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\ 
 
 THE 
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 
 COAL AND RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 BY 
 
 ¥ 
 
 LIONEL H. SHIRLEY, 
 
 Mem. Inst. C. E. 
 
 M> 
 
 v:\.. 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
\^' ^ I \ I r. > 1 ' 'i 
 M ,. M OKI AJ, l.i n'^ ^'^^ 
 
 rin. 
 
 NMMUHOl' I'U-KAHl) HlM' 
 
 COM.l.CHON 
 
 OJ 
 
 ACADIAN A 
 
 
 i 
 
iWa? 
 
 THE 
 
 I 
 
 CUMBERLAND 
 
 ■•! 
 
 COAL AMD RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 BY 
 
 LIONEL H. SHIRLEY. 
 
 Mem. Inst. C. E. 
 
 MONTREAL : 
 TIIK (JAZETTK PPtlNTING f:OMPANY, 
 
 1884. 
 
fr£ 
 
 ^-l\0 
 
 c g 
 
 ' 149707 
 
 iV)«unt Allisvn 
 
 Mamorial 
 
 Ubrary 
 
 II 
 
li 
 
 THE CUMBERLAND 
 
 COAL AND RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 T? K P O R T. 
 
 NOVA S(H)TIA roAL. 
 
 It is many y(.ar8 sine- .o;,! was jjvst discovered in 
 
 Nova Scotia, tor in the year ns:, it iipj^ars that lOOS 
 
 Ions were raised, ai.d in IMlV, llmt the „ntput had in- 
 
 rrcsed to. !»,000 tons. In this year th,. right of miuino. 
 
 in. Nova Seotia was aeqnired by the Duke ol' York, and 
 
 from him pas.sed into the hmids of a company called 
 
 • The General Minin- Assoeiation.'" This company 
 
 commenced operations in various localities in the Pro- 
 
 vince, and the result was an increased output. The 
 
 amount mined in ]H:U b.-inu' r,(;,4.'54 tons- in 
 
 1;)0,()74 tons; iind in IS.")2 isii.OTi; t 
 
 monopoly was fatal t<» privnte ent 
 were taken by the provincial 
 
 184 
 ons ; but such 
 
 a 
 
 reuioviil of this restrict 
 
 erprise, and stejw 
 government for the 
 
 raniivd with the • (ii'iienil Mi 
 Th:it in all ])l:ices where the A 
 
 ion. and it wns ultimately ar- 
 
 on 
 
 nino- Asssociation " : 1st. 
 ssociation was carryiu<»' 
 minino' operations, a .-ertiiin .speeili,>d area of land 
 should be the ubsohit.- prop,.rtv of the Association- 
 and, seeondly. that th(> Association had the privileg-o of 
 i'laimino. for minino' purpo.s,..s a pare,.] of land in" the 
 vicinity of any plaee where minerals were di,seovered 
 
inul iv sulli<i»'nl liin<» wns uivou lo the Assorijilion in 
 which to liikn full iKlviiii<ii'4(' of thcsf coiKlilioiis. At 
 the fxpiiiitioii ol'ihis tt'iiii the Assoriiilion losi iis ninii- 
 opoly, and ilio l'rf>viiit(' was i'rci' lo gTaiit rights oi" 
 search aiitl iiiininii' leases. 
 
 V 
 
 \(iV.\ SCOTIA COM, KIKM) 
 
 The Proxiiirc of Nr)\a Scoliii is rich in minerals. It 
 contains uohl, sihci-. c(»i»pci'. lend and iioii ores, and 
 most ol' the (hnnestic mineials. Those worked dnrinu' 
 the past yciir arey-old. iron, copper and nnmuancsc ores, 
 li'vpsiim, harytes and lire( hiy, hut ahove jill (h)es it 
 ahonnd in coal. 
 
 The millstone u'rit occnrs at the base of the comI mea- 
 sures, and is nuire i)articularly developed in Cuniher- 
 hmd and Cape Ijreton counties, showinu' that it under- 
 lies the I'rovince from north-wesi to s(»ut.h-eaHt. 
 
 Abo^■e this aic tin' tru(^ coal measures considered 1)y 
 Dr. Dawson ti> a\'era<>e 4.00(1 I'eet in thickness. They 
 are nn>t in Cundx'rland. i'iclou. Antinonish. Cape lire- 
 ton, Richmond. Victoria, and rnvcrn<'ss counties. 
 
