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THOMAS WINDSOR niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiimiiiiiiiiiMiiiiii'iiiiic^^» A.]\IT) FIVFAT'T'ROIV^ ^^^^^^ V ■^.m^mm-k :^^k.::^..:M^^ n Its Prominent Places and People •^"" "-.. j|| Representative IVIercliants and Manufacturers i| Its ImpfoVEgent^, ppogPE^^ § EqliBPpri^e | TORONTO, ONT. JVI. G. BIXBY & CO., PUBLISHERS r V . ;. / liHriiinniiM iiMiiniii_niHriniiinii:y.ijlM2Mnii Ml i/^ fc ' N ' \ \ \ y ( ^ li'i n 1 1 n I il 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 'i 1 1 ■ 'i 1 1 1 'i 1 1 1 ^ 1 1 1 Vi II 'i.i 1 1 ; I nil 11 ^nl ll^^jy^i *ll li iterecl accordiiiK to the Act of the I'ariLiiiuMU of Canada, in tlie year of our !,ord one thousand eight hundred and eighty- seven, by Milks G. Hixiiv and Fka.nk S. Hixnv, in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture. II I in II 1 1 1 1 M I'ln I in 1 1 i; II ri 1 1 ij 1 1 \i iiij 1 1 i_i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 ii ■ mi irM;i n 1 1 h^i in 1 1 hi ihi i mii i i i h im hi hum i n hi I'Imiiii iiihii irMiiiniiiiiiiiiiiii 1 1 1 1 iii'i'i III 11 11 1 n'l'i 1 11 1 h'i 1 1 H 1 1 H 1 1 1'l I in i I I'l II 1*1 1 1 1*1 1 11*1111*1 n I'l 1 1 i*u i ilii n 1 1 n i li'i nil ( n*n ii'i 1 1 i*n h*i n I'li i i*i n i*n n*i i n'l i n*H n*iiii liiii'iii ' •iiirnnninnni inniinn nil iniii nil i n 1 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 in innn ii 1 1 1 n n i n 1 1 n 1 1 1 1 iiniiin iiiiini 1 1 ii n n 1 1 in 1 1 iiiini i n iniiii iM'iiniiiii 11 1*1 Hll'lHI !l I 11*1 II HI H*l H 1*1 II H 1 1*1 H 1*1 I I 1*1 l!H*l I I 1*1 I I 1*1 II 1*1,11 I'l I I 1*1 1 1 r.l 1 if I 1 IHIlTl 1 I'n 1 i'ui.i'uij'm .M^^I l.l'll 1,1^^^ mYi II i 1 1 r'l r iii'iiiiui iiiiniiiiH PREFACE '//HK (iROWTH of the Province of Ontario in all departments of industry and commerce is so great that its best informed citizens are not able to keep pace with the very many ra])id changes that are ontinually going on about them. Particularly is this the case with the thriving cities and towns which mark the westward march of civilization and progress, such as London, Guelph, Berlin, Waterloo, St. Thomas, Ingersoll, Woodstock, Preston, Windsor and Strathroy, sketches of which are comprised in this volume. Recognizing the need of some work which would give a compre- hensive and intelligent knowledge of these places, the ])ublishers have no hesitancy in placing such in the hands of the public, believing that no volume heretofore issued contains so great an amount of useful in- %^r\ formation. The design of the work is'not only to acquaint the people of this Province with what properly belongs to their cities and towns, and the respective material growth of each, but also to place with them a convenient work of reference of such character that its distribution abroad will be a matter of interest to all. Whatever may have been the state of affairs set forth as existing under the Canadian Ciovernment, the final outcome seerfts to have been satisfactory to a great majority of this Province, and redounded to the welfare of all trade centres by giving an impetus in the right diiection, and which is now likely to be continued. It has been our object to produce a volume of readable sketches dealing largely with local affairs of the respective places here dealt with, and particularly replete with ])ersonal matter in reference to those who are mainsprings commercially and otherwise, and with whom many of the public, familiar but in name, would gladly become more intimate. To the complete attainment of this object we have secured such aids and general support as must remove our attempt from the limits of mediocrity, and insure for it a permanent success. Respectfully, M. G. BIXBY, ElJlTOK. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiii1iiiiii t 1*; mil' R. M. WANZER & CO. LAMP DEPARTMENT QUR LAI\JP IS ALL WE ^ CLi^IM FOR IT, being positively Non-Explosive, the oil being kepi contit)ually cool, consuming only half-a- pinl of ordinary Coal Oil during six hours burning, using only ai) inch wick, and producing a fine, clear 50 candle power lighl. NO CHIMNEYS are REQUIRED, but ordinary globes or sljades may be adjusted to it, NO SMOKE or OITensive Odor. Water carj be heated iij a few njinutes, Tea or Coffee made and Oysters cooked|elc., with- out obstructing the ligf)t. REFLECTORS of superior quality, and of entirely ijew designs, for botlj outdoor and Indoor use, are furnished at low figures. TERRITORIAL RIGHTS GRANTED i Manufactured by R, 1/L. WAITZBH & CO. HAMILTON, Ont. CO. IS ALL WE IR IT, being xplosive, the conlirjually only half-a- y Coal Oil "S burning, h wick, and e, clear 50 ighl. NO REQUIRED, es or sljades to it, NO sive Odor. ed irj a few offee made J,etc.,with- e ligljt, of superior ilirely gew utdoor and rnished at flCHTS eWing IVjachine B|anufectui'er'^ ^ey^iiii^"e"i^^tiii ^o loW g\(^ lo defy Gom[®Ghit.ioiQ WANZER -C" FOR Family and Light manufacturing THE PRINCIPAL POINTS IN THIS MACHINE ARE: The la'-ge and roomy space under Arm. The adjustability of its parts - -the principal ones being of hardened steel, A Steel Peed on both sides of the Needle. A Triangular Needle Bar, with Oil Cup. Nickel-plated Balance Wheel, with loose Pulley. Positive Take-up, Extremely Light Running, with little or no noise. )N, Ont. The New Wood Work Is greatly admired, and everything about the Machine is as perfect as time and experience can make it. Every Machine is guaranteed for five years. Write for Circular and Prices. iskk paok id»i mil INDICES, Etc. CITY OK LONDON I'ACiK Aiiilerson, J. I.. AC'o., booksellers, etc. 6a Arscott, R. & Co., tanners 54 Atkins & Manness, cigar manfs 87 Bank of llritish North America 97 liank of London in Canada 45 Bartram, W. H., l)arrister 50 Beck, Wm. & Co., Ontario cigar bo.\ works 73 Beddome & Brown, insurance 83 Beecher Brothers, hot air furnaces. .. 63 Belton, James H,, lumber, lath, etc. 84 Bennett Furnishing Co 41 Bon 'Ion I.ivery, R. Heuston 54 Bowman & Co., coal and wood 51 Bradford, A., wholesale and retail confectioner 79 Brenlon, T., furniture 52 British Kmpire Mutual Life Ass. Co. 61 Brock, W. A., gunsmith 80 Brydges, C. E. , real estate, etc. 43 Burns S: Lewis, wholesale clothiers. 91 Call.ird, J., druggist 69 t'ameron, A. 1)., coal and wood 93 Canada Chemical ALtnufnctU'ing Co. 56 Canada Life Assurance Co 50 Carrie, W. L., bookseller, etc 84 Cash Si Co., fancy dry goods 74 Chapman, Charles, bookbintier, etc.. 87 Chapman, J., pliotographer 82 Chapman, J. H. S: Co., dry goods. . . 64 Clarence House. H. M. Ryan 38 Cleghorn & Co , fruits, etc 69 Cole, A., wood turner, etc 65 Colwell, C. F., musical merchandise. 59 Confederation Life .Association, G. K. Robertson g5 Connor, Thomas, meats 96 Cooper, Frank, photographer. ....... 59 Cooper, John, photographer 85 Cooper, S., Devonshire dairy 81 Cousins House, Col. J. Cole Cox & Co., stock brokers 86 Craddock, G., architect 74 Crawford, C. A. & Co., wholesale millinery 79 Cro^sman, K. A., .irtist 64 Dart, R., carriage manufacturer 91 Darvill, D. & C^o., founder, machinist 53 Davis, H. & Jion, watchmakers, etc. . 82 Dunn, James, harness, etc 97 Dwyer, Wm. M., marble works 48 De la Hooke, Ed., transpoitationagt. 57 Denton, J. M., merchant tailor 60 Dominion Baby Carriage Co 44 F.dy Brothers, photographers 78 Electropathic Institute, Dr. J. G. Wilson 95 Empire Oil Co 90 E.scott, T. B. ifcCo., wholesale grocers 42 Federal Life Assurance Co 52 Ferguson Bros., lumber 43 Ferguson, John & Son, furniture and undertakers 54 Fessenden Bros., sewing machines, pianos, etc 81 Fitzgerald, Scandrett & Co., grocers. 44 Forest City Business College 49 Forest City Wire Works, R. Dennis. Fox, John, scale manufacturer Fraser & Fraser, barristers Fraser House, J. Fraser Friend, J., baker and confectioner. .. Fulcher, f. , livery Gardner & Olver, j)rinters, etc Gillean, Thomas, jeweller Gould & Stratford, plasterers, etc. . . Grant House, J. C. < iraiil Graves, O. B., Ulterior decorations. . (Jreenaway, Jame.s, steam he:iting, etc Great North-Wcstern Telegraj>li C'o.. Greer & Wigmore, wall papers, etc.. Griffith, Tunis, lumber Grigg House, Samuel Grigg Gurd, J. &, Son, gunm.Tkeis Halle, W. & Co., pianos, etc Haselgrove & Jones, civjar manfs Haskett, H., house and sign painter. Heamen, George, carriage builder . . . Heard, W. H. & Co., plumbers, etc.. Hinton, Willi.im, furniiure, etc Hisco.v's I^ig Livery, G. T. Hiscox .. Hobbs, Osborn & Hobbs, hardware, glass, etc Hookway, R. & Co., flour, grain, etc Howard, I'. W. & K. H., pictures, frames, etc Hunt liros. , produce, coal and woi d. Hunt, J. F., bed and mattress factory Huron & Middle.se.v Mutual Fire Ins. Hyman, C. S. & Co., tanrteis and boot manufacturers Jewell, G. F., accoiintani Johnston, James, biUclier Jones tfe Wall, auction and commission merchants Kennedy. James & Co.. wholesale druggists Kirchmer, Frank, liill poster Knight, C F., surgeon tlentist Kordes, E. H., bindery Lacey, R. F. , b.iot and shoe uppers . Law, John, bell and brass founder. . . Lea, James H., mfg. confectioner. .. Le Bel, J. D., lumber London & Petrolea Barrel Works. . . London Brewery, John Labatt London Business College London Cigar Manufacturing Co. . . . London Drug Co London Brush Factory London Feed Co., J. C. Halliday. . .. London 1 ,oan Company London Machine Tool i'-o London Real Estate and Agency .*\s- .sociation London Soda Water Works Lon, W. E., ins. and real estate 123 TOWN OK WOODSTOCK liain, J. (1., tinsmith, .stoves, etc 133 Bain Waggtin Factory 145 Bicherton, K. tfe Co., builders' sup- plies, etc 131 Hoyes, W. ('■., books, stationery, etc. 145 Charter, 1 homas, pianos, organs, etc. . 137 Catlint;, J. J., plumber, etc 143 Chaplin, K., pork packer, etc 139 Commercial Hotel, fl. A. Forbes.... 136 Coventry, John, dry goods 14 Dent, A. I,., grocer 138 Douglas, John, saddlery and harness 134 r)unn, F. W., saw and tool repairing. 134 Francis, A. \V., proprietor Woodstock Times 130 Fulton, R. R. & Co., groceries 142 (lould Brothers, flour atid feed 140 Great Western Rolling Mills, Mc- Donald & Thompson 135 Hay, James S: Co., furniture 132 Hay, James & Co., glue 132 I'AtiK I mperial Bank of Canada 1 36 Karn, W. A., druggist 142 Kniglii & Brown, real estate, etc 141 McBean, A., hardware 143 McDonald, James, dry goods 42 Mcintosh i (iriffiths, coal, wood, etc. 140 McKay, Roderick, merchant tailor.. 134 McKenzie, John A., injlirance and transportation 131 Mcl.eod, James H., merchant tailor. 133 Merner &l Co., merchant tailors 146 Millman, W. H., crockery, groceries. 137 Molsoiis Bank 140 Morri.son, John, groceries 136 Newton, Andrew, merchant tailor ... 136 New York Store, C. J. Tuthill & Co.. groceries, etc 133 Oxford Foundry and Kngine Works.. 138 Oxford Tin Sheet Mill Works. .. .... 142 Peacock, Daniel, builders' supplies . , 140 Perks, W. C, M.D., physician, etc.. 145 Pike, John, seed warehouse 137 Reid, W. A., groceries, etc i ji Richmond, D. C., boots and .shoes. .. 132 Ross, J. A., boot and shoe maker. ... 138 Sachs, A., plumber, etc 139 Sawtell, R. W., insurance 134 Scott, James, groceries, wines, etc.. 135 Sharp, E., furniture 141 Siple, E. F., baker and confectioner.. 139 Stark, Rol)ert, chemist 139 Thomas, E. (1. A Co., organ inanfrs.. 144 Wadland & Webber, land, loan and insurance 145 Watson, Alexander, mfr. of stoves . . . 138 Watson, Alex., Jr., tinsmith, stoves 143 Wetherall, Francis, g'octries 141 White, John & Co., dry goods 131 Whitney, J. L., stoves, tinware, etc. 146 Willi.s Bros., cigars, billiards, etc. . , . 140 Wilson, W. C., groceries 133 Wood, W. M., general agent 144 Woodard, A. J., meats 132 Woodburn Roller Mills, Suitter & Mc. , druggist H5 Kilroy, Thos. K., grocer 155 Marentelte, \'., stationer 154 Nutson, W. C., planing mill 156 Robinson & Anderson, grocers 154 Rocheleau, J., tailor 156 Stearns, Frederick & Co., manufac- turing druggists 152 Webster, S. H. & Co., tailors 154 Windsor Truck Co 154 Windsor Varnish \\'ork« 150 TOWN OF STRATHROY Bixel, M. & Son, mfrs. lager beer 157 (Irist, Charles, hardware and iron merchant 158 Hoskin & Co., tinsmiths, stoves, etc. . 157 Meekison, A., grocer 157 Meeki.son, J. D., stationer 157 Strathroy Knitting Co 158 Strathroy Manufacturing Co 158 . ''%v. I [ !I liMl OIIAND THUNK KAILWAY l| / G [®§\ nd V # pa n\{ •:• M §^ i I v/a v The GrIiat International Highway between every City in Ontario and Quebec, and all principal points across the American Continent. £ir20 pcael^e^all Old Orchard Reach Portland Quebec White Mountains Rapids of the River St. Lawrence Thousand Islands Niagara Falls Lakes George and Champlain ALSO THE FOLLOWING BUSINESS CENTRES : Montreal Peterborough London St. Catharines Hamilton Chatham Brockville Ottawa Sarnia Kingston Toronto Detroit Buffalo Chicago, Etc. Pullman's Palace Sleeping and Parlor Cars are attached to all Express Trains and run through on quick time. An extensive variety of Tourist tickets on hand at all the principal offices, comprising the most popul'^r and interesting routes on the continent. Through tickets al Lowest Fares on sale at all Stations and Agencies. Wm. Edgar, L. J. Seargeant, J. Hickson, Gtneral Pass. Agent Traffic Manager General Manager HEAD OFFICES, MONTREAL :i ■ THB DOMINION OF CANADA inoe 1887 PHEF^AIORY REVIEW Its Ele.mknts ok Wealth, Manufacturing Industries and Acricultural Productions, Etc. UK steadily iucreasirif? population of the Old Country, and the fields of industry and enterprise which in so many branches of trade, owing to improved labor-saving nnichiiicry and the importations of other countries, have become so restricted, cause vast ninnbcrs to look to the colonies of Great IJritain for that field of labor which is practically denied them at home, or is so crowded and circumscribed as to prevent the development and exercise of that native talent or energy, which, if properly used, should in the course of time lead to a com- petency and independence, The employment of capital not less than the employment of labor, the relief of distressed trades, of overpeopled districts, of individuals and their families struggling vainly without hope, and of overflowing manufactures seeking a market and a beneficial return — are all connected with the subject of emigration and with the effects that grow out of it in a new country. It is not therefore to be wondered at that the public should not be easily satisfied in their inquiries upon'a subject which in times like the present comes home to the businesses and bosoms of a largo and enterprising class of individuals. As the interest of the subject rises above those classes by whom it has hitlierto been looked upon merely as an ultimate relief from pressing distress, and extends to persons in better circumstances, who begin to incjuire into the state, prospects and industries of these new countries which open such a field for energy and enterprise, a species of information comes to be required more particular and authentic than the hasty opinions of publishing travellers or the brief reports of settlers in the woods. Such information is the object of these publications on the Inoustriks of Canada. The Imperial Government has for many years attempted to deal with the surplus population, and liberal assistance has continuously been granted to deserving and desirable emigrants. The question at the start for those who contemplate leaving their native land is, naturally, where to go. Equally natural it seems to be that as the individual growth of a town or city is in a westerly direction, so the civilization and development of this globe has advanced in a similar path, and the would be emigrant unconsciously follows the immortal advice of Horace Greeley, "Go west, young man, go west ! " and turns his eyes to the western continent of America. Though Great Britain has possessions in all parts of the globe, it is to Canada that most look for the establish- ment of that new home over tlie seas, and the reasons are patent. The Dominion is within comparatively easy access, the rates for passage are very low, the difference in life and climate is ,4 .'.'1 V' III'' ' [ ; *fi ■r ■ il 6 DOMINION OF CANADA not 80 marked as is generally supposed, while aa a land of resources Canada offers inducements which cannot readily be duplicated. The history of this country is in a great measure made up of her individual settlers and of the five millions of people who are now spread over this vast extent of territory. Many thousands came here, both in early youth and in middle age, who, without any means, have nevertheless, by the exercise of indomitable energy and perseverance, attained an independence, and in many cases affluence. Tliis is especially the case with tenant farmers from Britain. Never in the history of English f aiming have bad years so successively and for so long a continuation followed the efforts of the agriculturist at home, yet to him at all times Canada opens up her boundless tracks of rich and fertile soil, which are simply awaiting the plough of the pioneer. It is true that some hardships may at first have to be encountered, but the certain hope of independence is sufficient to sustain the mind under all temporary privations. Tlie settler here sees the time fast approaching wlien the wilderness to him shall be " a fruitful field, and the desert shall blossom as the rose," when the productive rfoil shall gratefully yield an ample reward to his toils. The emigration from European countries has in the last few decades constituted an exodus which has formed a remarkable feature in modern history, and no better emigration agents are in the field than those who have settled here, and have by practical experience benefited by the change of country, and who now urge friends and relations to throw off the ties of a long association and find here a new home, wUii every hope of prosperity and success. Statistics show that during the last twelve years abont two and a half millions of people have emigrated from and through Great Britain, and there is at present no signs of any decrease in numbers. Many of these have permanently located in Canada, and a fact which in this connection is an important one, as illustrp' •■'; the prosperity here attained, is tiiat large sums of money — in one year amounting to over $10,000,000 — are annually transmitted to the Old Country to prepay the passages of friends to enable them also to emigrate. The consideration of the right classes who should emigrate is an important factor, as it cannot be denied that many, by specious promises and false statements of emigration agents and other interested parties, are induced to emigrate to Canada who are both unfit and undesirable settlers. Canada is essentially an agricultural country ; her riches are the result of the illimitable resources of her fertile soil. Hence there is primarily a steady demand for the tiller of the land ; this demand has ever exceeded the supply, and the inducements offered to the farm labourer cannot be excelled in any country. There iias ever been a great scarcity of female domestic servants, and such find here immediate employment and remunerative wages. It is more tlifticult to speak collectively of mechanics and artisans. In seasons of special activity there is steady employment, at good wages, for carpenters, joiners and bricklayers, but there are periods at which work is difficult to obtain ; highly skilled labor finds, however, a ready market, and the completion cf the Canadian Pacific Railway should develop new industries in the North-West. In a general way the various nianu- f actories, which in all oui cities and towns are in some branch or orther engaged in active operation, make a demand for immigrant labor, while the timber, fishing and mineral I'esources of th« Dominion all attract their duo proportion of labor and enterp^'ise. THE DOMINION OF CANADA I iii(lucemeiit8 e made up of is vast extent who, without e, attained an farmers from 1 for 80 Ions a Canada opens )lou>,'h of tlie i certain hope The settler field, and tlie imple reward ed an exodus Buts are in the the change of ition and find iring the last Jreat Britain, lently located lie prosperity -are annually to emigrate. , as it cannot its and other able settlers, ble resources this de-nand be excelled id such find )llectively of good wages, It to obtain ; dian Pacific ious n.anu- .■e operation, rces of the DliSCKirnVE AND HISTORICAL R1:\TH\V THE DOMINION. ITS LEADING FEATURES, CHARACTERISTICS, AND NATURAL RESOURCES, TOGETHER WITH BRIEF SKETCHES OF ITS REPRESENTATIVE INDUSTRIES AND PROMINENT CITIZENS As the Silurian and Laurentian rock-beds stretch under the seas from the mother land to (Canada, so do the firm bonds of mutual interest and brotherly affection cause the two peoples to stand together on the ground of a common Imperial origin, a common present purpose, with equal hopes of a profitable and inseparable future alliance. ^.mongst the luimorous colonial possessions of Great Britain, Canada has long ranked as the brightest gem in the Imperial diadem, and as emigration from the Old Country is especially directed towards lici- ever inviting shores, the history of the Dominion is of more general interest in an individual sense than that ot other and more distant colonies. The honor of discovering that portion of North America afterwards called Canada is con- sidered to belong to John Cabot and his son Sebastian, both Italians, who, two years after the pearance of the natives augerp con- try bore tlie inated froii* ) trne origin ly years no ned for lii» kable of the 1 de Cham- 3yal marine nder Henry licDval type,. ; enterprise. In 1C03 two lOns, bore a- ommaiid of lieir voyafje overinf,' the titives, wlio ley soon re- , of which er the coni- anted vice- the Buy of the main , on whicli It was nter set in renchmen lie seventy- idomitable thai'Ky and .ugmented, o abandon aiu up th& river, tlie id ruKKed, ith many ins, which i nori-hern it,'h -Heated bo tliat of On the 3rd of July, 1G08, Champlain's littlo band, but twen-y-eiglit in number, landed and founded the site of the present city, and the establishment of the French in Canada became an established fact. Champlain continued his wist- administrat'.on of the infant settlement up ti the time of his death in Kii}"). The colony could ill spcre him ; for twenty-seven years ho had labored hard for its welfare, sacriflcing fortune, repose and domestic peace, to a cause embraced with enthusiasm and pursued with intrepid persistency. With the life of this faithful soldier closed the opening period of "New France," In Ki.ST the Jesuit'c C!olk 'e was founded, while 16.39 marked the arrival of the Ursuline nuns, who were destined to render invaluable assistance to popular education. Within the precincts of their convent lie buried the remains of the gallant Montcalm, who fell in the eventful battle of the Plains of Abraham, Sept. 13, 1759. I'ii'irJ'ioiti thiCitdilcl, Quebec nvcrlookinp the St. Ltnrrenvr It was not till Kifi"), when the wise policy of liouis XIV, instituted a Royal Government, tliat any substantial progress in the new settlement was made. Under his paternal care, horses, sheep, jattle, and young women for wives, were dispatched in abundance, and in one season more than two thousand persons liad landed at Quebec at the royal charge, (Jne ol)tains glimpses of the pristine state of Quebec through the early police regulations. Kach inhabitant was roiiiiired to make a gutter along the middle of tlie street, before his house, and also to remove refuse and throw it in the river. All dogs, without exception, were ordered home at nine o'clock. Smoking in the streets was forbidden, as a precaution against tire ; householders were re!t, by the results it led to, is one of the most memorable in ('anadian annals. Under the French domination Canada was more a military tlian an agricultural colony ; during time of war the various settlements were little more than a chain of barracks; while the more mercantile and agricultural settlements on the British — now the American — side of the Kt. Lawrence and the lakes, were rapidly progressing in prosperity and power. The State of Massachusetts alone at this time could muster 40,000 men capable of benringarms; Connecticut, 27,000; Now Hampshire, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania and Virginia could add considerably to the number ; and though at the commencement of the next cami)aign the Canadian forces gained some partial advantages, the day was fast approaching when the proud fleur-de-lis of haughty France must bend beneath the paw of the British lion. DOMINION OF CANADA 11 mm I'rif at Quebec. V of Utrecht. ly Territory.^ {ritain, while e Uretoii and of St. Law- c (juestion of ulian annals, ony ; liiirin^; ile the more- of tlie St. lie State of Connecticut, ;rably to tlie iiiiied some ijlity France- William Pitt, then Prime Minister, had resolved that the flag of old England should float on the bastions of Quebec. Canada was to be invaded at three distinct points by ovoiwhehning forces, with Quebec as the centre of attack. The ancient capital is thus forever identitied witli the renown of the two great nations who contended for its possession ; and the history of this period will always bu referred to as equally interesting, attractive and important. The varied incidents of the expedition — the arrival before the towfl, the attack of tlie tiro ships, the defeat at Montmorency, tlie bomb ard'l ment from Point ; Levis, the land ing under heights of Abra- ham, tile battle' of the Plains, tlie-.; death of the two heroic leaders. the surrender, the battle of Sillery or St. Foye, the siege by tlie French, and the arrival of the I'higlish fleet -form a series of spirit-stirring events which possess the mind with the eager interest of vicissi- tudes, as they in turn develop the great game of war, played by the most skillful hands and for the noblest stakes. The scene of this heroic drama, the actors and the event, will be for ever memorable. Any one who visits the celebrated Plains of Abraham, the scene of this glorious light— e(iually rich in natural beauty and historic recollections — will admit that no site could be found better adajited for displaying the evolutions of military skill and discipline, or the exertion of physical force and determined valor. The victory of the English, which forever settled the fate of Canada, was, however, dearly bought by tlie death of the valiant Wolfe at the very moment when success was assured ; though a deatli more glorious, attended with circumstances more picturesque and interesting, is nowhere to be found in the annals of history. A lofty monument to the joint memory of Wolfe and his great rival, Montcalm, is now erected on the spot where the former fell. A complete change now took place in Canada. From the lofty cape, where for more than one hundred and fifty years the white flag of France had waved defiantly, now streamed the banner of St. George ; a Hanoverian sovereign, who held his sceptre by virtue of the conquest of England l)y A ricirfraiii llif Ciliiilcl, Quiher m m III 1 1 ml ' I. I' ii' ii!: i; 12 DOMINION OF CANADA William the Norman, was now called on by conqnost to rule over a Norman colony. History has many of these mysterions teachinf^s. In addition to being the oldest city in North America, Quebec, historically speakinf,', is also the most interesting. The traditions and associations which cling to its beetling crags and hoary battlements, and cluster around its battlefields, monuments and institutions, are iitnnerous and important in the eyes of the world. History speaks from every stone of its ruined walls and from every standpoint of its sur: roundings; anti(iuily is stamped upon its face, and quaintness is its chief characteristic. Tlie points of greatest interest are tlie following : The Dufferin and Durham Terraces give a walk, with a view wliich is one of the "great views of the world." Athens, Prague, Edinburgh, Bal/lmrg, Venice and (Quebec have, perhaps, the most beautiful sites ; and travellers will agree tliat the last is not the least in i)()ssessing the attributes of grandeur. From this terrace a circuit sliould l)e made along the " Old Town Jiinos " — ancient embrasured defences, still showing the cannon of a past ago pointed to the approaches by which assaults were nnide in the last century. If such a promenade be taken, tlie tourist will pass tlie wing of the old Chateau de St. Louis, where dwelt the French governors and commanders, and passing the Post Office, should note a curious stone inlaid in the new wall — a stone which came from an o! l)uilding, and wliose story forms the motive of a charming novel, written by W, Kirby in English, called the " C^liien d'Or," a book which should be bought and read at Quebec. The Archbishop's palace is a goodly pile of stone, wherein lives the prelate, who most worthily represents a (Jhurch which governs the conscience of as hardy, pure and happy a population as exists anywhere in tlie fol0,000 acres of land surveyed, the population by the census of 1881 biMUg 1,35!»,027; of these 1,073,820 were of French origin ; 81,515 of English; 54,0'2:{ of Scotch ;. 123,749 of Irish; and the remainder of other origins. Classified according to religion, there are 1,170,718 Iloman Catholics and 188,30!) Protestiuits. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the people of Quebec, but manufactures, ttshing in its great watera, and commerce ^i 14 DOMINION OF CANADA I'll 1 1 mill {' 1 I occupy the labors of a considerable part of the population, as do also lumbering, mining and Bhip-bnildins. Let U8 leave these liyperborean problems and look at the shores of Labrador or Newfoundland. Those of the north- ern land are low, tlioHo of the south- ern island bold, in- dented and pictures- que. It was upon these that the gaze fell of the lirst Ku- ropean who discov- ered tlie New World, when Eric the Red's son, Lief, coasted alon^ them in his Norse fjalley in the days when, as Hnin- Ijoldt says, "the Cal- iphate of Butjdad was still flourishing,' under the Abbassi- ~ des, and while the C rule of the Sanian- ^ ides, so favorable to "5. poetry, still flourish- .-S ed in Persia." Nine ^ hu\idred years have ^ since come and ^one, but these shores re- main as they were, f. r tlie thick woods of light firs are un- cleared, and the deer on the land, and the seals, the white por- poises, and the wild fowl of the waters, have almostas "good a time " as they en- joyed in those old days. Newfoundland still receives with loyalty a Governor sent out by the Old Country, instead of following the exam- ple of the Provinces of the Dominion, whicli, with equal loyalty, receive a Governor uonunated as the representative of ■i ; if DOMINION Ol' CANADA 16 '!i«, niininf? aiul Newfoundlftiul. seof the north - liiiid are low, o of the Houtli- island bold, in- ed and pictureB- It was upon > that the fjaze 'f the lirst J'hi- in who discov- tho New World, Eric theRed'H Lief, coasted ; them in his Kalley in the when, as Hutn- says, "theCai- L' of Bagdad till flourishinf,' the Abbasai- md while the f the Sanian- Jo favorable to ■, still flourish- Persia." Nine ed years have ;onie and gone, eso shores re- as they were, i thick woods t firs are un- l.and the deer land, and the he white por- and the wild ' the waters, rnostas"good " as they en- n those old ewfoundland iceives with a Governor t by the Old r, instead of g the e;;ani- le Provinces ssentative of monarchicardemocracy by the Canadian Government. For two terms she lias had tlie happiness of having a distinguished sailor and colonial statesmen, namely, Sir John Glover, to preside over her councils. Hir .John has lately returned to liis first transatlantic love after a brief connection with a group of the fair West Indian Isles. As all the world knows, he was to have led the expedition against King Coffee in Ashantce. But at theelev'enth hour a change in the views of the military authorities of England took place, and Hir Garnet Wolseley, with regular troops, was sent out, leaving Kir John Glover the task of making an attack to divert thfe attention of the enemy by a parallel march with liis gallant Mack " Houssa " levies The part thus allotted to Kir John Glover he undertook with the greatest success, but at one [point of tlie march fortune seemed to declare against him. A native chief living some distance up comitry swore that he could not provide the necessary transport. It was well known that ho was perfectly able to do so, and after a conference which had proceeded uselessly for a whole nun-ning, a flat refusal was given by the black sovereign. Sir.Iohn's ire was up, and he rose, and with dig- nity Hud precisidii hurled at the dark dignitary a rough chair on which ho had been sitting. It caught him in the right place, and in two hours the neces- sary number of port- ers were ready. This story, like many an- other, became dis- torted in the telling of it. Kir John was nominated for the Newfoundland Gov- .„ . 1 f'Idce ir.trmcM Siniuirr, Montreal ernment, and some ' ' Dne in England wrote to a friend in Newfoundland, saying, " Look out for your next Governor, for he is not a man to be trifled with, lie hnochi'd hia hial Prime Minister down willi an arm choir .'" The whole of this enormous territory is divided into Provinces, whose limits are probably not all permanently fixed. For instance, among those which originally formed part of the confederation, it is possible that Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, or one of them, may amalgamate with Prince Edward Island. Again, in the newly-settled country of the Central Continent great spaces have been provisionally named, but as time fills them with people their bounds may be found to be ill-set, and a readjustment may be made. On the other hand it is curious to observe with what tenacity the several States of the American Union, whether they be small or big, have kept to the original lines marked out for them when much of their land was unexplored forest or unknown prairie. The Americans gave in the beginning the title of " Sovereign " States to the members of their Union, and it was a moot point whether a State had or had not the right to secede from the Federation, disastrous as such a proceeding must prove to national life. That point was settled in favor of national autonomy by the civil war which raged between the North and South from 1861 to 1885. The Canadians, when they drew up their scheme of Federation, were careful to eliminate as far as possible the danger which might spring from weakness of the 10 DOMINION OF CANADA Parliament B'uiUlingii, Ottaira—ll'cst Block. Central Power. They provided fully for local rule and for a Na- tional Government. Kacli Pro- vincial fiovernment was given full power to make laws for the edu- cation of children, for the manner in which property should be held and devolve, and for the raising of revenue for local purposes. No individual Province can arm and maintain troops, lay on export and import duties, control navi- gation, or make a railway beyond its own borders, witliout Federal authority. The Union was not brought about in a day. It was the result of long and anxious discussion. It was born of the necessity to have greater common strength, not against an enemy, but against the impotency inseparable from disorganization. Kailway and navigation works were wanted, and isolated colonies could not execute them. But there was much opposition. Many in the French Province did not like the plan, fearing that it might diminish the security of the treaty rights of the French for the preservation of their laws, language and nstiiutio.,.,. Nova Scotia, too, had a strong party against the proposal. Prince Edward Island only joined her sisters after they had joined hands, and Newfoundland has consistently kept to her resolve to remain alone. But the rights of all who joined, or may join, are carefully guarded. Quebec was made the " Pivot Province," in that she had a certain number of representatives, and the repi-esentation of the others was based on the numbers she sent. In Sir .lohn Macdonald's words, spoken in 181)5, "the whole thing is worked by a simple rule of three. For instance, we have in Upper Canada one million four hundred thousand; in Lower Canada, one million one hundred thousan". Now the proposition is simply this : Lower Canada has a right, with one million one hundred thousand, to sixty-five members ; how many members should Upper Can- ada have ? The same rule ap- =^^rt^ .^s^ "9 plies to the other Provinces ; ^^^r"- tiie proportion is always ob- ..g ^ft B^-' served, and the principle ofr population carried out. . . If an increase is made in t numbers in the house. Lower Canada is still to be made theit pivot on which the whole cal- culation will turn." But all these safeguards could not prevent misgivings among] some of Quebec's worthiest sons. Their feelings were like^ those which'prompted the old Departmental hiiildings, Ottawa— West Block. They provided iile and for a Na- lent. Each Pro- lent was f^iven full laws for the edu- !U, for the manner ty should be hold I for the raiHinj,' of tl purposcH. No ince can arm and I, lay on export icH, control navi- a railway beyond without Federal rt'aa not brou(,'ht It was the result iouH discussion, imy, but a<^ainst ere wanted, and y in the French aty rifjhts of the otia, too, had a i after they had done. ]$ut the ide the " Pivot 3nto,tion of the n in 18lw, "the sr Canada one an\ Now the d thousand, to DOMINION OF CANADA 17 Parlidiiu lit Hiiiim, Olldirn Scottish |)eerH at the time of the Union with Kngland. It was, in their fears, " the end of a noble old song." " Con- federation," said one of them, "only exists as a e means of mutual defence and support aj,'uin8t a>,'i{roHHion and attack, thifl can oidy be obtained by a union of some kind between the weak and scattered boimdarieu com- posing' tiio Britisii North American I'roviiures. " And hitor, in the same speech, he continued, " I am str()n>,'ly of ()l)inion tlial year by year, as we j;row in i)opulation and Htrenj^th, Knj,'land will see more the advantaf^e of maintaining^ the alliance between Uritish North America and herself. Instead of looking; upoa us as a merely dependent colony, England will liave in us a friend|y nation, a subordinate, but still a powerful people, to stand by lier in Nortli America in peace and in war." Lord LanHdoinii , (torrniordcntrol And new, in looking back upon tliis speech, it may be well to remember that Lord Derby, speaking in^l884, said that lie did not know wliero tlie public man could now be found who would venture to propose the separation of the colonies from the Mother Country. Already, therefore, tlie prophecy that the tying together of the separate sticks into one fagot would provide fuel for patriotic ardor and spirit among the colonists, and respect in the Mother (Country towards her great dependencies, has proved true, Canada presents to tho world tlie spectacle of a united peo])le, daily and hourly growing in strength and union. Her alliance will soon be a prize, her dependence is a lessening fear even to tlie most nervous and responsibility-hating politician. In lier institutions she has kept to the model sliown by the three kingdoms. There is the representative of tho sovereign in tlie Governor-General, who is bound to be a constitutional ruler, giving to the Ministry, representing the majority of the House of Commons, liis loyal support. It is his duty to use his moral influence with his Minister for what he conceives to be tho public good ; but his opinion as expressed to them must remain unheard beyond tho Council (.'hamber. Where ho sees danger to the Imperial connection, it is also his duty to make known his views ; perhaps, if occasion requires it, to a larger audience. Tliere is a Senate, having the attributes, but liardly the strength, of the British House of Lords ; and there is the People's Assembly, tho House of Commons, chosen by a low but not by a universal suffrage. Tiie number in the popular house is at present 212. The debates in ths Commons display great talent, and among no section of the population is forensic ability more f recjnently shown than among the French Canadians. Lawyers and physicians are perhaps in a majority'jin this assembly, and it is said that when one of the members fainted on the floor of the House, one half of the representatives of the people rushed up to render him their medical assistance ! Most of the Provinces have two Chambers, although the most populous, namely, Ontario, is content with one. The nation represented in these assemblies will have a wide continuous belt of populated territory stretching [right across the continent. The only sections where their numbers will be sparse are those also which are strong in defensive positions, and in I 1 r ». DOMINION OF CANADA: lit ed by Hir Joliii bo form 11 ^'roat tli« World, able s, iiiid to (lofeiid to havo one HyH- rnmorcial union, 10 |)tioj4u of tlio ho Hui 10 nation, iiinio allu^'iimcu, tamo blood and each other t'-e [ainst ajjyroHHion a union of Home Joundaries com- ■ovincos." And ' I am stroiii^ly V in i)oi>ulHtion le advantage of North America ;iB aH a merely 1 UH a friendly I in peace and ■ Lord Derby, ind who would , therefore, tlie ■ovide fuel for vards her ^jreat united peojjle, ler dependence or institutions titative of the ) the Ministry, ^uty to use his lis opinion as sees danger to asion reijuires rength, of tlie losen by a low 'he debates in ability more porliaps in a e floor of the rlieir medical Ions, namely, have a wide only sections tions, and in the ditlicultieH tlio country preHonts to an eniMiiy as well as to the HwarmH of HcttlerH. Thoso two trnctH are, first, the region along the north of hake Huporior ; and, Hecoiidly. that wliere tiie triple chains of the Ilocky Mountains, the Holkirk and the Cascade ranges, shut out from the mild Pacitic coast the severer teiii|)cratureH of the ('enlral Continent. If wo compare the capabilitii's Canada shows for the possession of a continuous Iwlt of popula- tion from sea to sea, with the capacity of any given belt belonging to the United Htates, and stretching across from the Atlantic; to the Pacific, we siiall iind that the comparison is favorable to tlie nortliern land. .Vlthough what the miipn call " Dw. great American Desert " has been proved to be in many places capable of settlement and cultivation, yet there are vast spaci's on any given lino from east to west in the United Htates wliicli cannot bo profitably used. There i> an aridity which (lelies the agriculturist, if lie cannot procure water Hiilllcieiit for irrigation. Tlu're is nothing more curious in the physical problems of any country than that finiiisjii'd l)y sdiiif of I In' ^'icul plains of America. It seems as though the whole surface was being raised and desiccated. There is evidence enough tliat in remote ages there was an abundance of water in these parched regions. To the south the sands of New Mexico, Soutliern C'alifornia and Arizona are the sands of an old sea bottom. In Wisconsin the country, now bare and dry, shows the traces of many lakes; and innumerable mounds, the work of old dwellers in the land, prove tliat numbers of human beings lived, worked and died on tlie enormous steppes. On the other hand, to the north, while the same process of the raising and drying of the land is evidently in progress, it has not proceeded so far There are dry, cactus-covered plains along the frontier of Assiniboia, the central Province of the Canadian North-West ; but as soon as the Saskatchewan valleys are reached, and in general far to the south of this limit, the moisture is evident in the luxuriance of the grasses, until beyond the North Saskatchewan the moisture is great enough to support the dense growth of fir forest which clothes in a wide tlat arch the whole of the country below the sub-arctic circle. Therefore, through an almost unbroken belt, the Canadians have a territory which sliould support 40,000,000 of people. It has a varying depth of from 400 to 100 miles, and in all parts of it the climate has been proved to be most healthy. I II 1 1*1 20 DOMINION 0!F CANADA ' '' 1 Little was known of the Northern New World until a comparatively recent date, Within the memory of middle-afjed men, Chicago was the frontier post of civilization. Maps compiled by French geographera in the seventeenth century «ave up all the country west of Hudson Bay to an imaginary and indefinite ocec.n, Around this Englishmen placed " New South Wales " and " Ne%v Caledonia,'' while no one disputed that " New France " was all the St. Lawrence Valley. To be sure, the New Englanders did not like this, and were determined to alter it if possible, b-it they never succeeds in doing so. In maps of the time of William and Mary you will still see that everything to the north of the Gulf of California is marked as unknown. On the Pacific the ignorance of t'alifornia was so general until recent years that when in IHK) the first strong influx of Amerrcanu took place into that State, men in New York derided the folly of friends who proposed to settle in that " unprofitable wilderness I " The land which is far to the north of California, namely, British C()lunil)ia, is one of the best valued of the Canadian States. A I'ioneir Farm France has become too Parisian, or she might have colonies. But she loves the boulevard, hides even the street view with trees, and shuts uj) the end of the vista with a museum, or a monu- ment to national glory. She plants out her view of things at homo, and she does not plant herself abroad. This is a mistake. What she could do if she were not always turning to the looking-glass she showed in the sixteenth and tlie early part of the seventeenth centuries ! Then she sent lier people to subdue the earth. They began the work and have contimied it, but the mother country again took to the looking-glass, and in her contemplation of herself forgot her children. They did not at that time contribute to her iiiciiK^ phiisirn, which might occasion a fresh wrinkle, so they were coikjcciL But what gallant children they were who thus remained forsaken, yet fortunate [ The names of the first pioneers, soldiers and martyrs of New France will be as honored as are those of the early warriors and saints of the Frankish kingdom. fn 1837 the French Canadians, with reason, demanded a wider constitutional privilege than they possessed, and this was practically secured by the measures taken after the mission of Lord Durham. To Lord Elgin must be ascribed the credit of having in time of trial and provocation resisted the party which would have made him go back from the doctrine of ministerial responsibility. DOMINION OF CANADA 21 ite, Within the npti compiled by iidsou Bay to an ales " and " New lley. To be sure, b'lt they uuver that everything; the ignorauce of ux of Americana osed to settle in namely, Jjritish He faced a riotous mob in order to give Executive sanction to the measures of his Government, and from that day pure constitutional Government, and with it a freedom unknown elsewhere on the American continent, has found its home in Canada. From that time {,'reat works have been under- taken by a people recognizinf,' each year more and more tlie necessity and use of union. The Intercolonial Railway, bindiuf,' Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Quebec ; the Grand Trunk, travorsiufi a great part of tlie older portion of the country, and having its termini in the Ainerican cities of Portland and Chicago, with other lines, have been undertaken by the young nation. Immense labor has been bestowed on the creation and deepening of canals and river channels, Tha prosperity of the country and its vast undeveloped resources have combined to attract emigrants to an extent heretouire unknown. The numbers of the emigrants have risen of late from 40,000 per annum to 100,000 and l.'io.OOO. 10 boulevard, n, or a nionu- plant herself looking-glass she sent her ther country Tiiey (lid iikle. so they t fortunate t as are those ivilegc than ion of Lord provocation • liiinsibility. A IIomeMiiid luinii in Ontaiio The Dominion of Canada occupies tlie northern half of the continent of North America. It has a territory of about the extent of Europe, and larger than that of the United States without Alaska. The southern frontier of Manitoba and the North- West Territory, if extended across the Atlantic Ocean, would strike the continent of Europe a little below the latitude of Paris ; while the southern point of the Province of Ontario is as far south as the latitude of Rome. Canada is therefore the physical equivalent on the continent of America of the great empires and kingdoms of Italy, France, Belgium, Germany, Austria, the British Islands, Russia in Europe, and Sweden and Norway. This vast territory comprises an area in round numbers of .S.oOO.OOO square miles. From east to wesL it stretches from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and from the southern latitudes above stated to the Arctic circle. Very large portions of this great territory are cultivable ; and those portions not cultivable are rich in mineral wealth. The proportion of cultivable land in the Dominion, suited to the produc- tions of the temperate zones, ia quite as large as that in the United States. It possesses the largest 22 DOMINION OF CANADA extent of land yet open for settlement adapted to the growth of the graBses, cereals, and other productions of the temperate climates, not only on thecoi.nnent, but in the world. It has many thousands of sqnare miles of the finest forests on the continent, and many thousands of square miles of the most fertile prairie land. Its rivers and lakes form one of the most remarkable physical features of the continent. This water system furnishes important facilities for communication , and the course of the St. Lawrence is in the line of the shortest sailinj; circle across the Atlantic. The same favorable condition prevails on the west coast, from the terminus of the Pacific Railway acioss the Pacific Ocean to the markets of China, Japan, and also to Australia. Coupled with these important commercial conditions, there is the fact that the Canadian Pacific Railway crosses the continent on the shortest line through the fertile belt, and at the "gate" of the Rocky Mountains, crossing them on immensely more favorable conditions, both as respects grades and curves, than the line of railway which reaches the Pacific coast at San Francisco. Ontario Thoroughbred Sheep Farm As at present constituted, it is divided into seven Provinces, viz. : Nova Scotia, New Bruns- wick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba and Britisli Columbia, together with the vast extent of North-West Territory, out of which the Districts of Assiniboia, Alberta, Saskatche- wan, and Athabasca have been formed ; districts which will in the near future become great provinces of the Dominion, each having a territory as large as a European kingdom or empire. Canada has fisheries of almost boundless extent, both on its Atlantic and Pacific coasts, which are without equals on the continent, or, it is believed, in the world. It has coal fields of immense extent on both its Atlantic and Pacific coasts ; and there are. large deposits beneath the surface of its prairie lands east of the Rocky Mountains. It has also iron, gold, silver, copper, lead, and other mines of great richness, including petroleum and salt ; together with almost every description of stone and granite and other valuable building materials. It has great variety of climates, from the arctic to that of almost the most southern of the temperate zones. The climates of the settled portions of the Dominion, and of the lands open for I ,) DOMINION OF CANADA 28 ereals, aud other m lent, and many 3ontinent. This he St. Lawrence orable condition iflc Ocean to the ant commercial t on the shortest oBBing them on B line of railway settlement, are among the most pleasant and healthy in the world, and favorable to the highest development of human energy. The Dominion of Canada must therefore, from these facts, become in the not distant future the home of one of the most populous and powerful peoples of the earth, while to the European immigrant, of whatever nationality, it offers an inheritance rich in resources and fruitful in products. Can&da seems especially fitted to supply the United Kingdom with much of the farm produce that is necessary for her to import. The older Provinces export horses, beef, mutton, butter, cheese and fruits as their leading staples from the field and the garden, while Manitoba and the North-West export wheat and other grains. Large ranches have also been successfully established on the great grass lands at the base of the Rocky Mountains, and when these come into full play their products will be enormous. The cattle can be driven to the nearest railway stations, which are not more distant from the Atlantic sea-ports than are those railways in the United States, itisisiwssiite^^ ip i igM : •"■mfiii ^jiiiD^"''-.