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Les diagrammes suivants iiiutlirent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 mts- a|SB2 55«>^. ^' ^M4 ■^o- Ml:^ m>i^^^^y^ \ ,vi TiO .i<» ■" ^ijisi^oota o^*^ : ■■'■y ft. 5S'5 wmmmmm mm ^^^^gm ■:f ./■//■],: ■ ■ . THE EMIGRANT'S INFORMANT; OB, A GUIDE TO UPPEK CANADA, CONTAINIVO REASONS FOR EMIGRATION, WHO SHOULD EMIGRATE, NECESSARIES FOR OUTFIT, AND CHARGES OF VOYAGE, TRAVELLING EXVBNCE8, i^annetjs of t^z 19imcticans; qUALITIBS, AND CAPABILITIES, OP THE »1>IL, PRICE CURRENT OF THE COUNTRY FOR 1833, ■5*. RATES OF WAGES, \^ AMD AN ESTIMATE OF THE AMOUNT NBCESSART FOR THE PURCHASE or 80 ACRES OF LAND, BUILDING ON, AND CTOCKINO THE SAME ; INTBBSPEBSBD WITH BBFLECTI0N8 ON THE HAPPINESS OP A COTTAOB LIFE, BY A CANADIAN SETTLER, Laie of Porttea, Hanti. " Blest be that 8i>ot, where cheerfal guests retire, To pause from toil, and trim their evening fire; Blest that abode, where want and pain repair, And every stranger finds a ready chair." LONDON: PUBLISHED BY O. COWIB AND CO., 31, POULTRY j STIRLING AND KENNY, EDINBURGH; AND aOHN CUMMINO, DUBLIN, 1834. rlBT iiU ^ OT v'Ki^ /riii^'f' %<} «3> r.twr-* 'J^o'^ '*'''■* lMt4xa- sjvxw^^a^^-^ I'j-if/r Stlt lo itnwitit'^ f ;i.i^; ,. .Dt ^ i ' 1 Mi :(: '-lo ^-rrMi A ^6 2/ \3ons. a'" iT '3<>. - s^; i v V,,Vri-;M'>»^' Yl , 'i^AUi' v'>jwt\ (C^' ,V<'A \t- 'Al ,' V 'fO ! ^asriwrnii;* .^iTH^i- V i i', ^ t'V '***»**'*' *??■ Ml fi, ."^it: ■ lill t itV ■ :a„mmm»*m < $umm ^ \ S IX THE JPJU^YUSf (CX or HIFlPiCJi CMSJ^ML. '4tf>.\ ;i' „! 5 ^ - k ? f. . mmmf-'-]: j ' ' . r * '! ^ • 'I ■ '.^ i' i < I c t Aj /> ^ 7 4 ' -iTT>mi|ifni^i.p«nw,fii I. i ■■i >MI- T '' X- '■"-"? '■ CONTENTS. ycrbatim copy of a letter received froiA a member of a larg* fiuiilj tfaiat tmigrtt^ (i;Qm Portaea in April, 1933, dated 0th October, 1833. Dedication Copy of ^he sufferance at St. Catherine'e doeli for bagjpige, 8ce tntroductlOD..., ^..,. ...;;, ...•'«» " • ■ i CHAPTER I. '* fteawnafor emigration.... who should emigrate.... with obeenration* on the , mdvantagea of emigration, to the poor, and indiutrioos man of family. CHAPTERS. Reflectioqt on leaving home.... preparation for voyage.... oeoe«ariea|Jvr oatfit.... choice of a veawl....New Vork packeta prefered.... charge of voyage.... other miKellaneooArehlk^kK '*"' . CHA(PT£R 3. Arrival at New York. . . .reflections on departed scenes. . . .journey from New York to the head of Lake Ontario. . . .rate of charges. . . .seeoery on Ibe lladaonriv4iir....deicripti6n of towns.... manners, cnstoms^ wdbabit«i>r the Americans. . . . proq^ity of the cnantry. ' T'mm'^'' tt ) CHAVTER 4. Arrival in Up|Mr Om«dt....aitiiatioa of distriftt dMfrib«d....gtiM!nil ap. pcarance of lh« lacs ^ f the country. . . .mountains, riversi, and climate. . . . Mil as deacribtd by the quality of the trees. . . .local advantsc^es to the s«t> tiers. . . .qualities of soil in the several districts. . . .price of land. . . .gov. crnment agents for the sale of land. . . .Canada companions' agents. . . .their ■pirited exertions commended.... government notice to emigrants,... description of Quebec. . . .travelling on the St. Lawrence. . . .rates of fares from Quebec to Montreal . . . .Montreal described .... Batteaux. . . .sleighing in winter. .?^ 'CHAPTER*; i Canadian boat songs.... rf flections on a cottage life.... charms of distant nusiu....bshionable company at Montreal ... .scenery in the' environs and on the banks of the 8t. Lawrence.. . .Towns on the St. Lawrence. . . .King, aton, with navy yard, and nilitary depot. . . .scenery on the Bay of Quinte ....topographical description of the province.... qualities, productions, Mid eapibilitite 'of the Boll.... thriving condition of the settlers in Peter, borongb. . . .York, the capital . , . .salmon flsheries . . . .mamien and cnstoma •r th« Caaadians. . . .hoapitality of the settlers. • .... , , SAtilfjiiif'iii- CHAPTER C. TurmsoB which thy kad is diapoaed of ... .preparations for baildinr.... cboppiag and elcartey land. . . .custom of making a raising bee. . . .Gaiy^ta price current for 1933. . . .a setUert establishment in the woods. . . .method of making potash. . , .making ^gar from tbe sap of the maple tree . . . .esti. mate of amount 'necesiary for paying first instalment of land, building bouse, and furhishiBg stock and crop for the flrfet year. . . .estimate 6t ex- Jpeoces tnm the time of learitq; England, to the arrival on Vtit spot of location for a man, h(a wife, and six children. . . .rates of wages. . . .plenty of work for all.... scarcity of labourenin Upper Canada.... rfflactiona on ftn unhappy dispodtion. . m ■ CHAPTERS Bappine* in rural lifie, contrasted with the miseries n^ »\;>:U fungus, or the man of ««// ertaki troublea. . . tpleaaut* of a Canadi<.<.H ^'^ui^t . . . .travelling laithivslaiglw and carrioles.... field ^rta,...wild taike]rs....!'Sui|danct ;,«! wild Ikitftens. .. .profusion of fish.... Canadian concert.... vegefa^le ,>j|lwi|«(rtiqM|>. . . .reflections induced by a ramble during the Indian •tunnwr . . . .religious iastitatioas. . . .means of education. , % i.iV^ it •'», ...method butldiog mate bf ex- tlw «potof ;4l«ctioB««u Town of liaitie. l£etnfpei ,7 " .,-;,' By the blessing of God [ am per- mitted to address yoa siit&c all our journeying in this our adopted country ; I am happy to say that my Mother and Family are at present in good health ;♦«♦♦* • We arrived at Quebec on the 9th of June, ai'ter rather a long and boisterous passage, but we suffered no worse than others; for most of the ships had very long passages this season, and some have suffered shipwreck. We fell in with several Ice Bergs, a very grand and awtul sight, they were higher than the ships mast head. We had a tedious time going up the River St. Lawrence ; above a fortnight. Which I understood is generally the case, though . in England we understood it could be gone up ' iu three or four days; and for which reason I would advise every one whose pecuniary cir- cumstances would permit, to go by the wiy of New York, for the passage up the CL Law- rence is not only long, but dangerous — which is all eficaped by going that way. Wc fell in with my two sisters at Quebec^ they were com- ■»;>, -P^^M^MH jjiri' [JFC i PiFr--'-" ■-'^^'"""■^ ? foradultti, half price unctertwelvi^ years of age, no charge for infante, nor l^aggage— one day / and night brought us to Montreal, the s?.mo j evening we left in the Durham boats for Prescot>i a rough and dangerous mode of travelling, ex*, posed to wind and weather. * * ^1 The price for passage was 5s. for an adult, and 2«. 6d. per Cwt. for luggage— no allow- ance whatever, half-price for children under twelve years, no charge for infants. We slept at Presoot* and started in the morning ibr York* We stopped at JBrockTiUe, a busji bustling place, which in fact is a character- estip of all the towns we made any stay at ; on the Sunday Morning we arrived at KingstoA we stopped nearly all day. We settled Mr^ Crow's business about bis pension, the officers of the Dock Yard having received notice from ^»gl9nd just before our airival, on Monday Morning we arrived at York, 283 miles, the passage money iOs, for adults, and half price under 12 years of age, no charge for infants* \0d. per Cwt. for luggage. All the prices I have stated, are for deck passengers. * *" *■ ««««»• j^ftgr our arrival at Yerk, from information we had received, we made application for lanl fc <• oar services, Mr. Crow had 200 acr^s gtanted him, a circumstance never known before, for a dock-yard- man to receive any thifig who served in England ; but men serving in the dock-yard in this country are entitled to a grant. My brother Thomas nad 100 acres granted, but myself have to wait ) a wj w| is I ali Ml ro[ al ■^: till I receive my certificate from £nland> beioce J have my gi^^nt.|,w^|Bi\JL expect 100 acres alsw^, When I write again, I may perhaps know more, and wishing you all health aod happinesj^^ I beg to remain j.^^i ^ ^^^ ^^,^ »..,^j^, -§^404^ t^ din'v^4f^t>iS[arfh.»Your» Sincerely,, f^,^^ ■ '•"'■'"■ •■^■j^;r'''- ■ *"• •■ '--^ '■ '•■'*■ v'nnitftr'W * P.S, We are settled in Bariie,-* ^i^ town laid out this summer, we were the first settlers, I was recommended to come down here, and settle in Stinnidale, by the Gover<^ aor; — my mother is building a large house in the town, 32 by 22 feet in the mside ; we had k sermon preached in it last Sunday, the first preached in Barrie. The town is situated at the head of a beautiful Bay, on Lake Simcoe',. from which, there is a fine road cutting to Lake Huron; and it is intended to connect the Bay with Lake Huron, by a Canal, and also with Kifitt^ston, through Rice Lake, by Canals; it is more than probable that this will in a few yearj^ be a fine place, though the first settlers suffer a little. There is a town laid out in the Na^ta- w^saga River, in the township of Sunnidale, where Crow has 300 acres of land ; arid there is to be another town laid out on Lake Hin-on^ all of which are connected by the New I U My Brother Thomas has his 100 acres on .iie road, it passing through the middle of hii^ lot about 5 miles from Barrie. Will you have the mfi^mfn'i ■ i« doine! wf"> "*® 1 . .u». if thiniis do not go S to tell Mrs. Grout, **'*3 family are '^eU with her inBngUmd. ^h^^-^^^ send our To make *eir way out to^en ^^^ ^. lore to Susan, ^t; &f ^ Va'dlecombs. Mr. and Mammy Dru«f«.;"^g ^^ numerous to Norman, in foot altoends. t ^^ ^^^^^ ^^y a*te Vdrc^i.bs. telf them to come to f?[^r^'^^^s--Ser;erot lo bring her bed with her as ^^^^^ ^^^ to be hid, George Mothe^^^say^^^^^^ .^ .^ ^^ also, as soon as he c^«^ ^.^j y^ave 200 charged as a petty omcer i ^^ j^^„g acrel, and 100 as seaman , teU tn . Nothing tine, onll^^^^^i^^^ ^^ clothing. -^^^dlec^^e^;^^ of Carpenters is ^I'^^rd labourers 3s..v.cl. day ^viih lo'ft30aif ^^^gm lOHN COLBOENE. kl E* B. ' ' '^^ . j-^ • - LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR OF UPPER CANADA, ".' .. MAJOR GENERAL CUMMAMOINO HIS MAJESTY'S FORCES THBRKIIT. * '^' By inscribing these humble effort^ to your Excellency, I have no motive beyond that of following my inclinations. The well- known talent, which you have displayed in the course of your public functions, and the spirited manner in which you have conducted the affairs of the Colony ; give you a title to the most cordial and unqualified praise of every settler in the province. tended themselves »» . ' ^ tale of woes, «.„„try, I am o"»^„':S t" b«* too generally tbat I *'-,^'^:4epi:.ring these tacts. . « Vnovn. and Idt. I» * P^^^^^ „e see .« A» however with Uveiy v ^^ opportunity «pidly imP^-^^B r;;„''i^ceHency-s most «„der the a-^P'^^^^^^^'ltdrawiug ftom those Bberal ^^^f^^i^sery many thousands calamitous circums"«cesy^^^^ ^^^^.^^ ,^ thatlbr series of yeiu»^ industrious peasantry ; xnorals of a bold "^"J '^" ,,, ,„d artizans ,„d reducing *« ";;^:'":ronce appalling to ,„ a state of degradation, ai , t;el.stfeeHngsofhum-lt^^^^^^^^^.^^^^^^^ Whatever may be your ^ ,„„ttolittlework,lc«m P^^^._^^y„„^,l toitl.havenohesitatto^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^ ^0 «. the J"«"^J^^Jaed conviction, that « stating. ti.atitismyde« ^^^ ._^^^_.^y^ ^e co.«io««»«^ °2r and maintMu. the :Lrr:«:Uor:Capeo.ecommittedto '"-^rrder -,^rspt^^ --^^ ex- )ther Yoes, jvally , it is this tunity most i those usands ng the iantry ; ittizans lUng to opinion ) divine , you will icere, in k, that in rity, yon Lain, the emitted tp of the colony have experienced so many bles. sings, may long be preserved. That your hap. piness may increase, with the growing happiness and prosperity of the colony* That in your declining years, you may enjoy that ineffable felicity-^the fruits of a virtuous life ; and that ? in after ages, your monument may proclaim thcj illustrious truth of your principal instrutnen . tality, in promoting the best interests of the Province ; is the ardent wish, of /,_ Your Excellency's ^ " "^ -W- f^ ^ Most obliged C^Uffry-i.".. ■: ^,^4^1^t\X'< Jtlttfffliiit!: And devoted Humble servant, THE AUTHOR. ¥ Hamilton, Jan. 1st 1834. ne provi- That the e settlefTS ■rfasa*"" I Cleared and year. p package geatchet. ^r^^!>u'-L ^i!ori'o'j<;o.HTHr^ i i^Wmtim \)iU ot J^'i'mfii tsgqo'jb >Tli 'lf> tk\ ot ' •: Mol to q?r ^nHirTnl ait Jiiffrrit fjlvjfc'ia-^' ■ Who never to hiBM^W hath •aid?-' .iis?il?b ., '* Thiiisinyown.niv native Upd!", • V. L i;n> ' oiiiod^ wqa :' JL^: o't /// -a.J>^i«iiv^ , _ Wben a man is agitating the .question of Yomntar^ exile from his native. land, to become a settler in the back woods of America; it i^ of the greatest importance that lie should take into consideration and cte^ly reflect on all the con- sequences naturally attendant on the great and important change : that he ^hppld well ponder all the advantages, and. disadvantages, which are set befqiie him; the perils and hardships that he mii^t expect to i^dergo, and the di^T culties that he had to meet ( add to these the privations inseparable frofti tbe first two or three years residence iii a' wild unsettled country; encompKssed on every side by track- pT "r a -'^ My ^ ' — T'-tiwftWffh I ii INTRODUCTION h \ lesjt woods» And lastly, and what I conceive to be of the deepest interest to the sensative mind, the breaking up of long-established con- nections, and tearing asunder those bonds 6f closely knitted fHendsUit>'': tlie etftting at once all those social ties of endearment, those silken threads of kindred love, and affection; and bidding farewell to the land of his nativity, and scenes of his childhood. In a word to quit the dazzling and fleethig prospfccts of a' 'pleasurable world, with all the alluring enchantments of refined society, to seek, a new home in the gloomy wilds of an immeasurable forest. I wish here to be distinctly understood, to hfiv^ ad- dressed thb few prec^edfng; l|n^s to the n^an who possei^es the me^ans of^ living in his own couhtry: and )vh6 from a restless clispbsitioiji. or adesire to change, mrows 4p his connections at home,* n^^er f|EUse ati|^^ d^^^ notions of seeking happine'sf iii a distant lapd ; without refledtiii^l£at lillb^i^<6sii(is no Where tpbe found but id the teceisses olfhis/own heart, the mind or man is visionary, and ,will, without a more feadlii^ himihtp^ dp^r^j^(J^ li^cju^tjjr,, Jt js therefore o^if^e greatest jlI|[|p|(^^taI^ee^tp,exaa^^e well our susceptibilitif s«. , tj»i . proye well pur I dr di« INtROrtUCTPOtl 111 th conceive lensative led con- )oiids "df at once se silken sn; and vity, and quit the sasurable tments of e in the ;. I wish hav^ ad- the n^an [ 111^ own spositio|^. iinections otions of I without ^befpund The mind j^t a more f),exaii^He '■^i,^: st^ngtl^ of x^a&i and to sati^ diirselin^s lit evety respeet, f h& t ^i^e possess a sufficient share of' philosophy^ to bartef* the pleasuk^ei^ of the woild, for the more sterlihg enjoyment of do-i mestic solltnde^ ^And if hi the examination; we find ourselves wanting IttOtor inw Ifwould > t^at/liei wh9 (possessing a qoi^pct<^Bpy), is « ^no^s thftp|>y ^ ; bfy his owii^>%-^(ie ^ and in the cirqle olhis nearest^ and deadest relations,, .find friend^;, fivill/ peve? fi«Ld thesatiatiijig Mreams> amidst oiv! lakes/ Or reap bis happin^s^ in the bosom of a iGma^*- dJtaii,Weod<^!^yTr io j^bn^sHoiii frtBtn ot ^orb^l 1 \oi i)%#uM wow addrei^s myielf^ tl»>the^ittdn(is- tfrt6u# ia*rd iSfOb^r^irttth M^fflfiiitvr^hiithbr ttjBfPl- IV INTRODUOTION coHurist Qv other. I mean such as i'eel the clouds of adversity thickly gathering around Ibjem; who find the little remnant of their hard- earned fortune, gradually receding, an^ who are fast sinking, under the iron grasp of mis- fortune, or tyranical oppressors. To such I would say» avoid the dreadful emergencies, by collecting the little wreck of your shattered and tempest driven bark : thii^k of your fami- lies! Think! Icotijure you, think, ere it be too late for thought to avail! Think of those innocents, who are looking ap to your fostering band, for their ^aUy sustenance! Think of those calamities, that hover around you, and avoid the evil, whilst it is yet in your power. I do not mean to contend with men who are doubtless mere conversant with financial «Gononiy, than myself ; I dd n6t mean to say^ that the Sun of great Britain has set for evei^ of course 'ilk an extensive mercantile €onntry like England, there is, and WHI cofttiiilie th be extensive wealth : aiid pers^s M^ho will con- tinue to amass great property* Rut the recol- lection to many thousands of indivi4iiflik, that a portion of; that wealth, the fruits of the toil- some application of all their best years, was ^mm: INTROD^JCTION feel the ng around heir hard- i^nd who ip of mis- 1*0 such I ^neies, by shattered four fawi- e it be too of those r fostering Think of yoil> and r power. men ivho \k financial »an to say, t fdlr ever^ lie country tiaue t^ be yvnll con- t therecol- duatk, that of the toil- years, was ofice theirs, serves but to mock their misery, ^nd what avails it, to " see:pi:offision that we jD^ust not share ?" , Truly convinced, as I am, o^ the endearing sound of home ; that it is an indiscribable chanu: I think I could almost hate the man, who would despise his country. The name qf £ngl|ind will ever bo dear to ];qc> as the. country that fostered my iu^e^^t^y^ars. |Never shall I cease to hail with del^gh^, the recollection of my. native, land* But as wq are , all of us the creatures of circumstance, and as U nev^r was if^tendfd ^ha^ man shpuld be his ^pl^li^^stjer ;,)vJb Jiaye uudpu^ted rig^t, to bow tp the wili pf Prpy ^cnce : and tl^cre cm be ,li|tt|e doubt, but tb^t l!^® §^P^^I^f ,¥^ ¥^. ^"fi~ .l4ite, wisdom, has sq ordained it, that a portion 9^11^ shall be destined, to relinqu^h^ the scenes ^nin/^l>/.') ^tU ' For twenty y6ars of my life, Imyct*cn engaged in commercial pursuits, 1 have bad aii opportunity during; that tirtie, df obseiVing the calamitous transitions that hkVe takdn ptac^^; the nfady thousands who ha Ve bdeti deprived t)f comforts that they once ^njoy^d, left deii^- titate, or thrown upon the boiinty'df chadtjr for their maintenance ! Perhdps wfth 'a nume- rous family, looking up for that support. Which they no longer were enablM to impart t P6^- haps in age, and fri 'ill' e been lad a^ ng tne BpriVed ih detT- chaiity ntrmiEf- , wMch ii^eil^ by tn the f" y^^ ' i I would ask, can the man of family do, la provide for a numerous offi^pring ; better fthan to avaU himself of the opportunity that iMHKT offers; in establi^ing himself oH a little 4iiBreditory estate? (that bis children may have some dependence, beyond the miserable pros- pect ' of a parish poor*hoiise), by seeking ' a retreat, wher« he may ho^je to pass the evening of his days, with a mind nhsfaackled by the ^l^ciiilties of a tradiag wY>rld, and with a con- $cipp^nesa ^hat Us cbildi^en, and his children's 4^ii^nt mil bless his memory ibr the step t;hM lie had taken, in timely rescuing them ^qm a miiltitude of dissipations* ' hh tu; . , .< I; now cpme to the third class of my jcoputrym^n^ lasjt, Uiough not least on tbe^ scald pf H umanity ; the < mechanics,, and those who occupy the laborious stations^ in life; sadly overwrought, and in most instances, miserably / r M :«■ vm INTRODUCTION fed» without the faintest ray of hope, of with* holding their offspring from those servile chains of , wretched dependancei with • which they themselves are but too familiar. Many*'(Of whom at this moment, I blush to say iU in a country like England ; are languishing 'Unno- ticed in their wretched dwellings, withbut where- with to obtain a morsel of bread, for their tarnishing and dependant children, or wander- ing from town to town in search of their daily sustenance, or driven by necesisity, to the commission of crime, at which their nature, in antei-ior times, would have shuddered to contemplate. "The nation is multipliied, but the joy is not increased*" To uvoid these ap- paling emergencies, the only remedy appours tOjbe, emigration* v **.. ~Tothos0 therefore of my countrymen who are anxious to avoid the impending evil, 1 would recommend the propriety oC turning their attention to a risiiig country, where thei« is ample field for their exertions, and where. If they possess habits of sobriety, and industry, with the spirit of perseverente, they cannot faK of speedHy improving their condition, nnd ultimatety, of being in possession of coropura- ViUJ*'I';.r4m ^'AJ jH*i^:Xlk iC^'M i'.l JUU ^nx^K^^l^<^ f with- chains they any»'n>f itt in a where^ for their wander^* eir daily to the nature, dered to >lied, but ;hase ap- ' {^)pears men who r evil, 1 aing their > there is where. If industry, annot faK ion, nnd compura- '■ty IMTRODUCTION. H tive affluence. To such then, and especially to the agricultural labourers ; I would say, do not hesitate, lay hold of the hope that is set before yon ; again I say, be firm ; you cannot render your condition worse ; but in all human probability you will be enabled to realize all your hopes. You will become useful members of society, and in process of time, may, if you vnlly become owners of ligitimate property ; which you will be enabled to hand down un- sullied to your posterity, and your declining years, will be spent in the retrospect of days gone by. You will see your riches springing up around you, you will have an opportunity of contemplating nature in all its varied forms ; of witnessing the bounties of your Creator ; and you will be led instinctively to the adoration of that leiug, who has &• amply provided for your necessities, and your comforts ; thus, will your affections, and your future hopes, be placed on that God, who is the disposer of all things, and who alone worketh good. And liko the Patriarclis of old, you will go down to the grave in the fulness of years, and with the in- effable satisfaction ; that, on earth yoa haire done your datj« « \ i X'i% iU'tiimi Ihi m tfid : 8l^)dj-«lfi!t tfJ^'^''^" "^*<^^^4 |-!fV . ""i- V 1 '.jxijiii'^^ii i V .vc ■■■• . i 'jti'.*! *; • ' *■ ■ o4} '^'W: - 'I rea dfdcji kit aih wmmmmm Ct i' wi law j);'>mod y-orTj *^Eveii now, me'thinks, as pondering Iwra I staad, ^^^ "^ 1 tee the rural fiituet leave the iaad, 'fl > ' Dowa where yon ailchttriac v«iiBel i|>readf; : th» Jsmi, : I^T that Wly wiutiiiB. I^M,#th ^feimfi^/" ! ,..;i ;f .1:3 That Qolasiiiiths anUcipatians itre nilly dfajr, lib osib k tUiik Will ti(ddi«iUl| iu^ ad^ JBvery da^r* 6T^ paper W^iertti^/brlii^slihes^ 4rei6ike6iiipkftiiiig tliii mldtdllDit 0^ bif«bci0i^'^ akderHit(iingthelbl^u^rStcfi!lie6ar^^^ ^iMx^ ^/' BMIGRANTS ation is stalking on every side, and not a pos- sibility exists* of ever again returning to those scenes of rural happiness, and domestic ease ; that once «ow^, ^r th^ t^tl^ enameled hills onScdaftni/cJl^ t6lthl|oy#of4eil once loved highland home ; never will the daisy-clad meadows of Ireland , rejoice in the blooming fertility of a smiling land. Sanguinary laws, and overwhelming poverty, at this moment are driving thousands ^f Iir6!a1id^s bravest sons from those honjies, which for centuries have been the possessions xtf t^i^jy^^ l^i^Wng the fniptiv!^ from the gieeiii fields of their .nati- vity. The high rentals^ together with the rtbo- minable and iniquitous system of tithes, are a grievous curse, and hanglike a drag-chain oi| til en be IS an Qf loc the fai sui an I suj QV( ha be yej to: Ym m nu not a pos- ] Dg to those testic ease; tage of the ar will the iiant tint of l^ encuneled f ^eil once 5 daisy-clad e blooming iinary laws, moment are St sons from ,ve been the if their taati- itbthertbo- tithes, are a ng-chain oil INFORMANT. W timos be kept perfectly free from every thing o«i€iulated to arrest or retard its progress. How Qtfteli* does; it ooour> that money, which might he advantageously employed in improving land, is puttOat to interest, to avoid the goading and painful task, of handing over a tenth part of the produce to an arrogant vicar, who contii hnit^ nothing ? but on the contrary, is as a looust, dovouring that portion of the produce pf thelAiid, that might otherwise be applied tor the support and nourishment of thousands of famishing individuals. Thus the primary pur- suits and occupations of the \*^;1d, are fettered and [embarrassed, by a decidedly bad mode of supporting those, whose duty it is, to watch over their (locks* to contribute to their spiritual happiness, and point them to another and.fl^ bettdTr world. It is a fact beyond all oor«troT>^ yeifsjr, that freedom cannot e^ist, while, m^'^ Q]>e covspelled to give a tithe of their sub8istimc#^ tQi ipiai«tain in ithe most extravagant potnp* aad^ wiui^on luxury and Ucentionaness ; the minis^ 1[ei?9:ofarQUcion> to the forms of which theyl' <»Qiwoiconscic«itipiuly subscribe^ b ii;> t l?|ior>e who have never travelled in Ireland/ ekn^ form btit a very imperfect idca> of the dis^^' 11 )h I M 1^1 lV,-« i 4i EMirRANT S tress that generally pervades that utihappycoan- try. Often have I seen in one mlseri^lile nbaHjr ilnroofed dwelling, with scarceily ^ a window remaining; from ten to* twelve, and in aonit ifisliances more families, pent up together, with not an article of household furniture, sare th^ shattered remains of an old oak taMe, or a solitary chair without a back, or a broken stool. And for cullinary utensils, an iron pot, )iot unfrequently serves the threefold purposes of tea kettle, if they are able to raise the tea, a pot to boil the potatoes in, or stirabout/ ini^dlfM^y have none, and a rea^tX to wash the tattered i'emains of their wreched garments in ; these vfiik perhaps a broken cup and saucer, make up theitum of thewhole of their moveable effects. In every street and alley, are to be seen groups of hunlah beings in a state of half nudity; women with their almost lifeless infants, strug. Ung to obtain a portion of the scanty nutriment fism tl|etr4e3i:hatist«d tnothersi while thdlf fy*>ek- IcggTfinid^ thftlHatedikthet^i, wander the streets toilf tokllbopb^ attd^ maddened witb hunger And despair. Nay^ I^hit^ lTe<}iK8nt1y««eti woinen YTitbthd lifcSed^ bodies of their aii^nt eltitdnen in their arms, pro\f\ifkf^ from street to street. wil ■1 INFOBMANT. coan- I baHy , with ye th^ , or a It stool, ot, *not loses of a, a pot tattered I ; these )r, make e effects, n groups nudity ; s, Strug, lutriflnent leif W6k- i6 streets inger und it'Kroiiien ebiidieii to street. and begging from the casual passengers., the neans of depositing the remains of their depar- ^d offspring in the grave! S^cenes like these, .but too familiar, would almost Jead to the con- clusion, thai misery is the invariable iot of man, happiness the mere ei^ception ! what then ? .Can we be surprised on reading the many .out- rages that are daily and nightly committed : such a state of things cannot exist for ever ! there are limits to human patience and. suffer* ings^ when passive obedience would ceasfBi^tp -be, a,. virtue I; ia.h^ ■)>{? 'nnlin.-jrfi ^^iv^f'J4l^i>. otfJ t^m Mr. Wakefield in his accdunt bf^ Irolapd, makes a melancholy appeal to the sympathising lieart, which I will here. subtract»^/'/(I have 'Seen the cow« the favourite cow, driven, away, accompanied by the sighs, the tears, and the imprecations of a^ whole family^ who were pq4- ling after, through wetand dirt, to take the last %lfectieaate farewell ol their. only finead and lieneftictor at the poand«>gate. I have heard, "^th amotions wfaldt I can acavcdy describe, 4ee|ieiirses repeated from village to village as 4h)i^ cavalcade proceeded. I have witnessed the froup pass ; the diMnaintwalis of the opulent 'frasier, whose. iiiunerQus.herds. weice . cropping 9 UMtORANt'l^ the most Ittxariant pastures, l^hilst he wtfs secure Irom any demand for the tithe of th^t)r produce, looking cm with thd most unfeeHdg indifference. But let us reverse the picture* and behold the effects that are produced by opptii^ssion so insufferable, as to' eiifingUifih every sentiment in the breast but a desiro' of rer^nge t I have beheld at night housel^; ill flames, and for a moment supposed' myself ill a country exposed to the ravages of war, atid suffering from the incursions of au enemy. On the following morning the most alarming ac- counts of thrasher's afid ^hite-boy's bave met my eiar ; of men who had assembled with wea- pons df destruction, for the purpose of coAr pelHng peof^Q to swear uot . to f uhiiiit to the payiMBt of their tithes ! 1 have iwen these oppressed people^ in the d)iaUiti<«of their sage, mikrderiog tithttprootorSi r at^ ooUectors, on whoin thify WfoalLisd th^ tlmgeiuice witb ev«ry mniic of the most savage >arbaiily 4*' mBh^iI will no l<^g«rridweU> u^kmI 4ateeumstiiiiQef itufpr wMdi as au individual, I own ht^ve no cofttroul. JYappy it is that an opp6rtnnttf firestotaitieK «iviwjilfadrkwiag thousands,- and; 1 j^ayr /«ay liuQiifeds of thou8«hds, ihniL. thostf soese» at INFORMANt. he trefer a voluntary exile to a country where there is every prospect of bettering his condi- tion ; to that privation and distress, which so |nany of our industrious labourers, and once liespectable families* are doomed to perpetuate it home* *-s*«"^'-^ .ta^tr^imn-M^tsu 'i ^.f/JA-5,fc':-M(fc -Wi-^i^i* 'Alw much has already been said on the subject of Canadian ^migration, I cannot pre- ;nd to advance much; or to throw any new Ight upon the matter ; but will content myi^elf uniting my feeble endeavours with those who lave led the van. All that I here transmit riU be the pure and simple transcript or my kind ; with such other information as may rom time to time come within the limits of my )servation, and which I may deem worthy i6 attention of my readers. With this vie'iv lerefore I will proceed to notice, the immense imbers that are almost daily quitting their »mes,^ for the transatlantie' shores: few of fhich I beliove arc seen to return, I mean com* c ■i^llHl ■! 1 II t' 9CMIf}RANTVi pcfrcaivflff fiw, with the nmnbctffl that aifc cob- ^taatly CQmiiig oat.^-^this ctetainly speaks VQlitmes in favoufof the meajiufcie. The tide of f uiigratioa is rapidiy flowing in, not oidiy from England and Ireland, but ah«o ftom Scotland- 'Within the last six 6t seven years, many thousands of induittrioas Scotsmen, and niime* rous whole families, have quitted their native glens ; and have now become prosperous settlers In our several Canadian townships : many of whom had barely sufficient to defray the ex- jpences of their voyage* and proceeding np the country. Here I think it right to observe, there h a wide difference between emigration, and colo. fiiasation; an error which many of our poorer l»0thren are led into, for Want of understanding thenatui^ an4 siHuation of the country* An en^T which ittvo|v#s them in much misery ; ^m which, «othli^ but the tim^y and fosiei^ i»g hand of charity is able to extricate them. To avoid such^xt^emities therefore, I wish it to be distiiictly un^erfitood by tholabouring classes of society, that there are already a sufficient number <^ labourers, in, and about Quebec^ and the lower j^viooe. It is therefore isjitui- -^^^ ■^ INFORMANT. A ly speaks rhe tide of xnAy from nScotlattd- ars, many and name* heir native 0118 settlers : many of pay the ex- ding np the e, there is ^ and colo- ottT poorer ierstanding mtry; An ch misery; and fostor- oate them. I wish it to fiiig classes a safficient ut QuebeC) efore iwps- peiisably necefetiry, that erery ^ers^* \ffi6 proposes to emigrate, shall provide hiitrsdt inth sufficient money to convey him to the upper province ; where there is work in abun- dance, for all who wish to avail themselves Of it.