 Tlu^ upi)er c(ial measur<'s show sandstones, marls and 
 shah's containinu' seams ol'coal not larg-e eiiouii'h, how- 
 ever, to allow oi' prolitahle working- : they iire met in 
 Cumberland above the true coal, and in I'iclou ami 
 C^oh'hester counties. 
 
 ]ieneath the millstone u'rit is the lower carbonitbrous 
 nnirine ibrmation containiuii- limestone and uypsum. 
 
 The extent of the carboniferous measures in Nova 
 Scotia nuiy be rouii'hly estinuited at 5.000 square miles. 
 
 Nova Scotia coal belonu's entirely to the bitumincms 
 category ; it maybe sub-divided in coking, cherry, and 
 canmd coal. 
 
1' 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 II is prL'suiiKMl thill lilt' prodiiriivf iiifiisurcs iH'loim- 
 1(» (he siiuii' lioi'i/())i in ii'coloni, ill scinu'iicf as IIiom'oI" 
 (In'at Driiiiiii and ili«' Iniird Siait's. as tlu'\ pn'scnt 
 many ])(>inls ol' similarity, hoi li in fossils and iu usso- 
 fiiitcd strata. 
 
 Some (»!' Ihi^ foal lound iji Sydin'v is vvfll adapt «'<l lor 
 j^'jis makiiin'. Icaviuu' a rokf of u<»od (jiiality, l)u( yifhls 
 a foiisidrrahlc amount of smoki- ; vvhilf other is uood 
 lor steam jmrposes. althouiih inrlined to .linker. Cau- 
 nel coal is also Ibuiul. 
 
 No eoal was worked during' the [>asl year in Inver- 
 ness, Uiehmond or V'ieloria rounties. 
 
 The area ol" the ['ictou coal Jield is estimated at .{."> 
 sijuare miles. The mines w(trked are the Acadian, 
 Alhion. \'ale and inter.oionial. The main seam is the 
 principal one worked, hi'inu' a i>"ood steam coal, and 
 yields coke of a uood ()uality, which is used hv the 
 Steel (Vinipany of ('aiia<la, al Londond-rry. for their 
 hhisl furnaces. The I'ictou coal seams yield a considei- 
 ahle amount of a.sh : the main seam t>'ivin^' as much as 
 10.41 per cent. 
 
 The (himherlaiid coal li(dd contains numerous seams 
 of<()al; some of considerahle thickness. The coal is in 
 hiii'h demand for steam purposes. 
 
 The output of coal in Nova !Se(ttia was, in 1HS2. con- 
 fined to th(^se three counties. The amounts raised 
 being as follows : 
 
 (\ipe Breton County colleries, oHo.oflS ton.s. 
 
 rietou, - 4 ■' 44<!,137 " 
 
 Cumberland, " o " :.'ls,34!i •' 
 
 IRON ORES IN N()V.\ SOoTlA. 
 
 The iron ores of Nova Scotia are of varied species, 
 many of them of groat purity. They comprise bog 
 
ores, jiiiiyiiciii.', . liiy. ironsloiip. s|>('rjiliir r.-d, licnuilil*'. 
 siKilliir oivs, liiiioiiili- iind liliiiiilcnMis oiv, fxIfiKliiiL;' in 
 11 l)iO!i(l hiiiid iVoiii wcsl to ..jisl olllif I'roviiiiT. 
 
 Th.' OIVS worked ni Loiidondcny miv liinoiiii,..s ;,|jd 
 ivd hciiiiiliir. ricloii Coiiiily routiiins ill iiddilioi, |„,n. 
 ore and «lay iroii.sloiif. 
 
 Tin; liilKuirs ol' ||m> Ciiiiiidiiin Gcolon-icjil Survey liiivf 
 Jis yi't Ix'i'ii roiiliiird inoiv specially fo llie detcnniiialifni 
 of the tnu'coal nieasuies. and loa small portion ol" Ihe 
 rroviiice only as regards iron cies, and douldless (»ilier 
 tb'posilH arc yel to he disrovered. 
 
 <> 
 
 HAIMA' IlISTolIV ()!•• SlMvMNC IIIM, MINKS. 
 