-ji";, ^■:K- a. New Bruns- ther with the ta, Saskatclie- bocome great I'uipire. coasts, which is of immense the surface of sad, and other iescription of luthern of the inds open for I'rogrcusUc FaniiiHg West and South-West, which now successfully bring cattle via Chicago to the Atlantic ports foi export to Great Britain. The general healthfulness of climate, and favorable conditinns for feeding all kinds of stock, which prevail in the older Provinces of Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, as ivell as in what may be called the new North-West, leave no room for doubt that Canada is capable of supplying the needs of the Mother Country as respects supplies of horses, cattli id-sheep. It is to be remarked, moreover, that since the beginning of this export trade, there have been marked improvements in stock, by the importation of Short-Horn, Polled Angus, Hereford and other varieties. The success which has attended various well-known establishments in the Dommion devoted to the rearing of thoroughbred stock, is sufficient guarantee of the profit- able nature of the enterprise, which is yet comparatively in its infancy. The soil of Canada may be said to be the aouroe of her greatest wealth and strength. Her forest lands, her smiling farms, and her rich and vast rolling prairies, make the attraction she offers for the agriculturist. i 24 DOMINION OF CANADA There may be more scientific farming in England and in Scotland than in Canada. English high farnierH would find in Canada much that they would consider very rough work ; but there are exceptions of highly cultiv^<-efl .'arms. In the Province of Ontario there is a School of Agricul- ture, connected with a model farm, at which scientific and practical agriculture is taught. There are also model farms in the Province of Quebec. The result is a marked improvement of late years in the style of farming in some parts of the country. But there is much to be done yet in this direction. In too many instances the land is merely scratched over ; and it speaks well for thu character of the soil and climate that under such adverse circumstances such excellent yields are obtained. It has been liitherto found that what we may call pioneer farming, that is, taking frf>m the soil in thr roughest and readiest manner what it will produce, is more profitable than higher farming with its more costly appliances of labor and fertilizers. But in the older portions of the country this state of things is beginning to change. The sufficient reason for its existence in the Inventim Oenius reaping her reward past has been that the land has been plentiful, cheap and virgin, while, on the other hand, labor has been dear. It was, therefore, natural lo take the moat from the land at the least cost of labor. Let a new-comer in Canada go into a farming district, and call at the first large, comfortable house he may meet with, surrounded with well-tilled fields, herds of sleek cattle, great barns and extensive stables, all showing evidence of prosperity. Upon asking the owner's experience, in nine cases out of ten the reply to this would be that he came from the Old Country fifteen, twenty or twenty-five years ago, with an empty pocket ; that in his early days he had to struggle with diffi- culties ; but found his labors rewarded by success, and ultimately crowned with independence. Paying no rent, and owning no master, he has educated and settled his children around him in equally favorable conditions with his own. This is not an isolated case ; it is the experience of hundreds d.id thousands of men. For the agricultural laborer who comes to Canada, the question is not simply what wages he may earn, but to what position of independence he can attain in the evening of his life ; in contrast to that possible goal in the Mother Country, if he should becoma unable to work with his accustomed vigor — the workhouse. ■ .... . . ■I 1 II ■151 DOMINION OF CANADA 26 mada. English svork ; but there ihool of Agricul- taught. There ent of late years done yet in thin iiks well for the silent yields are t is, taking frr>m ible than higher portions of the existence in the I The opening up and successful carrying on of the export of cattle trade with England has sensibly changed, in many cases, the character of the farming in Canada; and this is well, for farmers had begun to overcrop the soil, in so constantly producing cereals. In comparing Car ■•'a present standing as a stock-breeding country with her standing twenty years ago, we find thi her progress in this direction has been most remarkable. It it; barely twenty years since the first herd of Ihiglish thoroughbred short-horns was brought to Canada. Previous to that time very little attention had been paid to stock raising. In many instances cattle were allowed to look after tliemselves, and for market purposes they added but little to the settler's income. It was the opinion of many persons in those days that stock-breeding could never be successfully carried on in Canada. The experience of the last few years shows that that opinion and, labor has of labor. ;e, comfortable eat barns and •ionce, in nine I'M, twenty or gle with diffi- iiidopendence. ound him in experience of , the question attain in the hould become /( / ^( // S7ocA I at in was an error. Though tlie number of farmers who have ventured on the experiment of stock-breed- ing, on a large scale, is not great, the test has been most thorough and complete in both Ontario and Quebec, and part of the Maritime Provinces, and the result satisfactory. It may now be .stated with confidence that the collection of cattle at the great stock-breeding farms of Canada is among the most valuable in the world. It is made up of the very best blood of the bovine aristocracy of England. Not many years ago there weie no pure herds in the country, except the small species of cow in the French part of Lower Canada, which were brought in chiefly from Bi"etagne, and possess the milking characteristics of the Alderneys. To-day, there are in Canada many herds of the best English breeds, with a pure and unbroken record extending back many generations. It is a fact, established beyond all doubt, that the famous short-horns of England not only do well in Canada, but that the character of the stock actually improves in the new country. In not a few instances the offspring of stock tuken out from England has been carried over to the mother country and sold at high prices. At a recent sale in England a three-year-old bull which brought l-AIVu^Z^ i li ! Ill' h h\ ■ III 26 DOMINION OF CANADA the extraordinary price of three thousand six hundred guineas was. of Canadian breed. The herds to bo seen at the Provincial and other Exliibitions are the wonder and admiration of experienced Englisli stockmasters. The growing of fruit, as well for home consumption as for exportation, is a very important industry in Canada, and one which excites the wonder of many new-comers. People who have been accustomed to think of Canada — as described in the words of the French king before the cession — as " tt few acres of snow," are at first incredulous as to the extent and excellence of the fruits pro- duced in a country which has the summer skies of Italy and France. There are vineyards in the Province of Ontario of fifty or sixty acres in extent ; peach orchards of 8ir)iilar extent ; and apple orchards almost innumerable. Durham and Thorotiyhhreil Stock Farm Wine of excellent quality is now largly manufactured from the grapes, and this fruit is so cheap as to be within the everyday reach of the poorest. It may be mentioned that in the county of Essex, on the shores of Lake Erie, the vine is very largely grown for the purpose of wine-making, and both the growing of the vines and the making of the wines are systematically carried on by French viticulturists, by French methods and processes, with very great success. Frenchmen engaged in this work have declared the conditions for growing the vine are more favorable in Essex than in the east of France, while the wine which is made is of a superior quality. The great wealth of Canada in fruits is a fact which is not only interesting to the intending settler as an industry, but as a climatic fact, the counti'y in this particular being much before the United Kingdom. The apples of Canada are especially very highly prized, and find their way in very large quantities to the markets of the United Kingdom; and it may be mentioned here that at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia the Americans honestly admitted themselves to have been fairly beaten by this Canadian product. A New York illustrated paper, on that occasion, stated that the finest show of fruits at that great Exhibition was " made by the Fruit-growers' Association of Ontario, Canada." CI n t' ii 1 Jed. The herds n of experienced very important le who Imve been )re the ceeBion — )f the fruits pro- 'ineyards in tlio tent ; and apple DOMINION OF CANADA ST It is to be observed that the areas of the great waters, snch as the great lakes and rivers of tha Opper Provinces and the St. Lawrence, the bays and inlets of the Lower Provinces, as nearly as they can be estimated from measurement on the maps, would be about 140,000 square miles, which, added to the areas taken from tlie census districts, would give a total of over 3,610,000 square miles. The area of the whole of the continent of Europe is 3,900,000 square miles ; the area of the United States, exclusive of Alaska, is 2,933, /iSS square miles — that of Alaska is 577,390 squar« miles — combined making 3,510,978 miles. Thus the Dominion is nearly six hundred thousand square miles larger than the United States without Alaska, and nearly eighteen thousand squars miles larger than both combined. The total population of the Dominion by the census of 1881 was 4,324,810, against 3,687,024, as shown by the census of 1871. The increase in the old Provinces during the decenniad is over 18 per uit is so cheap the county of wine-making, carried on by hmen engaged Essex than in 3at wealth of industry, but )m. in very large '6 that at tha to have been :asion, stated Association Lincoln County Grapery cent. The increase for the same Provinces in 1871 over 1861 was over 12 percent. The number of males in 1881 was 2,188,854 ; that of the females 2,13.'j,95t) ; there being a preponderance of more tlian j')0,000 males over the females in the Dominion. This has probably arisen from the excess in immigration of males over females. Of this population, 478,235 were born in the Rritish Isles and Possessions; 101,047 in Prince Edward Island ; 420,088 in Nova Scotia ; 288,2()5 in New Brunswick ; 1,327,809 in Quebec ; 1,467,- 988 in Ontario ; 19,590 in Manitoba; 32,276 in British Columbia ; .58,430 in the Canadian North- West Territories ; 77,753 in the United States ; and 53,3.30 in other countries. Ontario is the most populous and wealthy province of the Dominion of Canada, and its growth has been exceedingly rapid. The area within its old limits, as taken from the census districts, is 101,733 square miles ; but if we compute this area from simple measurement of the map, including rivers and lakes, its extent would be increased by about 20,000 square miles. It is further to be stated that the territory recently in dispute has been declared to belong to Ontario by a decision of the T 4 III i 28 DOMINION OF CANADA Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, and this adds about 80,000 square miles to the Province, making altogether a total of about '200,000 square miles. The Provinceof Ontario reaches the most southern point of the Dominion, namely, to the latitude of Rome in Italy ; iind being in a large measure surrounded by the Great Lakes of the Contine:it of North Aniorica, itn climate is much modifled by their intluenco. The principal source of its wealth is agriculture, and it may bo said to take the load in tlie farming operations of the Dominion. The number of acres of land surveyed in tliis Province is about 31,000,000, and the number of acres already granted and sold is about '22,000,000. The population of Ontario is 1,9'23,2'28, as shown by the census of IHSl ; and, as already stated, agriculture forms the principal occupation of the in- habitants, although lumbering ir the rich forestH, mining in the bountiful di'iioMits, commerce, and Ontario Ajiplc Orchard seafaring occupations on the Great Lakes, attract a portion of the labor of the energetic people of the Province. Toronto, the seat of the Provincial Government, had a population of 86,415 by the census of 1881 ; but it appears from a municipal census recently taken, its population is 10"2,27fi; it is a city of which any country might be proud, and it is very rapidly continuing to grow, both in wealth and population. This fair city, stretching along the blue waters of Lake Ontario, is not the largest city in our young Dominion, but even her more populous rival does not deny that she is the fairest and the most full of promise ; and by conmion consent she is known all Canada over as " the Queen City of the West." Her progress has not been a slow and dreary pace ; for her veins are full of vitality, and her heart fired with ambition. Bome of the most enterprising spirits in Canada are ranked among her citizenship, and she counts among her business houses some of the greatest and most important trade institutions in the country. In all those factors that go to make a community DOMINION OF CANADA 21> to the Province, y, to the latitude tlie Continent of rce of its wealth Dominion. The lumber of acre» !'2H, as shown hy ation of the in- , commerce, and jetic people of the census of Id ; it ia a city in wealth and 38t city in our lirest and the ^ueen City of ill of vitality, a are ranked iest and most communitv prosperous and worthy, she will be found well supplied. No poisonous [slums exist within her limits to harbor jiestilence ; her streets no longer lie under their old reproach, for many of them are paved and cleanly. Societies with every description of benevolent, moral and elevatiiif? aim are busy among her citizens ; her educational system is perfect as the a«e can give, and education has become the property of one and all. In art, too, she has muoh to show ; and her late festival of choruses promises that in music she is destined to win a world-wide fame. The power of the pulpit in Toronto is great ; and she emphatically is a church-going city. In walking her thoroughfares you find no empty houses ; new buildings are being reared, and not in pairs but frequently in whole streets. Consolidation and unification are going on by the incorporation, with the Queen (!ity herself, of those thriving suburbs that girdle her loins with clusters of little communities, industrious, ambitious and intelligent. A regular steam-ferry service is established during the suinnier between the city and the Humber regions, or you may go by rail as well. Through the munificent generosity of Mr. How- ard, the city now owns a beautiful stretch of woodland, interspersed with steep hills and deep gulches, known as High Park. To the numerous retreats of shade and picturesqueness which these grounds afford our city folk resort in hundreds. Here you see a " select " picnic party, presided over by some dignified, yet winsome, chaperon ; a little way distant is a church or Sunday-school picnic, the youths and lasses regaling themselves in enjoyable and healthful exercises. All the woods, hills and hollows are full of life, health, beauty and gladness. Residents have at last discovered that Qven the broiling midsummer days may be spent with delight and comfort without leaving the environ- ments of the city, for fronting their very doors lies the Island, cool and delicious, when the clank of the machinery wheels is stilled and the day's work is done. This Island has been shamefully neglected in the past, but one is glad to note that certain steps have been decided upon to save this valuable piece of land from further destruction by water during stortas. But even as it stands, it is a most salubrious and inviting spot for those tired in arm or brain. All day long, ferries, launches of various sizes and sail craft, fron\ the tiny skiff* to the more taut and stately yacht, ply between the city and the Island, and one finds in the late summer, midway on the bay, a stream of yellow, golden and brown butterflies on their way from J^i HO DOMINION OF CANADA the wider fields of the mainland to the rare clover- blooniH, the few and vivid flowers, that brigliten the face of the warm sand. Durint{ the evenings frecjuenters may sometimes be numbered by the thonaand, enjoying the numerous pastimes that the purveyors of amusements liave provided. The inerry-go-round, with its freight of riders — comprising pretty lasses, with healthful cheeks and Hunny eyes, and lads who sit vin-a-viii to catch the cocjuettish smiles or mischievous glances of the girls— never ceases its revolutions save to take a batch of new-comers. The swish and rumble of the roller-coaster, as it takes its passengers up the steep as well as down, are pleasant sounds ; and to tli<3He is added the incessant crack of rifles, from the practice in the shooting galleries. Those who care to see the entire surroundings brought together in picturesque tuut eiiin'mole, may enter the camera obscura, or wizard's dark chamber. Fringing a considorablo portion of the Island coast Hotel Hanlan and Island Pleasure Resort, Toronto is a range of tasty cottages, cool and pleasant, and fronting the green, or green and blue, waters of Lake Ontario. For the greater part the color combinations of these cottages are very happy. India red upon the roof harmonizes well with the rich Nile-green of the sides. Along the sands it is cool, and the color close to the water Ime is dun pink, or as the ladies phrase it, " ashes of roses." Re- freshment houses, cleanly and sumptuously kept, abound ; and all the luxuries or delicacies that you iind in the city you can purchase there. No tourist should leave Toronto without spending an evening at the Island. The railway, unfortunately, runs along the lake, prevnnting any pleasant " Strand " Street, and spoiling, as it does at Genoa, the access to the shore. Here, as at Kingston, the French were first in the land, and the place is mentioned in old reports of skirmishes with Indians and English. Yet there are men now alive who are old enough to remember hearing when the first buggy was driven through the streets, which are now broad, well paved, and lined with houses, giving evidence of all the prosperity of a pushing and thriving commerce. Toronto had its troubles and excitements during the American War ; and not far off, across the water, the battle of Queenston Heights gav« DOMINION OK CANADA 31 'B, that brighten umbered by the provided. The iful cheeks and 8 (glances of the :i and rumblo of nt sounds ; and Eilleries. Those niulf, may enter ihe Island coast '^f.^'^^g^^ lue, waters of lappy. India .nds it is cool, roses." Ee- lelicacies that ; spending an " Street, and ich were first Inglish. Yet st buggy was ving evidence i excitements Heights gave Brock, the British General, a grave, and the regular and provincial troops a well-earned victory over «n enemy strongly posted, • A less agreeable reminiscence is the indecisive fight between a greatly superior body of FenianR and a Toronto battalion in 186() near the Welland Canal, when both sides, after firing much, Otii/ooUe Hull, Toronto retreated — the Fenians to Fort Erie, the Toronto men towards the canal. The object of the Canadian attack was attained, for the cutting of the canal, wliicli was the object of the invaders, was frustrated. Several gallant youths belonging to the University were killed, and a monument in the pleasant and shady park attracts the respect of the citizens for those who were foremost in giving evidence at that time of the patriotic spirit which animated all Canadians. Osgoode Hall, where are the Law Courts, is a fine building, worthy of the learned Bar which meets there, and of the ability of the judges who preside over the Provincial Courts. It was named after the first Chief Justice of Upper Canada, and is memorable for an imposing ceremony in which Mr. Blake, the leader of the present Opposition in the Federal Parliament, and one of the ablest lawyers in the Dominion, welcomed in an impressive speech the American Secretary of State, Mr. Evarts. That remarkable statesman and orator de- livered to the assembled company in the library a most eloquent reply, dwelling on the part taken by the ex- ponents of law in the affairs of nations, and emphasizing his hearty desire — a desire for which Mr. Evarts, through his high official position, was able often effectively to labor — for the continued harmony and good understand- ing between the United States and the British Empire. This reception was one of the historic events which will live in the memory of the men of Toronto, where politics are as eagerly pursued as are the material gains of trade, and where neither the one nor the other is able to' efface a love for letters, learning, the arts and the , , . , ^, S'r John A. Macdoiiald, K.C.B. sciences. When the University is visited"the Observa- Premier of Canada 82 DOMINION OF CANADA I! n tory of tliii I''u(lural (lovortimoiit for Me- teorolo^'y hIioiiIJ not bo noulectod, for from Huch liuaclquarterB come the "storm warn- iiiKH" which ho wholiHomoly nffri^lit our sailorH, kuepiiiu thoin to safe portn, and ^ivin^ tlioin warning' of tonipuHt. Dr. (larp- mael is at tlie head of this OBtabliHhinent, and it iH the only one wliicli in very well |)ro"i(led witli inHtrnnioiitH and hoimo Hpaco, K'inn l>ettor even tlian that at WaHJiinnton in tliiH reitpect. Dr. Daniel Wilson, the author of many learned and excellently- written works, Bucli aH "Old Kdinhurnh " and " rriiniival Man," iind Dr. Ilntton, with nianV' able men, are ProfeHsors of Toronto University, a seat of learning' daily Ltrowiuj,' in popular favor, and dcHtincd to )e the metropolitan University of Ontario. The buildinf^H are Hom\, hut will need en- lartjemeut, if we may jud^e from the over- increasiiiK number of students. There are ir. //. Ilowlaml, Esq., Mayor of Toronto coUoKes affiliated to the University, and Kin({'s College, Trinity and others attest the powers the denominations poss.ss in attracting to special establishments the sons of those who fear to embark their offspring on the unshepherdod fields of University life favored by tli(( Scottish and continental systems. The Ilorticulturi'l (lardens, whicli comprise a handsome gothic structure, the scene of many a musical festival, and where nuiny a prima donna has displayed her vocal powers, form one of the I'liivirniti/ of I'oronto chief attractions of the Queen City. The grounds around are tastefully laid out, and in spring and summer fill the air with the rich perfume of their variegated flowers and plants, while a handsome fountain in the centre of the grounds lends additional grace with its shining spray to the surround- ing scene. p<, mi DOMINION OF CANADA 88 •nmoiit for Me- [lectcil, for frcin p " Btortn warn- )ly affriKht our mfo portH, and poHt. Dr. (!nrp. OMtabliHliineiit, licit is very well Aid liouHo Hpacu, at W'iHliin>,'ton rl WilBoii, the 11(1 oxceiloiitly- Id Kdiiibiir^h " 1 Dr. Hiitton, ! I'rofcHHorH of f leiiriiiii>{ daily lid dcHtined to jity of OiUrtvio. will need en- froiii the over- itH. There are fiiiverHity, and I attractiiif^ to unshoplierded eiio of many a )rni Olio of tho Toronto may well bo called the riidiatiiiK point of the whole of tho western and north-woBtern portioimof the Dominion ; but «r(« pnrHiiin^an onward (unirHc, atripacroHH Ijako Ontario to Niagara must firtit bu taken. The diMtaiicu acroHH ih Homu thirty milou ; a well apixjintod Bteaiiior making two trips daily in the Heauon of lake navi((ation.^ in spring and e a handsome the surround- ( III/ oj St. ( 'fittKinii'x Niagara Falln iH one of tlie mighty wonderH of this world ; a temple not made by hands.jTIts vast grandeur is bi^yoiid the power of description, and the pen of criticism is completely paralyzed. There is something so intensely sacred in llic place that, as you approach it for the flrst time, yon feel as though you were treading on the confines of sonie great unrevealed secret — that you were about to face the Majesty of God in nature, " An nxsenihly Huch as earth • Siiw iii'vor, such iiH Hi'Bvcu Htnopn ry of General ;,aname famous- ! wars for inde nee, "e.nilton is an- remarkable in- i of tlie growth anadian city. It. id out as recent- le year 1813, and nv a population )ut 40,000. As of its rapid de- mt and I'n- the popula- tween the years md 1857, rose 0,000 to 25,000. le centre of the ■ade of Canada, estimated that ominion pro- ver five million of wool per hree-fourths of jasses through dsof theHam- lol staplers and The neigh - IS also re- le for its agri- and dairy pro- t the land had ipearance that further aug- mented by the similarity in the names of villages, towns and cities, there is much to be seen which is peculiar to this new world, and which we cannot get in the old world. Between Hamilton and the western limit of the Province of Ontario, a number of thriving oities andtownp are passed, all indicative of that progressive spirit of enterprise which so chbrac- terises the western settler : The growing town of Gait ; the Royal City of Guelph, founded on St. Ontario Agrictdtural College, Ouclph George's Day, and so named in honor of the Royal family, a great stock-raising centre and the seat of the Ontario Agricultural College, a Government Institution, wiiose eilft)rts in the cause of agriculture are most praiseworthy ; Berlin, the centre of an industrious settlement from the Fatherland ; Brantford, so called after the great Mohawk chief, .Joseijh Brant, who, in the troublous times in which he lived, was the staunch and worthy friend and ally of the British, here too is a celebrated seminary for the education of young ladies, known as the Brantford Ladies' College ; Paris, so designated from its contiguity to beds of gypsum or plaster of Paris ; Wood- stock,.the county seat of Oxford, a triving trade centre ; Ingerso'.l, noted for its manufacture of cheese— all in turn are passed by. London, the metropolis of Western Ontario, like the illustrious city from which it takes it name, is situated in the County of Middlesex, iind on the banks of the River Thames. This 18 one of the pleasing features one meets with jn Canada. The emigrant, when seeking a new home in the far off we'st, takes with him, as far as he can, the #ountry of his birth, and he gives to the new home the familiar name of the old home, and surrounds it by such circumstances as bring most readily old country thoughts, ideas and associations. This city was incor- porated in 1856, and now has a population of some 30,000, forming a busy hive of industry and enterprise, while she occupies special pre- eminence as an educational centre from the fact of its being the scat of the renowned Western University, as well as having a widely celebrated institution for the education of . ; . j. j. Daly, Esq., Ouelph 0^1: 66 DOMINION OF CA ,ADA I H i m m young ladies in Hellmuth College, one of the most noted establishments of its kind on the American continent. Southward of London is St. Thomas, which, since the construction of the railways, has made a phenomenal rapid progress, unsurpassed by any Canadian city. It was incorporated as a city in 1881, is an important railway centre, while the extensive workshops of the M. C. E. E.i which give employment to a largo number of hands, are located here. The Alma Ladies' College of this place is a noted scholastic institution. . - In the western portion of the Province we come on the rock oil or petroleum district ; a district to vhich, more or less, nearly every cottage home in England is now indebted for its artificial light. The rock oil, or petroleum, is one of the most remarkable and peculiar natural products of Canada. By some authorities it is claimed that the oil-bearing limestone extends over an area of seven C'iti/ of Brant/ord thousand ^square miTes. It is certain that the area must be an extensive one, otherwise the enor- mous yield of oil could not be obtained. The oil exists in the cavities of the limestone rock, which are of marine origin. The amount of oil given out by some of the wells is simply enormous, a single one having been known to give over thirty thousand barrels, or one million ten hiuidred thousand gallons, of oil in the course of twelve months. '' . What the future of Canada may be no man can faintly imagine. That it will meet with checks and obstaclec in the progress of its development, all must expect and be prepared for. Bjit the country, as in tlie case of the opposition to the Canadian Pacific Railway, will rise superior to such obstacles, and find itself all the stronger becaiise they have been met. Pracj)ically boundless in extent, and with a range of temperature and climate of the widest diversity, it is a world within itself, the glory of which may be only rising when that of many an old world dynasty is fading away. That such a country should have remained practically unknown to other parts of the habitable globe for so long, that up to even the present.time millions upon millions of square miles of country should still remain unsurveyed, and notwithstanding that although every nation and every tongue has been helping to give it a population, the Anglo-Saxon language ts everywhere spoken, would seem to make all that can be seen or heard about it of deep and special interest to the inhabitants of Great Britain, to whom this greater Britain offers an ever open field, rich in enterprise and resources, in which the descendants of both will be called upon to take a part, the like of which the old world in all its history has never dreamt of. It is a common belief among the Americans, a belief which is shared in by a few anne.xa- tionists, that increaoe of population, productiveness of soil and the general advance 'of civilization are very much greater in the several States of the Union than in Canada. Nothing can be farther from the truth. Upi)er Canada, especially, has quite outstripped even the most prosperous of all the original States of the Union. A comparison uf the statistics of the two counties shows this to lie undoubtedly the case. And with respect to the productions of the two countries, there is found the same proportion in favor o* Canada. So also with regard to vessels, in comparison to popu- lation the tonnage of (Janada more, than oqualb that of the United States. mmt DOMINION OF CANADA ts kind on the (vaya, has made corporated as a the M. C. E. R.v Ladies' College iot ; a district to artificial light. ucts of Canada. 1 area of seven GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. erwise the enor- one rock, which ly enormous, a )n ten hundred leet with checks I for. But the njperior to such y boundless in a world within ^nasty is fading jr parts of the square miles of ation and every ywhere spoken, interest to the 1 held, rich in ;ake a part, the ' a few annexa- e'of civilization can be farther osperouB of all B shows this to , there is found arisen to popu- I HISTORICAL REVIEW, M AN AG E MENT, E TC . Among the officials who have been prominently connected with the Grand Trunk Railway smce 1861 is Mr. Joseph Hickson, the General Manager. He was born at Otterburn, Northuniber- land, England, in 1830, and entered the service of the present Northeastern Railway Co. when a boy, and by his industry and care worked his way up to the principal agency at Carlisle, and eventually became assistant to the General Manager of the M., S. & L. Ry., at Manchester, which position he left in 1861 to come to Canada, having been appointed Chief Accountant of the Grand Trunk Railway. He afterwards became Secretai'y and Treasurer, and in 1874, in consequence of his great executive ability, he obtained the position of General Manager. When Mr. Hickson assumed the management, the total amount of the mileage operated was 1,383 miles, which has grown d'.ring the last decade to 2,918 miles. The following are the principal statistical and financial details of the Grand Trunk Railway : Lines of Road — Portland, Me., to Detroit, Mich., 861 miles ; Niagara Falls, Ont., to Windsor, Ont., 220..50 ; Fort Erie, Ont., to Gienooe, Ont., 146 ; total length of all lines December 31st, 1884, 2950.9 miles. On August 12th, 1882, the Grand Trunk Railway Co. and the Great Western Railway Co. were consolidated under the name of the former. The Grand Trunk Railway Co. was originally char- tered in 18.51. Opened from Portland to Montreal in 1853 and from Richmond to Quebec in 1854. The division from Montreal to Toronto was completed in 1856, and that from Toronto to Sarnia in 1858. The line from Montreal south to the province line was brought into use in 1853. The Eastern Extension was opened from Chaudiere Junction to St. Thomas in 1855 ; to St. Paschal in 1859 ; and to the Riviere du Loup in 1860. In 1879 the extension to the Riviere du Loup (124.25 miles) was sold to the Colonial Government, and the transfer made August 12th, 1879. In the same year the Grand Trunk Railway Co. acquired by purchase and construction a line between Port Huron, Mich., and Chicago, 111., about 8 id miles in length. This line comprises the old Chicago and Lake Huron R. R. (including the Chicago and Northeastern), 281 miles ; the Chicago and Southern R. R., 20.50 miles ; and new construction, 28.50 miles. For this acquisition and other purposes the Com pany issued first mortgage six per cent, twenty-year bonds to the extent of £1,240,000. The whole line was opened February 8th, 1880. The Company has also by subsequent agreements obtained control of the Port Dover and Lake Huron (63 miles) ; the Stratford and Huron (27.50 miles) ; the Montreal and Champlain (23.50 miles) ; the Michigan Air-Line (36 miles) ; the Grand Trunk Georgian Bay and Lake Erie (91 miles) ; and the Montreal and Champlain Junction (6.50 miles) The Great Western Railway Company was chartered March 29th, 1845, and the several addi tional lines as follows: Gait and Guelph, February 9th, 1852; Hamilton and Toronto Ry. Co. November 10th, 1852; the Sarnia Ry. Co., April 26th, 1853 ; the Canada Air-Line (Glencoe Loop) Ry. Co., December 24tli, 1869 ; the Alhinburg Branch Ry. Co., May 26th, 1874. Themain line was completed January 27tli, 1854 ; the Hamilton and Toronto Railway was completed December 3rd, and the Sarnia, December 27th, 1858. The branch to Gait was opened August 21st, 1854, and was extended to Guelph September 28th, 1857. It was operated under lease until January Slst, 1S79. The Air-Lme (Glencoe Loop) was opened in 1873, and the Allanburg Branch, which connects it through the Welland Railway with tlie Suspension Bridge, in 1875. By the terms of the consolidation, the United Company assumed all the resources and liabilities of the two companies, the capital consisting of two classes, viz., the Grand Trunk capital and the T & DOMINION OF CANADA Great WeHterii capital. Any increaHo of capital mar> Ordinti; y Stock : 20,157,670 Total Share Capital Loan Ca))ital, Terminal Bonds Grand Trunk — ."> per cent. Debenture Stock i;4,270,575 4 " " " 2,002,tM7 Great Western — 5 per cent. Debenture Stock 2,773,900 Tota Debenture Stock Advances from Cansulian Government in Aid of tlio Construction of the Line £38,0!)!, 4fi9 1,472,700 0,047,132 3,111,500 £51,722,801 Total Capital The first charf,'es on the Eevenuo of the Company after the payment of workin,490,.328 11,194,299 I TOTAL. AMOUNT. »17,482,fl41 10.621, 81H 14,784,641 1 0,923,014 In the year 1883, dividends were paid on all classes of securities, excepting the ordinary stock, but in 1884 not on second or third preference stock, and in 1885 the ruinous competitions between the Uiiited States, the depressed condition of trade and the small-po.x epidemic so prostrated the business of the Company that it failed to yield sufficient coin to pay its debenture interest in full, but the above figures show better results for the year just closed. The claim of the Dominion of Canada against the (/ompany, represented by £3,111,500, ." Canadian Government Advances," will rank after the ordinary stock of the United Company as now authorized. To work this large mileage there is u staff of 20,000 men directly employed, and it is probable that there are indii'cetly dependent on the earnings of these employees a number of souls equal to one-fiftieth of the entire popidation of the Dominion. The influence that can be exercised by one controlling this staff, and expending about fifteen million dollars a year throughout the Dominion, must be very great. Mr. Hickson, however, has always pursued a neutral course, both as regards politics and municipal affairs ; and having the control of such large interests will no doubt watch and endeavor to thwart attacks made upon tho Gnuid Trunk Railway and those he is employed (o •mm DOMINION OF CANADA 8 onsist of seventy V'esteni Railway te of seventy per thirty per cent. o pay dividends ion, tlie amount paid the Grand XH8,01I1.U;!I 1,472,700 ir> h )() , 9,047,132 3,iil,r,oo £r)l,722,801 ng expenses are ,000 per annum. lirst-chiss, 3it'J ; 11,824; cattlf, TOTAL. AMOUNT. »17,4H2,941 Iti.O-Jl.HlM 14,7H4,()41 10,923,014 ordinary stock, titiona between prostrated the interest in full, by £3,111,500, jd Company as 1 it is probable souls equal to erciaed by one tlid Dominion, (ith as regards o doubt watch is employed 1o protect. Until Mr. Hickson's idea ot havin<{ a western outlet at Chicago and building toward Toledo was carried out, the Grand Trunk was greatly dependent on American lines at Detroit ; his aim, while serving tlie interests of the Company which he mana^'es, has always been tinged with patriotism, by carrying as much American traffic between the East and West through the longest distance possible in Canada. Before the fusion, the Great Western Railway, like the Canada Southern to-day, was used as a means of doing the opposite. The absorption of the Canada South Jofop/t Jlich'nuiL, Esq., (icmral Mainiyir Griind Tranl: Rdihcitji em by the Michigan Central would have stripped tlie Great Western Railway as an independent concern of its through traffic, and in a year when there was a deficient Canadian harvest it would have left it a verj- poor business ; but Mr. Hickson's policy utilizes it, as indicated above, and benefits Canada from Halifax to Windsor, and makes three lines of railways between the same places ill Ontario under one control. Previous to IVfr. Hickson's management, the Grand Trunk earned no dividends— a fact which is generally unknown. The General Manager has an abiding faith in the great resources of tho Dorahiion and has earned the respect and esteem of the staffs of DOMINION OF CANADA the companies of which he is the head, and of the ofiticers of the other lines, and also the thanks of the general iniblic. He has done hie utmost to improve the breed of cattle and horses, by importing improved stock from England, and has taken a great interest in agricultural and industrial exhibi- tions, and his presidency of the Winter Carnival Committee shows that even with his active life he can sympathize and mingle with the sports and pleasures of the young people of the Dominion. On his last visit to England Mr. Hickson was presented with a valuable testimonial of silver plate by the Board of Directors of the Grand Trunk Railway, to show their appreciation of his valuable services. In 1809 Mr. Hickson married Miss Dow, and has a family of three sons and two daughters. Mr. Hickson is a self-made, honorable man, who works imtiringly for the interests of the Grand Trunk Railway and the public, and is in every respect one of the most popular public men in the Dominion. GENEUAii Offices of the Grand Trunk Railway Company. — Montreal, Canada ; London Office, Dashwood House, New Broad Street, London, Eng. DiBECTOBs. — 'iir Henry W. Tyler (President), Sir Charles Lawrence Young, Bart. (Vice- President), Lord Claud John Hamilton, M. P., Robert Young, Esq., Robert Gillespie, Esq., William Unwin Heygate, Esq., James Charles, Esq., John Mamham, P'sq., Major Alexander George Dickson, M. P., London, Eng. ; Hon. James Ferrier, Montreal, Canada. Auditors. — Harry Chubb, Esq., London, England ; Thuuias Adams, Esq., London, England ; William M. Ramsay, Esq., Montreal ; Thomas Davidson, Esq., Montreal Officials of the System. — Hkad-Quartebs, Montreal. General Manager Joseph Hickson Accountant H. W. Walker Traffic " L. J. Seargeant; General Freight Agent T. Tandy Assistant " Wm. Wainwright General Passenger Agent Wm. Edgar Treasurer Robert Wright General Store-Keeper John Taylor Traffic Auditor T. B. Hawson Stationery Agent H. K. Ritchfe Divisional Okficeks. Superintendents 'I'kaffic DEi'AUTMENT.-East of Toronto, Midlund Divisio*- ortliprn Division, West of Toronto, James Steplienson ; Houtliorn Division, Wpst of Toronto, Charles Sti: .Vlichigun Division, Port Huron to Detroit, Michigan Air-Line, W. .1. Spicer, in charge, A. H. Atwater. Mei'iianical Sui'Ekintendenth. -Grand Trunk and Midland Divisions, Herbert Wallis; Great Western Division, C. K. Doniville; Michigan Division, Herbert Roberts, Detroit. Chief Engineers Track Department.— Grnnd Trunk Division, E. P. Hnnnnford ; Great Western Division, Joseph Hobson ; Midland Division, J. G. Macklin (Engineer) ; Michigan Division, George Masson (Engineer). Freight DErAUTMEXT.— Througli Traffic General Freight Agent (Western District), J. W. Loud, • Detroit. Di.sTRlCT General Freight A(ii:NT8. — Montreal to Toronto and Midland Division, Arthur A\niite, Toronto; East of Montreal, Andrew Hums, Montreal ; West of Toronto, John Karls, Toronto; Michigan, John Main, A.'^sistant, Detroit. r- Unitei) Stati:s AtiENCiES. E. I'. Rcnch, General Agent, New York ; F. A. Howe, Freight Agent, Chicago, 111.; W. Uobinson, I'assenger Agent, Detroit, Mich.; W. ('. Tallnian. New England Passenger Agent, Boston, Ma.ss. ; G. H. Peters, Freight Agent, Hoston, Moss. ; G. B. Oswell, Passenger Agent, Ogdens- burg, N. Y. ; T. D. Sheridan, Poasenger Agent, Huffalo, N. Y. CITY OF LONDON riiwrirn- > the thanks of , by importing ustrial exhibi- 8 active life }ie ihe Dominion, of silver plate Df hia valuable sons and two he interests of popular public .ondon Office, , Bart. (Vice- Uespie, Esq., jor Alexander on, England; I. W. Walker . ..T. Tandy . . Wm. Edgar .John Tavlor H. K. Ritchfe [lipni Division, igan Division, [J real \Vestern Ireal Western icorgo Mnsson .1. W. LoHcl, Irtbur Wliite, |o ; Michigan, height Agent, fid PassengiT L'cnt, O^tif n»- !■'. ; W JMI ^"''■y^ ■;?■., - ., !•■ Bird's-eye View of the City of jMndon THE CITY OF LONDON. There exists as one characteristic of the nineteenth century an earnest desire on the part of many to recall, and in mind to live over, the days and years tnat are past ; to search among the faded records of cise form the many changes that have taken place since those primitive times, and further to afford a short but reliable history of the city, from whence and through which the march of western progress has advanced on its onward course. It is not often that the idea of forming a city at some particular point is planned and carried out successfully. The majority of towns in the western portion of this Dominion owe their origin to the enter- prise of some far-seeing, level-headed settler, and their development in most instances to their favorable location in regard to the great natural channels of travel, or to such artificial assistance as railways or -canals. The city of London is, however, a notable exception. The idea of founding a city at the forks of the River Thames was deliberately planned by thejfirst Governor of Upper Canada, long before the march of advancing civilization had trod these solitudes. 4 CITY OF LONDON Governor Simcoe was very enlhusiastic over the future city, and prognosticated for it, in 1793, that il would become the capital uf nil Canada. Although such is not the case, it has become, through the energy and enterprise of its citizens, its geographical location, and other natural advantages, the commercial metropolis of oneofthe wealthiest portions of this Pro- vince, and an import- ant manu- facturing centre. To particular- ize some of the chief events i n connection with the growth of what is now the city of London, it may be re- corded, that in 1826 a survey of the present s i I e was made by Col. M. Bur- well, who was em- ployed for that pur- pose by the Governm't. For the trifling pay- ment of $30 and the er- ection of a small house actual set- tlers were given a loi. Col. Tho- mas Talbot being ap- ])ointed to superintend the location of new comers. The growth of the settlement, owing to the difficulty of access, was slow, despite the ""act that in 1827, by Act of Parliament, London was constituted the capital of the western district. In the same year the first Court-house was built, and is now the sole structure remaining in London erected in U in 1793, that it Dme, through the IS, the commercial metropolis of oneofthe wealthiest portions of this Pro- vince, and an import- ant manu- facturing centre. To particular- ize some of the chie'f events i n connection with the growth of what is now the city of :< London, it may be re- 5 corded, that i ill 1826 a ■i^ s u r V e y of t the present ^ s i I e was ■^ made by 1 Col.M.Bur- ■? well, who ^ was e m - ployed for that pur- pose by the Governm't. For the trifling pay- ment of $30 and the er- ection of a small house actual set- tlers were given a lo>. Col. Tho- mas Talbot being ap- pointed t o superintend the location , despite the ^act istrict. In the indon erected in Wrstrrii I'liircrsiti/, London During the first years of its existence the future city was nothing better than a straggling village. Mr. (afterwards the Honorable) George J. Goodhue was the first merchant in the county of Middlesex, he hiiving kept a store and carried on a distilling business in Westminster for some years previous to the first settlement of the city, the late Police Magistrate, Mr. Lawrence Lawrason having been a partner of his. The first postmaster was Major Schofield, and the mail was a weekly one. In 1831 the population was not in excess of two hundred, but from that d.nte the village rapidly grew, though in the following year its growth received a severe check through the dire ravages of cholera, which almost depopulated the place, its terror-stricken inhabitants flying in all directions. However, in 1835 London had become a place of some importance, and numbered a thousand souls. It was granted separate representation in Parliament, Col. M. Burwell being the first member. An extensive fire broke out in 1844, to be followed by a more destr\ictive one in the spring of the following year, still remembered as the "Great P'ire." This disastrous conflagration broke out on a Sunday morning, and was not subdued till fully thirty acres of buildings were laid in ashes. The fire commenced on what was known as the Robinson House, and the flames, fanned by a stiff north-westerly gale, with everything as dry as tinder, swept with irresistible progress the full width of a block, Dundas, Kidout, King, York, Hathurst and Talbot being the chief streets to suffer ; fortunately no lives were lost. ^% CITY OF LONDON William R. Meredith, M.P.I' In 1847 the village was incorporated as n town. Ii» 1853 the Great Western Railway was opened, one result of which was a considerable increase in the value of real estate. In the same year the assessed value of real property amount- ed to $146,000, while in 1854 it reached $228,0'X). The population in 1855 numbered over 11,000, and the place wa& incorporated as a city. In the snme year the London and Port .Stanley Railway was completed, while by these rail- ways the growth and enterprise of the city was promoted, I'"rom this time the prosperity of London was fully assured ; manufactories and industries sprung up on every side, which, fanned by the energy and enterprise of her citizens, rapidly jnished the Forest City into the premier rank of the cities of the Dominion. During the last decade London has wit- nessed a steady and rapitl growth in population, which is now estimated at 30,000, while as a manufacturing centre she is rapidly attaining a position of increased importance. The local nomenclature of London is in a great man- ner a reproduction of that ot the great city whose name it has ambitiously borrowed. Those who sigh for the origina) will hnd here that the Thames is again spanned by a West- minster and Hlackfriars Bridge ; it has a Hyde Park ; a Covenl Garden ; a Crystal Palace ; a Tower of London (its gaol and court-house) ; a St. Paul's Cathedral, with Pall Mall, Piccadilly and Cheapside. But a little over half a cenlury ago the surrounding broad expanse was one interminable wilderness, covered in every direction with dense forests, which sheltered the rich glebe from the hot sunbeams of summer and the biting winter winds that swept southward from the frozen deserts towards the pole ; to-day the city of London marks one of the brightest gems in the diadem of the Dominion. ,. , , ; , THE FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. In the great essential of b.mking business, London enjoys every facility, having seven thoroughly substantial and reliable banks, as well as twelve financial companies doing a savings and loan business. Among the banks, the Bank of London in Canada has headquarters here, while the following well- known establishments have branches in the city : Bank of Montreal, Molsons, Bank of British North America, Federal Bank, Canadian Bank of Commerce, and the Merchants' Bank of Canada. . ',. . INDUSTRIES. . •■ ," TV,' London is essentially a commercial and manufacturing centre, her trade in her home industries radiating through all parts of the Dominion. One of her chief industries is oil refining, crude oil being brought from Enniskillen Wells, a distance of 40 miles ; also railway car works, boiler, stove and other iron works, and chemical works ; furniture, farming implements, car- riages and waggons are also manufactured on an exten- sive scale. In the importing and wholesale trade of the city, large operations are carried on in dry goods, groceries, hard- ware, millinery, hats, caps and furs, wooden-ware, cor- sets, skins, leather and clothing. The value of her imports rose from $882,000 in 1861 to $2,712,000 in 1881 ; her exports during that lime ris- ing from $360,000 to $655,000. SOCIETIES. Secret and other societies are well represented in London. The Masons have a large number of lodges, the Masonic Temple on Richmond and King being the headquarters of the craft. The Odd-fellows' form a _^ strong body, and own a spacious hall on Dundas Street. London Club House CITY OF LONDON The Ancient and Independent Order of Foresters, the Ancient Order of United Workmen, the Royal Arcanum, the Order of Chosen Friends, and various national, benefit and political associations, are duly represented. In addition there are several clubs and social organiza- tions. Of these the most noticeable arc the Arion Club, the Baconian Club, the Brunswick Club, the London Club, and the Pickwick Club. THE CHURCHES, A leading feature of the city of London is the number and architectural beauty of her churches. The Roman Ca- tholic Cathedral, known as St. Peter's, attracts the atten- tion of every visitor to the city. In point of design and sym- metry of proportion this splendid edifice stands without a peer in the Province. The Anglican Cathedral, St. Paul's, erected in 1845 o" 'he site (if the old building, which was destroyed by fire, is a handsome structure, with a seating capacity for 1,300. Of the Methodist body the representa- tive church is the (Queen's Avenue, a handsome edifice, which in 1H80 was enlarged and beautified at considcralile cost. This building owns a magnificent organ, possibly the largest in Western Ontario, and valued at $7,000. The Presbyter- ians possess a handsome Gothic structure in that known as St. .'Vndrew's, which is beautifully situated amid fine lawns at the corner of (Queen's Avenue and Waterloo Street. Many other of the city churches are remarkable for ar- chitectural design. There are seven Episco])al Churches ; three P>a])tist ; two Catholic ; one Congregational ; twelve Methodist ; five Presbyterian ; a Jewish Church ; Latter Day Saints, and a strongly organized branch of the Y. M. C. A. ; this commendable institution cannot be passed over without a due and fitting recognition of the great and wide benefits it confers. It has been for several years under the supervision of Mr. F. Heath, one of the most popular and respected of secretaries of these associa- tions throughout the Dominion. This institution has been the means of jirocuring situations for many young men, and is always a willing medium for all seeking advice or positions, while its moral infliience is widely ex- tended. THE PRESS. In the matter of giving enlightenment to her citizens by means of the local press, London can boast of high class journalistic talent, the outcome of which is the result in the daily publication of the Advertiser and the Fre,' Press ; of weekly issues of the Cat/iolic Record, the Echoy the Western Advertiser and U'eekly Liberal ; as well as monthly editions of the Canadian Entomologist, the Farmer's Advocate, the Independent Forester and the Masonic Tablet. THE LONDON WATER-WORKS. Pure water is of the most essential importance in any community, and in this respect London is well blessed. Her present water- works system was constructed in 1878, at a cost of $325,000, under the direction of a Board of Commis- sioners, of which the Hon. John Carling was chairman- The reservoir is 190 feet above the city level, and has a capacity of 3,000,000 gallons. The water is elevated both by hydraulic and steam pumps, the River Thames being dammed to obtain power for the hydraulic pumps. The ^.^^^ Congregational Church St. Andrcir's Prcubytcrian Church '^ CITY OF LONDON water, which is remarkably clear and pure, Is oblalned from (prints between three and four milei we«l of (he city. The revenue from water rales yields the city about $40,cxx) annually. FIKR HRICIADE, The fire department is a small but ihorouKhly cflicient one, with a central station on King Street. It is well organized and mnnatjed in all respects ; (in- alarm boxes are to be found in all parts of the city. The cliiLf engineer is John A. Koe, who has beneath him a staff of thirteen men. .Since the adoi)tion of the water-works system the steam fire enj^ines have been disi)enscd with. !it Paiil'H Chnrvh r. II. IIOUGENS, ESQ., MAYOR OK LONDON. The rapid progress and growth of our leading commercial cities being due in no small degree to the fostering care and wise administrations of the respectivi civic authorities of each, it has been deemed consistent with the nature of this work to give a short biographical sketch of the present Mayor of the "Forest City." Not alone in his position as the chief magistrate of so important a city as London, but as a representative business man, .Mr. Ilodgens is entitled to all recognition as one who lias by his own efforts and exertions attained the high position which he holds to-day in the community. He was born near Stradbelly, Queen's County, Ireland, in the year 1837, and came to this country in 1855, when but eighteen years of age ; after a four years' residence he removed to the United States. In June, 1861, Mr. Hodgens returned to London, where for ten years he was actively engaged in the manufacture of carriages, which at that period was growing to be one of the leading industries of this city. On retiring from that line of business Mr. Ilodgens became interested in oil refining, and is at present a director of the Imperial Oil Company. His career has been an eventful one, and should serve as an incentive to the young men of the present generation in exemplifying what may be accomplished by individual effort when applied in the right direction. Although never an aspirant for public office, ur milei west of on King Street, arts of the city, the adoption of ' ..r nail degree to it has been )resent Mayor ;ant a city as n as one who community, lis country in Inited States, igaged in the istries of this ng, and is at should serve accomplished public office, CITY OF LONDON Mayor Ilodfienn he. at the rarncxt Hnlicilalinn of his friends, became a can- didate for the poHition of alderman in the Fourth Wnrd, and VitkS accordingly chosen, and was at the last election returned as mayor of the city l)y a majority of 265, there l)eing two other candidates in ihc lield. Mr. I (odgens h.is ever taken an interest in the improvement and development of the city and its manifold resources and advantages. His residence comprises one of the handsomest villas in London, ond was erected some three years ago on plans of Mr. Craddock, a prominent architect. This building is erected in thedotliic style, of white brick, with Ohio stone trimmings. The roof . has ornamental gables, while the grounds are all beautifully and tastefully laid out. Univer.-ally respected in the walki* of public and private life, Mr. Hodgens has become thoroughly identified with the interests ol London, and is one of her most worthy and public-minded citizens, and a representative business man of this Dominion, llis elec- tion to the position of ni.iyor means the highest possible testimonial of the confidence and esteem of the mercantile community, and in his position he wields a powerful influence a> the he.id of the civic interests of the city. Though not mixing himself up in political matters, Mr. Hodgens has been a consistent supporter of the Conservative party, and a staunch supporter of the National Policy. EDUCATIONAL, ETC. Few towns or cities in the Dominion have been more liberal in providing for the educa- tional wants of her youth than London. Every effort has been made by the Board of Education to keep the school accommodations abreast of the retiuirements of the rapidly increasing * population, and in harmony with every practi- cal improvement. There are now thirteen Public Schools, a very fine Collegiate Institute and three Separ- ate Schools. The number of teachers em- ployed is sixty-four, which includes a music and drawing master. The present inspector, Mr. James Beattie Boyle, has had, under the Board of Education, the supervision of these chools since 1855. In addition to the public schools, London possesses a tamous seat of learning, known as the VVestert* University, controlled bv a senate, of which the Bishop of Toronto is the head, and the Kev. A. Peache, D.D., Chancellor ; the Huron College for students of divinity ; the Hellmuth Ladies' College, an institution founded by the late Bishop Hellmuth, with the object of providing a thorough, liberal and useful education for young ladies. This establishment has a national reputa- tion, which is by no means confined to the limits of the Dominion, but is supplied with pupils from all parts of ihe United .Stales. The whole system is based upon the soundest Christian principles, without bias as to sectarian belief. Its situation is one of the most eligible in the whole of Canada, overlooking the River Thames, and surrounded by the most picturesque of scenery : the Mayor IMo,n«' Villa ,': ;" building itself, five stories in height, covering a wide London Hi'iili School 8 CITY 0¥ LONDON space of ground, is a fine monument of architectural design, and is entitled to prominent mention amongst the chief structures of this country, whi'e to the city of London it gives peculiar attractions. ,' ^i'iliiliii,i^.ifiiiii IMI , i II' li; ,|].i!ii,,:iW';i|i''' ijiiiiii" Im ,,, , m il*|lr'-'i:W'i.!Vl'j wiisiiis'ijij THK PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF LONDON. Besides its ecclesiastical and educational structures, London possesses many public buildings of a high degree of architectural merit, amongst which the following are the most important : the City Hall, centrally located on Richmond Street ; the Court-house ; the City Hospital ; Lunatic Asylum ; Orphan Asylum ; the Roman Catholic Convent ; the Masonic Temple ; and the Custom House. CITY OF LONDON 41 ntion amongst A COMPENDIUlVr — OF — Graphic Skhtchhs of its Prominent Places and People EPISODES IN USEFUL LIVES AND LOCAL REMINISCENCES ■|| III 'I'l :;Vi «ll Mm' ■= •S s i !5 lings of a high \e City Hall, liim ; Orphan The Bennett Furnishing Co. (Limited), { Rectory Street. — One of tlie most important in- "astries of this city is the manufacture of furniture, and foremost among the establishments in this line is that of the Bennett Furnishing Company (Limited) — Henry Taylor, Esq., President, R. IJennett, Esq., .Secretary. This house was established twenty-five years ago by the late Charles Bennett, who retired in 1872, and the (our sons carried on the business under the name of Bennett Bros. About seven years ago the business was merged into a joint stock company. The Bennett Furnishing Co. manufacture school, church, oflice and fine art furniture ; and in these lines this house is surpassed by no other on the continent of America. In art furniture their designs are often elaborate, always chaste and highly finished. They are of course always changing or adding new ones ; but among them may be mentioned those in Queen Anne, Elizabethan and Louis XIV. styles ; and (iothic and classic in church furniture. Expert and skillful workmen are employed, as the industry engaged in demands the services of artists in wood. The works cover some five acres, the main building being 100x60 and three stories in height, a sub- stantial white brick structure ; and the building used for shipping purposes is 30x70 feet in dimensions. The factory is provided with the latest tools and machinery ; constant employment is found for fifty-five hands ;and steam power is supplied by an engine of 40- hor.se power. The trade enjoyed by this Company is immense, extending as it does over the whole of the Dominion and a large section of the Old Country, for the better attention to which this Company have very large warerooms in Glasgow, where an army of hands is employed, and to which, on an average, some fifty carloads of furniture are shipped each year. This Company have secured many prizes at exhibitions for their work ; and at both the Colonial and Edin- burgh International their exhibits of church and school furniture were pronounced fo be by far the finest. Canada has long held her own against the world in furniture generally ; but within recent years she has obtained an envia"-'" position in fine art furniture, thanks to the ability and entctprise of the Bennett Furniture Co. • ••i-"-. j-'A ■> .1 ■ ..<-0 ^i to!'' #'. « ■ • •< ..^..r ..•. , ■» ■ jm u ,S3.-, •• II. 42 CITY OF LONDON T. Bi Esoott 9i Oo>, Importers of Groceries, York Street. — Amongst the leading grocery establish- ments of London is that of Messrs. T. B. Escott & Co., which for the extent of its trade, the variety of its stock and the superiority of its goods, is entitled to more than ordinary prominence and recognition. Though numbered amongst the more recent of the establishments of the " Forest City," it has nevertheless in rhe short period of its existence pushed itself into public notice, and already enjoys a favorable notoriety. This house was opened on September 1st of the present year, the oremises being located on York Street, near to Richmond, and "Comprising a large and commodious ware- house 122x40 feet in dimensions, of solid brick and three stories in height, with a basement devoted to the storage of sugar, vinegar and fish. The first flat is utilized for offices and sample rooms, as well as for shipping purposes, and the facilities here enjoyed are not surpassed by any house in London. The second floor contains a large stock of canned goods and rice, a section being set apart for the packing of goods, while the third floor carries a large stock of teas, coffees and wooden-ware. Messrs. Escott & Co. deal extensively in canned goods, such as vege- tables, fruits, fish and meats ; also dried fruits, figs^ dates, raisins and prunes, while a specialty i"- made of teas, coffees and spices. The stock carried em- braces a full and complete line of groceries of fine (|uality, including every article necessary for a really first-class establishment, and in its comprehensive nature is fully equal to that carried by any contem- poraneous house. The goods are imported at first hand, and as they are bought in large quantities for cash, customers get the full benefit of the market. Orders are promptly filled, and goods ordered from a distance are immediately despatched. The mem- bership of this enterprising firm is constituted as follows : Messrs. T. U. Escott, J. C. Hazard, and J. H. Cole, all gentlemen of high business abilities, thoroughly acquainted with the trade ; and from the conservatism of their management, this house stands to-Jay among the most solid and reliable estab- lishments of London, while its future is well assured. REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 48 large stock of :ssrs. Kscott & such as vege- ■ied fruits, figs, )ecialty i"- made ick carried em- roccries of fine sary for a really comprehensive by any contem- ipo'rted at first ;e quantities for of the market, ordered from :d. The mem- constituted a& Hazard, and J. siness abilities, ide ; and from ent, this house reliable estab- s well assured. J. D. Saunby, Manufacturer of High Grade Flours, 255 York Street. — There is no country in the world more (iislinguished for its Hour than Canada. It is one of our leading articles of industry, and as such we have much reason to be proud of it. Our millers are men of enterprise and push — ever ready to adopt a system that will produce a finer grade of flour — -with which they combine that energy which never fails to secure success. Ontario is justly esteemed the premier Province of the Dominion, and in it we produce the finest wheat. Some sections, of course, are more highly favored than others, and productive of a richer class of grain. Western Ontario, it is generally conceded, is the Goshen of Canada, its cereals being at a premium in regard to ([uality ; and the wheat of that part of the country, of which London is the central or converging point, ranks very high in the market. It need not be wondered at, therefore, if the millers here prosper, and find a ready demand for their Hour. Flour and grain are among the staple articles of commerce in London, and there is one extensively engaged as a manufacturer of flour and as a dealer in grain — Mr. I. I). Saunby, who is widely known, having been before the public for the last quarter of a century. He is proprietor of the North Branch and Blackfriars Mills; the new extension of the C. P. R,, running from Woodstock to Windsor, and close to these mills, offering every facility for transport. In connec- tion with this enterprise there is a large cooperage, where the barrels required for this business are manu- factured. Mr. Saunby produces a high grade of flour, that has secured for his establishment a very high reputation. The three principal brands are : "Forest (Jity Queen," " Tecumseh " and " Ausonia." These grades are of first-class quality, and meet with a ready .sale. It is needless to say that Mf. Saunby enjoys a very large trade not only in these but in all the grades manufactured, as his goods are all of standard quality. He likewise deals very extensively in grain of all kinds, his store on York Street having a capacity ol 70,000 bushels. Very large quantities, however, never reach the store. His North Branch Mills are on one of the principal roads to London, and farmers, before going into the city, sell to him there. Mr. Saunby is a native of Canada, and is an energetic and excellent man of business. He is widely known and highly respected. FergHSOn Brothers, Lumber Merchants, York and Ridout Streets. — The advantages afforded by London as a commercial centre, by her combined railroad routes, make it especially adapted as a lumber market, and within the past few years these advantages have been improved by the establishment of firms who have gone extensively into the handling of lumber. Among the gentlemen who have promi- nently embarked in this enterprise are Messrs. Ferguson Brothers, who deal in all kinds of lumber, dressed and undressed lath, shingles, cedar posts, etc. Their oflices and yards are located at the corner of York and Ridout Streets, where they have excellent facilities for handling their large stocks of lumber, while they have also a branch establishment in the east end. The firm was organized by the present partners in 1 878, and from the first did a good business, which has since steadily increased. As an industry the manufacture of lath and shingles holds a high place among the activities of a com- munity, and the Messrs. Ferguson, in seeking to perfect the works necessary for the demand of the public, have established a first-class trade, while they give employment to some thirteen hands. Extra shinglesare made a specialty, bill stuff is cut to order, and special inducements are offered in carload lots. The gentlemen operating this important enterprise are natives of this country ; they are conversant and familiar with all the details of their business, while they aie personally esteemed in commetajkl circles. C. E. Brydgas, Real Estate and Land Agency, Molson's Bank Building.