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Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre film6s 6 des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seui ciichd, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche 6 droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. rata elure, 6 3 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 / / HIS EXCELLENCY, TUK KARL OK ABERDEEN. GOVERNOR GENERAL OK CANADA. t y t i I i CANADA AND HER COMMERCE, FROM THE TIME OF THE FIRST SETTLER TO THAT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE MEN OF TO-DAY, WHO HAVE SHAPED THE DESTINY OF OUR COUNTRY; EOITEO EiY JAiVIES HEDLEY, MANAGING EDITOR "THE MONETARY TIMES." AND THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association COMPILED BY H W. WAOSW^ORTH, SELRKTARY DOMINION fOMMERflAI, TRAVELLERS' ASSOCIATION. Es/)i'cia/(v published in behalf of the above Association. rihi^trc'ited witli Driyjii xf;il etolie 1 1 •( )rtrcaitss lxwiI \'it IVIONTREAU. SABISTON MTHIJ. .!t I'UtJ. CO. 1894. Hfszss 348592 •J M^ •». k ft CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. BY JAMES HKDLEY. Thk early history of Canadian commerce is larg-ely a history of fish and furs. Whatever impelled the discoverers of the American continent in their long- sea journeys, whether love of adventure, hope of fame, or desire of the riches of unknown lands, the fact remains that for the first hundred and fifty years after it became known to Europeans, the story of what is now Canada is a story of bear skins, beaver skins and codfish. Even before Cabot and Cortereal, Denys and Aubert, Cartier and Roberval, we are told the Basques and Bretons fished off the coast of Newfou ^land, and from the middle of the sixteenth cen- tury onward the cod " must still be had in France for the use of the faithful in Lent and on fast days." The Basques traded in furs, too, but they were super- seded and despoiled by Champlain and Des Monts, the latter of whom made settlement on the shores of the Bay of Fundy, being appointed feudal lord of half a continent in 1605, in virtue of two syllables scrawled on parchment by the rugged hand of Henri IV. Tadoussac, Port Royal, Quebec, Three Rivers and Montreal, were the earlv' headquarters of the trade until Champlain had penetrated, in 1615, to the Lake of the Nipissings and to the great Mer Douce, the fr>- h water sea of the Huron Indians. For years thereafter the Huron traders freighted their birch boats with furs for an annual trip to Montreal or Quebec. Concessions from the king or his ministers were the great things in those days for laying the foundation of a family fortune. In 1620 the monopoly of trade granted to the Caens and their partners, paid an annual dividend of 40 per cent. They had 150 men employed on their ships and 40 more on land, and in a single year they took from Canada to France 22,000 beaver skins, though the usual num- ber did not exceed 12,000 or 15,000. A little later, (1627) Richelieu, who was Superintendent of Commerce and Navigation in France, annulled the privileges of the Caens and formed a company of 100 associates, to be called the Company of New France. A perpetual monopoly of the fur trade was granted them, with a monopoly of all other commerce for fifteen years. Their territory was ^S^^^I^^^F^B^ CANADA AND HER fOMMKRCE. I i i the whole of New France, from Florida to the Arctic circle, and from New- foundland to the waters of the St. Lawrence. Ample room and verg-e enough, one would think, for any man's conimerciai" ambition. But F'rance had not reckoned with the Knirlish power, which presently, in the persons of the Kirkes, captured both Quebec and Port Royal, which were only restored to France upon her paying to King Charles 800,000 crowns. In 1633 Champlain resumed f command at Quebec on behalf of the company, but two years afterward this romantic explorer was no more. The experiment of paternal government as carried on by the F'rench mon- archs was not successful, even though administered by such men as Colbert and such intendants as Talon. The last named was, however, to give him his due, an indefatigable worker, and set on foot explorations for minerals as well as features of domestic industry that left their mark on the country. He established tanning and hemp cultivation, and fostered a trade in timber, fish and seal oil. This, of course, was mostly in what is now the Province of Quebec. In order to circumvent the English- who, operating from New York, were pushing their trade northward through the Iroquois Indians- he sent expeditions to reach the ,^* Hudson Bay by land, and to find a way across the continent to the Pacific. At the same time a French trading fort was built (1672) at Kingston. An Eng- lish company, however, was formed to operate on Hudson's Bay in virtue of the English discovery of that bay. Under the broad-minded administration of the Count de Frontenac as Governor of New France, and by theenterpriseof La Salle and other seventeenth century explorers, the French trading posts were steadily extended to the farthest of the Great Lakes. It was sought to confine the trade in beaver skins and peltries to the French posts and the St. Lawrence route. But in vain, for the English were everywhere encroaching, and their Indian allies, the Iroquois, were inveterate enemies of the French and the friends of the French, the Huron tribe. It was a fierce, almost continuous fight for the traffic. Those were the days ot the courcurs des dot's, or "wood-runners," a class of cunnings factors who were secretly in league with certain officials against the agents of the king. So long as the little colony was in tutelage and so long as war was the usual condition, no great social or commercial growth was to be looked for, and so we find, for the greater part of a century, development was feeble and numeri- < cal growth slow. 1 i CANADA AND HER COMMKRCK. At last, by the victory of Wolfe at Quebec, the French dominion in Canada came practically to an end, and the I{n_i»-lish rule began. At this time, 1763, the population of Canada was probably So,ooo, of whom nearly one-tenth were Indians. In the next few decades their numbers were swelled by some 10,000 ?^ United Empire loyalists, who preferred British rule in Canada to remaining in I the United States and becoming American subjects. Invaluable pioneers and I colonists they have proved, the impress of their character and sturdy loyalty i being- felt throughout upper Canada to this day. With the beginning of the present century came extensions of postal com- munication, improvement of navigation on the St. Lawrence, growth of ship- ping and commerce. The war of 1S12 with the Americans and the rebellion of 1837 against oligarchical rule, served but to strengthen the resolution and enterprise of the Canadians, and a union of the provinces of Lower and Upper Canada was brought about in 1840. Mean\\hile, highways and public works were pushed forward. The Lachine and Chambly canals in the lower province, '^53 7i 995. 359 5.503.057 '^54 10,132,331 5,312,327 '^55 9,021,542 6,230,861 •^56 10,941,785 7,294,524 Canada's total export of wheat, which in the year 1838 was only 296,000, had risen in 1851 to 5,496,000 bushels, while the yearly wheat export of the United States at that time did not much exceed 12,000,000 bushels. Forty years ago the trade of Canada, Upper and Lower, with the United States reached the remarkable total of $38,372,000 ; namely in 1854-5. Imports into Canada of U. S. products . . $15,195,000 •' Koreign products . . 5,688,000 >:> it $20,883,000 Exports from Canada to U. S. . . . $17,488,000 Total trade $^8^ ^^2,000 The growth of Canada in population during the earlier part of the present century was extremely rapid, surpassing the ratio of the United States, which, howev,-. , has in the latter half distanced Canada. Between the years 1800 and 1850 the white population of the States increased four hundred per cent.; while in the forty years between 181 1 and 1851, Canada's population 5 4 i CANADA ANP MKK COMMKRCJ;. ) I \ SIR lOIIN S. 1) TIIOMI'SON, K. C. M. C. \ 8 CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. I increased from 77,000 10952,000, an increase of eleven hundred percent. Tak- ing Upper and Lower Canada at census periods ten years apart, we find the population to have },''ro\vn sixty-two per cent, in ten years : 1 84 1 . 1851. Lower Canada ..... 690,432 890,261 Upper Canada .... 465' 357 952,004 I, '55.7^9 1,842,265 Our lari^'^est items of import were at that time wheat, flour and corn ; heef, pork and hacon ; tallow and hides, tobacco and snuff, shoes and leather, iron and cotton manufactures, coal, salt, furniture and whiskey. At this time the trade of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick with the United States was consider- able. It amounted in 1854-55 to $1 1,997,000, but in their case onl)- $3,000,000 was outward and the remainder imports. The total imports of Canada in 1856 were $44,000,000. Montreal ijrew from 9,000 inhabitants in the first year of the century to 22,000 in 1825, and to 57,000 in 1851, and in five years up to 1856 added 18,000 to its population. Toronto, Kingston, Hamilton, London, all grew in like ratio. In 1850 a free banking law was enacted and next year a uniform rate of postage adopted. Shortly afterwards a Canadian line of ocean steamers was established and the Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways built. The decimal system of currency was adopted in 1858, superseding the tedious pounds, shillings and pence. In spite of a severe commercial crisis which set in in 1857 and lasted for some years, the country continued to make progress. Trade activity was assisted by the civil war in the United States, and the negotiation of a treaty of reciprocity with that country in a large number of articles, which endured for six years, gave a great stimulus to our commerce. Confederation of the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, was brought about in 1867, and its result has been a marked expansion of intercolonial trade. Situated as she is on the Great Lakes of America and the St. Lawrence river, the inland water-borne traffic of Canada is great. There were on the Great Lakes in the year 1856 no less than 242 steam craft of 117,400 tons burden, — a majority of them screw propellers — and 1,014 sail craft with an aggregate tonnage of 122,300. The value of all this 240,000 tons being placed 1 ' i l.WAIVN Wn IIF.K (.OMMKKfK. at $1,}, 000,000, or say $54 per ton. The proportion of all these craft owned by Canadians was one-sixth, namely fort\ thousand tons, represented by 43 side- wheel steamers, 12 propellers and 172 schooners and barques. The develop- ment of the steam and sail tonna^j^e of the Great Lakes has been something phenomenal. As the producing capacity of the States of the American Union west of Chicaj^ai grew by leaps and bounds within the last two or three decades, the construction of railways and the buildinj,"- of floatinj^ craft more than kept pace with it. And it must be admitted that althoui,'-h the Canadian Government spent money freely in the improvement of the St. Lawrence route to the ocean, b}' enlarging the canals and enhancing the safet}' of navigation, it has not been possible to preserve the proportion which Canada formerly had of the tonnage of the Lakes. The tonnage figures of the Lake trade in the last quarter century have ^oui^ so far beyond the modest bounds of former years' statistics that they amaze one. To grasp them, or to understand the variety and extent of the commerce of the Great Lakes of North America, one must view sections of it as concentrated at say the St. Mary canal, the Straits of Mackinaw, or better still, the Detroit River, that wonderful strait between Lakes Huron and Krie. An American officer of engineers described it in a way at once graphic and suggestive when he said, that a steamer or a sailing vessel passed through that river every four minutes, night and day, during the navigable season o'' 1S91, This was his way of announcing that twenty-two millions of tons of freight was carried up and down that river — coal and merchandise upward ; g'"ain, ore and lumber down -during seven months of that year. The total American tonnag-e of the Great Lakes, steam and sail, was about a million and a quarter tons in 1S91. The Canadian makes a g-ood merchant. He may not be so ' cute at a trade, or so ready to swap anything- and everything as the jack-knife-bearing strangers and much-conjecturing mortals that the American poet describes his countrymen to be. But he has at least some of the qualifications of a iner- chant. Indeed, he oftentimes possesses more knowledge of his business than room to display it, for in Canada store-keepers and traders are too numerous tor the extent of business to be done. And in the States, too, the commercial class is over-numerous, only there they do not get the easy-going credit and long terms that are so rife with us. There are vastly greater openings to a Canadian merchant's ambition now lO CANADA AND HER COMMKRCK. than there were thirty or even ten years ago. Not only may the Halifax or Quebec ship-owner send abroad flour, or fish, or timber in his own sailing- vessels, making, perhaps, two distant trips a year, and bringing back from the West Indies sugar, and fruit and spice. Railways now reach the heart of the Dominion around the great lakes, and organs from Guelph, agricultural imple- ments from Brantford and Toronto, sashes and doors from Ottawa or Montreal, now form cargoes to the Mediterranean and Brazil, bringing return cargoes of fruit and wool, coffee and hides. Wider horizon still is open to our merchants since the completion of the national railway to the Pacific coast. Steamships now take our products to Japan and China from Vancouver, and bring back teas and siiks and rice. And stately clippers laden with coal, or timber, or sal- mon, find their way to San Francisco, Valparaiso. Cape Town or Sydney. The characteristics of different parts of the enormous territory of Canada are as various and as curious as those of widely separated parts of the United States. There is as much difference, for example, between the busy, progressive, opulent districts of Ontario, as it fronts upon four of the Great Lakes, and the remote portions of Quebec or Saskatchewan, as there is between the refinement and luxury of the Eastern States of the Union and the happy- go-lucky cowboy or mining life of Montana or Dakota. The No\'a Scotian, who, for a century has been a sea-carrier, finds his account in supplying fish or coal to distant continents, or in shipping coal westward to Montreal ; the New Brunswicker sends his timber in ships of his own building, to the Mediterranean or to Australia ; Quebec finds markets for her own produce and that of Ontario despatched from her great sea-ports to European and South American coun- tries ; British Columbia sends her giant limber all over the world, her salmon to Europe and her coal to Peru as well as San Francisco. The great Province of Ontario, which furnished much of the $54,000,000 worth of merchandise exported last year from Quebec ports, sends millions worth of cattle, dead meats, field products, to the United Kingdom and the British Empire, while in her nearest neighbor, the United States, she finds yearly a customer for twenty odd millions worth of lumber, of manufactures, and produce of the mine, the fisheries and the field. The maritime expansion of modern Canada, with shores upon two oceans and with a railway between, offers opportunity for trade with Pacific as well as Atlantic countries. And we have arisen to our opportunities. The Canadian i , i f CANADA AND HKR CO.MMKRCE. ■^■... ^ jt Ti Hw i tii r ii. - ai r i i i rTi II r- •1 1 .1 HON. WILKRIiD LAURIEK. Ji 12 CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. Pacific Railway has a line of steamers from Vancouver to Japan and China ; the Government of Canada offers a subsidy to an Atlantic line of steamships faster than those that have served us for forty years. And their provision is but a matter of time. The merchants and forwarders and public men of the Dominion are made of the same stuff that have carried the British name and the British flag to the remote parts of the earth. And what has already been accomplished in lighting, dredging, buoying the St. Lawrence, in building, at a cost of $60,- 000,000, canals to perfect her 2,300 miles of inland navigation, in constructing telegraph and telephone lines throughout the vast extent of the country, and in building 15,000 miles of railway, is an indication of what Canada is likely to do in the future to maintain her position as one of the most progressive nations on the globe. The intercolonial trade of Canada, it must be confessed, has not attained the dimensions that have been expected and predicted upon the opening of the Intercolonial Railway. Distances of 1,000 or 1,200 miles are not easily over- come by even the disposition of Canadian provinces to trade with one another. And the efforts made to ship the flour of Ontario to Pictou or Halifax, in Canadian bottoms, which should bring back Sydney coal or salt-water fish, have not been found paying ventures. The natural market of the Maritime Provinces is the Eastern States of the American Union. But the fiscal policies of the two countries have been unhappily framed not to encourage such com- merce, but the contrary. Heavy customs duties either way have served to stifle the natural trend of trade ; and the hoped for intimacy of intercourse sought to be compelled by Confederation, has not resulted as the framers of that scheme hoped. Still there has been an extension of trade between far-distant provinces that must hi.ve seemed hopeless as long ago as 1867, the Confederation year. Manufacturers in Montreal and wholesale merchants in Toronto, have so per- sistently canvassed the Maritime Province storekeepers as to command a fair share of trade previously done with Great Britain ; while Halifax and St. John, Truro, New Glasgow and Moncton, find it worth while to exhibit their wares year by year at the Montreal and Toronto exhibitions, and find customers as far west as London in Ontario. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1854 between the United States and Canada gave a great impetus to trade between the two countries, and during the twelve years from that year forward to 1866, an intimacy of communication and I CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. '3 exchange of natural products was established that was beneficial to both coun- tries in more ways than one. Unhappily the treaty was abrogated, very largely, if not entirely, through misapprehension and pique arising at the time of the American civil war. Still, in spite of various barriers imposed by the authorities at Washington and Ottawa respectively, we have gone on trading with our American neighbors to the extent of from sixty millions to a hundred millions every year for the last thirty years. In the very teeth of a hostile McKinley tariff and with customs' duties of our own only less than theirs, our purchases from the United States and our sales to her during 1892-93 were the largest in the history of Canada. " But what can you possibly sell to the Americans to the extent of thirty or forty millions of dollars a year?" was the surprised query of a British visitor to whom the fact was communicated. Well, he was informed, in the first place, timber and lumber. "Ah, yes, of course," he replied, " but what else? since you cannot expect to sell them grains, or animals or things of that sort, and assuredly you cannot sell them manufactured goods." Yet to the amazement of the stranger we do sell our Yankee cousins nearly $4,000,000 worth of manufactured goods a year ; of coal, $3,000,000 worth ; asbestos, copper, nickel, gypsum, mica, phosphate, gold and other mineral products, to the extent of nearly $2,000,000 in the year 1S93. With such figures as these to indicate our trade relations with the great Republic, it ought not to occasion surprise that there are many persons especially in Ontario, which sends the bulk of the exports who are enthusiastic in tavor of freer trade relations with the Americans. And this feeling of com- mercial friendliness was doubtless what lent an evanescent popularity to the scheme of commercial union, that ill-starred scheme whose promoters left out of their sanguine reckoning the potent feeling of loyalty to the Dominion and to Britain which animates Canadians. When it became apparent that to achieve commercial union, we should have to submit to seeing the tariff between these neighboring countries made at Washington, in the interest of the stronger nation, the country which would have been the weaker party to the scheme would have none of it. It would be futile to pretend that Canadians are indifferent to reciprocity with the Americans. This country has made repeated offers to its big neighbor, having that object in view. But our approaches being met with indifference or 14 CANADA AND HER COMMKRCE. contumely, we had pride enough and self-reliance enough to insist that we could get along without the much-desired arrangement. To paraphrase old Sam Johnson : "We had done all that we could; and no man is well pleased to have his all neglected, be it ever so little." The Eastern States, the lake States in the Northwest, that portion of the Union, in short, which has had most to do with Canada and understands her feelings and aspirations, are friendly enough. But to the Washington politician, whether Democrat or Republican, to the American Jingo, to the fire-eating Annexationist, Canada is an impossible quantity. The Eastern States of the Onion are no strangers to the products of our fisheries. They consume our lobsters, mackerel, herring and cod to the extent of three million dollars a year, and besides we sell the Americans our salmon, fish oils and other products of the sea. Four millions represent the value of our field produce which we ship to the great nation at the south of us, and we derive an equal sum from animals- largely horses :'nd sheep and their pro- ducts, such as egi>s, wool, furs, hides. Total exports of our different provinces were in 1H93 : KXPORTS TO LNITKD STATES. From Ontario ....... Quebec ....... Nova Scotia ...... New Brunswick ..... Manitoba ....... British Columbia ..... P. E. Island N. W. Territories ..... Total $18,589,000 4,986,000 . 3,015,000 2,663,000 665,000 3,149,000 666,000 81,000 $33,814,000 While her forests, fisheries and mineral fields are of enormous value, the latter being, with the exception of coal, but slightly developed, the chief industry of Canada is that of agriculture. By the census of 1891 she had 28,500,000 acres of improved lands, of which almost twenty millions were under crop, namely about 3,000,000 acres wheat, 4,000,000 acres oats, 1,500,000 pease and rye, 500,000 Indian corn, 500,000 buckwheat and beans, 460,000 potatoes; 800,000 barley, a great decrease from previous years — 6,200,000 hay, etc. Cattle export from Canada to the United Kingdom, which may be said to CANADA \M> HKR COMMKRCK. '5 SIR DONALD A. SMITH, K. C. M. C. 5^ i6 CANADA AND HER C0MMP:RCE. have bes^uii some fifteen years ag-o, has ^rowii to be an extensive and import- ant trade, thoui,»"h of late beg'inning' to decline because of excessive competition and restrictive reg"ulations in Britain. Where, in 1874, the export of cattle averaiifed 30,000 head, mostly to the United States, it had run up in 1884 to 89,000 head and in 1893 to 117,000 head, of the value of $7,745,000. An idea of the extent of our trade in horses, cattle and sheep is afforded in the fact that during- the last twenty years since 1873, their export value has a^''g"ret,''ated $141,000,000. The cheese industry has p'-oved of i^^reat value to Canada during the last quarter of a century. Previous to 1876 our dairy products had no particular claim to excellence ; butter and cheese were made in farmers' dairies, and sold to shop-keepers largely for " store-pay. " Much of it was of mediocre quality in the first place, and but little pains was taken by the exporter in packing' and shippinii". Mixture of half a dozen kinds and colors of butter in the same package was common, and the old but dishonest motto, "put the best on the outside, " was often acted upon. Such methods could not expect and did not achieve popularity for Canadian butter in foreign markets. So our butler export gradually fell off, until from 17,000,000 or 18,000,000 pounds a )ear, bringing $3,000,000 or .$3,500,000, in 1880 or 1881, it declined to less than 2,000,000 pounds in 1890. From that lowest point, however, it has shown a gratifjing improvement year by year, the export of 1893 having been 7,036,000 pounds, yielding $1,296,000, the improved quality bringing, besides, better prices. This is, doubtless, because the creamery is a growing institution among us. The governments of Ontario, Quebec and the Dominion have been at pains to stimulate the establishment of butter factories, and the result promises in time to be as successful as the cheese-factory system has proved in making a distinguished name for Canadian butter as it has done for Canadian cheese. . Great Britain's foreign supply of cheese amounts to some hundreds of millions of pounds yearly ; of this total the United States and Canada furnish about three-fourths. There is this difference in the last five years, however : the United States share of cheese export to Great Britain fell off four per cent., while that of Canada increased thirteen per cent. The quantity and value of cheese sent from Canada to the United Kingdom has gone up from 73,600,000 pounds, yielding $7,108,000 in 1887,10 no less than 133,946,000 pounds, yield- ing $13,407,000 in the year 1893. And the good work goes bravely on. CAXAPA ANP HKR COMMKRCK. Dead meats are being shipped from Canada to Great Britain in increasing quantity, and eggs form a not inconsiderable item. Nor is the export of animals and their products to the United States trifling, reaching as it did last year, in spite of discouraging legislation by the Americans, to almosi four millions of dollars in value. Horses and sheep, hides, skins, furs, wool and eggs being the main items. The forest wealth of Canada is very g-reat. The area of forest per head of population is given at 130 acres, which is more than ten times that of either Sweden, Norway, Russia, or the U lited States. Hxport of our timber for such purposes as masts and spars began early in the occupation of the country by the French. The present century saw the beginning of the timber trade between Great Britain and Canada, when the Continental blockade of the Napoleonic era made the supply from the Baltic uncertain. From 125,000 tons in the year i.Sio and 308,000 tons in 1820, the wood trade of Canada with Britain has L'"one on till in 1850 it exceeded a million tons, and in 1S81 a million and a quarter tons. There has been a change in the later aspect of this business, for where square timber used to exceed the sawn in quantity shipped, the proportion of sawn now exceeds the hewn, very greatly. In 1892 the United Kingdom took from Canada 1,204,000 loads of sawn timber, while the quantity of hewn was only 194,000 loads. 'I'his change is a favorable one for our forests, because the squaring of timber involves great waste and the debris left in the forest increases the danger from hres. Tho census returns gave the forest products of Canada in 1891 a value of over J!>8o,ooo,ooo. The capital invested in the lumbering industry amounts to a still larger sum {$99,404,000). The saw mills alone employed in 1891 no less than 51,575 persons, whose wages were .$30,624,000. " Pine and spruce and other logs " form the largest item in forest products, namely 50,000,000 teet, board measure ; ten million feet is furnished by the Maritime Provinces, three million by British Columbia and the territories, thirteen million by Que- bec, and nearly all the remainder by Ontario. Great quantities of firewood, tence posts, railway ties, and telegraph posts are produced, our surplus of these going to the United States, mainly, likewise pulp-wood for paper making. It is to be remarked of pulp-wood as raw material for paper, that this has already become a great industry in various countries— Norway, for instance, whose pulp is used by other continental nations and by Great Britain for the manufacture 1 i8 CANADA ANn IIKR COMMKRCK. of paper. There are several pulp-niakin^»- establishments in Canada, e.j;'., at Niagara I-'alls, Ottawa and in the Province of Quebec. 'I'he abundance of the proper wood for the purpose possessed by this country ouglit to result in a hiv^c trade therein. Potash and pearlash are other "forest products" of a sort, but the niakini>- of these involves waste, and we are not sorr)- to see the exports decrease year by year. Pine saw logs of the value of $1,065,000 were taken from Canada by the United States last year. The census of [>q2, so tliat the ai,>-j,»'retj'ate done with the States had _t,»"one down to $92,000,000, while that dou\: with Britain advanced to $106,000,000. And tlie proportions of our iSg,^ trade with the two countries are similar. There is this dift'erence, however, between the trade o( Canada with the two ci>untries : our imports from l-Jritain are relativel)' small ; our exports thither lari>-e by reason of the j^-reat quantities of live and dead meats and dair\' produce we send the old countr)-. Our exports to the States are relatively not so lar^>'e, but our imports thence lari,»-er because of the quantities of coal and raw products tor our manufactures which we buN from the Americans cji^; wool, hides, cotton, tobacco, suj^i^ar, rubber. As between free j^»'oods and dutiable i,>-oods imported, b\- far the lars^-er proportion of the latter is obtained b\ us from the mother country, 'I'luis, in iSg,^, we bouj^ht : — KRKK GOOI^S. nUTIAIU.i;. $11,279,146 $31,869,267 b'rom Great Britain " United States 2916591926 28,562,050 Total, . . . $40,939,072 $60,431,317 An unmistakeable result of the fiscal policy undertaken b\' the Government of the United States in 1890 has been to stimulate our export trade with the United Kinj>'dom and indeed with the British Empire at lari>-e. Canadians look to the extension of trade with distant countries, now that needless barriers to her freedom of trade with her nearest neighbor and natural customer have been erected on both sides by an excessively protective system. It may be of service to show the nature of Canada's principal exports to foreij^n countries, as well as their respective proportions and the correspond in^i,>- imports. This will best be done b\' condensed tables for the fiscal year 1893, the latest obtainable : EXPORTS TO Great Britain ... $ 64,080,493 United States .... 43,923,010 Germany . . . . . 750,461 France ..... 264,047 'I IMPORTS FROM $ 43,148,413 58,221,976 31^25,763 2,832,1 17 ■^F~H»WI»i^lH9P^P»» 22 CANADA AND IIEK lOMMKRCK. Spain Portuj^-al . Italy . Switzerlaiul Norway ami Sweden Meltfiuni Hollaiul West Iiulies Newfoiuulland South America China ami Japan Australia Other Countries . Total, . KXi'ours TO $ 44^355 83,001 i.S2,oSS 069,040 282,569 ^.3^)4 1^.1.1 I v^ 26,74,-- .H'''4o 2SS,;,52 501,325 IMI'OKTS KKOM. $ .U3,5of5 52,4X1 1 70, 564 258,464 28,485 599.5" ' 37^«5« 4,244,669 653,270 772,6' 3 2,425,772 217,817 3,535,77 ' S I 1 8, 564, 352 $121, 705,050 Or it" percentat,>-es he preferred as a mode of exhihitin^ the proportions o\ Canadian trade, the result will be found below. They relate to 189;,. COtNTR ,. Great Britain United States . Nine European CountriLS West Indies Newfoundland China and Japan South America Other Countries I'KK (\:\V. KXI'OKTS KKOM (.ANAPA. 54-04 37-04 2.00 2.65 2. 10 I'KR CKNT. IMPORTS INTO l\NAr>\. 34-45 47.84 6.47 2.58 I. I 2 1.05 2.00 6.66 100.00 100.00 Thus, out of every dollar's worth of merchandise of our own i^rowth or manufacture that we send abroad, 54 cents worth j,''oes to Great Britain, 37 cents worth to the United States, and about 9 cents worth to all other countries. These, it must be confessed, are disappointing figures to those persons, and they are many, who would like to see Canada's circle o( trade customers extend and her foreign commerce grow. As to purchases, again, while we take IANAI>.\ Wn IIKR fOM.MKHlK a.1 y. A 24 CANADA AMI IIKR (.OMMKUlK. from Britain ,^4^!' •uul from the States 47^4 ^-'ents worth in each dollar, our purchases from other nations are 173/^ cents in the dollar nearl\' double our proportion o\' exports to these other nations. This is a circumstance of some promise for the future, because, where a nation persistently buys in distant foreii»"n markets tiiere are always strong incentives to replace the cash we pay for such j>-oods with cari>"oes of our own produce. Naturally, from the contii^uitv of the two countries and the facilities afforded by the St. Lawrence and the jjreat lakes, a lari>-e portion of the total trade of Canada has been with the United States. As lonS;>^ a,i^o as 1S21, when the present American " Great West " was a wilderness, we learn that the agq'reg'ate trade between the two countries was about two and a half millions, /.<'., $2,014,- 000 United States exports to Canada, and $414,000 Canadian exports to the United States for that year. But how i^reat the development of this trade has been is shown in the trade figures of 1893, namely: value of exports from United States to Canada, $58,221,976; value of imports into United States from Canada, $43,923,010 , the aggregate thus exceeding $102,000,000. The Senate of the United States had before it, this year, figures compiled from both American and Canadian official returns showint»- that in the seventv- three years, 1821 to 1893 inclusive, the aggreg'ate imports of the United States from Canada had amounted to $1,299,957,000, or $17,807,000 a year, while the exports of the United States to Canada during those years bad reached $1,467,- 159,000, which is equal to $20,009,000 a year. Our trade with France has been a disappointing one in extent. While for years we have been buying from that country from four to ten times as much as we have sold to her, the aggregate of our transactions with France has been only from two to two and a half millions a year; Quebec and the Maritime Provinces have shipped her wood and fish, Ontario potash and phosphate of lime. We buy lier brandy and her wines, her calfskins and kid gloves, her wool dress goods and her millinery silks. But in spite of the attempted stimulus of subsidized lines of steamers, and eloquent appeals for the 7'approilumcut that ties of race and language in the Province of Quebec ought, one would think, to bring about, immigrants do not come to us from France, and our trade with her does not grow. We have borrowed money from her lately, it is true, witness the Mercier loan of the Province of Quebec, and we have made a recent treat\' with her. What effect these will have, if anv, time must tell. CANADA AND HER tOMMERCK. 