 Short l\ alter I ha( the Tioviiice was live IVom the 
 niininu' restrictions, coal was aividentally discovered 
 at Sprinu' Hill, in the ("ounty of Cumherlaiid. and a 
 company was Ibrmed to work it. At that time the In- 
 tercolonial K'ailway was not thouu'ht of. the .ountry 
 was covered with dense Ibrest, no roads existed, and the 
 locality was twenty-sev<-n miles from the coast, it was 
 unsuccessful ly attemjitcd to dis])ose of the company's 
 property in l"]ni«-land. Still some yood work must have 
 been done, for in 18^2, the Inlercolonial liailway beinu- 
 in course of construction, and the country ])eini>' b(»tter 
 known, some capitalists of St. John, N.B., formed a 
 company with a capital of s;400,0(l(i, under the miine of 
 th(> S])rin<>- Hill Mi?iino- C^o.. and bought out llie ohl 
 • ompaiiy lor s!i'70,()(i(l. The new ctmipany was suc.vss- 
 fiil, and shortly after the Government <>ranted a eliarter 
 for a railway to Parrsboro', a town on Minas IJasin, Bay 
 of Kundy. the distaiKie Ix'ing' 27 miles. 
 
 Business prospia-inu'. and linding- their working's near 
 the boundary somewlnit limited, and requiring" exten- 
 
* I 
 
 1 
 
 HJoii, Ihoy imivhasod IVom fh.' Ocii.Tiil Miiiiny A.sso.iti- 
 tioii lour Nquiirc mil.-s ol" hiiul with iiiiiiiny- leas.', that 
 that Compaiiy had ar(|uir<Ml coiitii-iKnis jo Ihcui. Thf 
 piiro paid was !§l'()().(MM> in rash, and .sliaivs. and tho 
 
 • ash paynicnts wt'if mad.' out ol iiiolits IVum ih.' iniiics. 
 In 1874. an additional .slope was nindf a»id supplied 
 with nuKhincry, and a.s ii <r,-,.iij pojiion „|' (h,. proHt.s 
 had Ix'cn dt'votod to the dcv.'lopnicnt of th.' mine.', the 
 
 • apital was iurruased 2r> per cont., bringing it up to 
 
 The output ot* th<' roUicry for the last five pr.'.vdiiiu' 
 yoars, as taken from the <ompany's books, was as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 1^*7^ km; |;i5A Ions. 
 
 1«"<!> '>,lon " 
 
 l*^'"') IHA.Hr^l " 
 
 18M1 100,:i2<t " 
 
 1882 201,H«4 '• 
 
 and for tho first half of 1883, 104,280 tons. 
 
 DIWCIIIPTION i)V THE aiPliING HIIJ. .MINES. 
 
 The ►S])ring Hill mines are situated nearly in the ( en- 
 tre of the County of Cumborland, and on thi' hiyiiest 
 S-round between Minas Iksiu and I he Gulf of St. Law- 
 rence, and are by rail distant IVom : 
 
 Halifax ]oo „jii,.^ 
 
 St. John, iN.B i.-,4 ■• 
 
 Quebec 5,;4 .. 
 
 Montreal 700 " 
 
 Mr. Edward Gilpin, jr., Government inspector of 
 
8 
 
 Mines of Nova S(!otia, gives the following section of the 
 formation of the property : 
 
 No. 1 coal seam, north seam being 
 
 worked 18 feel. 
 
 ^ti-ata 105 feet. 
 
 Coal seam o' to tl 
 
 i^tmt-A 130 feet. 
 
 Coal seam 2.4 
 
 strata 185 feet. 
 
 No. 2 Coal seam, main or black 
 
 seam being' worked 11. (i 
 
 J^triita «() |e,.j. 
 
 No. .■> coal seam, soutli scam, ln'inii' 
 
 worked ll.o 
 
 ^ti'ata 1,10 1'^^.et. 
 
 Coal seam ^y, 
 
 ^tr-diix • 11)0 feet. 
 
 Coal seam 4.0 
 
 ^ti'i^tii no reel. 
 
 Coal seam i>.!t 
 
 'J'otals (;2.7 IMItl icel. 
 
 Shewing in a depth of l,()i>:} ft. 7 ins., a ihi.kness of 
 good workable coal of ;h ft. 7 ins. The coal to the 
 westward of tlie present workings has bei'n i)roved for 
 over a mile in length by trial pits and slopes. 
 
 It is estimated that on each square mile of area of the 
 Company's land, now being- developed and worked, 
 there is an available quantity of coal amounting to 24 
 millions of tons. 
 
 I am informed that other workable seams are known 
 to exist, both underlying and overlying this group, but 
 they have not been opened out. 
 