— The steady growth of London and the rapid increa'e in population in western Ontario, have opened up a wide and impor- tant field of enterprise in the line of real estate. Many prominent citizens of London are engaged in this business. Amongst those well known in this line, and whom familiarity with the city and experi- ence in these transactions have fitted so eminently for this business, is Mr. C. E. Brydges. This agency which he now controls was established by Messrs. G. B. Harris & Co., but has been under the direct managsment of Mr. Hry R«ld Cc OOi| Importers of Crockery and •Glassware, Decorators of China, etc.. Crystal Hall, Dundas Street. — The largest, most complete, and fmest stock of crockery and glassware in the Domin- ion is that of VV. J. Reid & Co., of the Crystal Ilall, Dundas Street. This house was established in 1840 by Mr. Nathaniel Reid, when London was but a small village, and is yet in the business. The im- mense building is four stories high, being devoted exclusively to storage, warerooms, and China decor- ating. The top flat is used for American and Cana- / facility is en- lis work. lie )rk, employing ig out some of tic work to be e few families- ul task of erect- dear deceased ; the same time 1 at his hands business was store-room are kshop 160x32. ut has been a ;ars. He is a )le worker and hant, \Vhol«- mdon being ark ber, a liberal ages possessed business, must le chain of the f the " Forest of the country and stimulate ady and rapid lilders actively four own city country in ies a future ot industrial pur- tled to a com- at of lumber, a thoroughly [. D. Le Bel. been promi- eresls of this- isiness in the t'es he enjoys, prominence lie city. The ose influences iiterprisesand its existence^ creasing busi- ontitle it to the lumber Canada, antll e capital. For«*t Olty Bu«ln««« Oolleg*, Messrs. Westervelt %* r>o CITY OF LONDON liank of Canada. In Great Britain the Hankers ere the National Bank of Scotland, Limited ; and the General Agents in Great Britain, Messrs. I'aulin, Sorley & Mania, 26 George Sircet, Edinburgh. W. H. Bartrantt Banister, etc.— Though dealing more immediately with commercial pursuits, it has been deemed (it and proper that in this. compre- hensive work the legal profession should have due representation, for in no small degree is the fabric of commerce dependent on the constitution of the lew. Amongst the well known and notable representat .s of the learned profession of the law, is Mr. VV. 1£. Bartram. This gentleman, who was born at Chel- tenham, Gloucestershire, England, commenced the study of law with Mr. P. T. Worthington, at Wind- sor, Ont., afterwards with Crown Attorney Hutchin- son, in London, and subsequently with Judge Elliott. He w.Ts admitted as an attorney in 1871, and was called to the Bar in the Easter Term, 1S71. fie then entered into partnership with Mr. Charles Hutchinson, under llie firm title of Hutchinson & Barlram, which was dissolved in 1874, when Mr. Bartram associated with him Mr. Erank Love, the firm being Bartram & Love. In 1877 this partner- ship was dissolved, and Mr. Bartram has since con- tinued his extensive ))raclice alone. He is a Com- missioner in Ontario for taking affidavits to be used in Manitoba, and also a Notary Public. He holds the position of Registrar of the Law Department of the Western University ; he was Reeve for London West for three years, and is now Solicitor for that Corporation. Mr. Bartram has been President of the St. George's Society, of London, and last August, when the North A iierican St. George's Union held its Convention in London, he was elected first Vice- President of the Union, to hold office until the next meeting of the Convention in Philadelphia. The London Free Press published a likeness of Mr. Bartram and other officers. Oanada Ufa Aaauranea Oe., 385 Richmond Street, J.. Ci, Brewer, agent. — The position occupied by the above named Company in this community is such, that in depicting the commercial and manu- facturing interests of London, it would be manifestly impossible to omit mention of an institution that adds so materially to the stability and representative enter- prises of this Dominion. Above all other companies doing business in life insurance in this Dominion the Canada Life Assurance Company stands pre-eminently forward. The operations of this institution extend through all parts of the Dominion, and the business transacted by it more than doubles that of any other two companies put together. The Canada Life Assurance Company was established in 1847, with headquarters at Hamilton, and from itsinceptiontothe present time, the career of this Company under careful con.servative management has proved a successful one in the highest sense, as may be inferred from the fact that the capital and funds of the Company at the date of its last report were over $i't,ooo,oco, with an annual income of over $1,400,000. The head offices at Hamilton comprise one of the handsomest structures in the Dominion, and form the chief adornment of the " Ambitiouj City." The Canada Life issues policies on all approved systems, having a thoroughly sound financial basis, and, as in the case of assurance by ten annual payments for a policy payable at death, at rates which no rival company can beat. The Canada Life is essentially a national institution of which wemayallbeproud.and intending assurers, having the interest of our home establish- ments at heart, should without hesitation accept the liberal terms in insurance offered by the Company. The executive officers are Mr. A. (i. Ramsay, Presi- dent ; Mr. V. W. Gates, Vice-President; and Mr. R. Hills, S -cretary ; whi'.e the list of directois embraces some of the most prominent, successful and well known business men and capitalists of he Dominion, sufficient in itself to form a guarantee of success to any great enterprise. The London branch, with offices at 435 Richmond Street, is under the superin- tendence of Mr. J. Griffith Brewer, under whose able administration the business of the Company is well looked after in the " Eorest City." Mr. Brewer, who is the youngest son of the late Commander Thomas Brewer, R. N., was born in Cornwall, England, in 1838 ; he was educated at llurst-Pierpoint College, and prior to coming to this country he was sixteen years with the Euro'iean Assurance Co., of London, England. He has n">w been with the Canada Life since 1870. He is a gentleman highly popular and respected in business and social circles, and makes an able representative for the Company with which he is associated. Prank KIrehmar, Bill Poster, Rooms 13 and 14 Strong's Block. — There is a decided art in advertis- ing, and a most popular medium for attracting public attention is that of bill posting. In the posting of bills there is also an art, and a wide field for industry. The old and reliable bill poster of London is Mr. Erank Kirchmer, who controls all the prominent bill boards in the city, and has under him an efficient staff of assistants, who in a remarkably short space of time will have the desired bill,-, pasted in all con- spicuous parts of the city. Mr. Kirchmer occupies offices at 13 and 14 Strong's Block, Dundas Street, and established his business in 1882. He was for- merly connected with the firm of Messrs. Manville & Brown, auctioneers and commission merchants, of this city, and at one time carried on an extensive dray business Mr. Kirchmer is an old resident of this city, and is well known in London. REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 51 this community is .■rcial find manu- luUl be manifestly titution that adds resentative enter- I oilier companies lis Dominion the [iership (payable krance premium, txtend the insur- sured, each yeai IS, not to exceed let opposite the at 25 is only ii, premiums and y or half yearly, accordance with the Company. of this plan, is ghout this con- actuary of the irance company y for a number es. The agent VV. II. Rae, a isiness, and one ; insurers every , by which they ed rates. 387 Talbot St. arest City" that n, and amongst business that of ce and recogni- ceeper may re- in this line, the ys be depended The premises at 385 and 387 B and spacious :, fully stocked nsable articles vhich combine lome. In this ound common laniber suites, lounges, and This house ture to order, J the specified c Mr. Brenton nt of stoves of es, thoroughly ness dates its i ago, and it is 1 enterprise of low enjoys so is a native of lis country for e engaged in e perseverance to his present fully exempli- lan who, like and integrity. Di Darvlll li Oe«f Founder and Machinist, Thames .Street. — So far from merely presenting a compilation of statistics and condensed facts showing the resources and business status of London and this western portion of the Province, it is considered com- patible with the nature of this work to review in detail those enterprises which exert especial influence upon the industrial and commercial standing of this city and Province. It will be found upon examination of this work that Lontlon is not deficient in that dis- tinctively western spirit of enterprise and progress which has done so much to develop the resources of this country. The important iron foundry of Messrs. D. Darvill & Co. was foundc 1 by the senior partner of the firm in 1859, and was by him conducted as an individual enterprise till i'/83, when it assumed its present constitution. The premises of the Company are located on Thames .Street, and comprise a large and spacious two-storied building, where some 30 hands are steadily employed the year round in the manufacture of steam engines of all sizes, steam threshing machines, saw mills, tile and brick machines of improved pattern, horse powers, straw cutters and cider mills. Castings of all sorts are made to order, and repairing is promptly attended to. Modern civilization owes much to the art of melting and cast- ing of metals. I*, is impossible to estimate the amount of labor and capital, iis well as material, saved by the substitution of cast iron and other metal work in the place of wrought metal. The enterprise of Mr. Darvill has built up a very important concern, which takes a justly prominent rank amongst the industries ol the city. The foundry possesses a full and ample steam power system, with all modern appliances and conveniences for the efficient and prompt discharge of the comprehensive work here executed. The trade of the house is widely extended, its products having a national reputation for their excellence and durability. With an experience of more than a quarter of a century, and an honorable business career, Mr. Darvill, the head of this firm, holds a prominent position among the manufacturers of London. Special mention must be made of the improved brick and tile machine they manufacture, and which has proved to be the best combined brick and tile machine now in use. The tiles made by it •ire perfectly smooth and straight, and have a distinct advantage over those made by any other. The " McClosky Separator" made by this firm has also a wide reputation, possessing distinct and prominent features from others used for a similar purpose. Mr. Darvill, the senior member of the firm, is a native of England ; his son, Mr. D. W. D.irvill, who in 1882 was admitted into partnership, is a native of this country. J. OHrd & Son, Gun Makers, etc., 185 Dundas Street. — The natural sporting proclivities of the Anglo-Saxon race are to be found in any country where the English tongue is spoken, and as a result an important branch of indus- try is that comprised under the heading of gunsmiths. In Canada the love of snort greatly nntural affords for the tiesi.< IS developed, iind the game of the country many an opportunity ardent sportsman to gratify his tastes in that direc- tion. Fortunately for sports- men in the " Forest City " and surrounding neighlxirhood, they can supply them- selves with everything needful (and at the same time of the best and most reliable (juality) for a sporting outfit at the well known and old established hcise of Meisrs. J. Gurd tS: Son. Much of the success of the sportsman, no matter in what department he engages, is due to his being provided, if for shooting, with reliable guns, rilles and ammunition ; and if for fishing, with trustworthy tackle, with all needful appliances. This business was established in 1842 by the late Mr, J. Gurd, who was succeeded in 1873 by the present head of tlie firm, Mr. W, Gurd. The premises are located- at 185 Dundas Street, where a general business, wholesale and retail, is carried on in guns, rifies, revolvers, all kinds of ammunition, clay and blue rock pigeons, glass balls, skates and general sporting goods. All necessary repairs or alterations in guns or rifles are efficiently and promptly executed. During the forty-four years this establishment has been in existence the name of Mr. Gurd has been prominently identified with the busi- ness interests of London, and this firm compares favorably with any other in western Ontario in extent and facilities. A large city trade has been built up, as Well as through the surrounding portion of the Province. Sportsmen will find here at all seasons complete supplies, and no industrial enter- prise in this line is conducted with more energy and ability. Mr. Gurd is a native of county Cork, Ireland, and is a thorough judge of his business in all its departments. London Brush Paotory, Thomas Bryan, 61-65 Dundas Street. — The manufacture of brushes in Canada has been an industry of considerable im- portance for some years, more especially since the inauguration of the National Policy, Among the leading brush manufacturers west of Toronto is Mr. Thomas Bryan, proprietor of the London Brush Fac- tory. Mr. Bryan began business in 1872, since which time he has built up a very large trade, extending now as it does over the whole of the Dominion, lie manufactures all kinds of brushes, including bass brooms, hair brooms, ceiling brooms, hearth brooms, window brushes, foundry brushes, tanners' brushes, printers' brushes, brewers' brushes, horse brushes, dandy biushes, scrub brushes, stove brushes, shoe brushes, mops, etc. Mr, Bryan also manufactures paint, varnish and kalso- mine brushes, which, in common with all the others, are ef very superior quality. He manufactures a full and ;omplete line of oval, round and flat paint and whitewash brushes, a specialty being made of mill and machine brushes, painters' brushes of every description, and all brushes used by the hardware trade. In addition to what he manufactures, Mr, Bryan is an extensive importer of patent carpet sweepers, feather dusters and artists' brushes, his stock of artist, bristle, camel hair, fitch or bear, and badger hair brushes being complete. Mr, Bryan enjoys an excellent reputation for the class of goods he manufactures and for the stock he keeps, being second to none in the Dominion. He is represented on the read by two travellers. With regard to his machinery and facilities for the manu- facture of brushes, they are not surpassed ; and skillful workmen only are employed. 54 CITY OF LONDON John F«rguson Ir Sons, Furniture Manufac- turers and Funeral Directors, 1 80 King Street. — This house was established by John Ferguson thirty years a^o, and in 1884 he admitted his sons, trading under ihe tirm nai.ie of John Ferguson & Sons. No better furniture is manufactured in this country than chinery ; still descending to the flat below is the department where the rough material is prepared for the machine room ; and now we are in the vici.iity of the engine room and drying kiln, in the rear of which is the large lumber y.ird. Forming a wmg to the west is a room, 30x60 feet, devoted t such stock as tow, fibre, excelsior, etc. ; in .act, every- thing for upholstering work. The whole extent of ground covered is 300x60 feet. As might naturally be expected, this firm enjoy a very large trade, and take the lead in the retail trade. Every articlt turned out is guaranteed, and quality, price and all considered, we know of no better furni- ture establishment with which to trade than that of John Ferguson & Sons. Mr. fohn Ferguson, tne founder, who has been as active in the interests of the public as in those of his own business, was for several years an Alderman of London, discharging the functions that position involved in a spirit ol impartiality and disinterestedness ; he has also been President of the St. An- drew's Society ; and is now the incumbent of the presidency of the Undertakers' Asso- ciation of Canada. that made by this firm, and as funeral directors they are without a rival. They turn out furnitire of the most elaborate and expensive kind down to that commonly used in the kitchen, the whole being of first-class quality. They do upholstering work like- wise, importing all the material used. The factory is fully equipped in every respect witli the latest and most improved machinery, an 1 their warerooms are well worth a visit. Their premises, which are large and commodious, cover an area of 60x120 feet and are four stories high, the building being a substantial whire brick structure. On the ground floor one section, 30x60 feet in dimensions, is devoted to the undertaking depariment, reception room and up- pholstered goods, below which is the morgue ; the other portion, of equal dimensions, is the wareroom, devoted to sideboards, extension tables, hall racks, bureaus, etc. ; and behind that again is the fitting up and packing "room. On the second flat one por- tion, 30x6(1 feet, is set apart for all kinds of bedroom suites, and the other for all kinds of parlor euiies, easy chairs and lounges. This department is under the immediaie supervision of Mr. James Ferguson, one of the partners, who has had excellent expe- rience, having been for some time in the employ of the great firm of Shoolbreed & Co., of London, England. Hehind this department, 30x60 feet, all kinds of wool, hair and gras.>; mattresses are made, and immediately above, 60x60, is the stock room ; and stilt further up is the furnishing room, occupying one portion and upholstered goods occupying the other, and immediately behind is the unfinished goods room. Descending by the back, we arrive at the cabinet makers' room, where all kinds of furni- turne is put up ; and below this is the machine room, fully equipped with the most improved ma- Bon Ton Liv«ry, Robert Heuston, Wellington Street. — It is essential that in a city of London's proportions and importance livery establishments should be well repre sented. Happily, a number of such, alike creditable to the city and the propriet>)rs, are here, and prominent among them is the well-known " Bon Ton Livery," Welling- ton Street, of which Mr. Robert Heuston is the proprietor. The Bon Ton is well known in sporting circles, and 'j the better class of citi- zens who are in the habit of patronizing such es- tablishments. The building occupied as the livery is a substantial brick structure, being the finest of the kind in London, and the stables are well ap- pointed with all modern conveniences. There are twenty-five horses altogether, and fitly vehicles of every description. The horses are always in first- class condition, being always well kept, spirited, and of a stylish gait, among the number being the cele- brated Lady Heuston, which has made an admirable record, having won the one and a quarter mile flat race and the two and a half miles steeple chafe on the London Newmarket track in Octobei of last year. The horses are generally well-bred, s,ilendid roadsters, and here are to be found the best matched pairs of horses in London. The carriages, etc., are of the latest make, and have always a fresh appear- ance ; and Mr. Heuston, who is very popular and extensively patronized, is ever courteous and obliging, and endeavors to anticipate the wants of the public. R. Arseotf & Co., Tanners, Market Square. — An important enterprise amongst our national indus- tries is that of a tannery, and in this line London contains some leading houses, amongst which that of Messrs. R. Arscott & Co. is deserving of all recogni- tion as a thoroughly representative establishment. This business dates its inception back to some twenty-five years ago, during which time the trade of the house has surely and steadily increased. Messrs. Arscott & Co. do a general business as tanners, while they are also manufacturers of lard and neat's-foot oil, and dealers in hides, skins, wools, tallow, bones, etc. This establishment compares favorably with others in the ing Th( al dep sati; sum four this Ars lane sect Dui of of A. in and bull be { lish It below is the il is prepared for I in the vicwity n, in the rear of rming a wing to ed t such stoci< ; in .act, every- rk. The whole is 300x60 feet, ected, this firm d take the lead y articlt turned ility, price and no better furni- ch to trade than ons. Mr. John ho has been as he public as in was for several Ion, discharging involved in a sinterestedness ; of the St. An- k' the incumbent Jertakers' Asso- obert Houston, sential that in a iandimportance be well repre r of such, alike he proprietors, ong them is the ^ery," Welling- obert Heuston s well known r class of citi- lizing such es- :1 as the livery ng the finest are well ap- There are ty vehicles of Iways in first- spirited, and leing the cele- an admirable arter mile flat eple chafe on tobei of last 5red, s,ik>ndid best matched ages, etc., are fresh .ippear- popular and and obliging, f the public. .mt REPREbENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 55 let Square. — ational indus- ine London which that of )f all recngni- stablishment. ick to some e the trade of ied. Messrs. ixiiners, while eat's-foot oil, bones, etc. nth others in the same line in western Ontario, their returns show- ing that tlieir work is duly and well appreciated. Their oils have also a wide reputation, and the gener- al business of this old and reliable firm is in every department on a most satisfactory footing, while in satisfying the demands of a large portion of the con- sumers of leather, Messrs. R, Arscott & Co. have found a congenial avocation. The constitution of this firm is made up of Messrs. ]. H. Elliott and R. Arscott ; both these gentlemen are natives of Eng- land, and are widely known and respected in this section of the country. E. A. Taylor, Bookseller, Stationer, etc., 180 Dundas Street. — In all the wide range of industrial pursuits there is not a more interesting occupation than that of the bookseller, upon which the education of the masses and the enlightenment of the citizens of this country in a large manner depend, Mr. E. A. Taylor, the proprietor of this enterprise, started it in the year 1858, and by the use of the most effective and energetic business methods has succeeded in building up a trade connection of which he may justly l)e proud, and one which ranks as the leading estab- lishment of its kind in London. Mr. Taylor's late premises were located on Richmond Street, above Dundas, but the increasing demands of his business necessitated his removal to larger quarters. As a result he has recently moved to 180 Dundas Street, where he makes use of a large store, 18 x 100 feet in dimensions, which is fully stocked with works of the most popular authors, magazines, periodicals and general literature, all of a high class and order, which include classical, biographical, historical, scientific and artistic volumes, as well as works of fiction, ro- mance, poetry and religion, all offered at remarkably low figures. Mr. Taylor also carries a complete line of stationeiy, plain, fancy and commercial paper, as well as blan < books of all kinds. The leading news- papers can always be obtained here, and foreign ones to order. Mr. Taylor is a native of Eaton, in the Province of Quebec, but has been a resident of this city for 28 years. He is a gentleman of energetic and accomplished business habits, and prompt and reliable in all tramactions. St. Nicholas Hotel, Carting Street, H. Pop ham, proprietor. — Probably there is no city in Canada which is better supplied with hotels and restaurants than the city of London ; they are to be found on every hand, and there is nothing which adds more to the prestige of the place than its accommodation for ♦ visitors and others. Amongst the restaurants of the city one stands pre-eminently forward, and is a thoroughly representative establishment in this line. The St. Nicholas Hotel, of which Mr. Henry Pop- ham is proprietor, has a wide reputation ; it is cen- trally and eligibly located, and is deservedly popular with merchants, clerks and professionrl gentlemen and the travelling public, who appreciate the advan- tages of firr,t-class meals, served in neat and attractive style. The dining hall is fitted up in the best style, and has a seating capacity for some fifty guests. Being conducted upon the European plan, with meals at all hours, there is no limit to the number of guests who are daily accommodated. The bar is stockeij with the finest brands of imported and domestic wines and liquors, beer, ale, etc., and the luisine, under the management of competent assistants, is not excelled by any similar establishment, and as a result Mr. Popham enjoys a wide patronage. This hotel and restaurant has been under the management of the present proprietor uince 1882, though in this line Mr. Popham has had a varied experience, having formerly conducted the Club Chambers in Toronto. Mr. Popham is a native of England, and is thor- oughly ve'sed in all the details and requirements of the business in which he is engaged, while he is one of the most genial and popular of hosts. 0> B> OravOS, Interior Decorations, Art Goods, Mirrors, Window Furnishings, Wall Papers, Borders, etc.,' etc., 222 Dundas Street. — Wall papers, borders and ceiling decorations form an essential in every home ; hence an industry dealing in this line of goods is one of general terest. In this bra of trade we have a thoroughly represent- ative house in that of Mr. O. E. Graves, who does a live busi- ness IS an in:., sorter of wuil papers, bord ers, ceiling decora tions, window shades, spring rollers, etc. Whether considered as an industrial art or as a branch of com- mercial pursuit, this business is of sufficient importance to call for a favor- able notice in a work of this kind. This establish- ment dates its inception back to i860, having been started in that year by its present proprietor on Richmond Si-fct, who afterwards removed to his present premises in Oddfellows' Block, 222 Dundas Street. The advantages of this house enable Mr. Graves to supply any article in the line at bottom prices. He imports mirror glass from England, as well as wall paper from England, France and the United States, of the most improved design and style. The manufacture of picture frames, easels and art furniture, etc., is an important and promi- nent branch of industry of the house. The goods supplied stand pre-eminently in the front rank j for artistic design and excellence of workmanship. ; Thi-i establishment is a most comprehensive one, and includes a great variety of Christmas and New Year I cards, plaques and plush frames imported from Eng- land, France, Germany and United States ; while a I specialty is made of artists' materials, of which a full line is kept constantly on hand. The picture display 1 is a prominent feature of this establishment, and is j well worthy of a visit from strangers and visitors to I the city. The store and show room occupied for the I pursuit of this Ljsiness are 100x30 feet in dimensions, , and h-^re rt-indow shades and poles, oak and bronze 1 mouldings, tfigether with other branches of this industry, are actively manufactured. Mr. Graves is a native of Ireland, and his large trade has been secured by a system of operations conducted upon the strictest principles of mercantile integrity. Frad. Rowland, Pork Packer, etc. : ofTice, 3 Oddfellows' Hall. — For some years' past the city of London has been known far and wide for the excel- lence of its beef and pork. Prominent among the establishments engaged in the packing and provision business is that of Mr. Fred. Rowland, whose facilities for conducting this business are extensive and ample. This gentleman begun business in 1852 in a com- paratively small way, but with a thorough knowledge of the business, and with business ajjility he has £6 CITY OF LONDON I I become one of the leading packers of meat in this section. Mr. Rowland is an extensive manufacturer and dealer in bacon, hams, and fancy cured meats, barrelled pork, Urd, etc., and in this important line of industry he is the oldest established merchant in the city. lie carries a heavy stock, and does a large city and widely extended business. His packing house is located at the corner of William and Bath- urst Streets, where he has every convenience and a spacious ice house for carrying on his business. The brand of hams here turned out has a wide reputation, while a very superior quality of lard is produced. The packing house is fitted throughout with all necessary machinery and appliances ; is furnished with steam power, which supplies motive power to the sausage cutters, the press and pork cutters. Mr. Rowland is a native of England, and has been a resident of this country for 45 years, 35 of which have been spent in London. He is a gentleman of enter prising business habits, and thoroughly understands every branch of the industry in which he is engaged, and which he has developed to its present proportions. u^^Mi^^l IcML aim 363 RICWMOND.ST, LOMDON^NT, ORDEBS PROMPTLY DELIVERED. Canada Chamloal Manufaofuring Co.t Rectory Street, London East. — Chemicals, entering as they do largely into various industries, and also used largely domestically, constitute a most important branch of industry. Experienced skill must be brought to bear upon it as care and attention is re- quired at every stage. In Canada the manufacture of chemicals assumes considerable proportions, and prominent among those engaged in it is the Canada Chemical Company of London East. This Company has been established since 1867 ; Mr. William bow man is President, and Mr. T. II. SmaUman, Treasurer and Managing Director. The works, covering altogether some three acres, are completely equipped with the most improved appliances, the plant being perhaps the most expensive of its kind in use in Canada. The chemicals manufactured are sulphuric, nitric and muriatic acids, both commerically and chemically pure, and mixed acids for explosives. This Company is the only one manufacturing chemically pure acids in Canada ; it also manufactures cop- ])eras, ammonia, glauber salts and calcined salts ; it is also the only establishment in the country manufactur- ing acids from pure brimstone, using pla tinum distilling ap- paratus. This Com- pany enjoys a very large trade, extend- WOOD ^j«jJi=.^a.g.AJk.^.^^-.k.MW!-^ ing over the whole of Hunt Brothert , I'roducL-, Ccjal and Commission 'he Dominion, owing to the purity and general excel- Merchants: office, 363 k-chmond Street.— Prominent j 'ence of the chemicals manufactured ; and it may be among the most enterprising and successful of Lon- { mentioned in this connection that the manufacturing don's merchants are Messrs. Hunt Brothers. In- ^ Richmond Street. — The number of fire insurance con panics doing busi- ness in Canada is a large one, bu'. the solidity of an insurance company and its promptness in paying claims is a most important point. In this respect the Ontario Mutual, which forms the subject of this sketch, is entitled to due prominence and recognition from the high character and reputation it enjoys. This Company was established in 1867 as purely mutual, its head offices being at 386//^ Richmond Street, with branch agencies throughout Ontario, to which Province its field of operation is confined. Since its foundation this Company has enjoyed a large business, which it has regularly maintained, a fact which cannot be said of all companies at the present time. This institution is conducted under a board of directors, two of whom retire annually in rotation, but are eligible for reelection, the policy- holders, according to the amount of their premiums, having a certain number of votes. The first manager of this thriving Company was Mr. James Johnson, who in turn was succeeded by Mr. P. F. Boyle, the present manager, a gentleman of wide experience in fire assurance, and whose able administration of the Company's affairs have given every satisfaction to those concerned in this enterprise, Mr. Hoyle is a native of Ireland, but has bc-cn a resident here for over thirty years, during which time he has gained the confidence and esteem of all. Ontario Car and Foundry Co., London. — Foremost among the industries of London is that carried on by the Ontario Car and Foundry Co. This immense concern was established in 1871, being originally conducted under the style of the Ontario Car Company and London Car Wheel Company. The area of ground covered by the car works and casting and wheel founilries is some sixteen acres, and the number of hands emjiloyed is 275. Motive power is supplied by engines aggregating l6o-horse power. Every facility incident to the particular industry carried on is endiraced within the works, the tools and machinery being of the most modern kind. The Company has capacities and facilities for turning out eight freight cars on an average per day, and sixteen pa-^senger coaches per year. Every road in Canada h.is been ecjuipped in part ot- in full by this Company, including the Canadian Pacific Railway, the (jrand Trunk, the Canada Southern (now the Michigan Central), the Northern & North-VVestern, the Toronto, Grey A Bruce (now amalgamated with j the Cpnadian Pacific), the Whitby & Port Perry, ihe j Intercolonial, the Quebec & Lake .St, John, theQuebec 1 Central, the Western Counties, Halifax A' Cape 1 Breton. The cars manufactured by this Company, REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 59 :ms of heating : boilers anil i and piping, beer engines, , globes and es needed for f every home. Lsive one, and In this line leading and 1 others may work. Mr. a thoroughly y department iraneeCoM snd Street. — es doing busi- solidily of an iss in paying lis respect the ubiect of this id recognition on it enjoy.s. 567 as purely Vz RichiiKind ut Ontario, to is confined, as enjoyed a maintained, a ipanies at the icted under a re annually in 1, the policy- eir premiums, first manager mes Johnson, F. Boyle, the experience in stration of the iatisfaction to Ir. Boyle is a lent here for e has gained London. — andon is that Foundry Co. n 1871, being the Ontario el Company, ir works and ixteen acres, 7S. Motive ing i6o-horse he particular n the works, most modern 1 facilities for nit;e per day, I'A'ery road in full by this itic Railway, rn (now the rthWestern, aniated with art Perry, ihe n, the Quebec fax (V Cape is Company, whether passenger, mail, baggage, express or freight, are not surpassed by those of any other concern on the continent of America for finish, durability and general workmanship. Skillful and experienced workmen are employed, and the material used is strictly in accordance with specifications, each rail- way company having their own standard and issuing their own specifications. It is a fact worthy of note that the manufacture of railway cars is an industry the most comprehensive of any, touching as it does upon every department of trade in the Dominion, among which might be mentioned lumber, bar iron, pig iron (both for castings and car wheels), nails, hardware, paints, oils, varnishes, plush, canvas, hair, springs and carpets. Mr. Thomas .Muir is the competent General Manager of this concern, with which he has been associated since its inception. He is a gentle- man of large experience in the manufacture of railway cars, and is thoroughly conversant with every detail. ChaSi F. Colwell, Importer of and Dealer in Musical Instruments and Musical Merchandise, 171 Dundas Street. — It was once the boast of continental Europe, and of Germany in particular, that we— the Fnglish, wherever we might be — were dependent upon them for our musical creations and our musical instruments. Europe was the birthplace of llandcl and Mozart, of Beethoven and Mendelssohn, and of other great composers. The musical instruments which held the professional world by a kind of involun- tary fascination were made there, and the most eminent critics of musical productions were nursed amid the inspirations of "Vatcrland." A new era has dawned on the English-speaking race, and with it we claim fresh acquisitions. England and America, — and when we name the latter we necessarily include the British portion of this continent — can now com- pete against the whole world in musical creations and in musical instruments. The " Forest City " is a well known musical centre, and among its inhabit- ants are to be found many whose tastes are at once correct and re- fined. There is, therefore, a templ- ing field here for the musical mer- chant whose stock bears the stamp of merit, and whose reputation as an authority cannot be questioned. I n London there are several large music ware -rooms, but foremost amongst them all is that of Mr. Charles F. Colwell, estab- lished some sixteen years ago. The excellence of his stock has long since secured for him a name second to none, embracing as it does musical instru- ments and musical merchandise of all kinds, among which may be mentioned pianos and organs by the best makers, violins of all sizes, styles and colors, varying in price from $1.00 to $1,000.00, including the famous Stradivarius and Amati violins ; guitars, banjos, accordeons, concertinas, melodeons, mouth organs, etc. Mr. Colwell handles the "Emerson," " Dominion," and "Knabe" pianos, in acdition to others; but let these suffice as samples of the heavier class of goods kept in slock. The " Emerson " piano is, without a doubt, as fine an instrument of its kind as is manufactured on this continent. It is noted for its fullness and roundness of tone, and for its durability. Mr. Colwell is an extensive importer, and buys for c.ish, the benefit of which he extends to his patrons. Mr. Colwell occupies two fiats, the lower one being 100 feet dee]i. The wareroom, which is on the ground floor, is fitted up with much taste after the traditional manner of a music house, the walls being almost covered with portraits and engrav- ings of famous composers, actors, actresses, and musical artistes. VVe have seen no better music wareroom in Canada, and " ColwelTs Popular Music House " has become a household word all over Ontario. The second flat is in two divisions, being devoted to rehearsals and music teaching. Professor Baiimaiin, of Hamilton, and Professor Zinger, of Biantford, give weekly lessons, the one on the violin, and the olhet on the guitar and banjo. The piano and other instruments are taught as well. Mr. Colwell handles also the " White" sewing machine, than which there is none belter in the market. It is guaranteed to last a lifetime, and its range of work excels that of any other. There are several hundred thousands of these machines now in use, and Mr. (Colwell enjoys a large trade in them. Mr. Colwell, during the past sixteen years, has been prominently identified not only with leading musical events here, but with municipal and other important interests of the city .as well. His trade is the largest west of Toronto, which he has built up entirely himself, and his career affords an excellent example of what pluck and energy can accomplish under adverse circum- stances and against keen competition. Frank Ooopar, Photographer, 169, 171 and 173 Dundns Street. — To produce satisfactory and pleas- ing pictures requires skill, refined taste, and appre- 60 CITY OF LONDON III im . cialion of the laws of light and shade. All these requisites are to be found a; the estnblishtnent of Mr. Frank Cooper. As a photographer this gentle- man has gained a wide and well-merited reputation for the excellent finish of his pictures. His studio, located over 169, 171 and 173 Dundas Street, is tastefully and elegantly finished, and is replete with everything necessary or convenient for the efficient practice of the art, or for the comfort of visitors. This establishment dates its inception back to some nineteen years, since when ihis house has enioyed a of DufTerin Avenue and Wellington Street, occupy- ing a lot 200x120 feet in dimensions, on which is a spacious factory and workshop 50x100 feet in size. In addition to building and contracting, they also- manufacture doors, sash, blinds, etc., and their extensive operations are conducted with eminent skill and executive ability. The various machinery and mechanical appliances arc propelled by an engine of 25-horse power, with a steam boiler of similar strength, and throughout Teach department the busy operation of skilled workmen presents a hive of industry, ndicative of en- rgy and enter- )rise. The hands mployed in con- ection with this, ndustry will ave- nge from 45 tcv So. Amongst the |)rominent build- ings erected by this firm may be nentioned the ligh School, the Custom House, VIerchants'Bank, Hank of Mont- real and Federal Bank ; also some )f the prominent nstitutions o f Stratford, Saint Thomas, Strath- 'oy and Windsor. t is theintentiork if Mr. Durand to -■rect new premi- ses on an enlarg- steadily increasing reputation. All sizes of photo- ed scale. This gentleman is a native of the city, who,, graphs, from cartes up to 14x17 inches in size, are ■ industrious in his habits and progressive in his ideas, taken in every style and true to life, while a specialty 1 has familiarized himself with all modern styles and is made of family groups and children, Mr. Cooper designs, and employs the most efficient and improved attending personally to the operating. The gallery machinery and appliances in the preparation of is one of the largest and best appointed in Canada, and has long enjoyed a national reputation for artistic photography. The operating rooms are 55x2;; feet in dimensions, while there are separate reception rooms for ladies and gentlemen, the whole establish- ment being in every way efficiently equipped with everything needful or useful for the effective per- formance of the best class of work, the workshop being 55x25 feet in size, with employment for 7 regu- lar hands. Mr. Cooper, who is of Irish descent, is a native of the "Forest City," an ^^1 M ! IS R; Wright At Durandi Builders, Contractors, etc., ; stock, such as only first-class houses keep. None but cor. ()ueen's Avenue and Wellington Street. — This | experienced hands are kejit, and no garments are well-known house dates its inception back to the ! allowed to leave the store which are not carefully in- year 1854, when it was first founded by Messrs. John ; spected and entirely satisfactory to the customer ; as Wright and James Durand. In 1880 these gentle- ' a consequence, this house has received a high popu- men retired, and were succeeded by their respective I larity, not only in 'his immediate section, but from sons, Mr. Thomas Wright and Mr. Andrew Durand. j patrons at a diitancc. Mr. Denton has now on hand Four years later the lamented death of Mr. T. j a large stock of very reasonable and stylish woollen Wright left this business under the sole control of j goods for winter use, for which he offers unusually Mr. Durand, though the old constitutional title of [ good value. This important branch of business was the firm is still retained. The premises occupied for ; established in 1855 by the present proprietor. The this comprehensive industry are located at the corner premises are located at 372 Richmond Street, and REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 61 Itreet, occupy- on which is a 3 feet in size, ting, they also :., and their with ejninent 3US machinery pelled l)y an learn boiler of :h department len presents a ^e of industry, iicative of en- ;y and enter- ise. The hands iployed in con- ation with this lustry will ave- je from 45 to- . Amongst the ominent Iniild- gs erected by is firm may be entioned the igh School, the istom Ilouse^ erchants'Hank, ink of Mont- al and Federal ink ; also some the prominent stitutions o f ratford, Saint liomas, Strath- y and Windsor, is theintentior> Mr. Durand to set new premi- s on an enlarg- r the city, who, le in his ideas, em styles and : and improved ireparation of )ses. lor, 372 Rich- sd and reliable isscd Mr. John of the highest is city, and he t perfect tits in tock a full line kes and styles, ig to those in ps special lines erings and for eeds being es- ;e importer of 1 an extensive ep. None but garments are Dt carefully in- customer ; as d a high popu- ;tion, but from s now on hand stylish woollen ffers unusually }f business was. aprietor. The id Street, and comi)rise a spacious and well appointed store, 20x80 feet in dimensions, fully stocked with a choice supply of the best of materials for garments. As a proof of the superior nature of the work turned out by this establishment, Mr. Denton was awarded the highest medal at the Paris Exposition in 1878, and was also awarded a medal at the first Dominion Exhibition in 1879. Mr. Denton is a native of England, but has resided in London for the last 31 years, where he is highly and deservedly respected. CANADIAN HEAD OFFICE. British Empire Mutual Life Assurance Company, of London, Eng., e.stablished 1847; Western Ontario Hranch, Albion Block Buildings, London, Ont., I . F. Jeffers, .Manager. — The British Empire Mutual Life Assurance Company, of London, England, is highly recommended, as much for its economy as for its salety, the perfection of both having apparently been reached by its operations, as indicated by the liberal share of patronage accorded the organization by the leading merchants and resi- rporaied 1870: office, Dundas Street. — Prin- cipal among the financial institutions of London, devoted to the lending of money on real estate securities only, is the Ontario Loan and Debenture Company. In the conduct of an institution of this kind, nothing can contribute more to its success and permanency than careful management, with which of course must be combined a thorough knowledge of financing and of the values of real estate. The Ontario Loan and Debenture Company has always been fortunate in its management, and consequently successful in its financial negotiations. These have continuously increased ever since its inception, until it now ranks among our leading and most solid insti- tutions in Canada devoted to the negotiation of money. As a resource for simple investment, or for borrowing money on real estate security, the Ontario Loan anil Debenture Company has established a reputation as being eminently suitable for the objects it has in view. Money is advanced on mortgages, on real estate, municipal debentures and (lovernment securities ; 'he amount advanced on mortgages being usually from fifty to sixty per cent, of the inspector's cash valuation. As an evidence of the increasing prosperity of this Company, the assets at the close of 1885 wer-.' $3,239 695.62, and last year they were about $150,000 in excess of that amount. In 1885 the loans on mortgages amounted to $658,321.90, while last year they ajjproached $l,ooo,oco. Mr. Joseph Jefifery, the well known Manager of the Mol- sons Bank, is the President of the Company. This gentleman is one of the clearesl-headed financial men in the country ; one better posted as regards values of aeal estate it would be difiicult to find, lie has been connected with the Company since its incor- poration in 1870. Mr. Alexander Johnston is the Vice-President. The remaining Directors are Messrs. John McClary, William Bowman, William Woodruff, George B. Harris and Herman Waterman ; these gentlemen are all well known, and successful men in their various lines of business. Mr. William F. Bullen, who isManager and Treasurer, has also been ' connected with the Company since its formation. ' He has the reputation of being a cautious business man, prompt and decisive ; and one more efficient for the position he holds, or more zealous in the dis- charge c)f his duties, it would be hard to find. Having at first occupied the po'^ition of Inspector, it has made him thoroughly acquainted with values of real estate in the various parts of the country in which the Com- pany does business. Messrs. Magee, Jeffery and Thomas, of London, Ontario, are the Canadian Solicitors. Jamaa L. Andaraon 8r COm Booksellers and Stationers, 175 Dundas Street. — In all the wide range of industrial pursuits there is not a more interesting occupation than that of the bookseller, upon which the education of the masses and the enlightenment of the citizens of a country in a large measure depend. The city of London is especially a city of erudition and culture, the consequence being that the book tiade is of more than ordinary importance. There is no better evidence of refined taste in the house than the presence of books, and it is a matter of congratu- lation to the friends and laborers in the cause of education that the major portion of the literature which forms the reading matter of to-day is far supe- rior in character ^ as compared with thatof a fewyears^ ago. Messrs. James L. Ander- son & Co.. the proprietors of this enterprise, have been engaged in this branch of in- ilustry for the last eleven years, and by the use of the most effective and energetic business- methods have succeeded in building up a trade connection ofwhich they may justly be prouil, and one which will bear favor- able comparison with that of any kindred house in ;western Canada. The premises oc- cupied, at 175. Dundas Street, comprise a soa- cious building three stories in height, with a com mo (1 i o u s store, fully stock- ed with a choice variety of popular terature, which includes both ancient and mod- ern classical, bio- graphical, histor- ical, scientific and artistic works, as well as books of fiction, romance, poetry and religion, which are offered at most reasonable prices. This firm are also- agents for Stafford's celebrated inks, which they keep in every variety and color. They have a large assortment of Bibles of all sizes and at all prices, as well as hymn books, prayer books, and special works- for Sunday school libraries and prizes. Their stock of fancy goods comprises an elegant array of articles^ of practical utility and adornment, suitable for weil- ding and birthday gifts. They carry a full line of stationery, plain and fancy, as well as legal and commercial, also blank books and office sundries. They hold the agency for Valentine & Co. 's photo- graphs of Old Country scenery, which to the many residents of (ireat Britain here must indeed prove a welcome boon. Messrs. Anderson and Co. import all their stationery direct, and selling on small margins, they are enabled to quote prices no other house can beat. They make a specialty of the REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN G8 lat the book Cf. There is- le house than : of coiigraln- the cause of ;he literature ch forms the ling matter of ay isfar supe- in character ampared with of a few years Messrs. es L. Ander- & Co.. the )rietorsofthis rprise, have 1 engaged in branch oi in- ry for the last en years, and he use of the t effective and geticbusiness- ;hods have c e e d e d in Iding up a e connection hich they may y be proud, one which bear favor- comparison 1 that of any bed house in crn Canada, premises oc- ed, at 175. das Street, )rise a spa- building stories in ht, with a a mo (1 i o u s , fully stock- ith a choice ty of popular iture, which u d e s both nt and mod- lassical, bio- hical, histor- ell as books n, which are (irm are also- ch they keep ave a large prices, as pecial works Their stock ay of articles ble for wed- full line of ■IS legal and ce sundries, [^'o. 's photo- lo the many leed prove a Co. import ; on small L's no other ally of the " Leader " file, the " Eclipse " Letter-copying Press, Anderson's Calendar Pad, "Shannon"anil "(ilobe' files. To the careful and judicious management of Mr. Anderson is due the ]>resent success of this enter- prise, which in its line may justly be ranked as the leading house of the "Forest City." Beooher Brothers, Manufacturers and Dealers in Hot Air Furnaces, 245 Dundas Street. — Manu- facturing enterprises of modern times have embraced many features of practical utility, but none which deserve higher merit or consideration than those which relate to the home, its pleasures and con- veniences. Amongst these may be mentioned the specialty to which Messrs. Beecher Bros, are devoted in the manufacture of Henderson's Home Hot Air Furnaces. This important establishment dates its inception back to the year 1868, when it was started by the present proprietors. Since that time the fame of these furnaces has become widespread ; they are now in use in every part of the Dominion, from New Brunswick to British Columbia, and there is a steadily increasing demand for them. These furnaces are constructed upon the most improved sanitary as well as eomomical principles, and are adapted to buildings of every class, and are especially adapted for private houses. They keep the rooms at an even temperature throughout ; they are easily managed, there is no dust or smoke connected with them, and they are in every way most durable. The premises occupied by Messrs. Beecher I!ros are located at 245 Dundas Street, where they conduct alive business as manutac'.urers and wholesale dealers in Hender- ' son's Home Hot Air Furnaces, as well as the Boynlon Wood Furnaces. Fmiiloynient is here given to six skilled hands, the building being 70x15 feet in dimensions. Too high jiraise cannot be given to these excellent products ; they have only to be tried to make their merits sufficiently patent to all, and a vast number are now in use. The Messrs. Beecher Bros, are natives of this country, and the success which has attended this enterprise is but a deserved tribute to the zeal and energy of these gentlemen. d. Friend, Baker and Confectioner, 117 Dundas Street.— The industry of the baker and confectioner is in all communities a most imjiortant one, as sup- plying a commodity necessary for our daily subsistence. In this line we have a prominent and thoroughly representative house in that of Mr. J. Friend, whose establishment, located at 117 Dundas Street, is worthy of more than a passing notice. This business was established by its present enterprising proprietor some four years ago, who has, from a com])aratively small scale, built up his present substantial and satis- factory trade. The business is both wholesale and retail ; a handsome store, centrally located between Talbot and Richmond Streets, with a frontage of 20 feet on Dundas Street, serving for the retail depart- ment. The stock carried is complete in every detail and of the best quality, to which m no small measure is due his extended trade. Mr. Friend caters for all kinds of suppers, wedding breakfasts and banquets ; and personally superintending all departments, patrons of this house may rely on everything being done in first-class style. The wholesale trade is re.iching large proportions, a result due to honest dealing and careful attention to the wants of his many customers. Mr. Friend is a native of the Old Country, but has been a resident of this city for a number of years, where he is regarded as a substantial business man, and one who can be relied upon, in all commercial j transactions, to give satisfaction to those who trade : with this house. William D. MoOiOChlen, Jeweller, etc., 179 Dundas Street. — In all the wide range of industrial enterprise there is no industry of greater importance than that of watches and jewellery. In this line we have many of our leading merchants and citizens engaged, amongst whom we have a leading and repre- sentative establishment in that conducted by Mr. W. D. Mclildghlon. Ever since its foundation this house has enjoyed a large and steady trade. The premises occupied at 179 Dundas .Street are large and comii 'dious, and contain a most complete and varied stock of watches, jewellery, clocks and fancy goods of all descriptions, at prices to suit all. As a manufacturer, Mr. McCJloghlon is prepared to execute all orders, perfect in linish and chaste in design, and hp.s facilities for turning out the best work in this line. Diamond setting is made a prominent specialty, and a greater diversity is made here than at any contemiioraneous establishment. Enamelling, chas- ing and engraving, are carried on in the highest style known to modern art. For extent, variety and elegance of watches, jewellery, plate, diamonds and fine goods carried in stock, this house will compare favorably with any similar one in western Ontario. Every article necessary for a really first-class jewel- lery store is here to be found. Watches are cleaned, repaired and warranted to give every satisfaction, and that at the most moderate cost. As a watch- maker, Mr. McCloghlon stands pre-eminently alone in the city, his establishment being the only one in Canada where all the several parts of a watch are made. The workmanship is of the finest nature, and Mr. McGloghlon is possessed of every facility in the shape of the most improved and modern ma- chinery for turning out work of this nature. Mono- grams and casts are cut in all kinds of precious stones, and special attention is ])aid to repairing of every description. Mr. McGloghlon is a thorough practical watchmaker of many years' experience. He devotes his entire attention to the general business of the house, besides exercising a superintendence and management over the mechanical department of the business. Jl 04 CifY OF LONDON ;i i John H. Ohapman & Co., Importers of Dry (loods, etc., 126 Diinilas Street. I'rDiiiiiient aiiiont; llu! dry ^;oo(ls merchants of this city arc Messrs. Joiiii II. Chapman iX; Co. This house was estahlisheil in 1S79, an excellent trade havini; since been built up, which now ranks among the first of its kind in the city. The premises are commodious, beinj; 150 feet deep and thiee stories in hcii;ht, the lirst llat being devoted to a sumptuous array of small wares, dress gooils, silks, sal ins, staple goods, collars, ILuinels, tWieds, etc., and on the second Hal are the tailoring, millinery and nKinlle manuf.jcturing departments, where competent artisUs and cutters are employed. In the u..»ntle department, which will compare favor- ably with any in the city, the stock is large, rich and varied, including wrap-, dolmans and long and short jackets. A specially n made of dress goods and mantles, being in the ii'west designs, and after the most approved mode. The goods are imported an expensive All the recjui- L- art rooms of Street. This i a true artist, stel portraits, vhile, 1)V the >n an enviable ronagc in the man has been >aiiiter for the 1 '' ' e has ;.i s of )or- niny I . theii isman, who is te his charges, of his work, dr. Grossman s residence in nself and his >78 and 280 il. — Amongst :alional insti- ege is entitled was founded thus in its years it has lan, a gentle- le important 20 yeais in for teachers professions, the college till at the f 103 pupils le object of a thorough ^s life. Its amongst the rs and busi- ivileges and Jihers. The orough and iictic, rapid espondence, iiions by the ing, lessons telegraphy, Ir. Cadman las a power- required to : awarded to il)fd exami- lant branch its depart- s. from this 1 lucrative appointments. The terms, considering the great advantages oflere R< Sotirsmi Domiiiinii Detective, 58 Dunclns Street.— In the l-m^ array of legal functionaries which are necessary in the interests of justice, the office of detective must be regarded as n primary and import- ant OP' md is one which to he conducted successfully requires more than ordinary perspicuity and great natural aliilily. Few histories arc more teeming with interest and thrilling adventure than that of the detective ; liy his aid and skill, and oftentimes working on the most slender of threads, the avenging hand ol justice has been able to bring the perjietralors f)f many a foul and black murder to reap that fate they have so rightly deserved. In this line we have in London a thoroughly representative and intelligent detective officer in .