25 Germany has been a far better customer for our exports of late years, and our purchases from her have quadrupled since 1881. Ontario bou^trht $1,036,000 worth of German iroods last year, and Quebec $1,911,000 worth, our total im- port Aom Vaterland beinj^- $3,825,000 in value. Fur j^oods, cloaks, woollen yarns and cloths, cotton snoods, gloves, felt, silk goods, iron and steel manu- factures, toys and fancy goods, paper and glass, were our main items of import. And she took from us nickel and other mineral products, musical instruments, cattle, field implements, and a variety of grains and seeds. Dried apples, $r 10,000, was another item of her purchases. None of the other countries on the continent of luirope have extensive trade with us. Belgium and Holland show, perhaps, tlie most marked increase in their commercial relations with the Dominion of late years. Our con^Mierce with Spain and Portugal appears to be dwindling, while the figures of 'taly have, after years of decline, shown last year a return to the proportions . ! ten years ago. Canada is doing a greater trade with the West Indies, the effect of improved means of communication, of an alteration in the sugar duties, and the intro- duction of Canadian manufactured goods into the West Indian markets. It is a thing worthy of note that whereas in the year 1876 all but 8 '3 per cent., and in 1884 all but 1 1 j^ per cent, of our imports came from the mother country and the Great Republic, we, in Canada, had in 1892 increased our im- ports from other countries to 16 14 per cent., and last year still further. Our trade with the West Indies has been very considerable, mainly from the fact that for many years the sea ports of our Maritime Provinces have been despatch- ing thither fish, animal products and field produce, and bringing back Islands exports. And since Confederation, the trade has shown a disposition to grow, provided our tarifiF did not prove a hindrance to the import of their coffees, fruits or brown sugars. Within a year or two, Canadian manufactured goods, such as clothing, boots and shoes, carriages, furniture, have found a larger market there than ever before. Assistance given by government to regular steamers between Halifax, St. John and the Islands has made communication easy and regular, whereas in former years the trade was done by small sailing vessels. Our aggregate trade with these Islands is larger than with any other country save the United Kingdom and the United States. The export trade of Canada amounted in the fiscal year ended with June, 26 CANADA AND HER COMMERCK. 1893, to no less than $118,564,000, of which Canadian produce constituted $105,798,000 worth, the remainder being American g-rains, animals, coin or i>oods sent by the St. Lawrence route eastward to reach the ocean from Canadian sea ports. The nature of the total exports was as under : — Produce Proihice of the Mine. of tlic Fisheries. i I'roduce of the Forest. I'roclMce of the Field. Animals and their Produce. Manufactures. $5'625,526 $8,941,357 $27,632,791 $27,093,195 $32i775i^79 $8,487,271 To this as^i>'regate must be added about four millions in coin and bullion, besides miscellaneous articles and the amount of goods "estimated short re- turned at inland ports," to make the total of $1 18,564,000 given above. The destination of these exports of Canadian growth or product may be classified as under ; the amounts are given in dollars : Mine. Greit Britain. Fisheries. ("•rent Britain. Forest. Field. Animals, &c. Manfrs. Creat Britain. Great Britain Great Britain. Great Britain. $ 244,560 $2,347,076 $10,821,082 $15,443,211 I $27,052,050 '$2,454,009 Brilish ''ossessious. British Posses.sions. British Possessions British Possessions. I British I'ossessions. illrit. Possessions. 192,149 1,212,497 I'niled Stales. i United States. 4,756,280 ! 3,503,904 niher Cruntrifs. Other Countries. 136,901 1,679,573 632,913 United States. 131*^59.960 Other Countries. '.045,955 '.3^6,363 United States 4. '32, 105 other Conntries. 1,087,81 I 406,970 I 985.023 ITuited States. | Dnited States. 3.951.850 , 3.563.827 Other Countries. I Other Countries. 325,629 691,100 $5,329,890 $8,743,050 $26,359,910; 22,049,490 $31,736,499 $7,693,959 It should not be forgotten that Canada made a name for herself in former years as onii of the foremost countries of the world as a builder and owner of ships. Only three or four nations surpass the Canadians in extent of tonnage. At any time these last twenty years the aggregate tonnage of the Dominion has exceeded a million tons, and reached its maximum in 1879 or 1880, when the total was 1,332,000 tons, of which handsome figure Nova Scotia and New- Brunswick and Prince Edward Island contributed 940,000 tons, and Quebec 240,000. Wooden ship-building, however, has decayed since that time, and the total of the Dominion shipping is now only 912,000 tons ; the share of the Maritime Provinces being 573,000 and of Quebec 161,000. British Columbia, CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. 27 WARKHOUSK OK S. CREKNSHlKLns, SDN'.A: CO., WIIOLKSALK DRV OOODS MKRCEIANTS, MONTRKAL. ill 2H CANADA AM) IIKK COMMKRl K. on the other hand, which twent)' years ai^o eoiikl only boast some thirty vessels of 3,700 tons, has increased her aj^f^'^res^'ate to 25,000. Ouebecs shippiiiij' consists in part of fresh water craft, for use on the St. Lawrence, the Canals and the G.^eat Lakes ; while that of Ontario is entirely composed of lake and river craft, whose total number has grown since Cimfeder- alion from some six hundred steam and sail craft of undland South America . Germany Belgium China and Japan Australia . Holland France Other countries 864,0X0,493 43,923,010 3,145,708 '1.126,743 750,461 669,040 :>4 ' ' ' 40 2SS,352 282,569 264,047 2,224,899 Total exports, 1893, v$i 18,564,35. KASTKkN TcnVXsmi'.s liANK, SllKklJKooKi;, ULK 30 CANADA AND HER CO.M.MKRCK. A comparative statement will show the value of exports and imports by the difTerent provinces of the Dominion. We choose the fi_i>-ures of the fiscal year 1893 as they appear in the Trade and Navii^mtion returns : I'KOVINCK. Ontario . Ouebec Nova Scotia . New Brunswick . Manitoba British Columbia Prince Hdward Island North West Territories Total, rOTAL KXl'ORTS. $33.«5o,S73 5'reat variety of articles with Great Britain and the li!astern States. 'IMieir export trade last year amounted to about .$19,000,000 and their JOHN LAHATTS BKEVVliKV, LONDON, ONT. imports to more than $15,000,000. Nova Scotia's great staple products and prominent exports are fish and coal, while she sends forest products abroad also. The larti-est element in New Brunswick's foreiq'n outward trade is lumber, fish cominij next, followed b\' manufactures, field produce, etc. Of the vS 1, 235, 000 of her products sent abroad by Prince Edward Island last year, more than a third went to the British Hmpire and about a half to the United States. Four-fifths of the aj^-iyrciifate trade of the Dominion is done by the two great provinces of Quebec and Ontario. Their imports and exports added together reach almost two hundred out of two hundred and forty seven millions, 3 32 CANADA AND HER C\>MMKRCK which is the total trade of all provinces. As has been already said the correct share of Ontario in this Ciinimerce is not indicated by the Hlue Book, because o( the situation of her seaports, especially Montreal, at which Ontario im- ports are larg-ely entered, and throui»'h which her products mostly reach the sea. Quebec };^ets credit in the Government returns for a lari>e share of Ontario's trade in addition to her own. The latter is not onl)' the more populous province but she is by far the lartjer producer as she is the lari^-er consumer of the two. Ontario sent to the United States during 1S93 no less than $19,559,000 worth of merchandise, half of it products of the forest, more than a fourth of of it produce of the field and farm ; the remainder from her mines, lake and river fisheries and factories. What she sent to the British Empire is put down in the Blue Book at .$11,240,000, mostly animals and agricultural products ; but that this is far below the actual mark is clear from the statement made on the very next page that Quebec sent to the United Kingdom $21, 546,- 000 of "animals and their products," the great bulk of which enormous figure is really the produce of Ontario. The like ma\- be said of other goods exported, wronglv credited to Quebec. It is useless therefore tryiny;" to ascertain from the Trade Returns what proportion of the $i9S,4(Si,ooo bought and sold jointly by these twi' provinces applies p-operly to either. 'IMie two together bought probably >$32, 000, 000 worth of goods from Britain and sold her b\- the record $56,000,000 ; while they bouglit say perhaps $40,000,000 worth from the United States, to which country, according to the Blue Book, they shipped $24,507,000 worth. Post Offices and Telegraphs. No more important aids to the internal commerce of a countr\' can be imagined than the Post Office and the Telegraph. And in respect of these two branches of communication Canada is well served. Before Confederation the postal system had been controlled by the different provincial authorities in the various provinces, but since that epoch uniform rates and regulations have come into effect which govern from the Atlantic to the Pacific. For a long time a common rate of postage prevailed in Canada and the States, but while the larger and wealthier country has been able to lower her letter rate quite recently from three cents to two cents per halt-ounce, we are obliged to be content with three cents per ounce rate. But the gulf between Post Office income and expen- '% I CANAPA AM) lli;U C OMMKUl K. :>:> ditiire, which in the United Stales in 1S93 was five millions, was last year no less than nine millions of dollars. By the Conference of iH7^et the slow steps b)- which this world-wide network of line and cable came about. A j^lance at a map of La Coiiipai^iiic Postalc Tclcgrafylii(]ui\ with its cables spanning three oceans and with land lines of telegraph marked on every civilized country, makes it hard for us to realise that but fifty years have gone by since tjie electric telegraph was first added to the machiner)' of commerce. Almost from the ver\' first Canada has been intimately connected with the pro- gress of electrical communication. The Montreal Telegraph Compan\' dates from 1S47, and its first president was one of the small group of steadfast men who enabled the inventor Morse to plant his system of telegraphy fn-mly upon this continent, where it has found so almost fabulous an extension. This gentle- man, Mr O. S. Wood, is still living, near Xew \'oik. Canada is well supplied with telegraph facilities, as the following list of lines in the Dominion will show : Mii.i;s oi- Lim:. Great North-Western Telegraph Co., iS,ooo Canadian Pacific Railway Telegraph Co., 7,600 Western Union Telegraph Co., . . 3ii75 Anglo-American Cable Co., . . . 3(S5 Government of Canada, . . . 2,102 Mii.i:s OK \ 0. ov WiKi;. Ov KICKS. 351 000 1 ,600 26,000 SSo S, I I I 2 12 403 32 2,500 — Total, 31,262 72,014 2,724 In addition there are cable lines aggregating somewhere near 300 miles, con- necting Vancouver Island with the mainland of British Columbia and extending to various islands or outlying portions of the coimtry in the Great Lakes or the Atlantic Coast. These have for the most part been constructed by Govern- ment for purposes connected with the fisheries, the meteorological survey or the navigation of the St. Lawrence and Gulf. If the march of the years has produced great changes in the character and CANADA WO ItKK I OMMKKl K .>.■> extent of mir foivii^ni tr.ule, tlie elianj^os in cUinicstic distribution of niorchaiulise have lieon not loss j^Tcat. 'riiero are tliose now livini,'' anioni,»-.st us \vlu> ean recall the (.lays ot" nurhain-boats a SiM't of Hat sei>\vs on tlie Ottawa aiul the St. Lawrence, hefi>re the ila\s i>(" canals or railways. 'I'hese rude shallops carried the produce of the country on the waterwa\s east of the Cireat Lakes. The merchandise then carried ci>nsisted o\ such products of a newi\ -settletl cinMilr\ as wheat, tobacco, furs, staxes, potash, etc., etc., downwaid anil iinpi^rted merchandise upwanl. w.\Ki;iit)isi; ()!■ w. c. pi riii;i.i) & co., wiioi.i-sAi.i-: i)U\' codd.-, Mi:K(ll.\Nrs, ST. JOHN, N.I!. At that time tlie different provinces of British America were nuicn isolated. New Hrunsw ick and \o\a Scinia traded with the Mother Country and the ailjoin- in_o- States. "Canada" seemed to them farther away than even I^UiJ^land. The i^reat distributing' point of the country then was Montreal, although it took a buyer from four to six weeks to i,''o thence from London, Ontario, and return. New \'ork had bet>un to sell s.^oods also to the merchants aloni^ Lakes Ontario and Erie, and their representatives went westward 7iia steamer from Huffalo to visit the lake and river ports. .16 l\N.\I>.\ AND l(i:i< I O.M.Mi:UC K. Commercial Travelling, Rtc. Coiuiiiercial travel linj^"' in C.iiiaila dates (vom ahoul this period. Montreal importers be^'^an to reason with themselves that if New N'ork houses were travel- Iinj4 the eoiintr) , and even Li^ndon and CiIas^''o\v houses were visiting"- customers in the Upper Provinces, it was time the\' did the liUe. So in 1S4K Maitlaiul, 'Pvlee^ Co. sent a man up the Ottawa to sell j^n'oceries ; J. G. Mackenzie iS: Co. sent one west io take orders for dry j^uhhIs ; William Harlinirand Thomas Mor- land made the trip to dispose of hardware. And they did not ^o h\ rail either there were no ni_i,''ht expresses with cosy Pullman sleepers. These men took horses and waj^»-_s^on and drove, in their visits to ct>untr\- storekeepers, to the vers' shores o\' Lake lluron, nearls' six hundred miles awa\, makinjL,»- the rouml of Penetany^, Owen Sound, doderich, Sarnia, Windsor, Amherstburi,'', Chatham, Port Stanley, London, and so on hack to Mamilton, Toronto, and Kint>ston. Amonj;" the threat houses were Gillespie, Moffatt ^ Co., D. Masson & Co., Isaac Huchanan ^ Co., the Mackay Brothers. The late Hus^-h Macka\ trav- elled Western Ontario lonj^ aijfo w ith waij'on and team. These and others, b\' coverinjjf the western countr\' with their representatives, obtained a hold upon its trade that made them a.ijents for not only suppl\ini»-countrN- dealers with imported j^-oods, but for receivini,'' the jiroduce of farm and field and exportini>- the same. And by continuing"- the system of commercial travelling when railway and canal had made communication easy and rapid, Montreal secured the hold upon the distributiuiif trade of the West which she so loiiij- maintained. As the country became more thickl\- settled, other towns and cities increased in size and commercial importance. The railway era had dawned : and the forty years since its dawn have seen an extension of the track of the iron horse throui>-hout Canada to a decree which loni^ seemed impossible, and which is astonishing- to-day to even the men who since 1852 have watched its growth. Ontario, especially, is covered with a network of railways, and remote points in the north of that province and Quebec are now regularly visited by trains. The Intercolonial Railway, making a great horse-shoe loop line from Ouebec to Halifax, was a wide step—Confederation would not have been practicable without it ; but a more gigantic stride was made in the Canadian Pacific, literally from ocean to ocean, a most stupendous, audacious work for such a handful of people to attempt. When the provinces were made one by the Confederation Act of 1867, the merchants of Montreal and Toronto enlarged the borders of their trade iih IANAI>.\ .'.M) m:K lOMMKIUK. M to incliulo the Maritiinc ProviiK'os, which were sodn covcivtl by "comivieivlals" rn>in both Ouebcc aiiil Ontario. It is appropiialo, in a publication such as this, to ivfor to the share coni- nuTcial travellers have taken in the development of our internal trade, a)e, ami of external trade as well. Before these scattered provinces were brouj^ht inti> one confederation Upper Canrtia merchants were content to ^o down twice a >ear to Montreal and Ia\- in stocks of mostly British jL,''iHHls, enou^-h to sup- pi) them for a summer's or a winter's trade. Ouebec, St. John, Halifax, im- ported what the\ wanted from the Old Country or the West Indies. .And New York or Boston merchants had uo small share in supplyini^- the needs i>f viur people alonq' the St. Lawrence and the Lakes as well as in tlie Maritime I'ro- vinces. But since 1H67, the Ct^nfederation year, the commercial traveller from Montreal, Hamilton, Toronto, has not left a foot of the Ivastern Pri>vinces un- covered. B\ Gulf ports steamer, by Intercolonial Railway, or b\- Grand Trunk, he made his visits, making- Canadian t,>'«^)ods known, anil i>vercominj4 b\' per- sistent eloquence and b\' repeated object-lessons the prejudice that hail existed a^niinst "Canadian" merchandise and Canadian merchants. As a result we now see a_tjencies or warehouses of manufacturers or merchants of each province established in the others. And, by consequence, we have agencies of Linver Province banks iipened in Western cities, anil v/cc-vcrsa. So, too, when the Red River 'I'erritor\- was acquired by the Dominion, and even before that date, the enterprise of Ontario and Montreal merchants and their representatives arranged with the railways for a system of bondinj;- mer- chandise throuirh the United States to Winnipe.i,'-, thus poaching- upon the preserves of St. Paul merchants who, up to that time, had been siipplyim^- i^oods to Manitoba and the other territories. Still later, but loni>- before the building- of the Canadian Pacific Railwa)-, it was a Hamilton merchant, Mr. Sanford, who was the pioneer traveller amon^- Canadians in opening up trade with British Columbia, immediately after that province joined the Dominion. By means of the bondiiii,'- system, merchandise was sent through the United States via Chicai,^! and San Francisco, and up the coast of the Pacific by steamer to Victoria. At that date, be it remembered, Canadians were looked on by the dwellers on the Pacific Coast as remote strani>-ers. Indeed, the miners and other autocrats of British Columbia and California in those days were suspicious and even contemptuous of people from Canada who, for .