 
 The seams at present workod are : 
 No. 1 Seam, averaging from 13 ft. to 18 ft. in thickness. 
 No. 2 Seam, main or black seam, 10 ft. 6 ins. to 11 ft. 
 in thickness. 
 
 No. 3 Seam, south seam, 11 ft. in thickness. 
 
 The land owned in fee simple consists of 6,430 acres, 
 equal to 10 square miles, and the coal areas therein are 
 held by lease in perpetuity direct from the Crown 
 through the Government of Nova Scotia. 
 
 In Nova Scotia a royalty is paid to the Crown of 10 
 cents per ton, of 2,240 lbs. of screened coal. It is the 
 intention of the Provincial Government to reduce this 
 to 7| cents. The screenings are free of royalty. 
 
 The average inclination or dip of the coal seams is 
 from 29 to 32 degTees towards the north-west. It is 
 noticed that the dip flattens deeper down, indicating a 
 coal basin, but its northern outcrop is not known. The 
 trial pits sunk on No. 3 seam westward of the present 
 w^orkings and on the outcrop, show the strike to trend 
 gi-adually southward. No traces of faults here have 
 been found, and the seams preserve their normal width. 
 
 The coal is worked by slopes sunk on the seam : 
 
 No. 1 is 800 feet long on the dip. 
 
 No. 2 is 800 " " " " 
 
 No. 3 is 1,400 " " " " 
 
 No. 4 is now being sunk. 
 
 These slopes are well and strongly timbered and laid 
 with double track. The trams are raised by wind- 
 ing engines fitted with wire ropes. 
 
 No. 1, — Has a pair of winding engines 15 inch cylin- 
 ders, with feed pumi> to boilers. 
 
 No. 2. — A pair of new engines 18 inch cylinders by 
 3 feet stroke. A spring supplies the boilers with water. 
 
10 
 
 No. 3. — A pair of new winding- engines, 22 inch 
 diameter cylinders with 3 feet stroke. 
 
 No. 4. — Single engine, 15 inch cylinder, 8 feet stroke. 
 
 In addition to the winding slopes there are foot and 
 horseways and the necessary air-shafts down to the 
 workings. 
 
 The drainage of the mine is well arranged, all the 
 workings are connected by cross headings, and the 
 whole of the underground water runs to a set of pumps 
 at the bottom of No. 3 slope. These pumps are two of 
 Allison's direct-acting steam pumps, 30 inch diame- 
 ter cylinders with 6 feet stroke and 15 inch diameter 
 plungers, and are supplied with steam from eight new 
 boilers which also work No. 3 winding engine. 
 
 The pumps in reserve at the east slope are, a direct 
 acting Blake pump, 28| inch cylinder by 30 inch 
 stroke, plunger 10 inches, with Gruthrie's <^ondenser 
 attached, and a Cameron direct acting pump, 22 inch 
 cylinder with 30 inch stroke, plunger 9 inches. 
 
 Each bank head is fitted with screens of three diffe- 
 rent meshes, classifying the coal in round, stove, nut 
 and slack. 
 
 The coal passes from these direct into the railway 
 wagons, the railway sidings leading under the screens. 
 
 Good arrangements are made for dumping the refuse 
 of the pits from considerable elevations. 
 
 The ventilation of the mine is good, the air beinsr 
 pure, and naked lights used ; ventilating shafts are pro- 
 vided, and a ventilating fan for fore ing air into the 
 workings has been recently fixed at slope No. 1. There 
 has never been a gas explosion in the mine, and it is 
 uncommonly free from gas. 
 
 The mine is substantially timbered. In working for- 
 ward, two to three feet of coal roof is left ; this is in 
 
 I- 
 
11 
 
 \l 
 
 most places so strong as to require no timbering, and 
 is taken down in working back. The floor below the 
 coal i.s usually an impure fireclay or shale. 
 
 The method adopted for mining the coal is by roads 
 or headings «ut transversely to the face of the coal 
 and rising on the slope, from which bords or endings 
 are cut to the end of the coal, lengthways of the gi-ain, 
 about 3")0 feet in length ; the headings and bords are 
 laid with tram rails, and the coal is worked out and 
 brought down the roads by self-acting trums worked by 
 counterbalance weights. The average number of tons 
 daily per cutter is four, and there are over 200 cutters 
 employed. 
 