\Ir. II. R. .Schram, who under- takes all business entrusted to him in this line, either in the criminal or as a private detective. In this latter department Mr. Schram has a staff of thor- oughly reliable and experienced assistants, and all matters of whatever kinds are promptly attended to with secrecy and dispatch. Mr. Schram has agents and representatives in all parts, and has earned for himself the reputation of a careful, shrewd and painstaking officer, who allows no clue for the work- ing up of a case to escape him. This ollice was established in 1861 by the present proprietor. Mr. Schram is a native of Canada, and is well and favorably known in the " Forest City." donas ft Wallf Auction and Commission Mer- chants, 242 Dundas .Street. —Amongst the represen- tative classes that go 10 make up o\ir commercial fabric, that of the auctioneer and commission mer- chant forms no unim|)ortant part. In this line of business we have a thoroughly representative firm in that of Messrs. Jones cV Wall, the well-known auction and commission merchants. These gentle- men in 1885 purchased the interests of Messrs. Manville it Co., and have since then done a large busintss and established a wide connection. Tliey are both thoroughly efficient auctioneers, p/ipular in their profession, and may be thoroughly relied upon to obtain the best figure procurable for property or goods entrusted to them for public sale. They have conducted some important sales within the last year or two, and some heavy transfers of real estate at auction have been managed by them ; thus as auctioneers and commission merchants they have, by thorough careful management, coupled with upright and honorable dealing, been enabled to build up a first-class line of customers and a trade connection which is gradually extending. Messrs. Jones iV Wall also act as real estate agents, valuators, etc., and in this line they have had ripe and varied experience, and in land, farming stock, implements and other goods, their valuations may unhesitatingly be received as very near the mark. They are pre- pared to un of wide experience in the business, having been twenty- years connected with it ; and prior to commencing on : his own account, he travelled for Mr. B. A. Mitchell, who at one time carried on the largest drug business I in western Ontario. Mr. Kennedy, who is a native of London, is energetic and enterprising. He is a i thorough man of business, and enjoys a first-class 1 reputation for honorcble dealings. REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MENi fi7 eiU in consiii- oiirces of the ale nnd l)eer, vide this ninit if Mr. James business 27 e(|iienlly as a e now chiefly [rain. In ihe ally of luanii- fine (|uahiy. iiyinj; in larije ing ihf best tion to extra h as 100,000 at 225 York ;speciaiiy fine :e, Mr. .Slater heese, a com- r, not only at The facilities and its success In addition i on a {general merchandise, ■arehouses are s a native of lis country for n prominently f the "Forest olesale Drug- 142 Richmond ii, and within a trade has house in the an immense ^ extensively the United ine of patent d American 'jiglish ,ind orn, dressing in Aberdeen, ish, German, ye stuffs, and A specialty Mousson's ny. Messrs. the Scottish ose far-famed rge slock of. edy's Herbal incily's Com- Kennedy's Candy, and ise, all wel) arkel. The firm employ ntcd on the sc, which has ih, is devoted James A. s a gentleman ; been twenty mmencing on A. Mitchell, Irug business o is a native ig. He is a i a first-class Th« London Loan Oompuny, of Canada, Albion Itlock, 4jj Richmond .Street, Kew loan companies in Canada have enjoyed the same ratio ot increase in bu.siness as the London Loan Co'npany. Incorporated in 1877, the permanent stock has incrrascil from $129,400 in that year to $548,550 in 1885; in loans, from $199,952 to $1,119,248; in deposits, from $39i38l to $442,965 ; and in reserve, from $15,129.65 10 $50,000. These figures speak for lliL-mselves. During the year 1885 nearly a million of dollars passed through the hands of the ('ompany in excess of the amouiil during Ihe |)receding year, while the increase in savings bank deposits was nearly $200,000. The availatile capital lias always been judiciously invested, anil the cash value of mortgages is now $1,119,248.74, being an increase of $260,000 over that of 1884. Up to the close of the year 1885, the total assets of the Company were $1,157,424.96. Notwithstanding the volume of business enjoyed by this Coin|>any, losses are all but unknown. Loans are effected on mortgages, muni- cipal debentures and Government bonds, but the care exercised by this Company in the examination of the nature and extent of security offered for loans on mortgages, is so thorough that a loss through negligence or want of proper examinrtion and care amounts to an impossibility. The funds are judi- ciously invested, and it may be mentioned that none of them aie in Manitoba or the North-West. Satisfactior having been given on an application, there is no financial institution more i)ronipt in its negotiations, effecting the same at moderate rates, and treating the borrower with every consideration. Thus confi- dence and business have been secured, both on account of the financial stability of iheConijiany, and its fair dealings with applicants for loans. Tlu- Directors are Afessrs. Thomas Kent, President: James Owrey, Vice-President; Thomas MeCormicU, George D Sutherland, f. A. Nelles, M.D., R. W. I'uddicombe and Andrew WeKlon. The Solicitors are Messrs. (iibbons, McNab, Mulkern and Harper, and the Bankers, the Merchants Hank of Canadn, The Manager is Mr. Malcolm J. Kent, a gentleiiinn ot energy, experience and general financial ability, and the directors of this prominent institution may well be congratulated upi n the success of the Com- pany. lead |)ipes anil boilers. Mr. Clrcenaway is energetic, a thorough man of business, practical and experi- enced in his trade. He i8 well known in London and held in high esteem. O. MoOalluntf Wholesale and Retail Druggi.st, 125 Dundas Street, and Market Scpiare. — Mr. Mc- Callum, who conducts a leading drug trade in the city and the largest retail store in the Dominion, began business 22 years ago in .St. Mary's, carrying on a retail trade only. Thirteen years ago he removed to London, when he became a wholesale and retail druggist, etc. Mr, McCalliim imports in very large <|uantities Hritish and foreign goods direct from the manufacturers, carrying a well selected slock, which I James Oroenaway, Steam and Hot Water Heating, Engineer, Plumber, etc., 244 Dundas Street. — Modern invention has ere ted for the plumber new fields of labor. At one ' me plumbing pure and simple and bell-hanging ,oniprehended pretty nearly all the |)luniber undertook to do. To cope with the progress of the times, he must now devote himself to a number of diverse iMranches, namely steam heating, hot water heating and venti- lating, and such like, which come more within the province of the engineer than the plumber. This i business, therefore, requires much skill. Mr. Green- | i.way, who has had 23 years' practical experience, and ! who was the first to introduce hot water heating into London, certainly meets the demands imposed upon ] him, as his trade, which is already a large one, is constantly increasing. Mr. Greenaway is largely 1 employed in fitting up steam and hot water heating apparatus, gas-fitting and bell-hanging, making a ; specialty of steam and hot water heating apparatus, \ in which he is claimed to be the oldest and most | experienced in the city. He keeps constantly on j hand a complete stock of plumbers' goods, including j gas fixtures, chandeliers, globes, all kinds of iron and I embraces full and complete lines of drugs, patent medicines, chemicals and druggists' sundries. A specialty is made of refined coal oil, lamp chimneys, wicks and burners. Mr. McCalluin also carries a large and excellent stock of wines and liquors, being the popular brands, which he imports ; he handles native wines as well. In these goods the trade is exclusively wholesale. The whole stock in trade is ofexrellen.' quality and complete in every depart- ment, and buyers will find it to their advantage to see Mr. McCallum's stock. The trade, which is a large one and continues growing, extends throughout western Ontario ; and on the road this house is represented by three travellers. The warehouse, which extends from Dundas .Street to Market Square, is 140 feet deep and five stories high, the whole being devoted to stock. This is exclusive of cellar room elsewhere in the city. In the store are employed fifteen hands, where on shelves aliout 140 feet long are arranged innumerable drug bottles, enough to bewilder even the initiated ; there is no other such display anywhere in the Dominion. Mr. McCallum is widely known to the trade, and is deservedly popular, bearing an honorable reputation. «8 CITY OF LONDON *'9n.'i: :;Hr London and Petrolea Barrel Works, Siin- coe Street. — Among those establishments which have conttibutef. much toward giving London importance must be numbered the London and Petrolea Harrel Works. There are few, if there be one, of the industrial enterprises of this city whose relations and enterpri.'ie are of more significance than that of the manufacture of barrels and kegs, which are used in every department of industrial pursuit. In this line the London and Petrolea I iirrel Works take primary rank in the Dominion, both from the magnitude of their enterprise and thp .uperior (juality of their pro- ducts. The factories, oftices and warehouses of this Coi.ipany are located on .Simcoe .Street, near Rectory, and cover three acres of ground, giving pniploymenl to some sixty hands, a number which in periods of special activity has often to he materially increased. The factory is equipped with .tII the best wood- working and labor-saving machinery necessary to produce the wares here manufactured, these appli- ances having been imported from the United States. Five spacious drying kilns, on an improved and rapid system, have a capacity of 20,000 staves and head- ings at a time, while the steam boxes hold 12,000 This Company undertakes orders for beer kegs or barrels of any size, and is prepared to deliver any quantity of work required within a short time and upon the most reasonable terms, while the Companv bt)th buys and sells staves, timlierand bolts, and makes a .';eneral line of every description of tight and slack cooperage. They have a capacity of about 2,000 tight barrels a week, and about 3,000 ordinary bar- rels, turning out everything in the line from the largest hogshead down to the smalleft keg, as well as beer, cider, vinegar, lard, flour, apple, pork and oil barrels. A new feature recently unii'^rtaken by this Company is the manufacture of syrup barrels, in which they are now doing a substantial trade. Tiie interior arrangements of this important enterprise are all systematically arranged, and the works conducted on etfective and economical principl .s, the exhaust steam from the steam boxes being utiljr.ed to heat the water in the tank before it goes into the boiler, thereby saving an expenditure of fuel. A large ware- house provides for the storage of manufactured goods, and is connected by a siding with the Grand Trunk, as many as ten carloads being shipped in a day. The trade of the Company is widely extended in all parts of the Dominion, while their products cannot be sur- passed in any country. The gentlemen at the head of this concern are Messrs. Henry Taylor, John Foorestal and William Ilockin. Mr. Taylor is well known in mercantile circles in the " Forest City," and is an able financier, while Messrs. Foorestal and Hockin are practical coopers, and have a thorough knowledge of all the departments of their business. The high standing which this Company enjoys in all commercial communities is the natural result of a business career characterized by the strictest devotion to the highest principles of mercantile integrity. Hasolgrove & Jones, Cigar Manufacturers, 83 Dundas Street.- -Among the enterprising business establishments of this city, whose operations are worthy of record in a work devoted to the commer- cial and manufacturing interests of this portion of Western Ont.nrio, is that of Messrs. Haselgrove & Jones, manufacturers of fine cigars. Their manufac- tory is located on an upper flat at 83 Dundas .Street, where they give employment to nine experienced workmen. The cigars mariufactured by this firm are from carefully selected leaf, and many of their brands are received with the utmost approval by the Iiest judges of tobacco in the city and surrounding country. The most popular and in general request are the celebrated "Puck" cigar, and the "Tom, Dick and Harry." In conseq\ience of the excellent and standard quality of the cigars here prepared for market, this firm have an established tr.ide, chiefly through the norttiern an.l western portions of Ontario, and often fiml the , Fruit and Commission Mer- chants, 182 Dundas Street. — Among the natural and productive resources of Can.ida fruit plays no unim- portant part, and in this line a large trade is canied on, while the importation of foreign fruits forms a connecting branch. Messrs. Cleghorn A Co., who are actively engaged in the fruit business, established their business in 1885 as wholesale fruit and com- mission merchants. Their premise s are located at 182 Dundas Street, and comprise a large sore, 20x60 feet in dimensions, where is carried a full stock of foreign and domestic fruits of all descriptions ; they aN' 'eal in fish, and in both lines their house ':.; regardea .is a leading and thoroughly representative one. Their trade in the v.holesale line is a large one, and they hip to all parts of Western Ontario. As commissi' 111 merchants they handle large quantities of fruit, buying and selling, receiving and distribulirg from and in all dire"tioiis. Nothing'is neglected,, and those forming trade relations with this house are induced to continue on account of their promptness and accurate business policy. The membership of this firm is composed of Mr. Robert Cltghorn and Mr. F'rank Boyden, who are both young merchants of 7i'al and energy. Mr. Cleghorn is a native of T into, where members of his family conduct a very large business in a similar line. Prior to entering on cominerical life he was in the service of the (jrand Trunk Railway. J> Callard, Druggist, etc., 390 Richmond Street. — The profession of the druggist is one which operates effectively, in lime of need, in arresting and allexi- ating the most acute pain^- and ailments to which the human body is heir, and therefore deserves the most thankful and appreciative con ideration on the part of the public. Amorgst the old established and representative drug stores of the city is that now conducted by Mr. J. Callard. This gentleman has for some years been engageil in the |)harmac''ulical profession, and now occupiesa fine and well appointed store at 390 Richmond Street, opposite the City Hall. This estai)lishment, which is located in the heart of the commercial sec:ion of the city, with premises admirably adapted for its ira le, Hates its inception back to some twenty years, having been founded by Mr. W. II. Robinson, passing into the hands of the present proprietor four years ago, under whose able management the biisiness of the house has materially increased. The sttre, which is a hand- somely appointed one, is fully sncked wi'.h a ciioice selection of drugs, chemicals, and the most popular of pavent medicines, as well as toilet articles and the necessary appurtenances of a really fir:.tclass estab- lishment. Special attention is paid to the prescription department ; nhysician'a and family prescri|-*:ons being compounded with care, accuracy and dispatch. In connection with this establishment Mr. Callard also carries on the Flavoring Extract business, C- F. Knlsht, Surgeon Dentist, 192 Dundas ' Street. - -Among the leading dentists of London who have availed themselves of all the modern im'piove- I ments in this branch is the office of Mr. C. 1''. ' Knight. This gentleman has now been established in business for the last six months, his premises being located at lrj2 Dundas .Street, comprising operating rooms aid reception parlors, with every accessory needfi.'. to the comfort and convenience of , patrons. In extracting teeth anivsthetics are admin , istered if desired, and painless operations are guar- anteed. Mr. Knight makes every description of I artificial teeth, set in gold, silver and platinum. This gentleman has a chemical laboratory in connec- tion with his business, a laboratory which is com- j plets in all its departments. Mr. Knight, who is ' thoroughly experienced in all the intricacies of his , profession, is a iiiei' dlist and graduate of the Royal ' Cclk'ge Dental Surgeons of Ontr.r'o, and he has the : sole right 10 use in London Hurd's I'atent Vitalized ] Air Apparatus, which the highest ^ledical and chemical authorities pronounce to be the safest and best anx'sthetic yet discovered, no disagreeable sen- sations accomp.mying its use, is with ether or chloro- form, and no sickness or injurious result^ lollow. A specialty is made of artificial sets of teeth of finest make, and costing but $8.00. Mr. Knight is a native of Bryant's Pond, .State nf Maine, and for I some years conducted a prominent dental estabiish- : ment at New Vork ; he has now b< fn established I here for the last six months, during v.hich ti' - he ' has gained for himself as a skilled opcrativf dc:.tist, I a wide and steadily increasing reputation. 70 CITY OF LONDON •I Smith Brothers, Plumbers and Gas Fitters, 389 Clarence Street.— The trade of the phimber and gas fitter is.oue of primary importance and sij^nificance in every home, and too much stress cannot be laid upon the necessity of procuring the best of workman- ship in connection therewith. Among the leading houses in London engaged extensively in this impor- tant pursuit may be mentioned that ot the Messrs. Smith Brothers, which was originally established the work being strong, durable and of neat execu- tion. All repairing and general jobbing work is promptly attended to, while a specialty is made of scientific horse-shoeing. Mr. Ileaman is a native of Dolton, Devonshire, but has been a resident of this city for the last 15 years, during which time he has been prominently ielentified with the growth and progress of London. He was Councillor for four year- for London East, and Deputy- Ueeve for one year for the county of Middlesex, till the time of the amalgamation of London East with the city, and has since represented No. 5 Ward as Alderman. All these appointments Mr. Heaman has filled with honor and credit to himself and with satisfaction to his fellow-citizens. He is a gentleman highly re- spected in all communities, and it is due to his own energy and enterprise that he has built up so substan- tial and satisfactory a business. some two years ago at 389 Clarence Street, where the ' business has been since conducted, showing d\iring ' that period a most gratifying success. They do j every description of plumbing, fitting up stores, pri- j vate residences and public buildings in the most thorough and workmanlike manner. They make a leading specialty in the mechanical line of plumbing, gas fitting, steam and furnace heating apparatus, and ! carry in stock the most complete assortment of fine gas fixtures, chandeliers and brackets to be found in the city, as well as all varieties of plumbers' materi- I als and plain and fancy articles pertaining to this j line, such as brass gouds, iron or lead piping, force , or lift pumps, hydraulic rams and water motors. Their stock of sanitary earthen-ware is a most com- plete one ; they have all sizes of baths and boilers, ard their show-room will compare with any in a similar concern in Western Ontario. At the various local and Provincial fairs they secured twenty prizes and diplomas. These gentlemen are also agents for the "Standard" lager beer machines, which are in ', great request, and are used by nearly all the leaiiing hotel keepers in the city, also of the "air pressure" pumps. The Messrs. Smith Bios, are thorough practical plumbers, conversant with all the details of the business, and as energetic merchants, have justly merited the flattering success which has attended their enterprise since its inception. Oeorge Heaman, Carriage and Waggon , Builder, 15 Lyie Street. — Among the comprehensive j industries of London the manufacture of carriages , and waggons occupies a prominent position. In j this line we have several prominent firms and indi- ' viduals engaged, amongst whom due recognition | must be given to Mr. George Heaman, who is act- ; ively engaged as a carriage and waggon builder, and also controls a horse-shoeing and jobbing shop. This comprehensive concern was established by the i present proprietor in 1875. His premises are [ located on Lyle Street, and comprise a blaclcsmiih's I shop, two stories in height, 22x40 feet in dimensions, ' and a wood and trimming shop, 22x40 feet in size, ! while employment is given to .some five or six experi- enced workmen. As a carriage and waggon builder the products of this establishment can compare favorably with those of any similar establishment, William Miiroy, Artist, 550^^ Richmond St.- There is no better evidence of refined taste in the home than the presence of paintings. To be an accomplished and successful painljr requires years of study, thorough training and much assiduous labor, all of which have been gone through by Mr. William Milioy, the gentleman who now forms the subject of this sketch. Mr. Miiroy has an elegantly fitted art gallery and studio at 550^ Richmond Street, where the public are cordially invited to call and see speci- mens of his work. This gallery, 50x20 feet in dimensions, contains ujiwards of one hundred pieces, comprising landscapes, figure pieces, animals, por- traits, fruit and fiowers, all choic specimens of art, the result of his untiring study and practice of his profession. This gallery is open free to the pub- lic every evening. Mr. Miiroy makes a specialty of portrait painting, from life or photograph, and animal painting, and in this department he ha> a justly de- rerved reputation ;|these he executes in oil, water color or crayon, and that to at the most reasonable terms consistent with the high character of the work. Mr. Miiroy established his ait gallery in 1882, and gives lessor : in oil, water color, crayon, flower painting, pencil drawing and sketching from nature. He is a native of this country, and has been a resident of London for twenty-five years. 0> F. Ryder, Family Butcher, corner Gray and Clarence Streets. — Though but comparatively re- cently established, yet the widely extended trade of Mr. G. F. Ryder, and the thorough reliability of all meats kept in his store, have gained for him in the butchery business a well deserved rejuitation, and entitle him in this volume to due representation. This business was established by him in 1883, and has since then enjoyed a large antl steadrly increasing trade. In this line of business he is thoroughly experienced ; he is a capital judf^e of stock, and both buys on the market and kills himself, requiring for the purpose of his large and widely-extended trade, four to five head of large cattle and 15 to 20 of sheep, calves and hogs per week. His premises are situ- ated at the corner of Gray and Clarence Streets, and comprise a two-storied building, 16x25 feet in dimensions, with a work-shop in the rear, Orders are promptly attended to and delivered to all parts of the city. Mr. Ryder is a native of Hertfordshire, England, has been in this city foi the last 15 years, and does all he can to accommodate and meet the wants of his many patrons. REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 71 neat execu- ling work is is made of s a native of resident of lich time he growth and lior lor four ;eve for one e time of the :ity, and has irman. All ; filled with itisfaction to n hnghly re- ; to his own p so substan- imond St. — taste in the To be an lires years of Juous labor, Mr. William le subject of tly fitted art Itreet, where id see speci- X 20 feet in id red pieces, nimals, por- specimens of 1 practice of ■ to the pub- specialty of , and animal . a justly de- water color nable terms work. Mr. and gives er painting. He is a resident of r Gray and ratively re- d trade of bilily ofall him in the ation, and L'sentation. 1883, and increasing thoroughly k, and both liring for clod trade, o of sheep, are situ- ce .Streets, ;2 5 feet in r. Orders ) all parts tfordshire, 15 years, meet the G. R. Somcrvllle, Manufacturer of I'uper and Fancy Boxes, 644 Dundas Street E. — The manufac- ture of paper boxes in Canada is an industry of considerable magnitude, as it is one of very great importance. This country offers a large and inviting field to the successful paper box manufacturer, as that article is so extensively used throughout the whole of Canada. Among its progressive industries London includes that of box manufacturing, repre- sented by Mr.C.R. Somerville, who, notwithstanding that he commenced operations only in May of this year, is already so busily employed that with a force of twenty skillful hands he finds himself in the possession of all the work he can possibly turn out. Among tlje goods manufactured in this establishment we might mention the following : Confectionery, bis- cuit, millinery, jewellery, druggists' goods, band boxes, corsets, hardware, brushes, envelopes, condi- tion powder, bird seed, bottle cartons of all descrip- tions, slide boxes, tea caddies and canisters, egg crates, etc. Mis specialties are tea caddies, confec- tioners' boxes, folding end boxes, and druggists' goods. Another article that Mr. Somerville manufactures, and for which he has a very large trade, is an impervious box for druggists' use ; thi^ preparation is made under a patent, and is the only thing that absolutely fills this want in the drug business. In make, finish and durability, the boxes manufactured by Mr. Somer- ville are without a superior in this Province, if not in Canada ; hence his large and rapidly increasing trade. Mr. .Somerville is a young man, energetic and thoroughly competent ; and has proved that he has the confidence of the public where he is best known by being elected to the position of a member of the London Board of Education and other positions of trust he now holds in the city. We therefore have no hesitation in saying that he is deserving of all the patronage he already enjoys in this new line of busi- ness, and of still greater success in the future. Alaxandet Smith, Manufacturer of Carnage Hardware, 346 Wellingion Street. — There are few cities, with equal rank in a comn.ercial point of view, which can present an equal number of manufacturers. Among the important enterprises of London is the establishment of Mr. Alexander Smith, which was founded by its present proprietor in 1871, and has now established business relations all over the coun try. This house does .i, very la^ge business in carriage and waggon goods, and all kinds ol gear usually found in a first-class wholesale establishment of this kind are to be met with here. In certain specialties the trade is the largest of any similar establishment in the Province. The manufactory, located on Wellington .Street, is a substantial two- storied building, 27x75 feet in dimensions, and com- prises three forges, a steam hammer and trimming press, and other necessary machinery for furnishing goods. The motive power is gained by a 6 horse- power engine and a boiler of 10 horse-power, while the machinery is all of the most modern and ap- jiroved kind, and some seven hands are kept con- stantly employed. They manufacture the Buffalo road waggon gear, which couibines the ease and com- fort of an Elliptic spring, together with the beauty of a side-bar waggon. These gears are all fitted with the best graduated cast-steel springs, at.d 'he material and workmanship are of the very best. The cele- brated Tirpken side-bar waggon scarcely needs de- scription, the merits of the springs of this famous inventor being so well known. Those manufac- tured by Mr. Smith are guaranteed to be the l)est in quality and finish of any now offered to the trade. They are m.ide in two grades, and all the iron, bolts and clips are made of the best Norway iron. The Elliptic end-spring buggy gear is well known to all carriage builders. It is firished with light but strong double-drop reach, which allows the body to be hung very low. Only graduated crucible cast-steel springs are used on these gears, thus insuring ease of motion. This gear with single reach is also made at this manufactory, and is the best end-spring gear now offered to. the trade. Mr. Smith also manufac- tures Clark tV Easton's single perch side-bar irons, drop perch gear irons of Timken's patent, finished body steps, and any article in the line of carriage hardware. AH goods are of the best execution and finish, and warranted for strength and durability. The prices charged will bear favorable comparison with those of a^iy similar establishment in Canada, while the trade of the house extends as far east as Montreal, and circulates widely throughout the Province of Ontario. In connection with this indus- try Mr. Smith received first prize at Toronto, Guelph and London in 1883, for fifth wheels, clip king-bolts and Timken gear irons ; also diploma for carriage gears, and bronze medal for carriage hardware at Guelph, 1883, and first prize at Toronto and London, 1884, for carriage hardware and diploma for gears. Mr. Smith is a native of Paisley, Scotland, but nas been a resident of t'lis city for the last quarter of a century, where h' »nay be justly entitled to prominent recognition as one of the representative business men of the "Forest City." Thomas Oillean, Watchmaker, Jeweller, etc., 395 Richmond Street.— Among the list of industries prominent in our city and country that of watch- making and jewellery takes a high position, and !n this line we have many well-known citizens engaged. A representative jewellery establishment of the "Forest City," and one that will compare favorably with that of any contemporaneous establish- I inent, is that of Mr. Thomas Gillean. This establish- ment dates its inception back to the year 1869, since when it has by the energy, zeal and business abilities of its proprietor, pushed itself into the very first rank of jewellery establishments. Owi^g to the rapid increase in the trade of the house, enlarged premises j ivere necessary. Mr. Gillean accordingly moved ] some three years ago to his present (luarter."-,. where ■ he enjoys every facility for the prosecution o<" this ' important business. Mr. Gillean imports direci irowi ; the European and American markets, and is e.iablcd I to cater to the most fastidious tastes of the public. The premises utilized l)y Mr. Gillean are situated at i 395 Richmond .Street, and comprise a large and handsomely appointed store ; the building is three stories in height, and steady employment is given to six experienced assistants. Repairing is made a specially and any kind of work is manufactured to order and in any desired style. Mr. (jillean carries a large variety of elegant jewellery, plate, diamonds and all kintis of fancy articles, in the most chaste of designs and beautifully finished, a specialty being made of both gold and silver watches, a varied assortment being kejit constantly on hand and all tastes as regards makes and prices can be ..uited. Mr. Gillean has had seventeen years' experience in this business, and all goods sold from his establish- ment are guaranteed as represented. This gentle- man is a native of this city, where he is widely and favorably known. - W7WWT'~, Importers of Fancy Dry Goods, 236 Dundas Street. — Among the dry got ds establish- ments of this city doing a larg3 flt)urishing trade is that of Cash & Co. This house was established in 1867, the present firm succeeding to the business in 1884. The store is 75 feet deep and three stories in height, and the trade carried on necessitates the employment of fifteen hands. These gentlemen are Thorbbrn, G -or^r' js and Provisions, corner King and Ridout Streets. — Amongst the recent establishments opened in the " Forest City " engaged in this indu^ must be mentioned that of Mr. John A. Thorburn, who commenced business some few weeks ago at the corner of King and Ridout Sis., where, for the purposes of his trade, he occupies two { spacious and well appointed flats, fully stocked with I a choice selection of general groceries and provisions, I while a specialty is made of teas, coffees and spices, t all of best quality and purest blend, ,.sold at popular I prices, and every salisfac'.ion guaranteed. Mr. Thorburn also deals la.'r,ely in country produce, and in this line customers i ..y rely on being served with i the best of articles. The store now occupied by him has Ijeen altered and fitted up so as to meet the requirements of a superior grocery estal)lishment. I Though started but a short time, .Mr. Thorburn is already enjoying a good share of public patronage I and support, and as lie is a gentleman of keen busi- I ness ability, and keeps none but the best ef goods, his trade is bound to rapidly increase. Mr. Thor- ! burn is a native of this country, and is possessed of ; all the attributes necessary for commercial success. Oeuld Ir Strcffold, Plain and Ornamental Plasterers, 290 Dundas Street. — The cleanliness and , healthful appearance of the majority of Canadian , cities is the cause of much surprise to visitors fronr> the old countries, who have been habituated to the dingy and unwholesome colors of the squalid tene- , ments and smoke-begrimed mansions, to which they have been accustomed. The pleasing '.'xternal and internal appearance and comfort of Canadian houses is due to nnthing more or less than the liberal use of the plr.sterer's art ; and in making the city of Lon- don what it is in this respect, the firm of Messrs. Clould iS; Stratfold have done much to beautify and add to the general cleanly characteristics of this city. I These gentleman started a business in this line ten years ago, on King Street, but in 1884 they bought i out the interest of .Mr. F. Mcintosh, and now occupy spacious premises in the rear of 290 and 292 Dundas 1 .Street, where they have a large show room, where a choice collection of centre (lowers and obisier ornt.- ments is always kept on hand lor irsf i.ction by , architects, proprietors and builders. Ei ipioyment i,! given steadily to from 12 to 15 experienct i i ssistarits. [The work shop is 28x16 feet in size, , nd the yaid i 50x100 feet In this important branch M indu.stry I the establishnicnt so ably conducted by Messrs. Gould & Stratfcid is amongst the leading anil repre sentative houses >n this section of Ontari ), their business productions in centre fli>wers and urran ents being freely circulated throughout the Pmviice. These gentleman are natives of old London, and have been actively engaged in the city for nei.rly ' twenty years. With the correct business principles and efficiency with which this business is conducted, ^ it cannot tail to contribute largely to the convenience of a community, and to its own established prosperity. MoFairlana's Hotal, John R. Gosling, proprie- tor, corner King and Ridout Streets. — Among the ho'els in the western section of the city deserving ot patronage is Mc^^'arlane's Hotel, situated on the corner of King and Ridout Streets. It has 42 bed- rooms, with suites of rooms, and four parlors. The house i. heated by steam, lit with gas and well ventilated throughout, and there is every modern convenience. The bar is stocked with choice liquors and cigars, the reading room is a pleasant resort, and the dining room, which can accommodate some 70 guests, is all that could be desired. As an hotel for the farmers we know none better, and that the farmers are aware of the advantages it affords is evidenced by the fact that on market days it is literally crowded. There is stabling accommodation for 148 horses. # 78 OirV OF LONDON W««t«rn : Ontario Wateh, Oloek, and Opiloal Emporium, A. S. Murray & Co., 419 Richmond Street, I.ondon. — The industry in jewellery forms an important item in the list uf the commercial enterprises of this city and country, and as such deserves due representation in tliis work. An old established and reliable house in this line is that of Messrs. A. S. Murray cV Co., who carry on an ex- tensive business as importers of watches, diamonds and fine jewellery. This business was established in 1863, and has since then steadily maintained a widely extended reputation for the reliability and genuiness of all goods purchased there, all articles sold being guaranteed as rei)resente(l. The premises are located at 419 Richmond Street, and comprise a handsome store, 40x15 feet in size, where is always carried in stock a choice selection of the finest jewellery, English and American watches, clocks, rings and fancy articles of all kinds, as well as a varied assort- ment of silver and silver-plated ware. They import direct the finest of goods in all varieties. Their stock of silver and electro bronze clocks is especially noticeable, and they have a handsome selection of gold headed canes ; they are sole agents for the celebrated Columbus, Ohio, watches and clocks, and their stock of opera glasses and spectacles is especially fine. This firm are general agents in Western Ontario for Nachet & Kils, 17 Rue Saint Severin, Paris, F'rance, and have a complete set of their celebrated lenses for testing the sight ; parties with any affliction of the eye can be supplied with glasses to suit the sight. Persons having failed elsewhere should certainly call, examine and be convinced. For variety and elegance of jewellery, plate, diamonds and fine goods carried on hand, this house will com- pare favorably with any in Western Ontario, ^[r. Murray, who is of Scotch descent, has resided in London for the last 25 years. He is a thorough practical jeweller of long experience, and devotes his entire attention to the general business of his house, and satisfactorily provides lor the wants and tastes of his numerous customers. 9, Wooivorton, L.D.Si, Surgeon Dentist, 216 Dundas Street.— -Few, if any, industrial or pro- fessional pursuits have within the last few years made such rapid strides as that of the profession of dentistry. Among the leadingdentistsof London whohaveavailed themselves of all the modern improvements in this branch is Dr. S. Woolverton. This gentleman studied at the Toronto School of Dentistry, and graduated in 1871, starting business in the same year at Grimsby, wheieheremained till 1880, when hesettled in this city. Hisoperatingroomsand reception parlor at 2 16 Dundas Street are in constant use, and everything that can minister to the comfort and convenience of patrons has been brought into requisition. In extracting teeth anx'Sthetics are administered if desired, and painless operations are guaranteed. Filling with gold, amalgam or other compositions is also a speci- alty ; and the preservation of natural teeth, when practicable or possible, is made an important feature of the business. Artificial teeth are supplied by Dr. Woolverton on the most moderate of charges, and are warranted to give both comfort anil satisfaction. Dr. Woolverton is an eminent student of natural history, and frequently lectures on geology, and in this line he has one of the best private collections in the country. The study of natural history is one which must commend itself to all persons of refinement and culture. The preservation of various species of geo- logical curiosities or natural historical subjects is now made a special branch of industry, and whether applied to the purposes of science, or for the gratifi- cation and amusement of individuals, is alike in- structive and useful. Dr. Woolverton is a native of this country, has been a resident of our city for the last six years, and is justly entitled to recognition in the present volume as one of the representative pro- fessional men of London, and a naturalist of more than ordinary ability. Edy Brotliers, Photographers, 214 Dundas St. — The photographic art is an invention of the present century, and within the last twenty years improve- ments have been constantly made, so that photo- graphy now might be said to have reached its culmi- nating point. A firm of Canadian photographic artists, who have approached nearest to the ideal in this country, is that of Edy brothers, 214 Dundas .Street. At a late convention in Buffalo the New York 'J tmes sah\,in reviewing the exhibits of different photographers, that the work of Edy Brothers was very fine and of high artistic merit, and the Chicago Eye on the same occasion pronounced the specimens of this firm the finest ever seen from Canada. These gentlemen have received all the prizes at the London and Provincial P^xhibitions during the last nine years, being the period they have been in business in Lon- don. At the Toronto Photos' Convention in 1884, the judges pronounced their work the finest in Canada. Messrs. Edy Brothers make a specialty of plain and direct photography in half life and life size, water- color portraits and crayons. The studio and operating room is excellently e(iuipped with all accessories. They have a very large and varied assortment of backgrounds by L. W. Scavey, of New York, who is claimed to be the most eminent painter in the world of backgrounds ; and it may be mentioned that these gentlemen are constantly adding new backgrounds to their stock. The reception room of Messrs. Edy Brothers is a model of its kind, to which the term of "luxurious" might, with some aptness, be applied. To those wishing a truthful portrait, executed in first-class style, we would say "go to Edy Brothers." REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 7tf O. A. Orawfferd 4 Oe.. Wholesale Millinery and Fancy tjoods, 102 Dundas Street. — This house was established on January 1st, 1886, and throujjh able, energetic and experienced management, carry- ing an excellent stock of goods, and selling at close prices, a satisfactory trade has already been done, and a large increase in the near future is assured. Messrs. C. A. Crawford iV Co. import liritish, foreign and American goods of the finest (juality anil j of the latest design. They make a specially of 'feathers, flowers, ribbons, velvets, plushes, satins, silks, woollen goods, fancy shawls and fascinators. Buying for cash and selling at close prices, the trade will find it to their advantage to deal with this house. The quality of the goods is unsurpassed anywhere. The warehouse is large and commodious, l)eing 190 feet deep and four stories high, the two lower flats being devoted principally to storage, and the two upper to the millinery department, where skillful artisUs are employed. Mr. C. A. Crawford, the senior member, is a younjj man, fully alive to the wants of the trade. He is endowed with rare busi- mess ability, and is energetic and pushing. We iprcdict (or C. A. Crawford & Co. a successful career. Amo* Bradford, Wholesale and Retail Con- fectioner, 194 Dundas Street. —No city in Canada occupies so enviable a position as does London in the manufacture of confectionery. Not only is it very extensively carried on here, but the quality of the goods is such as to place them above all others. Among those prominently engaged in this industry here, and widely reputed for the purity and excellence ■of his goods, is Mr. Amos Bradford, of the Central ■Confectionery, located at 194 Dundas Street. This gentleman commenced business eleven years ago, and has since built up a splendid trade. Mr. Brad- ford manufactures all kinds of confectionery, making a specialty of cream candies, stick candy, horchounds, drops and chocolate creams. In connection herewith some eleven hands are constantly employed, inclu- ding a specialist for the fancy and ornamented con- fectionery. As a wed ^.v^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / o / <° €P. #. «.^

i 1.25 1.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► ^^ ^ /}. >>^ VI ^3 ^c*> el 'V^2;■ <^ ^-# ■» w om w Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) S/-? -4503 K'^ ,\ ^v \\ ^9) V ^^■^ '> ^ &x %^^ i I i 80 CITY OF LONDON McLaren & Fitzgerald, Surgeon Dentists, 194 Dundas Street. -Art and science have in recent years made most rapid strides, but in no direction has it been more mariced in its course and more beneficial in its results than in the profession of dentistry. Amongst those |irominently engaged in this profes- sion in the city of London are Messrs. McLaren (S: Fitzjiierald. This practice was established in 1876 by Mr. McLaren, who tliis year associated with him in partnership Mr. Fitzgerald. 15oth these gentle- men are graduates of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons, the senior partner having taken his degree in 1868 and Mr. Fitzgerald in 1886. The offices used are located over Bradford's confectionery store on Dundas 1 Street, where they have every convenience and appliance for successfully and scientifically pursuing their profession, with a laboratory complete in all its I departments. These gentlemen insert every descrip- j tion of artificial teeth, set in gold, silver and platinum, ' with a continuous artificial gum. Anasthelics are used with the best effect in extracting teeth, and under their able care may be administered equally safe to old and young ; filling i- done with neatness and dispatch, I and in every depirtment of their profession they are | thoroughly experienced, while they have every modern appliance for the ;;roper prosecution of the 1 dental science. Mr. Fitzgerald studied for two years ' under Dr. Nelles, and has had a large experience, i Those wishing anything done in the way of dental surgery may, with every confidence, consult Messrs. McLaren & Fitzgerald. Oea. R. Thompson, Importer of Diamonds, Watches and F'ino Jewellery, 421 and 423 Richmond Street. — It recpiires more than ordinary ability, com- bined with experience, to carry on successfully a business in watches and jewellery. Mr. Geo. K. Thompson, formerly of Winnipeg and Port Arthur, who has recently acquired the business of the old established house, 421 and 423 Richmond Street, has already given sufficient proof of the possession of the necessary qualifications. H'; is a young man, but he has the energy and ability, combined with practical experience, which ensure success. Mis establishment, which comprises two large stores, and is three stories high, is splendidly fitted up ; the cases are of solid mahogany and rosewood, elaborately carved in figures, flowers and fruit, and the great panels are filled with heavy plate-glass. All the fixtures are of the most ixpensive kind, of the most improved design, and fi.iished with much taste in every detail. The stock in trade, which is one of the largest in Canada, is of very fine quality ; included may be mentionei Co., Tailors and Gentle- men's i'\irnishers, 136 Dundas Street. — We live in an age when considerable significance — which few can artbrd to ignore — is attached to the ijuality and make of one's outer garments. To dress fashionably, to wear fine clothes, is no empty boast, nor docs it suggest any recollection of the much abused "dude," however intensely fashionable that individual is pro- verbially claimed ,0 be. To dress fashionably is to , in each oroughly land, hut 30 years. Beddome Ic Brown, General Insurance Agents, Albion Hlock. — Among the important agencies con- ducting this line of business in London, none are more deserving of mention and none more fully enjoy the confidence of the public than that of Messrs. Beddome & Brown. These gentlemen established this agency in 1850, and have tlieir offices in the Albion Block, where they have ample facilities and commodious quarters. The rates of the companies they represent are as low as any reliable company, and all losses are promptly adjusted. As these com- panies protect so large a portion of business men and •citizens, it may be well to notice briefly their chief characteristics for public favor. The Royal Insur- ance Company of England, with assets over $26,000,- 000, does the largest business in Canada ; the Western Assurance Co. , of Toronto, has a capital of $1 ,000,000, and does a general fire and marine business ; the Norwich Union Fire Insurance Societ;-, capital, $5,500,000; the Northern Assurance Co., of London and Aberdeen, accumulated assets, $12,000,000; Connecticut fire Insurance Co., of Hartford, capital, 1 $1,000,000; Agricultural Fire Insurance Co., of: Watertown, N.V., capital and assets nearly $2,000,- i 000, a purely dwelling-house company. In life insur- 1 ance, Messrs. Beddome cfe Brown represent the Mutual i Life Insurance Co., of N. V'., with assets over $110,000,000, and which is the largest fire insurance company in the world ; also the Travellers, 01"; Hartford ; the .Mutual Accident Association, Limited, of Manchester, England, accident and plate-glass. In the line of assurance, Messrs. Beddome & Brown have succeeded in building up a business which is now the leading one in London ; while the prompt- ness and satisfactory manner in which ail losses have been adjusted in all cases have established for this agency and the companies they represent a degree of confidence which correct business prin- ciples and probity alone could secure. Mr. Beddome was born in England, while Mr. Brown is a native of the United States. Both gentlemen are well known and highly esteemed in the *' Forest City." Amongst the number engaged in this pursuit is Mr. fames Johnston, who carries on an important bu.si- ness as a wholesale and retail dealer in fresh and salt meats. This branch of trade was established by the present proprietor in 1882, since which time his trade has steadily increased. His store, 23x30 feet in size, is located at 231 Wellington Street, where he has every facility for efficiently conducting his business. He purchases on the market and also kills himself, and being a thorough judge of stock, his patrons may rely on getting everything of the very best. He re- ceives country produce daily, and all orders will receive prompt attention and will be delivered to any part of the city. Mr. Johnston is a native of Kingston, Ont., and has been in this city for five years. Gardner It Olv*r, Printers, Bookbinders, Blank Book Manufacturers, etc., 292 Dundas Street. — Books form such an all-important industry in their various departments, that any enterprise in any way associated with their compiling and preservation is deserving of full recognition in a work of this kind. Amongst the prominent establishments devoted to printing and bookbinding must be mentioned that of .Messrs. Gardner it Olver. This business was estab- lished in 1883 by Mr. Gardner, and in the present year Mr. Olver became associated in the copartner- ship. The premises occupied are located at 292 Dundas Street, and comprise three spacious flats. '^^i^ James Perkin, Butcher, 265 Dundas Street.— Few, if any, industries have so import.-int a beaiing in our commercial fabric as that of the butcher, con- tributing as he does the very necessities of our tlaily life. Amongst the leading meat markets of the "Forest City" that of Mr. James Perkin is deserving of mention for the superior quality of meat always to lie obtained at his establishment. This house dates its inception to 1877, when it was started by the pre- sent proprietor, and has steadily since then main- tained its position amongst rival stores. Mr. Perkin ■deals in all kinds of fresh and salt meats, hams, tongues and country produce. His premises are situ- ated on 265 Dundas, near Wellington. He delivers to al! parts of the city, and orders are jiromptly and efficiently attended to. This gentleman is a native of England, and came to this country in 1841. He is regarded as a thoroughly upright and conscientious business man and enjoys a good trade. ilames Johnston, Butcher, 231 Wellington Street. — Dealing in articles necessary for our daily sustenance, it is not to be surprised that the number of those engaged in the butchering business should be large, but the field of enterprise is also a large one. I where they conduct a first-class printing house, turn- ing out some of the finest specimens of topography to be men in the city ; they make a specialty of cards, bill and letter heads, programmes, and every descrip- tion of commercial printing. These gentleman al.so conduct ail important business in bookbinding, and the manufacture of blank books. A patent renew- able cover and a patent pad are the ingenious inven- tions of .Mr. (laniner. The facilities of this house are complete in all their details ; the floor space is ample for all emergencies, with light and steam power ' available for all practical purposes. The machinery employed embraces a new embossing press, cutting machine, ruling machine, and other mechanical con- trivances of the most effective and perfect device. i In its artistic productions in blank books this house is without a rival. Employment is given to five assistants, while Messrs. Gardner & Olver devote their own time and attention to the work, and under their able management this enterprise has become a prosperous and growing concern. They are also wood engravers ; and one of the features of this establishment is they handle the leading American papers. They have been awarded two silver medals, fifteen 1st prizes and eight 2nd jirizes for printing and bookbinding from the different associations. 