^-^Men of families should be particularly mindful of this; as by it, much privation, and many hardships otherwise inseparaMe fbom.the iindertaking.may be avoided. To atconlplish thi^, if they are uot able to raise sufficient fm>^s of their, own; I would recommend a timely ap* plication to the parish in which they reside. To our poor Irish brethren I say, look amongst your neighbours and friends, that are charkaibiy disposed ^ do not be backward in asjung; re* member it is the last they will have to do for you 4 and be assured it is of the moat para^ mount importance! I say decidedly, that any who cannot possess themselves of the means of earinj underg porting that yc two or cafiQrui then d( ycfii ai ij' »ofte INFORMANT. II object sup- than me In re. by n\\ be ly find 5^ on , have {trious, ^ring of h may if they lis|)osi- B to be ppositti getting ervants anada: tic pur- of the English daugh- phrase would find their account In an expedition to our new world, to speculate in matrimony with our young Canadians, or — and what perhaps may be more congenial, become the beloved part- ner of a newly settled colonist ; who — by the way is much in want of a wife, and who is, — or soou will be, invested with the dignilj/ of a Canadian freeholder* •" ••- « The question of who should emigrate, and on which tliere has already been so much said ; in my opinion is not easily solved : depending as it does on the customs, capabilities, and above all ; the inclination of the parties theth- selves. I was always a stickler for the belief, that almost every thing is attainable by per- severerlce. The question therefore stands thus : have you carefully e'xamined all the important 1)earings on the great change you are about to undergo? Have you a mind capable of sup- pbrting you under every difficulty and privation that you must expect to meet during the first' two or three years undertaking ? if you have* cai-tefully decided in favour of these que^^tions ' then do I unhesitatingly say, beyond all' doubt> yda are the person whos^hould emigrate ! Tt^" ii 'Often said that pei'^ns of sedentary eui^ IS BMJ0SANT8 ployment should never think of ^oin^ to Ame- rica, this I feel myself bound to deny,--^r at least to remind my eourteams rMdert— as Moor says — "there is no rule, but has its ex- ceptions I" I was bred to a sedentary profes- sion, and believe me, I am by no means at a l^ss in handling the axe» the scythe, or the sickle ; all of which were strangers to me antill I had pa^ed. my fortieth year. It is also asser- ted that the weayer>s can never make goo^ settlers a^ farmers,. when torn/ knowledgei. the wea. vers who left Uenfrevf« and Lianerk shires/ a^9 now become presp^roos settlers, (and make viery good farmers,) in the Bat^urst district; apd .many others have from time to time at the representaiiotus and solicitations of theii^ ffifindff* been induced to relinqnish tl^e loom and shuttle, for the more hardy pursuitSy oi farming, in the bosom of our sylvan-groves, .f.>j; JBmpgratipn^ ^tiring the years of 1.880^ 81. 132* an4 idso 33. raged to an nidpreoedented en- tent; and I ha^e no hedtatfiQA in saying, that the iiumber woiild. have be^ doi»bled| if the advairtagee^ attendant en snob a-di^ngA, coiodd ktve b<^dn more generally kiiown^ and doly anureciated^ When ; wiU. ih& genev&sBmt of :m INFORMANT. r, — or •»— aa s ex- >rofe8* s at a >r the untill asser- «ttlei8 i wea- thire» ; ma)(e iatrict : time H f th<5rf 9 io^m iU» ol iSO 91. ted eX'- 9, that if the , COiUfld yd duly ?9»l of England, learn to look ta the interest of het* infhnt coloi^es ? it is in my o^nnion, beyond all controversy, that the miseries which so thickly encompass the trading interest of Great Bri^ taiik; are mainly attributable to two sources. First, the high rentals, and enormous taxations; for the support of an arrogant and overwhelm^ ing Anstdcracy. And secondly, a superfluity of manufactures, and a paucity of cossUmeirs^ The only remedy therefore, that presents Hsislf h tie sending of the surplus population tb people the rising coloaies: this of course, if carried to a suffi'^ient extent, would reduce ^ aninber of manufacturers and artiaM^s at home, to a proper and reasonable standard^ while f peHodtcaily, ^llien«« iW Ht.Ji m mm ftl .KMIGRANTK bie them to support their fhmilies \9hlk comfort 'duriog the first several years ol' their location^ will furnish many of the conveniences and lux- uries of life, and will afterwards form th?j n»; ■ " .o( educating: their children ; and placing them on that scale of reputable society, which their feelings dictate : a duty they never would be able to accomplish in their own country. Mechaiiies ^ho will most readily find em- ployment are; carpenters, blacksmiths, masons, bricklayers, millwrights, shipwrights, millers, tanners, shoemakers, in fact, all such trades ' as are commonly reqnired in a country that ,owes its support to agriculture ; tailors are at present not much in requisition, unless they feel a confidence in their ability to wield the ate, as dexterously as they handle the bodkin and sheai*s. Mechanics of all denominations win do well to consult their abilities and incli- natioEs, to occasionally work out; as it is probable, from the great distress that prevai! 1 ^ in all the manufacturing districts at home, anci k ^^ Uieiiumbers that ar^ constantly availing thetp. ^selvespf emigration; the time may not be far distant, when we may be greatly oy^/vstoctod •J#ii!¥V/#ass «f society; iuid: by draft Wg \mi mssrrsjf ' .. !'>m m INFORMAKT. 15 them from time to time into agricuUtiral pursuits, we may be enabled to keep our balance true. I have just said, tailors are not wanted, and I perceive I have omitted to assign a reason 5^ and as I conceive that respectable body is justly entitled to a reaiSon, T will give it now before it slips my memory ; well then, it is this, as most persons bring out a little stock of cloth- ing with them, and as by patching and con- triving (all of which their wives can do very well,) they are enabled to rub on pretty tole- rably for the first several years; there would be '"jm ^ sorry ^respect for persons of that proies- < >, vbo might emigrate under the impression of ^))j?v<;uing their avocation to advantage. To all however the chances are open, and it is my firm belief, that theie is not a single trade or occupation, from which we might not be aide to select very many, who by diligi^'^ce and per^ , severence w<^ald make very good Canadian iarttkcrs ; especially when we take into the .ac count, that they would be free frdiiii pn^adice; and would therefore be anxious to obtain inior- matioDj and would «t all times lay open to conviction. mtmm iff ItVMQR-ANT'S \ "^"^llfB M 9.1^ anxiety ; I am certain that the adyantatg^s wi|l l^ so apparec^ti that nQ» pno ^ith a^f s^ngtl^ of jp[iin4 OS perseyering s^iri^ oCifn^i^tfy» yfi^ hesitate, in, a* choice betjwee^ a^ %14k whei?^ there is unliai^ted scoptf i^ abiUty* aii4 mr proyement, and ^.jfk exhaustied monopolix^ country, where the whole of the lands, ami manufactures, are rapidly passing iato tbe- o&nds of the few overwhelming capiitalifits* ;^ CHAPTER lli V ' ^ Good heavf n^ ! what mrrows Klopnued- that partinff day,. That callM tliem from their native walks away ; ykhen the poor exiles every pleasure past, Hung round their tiowers, and fondly h»olt.edi their last* « « * « * « 4h And shnd'ring still to face the distant deep, lUturo'il ftnd wept, and stilt retnrn'd to weep f^ I cannot pass oyer this scene, without pauh s|n|| for a moment to contemplate the pictufe in all its loveliness,—! do not iBeao-^like tbe knight of the woeful couatenance, togoin.%ii«it B » BMI6 rant's ^ mMaUcfaoly ftdrentures, —but IJlere is a pe^ ^liar something in a scene like this, of sach iBicqi]^itesensibilityi such light and shade, such delicate touches of pure nature, sueh thrilling ecstasies, and indiscribable emotions of hope nnd fear ! as I am sure the pencil of the great- est ' inaBtevs,-*-a Raphael, or an Angelo,-*- "wottld foil very shovt in delineating} when we beheld the mixture of joy and sorrow depic- ted on every countenance, the agonizing pangs of eternal s^[>aration ; — when we perceive the tears of love and affection, chasing each other down the pallid cl^eek ^ eur dearest associates ; when we behold fhem suffe:.iig under the men> tal agonies of eternal separation f and when the faltering sound of-T-fare well for ever, breaks npon OUT ear; and we see them with stilling emotion, take the last sad look at their dest r. ted, and once happy cottage;— and gr^spifig their children, turn their steps toward the strand, with hearts too full for utterance !- but I will not proceed, — such deep sorrow- however interesting, is too painful to dwdl on \ wfi will reverse the picture, and regard it ati transient^ and as an ordeal, through which it is iiecessciry fK»r n» to pass, ta fit our mindfi for ..,Hil»PI!IJ!l!ll "T"»5PW«™~'"iwP"""l»»i» great- igelo,— \ when V depic- g pangs eive the ;h other ociates be mcn- id when ,t hi'eaks I stilling r destr. gri^spvg ard the ranee l- jorrow-— twell on J ird U ati which, it ikat final separation, which soon must be the lot of all r--Since therefore it is ordained, and -certainly for the wisest ends, that we should disperse ourselves, to seek out the best place for subsistence^ let us buckle fortune on our bade, and support it with cheerfulness; in the full assurance of the words of Pope, that " what- ever is, is ri^ht.'* And now — "courteous rea- der ;" we will if you please begin to prepare for ' the voyage... v ^*M4.*n^M^>;-f«4,ii ■ ■ ---^f- Having settled your business affairs* and collected in your monies due-^I mean such of you as are fortunate enough to have any to col- lect,— yon may next proceed to dispose of your moveable effects in the shape of furniture," to the' highest bidder, for be assured they will not be worth the carrying across the Atlantic; and you may, if yon have any ingenuity at all, make iaost of your articles for a Canadian >ablish- 'Hient at your leisure, when yon cannot pursue your avocatiott in the field. You may then go to market and buy such articles of clothing as your 'finances will admit of, such as stout woollciis, plenty of flannels, good warm worstead hose, blankets, (if you have any carpetting do liot ^11 that, provided yoii- can afford to keep it,) ipiMIPiiP mm 1 » MmmBjMw*9 stoui sbeecr you may buy, bait ywt neM iidt; hsr at tl^o.espenceof moantiiig tbem with nulla «r ti{i8» noil that I am appiehensire ofypor meet- ing thft &ite of Magues, but as omroadK for the most part aie ^* pretty conaiderabfy ao/if^ 'I guess,** they will by no means be wanted ; edge tools you may bring, also^smatt farming unple- meiits I a set of harrow*» teeth, would not bo amiss, a plastering trowel> and a glazier's dii^ mond, ace highly essential, as, if yeo m« not ry^r own build^ef entirely, yeii will, iin4 it of •^groat impertavce to be able ta fipish your hamm yonrself; every description oi mechanippal; 1^- . bonr being very hi||;b h^e. Spad«9», Koe»» rakef , , an4gs|i^en tao^in general., of eoarse!yc^w411 not forget, konmongery i^ general; is dear, jjip^eyerUieless I wpal4 u(^t recommend the^^ bring- iiigoiit of heaver articles; as the exjpeo^e ,ef jBQpyeying them ^m the sea-port town#; |o Upper Canada^ wo^jd b^ more than thf^ , value. Bring a smaljt asBorlment ^ iieeds^ , particulariy the potatoe o^> swe^isl^ tilfnjp, Wif^el^wiir^ly trefoil, lucern; lus^t^ a ge- neral assor^ucnt of seeds shonl4 li^< brought,, as the place of your locatio!- n^ay b€i;ii^ a /great distance irom any market for tbiQse ^rti- tiles-; 1 yen m tothos thevoj of the] tain to relieve salte, 1 made ' medfcii o^erii the^ l< otfi^c^'i ydtt^ sfad\i!d #ntio foil nil (vbufd bod fx nenilo >rocec< INFOWMANT. 2i t t6thBr tada for )d; e^ ,g imple- i not bti ier*s dkk- ai« not □4 it of iyrborocecd to embark you on your exnedition. 22 EMIGRANTS "^ The supply for the Tictualing office d^^ j^tartment shoald Ij as economical as possible, taking care that you provide enough^ for te^ member it is a dreadful calamity to run out of provision at sea. Of this I speak feelingly, having once suffered severely on that score* Although the passage is often made in six weeks, and sometimes less, yet it would be extremely injudicious, to lay in provisions fbr less than sixty days, and then it is necessary that the strictest economy should be observed. I would decidedly recommeDd for a &mily, (nt where there is a party intending to mess to- gether, the plan of rations; otherwise by the improvidence of som^ one or more of the party, it is likely after all your vigilence in providing, that you may have to put yourself on very short allowance, beforje the termination oC the passage. The amoi)nt of outlay for provisions, will be about d^. for an adult ; foir a large party messing together a little lois may be made to suffice, as for ini^ance, a lesser quantity of tea, and some other artides* As to the specific airticles of provisions, . that must depend upon the taste an^ ihctinations of the parties them- selves, thereibre after mentioning what are bestf calculated for the occasion, I will leave you to >*^-nm ■■<» ■" INFORMANT. 23 ce de- ssible, out of ilingly, score* in six old be »ns fbr oessary served, aily, or Less to- by the B party, [>vidiiig, I oC the •visiQiis, a large be made ntity of I speciiSc id upon ss them- are best i you to manage the matter in you own way; conceiving' thai you are better calculated to cater for your* self, than I to perform the office for you. And now for the bill of fare: ship bread, cfciefally packed in a cask> beef or pork salted down close iii a cask, hams, I would recommend, as sometimes, when the weather is boisterous and yott cannot cook, you may manage to toast a slice of bam, which with a biscuit will relish very well, plenty of oatmeal, /or the women and children in sea sickness, flour for puddings, better than much meat ; red herrings, an excel- lent rellish, apples or raisins, good in sickness, rice for boiling, a go6d light food white the stomach is weak, butter, lard, for frying, tea, coifee, oggs, packed in salt, with the small mdsdownwardsi vinegar, pickles, cheese, onions pepper, mustard, ginger^ and a few common spices, cabbage will keep good at eea for a week iorten days, a little brandy, for sickness, porter in bottles, and carefully packed, soap is of rio service at sea, as yon cannot use it \rith salt water, r.nd you must on no account use the iVesh water for washing; neveirtbeless a small piece would not be amiss in some particular "^r^dse^ for the children ; as you may occa- •> I m 21 BM40RANT8 mm\f upafe a little irttter oirt of your dally attowMiee, provided ^on have not too mangr iMrHy wv/f In yonr party $ cream or milk m^ Ibe kept good for I'ne whole of the passar"), ^y boilinic it and adding two pounds of Mgar to the quart, r boxes ; or Mith the rolling of the Yessel, you will soon tii^vc) them spoiled. See well to the packiing and securing of all your luggage before it is i^ken on lward» and do not make your pack- Higes veiy large, if you take money on board, look well 4o the secuiaty of it; and it ^1 be «qait^, pmd^tJiot to bofuit of your riches, 4irhil8t.;passing ^m fhoie to shore. The safest anode of ^conveying moneyj will be to lodge it ^|th|. Wilson and Co. of Austen Friars, Agents in l^don, for the Sank oi Upper Canada* ;ti^iAg.im acknawledpaent, and then you may 1^x9^ '^ 9» jou pleas6» .after yoQr arrival ther«; ^^wi|(g •thi^.premium tof the day, on the ex^^ (C^iplgQ^^hich as genecaUy about fiomia.te^llr ym^: INVORMANT. i; 16 manf r milk )f f cool^ «B8ive^ sa will race is ms are itfi; or 11 SOOtt lacktng re it is ' pack- board, ^1 be riches, 3 safest lodge' it ,Jk gents ou may bI therii; the ex*' per cient. bitt of eoiirse varies a Kttle; ih6 so^ vereign is worth about 39* currency, that is 6s. to the dollar, and the dollar yoa ktum may be purchased for 4s. Sef. in Ba^l md, of any of the money exchangers, and dealems in bullion; (some of whioh are to be found ia every sea-port town:.) Is. sterling passes here for Is. 2d^ of our currency. Messrs. Smith, Payne, and Smith, Lombard-str«et, are agents for Quebec,, and Montreal; or the Canada Company's office, in St» Helen's Place, Bishop^s- gate-street, Zjondoi^ will receiive deposits for intending emigrants; and yott hare then the same liberty of drawing your money here ; you are by no means expected to purchase land of them, on that account, if you prefer making a purchase elsewhere. Having advanced thus for in the business* you had better now proceed in search of a vessel ; in doing which you cannot act with too much caution. In the first place therefore I deem it necessary to inform you, that there is an act of parliament for regulating these mattets, ( "9 Geo. 4, cap. 21.") of which the following ar0 the principal provisions: — "Ships are hht latll^wed to eavvy passengers to these cold- if ■I mm emigrant's nies unles& they ))e of the height of five feet and J9L half between decks, and they must not carry more than three pas^sengers for every four tons tof the registered burtbep ; there must be ^ , board at least^fty gallons of purs water, a^id fifty pounds of bread, biscuit, oatmeal, or ^ibread-stuff, for each passenger. Ma&ters of . vessels, who land passengers, unless with ^heir •own consent, at any place different from that originally agreed upon, are subject to a penalty .,o1'20m recoverable by summary process, before two justices of the peace i& any of the Nortli American Colonies. The enforcement of this law rests chiefly witL the officers of His Majes- ty's Customs; and peri^ans having complaints to make of its infraction, should address them- selves to the nearest custcm-house." I recom-l mend that emigrants should stipuit te for the 'use of the water-closet. Passages to Quebec, may be obtained at a very low rate, particu- larly from the western ports, as most of the timber ships go out in ballast, but with thesel and most other trading vessels you are liablel to be kept waiting for two or three weeks : tbe| Captain's object being to obtain as many pas- ^I^Qgerja a^ he can. This often proves a scriousl ^^■S^*'''"'"""^PP1PI>WPBWW" mrnm^^ npmwHP«H«p«PMa«pa«P i feet and not carry four tons ist be '' mter, a^^d tmeal, or asters of with ♦heir from that I a penalty ess, befoie the North ent of this His Majes- complaints Sress thera- I recora- tte for th« to Quebec, e, particu- nost of the with these I are liable weeks : the s many pas- ses a serious INFORMANT. evil : to avoid which therefore as much as pos- sible, do not pay your deposit *rioney untili you have ascertained pretty correctly the day of sailing ; and then stipulate the day on which you are to go on board ; this will avoid the expenco of lodgings, and also of spending a considerable deal of loose money, by hanging about in public-houses The Captains and Agents invariably ask more for a passag'e than they may be induced to take ; you may there- fore venture to offer at least one third less than they propose : and in some instances half, especially if there are several vessels about to sail for the same port ; therefore do not be in hktste to conclude a bargain* The majority of pe^'sons seem to recommend a passage to Quebec or Montreal, as being generally obtains d for less money* but if you tak% into the account, the liability, (especially to those who come out early in the spring,) of being blocked in with the ice for two or three weeks, by the breaking up of the frost ; and the dangerous navigation of the St. Lawrence at that time, 1 think the balance will be found to be in favour of a pas- sage by New York. And although it is argued that transhipment of baggage by the latter route •-, J fi ^ ■SB m xkMICTRANT'S is a gireat fhconvenience : I think oneeqnalTy fbnnidable presents itself, in the former route^ by the immense charges imposed upon you for conveyance of your loggage ^om Montreal to> the head of Lake Ontario ^ there being at pre- sent comparatively few boats running on that line, while on the contrary, the number of boats on the Erie casalt keep alive a competition,, which render their charges low, and in most instances you may contrive to pass your lug- ^^^agefree of any charge: unless it is very bulky thore is seldom, any notice taken, and in that 'iase the charge is very trnfting; unmpetition>, d in most your lug- ^rery bulky nd in that $Br all the ommend a se yessels*, elded pre- t, or pas- veitlsedy |ut to^ea: ngaged to ips are al- r Captains, be charge for wLidi fuel, and family «r ia party are about to sail together, it i« best to have an intervievr with the Captain, who you will generally find on board ; when yon will have an opportunity of seeing the vessel, and making your bargain with him, which in all cases iB a decided advantage. •^^' ^And now having made your arrangements with the Captain, you may proceed to getting your luggage on board, taking care to secure all well previous to sailing, electing an^ >ther- wisd, that they may not be tumbled from side (^ side, by tfke rolling and pitching of the vessel.^. You must also remember to k«ep such boxes as ^, you may have occasion frequently to open, ink^ the most convenient place for that ;purpose»e^^ this will save much confusion when on board»^v A few nails to hang up some of your small ar*^ tides will be found very useful. Your cooking gear may consist of the fol-^' lowing : frying-pan, pot, or saucepan, tea kettle I a tin baking dish or two, with wooden bowls and trenchers, tin drinking cups, tin slop pail, \ifttny children, — a lantern. The worst clothes you have will be good kough, E jacket and trowsers are best suited %' '■"^mfT'^^immmmm mmmm> 30 EMIGRANTS to the purpose, check shirts if you have them, if not the >yorst you have will ansv?er; clean- liness l)eing all that is necessary, and that is indispensable. e.^, . , . And now having given you all (fie neces- sary precaution, and having conducted you safe on board, — conceiving that I can be of no further service for the present,-^being at best but a very indifferent nurse, I will take my leave, wishing you health and happiness ; and a pleasant passage across the Atlantic^ when I will be ready to receive you, to conduct you to the promised land. INFORMANT^ 3il ■C W*^^^HsW^tt^.|2HAPTER III . :' ; .|.| , •' By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down, yea, - *^' We wept, when we remembered Ziou, ff We faani^ed onr harps upon the willows in the midst - - thereof." . ■ ■ ' im There is a melancholy in the retrospect of happy by- gone days/ and scenes of felicity that have for ever passed away ; which those who have never experienced, are but little cal- culated to describe. When we glance at that country we have just quitted, that spot of . earth, which still contains, many that are most dear to us ; on whom we may never expect to }ook again with the eye of mortality I When we turn our thoughts to the land of our nativity; the place wherein we first saw the light, and where our infancy was reared ; where our child- ' hood sported, and tender youth grew into manhood; where all our dearest connections were formed!^ The well-known fields and mountains, the glassy brook, and long-remem- ber^d oak, whose branches have so often shel- tered us from Moontide heat; — the villajjc bells, * 1 s 1 |H ; ! 1 * %V « \m 1 ! H , mi. 1 JHinCRAKi^ s ' *he ivy mantled tower of the long frequented dis- tant church :—iD^n th& imagination turns to trace those scenes of departed joy ;— when we were young, and fond images of bliss, floated be- fore u$; wi|h many a bright hope of happy days to come ; — the remembrance of whicih, awakens sensations of such exquisite melancholy, that nature melts within us ! . But as it IS our lot, let, us rejoice m the goodness of the Creator, Who orders all things for the wisest ends : who would never separate ns,, if it were good that we ^ould remain to- getlier ; e^nd while we regret the absence of our relations and friends, let us remember that we have a*£riend, wlio will dwell with us, and sup- j^Wi ud under evei'y diffictilty that inay encom- ^^ss us 1 hkft VLS remember that a teAm and toiit^fiti^ miii^, and a placid resignation to the %itl;df IteiVen, is best calctiiated to soften our 'littliciibns, and is the best thanks we can offer ^0 bul' Creator, for preserving us in the hour ioifdaiij^^r! -m JPf§ l>p|tiCj»nt^nve to loY« oar ii^tiye country, j|A 4he ni^vie a^d guairdian of onr eady year^ ! ^^u| il«i necessary that our steady attemion Ww^^fTfVm^ mm mmmmmmm INFORftfAHT. m should now be t«nled to liie. undeiitalang we bave emibarked in. So afber giteetinj^ y^cMt on your happy aAdvaL we will proceed to tosincsMl* ^' Being once more on terra-finna, y^n must look well toyOurluggage,asyou willbe beset on all sides with cads of every description, offering; their services ; some will kindly undertake the charge of your baggage, others are for convey- ing it away, some will be for engaging you at once with a steamer to Albany ; or sending yoii pel-mell to Philadelphia, Washington, or New Orleans, and not a few you wiH find, tendering their escort to a " tavern,** or pointing out the best lodgings. As there will necessarily be some little detention in getting clear of the Custom- House, you may after refreshing yourselves, employ your leisure, in taking a peep at the grand Emporium of the Uniied States. ''"} New York, from its local advantages is evidently well situated : and from its extensive commercial intercourses, and the enterprising spirit of the inhabitants ; is likely at no very distant period to become one of the finest CitNss in the World. The houses are generally wdl ■ t . If M VI ft 94 RRWORANTS 4Nnltofbdck, with Veiietiaii blincls outside tHe ^miidows* Many of the large hooMS and public .boildings, are of native, or Italian marble. The streets are very wide, and for the most part planted with a row of trees on each side at the edge of the road ; the hotels and taverns are chiefly of the very first order ; the markets are good, and well supplied with poultry, fruits, and luxuries of all kinds : and every article necessary for the table. The churches are nu- merous, handsome, and well attended : an evi- dence that there is no necessity for supporting "^religion by acts of parliament, but that it pros- pers most when left to its own resources. Evils existing in the Church of England are wholly unknown to her daughter here. tvb^ Carpenters, brick-makers, and bricklayers, I think would generally find employment here, as during the summer, building is carried on to a very great extent : — rents are immensely high. .^,, New York, being open at all times to thjB dea, and being situated on an island, with the Hudson River on one side, and East River on tli0 other : where vessels can with fieicility dis- \^, ^ i* INPORMAMT. 35 charge, or take in cargo, — cannot fail to be of the greatest consequence to the shipping in- terest : and being at the confluence of the Hud- son, and several other rivers ; it is certain of maintaining an extensive and increasing inter- nal navigation. «, :i Having now seen all that is worthy of ob- servation here, without stopping to spend your money in places of amusement, you may put yourself on board the first steamer for Albany, distance 150 miles, tee fare one dollar, children half price, if a party are going together you may make a bargain (in all probability) for less, — but in such case you bad better have a written agreement: — take with you provisions for twenty-four hours. "^'^ ^' ** The North river, or Hudson, is a noliile stream running in a straight line, with the Palisades (as they are called,) on the left, which is a ridge of perpendicular mountains, rising to the height of 150 to 500 feet, above the level of the river; whose summits are covered with dense forests, occasionally relieved \)y openings, that discover streams down which immense quantity of timber is floated from the interior woods. This ridge of mountains ) ■in n ,i .* Ib»: -sr BMIGRANT-S\ I Stretching along the side of the river, for a dis^ tance of 30 miles, forms an interesting contrast to the more lowly and picturesque appearance exhibited on the opposite banks As you ad- vance, the scenery becomes exceedingly beau- tiful, the bold and diversified appearance of the mountains ; the lofty summits of which, some rearing their gigantic heads to the height of 1500 feet, above the level of the water ; whose gracefully rounded summits, seem to vie in fer- tility, with the vallies beneath : the delightful meanderingof the stream, with towns, villages, and. houses, springing up in every direction. The distant woodland scenery ; with the grace- ful slopes of the intersecting pastures, and herds feeding ; aided by the glowing brightness of a serene atmosphere, present at once to the sense of vision, a most pleasing and magnifi- centfspectacle. The Katskill mountains, are the most remarkable, forming a sublime ap- pearance ; with the clouds floating on the bosom of the gentle breezes, far below their majestic extremities. Fifty miles from New York, is West Point ; where Major Andr^ was executed during the revolutionary war. A military coU lege is erected here, said to be the best in tlie ntai IN FOUMART. m. Union ; the annual cost is about 2600/. there are also some remains of small forts to be seen on the banks of the river ; and especially on the iippc]^ shores. j^y In the highlands of the Hudson, there are occasionally rocks of a more rude appearance to be seen ; whose sterile tops present them- selves to the eye of the traveller, above the in- termingled branches that surround them. f-.tr Pine Orchard House on the Katskill moun- tains, at an>ekvation of 2600 feet above the level pf theriver beloiw, is wosthy. the attention of the traiveller^ and is near the village of Katskill; which is a very respectable little place, conr taining many smartshopsyseveral good taverns, two Itnrge churches, and various other builds in|pi<; occupying, a spacious stveet; with coaches and other vehicles, and all the dashing and )iv^y appearance of a large cityi although ^thin the comparative compass of a nut shelK MountaiD >Mouse is likewise a very superb hotel upon another eminence of the same moun* tains ; thirteen miles from Katskill town, and thirty from 4^1bwy> As the following interesting particulars may not be unacceptable to my reader, which I a^ RMIGKANT S extract from the notes of Nathaniel Gould, £sq% of London, I will take the liberty of furnishing thera here. '*> " I obtained a carriage and an exdlBllent pair of horses to proceed to the Mountain House, called thirteen miles, for one dollar and a quarter, being the regular stage fare ; I vrkd the only passenger in the boat, that stopped here, and the proceeding boat had filled tvio coaches with parties proceeding to the Hotel. For four or six miles the country undulates—^ much as in Sussex, which it partly resembles^ from th« young growth of timber, where left uncleared, being like hop*pole plantations. At seven miles we come to the half-way -house, and here begins a most severe ascent.