 The coal is a good domestic and steam i^oal, of bright 
 appearance and clean fracture, it is banded but nearly 
 all pure coal from floor to roof, the partings being ex- 
 ceedingly thin. The following analysis by Dr. Percy, 
 F.K.S., is of the main seam. 
 
 Carbon V8.51 
 
 Hydrogen 5.19 
 
 Oxygen \ 
 
 Nitrogen \ ^-"^ 
 
 ?^ulphur 1.12 
 
 Ash 5.20 
 
 A full set of the analysis of the main or Black seam 
 No. 2 made by Edward Criipin, jr., is as follows : 
 
 ■UM POSITION. 
 
 Band 
 
 No. 1 
 
 .Moi.-ture 
 
 Vol. Coiuli. Mnt. -low L'oking. 
 
 l':l>t I'oUillg, . 
 
 Fi.xcd Cmi'Ijoii, slow (jol<iiig. 
 ' " fil.-t ookiiij;- 
 
 Ash 
 
 Sulphur 
 
 '.'1' 
 
 1.21 .30 .fiS .90, I 
 
 30.84 -32.22 33.8l!29. 19 28.90 34.56 33 
 
 I I ! ■ 
 
 34.75 30.12 37.35:32.66 33.84 35. .37 35 
 
 ti0.73i!O.9l 
 
 57.82 57.01 
 
 7.45 6.11 
 
 .85 .56 
 
 Spec Ki-avity 1 1.31 1.30 
 
 ! 
 
 lieEviip- I'ower, -low Lokiiig. . .! S.33| 8.41) 
 
 fiu^t ookiiiK, 
 
 7.95! 7.65 
 
 63.13!67.95 05.16 60.59 59 
 
 I 1 i 1 
 
 59.69 64.48 60.22 59.98 57, 
 
 1.85 
 
 .79 
 
 1.28 
 
 2.561 5.31 
 1.21 
 
 1.27 
 
 =1 
 
 3.951 5. 
 
 1.85; .891 1. 
 
 1.29| 1.28! 1. 
 
 8.65J 9.28J 8.92; 8.30^ 8. 
 
 8.20| 8.83, 8.30; 8. 20' 7. 
 
 34 
 64.30 
 64 33 
 86 60 
 
 16 8 
 
 4o| 2 
 
 29! 1, 
 
 20: 8 
 
 .56 .41 
 .27 28.24 
 30.47 
 -8963.63 
 
 28 61. 
 281 7.42 
 65 2.25 
 Saj 1.32 
 35I 8.99 
 751 8.54 
 
12 
 
 I do not know if analyses of the other two seams 
 worked have been made, but the coal from them is of 
 equal or even better quality. 
 
 The following is the analysis of the five-foot seam 
 underlying No. 1, taken from the outcrop, air dry speci- 
 men ; 
 
 Moisture 3.47 
 
 Vol. Comb: matter 26.98 
 
 Fixed carbon 64.48 
 
 Ash 5.0t 
 
 This coal is compact bright and clean with tonchoidal 
 fracture. 
 
 The output from the mines is the largest of any mine 
 in Nova Scotia, as will be seen from the following- 
 figures shewing the outi)ut for 1882 of the principal 
 coUeries : 
 
 PICTOU COUNTY. 
 
 Acadia colliery 105,569 tons. 
 
 Albion " " 141,090 " 
 
 Intercolonial colliery 150,486 " 
 
 CAPE BRETON COUNTY. 
 
 Intercolonial 109,28r) tons. 
 
 Sydney mines 156.758 " 
 
 CUMBERLAND COUNTY. 
 
 Spring Hill 201,884 tons. 
 
 For the first half of 1883 the output was 104,280 
 tons, equal to 700 tons per diem, no coal is at present 
 raised from No. 3, exc^ept what is cut in opening out the 
 new workings. When the four mention(»d slopes are 
 completed and in working order, the daily output should 
 
•d 
 
 18 
 
 be at least 2000 tons daily, or say 500,000 tons per 
 iinnum, and this result could be reached in twelve 
 months from date. The amount of coal raised from 
 ea<'h slope will depend on the number of men employed 
 below ground I have no doubt that 500 tons daily 
 could be brought up by each. 
 
 PI^NT AND BITILDINGS. 
 