^H lANAIVV ANP IllCU (. OMMKRC'K. m i\;isons which any one who has visited the Coast will probahly j^iiess, were called by tlie residents " pennies." The modern methods of sellin_i,»- ^^oods are suHicientl)- familiar to render an\ minute description neetlless. The nuulest sample cases ov hnt;e trunks of ira- vellini; salesmen are seen on every train ami nearl\ ever\- passeny'er ho.it. No considerable hotel in city or larj.»^e town but has sample roi>ms for these mes- senv^ers ot commerce, whose movements by day ami nioht aie so lleet and so all-pervadintj', whose knowledge is so uji-to-date, and whose address so unfail- inq' that the\' mij^ht well he st\led latter-day Mercuries. Nor is there a cross- u>ads ta\ern, a new hamlet in the forest, or even a Iinnbei- camji on a remise lake where these cheery mercantile missionaries {.\o not penetrate. One of tiiem tells a story alunit a darkey, which he used to illustrate his own proceilure at a time when he fi>und himself in a renu>te district without special instructions and in ij^norance ot the linancial standiiii^' of its trailers. Thus: the (.piestii>n was asked of an old colored preacher, " Ho you preach extempore iir do \ ou take notes?" And his repl\- was, "Well, sah, thah wu/ a time wiien 1 titok notes, but I se four." it safest in this heah deestrick to insist on habin de cash down. So, the salesman made up his mind to sell for cash in that place, and In means of w hat flatteries ami yarns, hyperboles and discounts, he actuailv ilid t;et the cash dmvn, it neeils one ol the i^uild to narrate. How the\' plot and plan to :.^et the start ot one amMher is an i^ld stor\-, trom the \inino ila\ s o( Geori^e Moore in Mntjlaml dmvnward. Ins^enuitN olten inercomes miH>i.l leeliiii^ ; and cases have even been known where princiiile has been saciiliceil in the rapture oi " j^ettini"- the bulye ' on a rival. /\n incident comes to n.iml of two travellers in the same line who arrived at CharKntctown, i'rince lulwanl Island, one ^lit^ht, by the same steamer The \ounjL.;"er ami jLjreenei- o\' the twain had incautiously let it be known that lie was i^ninj.,'' to Summcrside. So w lien he nearei, that tcn\n on the stai^e next forenoon, he was sla^^oered to me.t his opponent drivini^ a buj^i^y back to Chiirlottetown. The latter hail ^ot up earl)- in the mornini^ to ti^restall the visit o\ the other by staj^e. Next da\' was market day in Charlottetown. I'he elder traveller, who liked to i\o thinjL,''s in st\le, took a leisurely breakfast and then set out to j^a^t meichants ti' come io the hotel, or rather the boarding- house, and see his samples. The) were too bus\ , and so he started in quest of a conveyance to take his samples to the shops. There were, at that time, no cabs in the city : not a hack, nor a dra\', nor a cA\.\iv\ AM> iii:k ii>mmi:k(. i;. M) Kill MvKN A I KM MM II Ml l;l I IM KN \ I Wndh^lhl.. ACADIA SI (lAK KI'.IIMNC CO., ll.TI).,) IIAI.II AN, NONA SC ( I'llA. lAI'l I Al /,'5()O.0O-J. — -- Com/'iiiiy's I l//ii(:< : ■ -- - 2;5 llullis Street, Il.i1if;i\, N.S. ('i6 \iit;ini;i Slrccl. Cil:»'i;ciw, Sinlhiiiil. ''I! 40 CANADA AN'O IIKK c OMMKKl I). w.-ii^i^foii coultl he ij;ct, and he was fain to suffer the iiulij^-iiity of a wheelbarrow. But this dehiy had consumed the best part oi' a forenoon. The other fellow, warned by his fate of the da\- before, when he had q-ot never an order at Sun;- nierside, had risen early, put on his back his leather trunk of samples weit;hin^- seventy pounds, and made the round of the stores, unpackiiii>- and repackinir and shouiderinj^*" the trunk in the hot sun from place to place all round the square of Charlottetown, and t,»-ettinj^' four or five orders while the other go[ none. "We are quits," said the elder man to the other; " ymire not so qreen as \ou were." It was said a pai,>-e or two back, that in view oi' the ,i>'eneral characteristics of commercial travellers the}- should be called Mercuries. This ma\- be deemed a remote allusion, but it has rather more significance than at first appears. At the risk of offending' the modesty o( some members of the modern Order of Commercial Travellers a few resemblances of these modern Mercuries ma\ be pointed out. A late writer has said, in treatino- of the poetic narratives i>f the <>ods and heroes of the old Greeks, that accordiui)' to their m\ ths, while Apollo the Ctod of Lii,''ht, represented the hiu-her in tell licence of the mind, his brother Hermes or Mercury represents the pracUial wisdom of the workl. Sure we are that man\- of "the bo\s " will consider it no small comjiliment to be thus inlei- entiallv distinj^uished as haviiii;' />/7i'r//Vv// wisdom. Some of them will IrankK declare that they have no use for the " higher intelligence" that is not practical. This u-od not only promoted the fruitfulness of flocks ami herds, but bestowed prosperitN in particular on trade and commerce. And, sa\s Seeman, "as the jiruardian of the streets and roads and the friendl\' i^uide of tluvse travellino- on business, this deity must have appeared especially worth)- of honor amon^'- the Greeks of old time, who were sharp and j^reedy men of business." I^ut Mer- cury was somethini>' more than a protector of commerce : he was the patron of eloquence, and a skilled interpreter of lanq'uani'e ; he presided over wrestlins;,'' and the other exercises of the ^'•ymnasium, and, indeed, was said to be equally dex- terous in mind and body. Here surely is a cluster of attributes which should render Mercury especially the deity of the modern commercial traveller, whose varied climes and circumstances make so many demands upon his many-sided- ness. But Old Keii>-htley, when writing'' his work on mytholo^'y sixt)- or sevent) years aj^o, while yet a youn^i^' man, said, in his blunt way, that Mercury pre- sided over "everything'- which required skill and in^'-enuity, even over thievini^." mj LI ^ipp^^b . CANADA AND HKK tOMMKRCK. 41 This is a dreadful set-back to the parallel we have been endeavoring- to establish, for who would have a patron of thievini,"- for his deit}-, even in fun ? Slill, we must make allowances. The ancient Greeks and Romans were onl)- heathens, and althou_i,'-h their standards suited them, we, tiie immensely cleverer and ever- so-much-more-moral-aiul-refined people of to-da\-, must be allowed to know better. Mercury, beautiful in fij>-ure as he was, graceful to a dcii-ree, crowned with a wiui^anl hat, shod with i,>-olden-win_i4ed sandals, bearing the caduceus or lierald's staff j^nven him by Apollo, h.is been irreverent!)' called an undertaker because, aclintj' as the messeni^er o{' his father Jupiter, he had the office o\ con- KKMNKKN Al Mi>.S( ION. ACADIA Sl'CAR K11IN'IN(; COMI'ANV, (LTD. ) ductinj*- the sor.ls oi' the dead to the under-workl. But his imaye or idea sti>od for much that was worthy and dii^nified in the imai>'inative life of o\d. And it would be eminentU- appropriate that there should be, in the assembl)- halls of our Boards of Trade, or in the rooms of the Commercial Travellers, as reminders or exemplars to merchant or traveller, statues of the Olympic dignitary, who, besides beinj^ the embodiment of acute perception and practical common sense, swiftness of purpose and. power of work, was endowed with j^^race, vij^or, and a sense of humor. 4^ i..\N\n\ AM) iii:k iommkki k. * CANADA Mil'. ASSTKANCl-; CO, lll'.AD OKI ICi:, IIAMII/HiN. CANADA AND IIIiK C OM.MKKl-H. 4:> Canadians Abroad. It tliX's not iiood that a Canadian slutaKI lilou his own tninipLM about iIk- Ini.incss iv|">utation of Canadians abroad. Tlic oxtcnl to whicli they aiv in iv- tliK'st in tho United States is sii^rnalizcd b\' the number, saiil to lie some hun- cheds of thousands, who have found a home there, and b\- the positions o( trust CAWDA LIFI", ASSURANCE CO.S lUILDINl ;, TORONTO. which so many of thetn occupy in that country. We hear of our countrymen in Austraha, in South America, in Me.xicii and on tlie Continent of b'urope. 'Pliex' have tlie intellisrence and the .stayini,»- power that marks them for success, and they may yet _i,-et to be like the proverbial Scittchman, discoverable in everv clime and jLTcnerally thrivinj.,''. 44 CANADA AXn I'KK COM.MKRCK III t:AX.M).\ I.IIK ASSUKAXCK CO.'S UUILDINc;, MONTREAL. CANAPA ANP HER COMMKRCK. 45 That the enterprise of Canadians in foreii,ni fields will before loni,'- build up our foreij^-n trade is something'- to look forward to. The Canadian flat,'- is familiar in foreign ports, for the wooden ships of Quebec and the Maritime Vro- vinces lono- ajvo made the names of our Atlantic sea-ports and the products ot our soil and shore well known in places far abroad. Hut more remains to be done. We must secure for ourselves the proper conditions before we can make our foreii^'-n trade what it should be. Time and experience will teach our rulers how best to cultivate this trade. If it be found impracticable that"]our ultra- FOUNDKV Ol' Till', GUKNMA, TILDKN Co., (LTD,,! ll.\.\III/n)N, ( )NT, protectionist policy shall .give way to absolute free trade, we may at least learn how, by drawbacks upon manufactured goods, by further concessions to specific articles of import, or by what other procedure whatever, our outward ma\' be made to correspond with our inward trade with a variety of nations. One thing needed for such a trade is a staff of foreign agents, since consuls we may not have in our colonial condition. To compete with Germany, with I^'rance, with Britain and the United States, whose foreig^n commerce is helped enormously by the trade sentinels, the commercial detectives, they have planted at every point of vantage in distant countries, we must have something* corres- 46 CANADA ANO IlKR I OMMKKlK. poiuliiii,'- to those for the benefit of our exporters. With such natural resources as ours, the possibilities of trade are vast. We shall not always be a people of live millions ; we are not likely always to be a dependency. Havinj^" shown in our capacitv for federation, for territorial and municipal ^>-overnment, for trade and nianufaclurinu- pro,i,'ress, an example of the Ani,Ho-Saxon stuff we are made of, it becomes Canadians to exhibit in the larsrer field of competition with the world that spirit of a^^gressive resolve which shall prove us worthy of our proud lineage. CANADA AND HKK COM.MKKC K. 47 THE LUMBER TRADE OF THE OTTAWA VALLEY. B^ .IAMBS HKDIvEV. It would be easier to write about the Ottawa Valley in a legendary and romantic vein than it is to make a story of its industrial development. That is, there are far more materials easy of access for the former than the latter. The Indian tribes, Alg-onquins and Iroquois, that built their lodges on the banks of the great river and paddled their canoes upon its waters- - the adventurous dis- coverers from old France and the voyageurs who escorted them and the Jesuit missionaries along the main stream and its tributaries- the struggle for the fur ^ trade, from whose seat far north the Ottawa was the highway to Montreal — these and other incidents of the " Kitchi-sippi," or great river, might be woven into an animated narrative. But we have to do with less glowing matters. The Valley of the River Ottawa contains about 80,000 square miles, most of it land well suited for cultivation. Its wealth in standing timber is enor- mous, for it contains vast quantities of the finest pine timber in the world. The river rises in north latitude 48 and after a course of six hundred miles falls into the St. Lawrence by two mouths. During its course it widens into nume- rous lakes and is fed by many important tributaries. Three hundred miles from its source it becomes Lake Temiscamingue, which long and narrow body receives the drainage of a region 30,000 square miles in area. From Lake Temiscamingue, all the way to its mouth, the Ottawa is navigable for rafts or cribs of timber. Half-a-dozen rivers empty into this great Temiscamingue region of the main Ottawa. Nor are these by any means petty streams ; the smallest of them is a hundred and more miles in length and the largest three or four hundred. The whole region which these streams drain abounds in red and white pine timber of a quality unsurpassed, which finds market in various forms in North and South America and in the British Islands. , 4 IP .1 48 fANADA AM) UKR tOMMKRcK. Before we pass 011 to speak more particularly o( the luinberini,*- interest, a word about Ottawa, the capital o( the Doiiiiiiion and the seat of the j^reat saw- niillini,*- industry o( Canada, is due. In the year 1800 a Massachusetts farmer, named Philemon Wrij^ht, came to settle at the foot of the Chaudiere rapids^ hrini^inj,'' with him twenty-five men, besides oxen, horses, sleighs, axes, hoes and mill-irons and barrels of salt pork. 1^'irst he bar^>-ained with the Indians for a clear title to his settlement, then he set to work, and by 1824 had three thou- sand acres cleared and had founded Hull, on the north or Quebec side of the river, and with it the lumber trade. One of Wri^'-ht's men, named Nicholas Sparks, bought, early in the century, a tract of land on the Ontario side of the stream, and made a fortune sellin^r it in lots to Government and to settlers. Here Bytown rose, takinj^^ its name from Colonel B}', of the Royal |{ngineers, who was charged with the buildini»- of the Rideau Canal. The name of the place was chanjj'ed to Ottawa in 1854, and when, owin_t,>" to political exi^aMicies, a capital for the United Canadas came to be chosen, her Majest\' the Oueeii selected Ottawa for that distinction. The rivers which are tributaries of the Ottawa may now be especiall)- men- tioned. Namely: from the east, in order, the Ouinze, the Keepawa, the Dumoine, the Black River and the Couloni>-e, the two last named of which flow throut,»^h a district long celebrated for fine white pine timber the Gatineau, the Lievre and the Rouge. The southern and western tributaries are even more numerous : beginning at the north, we have the Blanche, the Montreal, the Mattawa, Pete- wawa, Indian, Bonnechere Madawaska, Mississippi, Rideau and Nation rivers. Most of these are from one hundred to two hundred miles in length, enter the main stream at points where it is from half a mile to a full mile in width, and drain territory valuable for the purposes of the lumberman. At or near the great chute of the Calumet has grown the stirring town of I'embroke, styled the capital of the upper Ottawa. At the mouth of the river Madawaska is the town of Arnprior, and further down the current still debouche the Rideau and the Gatineau. The great rafts of timber float down the ample stream and through the deeper waters of the St. Lawrence to Quebec, where they, as well as deals, are laden into timber ships for Europe. Great quantities of sawn lumber find their way down the Richelieu river and the Lake Cham- plain to Albany, and by rail to that and other American ports. Well-known names in the historv of the Ottawa lumber trade have been (.ANAIVA AM) I IKK ». O.MMKKC K. 49 Alon/A> WiijLrHt, tho Gilnuniis, McLarens, John Kochester, J. R. Booth, \i. B. I']ild\ . IViIcv it I'allcc, Bronsons & Weston, Sherman & Lord, McClyniont & Co., Wriirht ^ Batson, whose output has ranj^-ed from say UKU lUM M KKl K. cubic foot oi' sqiiaiv (inibcr inadc. I laviiij^»- secured his limit, which iiia\ be icii miles square, or twenty, the lumlier merchant next tfets experienced Indians or half-breeds to explore his territory for ^ood trees. The nature of his venture and the prospects of financial success depend much on the number Jind character of pine trees foimd on his land. White pine is usually fouiul on undulating'' land, while the red pine j^^rows in unmixed j^jroves. I'hese aristocrats ot the forest are exclusive in their habits like some other kinds of aristocracy. Having thus spied out the land, and beinj^^ satisfied with the exploration, the next step is to enj>'a,i,'-e a j^'^anj^' of men, build a shanty of \o^s in a desirable location, the roof formed of half trees hollowed out, the floor of lo^s hewn flat. Next it must be stocked with salt pork, flour, molasses, potatoes and tea- whiskey is happily no part of the provision for these long- winter vigils. Horses and oxen are procured, in numbers proportioned to the extent of the camp, and for these hay and oats must be provided. Much other paraphernalia is needed around a lumber camp, such as chains, cantin.ij poles, harness, bob-sleighs, lanterns, axes, saws ; nor must cooking utensils and a good suppl)' of blankets be neglected. Stables for the horses must be built, too ; after which a landing or "roll- way" must be constructed, down which to roll the dismembered and cross-sawn trunks to the river or lake in the spring, and then a " road " is cleared through the forest along which to drag the logs through the snow by horses and chains to the roll-way. A blacksmith's shop is a needful adjunct to a camp, and next to the cook and the head boss, " the smith, a might}- man is he." But it would not be telling the whole truth to pretend that the system has not undergone change during recent years, The rougher features have in some instances been ameliorated. The methods of operation in the woods to-day are, in the case of some firms, changed considerably from those of twenty years ago. One American firm, for instance, has laid steel rails into its limits near Wahnapitae, in the Sudbury District. The men are no longer ex- clusively fed on hard-tack, pork and tea, cooked over an open fire in the middle of the shanty, but many firms, especially the American ones, have adopted the practice of having a cooking stove in the shanty, and a dining room, which is used for no other purpose than for meals. The lumber hands get very consider- able quantities of fresh meat, fish and molasses, besides using bread instead of the old hard-tack ; their employers finding that not only is this much cheaper \ CANADA AND IIKR COMMMRCK. 