84 CITY OF LONDON William HInton, Wholesale Manufacturer of Furniture, UndertakLT, etc., 202 Kinj; Street. — Among the many industries largely developed in the " Forest City" within the past years, that of furniture has taken a prominent position, as maybe seen by the establishment and growth of the various house engaged in this line of enterprise. One of the best known and most liberally patronized establishments in the city of London is that conducted by Mr. William Hinton as a wholesale manufacturer of bed- room sets — special attention is drawn to a half-dozen styles, which are made a specialty, and which in this particular line enables him to undersell any other general factory in the vicinity — and table slides. The premises occupied by this gentleman are located at 202 King Street, which comprisi- a three-storied i building, 200x40 feet in dimensions, which is fully i stocked throughout with a choice and varied assort- 1 ment of furniture of every description, in which are to he found a large number of almost indispensable articles of furniture and upholstered goods, and yet' the trade fcr the most part consists of those articles which combine use, comfort and adornment to the home. In this large and diversified stock may be found common and extension tables, ])arlor and j chamber suites, centre tables, buffets, lounges and every description of upholstered goods. This house [ is also prepared to manufacture furniture to order and ] guaiantee it exactly according to specified require- ments. The excellent quality of articles kept in stock and manufactured at this establishment has met with public approval and has resulted in a large extent of business. In addition to the furniture department, Mr. Hinton carries on a general undertaking estab- lishment, known as the " Metropolitan Funeral Establishment," in which important branch he has facilities unequalled by any contemporaneous house. He has a variety of coffins, caskets and shrouds to suit all parties and pockets. He has the finest hearses in the city, one of which is white, the only one in London. Mr. Hinton personally superintends all funeral arrangements, and to the entire satisfaction of the bereaved friends. In short, in every depart- ment his establishment is thoroughly representative and well appointed. James H. Bolton, Lumber, Lath, etc., York St. — The establishment of Mr. James li. Belton is a thoroughly representative one in this business. This gentleman has built up a good trade as a dealer in lumber, lath, shingles and cedar posts, as well as dressed siding, flooring and ceiling. This business is a very old established one, having been founded in 1853 by Messrs. Willis i^ Belton. The first named retired in 1 870, since when this enterprise has been conducted by Mr. lielton alone. The yards are located on both sides ofVork Street, between Clarence and Wellington, and have a frontage of 75 feet on each, while permanent employment is given to five hands. The facilities here enjoyed are all that could be desired, a switch connecting with the Grand Trunk track. Mr. Belton carries a large stock of well selected lumber, which will bear favorable compari- son with any similar establishment in the trade. He purchases his goods in heavy consignments, and is there- fore enabled to give to his patrons the benefit of the most reasonable terms. The grounds include all necessary offices, sheds, outhouses and all other kin- dred buildings usually found in such a yard, while the premises may be said to be the best located in the country. Mr. Bellon is a native of this country, and during the many years he has resided here he has become known and appreciated as a man who devotes his entire time and energies to the task of faithfully conducting his business on correct principles. W. La Carrlo, Bookseller and Stationer, 417 Ivichtnond Street. — In all the wide range of industrial pursuits there is not a more interesting occupation than that of the bookseller, upon which the education of the masses, and the enlightenment of a people, in a large measure depend ; the city of London is especi- ally a city of erudition and culture, the conse<[uence being that the book trade is of more than "ordinary importance. Amongst the leading booksellers' estab- lishments of this city that of Mr. VV. L. Carrie takes prominent rank, both as one of the oldest established as well as one of the most important. The premises utilized for this business are located at 417 Richmond Street, and lomprise a spacious and well-appointed store, 20x40 feel in dimensions. This book emporium is known as one of the notable institutions of our city, where everything expected of a first-class establish- ment is at hand, including all popular publications ol our own and foreign countries. Of educational works there is a wide assortment, and it is the aim of the proprietor to keep his stock of books and periodicals up to a first-class standard, and keep adding to it by all new publications as rapidly as brought out. All the latest novelties in stationery will be found at this- house, together with a full line of commercial and legal paper. Mr. Carrie also carries a choice and varied selection of fancy goods. One of his successful points is that he will not be underso!,' by any in his iine of goods ; hence all patronizing him can rely on obtaining goods as cheap from him as elsewhere. This business was established in 1866, and has steadily maintained its leading position. Mr. Carrie is a native of Ireland, but has been a resident of London for the last 30 years, whert he has gained an enviable reputation for business integrity and promptness. Henry Haskatt, House and Sign Painter, 250 Dundas Street. — The industrial arts of the city of London approach as near as possible to perfection, and some of the leading houses display productions of great merit in the line of sign painting and the decorating of houses. This is notably the case with the establishment of Mr. Henry Haskett, which is the oldest and one of the best e(|uipped institutions of its kind in the city. This business was established by Messrs. T. Haskett & .Son in 1842, which firm, in 1862, was succeeded by Messrs. J. A H. Haskett, and again in 1880 the business went into the sole management of the present proprietor, Mr. Henry Haskett. This house has an extensive connection all over the city, and has decorated some of the finest houses and public buildings in London. He conducts a live business as a house and sign painter and deco- rator, and dealer in wall paper, paints, oils, varnish, glass, etc., the assortment being a large and well selected one. Mr. Haskett employs an average of eight hands the year round for the due fulfillment of contracts undertaken in painting, frescoing, paper- hanging and the other branches of the business. Particular attention is paid to the higher degrees of the arts of painting and sign writing, for which artistic work Mr. Haskett is famous, and of which he makes a specialty. Mr. Haskett is a native of Ireland, but has lived in this city for 40 years, where he has gained a reputation as a thoroughly reliable business man. REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 85 who tlevotes of faithfully pies. tationer, 417 eof industrial g occupation the education ' a people, in don is especi- consetpience than ordinary sellers' estali- Carrie takes st established The premises 17 Richmond ell-appointed lok emporium ns of our city, ass estahlish- ublications ot ational works le aim of the id periodicals Iding to it by ght out. All found at this- nmercial and a choice and his successful by any in his m can rely on IS elsewhere. id has steadily Carrie is a nt ol London d an enviable- mplness. Painter, 250 the city of o perfection, productions ting and the the case with which is the tutions of its stablished by hich firm, in H. Haskett, into the sole Mr. Henry onnection all of the finest He conducts er and deco- oils, varnish, i;e and well average of fulfillment coing, |)aper- he business. er degrees of , for which of which he a native of years, where ghly reliable O. StookW«ll, Steam Dye and Cleaning Works, 259 Dundas Street. — A well-known steam dyeing and cleaning establishment in London is that of Mr. C. Stockwell, whose office and works are located at 259 Dundas Street. The premises are 1 7x90 feet, 2% stories and basement, all of which is utilized by this industry. The business was established in 1868, Gen- tlemen's suits, ladies' suits, house furniture, such as piano covers, lace and damask curtains, kid gloves, feathers, etc., are cleaned, dyed and finished in the most approved manner. The scouring of this estab- lishment is done by steam and chemical process, with special machinery. The premises occupied are spacious, and five assistants are employed. Ostrich feathers are also thoroughly cleaned and made to look like new. This feature is made a specialty. Samples of work done by this gentleman can be seen at his office, and the quality of it speaks for itself. Mr. Stockwell has been a resident for a number of years and claims to be a native of England. W. 8. MeddOWOroft, Merchant Tailor and Gents' Furnisher, etc., cor. Horton and Wellington Streets. — In the complexities of city life the business of merchant tailoring may be regarded as one of the greatest importance, in furnishing those evidences of refinement and taste that are represented in fashion- able and well-fitting garments. As merchant tailor Mr. W. S. Meddowcroft has earned a well-deserved reputation for excellence of workmanship, .irtislic skill and finish. He keeps on hand a large stock of broadcloths and woollens from the best markets, and all work done is guaranteed to suit. He gives con- stant employment to eight hands, and all work is done under his personal supervision. The business was established by Mr. Hibbett, Mr. Meddowcroft purchasing the good-will and stock in trade in 1885. The premises are 16x22 feet, with a work-room in the rear. In addition to this Mr. Meddowcroft deals in household furniture, which he sells on the weekly payment plan, and is rapidly working up a good liusiness. He i? a native of old Lontlon, and has been a resident of the city for the past two years. Miss Meddowcroft, daughter of the above-named gentleman, carries on a dress-making business in the second flat, and gives employment to five experienced hands. She is pushing and energetic, and the busi- ness is rapidly increasing under the influence of her personal supervision. John Cooper, Photographer, 440 Clarence St. — The gentleman whose name heads this article, Mr. John Cooper, established his business 29 years ago, and since that time has devoted his time and attention to the study and development of the art in all its phases and departments with such energy and assi- duity that he is now recognized far and wide as a most artistic and skillful photographer, famed for the superiority of his art productions. The offices and reception rooms of Mr. Cooper are situated at 440 Clarence Street, and the operating room is fitted up with the latest improved apparatus and appliances. The light is so arranged as to ensure the most satis- factory and pleasing results, and all the arrangements are in every way first class. A specialty of the house is the production of large pictures and groups, the facilities in every way being all that could be desired. Mr. Cooper copies any old picture, enlarges or reduces it if required, and warrants every satisfaction. His establishment has gained the name of the " Old Reliable Gallery," a title to which it is fully entitled. Parties contemplating having their own or parents desiring their children's pictures taken can with every confidence seek an interview with the genial proprie- tor of the " Old Reliable Gallery." Mr. Cooper, who is of Irish descent, is a native of this country, and widely and favorably known in the " Forest City." J. Flllehor, Livery and Hoard Stable, Dundas Street. "Among the active enterprises of a city like London the business of livery, sale and boarding stables occupies, necessarily, an imjiortant place, contributing as they do to the pleasure, convenience and actual necessities of the community. Among the most notable establishments of this class in the city is that conducted by Mr. J. Fulcher. Though but recently established this stable has a wide repu- tation, and is the most popular one in the city. Mr. Fulcher has some ten horses for riding purposes, all of superior stamp, most of them have been hunted with hounds, and can be relied upon as pood fencers, while they are also available for driving purposes. The premises occupied by Mr. Fulcher are situated on Dundas Street, at the back of the Grant House, where he has convenient and well arranged stables, though his rapidly increasing connection will neces- sitate the obtaining of a larger building. In this country riding is fast attaining a growing popularity as a national pastime, and in this line no better in- structor can be found thnn .Mr, Fulcher ; since his residence in this country he has occupied the respon- sible position of Riding Master to the Hellmuth Ladies' College, and he also gives instruction to classes or private pupils in the city. He has every facility for turning out a well appointed four-in-hand or tandems, while as a handler of the ribbons, he is not to be beat in the I'rovince. Mr. Fulcher has had a large and varied experience with horses. Since his arrival in this city he has been mainly instrumental in establishing the London Hunt Club, and now hunts the hounds in connection with tha* institution ; and in the face of considerable difficulty he has placed the Hunt Club on a solid and enduring basis. Mr. Fulcher is a thorough judge of a horse, and those wishing to buy or sell will find this gentle- man an efficient medium for the transaction ol^ busi- ness. He is a native of England, a bold and fearless rider, and very popular with all who know him. Mra. 8. Woodliffo, Fruits, Flowers, etc., 248 Dundas .Street, — This business was first established by Mrs. S. Woodliffe on the market. Her trade became so large that she found it necessary to move to inore commodious quarters at 248 Dundas Street. The stock of fruits is large and varied, and of the best quality, which is sold at as low a price as is con- sistent with legitimate trade. Mrs, Woodlifie also deals in flowers of every description. Funeral and wedding designs are made a specialty, of which there are some very beautiful designs on hand. A specialty is made of embalmed flowers in every conceivable style, at moderate prices. Having telephone con- nection you need not leave your home to give your orders, and may rest assured your favors, whether by telephone or otherwise, will receive prompt attention. The premises are very commodious, being 18x50 feet in dimensions, and centrally located, being midway between Wellington and Clarence Streets. Mrs. VVoodlifTe is an English woman by birth, and has l)een a resident of the city for a number of years past. 86 CITy OF LONDON which the house enjoys a wide popularity. Mr. Yeo also kcep.s a full set of goods to supply socials, parlies, etc., while a specialty is made of coal oil ami good teas at legitimate prices. The store, which is 100x27 f<'el in dimensions, is always supplied with any article needed, either for use or adornment, in the crockery and china line for either the home of the rich man or that of the laborer. Mr. \'eo is a native of Devonshire, Kn(Tlanil, and has been in this piarlers on t;inrence country for 38 years, 20 of which have been spent in London. John Law, iiell and Urass Founder, 121 Clarence .Street. -An imi)ortant and comprehensive business is that of a bell and brass found, r, and one which recpiires much mechanical skill and a long practical experience. In tiiisline we have in London a iironii nent representative in Mr. John Law, who has a wide reputation as a bell and brass founder. This business was established by him in 1854, with premi- ses on Richmond and Diindas Streets, but in 1S77 he moved to more spacious Street, between the railway track and \'ork .Street Mr. Law cast the largest bell ever hung in Canada, i namely, that for the market house of 650 lbs. ; last I -» • «» t. 1 1 1 11 • „ •, a bell of 13s lbs. for the Hlood Indian Mission Church, .^r°' * ***" ^[""^^ Brokers, Masonic Building.- subscribed for by the children of the Sunday school }^"' «^'""^'"'C" whose names head this article may be ranked amongst the most ])0|iular and well- known of stock brokers. Many important financial transactions that are daily recorded are manipulated by them. The heaii office of this firm is located at 26 Torinto Street, Toronto, .vhere it has been established for the last 1 1 years, during which time it has steadily pushed itself into the front rank of brokering business in the Dominion, while the reputation of the house for reliability and straightforward dealing is widespread. Messrs. Cox & Co. have intimate relations with lead- ing operators, not only in Canada but in the I'nited States, while they have private wires connecting with stock operating centres, as Chicago and Oil City, as well as direct communication between their office here and Toronto, while they are also represented at St. Thomas, Woodstock, Ingersoll, Hamilton, Peterborough, Montreal, (Quebec and other chief points of Upper and Lower Canada. The business of Dundas Centre. Mr. Law manulactures a general i done by this Company is not excelled by that of any line of bells, such as hand, door, table and house bells contemporaneous firm in the country. Mr. Cox, and has taken a diploma three times at the Western I who is a thorough man of business, is most populai Fair for a selection of bells. I le also does a general ' in all communities. The London branch was opened business in brass foundry work, including finishing, in May last, and is under the able management of repairing and making to order all articles pertaining [ Mr. W. K. Kains, a gentleman who thoroughly to this branch. We manufacture and put up numbers { understands all the details and operations of his intri- for houses, and contract to number the houses in j cate business, and is capable of giving information to towns, cities and villages. We manufacture electric \ all desiring it in stocks, grain, provisions and oil. He machines and do repairs ; we also make up models is a native of this country, and in every way qualified for the Patent Office. Mr. Law is a native of Leeds, for the important position he holds. Eng and, has been in this country since 1854, and is in ^^ all branches of his trade thoroughly versed and /V mm e.^i«i. m. *»« wru 1 1 <-• ta ^„„„.: „ 1 u-i u- u • . . -.u u- \^^ A. M« Sltllth ot COt, Wholesale Grocers, Dun- experienced, while his charges consistent with higlrij„ c. . \ .u 1 r . 1 .• I. _]' „ 1 J c • u . J . "^^ Street. — Among the leading grocery estab ish- class work and finish are most moderate. „„„, r t „i • .1, » r a vr o -.u ^ W I ments of London is that of A. M. Smith & Co. This house was founded some 30 years ago — being one of the oldest in the city — by the late .Simpson Smith, father of the present proprietors. In 1879 he died, when A. M. .Smith succeeded him, and in 883 the existing copartnership was formed, con- N. F. Y0O, Wholesale and Retail China Hall, Dundas Street. — In this line of business London has some notable houses, amongst which that of the China Hall, conducted by Mr. N. V. \'eo, is entitled to more than ordinary notice. This house was estab- : sisting of Messrs. A.M. Smith and G. H. Smith, lished some ten years ago. The present premises , trading under the firm name of A. M. Smith & Co. comprise a three-storied building, which is fully ' Their warehouse, which extends from Dundas Street stocked with a choice variety of china, silver- ware, J to Market .Square, is 150 feet long and four stories cutlery, crockery, fancy goods, chandeliers and lamp ■ high, the whole being devoted exclusively to stock. goods, stone and earthen ware, all of good material and many of chaste design and execution This house imports direct from manufacturers in England, France, Germany and the United States, and other foreign countries, while the stock embraces every article known to the trade, and the sale of this indis- pensable article of merchandise constitutes no unim- portant element of the mercantile interests of the " Forest City."' This is one of the few houses in Western Ontario importing directly from foreign manufactories, the facilities of the house being un- surpa.ssed. The principle of this establishment is one price, small profits and quick returns, hence you do not have to pay for others' bad debts, acting on Messrs. A. M. Smith & Co. import direct full and complete lines of groceries, dealing in nothing but pure, fine goods. A specialty is made of tea, which is of excellent quality. This, indeed, can be said of the whole stock in trade, as there is no finer stock of goods in London than that carried by A. M. Smith & Co., which is bought for cash and sold at close prices. The trade enjoyed is a large one, and is constantly extending over Western Ontario. But this is a well-known house, and has long since estab- lished a first-class reputation for excellent goods, close prices, and honorable and straightforward dealing. This firm is energetic and enterprising, and possesses rare business abilities. IIEPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 87 I. Mr. Yeo iply socials, coal oil ami re, which is [iplied with lornmtnt, in lu' home of ilr. Vco is a been in this leen spent in Building, — ; article may r and well- :int financial nianipidatcd located at 26 n established 1 has steadily ring business ihe house for widespread, ns with lead- I the United meeting with Oil City, as their office ipresented at Ilamillon, other chief rhe business ■ that of any Mr. Cox, lost populai 1 was opened lagement of thoroughly of his intri- rmation to and oil. He ^ay qualified ■ocers, Dun- establish- th & Co. ago — ^being ite Simpson In 1879 nil, and in mod, con- li. Smith, ith & Co. ndas Street four stories to stock, full and lothing but tea, which be said of ler stock of M. Smith 1 at close ne, and is ario. But ince estab- cnt goods, ghtforward terprising. ct Charlas Chapman, Hoc lilmlcr and Account Bo( k Manufaclurer, 91 Dunil.is Street. -The pro- gre.sive spirit of the age, with science and inventive genius, have greatly increased the number ol prim- ing estrblisluuenis, and as a result the trade of l)ook- binding forms no unimportant facior in the industries j of our country. Most of our great literary men ', are published in the ii.iges of periodicals, and in the ' prtservatiun of those valuable journals we appeal to the art of the bookbinder. In this industry we have an able representative in .Mr. Charles Chapman, who coiducts a leading business as a bookbinder, account bo:)k manufacturer, and dealer in artists' materials. This establishment dales its inception back to 1855, since which lime, by strict attention to his business arid by the su|>erior execution of his work, the ttade o( the house has steadily increased. Bookbinding of every kind is executed with a view to neatness, taste and durability, niagaz'""s, music, periodicals, law books and works of art being bound in any style required. A specialty is made of the manufacture of all kinds of books required for banks and loan com panics, also account books lot mercantile and manu- iacturing firms. Artists' materials of all sorts are kepi constantly on hand, including oil and water colors of the purest make, brushes, canvas, academy boards, crayons, etc. Mr. Chapman is a native of England, but has been a long resident of the "Forest City," where he has gained for himself a name and reputation for honorable and straightforward dealing. He is now Secretary for the -School of Art of London, of which institution he is also a prominent leachT. Huron and Middlesex Mutual Fire Insur- anoa Company, 98 Dundas Street.— The Huron and Middlesex Nlutual Fire Insurance Company of London is highly recommended as much for its economy as for its safety, the perfection ol both having apparently been reached by its operations, as indicated by the liberal share of patronage accorded the organization by the leading merchants and prop- erty owners of this city. This Company was estab- lished in 1878, and during the eight years of its ex- istence its operations have gradually but surely in- creased, till it now takes rank as one of the leading and most reliable fire insurance companies in tht Province. It is a local organization and should therefore be preferred to foreign corporations. It is conducted on the mutual system, and there are thus no outside dividends to pay, each policy-holder reap ing the advantage of the shrewd and conservative policy adopted by the executive of the Company, which last year amounted to a saving of 20 per cent. The annual reports of this institution have shown a marked yearly increase, while the Company has ecpially gained in popularity and extended its field of operations. The policies issued are most liberal and comprehensive, covering losses by lightning to prop- erty or to live stock on the premises. They insure all kinds of properly, and losses are piomjilly ad- justed without vexatious or litigious delay. The head office is at 98 Dundas .Street, while the Board of Directors comprises : L. C. Leonard, Esq., President ; D. M. Cameron, Esq., M.P., Vice President : R. S. Murray, Esq., Richard Southain, Esq., Henry John- son, Esq., George Samwell, Es<)., Richard .Shnults, Esq., J. P., Thomas Jones, Esq., J P., and James McKenzie, Esq. The unquestionable reputation and sound financial standing of these gentlemen are a sufficient guarantee to the public of safe management and permanent solvency. Its business career has always been directed by a wise and honorable policy, and in thp best interests of its policy-holders. To Mr. John Stephenson, its popular and elficient Manager, is largely due the credit of carrying to a successful issue this iinporlunt institution which has proved so beneficial to many property iiolders and others throughout this Province, lo which the oper- alicms of this Company are confined. Atkins & Mannaas, Cigar Manufacturers, 422 Kichniond. Street, Palace Cigar factory.- Mr. William Atkins commenced the manufacture of cigars in 1870, and is thus the oldest one engaged in that industry in the city. This year he formed a copartnership with Mr. Samuel Manness, trading under the firm name of Atkins it Manness. They employ ten nien, all of whom belong lo the " Union," and they are therefore skillful workmen. The weekly output" is from 10,000 to 12,000 cigars. Experience is never to be despised, as in fact, it constitutes a leading facior in business as in everything else. The (piality ol Canadian cigars has been steadily improving, as the demand grew for a finer and superior article, fostered no doubt, by the importation of fine brands. Keeping abreast therelore with the demand was gaining experience and familiarity with the wants of the market, an acquisition of prime importance. The brands manufactured at the " Palace Cigar Factory " have always found a ready and an ever increasing sale, demonstrating the fact that the demands of the ' market, whatever they were, were fully satisfied. The principal brands which bear the impress of this . firm need only to be mentioned, as they are favorites and largely .sold. They are " Miranda," "Creole," "Red Cap," "Diamond," "Frolic," and "Silver Shield." In the manufacture of cigars Messrs. Atkins & Manness use Havana seed wrappers and Havana filler, and the article produced will compare with the finest in the market. Messrs. Atkins & Manness are gentlemen of energy and piactical ability, being always abreast of the times with a standard article. A. Westman, Iinpc-ter of and Dealer in Hard- ware, III Dundas Street. — The large hardware trade carried on by .Mr. A. Westman was established some seventeen years ago at I II Dundas .Street, with also a branch store at 654 Dundas -Street East. The principal store is 90 ft. deep and three stories in height, with basement, every available space being utilised for stock. The stock, which is very heavy, consistsprincipally of shelf hardware, a specialty being made of moulders' and coopers' tools, fine cultery, and builders' hardware; he also handles extensively Kodgers', Taylor's, Wilson's, and Lockwood's goods. In his slock of edge tools .\Ir. Westman is without a superior in Western Ontario. He is agent for the South Bend Chilled Plough Co., whose ploughs are pron.iunced by those who have used them to be the fine.st in the market. The " Chilled Plough" has secured for its manufacturers an enviable reputation, and while it is already largely in u.se, is destined to supersede the less practical ploughs, much vaunted in the market. Mr. Westman handles also the goods of the Meriden Britannia Co., the most famous manufacturers of silverplatetl ware in the world. Mr. Westman is a direct importer, and buys for cash, offering the advantages to the customer which snch a system enables him to do. The trade enjoyed is one of the largest west of Toronto, and is con- stantly increasing. Mr. Westman is essentially a self-made man, and has worked his way up by energy and integrity. I 88 CITY OF LONDON ■K: HIsoox'a Big Llvorjft George T. Iliscox, pru- prietor, 202 and 2024 Dundas Street. A livery stable is a most essential institution l)oth for pleasure and convenience. To lie able to command at any moment a horse anil ri^; for a drive in the country, or for business or other purjioses, is a privile(;e, the value of which cannot be too highly estimated. I'Dremost among the liveries of London, and the oldest in C!ana(ia, is the well-known resort of Georije T. lliscox. It was established in 1837 by the late Thomas lliscox, and in 186S the present |)ropriet(>r succeeded to a substantial and thriving patronage. In 1872 the stables were burned down, and notwithstanding thai the loss was heavy, the new stables, much larger and more commodious, were ready for occupation within thirty days. The stables are furnished with gas, the stalls arc roomy, and the entire building is well ventilated, and the ofiice and harness room is tireproof. The horses, of which there is a very large number, are always in excellent condition, and the coupes, hacks, buggies, sleighs, cutters, etc., are not surpassed. In 1872 Mr. lliscox added a new feature to his business, that of monthly sales of stock, namely horses, carriages, harness, etc., these auctions being conducted by a competent auctioneer, and horse dealers and others have found it of considerable advantage. Mr Hiscox, who is a gentleman of much intelligence and energy, is the father of " Livery Reform." A number of years ago livery keepers were licensed under municipal councils, which afforded them no pro- tection whatever against the unscrupulous hirer, a livery hire being a civil debt. Recognising the dis- advantages of so imperfect a system, Mr lliscox at once took steps towards the inauguration of a law which, while just and equitable in principle, would afford substantial protection to the livery keeper. In the meantime he consulted the late M. C. Cameron, Q.C., of Toronto, and received from that eminent jurist an opinion, the purport of which was in sul)stantial agreement with the opinion entertained by Mr. lliscox, namely, that muncipal corporations had no power to exact any fee other than the cost of the license. A test case was made of it in the law courts, and Mr. Cameron's opinion was upheld ; and a law has since been passed embodying the principle and substance of the opinion of counsel ; and livery kee|)ers being now licensed under the Police Commissioners, full protection is given, while every facility is afforded to collect what the horses honestly earn. Mr. lliscox is one of the largest owners of real estate in ihe city ; he has taken a lively interest in public affairs, and has been elected alderman a number of times, lie is also President of the Horticultural .Society o( the city, and a Director of the Western Kair, and is a gentleman popular and esteemed by all classes. Those de- sirous of buying, selling, or exchanging horses can rely on thorough fair and square dealing at his establishment. Clarene* Hou*«, H. M. Ryan, proprietor, corner King alid Clarence Streets. — Amongst the well known hotels of the city the Clarence House has long been regarded as a most popular and com- fortable house of call, ofrering every inducement to families and commercial men, and special home comforts to boarders. This house was established by Mr. J. II. Ryan 20 years ago. The present pro- prietor, Mr. II. M. Ryan, in May of last year took possession, at wliich time it was thoroughly refitted and remodeled in a most thorough manner, with all modern conveniences and arrangements. The rooms are large, airy and well ventilated, and furnished with every consideration to comfort and neatness. There is sleeping accommodation for thirty guests, while the dining room provides sitting room for twice that number. The taole is a most liberal one, at all times provided with choice viands and delica- cies in season. Mr. Ryan, the present proprietor, is a native of this country, and is a most genial and obliging host, eager to do everything to provide for the clue comfort and accommodation of his guests. The rates of this house are one dollar per day, with special terms to boarders, and visitors trying this house once are sure to return. Edward Palmer, Cigars, Tobaccos and Billiard Parlors, 376 Richmond Street. — Asascientillc. recrea- tive and fascinating pastime the game of billiards may appropriately be ranked among the most popular existing at the present day,' whether in public parlors or private residences. It affords an elegant as well as an instructive and scientific amusement for all. A most popular resort for this favorite game is the well furnished billiard parlor of Mr. Edward Palmer, located at 376 Richmond Street, opposite the Masonic Temple. The tables are in perfect condition for billiards or pool, every convenience is provided, and the rough element at all times excluded. These rooms enjoy a wide popularity, and receive the patronage of the better class of citizens. In connec- tion with billiards, Mr. Palmer efficiently conducts a cigar and tobacco store. The popularity of the various brands of cigars handled by this gentleman, has been secured by the efforts of the enterprising proprietor to deal in only reliable and uniform goods of standard reputation from the best manufacturers. He also deals in plug, smoking and chewing tobaccos, pipes, and everything in the line of smokers' sundries. Mr. Palmer is himself a thorough judge of good cigars, an item well worthy the consideration of con- sumers in search of the genuine article. Mr. Palmer is highly popular, and enjoys an extensive acquaint- ance and patronage within the city and surroundings. UKI'KKSENTATIVE BUSINESS MKX 89 Billiard , recrta- billiards popular parlors as well as all. A the well Palmer, asite the condition rovided, These eive the connec- )nducts a of the ntleman, erprising m goods acturers. tobaccos, sundries, of good 1 of con- . Palmer icquaint- .indings. Th« Condon Tomporanoo Coffoo Mom**, J, 4 and 5 Market S((iiare, H. Cutlam, Proprietor.— Desirable restaurants and coffee houses form no! uniinpiiriant branch in (he list of public institutions ' in an'y city, and in this line I.ondcm is well repre- sented. .Amongst the favorite and pe attention that they exercise in buying and testing their seeds fully bear out this fact, to say nothing about the hundreds of testimonials the lirm h ^vefrom customers all over the Dominion. One of ' iieir customers actually took 134 prizes on vegetables, all grown from their seeds, at five exhibitions in the fall of 1 886, one of which was the Provincial at Guelph. They (k) not advertise cheap seeds, and never intend to do so. In buying their stock it is a 2 CITY OF LONDON cases. At this store the highest price compatible 1 the re<|uisite facilities for the treatment of diseases with market rates is given for country produce, and i and infirmi ies of horses and other domestic animals, thus customers purchasing turkeys, geese, chickens j Mr. Tennent has established an excellent and exten- or ducks, may rely on being served with the best | sive practice, and is noted for his skill in operations, piocurable. Mr. ^IcCormick is a native and a life- | To such diseases as ring-bone, ^pavin, lameness and long resident of the " Forest City," and held the ' all acts of surgery he pays the greatest care. Mr. position of Mayor for 1 873, also having been in the Tennent is a native of this country, and among the Council for about 14 years previous. His family have various owners of horses, farmers and others he is been closely identified with the growth of the city, k.own as a proficient and expert veterinary surgeon, they having been the fifteenth family to settle in and one who spares no pains or time in securing sue- London. Mr. McCormick's mother, who is close on ; cess in the most difficult and dangerous cases. seventy-nine years of age, was one of the first settlers, j and is still a resident of the city. | Oreer & WIgltlore, Wall Papers, Window — I .Shades, etc., 206 Dundas Street. — The city of Ttinl* Griffith, Lumber Merchant, London London is fast gaining an enviable rwjputation as liie South. — The city of London being an important commercial meiropolis of Western Ontario. Not the centre for the trade in lumber, a liberal record of least important branch, of trade, and one deserving this branch, and the advantages possessed by promi- nent merchants in this line 01 business here, must necessarily form an important link in the chain of business and commercial importance of the " Forest i City," Among the solid and enterprising firms, ! combining ainindant capital, energy and experience, | and enjoying the confidence of a wide circle of j friends and jutrons, is that of Mr. Tunis (jriffith. I special u'cognition in the present volume, is that of wall papers, window shades, etc. In this line we have at once a thoroughly representative house in that of Messrs. (ireer tV Wigmore, who are extensive ilealers in wall paper, opacpie window shades, spring rollers, mixed paints, glass, varnish, brushes, etc. This business was established in 1878, under the firm title of Messrs. Greer, Wigmore & Mcl'herson, but For the last six years this gentleman has been promi- I is now conducted by the two first-named gentlemen, nently c;)nnected with the lumbering interests Their businers premises are located at 206 Dundas of Western Ontario, and new enjoys a large trade Street, where they occupy three flats, 15x70 feet in througi. out this and other sections of the Dominion, dimensions, and give employment to an average A largo annual amount of lumber passes annually number of ten hands all the year round. They k' ep through Mr. Griffith's hands ; he deals chiefly in ' on hand a large and varied assortment of wall paper description to suit the UK ""astidious of valuable woods, such as cherry, walnut and ash, as of every well as all the hardwoods of the country. More taste and at all prices. Their window snades are so lumber is shipped through his medium than from i constructed that they will fit any sized windows, and that of any other -firm in London, while there are 1 form an imjjortant adjunct to every house. All goods none whose enterprise, facilities and business I turned out here are of first-class quality, while the transactions entitle them to mo.e prominent notice. Lunbering is one of our great native industries, and there is no other which has a more important bear- ing on the progress and advance of this Dominion; her illimitable timber resources have been in a great measure the means of nor present greatness, and the facilities offered by Mr. Griffith enable these means advantages of this house enable them to supply any article in the line at bottom prices. Mr. Wigmore, .50 is a native of England, came out to this country 20 years ago, while Mr. Greer, who was born in Ireland, came here in 1842. Robertson & Co., Staple and Fancy Dry to be utilized in all sections. In this branch of in- | Goods, McCormick's block, 658 Dundas Street dustry, .Mr. Griffith is a thoroughly re|5resentative ] Fast. — The trade in staple and fancy dry goods con- man ; he is thoroughly familiar with every detail of i stitutes one of the most important industries of our his business, and is a gentleman of energy and i country. The field of enterprise is a large one, and sound judgment. j as a result we have in London many prominent mer- — . chants engaged in this branch. A popular and J. H. Tennenti Veterinary Surgeon, King reliable establishment is that conducted by Messrs. .Stree., opposite the Market.— Next to the profession Robertson it Co., of McCormick's Block, 658 Dun- of the regular practitioner in the science of human das Street East, as dealers in staple and fancy dry surgery, that of the veterinary surgeon is of import- ' goods, hats, caps and gents' furnishings. This busi- ance. Amongst tlioso who have for a long time been ness was established by the present proprietors in iilentified with this branch of service is Mr. J. H. 1881, and has since that time gradually extended its Tennent. For over 40 years the establishment of operations till it is now regarded as one of the repre- which he is now the head has been engaged in the sentative houses in this line in London East. The veterinary profession, the business having been firr, premises occupied comprise a two-storied building, started in 1845 by Mr. C. B. Rudd. In 1876. Mr. ' 22x40 feet in dimensions, which is fully stocked with Tennent became associated with that gentleman as a the latest fashions of both foreign and domestic partner, and at Mr. Rudd's dissolving partnership | goods, such as are usually carried in a first-class four vears ago he has continued this practice himself. ' establishment. In the line of hats, caps and gents' Mr. Tennent is a thoroughly practical veterinary '. furnishings this house has every facility for obtaining surgeon. He graduated at the Ontario Veterinary ' all goods of the newest and most approved styles, College in Toronto, of which Dr. Smith is the emi- and has every article needed for a gentleman's nent head. In that institution his career was marked wardrobe, all of superior quality and at prices no with credit to himself and honor to his tutors. ] rival establishment can beat. Mr. Robertson, the During his residence in London Mr. Tennent has head of the firm, has had a varied experience in this earned the repute of a skillful and able p.actitioner, business. He w;is for a number of years with Eaton and one who can be thoroughly relied on in his it Co., of Toronto, and latter!} with John Chapman & business and profession. His office is located on Co. He is a native of Aberdeenshire, Scotland, and King Street, opposite the Market, where he has all has been a resident of the city for 10 years. iigniore, I country born in incy Dry Street Dods con- of our one, and ncnt iner- lular ant' Messrs. 658 Dun- fancy dry This l)usi- ietors in ended its the repre- ist. The building, cken with domestic tirst-class md gents' obtaining ed styles, ntleman's prices no tson, the ce in this ith Eaton hapnian & land, and REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 08 R. Hookway li Co., Flour, Crnin and Seeds, 137 ami 139 King Street. — Among the principal in- dustries q( any country, and one on which its inhabi- tants are most dependent, is that of flour and grain. In this city many notable merchants are engaged in this enterprise, amongst whdm the firm of ^lessrs. R. Hookway & Co. is entitled to prominetit recogni- tion. This house has long ranked among the fore- most in the city. It has been in the hands of the present proprietors for the last three years, they hav- ing succeeded Mr. John Evans, who for ■^ome years previously conducted the business. These gentle- men deal in flour, grain, seeds and produce of all kinds, and do a general business as commission merchants. They carry a large s;ock, for the pur- poses of which they occupy a large double establish- m nt at 137 and 139 King Street, and speciil atten- tion is given to ench department. Noihing is neglected, and those forming trade relations with this house are induced to contmue on account of their promptness and accurate business policy. In the branch of flour they keep the finest grades and brands obtainable of the most ajipioved roller |)rocess. Buying in large i|uar.tities f(jr cash and doing a regu- lar cash business themselves, they are thus enabled to sell at the lowest margin of profit and to give their customers every advaniage. Their seeds are well and carefully selected of true slock, as repre- sented, and thoroughly relial)le. Mr. Hookway, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Devonshire, England, and is a gentleman of wide and extended business abilities. Marshall Br08>, Importers of Fine Teas and CDffecs, 67 Dundas Street. — Messrs. .Marshall Bros, began business in 187S, and since that time have built up a very large trade, being now the largest importers of teas and coffees west of Toronto. Their goods can always be guaranteed as pure and of ex- cellent quality. In teas their stock consists princi- pally of.Greens, Blacks anii japans, and their cofiees of Mocha, Java and Rio. They import very largely and buy for cash ; and selling their goods at close prices, there are no houses, excepting those in Toronto, can compete against that of Marshall Bros. Always liberal and upright in their dealings with the trade, and supplying an article as represented, they have deservedly secured their present jiosition as the leading importers of the west in teas and coffees. Their trade, which embraces Western Ontario, is con- stantly increasing, being of it.self a most salutary indi- cation, and they are represented on the road by no fewer than seven travellers. Messrs. Marshall Bros, are energetic and enterprising. They are well known in London and throughout the western sec- tion of the Province, and none enjoy a higher repu- tation either socially or commercially. A. D. Cameron, Coal and Wood, Burwell Street. — Among the leading houses engaged in this all-important department of commerce, that con- ducted by Mr. A. I^. Cameron is deserving of all prominent recognition. The great railway facilities for shipping have made Lndon an important point for this enterprise ; hence the coal business of the "Forest .ity" forms an interest of considerable value. The gentleman whose name forms the subject of this sketch has been established since 187.S, when he succeeded Mr. John Rayner, who had formerly conducted this enterprise. The premises are located at Burwell Street, close to the G. VV. R. track and G. T. passenger depot. Here every facility is en- joyed for the receiving of coal direct, which is obtained from the leading American mines, and is of the best quality and grade procurable on the market. Mr. Cameron does a widely extended trade through the city and surrounding country as a wholesale and retail dealer in anthracite and bituminous coal, while he also handles extensively, lime, lath, hair, cement, whiting, Kre brick, fire clay, calcine and land plaster, sewer pipe, fancy brick and building stone. Mr. Cameron is a native of Scotland, but has been ^ resident of London for some years, where by his natural energy and enterprise he has built up for himself a substantial and steadily increasing business. HobbS, Osborn & Hobbs, Importers of and I Wholesale Dealers in IIardwat;e, Glass, Paints, Oils, 'etc., 339 and 341 Richmond Street. This house i was established in 1876. 'vnd carries the most com- plete stock of hardware of any establishment in West- I ern Ontario. The store has a depth of 100 feet with I a width of 32 feet, containing eight separate flats, j four of which are devoted to hardware, one to window I glass, and the three remaining flats to plate glass and 1 painters' supplies. A specially is made of ll descriptions, including plate and cathedral tints, of which Messrs. Hobbs, Osborn .V Hobbs carry the largest stock in Canada, and with facilities which are unequalled, they can rtll any order, however large, within twenty-four hours of its receipt. A specialty isalsomadeofbuililers' hard ware, of which a very large and excellent stock is kept. In the nature and com- pleteness of its stock this house is unsurpassed in i Canada. Messrs. Hobbs, Osborn it Hobbs deal directly with the manufacturers ; and importing both ; British and foreign hardware in immense (luantities for cash, and selling the same at close prices, there is no establishment in Western Ontario that can com- pete against them. They have a resident buyer in Europe, employ six travellers, and their trade, which is enormous and constantly increasing, extends from <»4 CITY OF LONDON Quebec to British Columbia. Messrs. Hobbs, Osborn & Hobbs are practical, energetic and enter- prising tien of business ; thoroughly competent, there IS no one branch of tlieir immense business with which they are not conversant. Within a compara- tively short |)erio(l they have succeedtd in buildinj^ up \\hat is in every respect a representative trade, not only by that energy and enterprise for which they are noted, but in as great a degree by the excel- lence o( their goods, their close prices, and their honorable and fair dealings with all customers. It is to the growth of a hmisc of this kind that the progress and material development of a city are largely due. John Fox, .Scale Manufacturer, 91 York .Street. — In the manufacture of scales nuich mechanical skill and ingenuity are requisite. Accuracy is the all- important thing, without which a scale is useless. Therefore, to succeed in this branch of industry argues the possession of mechanical abilities of a high order. Mr. Fox, who began business in 1881, has already secured an envia' 'e reputation in the market as the manufacturer of the best scales produced. As a result, he enjoys a large and ever-increasing trade. Mr. Fox manufactures all kinds of standard scales, heavy enough to weigh a locomotive down to a druggist's scale. For the bearings steel entirely is used, and none but the best workmen procurable are employed. Every scale turned out at this factory is guaranteed to give perfect satisfaction, and each scale before leaving the premises is thoroughly tested, so that the guarantee is actually established on the spot. Mr. Fox, who is himself a practical and ex perienced scale-maker of known repute, gives his personal attention to all work turned out, thus ensuring the accuracy re(|uired. The scales manufac- tured by Mr. I'ox, in finish and durability, are excelled by none, their durability and accuracy being so well established that they are tpiote d as sanijiles of their kind. James F. Hunt, l'"eather lied and Mattress Factory, also Woven Wire Mattresses, 593 Richmond Street. — The industries of the city of London are most comprehensive in tlieir nature, and include almost every branch of commercial enterprise. .'V very important and useful business is that con- ducted by Mr. James F. Hunt, who conducts a feather bed and mattress factory at 593 Kichniont! Street, opposite the fairgrounds. In a sanitary point of view the renovation of feather beds and mattresses is a most essential feature of health, yet it is one which in only too many instances is altogether neglected. By Mr. Hunt's improved renovating process, he is enabled to purify and cleanse old feathers, rendering them sweet and pure, and con- siderably increasing their bulk. This business was established by Mr. Hunt in 1S77, and his establish- ment is now a well-known one. All kinds of beds, mattresses, pillows, bolsters, bed springs, etc., are kept constantly on hand. The mattresses manufac- tured on the premises are composed of hair, moss, sea-grass and wool, fibre and straw, all wool, and grass ; also bolsters of both wool and feather. Feathers are also bought and sold, and this house claims, what may be readily substantiated by per- sonal inspection, that no other dealer in this section can afford to sell the same (juality of feathers at the same price. On the sou.id old maxim that " health i.s wealth," housekeepers and others using feather beds and mattresses cannot be lou particular in hav- ing the same renovated at certain periods. This factory covers an extent of 66x166 feet in dimensions. Mr. Hunt is a native of London, England, and has been a resident of London for the last 17 years. William Wyatt, Stoves, Tinware, etc., 364 Richmond Street. — Among the houses notable in respect to the character and extent of their trade in this line of business, that of Mr. William Wyatt is worthy of special mention, as the old reliable establish- ■ ment noted for the uniform excellence of its products and general goods. This business was established , in 1868 by the present proprietor, who is actively engaged as a manufacturer and dealer in stoves, tin- ware, furnaces, coal oil, and general house furnishings. The premises are located at 364 Richmond Street, and comprise a spacious and well appointed store, 100x25 feet in dimensions, which is fully stocked with a varied assortment of stoves of the most popular anti approved make, and which experience has demonstrated to be both economical and durable; while at the same time possessed of every convenience. This house is regarded as one of the most extensive and reliable establishments 1 its kind in London. The workmanship and class of ilio ware cannot be sur- passed by any other nianfacturer or dealer. Mr. Wyatt keeps a general stock of hardware, cutlery, nails and house-furnishing goods, while jobbing and repairing are jiromptly attended to. The diversified character of the goods carried embraces a large number of articles useful and indispensable to the homes of all. Mr. Wyatt is a native of Ottawa, but has been a life- long resident of the " Forest City," where by his businer.s abilities and straightforward transactions he has gained the respect of all circles. Mlas Ada Swiliar, Hair Goods, etc., 208 Dundas Street. — The establishment of Miss Switzer is a representative one of the first-class, and the attention given to this special branch is worthy of all rp:presentative business men 90 recognition. This business was established in 1S72 by Miss Beale, who in 1878 sold out her interest to Miss Switzer, who has since then witnessed a gradual increase in the business. The vagaries of fashion rule this trade perhaps with more fluctuating whims than possibly any other, but patrons of this establish- ment may rely on Miss Switzer keeping an even pace with all changes that the most fancif j1 fashions may dictate. This lady is possessed of a naturally artistic taste, and may be consulted freely on all points ap- pertaining to the arrangement of the coiffure. A specialty is made in ladies' and children's hair cutting, also shampooing ; and a full supply of toilet articlesis kept. The jiremises occupied by Miss Switzer for the purjmses of her trade are located at 208 Dundas .Street, she having removed from her former house of business at 266 on the same street. Here a com- plete stock of hair goods is kept constantly on hand, and hair work of all kinds is executed with prompt- ness and dispatch. Miss Switzer imports from Montreal, New York and other markets, and her hair-dressing rooms will be found replete with every convenience, and elegantly appointed. Cieetropathie InstltHt*, Dr. |. G. Wilson, 320 Dundas Street. — Health is the most precious gift of nature ; and how to retain it and how to regain it, when lost, are matters of vital moment. .Some seek for health in travel. and others in physical recreation. I5oth are, no doubt, l)eneKcial, but they do not always accomplish the ol)ject in view. Medi- cal science must be resorted to, and we know of nothing more beneficial to the debilitated system than Electropathic treatment. It is endorsed by the highest mtdical authorities, and as an antidote and remedy for the more .,eneral diseases and ailments of both male and female, it is generally acknowledged to be by far the most effective. London is highly favored in the possession of such an institution, and with Dr. J.(i. Wilson at its head, efficient treat- ment can always be relied upon. He is a graduate of the Electropathic College, Philadelphia, and of the Hygieo-Theraiieutic College, New Jersey, and Electropathic School, Ontario. He has also devoted years to the study of the different systems of medicine, and carefully observed their ii])eration in private practice, hospitals, dispensaries, clinics, hydropathic, hygienic, and other institutions, and is thus pre- eminently (|ualilied as head of the London I'.Iectro- (lathic Institute. ^t is situated at 320 Dundas Street, and embraces the following departments. W'chout referring to the reception room antl otiice, the electric surgery for electric treatment of all chronic diseases and the electric baths, for electro- thermal treatment, come first in order. In the latter the patient lies in warm water, while an electric current permeates the deeply seated tissues of the body, eliminating morbid matter, equalizing circula- tion and toning the whole system. Here are also administered chemical or mineral baths, claimed to be the finest and most effective in Canada for nervous and chronic diseases. Next comes the Turkish bath department, embracing as it does, the caledarium or hot room, massage and showering room. Any- thing in commendation of the Turkish baths would be superfluous, as its claims as a powerful health- giving agent are generally acknowledged. In con- nection with this department are the resting room, the gymnasium, and a bedroom for sick patients. Lastly comes the Moliere bath department, afford - ! ing special treatment for certain chronic diseases, including diseases of the blood, skin, kidneys, and nervous debility. The treatment is effected thus: the patient is seated in a contracted wooden enclosure, his feet being in hot salt water, and at his back there is an electric rod, for electric applications ' if necessary. The Moliere bath is justly esteemed by the medical profession, and by many others whom it has benefited, a most . ffective remedial agent, and should be resorted to by those suffering from the I complaints coming within the scope of its influence. The Electropathic Institute is a health resort, with aniple grounds in the rear. Dr. Wilson, with his colleagues, are ever couiteous and obliging, and are scrupulously kind and attentive to all patients under ! their charge. Confederation Life Association, 1691J I Dundas Street, (J. F. Robertson, Agent. -The Con- ! federation Life Association, of which this article I treats, was incorporated by special Act of Parliament ! in April; 1871, since which date its operatinns have j been gradually extended, till it now takes a leading position among the life insurance companies of ! Canada. That which should especially commend it to insurers is that it is a home company ; its board of directors is constituted of prominent gentlemen and merchants, well known throughout the length and breadth of the Dominion, while its last annual report is one which must be satisfactory to all policy- holders, and which must further add to the confidence and good feeling which has ever been evinced in the Company. The last year's annual report of this Company showed over thirteen millions insurance on its books, total assets exceeding a million and a half, and a surplus of close on $300,000. Yet the reports of the Company since its inception have a remarkable similarity, each telling of a large increase in business over any previous year. The net life premiums of last year were increased by $30,777, and the interest and rents by $13,089, bringing the total income, aftei deducting reassurances, up to $462,284, or well on to half a million. These facts alone speak volumes for the way in which the Company is managed, and are sufficiently suggestive to recommend this Company to all intending assurers. The ptotits of the Com- pany are divided after every five years of the existence of each policy, insteaunn twenty-three years ago, during which lime it has steadily grown in popular favor, while its trade has annually increased. The premises occupied by this gentleman for the purposes of his trade are located at the corner of King and Talbot .Street?, and i here employment is given all the year round to an average of five hands. They perform every kind of ; work called for by the trade in this respect ; their • work comparing favorably with that of any similnr I house in the city. Though started on a moderate scale the business of the house has gradually extended, till now a large trade is enjoyed in both the city and : surrounding country, the establishment having an : enviable reputation for the superiority of its work I and goods. Mr. Dunn is a native of England, and \ has always paid the strictest attention to the calls of ] his tjade, and has consequently secured a business I connection which reflects upon him great credit. ♦ 1(8 TOWN OF INGERSOLL TOWN OF INGERSOLL. The town of Ingersoll is one of those bright links that mark the advance and progress of civilization through the western portion of the Province of Ontario, and unite as by a chain the big trade centres of Canada. Ingersoll is itself a town of Inisy industry and thriving enterprise. Ten miles from Woodstock, 21 miles from London, and 98 from Toronto', the town is well ami ])leasantly situated, the greater part being built on the sides and summit of the high gravelly banks i.f the River Thames, which (lows through it and supplies constant water-power, of which due advantage is taken by several factories at the water- side. It has excellent railroad facilities, being situated on the Great Western Division of the Grand Trunk, and also on the Credit Valley Hranch of the Canadian Pacific. It was incorporated in 1865, and by the enterprise of its inhabitants has enjoyed a steady and progressive growth ; its present population amounts to 4,500. The country around is particularly fertile, and large (juantities of cheese are shipped from here. A notable cheese, three feet in height and six in diameter, after doing duty in the .States, was a few years ago exhibited at Manchester, England. The manufacture of Hour and oatmeal, with woollen and planing mills, a tannery and four agricultural implement factories, form its chief industries ; grain, live stock, and general manufactured products form, in addition to cheese, its chief shipments. Ingersoll possesses churches of all denominations, iMethodisl, Presbyterian, Episcopal, Baptist and Catholic ; also public schools, mechanics' institute, with a library of 2,000 volumes, and a town hall. There are three newsjiapers, the " .Sun," the " Chronicle and Dairyman" and the "Oxford Tribune." The town is lighted with gas, connected with telephone, and has a fire department. The assessed valuation is $1,252,830. .Stages run daily to Lakeside, Port Burwell and Corinth. tl. W. Browett, Chemist, Thames Street. - In reviewing the profession of the druggist in Ingersoll, we find a leading representative in Mr. J. W. Brow- ett, who occupies a prominent position in this line. The business now controlled by him was established by Mr. R. II. Revell.from whom in 1883 Mr. Browett bought the interest of the concern. This gentleman is a thoroughly accompli-;hed chemist, fully versed in the mysteries and science of his profession, and has had a most varied experience. For two years he studied with Mr. John Dutlon, of Stratford ; then with Mr. G. A. Deadrnan, of Brussels ; also with Messrs. E. Hooper X- Co, and Messrs. A. Matheson & Co., both of Toronto. Mr. Browett grailuated from the Ontario College of Pharmacy in 1882, and for a time conducted a drug business in Brussels, prior to removing here. Ilis store is located on Thames Street — the sign of the White Mortar — and is fully stocked with a choice line of pure drugs and chemicals, the most popular and desirable patent medicines, and the usual accessories of a really first- class establishment in this line, comprising toilet articles and fancy goods. Mr. Browett also carries in stock a superior line of spectacles and eye-glasses, and having made a careful study of optics, he is enabled to suit all .ights. This establishment is in every respect a most comprehensive one, and is one of the best equipped in Western Ontario. A feature of it is a department of galvanic and electric batteries, in the construction and minagement of which Mr. Browett is eminently skilled. A specialty is made of the compounding of physicians' and family pre- scriptions, which are executed with care, dispatch and accuracy ; in this line Mr. Browett has received high testimonials from eminent physicians as to his ability as a reliable and competent dispensing chem- ist. He is by birth a native of Ingei.soU, and as a result has naturally a large number of friends in both business and social circles, while he is highly esteemed as a m. i able and judicious professional and a reliable man of business. L. Thompson, Dealer in Wall Paper, Artists' Materials, etc. -Whether considered as an industrial art or as a branch of commercial pursuit, the trade in wall paper and artists' materials is of sufficient importance to call for a favorable notice in a work of this kind, and in this connection the establishment of Mr. L. Thompson is worthy of all mention and recognition on account of the general excellence of its productions. This business is an old establislied one, dating its inception back to the year 1857, when it was started by Mr. Thompson, since which time, by energy and perseverence, he has gradually, but surely, extended the trade operations of his house. He conducts a line of business as a dealer in wall paper, borders, artists' materials, window cornices of all kinds, fancy goods, toys, window shades, paints, oils and mirror plates, while picture frames and mould- ings in every design are carried in stock. The prem- ises occupied by Mr. Thompson for this comprehensive business consist of a substantial building, three stories in height, 20x80 teet in dimensions, where a full stock is at all times carried. In addition, he also has a paint shop on Oxford Street, 18x30 feet in size, with store shed, 50x12 feet, where all kinds of gilding and graining are executed, employment being given to an average of four or five experienced assist- ants. Besides supplying the goods, Mr. Thompson undertakes all kinds of house, sign or decorative painting, as well as glazing, kalsomining and paper- hanging, and has a most satisfactory business con- nection throughout the town and neighborhood. Mr. Thompson is a native of Yorkshire, England, but has resided here for thirty years, where he is known as an upright and strictly honorable man of business. KKPHESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 99 J> T. Malons, Real Estate Agent, Conveyancer, etc., King Street. — In the comprehensive agency controlled by Mr. J. T. Malone there is a big field of enterprise and the display of executive business abilities. The steady growth of Ingersoll, and the rapid development of this section of the country, have caused transactions in real estate to be numer- ous and important. .Since his establishment in 1884, a considerable amount of these trans.ictions have pa'-sed through the hands of Mr. Malone. Mr. Malone is an experienced conveyancer, and also un- Ha Ellis, General Hardware. — There are few business houses in the county of Oxford which have had a relatively larger growth than the hardware establishment of Mr. A. H. Ellis. The origin of this house dates many years back ; the business in 1868 was purchased by Messrs. R. Y. Ellis & IJro. from the late Mr. L. L). Lyons, and the energy and enterprise of the new proprietors soon placed this establishment in the foremost ranks of the hardware business in Western Ontario. Their business was then located at corner of Thames and King Streets, and was the only one of its kind in Ingersoll that escaped the ravages of the disastrous fire of 1872. Immediately after the fire they purchased the site they now occupy, and erected the present substantial and handsome building, four stories in height and 24x100 feet in dimensions. Each flat is filled with an immense stock of articles pertaining to the general hardware trade, comprisinj; every variety of mer- chandise usually found ii metropolitan establish- ments of this kind. The trade of the house, which will compare favorably with that of any contempor- aneous establishment, circulates widely in all directions, and the facilites enjoyed by the firm in procuring their supplies by direct importation enable them to offer inducements that are not readily dupli- cated. Some four years ago Mr. R. Y. Ellis left the firm to become a niend)er of the firm of Messrs. P. VV. Ellis iV Co., the well-known manufacturing jewellers of Toronto, but under the management of Mr. A. II. Ellis, this concern has fully maintained its well deserved reputation. A branch office is established at Norwich, under the administration of Mr. D. J. .Sutherland. In both houses a large stock is carried of shelf and heavy hardware, paints, oils, glass, cutlery, agricultural implements, tools, etc. The premises in Ingersoll are located on Thames Street, at the sign of the tiolden Anvil, where employment is given the year round to six experienced assistants, Mr. Ellis is a native of Liverpool, Eng- land, and has been a resident of Ingersoll for 18 years. O. £• Robinson, Wholesale (irocer. - The town of Ingersoll is not behind her .Msler towns in the extent and magnitude of its wholesale grocery houses, and the enterprise which characterizes this her representative firm in this branch of business, cannot be surpassed in any of our metropolitan ciiies. The well-known and reliable hou.se of Mr. O. E. Robinson was established by himself in 1883 as a manufacturer, importer and decler in grocers' sup- plies. He has every facility for the prosecution of this important business ; while a general line of staple and fancy groceries, teas, coffees, spices, can- ned goods and grocers' sundries is at all times carried. The trade of the house circulates all over the Province of Ontario, an especially large business being done in the western section. The premises occupied con- sist of a spacious and commodious warehouse, 22x90 feel in dimensions, four stories high, filled with a general line of merchandise pertaining .0 the grocery trade. The business of the house is strictly whole- sale ; there is telephone connection ; and Mr. Robin- son also acts as agent for Messrs. Moss, Rimmington & Co., of .Selby, England, also for Messrs. Dunn & Hewitt, of London, England. Mr. Robinson is a native of this country, and by his zeal and enterprise his house has steadily increased the scope of its opera- tions and the extent of its business, until it is now justiv entitled to rank among the representative mer- cantile establishments of this Province. W. C. Holland, Books and Stationery.