- We had overtaken the othc^r coaches, and most of us got out to walk. For my^f, I walked all the remaining distance. The road> though extremely bad, must have been an expensive undertaking to the owner of the house* It is through a pine forest, the land not worth a gift. Here, for the first time, I saw what has since been common enough vtith me — a sample fif cordt^roy road^ 1 1 is made pf trunks ;of trees laid closely together across the road ; it is the JNf^^jll^DIT. «> jcommoii mode of making roads tlii:ough swamps or wet forests in A^euGa, Canada/ and Rus- sia, in fact, in all new and woody countries. The dai;kness had gathered upon us, ^nd I was so exhausted witfi fatigue tK^t I found myself :Ior>e. The wopd-rohin, with a tone like the blackbird, i^nd thie *' i/ohvp-poor-yoilV* were very nui^oerous : the 1^1;ter ^ppe^rs ^o be a secies of go^t-sucker, pi^t;-^aw;k, or fern owl. We p^s^ed too sni^^n 19.^^3, whei^ Iji^e J)ullifi;Qgs ^rq](e,the ^tUI^e^s.pf the ^lght. We awypd \(xf^ beifprie (tb^e Larrii^es, and -made ^f^rselvjep ,^*^s a v^Y^.pf^^eiS^nrisjng.frpm j(|^s f^^i- flqnc^e.^sjwncingtbe prjij^ip^l qjpjcjcts 9f,9^ri9^ty l^re, we got tp Ijed^jvs ;^PQn fts ^po^iJJJ^e. ifi© aiiKhole bo^^^l|i yva^ s^ifjfigJ^P^re thKee^jO'^l^cjtj l^pt ^ 4ense fog ,oJ?pci|^fd .qyery ,^b\n«' WiP loQ^ed 4ci|wn .upqn ja ^ea pf c^oiids, ji^yjU^g pr^- ^^^y \\xQ {^ppeariipce desqribqd bj ;BaUp^n ^^\;el)6is, ai^d aU^QU^b ,it was perfectly ^fine dfMuagj^he day w|tJl:^s, ^^e (Ji^ W^^^.^^P the ^^\\^y» or the ,riy^, till six in the ijyeniug, ^bpn ,a small ,pa,tch (Vvas yisi(]|^e ; we, ^fte^vy^^rfs (qund that the jiaiy .h^ad b^en* clear belpw .us, ft}%H^ I 'S¥ ( P|o»4 ted [ ]9^^P^ ^^yf^AW' i G ' In i M ♦-..ii'ti.vi 40 EMIGRANTS Vras surprised here at seeing lightning proceed out of a light fleecy cloud. This house has been built by a company to attract visitors ; it is very large, and built with great show ; it had last season between 400 and 500 visitors at one time ; the expence of the building, (although it is all of wood, and cut on the spot), and the road to it, must have been great ; the Landlord tells me not more than 80,000 dollars, or under 7,000/. Both House and country, are well worth visiting, — the situation romantic — placed on the edge of a table rock, 2,580 feet above the river, surrounded with mountains covered with pine forests, and intersected by tremen- dous ravines ; it is kept by Mr. Webb, an Englishman, of pleasing manners, and attentive to his guests. It is said that Roo nd-top, the most elevated situation in the neighbourhood, is 3,700 feet above the level of the sea, but I should much doubt this. Waggons were hired for the ladies, & the gentlemen walked through the '3od to the Falls, or Cascades; the sce- ijcry is very picturesque, in style more like the Fails of Fyers, in Scotland, than any others I have seen; the first Fall is 176 feet, the seoond 80, after which is a continuation of ■ ' ."."jjaaagiaouiJ^aL. V INFORMANT. 41 le I'd Falls and Rapids, for a considerable distance. Immense masses of shelving rock, over-hang the abyss ; I threw myself on one of them, as Col- lins's description of danger occured to lue— if J* n n ■< ** Or throws him on the shelving it^p^'^^ii^^j'-j.^j^ Of some huge hanK'ng rocl( to sleep." If- |t The superstratum is of a much harder nature than the under which is continually mouldering away, leaving the surface rock overhanging to a great distance ; this is the case at most of the great Falls in America, and Canada, so that the shute of water may be passed behind. The quantity of water here, would be insignificant, were it not that a man who has erected a small house, with refresh- ments for visitors, confines it by a dam, which he opens, and lets down water in sufiicient quantity when he is paid. We went to the bottom and stood on what is called " Rip Van Winkle's Stone," whilst the dam was opened ; we afterwards went behind the water, — the etfects of the cold air rushing against the face and breast is curious, and is the same in a less degree, as that produced at the Falls of Magara. , S':t m I2 ^ii^tMWB ►^; "the gtii(te AM d ^Hh tfej^ktkJy ; thfe re- verberation Was graiid. CdHj^et lit td^ rioVeis &as occasMatly dttiid | cost 16 dollars. He says, "he is sure of a Buck at a huhcirecl y^i^ds :" it ptits m^ at tHiiiii iil i^d of the ^' long Cairabiiie," in Cbopfer^s ridvel. the whole of this is originkl forest, hot \^di' to exhibit such con^ firmed mosses ^ the Old World. The strong antice^tic quality of moss- water does not exist, thotigh the Colour is nearly the same. I well remember a feiV Uiiles from Killin, in Perth- shire, in Scotland, the commencemei]tt of a moss in a similar manner. When at Dunkeld, the head fbrester of the Duke of Athoi mentioned to me a tradition th^t the Romans had burned the forests when they could advance no further; the appearance of fire is certainly not uafr^- quent in the trees dug out of the bogs,'* < m^50tb i^tyi^etin height I'heliyfy^^^ ^liote brefi^tli' of the Wfer, rushes with amar zing impetuosity oVer a curved decUvi'tyi of-^OL^, or 70 feet. At a short distance from hence, tha^ £rie Idaiial is carried tiyaii aaueauct qi 7^8 feet, ^^ over the.nver, , ^ .,^. : , r - rr » r J^ear Troy^ is situated the jqelebr^ated vil-, lage of Shakers, called Niskuyana.: tbi& Ls an r extremely neat village, atnd the inembers are ,a~ very industrious people perfoi^niing every office ^^ of nandicraft for the supply oJF their own wants 4 Within them^lves; they are also celebrated ,j ^arden^rs ; ' their seeds are so liigh in rejpute«\ ^ liiiat ybii coinmonly see placarded in uie shop. ** Shaker* 9 seeds solijl here" The society has .., been in existence about 40 years, and consist of ., between 400 to 500 members : they hold their If^ijC^IUNt's ^/ i% ^ tl^ PJ?oppJrt>| to ^)>(p fcwn^ft atocM) rf W^iPV^^' H^ ^ ^^^h '^WPhL WJ^8 It wU)p J^^e.ljJi^^pl^^ a^ ^^?i9ith^ town* c^e^ W Wte- h,^.; ftofl^ i»ff?^ 15^ wy P^*H»(b4 *>y i^t^a^ter, ^p iyi9qfij4(^rs?gQ, 9^,, to. ^^ levers, 5^C %^^^t4 be%t^f , ' P^l* ?«PWDWi^^ tl^^ ui,k^ig t^ 4it£^ ^rom Sandy-failly before-mentilonedx tQ StesuDMr ^ir^ and th^noe dowA J^^^i^^^ ^ B|irli«HStqii %?',r^^, !^^'?S!,%^ Wy ^ conveyed by ^oach io Boston €ity on' the American coast ; or. to, the British, provinoe of LoWer Canada; but' a3 u It toe inteiatiOn of my tra,yeller to IJLC kl *'.i roceed^ io the npper provtnce, we wiU letnm it !9^ce to Dead.qu8qrters. ' Altiaii'y/ ^roiii| t^e cpiistant ingreai^ an^ eipe^ <|r'1^tiyeuers> pvoceedibg: in all ^rectipns, ika ^cene of contiimed oustle. In addition to. the ^tei^ a||d to^ ^>kts that arp continually i|nri- i^ii|^ ah4^epar;ii|ig« thei;e a^re Cpache^ irpni^ing; in all c^rections, ao that the traveller has at a^ din^,— 01" at leant during the luunmer «ea- H IMPOftiiANT. 49 ■I -son, an op|iertiiBity 6f copguUln^ihis Inclination , fj or bis {Hifse, as to tlie course lie ikiay' be i(i- pliaed to (niraue. .^i.-; «-i>>^H» Hft?<»'ihHisir •»*♦» u\ty Many o£thb oldefit ibbftbitants of Albany, , aro td«seeiidaiiits oC OuUih families^ ainl in tbe ^^towu are sofoo remains of Dutch buildings ; gjiere is also a large fur-cap manufactory) whicb ^jemploys a great number of females, at from ^^„.to ^igbt dollars a wecjk. Here, as in ^,^ost of the large towns of the States, is ^ prp vapl- >ing custom among .t|ie trades- peopl|e, and others ^iresident in the town, of ^inini: at the I'avern, ulroffl which oustom the ladies are by no me^ins «exempt; the dinner hoiir is generally oHe ^ »'clock^ and is annoiinced by tile ringing ol' a , bell, sometbiiig lik<^ the custom Inimany of onr ^small towns in fingland, on a market day ; \o tlisgenibl« tbd fatt^Mtoto thfe fkarHt fdide.'-lii " an instatit ytm #B1 find them ass^tnbHag Ax]«n #?all direl^oml^ ifcnd witli a mii0ciii qiiicktiess, rahdt woiild timnA you slh)tig1y Of th« wand bf ?hn Eiid, or a Bo%ntt,' the 6€nfn|jatiy iii^^iialM ^Ho dftaner^ the ladito gleii^r^ny gron^hj^ th^- Vit^fltes ^i Ohe ehd of ib^ tHf^ : tb^ Ope^at'ibn of ^'dis^ectioil itniiiediaif^iy cdbiiN *lyf > the' tabfe. ' The ceremony of dining is' dispfttched with that sort of celerity, so familiar to cofeich travellers ^'In England, where twenty minutes is the time '^al]o\«edfor cfevourtn^ that, for which the modest Landlord will, in some Instancesj do you: the ^Javour to p«t down the maderttte sum of Os. t\includinf one Brandy^botiom^ wfaen^ the well- ^'kDOWBSoi|itd>of theibugle^ aecomi>anied by the '^^amiliar words of the coach is waiting gentlemen li breaks upon the ear of fihoitpanic stricken > cor- *i onoraBt, jttsjtj a& heis abauttoi ts^ioa clean plate ( 'for a: slioeificom the d^ioatQ toast of la fine roas- i ted IXHirkey^ -% ^ 1!he i Ameiric^ei : ,sc^in t^e up iiiQuch timeiatthei^ m^l%$itt)v#y/ ^t/qnkikly* m^ .: generally rise Irom ijm Aat^lit^ iftH#P .»«|* >'^ . <;■» la the American Taverns is one hirrg» i^ootti for the use of persons of all deuomihIitionB, '^wishing to '* take m drink" or to which yoa bare free liberty of access, supposing you to possess i^o inclihation of the before-mentioned, kind; "Jiere you will find them pacing up and down, ,coti verging on polities, and tfail» yafions topks. 'Oftha day, or engaged in biti^iaess transactions, Mnokittg cigai's^ and $pittiMff in all directions, -some ydti will find *< taking a eitetek^ «pon the lMinch«is, arid not H fbW fueling back In their %h^ with tfaeifr fbet placed ''^AN^wnif^^'* against the Witll, or stitdt np against the diiinBey-(piecd» W^iij^ik the hobs; till iti some instances they littHi their btyotd. H ^'' lltci dress of the Americaii Citiisens eHft^l- 'i^y the Lftdies; \^ generalty ^f, irantiiig that ti^theiss which dittracti^rizes the Ladies 6f \fiM^- ^iand ; there is an assimilaf ioil in dressi and fo ^ great extent in manners with the Frem^ Nii- li. IBTVORMAWT. 58 «^«ibarrassin(iiijt \. MiiBVfi is UQfcnpwn, to tbem., The^ IMrefor tt^ «^Q9t p^ lAtelUgent^ ajid Are ijuq^h ipfnoKt cpuversant with out Autluirs, a^4 ^ur i^MUpfl^ ^tMpt the mi^onty pf Qtir own j^ple,, a|^4 wcp, ci^pable of holcjing up a cornier ui cqii«» T^rsatipn on. any suhjjeot. It i^ aaid by soi^e tir^yel^ra th^t ihey are contipually tauiij^g; lii^ En^l^h with their sni^rior prQwe39^ in ih^ late war; this | cannot subscribe to, beyoii4 the admissioii th^t they sometimes talk a little. A>fi|l <^n the ipenitipn of the Shai^non, and the i^^sapeaJce. , Npt a f«w tri^yelljers afsert their antipathy to' the Englisl^;, tp this I. answer* t^at if' there is ^ny disHk^e, it mij^st be to th9 i^ii^^sb Goyernment, a^id, not to the people : «iala I am not awii^re that thet BntisH Gp^ern^ dieitt, in any of their ^/orM^r actsi di j apy thio^' i6 win the affections of th^ Ainerican peppl^ The geneiraillity of the Americaps ia this ijartoi the Utik>n, appear to be well satisfied if^ith their Goy^rmneiit, althoqgp it is not by isinj lii^ans the case in the southern states. TUi' Americans are Very communieative, ask many^ quiojitioas, and seem peculiarly interested in the^ sfiairs of the English; and I may add^ in tfi^' ■il I ■CBSMRnSi mmm M EMf«irAN'r*6' Englfeii themselves"; aArf llJ^' liad(6s a^^Curfoiis iii thte' ^jttreme,in exainining the di^esses 6f their «k^tertt' Visitors i aiid Willloot at them wit6 ai^ liitifch' surprise, and seeming admiiratioii/'as If re^enib^r t6 hare seten depidt^dl ofi ihimcesot th^ two young ladies, (in the tnusibail- ehtertsiih- meiit of Brother and Sisi:<6r, pcrfbrmed twenty yi^yi^ ago, at Covent Gardfen Theaire),. whj> tad fiettr seen B. raan/and cotild noi for the life ' of them think what sort of a cuHous , crea- ture he could be. And who, when tilery saw hirn^ were, as might have been expected, nvetted to the ground in adoration, and stood gazing with ^ ^ ' ' * ' ' M ft meffahh transport, like Venus, when Bhe ^a^. Adonis. A fr.iend of mine informs me that, on- t)ne occasion, whilst he was staying at Qn6 (^1 the Hotels in Utica,: an American Isidy who had arrived there, on heann^ that ther^ wa^s sif^. ^englishman in the house, wopid p9^tiyely np^ rest, but insisted upon seeing him ; and ;u]tir| mately sent her copipliment^^ saving—p^ ^^^^, W;isl^d to speak with him: this ofcoi|pe wa$^^ readily compiled with, he was ushered into hefi p|•ese^ce, andit proved, as no douftt you hav'i^ already antkipatedy to be nothing more or lesA^ than absolute curiosity,- she had never seen INFORMANT, m an Englishmany and lik^d'the fair se.'k in general^ was determined to be gratified " at any rate ;*' — I should have premised that my friend is no chicken ; — he adds that he fonnd her ** all that the heart wishes, or the eye looks for in wo* man" — she was a very pleasant, well informed personage ; and he afterwards spent much time in her society. ' - • „ •' •- We will now wali- into the market, to as- certain the price of farming produce, and other articles. — Flour 6 dollars per barrel, '2 cwt. in barrel. Pork, 5 dollars per ctrt. Beef, 5 dol- lars per cwt. Indian meal, IJ dollar per cwt. Potatoes, 25 Cents per bushel. Fowls, 8 for a dollar. Pigs, I dollar each. A good Sow, 5 dollars. Cow, 15 dollars, Yoke of Steers, 40 dollars. Horses from 50 to 70 dollars. All these are cheaper in the country. Having seen all that is worthy of obser- vation in Albany and its surrounding neigh- bourhood, we will now proceed on the journey. The next town we come to, is Schenectada, sixteen miles from Albany, on the direct line, but nearly thirty by the junction of the Hud- son and the Erie Canal ; this is a very good town ; it contains a seminary, called Union Col- i . 'y- iii ^■ "•■^ ■M 56 EM le rant's f '^ lige, and »boiit 7000 itihaliitaiits ; provisions are cheaper here than in Albany. There 19 a rail- road» from Albany to this town , m which Steam Coaches travel the distance in less than an hour and a quarter. I perceive I omitted to state, that the mode of travelling from Al- bany to Buffaloe, the route we are now on, is generally by tow boats the whole distance ; the fare one cent per mile, the distance 860 miles. These tow boats are 11 feet wide, by 60 in length, in the fore part of the boat, is a cabin, 13 feet by 10, and a ladies' cabin 6 feet by 10. In the men's cabin, they make up 4 double, and 8 single beds. In the ladies' cabin they accom- modate 10 persons with sleeping berths. The centre of the boat, is occupied with freight, the ptorn is at once the dining room, and serves also for a sleeping room for the captain and men, andoccasior lly for passengers also. For these boats you must make your bargain with the owner, or the captain, as any arrangement made with the runners (cads) will not be bind- ing, there are different lines of boats, one of the best lines is Savage and Co. These boats take seven, or eight days od the passage ; provisions may be had on board, at about 18 cents per meal, but the cheapest plan will be to purchase INFORMANT. 57 your own provisions, which you may do at any of the towns as you pass along. The country through which we At^ now passing, is called the Mohawk flats: and is some of ike finest land in the Union. The far- me?? m ^onerd!, are Dutch settlers, carelUl industrious people, who are growing into riches evtr^ day. The scenery here, presents all the apptiar jince oi a fast improving country. Th« numerous scattered dwellings, with newly formftfl villages, mills, churches, bridges, and aqueduotfl, all present themselves in such rapid succession to the eye of the astonished t; aveller, that he is almost induced to believe himseM* under the influence of enchantment:— or like Mackbeth, in the dagger scene, is more than half disposed to imagine the whole to be the were illusions of fancy. We pass Port Plain, and proceed on to Utica, a distance of ©4 miles from Schcnectada, which a few years ante- rior was a perfect wilderness. ' ^' ^ ' ■• i ! Utica, is a large, handsome, well-buUt town ; with a population of 7,000 ; it contains several churches with spires- and other places of woisbip ; the houses are liWge, chietiy fi'a,me burliliuijs, but .soaic oi" brick. This is ii Yankcy m * <,J«l»^ Vf J ■ -~il~i'^^7Xif'?t' m Ml, liq|ii|l.ll|Wl I BMIGRANT'S; 5 & I ■^ Town in all its sublimity ; they are all "gaes- sers" and ** calculators/' they are in fact, all. that genuine sample of American spiightliness, ^ tha$ Mathews in his ''(rip to America" so ^ happily portrayed. They are great speculators^ but never put in practice any thing, untill they are well satisfied in the prospect of the future ^ success. There is one very remarkable trait^y in the American, — he is never discouraged by^ losses.-- This I think well worthy the attention ^- of some of our English — would 6«, — money get^ ,*' ting men 1 Disappointed in one speculation he v*^ is instantly planing anew* The American!; appears to have taken this view of the matter,— ^' if a man tumbles it is better that he should get up again, shake his feathers, and proceed on bis journey. In fine> I think it is not easy to conceive the existence of a more easy, couten- ted> and happy people than the Americans. Near this town is the Tr nton Falls, which are beautifully romantic ; and invite the atten tion of the curious tourist, who possesses leisure^ and a relish for contemplating nature in all its lovely variety. On the left of Utica, are the towns of Anandago, Brutus, Auburn, and Ge* neva, through which by a circuitous route, (the «WPPWPW!»fi»fP^iilw>^ippi^ippPi|pi^sr«F- INFOR^fANT. 5» traveller who is desirous of seeing a country passing through the various stages of improve- ment from the wild forest scenery, to cultiva- ted fields, with houses and villages, springing up in every direction), may proceed by coach to the town of Rochester, of which, I shall pre- sently have occasion to speak. Passing along the canal from Utica, you have the little town of Rome on yuur right, situated on the banks of the Mohawk ; and farther on is Salina, the famous salt works ; this salt sells for Is. 2d. per bushel, a great quantity of which finds a ready market in Canada. Here is also the Orneida lake, a small lake running in a continuation with the Mohawk, and uniting with the Osw»go» which communicates with lake Ontario, at fort Oswegc^ also the Oswego canal, which forms a water communication between the Erie canal, and lake Ontario, passing very near the salt works, by which route, goods or passengers may readily be conveyed to Kingston, Sackets Harbour, and thence to any part of Lower Ca- nada. At Auburn is the State Prison, a large buildin^r covering five acres of ground, where pris«Niers are kept in solitary confinement ; they are krttt at work during the day, and although ii h HP! 60 emigrant's I ?! ili sight of eacTi other j are riot alloweS to spealk ; aiid at night they are confined, each in a sepa- rate cell, seven feet by three and a half wide. None are allowed the ^onowrol' becoming resi- dents within these walls for a less term, than three years and a day ; many are fbr life. 1 perceive I have omitted to mention ©ne of these Penitentiaries, situated at Sing, £ing, which the traveller passes on his journey ^V^m New York to Albany, at a cUsfancie of thirty miles fVom the fonner place; a very par- ticular account of which will be found in Capt. "ftasil Hall's travels, \Vho visited the prison in 1827, prior to its completion. In proceeding from hence to Geneva, you cross the beautiful lake of Cayiigua, a sheet of water, fbrty miles long ; (the passage is over a %ooden bridge one mile and a quarter in length) 'drid aflerwards arrive at the Seneca FalU, qji the lake of Seneca, thence througik the little village of Waterloo, you presently' arrive at tl^e "before-mendoned pretty little town of Gen^vQ.; which is tJelightfuUy situated in the midst of tte Genessee country. The sireet«5 here are Woad, and the houses possessing that simple — eottagellkc appearance, so i'auiiliar to the eye IHPORMANT. 61 of an Englishman ; intersected with many fine gardens, displaying their smiling fertility, — the numerous gay flowers, and a diversity of flower- ing shrubs, render it a most charming picture. Canandaigua is a delightfully romantic situation, at a short distance from Geneva as you pass to Rochester, and twenty-nine miles distant from the latter; this town is seated upon a graceful slope terminated at the lower extremity) by a most enchanting lake of several miles in circumference, studded with neat cM- tages, and the back scenery heightened by an encompassment of rich forest. The town is one broad street, of a mile in length, with two rows of poplars on each side. It contains above 2,000 inhabitants, and has a beautiful church at one end of the town, with other public buildings. At a short distance firom hence, is ilristol, at which place is. a jreat natural curiosity, called the burning spring. This phenomiiion is a carburetted hydrogen, that rises from the banks of a yalley, through which, a rill of lim* pid water is constantly playing over a series of gentle falls, formed by an horizontal strata of time stone* By holding a candle to the gas. I li II Ik Mliii 62 fiMItS RANTS I I ixrliich escapes frdM'i range of imperceptable apertures, extending many yards along the hanks; you have a line of as brilliant lights as any that adorn the purlieus of the Mansion House, or Saint Pauls. i'i Returning to Utica, where I left my party of poor emigrants, and proceeding by the before- mentioned route of the Erie canal, you next come to Siracus<*-, a handsome thriving town, containing more than 3,000 inhabitants, with yery many first rate stores, and elegant hotels, two fine large churches, and numerous other buildings. This town in 1820 consisted of a mill, and two houses, one of which was a tavern. They are now able to support a weekly newspaper. Tb§ country here is flat and uninteresting^ Proceeding along the Erie to Rochester, we have lal^e Ontario from 12^^4o 14 miles, on our right ; and Port Glasgow lying in a bay which runs into the shore for a considerable distance, in a direction toward the canal. And Troupsvill near the mouth of the bay. Farther up is Pult- neyvill, on the lake also. ..x^ijiji ^ •^ We now come to Rochester, (through which iAiQ canal passes), a large commercial town on theGei distant «ing the im Upper ries of to the up the o| the iaking vantag insure New vinces oount, tioned mills; fail in tance. ter, tl ihr«9»: thf> fi years ^^ot l.c of sis INFORMANT. 68 the Genesee river, near some extensWe falla: distant from Albany 260 miles. Thissurpri- 43ing town, owes its rapid rise partly to the immense trafic by the Erie, to, and from Upper Canada, Ohio, and the western territo- ries of the Union ; and partly to its proximity to the Ontario, from which < sloops can proceed^ up the Genesee, to within two miles and a half ot the town, for the parpose of unlading, or> taking in cargo, these are of incalculable ad- vantag;e to the town ; as by them, it wilLalways Insure a cheap water conveyance^ to Albany, or New York; or to any part of the British pro- vinces; especially when we take into the ao- eount, that the falls which I have just men- tioned enables them to drive a number of flour mills ; and various i^tber machinery, it cannot fail in becoming a town of very great impor- tance. It is a remarkable fact;, that in Roches- ter, there is not an individual over twenty- tbrc^t years old» that is a native of the place; th^ tjp»t child bom in the town was in 1810. This wonderful improving town, that a few years ago rose up out of the wilderness; and m9t iqng siii^ce possessed only one, or two soli- tfi^ry houses, is now in possession of upwards of sixteen thousand inhabitants. The canal is K (I I i 6II<'^ lUWIGRANT.^* carilM civ«r the GenoMe^ . on a stone aqoodtct, - 8^ feet ki Uhgth, supported by 10 arches. The Clival Here* is 370 £pet above lako Ontario, and 64 fedt below laJke Erie; (ho river is about 400 feet wide> add suppUeil through canals from Ihe high level, about S0,000 cubic feet of water per minute, the bold cliffs^ together with the ^ater fdlls, and the surrounding forest scenery, iVAder the town of Rochester almost an envia* atile itituatkMi* <'tAm KI (i fphe country between Rochester and Lode- port iMikh tMsch settled) being a very wet aguish cotnitrj^4 ^TheiteareiMnyadvoitiseiuenti^ for the sftl^iof the land hero/ upon very «asy terms ; Imt I wotill iiot advise any of my count' > tr^eri to s'peeulate, as in that ease they inight ftMii disposed to ohai?ge their «npleasantri^ to dk^i^Mt. i m Mi lioc^port is a town of %ttSiilcfSd, ulid f^m it!l loetd advakli^es/ is Ukely to be^rome m plaee^f^onieiM^ortance. Tben^mbel^^fl^cks ondt^B £iie'1s'BB;''eAdhoftli^9d^ft»et )^ti|r,tly 15 wMet i^iak df thiiil rii^ilf the Ii#g9ltt>f 6# to 80 ft^: ^ XM^^ dtb going ^^eef to 6tiifol<]^; therii is ^ft totittt by Md bi^tch^Mdg' Y6 theleitifroM ttocbtest^, ^hrdttgh Batavia, aai<^ .J>A£3 3iii' .trnKllChihli \ iU m>: Ju ^ bmA INPQRNAMT* ^ tli«r min^ town» hy which tboy may arrive i)aicker than hy oontmuing oo the canal t9 Lockport. ifli i« /ii«tT^,i'ja-Lu) »j5ij{iji!l ,todliv'r ti The Erie canal 860 miles in length, wa« commenced on the 4th July, 1817, and Com- l^eted ' in the year of 1825, at an expenae of 7«000;000 dollars, this sum was contributed ex- dusively by the State of New York. There are eighteen Aquiducts ; and (he width vi' the caiial is 40 feet on the surfa '^. t " Those wr»o purpose going to York, the Capital of Upper Canada, may pr^>ceed from hence to Young's Town, the distance is 21 miles, for which it will be necessary to hire a waggon to convey the luggage, also the women and children ; the charge for which will be about three doUai^, they will then cross the river to Niagara, vi*jid' which place the steamer runs daily to YortC, ^mssage one dollar. Also (lerikons wishing to j^^ceed to Goderich, Guelpb, or any of the settlements on that line, will find water conveyance from Young's fl'own, or Nia- gara, to the head of Burlington Bay, from whence they may proceed hy lan4 through the village of Dundas, direct to any of the Canada Company's lands* .Tho|e ; who iut^pd tq Ip^atP |i < i' \U IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) .^, O '^^* '■ #>^- %° 1.0 I.I to ■ m III u 14.0 I 22 2.0 !L25 i 1.4 I 1.6 Sciences Corporatton 23 WBT MAIN STRHT WIBSTM,N.Y. t4SI0 (716)S72-4S03 ^ '^ <> ' L^ I BS 6(^ EMfORANT'6 themselves on Lake Simcoe^ must go by ToiIl direct. Those who ai^ proceeding' to Fort Talbot, Kettle Creek, or any of the settlemeati on the Erie Canal ; will of coarse continue on to Black Rock, which is two miles on this side of Bnffaloe, and at which, there is a ferry over to the CauttuiaiA side; charge 1^ Ihd.; or yon may proceed direct by water, from Buffaloe to any i^rt on the shore of Lake Erie. » Buffaloe was reduced to ashes by the Bri- tish during the late struggle with the Americans, but is now re-built, and has become a very bustling town, and cannot fail of arriving at great importance ; being situated at the lower extremity of Lake ^rie, at is of course the great shipping port for the Western States, and also for the Western Districts of Upper Canada*, I will now lay before you the arrangements which the Canada Company have made for the purpose of promoting the interest and comfort of the emigrant; and facilitating his convey- ance to the HURON TERRITORY. i • ! • Two good covered Stage Wagons, with Teams of good Horses each, ai« to be con- stantly kept travelling between Hamilton, at t>» «WMiittfifey ii W !-LL^ ' . ■' .:. ' .. ' "' .a 07 the Hi6ad of LaiieOntario> and tliroiigh Wilmot ta Goderich in the Huron Territory, at the foUomng moderate rates of conveyance:-- j.v^ each adult one dollar and a half, "7 ""* ' '\ .M "'^'' From the Wilmot line t(i' Gddeirich the same charge .'iJiU'H' ' iu\ iu mil N iiiU if io'i%<' And for children in proportion. ^^ The carriage of luggage from Hamilton to the Wilmot line^ will be 1} dollar per Cwt. <» miff mammniJ 10 ooiiamoyflo » arit sol lniA-:->i same charge. From the Wilmot line to Godetich the nt: iHiHitn. And for intermediate distanced at piopor- tionate rates. joru.M'^/ f>f!T Each passenger to be allowed 561bs. of luggage yrec. ^^^ .m»\f/i m,4 mIT rii i i • 4 I i •- mmmmmm mmmmmmmm mmmmmm '|i BMIGRANT'S f om f iOii Oie ftrrivid o^ «te«n boi^ witli i^a^setiu 9^s at ihe bead! of Label Ootaiio, ttwflte cbctra waggotu iviiU lieke^t is Teadmesd at« lli^ilioil, to afford the necessary facility of conveyance to Jj^]^ abovermwt^pn^.places iip<>n ^e ^eUlpwing terms : — From thd Wilmot lino to Goderich II dollar. But the carriage of luggage to be the same as by the regular Waggo^§|. And for the couTenience of Emigrants who inten,d. tp settle in th^ iJurpn,|^ract, in addition '^tlie^^Vei^s'^li^^iiy^Mhiisheil' oil tti^ road between Hamilton and the Wilihbt' liye/^f6trr Taverns and Stables have been erected at the The Wilmot line. The River Avon. .fi i; -r,i . ^-jg^isimik- '■V .PWPpi IirvoRMAIHT. o'lnTJw RivorXliftmes, audat •if(o-) >jIT iMing' plaoei^ of c^nvesie&i diartadeds for p^if-^ soM tfwfblhn^towaxda Godeiioh. < * " ^^ ^ ^ >'>'U Store-houses have been erected at the af)ffV!^^f^^ioxi9d , p9ipt»> if> Jj^ , ;^l supplied Yfitl^, P9ir*Lj, F}q«Mr, lJea,Ji SMgfpr, Saltir Nails. Hatchets, such Carpenters ;^^lf 94, f^^jik^lff to be required. Window-sashes^ Glass, Putty, Cooking Utensils, Crockery Ware, &c. all which articles are to be supplied at prices far below what they would cost to settlers were they to be supplied in any other way. The Commissioners haye entered into these arrangements solely with the view of promoting the comfort of Emigrants during the journey, as the Company have no interest in, nor derive any benefit from these establishments, but sanction them expressly for the purpose of en- abling the Emigrants to obtain readily the ar- ticles they may require, and of preventing any imposition upon them by exorbitant charges ; [w ^1 ! I 70 BMrGiiAirp*« The Company's CiMDini0fl&oiiet« ' wre also completing arrangements for the purpose of forwarding Settlers by Steam-boat ; eaiMieyance from the Wilmot Canal, to Goderioh, in the Stoijo^ Terpttory^ Tlnla' tiBMing Emignmts ito proceed either diiy jand ; or fVAter» «a ithey^ may find it most desirable^ oil) )ti hf>t!>«W» (Boii 9/15(1 K'>?.jjOfi-e'tol?!5 iai iciifhesd ttrrangeni«n(s arei of the hi^^hest'iii^ p6niiikoe > to alt ^rsons; inteitidihi td> tattle «b llid^l^oitipafrjr'tflttttdiii.' '^^i'^-U^^^^^ ,hi-:itr^j':i.t lbS;,»,aiS ,,:,eifcfiW- ,^'ii»^i>^'sD ^mp^U ?/f'i;l(;-or) ys^W 8i©ll|sw 01 tun Mii0w lOi'ii huUr wohhi thmv. iNiH>ftiiAirr. 7r> CttAlPtKRIV. no .'^'iii^Jjj ^a#me mtwal the Chippawa hunting country, which is intersected by the French Hv^r, fdtmiug^part of the boundary, wit|i the Nipisslng Lakb; and the Ottawa, foac Grand River, stretching iu a notth-easterly directiioa^ ThitiminensQ country, containing 16,816,800 acres, is diyided into eleven districts, which are subdivided into counties, and the counties i^to |;v¥nship^, of which there are 273^ The naipes Of the districts afe, beginning eastward, the <>ttawa^ thci Eastern, the Bathurst, fiud the John*s-town; these four districts lie between the ^t, Lawrence and the Ottawa. Next is the M idland .distr^ oC a charactor to prevent workiag out, except j# tb«Jffdny ai^aaons, wbicbgener^^ly pf:eQede>an4 ;^|l|pyf th^ ^ost^; tb^s shewing the c(|mmenci9r :pi^t.