5' in many cases, but that the health of the men is improved. F\issihly, too, these more modern operators think, to paraphrase the Latin poet, that better and more varied food ma\' "soften their [the men's] manners and not permit them to become ferocious. " From a pamphlet descriptive of the Ottawa Lumber Trade we derive the following statistics, showinj,'' the needs of a jcan^"" of men and horses which wil' take out in the course oi a winter's work say 150,000 \o^s, which will produce sa)' 30,000,000 feet of sawn lumber : WARKIIOUSI'; AND I-AC'IOKN' ()K (IKO. i:. TICKKTT \ SON, CO., (I.Tl>.,l HAMILTON, ONT. S25 barrels pork, 900 " flour, 520 bushels beans, 37,000 " oats, 300 tons hay, 3,700 gallons molasses, 7,500 pounds tea, 900 pairs blankets, 225 sleighs, 70 boxes'axes and saws. Added to which must be soap, tobacco, grindstones, chains, boats and other appliances such as have been previously mentioned. The cost of this kind of an outfit is placed at $54,000. The average number of men employed by such 52 CANAPA AND UKR COMMKKcE. an establishment is 637, whose pay for the season will amount to $600,000, or perhaps, $700,000, according'- to the rate of waives current. There were, at the date when this pamphlet was compiled, six firms havinij mills at the Chaudiere, whose averag"e provision for a winter's lumbering,'" reached the fij^ures named above. Recoij'nizing the extent and importance o\' the trade in wood as a valuable adjunct to our forei^tni trade at one time, indeed, the lartfest item of Canada's exports the Government at Ottawa has constructed works on a number of streams to facilitate the operations of the lumbermen. This, of coin-se, in ad- dition to a vast outlay for a like purpose made from time to time b\' private firms. Booms and slides have been built by public money which are used on equal terms by various lumbermen, and a re.i,>'ular chain of what mi_t;ht be called \oir naviq'ation has been instituted. On the main Ottawa there are eleven stations ; on the Madawaska, fifteen ; on the Petewawa, thirty-one ; on the Du Moine, eleven ; while there is one each on the Black, the Covdont,''e and the Gatineau rivers. Taking- the twelve stations from Carillon northward to the Des Joachim rapids on the main stream, 227 miles, there has been constructed for this business 2,000 feet of canal, 3,834 feet of slides, 30,000 feet of booms, besides piers, bulk-heads and keepers' houses. In later \ears has been incorpo- rated the Ottawa Improvement Company, the purpose of which was to continue the work of this character betfun by the Government. W'hat a quantity of forest product is handled in this Ottawa District will appear when it is learned that in one year, 1S76, there passed ihrous^h the Chaudiere slide 13,351 cribs of squared timber, containing; 300,000 pieces ; igb cribs of deals, Si cribs of Hatted timber. 'I'hroui>h the Midi slides there passed the same year, 213,143 saw loi^i's, besides square and flatted timber and cedar poles. These figures do not include the vast number i>f saw-los^s broui>-ht down for the supply of the Chaudiere mills. A development of late years has been, in various parts of Canada, the ex- port of a variety of hard woods, previously netflected in view of the jLjreater available value of pine. So, too, we may observe the j^rowth in exports of teletjraph poles and railway ties, shinj»-les and laths, while the stave-trade, once larj^e, has dwindled to very small propi>rtions. Ontario shipped to the United States, last )ear, $1,000,000 worth of teleg^raph poles, $70,000 worth of other poles, $100,000 worth of railway tics. Wood for pulp, used b\ paper makers. S igmi CANADA VNn HKR lOMMKI cK. 53 is another consitleniblo item of export anion ntini*', last Near, to S^-jcSCi.ooo in valne, lialf of which was j^ot in Ontario, It is not possible to make out from the Tratle and Navigation returns what proportion of our export of v$26, 359,000 worth of forest products in iSg^ was from Ontario, because much of the product of Ontario sliippod to the sea, 7'/-al, directors. The position of secretary-treasurer. (i'atherinj^ of the members at the Academy of Music. Aj^ain was Mr. Andrew Robertson re-elected to the position of president, and a similiar compliment was paid to Mr. James A. Cantlie, the vice-president of the Association. The membership had now reached a total of six hundred and ninety-two, with the annual receipts amountinj^>- to $7,140.69, and expenses of $3,230.48, leaving a balance fov the year of $3,918.21, thus brinjjfinfj up the total capital to the sum of $6,014. 18. Never backward in charitable works, the members voted at this meeting' to give the sum of $200 to the Montreal General Hospital. As indicative of the fact that the Board of Directors of the Association were watchful and jealous of the rights and privileges of its members, it may be stated that at this same meeting it was reported that two members had been arrested at Charlottetown, P. K. I., and fined $50 each for not having taken out licenses as commercial travellers. The question was taken into the Courts on behalf of one of the members so fined, and the imposition of the license was pronounced illegal. Following the business of the meeting, the members present, to the num- ber of about one hundred, sat down to their first annual dinner, and it is almost needless to say the occasion was a most enjoyable and happy one for all con- cerned. The speeches made were eloquent and pertinent to the occasion, and the good-fellowship enjoyed engendered the most kindly feelings between the members. The accumulated funds of the Association had now reached such an amount, that it was thought advisable they should be invested in some way or other, and after some little discussion, the president, vice-president, and Mr. A. F. Gault were appointed a committee to consider the matter. The fourth annual meeting was held at the Alexandria Rooms on Decem- ber 28, of the following year — 1878, when the president and vice-president were re-elected to the positions which they had so long and faithfully filled. The CANADA AND HKR lOMMKRCK. 63 _-.. J JAMES A. CANTl.IK. (H lANAOA AMI IIKK lOMMKKlK. vacaiK'ios caused by tho rctironicnt of iho short-lorin iliroctors were filled by James O'Brien (re-elected), H. I.. Lockerby, A. l.io\vde\-, Jobn Rojtfers and A. Acheson. Another and further donation of .$200 was iirdered to be made to the Mon- treal General Hospital ; the total membership was "Stated to be ei^tfht lumilred and thirty-six; receipts, $S,c)i2; expenditures, $5,029; balance tor the twelve months, S^.cSS^ ; total capital, $9,1^96. St. Lawrence Hall was the scene of the next annual meeting*- the fifth on December 23, 1S79, when Mr. J. A. Cant lie was elevated to the position of president of the Association, with Mr. I"). L. Lockerby as vice-president. The vacancies caused by the retirement of directors were filled by the election of Messrs. Geortj^e Forbes, F. Massey, G. Piche, Georj^e Sumner, R. R. Hutchi- son and Charles Hutchison. Durinjt,'' the year the membership of the Association was reported to have fallen off somewhat, the number o\^ the books beinj^r ei^ht hundred and eleven ; the total capital had reached the sum of $13,851.33, and the annual donation to Montreal General Hospital was increased to $400. In 1880 the annual report showed a membership of eij^^ht hundred and seventy-seven, totjether with a balance on the twelve months of $3,715 and a capital of $17,567. This was the sixth annual meeting'-, and it was held at the Windsor Hotel on December 2;^. The officers elected were as follows : J. A. Cantlie, president; A. Gowdey, vice-president; directors: Messrs. Geori,>'e Boul- ter, A. A. Brown, B. Reed and R. Betancourt. During all this period of the Association's existence, the combined offices of secretary and treasurer had been most ably filled by Mr R. C. Simpson; but he now found the duties so onerous that at his request they were separated, Mr. Georj^e Sumner beinj^,^ elected to the office of treasurer. Five hundred dollars was the sum which it was decided to j^ive to the General Hospital this year ; the by-laws were amended in some unimportant particulars, and reports were made in certain cases where commercial travellers had been arrested and fined by local authorities in the provinces, and the matter had been taken into the superior courts. Another important piece of business was also transacted at this meeting, and that was the incorporation of the Association according to the laws of the Dominion. iAN.\i>.\ \NP iii;i< I o.\i.\ii:Kii:. 65 The sovonth aiimial incotinj,"' i>rilu' Assuciaiion was lu-lil in tlu' Mechanics' llallmi DcccnilHT 2 tlu> iiHk'c o( pivsiclont, with Mr. Frederic Massey, \ ice-president, ami Mr. Ciei>rj,''e Sumner, treasurer. I'he lollowini^ coniposcil the Moard of l^irectors : Char- les llutchisiMi, k. R. Hutchison, J. I'. Meall, L. MclUUn\ ie and fohn Mlack. The membership had now readied the i^nMnil total ot eleven hundred and thirteen ; liie surplus for the tweKe months was $5,1(1,^, while the total capital ainounleil to $22,670. In view of this lari,''e accumulatii>n i>f funds, the i>pinion was ailvanced that it would he atlvisahle that simie provisii^n should iie made in case of the death or sickness of any of the memhers, so as to afford temporary relief to those dependent upon them for support. It was su^^j^a'sted that in such cases the henefit to he paiil slundd depend upon the len_i,>-th of time the member had been connecteil with the Association, and a committee was appointed to formulate a plan. The repi>rl of this committee ti>ok the form of a resolution, which was carried unanimously, and which provided that the amount to be paid on proof of death to the heirs of the deceased member. >hould be as follows : After payment of second year's subscription, $200 ; after third year, S.^oo ; fourth year, $400 ; fifth year and over, $300 ; and five dollars per week in case of sickness for a period not exceedintr thirteen weeks, provided the member was prevented from attendinj»" to his business. It was also reported at this meeting'- that what was known as the case of "Jonas 7'.v. The City of St. John," which had been appealed from the lowe. courts, had been decided in favor of the Association. December 16, 1882, was the time, Mechanics' Hall the place of the eij^hth annual meetinj^", which will be for ever memorable in the annals of the Associa- tion for the remarkable contest which ensued for the office of president. There were two candidates in the field Georire Sumner and Frederic Massey. I'he total number of votes cast was eijifht hundred and sevent)'-one, and the ballot- ting" resulted in the election of Mr. Sumner by a majority of twenty-five. Mr. R. B. Hutchison was selected to occupy the post of vice-president, and Mr. Georg^e Boulter that of treasurer, with the following' gentlemen as directors : William Barclay, A. Gowdey, William Fercival, A. Racine and T. Harries. The membership roll had received additions during the year to the number of three hundred and twenty-three. The net sm-plus for the twelve nu>nths amounted to $6,950, and the total capital had now reached the sum of $29,620. 66 lANAPA Wn III;K lO.MMKKCi:. I It was stated that diirinj^ the previous twelve months the Association had lost three nienihcrs b\- death, and tlie elainis arisiiii^f therefrom imder the benefit scheme adopted two \ears previousi)' were promptly paid. IMie amount dis- bursed durini>" the twelve months to sick members was .$997.30. It was with unfeii»'ned and sincere regret that the members of the Associa- tion received Mr. R. C Simpson's resiijnation o\' the office of secretary, and urj^'-ed upon him to continue to hold the positiiMi for another year at least. Me pointed out, however, that the work o( the Association had assumed such pro- portions that it required the whole time and attention of one man. He also called attention to the fact that the Association had now i^rown to such propor- tions that it was absolutely necessary for them to look out for suitable quarters, which should comprise a readini,^-room and secretary's iitVice as well, a place where tiie members mi_i,'"ht feel they were at home. In accordance with this sui,''i^estion, very desirable i.|uarters were secured on St. Ji^hn Street, between St. James and \oire Hame Streets, and which were handsomel\- furnished aiul taken possession i^f by the members on December i, nSS^. Mr. Simpson s resignation of the office of secretar\- havini,^ been accepted, it was ilecided b\- the Hoard of Directors to throw the position open to public competition. Acci>rdini,''ly an advertisement was inserted in both I'^nglish and French Montreal papers, with the result that there were no less than thirty- eij^ht applicants fo\- the position. Anions^' those wlu> applied, lu>wever, ni>ne was more hij^rhly reci>mmeniled or endorsci! on everv hand as bein_i^ likely to fill the position of secretary with not i>nl\' credit to himself but the satisfaction of the Association, tlian Mr. H. W. W'adsworth, and he was thereupon unani- mously appointed to succeed Mr. Simpson. Mr. W'adsworth entered upon the duties of his new position on I')ecember I, iSS;^, on the very da\ the Association took possession of its new quarters; and how well and dilis^entl}' he has performed the responsible duties which have ilevolved upon him is told in detail elsewhere in this work. Ihe re-election of Messrs. Sumner, R. R. Hutchison and Geortje Roulter for the positions of president, vice-president and treasurer respectively followed at the ninth annual meetinj^f, which was held in the Weber Hall on December '5» '<^^3- I '1^' directors appointed were as follows: J. A. Cantlie, S. S. Boxer, R. C Simpson, 1^. Dumaresq and F. Huj^hes. The report of the secretary showed that the number of members in the CANADA AND HKK COMMKRCK ^7 i (IKOKIII'; I.. CAINS. 68 CANADA \M> IIKK CO.MMKRCK. Association was now one thoiisanti tour luiiulrcd and sixi\-sovcn ; the surplus tor the year, $6, i 16.S5, ani.1 the total capital, $35, 737. ^<^- l^urini; the )ear 1SS3 there had heen paid out tor sick and death lienelits the sum of $2,527.50. Ouite a pleasint,^ and interesting^ feature at this nieetintj was ilie presenta- tion, at the conclusion ot" the husiness proper, o( a lart^e and handsome oil paintinj^'' of the foinier secretar\ and his estimahle wife Mr. and Mrs, Simpson. The speeches accompanying; the presentation o( the painting- were euloi,nslic and complimentary in the highest des^ree to the individuals mentioned. Mr. Georije Houlter was honored the followinj; year In lieinj^" electetl president, with Mr. R. H. Hutchison as vice-president, and Mr. Alexander Gowdey as treasurer. 'I'he Hoard o\' Directors was composeil of the tollowiui,'' j^entlemen : A. C Meach, Thomas Harries, William I'ercival, J. M. Pollock and G. Piche. A sli_i,rht decrease was reported in the nundier o\' memhers, there heini,'" on the roll at the time of the tenth annual meeting;, which was iiekl on Decemher 13, 1S.S4, a total of one thousand four hundred and ht'ty-three ; the "irplus tor the twelve months was stated to have been 84,341.74; amount of capital $40,079.42. The amount paid out in the \\a\ of sick and death henefits was $3,702.50. The question as to the Iej,>"ality of the taxes impi>sed upon conuuercial tra- vellers in many cities and towns was iliscussed in all its hearinjL,>-s, hut no de- finite action in the matter was decided upon. It was reported, however, that the case aL»'ainst the Citv of Quebec had been decided ai>ainst the cit\ , but the matter had been appealeil to a hii^^her court, and was therefore in abexance. JudjL^nient had also been reported in tavor of the Association in its action ai^^ainst the Cit\' of Three Rivers tor the ille^^al impositiiMi of a tax upon 01 e of the members. Some discussion ensued in connection with a proposed chan,t;"e in the by- laws, b\- which the mortuar\' benetit was to be increased the maximum sun* to be paid beinif fixed at $Soo. In 1NS5 the eleventh annual meetintr was held ow l")ecember 12, and re- sulted in the election of the tollowini; officers : R. M. Hutchison, president; R. C Simpson, vice-presiilent ; Alexander Cu>w».le\', treasurer. 'I'he directors were |{. numaresq, V. Jlut;hes, !