—In all the wide range of industrial pursuits there is not a more interesting occupation than that of the book- seller, upon which the education of the masses and the enlightenment of a people in a large measure depend. In the list of prominent establishments de- voted to this branch of trade in Ingersoll, that now conducted by Mr. W. C. Holland is deserving of all recognition. This gentleman formerly carried on a similar business in liothwell, but removed here in 1885, finding a more enlarged field for energy and enterprise. That he was justified in making the change is amply proved by the success which has attended his eflfoits in the two years he has been KEPKESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 101 established here. The Posl Office liook Store, as his establishment is known, is regarded as heail<|uarters for school books, supplies, and a varied assortment of tashionable stationery, including legal and commercial paper. H-; also keeps cheap lines in birthday cards, hymn books, music books, as well as a choice assort- ment of fancy goods suitable for wedding or birthday presents. Mr. Holland carries an ample stock of l)ooks, which includes classical, biographical, scientific and artistic works, as well as volumes of fiction, romance, poetry and religion, which are offered at remarkably low figures. Mr. Holland is a native of London, Ont., and has been in this town since 1885, where he is popular and highly esteemed. William B«ok«8, Lumber, .Shingles, Sash, Doors, etc., corner Carnegie and Thames Streets. - Contributing in a marked deg,ree to the enterprise and thrift of all industrial enterprises in the growth and development of this town, such establishments as that of Mr. William Ueckes occupy at all times a position which must i.-ntitle them to liberal mention. The business embraces sash, doors, cedar posts, etc., while he also deals in lumber, dressed or undressed. The facilities at his command enable him to under- take the supply of anything pertaining to the build- ing line upon the most favorable terms, and to the advantage of those who contemplate the construc- tion of buildings of any character. The business was established in 18S0 by the present proprietor, the yards covering an area of 198x360 feet, on which is a planing mill and factory, the machinery and appli- ances of which embrace the newest and most com- ])lete improvements of modern times. The business here done is already a large one, and shows signs of still greater development. Mr. Ueckes is a native of the North of Ireland, and has been a resident of the town since 1872, where he has succeeded in securing a liberal share of patronage and support, and from a small beginning has raised its enterprise to its pres- ent satisfactory basis. 0> Ja Mitohcllf .Spring Bed Manufacturer and Furniture Dealer. — A marked and important industry has been added to the town of Ingersoll within the last few years, and is one which presents features of such a character as to make itself known all over the country in the manufacture and presentation of an article of such superior excellence and practicability as to commend itself to every household and the public generally. It is believed that the nearest approach to perfection in spring beds h.as been attained by Air. O. J. Mitchell, who has combined the best features of other spring beds with patent improvements of his own, and now pre.sents an article as the He plus ultra of spring beds. This bed is ctni- posed entirely of springs, except a light frame or rim to which the outside springs are attached, and by means of improved bracing there is no swaying or noise when the bed is in use, while the springs are entirely free, perpendicularly yielding to the slightest pressure and conforming to the body in the easiest Daly Housa, comer King .ind Oxford Streets, j. W. Marsden, Proprietor. — One of the prominent hotels of Ingersoll is the w 11-known and popular "Daly House," which for a long number of years has been devoted to the purpose of a house of public entertainment. This hotel was founded some 28 years ago by Mr. A. Daly, who established for his house a wide reputation and popularity which in the hands of his successor, the present proprietor, Mr. J. W. Marsden, have been fully maintained. This gentle- man took possession of the "Daly House" in 1882, and has spared no effort to make this establishment the leading hotel of Ingersoll. The building is a three-storied one, of brick structure, admirably lo- cated, and has over 30 large and airy bedrooms, as well as comfortable sitting, smoking and reading rooms, with convenient sample apartments. All the appointments of the "Daly House" are first-class in every particular and detail, and ihe cuisine is fully up to the standard of metropolitan hotels of the same class. The house is fitted up with all modern con- veniences, in the most thorough and complete man- ner, rendering it at once a most cheerful and inviting hoste'ry, with every home comfort. It is lighted throughout with gas ; and 'busses connect with all trains. The hotel has large stables in connection, with ample accommodation for 50 horses. Mr. Marsden is an experienced hotel man, and makes a most popular and obliging host, and has lived here since 1882. possible manner. The bed can be used on either side, as both are practically alike. It is a faragon in simplicity, beauty and ease, besides having no place for dust or vermin to collect. This business was established by Mr. O. J. Mitchell in 1880, since when he has been actively engaged in the manufac- ture of spring beds and furniture. His business is a most extensive and comprehensive one, his premises comprising a spacious three-story building, of solid brick, with every modern convenience and appliance for the prosecution of this trade. For the manufac- ture of spring beds two fiats are utilized, each 50x100 feet in dimensions, an average of 25 daily or some 9,000 a year being turned out, the demand fully equalling the supply. The furniture department is one of the largest in this section. Two flats are devoted to this branch, one 40x100 feet in size, and an upper one 40x70 feet, while employment is given to 16 experienced assistants. In this line they make a large number of almost indispensable articles of furniture and upholstered goods, consisting of those articles which combine use, comfort and adornment to the home. In this large and diversified stock may be found common and extension tables, parlor and chamber suites, centre tables, dressing cases, buffets, lounges, and every description of upholstered goods. Mr. Mitchell is also prepared to manufacture furni- ture to order, and guarantee it exactly according to the specified requirements. During the six years this house has been established, the excellent quality of all goods here manufactured has met with public approval, resulting in a business which extends all over the Province. Mr. Mitchell is a native of Humberstone, in the county of Welland, and has 102 TOWN OF INOERSOLL SIR resided here for l6 years. He is a gentleman of mnrked liusincss (lualifications and cxfculive al>ility, and under his careful supervision ihc transactions of this house give promise of constant increase. dam** Molntyr*, Furniture Dealer and Under- taker, Kinfj Street. - A prominent and extensive husiness house in this line is that of Mr. James Mc- Intyre, who for over 30 years ha»> been actively en- gaged as a furniture dealer and undertaker. This business was established by its present proprietor in 1854, and during the many years he has been before the public has ever maintained a high re|)U- tation for his establishment for superior and tlurable articles of furniture.. His premises are situated on King .Street, and comprise a spacious building 60x17 feet in dimensions, where three Hats are utilized for his extensive trade. The stock carried is at all times a large and complete one, and intending house- keepers, whether re.t-class hard- ware establishment. On the second fioor is located the department for galvanized iron work, in which a large business is done. The basement is used for storage purposes, while there are general workrooms in the rear, Mr. Sinclair manufactures galvanized iron cornices, ornamented window caps, also rooting in galvanized iron and tin, and a superior class of galvanized iron eavetroughs, while a specialty is made of dairy apparatus of all kinds. Mr. Sinclair helped to construct the first cheese vat built in Canada, and since then he has given this branch of industry his strict attention, and as a result his line of goods in this direction is unsurpassed, while his trade ex- tends all over the Province. He also does a large busi- ness in plumbing in all its branches ; he emjiloys none but skilled workmen, and gives a |)ersonal super- vision over all work executed. Mr. Sinclair is a native of Dumbarton, .Scotland, and hiis been a resident here for the last 20 years, and to his own individual efforts and business ability have been largely due the success which has attended his en- terprise since its inception. Messrs. Johnston Ic Bsil. Livery Stable, King Street.— One of the finest and most thoroughly e<|ui|)ped establishments in the town of this class is the livery, sales and boarding stables of Messrs. Johnston iV Ijell. The location utili/.e SmHh ft OOa, Importers and Dealers in Dry Goods, Millinery, Mantles, etc., Thames Street. ! — The "Oxford House," as the establishment of I Messrs. J. .S. Smith & Co. is ca1leank locks and shijiping departments. A force of upwards of 150 hands is employed, and their labor is thoroughly systematized, so that the most perfect results are obtained. The safes made by this firm have obtained an enviable reputation throughout the entire Dominion, and are used in the Finance Depart- ment of the Uovernment and most of the iianks and safe-deposit companies throughout the country, as well as large commercial houses. They have given the utmost satisfaction, and have withstood the fierce attacks of the devouring elements and the desperate burglar when many others of different manufacture have succumbed. The members of the firm are gentlemen who have a thorough practical knowledge of every detail of the extensive business they control, and have succeeded in giving to the mercantile public a reliable safeguard, for which they are reaping their reward. RKl'UESKNTATIVK HUSINES8 MKN 105 Th« Lien, Dry Ooodg, J. D. Williamson & Co., 5 aii placing risks with them. Mr. Cunningham is a native of Londonderry, Ireland, but has resided ir> this country for 26 years, and is held in the highest esteem by all who know him. 8. J. Taylor, Flax Mill, Perth Street.— Guelph is rapidly developing into a prominent manufacturing centre of various lines of industry. There are many carri.ige shops, agricultural implement shops, woollen •. ■ hosiery mills, but it was not until a year ago that Guelph cou'd boast of a flax mill. This is a new industry for the " Royal City," and will tend to in- crease her manufacturing importance. The buildings occupied were once used for a foundry, but have beern ■ REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 107 111(1 business it is neces- he made of lich add to |ihe various- protection by the liest Robert led in the iresentative companies leen in the he is per- nts withre- csenls, for e leadintr insurance respected and sub- estern As- sh Ameri- British & iinburgh ; ire District of North class anft be felt in ham is a resided ir> e highest Guelph ufacturing are many s, woollen r ago that is a new end to in- ; buildings have been completely transformed for the purposes required as a flax mill. There are six buildings altogether, and substantially built of stone, being about 40 x 300 feet in dimensions, and two and a-half and one stories in height. Here employment is given to eight compe- tent hands. All the necessary machinery is in use and driven by a 15-horse power engine. Mr. Taylor manufactures the flax into what is known as green tow for upholstering, and his trade extends through- out the Dominion. He buys his flax directly from the farmers in this vicinity, and has large store houses where he keeps the unmanufactured article. The green tow is compressed into small bundles for con- venient shipment. Mr. Taylor is a native of Ireland, and has resided in this country for twenty years. He is a gentleman possessing all the necessary qualifica- tions for business success, and is highly respected Walker is a native of Guelph and was educated here, while Mr. Glass is a native of the United States. I5oth gentlemen are young men full of push, energy and enterprise coupled with ability, and seem bound to establish a business second to none of its kind in the Dominion. Ouolph ea<-rlage Top Company, Walker & Glass, corner Norwich and Dublin .Streets. — Guelph is noted for its many diversified industries and the enterprise of its manufacturers. Among those who may be said to hold the field to themselves in the city is the firm of Walker & (Slass, p.opiietors of the John Blanehfiold, Livery, Board and Sale Stables, Quebec Street. — Among the many excellent livery stables in Guelph must be mentioned that con- ducted by Mr. John Blanchfield on Quebec Street. It has been a matter of succession for 'he past six or I seven years. It was first started by Hiram Anderson, I who conducted it one year and was succeeded by i James Alexander, who had it for two years and ! retired in favor of John Wilson, who did business for ! iS months and then made way for Cutton & Spragge, I who ran it for three months and then made room for James Palmer, who was proprietor for nine months, j and who gave delivery of ihe premises one year ago to Mr. John Blanchfield, the present proprietor, who I appears to have come to stay, as he is building his i custom up steadily, and has made improvements in thp stables which are appreciated by the driving public. The premises occupied are 30x86 feet in dimensions and two stories in height, and substantially built of brick. Here all the accom- modation necessary for stabling and he care of horses are on hand — good ventilation and comfortable bedding. It is also a sale stable, as well as boi.rding and livery. Mr. Blanch- field has 14 horses and 25 vehicles, and drivers are furnished to parties if required. It is one of the most po(Hilar establishments of the kind in the city, and is now meeting with deserved success. Mr. Blanchfield is a native of Canada, and is a gen- tlercin well known and respected by all. Guelph Carriage Top Works, which are located at ' the corner of Norwich and Dublin .Streets, theirs being the only works of the kind in the "Royal City." This business was established seven years ago under the title of Kloepfer & Walker, but last spring a dis- solution of partnership took place, and Mr. Walker continued the business, taking in Mr. Glass as a i partner. They manufacture all kinds of carriage ' ti^ps and trimmings. They have their own black- .niths, and make all the iron work as well as the leather part, completing the tops for the carriage makers and jobbers. The premises occupied arc 50x125 feet in dimensions and two and a half stories in height. Then there is an L building projecting in rear of the main structure, which is used as the ! blacksmith shop and boiler room, and is 50x25 feet in dimensions and one story in height. The building^ is entirely heated by steam from the boiler in the ! blacksmith shop, which is a great improvement over fires. Employment is given to 32 hands, male and 1 female. The trade of the concern extends all over ; the Dominion, and negotiations are now being made i which will extend it into foreign countries. Mr. I Cormaek & Keleher, Mer- chant Tailors, etc., Wyndham St.— When the " Royal City" was yet in its infancy and its business houses were not very plentiful, Mr. Cormaek started in the business of a merchant tailor ; that was thiriy years ago, and during all those years the business has maintained a steady and uninterrupted growth despite of persistent com- petition, until today it stands firmly established, with business extending throughout the city, county and Dominion. In 1 878 Mr. Cormaek took in a jiarlner, Mr. Keleher, and the title of the firm then became Cormaek & Keleher, the establishment being located on Lower Wyndham Street. The premises occupied are 35x85 feet in dimensions and three stories in height, being spacious and commodious. Employ- ment is given to 30 competent assistants and opera- tors. Messrs. Cormaek iness success. W. H. Kellett, Pop Manufacturer, 93 London Road. — T .- nvigorating and refreshing power of the beverages made by Mr. Kellett make them doubly grateful as pleasing, non-intoxicating drinks, exhila- rating and revivifying, having a ready sale through- out the c\ and surrounding sections of country. Mr. Kellelt lias been established in business for the past five years, having bought the plant from, his pre- decessor, Mr. C. E. -Starr, which consists o( three cylinders, bottling apparatus, two bottling tables, a machine for charging syphons, etc. He manufac- tures pop, ginger ale, cream soda, sarsaparilla, lemon soda and plain soda, which, for superior quality, are not excelled by any other manufacturer. He keeps a two-horse team for the country ajid a one-horse waggon for city delivery. Mis premises are located at I well lighted and ventilated, and comfortably furnishe" : parlors, sitting rooms, and a spacious dining room, I tastefully furnished, where will be found an excellent me/iu, which cannot be surpassed by any other hotel in Ontario, all the delicacies of the season being 1 served. The cuisine is all the most fastidious could desire, and is under the charge of an experienced i/ie/. There is a neatly fitted up bar and a spacious and handsome business office, together with fine I sample rooms for commercial travellers. The hotel being situated near the depot, is easy of access to ; travellers, who take due advantage of its location as , well as its liberal treatment. And we can safely say that for home comforts this hotel has no e<|ual in Canada. Mr. Watts is a gentleman who makes a genial and painstaking host, and is very popular in the community. The Oiielph Carpet Factory, J. iV A. Arm- strong & Co. ,Neeve Street. — Among the special industries of Cuelph holding a leading position is that of carpet weaving, the representative house in this line being the well known Guelph Carpet Fac- tory on Neeve Street, of which Messrs. J. & A. Armstrong iV Co. are the proprietors. This business was established fourteen years ago, and during that time has grown to large proportions, the trade now extending throughout the Dominion. They nianu facture all kinds of woollen, union and ingrain carpets of a high quality, mostly foreign wools being used, being of a better grade than the domestic. The premises occui)ied are 140x140 feet in dimensions, in detached buildings, principally built of stone and two m 110 CITY OF GUELPH Hi stories in height. The diflferent departments are the weaving and dyeing, and the stock rooin and business office. The machinery, which is the n.ost improvp-!, is run l)y a 35-horse power engine. Employinent is given to fifty skilled help on an average, and the out- put of the factory is from thirty-five to forty pieces per week. Both Mr. J. and Mr. A. Armstrong are natives of Scotland, and Mr. K. Dodds, the other partner, is also a native of that country. They are gentlemen of energy, perseverance and enterprise, and have established iheir business upon a sure foundation. Ryan, Berkinshaw fc Co., Dry Goods, Car- pets, Millinery, etc., 93 Upper Wyndham Street. — When the city of Gael '■' was still in its infancy, the business now conducted by Messrs. Ryan, Berkin- shaw (t Co. was established by John Hogg ; that was in the year 1852. The business was well managed, and soon grew in popular favor and patronage, and twelve years .ago it was moved from the old stand further down the street to the present location at 93 Upper Wynd- ham Street, where more fitting accom- modation was found. Mr. Hogg was well known in town and country by his sign of "The Wopderlul Man," which s til 1 stands over the door. The present firm suc- ceeded to the busi- ness in February of the pre.sent year, and since that time the business ha.4 more rapidly increased over the previous ex- tended trade, the new blood infused into the business showing its immedi- ate effect. The firm have taken for their motto " A nimble si.xpence is better than a slow sliil- bng," and they sell goods upon that principle. The premises occupied are large and commodious, being 28 x 150 feet in dimensions and three stories in height. Here is a complete and well selected stock of dry goods, carpets, tweeds, ready-made clothing, and the firm manufacture millinery and do dress- making to order. They give employment to thirty- three assistants and operators throughout the year. Their trade extends throughout the city and country. Mr. liyan, the senior partner, is a Canadian by birth, and was in the dry goods business in Orangevillc for six years, and subsecpiently in Barrie for four years. Mr. Berkinshaw is also a native of Canada, and was for many years with the great dry goods house of John Macdonald i!t Co. ,of Toronto. Both gentle- men are possessed of energy, perseverance and push, combined with ability, and are highly esteemed in the community. not suffer for the want of dry goods, millinery or mantles, for there are many first-class houses from which to make their selections. Among those pro- minent in this line is the Jones' Dry Goods Company, of 85 Wyndham Street. This house was established three years ago, and has rapidly developed in its trade relations, which now extend throughout the city and country. The premises occupied are 24x120 feet in dimensions, being spacious and commodious, and fully stocked with a complete and well assorted line of staple and fancy dry goods, all of the latest patterns and fashionable designs. Here also skilled operators are employed in mantle making and millinery; the style of garments turned out being second to none in the city, for which reason ihe house is largely patronized by the ladies of the city and surrounding country. Employment is given to eleven assistants, who are courteous and painstaking to serve customers. Mr. Jones, the proprietor, is a young gentleman of marked business ability, enterprise and energy, and is Secretary of the Guelph Hoard of Trade, a position whi( h he fills to the entire satisfaction of the Board and with credit to himself. He is a native of Canada, anil much esteemed by all who know him. Jonas' Dry Oooda Company, 85 Wyndham Street. — Certainly the ladies of the " Royal City" need David Tripp, Boots and Shoes, Wyndham St. — Situated in the centre of commercial activity on the principal thoroughfare of trade, on Wyndham Street, and carrying one of the most complete stocks of boots, shoes, rubbers, etc., Mr. Tripp stands promi- nent as one of the representative men in the line in the city. Established 1 5 years ago, it has had a long, honorable and prosperous career, and has grown in commercial importance as the years went past. The premises occupied aie commodious and well adapted to the business, being 22x30 feet in dimensions, anil are stored with a large and complete stock of goods of all kinds and descriptions in the boot and shoe line. The house possesses every known facility for the succcssfid prosecution of the business, and owing to Mr. Tripp's long experience, andhis wiile-spread and intimate relations with manufacturers, he is enabled to offer 10 the public inducements in the way of first- class reliable goods at low prices, not surpassed by any other boot and shoe house in the city. C. W. Rowan, Dea'er in l?oots and Shoes, Kirk's Old Stand, Upper Wyndham .Street. — Boots and shoes are an absolute necessity in any civilized community or cold climate. Expose the feet to ilamp and cold, the health is undermined, and consumption or speedy death set in. ConsKptently those who deal in boots and shoes have a wide field for custom. Among those who hold a prominent position in this line of industry is Mr. C. W. Rowen, whose premises are located at 75 Upper Wyndam Street, 3 doors above the Post Office. They are 12x110 feet in dimensions and three stories in height, and well stocked with a well assorted selection of boots and shoes of all kinds, from the finest of kid to the heaviest kip. Mr. Rowen established the business for himself two and a half years ago at Kirk's old stand. He does a large business both in city and country, and pur- chasing, as he does, directly from the manufacturer, in large quantities for cash, and selling for the same, he is enabled to give his customers the benefit in a reduced price. He gives employment to four assist- ants. Mr. Rowen is a native of the United States, and is possessed of all those go-ahead qualities in- herent in that enterprising race. ■St I-.. W. SunUy, Dealer in Coal and Wood Stoves, Ranges, Cast Iron Pumps, Sinks, etc., Mariy Messrs. Louis lireilhaupt & Co., of lierliii. This business was established in 1858 by the late Mr. Louis Hreithaupt, and in its inception was not, comparatively speaking, ol large pro|)ortions, but on account of tlie superior quality of tlie leather manufactured, and the perse- vering energy and enterprise of the inceptor, it rapidly developed, extending in volume year by year, until it reached its present immense proportions, On the decease of the founder in 18S0, the business was carried on under the management of his three sons, Mr. Louis J., Mr. William II. and John C. Breithaupt, under the direction of the executrix and executors. The said L. (. and W. H. are the ex- ecutors, their mother, Mrs. Catharine Breithaupt, being executrix. The sons are young men, but understanding the heavy responsibility resting upon their shoulders, and being gentlemen of sound com mon sense and more than ordinary business ability, have not only mamlained the former standing of the firm but have materially developed it ; and finding that it was necessary to increase their production to fill orders, it was found necessary to build a new tannery, and so a large and sul)stantial structure was erected at Penetanguishene, on the shores of the Georgian Bay, where hendock bark coidd be obtained in sufficient (piantities for their re<|uirements. This new tannery manufactures -Spanish sole leather only and is one of the largest of its kind, and is said to be the model tannery of the Dominion, having a capacity for turning out 700 sides per week. The tannery there is fitted up with all the latest and most improved machinery and appliances known to the trade. The tannery in Berlin has a capacity of 1,000 sides per week of sole and harness leather, peerless calf, peerless veal kips, prime upper, etc. The firm also at their warehouse on Queen Street carry all kinds of foreign leathers, .shoe findings, tanners' tools, etc. They sell both wholesale and retail, and being themselves manufacturers as stated, are always prepared to give the best value, both in quality and prices, of any leather house in the Dominion. C. Sehnenkor, Photographer, King St.— The art of photography, possibly more than any other line of business, has made most rapid improvement the usual proces during the past fen years. Not a year has passed in that lime but new methods and appliances have been invented to develop the art and make a ))hotograph "a thing of beauty and a joy forever." Among the number prominently engaged i" this line in Berlin is Mr, C. Schnenker, whose studio i,, located on King Slreet. This business was estab- lished 10 years ago by Mr. L. IL Wilder, who conducted it for seven years, when he was succeeded by the present proprietor. Mr. .Schnenker IS a thorough artist, and does all lines of the photographer's art, in- cluding crayon, India ink, water color and oil work, and, of course, ss by photography. The work exe- cuted by this gentleman is exceptionally fine and life-like, and his enlargements in crayon are works of art which it would be difficult to excel, while the prices he charges are remarkably low. The operating room is 12x35 feet in dimensions, and the reception ' room is of similar proportions. Mr. Schnenker is ! a native of Canada. /inr Pequegnat Bros*, Watchmakers and Jewellers, Berlin and Waterloo. — The inhabitants of Berlin are well supplied not only with the necessaries but also the luxuries and adornments of life, and there can be no excuse for going out of town to make purchases, when the mer chants here keep such ex- cellent stocks and sell at thi 1 owest i)os- s i b 1 e prices. Among those engaged in the watchmaking and jewellery business must be mentionei Messrs. Pc- ([uegnatBros., whose estab- lishment is located on King St. East. This business has been es- tablished for over 1 1 years, and since its inception has met with very favorable suc- cess, the development being very gratifying. The premises occupied are 11x50 feet, with a very nice stock of watches, clocks, chains, rings, brooches, scarf pins, and such other articles in this line as are usually to be found in a first-class jewellery establish- ment. The firm also make a speciality of watch repairing, of which they do a great deal. They give employment to three competent and skilled assistants. going out of town to make purchases, Hampden Watches REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 117 and their trade extends thri)iighoiU the town and country. They also do a large jobbing trade, and give their customers the i)enefit of the lowest market prices, thus ensuring a continuance of tlieir custom. Messrs. Pc(|uegnat Bros, started with almost nothing, l)ut by |iersever«nce, thrift, enterprise and ability, have Innlt up an excellent business ; not only this, but they havf started seven other parties in difrerent places, who are now doing well. They have also another store of their own located in Waterloo, which is a branch of the Berlin house. Messrs. Pe(|uegnat Uros. are natives of .Switzerland, the land that pro- duced William Tell. They are wideawake business men, and have the esteem of the community in which they reside. They have been in this coun- try over 13 years. F. Oi Oardlnar. Dominion Pianos and Organs, King Street East,— The above-mentioned gentleman has been established in b-isiness in Berlin for the past three years as agent for Waterloo county for the celebrated Dominion Pianos and Organs, and since Starting in business here he has met with pronounced success. It requires very little to be said in favor of these instruments ; they are well and favorably known throughout the entire Dominion. The works of the Company are located in Bowmanville, and are the largest and most complete of their kind in the country. During the past two years the demand for the Dominion organs has more than doubled, and they are now to be found in England, Australia, West Indies, South America, Germany, Russia, and almost every civilized country on the face of the globe. At the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia in 1876, it was the only Canadian organ receiving an international medal and diploma of honor. This they received against 40 other competitors, the points of excellence being "a pure and satisfying tone, simple and et)icient stop action, an elastic touch, and good general workmanship." Mr, ( iardiner has an agency of which he may well be proud, for the instruments speak for themselves if the record of the manufacturers is not sufficient. The warerooms he (iccu|)ies on King Street East are 20x50 feet in dimensions and two stories in height. He gives employment to three assistants, and has two teams in use in his business. He is a native of Canada, an active and enterprising business man, liberal in his dealings and straightforward in all his transactions. lie was Town Councillor in Mount Korest, where he resided previous to coming to Berlin. W> Lit Sohmidt, General Merchandise, Golden Lion Store, King .Street East. — In Berlin there is a gotxi deal of barter transacted l)etween the farmers and storekeepers, the farmers bringing in produce and exchanging it for other commodities. On this account there are many stores where groceries, dry goods, L;lassware, etc., are kept in general stock. Holding a prominent place among those doing busi- ness in this manner is Mr. W. L. Schmidt, whose store is located on King .Street East, where he has been establishfd for the past five years. The ])re- mises occupied are 24x100 feei in dimensions, and are well stocked with a large and well .issorted slock of dry goods, groceries, glassware, etc., carefully selected, and sold at the lowest market value either for cash or in exchange. The business since its inception has increased steadily year by year, and shows at present marked tendencies to further de- velopment. Mr. .Schmidt gives employment to three comjiL'tent and obliging assistants on an average throughout the year. lie is a native of Canada, arid a capable and enterprising business man, who, by hard work and close attention, has built up his busi- ness to its jiresent standpoint. He is a member of the Berlin Boarable busine.ss man, who thoroughly understands the wants of the public. Hymmcn Bros. Ii Oh«inb«rl«in, Ilani- ware, Stoves, Pumps, etc., King Street. — The hardware trade of Merlin is one in which a large amount of capital is invested, and in which employ- ment is furnished to many hands. The goods bandied are those in use in all building operations, houses, stores, offices, etc., and conse(|uently the demand is large and the field of operations extensive. I mong those actively and promniently engaged in this line of i-.dustry is the firm of Messrs. Hynimcn vicinity Mr. Hcrtel is also a contractor and builder, and does considerable work in this line around town and country, throughout which section his busines.s exten« manufacturers of Patent Compressed Insoles, Upholsterers' Wool Batting and Flock. — The manufacturing industries of Berlin are varied in character and important in extent, and aid materially in developing the commercial prosperity of the town. Among the number of prominent specialties may be mentioned that conducted by J. T. Huber & Co., manufacturers of patent compressed insoles, upholsterers' wool batting and flock. The present firm succeeded Mr. George H. Nelson two years ago, and putting fresh life and vigor into the enterprise, are increasing the business weekly. The premises occupied, which are located near the Grand Trunk Railway station, are 50x100 feet in dimensions and two stories in height, where employment is furnished to 20 skillful workmen. The machinery used is all of the latest and most improved designs, consisting of carding and batting machines, pickers, etc., which are operated by a 30-horse power steam engine with boiler of 40-horse power. The product of the works is sold throughout the entire of Canada to shoe manufacturers, upholsterers and cabinet makers, amongst whom it is in active demand. Mr. Huber is always on the lookout for improvements, and is constantly adding to his reputation for the excellent quality of material manufactured by him, which is the cause of his constantly growing trade. J> E> Neville, Chemist and Druggist, King Street East. — Holding a prominent place among the che- mists and druggists of Berlin is Mr. J. E. Neville, who has been established in business for over four years, and since the inception of his busine.ss he has found it constantly increasing, the trade now extend- ing throughout the town and country. The premises occupied, which are located on King Street East, are 12x40 .'eet in dimensions, and tastefully and suit- ably fitted up for the "-equirements of the business. Mr. Neville keeps a large and carefully selected stock of fresh and pure drugs and chemicals, toilet articles, perfumes, sponges and thoroughly attested and reliable proprietary medicines, etc. He also makes a specialty of physicians' prescriptions and CITY OF Sr. THOMAS 121 CITY OF ST. THOMAS. The city of St. Thomas is an instance of the wonderful beneficial effects which railroads have upon a place. St. Thomas was first settled in 1810, on the banks of Kettle Creek, in Yarmouth township, Elgin county. The site was well chosen, for it is in the midst ol a rich farming counrry, with Port Stanley to the south on Lake Erie, only 9 miles distant. The soil in the country surrounding St. Thomas is rich and fertile, and all kinds of vegetables and fruit, as well r.s grain, can be raised in abundance. It was slow 01' growth at hrst, however, being comparatively f'.mt out from the rest of the country, but, upon the commencement of the building of the railroad, it made a sudden jump such as was never known before in the history of any town c city m the Dominion. In 1852, when it was incorporated as a village, it had a population of 1,300, and in 1870, when the construction of the railroads commenced, it was still sparsely inhal)ite'l, having gained only 700 in 18 years, making the population then 2,000. In 6 years more, how- ever, it had increased to 6,000 ; people were Hocking in from every direction like the gold hunters to California in "'49." Those who had or could borrow money were erecting stores, and blocks, and dv.elling houses, and still the boom continued, for in 1881 when ,St. Thomas was, in the flush of its pride, incorporated as a city it had 10,000 inhabitants, and in two years after it had increased one thousand more. But the thing -.vas over-done ; it was, so to speak, a city of stores without manufacturing establish- ments. When in 1885 a new assessor had been elected, and hau raised the assessments, there were hundreds of appeals : the people could not stand it and many were "froze out," and very many empty stores were to be seen. Hut St. Thomas is most favorably situated now, with railroads running to the fo. r points of the compass. It is bound to g'ow and prosper ; it was the suddenness of the "boom " in which lay the error. It is a most important railway centre, being the principal station in Canada of the Canada Division of the Michigan Central Railroad, and the point of junction of the St. Clair Branch ; also on the Loop Line and London it Port Stanley Branch of the Great Western Division of the Grand Trunk Railway. By the London iV Port Stanley Branch it has direct access with London on the north, 14 miles distant, and I'ort Stanley, 9 miles south, on Lake Erie, from whence steamers and vessels run to Cleveland, Ohio, and other lake points. It is also an important place from the fact that it is the county seat of Elgin. The workshops here of the Michigan Central Railroad are very extensive, in which a large number of men are employed. There are also now many manufacturing establishments, such as saw and planing mills, flour mills, foundries, agricultural implement works, tanneries, furniture factories, marble yards, monumental works, etc. In religious matters, St. Thomas is well supplied with sacred edifices, and as a rule they are handsome and subst.anlial structures, principally of the modern style of architecture There are 13 churches in all, ol the following denominations : Episcopal, Catholic, Baptist, .Methodist, Presbyterian, Congregationalist, Reformed Episcopal, and Bible Christian. Educational matters are as well taken care of here as in any city in Canada. In the first place, the principal educational building in St. Thomas, though devoted entirely to the education of young Kidies, and is controlled by the different religious denominations, is the Alma Ladies' College, a very hantlsome stnunure, which cost $70,000 to erect. There are a Collegiate Institute, for the higlicr branches of educa- tion and model, ward and separate schools, having an average annual attendance of 2,000 pupils and 33 teachers. There is a free Public Library containing 6, coo volumes. There is a Town Hall having a seating capacity of 400, and the Opera House with a seating capacity of 900. It is mooted to form a joint stock company and erect a building to contain an opera house capable of seating from 1,500 to 2,000, and having store? on the first floor ; and this project will in all probability be incepted this summer. There are 4 chartered banks, and a number of savings and loan societies. The new Pos, Oflice is a very handsome structure, well worthy of the city. The same building contains the Government offices and cost $50,000. There is also a Court House and County Gaol. Two daily papers, the Jountal and Times, 1)0th issuing weekly editions, keep the inhabitants informed on local affairs and the world's doings. The city is lighted with gas, and the water supply is on the Holly system, but has not yet been utilized for tlomestic use. Thoy have a good paid fire department, telephone communication. Great North-Western Telegraph Company, Dominion and American Express, and the mail is received from all points daily. It was at this city that the famous elephant. Jumbo, that came from England with so much cdal, was killed by a freight train. .St, Thomas has bright prospects in store for it, and by united action on the part of the council of the •jast and west wards, there is no reason why in ten years it should not double its present population of 1 1, coo. ' ' ^ [ _ ,:.- . :' ^, ■"•■;'" ■ .■ • I m 122 CITY OF ST. THOMAS St. Thomas Featherbone Co. i limited); Factory and Office No. 651 Talbot Street. - The old adage that " there is iiothinj; new under the sun," h rather obsolete in these days of inventions and rapid progress. Sc.T^ely a day passes without something new being evolved from the inventive brain of man. Among the latest inventions that have appeared in Canada is that which is known as " F. atherbonc," the birds of the air and the fowl of the farm yard giving the poor old whale a slap in the face with their wings, so to speak. As the name implies, "featherbone" is intended to supersede whalebone, and there is but little doubt that it will succeed, being much cheaper, and altogether better for the purposes intended. The bone, or (piill portion of the feathers, is cut out, split into strands, woven, and made up in (lifT»rent colors and in different widths for stiffening for ladies' dresses, corsets, etc. Whips are also made from it, which is far superior to the whalebone, being far more durable and pliable, and not injured by either extremes of heat or cold. 'In St. Thomas a factory for its manufacture has been started, i ofli" Talbot on Manitoba Street, opposite the C. S. i ilepot, by the St. Thcmias Featherbone Co. (Limited), ; who hold the right to manufacture for Canada from \ the patentee, Mr. Warren, of Three Oaks, Mich. The premises occupied are 30x60 and 30x40, respect ively, and each two stories in height, where employ- ment is given to over loo and nioie, as the business increases, and special machinery, made for tlie ex- press purpose, is used. Mr. 0. K. Ilolden, an •■Vmerica", is Manager ; Mr. S. Chant, a Canadian, is Secretary, and Dr. Corlis, of St. Thomas, is the Treasurer of the Company. Thecapit.d sub.scribed is $20,000, and the busines.; is now in full blast, and turning out a large quantity of featherbone and feather- bone corsets daily. They have received orders from as far west as Winnipeg and as far east as St. John, N. 1!. , and in fact from .all parts of the Dominion ; and with the above named gentlemen to manage and con- duct its affairs, it promises unqualified success, and to be one of the leading manufacturing industiies of the Dominion. This firm has in coimection a corset factory, where a large number of hands are employed, to supply the already larg" demand for their celebrated Featherbone Corset. Mr. Ilolden will act as General Manager of both factories. Trial order solicited, and all orders promptly attended to. Star Loan Company, D. M. Tait, Ksq., Manager, 181 Talbot Street. .Among the monetary institutions of the country there are none of greater importance in a community situated like that of St. Thomas and the surrounding country, than reliable loan companies. Lending money upon good real estate security, they help the farmers and merchants in mercantile and agricultural jiursuits at a time when ready money is of the utmost value. Among the most prominent and reliable companies of this nature in St. Thomas is the Star Loan Company, whose office is located at No. 181 Talbot .Street, where they have been establisheil for the oast five yars. The busin'- ,s of the Company has beer safe and moderate, they making no special eflbrts to extend their business, but exercising great care in the selection of loans. The net profits for the past were over seven per cent, on the paid- up capital. One most satisfactory item in the history of the Company is that it has never lost a dollar of principal or interest, nor have they any real estate left on their hands. This is surely a record of which the Company may well feel proud, and which reflects great credit upon the ability of the Manager, Ij. M. Tait, Fsq. The Company also do a savings bank business in connection with their loan depart- ment, and allow the current rate of interest on all deposits. The President of the Company is G. E. Casey, M.P. ; Vice-1'residents, J. 1'. Finlay, Esq., and C. B. Spohn, Esq. ; Directors, Hon. David Mills. M.P., J. H. Wilson, M.D., M.P., J. P. Martyn, Esq., A. N. C. Black, Esq., John Risdon, Esq., Charles King, Ksq., London ; C. IL Spohn, Es La Easion, Stock and Insurance Broker, 320 Talbot Street. — Amorg the many business and financial operations in .St. Thomas is that of stock brokerage and insurance. Holding a leading place in this line of industry is Mr. J. L. Easton, whose office is located at Xo. 320 Talbot Street, where he has been established for over a year. Thore who require the advice of an honorable business man will find Mr. Easton to be among the best informed in .St. Thomas regarding the sale of stocks, bonds, etc., or in conducting any financial transaction. Reconducts a large business, buying and selling all first class relia- ble bank and other miscellaneous stocks, ;: 'd through his extensive connections has the best opportunities for serving the intere-ts of his numerous clients. He give, prompt attention to all orders or inquiries by telegraph, and always makes sales or purchases ol investment securities in the most satisfactory manner. -Mr. Easton is also agent for the .Stantlard Life Insurance Company, which is one of the most reliable doing business in Canada. Mr. Easton is a native of Scotland, and has resided in this country for several years. He is a thoroughly go-ahead, pushing and enterprising gentleman, and worthy of ah success. stantial companies, and no one can go astray by placing their risks in these companies ; they have stood the test o( years, and are well known at home and abroad. Besides insurance, Mr. Voumans does a real estate liiisiness, buying and selling on commis- sion, -nd taking charge ol all real estate matters placed in his hands, lie has had considerable ex- perience in this line, and understands eve/y detail of I the business. He is also an issuer of marriage li- censes. Mr. ^'oumans is a native of Prince Edward county, and is a thorough-going business man, and highly esteemed and respected. He served one year, with credit, as City Clerk of St. Thomi.'. W. E. YoumanSi Insurance and Real Estate, Talbot Street.- About the necessity for insurance as a mea.suie tA security to property there can be no question, but with most persons the difficulty lies in the selection of a company in which to take out a policy. There are a number of companies doing business in Canada that are entitled to public confi- dence, and among these may be mentioned tho.se represented by Mr. W. E. Youmans. They are the Norwich Union, of England (fire) ; the Qucin's, of England (fire and life) ; l''ire Insurance As.socia- tion, of England ; Royal Canadian, of Montreal ; and the Agricultural Insurance Company, of Water- town, N.V. (fire and life). These are all good sub- Uas. SmKher, Merchant Tailor, Importer r>f Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, 571 Talbot .Street. - In any civilized community the merchant tailor piajs j an important part, for " the world "" too often judges ' a man by the clothes he wears, although it must be ' confessed that it is as a rule a very good index to a man's character. Among those prominently engaged ! in the dry goods and merchant tailoring line in .St. Thomas is Mr. James .Smilher, who has been estab- lished in the business during the past eleven years. ! The premises occupied by him, which are tas'.efulh- and ' suitably fitted up, are 25x100 feet in dimensions, and [ are located at No. 57J Talbot Street. Mr. .Smither carries a largo and well selected stock of staple and fancy dry goods, which he purchases from first hands and thus obtains the lowest prices ujion them, so that he is enabletl to give his customers the benefit. In the merchant tailoring department he carries a very choice stock of imported and domestic tweeds, wool- , lens, ci.)alings, etc., of the best quality and latest ' designs, which he mnkes up to order in the best of style, perfect in fit and of the most fashionable cut, qualities in which he cannot besurjiassed by any other : house in the city. He gives employment to 13 com- petent a.ssislants and workmen ; his trade extending : throughout the city and country. Mr. Smither is a native of England and has resided in this country for many years. He is a progressive business man and held in high esteem in the community. W> H> Brown, Dealer in Engineers' and Steam Fitters' .Supplies, Wholesale and Retail, 365 Talbot .Street. — One of the most important points in thpbuildingof a houseor other structure to be inhabited is the plumbing. The least defect in the piping may cause sickness and death, as it has too often done, without the cause being known until too late. Fevers, etc., lurk in defective drainage and sewer connecting pijjes, aiul it is absolutely necessary, therefore, that the work should be done by a competent sanitary plumber. Prominent among those in this line of Inisiness in St. Thomas is W. H. Brown, whose shop is locate' in real estate, buying and selling on commission. Jle is also a valuator for two loan companies and for several private parties. He is a native of Nova .Scotia, and was a member of the Town Council of St. Thomas, and is at present a trustee of the Public Schools. R. Elliott, Photographer, 261 Talbot Street. - During the past 20 years the photographic art has been most wonderfully developed and improved. Not a year has passed during that time but science has stepped in with some invention of intrinsic value that materially advanced the way to perfection in photography. Nta can it be said that the climay is yet reached, although photography may now be classed among the fine arts. Among those promi- nently engaged in this line of business in .St. Thomas is Mr. R. Elliott, whose studio is located at No. 261 Talbot Street. This business was originally estab- lished some years ago by Mr. lulward Blackmore, who was succeeded last summer by Mr. Elliott. The premises occupied are for the store and order room 20x60 feet in dimensions, and the operating room, which is in the rear, 20x40 feet. Mr. Elliott does all kinds of photography, cabinets, enlarging, etc. ; India ink, crayon, water color, etc., in the very best style of the art and at most reasonable prices. Besides his studio and photographic busi- ness, .Mr. Elliott sells pictures, picture frames, fancy goods, artists' materials, and also wall papers of every description. He gives employment to three assistants. Mr. Elliott is a native of Canada, and is a persevering, energetic and enterprising business 1 man and well worthy of all success. 