>n4i»f)|f^aJ^wg up of tl^ wintfpi;,, , ^Jff^ «^U^m*(rs are hotter ^ai^in Eqgtend, but jr^Uf fijerfd, bearable, by tlte refresbing breezy that a^ g«neirally wafted from the jiakes. ^ppn ti^ ^hoiei tb^ settler with regular temperate l|abiits^ has nothing to fear on the score of healtli^ ,^ ^4^ 76 emigrant's MA ^ bftr The salubrity nt' the climate improves yon recede from the lakes and great rivers, and to counterbalance this ; the settlements on the lakes possess the advantage in a cheaper car- riage of their surplus produce to market. '"■ •^" The fevers, and the ague, are by no meaiii fatal, provided care is taken in keej[)ing the body well regulated ; abstaining from the use of ardent spirits, keeping the feet dry, and avoiding as much as possible exposure night air. ^ The Province is thickly covered with. tim- ber of almost every denomination, which cha- racterize the different qualities of the soil. For instance,— lands of the very best quality have kn abundance of maple, bass-'wood, elm, cherry, and black walnut; hickory, and beach are found on second rate soils, and where th^ beach is abundant, the soil is invariably lights piae, oak, and chesnut, indicates a sandy soil. The cedar, & larch, prevails in sandy swamps, many of which, when cleared, are very rich, while others would not be worth clearinj» 'JC''% 0ti heiiilodk t^i^^triitiz^cB on lieaVy ;M €i^ tb^chojpi^itigbf which would break the be ii 1 Of the 8trbf^gc«t settl^f^ .)}., jt Of '^{iiiij .in INFORMANT. ||^ f Having run through the different qualities oir the land as described by the variety of the trees ; I will proceed to point out the several places which present peculiar advantages to the settler. The eastern, Bathurst, and John's- town districts have the advantage of being contiguous to a good market for their surplus crops, and as a counterpoise* the low lands or bottoms contain extensive swamps, which in the rainy seasons are generally under water ; and the more elevated situations are composed of a ,,]ight gravelly soil, with much limestone and .granite. Many of the bottoms in these districts, where drained, are extremely rich and fertile ; composed of a rich yellow loam, which is almost inexhaustible, bearing crop after crop ' without the aid of manure. i'.: uC\\}\,i The land on the borders of Lake l^imcde. is of the richest quality, lying on an elevation of* 900 feet above the level of Lake Ontario., Tliis is a healthy situation, being wholly exempt ^from ague, and posseses peculiar attractions to ^half-pay officers of the army and navy ; who would certainly give a decided preference |to a place where they might hope to meet so- iB EWiftRANrs 'tk '.[ ciety : there being already very many of this de- scription settled We. iTrjadespeople also to a amited extent woylii be likely to succeed here; as there is more ready money in circulation from the periodical incoipe pf the settlers. V York is also a good central polht'for trades- people but is mucli subjected to agjaes, froin ;^e ^pw(iiess of ttie sit^atipn ; those however who aro nojt subject to ague need tie under little sion. The borders of the Ede is likjely to become A p;oo4 tract |br settlers^ the c^fficiuty olf finding a market, being obvjlatc1e& 'Waii^ily to tran^ort all the stock and, crop that ihey will ever be likely to raise, direct to Mon- treal, or iQuebec; where It will be transhiped for thei Brilisb,mark |[^ g^dl^ witli a ;profii«iioi^ fof ^uit ^f;f^v«^jr descciiv Jtipn, f|pweF« i«ad fl^vf§4ng.«hw¥^?f.»n4.:|t*^ i?fftry,large oretosda.flf^ffnfft .,- . . >?finrvor »rmfT|'' MfW Tfeo liJ^i^ara distmt Js a fertile jcoiiBtir](/ (|y[idl on t)li6 alioces oi' Ihe dvefftdterably w«U settled ; the iftoil cfaiefly • flonsistli of ft . stratjam of black ^ or yellow' fi^nd y loam , dn i wihichy when 4iiiar state of ftatttwi, -is '^iepoklllied a rich d^6ej> writable moukk; ThfsiMstrict !s «felebfttted ftfr lits immense ^ditttitifek <(^ friilt, whidhiss^ down the lake tdtli^'<«iff^knt! marktet^ in tife loiw^r dist!iiot8<: ^v©h W fttr ^ulii Mon^al ' i^ Kiiigston!t» lower OamdA^ ^^^aJthbU- %nA^ tii^- -mta are ii^i ^ vaitbd* in ^iKtt'^tHtittdi&IS^e/' th^t tl% avii^vsiitilly {^olft^^by tb^biMflVi^l'^i^Thby &lk> ^fiiiso f r'viiitttgfter>r witr i[i6tfst6p'>tci en^ti!^^ iidw. iTHis^'didtrictf^i iiloi^^'ks tiohtlgtiity 4iid eairy place ofinterest. Add to thia the boJif rorriai^^*^ *i>a,i .>•^ 1 M mmmm <.^,> momvT*i hdt^^fa^';' vvliii iheir majestic he^ds toweriiig fHiHa tli^ (6 fbtir handred feet above the level 6f ' ilie ^nntTf beneatli ; and overlooking an i^^^titet a^ fjiiras the power of visidn can carr^ f0ik. This aided by the ma^ific^t grandeur of the Tails; otiose waters, rolling their impe^ itious torrents over the half projecting fragments .)Q|' f hie broken rock, and traversing with wild confusion down the craggy channel of a sHarp rapid ; untU they arrive at a precipice where jcoiurei^giiip^ into a cotnpar|Uiy^y narrow space, t^rPr^ harled with treueffidous fury over a rpck^ in ashe^t of more than two thousand feet ■^y. brpa^^ anfl ,tUB»bl« witli a thundeei that niffty^miaai^ tw^lfQiHiiles ^distant, down apes- .f^dx/cpfar^Jieight of 1^ feet, into>a gnlpb be- jfMlff^iiafpi^iigiim^ ^C spray in a misiy Tolume ,,|j!^ ji|^;;iinp^illW,jbfdg|it, whiclKiaUs for a consi- ^^blff idistan^ Jikft a< SllQwef u4if j?ain. The 9uai;iti^y >of rwafi^ dischaigi^ rOver (tbeso iM^p^ (fifil^, thc^ar^^.two pf tliem alH>liti tbe^tSHniB in j9^f^^^4ft; tlie 4H»u;^ of waler being dif^lM >yarock calM Qoat Island^ ui animated: At gii|^4^(^, cubic feet, or 1|9,510,009 giUioiis This place of eachantsMnt forms a scene m^ii .^« . 1 Jl * l |ii [M l ft^' ii . ^> nAH — ' -oMwmi^^fmwm imm^j- 5|» of th^ sublime picturesque, not to be surpassed on any other spot in the worla. t ti^#i,j,jj^ Gdre diy»trict, lywg at ^he liead of lialb ^i>htario, is evidently v^ell i^ortliy the attention bir tile emigrant. ICIie tan^' is gropa, and' the settlers ' wilt have t^^ ad vantage oT fi ife^dy liiar^ Hklin the floiirishifig: little tbWh of Harntiton, which from Ireing situated at the 'head of Bnr- lingtoh Bay, cannot fail of becoming one of tne first coinmerciaT points in the upper province. That the reader mavfbr^ some idea of the iii- .' u,. creasing interest diuufs' thriving little tbwn^ I 'will give the following extiratt from the Hdmil- '• ««Itiiiimt>o^yib)eto^etv the piftii^s crtir Wkn 1^ inakitig, withoM aii' aieddntpim^^ de- gree of adtidi^tidiii iit it^ttPdVaiieeii^entin weallli 'Wild importance. Itici dfaUoi^da^ to appearance '^Bi has ta&eb plkctb Inf this toWii, within the •liii t\V([i ^0a^ts; t^lf sin^risi^ Had a if a- ^ISttit 'WiM' this pli^6 tWo ^isak^s ago, he ^ifli^ haVfc 'teiibd ^arcely ^a' h^^c of resptect- ^IHDfe ap(ieiimnce In Idie {ild^cei K« \irott1d have %iind' ^tVt'one ]i)ritititi^ ^ress: have had the ^ail once oi* twibe a Wed:,' khd iieVer have heard, oC or seen a sWain b(^4i iic^r our port. 1 ■.?| I Wi<^^ji!m 8 But now we see Rouses lisipe up every where— ^ ^hf)Uii$--ijfJ^^8ae^ . in , al^undance , Utcrary ^ anji politicpil--rjstean^. i^P^i^, arriving tbrice ,■ fi week at our |>orts,,find qu^e a place of business* The popiiladon in tiiis time lias more than c|oiibied^^and ii^st^lUnqi-casing rapidly^ and ou^r ^jprp^pects for t^e future are, bright and checr- inffc Bundas, likewise has increased greatly, and IS still increasing. Braptlord and, Paris, are thriving; villages, and bid fare to become iPl aces of great conseoueace, in case the Grand jRivei; is .improved. Indeed ,the province in general is fast populating ; the fore|ts are ^{^11- ^^ vyh^ifte w^ged s^ijps;^ I and smoking steamers, ^w^uM^W^^^^ a gr^at ppr^^n ^ t^fiiptxj^^ ; ap4 iveaiily ift the wtre, i^ ^e townsjupjof Gue^lfji^.th^.Q^ property. T|ie ti^yfpship'contMnsu^witrj^j^rfpf iOfi^ acres, o^ wj^ldi the. Conipanj^, have built tiie .^^^a c^^ Qu^pli, oi^ a liver ■ " ' li|i|l|iili|«ijf^ip)pm;m^ INFO H MA NT. 8tf. Itnd 700, or 800 inhabitants, with a good mar- ket-house in the centre, several churches, schools, sftores, and taverns: one very neat hotel, with an asseml^ly room| a Iarg[e grist^ in01 and saw-mill, and two distilleries, ,i«ij vllbe land rottdd Quelphw is for 1;he lAbM ^adrt ^olil^ or sdling: at a great advanice of pifieiK Property has increased in thiir i ]K(%hbouirho«)kl ito an unprecedented ex^teiftti aiid coiitihdles in ^a rapid march of inipyovement *,. which' ls> an tinconitocvcFtiMe fnroof, tbal; 4;he^vra«iff ements idf •feifelCanadk Gont]^^, (*flter ddv^nta«:e^ vfbr , i lite * wdil'are andi > fit tt|re pijfuspects i (>f the , At.a distance of eighteen miles fi'oni fJ uelph, is the town of Gait, in the township of Dum- fries : thi^ town although founded some years beibre the formation of the Ganada Company, and eligibly situated ; is evidently of minor consideration, in coqfiparison with 0,u€lph;and "11 in all probabilitv, continue,, at least for a ry long period— to, play seciM Jiadle to uie Will very formei town ;. although Irom th;^ respectability of many of its settlers, and the well-lknown libc- ratity of the Honourable Mi*. Dixon, itis founder; fif li iili 84 BMIORANf'8 it cannot fail ofbecoming a place of great attrac- tron to the middle order of emigrants. ^ ^ The township of Damfries is in form of a parallelogram/lying along the side of the Dun- das street; with a brancli ot iiie use cutting directly across its centre: wit^ the township 6f Waterloo On the north, Blenheim on the west* and Beverly oh the east ; the soil is good, and ^tue local advantages great. . ^- lished very extensive mills. Mr. Dixon built a commodious residence for bimsetfl in a iro- inantic situation, overhan^ng the river, and commnnicatih| by a bridge. witJi the mills and towti. His pliEin of dealing with settlers is exirenieiv liberal, as he does not insist upoti -?r3 INFORM A NT.>« ^ 'hi 85 ; any instalment being paid down; and even in some cases, advances the means of purchasing oxen, &c. In this way, the poorest emigrant if steady and industrions, must get forward. "A regnlar account is opened with ea^h individual, and partial payments, either in money or produce, accepted from time to timcu by Mr. Dixoiii. The price of land is 4 dollars, or 20 shillings per acre. Farms have occasion- ally been abandoned by unsteady, or impatient individuals; but some progress in clearing has always been made, and, of course, the farm has, in so far, been rendered more TaluablOi A't very considerable extent of land has been disposed of, upon both sides 6f the river, and hundreds of acres of fine wheat are to be seen '"^jontigudus to each other. rft> «< An attempt had been made last spring' to • 4S6nyey produce down the river to the Wellaiid Ca^at, by fifhich Mr. Shade, the owner of the milts infbrined ntc, a saving of two thirds would ' W effected upon the transports! of ffoiiiv ll^is toyage was performed by a son of 'Ar, Dixoti ^%oeompamed by Mr. Shade, and being a naS^ lotion df about 100 miled, attended with sdm^ baeardd, as a first attempt; it created a good Ih i' t <«UtiM m ^u}m^m'f^ 4eal of sanfs^tji^ attbe tii|b«jofiiij^ visUi «Afl y^UQCC^^^, J.Mj:«.,PJix:oii bas a^uiU^ ^>50O jsfoy]^ upon jjiis es,f fite., ^Dd dri^jKS 4^ , y^i:y; , hau^sowe ^i|iic;on^(E^I^^O|w tbf5 l^tereat, of bis-^al^v^, } visited ihe jnflls wi|b.%.. 3ha()e*, ?^|io %(^k if^imb )f^- ble. jn cxpla^|iing iq ija^ ,t^<5 vj^vj^^^^ 'i^f^^pocipeit^, nice iapd ^PRp^fl.j t(k^. if^e «mi iV^f ifl^^t'i jiaift as worthy of:^ei|t|oii,r|s j^j^e " |^nc|pii,,^stnct ; and , Amejric^; f ^d bi^Vl*^ JTirpipft l^ to #0 C^ot; ftbqwe Ibe > Uml healthy situation, and ,^^© tUp^^Y^l^fi^msP^i^e o^'^^Wh^W p,;WPffW3f^^^4»f!Wi>^fr which fj(i^j0f l|re|^^,^ ^f'PPi^n ^^,Mg!e^rW4iftl#rs INFORMANT. jiwnts with HamiltoQ/ and Ij^ake Erie, fis also with York : and the. other from Godench to London, where it unites with, the Talbot road» connecting the Huron tract with Port Tal- bot; and also with the well-cultivated settler ments of Amherstburgh, and Detroit; froivi which place cattle and provisions may be pb- tmfd in abundance. 'j ^ ; V The present price of land in this tract, i^ from Ss.9d. to lOs. currency ; the land is laid lOut in lots of 80 acres with the frontage to the iroads, which renders the situation of the settlers healthy,, by exposing their allotments to the sun a^^d air,— the same plan of laying out th^ allotments is adhered to in the Talbot street jsettlement, and on all the principal roads* ^^ ^he Company to enooumge settl^ent in |iie Huron tract* haye 4etcii«nined to continue for this y^fir, to aUofWi .tO: all i^flw/iw (jt^ttUrs) In this district, pHrchasing |300. iicre^ ^ pr morp of ^ the^ Cyonipanyv the e^cpei^ciMi rol) ^onyi^y ance at a stipulated rate from. Quebec o)r iMontreal lOff^: head ofLake Ontario, allowing eacrh fa- mllir t0 consist of twiO Adults !& three children^ liy dedneting those expences from the second MpflAww ntQf tho purf^ase mpn^y of their farm* ■ m * i ) m tiiiitiiiM}*'f*i 1) Th^ eoiinftfyic: i^n Wtttofcfd, and fiost^effis^ eapabilities of ilrivin^ gtiHt-ieSSiSi ^iif-Mlh, HiHf machinery of etefy dtfsttipii&a id k vcfry great exteitt liete its titftndttncti dt fnrick earth and pdtt^r'ft clay,— d va'sJt qiktttity' of bricks* have atlreetdy been mad^. '> This tract fer of a triau^Iar* f^>nti, eotitainin^ 1,100,000 acres, &extendii^ aibotrt sixty nttes aaodg the esls^er^ iirhore bf* LdikH Hnrotf. The genera} surface of ifae coantry is level, and not tmfreqtiently is discovered plot^^ of rich tttiinM imeadow, affording a Kvefy contrsrsrt toi!he stately trees, aoid wild rotndtntic forest sceneiy^ aiid bti tteM^dtland, the chdtracter of the scenery is Vei'y ititLctk like England. Thet^c^ ivte besides the rivers of Bf aftland, thatti^^ ilcn% Sables, and tlieiir ti4kitary p^rts c^the t^toi*f ;^ i^d stflt «prilitg6 aiie by li!0 in^Anti M^.' iTlier l(Mposite shore ijihall become settled, to \)e a place Qf the highest commercial interest; and especiall;]^ when we take into tbe account, that vessels can take in their car^o at Goderich, and pro- ceed direct \>y an inland navigation of twelve hundred miles, dowip the 3t. C)air. the Petrol^' Xiake ^rie,, the ^ellai^d, Jjake Ontario, the iCataraqul, the Iftidieu, the Ottawa, "the St. Lawrence, and cress the Atlantic to, any of the European jy^aii^ets. . , •. . , j Goderich Is evi^lentty Jestii^'ed to oecoi^e an extensive towji ; flie market, whicTi com- prises eight Acres, i^ an 4>cta|;ana) form, with the streets diverging frpip X^J'^he number <9f inhabit9^ji;Lts j^ alreadj betweeii seveij and eight fiuhdred^ and ff fte ti^eiif emigration cpn- tiniies to set, as "strbnj^ in thi^ olrectiQii, it is prpi)al?le tjiat *by the time |hW is pulilislied, its tiumljers piay 'be near'bf doubled. Several ;|tores are estabiisned and others in preparation^ as i ] KmORANT'i , <-•! also taverns ; and mechanics in most branches have arrived, although by no means sufficient for the necessities of the settlement. Saw and grist-mills are in operation, and every thing lis indicative of Goderich speedily becoming a town of considerable magnitude. For the making of rdads, and towards the improvement of water-communications, the building of churches, school-houses, bridges* wharfs, and other works, for the benefit and accommodation of the public, the Company have engaged to expend a sum of £ 48,000 in the Huron tract ; all such works and improvements to be approved of, and sanctioned by« the local authorities. Adelaide, is a township lately formed by Government, situated near the line of road from ilundas to Amherstbnrgh, about twelve miles distant from that line of road, and twenty from London; a^oining Carradoc: well water(Bd by the river of Anx Sables. ,. This township containing 80,000 acres, which in the year 1831 was a perfect wilderness, without one solitary house or inhabitant, now jpossesses near 2000 individuals ; with leading ^Toads from their lots to the maia KMiGjir4NT^ ) much iinporte^n^e ip ft cpnjfnii .i^^l p^int, fiiOiii its central posl^ioft ;M? ttve di^tricl;.? f rvif^i v/nC' ^he m^tc]rf^^ ^tHp*^ *y*<*^ ^ ^^*® lower. jeiPr tremity of Laie Huron; with the St.pl?*!" river, lake St. Clair, aad the Detroit river* botindiYirg its northern and wetifert shoires, and iLake^rietb the southward, is pfetty well settled!^ thfe Diettoit, and to some extent, ia Wealthy couiHtry. The chief town is Aniherist- bur^h, on the (t)etroit at a short ^istanice ^'rom its cofSf^neRce with Lake Erie. Th^ situation is deli^tiAilily pietwresque, in tlie midst <»<' a ferrH'te Countk^. Tbe oi^iglnnfl inhabjt^ttts of this .pkice wene Fivssich, >aDd l^e inaiiners c^ dihose 4Nf(ti)e niies6ipttd«y saviouffs iufvcii ofube charM4 in the>to)^wsbi|]iofiSaAdwfchi; the j)oilis.{dluvial^ (^ 4he finst^mto quallity, )w£llidalcii1ate4^oi^ th^ c«lti?aUoalieiD^ otitobacc6.<; (i)lw frtff^n'hMf 1 €iiltif a«^ farms seH, - iaeat> the Ddtroit, at from 10 dollars to 16 -and 20 doikUm per Mare, inclM^g imptoveiihenta, as athkifisb^ ando^er traildinss. > Om tb» berderA of Ijhe Thames, and at 'its- cooflueace iritb lakolSt iClaliv aro «K)teiif meadows, amd ar«k i^ivei^sail!!^^ tbe jr^;^ afiiQt: s/ome^ vJmt j^^^)(^s|ng|» <^bm >bc) ^^^^^f^ lirf the sijtaar M^^F18,9P h^^W. J^»^fif, t>W. ,P.eppl^: fa?:^,; fo? J wiU ^r^^e^j^t^^uf^^^oj^n^rif^^t t|ie pui>*^ nose ^f ^oi^ducfpi^ i^ppe xvioi «|v?iy hay? diseni- barked at. ^aj, jf^ ito-, t J^^jr. peyeral places of destination^ giving such informatiop on U^ t i ii ^ K t ii fc' » tm^^ .!->.. .. i.' <«.'-;^..-».J j^ l^f Siri«RANT^S i^ditte ais'will be of intereit(|o<<^ parties it ttiay concern; and as I am decidedly in favour of the Upper ProTince, I will not tire my readers' patience with a long detailed account^ in the shape ofreoolnmendation, toni country thatt I .would Bot^chcioie for myself uj ««j*Uof> iU fuir«t M^dn the iirdt place it may be necessary to in- form you , that passengers are entitled by law to Demain outboard the ship 4B hours. after their Anivid ; and it is unlawful Dor th& Captain to depriTO' his passengers of any of their usual ac- commodations for cooking or otherwise — this is of great importance to the poor Emigrant; as by it he may avoid the expense of living on shore at the taverns. Pilous tb disembarka- tion, should sickness overtake^^otl, proceed im- inedia^ jr, ' oi* be remorv«d, W' Ihe Etdigrants' Hospital, ill St. John's Stibiiibs; Where you will Wtaketi care ht, and pro^^ied with every 'thing heedfdl, until restored to health. H^re is also a Dispensary, where knedidnie and medi- rtJ. ad viibe toiky be obftaiiied,. 'Hie Dispensary is attached to the Quebec Charitable Emigrant iSddiety : thi^ l^bdi^y will if^ relief ^o all destitute Emigrants. There is a similar Insti- -ttitibh for' the relief of deMtlitiBie!ni[i|rraii^s in ^Woiitreal. -'-^"^ .in^i.^ ^lu^u. mOb iNPORMAlil'T. 97 ...'^ , ' Am soo« as you bave cleared out (if .the Yes- sel, or 3'ou may leave part of your family on board in chat{fe 'o€ your property, whilst you go to th^'£t&igratilft' Office to make such en- quiries iBid yoO'ibeiy deem necessary. Mf;^A. C. Buchanan is the chief Agent, who will give you every iafprtuatipn asto the readiest means of obtaining ^iniployvnen^iltnfl ^herc; or should your object J^e tf»\qbta||Q Jtind in the J^iywer Pror vince, he will furnish yon gratuitously with a list Jot the Goveron^^t ,^^|^nd > that is ibr sale. Before I pr9|C^^fl|^e?^^Jijvy|;3gij^j9R AV. GOV ERlSfMrVT AGENTS^ Ottawa and I Mr. Md Naughtbii> at Batkurst Districts > By-Town* ?)l Newcoitle District, Mt. Mc* Dowal, Peterboro. w:..#^— n.\.#w^#. I ^j"' Mount, €aradEN^S, Are ^obIl'I>A¥idbfm .AJattes C. BuebwuMir'Baqi'iNew/Yorkriioii^ rich ; and Agents throughout the vSrid'rfs "pM^ '' of the Pfoyi|i03^jj^hp a^^^ ^p^w^re^ to treat with Emigrants for the purchase of lands, in qui^«titi0fk of 100 acres m upward* ^ but should less than that qnantii^ be i¥ailt«d| ih^i^ are^^ifc sdnMimii^xy tim ishi|>, jnlAil|fer Itmtat \talei ■<^A IQ yite.fi9Wa»y'«5l»nd^^nJ asha^e higher than others, but wheii it is coi^ideredPft^m&'^W fm^mff^i^ *iy ften^ m fanous buildings, in roads, and other im^^irov^m^ili^,^'^Vb Wwjr readily be admitted, that the balance is, ^u/avor o)fr iPfW^ha^ing ^0^1 the^., /^ji^^^^^H^known j^«p?iwtx,^,|i^ 9f>fflp?^ o^,ap mmmhMi HJF^-^lHANT. ' t|ie 'sp^ited .mapn^ i^.v^biak tfiey^ve pro^ej S^i^t^ : jth^ wl|o}«^ lOC. ; tUeiif, ( updei;taki»fi:s> giv^ lUlHim * titlp ^ ;tbei liigl^st est^ift of ev t xy pi^^, flfufoctety. -^mi^iil^thiiQl A^e^sf.y mf^^ (t^f nadmo History, fuiiikatep9il)g«i(K)n%^ t)^is,yv6«4t|ii and i]^KQ»pen%j^{sm .exieqaiM^ a»|Gl<^r$i^ mmr try, and, as a t hAm to H^i cotnibr^ '. and jhaf^pi^ aess^ of tbouaandsf of > individuals;: An^ i|ui- lionii of the ]^#og^ny of , the brar e > son^ anic^ ia^r dMightersi pf' > H^rmia '^illtrise to venerate t))p fieribdwithttgiivoly a reyerence^ as that Diie*- norable day^ dn which St; Ifatiriek descatiding from the :^ Seoltis^i borders, amdut^'ossin^ tl)e tiraters ^Can^ackfcirgtid, iandiBd bathe sea^^^rt sii aaaiiKted people;!' whoi t^reiinkm^'nAdtv-%hf "w^il^t # acGmfttlatedf miseiable loppi-«)^i(mH>.. And it will stand as an everj^astaiig idoriumetvt of shame and disgrace to the apathy and ineffi- ciency of a British Government, in suffering a 1 §m I! n^\ m iiito Vim^fJIIANt'S Company tb r^id mWeifl M'^ii'^foA ttiMth^, on their own pairt^ * ought to ha.'^i pros^cuidd %t leftist twenty jF^afS agOj iittd^^hkhi^lf if 1^ beeh adopted and punudit With ihe saitie ipi^it of activity, ofiiserved bf t^ OmsiiiW ^ Gompatiy ; would doubtless li^iiy«' feL^re^tidd' i^l thosd> evils, ibat now so olosely^idiicoiiapaiiss^ tbe mother Yjouritry ; perplexibf^ ^to aii 'iuuiprecedpatied bk^ tent, the present ada^hi^r«timi/> m Mm .vir But ^ib, a^ording) toivthe oldaidag^-^t is ^eyer too late to nkend, a < we > wili %opid ibtit th^ priesent Governimiit ; . ;w^ diil^ appiociat^ tbe errors of the former |iind jthatilthicyii ifoayili^ftK^ v^o emulat« the bright texdoi^ itba|:4«isell|)efoce tbem> by enooiuragingland pvamHng m omih gration sufficiently exteiiaivo to.; lejy^^p Ibe present emergencies: of libe MiPUf Uig ian# > m^-^ nufacturing clafii*^ M;JiM>^^ nL :iu > uiknao ^d Before we prooeilKl 5m, tll^/rqat^ tQ . tkp WWW Province, I.will subn4tj># wy ]Cf^ei3|,|t>»^ Government JBoUccto £nu^^t£^Ji^t y^w^ ,11 pirooi that lUioyi 'ba«e in son)ev]f»«^r«; 4^mo%t «red an inclinatioa tjofcdlowi lb^^(^amplQiO{ the ■€auadavCoB^panjri'> > i.* m^.. m.Mmi^ lii^f ^^4m A e''li?«4'^WAjNT. m^ ' Qaebecs, 1st June, 1832;,; ^' Emigrants arriving ^i Qtieb6c frota the Uni- M Kingdoi«(/'af^A'Wtr6 fere desit^us of iktiing , 1^ Upp^ Ca^kda ^ LbWer dasiida^ bi- it^f^b- ; V^nin^' ^^»l)>y^t^ hijfio^ril^ tliat^^^ cessary inf ormlitibH foV thi^ir g^^^ n[tk^ i& obtained . '(gratis) on i»ppIicatioh at this office* betWeeh thi!' Ibcatitag emigrants, ^ire in ^^heBathlirat, NeWc^tl^ J^^m, m w^stpijn districtf . / 'indigent emigrants^ on condition of actual settlement, may obtain a location on the follow- ing ^jjhFifty ^res pf l9iid.3i9iUi( be iillotted to eac|i bead ofiafa^aily* upon condition of paying at ,ike,fra43^ q€^ S^^l,Q^^!mmy per iictre. Thefir^t -payi^nt to bi^ipaifilfi at tN expiration, of .tiiij^ .yeaani* and the; whole ; t^ rbe paid by annual instalments of ^;, JMi, J»ii;jrmo Jiio^-ibiii -^^/txliot^di no tmbmol^ niiildoYmti .Iti^mtoli^^p. Quebec, the Capital of Low«r CliM0k;'4k 4ot ttoi^i^^iialled' tlie'^brkltair 6f GoAida, %(m llm ittretigth of Its €itlidd^<«he 'height dti %%ichi it i^ geat^l; c«iiiiX«ltidM^ ^ S^/IittW. ^ye^1^^iee{tlv> jth% Walli^^dlid bttkioiiii^ arid tile itiaiherotf s' outW^ks 'del^dln|^ t'be ^i^^ T 1, m 01 buildings M^a rehouses and every description to an excess. The streets are narrow and irregular, and in respect to dirt, they by no means fall short of any of the VTinc/j in the old town of Edinbro; or Mallow lane in Cork, As you ascend to- wards the upper town, the streets and houses assume a more portly aspect ; the houses are built of a grey stone, with tin roofs, and very many of the window shutters are also fnced with tin. The Goverpor-Generars House called the Chateau de St. Louis, stands upon the edge of a rock n^jLt the river at an eleva- tion of 350 feet, on which is also the Citadel and a monument tt^ t|^ mempjry ofj^eneral rrrii r^iy'j. ■ U\ ■ fS!he> motley groups, which present themselves in every street, with the mixture of manners a^d language, woul4 set the skill of Cnick* i^nks at defiance in a: description. The mar- 1^/ is, held daily, and i3 crowded to excess V'ith>0y;er]r^ sect und denomination, from the fl^dian and his •^^waiiii'to the Officer of the garrison and his lad^^; with gentlemen of th^ long; robe» carters, pef^santry, and their ^ives, and not sl fyw ** squires*' , and a profur p .^ 1 '! 1 r i ■1 i' vlj ,1 .1 1 .-It I t 1 riQ4 • i I^MieRANl^'s i n: sion of HiberniaD porters, and knights of the ^ hod, — all huddled together in delightful confu- sion, present such a charming picture, that 'tionc but the dull and senseless, could gasse on, tind not tidinire.-^ ' . r.t. The public edifices^ besides those alrcndy nieutioned, ai'e Bishop's Palade, where the I^rovihcial (Parliament now meet, the Catholic Cathedral, the Protestant Cathedral, the Quel)ec Bank, the Seminary of Quebec, an ex- tensive Collegiate Buildings the Ursuline Con- vent, containing the Church of St. Ursuline, the Scots Church, the Monastry of the Jesuits now convert^ into a Barrrack, an Armory with a stund of arms for 20,0(K) men, the Cus- tom Rouse, the I^cchange, and the Quebec Library, which contains a valuable collectioti ttf literature. Here is also a superb esplanade, whl^ the troops ate repviewed ; and in the front of the €hsit6^ de St. hofma, is the Place d* Arms^ o^ Grand Parade, which forms pt de- ^lightfUl promenade ^r visitors, aiid 1^6 resi- dent gentry of th« town. The population of I this City is about dO,0(N^, hdarly two-thirds of ? Thich are French Caifadian9, the remaining part is made up df a mixture of Iiish, Scots, English, Americans, and Indians. ' ' INFORMANT. w . i 105 the ifu- hat on. There are very many tovvnships, between Quebec and Montreal, where emigrants may purchase land; but as it is my business tp di- rect them to Upper Canada, and as they may ol>tain every information relative to those lands, from Mr. Buchanan of Quebec, it is not neccs:!iary to go into the particulars of them "ere. r^, : ,,.,,r. ■ .^_,,.:- ^,.. ; , Emigrants wishing tp advise their relatives and friends of their, safe arrival, before they leave Quebec, m^y do so by taking their letters to the keeper of the Merchants' Exchange, and payin;>^ one penny for ench letter: by this method tiiey will be perfectly safe, and the in- land postage will be, aave4^',v . Many plans mlt be offered to your consider ration on the routo from Quebec, but do not heed them, go entirely by the adviq.e laid down by the Agent, unless you are well satisfied of pf their purity. , From Quebec you wi^ prpceed direct by steamer to Montreal, 180, miles,, fo^ )\ dollar. (fn • this route you will pas$ several ' lut^resting villages, situatf^d on the raar^i^ ojTthe river, the first of which is called l^oiut aux Trernhtes, this little town contains about 500 French Ganadiah :'( '^ m 106 BMIORANt'S (^ ( inhabitwUts. a collegiate church, and a cotiT^nt of nuns, distant 21 miles from Quel^ec* Trois Ri vires, on the north ()ank of the river St. Lawrence, and at the confluence of the St* Maurice, 90 miles distant from Quebec, is a town of considerable importance, it contains t^ Catholic and a Protestant Church, the court- house Oi,*the district, a gaol, and a small barr rack, with a population of 3000 souls. The town is very pleasantly situated, and is said to be one of the oldest in Canada. Sere is also a convent of the Ur^nilns. Seven miles from hence, are the extensive forges of St. Maurice, on the eastern bank of the St. Maurice river. At the head of lake St. Pierre, and abou',45 miles distant from Three Hivers, is the toivn of Bertnier, lying at. a shoi't distance from the northern border oi the St. Lawrence ; contain, ing about 900 inhabitants, with several o^ood stores and taverns, and a very handsome, church. This town jU on the direct mail road from Quebec to Montreal, and several coaches pass re^u!:iily through it. Qn the opposite shore, and at t!i<6 head of th^ lake, and also at the confluence of ihe River Richlieu^ is the town of Fort William rm INFORMANT. 107 Henry; this tOwn contains about 1,500 inha- bitants, with well built Catholic and Protestant churches, and ti small garrison and hospital, V Leaving this town, and passing through a delightfully diversiiied country, with luxuriant islands, and their richly cultivated slopes rising on every side ; you presently arrive at the finest and most flourishing town of Lower Canada. . . . The City of Montreal is most imposingly sit- uated on a gentle elevation, rising I'rOm the St. Lit whence, which flows beneath, and distanced in the rear by a lofty mountain, whose trees are seen towering their majestic heads, and bending their luxuriant foliage, over the nume- rous towers and spires of the city. Thus is the tourist enrhattteu jwith the flrst glance of the town in sailing up the St. Lawrence ; and he is |nstinc,tlvely led to iraagiue himself approaching a town, little lihort in grandeur, of the the la- minating and voluptuous scenes of Venice ; or the stately magnificence of ancient Greece — but alas !— how are the illusions of fancy's ima< geries continually misleadinj us ! —I remember being much charmed with the following passage in Blair's Grave, — *' what would offend the eye in a' igood picture, the painter casts discreetly i : i I il '^:. 