•'. I^irks, James Croil and John Roj^ers. I'he membership was rcporteil now to have increased to o\m.' thousand f\\c hun- CANADA AND IIKR c OMMKRcK. 69 ». dred and tliirtoLMi ; surplus for tlio year, $3,161.0,? ; j^Tand surplus, $4,^,240.45. I'he sum disbursed for benorils, both sick and niortuar\', was $6,971.79. The by-law providin,i>" for the education of tlic- children of deceased nieni- bers of the Association was stated to have been placed in active force, the first child to take the advantai^e of the fund having'' just been placed in the Hi^'^h School. In the course of the meeting it was stated that the 'I'oronto I^oard of Trade had sou^dit to obtain from the railways the privileges so long enjoyed by the Association, and not a little alarm was telt by the members thereat. Ihe ap- peal of the Moaril of Trade to the railways, however, was not altogether success- fid, the oidy concession offered them being that the\ would be allowed to carr\ three hundred pountls of baggage free, provided the)- purchased one thousand mile tickets. This coi'icession being conditional, did not afVect the Association at all, and the alarm accordingly subsided. Ouite a change was made in the Hoard of OHicers at the twelfth annual meeting, which took place on I")ecember 11, 1SS6. I). L. Lockerby was elected president, with Thomos Marries as vice-presi- dent, and George l-'orbes as treasurer. The directi>rs chosen were William Percival, William Galbraith, Alexaniler Gowdey, Jacob Wilson and John 'l'a\- lor. The roll of membership now containeil one thousand six huiulred and eight\-four names ; surplus for the \ear, $4,S72.72 ; tjrand siuplus, $47,9i().p. It was pointed out In the Hoard of OtVicers that the si*.k benefit scheme had iiecome toi>heav\ a drain upon the finances of the .\ssi>cialion,anil on moiiini the by-law providing for il was rescinded ; liie A.-st*ciation, lu>wever, assunied the accident risk of its own members. Sixteen members ilied (.luring the \eai-, and the benefits paid out on this acci>unl amounted ti> $10,559.28. .\otwith- slanding the high death-rate and the large amount ilisburseii li> the beneficiaries of deceased members, (he financial gain compared ver\ f"avi>rably with thai of previous \ears. This, it was explaineil, was due ti> the s.iving effecteil In' the Association assuming its own acciilent insurance, the amount saveil by the change being considerably over $5,000. I'he officers elected for the \ear iHSS were : |iresident, b'red. Hirks ; Nice- president, Wm. Percival ; treasurer, George I'orbes ; .lirectors, ji>e Armstrong, Charles Hutchison, James Cri>il, William Mussell and George Hnnvn. The total nuiviber of members was now one thousand eight hundred and 70 CANAOA A\n HER COMMERCE. sixty-two ; income for the year, $21,988.82 ; expenditure, $12,129.13 ; net j^^ain tor the Near, $9,859.67, brin_i,'-in)^'- up the i^rand surplus to $57,775-99. Althoutrh this was the thirteenth annual nieetinj,'' and niij^^ht, if commercial travellers were inclined to be superstitious, be considered to be an unlucky one, a grand triumph was reported to have been achieved by the Association in the passaj^e of a Bill in the local Lej^nslature of Quebec prohibitinj^>'any municipality from imposing- a tax upon commercial travellers. The annual dinner was held on December 27 at the Windsor Hotel, and was t^Taced by the presence o( the ladies, who hi_t,'-hly enjoyed the ball which followed. The year 1888, it may be stated, was an eventful one in the histor)- o( the Association. As previously stated, the relations of the Association with the various railway and transportation companies had become somewhat strained, and there appeared to be every indication that the close relationship which had so lonj^ existed would come to an end. Happily, however, the crisis was averted. The question involved was one concerning the liability for baggage, which was overcome by the placing of a new form of contract upon the back oi' the certificate, which required the signature of the commercial traveller carrying the goi>ds, as well as that of the owner of the goods themselves. In the Spring of 1888, also, the Association was compelled to vacate the quarters which they had occupied so long on St. John street, and were fortunate enough to secure a suite of rooms at the corner of St. James and McGill streets one of the best corners in the business portion of the city. The year was also memorable from the fact that the members of the Asso- ciation were called upon to moiu-n the loss by death of one of its most active and energetic workers Mr. Alexander Gowdey whj.>se decease occurred on May 22. The news of his death caused the most profound expressions of sorrow among his late associates. A meeting of the Board of Directors was held, at which resolutions of condolence with his bereaved wife and family were unani- mously adopted. A subscription list was also opened at the rooms of the Asso- ciation to purchase a suitable monument to his memory, which monument was subsequently erected over his gr.ive in Mount Royal Cemetery. The excursion to New York City in September was a notable event in the annals of the Association for this year. It started on the morning of September 5, and proved, most decidedly, a delightful and enjoyable event. In the special (.ANAOA AND HKR lOMMKRtK. 71 ■"^^A I 4 1)A\ ID \V.\T>f)N. 72 CANADA AND IIKR COMMERCK. train of seven cars which left Montreal on the date mentioned were a Uiv^e number of commercial travellers, together with their wives and friends. The first nij^j'ht was spent at Saratog'a, the Hudson River boat being taken at Alban\ the following morning. A general desire was expressed by those who took the excursion that it might be made an annual affair. The annual election of officers for the year 1SS9, lield on December 15 of the previous year, resulted as follows : president, bred. Birks ; vice-president, Gustave Piche ; treasurer, R. B. Hutchison ; directors, George Cains, William I^ercival, J. A. Cantlie, John Taylor, and S. S. Boxer. The total membership had now reached two thousand and fifty-four ; in- come, $24,401.62 ; expenditure, $1 1,723.30 ; net gain for the year, $12,544.37 ; grand balance ol^ the right side of the books, $81,103.03. For the \ear 1890, the officers elected were: president, Gustave Piche; vice-president, Fred. Hughes ; treasurer, R. B. Hutchison ; directors, James Croil, K. Dumaresq, George Browne, William Waugh and I''. S. Cote. Membership, two thousand one hundred and eight) ; income, $26,384.25 ; expenditure, $15,354.48 ; surplus for the year, $11,029.77 ; grand surplus, $92,132.80. Again the number of deaths were larger than usual, being seventeen, and the benefits paid out amounted to $10,800, notwithstanding which fact it was decided to increase the mortuary benefits, the maximum payment being fixed at $1,200. It was during this Near that, at the earnest solicitation of the 'I'ravellers' Protective Association of America, it was decided to send a delegate from the Association in the person ot Mr. H. W. Wadsworth, the secretary, to the Con- vention of the Travellers' Protective Association, which was held at l^enver, Col., in June. Mr. Wadsworth was most cordiall) received, and man\ marked atten- tions were shown him. Mr. Wadsworth addressed the convention at some length, and in the course of his remarks gave the fidl historv' and manner of working the Association which he represented, together with its numerical and financial strength — facts which were listened to with a great deal of attention and surprise. b'or 1891, Fred. Hughes was elected president. Colonel O. P. Patten vice- president, and Fred. Birks treasurer. 'I'he directors were John Tavlor, R. C. Simpson, D. D. Black, Max Murdock and F. P. Benjamin. CANADA AM) HKR COMMKRCK. 73 'I'he membership was reported to be two thoiisaiul two huiuhed and fifty- one ; income, $27,721.64 ; surplus, $15,880.02 ; i^nand surplus, $108,012.82. On June 30, the Association was favored by a visit from the commercial travellers of the State of Maine. 'I'his being the first occasion of the kind, the Dominion Association secured the cordial co-operation of the Mayor and Alder- men of the City of Montreal, and extended a most hearty welcome to the visitors from the States, and there is every reason to believe that the efforts to amuse and entertain them were hi^^hly appreciated and enjoyed. Durin^ir the year the directors were called upon to deliberate upon important questions in connection with railway concessions, and in the settlement of the points involved they were cordially assisted by the members of the Board of I'rade. The president elected for 1892 was Fred. Hu^^hes ; vice-president, R. C. Simpson ; treasurer, Fred. Birks ; directors, Alfred lilliolt, Jas. L. Gardner, John 1<:. \Vri,irht, R. G. Stokes and Charles Gurd. The roll of members was now reported to count up two thousand three hundred and forty-nine. The income for the year was $29,544. 7^ ; expenditure, $19,680.80; net ^min, $9,628.34 ; and total surplus, $1 17,628.69 The amount paid out for benefits was $15,464.72. In the course of the summer, an excursion to Portland, Me, was orj^^anized by the Association, and proved a success in every sense of the word. The com- mercial travellers of Portland and the citizens of that place ^a-nerally, tendered a public welcome, and treated the members of the part\ in the most cordial and hospitable manner possible. This year witnessed the iirjrani/ation of a benevolent fund for providing- assistance to members who mij^rht happen to be in destitute or helpless circum- stances ; rules and rej.>-ulations beinjr fi>rmulated for the j^»-overnment and distri- bution of the same. For 1893, the officers were: president, Geor^a' F. Cains; vice-president, Joseph H. Morin ; treasurer, Fred. Birks; directors, David Watson, James Armstrongs Max Murdock, l\ X. de Crrandpre. Membership, 2,394; income, $30,326.08; expenditure, $17,804.04; sur- plus, $12,370.33 ; jL,nand total surplus, $129,999.02. Another move on the p; of the Association became unavoidable this year, owinj;*- to the demolitioi. 'u' buildin/^r which they then occupied on St. 74 CANADA ANO HKK i O.M.MKRCK James Street. New and far more commiKlious quarters were secured in the Hoard ot" Trade huildiiii^, the proper furnishing of which necessitated consider- able outlay. However, the members did not object to this, as the result was a handsome suite of rooms in which they feel quite at home when in town, and which are also visited by many distinijuished strangers. The 20th annual meeting was held o\^ Saturday evening, Dec. 15th, 1H94, in the Hall of the Fraser Institute, University street. The annual reports were submitted by the Board o( Directors, which was composed of the following : David Watson, president ; Wm. McNally, vice president; Chas. Gurd, treasurer; and Messrs. Geo. H. Bishop, Jas. L. Gard- ner, John llughes, E. D. Marceau and I'. I.. Paton, directors. 'I'he report showed a net gain of 120 members over the preceding year, making a total membership of 2,314. ' ^e largest death roll in the history of the Association was reported, no less than 26 of the members having" been removed by death during the year. After paying $24, 051. ,^7 in death benefits and weekly accident indemnities, there remained ;i balance over and above working expenses of .S4,o;{,vc)i, which, added to capital account, made an aggregate of $1 ,-54,032.93. CANAOA ANP HKK I OMMKKt K. 75 MoKIN. 76 lANADA AND UKR lOMMKKtE. DOMINION COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS- MUTUAL BENEFIT SOCIETY. To thinkinj^'- Coniincrcial 'I'ravfllcis one of tlie hcsi iiiul easiest metluuls of insurance is that of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Mutual Henefit Societ). I'his Society was formed at a meetin^»^ held ;it the Windsor Hotel, Montreal, January 2nd, 1SH6, .Amonj^ those present were A. H. Hutchison, Frederick Hirks, C. K. A. Adams, Alexander Gowday, A. C Heach, W. G. Reach, John Taylor, Thomas Harries, Rohert White, J. J. Hodj^es, C Gyde, J. Croil, K. Dumaresq, A. H. McKee, 1^. Lichlenhein, C H. Cochrane, G. R. Locker. S. Woods and H. W. Wadsworth. At a subsequent meetinjjf held on Januar)- i6th, iStSfo, the following*' were appointed a provisional Board of Directors : W. Percival, John Stephens, Frederick Hirks, C. K. Adams, F. Lichtenhein, S. Woods, C. Gyde, Rohert White, J. D. Rolland, Charles Gurd, D. L. Fockerby, |{. H. Goodacre and H. W. Wadsworth. The Board was empowered to elect its own officers, and at its first meetinj^ Frederick Birks was unanimmisly chosen I'resident, C. K. Adams, Vice-President, and H. W. Wadsworth, Secrelar\- Treasurer. Mr. Birks was re-elected in 1SS7, and was succeeded by John Stephens, who occupied the chair for two successive years, and in turn was succeeded by Dr. Charles Ault, who filled the position durinij- the years i8go and iHgi. In 1.S92, Robert White was elected President by acclamation, and was succeeded in iiSg^ bv B. Reed. Fdward H. Copland was elected President in 1K94. Durinj'' the first year of this society's existence, 406 applications were passed for membership, and the roll has ij-radually increased until there are now over one thousand (1000) members in good standinj,*-. This society has for its object the payment of benefits to families, heirs or legal representatives of the deceased member. The said benefits are raised by means of assessments made on all the members of the society. This organ- CANAHA AMI IIKR lOMMKRCK. / / ization is nut o\)\\ for the lionofu of iiK'Hibors of the l")i>tiiii)ion C\>mniorcia I'ravcllors' Association, bin lor luonibors in jl;ooiI staiuliiij^'' ot" any tW' the Coni- moivial 'I'ravcllors' Associations in Canaila. Applications for nKMiibership nuist bo acconipanioil with tho sum o( one ilollar for entrance k'C, also with the amount i>f i>ne assessment of Si.io, if nniler twenty-five \ears iif ntj^c ; one ilollar anil twenty cents, if tweiitN-five years okl anil under thirty ; one dollar arid thirty-live cents, if ihirt\ \ears old and under thirty-five ; o\K' dollar and fifty cents, if thirty-five and under forty \ears ; two dollars, if forty and under tort) -five ; and two dollars and fifty cents, if fort\-five anil uniler fifty. Ke^i^ular assessments are made i^n each member on the first da\ s of l'\'bruar\', Apiil, June, Auj^ust, October and December in each and every year. Should the rej^'^ular calls or assessments not be sufficient to meet all death claims, and also keep the reserve fund up ti> the amount sufficient to pay two claims, the trustees have power to order such special assessments as may be reipiired. If the assessments yield more than is required to pay death benefits, the surplus is added to the reserve fund, makini,' assurance doubly sure. 'IMie benefits arisintj- to the heirs of deceased members are a sum not exceed- in,i| I'XH' thousand dollars. I'he Hoard of I'rustees of this society consists of the I'resident anil V^ice- President, elected annually, and a Secretary-Treasurer and ten hiembers of the society, all of whom must be resident in Montreal. I'he ten members last mentioned are elected every two years, five retirin^^ annually, the retiring trustees beinj^ elii^^ible for re-election. The Secretary-Treasurer is the only paid officer of the board. He is appointed by the trustees and his remuneration is determined upon by them. The present membership of the society is over one thousand. The averaj,»'e cost at present for ouc thousand dollars insurance is from seven dollars and sixty cents to sixteen dollars per annum, according' to the n^c at time of entry. ICvery commercial traveller in the Dominion, who is eli^^ible, should belonj^'^ to this societN', ofTerinj^ as it does a larj^je policy for a low premium with undoubted security and prompt payment. Durinj^ the year 1S93 there were only five death claims, which was very small in a society of one thousand members. In the year iSg^ the surplus in the treasury was over ten thousand dollars. Mr. H. W. Wadsworth has been Secretary-Treasurer since the organization of this society, and has most capably fulfilled the duties of his office. lANAtVN AND IIKK I O.MMKKl I). hio(;raphical skktches ( )f 1 Ml MlllllcM it I'l ll ilic- .11 H I HU!sillt'>*!S NltMl, .-11101 Otlioei -Si ,1 I K I .MlM 111 H.M- 1)1 tlio I )( >ni ii ill )i I C< II 1 1 1 1 ifc»rt.-i;i I 'l^ravi-lltTsi' As-isioei.' it i< )ii. J.AMKS A. CANT UK. J.imos Aloxaiulor Caiulio was born Juno 5th, iS^b, at Clunynioic, Mort- iaoli, Hanffshiiv, Scotland. Ho was oducateil at the school of Mortlach, and in 1S54 wont to Abordeon to learn tiie dr\- j,'-oods business. He eoninieneed work in the employment of Patrick Collie, with whom he remained in business until the death of that j^'-entleman. He then en^'-a^^ed with the firm of Pratt & Keith. He made a thorou^r-h study of the dry i^oods business in the old country, and was rej^'-arded by his employers as one of the most promisinj^- men in the trade. He was i>f an ambitious temperament, and naturall)- looked toward the New Workl as a place wherein he mi^ht have {^i-reater scope to attain the success he desired. Consequently, in 1S63, he came to Montreal. He fust entered the emplovment of William Stephen & Co., of which Geori>fo Stephen (now L.ird Mou!;t Stephen) was the senior member, b'rom 1S63 to 1X65, Mr. Cantlie travelled between Montreal and Toronto. He then became buyer for Wdliam Stephen & Co. in the Knglish market, and continued in that position until their business was sold out in 1S67. Mr. Cantlie remained in the woolen trade with George Stephen until 1H69. He then formed a co-partnership with Alexander Hwan and William Stephen. When Mr. Cantlie came to Montreal, he made the best possible connections in entraginj^in work with William Stephen & Co., Georj^^-e Stephen beinjr rej^arded as the pioneer of the Canadian woolen manu- facturinj^ industry. With the valuable experience that Mr. Cantlie had .trained when he first went to work in Scotland, and afterwards in his work with the firms mentioned in the Dominion, and with the knowledg^e i^i-ained by his beinj,'' brought in contact with the best men in the trade in Hngland, he has become one of the most influential men in the Dominion. I \\\n\ AM) III |< I HMMKUlK, 79 WILLIAM M.NALLN, So lANAOA ANO IlKR lOMMKKl E. Mr. Will. Steplioii retired from the firm in 1S76, and Mr. Ii!