128 CITY OF ST. THOMAS ^ il. il. Blaokmor* Ir Co., Sheffield House, 225 Talbot Street. — A careful review of the commercial interests of St. Thomas develops the existence of a class of houses in every resjiect prepared to compete in the several lines they represent with the lival establishments of any city. Among such must be mentioned the well-known firm of Messrs. J. ]. Ulackmore & Co., of the " ShefTieUI House,' which is. located at 225 Talbot Street. This business has been established for eight years by the present firm, who succeeded Messrs. Booth & Son, who had it for three years. The premises occupied are large and commodious, beinK 20x110 feet in dimensions and three stories in height. These are well arranged for the line of business conducted. Of the magnitude, variety and character of the s*Oi;i< carried it would be impi^ssible to speak too highly. It contains every description of domestic, British and foreign hardware, lead, tin, cutlery, stoves and ranges, baths, pumps, lamps and chandeliers, silverware, knives, forks and woodenwarc, baby carriages, etc. In every depart- ment the facilities of the house are of the highest character for enabing it to offer the best (|uality of goods to the public at the lowest prices, and includes the most intimate relations with manufacturers and direct importers. The firm give employment to twelve assistants throughout the year. They also do a large contract business in plumbing, gas and steam fitting throughout the country, sometimes employing as many as 25 hands on their work. They did the steam fitting on the Hamilton Custom House and Post Office, the contract price being $8,000. Also the .Stratford Court House and Jail, for a similar amount, and many other large contracts in the v/estern section of Ontario. Xir. Blackmore is a native of Canada, and is a typical business man, full of energy and enterprise, and is conducting one ol the most successful businesses in St. Thomas. well-dressed man betokens the gentleman, while the I "loudly" or flashily dressed the reverse. It is an j important matter that a person who has not a special I taste in matters of dress themselves should go to a I first-class merchant tailor and submit to his judg- ment, while it is equally necessary for those who are possessed of taste to place their orders in the hands of an expert. Among those prominently engaged in the merchant tailoring business in this ciiy is Mr. A. Murray, whose premises are located at No. 298 Talbot Street. This business was establishetl in 1872, and since its inception has gradually and steadily advanced in volume and importance. The premises occupied are 18x60 feet in dimensions, and are tastefully fitted up for the requirements of the business. Here is carried a large and well selected stock of English, Scotch and French tweeds, and other cloths, as well as Canadian fabrics, from which to select. The garments maile by Mr. Murray are not surpassed in the city for perfection ol fit, style of cut or quality of material. He gives employment to skilled workmen and competent operators. Mr. Murray is a native of Scotland, and has been in this ■ country since 1866. He is a practical tailor and a thorough business man, and is building up an excel- I lent trade, of which he is highly deserving. F. C. Paulln & Co., Dealers in Shelf and Builders' Hardware, .Silverware, etc.. Stoves, Tin- ware, Lamp Goods and House Furnishings, No. 579 Talbot .Street. — Prominent among the business estab- ; lishments which line Talbot Street must be mentioneii that of Messrs. F. C. Paulin i-V Co., hardware merchants, whose store is located at 579 on that street. This firm has been established in business for five and a hall years, four of which they have been in their present stand. The premises occupied by them are 24x100 feet in dimensions, and are used to their utmost capacity to contain the large and well assorted slock of stoves, tinware, shelf and builders" hardware, silverware, cutlery, lamp goods and house ! furnishings. There is hardly anything 'n the hard- \, ware line but may be found in this establishment, and the goods are sold at the barest margin of profit. Since the inception of this business it has continued I steadily to increase and expand, and is still improv- I ing. The firm give employment to nine competent and courteous assistants, and use one delivery waggon : in the prosecution of their business, which extends throughout the city and country. Mr. Paulin, the proprietor, is a native of Woodstock, Canada, and is ! a gentleman of much business energy, tact and en- terprise, and is well deserving of that measure of success which he is attaining. A. Murray, Merchant Tailor, 298 Talbot Street. — It is an undeniable (act that society is judged in a great measure by the clothes it wears. As a rule a John Whife & Son, Merchant Tailors, Im- porters of American, French and Scotch Tweeds, i Fine Tailoring a specialty, 288 Talbot .Street. — j Among the oldest established business houses in St, Thomas is that at present conducted by the above mentioned firm. Mr. John White started the tailor- ; ing business for himself in a very small way over 35 i years ago, when the houses in St. Thomas were few and far between, and when the ultra fashionable ! garments now in vogue were not so much in demand as the especially serviceable ; but times have changed, ! and now Messrs. John White & .Son are the leading i tailors in the city, and do one of the best and most j fashionable liiies of business in St. Thomas. Mr. W. 1 K. White,the son, was admitted to partnership three I years ago. The premises occupied are 12x65 feet in I dimensions and two stories in height, and employment REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN lao is furnished to 15 competent assistants mil operators. The linn import largely of P'rench, American and Scotch tweeds and other cloths, of which they carry a very large stock from which to select. The gar- ments made by this house are perfect in fit and the most fashionable in cut, and they will not permit an unsatisfactory garment to leave their estahlishment, which has given them a wide-spread reputation. They have customers not only all over St. Thomas but also in Detroit and Buffalo. They have built up an excellent custom, of which they are richly deserv- ing. Mr. John White is a native of England, and his son was born in St. Thomas. Both gentlemen are held in high esteem in the community. Smith who first founded the l)usines< about thirteen years ago. Mr. Old manufactures " Old's Electric Cough Syrup," "Old's Extract of Wild Strawberry," and " Old's None Such," which is a pain killer, etc. Mr. Old is a native of Canada, and is a gentleman esteemed by the whole community, and as a useful, influential citizen holds a conspicuous position in the community. Ooedwin & ilannings, Furniture Manufacturers and Undertakers, corner Hincks and Talbot Streets. —Occupying the handsome brick block at the corner of Hincks and Talbot Streets is the furniture and | undertaking establishment of Messrs. Goodwin iV : Jennings. The block was erected a short time ago j i)y Messrs. Goodwin & .Saunders, and is an ornament | to the street. Messrs. Goodwin iV Jennings started their present business 15 years ago, and by energy . and perseverance, coupled with ability and good | workmarship, have built up an excellent custom. The premises occupied are 22x80 feet in dimensions, 4 stories high, an(l basement, where 7 skilled work- men are given emiiloyment. In the basement the ' wood-working is done, all the latest and most im- proved wood-working machinery being used, a gas engine at present supplying the motive power. On . the upper flit the upholstering is done. The firm manufactures all kinds of house and office furniture in all kinds of wood, and they have a wide reputation for the excellence of the work produced by them. In connection with their furniture establishment, they ' conduct an undertaking business, and have two i handsome hearses. They take entire charge of all arrangements for funerals placed in their charge, and i are eminently qualified for the particular duties that ] devolve upon them in this line. Both members of the firm are natives of Canada, and are thorough ] business men possessing the requisite qualities that bring success, of which they are now well assured. A. OowanSi House and Office Furniture, 349 Talbot Street. — The business conducted by the above mentioned gentleman has been established over 21 years, having been founded by Messrs. Strong & Co., who were succeeded by Mr. Gowans two years ago. The premises occupied are 22 x 100 feet in dimensions and three stories in height, which are well stocked with a large and handsome selection of house and office furniture of all descriptions, and in difTerent woods, embracing parlor, bedroom and dining room sets in very handsotne and modern de- signs. Mr. Gowans has all the upholslerv done on the premises by seven skilled workmen in this line. He buys most of his frames from the leading furniture manufacturers in the Dominion, and makes some cabinet work on special orders. His display of goods is very fine, and the most exacting can here be suited as regards style of design, quality of material, work- manship and price. Mr. Gowans' trade extends throughout the city and surrounding sections of country, an;l since the business has come into his possession he has greatly extended anil developed it. He is a native of Scotland, and came to Canada when but a child. He is a thorough -going, persever- ing and enterprising business man, and is eminently deserving of all l)usiness success. He is held in high esteem in the community. R> il. Old, Pharmaceutical Chemist, Chemical Hall, 587 Talbot Street. — Among the pharmacies in St. Thomas there is none held in higher estimation than that of Mr. R. J. Old, which is located at 587 Talbot Street. This gentleman has a very desirable and well appointed establishment, containing a large assortment of the finest drugs and medicine.", pro- |)rietary preparations of acknowledged merit and reputation, fancy toilet articles, perfumery of domestic and foreign importation, cigars and smokers' articles, and all such other goods as belong to the business of the chemist and druggist. The compounding of physicians' prescri])tions is a special department and receives the utmost care, all modern appliances to secure accuracy having been provided. The store is most handsomely fitted up with plate-glafs show cases, etc., and the stock carried is the fullest and most complete in the city. Mr. Old is a graduate of the Ontario College of Pharmacy, and has been established in business for the past six years, having succeeded Mr. C. Mitchell, who succeeded Dr. W. O. Foster & Co., Wholesale and Retail Druggists, 221 Talbot Street. — Among the pharma- cies of St. Thomas there is none held in higher estimation than that conducted by the above mentioned firm, which is known as " City Pharmacy," and is located at 221 Talbot Street. This business has been established over a quarter of a century, Messrs. Foster it Co. having succeeded Mr. C. Mitchell four yeais ago. They have a very desirable and well appointed establishment, 24x80 feet in dimensions, occupying three flats, containing a large assortment of the finest and purest drugs and chemicals, proprietary preparations of acknowledged merit and reputation, fancy ard toilet articles, perfumery of (lomestic and foreign manufacture, and all those articles that belong to the business of a phnrmacist and chemist. The compounding of |)hysicians' prescriptions is a branch of the business holding a paramount position in this establishment, all modern appliances to secure accuracy having been provided. Mr. Foster is a druggist of 27 years' experience, and a' member of the Ontario College of Pharmacy, also of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and is held in high esteem in the com- munity. He puts up several preparations of his own compounding, such as " Blood Purifier," " Rheumatic Remedy," " Pain Killer," "Cholera Remedy," etc. He gives employment to two assistants, one of whom is a graduate of the Ontario College of Pharmacy. Mr. Foster is a Canadian by birth and a careful and reli:ible business man. 180 TOWN OF WOODSTOCK TOWN OI' WOODSTOCK This thriving and enterprising; town is ihe capital of the county of (.)xford, and is fast assuming an important positioi\ amongst liie trade centres o( Western Ontario. It is situated on the south-west corner of the township of Hlandford, on roUinfj ground, with a gravelly soil. It was surveyed and laid out in the year l8j3, and became the district town in 1840. It was originally (dvided into East and West Woodstock, but has so increased that the two portions of the town have gradually approximated, till they now form one continuous street. In distance it is 88 miles from Toronto, and has trainal connection by both the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railways, while it receives an excellent water supply from the Kiver Thames and Cedar Cieek. It was incorporated in 1857, and now has a population of 6,5(X). It is a busy hive of industry, carries on a big trade in Hour, and has saw, woollen and planing mills, tanneries, organ factories and foundries, the manufactures and productions of which circulate in all parts of the Dominion. It possesses churches of all denominations, four public schools, a mechanics' institute, with a library of 5,000 volumes, a college, town hall, three banks, and three weekly papers, the "Times," "Sentinel Review " and the "Oxford Standard." drain and live stock constitute an important item of her trade. The town is neatly laid out, is lighted with gas, and is supplied with water on the Holly system. The asse.ssed valuation of the town is $1,754,860. The excellent water su|)piy of which Woodstock can boast ]irovides ample power for .several important factories. Arthur W. PranoiS, Proprietor and Kditor of the Woodstock 'J'iiiws, and Mayor of Woodstock. The enviable position which the town of Woodstock occupies to-day as an industrial and mercantile centre is due to the energy, enterprise and ability of the inhabitants, and to the wise and judicious gov- ernment of the civic authorities. Prominent among those who have made an impress on the history of the town, in iiiore re- sjH'Cts than one, is Mr. Arthur W. FrancLs, who is proprietor and editor of the Woodstock 'J'iiiu:\ and mayor of the town. Mr. Francis is a native of Liverpool, Isngland, where he was born on the 14th July, 1835. Twen- ty-nine years ago he came t)ut to Canada, .settling trom the first in Wood- stock, which he has since made his home, and in which his career has been a brilliant one. 1 lis first employment was a clerk- ship in the Division Court, obtaining subse- quently a position in the County Treasurer's Of- fice. Mr. Francis was then quite a young man, endowed with a lauda- ble ambition and deter- mined to succeed. A county clerkship was no at- mosphere for such a one to breathe in, and soon a wider arena was to open before him. He became a member of the firm of Clarke & Francis, and carried on a petroleum oil refinery, which fortunately proved a .success. But still Mr. Francis had not yet found ■.K^ that employment in which he was to achieve the great success of his life, namely journalism. Aban- doning the oil refining industry, he bought the 'lima newspaper, a staunch Conservative organ, which had been established in 1854. Prior to Mr. Francis' ac(|uisition of this paper, it had undergone somewhat varying vicissitudes, and the beginning of its end was frecpiently a question of days : but the first day on which the new pro- prietor found himself in the editorial chair, a new epoch was already dawn ing on Its career. It is now thoroughly estab- lished, its crisp and tren- chant editorials command an ever widening area of circulation, while they carry with them that weight and authority which a oleai , calm and intelligent judgment must always secure. The Times is an unflinching supporter of the Macdon- ald Administration, sup- porting its policy with marked ability. Mr. Francis has devoted much of his time to pub- lic affairs, having for a period of years been pro- minently identified with all public questions re- lating to the development of VVoodstock. He ha* been a Councillor for five years, twice Reeve, once Deputy Reeve, when he threw aside all personal con- siderations, and he is now for the second time Mayor of the town. He is also a director and Auditor of the North Riding Agricultural Society, with which REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 181 II he has been identified for twenty years ; was Master of the Masonic Lodge for two years, Noble (irand Master of the Oddfellows' Lodge, Master of the An- cient Order of United Workmen, and a director of the Mechanics' Institute. I'or seven years he" was a member of the volunteer force, and as pay sergeant of No. I Company of the Oxford Killes, turned out during the Kenian raid in 1866, arriving at Port t'olhorne on the evening of the fight at Ridgcw.iy, tht Comiiany being in the advance on the march to that place on the following day, Sunday. Surely this is sufficient evidence of a busy and prosperous career, anri we wish .Mr. Francis a continuation of success in the future. John Whit* Ci OOai Importers of Dry Goods, 445, 447 and 449 Dundas Street. Prominent among the mercantile resources of the town of Woodstock is the dry goods trade. It is thoroughly representa- tive in its character, being conducted with much ability and success. Foremost among those engaged in it here are Messrs. John White & Co. These gentlemen commenced business in iSOo, having since built up a trade which will rank among the largest west of Toronto. The premises occupied are exten- sive, embracing three large double stores, being 100x67 feet in dimensions and three stories in height. They are most elegantly tilted up, being in this re- spect alone inferior to no similar establishment in Canada. The immense trade carried on necessitates the employment of some eighty hands, and in each of the manufacturing departments- specialists are em- [iloyed, the work turned out being unsurpassed, and for which this house has ac(iuired so wide and enviable a reputation. The stock, which is a very large one, is imported direct from the manutacturing centres of the world, and consists chic iy of a com- plete line of sta])le and fancy dry goods, millinery, house furnishings, clothing and carpets, a specialty being made of the latest novelties in the market. The Slock throughout is of excellent quality, and Messrs. John White & Co. being cash buyers, the advantages derived therefrom are extended to the customer, as it is the policy of this house to secure the best possible goods, and to sell them at the most reasonable prices. Another special advantage en- joyed by this house is learned from the fact that two visits a year are made to the British and Kuropean markets, and being in close relations with the manu- facturers, the best goods are secured at prices against which no other house in this section of the country can compete. The manufacturing departments are millinery, mantle-making and clothing. The large and flourishing trade enjoyed by these gentlemen is both wholesale and retail, each year adding consider- ably to its volume. Mr. John W'hite, die founder and head of this house, is a native of Edinburgh, Scotland, having spent the most of his life in this country, his uncle, Mr. itavid White, being among the first settlers in Woodstock. Mr. White is an energetic and thorough man of business, being con- versant with every detail of the business in which he is engaged, and is widely and most favorably known in Woodstock and throughout the surround- ing country. Mr. White is President of the Wood- stock Board of Trade, a position which he has filled for the past seven years ; he is also director of the Oxford PermanenfLoan and Savings Society, a past member of the Municipal Council, and has frequently been tendered the mayoralty of the town, which he has been obliged to decline on account of pressure of business. John A. MoKonsio, General Insurance and Transportation .\gent, 49^ Dundas Street. —In Wcodstock, Mr. John A. McKenzie is a popular and representative agent in the msurance line. This branch of business was assumed by him in 1S79, since when his connections in the various departments of his agency have materially increased, lie represents in accidents several old established and thoroughly reliable companies, whose capital and assets amount to millions, while the rates are as low as are con- sistent with sound financial policy, chief of which are the London Guarantee \ Accident, and the North American (lompanies. Mr. McKenzie is acting agent for both the American and Canadian Kxpress Companies, lie represents the following well-known steamship lines : The White Star, Anchor, National, Allan, Ued Star, anvhich time the trade has gradually but continu- reased, until it has ac(|uireil its present pro- p^ is, extending over the whole Dominion of Canada, in addition to which they do a considerable export trade. The area of ground covered by the works embraces about two acres. The factory is a white brick structure, three stories in htight, and the number of hands employed reaches about 400. This firm has wholesale warerooms in Winnipeg for dis- tribution of goods in the North- West Provinces. The industry carried on here embraces chiefly tlie manu- facture of chairs, wood anil cane furniture, rattan goods and children's carriages, dealing extensively with the leading Canadian furniture dealers. For the manufacture of their goods .Messrs. James Hay i!t Go's factory is equipped with the latest and most approved machinery, there being every facility in- cident to this particular industry. The workmen employed are skillful and experienced, and the work turned out is unsurpassed on this continent ; hence the immense trade carried on, which increases con- siderably year by year. Jamas Hay 8c OOm Manufacturers of Glue, Main Street. — At the inception of the National Policy, finding a difficulty in obtaining a satisfactory quality of glue in Canada, they associated themselves with Mr. Parmenter in beginning the manufacture of this article. After supplying what is needed for their furniture works, they have facilities for making a considerable overplus, which is sold. This industry was established some five years ago, since which time ihey have built up a very large trade, which is con- stantly increasing, and simultaneously with it a wide and enviable reputation. The works cover at least a quarter of an acre, the building being a substantial structure two stories high. The factory is equipped with all machinery incident 10 the industry, of the most iniproved ty; e. The glue manufactured is of several grades, and all of a (jimlity that has secured for this firm a well-known reputation. A. J. Woodard, .Meat Market, 525 Dund^s Street. — Among the necessities ot trade a reliable meat market forms an important institution in all places. In this line we have a representative estab- lishment, which combines all the essentials of a first- class house in this line, in that conducted by Mr. A. J. Woodard. This business was established by him in 1876, anil during these ten years he has steadily maintained the high reputation of his market and has annually increased the volume of his trade. His store at 525 Dundas Street, 14x70 feet in size, has every convenience and facility for carrying on this trade. To meet the reiiuiremenlsof his cuslomeis he kills an average of from four to five beeves weekly, as well as from twelve to fifieen of small stock, giving employment to thp.'e or four hands. Mr. Woodard kills none liut the best of cattle, and patrons of his store may rely on being served with the best of meat obtainable. He deals in all kinds of fresh and salt meats, as well as poultry and country jiroduce ; he also makes sausages, bologna and head-cheese in season. Mr. Woodard was born in the county of Kvans, .State of New V'ork, in 1830, and has resided in Woodstock since 1 876, when he came here to establish his present business. His establishment is a most popular one, and Mr. Woodard is himself highly respected and esteemed as a thoroughly reli- able man of business. D. O. RiOhmondi Boots, Shoes and Buffalo Robes, 471 Dundas Street. — The establishment of which Mr. D. C. Richmond is the esteemed pro- prietor is in this line a thoroughly representative one. This gentleman has for thirty years been actively engaged in commercial pursuits inWoodstock, having in 1857 in barked with Mr. Nash in the hat, cap and fur line ; at the end of three years Mr. Nash withdrew from the partnership, and in i860, Mr. Richmond established his present business in boots and shoes. His premises at 471 Dundas St. comprise a large store, 23x60 feet in dimensions, with an upper flat for storage purposes. Here at all times is carried a complete line of ladies', gentle- men's and children's boots, shoes and rubbers, of superior grade and quality, which can with every confidence be recommended. A specialty is made of fine hand-sewed work to order, and this house has turned out in these goods articles which, for excel- lence of finish, durability and neatness, cannot be surpassed by any rival establishment. A tine selec- tion of buffalo and fancy robes is also carried, beautifully lined with the finest materiifl, while cash is paid for raw hides. Mr. Richmond is a native of this country, having been born in 1830, and he has been a resident of Woodstock since 1857, during which time he has closely identified himself with the interests and progress of the place of his adoption. He served as a Councillor for two years ; is a mem- ber of the Trustee Board of the Methodist Church, of which he is also a steward and one of the financial managers. He is a member of the Masonic Craft, belonging to "King Solomon"' lodge, and is a pro- minent member of the (iood Templars. REPRKSENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN l)l)( luipi of I id Buffalo shmeiit of inied pro- ■esentative cars been ooflstock, n the hat, ■ears Mr. in i860, lusiness in indas St. niensions, Here at all i', gentle- ubbers, of ith every is made house has for excel- lannot be ne selec- carried, Afhile cash native of ind he has 7, during f with the adoption, is a mem- Church, of financial mic Craft, J is a pro- N«W York •«er«, C. J. Tuthill & Co., Im- porters of and Dealers in Teas, Groceries and Crockery, 425 Dundas Street. -There are few departments oftradc of greater importance than that carried on in teas and groceries, and such like staple articles. In Woodstock it is perhaps the most important commercial feature of the town, and prominent among those engaged in it are Messrs. C. J. Tuthill A Co. This hi>use was established some twenty years ago by a Mr. Mackenzie, the business since then having fre<|uenlly changed hands. Al)out a year ago Messrs. C. J. Tuthill <.V Co. acipiired it, having since built up a large and nourishing trade. The premises occupied are large anil commodious, being 125x25 feet in dimensions, The slock, which is a very large one and principally imported by this house, consists of groceries, crockery and glassware, a specialty being made of teas and fancy groceries. The stock is of fust-class (juality throughout, and being bought for cash, the advantages secured thereby ate exteniled to llie customers ; hence a very large and flourishing trade is carried on by this house. Mr. C. J. Tuthill, the head of the house, is by birth an Irishman, although he has spent the most of his life in this country. lie is a most energetic, enter- prising and thorough man of business and is highly esteemed, being ht)noral)le and upright in all his dealings. Wa Ct Wilson, (iroceries. Provisions, etc. —A representative house in this important line is that of Mr. W. C. Wilson, who conducts a live and exten- sive business as a dealer in groceries and general i i)rovisions. This business was established in l88l Dy the present proprietor, and such lias been the rapid increase in his trade, that last year he was conipelle the Dominion Line of steamships, running lie- tween Liverpool and (Quebec in the summer, and between Liverpool and Portland in the winter. This line is one of the most popular of Atlantic companies, and has some of the finest steamers in commission running between the eastern ami western hemi- spheres. Mr. Sawtell was born in England in 1825, but has beeii a resident of the county of Oxford 42 years, in Woodstock for the last iS years, where he has closely associated himself with the interests and progress of the town of his adoption, lie was ,Sec- retarv of the North Riding Agricultural Society for twelve years; also .Secretary and Treasurer of the I'ort Dover I'v: Lake Huron Railway until leasetl to the G. T. R., and was also Treasurer of the (^inadian Literary Institute till four or five years ago. John Douflas, Saddler and Harness Maker, 380 Dundas .Street. — In this line the leading and representative house of Woodstock is that of Mr. John Douglas, who for the long period of half a century has been actively etjgaged in this pursuit, during which time he has ever kept his establishment ill the very front rank in ihis section of the country. This house date.-, its inception from the year 1S37, when it was first started by Mr. Douglas. The Dremises now occupied are located at 380 Dundas Street, and comprise a sjjacious building three stories in height, 18x70 feet in si/x, with a basement. The grounti door is used as a store, while there is a workshop in the rear, where employment is given to .several experienced hands. A full ami complete stock of single and double harness of superior finish and workmanship is always on ha.. ■, while Mr. Douglas also deals in saddles, whips, rugs, horse blankets, trunks, valises, and all articles usually found in all first-class establishments. The trade of the house is chiefly of a local nature, though some of the goo, ; manufactured are sent to Manitoba, where they fino a ready sale, the annual transactions of the house being in the neighborhood of $10,000. Mr. Douglas has been a resident of this town since 1837, durijig which lime he has closely identified himself* with the commercial interests and progress of the place of his adoption, having held several important positions in this community, having been appointed I leputy Reeve when Woodstock was f'rst incorporated ::s a town ; also Councillor, Treasurer of Knox Church for the last nine years. Chairman of the Public School Board, member of the High .School Board, and I'resident of the North Riding Reform Association. Mr. Douglas also issues marriage licenses, is a Justice of the Peace, and has been a Director of the Oxford Loan and .Savings .Society since its inception. He was captain in the militia 30 years ago. Mr. Douglas enjoys a most enviable reputation for integrity and high busi- ness ability, while he is esteemed and respected by all. He is eflkienlly assisted in the mamgement of his business by his .son, Mr. - Douglas, a young man of much ability and public spirit, who is Assistant Secretary of the Woodstock Amateur Athletic A.ssociatiori, and Deputy Reeve of the town. Roderick MoKay, Merchant Tailor. — Anrjng the leading and most fashionable merchant tailoring establishments in this town is that of Mr. Roderick McKay, who has obtained an enviable reputation fo ■ neat and su))erior styles and fits in gentlemen's garments. He occupies a spacious store and work- room. 12x6'' feet in dimensions, where he carries a large stocl of piece goods, embracing cloths and all latest styles of fabrics for gentlemen's coats, pants, vests or suits ; and having a practical experience of many years, his patrons are guaranteed neat and ])erfect fits in all cases. He employs from seven to ten experienced assistants, so that first-class work- iiianship is one of his leading characteristics. These excellencies have insured him a good trade in the town and neighborhood, his annual transactions amounting to some $5,000 to $6,000. 'Phis business was originally established l)y Messrs. McKay \ Innes, the latter of whom in 1862 left for British (Columbia, since when Mr. McKay has alone con ducted this enterprise, during which time he has met with a gradually increasing patronage year by year. His ^oods may be relied upon to be in all cases as represented, and both for neatness of execution as well as for moderation in prices, this establishment can successfully compare with any contemporaneous house in this line. Mr. McKay was born in Suther- landshire, .Scotland, in 1828, and has been a resident of Woodstock since 1856. He was formerly con- nected with the volunteer force, having been a cor- poral from 1856 to i860 in No. I Company of the 22nd Battalion. The excellent taste displayed by Mr. McKay in the selection of goods, and the neat- ness of his styles and fits, give evidence of the highest artistic skill in this establishment. Fred. W. Dunn, Saw and Tool Repairing, 666 Dundas Street. -An industry recently established in Woodstock, and with reassuring prospects of being a permanency, is the sharpening of saws and edge tools of every description. .Mr. Pred. W. Dunn, who is engaged in this industry, commence RosS, Boot and Shoe Maker, 492 Uundas structures. Motive power is supplied by an engine Street. — The trade in ready-made boots and shoes is I a large and very important one, but those who have I experienced the greater comfort of custom work will readily testify that ordered goods in every way can at all points discount the machine-made productions. Though but recently established, Mr. John A. Ros.s has in tlie line of custom boots and shoes earned for himself a wide reputation, both for the excellence of his products, their uniform neatness and general durability. Mis premises are located at 492 Dundas i Street, and comprise a stoie 20x20 feet in dimensions, : where employment is given to three experienced of 30 horse-power, and a staff of 80 skillful and j as.sistants. Mr. Ross is a native of this country, experienced mechanics is employed. The works are \ having been born in Woodstock in l86l ; he has equipped with the latest and most improved machin- acquired a wide reputation for perseverence anii cry and tools, there being every facility incident to general business ability. this particular industry, which embraces generally 1 the manufacture of steam engines, principally com-' A* L> Dsnt, Ciocer, 695 Dyndas .Street. — mon slide valve and Buckeye automatic cut-off .Some of the most energetic and enterprising mer- engines, of which a specialty is made, milling chants of the go-ahead town of Woodstock are identi- machineryof all kinds, boilers, iron and brass castings, tied with the grocery trade, and prominent among etc. The work turned out is generally reported those engaged in it is Mr. A. L. Dent. This to be second to none in the Dominion, and the lead- : gentleman commenced businessat his present location ing lines have secured for Mr. Whitelaw a wide and ! in October, 1886, having been personally associated enviable reputation. A very large and constantly | with his brotherin-law, the late J. J. Niackay, for increasing trade is carried on, which extends through- i years. Since opening up the present place of busi- out the whole of Canada, $75,000 representing the ness, Mr. Dent has built up a large and flourishing average yearly turn-over. Mr. Whitelaw is a Scotch- j trade, a credit alike to his energy and ability, and to man, but has spent the most of his life in this country, ! the town. The stock consists of a complete line of having been here since he was a boy. He is a i groceries, a specialty being made of teas, Dent's Own thorough mechanic, pos.sessing splendid executive Baking I'owder, coffees and spices. There is also a business abilities, and is most reliable, being highly large stock of flour and feed, and fine lines of esteemed in the community. crockery and glassware. The entire stock is of superior quality, and being purchased on the most Aloxandar Watson, Manufacturer of Stoves favorable terms, the advantages tlerived therefrom by and CJeneral Founder, Vansittart Aveiuie. — The town the merchant are extended to the consumer, hence of Woodstock is justly reputeil for its manufacturing the large and flourishing trade carried on. Mr. Dent, industries, and prominent among them is the manu- who is a native of Oxford county, is widely known ancl faclure of stoves, etc., as carried on by Mr. Alex- ] highly reputed. Me is an energetic and thorough ander Watson. The specific industry carried on by man of business, and honorable in all his dealings. REPRP^SENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 189 reel. — mer- identi- among This Robert Stark, Chemist and Druggist, Lamp (Joods, etc., 469 Dundas Street. — There is no branch of business more important in the whole list of occu- pations than that of the chemist and druggist. A prominent and representative establishment devoted to this l)ranch of industry is that of Mr. Robert Stark, who for a long nuinlier of years has been before the public in this line, and whose house is one of the oldest in Woodstock. This business was originally established by Messrs. McLaren & Co., who were succeeded by the present proprietor in 1S57. Mis premises at 469 Dundas Street comprise a spacious and admirably adapted store, 22x60 feet in dimen- sions, where at all times is carried a complete line of pure drugs and chemicals, medicines, patent mixtures, perfumery, toilet articles, fancy goods and the usual druggists' sundries. .Special attention is paid to the compounding of physicians' prescriptions and family recipes, the same being put up with care, dispatch and accuracy. Employment is given to a staff of assistants of experience, while .Mr. Stark devotes his whole time and attention to the re(|uirements of his trade. He does a large business both of a local and wholesale character, dealing largely in proprietary medicines, many of which have a large sale, such as his Cherry Halm, Bartees' Pills, Worm Candy, etc. Mr. Stark is a thoroughly educated and proficient druggist; he studied his profession with Mr. G. K. Cartwright of Hamilton, and Mr. R. S. Strong of Gait, and was also a student of materia medica, pharmacy, dialetics, etc., at Glasgow University, Scotland. He was born at Dundas in 1837, and is the eldest son of the Rev. M. V. Stark, A.M., of that place, and has resided in this town since 1857, during which time he has taken a keen interest in the affairs of Woodstock. He has with all credit to himself filled severalimportant positions, as Secretary of the Mechanics' Institute, Master of Masonic Lodges, Churchwarden and Trea.surer of St. Paul's Church, and is a gentleman highly esteemed and respected.. E. F. Siple, Baker and Confectioner, 529 Dundas .itreet. — Among the prominent establishments en- gaged in the important industry of bread and fa"" " ■ baking in this town is that conducted by Mr. F. Siple, whose store and bakery are locfistl at 521 Dundas .Street. This business wa. 1 liginally es- tablished by ^fr. George Hill, who, in 1886, sold out ^o the present proprietor. The store is a well appointed one, 22x7- feet in dimensions, with a bake house in the rear of similar proportions. In connection there is a lunch room, and oysters in every style, and ice creams, are served in season. The bakery is equipped with all the re(|uisite appliances in all its departments, and turns out an average of 2,000 loaves per week. Employment is given to three experienced assistants, and bread and confectionery are delivered to any part of tlie town. Though a comparative stranger in Woodstock, Mr. Siple has by the always reliable (]uality of his productions ;;ained the confidence of a large circle of customers, and his trade is a steadily increasing one ; the products of the house compare most favorably with those of any similar establishment. Mr. Siple was born in Dereham township, in the county of Oxford, in 1 864, and has been a resident of Woodstock since taking his present business a few months ago. By his own exertions, enterprise and ability, he has laid the foundation of a business, which time will materially develop; and though a young man, he is a thoroughly experienced and practical baker. I A. Saeha, Plumber and Gas Fitter.— The im- portance of mechanical and sanitary plumbing cannot [ be over-estimated, and it has frequently been ]iroved that much of the sickness developed in many house- holds, has been due to deficient workmanship on the part of the plumber. Though but recently established in Woodstoc'-, Mr. A. Sachs takes high rank as a plumber, steam and hot water healing and gas fitter. In this line Mr. Sachs ha? had a varied experience, having for some years been associated with Mr. J. J. Blackmore, of St. Thomas, and, as his reputation had preceded him here, he has h.id no lack o[ work , entrusted to him. This business he established in 1866, having a well fitted store, 15x40 feet in dimen- sions, with a basement for storage purposes. He [does every description of plumbing, fitting up stores, private residences and public jildings in the most thorough and workmanlike manner. He makes a i leading specialty in the mechanical line of plumbing, gas fitting, steam and furnace healing apparatus, and carries in stock a most complete assortment of fine j gas fixtures, chandeliers and brackets. He also keeps pll varieties of plumbers' materials and plain I and fancy articles pertaining to this line. Mr. .Sachs I was born in Hespeler, Ont., in 1862, and came to j Woodstock to open up his present business. He is a ! thorough practical plumber, is conversant with all the details of the business, and as an energetic and I reliable man of business, has justly merited the success which has attended his enterprise since its inception. F. Chaplin, Pork Packer and Provision Mer- chant, 489 Dundas Street. — One of the chief native industries of Canada is her trade in pork packing and provisions, and in this especial enterprise is shown in Western Ontario. The products of this portion of the Province, in this line, circulate through all parts of the Dominion, as well as to the markets of European countries. A representative house en- gaged in this pursuit in Woodstock is that of Mr. V. Chaplin, who for several years has been before the public as a prominent pork packer and provision merchant. This business was established by himself in 1870, since when, by energy and enterprise, and a i ractical ejcperience of the ret|uirements of the trade, '.e has considerably increased the volume of his business. His ])reniises at 4S9 Dundas .Street com- prise a store and packing house 20x130 feet in dimensions, where his faciliiies for conducting this business are extensive and ample. He carries a heavy stock, does a large city business, and ships to all parts of the Provinces. His jiacking department ranks high amongst the commercial resources of Woodstock, where is ])repared for market a cele- brated brand of hams, while he also produce:? a superior quality of lard. Mr. Chaplin conducts in addition a general business in groceries, staple and fancy, general provisions, canned goods and the usual grocers' sundries carried in a really first-class house. His annual trade amounts to between $30,000 and $40,000, while employment is given to eight hands ; the specialty of the house being the packing cf pork. Mr. Chaplin was born in Nottingham, England, in 1844, and for some years served in the regular army, receiving his discharge in i86g. In this country he was formerly in business in Listowel, but has lieen a resident of this city for the last seven years. Mr. Chaplin is an enterprising business man, who thoroughly understands every branch of the industry in which he is engaged, and which he has developed to such substantial proportions. 140 TOWN OF WOODSTOCK f-:': Th«i Molsons Bank, Incorporated, 1855; Paid- up Capiial, $2,000,000 ; Rest Fund, $800,000. Elead Otitice, Montreal ; Branch, l)iinipon as to the nature and value of real estate in these parts, being frequently called upon as arbitrators and valuators of land and property. With a thorough knowledge of the law affecting real estate, they are al o extensively eng.nged as con- veyancers, lend money on mortgages at low rates, manage estates, collect rents and accounts, and are agents for the following insurance companies : Lancashire, Queen, Fire Insurance Association, and carpets are stretched and drapery attended to. The specialty of this house is the manufacture of the I'atent Rocking Chair, the best in the country, and i was patented by Mr. Sharp ; it is a noiseless swing rocker, and has a wide circulation in this section of the country He is a reliable tradesman and a I practical worker, who is able to fill orders of any size, ' from the grandest suites to the ordinary domestic furniture of comparatively small cost. Upholstery is j covered in silk, plushes and other standard material, ; although the ordinary repairing work of mattresses and I lounges, as well as general furniture, here receives I the best attention. As a layer of carpets, which should not be trusted in the hands of any but an expert, Mr. Sharp is able to show a satisfactory list ' of customers for whom this work has been executed. I He is a native of Canada, having been born in this town in 1 84 1 ; he was connected with the volunteer I force at the time of the Trent affair. He has gained : for himselt a reputation as a solid and reliable trades- I man, and one whose energy and enteiprise must of necessity materiallly develop this enterprise. Franols Wotherall, Dealer in Groceries, etc., and Manufacturer of Hosiery, 694 Dundas Street. — Well directed energy is seldom wide of the mark, and when concentrated will never fail to accomplish a 142 TOWN" OF WOODSTOCK desirable result. A case in point is that of Mr. Francis Wetherall. This gentleman commenced business gome six yeajs ago, engaging in the manu- facture of hosiery goods of all kinds, which have secured for Mr. Wetherall a wide reputation, and in which he carries on a large and ever increasing trade. In 1886 he opened a grocery store on the same premises, carrying a complete line of groceries, pro- visions, canned goods, fruits, etc. The stock is of excellent (niality throughout, and being bought on the most favorable terms, special advantages are thus afforded to the customer, owing to the discount secured by a cash purchase. First-class quality and the most reasonable (|uotations can always be relied upon at Mr. Wetherall's establishment. This gentle- man is by birth an F'.nglishman, having come to Canada some 34 years ago, making Woodstock his home, in which he has been so successful. lie is a thorough and most reliable man of business, being much esteemed in the community. Mr. G. F. .Snelgrove, the head of the establishment, is a native of Woodstock. He is practical and eiier getic, most reliable in all his dealings, and highly esteemed in the community. , V. W. Aa Karili Druggist, Dundas Street, npposite Post Office. - One of the most popular and dticient druggists in llu- town of Woodstock is Mr. W. A. Karn, whose llourishing establishment is located opposite the I'ost Office on Dundas .Street. Mr. Karn commenced about 10 years ago the business which from a small beginning has grown to such ex- tensive proportions. The premises occupieil are commodious, and tastefully fitted up and stocked with a complete assortment of drugs, chemicals, jiharmaceutical preparations and proprietary reme- ilies : also perfumery, toilet and fancy articles, and all those goods known as physicians' re(juisites, as well as English, French and German chemicals. Employment is furnished to four competent assist- ants, and to meet the reciuirements of his steadily increasing business a branch has been opened at the east end of Dundas .Street, known as the " East F^nd Drug Store." He is himself a practical expert in the compounding of drugs and their properties, makes a specialty of physicians' prescriptions and difficult formuhe, and has become celebrated for the skill, exactitude and promptness with which he prepares them. Hut drugs do not occupy all of Mr. Karn's time and attention, for, although (|Hite a young man, he is one of the most prominent citizens in the town, a keen sportsman and a prominent officer of the Wood- slock Amateur Athletic Association, which is, with- out one exception, the most extensive and flourishing institution of its kind in the Dominion. Oxford Tin Sheet Mill Works, (;. F. Snel- grove it Co., Dundas Street. — Among the industries successfully carried on in Woodstock, that of the Ox ford Tin Sheet Mill Works must be included. The proprietors are Messrs. G. F". Snelgrove it Co., who began operations in 1876, having since built up a large and flourishing trade. The.se gentlemen manu- facture sheet metal goods of every description, such as eavetroughs, cornice work, stove pipes, and tin- ware of every description, an industry in which they have achieved remarkable success, and in which they 1 enjoy a large and constantly increasing trade. They employ three able assistants, and woik turned out is always guaranteed. In addition, Messrs. G. F. Snel- grove ct Co. carry a large and excellent assortment of stoves, base-burners, ranges, of the most recent design, furnaces, tinware, flatware, hoUow-waie, japanned -ware, etc., the entire stock being of excel- lent quality and secured on the most favorable terms, and a large and reassuring general trade is carried on. R. R. Fulton Ic Co., Staple and Fancy Grocer- ies, and Dealers in I'oreign and Domestic Fruits, etc , 461 Dundas Street. — The grocery trade is one of the most important departments of commerce all the world over, representing as it does the staple articles of consumption. In Woodstock it is somewhat ex- tensively engaged in, the establishments being of a generally representative character. Prominent among those engaged in it are Messrs. K. R. Fulton & Co. These gentlemen commenced business in 1S82, having succeeded Clarke iK: Clarke. The store is a large and commodious one, being 100 feet dee|). The stock consists principally of staple and fancy groceries, a specialty being made of teas, of foreign and domestic fruits, crockery, gla.ssware, etc. An enormous tr.-ide is carried on in grapes alone, in season, being the largest of its kind in Woodstock. The entire slock is of lirst-class (piality, and is pur- chased on the most favorable terms, the advantages thus afforded being extended to the customer. A leading trade is carried on by these gentlemen, which is constantly increasing, averaging in the meantime $40,000. Mr. R. R. Fulton, the sole proprietor of the establishment, is by birth a .Scotchman, being a most enterprising and thorough man of business, whose relations have consistently been of an upright character. James McDonald, Staple and Fancy Dry (joods, 382 Dundas Street. — The trade in general dry goods has long constituted one of the leading features in the commercial ])ursuits of our country, and in this line we have in Woodstock an old estab- lished and thoroughly representative house in that now controlled by Mr. James McDonald, who carries on a large business as an imjjorterof staple and fancy dry goods. This establishment dates its inception back to the year 1836, when it was known under the constitutional title of Messrs. W. C. McLeod & Co. Mr. McLeod, however, retired in 1882, since when this business has been nnder the sole control of Mr. McDonald. The premises, located at 382 Dundas Street, comprise a handsome and substantial building, three stories in height, 22x110 feet in dimensions. The first flat is utilized for the purposes of a store and show room, while the second is devoted to the tailoring department. At this house a full line of every description of foreign ajid domestic dry goods, both staple and fancy, is always kept, and which may be relied upon for excellent goods and moderate prices. His facilities for replenishing his stock with the most desirable articles at short notice enable him to keep at all times full lines of the freshest and latest styles, and no old stock is allowed to accumulate on his shelves. His annual sales, a large proportion of which is derived from residents in the rural districts, to whom his elegant and comprehensive establishment is a great convenience, are about $30,000, and steadily increasing, a sufficieni proof of the perseverance and industry displayed in the management of this concern. Special attention is given to the tailoring department, in which .seven experienced assistants are employed. Here an extensive stock of foreign and domestic cloths for gentlemen's garments is always carried, embracing a complete line of piece goods of latest styles. All goods are guaranteed to be as represented, with pel ca; ed ha! tro insi nes Sco UEPllE SENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 148 (ds, nay ate ,ilh lim ■ind perfect work and neat tils in all cases. The admirable lasle exliihil- ed in the make up of his costumes has drawn a numerous class of pa- trons to his establishment, and has insured him a most prosperous busi- ness. Mr. McDonald was born in Scotland in 1842, and has been a resident of Woodstock for the last quarter ol a century, where he is regarded as an upright and energetic man of business, and is highly es- teemed and resi)ected in commer- cial and social circles. Alexander Wataon, Jr., Tin- smith and Dealer in Stoves, etc., Uundas Street. —Woodstock ranks .ome ten years ago, since which time a large and flourishing trade has been built up, which will compare most favorably with that of any similar establishment in Woodstock. Mr. Catling engages in all classes of plumbing work, brass-finishing, bell- hanging, gas and steam fitting, employing the services of competent and exfierienced workmen. A specialty is made of plumbing, gas fitting and bell- hanging, and in these branches Mr. Catling has no superior. There is always to be found on hand a large and superior stock of lead and iron pipes, and everything relating to the industry carried on. Mr. Catling is by birth an Englishman, having come to Canada some fifteen years ago. He is a competent and experienced mechanic, a thorough man of busi- ness, and is most favorably quoted in the community. 144 TOWN OF WOODSTOCK K. Oa Thomas ii Oe., Organ Manufacturers. — It may l)e noted as significant of the importance of Woodstock's tnanufacturinc interests, that among her other numerous and noted branches of industry, she possesses a manufactory where organs are turned out which will compare favorably with those c)f the most noted establishments in this country, and which for purity of tone, elegance of workmanship and re- liability cannot be excelled. The business which forms the subject of this sketch was stalled originally by Mr. K. (1. Thomas, in a small way and on a limited capital, in the year 1875. But owing to the energy and enterprise brought to bear in this concern, combined with the at all times reliable (lualities of the instruments manufactured, the reputation and trade of the house have so rapidly increased as to now place this establishment in the front ranks in the manufacture of organs, and to have secured for it an annual business of some $170,000, with every indication of continued increase and prosperity. The Thomas organ is renowned all over the Dominion ; its tone, which in foundation stops is a pure diapason ((uality of a pervading character, and in the solo stops is of a marked peculiarity, varying from the delicate string effect of the violin Etheria, to the full, round Bourdon and |)ipe-like melodia. The best material available is used in the construction of these organs, every part of which is made specially with a view to withstand every change of climate and temnerature. The factory is a large brick and stone structure, 50x156 feet in dimensions and four stories in height, having a floor accommodation of 27,000 feet, which is adrpirably arranged in all departments, with due regard to economy in running. The mo'ive power issupplied with a Wheelock engine of 50 horse-power and a boiler of 60 horse power, the factory being supplied with all improved machinery and modern appliances for the prosecution of this business ; 25 machines are used for wood-work, while employ- ment is given to some 80 handx. The establishment comprise, live departments, eacfi arranged with every convenience necessary to the prompt and speedy transaction of business. The organs manufactured are strictly first-class in every particular, and range in price from $200 to $500, the trade extending throughout all parts of Canada. These organs sell readily upon their own merits, and are highly com- mended by amateurs and professionals. These instruments ate designed for pailor and chapel use, and are made in numerous designs and styles, amongst the most popular being tiie " Gem," the " Favorite," the " Ruby," the "(Jarnet," the "Crand Harmonic," which with a black walnut case, tine polished piinels, folding desk and adjustable lamp stand, is the (inest organ case ever offered to the public. In chapel styles Messrs. Thomas & ('o. manufacture instru- ments specially adapted for churches, Sunday schools or halls, and are so constructed that the performer can be seen by the audience. The tone is very sweet and full, they are made of the best material throughout, and are a triumph of musical art and mechanical effect. Mr. E. G. Thomas, the enter- prising founder of this industry, was born in Toronto, Oct. 2, 1853, and came here in 1875, since when he has taken a leading |)osition amongst the commercial men of Woodstock, filling with credit to himself the position of deputy reeve ; he is a graduate of the Military School, and was for some years associated with the volunteer force. This establishment has received the credit of producing in a pre-eminent degree volume with ])urity of tone, a distinction bespeaking the highest possible musical qualities, while at the same time it has been accredited with having produced more and finer styles of cases than any other manufacturer in the Dominion. In 1883 Mr. John Cameron was admitted as a member of the m." W, M. Wood, General Agent, Ontario Mutual I Life Assurance Com|)any, 408 Dundas .Street. — This I well-known and popular Life Assurance Company has now been public for the past eighteen years, and ' from its inception to the present day has steadily increased its field of usefulness and developed its resources, until it is at present one of the most ; prosperous and reliable inttitutions of its kind in the i Dominion. It is a purely Canadian company, with assets of upwards of $1,000,000.00 and more than $10,000,000.00 of assurance in force. All its business j is transacted on a cash basis, no assessments being i levied. Policies are issued on the "ordinary life " and "endowment plans," a special feature being the j " surrender values" attached to each policy, by I which the holder can relinquish it to the Company for a cash equivalent at any time. The headquarters I of the Company are in Waterloo, but a large amount of business is transacted in Woodstock at the office of Mr. W. M. Wood, Geneial Agent for the counties of Oxford and Norfolk. Mr. Wood is a [ native of the United .States, but has been a resident of Canada for many years, and has travelled exten- ; sively all over this continent. lie is a thorough ; expert in all insurance matters, and brings to the aid of his practical experience a genial temperament and courteous disposition, which have aided him materi- ; ally in building up the large business which he i controls. KKPRE8ENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 145 lutual Thi* |ny has and eadily d its most |in the with than hsiness I being I " and the |y. ''y ipany liarters large Jlstock Int for Id is a Isident Ijxten- Irough lie aid It and lateri- ch he W. 0« Perks, M>D,, I'hysicinn and Surgeon, 469 Dmida.s Street. — In a comprehensive work of this l Boyas, Dealer in Books, .Stationery and Fancy Goods, 413 Dundas Street. — It is needless to estimate the importance of the book and stationery trade, as that has long since been .^cognized, its importance being coeval with the development of a country commercially, socially and intellectually ; and the character of an establishment of this kind decides to a very large extent the intellectual status of the community in which it exists. In Woodstock there is certainly cause for congratulation, as here there is one of the finest book and stationery estab- lishments outside of Toronto ; we refer to that of Mr. W. G. Boyes. This gentleman commerced business in 1882, since which time he has built uj) a very large and nourishing trade, being, in fact, the largest and finest of its kind in Woodstock. The premises occupied are commodious, being too feel in depth and two stories in height. The stock, which is very large and the finest west of Toronto, consists principally of a large assortment of books, stationery of all kinds, wall paper— both Canadian and Ameri- can — pictures, such as steel plates, engravings, arto- type, etc. ; a full line of artists' materials and fancy goods of every description. Mr. Boyes also makes picture frames, in which he has secured a wide reputation, and canvas stretching for artists, for which a staff of skillful hands is employed. That a large trade is carried on is evidenced by the fact that Mr. Boyes' business amounts to a very large sum. Mr. Boyes is an Englishman, having come to this country in 1880. He is a thorough and most re- liable man of business, and is highly esteemed in the community. ery, and every facility incident to this particular industry. There are about 45 hanils employed, being skillful and experienced workmen, and it can be stated confidently that the work turned out is not surpassed by any similar concern in the Doininion. The industry einbraces principally the manufacture of farm waggons, but sleighs and several lines of light spring waggons are included. The trade carried on is enormous, and extends over the whole of Canada, increasing year by year. Messrs. Bain Bros, are most energetic and enterprising gentleman, possessing a thorough knowledge of the industry in which they are engaged. They are most reliable men of busi- ness, and are most highly esteemed in the comnninity. Wadland & Webbar, Land, Loan and Insur- ance Agents, 408 Dundas .Street. — The Oxford Real Estate Exchange, established last year by Messrs. Wadland ct Webber, has for its object the sale and exchange of stock, grain and fruit farms, town lots and residences, stores, hotels, mills, factories, etc., throughout the county of Oxford and elsewhere. Messrs. Wadland it Webber have a large amount of money to loan, at reasonable rates of interest, and for any period. They also do a general insurance business, representing the Perth Mutual, of Stratford, and the (niardian, of London, Englar.d ; while they are also agents for the Northern Assurance Company of London, Eng, Thesecompaniesaresolid and reliable, with ample capital and assets, while they are prompt ! in paying all losses, there being no litigious or i vexatious delay. Of the members of this firm, Mr. John Wadland was born in 1S48 in the county of York, ' Ont., and has been a resident here for the last three j years ; Mr. Arthur Webber was born in 1852 in Oxford } county, and has lived in Woodstock the last two years. j Though but recently established, a considerable volume of business is transacted through their medium. 146 TOWN OF WOODSTOCK That which hax contrilmted largely to theii success, | lamp goods, lie was Iwrn In Geneva, Wis., U. S., has l)cen the thr)ro\ighly relialile and methodical ; in 1S5H, hns been in this country some 24 vears, and business principles which havegoverned their dealings came to \VooS: (^o., who though but I comparatively recently established have gained a i wide reputation for the superior (piality of their goods. I This business was established 'uy the present firm in ! 1884, •'>"<' they at once commenced a substantial business, whirjh has since annually increased. Their premises at 467 Dundas .Street comprise a spacious store 22x65 ^'^^'- '" si'^^i ""i "PP^f '''*' "'^ similar dimensions being utilized a a workroom. They carry in stock a full line of piece goods of the most popular makes and styles, and they have no hesita- tion in guaranteeing the most perfect tits in garments in all cases. Twelve experienced hands are em- ployed, and no garments are allowed to leave the store which are not carefully inspected and entirely satisfactory to the customer, and as a consequence this lirni has received a high popularity, not only in this city but throughout VVestcrn Ontario, in which section their trade chietly circulates. Though num- bered amongst the youngest of the mercbf.nt tailors ; of Woodstock, Mr. .Merner thoroughly understands I the business in which he is engaged, and he is one before whom is indicated a most successful business career. Hats and caps, in all recent styles, as well as a complete stock of gents' furnishing goods, are ' always on hand. Mr. Merner was born in Waterloo county in 1S60, and has resided here since March, 1884. W.Stahi .School and has long s manufacturt in the ,vorl have been success, nai furniture, ar with these li I'reston. N in 1884, and phenomenal factory, whii stories in he an acre of gr ped with the the facilities tablishment 1 and experien embraces thi and lodge fui desks, of wh " Marvel," « patent, the " are already w an enviable 1 TOWN, Ot PKKSTON 147 TOWN OF I'RHSroN W.StahlSOhmidt & Co., Mnmifnrturers of Office, School anil Church I'uiniture, King Street. — Canada has long sustained an enviable reputation in the manufacture of furniture, being second to no country in the world, and within recent years special lines have been gone into, and prosecuted with marked success, namely, that ol office, school and church furniture, and no name is more prominently identified with these lines than that of Stahlschmidt iV ("c, of Preston. Mr. W. Stahlschmidt commenced business in 1884, and his success since then has almost been phenomenal, and he has been obliged to erect a large factory, which is a substantial stone structure, three stories in height, and which, with wood-yard, covers an acre of ground. The factory is completely equip- ped with the latest and most improved machinery, the facilities being etjualled by no other similar es- tablishment in Canada, and a large number of skillful and experienced hands are employed. The industry embraces the manufacture of school, ofTice, church and lodge furniture, a specialty been made of school desks, of which three kinds are made, namely, the " Marvel," which Mr. -Stahlschmidt has covered by p?.tent, the "Model" and " Favorite." These desks are already well known, having secured for this house i an enviable reputation. At the Colonial lixhibition, ' London, l886, there was an exhibit of the products of this house, which so favorably impressed all who saw it, that Messrs. \V. Stahlschmidt iS; Co. have received large ordirs from all parts of the world, including (ireat JJritain, Ireland, France, Helgiuni, Germany, Australia and Morocco. The trade of this house extends throughout the whole of Canada, while the export trade is very considerable. Mr, .Stahlschmidt, the head of this concern, and by whose energy and ability so marked a success has been achieved, is an accomplished and experienced mechanic. He is widely and most favorably known, and to him belongs the credit of having given to I'leston more than a " local habitation and a name." Mr. Jacob E. Klobz, the junior member of this tirm, is a gentleman of wide experience in this line ; he personally superintended their exhibit at the Colonial Exhibition, and with two assistants attended to the numerous sales there made. He appointed agents all over (Jreat Britain and at Hamburg to represent this house in connection with the manufacture of school desks and office furniture. Her Majesty Queen Victoria purchased one of the finest and largest desks there exhibited, known as the " Office King," the one on exhibition having been purchased by a leading Hamburg firm — C. Morgan & Co. 148 TOWN OF PRESTON f' I II North Amerioan Hotel, tlie Preston Summer Resort, C. Kress, Proprietor, Main Street.