108 EMIGRANTS into sbudes/' IJad the Citizens of Montreal taken (his view of the subjccl, I have littje doiij^t that they would, at least have rjBnd«^red the princips^l approach to their towii rtf^im-'V}--:- rable to the eye of tlie stranger. As the traveller advances more closely on the verge o|'the town, he is surprised at the utter want of tadte (I had almost said decency) that presents Itself. Ih- ?tead of a sjtone Quay or Whaif, which one would imagine indispensable wit(i a large com- mercial tbwti : picture to yonrsdjf Vessels of dl denominations bringing to, and faying along- side a cUyey bank to dischai^c or t&ke in cargo. iP'icttjre to you r imagiiiutiort a ^trperb steam boat, landhig parties of elcguntry dressed females on the muddy banks of a rivei', in the midst of merchandise of every 'description, and leaving them to t^l thi'ough the filthy ap- proaches in the front of a city containing up- wards of 30,^00 inhabitants ; inclading vei^y many of thie most wealthy men in the province. Oil eiatttring the to^ti yon are by ti6 means led tofbi^ma moi« ia^onmby bjiinion. Thd streets in tho tdW6^ tbwrs, a'br tiarrowBess a^d dift, vie with the bid town of Limenck,--^st. Giles's, in London/ or l^eid Lane are ilill 50 «5 i INFORMANT. per ceat. " above prooj,** and tbe sombre appear* tince of the Rouses, from the doors and wiiulow- shutters being composed of sheet-iroB, reader it a scene of such deep gloom, that none but the gayest qfthe gay wouM find supportable* ;r\ 16 Passing to tbe new or upper town/ the ey« is agreeably relieved by the appearance of good streets, many of them crossing each other at right angles ; something in appearance like the new town of Edinbro' — handsome houses, and an .Immense number of public buildings, toge> ther with many noble Charities. ,^^5 The first of these, so truly honourable to the feelinpr^, and which must immortalize the me- mory jf the Ladies qf MontrMd, is the Mon- Iveal General Hospital. This Institution was founded by the Ladies of the city, under the title of the Ladies* Benevolent Society, and was devoted solely to the felief of indigent Emi- grants; many of whom, invalided b^r tbe sea voyage, and in 9. state of utter destitution, must have pushed on the shorea of a foreign land^ but for the timely aid and fostering hand of those charitttble Ladies. In 1818, a fund to the amount of £1200 was raised,, to promote the ol\|^qt of thii^ chanty ; a soup-bouse was opened ■il $'. \' 110 emigrant's ii M in which the ladies pers'onally superiiiiended the ^^'i^ributibn of alms, not only to the distressed £li Mtd, imt also to the poor of the pity. A bniidiu^ i^as afterwards erected with a frontaj^e of 76 feet, and surmounted by a handsome cu- pola* On th(^ 30th of January, 1828, it was in- corporated by Royal charter* It is now one oif the princfpa^l ornaments to the city, and a last- ing m^simorial of the charity of the Ladies of ''''A^''MiS^'4iiirto\\e^y is a noble institution, founded and establii^ed by Royal charter in 1821. Th^ toTt^e is named after a British mer- ehitnt, who bequeathed £10,000 for the endow- ment. Thidei^tabJishiiient supports a principal; and professoi^' of divinity, moral philosophy, natural )i>hiliaiilOphy, i^athematics, the learned languages, hist6^y, and civil law. The college is under the superintendance of the Governor; the Lieutenant-Govemer, and the otlier pub* lie functionaries of the provinces. ' •^ Here is also llie semitiary of St. Sulpice, established in 16S7, occiipyinl^ three ^sides of a square. At this seminary also is taught the seve- ral branches of learning, including philosophy and matfadmatics. Likewise French College,* IMPOHMANT. Ill founded in i'TVd^ wtm^ie are tattf ht mm 900 to dba students. S^everal other ItemhiaH^B have of late heeft edtabHi^^d on an «x(en^te seale ; wliicli do in^htte credit to the^ march of irt* proyejnent, and intelYectnal ncqnirenfents in ihe rising cofonies. ^^^* ''^^-i^m^d^..b(mmmm ' Itl^e Montreal Bihrary is on a grand scaler beini; well fi^rni^ed wlrti every de)^a^>iMiit of llt( ralure. ^he txarii^n lAhrecef, and an Advocates* tiiWary, ate Worthy of notice. Five newspapers are plibhshed herb, also several monthly publications, and the Canadian Qaai^' tci*iy tteview. ttere is likewtde a Mechanics* Institution :— all these speak Vtiiuniies infa« vour of Canadian tit^rat^Sfe.^-^^:^^^^H at^*i^ The Churches and t^apel^ itre ikiitBttftot^; one of tiiem, the Catholic feat^ di^dl, which isr a new buildins:, would* be an omimient to Athens^ or to ftoipe ; this spleiidld edfftce iat situated opposite the Place d^ Arms. It has a frontage of ^4 feet, by ^55 in depth, the height of the wnlls ialtp feet^ and the roof being of bright tin has a very iSne e^^ct when the sun's beapis are resplendent upon il. This nob1 -*vi m wi WJ mm INFORMANT. J ■> As early hout thief streets are thronged with persdhs '%f all ages, g^ohi^ to extend first mass— a matter of much impoirtaiice with the Catholics. ■■■"■ ^^ The splendid cloisters that adorn the ct^, are objects of great interest. Theise convents con- tain seminaries for the education of young fe- males, and are also extensive hospitals; for the invalid poor of both sexes, and orphan chil- dren* The most extensive of these establish- ments is La Congregation of Notre Bame, or the Convent of the black nuns, and is conduc- ted by the Lady Superior, knd sixty nuns. This building has a frontage of 234> by a depth of 433 feet. The convent of the Grey Nuns, is conducted by twenty-four sisters: and > is most extensively benevolent, embracing avery - description of destitution, from the helpless orphan to the aged, the lame, and the maniaic i'<^all elaim relief from these sympathii^ng and truly beribvofent sisters,-^an5. **h»ve'th3lr claims allowed.'* The U^tel Dieui in St.Paiai,'s Street, au immense building, with' ) Ja ^ front» f iOf -324 feet, by 4(18 iin depths is aiiotheviteMjpdfei of charity, conducted by a Superior. and thirty^sHL Nun». These establishmenttii are alteodoived with landed , property,, and >aj|e , also jmaiiuMi with occasional grants from the provincial par- i ill ^i* ajifc - 4 » j»l* tM«wii »4 ItlflGB^Al^T's : 5s,;:B^«ld^ ttbe buU4ipg^ ^«i|7rf!^3f m^ is . titi^ C?Pi«rt HouAf^; the QaoJ^ tlie B^wk, »«iii(^.e- . IKH13 J^o^filsw (^ne of whicl^ is ft j^iwcejy .estfi- <>|isb^;^j^ yrhftre ikio visH^ot may ioda]|SQ in ,#ll,tl^e lu&uries usual ia Pam, or on ^ny part .^f th^Jp^opeaii conUnent. > The Champ de Mars, u?|uielQg:a,tit^sidaiiacle, planted rou&d mtk l^ombardy Poplars : this is . a plaqo i^ gretiX resort for the fi^bipiiables dii- • ring the summer season* for the s^l^e of hearipg the imlitary band which pl«^ys usually during (.the e^e^ings of the summer and autumn . H ere also the troops of the giMrriaon are reyiewed. r SiontNAl from its great local adrantages^ ; t^bdng neai! the confluence of the Ottawa^ and I«aa liirecl line oi water commnniiOation with Kmgsten'y Yqtk^ and the whole of tbe v|»per apraTinee ; anl aliw! Ih^ ekliy ^cess to the nOr- i (hem Atfttes o# the illnicin^ uonnot fail of rising ifaighiieB theeoale efoim^meniiel lintereBt*; Dii- ^«ing> the hammer ipay he eehn isiKit numhecs o^ licoiiis» Oorhen beats^< imdlHltteaBSD^ iionstaaHy twnfiBg with produce finmi |he p; ^^eir preirinee. lNFORMA?> Tbie lfe^tt^^.vLx, tixp forty feet in leag^b, und six in the breadth^ tapered ^X the endii in form of a canpe, witb (^ flat bottom, drawing t^bout a foot, and ft. balf of water ; and the velocity with which tbey shoot down the. numerous rapids, (some of which are extremely dangerous) is truly surprising. TJ^e^e batteaa;^ usually go in po^npafiy to tbc? p^ij^^^ber o( eight or ten in a train, with as m^ny y pwe^ s in each boat. And the deUgbt^ airs which lire sung in unison, by j^ittle short pf a hundred yoiges^ and with which thpy jteep tune with their oars, and the s|^l£i9Jb- jl,Qg of the w^^er, which fs beard at an immemie distance, with the reverberation pf ihe ecfco fironi the surroupding wcjod^nds ^d mountains, renders ob. e^qt pt the j^iofst e^^i^i^ite enoh^Miit' ment. J^;QO|r^'i| jp^n^d^aM^.^^^b^^ ^.*^*" tremely happy picture of this scene, and has long been adopted as one of their favorite airs. These batteaux will carry about i»ix tons bur- then ; and the scows which are of an oblong rectangular form, are rudely constructed, merely for carrying down a cargo, and are then sold to be broken up : these machines will carry from 400 to 500 barrels over the rapids with the greatest apparent ease. Here are also immense im EMIGRANTS .lM« •^ ( 7 ' rafts of timber floated down to Quebec, to be . shipped for Great Britain. ^ ^^ ^^* '^^'' ' "^ ' In the winter sr ison the number pf sleighs that are constantly coming into Montreal, and also Kingston, are beyond all possible concep. tion ; bringing in produce of every description 'from ail parts of the country. And very many of the delicacies that filrnish the tables in Mon- ' treal, are brought by the saiti^ nlode 6fcon- ' veyance from ah immense distance Ih the States. ' The population as I before stated; is about ~ dO,000, and is a mixture of French Canadians^ 'English/Irish, Scots, Americans, and Ir6- ^ quois Indians. * I haid fergotteri to say, here fe a Theatre very 'neatly fitted up, to h6!d about 600 or 700 per- son^, but no regular conipany ^f peHbrmers* vi i»i',} r,i> of bUta imiii oiiibm ^o^' i ^'itfN '^ . >i UAJli)':, :i\ I : {[ii ll'i/A; iil'nii)d (^m (>} (K){^i QSeiimmHli<.^>>u J 1..'/ 'J > i i ,08 i f Zl^.^i^:i,JJiA:\ ■■ V INFORMANT. 117 f o be l> and ►ncep- iption many Mon- con- tates. ibout ians^ Ird- very per- »? ^li'HowbUsitliJiewlioerowai, in sbtufMltke tbeM« j^-fff A youth of labour, with an ai^a of ease ; Who quits a world where strouf; temptations try, d' And since 'tin bard to combat, learns to fly ! ^j^. . For him no wretches born to work and weep. Explore the mine, or tempt tlie dancer ons deep; "No surly porter stands in fUilty state, t& ' ') To spurn ImpUirinB famine from the gate ; « ,, , , But on he amoves to meet his latter end. 7t! f It' Angels around befriending virtues friend ; Sinln to the gniTe wiA mipereeived decay, IVhile resif nation gently dopes the way ; And all his prospects liflight'nbiff to the la&t. His heav'n commences ere the worid be past. '■s>r it; There is a happiness in these v^yaget^rs, bt 'boatmen, so peculiarly striking, that I can? not help renewing that part of the thread of my subject, aslregards the effect that is likely to be j^roducied on the thinking part of the conununity.- ^a^^^^tjp^ , , ,. M ' iu RMIRRANT*8 I am not aware of any thing earthly, so calculated to sooth afflictions — to compose din. tracted thoughts ; and above all to soften down our sorrows for the absence of friends, from whom we are eternally i^^txidiOd, as the or - sional charms of distant music ; more es[ ally when accompanied by the persuasive truths that thone sttaitis ar# proceeding frtnn a multi- tude of hearts at ease. *^ '^"^ How often ckies the tdiafiaation turn to trace those streaiii^ &^ ifdft delf ^ht^-^thcMe fonntains of bliss,— whcti^ in the stijiliQes^ of a stifhiner's evening, w^ have ijvilted the lowly cottage of the woods, t^ gadder b^ti^^th tile BUtlM^ ex- panse of the ethereal Wi^wpyi i^i^rl^^ the soft rays^'^f tlmj^le mooilf^iftiid gluing in ecstasy ol^ tj^! Ij^^^l^ |^tft^^ adiMtion that was almost tears — wMle fond anJ impas- sioned thoughts, floated upon the finer snscep- tabilities of our nature, which vibrated at every mmi, ikhH tlildled ill tiie mind those H^ldest, d^Wt M«i^<^f "f^nb^ii birtlitMef ^Sart^) ^^H>r Heaveki^l-^hMMe ^Npetf^sef vrndlogTed &lk* Utf, whMUhe Ifiai "spirit sheald sip thote %6^tA)iieiS^hi)^ ^Ayt^eo «on4et>4^while from afar, the stillness was pervaded, by the breathing I r ,' .^'.M INFOltMANT. i<*tr sound of exquisite music ; still more sublimed by the purity of the waters, on the bosom of which it gLded — producing joys that appeared more than mortal ! which seemed not to exist —yet, still was,— and for the v isest purpose given ; to bring us to a sense, and an adoration of serenity,— the lovliest gift of the Creator! inducing contemplation, and by degrees (swift as the, shafts of lightning from the high vaulted regions of the unbounded expanse,) to the love of natures works; warming the bdsom with glowing rapture, and sublime enthusiasm ; till we feel, in the fullest persuasion of our nature, the irresistable truths oif the presence of a DeitvJ and tast^ the jpy of the l^upreme, wl^o sees His creatures happy ! , %. / n . ' " , Montreal, this season, is unusually crowded. The number of visitors that are constantly air- riving, and the great increase in the coininer- cial department, arising out of the demand for British goods by the new settlers, rend^rsf it, a . continued sp^ng of gaiety ein^ b^i^^Jing^ enter- prise* The hotels iar^!cr9^w4^^ ap^ jthc displi|y .fitfi elegant coo^pany tba,t d^jly^ presejp^j^^ii^^f iuwthe ride9 rouud ^he delightfully p|cturesqc|e scenery of the Royal Mountain, and along the R ! ); # ! rj 120 emigrant's, upland chores of tl^e St Lawrence^ to the thri- Yf^j^ little village of I^a Chin^ (which commands an e;j(ceill,eaV yi<^^ of (he Sault Si. Louis, or boiling jl^a^ids, and the little /omantic Indian- village on the opposite ba^ks), very consideral .y exceeds anything that I remember on a former sea..vin. This scene, heightened by the beauti^ Jul expansion of the waters on the bosom of the ftdjacent Lake, through which the Sf. Lawrence ilows, iorriis a picture of natural sublimity, it> the description of which, it is not possible to do ample justice to the snr|>assing beauty of its fascinating charms. Montreal derives its name from the Boyal Mountain in Its rear ^ Mount Royal, or ^ont- ri-'ul, ^li the French pronunciation, and after a toyn in France of the same aime*) The sum- inii: of the Moiintain is 8U0 ieet abc** t the level olT the i$t. )t^awrenc6, presenting in sotti6 places the .appefiirance of a p, u'.-S.i^..i u- ■■-■t;.*^^Mh^ INFORMA^'r. <« n2i thri- i»nds i, or idla^ ^■^:^ it formed a small Islaiid; itt 'th6' midiit 6f an immense lake that covered tlflia stirronndifig country, and also New Lnglaiiid in the l^tates, and the whole of the Mohawk PlaifS, and the beautiful Lake Champlain. At th^ foot of the Mountain, and in the richly cnltivatei interisec- ~*tion, between it and the town^ are Several ele- gant villas, the residences of the public' fuftfc- tionaHes, merchants, and others of the town. i^This delightful spot, in the suiivner season, is tir appearance a perfect elysium ; and the view, **irom the top of the mountain, of the city, with ^ its numerous towers and spires, and the noble r waters of the St. Lawrence, flowing in a nia- " jcstic stream benekth, with the soft luxuriat^e ^of its highly cultivated banks, the numerous *'fcorn fields, and the rich pastures of the sar- "roundinj^ country, distanced by iihracnse ibrests» "form a ptinorama of the greatest interest. * ' Land is selling in the vicinity of Montreailt *1f 6tn 5/. to (J/, per acre, cleared and free frbtn "stumps ; anu as manure mAy be obtained from ^"the city in abundance, t think a fair prospect {>resents itself for investment of capital ; and* especially to those '^ ho are a iiltle fastidious, aiMi to Whom the appearance of numefO^s 111 i! r II • ^^t'"^ .122 *i^lftRA¥^aS , stumps in every flirectipii fwouJUi bjC a sourpe^of perpetMal irritation. (D unb omi okn'mihu Tho baulks of the river, frp^ hence to Prescot are thickly studded withlow^built houses, occu- pieil by the Canadian farmers and peasantry, and uumerovs Tavems--^these houses being tor theonost part wbite^washed, iotrm a lively con- tta^tto the surrounding s^eo^ryv Tliere are . several Rapids to ascend in proceeding to Pre.;- CQt, which renders the journey very tedious. As the batteaux are of necessity drawn by , horses, it consequently takes five, six, or seven days, and very frequently n^ore, in passing from Montreal to Prescot, a distance of only 127 miles. In addition to ,the, tedious time of pro- ceeding up the River, you have the unpleasantry of stopping at the Taverns each night, which, to a person with a family, is excessively harras- sing and unpleasant after a. long voyage, and wheQ every day is of the greatest consequence in proceeding to the place of your destinatiofi. The accomodations at these Taverns are, for the most psMrt, exceedingly sorry, and it often occurs, that for the want of a sufficient number of beds, very n^any of the travellers are driven-to the necessity of conteuting themselves with a ■K"'fHsSr" mm irv T> INFORM ANT. 123 impf fs ■ "shake down"— r(ro\\ themselves in a buffaloe's skin, and . pick , out the softest plank.) An^, although this is by no means uncommon to the American traveller^it is ;iot at aU consonant with tiie refined notions oi an exotic, who has been newly transplanted from the eastern hemis- ptiere, and who, it is quite natural to conceive, will require a little time to reconcile himself to the change of habits, a^ well as atmosphere, and who, on all fprmer occasions of a country excursion, it mnst be remembered, has been uiiiformly treated with wha^ is emphatically termed the best bed-room. To tliose, therefore, who are a little squeamish, and to waom ex- pehse is not an object, I would say, by all means go by coach to Prescot. Persons directing their course to the town- ships on the Ottawa, will take their route by that river from Montreal. Those for the to^ii- ships in Upper Canada, will proceed by the St. Lawreppe to Prescot. Or otherwise t^ke ad- Vantage of the Rideau Canal, which was opened on the 1st of July last. By this route th^y may proceed direct by steamer frpm Montreal, up the Ottawa River, to By-Town, opposite, the township of Hull, .where taking the Rideau m 11214 emigrant's directly down to Kingston.* This is a longer route, but by avoiding the tediousness' o^ the rapids, is performed in tntich less time ; and I believe very little enhancement of expences. From Montreal to Prescot, through La Chine* Lake St. Louis, Coteau du Lac, Lake St. Fran- ^iiifl^ Lancaster, and Cornwall, partly by steam, and partly by coach ; the cost will be about eight dollars, and the distance performed in two days ', sometimes, in little more than one From Montreal to Prescot in the Batteax, one dollar, sometimes li dollar ; to which add> ' provision, (say for si* days,) and expences at the taverns at night, about 2i dollars, making a total of 4 dollars. ^- From Prescottp Kingston by steam, distance 6!SS miles, fare 8 dollars in cabin, i doDar on deck. Or continuing on to Coburg-, distance 161 infles, or.Pprt Hope, I'^B miles, li dpHar. ^ i^rom Prescot to tork, distance 223 miles, lare S^oJlarson deck, or continuing to Dundas, 'lilstanceSfd mitea, 51 dollars. * 'All '■■'"''■ i '■ ' "^ But these charged it must be remembered tary a llltle, as tor instance, they sOmii m INFORMANT. 125 I! vhioi charge froin Kiogston to York, 2i dollars, or froQi kipgston to Niagara/ or Queenston, 2^ dol^ lars. Tbo long distaiices generally are less in proportion, therefor^, b^^ no means stop at any place short of your destination, unless you jiave actual business to transact. The cheap- est way for an Eipigrant a^d his family to pro- ceed will be, b^ tb'^ Batteaux to Prescot, and thence by schooner, or steamer, direct to the nearest port to his location. This mode of tra- velling, or by the Durh&^ boats, would take about 10 to 18 days. The Petworth party mostly proceeded in this way, and the cost was about 4t dollars per individual; to which may be added, (say provisions for 14 days,) 2 dol- lars, making a total of about 6 to 7 dollars. Along the banks of the St. Lawrence, are numerous pleasantly situated towns, which have hitherto been of some commercial impor- tapce ; but the opening of the Rideau Canal, will greatly retard the progress of commerce on this part of the $t, Lawrence. Prescot is a very good town ; the houses are for (he most part built of stone. Here are many very excellent stores, and large ware- ^plp, ^<^ wbftrfe fe kjding of ipods. The s 'J I ;■ J' ■H . If 126 emigrant's town contains a Roman Catholic Chqrph, a Frotestant Church, a Scot*^ J^ir^* , aflfl. i i^e^ thodist meeting house ; with many oilier good Ituildings. This town standing on thd direct Uti^ of communication by water from Kingi^ton td Montreal, and also on the high road betweeti the two towns, through which coaches are dally passing-, cannot fail of being a plac^ of coi^iderable importance. ^'^'^'];J"^ XM^aiu.*^; l^rescot is situatecl in tiie^towi^sbip of Au- gusta, in the Jfohnstown district, witli the ad- vantage of a good soil ill ine' surrounding ' Bi ock ville, is a very i^spcidtabTi^' iand fast i to- proving village, distant 12 |uiles from Prescot* on the road to Kingston, find 50 hdles froto that town ; containing two churches, and' many good building of stone; ttie residehces 6f per- sons of property. Opposite to Brock vill^, on th^iStaties side of the St. Lawrence, is the tdwn of 'Ogdansburgtt, a large place, of some pbnisiderabld mi^ortanc^> as regards its commerce. Brockville is isituat^^ i^ thietoWiisMp of Eli- zabeth. The surroundtiig: icountry is pretty well settled, and the soitisHch; and very prodiHIIH^^, IW^ORMAift. m good The price of Iitnid Vftiiesfrbm2 dollant, to 4 and 5 dollars per aei^$ aiecording to the quality* iihd the quantity clea^d. These prices also aj^ply td ih6 whole of the Johnstown district, and also the eastern district, which we hate liaised; and the Ottawa; ^nd Bathurst districts in the rear. Biit it mtt^t ti^ rememb^Jted, that ii very considera^Me ^tisintfty' of the land in these districts is .Waii^y : land which the Ca^ nadian Farmerk adAaii^e, htlt whfch I Wotild by no means recommend to n^W settlers. * 'fiy th^ dp^trfng 6r m Kid^kd CAnal, ithi fewnship 6f d6^o6de, |^arrti^6VOxfoitf, Mon- tague, Wolford; Elrasiey^^Kitky, and^ !fi(as(^ will be' greatly eniiiiiMWv^ifef^^ a direct water comniunii6^tt6n with l^iiigstpn* 1j(ie tliriviri^lit^ t:^ 6ove.rnmiBnf^ settled clj^fefly *liy l^mfgraiitis 6:bm Scbtlancl,^ in tne yeai' 1815; inany of whom, are now in the c^mfortaDie pos-. session or large farms, with respectaDlTe habit^ tW^t and have amasised good properties ; sowing at once iUe r^iitt of perseverance, ac- ( mi^^mmmmmmm mmmmmmm ifs «MJGtlANT*« ,^•.■ cpinp^^iedj l\y ^Industry #nd; m^^^h > i These .SejtMf^ h^ye pow ai ready msMrHet (^ith; e^^ ofi ICiotj^tpii, ^r ail the ift^kjfkl^fiJ^W th^S.^^. ^ay he enjil^ed to xainqf tnoUn':} 'er of ffonpi^ 1,000 .to l,?W, spwf^ qf , which are jit^le^mor-e^ tl^ao epeck^ rising f^bpye tlie water's .si|j[^ac^,w]¥ile others are rseyeralinil^^ in cir- ^ucajemnGe, ^ese Islan^^ ^re, for tiie most jjiart^ sterile aiidiiniiihabit^, except by a few pguatter^, mho employ themselves In making jafte»fof>,tl»e i^rpo floatiog down the Jriver. ^u>^r*^;i¥^!:^^^ ^:^tuate^AmtIe above, the Lake Pf tber 1,000, Isliin^, jon the -western l>ank .^ the Caitaraqui Creek^; with i;];ee^ and Point F^d^icon the opposite s^ove, t>n which is the Bock iTard and a Fort, and the Government £stab!isliment Sot the b$ccrs of the *! ard. And oA the same promontory at a shojit 4istaDce» ia Point Henry, where Is planjU rNPtHtATAN'tV* 12» '■■v,4* drd'n^nce iitepartinen^^^ a MagazRie,*an(l stand of arms;* also on a considerable eminence stands another Foirtj call^d^ Fbrt Henry. ^'\'*1 The town tot tbe most paft is wetl-birilt, and? some of the' hitiilkes: apjproucihing to something like elegance* Here ^e k vast nitmber of tery excellent stores of evei'y descrlptioti \ ihifefe^brii^ modiouS' llotelis,. ft ilbble" Protestant ChutcbC built oi'^torie, and alkoa small one^ of the saitie denomination; l^^ewise a Rdtnan Catholic €hapel, a Presb^terian^and a Methodist^CbapeK a spacious^ Cknnrt-house, iurinonnted by a hand-^ some doime, and tt Gaol under the same roof. The houses 'sae mo^ly ' biiilt' bf stone, kdd ihkf foot paths' of/the street!^ tire piaved '^ttii flogsi One thing I cannot omit to^ mention, which is, the slovenly delapidated appearance of many of . the houses, so familiar to those who have tra-' veiled in Iceland/ Where in most of the towns itnd' cities ai^ to be seeii, housed left 'hi U' half nnfinisbiH] state, * with ve^y niatiy iifihiofed, and half tumbling to the ground, for want- bf timely^ repairs; thii»^ I think tii^itles nie to write 6ff a considerable discount from the otherwise plea^ sing appearance of the- towffo^Kki^i^toiji Tha population of Kingston, is between three' ^nd four thousand, a great portion of which are '(! w m KMIIO RANTS ^rifh* with m*ny Scots, j^nd Americans, aad ^ ii^ht 9prinU9 Qf English. Here is u good market, i^bich is wqU >uppli€4 vritli mea^, ve- letabl^s^ smd fruit of alniipeit^ ^y^^y descrip- tip». Qai]|i9 is nqt verjr plentif^i/iji in. the marltet ^ener^ly; the ret^oq assigjiitd is» tl^e free li- l>erty of ghootifi§r when you please* ^hicb in all piroba^Ui^y n^kes the majority of persons care- le^ abppt ^hoptii^; at all. J^ow« ver (^e deficjonr qypf j|[^m|9fmdTenisoD i|L the market, is fully ma49! tip J^ t^:Qa«e with, vrhic4^yc\u may obtain it 16:0m; tl^ Indikai^it it is,l^ no iQ^a« nncom- mon to g^t the h^unpb oit^ good fat bucl^ fi:oui one of the^ ImUatta« fo^ jifilf a gallon pi wbis- key, th^ )^alue of which is ooe £fbilling^ a , . , The Jiapd in tbe vicinity of Kingston, isf mise- rably pooi;^ abjpunding with roi;k^ and largje u^as* $es of broken stone. Th^ promontory on which the Qo^(^rnment £sta,blishments are( situated, i^ part of the township of . Fit^burgbi mth ^ ]pox;tipn of good l«Mid« b^t foif the mo^ part very indifferent. ,iiiii»oi)io md In the township 9^ ]if^iiig>ton, SQUie five or SIX mUm ba^> <|hie land ^ of pretty* good qua- lity, but much oj^ it ta^eniU9>. by Iftf gestoses IN FORM A NT. idi f The townships ou the waters qf t\m Bay . o^ Quints, viz. — Earnest TawQ, Fredericksbiirigh, Adolphus Town, Marysburgb, Hallowell, So- phiasburgb, Hiliiar, and Ameliasbargh, possess generally good soil, with the ex.ception of sotoe swamps in HlUiar, and Ameliasburgb* Those tpwn3hips foim a chain of Islands along on^ side of the beautiful Bay q( Quints, for a dis- tance of ^fty rail^s. The scenery of this Bay is delightfully pictu- resque, with the gre» of rich meadows, terminating at the waters edge» and good farm houses presenting themselves at short distanqes froni each other, and brc^ei^ into sections by. the rich foliage of the rf^pining forests* A sail dpw^ this bay reminds me strongly of the iertile banks of the Shannon^ or the luoi^ su))lime and enchanjt- ing scenery on the borders of the wate^'^ of Ay re, —the recollection of which, induces a train pf reveries that t turn^ with transport of inejQ^able delight, to ponder those scenes ithat arQ *'(^.*z parted never to return ["'—when I have wa^^.. dere^ alone on the bapks of the c^ysta^ streams of the waters of Ay^'e, :and have gazed on. t^ humble cpttagepf Burns, and thought; oiv tha beautiful simplicity of his mountain daisy^-and aj^plied the moral to humanity. — When ^b^ Ids BWIGItAN'r'9 imagination has ^ndly traced hini fn the Vari- ous touches of pure nature,— the Cotter's Satur- day Night, the Tw'a Dogs; the Brigs of Ayre^ with the intmitabfe talc of Tam O'Shantei*, and the pathetic lines- to> Ms Highland Mary ; and lastly, when my thoughts haVe rambled in the grey twilight of a sumu^er's evening, to the solitary walks of the chtirch-yard orUunifries ; where I have paused on the tablet, that points out his cold bed to the eye of the passing strau* ger, and stood in deadTy silence! when in the witching stillness of the night, all nature seiemed to pause ; t6 lead to contemplations ofdeparted hours ! — departed' friends ! — to ti-ace the various scenes that havA ^or ever fled ! the numerous fViends that haVe passed into eternii y !— -ijow oiteii in fancy's vision, with spells htilesliort of enchantment, have I lolterca on that spot of endearment, where sleeps in peace,,tne remains otth^bnce t9.med Rbbert Riirnjs ; whose ashes mingle with the dtustdt many 61' my earliest ancestry ! when pfl^rchancc a whtsp'er stole ;upon^ the mind, (soft iid the gentt^' zephyrs when wanned by the genial influence of a summer '4 Sttfi,>Yhis lot must soon be diiae !— life, like the ok> qh which it elists, wben seeming to stand^ still* rolls rapidly and silently on ; and in the INFORMANT. 133 inklsjt of planping schemes anew — tbe glass has run ! *Ti8 wisdom then, to subdae our fondness fof ,the world* to seek in solitude the noble en. e^gies of tbe soul, and hold communion with divine inspiration^ to enable us to turn to futuru scenes ! — to instruct us in the omnipotence of of time, and warn 4is to prepare for worlds that lie beyond the grave ! —But my readers will say, I am rambling on the hanks of the waters of Ayre^ and musing like Hamlet over tbe graves of those that wei« f* once wont to set the table in a roar/' — when I ought to be prosecuting my journey dit^he Aoi^<>fli^ce Ontario/ '•^^'<^t voiiujiiJ ;^^ ..ii 'id. V:;ii;J'!t. i. *ii>^ J ^ seti^ement ' on tile tiay of Quints, is th^* oliflest in the upper province ; it was commenced at the tcrniination of the revolutionary war^ and is now f pretty considerably" cleared, and the settlers arfi of the most respectable charac- t'<^r. The village of fiath, is pleasantly situated jon the northern ,bank of the Bay ; at a distance of eighteen miles fron^ the town of jCingstoiif ^f],Jn the, township of Loughbproiigh^ tp-th^ vear l9^f,Pitsbiirgh, the. soil is of middling quality; iipd |*|[^tl9^, in the rear of Kingston, is by no JHeaBS toi bQcoyetec^ abounding in swamps and ■I (-1 , ■* •'•y-tti •H.flvr.ii, ■ t^*' •■' -Jfcfci£>, >l- 3:'i'f' the concessions in the rear, whith are badC The Napanee River, wMch flows f^om a sma!t lake in the township pf Loughborotigh, waters the townships of Portlanct, tJamden^ and ttijch- ,inond ; and.empties itself in the Bay of Quint^, about ten miles above the village. of Bath. ' \ Thurlow, possesses atplerably good soUg fL^<^ is adyantag^usly situated on thebayofQuinitd* 3ydney is also a good soil for the most part, ai|d is situated on the same bay/ ^^***^ /*^' Ifungerford, and Tyendinaga, possess gene- 'rally a bad soil. Bedford, jHiiiehinbrook, and Sheffield, are by no means soifs oif^ood quality. And in the townships sti!^ farther in rear^ th$ land is worse; with the exc^pltJdn of som^ godd soil in the townships of Itowden and Macfdox. Pursuing the route in a westerly our^, through the centre of the township of Hamilton/ to the Rice Lake. A large sum (I beUeve 600/. cuvn rency), borrowed from the Bank of Upper Canada, on the responsibility of the Magistrate of the division, has been judiciously expended on this road in the course of the summer. It is expected that the amount of taxes on absentee lands, which is to be levied next year, will «neet the expenditure. On both sides of tbe road the Canada Company hold lands, in general of a good soil ; those nearest to Cobourg being the most eligible for immediate sale. It is now proposed t6 open a branch road from this to ,meet the Cavan road, near the head of the Rice Lake. The line selected will serve those lots belokiging to the Cohipany which lie in the 6th &. 7tb concessions of Hamilton, from the 20th lot westward. The soil of Hamilton is generally a sandy loam. On the western part of the town- ship, it is clayey. Very extensive ridges border the Rice Lake, which, from being bare of timber, are called the Rice Lake Plains ; the fioi! is a mixture of sand and clay, in Tariotis proportions, according to the elevation, on the high lands sand prevails, and vice versa ; the whole is, in general, capable of cultivation, but from a ^m^^^ INrORMANT. 