 In addition to the land and mines the Company 
 own plant of every description, oliices, workshops, i.e., 
 boiler, fitting, smiths, carpenters, cVc, dwelling houses 
 for managers, clerks, &c., 01 tenement rented to work- 
 men, and on the building lots sold by the Company 
 stands the little town of Spring Hill containing lour 
 churches, schools, two hotels, stores and dwelling 
 houses, and with a population numbering over 2,000, 
 all dependent on the prosperity of the mines. Numer- 
 ous uew^ houses are being built, I was informed that they 
 belonged to miners who have puichased building lots 
 from the Company. 
 
 It will be a great advantage to have men of this class 
 settled in the place, as their labor can be depended on. 
 
 The land is covered, except such parts already cleared, 
 with good timber, lit for building and pit-wood. A 
 good sandstone is quarried and used for masonry. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OK SPIMN(} HILL AND PARK.SIiORO RAILWAY. 
 
 The Spring Hill and Parrsboro Kail way is 32 miles in 
 length. It runs from Spring Hill Junction on the Inter- 
 colonial Eailway through the Spring Hill mines, distant 
 5 miles from th<' Junction, to Parrsboro. Thtnv arc 
 stations at Sprino- Hilf AVest Brook, Maccan, Southamp- 
 ton, Half Way Lake, and Parrsboro. The line is solidly 
 built with stone abutments to bridges, and six watering 
 stations. It is laid throughout with new steel rails. 
 
14 
 
 and sleopors. Tho road is mnvly fenced. About hall' 
 ihe road has been lately n^ballasted and the remainder 
 is being' done, Th.' g-rades are lavorable to the load. 
 Four way sidings are laid down at the .Tunetion lor 
 exchange of full and empty trucks, and marshalling. 
 The main Irack runs up to the passenger platform of 
 the Intercolonial raihvay. A Fairbain's weigh-bridge, 
 and narrow guage trucks, and a tipjnng stage, for sup- 
 ply of coals to the Intercolonial railway locomotives 
 are provided, telegraph posts and wires are lixed. 
 
 ROLLING STOCK. 
 
 The rolling stock belonging to the Railway consists 
 of: 
 
 4 locomotives. 
 80 hopper coal wagons (capacity, 6 tons). 
 25 Hats or timber wagons. 
 10 gondolas. 
 
 2 passenger cars. 
 
 2 box cars. 
 
 PARRSBORO'. 
 
 Parrsboro" is the nearest of the Nova >;cotia coal ports 
 to the United States. It is situated on a natural har- 
 bour open all the year round except in winters of unusual 
 severity, when it may be closed for a few weeks. Its 
 trade consists principally of lumber and coal. Plans 
 have b(M'n prepared for the constrU('tion of new wharfs 
 and coal shipping stages, and the works will be com- 
 menced this coming spring, and a line of vessels estab- 
 lished to carry coal to the New England ports. 
 
 COST OF PRODUCTION OF COAL. 
 
 The Company's books shew the average cost of pro- 
 duction to be $1.05 per ton ; when the extensions and 
 
16 
 
 improv.^moiits now in i^roo-nvss aiv .oinplet^^d, I ani 
 piv]iarecl to accept Ihc inananini.- dii-.-ctor's ass'urainv 
 that this will bo ivdiKed to #1, and io take this lin-u,v 
 as a basis tor calculation. ^ 
 
 SELLING PRICE. 
 
 Now^ one ton of .>oal scivened -ives the Ibllowino- 
 result: ;i round coal and ), screonino-s; a royalty d' 
 ten cents per ton is payable on the round coal the 
 .screenings are iree. The ^ screening-s consist of stov,-, 
 nut and slack in about equal proportions. The prices 
 obtainable for these three being, for stove, #1.50 per 
 ton ; for nut and slack together, 75 cents. The average 
 selling price for round coal is $2.50 per ton. 
 
 Taking then nine tons and the cost of production of 
 same, $9. the selling value would be : 
 
 6 tons round coal at ^2 50 
 
 1 " «iove " 1 50 
 
 2 •' nut and slack coal at 75 
 
 $ 15 00 
 1 50 
 1 50 
 
 Total. 
 
 418 00 
 
 or !5;2 per Ion, leaving a balance of $1 profit. 
 
 DEMAND FOR AxVD SALK OF COAL. 
 
 At iirst there was little market for the small coal 
 l)ut the demand is steadily growin- for house purposes' 
 smithies, sugar and cotton factories, rolling mills, gas 
 works, cS:c., at Moiicton, St. John and elsmvhere. Uiider 
 present rates at these prices. Spring Hill ,oal could ])e 
 sold for as under, railway shipment : 
 
 Kimiid. 
 