— There is nothing which can conlril)ute more to the social if not to llie intrinsic importance of a place, than an excellently e(|uippe(l hotel and summer resort. It lends to the locality a social jirestige which could not otherwise he obtained. The village of Preston boasts such a resort, namely, the now popular and widely known Noilh American Motel, whose m'neral baths have afToided r<;lief to so many who had been suffering from gout, nervous debdily, disease of the stomach, etc. This hotel or summer resort is medium and coarse, in light and heavy weights, anti 150 operatives are employed. The reputation of the goods of the Prestoi: Woollen Mills is already established, being of a tpiality unsurpassed in the market. With the most complete facilities, with practical, experienced and competent "lanagenient, such a result is easily accounted for. , .s might be expected the trade extends over the whole of the Dominion, and in volume it is increasing year by year. Mr. (jeorge Pattinsim, the Manager, is emi- nently (lualilied for the position, and under his regime the success of the concern is largely attributable. splendidly situated on rising ground at the head of the village, and commands a magniliccnt view of the surrounding country. The hotel coDtains fifty bed- rooms, four p-rlors, and a smoking and sitting room. , In the house are all modern conveniences, and there is everything to be found in a first-class hotel. Mr. Kress, the proprietor, also owns a few neat cottages in the vicinity, which \\.t lets to private parties during the summer months. Thiv are pleasantly situated, affording all the charms ci rustic retreats. Behind the hotel is the mineral fountain, while there are also shady walks and a skating rink. In the front, on a square, a band stand is erected, where during the sur mer evenings a band discourses sweet and appropriate airs. In connection with the hotel is a large livery and boarding stable, and Mr. Kress is the owner (>f the stage which runs daily from the house to Berlin, in connection with lines to St. Jacobs, Klmira, Hawkesville, etc. Mr. Kress is eminently ([ualitied for the position as proprietor of a suii:nier resort, and is deservedly popular with all. H. C. Hamaoher, Carriage Builder, Fountain Street. — The manufacture of car- riages is an industry requiring much skill and experience, and ths best proof of the possession of the essential r|ualifications is the succe.'s with which the etlorts of those engaged in this industry are rewarded. The manufacture of carriages is a most im- |)ortant industry in Preston, Mr. II. C. llamacher being its representative. This gentleman commenced business in 1S83, having since built up a splendid trade, which is constantly increasing, and that is the best recommendatior that can be given of the class of goods turned out, being really of a llrst-class character, none but skillful and experienced workmen being employed. Mr. Hamacher manufactures all kinds of carriages, making a specialty of light work, such as pleasure sleighs, .Surrey wag- gons, Gladstone waggons, phivtoris, and piano box buggies. The goods are all hand-made, and in design, finish and general workmanship are unsurpassed. Mr. Hamacher is himself a practical, and experienced carriap; builder, and gives his per- sonal attention to his industry. He is widely known in Preston and surrounding country, and is highly respected. Mr. Wm. Nafe has the general super- vision of the works, and through his untiring energy and executive ability the works have obtained their present proportions. Proston Woollen Mills, Robinson, Howell & Co., Preston. Preston is deservedly noted for its industries, and foremost among them is that carried on at the Preston Woollen Mills. They are alike an honor to the village and a credit to the energy, enterprise and ability of their projectors. These mills were established in 1S70, and passed into the hands of the present proprietors in 1876. The t,entlemen at the head of this concern are Messrs. Haniel Howell, John Ferguson, and George Pattin- son, who is also manager. The building constitutes n substantial stone structure, three stories in height, and covering a large area of ground. There are 2,500 spindles in operation, and 45 looms, and the annual output in tweetis is 450,000 yards. The in- dustry embraces the manufacture of tweeds, fine A. C, Doornor, Dealer in Dry Goods, Groceries, etc.. King Street. — The trade carried on in general merchandise is of very great importance, and constitutes a leading factor in the commercial fabric of the smaller towns and villages. It is a line ol business requiring special qualifications of a high order, and only those possessed of these succeed in this somewhat precarious undertaking. Prominent among those engaged in this line in Preston is Mr. A. C. Doerner. The specific business cairied on by this gentleman was established some twenty year^ ai;o by A, Doerner, the present proprietor succeeding in t88o. Mr. Doerner carries a complete line of gro- ceries of excellent ed in tht- ties, with nagement, might be ole of the ig year l)y ;er, is enii- under his itribiitable. e Builder, lire of car- much skill oof of the itications is ts of those rewarded, a most im- \\t. II. C. live. This s in 1883, rade, which : is the best iven of the ; really of a ikillful and employed. ,11 kinds of light work, jrrey wag- ivtoris, and hand-made, nanship are a practical es his per- iely known is highly eral super- ring energy ained their Groceries, in general tance, and rcial fabric is a line f a high uccecd in I'rominent ston is Mr. ried on by years ai;o xeding in ine of gro- innection it agent for England. carried, a ngs. A rocki"ry, a nstantly on constantly always of favorable led to the d thorough honorable H. BvOk, Merchant Tailor, King Street. —Among the industries carried on in Preston, the manufacture latter one story. The works a.e e(|uipped with the latest and most approved machinery, ami the hands of gents' clothing is a most important one, and when employed are skillful and experienced workmen, carried on as in the present instance, in accordance The industry embraces principally the manufacture of with the pre-ailing styles, the importance is surely ! hot air furnaces, stoves and ranges, goods which are all the greater, alike a credit to the village that sus- tains such an industry, and to the gentleman engaged in it. Mr. Beck is the recognized fashionable tailor of Preston. This gentleman commenced business in 1883, having since built up a splendid trade, which is constantly increasing. In cloths Mr. Iteck makes a specialty of Canadian and Scotch tweeds, and keeps always in stock an excellent assortment of worsted tweeds. The work turned out by this gentleman has secured for him n first-class reputation, and purchas- ing his cloths on the most fashionable terms, he is enabled to supply his goods at the most reasonable quotations. Mr. Beck is an experienced and skillful tailor, honor.ible and upright in all his dealings, and is deserving of the large and constantly increasing patronage of which fie is in the enjoyment. Clare Bros. & Co., Manufacturers of Hot Air Furnaces, Stoves, Ranges, etc., King Street.- The town of Preston stands deservedly high as a manu- facturing centre, and prominent among its industries is the manufacture of hot air furnaces, stoves, ranges, ect., as carried on by Messrs. Clare Bros, & Co. This industry was established in 1853 by Mr. John (-lare, the father of the present proprietors, who succeeded to the business in 1881 in connection with Mr. H. C. nilborn, during which year the founder retired. The works cover a large area of ground, the main builtl- ings, w|iich are substantial stone structures, being 100x45 feet and 223x40 feet in iiimcnsions,rospectively, the former of which is three stories in height, and the well known in the market by the nann^ of " Perfect," the trade nu;;;.' of this firm. It is not necessary to enter into the peculiar merits of these goods, as their reputation has long since been e.staldished, and their leading features areconsetpiently well Inown. Suffice it to say that they are unexcelled in the Canadian market ; and during this year, with incensed facilities, their goods, if possible, will bo better than ever before. The large and constantly increasing trade enjoyed by this firm is substantially over the whole of the Dominion, although the principal market is in Ontario. Messrs. Clare Bros. & Co. are gentlemen of energy and enterprise, thoroughly conversant with every detail of the industry over which they exercise immediate control, and as men of business they deservedly enjoy a high reputation. W. D. Hopburn & Co., Manufacturers of lioots' and Shoes, Cuelph Street. — Prominent among the industries carried on in I'reston is the manufacture of boots and shoes, as represented by the well-known house of \V. D. Hepburn iV Co. This concein was established soi.ic twelve years ago, and is now known all over t'.ie country. The buildings are large and coiiiniotlious structures, being 120x30 and 20>:4O feet in dimensions, respectively, and two stories in height. Some sixty hands are emi>loyed, being skillful and expeiienced workmen. A general line of goods is nianufacturetl, including ladies", gents', boys', youths', and children's line boots and shoes, and the whole stock turned out by .Messrs. W. D. Hepburn li; Co. is unsuri)assed in the Dominion, whether as regarils design, finish, material used and general durability. As might be expected, a very large trade is carrieil on, which is constantly increasing, although at present it is principally confined to the western section of Ontario. Mr. W. D. Hepburn, the head of the concern, is an energetic anil thorough man of business, his ilealings have been consistently of an honorable and upright character, and he is highly esteemed in the community. 160 TOWN OF WINDSOR T(3\VN OF WINDSOR, Windsor, so called after the Royal Borough, with which the history of England is so indissolubly con- nected, marks the western limit of the Province of Ontario, and is the chief connecting point between Canada and the United States. It is situated on the banks of the Detroit River, ami is exactly opposite the city of Detroit, but though far outnumbered by its American neighbor, Windsor yet holds its own as an important seat of thriving industry, and even attracts enterprise from its populous rival. Windsor is an incorporated town, in East Sandwich township, in the county of Essex, being two miles north-east of Sandwich, the county seat, with which town it is connected by .street railway. It is an important railway centre, being the terminus of the (Ireat Western Branch of the Grand Trunk, as well as of the Canada Division of the Michigan .Southern Railways. JJoth these lines have powerful steam ferries for conveying cars across the river, which is kept open all winter. During navigation Windsor has daily steamboat con- nection with all parts of the lakes and river systems, and ferries cross to Detroit every five minutes. Windsor was laid out in 1834, and though its growth has not been phenomenally rapid, it has yet surely and steadily progressed, and may reasonably hope to he one of ihe next of the towns of Ontario to attain the dignity of a city. Its population at the present time is 7,060. Windsor has churches of all denominations, Methodist, Presbyterian, Episcopal, Roman Catholic, Baptist and Bible Christian. There are also a Model, High, Public and Separate Schools, a Convent, Opera House and Town Hall. The Merchants' Bank of Canada and the Bank of Commerce have branches here, while there are two weekly papers, the Essex Record and Essex A'evicii'. The surrounding country is rich and fertile, grain, live stock, fruit and the products of its manufactures are shipped in all directions. The town is lighted with gas, has an excellent water supply, a lire department, and telephone com- munication on both the Canadian and Michigan systems. Windsor is 225 i.iiles from Toronto and 558 Irom Montreal, and is the most important of . the towns of Ontario which border on the States. 5 B' -^, "J^ a. I tc Windsor Varnish Worlts, J. L. Dunn .<<: Co., Parent Avenue and Albert Street. — There are few lines of manufacture in which the excellence of the product is so vital a condition o( success as in the varnish trade. Consumers are rigid in their recpiire- ments as to (piality, and they rea ■ ;llence of tiiiij>h by any olhei iiouse in the Dominion, md their facilities for turning out work on the shortest notice are unex- ceptionable. They give employment lo thirty skilled and cap-ble hands on an average throughout the year. The proprietors, Messrs. Evans & Hooth, are natives of Canada, and are thorough-going, enter- prizing and progressive business men, thoroughly understanding all the details of their extensive busi- 152 TOWN OF WINDSOR ness, and are always abreast of the times, either in improved styles of goods or ])rices. They are gentle- men held in the highest esteem in the business and social community of Windsor. They did all the ornamental brass and iron work of the Bank of Mon- treal, Bank of London, Bank of Hamilton, Imperial Bank, Yonge Street, Toronto, Star Publishing Co., Montreal, Central Bank, Toronto. In the Bank of Montreal Ihey used one and a half tons of wrought steel on the main counter, and are also the sole manu- facturers of Merchants' Cash Railway, which they have for sale or to lease. Frederick Stearns & Co., Manufacturing Pharmacists, Sandwich Street West. Holding one o I the highest positions among the leading manu- facturing industries of this contment, and one of the most important, is that of the firm of Messrs. Frederick Stearns A ( o. , manufacturing pharmacists, whose Canadian establishment is located on Sand- 0^nm- -^.St^K' wich Street West, occupying a large and substantial brick building, live stories in height, and each flat 35x65 feet in dimensions. This mammoth business was first established in Detroit in 1855, and was incorporated under the present title in 1882. The officers of the firm are Frederick Stearns, President ; Frederick K. Stearns, Secretary and Treasurer, while I. II. Taylor is the Manager of the Canadian house in Windsor. This Company have had a very prosperous oareer ever since the inception of the busi- ness, the standard (|ualiiy of their preparations could always be relied upon in the market as the purest of the pure, and their upright and honorable methods of doing business have been duly appreciated by the trade. They are the originators and manufacturers of what is known as "a new idea," viz. : "Popular Non-Secret Preparations." They are also manu- facturers of full lines of fluid extracts, solid extracts, effervescent granules, medicated elixirs, medicated syrups, sugar-coated pills, pure powdered drugs, distilled waters, packed ^ roots and herbs, medicinal '"'- T lozenges, resinoids, oleo- resins, suppositories, plas- ters, tinctures, and other miscellaneous articles, The ([ualiiy of these goods is unquestioned, and have a large and widespread sale throughout the Dominion, which sale has been steadily increasing during the four • smuiiBi' *"" '^yearsthat iheCompanyhave j;P5'^^^ri^. -• ''^'=" '" ^^''"'^'•^o'- J" 'he --«55»^S^ffi^» ■'' W'indsor branch 20 compe- tent and careful assistants are employed making up the preparations, having all the necessary machinery and y^v '-'"-- appliances, with 25 horse- power engine. Mr. I. H. Taylor, the Manager ol the Canadian branch, is an American by birth and is a gentleman well qualified for the position he holds, thoroughly understanding every detail of the business and being possessed of much executive ability. J. C> DeHarnoiS, Merchant Tailor and Dealer in Ready-Made Clothing, 55 Sandwich Street West. — Among the popular and prominent tailoring estab- lishments of Windsor is that conducted by Mr. J. C. Dellarnois, whose store is located at No. 55 Sandwich Street West. Mr. DcHarnois is a practi- cal cutter, and the hnuse has achieved a wide celebrity as being one among the leaders of gentle- men's fashions in the town. The premises occupied are 28x65 '^st in dimensions, and are fitted up with neatness and carefully arranged, and are well stocked with a large and valuable assortment of English, Scotch and French woollens, which are cut and made to order in the most fashionable styles at moderate prices. Besides the merchant tailoring department the house carries a very large stock of ready-made clothing of the latest styles and of the best quality of fabrics, which are sold at prices that cannot be beaten by any other house in the town. In the gents' furnishings and hat and cap depart- ments all the newest styles and latest novelties of the season are to be found, and the stock is large and well selected. Fmployment is furnished to fourteen assistants and skillful operators. Mr. Dellarnois is a thorough-going, enterprising and energetic business man and a much esteemed citizen, and during the five years he has been established in business he has met with marked success. He is a native ot Montreal and a public spirited citizen of Windsor. RKPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 153 ii Dealer est. — stab- l.C. ■ 55 practi- wide gentle- cupied ) with tockeii nglish, and les at iloring ock of of the es that town, lepart- of the je and urteen larnois ergetic |during Tiess he live ot iior. D. M> Ferry St COai Incorporated Seedsmen, Sherman R. Miller, Manager. — -It is universally ac- knowledged that D. M. Ferry & Company are the largest seedsmen in the world. Their headcjuarters are in Detroit, occupying a mammoth building located ■on Brush and Croghan and Lafayette Streets, being six stories in height and having a tloor area of nearly seven acres. The Canadian establishment is located at numbers 122, 124, 126 and 12S Sandwich Street West, Windsor, and was establish- ed in 1879. It is a substantial brick structure, being seven stories in height lacing the Detroit River, and ti V e stories in height frontint; on Sandwich St., the Hals being 72 x 65 feet in dimensions. Mere employment is furnished to fifty artisans and skilled hands. This house, beini; large seed growers, have ex- tensive farms of I '4 milesonCirand River Avenue, fJe- troit, with soil par- ticularly adajned to seed growing. Here employment is given to over one hundred and fifty hands. The farms are uiuler the charge of one of the most experienced growers in Amer- ica, liesides the farms specified, the C o m |) a n y have contracts with ex- perienced growers in United States, Canada, Kngland, France, (lermany .nnd Italy. The stock seed used in these countries is all furnished liy the firm, and is carefully selected liy them. Their trial grounds, con- sisting of ten acres, are situated on Ferry Avenue, and are devoted exclu- sively to testing seeds. A sample of every lot of seed received is tested to ascertain its vi- tality and juirity, and a careful re- cord of the same is made, so that they are able to detect the least tendency to deteriorate, as well as to take ad- vantage of any superiority of any particular stock. Their records show that they have tested over 3,000 varieties last season. This branch of their business irA TOWN OF WINDSOR is under the supervision of Professor Tracy, late of one of the leading agricultural colleges, and favorably known to scientific men. The trade of the Canadian house extends throughout the entire Domir.ion, and is constantly and steadily increasing. This house has the enviable reputation of furnishing only reliable seeds. The manager of the house in Windsor, .Mr. .Sherman K. Miller, is a gentleman of large business experience, and has a thorough knowledge in every detail o( the extensive business over which he pre- sides. This house publishes annually a beautiful illustrated, descriptive and priced Seed Catalogue, which is invaluable to every person using garden, tield or flower seeds, and is mailed free to all appli- cants. We would advise all o( our readers to send for it. «l. M. Ballantynei Fashionable Tailor and Cutter, 12 Ouelette Avenue. — The business of the merchant tailor is one of much importance in any civilized community, for the man is most frequently judged by the clothes he wears before his intrinsic merits are known and appreciated. Among those who are popularly and prominently identified with the merchant tailoring business in Windsor is Mr. J. M. liallantyne, whose store is located at No. 12 Ouelette Avtnue, where he has been established for the past one and a half years, having bought out his predecessors, Brown, Sum it Co. The premises occupied are 22x70 feet in dimensions, where is con- tained an excellent stock of Knglish and French cloths for suitings, trouserings, overcoatings, etc., of the latest and most fashionable designs. The work done by this gentleman is tirst-class in every particu- lar, and his garments arc not surpassed by any other tailor in the town for tit, style and elegance of finish, and his prices are most moderate and within the reach of all who desire to be well clothed. .Mr. Hallantyne isajiractical and skillful cutter, and gives this branch of the business his personal and closest attention, giving employment to eight operators in the custom department. He is a native of Canada, and is a thorough-going and enterprising business man, who is held in the highest regard in the com- munity. Windsor Truek Co., I'onting & RadcIitTe, Oue'ette Avenue. — Among modern institutions ot commerce, nothing has done more to promote the development of internal business communicaticn 'hu;. the express and teaming system. It facilitates trade to an extent that few people realize, and it may truthfully be said that if they were suddenly to go out of existence business transactions of ^reat magni- tude would simultaneously cease. The people of Windsor are favored with a first-class institution of this kind in the Windsor Truck Co., and its services are characterized by (jualities which render it a favor- I ite with all who patronize it. The teams of the ; Company are strong, and the waggons adapted in j every way for doing all kinds of express business and j light and heavy carting. All kinds of commodities I are removed or conveyed to and from all parts of the ■ town, and careful and obliging men only are em- ployed, so that goods are handled without any extra wear and tear, and the arrangements are such that not a moment is lost in the forwarding department. The Company have three double and six single wag- gons, and have contracts with many of the leading business men for receiving goods from trains and steamers, paying freights and delivering goods. Both Mr. P. C. Ponting and Mr. J. RadcIitTe are gentlemen of large business .experience, anil during the three years they have been established in their present business have built up a most valuable trade. V. Marentotto, Books and Stationery, Ouelette -Vvenue. — Books and stationery must be classed among the luxuries as well as the necessaries of modern civilization. Many years ago when very few people could read and, fewer still, write, these articles would have been a drug in the market, but all that is changed now and the benign influence of education is felt upon every hand. Among those prominently connected with the stationery business in Windsor none hold a higher position than sir. Marentette, whose store is located on Ouelette Avenue, near Sandwich Street. This gentleman has been estaij- lished in business for the pist three years, and since its inception it has met with pronounced success. The premises occupied, which are handsomely and tastefully fitted up, are 18x60 feet in dimensions, where a large and well assorted slock of books and stationery for home, school and office use are carried, including school books and requisites, blank books, fancy goods, papers and periodicals, etc. Employ- ment is furnished to three careful, competent and courteous assistants. Mr. Marentette is a native of Canada, and is a gentleman of excellent business (jualities, peisevering, active and enterprising, and is highly deserving of the success which is attending his efforts. S. H. Webster ft Co., Merchant Tailors, 9 Sandwich Street West. — The excellent and well con- ducted establishment of Messrs. S. H. Webster & Co., fashionable tailors, of No. 9 Sandwich Street West, is oiie of the best known among the nierchant tailoring establishments in that thoroughfare, and is liberally patronized by a large class of the commun- ity. As a merchant tailor, Air. Webster occupies a prominent position, and is considered among the best in the town, lie has b.en established over nineteen years, and he can always -ilease those who favor him with their custom. The premises occupied are 28x65 feet in dimensions, where a large stock of superb goods of both English and French production i is always to be found upon the tables, and those who- I desire to be well and fashionably clothed will find just what they want at this establishment, at prices that cannot fail to meet their views as to economy. The firm have a large custom from Americans, wha find it to their interest to cross the river and leave their orders here. Employment is furnished to nine assistants and competent operators. Mr. Webster is a native of Scotland, and is well and favorably known to the whole community, and as a business man, a correct cutter and first-class merchant tailor, is not surpassed by any other in Windsor. Robinson li Anderson. Wholesale and Retail Dealers in Teas, Coffees and General Groceries, Crockery and Glassware, Medbury Block, .Sandwich Street West. — Among the many enterprises necessary to complete the commercial resources a town or city none is of more importance to the community than that of the wholesale and retail grocer, as being one of the main factors in the furnishing of our food sup- plies. Prominent in this trade is the well-known house of Messrs. I^obinson «.V Anderson, which is located in Medbury lilock. Sandwich Street West, Windsor, which was established three years ago. The premises occupied are large and commodious, .and handsomely fitted up, and are 24x100 feet in dimensions, with a large and high studded basement. Kilroy. REPRESENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 155 over who cupied ock of uction who find prices noniy. who leave nine ebster orably isiness tailor. Retail :eries, dwich essary Dr city than ig one sup- Lnown lich is |\Vest, ago. Idious^ ^et in Iment. Here may be found a complete variety of domestic and imported groceries of all kinds, carefully selected with a due regard to the wants of the trade, antl giving especial care that every article shall be of the first quality. The choicest brands of teas and cof- fees, table delicacies, condiments, etc., also crockery and glassware, are here to be found in abundance and handsomely displayed, and at prices that are as low as the lowest in the market for a similar r|uality of goods. The trade of the house extendi hroughout Windsor and vicinity, and in its operations four cap- able assistants are given employment, besides delivery teams. Mr. Robinson is a native of Canada, and is a thorough-going business man. tic was conductor on the Great Western Railway for fourteen years previous to entering upon commercial life. Mr. Anderson is also a native of Canada, and previous to entering u|)on a commercial life was also conductor upon G. \V. R. for ten years ; and besides being an ex|)erienced business man is also a public spirited citizen and served the town as a member of the Council. They are also .ngents for the " Wanzer Patent Lamp." They deal largely in all kinds of fish, and ship them throughout the country. ThOS> E> Kilroy« Groceries and Crockery, White Building, Sandwich Street. — Among the many enterprises necessary to complete the commercial re- sources of a town or city, none is of more importance than that of the grocer, as being one of the main factors in the furnishing of our food supplies. Prom- inent in this trade is the establishment of Mr. Thomas !•',. Kilroy, which was established in the east end of Windsor fifteen years ago, and two months ago was removed to its new and very handsome quarters in White's new building on .Sandwich .Street, which is a more eligible location and better adapted to the business conducted by the house The premi- ses occupied are large and commodious, being 22x90 feet in dimensions, where may be found a complete variety of domestic and imported groceries of all kinds, carefully selected with a due regard to the wants of the trade. All goods are procured direct from first hands, and from the extended experience of the proprietor, this house is able to compete in all respects with contemporaries. Ilesides the staple and fancy groceries carried there is a large stock of china, glass and stone ware of the best (jualily and at the lowest prices. Employment is furnished to five capable assistants and use is made of two teams in the delivery of goods. Mr. Kilroy is a native of Ireland, and is a gentleman possessing a full lind complete knowledge of every detail of the trade, and customers have realized that at this house they may depend upon obtaining terms an Hortin, Chemist and Druggist, lo Goyeau Street. -Among the most important as well as popu- ular drug stores in Windsor is that of Mr. W. D. Ilortin, which is located at No, 10 Goyeau .Street, which contains every requisite and convenience in this line of business, and has the reputation of being one of the best and most reliable in town. A-i a druggist and dispensing chemist Mr. Horlin has a wide reputation for care, skill and accuracy, and makes a specialty of compounding physicians' and difficult formukv. The premises occupied are 22x40 in dimensions and are neatly fitted up, and contain a general assortment of fresh and pure drugs, chemicals, proprietary medicines, perfumery, fancy and toilet articles, etc., besides all the other requisites used by physicians in their practice. Employment is furnished to two competent assistants. Mr. Ilortin is an asso- ciate of the Ontario College of Pharmacy, and has been established in business for the past thirteen years, during which time it has inet with eminent success and has kept constantly developing. Mr. Horlin manufactures many specialties, among the number being neuralgia pills, cough medicines and English Pain Destroyer, etc. lie is a native of Tasmania, born of English parents, and is a gentle- man who has seen much of the world in travel. lie is held in the highest estimation in the community for his many social and business qualities. il. 8. Edgar, Poots and Shoes, 23 Sandwich Street West. — The boot and shoe trade is one of much importance and is well represented in Windsor. Holding a leading place uuiong the more prominent merchants in this line is Mr. J. S. Edgar, whose store is located at No. 23 Opera House Block, Sand- wich Street West. This business was established eleven years ago, and ever since its inception has steadily and constantly increased in extent and im- portance. The premises occupied are 23x60 feet in dimensions and one and a half stories in height. Here is carried an excellent and large stock of the finest make of boots and shoes from the leading manufacturers in the Dominion, embracing the most fashionable footwear lor ladies and gent?, youths and children, from the finest kid to the heaviest kip; also rubbers and a full line of trunks and valises. Besides the manufactured stock in hand, Mr. Edgar makes boots and shoes to order, employing ten skilled workmen, and the work turned out l)y him is not surpassed by any other house in town for fit, quality of material or excellence of workmanship. Mr. Edgar is a thoroughly practical business man and understands all the details of his business. lie is a public spirited citizen, and has been a member of the Council, and also of the School Board for the past three years. He is a native of (^)uebec city, and is a gentleman highly respected by all who know him. d. W. Blaokadder, Dry Goods and Crockery, 15 Sandwich Slrtet West. — There are few older established business houses in Windsor than that of Mr. J. W. Blackadder, which was established as far back as 1849. Win5 feet in dimensions and two stories in height. Here will be foui\d one of the largest stocks of ready- made clothing in the town, of the most fashionable cut | and of the best quality of goods from the leading manufacturers of the Dominion, and at prices that cannot be Ijcaten. A large and well selected stock of gents' furnishings is also carried, including all the latest and most seasonable novelties in neckwear, hosiery, etc., also hats ;ind caps. In connection with the business there is a merchant tailoring de- partment, with an experienced and skillful cutler, and it is not loo much to say that the garments pro- duced by this house are not surpassed for tit, style or elegance by any other estal)lishment m Windsor. Rmployment is furnished to twenty assistants and skilled operators, and the trade of the house extends through Essex and Ken: counties. Mr. Rocheleau is a native of Canada, and is a wide-awake, enter- prising and progressive business man, as well as a public spirited gentleman, and has served in the Town Council of Windsor. W. O. Nutson, Planing Mill, London Street and Dougal Road. Among the business enterprises connected with manufacture there are none which have done more to build up the commercial prosperity and material progress of Canada more than the lumber and planing mill business, giving as it does employment to a large nund)er of workmen, and employing in the aggregate large capitals. Among those who occupy a popular and prominent ])osilion in this branch of trade in Windsor is Mr. W. G. Nutson, whose jiremises are located on London Street and Dougal Road. This gentleman has been established in business for ten years, and by per.se- verence, industry and ability has built up a trade second to none in the line in Windsor. Owing to the rapid increase in his business he was compelled to erect a new planing mill last fall, into which he removed in the beginning of the present year. The building, which is a substantial brick structure, is 55x95 leet in dimensions and two stories in height. This is fitted up with all the latest and most improved wood-working machinery, a new 40 horse-power engine and boiler having also been put in. The yards connected with the mill are 125x400 feet in dimensions, where is carried on an average three million feet of pine timber. Mr. Nutson manu- factures all kinds of sash, doors, b'inds, mouldings, sheetings, etc., requiring the services of thirty-five skilled workmen in its operations. Mr. Nut.- on is a native of Canada, and is a gentleman of large business experience and ability, as well as a public spirited citizen, and has served in the Board of Town Council. lie is held in high esteem by all who know him. Bradley Bros., Watchmakers and Jewellers, 14 Ouelette Avenue. -Among the thoroughly skilled practical watchmakers in Windsor there are none who are more liberally patronized than Messrs. Bradley Bros., whose store is located at No. 14 Ouelette Avenue, where they have been established since 1886, in the month of February. They have a full and comprehensive knowledge of every branch of the business, and are considered among the most careful and correct ir town. They make a specialty of fine watch and clock repairing, and execute all work left with them in the very best manner and which is guaranteed to give entire satisfaction. They are doing a good business and enjoying the esteem of all who deal with them. The premises occupied are 12x30 feet and are stocked with very fine lines of watches, clacks and jewellery of every description, chains, scarf pins, shirt studs and sleeve links, brooches, ear- rings, etc., which they sell at the most moderate prices. The firm are natives of Canada, and are young, active and enterprising business men, who seem to be on the sure road to business success. Connelly Bros. , General Insurance, Real Estate and Passenger Agents, Windsor, Ont. — Among the most important lines of commercial industry in any business community is that of insurance, which gives security to the merchant and the householder alike, and secures him from possible loss in case of the destruction of his property by lire. Among those prominently engaged in the insurance business in Windsor is the well-known firm of Messrs. Connelly Bros., whose office is located at No. 96 Sandwich .Street West. This business was established ten yeursago, and since its inception has proved eminently successful. The t'.rm represent, among others, the following well-known and substantial companies. Fire Insurance Companies : Lancashire, Guardian, Norwich Union, City of Londim, Scottish Union & National, Glasgow iV London, National, Liver- pool, London iV Globe, Atlas, PhiL'nix of Brooklyn, Citizens' lland-in-Hand, Royal Canadian, Lloyd's Plate-Glass. Steamship Companies : North German Lloyd, White Star, Netherland, Guion's Line, State, French, Cunard, Anchor, Allan, Hamburg American, Inman, Monarch, and Dominion lines. They are also the Windsor agents for the American Express Company. In adition to the above mentioned lines, they conduct a real estate business, buying, selling and exchanging, and making valuations on property, and loaning money on real estate security. Their facilities for loaning are unexcelled, representing as they do the London iV Canadian Agency Company the Toronto General Trust Company, and other first- class monetary institutions, besides having on hand large amounts of private funds. The members of the firm are natives of Canada, and are thoroughly enterprising and progressive business men, who are well deserving of the success attending their efforts. HEPUKSENTATIVE BUSINESS MEN 157 R« OllinSf Tanner and Boot and Shoe Dealer, II Sandwich Strcot K. — Among the old established, popular and prominent business houses in Winclsor is that of Mr. K. (iluns, whose establisiiment is located at No. II Sandwich Street Kast. This business was first established in Sandwich Street in i860, and sixteen years ago the boot, shoe and leather store was opened in this town. The tannery conducted by Mr. Gluns, which is located in Sandwich, is 20x40 leet in dimensions, one building, and another 20x30, and several other detached buildings in con- nection with the works. The line of goods manu- factured comprises upper, harness, calfskin and kip leathers, which are sold both at wholesale and retad throughout Essex and other counties. The retail store in Windsor is 20x50 feet in dimensions, where is carried a large and excellent stock of boots and shoes from some of the leading manufacturers in the Dominion, and suitable for ladies and gents and youths, misses and children, in all the most fashion- able styles and in leathers ranging from the finest kill to the heaviest kip. A customs department is also in connection, and the best class of work by skilled and experienced workmen is here produced. There is also carried a full line of trunks and valises, and also leathers of his own manufacture. Four assistants are employed in the tannery and two in the stores. Mr. Gluns is a native of (jermany, and is an enterprising, energetic and prosperous business man, and is at present Reeve of Sandwich. II gives alike, f the those less in nnnelly idwicb ten inently the panics, ardian, Union Liver- klyn, loyd's erman State, erican, y are xpress lines, selling perty. Their ing as npany r first- hand ers of )ughly 10 are orts. Air. t-xn TOWN OF .STRATHROY. A. Meekiseh, Grocer, Front Street.-^ Among cessful enterprise until some twenty-five years ago, those prominently identified with the grocery trade when he removed to Ingersoll and began the manu- of Strathroy is Mr. A. Meekison. This gentleman facture cf ale, under the style and lirm of M. \ L. began business son e 15 years ago, and during the Bixel. It will thus be seen that Mr. Bixel is endowed period that has since elapsed a large trade has been largelywith the spirit of enterpriseand thequalities for built up, which is constantly increasing. The preni- success, havinpr succeeded in every enterprise he has ises occupied are 50 feet deep, and the siock in trade, undertaken, bi g most reliable in all his transactions. consisting as it does of groceries of all kinds, pro- visions, flour and feed, crockery and glassware, is of ili Di M^CkiSOflt Bookseller and .Stationer, superior quality, and being procured for cash the Front Street. — It woulrl be difficult to estimate the advantages afforded to the customer are considerable; value of the book and stationery trade, and with the Mr. Meekison's motto being " small profits and (juick advance of education and refinement its claims are returns." Everything necessary to the carrying on of being more readily recognized. Prominent among a first-class grocery business is at all times to be found those engaged in it in Strathroy is Mr. J. D. Meekison, in this store, and at the most reasonable prices, a young and enterprising gentleman, who has been in Moreover. Mr. Meekison's trade has been built up by business for one year. The premises occupied are honorable and straightforward dealing, possessing the commodioii:., being 70 feet deep, and the stock confidence of all with whom he has had any relations carried is heavy and well assorted, consisting of books, whatever. Mr. Meekison is a Scotchman, and came stationery of all kinds, fancy goods, and Canadian, out to this country 25 years ago, or more, and during American and l''.nglish wall paper. The entire stock most of the time he has lived in .Strathroy. He is a is procured on those terms which enable Mr. Meeki- thorough and energetic man of business. son to offer special advantages to the public, and hence a large and flourishing trade is carried on. Mr. Meekison is also agent for the Canadian Pacific Railway Telegraph ("ompany. Mr. Meekison is a native of London, and studied in the Collegiate Institute of Strathroy, after wh'ch he entered a mercantile house, and prior to embarking in the stationery business was engaged in the grocery trade. M. Bixel & Sen, Manufacturers of Lager Beer, Caradoc Street. — The manufacture ef lager beer is an industry of great importance in this country, and ranks deservedly high in (|uality. In .Strathroy the firm of M. Bixel & Son is well-known, and wherever their goods are found they are held in high repute. The brewery operated by these gentlemen was estab- lished in 1872 by Henry Large, who was succeeded I Heskin ft Ce., Tinsmiths and Dealers in .Stoves, by one of the name of Beaity. In 1875 Mr. M. Bixel ^ etc., Frank Street. — Strathroy is justly reimted for became sole proprietor, and was the first to manu- its industrial enterprises, and among 'hose deserving facture lager beer in Western Ontario. In 1881 he of notice here is the manufacture of tinware. Those associated with him his son, trading under the firm most prominently identified with this industry in name of M. Bixel ct Son. The plant covers two acres Strathroy are Messrs. Hoskin & Co. These gentle- of ground, the brewery is a substantial white brick | men commenced business in 1879, since which time structure ; twenty competent hands are employed, a constantly increasing trade has been carried on, The output of malt is 15,000 bushels a year, and of which now extends as far as Lake F'.rie. The premises lager beer, which is solely manufactured, 224,000 occupied are large and commodious, being 125 feet gallons are yearly turned out. The products of this j deep ; six competent and experienced hands are firm are not excelled in Canada, and a large and con- j employed. The industry engaged in is tinsmith work stantly increasing trade is the result, extending as it of all sort, copper and sheet iron work, eavetrough- does throughout the whole of Western Oniaric. Mr. M. Bixel, who is a German by birth, came out to Canada when twenty years of age. He was the first to introduce the manuficture of cigars in Brantford. This was in 1854, and he continued to cany on a suc- ing and galvanized iron roofing, a specialty being made of metallic roofing — a branch in which these gentlemen have no superior, and arc the only ones (■ngaged in it in Strathroy. They keep constantly on hand stoves and base-burners manufactured by 158 TOWN OF STRATHROY the most prominent liouses in Canada, tinware and all house furnishing goods. These gentlemen also deal very largely in skins and hides, and carry on an enormous trade, supplying one party in London alone with $S,ooo worth of these goods per annum. The total annual trade of this firm amounts to $15,000. Mr. Iloskiii, the head of this establishment, is by birth an Knglishman, but has lived in Canada for at least half a century. He is a practical mechanic and thorough man of business, and is ably assisted by his sons, Messrs. F. T., F. G. and G. H. Hoskins, who are associated with him in business. Strathroy Manufaoturinc Oo. (Llmlt«4), Head Street. — Prominent among the industries cnr- ried on in Strathroy is that of the manufacturing company of that name. The premises occupied were originally used as a foundry. Established some fifteen years ago ; and in November of last year (1886) the present joint stock company was formed, of which the ofiicers are .Messrs. Chas. Grist, Presi- dent ; ^V. J. Dyas, V'ce-President ; Jas. H. English, Managei, uiul A. A. Cockburn, .Secretary. The plant covers over an acre of ground, the buildings are substantial white brick structures, and the factory is ecpiipped with the latest and most improved machin- ery. Motive power is supplied by an engine of 40 horsL'-powcr, and there are some forty mechanics employed. The industry embraces the manufacture of hand hay-rakes, grain cradles, grass snaths, fork, hoe and l)roi)m handles and wood turnings. These goods as produced by this Company are not surpassed anywhere on this continent. Every mechanical facility and the most skilled and competent labor being brought to their production, hence the trade carried on is very large and constantly increasing. Mr. James II. Englisli, the manager, is an Irishman by birth, com- ing out to this country when only seven years old. He is a thorough, energetic and a most competent, painstaking and reliable manager. it was burned, the whole plant was removed to Strathroy, where it has since been successfully carried on. It is controlled by a joint stock company, the odicers being Messrs. James Walson, President ; Rupert Watson, Secretary, and William Dewar, .Manager. The grounds covered by the mill and complete plant is at least one acre and a (jiiarter in extent, and the buildings are substantial white brick structures, There are 120 hands employed, seven sets of cards being in operation. All classes of knitted goods are turned out, such as men's and ladies' underwear, etc., the annual output averaging from 25,000 to 30,000 dozen of shirts and drawers. The goods turned out have secured for this concern an enviable reputation, an enormous trade being carried on, which extends over the whole of the Dominion, totaling at least $150,000 per annum. I The manager, .Mr. William Dewar, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, having lived for twenty-nine I years in this country, twenty of which he has been [ manager of the above concern. He is practical and experienced in all the details relative to this particular I industry, painstaking and most assiduous •" his attention to the interests of the company 1. -m he has so long and so successfully m, ,"■ -ir I business. Strathroy Knitting Co., Front Street.— The knitting industry of Canada is of deservediv high repute, and foremost among the industries of Strathroy is that of the Strathroy Knitting Co. This concern was established in Ancaster in 1865, being the original knitting mill in Can.ida, and in 1S75, when t Charlas Orist, General Hardware and Iron i Merchant, corner Front and Frank Streets. — The j hardware trade is of primary significance, and fore- most among those engaged in it here is Mr. Charles i Grist. This gentleman commenced business in 1871, \ since which time a large and nourishing trade has been built up. The premi ses occupied form part of a substantial while brick structure, and are 80x24 feet in dimensions, three stories in height. The \ stock, which is very heavy and of first-class quality, consists of a complete line of shelf and carriage hard- ware, paints, oils, glass, doors, sash rope, etc. The stock is procured on the most favorable terms, and the large trade enjoyed by this gentleman is both wholesale and retail, the jobbing alone being con- siderable. He is also a large dealer in carriage goods, wood works, wheels, etc. Mr. Grist is a Canadian, and learned his business in Quebec and Montreal. He has lived 18 years in Strathroy, being now one of its most prominent and highly respected inhabitants. R. M. WAN/KR A 00. 160 [ III R. M. Wanisr Ic Co., Manufacturers and Patentees of the celebrated "Wanzer" Lamp, Hamilton, Ont. — The present age is undoubtedly one of the greatest progress, and every year witnesses new triumphs in the world of invention. Perfection is rapidly approaching in every article of manufacture, and nowhere is this more clearly to be seen than the advancement which has been made in the plans and devices for the purpose of ])roviding the most efficient of artificial light, with the greatest degree of safety. The numerous accidents to life and properly, which have been caused by lamp explosions, have naturally turned the attention of scientists and inventors in the direction of supplying such an article, as while dis- tributing an even, steady and full light, shall at the same time be of such a construction as to make explosions an impossibility. Such an invention has, after fifteen years' experimenting, been produced by Messrs. K. M. Wanzer & Co. The fame of this Companyinconnectionwilh the well-known "Wanzer" Sewing Machine is world-wide, and in the production of the "Wanzer " lamp, they have added fresh laurels to their crown. The general utility of the sewing machine is in a great measure confined to one sex, but the utility of the "Wanzer" lamp is universal, and its great merits must be recognized as a boon by the whole civilized globe. The wide reputation of the Company is in itself sufficient to insure for this jiroduction a trial, and when once tested its own peculiar qualities will require no further recommen- dation. No expense has been spared in purchasing the latest improved tools and machinery necessary to manufacture it and place it on the market as cheaply as possible. It is positively non-explosive, and can be rolled around the floor when lighted with perfect safety. The cold blast of air constantly surrounding the oil well keeps it cool, therefore the cheapest grades of coal oil can be used with perfect safety as well as the highest grades. .Should the lamp fall from the table the flame would instantly be extin- guished, instead of causing an explosion like the ordinary lamp. No chimney is used, or glassware of any kind, the combustion is perfect and there is no odour whatever, while the mechanism is on an entirely new principle and the lamp will last for many years. The " Wanzer wick " is made expressly for this lamp, and the mechanism will with one winding, give a light of fifty candle-power, foi over six hours, the llame given out being much better than gr.s. Fixtures specially ada])ted for this lamp are also manufactured, whereby water can be heated, te.'i or coffee made, oysters cooked, etc., in a few minutes, while in the sick room it is an invaluable ac(iuisition. The " Wanzer" lamp was patented in iS86, both at home and abroad, and since its introduction the demand has been enormous. The factory used for its manufactory is perfectly equipped in all it< details, covering an area of four acres, with a frontrge of 900 feet and 151,570 square feet of floori.ig. The Emperor of Austria conferred upon >'.r. R. M. Wanzer the lion Cross and knighted h.m with the Order Francis Joseph the First, for 'lis valuable services in the sewing machine business, which were the highest honors conferred at the Vierna Kxhibition of 1873. Though unable to confer specific honors, the citizens of all enlightened countries to an equal extent show their appreciation of his Utest production by heartily endorsing, in the sha|)e jf i)raclical use, this wonder of the world — the " Wr.nzer " Lamp. UiO CITY OK (ilKLPH W. Bell & Co., .Maiuiractui'cr.s of the "Hell" Oigan, (Uiclph. The history of ilic inception and prot^rcss of (he firm of \V. Hell & Co., manufacturers of the " Pell " organ, is one full of interest. Tiie business was estal)lisheil in 1S64 in a small wooden buildini;, which is existing at the present day, an inferior and dilapidated shanty, and in striking con- trast to the magnificent and mammoth building now the liome of the manufactory, which is located on Market Square, and is the lirst structure of import- ance that meets the eye of the stranger arriving at the depot. The development of the business has been astonishing, but it has been due entirely to tlie energy, push, enterprise and ability of the firm, and the superior quality of the in struments manufactured by them, which now give forth tiieir melodious tones not only in Canada but also in England, on the European Continent, in Australia, and other foreign countries. At the inception of the business one organ a week to be manufactured was no small task, while now they average 6,000 per annum, nliich, placing the price of each instrument at $100, a low average, wouUi give the an- nual output to be $6on,ooo, and this has been a rapid increas-; from 1885, when the total average for the year was about 4,800 instruments. The premises occupied by the firm are two extensive buildings, tile main structure being five stories in height and the other four stories, and both having a fioorage area of 200,000 square feet. All the different departments are under the supervision of a skilled and competent head. All the latest anil most improved machinery and appliances are in the build- ing, the machinery being driven by an So- horse power engine, with two boilers of double that capacity. Employment is given toabouj 350 skilled workmen. Messrs. W. Bell & Co. are self-made men, and have built up an industry of which the people of the Royal City of Guelph may well feel proud, and may well hold the members of the firm in the highest estimation. SINGKU MANIFACTUUIXO COMPANY 161 be l&J Im »am iiy Singer Sewiijg Machine Is our latest production, and is superior to all others for simplicity, durability, ease of operation, (|uietness, beauty of stitch, perfection of mechanical principles in construction, etc., etc., besides possessing many points of excellence over all others which cannot be here enumerated, and must be seen to be fully appreciated. It has a High Arm, Automatic Bobbin, Winder, Self- Setting Needle, and an Oscil- lating Shuttle that can be threaded without removing it from the machine. It is almost noiseless, and runs so lightly that a child can operate it. All kinds of Plain, Fancy and Artistic Needlework, on every kind of fabric, can be done with the attachments now givei^ aWay with this machine. It excels in all kinds of Family Sewing, and delights every lady who owns one. Do not buy a machine until you have seen and tried our New Improved Family. Sold on easy monthly payments. We have Branch Ofifices in all large towns, and agents nearly everywhere. TRE SINGER MANyrAGTedRlNG OQ. Principal Office, Head Office for Canada, 34 Union Square, New Yori( 66 King Street West, Toronto 62 DOMINION OF CANADA THE CANADIAN CANALS. St. L,.wren'ce Systkm.— The great lake and river system of Canada has been mode continu- ously navigable for a distance of 2,;Ki statute miles, by a connecting chain of ten canals, com- prising 71i miles of artificial navigation. This system extends from the Straits of Belle Isle to Thunder Bay, at the hood of Lake Superior. Tfc J following table of distances indicates aiso the respective positions of thejo canals, thus :— 8TATUTB MILES Straits of Belle Isle to Father Point 613 , Father I'oint to Uimouski 6 Rimouski to Quebec 177 Quebec to Three Rivers (or tide-water) 74 Three Rivers to Montreal 86 Lacnino Canal 8^ Lochine to Beauharnois 17i Beauharnois Canal 17} St. Cccilo to Cornwall 32} Cornwall Canal UJ Ri>xr and Farrau's Point Canal 16J Rapide Plat Canal 4 River and I'oint Iroquois Canal 7J Junction and Galops Canals ^ 4t Prescott to Kingston ff 66| Kingston to Port Dalhousie 170 Port Dalhousio to Port Colborno (Welland Canal) 27 Port Colborno to Amhcrstburg 232 Amherst burg to Windsor 18 Windsor to Foot of St. Mary's Island 25 Foot of St. Mary's Island to Sarnia 33 Samia to foot of St. Josepti's Island 270 Foot of St. Joseph's Island to Sault Ste. Marie 47 Sault Ste. JIario Canal 1 Head of Sault Sto. Marie to Pointe aux Pins 7 Pointo aux Pins to Duluth 390 Total 2,381 Distances to Liverpool.— Add to this fable the 2,231 statute lailes' distance from the Straits to Liverpool, and it gives a total navigable length of 4,618 miles from UiUuth, the extreme head of Lake Superior, to Liverpool. Difference of Levels,— The difTorenco in level to be overcome, to whero tidal influence ceases, is about (iOO feet. Of this, the Canadian canals, with a total number of 83 locks, overcome a height of Si'iJ feet. Tito one-mile long Sault Stilf-a-mile wide, between St. Peter's Hay on the Atlantic, and the Bras d'Or Lakes of Cupe Breton. It has a lock 48 X 200 feet, with a depth of 18 feet and a breadth of 55 feet. DOMINION OF CANADA 168 LIST 07 CANADIAN RAILWAYS. Jmie SOlli, 1885. i NAME OF KAILWAY. Lenoth OF Line. Completed. (Raliriald.) Under Constmo- tlon. 1 Albert 61.00 1 Atlantic & North- West .. 7 00 1 Bay of Oainte & Navigation ComunuT 8.60 134.80 362.44 8,744.40 21.00 13.00 104.00 9.00 36.00 32.00 79.76 14.00 41.60 82.60 ; 3,601.42 7.84 176..S0 8 00 b..66 6.81 27.00 112.00 78.64 S4.00 44.67 23.60 38.60 4 Caunda Atlnutic . , . K A .... 3,119.20 \ 207 00 Montreal to Ottawa (Sectiou of Q. M. B. & O. Railway).. . Credit Valley !!!!"iiB'.u6' Manitoba South- Western 60.70 Ontario & Quebec . - .... 199JS0 1 Toronto Grev & I3ruoe . imnn/ 7 40 00 H n in n n ('uiub«riau(l H(;ilwa.' & Coal Co .' 11 14 13.00 16 1R (i^raud Southern . . . , , 17 . . . . 887.26 . . . . 162.00 Georgian Bav Ae Lake ILrie .... niM .... 62.26 . .. . 6S0.M ' London *c Port Stauley ) Welliui^ton, Grey & B-uce Brantford Norfolk & Port Burwell . . . . 23.66 . . . . 168;« 34.74 " . . . 68.89 /Midland Division \ Midland V Toronto & Niplssing } Grand iFunctlon . . . . 166.76 . . . . 111.60 87.76 Whitbv. Port Perrv fc Lindsav 46..W Victoria Lindsav to I'^aliburton 63.26 8.60 1R Great Northern 19 Hamilton i North-Weatern an 19. UO 21 m 23 24 KiuK^tou & Pombrok© - «1 'Fanitoba & Vorth-W'*9toru 61 f6 •nn VlasHawippl Valley 27 'M 29 Xapaneo, Tani worth & Quebeo 30 Now Brunswtok . . . 174,00 1 !New Brun-^wick & Canada J 17.00 ' 415.00 17.00 21)9.74 67.110 Ht John Ac Miiinn 9 rn " Froderirltiu 22 60 ) 81 New Bnui'^wiok Ac Prince Kdward*8 Inland 20.00 32 33 Northern & Wo?*t(irn t\ New Brunswick 40 no 84 Nortliorn & Paiuflc Junction in. CO 209.00 101 21 36 NorthShore(Seotionof Q. M. O. &0. R'y)Quebe toMo treal North- Western Coal & Navliration Co 8R 109.611 S7 NovaHc(»tia, Nictaux &' Atlantic 73.00 88 Oxford to Now Glas^jow (Section of Montreal & Europeau Short Pontiao & Pacific Junction LluB K'y... 76. (fl 89 21.66 210.60 40 Prince Kdward Island 41 42 Quebec At Lake St, John );'> tm 16 no 43 tJuob(>c Central rw.co 43.1)0 260.00 69 ID) 3».U 3.16 30.10 67,00 nil. 00 10,773 64 40. '10 44 Stau-^t.Mid, Shefford & Chambly South-Eustern 46 , . 152.(10, Montreal, Por lancl& Bost »'» 46.00 46 Lake Cham pi dnfc St. Lawrence Junction St. Lawrence k, Ott«^'a . . . 63.00 ^ 47 St. Mart iu's k TTphau 48 41 Thousaud I-^lands Waterloo & Ma^t)^ 20.00 1 in 11-. . no 61 Windsor & » unapoHs . . . 8t.()0 1 3i00) 812.26 164 PALMER HOUSE, TORONTO TKHl "PAliMER (JSC i^ Klira AlTD Tons STBEETS, touoitto , .4;^;!f ;&;;;: ONE OF Th:Z BEST bOeATED jHOTELS liT TI^E ClT"2r Complete in ail its appointments, with magnificent parlors and bedrooms detached and en suite. J, C, PALMER, Proprietor Large and convenient sample rooms for travellers. =^ 1) oms 'OR