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 INCRKASINii I'HODLMTION BUT REDUCINl! COSTS OF 
 
 DAIHV IMloDliTS BY CSlMi SlUIIK MADE 
 
 FROM PEAS AM) OATS Oil OATS ALONE. 
 
 (1. II. Ill TTON, U.S.A. 
 
 The value nf tin- silo. |initi<Mil;irly for Alhcr'ii diiiryiiu-n, i.- liff-Muiiiiii; to In- mure 
 i.'1'iicriill.v rccofiiii/cii v:u-\t .vc:ir. Wliilc no liiry,v vuhmic of cxiKruinc liiis Ix'cii 
 Mciniumhit.'il in r(t::ir(l \<> tlw pnn-ti.Mliility of the -Wo in ilitiVrcnt parts of the 
 prDvincc, Mitticiint uork iia- already l"''>i ''"'K' '" prnvc tliat a- a nica.surc uf t'iM>n(>iny 
 in the prodiu'tion uf milk and liuttcr. tiic silo is dcr-tini'd tn (x-cupy an imp'Ttant 
 placi'. 
 
 At tlic I.aciimlii' Station experiments have l.eeii conducted during' the past two 
 years in which the feeding' value of silatre made from peas and oats and sihi^e from 
 corn ha> heen compared with various otlii-r fodders ordinarily nseil hy dairymen, 
 ini'ludin^' lieas and oats <ut for >rreeii feed and c\ired in the slieat. 
 
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 COST OF PRODUCING BUTTEK. 
 
 In the work done du^in^' the season of l!U4-ir. some striking economies were 
 etiected when silaj;e maile from peas and oats was fed as comiiared with the same 
 fodder cut at the >ame static of development and ci:re(I in the tield as ^'reen feed. 
 A pound of hntter costs Hi-T cents when peas and oats silajre was fed. and 20-^4 
 cent> wlan the same feed cured as trreen feed was used. In each ease this is the 
 averaj;e of the re>ult> of tour trials in which the wli(de herd was used and it shows 
 a saviuf: of ol4 cents \wt i)<i\in<l in the cost of a i>ound of hutt^'T, directly ilue to the 
 method followed in lurinff the tmhier— a savinjr of :i(l per cent. 
 
 The price at which tlie fodders have ijeen charged to the cattle is .$:! per ton 
 for silaL'c and -tlO per ton for (ireen feed. While the shrinkafie when eurin^' in the 
 tield v,u-ie> CTcatly. dependintr upon the staf-'c of maturity at v,-hich the emp is cut. 
 we believe that these values hear approximately the same relation to each other as 
 does the i;reen weif-'ht of the material put in the silo as compared with its weitrht 
 when <ured and reaily for stackinjr. The suiijily of moisture in the soil at the time 
 the crop is <-\it al>o has a heariuf.' on the >lirinkan<' while curinj;. In 1!»1") there had 
 heen a perio<I of eidit to ten days of dry weather prior to *!ie time when the crop 
 was cut for ensilini:- and the amount of moisture carried hy the crop at that time 
 
 DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 
 
 J. H. GRISDALE, B.Agr., 
 
 Director. 
 
 G. H. HUTTON, B.S.A., 
 Supt., Experimental Station, Lacombc, Alta. 
 
 EXHIBITION CIRCULAR No. 98. 
 
 {March, 1917.) 
 
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 was not noarly as great (.■vcn tlmiiKli it was in tlic auiiu- >tiii,'(' of devciopuicut as it 
 WHS tliir prcvimis .vcnr. We tlirri't'orc i-oiicliidc tliat tlie uiiiuuut ol iiioistiiri- furrit'd 
 li.v the ('ri)|i at tlie same sta^fe of maturity varies, inatiTially. Takiiit? the tinures so 
 far se('ure<l howivcr, tlie relation between the ^ri'eii weijtht and the cured weight as 
 iitiovo e-^tiniiited i- iiiiiiroxiinatrly eorrert and tlie value of if'i per ton for silu^e and 
 •I'll' per ton for urc-n feed appears frnni the tests so far made to be relatively eorrect. 
 
 VALUE OF PEAS AND OATS SILAGE AS COMFABED WITH COBN. 
 
 Sinee a crop can be produced weighing from eight to twelve tons per acre green 
 weight, it would appear that tlie dairymen of Alberta were not particularly liandi- 
 eappijd in tiic matter of competing with the dairymen of Eastern Canada or the 
 United States where corn forms the chief bulky fodder. This is particulaily true 
 when we consider that we can produce a fairly heavy tonnage of peas and oats or 
 oats alone on rdatively mucli cheaper land. From the results secured here it is 
 apparent tliat jieas and oats made a silage superior to corn such as we have been 
 able to grow. This is duo no doubt to the fact that corn does not reach the dough 
 stage while peas and oats reach that stage of maturity carrying maximum nutrients. 
 Those parts of the province that can bring corn to the proper stage of maturity for 
 ensilase would no doubt find silage made from corn eijual to that made from pens 
 and oats. However, corn is n doubtful crop in this section of the province, for 
 during only one-half of the years sinee this Station was established have we been 
 able to (rrow a crop of fodder which wo would consider profitable. Tf a farm were 
 running to maximum capacity it is clear that the owner could not depend upon a 
 crop whicli would produce only every alternate year. Peas and oats are a safe crop. 
 The tonnage produce<l when valued nt $.1 per ton gives a satisfactory return from the 
 land and the advantage of being able to reduce butter costs from 20 to 2.' per cent 
 as compareil with the cost of butter made fri>m the fodder producing the next best 
 results, should reconiinend this crop to every progressive dairyman. 
 
 SOWING AND HARVESTING THE CEOP. 
 
 When peas and oats are sown together we use two bushels of oats and np of 
 l>eas to the acre, sowing immediately following the crop intended for th .ng. 
 Where oats are u^cd alone three and a half bushels (jf seed to the acre shou' j used. 
 In unlinary seasons a crop sown at this time will be ready to put in the s before 
 the crop intended for threshing is cut. The green feed should be cut wliei. the oats 
 are in the late milk or early dough stage, being harvested with the binder and cut 
 in!o till' .-ilo at once before there is an opportunity for loss of moisture. The cuttini; 
 bo.x should be .set to Cut as short as jxissible and the silage well tramped, particularly 
 about the edges. Two or three active men should be allotted to the job of keeping 
 the ingoing silage well spread and tramped. If attention is given to this matter 
 there will be no loss due to an over-supply of air in silage which would carry fer- 
 mentation too far and spoil the silage. We have not lost a pound of silage during the 
 three years in which the silo has been in use here except at the top where about six 
 or eight inches of the surface has been lost each year while curing in the silo before 
 feeding commences. 
 
 Published by the authority of the Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agriculture. 
 
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