137 wa. ' of wodd and water, it is said, would answer best lor sheep-waHvS. lo most parts Uie plough could be used at once. The large grants held by absentees, in Hamilton, have prevented the settlements extending beyond the 4th con- cession, exoeptiag on the western boundary, and a few on the Rice Lake. f-ay/ & j„w iiitsf ^Jitt The following sale has come to my know- ledge, viz.: — 'i Edward Ellis and Co., of London, by their Agents Forsyth and Richardson, of Montreal to David Sydey. No 16, in 5 con., Hamilton* 200 acres at l^. per acre ; 25/. down, and the rest in 5 annual instalments with interest. The sale was made in the course of the summer ; tho lot is good, and on the Cobourg road. t t^' The townships of Monaghan and Otanabee» Hre divided by the Otanabee river froin the 'ttortheru shores of the Rice lake. Otanabee, though it has an excellent soil in general (loam iiipon clay)) has been but very partially settled '{IFhis if} mainly to be attributed to its distance fifrom, and difficulty of access to, market ; these bbjectious arc now removed ; the roads en all sides lieing improved, and gprist and saw mills built in the township (lot 13, -on (ith conces- sion), as also at Peterborough, i^roin the Go- bour^ road a ferry is established across the Rice i'i I ((f ■■ 138 KMIGRANTV } lake, where a road runs from Banister's Land^ iogy northerly untill it branches on the 18th lot . ][>etween 10th and llth concession ; eastward, through a settlement to the mills, and thence to ' Asphodel ; and northerly, with scattering sot- tlcments on the line to Peterboi*o\ !riiere are numerous swamps in the township, an(| sandy plains skirt the Rice lake sboie. The settlers in Otanabee are chiefly from the lowlands ; the rest arc highianders, aofd a lew English. The •road through Otanabee to Peterborough is improving. The town plot of Peterborough is in the north east anfle of the township of Monaghan. Jt is >laid out in half acres, the streets nearly at right angles with the river; Park lots of nine ' acres each, arc reserved near the town. The >• patent fee on each, is, 8/* provincial currency, . and office fees and agency, will increase it 15s. ? or20«. more. The settlement commenced in 1815, at which ■if time it formed the dep6t of the emigration under e the Hon. P. Robinson. The situation is most J favourable, bein^; on an elevated sandy plain, watered by a fine cieek, which discharges into - the river below the town. The country round is fertile, and there is great water power on the INFORMANT. and* hlot e to sot- are ndy Uers ) the The h IS lopfh It is y at nine the ocy. town-plot, on which mills are now being built by the government. These mills are on an ex- tensive scale, being calculated to pack 40 bar- rels of flour ; and the saw mill to cut 3,000 feet of boards per diem. .;vr^a^^,.,,,,,.;i,^^^^,,,^a^.r.: A very sui>stantial frame bridge has beeu thrown across the Otanabee river at this place. There are now upwards of twenty buildings in Peterborough, including one store^ which does an extensive business, and another now being built. There is a medical practitioner, and two clergymen resident here (Episcopolian, and Roman Catholic), and a school, to which go- Tcrnment allows a liberal aid. , i . .^^ The township of Smith is a peninsular, formed by the mud or shallow lakes, which divide it from £nnismore, and Harvey, and the Otana. bee river, which separates it from Douro. th« doil is a loam ; in the north-east angle it is rocky. Ihe settlement was commenced, about nine years ago, by a small body of Cumberland mi- ners, who were located by government on either side of the Indian portage, from the Otanabee river to Mud Lake. This is about seven miles over, and the road is tolerably good. To these emigrants^ on depositing a sum of money^ I be- ' t ■« VMl 140 /.MrnRANT'^ i lieve I0//to each head' bfafetnily, a free pas- sage was aflbrded ; the money was retbrned when their settlement was completed. '^^^' These settlers are now independent fj^rmers, although at first several had their own exertions alone to depend upoii. The principle of a deposit, in all cases where aid is given to emigrants, is well worthy conside- ration, rt is a guarantee for their good inten- tions, a guard against a fickle disposition, and .a reserved fund in tiihe of heed for th6 emigrant. Since the period spoken of, many emigtanU from the north of Ireland, aiid more lately 'frnm the south, have settled in Smith. Itis iti ge- neral well settled to the 7th concession, and on Mud Lake to the 1 Ith concession. Canada Coin- pany lands, within this range, are the most eligi- ble for immediate sale. Several families under ttie snperintendehce of Mr. Robinsoin, hav6 beeh located as far back as the 12th and 13th coti. cessions* The lakes and other waters, bdrder- ing on Smith, abound with the maskan6ng& and bass, and Clear Lake, (betwieen Douro and Smith), with salmon trout, to the Weight of B0/6s. and 40/A.v. The canal which has 1)ee^ii spoken Of between the biay of Quints and take INFORMANT. i4l SiiDcoe, it is supposed will cross tbc peninsular near the base. Several of the miners informed me, that being in search of a salt spring, they had discovered on the 27th in 10th concession ; Smith, C, G, a spring, which in sqif^U an4^te> resembles that of Gollsland;'^ ' ^- m f\ ft* .^iv^* ,^ The townships ofDouro, Emily, and Ennis- more^ or the Gore of Emily, have for the most part be^n settled by the emigrants of 181^5. >«^, ,^y The soil of Douro is calcareous ; there are large syvamps scattered through the township; the best lands are at a distance from the waters, and particularly on the eastern boundary, and the mos$ eligible lots for sale, are those approx«> imating to Peterborough. Mr. Robinson's em^ grants are located on the front third of the town^ ship; the rest has been located by militiarmen chiefly, scarce ^iie of whom has performed the i^ttlement duties required. The lands will of course revert to the crown, and as the localities are daily improving, will no doubt be speedily settled- The settlers are exerting themselves ip opening roads, ^r^^^^ The township of Pummer, which lies to the east of Douro, resembles it in soil. The front is generally good), the reaj ri?cky. There is no IV m ..>. 142 'emigrant's ( i , settlement in this township as yet; the most «ltp^ble lots for immediate skle, are those on the front A larf»e creek calM the Squaw-kone- gaw, tak 3 its rise in a sm^ll lake within fifty H)r sixty rads of a bay of th§ large lake on the Otanabee river* They are sq)erated by a rocky ridge, at the highest not more than six or seven feet above the level of either lake, and as the rockt rise abmptly on either side, a ravine is tbrmedj down which part of the water? of the Otanabee find at passage in the spring flood. Wei-e it at any time to become an object (for the sake o( mills, &c.), by tbi^wing ft dam across the Otanabee river, at 25th in the 4th -concession of Douro, a certain supply of water might b^ at all times diverted dbwn the S<|iiaw- kone-gaW'; and this again might be regulated by a sluice dam on the ravii^e which it is be- lieved is on 30th lot in #th cohcession, Dum- .' C ' Ci- ' ■•>ii,,j»-»**''js ^ ■ * mr! ) This very extraordinairy connexion of wdtcirs, is met with in other parts of the province. I would instance the Salmon rivers and tbe M genei]^)y good* s«Ady loam^ on the bills, ^, the fiats fii^dJin the va)l(ey8> clayey loam* Ibf township is for the most partlevel» an4 has nnmeroqs^wamp^; es^(}\9^}^. toward^ the, fear, jipd, Q» tho line 9f .Pigeoj|i qpeek^, wJ|ipjt^,^Ay^fp;- #es ithe towns^p. Boayer m^o^f aro frF S^W'J^wei'l on jwMi:^^. Ivj^ l?th and Wih in 8tb conpies^if^; aaec^fid on6^ ^Atb: eoncessipiL 4 ^w^^^ grist-miU $|i b^in^ kam m 19*. M 4^fe uld have .never found utterance had a portion been ex- ^nded in opening toads, building mills, &c. ^$uCh improvements Would ensure a^ore speedy and satisfactory settlement than any penal con- ^ditidns annexed to grants of land. ^ A waggon road has been opened for about ^itie years from Port Hope; following the bounding line betweeri Hope and Hamilton, m i . ' s n ,. "^'ii'"'-'^ ■'".' A_v'*--frU'_'iit_-jjj J.-.; jji.i;i ^lli il 146 KMI0RANT8 I I Oivati and Monaghan, to Emily and SmUlr. The line of foad is broken by ridges and f wamp^* «t wbicb i^laoeB mqcb laboi^r will b^ rQquivqd to^makiO it gpod. It is at all ^imes p^s5a))Ic. .^ j: Cavan wa» iirat settled in 1817, at this timp scarce a lot ijemoinn unlo^ated (except jresprves); tbe soj^j^ generally gopd, sai>dy loam ;upon t\^p west V on tbe east inclined to clay ; in tt^ftii^t rather light. Those lots next Monagb^n.^ar^ the most elif^ble for immediate sale^ The tovvif- ship is! well watered, and possesses numerous sitei^ foe saw-mills. Tbere^s already buiUi apd at work> ofiie< gridt aii4 saw mill on Eil^Jp 4th concession: one ^it»t milljpn loth, in. 4th coacension* There are 5stpreH apd,9 ,disti|jlj9-^ n»» ii^:.tb« town«|h)p,, The mills arp i^ed.^qr the vbome oansnmiptioq ^Iyj),t;li|« mirplu^ wbe^t being sent to imafketjatPgivt |ippe« 'J^hejrac^ jority of the inhabitants of Cavan, are fvifv^ th^ north of Jjfc^ndi tb^ reiioai^der; English, and from the souths v^fXrel^fl. 1f^ .firsfy ||^, is b^lieiredf arf their ovi^.' .-v;,? j.-jt" frm^^ -.Ki^itRv^f^/^H.^ .. Th^.Ej^eopal (iburch Atands on 1^ in lOtb con* ; ai mipsipnary , )ias been resident irem, ti^p ^rst settlement of the township. There are six tjV. ^ INFORMANT. 147 schools scattered throagh the townslum with < from twenty-five to forty^ scholars each. The clearings are large and in good order; frame barns are numerous, but the dwellings are- yet of logs. ^* Ji'l*'^"^ ''*if*^'^' M^ *^^-"'i*' Monaghan was settled at the same time as Cavan, chiefly by English. The soil is loam upon clay. The township is generally well - settled, with the exception of some large grants ' on the Idth con., and on the ilice Lake. It is^^ well' watered, but without mill sites, except at - Peterborough. In this, as in all the adjoining ^ townships, the timber for the most part remains ^ uninjured; the roads are yet n^w, buttbid'illhai- ^ bitants are making exertions to impro\^e them. ' There are two families in this township, whoso ■' exertions and success deserve mention. Both ^ came out with limited means abont^ight yeHit ' since. i; ■.• ^- .; -; The Rutherfords, from Jedburgh in Scotland^ ^ had in 1826, about d() head of horned' battle; ^ besides grain and meadow ldn4. — Smith^oti, ^ from Yorkshire, raiSd, upon the average, siiif i acres of wheat every year." - '^tii^ John Smith, JciHi Dep» Pro i Surveyor^ .,.<{% Cobourg, I4th Dec. iS'27, . ^^^. ll 1 ,1 ! i n ^^4^ <2 Mm I? A NT's • NV *5" ivlDuiittg the six years that have elapsed since this survey was made, the country througfh the whole of this district has made rapid strides ' . the march of improvement ; and is daily incrc^ ing in the value of its lands, and tlie impor- tance of its trade and commercial resourceis. The road^) are greatly improved, and many new ones have been cut, from the various newly established settlements to the principal roadn. The before-mentioned settlement of Peterbo- rough, is in a thriving state, and the settlers are extremely happy ; they are delighted with the prospect which presents itself for the future happiness, and prosperity of their families ; and grateful to the authors of their removal, frpm siturxtions of the moif^t abject poverty and wretchedness, to a station of comparativj .^^P and affluence* How do I wish that the many thousands of |ny countrymen, who are at this moment, suffer- ing under the cruelty of tyranical oppressj^,i^viMi ,p.ii jtn m Ul 11 ' \ >i ;; ?■' .V-i \\ m ■■■■■i k f-r^ 150 KMIG RANTS n * **' Continuing on the line of the Dundas street, IVom the before-mentioned little town of Co- bour^, and at a distance of Fixty-sevcn miles fi'oni that plkce, you arrive at the Capital of Upper Canada. - Tork is well situated in the township of Y6tk.^ in the Gore district ; and on the north side of a good harbour on Lake Ontario, in Uititude 43o ^ir N. and longitude 79o 20* west. The plot of ground allotted to it extends a mile aiid a half along vau harbour, but is not yet ail built upon* Thfe streets are commodious, and \fell laid out, crossing at right angles. The houses are very many of them built of wood ; but l^jere are some good buildings of stone 9r.1i bricjk. Host of the houses of late date are of stone* The town contains the Goveroment House, the House of Assembly, where the proviocial Par- lia ant generally hold their sittings, the Pro- ' ' vindal Bank, an Episcopal Chnrcb, a Scot's Kirk, and a Baptist Chapel, and two or three Meeting Houses of different sects* Here is also and the new Parliament House* The entraacc to the harbour i^ protected by a battery ; and warn s^m •^^ INFORMANT. 151 a' itarHsoii is also stationed near the town, with barracks for the troops* The town contains Uttineroiis good stores and taverns ; and being; the place of residence for the Governor, and 0)%cers of the army, and others, it is certain to iit^crease rapidly on the score of improvement ; and ^0 those v'ho bring with them a taste for re- fined society, York, presents advantages, supe- rior to any other place in the Upper Province. This town, the site of which in 1793, con- tained but one solitary Indian wigwam, ha: now a population of upwards of 4000 inhabitants. In 1794, it was fixed upon as the Capital of UppfT Canada, and was commenced under the supenatendance of the late General Simcoe, then Lieut. Governor. The harbour of York is cir- cular, formed by a narrow neck of land> which stretches westward from the township of Scar- borough, the extreme point of which is called Gibraltar Point; this peninsular terminating in a curve, forms a beautiful and commodious basin,, capable of couJtaining an immense num- ber of vessels. This town is distant from Mon- treal 3«'>5miles. In the rear of YiorT' is an. excellent roac), called Yonge-street. which leads in a direct line \\ I i .! m •« 1^2 F.MrORAHT.S Jl ',i' ioGwilliamhurg, thirty- two miles to the north- ^var d, and on the borders of Lake iSimcoe ; being five miles from Cook's Bay, ou that l^k«. The land ou either side of this road is of excels Jent quality, and .possesses the advantage of a .ready access to the market of.Xork; where it may find a ready sale for the consumption ofthe t^owu, or may lite shipped at tht^t port for the Lower Province. ■j'Kinih. '■ Proceeding from York on the road for Dun- das, which is distant forty-two miles, are seve- ral creeks and rivers, one of which^ the river Credit, abounds with salmon and salmon-trout> which are caught and sent to every part of the country westward. These salmon, sell at 80«. to 36$. per barrel, of 2i)iHbs, weight. This river is distant from York, eighteen miles, between which, and York, is the river Umber, at a dis- ' tance c^' tiiiiie miles f^m that town. ^'^^A; Itttfe^ to the v^astward of Ywk is another llMhibnfisherV, between that town and Big Bay. These ^sli cOiiie np the rivers a considerable "distance to ispawn, and are then caught by spearing. ; nets not being allowed in the river, Je^t they should dei^troy the whole of the fi«h. The township of Scarborouijh, I'ickerin*?, and / j^ mm iHvokiiXTf^lf, ' 155 Wbitby, are chiefly ot a lioht dandy loam. They are " pretty consider abh/' settled witli Ameri- catis. These townships lying on the shore of Lake Ontario, to the east of York, and on the direct line of Communication from Port Mope, to the Capita), by Duiidas-street, are likely to become thriving places. ^ : - ; 3 ..» i • ■ ^ The township of Ettiboco^e, is for tTie most part, of a loose sandy soil. There are also cedar swamps, and was this township nut situ- ated on the Doudas-streetjineof road, the di- rect route by land from York to Dundas, Ha- milton, and the whole 61 the western country, I should ijay decidedly, that they were better calctllated for Atherican settltM'S (of which there are very ikiah^ already), than for Euro- l#eaQS ; the Americans bein^ more used to clear- ing such lands, and consequently better adap- ted to the task. Thiere are however some very fertile spots, irhich being on the shores of the lake, and contiguous to the capital, are parti- cularly eligible. Tne lands iii the vicinity b[' Yoi'k, are in a good state of cultivation, with many good gardens, and orchards; and at a sb«M't distance to the west o^ the town, is au extensive* nursery, in a very thriving state. * k\ If m . — j;,^ ^.^ ^^ ■ ^^ * w» 4.J1 i'ii*»* t'iiiii ^^!ipp^«H^^Pian glishman. , Ut Thid thriving little town is lonti^ous^ tcr Haniiiltcn), lirhirh is spoken of in page 81 ; both of vrhitih, iviil unquestionably bec^mie placeis of the grehtest importance, in their cclrnfMercial i»elatidnship with the western country. '-^^ Three miles distant frdm hence; and on a beautiful serpentine road, through n romantic undulating, arid partly mountfunous country. 'v 1 ::!l 15(1 KMICKANTS I (on the. road to Brantfort, which is on the Ouse, or grand river, and also leading to Talbot- street), stands the town of Ancaster; plea* santly situated on the edge of an eminence;* oTerlookiug the before. mentioned picturesque country, to a very considerable distance. The town of Ancaster, is a thriving, and I may add, healthy place. The population is about 600 souls. This place is the property (with very few exceptions) of four brothers, of the name of Crooks ; natives of Scotland. No traveller wanting information, as to the rela- tive localities of the country, should pass the hospitable /o^ftmnston of Matthew Crooks, with- (iut calling to make the necessary enquiries; where they would never fail, to "have their claims allowed.'* Here are many good hbuses> also two distilleries, a brewhouse, and tt large grist-mill ; and a very neat Presbyterian Church. The country riound Ancaster, and Dundas* is well settled, and in a very thriving conditioif^^ Great qiian^ties of wheat is raised in the neigh?^ bourhood, which sells readily for casli,' at from ^. 6d. to 4s. 6d. per bushel. ■ On the river Quse, is a settlement of Indians* extending, six miles in bi'eadth, along theshoies. mise, ibot- )lea* mce, ique INFt»RMANT. 157 of th'j river. ThU settlement is called the land of the six nations. There is also another re- serve for the six nations, at the north-western ly^tremity of the Gore district. . ;♦ , . vi ...vv • The township of Waterloo, in the rear of Dumfries, is a fast improving place, and pos. Jesses gopd soil ; with the advantage) of the road from Hamil^pn, tp Goderich, passing through it* Her^islikewise ano^ther road, which inter- sects this township, commencing at the flourish- ing town of Guelpb, and. uniting with the Ha- milton road in nearly the centre of the township ; at a distance of about, thirty miles from Ha- milton* >^vJ-Aih ft tn •j'--"*h-r-,* f: . Waterloo, ifl; chiefly settled by Dutch, and presents a striking feature of the capabilities of Upper Canada^ in becoming one of the finest countries in. the world. M any of the farms are laid out ia the most regular order, with not a stump remaining. The crops thrive luxuriant]^ ; « and, the : orchards , are teem ing with abundance of the richest fruits. The buildings are of supe- .cior ordor,/^aQd the fai*ms are well stocked ; altogethei* presenting an appearance of the ihapi^ ;^fiGmbtft of industry and perseverance, blended with a practical knowledge of fir^t rate !( /' m ffr ma»^h 168 KM1GRANT*S ^tisbandry. — It is* proverbial in Canada, 'and likewise in the United States, that the Dutch and the Scotch make the best fanners. ' ' The township ot WilmOt, is d^irably situa- ted, adjoining the western side of Waterloo; at the western extremity oif the GOre district, and bordering the Huron tract ; with the ad- -vantage of the before-mentioned road froth Hamilton to Goderich, and the conjunction^ the road from Guelph : these roads after form- ing an union, as I have before stated, in the .township of Waterloo; runs in a direct' line ^through Wilmot, and taking the northern side I of the Huron territory, at a distance of about rlten miles;; from its northern boundary^ conti. .iiiue$ directly on to Grodericb* ^j In the township of Garrafr^a, lying at the ^iDorthrcastcrn extremity of the- districty lands .iiuay be. puirchased at two doUais per a6i«» and ;niBQmfiin»t4Dceft Ic^sa; but tbe want of isoads |4in that part . of , the .district, render it > iby - :no i-means eligible. ; The : township, of Erramosa, Nassagiweya, ^^'and .Pusiincb> all possess a good>«oil ; but the wantof roadsis an extensive drawback to their vahie.. ; : ■Sti'. I ' ■ ■ .r: vff'-^r'^''^' ^•^__,Z i/-. ,4IA. .■uv INFORMANT. 159 Eqiicaing, and Erin* also in the rear of Tra- falgar, are subject to the same disadvantage. Unless a man has some little capital, with a more than ordinary share of patience and per- severance, the chances are at least three to one, of his ever performing the settling duties. In which case, after a series of toil and hardship, the land reverts to its original owner. , ,., ,^. ,. Beverly is considerably enhanced in vaSte by ♦^he line of roaH trom Hamilton to Wilmoti and Goderich. It ' soil is clay and sand, and capable of being worked to adyantage. ^'^^ Barton, and Saltfleet, pos.^ss a tolerably good soil of clay and sand, and have the advan- tage of roads and onills, and are situated front, ing Burlington Bay- These advantages, com- bine to materially enhance their value. Glandf^rd, and Binbreok, are chiefly com- posed of r- heavy cold clay.; and wfuit the ad- vantage^.: o< both roads and mills. Passing to the Home district, and oi^ wbjf^ I have already remarked ; I deem kaiUy no^es* sary to say, that in the whole of thiilt eiLtensivo « district, containing upwards - 'fl<^ Km milGHANl'^S J. Huron ti^ftrt,ttnd which I lia*ire dlfeady de- jsci'ibed), there is scarcely an acre t^fland bu^ may be turned to the moi^t valuable purpose*) o^' hii.- ... ..,«. \- , This district is vv^Jl watered throughout with Innumerable i^treams, and well timbered; coiw taining abundance oi' Sugar Maple, so valuable to the settler. Here i» also numerous, Beaver dams, which are highly serviceable. Having now traversed the whole of the pro. yjnce, and poiated aut, what i cancel ve to be the most eligible situations for the settlm* ; ^ it only remains to return to the banks of the Nia- gara, for the purpose of noticing the spot^ which fornM an interesting feature io Caoadian history as the battle field, on i^iob General ^Tockfell, Mobile commanding the troops, which defended the frontiers against the incursions of GenecalMc. dure. At the conflqence of the Niagara, with Lake Ontarloj^ands the bustling little town of Nia. IHFO«ArAN'F.. 161 I gara. This town is possessed of an cx( ellcui harbour, %vhicli istlie coostaotscene of activity^ and no inconsiderable slmre o£ gaity. Here are arriving sloops with merchandise, while qthers are taking their departure, freighted with the produce otMhe husbandmen; and bound to the various ports on the Ontario, and the St. LciWr rence ; also numerous steam-boats,^ passing up and down,, with; company ta view the grandeur of the falls ; and very many elegantly dressed females, some from the States"! ^m£&V with not a few ** fromEaglaml I catculatey' all make up a mixture of such mingled, business lik^ appearance, and faciaating gaiety ; together, with the sublime grandeur of the fulls, as can- not fail (aftei: the monotony of the woo Is), in having the most exhilaniting and euchauting •ffects upon the animal spiidts. ^^^^ The town of Niagara was reduced to ashes t)^ the Americans, under General Me. Clurc, during the war in 181 d, at the time of the bura> ing of Buffaloe on the States skle^ by the Bri- tkh. But has since been rebuilt, and is now in ^ir' flourishing eonditiou, ooutaining upwards of ^^,0U0 inhabitants, with well buili hoiu^\s, and numerous streets ; several exceiiunt taverus. 9f I. * in 162 KMr^RANT'» and a market, vrYach it^ held once a week^ and' Tery respectaM^r attended by th« neighbonring larmers. This town supports two ]iew«pap«i^Sy and In every respect,, presents a prospect of tiecoming: a fhmrishtng town of business* The town is protected by a fast, called Fort and farther op, on thc- American shore, is Lewistown^ Proceeding from Niagara on the Canadian side oftheriror, you arrive at Ihe Queenstowa heights, where was fought the battle in which Brock fell, and o\\ the highest eminence stands a monument, (which is a 126 feet in height, and 21 in the base), to the memory of the gallant General, and his bravd ass<>ciates, who fell ia that memorable battle. ?*'-* At' the foot of the heights, and at a didtancb e^ seven miles: from the town of Niagara, is tbci village t>fQueenstown, delightfuliy situated on tliebanksof the ooble river; This village con- tains a population of 500 souls, with several good stm^s and taverns; also a church, a court house^ atrd large Government stores. Four ut KM^ICRANTS re^ rniTes back of hence, on a small creek, is the village of 8t. Dand'ft^ a. ueajt and healthy ■M ■ little place. '' ^'^ ttf»'nU'»»l»f^^*>f?»i^f* ' }) Ten miles farth^t* vtptUU ifidllfe»itfiefttn,ls rtid^ Tillage of GWppawa,. situated: at thie head of the iklis. Tiii.s village contsain* aJiout 200» inhabitants. Here is> likewise a small fort, and; 'a' barrack. n mi-i imrimm':^ ■ -uunfm On an eminence of SOD* feet above the top of the falls,. i& a splendid liotel, commanding aii extensive view of the falls, and rapids, tvith the river above; and also the surr4>unding cinntry on both sides of the river, to a considerable ex- tent. This Hotel is a place of fashionable; resort, and duru^^ the summes is crowded: wit& company^ , Here is- likewise another establishment of the^ same elegant description* And on the States: ^(^,ax6 three very large Hotels, fitted up in tl)c^ most superb stylel;^ and capable of accpm-^ SMidating^ aa immense number of visitors, ,^^^y Sixteen miles^ farther up the river, is Ft>rt Erie, Mrhicb I have alrea«[y^ described^ as l>eing: ^e place where the ferry crosses, from. Black, rack on the States side ; whore it miay be re«» H ■til m^: inf(>rota?*t;. T04 mcmbcred I crcKSScd with my travellers, who came by the way of New Y'ork. On the various roads through Canada, there are numerous taverns, and houses- o£ entertain- ment, so that the tourist, or the emigrant, need be under no apprehension as to the probability o£ sleeping in the woods, or dining (as old Xiord Melville once recommended to the poor ofScot^ land), on the tops of the Uramblet». In the m.ost sorry taverns* the traveller wUl be able ta obtain a ** shake down" or ** a bunk." And although it must be admitted that the Canadiaa eooks> are not exactly what many of my rea- ders may have met with at DoUy*s Chop House or the London Tavern ; yet with a good appe- tite, the man who is- not curious in his eating may " get along" pretty well, as there are few taverns but can supply you with a dish of 'Uaise»and lick" and a *' pretty eonsidtrahle" portion of the much^ eitecBaed *' Jbtiny cake,** and ** punkin* pie,** the i^nd'ard dishes- in every genuine American estftblishment. Or should they be detieient in these dc/tcoet^r you arc certain of being able- to obtain a dtsbof " nmsh and miik" A'iM the traveller must not be4isap- pointed, if, instead uf the dapper looking, halir ^^r Tf>4 INFORMANT. 165 ifriVolous, and French tonseurAUke appearance of the waiter, with a neatly turned leg, and nicely fitted silk stocking into the bargain, he is treated with a breakfast, served up in the true Canadian style, by the hands of a bare legged honmj lossy f — who, by the way, has all the disposition in the world to please, and will most probably, unasked Jbr, bring you " your bitters" to your bed side in the morning, with as much devotion as Hebe, with tide golden gob- let of delicious nectar-; waited a£ the footstool of Jupiter.— If during your repast your olfac- tory sense is regaled, by the delicious perfumes from a " well seastmed short {npe^ with which the worthy host, or his wife, —nay hot unfre» guentlylds da«^ter, — ^may be*** taking a smoke** you must, by no means, feel annoyed ; biit re- gard it as one of those happy circumstances which are incidental to men who travel for the sake of seeing the world, to enable them to form Tkn opinion on the different grades of society^ Hitid the various touches of light and shade, ^hich distinguish *' men and manners/' . * But as it is right to judge the man by the ^rfections, or imperfections, of the heart, and not by mere externals, the few pecidiars that UG •EMIGRANT* 1M^-1?' 1 have here narrated, are Init tiff Kttle imiKMrt, when contrasted with the genuine unfi^gnfcl hospitality, which abounds throughout the who|« range of the settlements, in both the provioiceib There is not a farm house, or cottage, in which there lit not a seat ibr the passing stranger, apd a cheerful welcome, that he cannot mistake, tp the best which the house, affords; with a mix, ture of pleasure an^ thankfulness beamiii^ in every eye,— pleasure that he has accepted theiv rhearty welcome — and gratitude that the^ un placed beyond the reach of waiit thenise]|r«9y and are enabled to administer to, and allevif^ the wants of others. How insuperable is the happiness of indulging in the divine piopensities of charity* when com- pared with the glittering and tinsel shOw of xlelusive pleasures,— of costly banqnet$, and midnight revelry ; where weakness stoops to folly, — and man vies with bis fellow man* ||l mining his estate, and impoverishing his iW* inily ! while the wretched orphan, impelled by pold and hunger, or driven by the pelting 9!toni^ 4s refused a scanty portioii of that, whioh is idaily, and nightly , lavished upon those, who 4o 4iot, need 4t ! W'' INFtTRMAKT. tflT lMii% may it be; ^re the boasted English ho9j-i pHbiitfjfttiiA English friendkhip, finds a footing on roiir) shores !-^I: reiiieniber, at tHe time I was making my* arrangements for my departure, ^hich took up' more than a year; many of my > tradespeople, vfho had previously been extretM' If happy to do business with me; and who still contittued, in the diplomatic phrctse, to give me! ;the greatest assurances of their friendly alliance; were stepping tfpon thorns, and doing penance more painfuU than a pilgrimage bare- ' footed, from Bagdad to Mecca, through the sandy deserts of Arabia, under the influence of a burning san.^-rolM})lc! that h^fore hh da^ teiihct in his *s- mh, th»y may-have two bt thr^e WHb'l^ue ^against him ;'dftid these iW all {^robabiRty/diDm tUfOaie/Wh^wW^ if]6N>^( <;l6§ely alliied Ikif hite. . j'lil a!) and bequeathed >as a noble lfi!gacy,'~ibe beist, a^ purest ^ift, ttf flatiwrerr-tf> tbe risingjgefte^atipnj and has^^s^- y I r '■ / \ I mo KMJI 6 rant's < minated tbrbugh a spirit of emulation^ and im- Yplanted itssilf in tbe bosom of every settler i(i ^itlie ''province— may it floarish until the thott- ^i^iandft of now 4estitade> individual, shall be en- ' abled to tak^ sheltet under its fostering branches. •■■ ■•,■■■■'•' ■ '•. ■:•'.■. ' . HJH mUidi -«i./)I<; I H.i il ■»<■! oi Y ^ The wilderness und the solitaYy place sbldl fa« (Had for -!> them; and Uie desert sb^ll rejoice, and, bloMom ays. ||^t yij(therMe« J r>* iH; - yifr« ji; .