 Moiitroiil s^4 liii 
 
 Quebec 4 Ki 
 
 Hiilifiix 3 ()0 
 
 St. John 3 30 
 
 
 small 
 
 
 Rai 
 
 iwiiy Tiite 
 
 Move. 
 
 iMixed. 
 
 Miles-. 
 
 
 lilT tun. 
 
 .S3 Hit 
 
 s.'i 24 
 
 722 
 
 
 S2 411 
 
 :! Ill 
 
 2 44 
 
 5f4 
 
 
 1 fill 
 
 2 m 
 
 I 2.-. 
 
 122 
 
 
 II 50 
 
 2 m 
 
 1 5.-> 
 
 154 
 
 
 8(1 
 
 Mount Afifson 
 
 Mamorid) 
 
 Lihrary 
 
I' 
 
 16 
 
 INTERnOLONIAL RAIIAVAY. 
 
 Ill 1«82 (hr couipjuiy supplied tho rntoivolonial 
 Railway with !>8.000 tons ol'.oal and have .•o)itrart,.d 
 io supply (h.. railway for 1883 and Iwo Ibllowing- years 
 with 100,000 tons yearly. 
 
 The Jufercolouial engiiu-evs preier this coal to any 
 other as it raises steam quickly and does not clinker. 
 
 DTTTY ON FOREIGN COAIi. 
 
 Anthracite coal imported into Canada pays a duly ol" 
 r)0 cents per ton. Bituminous coal pays (JO cents pw 
 ton. 
 
 DUTY TO UNITED STATES. 
 
 Canadian -oal imported into the United States jiays 
 •7^") cents per ton on round coal and 80 cents per ton on 
 screeiiinos, ),ut sin,,. th(^ 1st July this is so lar moditied 
 that Canadian coal can be imported into the United 
 Stales in bond lor supplyino- shippino-. A liill is now 
 before (\)no-ress to abolish the import duties on coal 
 into the United vStates. 
 
 MARKET FOI! CoAIi. 
 
 Without o-oinu- as lar as Quebe.- or Montrt.al 1 am of 
 opinion that the natural market for the coal is to be 
 Icund with the railways of Nova Scotia, the ports of the 
 Bay of P\indy, and with the New England ports. 
 
 SHIPMENTS HY SEA TO UNITED STATES. 
 
 T am informed that there will be no diffi.ulty in char- 
 tering- vessels suitable for the coal trade, and this it is 
 intended to do and the .oal shipped to St. John and 
 Portland, Portsmouth and Boston, U.S. Freight from 
 Parrsboro' to these Ameriean ports will not exceed $1.25 
 to #1.50 per ton as against #3.25 to $4.00 from American 
 
 I, 
 
I, 
 
 11 
 
 sources of supply, whi.h Ihorolbic could not bo laid 
 down lor less ihitii ^-i.^r, <o !$;"). 00 per ion, while Spring' 
 Hill coal could be delivered r/a Parrsboro". includinii' 
 duly. 
 
 Round coal 4. (Jo 
 
 Stove " 2.0") 
 
 Nut and slack coal 2.20 
 
 and not ting the prolits .shewn on payv |.V 
 
 GeogM-aphically Parrsboro" is nearer to these ports than 
 either ri.tou or Sydn.'y. which have also the di.sadvan- 
 tag-e ol beinn- c1os(m1 by ice durino- the winter months. 
 
 KOlIEKIiV I.Ml'OllTS. 
 
 In spite of the duties loviod, the import « ol' Ibreig-n 
 coal into Canada in 1S81 were : 
 
 Anthracite r);")(),0()0 Ions. 
 
 Bituminous (500.000 " 
 
 1,150,000 
 And the total Nova Seotia output was 1,2")0.000 tons. 
 The supply is therolbro not equal to the demand. 
 