\van in iSqo, and then Mr. Cantlie became sole proprietor of" the business, the firm's name beinj^i- Jas. A. Cantlie & Co. As j>-eneral merchants and maiiiifactiirers' aj^-ents iii woolens and cottons, this conipaiiN does an extensive business. Mr. Cantlie represents, amoiij^ other Canadian houses, the Cobouri'' Woolen C\>. (Ltd.,) R. Gemmell & Son, Yarmouth Woolen Mills Co., \'armouth Hosiery Maniit'ac- turin^i- Co., Almonte Knittinj^'' Co. (Ltd.,) and he is the sole a^»'ent in Canada tor Harj^reave & Nusseys, woolen manufacturers, Leeds, l{n_i»"land, and tor Wm. Roslinjrton, manufacturer of plain and fancy dress " Meltons, " Mount Mill, Leeds, liiij^land. Mr. Cantlie i- Vice-President of the Cobourt,'- Woolen Co., and Mana^i-inj^*^ Director in the Almonte Knittini| Co. Mr. Cantlie's success in life has been mainly due to his own efforts. No matter what may be one's abilities, the) are not worth much imless properly applied. Mr. Cantlie has always been an earnest worker, and whatever he has undertaken he has always endeavored to develi>p in the best manner possible. He is a man of a y^reat deal o( prudence and sound judgment, and once he has made up his mind as to the proper course to pursue, he will never swerve from his purpose until the end is j>ained. He is a man of the strictest probity, and has j^ained the full confidence and esteem of his fellow-citizens. He is nvU only one of the best known men in Montreal, but has most valuable connections abnvvd, where he is held in the hi^>'liest regard. In matters pertaining to the general interests of the city, Mr. Cantlie has been always not i>nly generous in his assistance finaiiciallv, but has done still more b\ his zealous work in the promotive of such interests. His business relations h.ive made him an associate of the most distinguished men in li Dominion, and in such connections his advice has always been sought, not iMily for the soundness of his judg-iiient, but also because he is well known to be a man of exceedingly liberal views. There are no narrow prejudices harbored in the mind of Jas. A. Cantlie; on all subjects he takes a view which embraces the full circle of the horizon. In the days before there was organized a commercial travellers' association, upon the death of a traveller who left his family without means, oftentimes sub- scriptions were sought to aid such family. Considj ing th<^ importance of the commercial traveller in the community, Mr. Cantlie considered that it wasdero- g^atory to the pride of commercial travellers in general to seek any such assist- ance. ConsequenJy, he was one v>f the first who began to talk about the lANAPA \NI> IIKK (.HMMKRCE. Si n is he necessity of forniinj,' a Conimeivial Travellers' Assiviation. It was larj^^'Iy iliie to his efforts iliat the Ti^ronlo Orj»-ani/atioii was formed, lie became an in- lluential member of that associatijvv and when, in 1S75, it was determined ti> secede from that .".ssociation arui orjt»"anize a new owe, Mr. Cantlie was on^.' of the principal members in founding,' the new orji^ani/.at ion in Montreal, known as the Dominiiin Commercial Travellers" Association. The history of this j,»^reat movement is told full)' elsewhere in this history. Mr. Canllie became the second President of the Hominion Commercial Travellers' Association and has always been one of its most distiiif^'uished members, and has done his utmost to further ihe interests of the association. Were it not for the eff'orts of such men as he, such organizations, which are for the benefit of the man\', would never be founded. Mr. Cantlie is V^ice-Presidenl o( the Hoard of Trade, havini,'' been elected to that office in iSq^^. He is one of the most prominent members of the Hoard of Trade, and is, at the present writini"" (1894), servinj^ his fiUh year as a mem- ber of its council. At the time that the new Hoard of Trade building was to be erected, Mr. Cantlie was one of the most active members on the building ci>m- mittee. He has been a member of that committee since its inception. At the lime when ^^rave doubts were expressed as to whether the new Hoard of Trade buildinj,'- would be erected, Mr. Cantlie went to work and personally infused such confidence into the enterprise, and by his own convictions as to its success aroused such enthusiasm, that it was not lon^'' before the necessary capital was subscribed, and the maifnificciit buildinj^', which is one of the t^reatest beauties of the cit\, is larj^-ely the result of the work he did on the buikliny;^ committee. Since the above was witlen he was elected bv acclamation, President of the Montreal Hoanl of Tradr for iS()5. Mr. Cantlie is President of the ni>minion 'Transport Company ; a ^o\- ernor of the Mi>ntreal General lli>spital and a member of Si. Andrew's SocielN , and .m active member of St. Paul's Presbyterian Church, of which he is an elder. He is also a member of the St. James and the l''ish and dame Clubs. Mr. Cantlie married. May loth, i.Sb(), Lieonora Simpsi>n Stephen, a sister of Lord Mount Stephen, and cousin of Sir Donald Smith. Of this marriaj^e four sons and one daughter survive, 82 l ANADA ANP IIKK lO.MMKKl GIOORGI': LIC.IITALL CAINS. Mr. Gooi-jLfo Ijjrhtall Cains, of S. Greonshiekls, Son & Co., is a native Canadian, having,'" boon horn in tiiis country in 1S37. Ho was otiiicatoil in Montreal and tinall)' settleil in that oity in 1S73, Ho ooninioncod his conimor- cial career in i«^75 when ho ontoroil the service ot S, Greenshields, Son & Co., of which his brother, Mr. John L. Cains, was then a partner. Mr. Cioorji^o L. Cains has remained with the linn ever since, and was ad- mitted as a partner in iSqi. l-'or a number ot years he represented this house in the Lower Provinces, and b\- his onortf\- and business abilit)' he succeeded in materially oxtondini,'' their trade and establishinv,'' it on a sure and sound t'ootinj^. Hurinj."^ the past few years he has attended chiefly to the buying of the Canadian ji^oods, the home manufactiired products havin_i| become a very important branch in the business of the firm. In this lino Mr. Cains is a thiiroui^hly recognized e.xport. With the ostablishinj^'' of so many cotton anil woolen mills in Canada duriui^" the past few years, many linos of ^oo{\s are manufactured here that hitherto had to be impi>rtOil. The loni,^ experience Mr. Cains has hail in home manufactures has rendered his services of especial value to the firm. Wk: was President of the Hominion Commercial Travollors' Association for iSq^^, his election by a larj^a* majiirity for this post of honor siicwing his piipularit) with his late confri-rcs on the road. lie is a Pin-clor of the Pominion Blanket and h'ibro Company, and has li'nj^" been prominontl)' connected with the .MiMitroal .Amateur .Athletic .Association. .Mr. Cains has boon a member of the Hoard of Trade since 1SK7. In .social life ho is also a jreneral favorite, and in all charitable movements he is ever prominent. IMVin VVATSO.X. Oavid Watson, President of the Dominion Commercial Travellers .Asso- ciation, was born in Vrbroath, Forfarshne, Scotland, in 1S42. He was appren- ticed in his native town to a druj,»'j.,'"ist named GeorjLfo Shield, a mend>er of the Pharmaceutical Association of Great Britain. It was there that Mr. Watson bej^Mu the stud\ of the profession which ho was to make his life work, and in which, in a new land, ho was to win distinctii>n and honor. Earnest in pur- pose and untirinj^'-ly porsovorinj.,'^ in application to stud\-, Haviil Watson, earl)- CANADA AM) IIKK H>.MMi;Kl K «3 IKi:i) HIKK- 84 CANADA AND HICK COMMKKC K. ill life, evinced those fiaits of character, which are a heritaj^^e valiial>le beyoiul price, ami which, w hen full) ilevelopcd, crown w ith success the efforts of the self-made man. David Watson is pre-eminenti)' a self-made man. The posi- tion which he occupies in the Hominion ti>-day is far reachini^ in its inlluence beyond the immediate circle of his own profession. It is the inlluence of the example of what a man may accomplish, unaided except by his own efforts, with the reserve power of ^acat force of character and indomitable ener^'^y. Mr. Watson had served only Jiree years of his apprenticeship, when his family determined to come to Canada. Durinj,"^ this time his ability !iad been recoj^ni/ed in that he was placed in charj^e in the dispensinj^^ of all pivscriptions for the hospital in Arbroath, which ^Mve him a most valuable experience. On leavinj^- the old country, he was ji^'^iven recommendations from the best medical authorities in Forfarshire. A brother of Mr. David Watson's had settled in Montreal, and had pre- pared a home for the rest of the famil) . Ou the jomney here in 1S57, one of those ill-fated accidents occurred, which are calamities to the community and i^^riefs to the individual which leave their deep impress for life. In the menu>r- able and lamentable loss by fire of the steamer " Montreal, " ou its journey fri>m Ouebec to Montreal, Mr. Watsons mother and twn sisters perished. He him- self, his father and sister were saved. Shortly after his arrival here, Mr. Watson secured a situatii>n with the late Dr. W. I'!. Hownian, durinj^'' whose studies he had entire charj^e of the business. lie left that position lo take one with Carter, Kerry iSc Co., in alH>ui iS()o. He had no capital, but he had that which was worth its weij^'^bt in ^o]{.\, ability and experience rij^-hll)' applied, and ambition never satisfied with ordinarx success, but alwa\s seekinij for hij^hor results. With such qualities a man tloes not remain an empKnee, but soon has a directinji»^ inlluence ami a tTuidintf hand in the manaj^^oment of affairs, and be became a partner in 1H73, the fnin beinj^,'- chanj^^ed to Kerry, Watson ^ Co. Mr. Watson is a member of the Pharma- ceutical Association of the IVovince of Ouebec. He is, and has been for seven years, President of the Ci>llej,a* of Pharmacy, and befi>re the foundinj^*^ of the collej^'^e, was o\m: of the subscribers to the first course of lectures on Chemistry and Materia Medica under the auspices of the above Association. Durinj^"^ his ailministratii>n, a buildinj^'^ has been purchased and one of the best equipped collej^a's in the Donnnion established. I CANADA ANO IIEK iOMMKRcK S: For seventeen years Mr. Watson has been a member of the nominion Com- mercial Travellers' Association. In this powerful ortfani/ation he was soon rect\^^ni/eil as a leatlin_i>' spirit. He served on numerous committees, particu- larly, for about five years, ou that pertaininj^'' to educational matters. He served in the Board of l^irectors, and had many times been requested to become the President. In Januar), i h!Q.^, he consented to be elevated to the chair. Mr. Watson has been for many Nears a member of the Hoard of Trade. He is a man of domestic habits, and prefers the seclusion of home life and the amenities of social duties and pleasures. J. H. MOKIX. J. H. Morin was born November iith, 1S55, at Deschambault, Ouebec. He came lo Montreal in 1S60, where he cntereil the Commercial CoIJej^'c in iS6^^. In 1S72 he enj4'ajL,''ed in business with k. C. Jamieson & Co., and has been connecteil with that firm for over twenty-twi> years, and has travelled for iluin e\er since, havinj^ covered the road from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Mr. Morin belonj^>^s to one oH the oldest families in Lower Canada ; a member of this famil) came over from l-'rance on the fust vessel that crossed early in the seventeen»h centur\ and settled at Port Royal, wow called Annapolis. Mr. Mtirin has been vers successful in business and owns considerable propert\ in Montreal. He is owi: o( the oldest members of the l')ominion Commercial Traveller's AssiK'iaiion, havim,'^ joined it at its start. He has always taken a liveK interest in its afTairs and became a director in icS^i ami vice president in WILLIAM MiNALLV. William Mc.Xally, who was elected Vice-President of the Association in December, iSq;^, was born in Montreal on June 22nd, rtton. I le succeeded Craw ford & Co. in business, and later sold out and entered the firm of Beldinj^'', Paul & Co., this was in about 1S73. Me has been travellini,'^ for about twenty years, cover- ing the entire Dominion, lie fust was head salesman with iieldini,>-, I*aul ^ Co., and at the cni\ of five \ears was admitted as partner in the concern. He manaj^a's the entire business with Mr. i'aul as senii>r partner. Mr. Birks has had occasion ti^ jljo abroad several times in connection with his business. He is rcjLjarded as bein^ i>ne of tiie best informed men in the work in which he is eni,''ai,''ed. lie was the fn-st President of the I')iiminii>n Ci>mmercial 'I'ravellers' Mutual l^enefit Society, ile has al\\a\s been re^nirded as one of the most valued membei's of the IX>minii> » Commercial 'I'ravellers' .Association, of which he was 'I'reasurer in 189,^ CilARIJ'S C.l'RD. The 'I'reasiu'er of the Association, Charles Gurd, is the sole member of the lar^^e and celebrated firm of Charles Gurd & Co., tjinj^aM' ale and soda water manufacturers, \^ hose reputation for aerated beveraj^'^es and medicated waters is almost universal. His education was imparted to him at C. P. Watson's Com- mercial School, anil afterwards at the Montreal Hij^-h School. At the atfe of fourteen he commenced his business career in the chemical and druj^^ business, in which line he travelled in Western Canada for a number of years. I'"or the past twenty-eij^ht years, however, he has devoted his attention to the business of which he is at present the proprietor and the active mana_i,a'r. His know- ledjjfc of chemistiN', acquired while in that line of business, supplemented as it ii wmmt lANADA AM) II|;|< v OMMKRiK, «7 (■|IAIIlci;o wlion he was a yoiinj,'' man, has hoon o\ invahiablc service to him in the luamitaetiire of mineral water. I le takes an aeti\e interest in all o\' Montreal's leailinjL,*^ charities, heini; a life j^Mvernor of both the Cieneral Hospital ami the Protestant Hospital t"i>r the Insane. He is vice presiilent o\ the Travellers' Mutual Henelit Si»ciet\ , auil has been a prominent member of the Montreal Moanl i»f TraJ.e fi»r a number i>t years. H. W. VVADSWOKIH. Mr. II. W. Wailsworth, the elTicient ami cixuteous secretary of the Assi>- ciation, was born in liiirlinjtfton, \'t.. on ist Ma\, 1S47 ; his parents bein^ l*!n}i,f|ish by birth his jrramlfather, the late John Wells, architect, in his lifetime beinjy one of the best known men in Montreal. .Mr. Wailsworth ma\- ver\ justl\ claim ti> have been one oi the pioneer commercial travellers. His lirst tri|">i>n the roail was made in the interests o\' the firm oi .Muiulerloh iS: Steencken, importers of German ilry j^nuuls, etc., in which position he t,Mineil a practical knowletli>'e o\ the life of a class with which he was snbsej.|uentl\ to beciMiie so closely cim- nected. I le remaineil w ith the (irm mentioneil until il went into licjuiilatiim, ami then accepted an important position with the .National ICxpress C\>mpan\, which he held for a number o( \ears. In iSS^^, the secrelarNship ot the /\sso- ciation bein_i«' about lo beci>me vacant, Mr. Wadsworth maile application for the position, and was selected fri>m amonj^'' thirtN-seven other camliilates, he beini; provideil with the most llatterinj^^ testimonials, and the act oi' the In^aril o( directors then has been nmre ami more justified evers- year since. Mr. Wails- worth is an ideal secretarv, hard-workinj^j and careful, always at his accustoiued post, alTable and courteous to the members and the jiublic. The amount i>f work pertaininj4 to the position is ver\- i,^reat not i>nly at the bej^'innini^;' o\ the Near, when membership certificates are renewed but all the year throuj^h. The secretarN , however, is ever ready to respond io the demands made upon him. How well he has performed the duties oii his position, none know better than the members of the Association themselves. MAX MlKnOCK. One of the most influential members of the Poniinion Commercial Travel- lers' Associatii>n is Maxwell Murdock, w lu> was born in Pictou, Nova SciUia. l.\N.\l>\ wn III K I i>.M.Mi;i IIKR I i>.M.Mi;latl, Picti^n. He is 111" SciUtish paroiilaj^'o, ami has many of tho excellent traits of character which have niaJe that race st> prominent in the colonization of America, lie ^M'ailuateil from the Acailemx at I'ictou, one of the most celehrated educational institutions in the nominii^n. I'Vom this Academy st>me of the most ilistin- jL^uisheil men i>f" the l")i»minion have j^raJuatecl. Ami>njL,'' them Sir William Hawson, recently Principal of McCiill Collej^a*, Montreal, and Cieorj^>^e M. Cirant, D. n., Principal i>l" Oueen's Ci^llej^e, Kinjjston, Ontario. Mr. .