-.q ,»* *y.i 14 Having fixed on the Spot fory^ur location, 'and having had the land surveyed, the prtoe '^x feet by ^^ j^nd about 1^, to 13 feet in height. It is to % W^^^^fi^y^"^ f^Mire no up- n|ht$^ ^pi|r iQgs must therefoire be 9^ cut in ngtbsQf i^^,a.nd;^4 feet. As you will require iiic^m^rc timber fo^ your house than you will 1^ ablc^ to ol^tain from those on the site inten- yii'Ut^ll.neKt iMToeced to m^Bg Mrhat h ci^Led SLraism^ Ime, i which i& a soiustering of thb |ifllghboorhood> for the purpose of assfetitig you ip dKCiwing your logs to the^si^ot/ and raising ^ourhou^e, ilm yeu wlU find ntiiclifficaliy in dmng, provided, itjhe: harvest lifs jooteonimeu. cejdr oris ^nclude^, so that ^imIf lieighbours are HjOt over busy. For Ihis puvpese yowhaid -better cpmppuoicate yplir Intciiitiaii to/ a neiglb- hour a day or two begone, who wtfl! fxublish; it Ao ,the restfiaiid on the day appointed^ y«tt tirilLfia«[ y<^\^( friends sMirroundii^g yqu, to Tender gnukuir tously the bes^ of their meting); a^oe brittgibg tl^ir ;ip9en>, ptherii their hjorseis^i Or otc/en,. «iUi jthose who liay^a t iMhing else, ;wiU Iritog Iflieir topis.; -an4iwork n A A '^TSSEST" •ne ifeMIGRAirr's f'J .dotte :b»^ thisiiiieaiNi;' Ib one day:, hy half-a-do- 2eii men, as wonld take anindivldlitUv at least, 'firom ^two'to -three -weeks^'- --'^^ '''> t^iUM-^:. Ht, ^The makmer oF'bvadingr ^ hmmfH^ tbns, when the logs are alldtft of ^ieprbp^ length, 'asfMtbre dewit^b^, they ate' hewed on two ^ides, a tolerable^ flatgnrface/^at^tliey may Uy one ^ott the other, fUad aotohed deep in the ends to lock theD» together at the -angk» ; they 4re ^n laiiied one on the other, until Ihey ar- ^l{ive ata suAcbut height te fbrm the straight ^«ide8^aii1lie lioatds sh^nld^be laid down «t-irst ; witboot piaoekig, ' as th^ "Mnod being in agreeilstiteit is twrtain ^td ^ht^lc. The ^se. ^sr: INfroiltMANT; 177 Mf-a-dd- it least, [is thus, length, on two ley may »t> in the 5 they Ihey ai^ «traig:bt and the bnt; the olM logs formed , aiid i«7 »rt thin slates) Jaranee. Itled Up lay and be pur- s' boar- fl down M'ni^ in Wiie,' cond season they may be taken .up, and^pilaned and regularly fitted. '^%\MVM^> tf'From the friendly disposition .of the Canadi- ans there kr never any diffiauky in raising a bit, and the only retnm which you ai^ expec-i ted ^ malie* i$ to attend in relurn th»> lf^ husking the liidi^Y/CQfii^ the ploughing f^i the hanging (hent/mnymg^^i QOTXk, the loging 6«e,drawii^ >lQg9 f^om fthe p^ace pn wbic^h they have Ifiieen c^ut down, and putting them in heapii tobum; in fact bees Sot every description ;pf work. These;^«5 are ge-^ nerally weW attended, ^nd wii[»d! np iwitliitJi merry-making in the evening. /»ii^^6t The ladiep have-also their shareinthi^se nat- ters, an for iast^nce> (heir pdrtnjjt 6<^«4» paring^ apples and cutting them in slices for drying,) after whicb^Tetb^yni^ threaded and lui|ig up, to> adorti the room^ something upon the principle i of the oaten cakes in Yorkshire, where no house would be well furnished without them: these apples are kept for the winter's use* They like- wise slice **punkini" (pumpkins), in the same manner, which keep good for winter. Here is also the quilting bee, a birds eye view of which 178 EMI«JtA.Na %vtt>tei^ '^|]hi«s6lliH>^pOs«esii]OE^ Of W'ljbdd iabiiattOfi foi'^t^t^llitoV ; i^hieli if ndt^ulte do taytyil^^b^oiie>ffa^Ml^lty^.'>yi>ii hdVd a^t alPoT^tft^ "(b^ifl-s «ldcttl«i^l6''iiatisfbctK^' ibf ie^ tbtft Ui^<^ ' ^^ good *8 yikit ilfeighb^tf^^ dnfd' i^ (wte^Oi f^ Itettiifthatt'allj^ikndiK^fig that ^crti ii^ nil reiiH to pay. ■■••'- .nn'>,t5j-t>ui.ui-'^iiii*>ju-^;i:w yoii 1^11 ffaithaiso atab6U^ 10!wi9^ prii;eii>ifmt of ebordO^VAi^yiiig[ a littl^ aocording'tb to siitiatioivof this ]^lu}0^i£uiv/ ^mu liM 16 RANTS' m «*-i^f,i"J^f'lHiff ^Kfr^tk-.^^-tyty)^*' fjW'>^'',(^HVt*#^T ^^r*^^ nt !ii 'Qo«oi^eioc«co(Np«G4n o.« e eo eo <«• o e > .' ^ ..^. ^. .^k ^< . I _ '.^i'.^t Ja. ^ '.^.* .» iXi ^' '^ _ .... .^ ^ «f. ^o oa(»ooi.^ 0* '^n ei o 09 , ., — f ,,.. — u-a ■ / >:> d.$ 'Pr.?* rr-f, «i^ ^ 9f9 9.P p §,«.« «^,r? « !rtf^^^ ' ^^ '• ' ^ ' #■ • ^ ' i ■>' i V • • • • • • • • • • ^ •••••••••• ft^ • •.• •..» • • • ^Q, O C} Cb ^ ^ <0 nr- CO ■ • • • ,' •• • © • . • » • , • • • • "Q o.Ct^'eo ^ ,i 'O t « "^ ©« <0 A ^ »►. ;:K - ani it> jfiO'3r"«t; m ■bi'iiiii^'% i^ Jttiyi^i; i?- : s^.v ' irn ^ ^1 I t-iM ■M^f l&Q INFORMANT. Having arrived thas far in the business, (for I have now supposed yon to have purchased your stores), you must resume the chopping, clearing a 'smalt piece, say two acres, or more ifpbssible^ to be sown with -wheat.— ^l am here supposing you to be in possession of ycyiir land soon enough io get in a portion of fatt whea|> which may be done if yon are on 31^^ 0#^ land by tt^eQd of Jiily,^^yon need not dii^ sdpii^ tli^Iwhoie of the trees, only such ^ ai^^ ^ cayd1i»lA\^¥. 181 hotise, and sow such small seeds as it is not too late for, as flower seedsi and seeds for winter vegetable ; do not let them stand for the order of the thing, but get them in the ground ** at mny^ ratg/'-^retaember it is of the greatest con- sequente to preserve the seeds But as it will > most assuredly be too late for the greater part t>f the seeds which 3ron have brought out, — for I will suppbse 3^ou have not omitted to bring a ge- neral assortniient^let those v^ich you do notSQW be put careftilly away for th^ spring. Fence in 0: small spot close against the hotu^ and plant therein all 8n6b trees as you have brought wit& you;e^r etittr^gt of gooseberry and currant trees^ or shotdd yoa not have brought such, be sure to obtain them of ydur neighbours In the fall of Ibeyeaif;'^ .j1-j;.1 .;? -r-H :,^ ■-■■v'^-- f--- <4^¥ou will t!^ fence iflfc' a pi^ce d^^dfH al Ihe baclc tfi the house foir the cattle to lie ip ; thilr'niust be" oiit of the distance of the. trees, lest any falling itil^t IQl, W injure the cattle, ^ttie land ^11 hot re^k^ ploughing the first year, but silhply harrdWingV ahd if you have ' .iM- possessed yourself of a harrow, you may llOHh harrow it, whicli ^1 answer the purpose. ^'Most writers send yoil to i^arket fair your •-■.'^SHBfBlPWWPSS?'"' m mmm^^' ^m\^^^^^^,J^ff^ m>^^^*ff^^^ ^i^id before, ^QM are on yo^r. laud «j%if pjl^y ^ea^yj, , ; ; js . , ^ ^ And now you'may ,g;o to ix^Lrl^for. ^^our stock, whicli niAy. jppi^bt ci (Jji^^ioHoiylpi^ )^.w^Ii supj^o^e yon to hs^ve yeify lit^e WfM^jT -tp iay outr-acow;fQJ^t^9i>f(fUt3(. I0s4, a s^w> aay l4s., pigs a^^t 5.S. each, j|;e|^^^^j^owl^^ ^«icl(3 and tnrkey s, ^ay, 1^ , ^^y^ ^yfitt ]f i^l ,9^ cqH??^e w^njt ^/. 10s. more, jidany persons prefer a l|qi^f M^ horse, to |^^,the,j^,fti|fe,a|^;I^ INFORMANT. 183 regardfi bringing your articles from the Hon, the oxen with a boy, can manage that matter very welL The plain fact I believe rests here, •^those who are fond of now and then taking a ride would decidedly prefer a horse; to such persons therefore I would say, if you cannot restrain your inclinations, at leas^for the first four or five years, you will neverdo for Canai diim/farmerB.-^"'M ■• ,?. .^ '''■:'■'• > v^ I have said nothihg about furniture, that t l^Heve 1 mentiohcd in a former chapter you mi'ght manage to inoke sufficiently tasty for an establishment in the woods. This opinion I can by no mtons yield, and' I am certain many of my trish bt^tftr^n, especially the &oy» from the neighbourhood of -C!6nakilty; Bantr^, oi^ ally of thd steril mountains of Kerry, tdll ^b. scribe- to my a^sertioti^ yt\itr6 6ne cabin with H holci in the r66f fol'^the smok^toes^pb, (lindelr whicbthe tuff fire is kindled upon thi^ ground)^ s6r^es^thle^^V6iral officer, of FOAiih^^^at, cow^ houses 'pigg^6ry, and hen^robst, and not uhffi^-- (fti^ntly affords acdommoda^ioti for the ghostly 1' ./Win of a hoi^se, 100 pet cent, more sorrowful thatt Donf Quixote's Rosenante. J -m'o^^i Y'r^member on one occasion in passing B B m RMIARANTS througU K^rry^— ^r think we may lay thef scene in tke village of Valentii^, on the borders oi' Dingle Bay»— -a gentleman »^bo htid li^ver tra^ yelled in Irel^M before, on seeing «tte of these Knights qf Kttrp carefully sfaakiilg up aheap of 8tra,w inottb corner of hi8ca6tn> and lighting his pig t0i4ied, and aftierwards extinguishing the candle and preparing to ** take a 8tret9h'* himself, could not help exclaiming* — Pat, what if the reasQn of yoij^r lighting th^ pig to bed> a,nd goin^ to bed in the flark yourself? ^to whicJii |he , faitkiful /son of ** Ziphyruu** repjiiedv f^rs i^o . ofie ^ a greater right to a ca«dle to light. Mjfa to bed tban the pig— bjopd-anpns m^» 9oeft-n*t lie pay the rent ? and "62f tlmhoplf^i/*, ^e's^^Vi8^of|^ii.^ufe^! . .,)^..>u(|-;^r>ii Mi ||ti)i[)fl foe necessary for you to buUd spjkvep^ ^^oh yoa^ipay^do, aii't^.r tbe following manner ;. a^ikict a stMJ^p pfome of the 'largest tJ^t^ n9 PlQse a^ pp^sible to.^the houae, anfl f|Cter^ pv^Klayliig iKiyith.^tone pji-zifubbish^^wlrieli ypu laay pk^ up,^pqd your d,^^)ing)^ n^M^d with clay^, so a% ^ 5|?re>!|?nt tl|e,fep %P pea€^tt^ tPhthf ti;ee;,; l^y a,#^r fjf brifjki pf flat, ftt9ne» awi build the oven t^crj&pn. i Toil n^^ arlsQ^makf, a small shed for your wood ashes to be deposi- INPORMANT. 185 ted in, as there are merchants that will pur- chase thein at 6d. per bushel, for making pot. ash ; or should your wife be at a loss for amuse- ment, she may tum-to and make the article herself, the procestt of which, is simple,--tmerely steeping the ashes in casks with holes at the bottom to ^dmit of the lye running off, and afterwards boiling the lye until the water eva- porates, leaving a residaum, which when cooled becomes black salts. This article will fetch from 10s. to lOs. and Ids. per bushel. Yo|i will also be yonr own candle maker, and soap bbllcr; a mutter in which any ol* the former settlers will readily instruct you. ^ > Sn^r' ybU' wUI likewise m^ke from what is called the sugar maple true, of which you will alivaysifind more or less on the best lands, mW of which you must reserve in your chopping, TiiiS' article, which is littlo inferior to th^ West India Sugars, is made thus:-^iu the ittoilth of April, wheti Vegetable, as well as Animal natui^' fe^ls the in vigioratlnig influence of ttio return of spriilg, and at which time the sap is risiag ill tbd Are^, tfie j^ettlers repair ti> iiiatpartof Clieir lands, wbioh contains what U calted the sugar bush, that is, wiiece the maple 186 EMIGRANTS L iJ[fkiai4 abounds, talking with them a large ppt,? or boiler, to contain 30 gallons, also a small one ol* 5, or 6 gallons, and the necessary irliOles for erecting a temporary shed, and kindling a fire;. also iOO trouglra to contain the sap, and six or eight lai^e casks. Two or three persons are suiHcient to superini\°.nd thitj process^ and thef must take their blankets with them^ to ) enable them io " takt a sirtlch** daring tbe hight, (which they may do by turns), for in this ^process, they must lay their account with seve* ral nights in the woods; if' there are many trees, it . will occupy most part ol the month. The tide is tapped by making an, incision about •rkfL inch- and -a^half deep, and two inches wide ; iOiTy tbe better way is, by perforating the tree .Wifthian -iauger, as it does not injure it. Ha- ,¥itig' thus done, and pi*eviously placed ^your •trough voder th^ tree at a' Short distance/ with a small shodt in a direction from the orifice in the tree, to thetub, ^r^the purpose of convey* tiim;. the jap; ytou proceed with a bucket to car- ry! it to the reservoirs, (which are large tups provided for the purpose), where it remains for a time to allow the grosser partides to nink to the bottom of the ireservoir. The sap ik then bmiguantV 187 (Imwn ofT, and put into the boiler, where it unn dergoes a boiling for th^ purpose ot'evaporationi after wtiich the liq^uid i^ this first stage of pu<* riifi<;atmn isdcawfi from the boiler, and deposit ted in other tubs, where it remains ui^til nearly coqI.; it is then strained tbi*ougb a«wpoUexi cloth iotp another , boiler, and is clarified with eggi^ milk, or bullock's blood. The Ipnger it is gradu? aUy boiledj. the finer, and whiter will be the sugar After it is boiled down, to, t)ie c(>iisistence ojT sugar, it is poured off into pot^tp,cpoL or fre- quently into fancy moulds. of different deyices according to the whim of the party. In the boilimg it is necesss^ry tp be careful in not allow* ing it tp burn. If intended ^q be used aft sott sugsir, it is ppured in its lant stiige into a cask with small perforations to admit of the liquid matter;, or thiner portjio^s,, espajHog, which will leave a good dry spft sugar remaining. The skimmings, axid aisp the drainings frpm the perforated casks make an excellent molasses. The average' quantity of sap discharged from each incision, is from eighteen to twenty gal- ^ Iqus; five galions of which, will produce one^ pound of sugar; thus, each tree upon an ave- « rage will yield four pounds of sugar — and ac-^ i ^\ 1^ I9d INFORMANT. 'ifl:^i \^Aitm cljf^fBg to' c6cker, four htanclred trees wiitmat#tbth^iurnitttre. In the'Silt'jfecS if llh^ family' ik large, you must partition off y)»hi*!)iouse at one end into two or three com. pttfifikiehts,' and form your bedsteads of rpugH •i]hilk>^,'str|rpo^t(iid by two leg^ on the one side', kfk^' ih^ other side may be made'f^t against the ^d^<6flhefaous^^ this will ani^wer the double tin^itise, of Isdl^ing'time and room. The barkf OfiM-hAWa tried' faced across, will form a slip, poi-t ibr^«h«b«d, or«iattrass| and thus th^e bed wo>em %BltatmibeA. .^./lya.i. fitF^i^ aMaMe^t'T Trould recommeiid a board at the side- Oif the room, say under the window, to iali> Willi vl^Ugba^ in the manner of an ironing bffafd;'tbi«. would also forn the twofold pur* poBL^&j'^^-ait^bfe, and a board for yojir wife to INFORMANT 18d I ^et up the fdmily wash VLp6n. At your leisure' you may make a small table, to stand by the lire in the winter's evening^, on which to place the goodly cheer, A log sawed itato lengths will aerv^ admirably well for seats; in this way. yon will have your establislnnent com* pleteSi, and may sit yourself down as happy,> i|d the Mon&trch on his crimsoned sofa^ and with' a considerable deed more independence, as you' will haye no pensons to please but your.' selves, and no people to thank for their " libtrai supp^es*'^ /i^ i ' vi CuHinary utensils I have not iiudi^tfoned/ai$ T presume you have brqnght a few of the more portable articles> and for the remainder, I leave! the ladies to manage that matter in thdr own way. One thing is highly necessary, which is,; a medicine chestt, or at least, a few simple me* didbes, for the pnrpbse of keeping the bowels regular. By neglect in these matters, it is often the case that bilious fevers, agues, and very many other disorders are cohtfacted, and the alUg^d unheal thy ness of the climate, has* the credit for what in point of fact, originates in your own neglect. ^^Biipposing everything now coinfortably ar- 1^ '\ ii ill ^1 I it ^ )90 emigrant's ranged aei regards ^ttin^ the furmture" fixed'* ypll iiiustiose no timeiit thinking of what is< to he djoniB/ Uut like a downright yankee, you must dash through thick «nd thin. You. will (liero^ fore now :pursue ithes^hoppiiig with all spedd^- upon) tho principle an before ; the iscayttd tre^^' ^dn^^sc not eibeeeding a foot in- diaraetefyi qhop at the height of four>feet from the' ^on«id/> then cut them into fourteen foel 16^»^ lik«rwise' chop the heads into pieces^ and throw tfaein ^ in- he^pSs\foi! 1 hilrQing.^ Ckuitinue this plan . until yott have five or six acres chopped, and thett .hy ipaking f^^ ^fl^ing bee, you \VilI :have -the .whole k)f the \og^ dirawn into heaps in the lone fday , at^ the siniple ,p«iMt oi'-a gaU way you will ^cceed in getting perbfips fifteen! acres cleared for the spring crops. , iH ^miUa l,, Should you firriveon your lot vejry ;0arly» you may perhaps be able to get asmall orop ol' potatoes, in the ground, to come forward ,thc^ same year. This would be of great advantage^ and would help out very materially ^\(^it^t|ie informant; 191 inilk and ci^^,for thie iM(i|iIy of your family. AivDuring the winter, you will pursue the chop- ping at all times when the weather will permit; You must likewise apply yourself closdy to the? cutting and splittingof rails for the fences, for remember, that the whole of the land intended to be sown in the spring, must be fenced in, to prevent the incursions of the cattle. The fences are formed of logs, cot into ten feet lengths; and split into rails, and laid in a zigzag form^ These fences although capable of being thrown down by an effort of the cattle, are easily re-placed ;"•« f---* .-^^H »^«*^ ^'^'f' '.•■ ''' ^^^^ *»--* In the winter, -hen you cannot work out, and also in the long winter evenings, you may exercisie your ingenuity, in making articles of furniture for the hoase, as chairs and tables, in short, anything that is wanted. ' You most likewise take the earliest oppor- tunity to build a pigstye, and shed' for the cat- tle to lie in at night. • ' '■ • Previous to the spring, you will have the por^ tioa of ground set apart, .which you intend for your kitchen, and flower garden; this you will leave to your wife, and the youiiger branches of^ the family to manage. And after getting in the c 6 WQ BM;IGRAN3'*R spring cropS; you mufit agftin resume tlie i^xe; ai^di it cannot be too strongly impres^e^ upon yourniud^ thatin tlie firstyear, yott.i^Ul be abl^ to piosacute the cbopping, to a gr0atQr exitei^ than in any succeeding one; as.evei^. year will bring with it/ its increase of work in the farm- ing department. ^iii>4 .,^ilr- «^ila cho|iping, care most be taken to prevent the trees falling on yoii, and ,also that th^y< may fall clear of each other. If, your latwl is -in th^ neighbourhood of a town, you may seU yo^if wood to advantage ; in most towns it will bri^g you from 6s., to 8s., and 9s. per cord. , The trtiea girdled* will in th^ coi^irse of six or seven y^firs begiu to fall ; you must then without delay, phop down the whole of them, or, if thin is performed about the fifth year, it will be better, as sQipotimies accide^ pccur by thf^ trees falling. The roots oi^ tho^e ch9pp|ed, will about the sev^^ ye^ be sufB9ici|tly de- cayed, to enable you to draw many o{ themnp f or you may make fires round them,,a|](l4^s(roy them in that way. -.ji. , As it is not likely that you will; be able to sow nivch wheat in the autumn of the first yean ypft hadibfit^r jaQ)«r a^ mucfe jy^ng whf^| 9^: yC-.-- INfOkMA*%tU4rft per Iti Sheep €ai$««l;bek«pllbt the first j^ea^ or tw0, but are afterwards of great importance ib thb settler for the fleeces, especially to such as are able to manage the weaving. Poultry I think may bo increased to ad van- ,^ II I iW UMIRRAffTS .■i jtage, as they require very Uttle to keep them, I and the eggs iire of important service iik the I family ; by saving the purchase i.of meat in the V first year of your settlement. 4; Hemp and tobacco ittayi he cultivated to ad- vantage on some, of the soils, but wiil by no iiDcans answer for the new settler; as for the , first two or three years of his location, his time r will be wholly occupied in the before- mentioned .pursuits. Wheat on new land generally produces about ^ 2ft, to 30 bushels, per acre ; in some instances 1 85, and there have been instances of 40 bushels i to the acre on first rate land. Where the soil .' is poori you may perhaps not return more than i from 15, to 20 bushels. I'.fWe will now see the amount of money necesh sary for an emigrant to possess, at the time of (entering on his own laad. We will suppose his circumstances to be vtiry i limited, and suppose jbim to purchase 80 acres of land,^ at S doHaml per acre \ the priee of #rsl rate Idts in the M uron tract. ^UH Hi >Ui-. LHU'^^u 'i--'- I5UI iiiiib I viMuo^l INFORMANT 1 1^5 rtffiifofi ■- ^'-^ •■>< '•J*'*'*'^ J' '*'■> -I'-i-'W. ,-;,-: dollars Firat instalment for ^ actca of land, at ^^S dollars per acre, belitig one fifth of '^i^^ ^ the whole amount . . . t • • « f • • « t •. • • » ^ • 32 Expences of raising House, hy making .t^tii^c; a Dee, say ••••»••>•■:.;•■• .'•,«i^-:«ft»-i-)i.»f»j;-*')j;ti(/^y'i4" 1^000 feet of boaids, for flooring and par- ^;titions to rooms ..,,»,;.,.... . >,,i:>ij J 10 2/)00 shingljBS for root at U ^o\WtL,f(*Hi^%iiti\r9l 20 lbs. of nails at 7J say , . . .-m tH>>M.i4*?' ^rfS 1 6 squares of glass, say . . . # > > «••... «> 2i Putty, locks, binges, and latches . li 2 axes for chopping, (these you will buy ' ■■■^ at our stores, they are much better than ir^nglish, and the make is better suited)^ Grindstone • • • . . <••••«•••• • • « i-v • Expense of supporting. a family - consist- lilig of aman, his. wife, and six children, MHequal to. live rations per day-^say for (300 days at f dollar per day. ..««.-.;i».. Sttpportiag the samo fao^iy^lOO dayi^ at ii ri/T ia^ quarter dollar per day (I am now sup- ■ t, I q r imposing them to have a good pig to kill iinH and also an increase, &om thepoulliry, IH 4 5> ;ui> 100 \ o*-j. li>5 turn over ii .,iii II ■.. ^, 11 !■ < »\« i'* _""S > ^' ' ,,_T ' 106 EM lU rant's y ^i^^^^ii'^%-^ r-r-^ - '—- *---^' ^■•' I - dollars and oow^lti eggA, milk^&c.) ^jk»i . 40 MediciRes .•«•..•» .^ « i ^ < vi'iV' * '1 Soap, Candles, and other misceWaneouf *^^*«^^^ articles^ incidental to house expenses ' «^^^ > at firet stWrtingr'iVi^i^i.'iiik'iiiViJi^Vl^w^^^ ^*^^%^ Tubs, buckets, &c. ....»*;....... .^.; 3 Fryinjr-pani—with long hatidle .... * I jf^ <^^^^|- 'AH otbeF culinary articles I wiH sup-- ;^* pose you have brought, as needtRg ' '*^'^^f them on- board of ship. Seed wheat fat five acres, 1| bushel |ier acre, at 1 dollar per bushel .*«..».. Other seeds, supposed to be not brought out lJ»i44»'#:#* ^^ikuiii 4y*-p.i<*j^^it.*^M* #V.« A COW tU-JOfimiik^ W4« 4 * ^»>'ti4 4ir'.;k.»,.,#^irb.«>'4 4 A sow aad ^ Jtere pig% aay Wi. > « • .<^ ^ QMie, turkeys,, ducks^ and fitw|s.«f#>^ Twenty bunMsi^cirid^Mitt •om, tofisfed pigs,'aihal6ia Mlar per lMiiah«l»4..4 4 4^ 1i6 8 6 r*0 Half a DDil of li^yi„, for eow in the witfittil&iHo^l Six bualM!fciio£p«l$,. pa^t iiwr cQw^ tfaejR^ tin 267 *^^iu iiv«i / . lljIFUH^MANT., ' ir> ST. •» ■ V i . • f dollars - nmifi^kr for fowls, &c. at a quarter ' dollar per bashel H Harrows. .'• / 9' P y , .^^^ £^1; 18,. 7|rf. steriing, or 275^ oi!) ot aoiyihhn ni) ♦ftiwoffj? '<; A And to which may be added, fort (<)viKfji ' passage of a man; his wife, and Hiiusl v^ifl 4w6 cbild^a above the age ef 18 « f^'^^^*»H years, from London to New York ' by the Packets, say at dif. per head 20 And four children, 12 years^ at half ... price J,.,, (,... 10 CO Provisions for the voyage, say .... 14 EfpeiMeoftravelHog upthe countryi ^ » i*^ by way of Albany to the head of Burlington Bay, say 10 Provisions for a week • 1 10 Incidental expenses, occasioned by delay in New Torkj Albany, ^c. 3 Q,/ And snpponng you put dofi^n 3/. for / delay in watting on thi^ iude, and 2L for travelling to settle concern- thg the land, also 3/; for expense '■ni ■ '^: 199 emigrant's ' oIP surveying, and incidentals, it t-.Me**u; ^ill make a total of 8 if ..,/.../...., MKm*e«"w~ AiTa to this the aboye amount • 6L 18 7| it,»i: :^ Mak,€s a Sum of . 'K*^* • ^1^8 8 7J And allowing (in addition to the ^^ above) for ^i^|ieiises of conveying // oj bajj^ the family from the head of Bur* '>-r,H;^ r.-; lington Buy ta the Huron tract 9 Q iO ^ ' Brings the nmount to. . . .1^,. 8 7} To which add, if the funds will ad« mit of It, a yoke of oxen ..... . .'.' 12 Forming a tbtaldto.j: £148 8 7i *Ha^in|t I believe, canyassed the whole of wlitat api^ars necessary, for assumino^ the cha-l racter of a Cimadiaii farmer ; and havingf like-^ wise shoirn, hOw you may dispose of 150/., if you have th^ hai^piness to possess such ^ sum* 'We will neit proceed, with a word to those who have it ndt; but who, presa^ving habits of industry^ and sobriety, with nothing beyond the lut/ INrORMANTi 199 1at)oor 4f th6ir landi, to calcjilatft upon for lay- ing the first stone towarda th« improvement of their condition-^or ill other words, the ex- changing a life of.uiisfffabld islnvery, leuid priva- tions» iof the certainty .qf obt wing, a comfort- able subsistence, .for themselves and families. frt* RATE OF WAGES, ,,j « I . . exclusive of board. ff M ..-n ... „j: . :.. - Dollan. Carpenters and Joineris^.V. # .per (2(12^ H to H Sawyers •••• If SMpwnghts . • • .•.,.»«^«.«. . U .. 2 Wbeelwrigbts .^, «,..... .,..,•«..•• 1 ••,^k Cartwnghts • . 1 Coopers ...jv^ rn-|f Bricklayers and Masons 1^ .. H FlftisteroMB ••'i#v*«%vW«'«»i •• . i*« 'k H Brickmakers .;«!]'. .U4««>i* ^ I. ««>U: BlackumithSv . i '. ^^ J k>. *^'^ i*i^j wi^ .'.«;« v .«? I Bttii»ftem and Qlaziers i^i;'^2 ,,.»:• *n, 4 . * I Saddlers * . . .Ltut^j^ J • i *« y ..• «.» » ,« •«•«;« 1 , , h| Curriers and Tattners fL)|U¥ii .9^1.4 « 1 *• li; Aboemiikers, making a pair of Shoes 1 . . 1^ ...-^ ditto a piiif of Welling* ton Boots .•..*«•<•«.•%•.«...• 8} . ..^,. , D D I r Sbo kmicrant'b -rf 1 "dtl^ -^'^v. ditto, • ^ f^-y^f' - Top Boots 4i ^^5, Tailors, making a rolit.....i'^.^« .. 4 ■ ui — ^ ditto apdir of Trowsers. .^4i 4^ >. .i'lj -ditto'a Waistcoat . . ..... a iMuiMMiritv Litbodrers JVi'^'rfiU * v.'i .... .per day f ^^iha . ■• ''•'' - ' " ^ — ^ifi^ harvest time . . , * ii . ^ ;- i H' ? h ^Uh Heaping an acre of wheat 2^ :w .»>.': Cradling ...rr^^W^W.^l^!... .... .. li '^ t^m Mowing hajTiViU/i.... 1 '^^^« Ploughing an acre of land...c .... H .. 1{ Haitowing * ^ Ghoppmg an acre of timoer 8 . ; lo Girdling an acre of ditto, " and cleat- ' * ^ *• ' "^ ' ing out t^e undrf-brush. ... . . .'. . . ^ t^^;'?^^* ' Sailors on the lakes/ bbtiiiil it6ta 15 to 130 dot- . -liars per month; ' ' ' :.^.^^,.^.^MJ It is most usual for labourers to board in the^' house with the family, in that case they re-'^ ceive ab6ut one quarter of a dollar less per day ;-^for instance, farm labourers half-a-donia^ «^ per day, and board und lodging. Those who: f%rc faired by the month, UGually receive I'roni li) to 12 dollars per month* with, board and lodging; and labouiwrs hired by the year, are paid troiB 80,. to 1.00, aad aometiiacs as high, ds (1 'T m informant; 201- .. 6 IMS' biS;. 20 dol- • rt in the ley Mf- iss per -doUaf se who: e I'rom rd and lur, are igh,as 120 dollars per annam, with board and lodging ; - bat it must be remembered, that the wages are . usually itipulaied for, according to the ability^ of the party, who is about to be hired. -/*«»''iJ'"k» ** I have now shown you the rate of wages which we are paying, with very little variation * throughout the whole of the Upper Province;^ and I am led to the conclusion, that a very little depth of penetration is required, to convince a' man, that the balance is at least, 50 percent, in^ favour of Upper Canada, on a comparison with Great Britain. Neither do we need the aid of' the skilful logician, in proving, there can be no great difficulty in raising a sufficiency by industry, to enable you to purchase a plot of land of your own. The merits of the case, there- ' fore, appear to he simply these ; first, that la. ' bourers need be; under no apprehension as to meeting with employment on their arrival. Secondly that the nature of the employment i.r their r, with! > tbou*' n ireii» b their ovei?u,i re witb »,»Wi.^i.iJ9Hi||l,|jf.jyi.( i(. (m(fl^!pn«!,',uipi(jtt»ii. |iuwji|pajjuj^ji|i INFORMANT/^ yr>$ are dissatisfied with every thing, and every* body. Persons of such "vinegar aspect" would be certain to carry with them their miserable feelings, if they journeyed to every part of the Globe ; and would be alike unhappy, whether in the tangled woods of Canada, or baskinp^ on the plains of Iridostan.*— **Pea<;e be to them f if it can be found ; but heaven itself, was it pos> sible to get there with SticK tempers," would be deficient in its attractions of love, and joy ; and theiir ,]ca»rfA ^inih ii: Mnf{ ^ ^'-iil^nmfi^'^mf: ■ : 1. » : I *1 I Si)4 IMIC RANTS fsitini%>thWHiMf lii^^ rfiiftv^ t^^ m^mmfmrjiim^ ' ' .**'! pUf the oMn who can travel from Aw tP nteerfh/eba^ ^^ ^liitf 6ry, *<» att^l'i-^^jul solt Is ; and so is aU d^o world ' to him. who will not cultivate the fruits it offera. I dedangi '^'^ i said I, clappinir my hands cheerily together, that was I in a U II desert, 1 would find out wherewith in it to call forth my afiee tions— if I could not do better, i would fasten them npon ; some sweet myrtle, or seek some melancholy cypress to ^ conneet uysflf 10— 1 would court their shade and sreeti^ them kindly for thpir protection— 1 would cut my name ^ upon them, and swear they were the loveliest trees "T tbroofchoat the desert '; if their leaves withered, 1 would^^ teach mysdf \a mourn, and when they rcgoiccil, 1 woaM ^ n^olce alonf with U.<;m " .■■., .j^ t. . r m How is it that men who are possessed of reasonable souls, and with a mind capable oC discriminating in the various branches of arts >U-- -^ I'l llii«llll 4^* :j^SMZ' ''•::igpim ' iffilfffiiTiV "** INFORMANT. !?a5 ■f mm and sciences, should be so lost to the common feelings of humanity, as to find nothing in crea-; tion worthy of attention ? yet, such tb/E|re arcj,^^ and fron^ observation I am led to believe, that t|ieir numbers are by no means ^w. Tp at- tempt to point the miserable condition pf such an individual, would fill a volume ; and as in this case it is not the object of my pursuit, I will content myself with believing,^Jthat ifsuch^ characters are of any use at all, it must be, to aid in rejecting (by a lively contrast), the niiQds of those, who are endued with the more noble energies of the soul. .,,^ ^„^ ^fjw^rfFtii f^ The grey twilight that succeeds th^ hours of night, had shed its rays through the win^p^w of my chamber, giving notice of another day ; when I awoke from my Silumber, apd wiU^ heart elated, quitted my humble couch» toje^ume jii^ avocations of the morning, and touched with the chaste sublimity displayed by t^e various charms of the opening day, I wandered through my garden, admiring the wonderful works of creation, in the steady progress of the vegetal ble world ! —the sun had just rise^, had ilju- mined the oriental skies, and towering above the blue summit^ of thfi distai^t hills* wa^ shedr ^ • itt' t».* •:''*»! "*?;■"■•.■ ri"/»-*»j= *t.\tj ■■■■ - ■" 1 fi M KUieMANT'i . s /iin^hiketttiifliitkt beams opon the pearly <)ropir fbflt stHt liftgi^t^df (M the vernal Moom ; while iCH l^phytHi t^ehtly aiding with baltny infltt"^ ente, Wt$t^ fainning ^e>gf<^tig^ Itis^iirf Ance 6f thi» flower)^ taM, attd'^nnb\dng fheitf Mgratilf |Mn^mMfe»/ avMind thu^ftility^oftiieiitoighbdtti'i in^in^Sowllt ^^ feirthered tribe, l^ad beto6ll? IhewMtis . t6 the f iseteral branches of the tt-i tM&tiagtti6^ that sarronnded tnjr vMtkg^, and N^ere ^hatttln^ li^it matiiid, giving^ praised tor the anthinr of iheif being ; and greetltig ih the |deai(ing yarleiy of their Woodland hotlB^, auM in th« wild and sportive Simplicity of thdr ii^l^ lt!v^ iti^octsnce ; and welcomitig tli^ tdBW.born *)i|lh attetitto'n on the mingled eifdrr«orth<^ aeHal {m>er--w1iat a les^n art thoii Capable Ok'lni part- ing: ib th^^nmah mte t Could the great and'ex-^ t<^V^4*^Oi6(nae^o(^ providence «6fttey a sat!