 THE CU.AinERIiAxXD rO.\L AND HAirAVAY COMl'ANY. 
 Up to last year the Spring- Jlill Mining Company and 
 the ^Jpring Hill and Parrsboro' Railway Company were 
 perfectly distinct and separate undertaking's. The 
 Mining- Com[>auy owned lh(^ railw^ay from the mines to 
 the junction, and the K'ailway Company that from th(» 
 mines to Parrsboro' with running- powers to the junc- 
 tion. The relations between the two companies w^ere 
 not harmonious, and in consequence of this and the 
 inadequate wharfage accommodation, but a snudl per- 
 c(Mitag-o of coal was shipped c/a Parrsboro". The earn- 
 ings of the railway averaged from all sources — passen- 
 gers, goods, building materials, lumber and coal— about 
 12,000 monthly. 
 
piwas" 
 
 18 
 
 Thosn two nndortakiiins huxo, iv( vnl ly Ixmmi purchased 
 by a company lonricd lor liial purpose, known as the 
 ('umhcrlaiid Coal ajid l^aiiway Company, Limited, hav- 
 ini-- a share capital of s;2,0(IO.()(M). The lollowiny are the 
 m'entlenien who lorm the directorate : 
 
 Presif/t-Nf. 
 
 .ToimMoD()TJ(r\r-L, Vice-President North Shore Railway, 
 
 Caledonia Iron Works, etc, Montreal. 
 
 Vice- President. 
 
 RoHEliT Cowans, Montreal Car Wheel Works, Montreal. 
 
 Directors. 
 C. V. CoT.HY, M.P., Stanstead, Quebec. 
 Gko. O. Duummoni), Director Bank ol" Montreal, Presi- 
 dent Canada Sugar Iveiinery, etc. 
 Hon. Alk.\. Ma(!faul.vnk, Senator, WaHace, NovaSfotia. 
 L. A. Sk.vecal, Presid.'iit KMchelieu & Ontario Navi-'a- 
 tion (V)mi)an3% President North Shore IJailway, etc., 
 Montreal. 
 James (^rossen, Proprietor Cobourg- Car Works, Ojitario. 
 
 3T(( //aging' Director. 
 M. J. Leckie, Minino- Jilngineer, Sherbrooke, P.Q. 
 
 Secretary. 
 J. P. Cowans. Montreal. 
 The manag-emont of the two undertakings will con- 
 tinu«3 to be kept distinct under the (.'ontrolot' the Man- 
 aging Director ; that of tht> mines will cease to do any 
 shipping which will ir luture be entirely the depart- 
 ment of the railway. The Managing Director estimates 
 an output of 400,000 tons during the (^urreiit year, that 
 of this 250,000 tons will be shipped tun the junction, 
 and 1 ')0,000 via Parrsboro'. The coal sent ])y the former 
 route is loaded into Intercolonial wagons at the mines ; 
 live cents per ton will be the freight to the junction^ 
 and the working expenses should not exceed 30 per 
 
 % 
 
10 
 
 <eiit., thus irivinq: a pmfil of sjjiS.ToO. Tho civrriae-.' of 
 coal lo raiTsbovo' is 40 cents per ton in the company's 
 wagons, .an (I tho working- expenses will average ahont 
 AO per cent., giving- >i;;;JO,()()0 profit, or a total net proht 
 derived from shipment ol' coal of $3H.Y")<) ; and add, 
 from other sources, >|;;i>0,0()(). the net earning- of the rail- 
 way woiild amount to s^os,?')!) for the current year. 
 
 CONCLT'SION. 
 
 Having- flt«\scril)ed this considerahh* uiulertakino- as 
 brielly (( onsidering the numerous (|uestion it embraces) 
 as I have been able, T can add that the future of the 
 Company promises well. The difficulties incidi^ut to 
 the establishment of new industry in a new country 
 have been overcome and w^ays of comnuuiication opened 
 up for the (-arriag-e of product' from, aiul access to the 
 mines. The fact that the Compauy owns the monopoly 
 of railway communication by the shortest possible route 
 with I'arrsboro' the only port within miles on either 
 side must he a certain source of revenue; for however 
 many colleries nuiy hereafter })e established in their 
 vicinity or under hnise on their lands, all must shij) l)y 
 this route. Parrsboro' offers conveniences for the estab- 
 lishment of factories, and, no doubt, in time these will 
 be built. The colliery will compare favourably with 
 any in the old country. The workings are well tim- 
 bered and ventilated, and the system of uiulerground 
 drainau-e well <-onsidered. 
 
 LIONEL IL SIIIRLEY, 
 
 Mini. /iixl. c.K 
 
 Montreal, January Xth, ISSf. 
 To C. R. HosMEii, Esq., 
 
 I'l-i^iiJ, lit ('iiiiiidii .\f III till/ 'J'./iijrniili (^iiiijiiii