^ ifkettdii to the heatt of tingtat^fhl tti^,^ceeding with. my retei^y, when (by idi imptthe), I sud^nly stopped, to iok if ma* INrORM\NT, 207. And, why he who is gifted with a Tfttioniil sowl^^ with all the pleasaral^^..c;^dowi^eIlt9 of a re-^ fleeting mind: t~^he yi,hQi y/as invested with the-, power of subduing, th«,^ar,th,;and who was ele-r vated to the dignified situation by divine auiho'. rity, to have donMnion over everything that, movQth upon the earthr^why he should be the; only subject in thj^ whole list of the animated creation, who would presume to rai^ a com- plaint againi^t tl^e ^^^rfing hand of providence* j^*;T«« ai}i&iiio?t/7^t,hat bane of every social, joy, which pictures tp the fancy, some Meeting visionary object, that mocks us in our pursuit! ./Thus, after we have hurried thrquyih the morn-. Ing of our life — aftef we have sacrificed all our bf^st days in the pursuit of transitory objects^ we perhaps discover, wh^n it is toaMte tQ re^ traqe our steps ; that t;h«) gref^t and only^ ^uriQf^ of fijiman felicity is 7rar'»T^(^ii/^(| miKa^t,,^^ %n humb\e submission to t^q divine will of tbei greiat ciWth ^ mind thus forced, , wcj ^vM l)f5 qql- ling th^ «w^t# qC liappine»a» Jr^mi Ul^ Inx^^}^' of4oing good-^fi?!? ,fpwj^w41y> |(l)e?e iSf,P9 ot^^y^ earthly (snjoya^nt; t|)(|1;is $ApaM^ of imp^Ufi^ f«d receivMig, jmch^^^ft«^iM^gfijat|f Since therefbre it is evident that contentment - IsHlie only Ibtfndation on which to build a per- ^'maneiit haLt^pinCSs, wherd? I would ask, is that 'felicity 'sdcii)[>al^le of being enjoyed; as in a cot- ia^etiie^i wfachrftttpart from the dazzling glare — the glittering tinsel, and extoxioating pleasures ^'4>f tte yrotid; and in the bosom of some loved tiiiefr^t, 'tub trantluii faonrs glides smoothly di^ ; ''wjhere your leisure, instead ^f being spentdn riotbiis f^veiing, may be employed in the virtu. i^ll^jpui^dit^^df 'mentd tidi|ifiifements^ and in the ailitt^triir^k y^f fi^^ngf iSie in^^ a^d i^i^lili thi^ pit^mUtXtiiiMimrjovt will be ti^M;tt^j^'i^ld6di'^fel6iigh ^be dfabtiiiaty of r INFORMANT. 209 which this in the le aid, and a Ch the i»f we tnd de- in the reator, icket's ntment I a per- is that 1 a cut- glare— sasures B leved dy oh; ip«)titdh Tiftu. 1 in the id^ alnd will be nkity of hannony, that pervades all natui^ — up , to " natures God" ! bending in ii^ratitude to thajt God, for contributing in a high degcee, to en- liven your prosperity : thus you \^ould be ex- panding the sphere' of your pleasures, by adr ding intellectual, and spiritual, : to earthly joys. 'The man who is destined to live in Canada, has no more occasion to be at a loss foir amuse- liient, than he who loiters on th^ sunny bank^ of the Arno : — every country has its amuse- ments, and unhappy must be that mind, that has no resources wherewith to pass the leisure hours, 'irit' i'>ri«f 'ffftiiif l-**iJ*{tHK'^iii«<,,?wl ^a'**^.:^ To the lovers of -sporting^ here is endless amdsement ; not only as regards the sports of the field, butalso the stream ; as the rivers^ anid lakes, abound with fish of almost every de- ' '8Cnption. - 'Ai* y'^^^Utua^ni - tir^rxi^ niii}iit-^44^^^^^iji,,> uj«. ^>{^ In Canada, we have, we may,«aiy, moifct of -Ihe animals common to the old country, at least nof the quadruped kind;; : with the addition of se- ^^verai other spedes* j ?#r*v*ri:r Mci tii^v/ .Aeifi; . ^. The Can&dian Horse,; is peculiarly liairdy ; .'he is very fleet, and is : in every respect, adap. ^ ted by nature to the life he leads* U is by no '^tneans 'ut4Common, for a spao of these, hoi^^es' H ■■ I. — c^_,*^..J«iu J ftto BMIOftANT'S harfies^d abreast in a sM^h, to tvavel from %0, td 60j ^nd in ^o^Rxe instances, 70 miles in the dayt stop|>ing every ten, or t«v€lve milteA^ -to b'aS^. In tfaefie oti»es the fanners take their 6wn )Mrov«ader, aft in ranging the woods there •would be but little chance of obtaining oitht^r 'Oats, or hay ; and where there are taverms evta- - blished, the charges very far exceed (as a UMHt- tif «oui«e), tlw price of their owti com. The cave whioh is tak«a of these auinmls, falls very 7«h«rt of What you are accustomed to see in uBngtend; they aare generally fed with very . coarse hay, and littered down with the bough^ tioi Ithe spruce, and 4iiemlock 'The winter, when the suow is on the ground, ik byiifur the most pleasant time in Canada, for ^travelling by land; it is then, that there is a sort of cessation from business, and the sleighs 4iaiid> cariolet^ are to be sccuvgUding over the ^amooth siNffaoa df iedtiott of liM provinces:; it is then libat thet tio- Honist, with his beloved partner and a Joyous ; giem^ of little coleiiitts, wrapptd in their d'urs» ^and fiilMo skinS;-Mimy> not ufifk^q^ieatly eh- Mr6|0p«i ih the grooeM cojifuiiM of a bedr,^- 'm&OAag ^mi in ^ik» midst of th« severity of the fN FORM ANT 211 ^ ^1 from iles in « e their there ^either isevta- a mwt- ,.h The h rery flee in very bough^ ^roiiBcl, ida, for re is a sleighs the ery^. tbe( itiD- >yo«s ir ^ursy tly eh- bcar,^ of the frost, and smiling defiance to the cold ; jkiss lightly over hill, and dale, and through iinme- surable forests, with a speed nearly allied to the swiftness ol Pegasus. In this manner our winters are passed; having nothing to trouble us, we embrace our pleasures with a determination to enjoy thera, and it is not at all unusual, to go 80, to 40 miles to dine with a friend ; or make a fort- nights tour of the Slates* This mode of travel- ling is exceedingly delightful, the indiscribable pleasorable sensation it produces, surpasses anything in the shape of travelling T ever expe. ''^ienced* And was it not for the anxiety which -every colonist inust natnraUy feel, for the re- turning, season «f vegetation, I siticetrely be- - lieve* that the tn«aking up of the frost, would '•'beMd as a day of general moiirmngr''i<^«i t** ^iV> Oxvn are particularly useful in this country,. ^ iHiey are 'osed for most farming purposes, a '(foke of them, is capable of doing more than ^^oeliorse; and the cost of them will not exceed ^i^atkt price of a horse. These animals and also '^*ihe^cows, da not cost much for food, as with a ^•1Hfle«alt, they wiH feed freely on the boughs of ^'^the spruce, and hemlock, through the winter; $12 emigrant's and in the summer, you may let them forrago .for themselves — (at least the cows), which they ^ will be enabled to do in the woods. 01' couive they will require a portion of fod(^^i* in winter, i but that portion is small, wheQ.; lared with », what is given in England. .^v.,| , Deer vire have in great abundance, which are larger than the fallow deer of England ; so that > no one who can handle a rifle, — that is, if he has one to handle,— rneed be at a loss for the r haunch of a good l^tbqck. These animals are f taken in several ways ; one method is to place ; yourself i^ a canoe, with your weapon of de- rstruction ready, and by placing a light at the : .head of the canoe, and floating silently down a ^shallow stream, during the summer pight^, at ^ which time they betake them«ielves to the.watfE^r. . ; to avoid th^ mosquitoes — the brightness of the 4 light, which is a never filling attraction, charms /them to the spot, and in th is manner they will factually stand, until you avrive wit^iUM^ %v f; yards of them ; the reason is obvipiis— the fjopticks being riveted on the liglit>; they,sef»|io r other object. Another plan is, sending, -the , dogs into the woods, by which, they always run for t^e water^ where you n^y be ecrtaio to take them without much trouble. INFORMANT. 213 forrag^e ;h they course winter, (d with ich are so that i, if be for the lals are o place of de- • at the down a r^Mf, at i.watj^r- rof t^e charms ey-will m— the ,se^fio ng th© .ys run tain to ; But the mode generally practiced by those vho are acc(uainted with the '' salt licks," which aie^ their favorite hauats; is stalking — a very agreeable exercise by t*(e way, to some of the modern lady. like sportsmen, but newly arrived from the mother country ; where at the utter- most extent of their field sports, they have never gone beyond a days shooting in the copse of my Lord Harry, and baging, pernaps a brace or two of pheasanth ; while with us, U 10 by no means uncommon to camp out, wbere, invested with the blanket coat, and moccasin, we sally into the woods, setting danger and fatigue at defiance^ carrying the necessaries for obtain- ing a light, by which means we are enabled to kindle: a tire, where with the genuine hardihood, and noble independence of an Indian hunter, we strew our our leafy couch, on which we Stretch ourselves and sleep till morning. .^^j.^ -^f In these little rural excursions, parties need '1^ under no apprehension as to being surprised by night in their camps, by the appearance of Mr. Bruin ; as neither ** himseff" nor his fair partner, was ever known to come within the precincts of a fire. "^ It is true, that a bear would be rather an €' ^ 214 EMIGRANT'fM aivkward customer to meet in the woodsialoiife ; for supposiDg yourself to be armed^ it wouM' be to a bad purpose to letttyat kitnV Jilewi: you had a doable barreled guu, and bo taok, thfttii^ould not only be attended with the greatest upeertainty of success ; but would be also .fpaugdt with the most dang^ercnis cons^f queii*i^(S in ! 0^''^ of simply woupdi;4g y without Lmng ab*<^ to destroy him. >) >^) ^'Tbe bear, and also the wolf, invariably shun ? man, and unless provo>ked, would always rather^ aotind a retreat^ than -come to the charge. *'*%»^ '^'I'ht %olves of Catiada are by no means fero- 'cious, and are seldom seen near thos^ placed' that are becbminsf settled ; and as the country adtarices in lnij[>rovement, it is fair to cbncliide^,' that they will entirely disappear ; especially nd the legislature has offered a premium for every Hacoons, and squirrels abound in pery di«L INP^RkfiNT^ ^6 Tedtion, ^and hfa ,ver^;d)e$triiG4k« to the ero]^. .There has beeti iii^?tiiD«e« kno^n oi tlieir conso- •miiigiii %tid cwrry'm^ 'away^ nearly ooe«third pf iS ctatff of iv^ieftfe ; bui^Ak^ei of course^ are Bot of frequent occiHrence* except in cases of ne^~ li^nee roa ^ibe ;pckrt fOf« f J ujTh© f*f Qoiitf if) :«9«aUy hnafed by moo^glft with dogs, and guns ; ani to the lovers ,cki[^porlr l^gis^ n most charming ^i version. Thisnnimal is yalQAl^e^>not/ only ^ hia lor^liiut nls9 to flesh, ^hich is highly esteemed^ ni^ loim^ 4 dbDltci6irt» eoibellt&bbme;:! io ^ilm Inittily Idrter. The iin rt^^.rrr ';^ 'Hares i.te hfave in abundance, j but not' sq &in «s those of Ebghmdi ; Hore is also n > |)rodtgif( Uifiu.frjii i«f .Mv^heermMie, i^hy iib> mmns ai stmngeri'ithb beautiful white |)lld> «f thi« little animi^ u well ^%[nii^>(%iitr^l^^hly ai^pifedMed at eviefry court •ifcl'BtifepS:'''''^' '■ '^ ^-^ ^'**^' ?'*'*■ -.'•'^' »*^*' ^*^' Wi^aJJlM mftjiei artd taoleii we are not at all d^sVit^^ '^ The pole-Ckt wo'oan Ifkowise 4>o«lff#ijlf4ts'vaflef(i68.' --i^i^ ^;r i-^iMv. .,..aii •i'>Mihiel^«a^crcd tHbb; wif^lfifi and ^ Mteat^. ^he other is Miafter, aiid is called the spruce partridge; M feeding on th^ iMMinUbf ttbd i^tnee ftr^ which; conseqaeibtly '^piMheesftt tttrpeEi^iitiB4tk^ fiator, that is^^fl^ •^KfeffiiJMiy di^agri^eablef; "These. birds, as «oon nftstMyiCmi fly qolt #oh* aesia, which are btfilt 1 f p «1 1N;P,0.IIMAN'^. m upon the ground ; anii perch . upon,, t^e]>rA^li«* pt' the trees, and ar$ so extreiueljf .^i^e^ asvt^ allpwyoi^uto approach them ;, vrhen appArien^y j^ost iio a sense of danger^, they iW^lljpQsiliv^Jy sit still, , and see their companions falU £u ti)tf jnanner> by shooting the lower bird , fiistii f^ jnay getaeralLy get several shots; ' inoufnU Ji^/ir Wood fcocks we have i ia the i^roatest ,pjto&il sion.. They are somewhat less than the. Eiv^ish cock ; .and are to be hot at two>8easoiis of /thfe year^rrin spring, wuc a they arrive to breed* and in the autumn* alter their oang have flo^n^ but in ihe former case, 1 think i^ highly iiv^adi* dousvias by it, we not only take the livd<^ of the old birds, but we also deprive, on rselvc^ of the progeny* And I aia much incluK d to think, that if ;tho niaximibe persevered in* that hww^ over plenti^ful the birds may appear at ^ wseiit> |ho:tMne will eomOj.iWheo there will be vecfiifeHr baJr. i?ow0wber i ^ \n}n\\}m .(ir<5umstanq0 nviljb re. I5ftrd/ tp the ; >sali»Qn; ^hpries or? ,the »€C^at.of Sqotland ;,, wheWi at ot^ jpe^M»*.ithe)iSaAwiWi Abfounded to an iui^fepd^nted ej^te^t ; bnt>4n consequence of the misqhi^^min pJianj^fit^iDg jM^: 4^jft.fpaiKiMnar.4l?»P«athj^^^ bt?$;^aieMJa«t . , ■ >f 8 :" ' 1 :■■ ":'TO» Of nn i* 9i» -UMlORAN^i «ft ««a^e, ikm ihtfk Weh HofA^fiHteiikveii ym ftw (o be haid ; and ths^t, which ki the former iMtan^ tvAd' A ^ry iudrative «peoiil&tioD^ be«>, Cftme at la^t^'a losing gainer The snipe also is cqtta% pleatiful. These bird^ are in Much Abundance^ and commonly rise in subh flocks^ that the most bungling spoFtsman it he dees but Id %, mU be certain' to " hit** some of tbem. if: T^ low^ers of grouse shooting, may likeivise faHv^ am ^opportunity of gratity ing their taste •imoiig' us ; which to those w ho have eyer en^ ;gagedi in the diversion in Sootiattd^ it Would be lieedless to say* that it is a very delight^al sports Hi Qithe or v'er of beings, known by tlie appella-- tioD of cfiici, we have several varieties. Among them is tll# free duck, so named from its build> mgitsthh tn»es ; and is generally (onnd in the iXMitiliiity of the streams, which have their aoanaeft in the woodsw This bird, in point of symmetry, may aim* it be said to rival Adonis^ •m-tk^d th» h^utlfnf cMti Whkh iiiiitaMitHits'his ifin^ furehiddi gives hiivii atk'^if>' ^« ^^'iG^iei^HMKl ftWfliDs, <^th6 wiid I iMronMjL^T can '$ay but littte about ; except that their Visits are (juiie in keening with the . morning visits iistialljr' p'^id Iby' the hku^-toh in the vicinity oi" tne K6gent*s park : with this difierencc, that thiey' seidbm'cpL ^escend to alight; whereas the the m'ore refined notions of the eastern cxqui- sites^ Sometimes dictate a better feeling. , ,,1" ()( a|ll 'birds, the one that I should decidedly >iayi wovld be most pleasurable to anew settler, (w^lies^'iarder ft \fo'uld be fair to conclu(ie, con- 'isi^ted of jiinks of por^, at least six inches deep ih the fat— this for the. first year ; only varied by ^vvhatne could find leisui^e to shoot intliQ woo^t^ or subtract from the nuipbers in the streamer- the bird 1 contend that would loo]c . most smi> line on the table of such a man»^ would b^ the ild turjtey; pf, which there are plenty., mthp ndon. and wesiern districts^ a^ , i r^ ^. ,_ This bird IS by no , mpans, dis;9^iQilar %p the jdomestic turltev of tlie conntry.. They w^cjj^^ wm ^, to 1^, and Sdlbs. each, and their fl^sh 18 in jByei^v re^spect, ^gval to the fin(est t^at,,ftye^ jtraced tnd weUiitlere4 straw-yard of Coke, of %'^?»=;.,., „. , T«*-,„.v»« A fneiid of mine— a Bristolcan~-relatesan anecdote, of an occurence whilst he was travel- 1^0 emiabant/s ling through the western dislrictrrH/e became^ benighted, and Was driven to tlie necessity of takmg rcfug^. m a. sorry taVern, keptwby a putchinan ; . yfhere. to the credit of M;^n-heer h^ it spoken,— he was entertained ^Uh every mark of hospitality— and after partaking of an *^eler f/an/" dish of **mftah an(jL milk" and regaling himself 'with copious libations, of that delicions fountain, which !my Hibernian ifisencis would irecoguize iinder the title ^f ''mountain d^W|f' and alsQ indulging ,' in tfiie i^rateful perfumes of the Virginian weed, iTrojii a steamer ol'lJUleshor^ of twelvemonths cam paign-r while the heart of his host, and that of his own, ^rev( wari^^ and geCiiied niore Closely to unite on ei^ery liiove- iiient of the circliiig glass; when ,t^ deep- ibned tongii^ of the cl6cl, warned ' them of the bouf 'for retiring,-i^*it' pi^ciired ' ihat the . only room which the Dut<)hihati could appiro^riaJ(<^ to the lulldiy 6t hid gueWtJ was so excessivefv contracted, that it admitted 6nly W a mmuI Muihp-bedstead, . which came plump against lii^6Ty low' window, and ^t' illso bappeiied, tbat nf traveller wasr exceedingly tali, and ap^^e (^onr London fji'icnd^classically.^express. them, selves excessivel v Tong in the fork. —Most of itty INFORMANT. 221 neatlersl rhave doubtless heard of Hobson, the livery stabteJ^eeper, in Cambridge, who always il^ept.«iie;horse; ready ftadiUed, and wKo uuiform- ly liiih^n apt>ii6d tofor tbehii« of ahonse, would p^int at .the. fiamet 9ftyiag> '* there is that, or iiopf^''-Trin sucbilike siti^at¥>ii» my friend found hiiVp^eif, ^d.aqBordingly mastered all the pbilor ?^?iky i k^ W^ mA^ter o(» to mak? th^ bes^ of a l^ batf aiii.; ; he/ ii^lt^r^roro: jdetermiaed to «pU |diii«^f up m the; i^st mannor lie was able^, little •dQuMing that itbQ fatigues, of tlieday»ian4thie ^oOdl^ cheer, in i^vbich; he liad b^n indulging aii[!thei Dutchman's: ird//, would jenlible him 1o ;4feam away the dusky hours of night—It was jApl^i raei^yrlBOiMih of Miay, and the effects Qf the ppteiit draughty, vrhich had eonsiderabty JiG^ghteQQ^ the , ammali ^pirit$» began to dilate* ,and flow, through eyef y artery in his frame-r^ ^yery vessel yras in , uajUon with^ his heart* ^wliich rang a peal so merry, that had my friend ^bm» gifted with the poiver of song— I am j^tsuaded^ hei would have chanted ** glorious 4r{H41of' JP'ifi sStyle th^. mufit have banished t^ powfMTS jOf fOrpbena, > to . the eternal shades ; aiid the woodS) Abaters, ; and mountains jigging, ^^hiog, and Jloitndcring, with a gladness V (^-•■« ^'.'I'^.'.jrJtjT''-- ■7'fllf/'''.>i '.r"""^ kUIOKAKTVl! W thdt vm» Heverl^nown in Greece {-«»Iiii tins litv. fttkMi it U not very sui^riiliBf m^ ftieiid ahfCMlll iinagiae,(tit« thenboilieter M«od ''lilMN]4reid inid tsnX ftlfei», threw hlMiK^ir^^Tl hie bed;'#h«r«h^ ^Utiiittk into the a«iM 4f tb0 ^l«^ «ii^ «Miii4o^ «ii'lie'^ateii^heiii)$>iow^^' «m4> d^^ «^' lb« 1009^ df i4 ltedf>#%lbh httd ^eeh ddt^Mii IpiBtter soitHt^^d iigbaobfiOiig J«haViiieii, Untt ^» tBiig|Me«n; U fl«q^tr^sii« fMtMdtretohMd«iilM^^ thftida^ the -windiMr, i iii the IhsC^i^ftMliMdli bflbiii^^^ ^antic ehaftke.^Hi>milei tJh«Mt/fb»wlu^s tn^^ in^^ la efidettf oAtta^ C)^ tttrA MM^ Was «M«Rted< by Hn' imftMeiMiB '^iMgkt V^n Hh tbeiiwhole olth* Bight ^ lind mi vaisibgt hkaneir <6tf'lilii tiechilif.dfld)iiiMh hd i(?Hh^dome '^dtfl- •pirity : jpeyformed ; • he dldewii fieitlied * updni his lefs^i and roosted thei« 4ttiliiipiilhetj|dghliAfl IHfORMANV* m tbiitli: it^ ^h|t tjo, cefif^^s, I must ple^d gnilty.to tlie chfirgje iif ofnittiaji; to s^k my Bristol fifiend^ Hp-wh^flifpo^tb^.i^owe^. ., j^^ f . 't. .V In, ^x^^\f,^i^ i^ i^, ^j|U9l to pvt^ twp pigeong int^.,ii.:pj^^ |fi}fj^g^^^jD]^,.th^^ ^tt^m of the ()isli yiith %. pupUjtH^, > or two pC fci^f-stieaka ■; and it in generally the case at inns/ that the pertsoii wlio t;qm^uc(M iQpefaUoM, deo^^i^bi^ &e pigeons, Ipfiyini^ Ij^e- oralis st^n^in^^ (with the^icc^^tion^ of a ^aU fiiperturo», tbr|;^Qgh w^icli the pigeon« have beQn^ dragged into lighi, for.tiie pnrpbse of .sending, them injto.utt^rqarkness. ai^ ootd ,ud>s, eS^t;^ Bag. after th.ed^ of t)ie i0))p^s}^| ,^o the iid^ sn^all, morti^c^tjon of o^.tl»f, Aprils thei^^ bjrd^ uiiy^aUy ^miite . ifa^ an»^pse orno^t— but t^ 1 c^n fajr^ that i i i G 6 .r>iuji>i3 r m kMigrai^tVi fVom'tliOse of £iirdpe, inasmtich, as it is not a bird of passage, but winters it with iisVat vi^ich season it frequently becomes so ' takne, aS to form oiie of the family !in the farnd^yard-^ feeding with the chick-cnsV and others of the aomest^; ctfcie, birds of Ciuia^a, is <^e siiy mind to thd >ne that 1 cannot i^cond one cac)r 01 tne colour^, snr^iassi^s wiqeed i'nbie. 'The feathers W the ^ddy, are of oT a^icii gr^eii j tinted' with brown, which Whett seeniH dte siihVrays, ^s^bVera til^tcky^osi^^ tnf Sttipiassinii in tmpekrance, the itchidst >tdlrbt. lip^; an fxii. /^7 i? 'Vf^^i "^W^ The inhabitants of the stream are by no means scarce with us, nor are we de^cient in variety ; from the immense tenant of the Htiron and Superior, called the Mackinaw trout (that >^ill. sometimes weigh from fifty, to sixty pounds, ^nd which is exoeediugly delicious), to the white fish, that are caught in such profusion* ; that they not only supply the wants of Canada* but are also salted in barrels, and sent to al- most every part of the States. Cod-fish, are alsd abundant ; very many of whicb> as well as th# : f] •.T»J?f Sj-J' l!ttfI«ltA^T'8 \ i wMte-fidby afe salted by the settlers, especially the featbolics, for their winter's store. The ^hitc-tisb atfd very cioHcious Hrhen fresb; and *tp|ic;n ialted, ^ill sell at from25e>. toSOs. per tiirk^l, 6f «K)lbs. filaok and vbite bass, sturgeoA; pial^^H "and carp^ tire iti abundance. Herrings als?o, we have tiboals of. The sucker, and mullet, are by no metinA scarce. We have likewise the cat« fisb, siiid the maskanougi^, which is a Tery •fine'fiilb.'. ■■■•■- Mm In Tery many of our streams, as i think I toeutiatied i^ n preceding chapter, salmon aboOBds^ weighing from thirty to forty pounds'. We have a very good supply Of trout in the «iiaaUstceani»«, which altbou^ not so largo as in £uglandj are^nevertb^kssuot to lie despised, Mi Ib^y . .perfect! jr . verify the old i ndagerr-tbat^ ^i,] It iiji«iBarkabl« that tCSii|3kada, iikenlrelani^f Miifveefromven^moasMiitiles* W^lhstaum i6rs» .lainly: abuUdance of anakea^ but they lire> peri licctJy» bavrnkss. , TJie ima^uitoes iafipf ar t^ be 4iie« only >toroient anoUg tba Bsiaor ai^als ; and Ibttteittre by no means general iadeaied lands « dllfa(QUj;blt is ^ibrtatfil|)r> triM»i!tbatv in the IxoodM INFORMANT » 2zf or in swampy places, tbey are extensively torinentinff. (i^^^>^'Ai<;irAifJJibf'^^ii. ai/ H'H^^M hr.Those who are familiar with the facinatin^ strains at ' A1raack\s, or the Rinj^'s concert- rooms ; or, who have occasionally ha 1 theii^ soiils melted into love* by the delightful eiforts Of Vestris/ 'Or the enchanting sweetness in the stiperlative execution of Mttlibran ; woold have the loss injfinitely well stfjiplied, by Lhe evening roncerts of Ctinada, which lirb re^tilarly glveii by the bnll. frogs, during the summer deasoh. This engaging little aiiinfial, that would eclipse fh^ rtotes of Apollo, and baffle {h& warblifigs 6f Pati,— is always kaderih these festivals, and When aided by the pleasurable notes of the— ■ WhfpvpOoyiWill, and the lively chirping of the crickfet, Whidi is in perfect unison with the st^entorian lungs of the bull-frog ; produces such a combination of extatic sweetness, that dead Indeed — to '^he charms of music— must be the sbhl of that man who could listen, and not kdmirfel!'*/ '^^^ Of thb i^weets of life, it may very fairly be kard, that ih Canada we have a double share i; for not ottly have we the maple sugar as before stated in abundance, but we have likewise a KMI grant's., I \w profusiQn of bees, which thrive well> producing^ honey in abundance, unprecedented in the mo- ther country. ^^^^ n^.mui^h m^^vM, ^,l:-thi$, species of animal may be seen at night n^littering in apparent millions, rouniil the heads of the trees that stand upon the mar* gill of the lakes. Tho ejOfect produced by their raagipal boauty on a scirene evenia^^ contrasted vith, the sable. manviQi and the witching^ stilU ness that precedes the uight, and sparkHng ovef the ti:{^nqi)^ bosom, o^ the lakes --now d^appear- ing—ji«?W, floating before us \s'ith, extended briilianpy^ illui|[i|U)atipgf ; the woods ini every direction ; then suddenly converging to a flerjc ball — and as quickly dispersing, and lighting the air with a profusion of brilliant .spangles, throwing their exquisite rays, on '.^he glofious' distance— kindle sensations of impasHion^^ ao4 and thrilling exfacies^ as when fairic|s ^Tf,qn foot, and (ianre away the silent hour&^of iiigj^^1[^ .In vegetation, we are well supplied witH many of the varieties that adorn ^he, tal^fe^ in the eastern world. Although wc;, pannot boa^t of every luxury which may be seen in the i^arl^c^t of Bath, or, that figures in the stately avenues !ff^« INFORMANT. «f Covent-^ardeii, we have certainly a suffitient variety for the purposes of all our wants, which ought to be jei^ough to -satisfy 1 And with re- gard to fiHiit^^ ^iMAo hai'c :^ose in the greatest prol'u£iipobjas I; believe I noticed before, when speaj^ii^g of the Nl^ara district, and the im« mtnsQ quaotUy of peaches, nectaiines, and other deU<4pus J^uiU ^vrrapples we have in great vari^ ^ty^iPieuiyiQi^i^-hicJiy raised from the liernel^ and nevi^r |;ra,fied, i af^ jBqual to ;some pf the finest gralte^ iVuUin Eugla^^ nii td Ivaul s^lt ^nidrT> ^^y^fGoosebemes, . and ^c^rrttn^, gvoiiir wild, but are net large ;4^c/^rrants produced in the gar- dens are oftbever^ first o^rdeir, but the goose, berries are not iine. Wild strawberries are alsopleotiful in many partst but are not better than those in £n^la»d : ^ose cultivated in the gardens, generally are not near so fine as ia England. The wild raspberry is very good* although certainly not equal in size to the large doubk) Antwerp ; neither are those cultivated in g^irdens so fine— or, I would rather say, are Aot (generally) of so fine a quality. I'XtKjumbers, pumpkins, and melons, are raised by where in the open ground^ and the melons wm ■P ■MP mm m/m 230 KMIGItAMTV „l\ It^ d 1 1 » are in snch profusion, that ihaj are given ia quantities to the pigs. > taiioii *jiq voiij lut xtyhi;/ PItims, pears, and cherries tre have, biitnbt in any great abundance, of these it wmild h^ desirous to increase bur variety, by the intro< dvctron of some stools of the choice di^orip^itv. ' In trees, we hav« as great a Variety of ^ debidtrous kinds' (with very many evergrcctisiX lij$ any country almost in the wof^d } itti^y of thi^e have beiih' Ult^aldy 'Motioned, m ' del-^ cribing the land by the ttii^-^pjigd^ 76^iltli^^ ih4 nlifM^KMM-oth^Hi'llbt ^^tio'n^,' ttr«''ihe balm ^Gileatf, thto sumach, 4h^}tini|)^j(antf thie ttllip tM> wliM Iflist-; gtowilt ^!!o >ah ihi^ in^se^sf^; find U of the gre^«^t ii$rvi^ W tiOMdingr the [oiltlide od ll more genial soil ; audi with^A happiness till thenKunknown-^he ramblefi in'^ttBfittny blessedness, through the tangling mazes of the I forests, or, lingers l^y ,the sunny borders of the delightful waters of this Huron* « ; With l^espect to religious institutions, we can I beliere, boast of as great a variety as any country in the world; but as I have not space HI ■■51 ■ ■'-■- H H s^s^ mam !^ EMtlGRiNf S tb Gfflef into a list of them herci I will content nvyseir, with briefly mentioning those which I €«)inceive to be of the deepest intecest, to^^^i^ moral; and V^Il-meaning christian. a;4.m of the gospel. The Presbyterians, atKi sAdd the<^thoUcs have la small grant from P^rliam^nt, but fire maiiily <8U|»pQrted by the otfAtribudons of their 6Wn congregations. The Methtidmts are sap]Xirtod by stheir own society, with the addition of contabutioos from ^cir congregations. Baptists, and all other sects> are supported entirely by the contributions jo£ their cdi^^gations*—*Hdre I feel myself called on to say, tbat therdigious demeanour, which «t«tto!!i:'fiates in the rUnited States, is also high- ly oharacterestic of the Pfovinces ot Uppa*, and fiOwer Canada. It is pleasing to oljfierrej that in all oar nnmeiHMis newly-establifthet} towni^i^, mf town is no sooner planned, and a fewibuildibgs raided, than with eelmty, that speaks- volumes in favour of the religious tenets 0f the people,, a. Church, or some sort of place ©f I^Kdiip is lidflcd. t , i.h^>, . -u -., v ;;i;i,o: '-" '"W/fft-, ' . INKORIVfANT. 2§3 '^^'.f .(f It h however mnch to be deplored^ that among very many of tbe dissenting con^rej^ations, the majority of their ministers have been selected, -^or rather have selected themselves — from the vrocking classes of society; with whom, I dm, I confess^ uncharitable enough to belicye, that petunia bas been the predominant feeling. And howevei- true it may be* that a selfish motive pervades all haman nature,; still I cannot help regretting that perfectly unlettered individuals* should be countenanced in mounting the ros.- truro» and taking on themselves* the knpc^rtant charge of leading us i^ the paths of virtue, and pointing us to that state of eternal happiness, of whi«^i the disembodied s.pirit may partal^e in those regions of glory— tl»».t.ftmjplroaohing, when we shall have lofiea of talent settle among us ; and that under the influence li4)ftdivine inspiration*, religion wUl flourish, and become the brightest ornament to the Fro^vince. tO'iThe means of education i» greatly advanced within the last few years, but is yet capable of much, improvement. In 1809, it was enacted by law> that a school should h9 .€S<;^lished in ■ t 1! .V .,-? 9^ £M16RAICT\S ev^ry district, iii which the classics and mathe. watics were appointed to be taught ; and a sa- ,la9y of 100/. per annum awarded to the teacfaeii This enactment was. quickly earned into effeot> .and in 1810^ there were not less than eight oii the schools iin< I action. Since iihis^ ^me coinmoii schools hiurift tbeeu' formed, one in «ath*of the townships,^ which ctrC'in receipt of smalls endowi me&ts from the legislature. Many schools hare since sprung upin the more populous townships, but these ^ being for i the most part of the com- molMst ordei^, it must sppear evidenti that as also a d«a)wihgf, ami a Fnench master; and' on estiU^lishment of the v€f y ( firetl • order, for reading, writing, and arithmetic v&rf yqtii;;! e ©j miii iniJuioip ■^i'jtBw ' I Whilst on the subject of education, it msiyr he as well to mention, - that a few i rospecta^blor establishments for ladies, are mnch w^nticdr And unless t^t portion of die ladios of;£fB^^l4nd^ composing a body, which; is jusitly/ entitledito*. our warmest encomiums,' will condescend itcf have some comipassion on us ; 1> fear tho jieeiad is Teiy! remote> when our sylvan^racm,^aiu^ vie with the >fticinating daughters of London^ or i^riiLnd »^.<>d|; #1 ^^.f^f. i^ ' but now, happy countrymen, may stirau-^ late you to rally. — May the voice pf our th^livin^t < ■''f m EMIQItAM'fe^t Colonists g;a forth, and mt^y it sound Hke {the ti^mpet of Gideon,, in th« car,Qtlev«ry ,besiti*r t' g individunl !t— may illie white clvfis of AIi)i<^ ri»itiP4Dd the. pr»iges«; and satisfaction.. of ^ out settlers,. And may eyfiiry village and hamlet^ reverberate the adrantaj^s of emi^^ation ! and, as jthfi/Sanbeam poors.. its cheering light upon the Jilighted prqspect of the tempeBt-driven nm- liner — pointing him to a happy haveo'i^-even so may the.voiee of oor settlers, he the star of at- traction to a famished^ a{id debilitated people! fiv^Hnay they flock in myriads tOi our shores, un# til the numerous sails >whk^ . trfinsport them,*4« spreading their bosoms to the gale— shall ap.^ pear to darken the horizon, and shadow the luminous orb of dayi—Then shall the eheer. fnl hearts of our daughters boiindiog light as the mountain deer -^and beating responses cWith a fullness of joy, to those bright eyes> fiivhicb d acting their beams of love, speak the soft, and secret wishes of the soul, when, — iwith sportive innocence— they shall hang their garlands upon the trees, and, like the. child of «8ong. dancing) and caroling their sweet lays beneath the glimpse of the silver moon, and mingling the purity of their voices, with the ^■ WV'iiiiitf}! . ?! ' . ' INFORMANT* 237 laad the ripUng; mnsic of the adjacent streams ! — aU poaring oat a fallness of spontaneous joy, siifli- «ient to implant in the bosom of every lover ^f a virtuous life, the incontrovertible truth, that if happiness is anywhere to be found on earth — it m«st be, in retirement. ■ j^'^-^' 'i- Should those efforts be the mediutn, througb which any of my countrymen may be induced to ** try tUe bush/* — I have reason to bope> — they will by no means have provocation to ex^ claim — in anything like accrimonious feeling,—- iiad it not been for yottr representations, I should never have been persuaded to qult^ «••■■* ■ '''my native land r pa idv.il f^Mbiwji^ •■iV^u{y:ipJ> -15;;' 'k» ai-iuc-d bit ,.^073 hJ^rrd 'jsDiU ol. ^^V'l U' H?/Muli!'t r. liiiw ti'J«ii!i unftit He«i»' Y!HU~-~D.>«r?u^iu« r^fUioq?, dlivr lo i4k|j ari.t uM ,lmii ^^wv ^liJ iu^qn '^bmAin:i »