\lurdock spent a few N'ears of commercial life in his native place, and then came to Montreal in 1SS7. He identified himself w ith the lu>use of James C\>ristine & Co., owe of the Iarj4^est hi>uses in the hat, cap and fur trade, as traveller, anil has since remained with them, wi>rkini> principally in Nova Scotia and Western Ontarii>, and has been hij^i^hly successful. This is due not ivily to the excellent manner in which he ci>nducts his wi>rk and to his nuist valuable business experience, but is aho to be attributed to the kindness and tjenialit) of his disposition. I le is a man w ho makes friends everywhere and has established a very larj^i'e trade, and he not only holds his customers but is constantly increasinj;" the CiUinections of the house for which he travels. His many \ears of travellinj^ have made him an excellent jud^i'e of character. He is broad-minded and ver\ liberal in his views, and having'' excellent judj^'^ment is rarely mistaken in his estimate of men. While exercisinj^'- prudence in business relations, he, at the same time, never hesitates to adopt new methods when he sees they will fiu'ther the interests of business. These are characteristics which are essential to the hii,'hesl success to be j^ai ned in the onerous duties of a commercial traveller. With Mr. Mur- dock's experience and with the valuable connections that he has established should he ever start in business for himself, there is ever\ reasoi) to believe that he will become eminently successful. Mr. Murdock joined the Hominion Commercial Travellers' AssiKiatii>n in 187S, and has been elected three successive terms on the boaril i>f directors, servinj^ his fifth consecutive year at p"'.'sent writinj^j ( 1894). He is the senior member of the board, and one of its most earnest and zealous workers. Since he first became a member of the organization, and especially since he has been a member of the board of directors, Mr. Murdock has always done his utmost to promote the welfare of the Asst)ciation. There has been no movement of an important character to which he has not contributed at least his share of work. lANAMX WD IIIK I i^.MMKKl K. ()I l. \IA\. \irUIMK K ^y..^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 I^IM IIIII21 ■^ 1^ 1112.2 ^ lis IIIII2.C 1.4 1.6 V] vQ ^^ :>> ->v^./- ^ /^, <^ '/ P.x f w^ w- h> 92 CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. And he has done this with an intellig-ence and directness of purpose which have been instrumental in the accomphshment of much j^ood to the Association. One thini^"" directly due to his efforts was the consummation of arrani^ements with three railroads in Nova Scotia the Windsor & Annapolis, the Western Counties and the Nova Scotia Central, by which very much better rates and accommodation were obtained for commercial travellers. The commodious and elegant rooms of the Dominion Commercial Travellers in the new Board of Trade building were planned by Mr. Murdock, and in their general arrange- ment as regards convenience and at the same time artistic effect, they could not be improved upon. At the meetings of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association, Mr. Murdock's influence and advice are held in the highest esteem, as he is thoroughly acquainted wiih the history and the laws of the Association. He always has the courage of his convictions, and never hesitates to say and to do what he regards as being to the best interests of the Association. JAMES ARMSTRONG. James Armstrong, by reason of his sound common sense and practical manner of dealing with the affairs of this life, whether in commercial life or in the social circle, has succeeded in making a position for himself such as is at- tained by few who had even more opportunities of advancement than he. Mr. Armstrong was born at Airdrie, Scotland, in the month of February, 1854. His father, John Armstrong, was a native of the County of Armagh, Ireland, and when young Armstrong was but a child, emigrated to Canada. James received his education in Montreal, but left school at the age of fourteen to enter the boot and shoe business, in which, altogether, he has been engaged for a period of twenty-five years. For eight of those twenty-five he was in the employ of Messrs. Donovan & Williams ; one with Mr. Geo. T. Slater, and during the past sixteen with Messrs. Cochrane, Cassils & Co. For nineteen of those years he has been travelling on the road, and is thoroughly appreciated by his numerous patrons, who are scattered all over the Dominion. He was married in 1887, and now has two sons. CANADA AND HKR COMMKKCK. 93 .4 J AMDS AKMSTKOXd. 94 CANADA AND HKR COMMERCE. FRS. X. D. DK GRAN DPR H. A g'cntleman of undoubted integrity, well informed on all those subjects which ^o to make up the successful man of business, one who has travelled extensively and profited thereby, a staunch friend, whole-souled and heart — such is the estimate which those who know P'rs. X. D. de Grandpre place upon him. Mr. de Grandpre was born at Berthier on December 29, 1861 ; he studied at the Berthier Academy, and subsequently entered St. Catherine's College, Montreal, from which institution he graduated when he had attained his eighteenth year. Then he entered the employ of L. Tranchemontagne at Ber- thier, and became connected with the firm of Caverhill & Kissock of Montreal eleven years ago, having been on the road for them ever since. For this con- cern he has travelled extensively in Europe, visiting Elngland, France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, etc. In social circles he is well-known and liked ; he is married and has two charming children. The only club of which he is a member is the Cercle Saint- Denis. lie was elected a member of the directorate of the Association in 1893. ) \ MAURICK E. DAVIS. The subject o( this sketch is the son of Mr. S. Davis, of Montreal, the founder of the firm of " S. Davis & Sons," the largest cigar manufacturers in Canada. Mr. I^avis was born on the 25th day of March, 1863, and at the age of fifteen started on the road, in which sphere he remained until the year 1888. Being an apt scholar he rapidly became throughly conversant with all the details of his business, and to-day there is no better posted man in the cigar business in Canada. He knows the country from Halifax to British Columbia, and consequently is one of the best known and best informed travellers in Canada. He has also travelled extensively in Europe. For a number of years he has been manager for the firm of S. Davis & Sons, and the present prominence of that firm is in no slight degree attributable to his able management. CANADA AND HKK I OMMKRCK. 95 V. \. I). DK (iKANDI'KK 96 CANADA AM) IIKR COM.MKRl'K. He is also a member of the firm of D. Ritchie & Co., cii^-arelte and tobacco manufacturers. Mr. Davis is an active member of the Montreal Board of Trade, and a director of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association. ALFRED KLLIOTT. Alfred Klliott was born in Montreal, August i6th, 1845. His first position, after leaving Dutton's Academy in 1861, was with W. & R. Muir's wholesale dry goods establishment, in which place he remained for twelve years, when that house went out of business. The next position was with Wm. McLaren, wholesale boots and shoes, for whom he travelled, when he was offered the same position in the same business with the late firm of Smardon & Young, at a very much larger salary, and which he accepted. Mr. Elliott thought he would prefer his old business, and so next engaged with the firm of S. Greenshields, Son & Co., but on account of poor health had to give up travelling on the road. From 1880 to 1885 he was engaged in the employ of J. G. McKenzie, whole- lesale dry goods, and during this time he remained home. He then engaged with H. A. Nelson & Son, the largest wholesale fancy goods house in the Dominion, where he has been employed as a traveller up to the present time. As a traveller he has been very successful, and has very large business con- nections on the Grand Trunk Railway, east of Kingston, and on the upper and lower Ottawa, which grounds he has travelled at different times for the past twenty years. The value of his services as a member of the Dominion Commercial Tra- vellers' Association were acknowledged in his having been on the Board of Directors for two terms, and, in 1893, he was a candidate for the vice-presidency. JAMES LAVENS GARDNER. James Lavens Gardner's claim to distinction in the city of Montreal is due not alone to his connection with the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Asso- ciation as a member of the Board of Directors, although he considers that honor CANADA AMI UKR fO.MMKRCi:. 97 :^^ \ MAUKICK K DAVIS, 7* 98 tANAPA AM) IIKK fO.MMKKl K enough in one way. Ho is a Ic.alor in all aiiiatoiir ;itlilctic sports, ami his circle of friciuls and acquaintances in that direction may he ninnhereil hy the thoiisaiul. He was born at Montreal ou November 15, iS^b, ami attended the Hii,"")! School up to the ag-e of fifteen. He then bej^an to work for his father, Mr. John Gardner, the well-kmnvn dealer in drui»-s ; leaving his father he next en- tered the employ of H. Sn^-den l^vans & Co., but fourteen years atfo became connected with his present employers Messrs. Tellier, Rothwell & Co. Mr. Gardner has been prominently connected with the Montreal Athletic Association as a director and in other capacities for a number of \ears ; he is vice-president of the Montreal Lacrosse Club, the Montreal Sno\>- Shoe Club; he has also been a member of the Victoria Rifles for fifteen years, and for the last three has acted as Serj^eant-Major ; then, too, he is a director in the Victoria Armory Association. JOHN H. WRIGHT. Oi\{; of the prominent members of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association is John Hdward Wrii»'ht. He was horn September 6th, 1S54, at Borford, Stanstead County, Quebec. He is of li^nj^dish parenta^q-e. He came to Montreal to live when quite youni^>^, and was educated in the British and Canadian school of that city. He first started in business witii Sutherland, Lindsay & Co., with whom he remained about ten years. He travelled for this company mostly in the lower provinces. He then went to work for Mark Fisher, Sons & Co., and for John Fisher, with whom he remained about two years. He next accepted a position with Douall & Gibson, wholesale clothiers, whom he now represents. He travels mostly in the St. Johns River District, New Brunswick, in the Eastern Townships of the Province of Quebec, and in the Ottawa Valley up to Sault Ste-Marie. Mr. Wright is an experienced business man, and has succeeded in establishiiii'' exceed ini;>'ly valuable business con- nections. He joined the Commercial Travellers' Association in 1882. He became a member of the Board of I^irectors in 1891, and served in that capacity for two years. In a)1 measures tending towards the welfare and promotion of the Asso- ciation, Mr. Wriijht has always been among- the first to do his share of the work. - ifTTT'-Tir^" ' "f" lANAIVX \.\H IIKU lil.MMKKcK. 99 v •vN AI.FKKI) KI.LIOTr. 166 cAl^AiU AND riKR COMMERCl-i. ROBHRT G. STOKHS. Robert G. Stokes was born in Oxfordshire, I{nt»-lantl, March ^rd, 1H47. At fourteen years of atje he en^a_i>"ed in the wholesale dry goods business, whieh branch he followed in London for about twenty years. The principal house he was with was that of John Howell & Co., St. Paul's Churchyard. He then went to the West Indies, where he was entfai>-ed for himself in the general nier- chfindise business for about four years. Then he came to Montreal, and for about two and a half years was in the employ of Sutherland, Lindsay & Co., and when they dissolved he engaged with James Johnston & Co., with whom he has been for 'he past eleven years. Mr. Stokes in his travels covers the territory of the Tttawa Valley. He is one of the most popular members of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association, and was a member of the Board of Directors in 1893. KDOUARD DLSlRi: MARCI<:AU. For a comparatively young man this gentleman has certainly achieved a larger measure of success than falls to the lot of the great majority of commer- cial travellers. His father was M. Damase Marceau, while his mother's maiden name was Genevieve Bertrand. They resided at St. Michel de Bellechasse, where young Marceau was born on December S, 1H5S. He received his education at the Commercial College of Montmagny, P.O., which institution he left when six- teen years of age. He immediately began to work for P. H. Grandbois, who was a lumber merchant and also kept a general store at St. Casimir, near Three Rivers. He remained there for four years, and then accepted a position to represent T. F*aradis, of Levis, at St. Pierre and Newfoundland. His next venture was with Messrs. Reid, Murdock & Fisher, wholesale grocers of Chi- cago, for whom he travelled in the West until 1886. While there he joined the First Regiment of the Illinois National Guard, He is now with Messrs. L. Chaput, Fils & Cie, of Montreal, with which firm he has now been for a period of eight years. He married, in 1889, Miss Emma St. Denis, daughter of the oldest partner of the firm for whom he is now travelling. Four children have been the result of that marriage, bu none are now living. CANADA AND IIKR COMMKRC lOI 11 SIX- who Three Ion to next If Chi- ;d the rs. L. )eriod 1. I.. CARDNKK. Iirtner result 102 CANADA AND IIKK t OMMKRlK. ilii I ,li!i JOHN IIUGIIKS. John 'I". A. Uu,ij"hes, who was elected a director of the Association h\' a lart>fe majority in if^g^, is a native of Weedon, where he was born in the )ear 1853. He received his education at 'I'hree Rivers' Collet»'e, and removed to Montreal when he was in his twentieth year. It was not until iSHo, however, that he entered upon his career as a commercial travellei* with the lirm of Kirke, Lockerby & Co., wholesale j^rocers. Me remained with the concern in question until 1S85, when he became a member of the house of Caverhill, llu^jhes ^ Co., with which he is connected at the present time. Mr. Hu_t>-hes is well liked amontj' his associate members, and is rej^arded as .'I sterling business man in every sense of the word, and his advice has proveil il'reatly beneficial to the Association on more occasions than one. THOMAS LAIRI) PAION. In dealing with the risini>- youn*^ men of Montreal we must not overlook the name of Thomas Laird Paton, who was born in that city on the 30th day of September, 1855. At an early age he was sent to school, and improved his time while there so well that at the aye of sixteen he had completed his technical education, and laid the foundation for a successful business career. He first entered the firm of Robert Stephen & Co., and thoroui^hl}- gained the confidence and esteem of that firm. Beini,'' a man of affable manners and genial disposition, it was not long" before he was induced to go on the road, where his successes followed him. A travellinq' experience of eight years has made him a man who thoroug^hly knows the trade, and his opinion to-day is eag'erly sought after by business men all over the country. He has ever taken a keen interest in all athletic sports, and his kindly dis- position, coupled with his ready manner of making staunch friends, has forced him to accept offices which occupies considerable of his time; however, he never grumbles at his self-sacrifice in the interest of those sports which tend to make a healthy and vigorous body of men. His popularity extends all over the Dominion of Canada, as is evidenced by his being elected to the presidency of the Amateur Athletic Association of Canada, and the vice-presidency of the li \ lANADA ANI> HKk i OMMKRlK. 103 lOlIN K. WKKillT. (o4 i\\\iv\ \M> lii:U ii>MMi':Uil' Ainalom- Sk.Uiiii^ .Assucialion of C'.ni.iila ; Init Montival is not proiir lo I'ori^vl him a ul ho is iun\ pivsiiloni ol thi- Montival Aniatoiir Alhlctio .AssiviativM). I lo is a hlo nionihor of tho ^.'aloiU>nian Si>oioty, a niomhor o\' St. Aiulrow's St)- oiot\, Koyal St. l.awroiKo N'aolil C'hih ami tho Hoaril ol" Ti ;ulo, aiul List, hut not loast, ho is a ilirootir o\ tho l\>minion (.\>innioivial 'i'lavollors' .AssooiatitMi. In siH'ial lilo ho is a nnivorsal l'avi>iito, hnt it was iu>t until .April ^\ol\\, \Sq;\, thai ho ilooiiioil lo laUo nnto hinisoll a lilo p.ntnor. Iwo ohililron i^iaoo his lunisolu>KI, whom wo trust will ho as ijioat a ta\<>rito as his lathoi'. r-iiour.!-: ii. n isii or. (.loors^o II. Hislu'p was horn in Hathurst, \ow Hrunswiok, in 1N32. Ilis latluM", Pr. Samuol Hishop, was ono ol tho Inst sotllois in that plaoo, havinj^ hoon sont thoio hy tho No\a SovMian s^i>\ornmont ilnrinq tho ship loxor, aiul ho liUoil it so woll that ho oamo to tho oonchision that ho wouKI li\o thoio. Mf. (.loors^o II. Hishop oamo to Mi>ntroal ahont twont\ yoars aj^i> ami wont intvi tho ompioN ol Ciault \hos. i\ (."o., with whom ho lomainovl ahont liltoon \oais. llo is now piaotioallv in husinoss lof himsoll, loprosontinj^ somo ol tho lai\nost I'JivjIish housos, amonj^ othois, Mossrs. Sykos iS: nvuislioUl, Wiiollon Manufaoturois, Looils ; Ci. ,\. Ji>nos \ L\>., I.inini^ Maiuilaotuiois, HraiiroiJ ; Homy Matior iS: ^'0., I.imitoil, l.inon Manufaotuivis, Holfast, liolaiul; ami IlilKS: Sons, oolohiatoil Irish I wooils ami h'lio/.os, Dnhlin. W'hilo with C'lanll Hivis., Mi-. nislu>p's tiavols oo\oroil tho Maritimo Pio- \inoos, hut uow ho tjoos o\\\\ to tho loailint;" oitios, oovoiint; onl\ tho wholosalo tiaiio. Ilis husinoss also takes him ahroail. M f. Hisho|"> hooaino a momhoi" ol tho nominii>n d>mmoivial Tiavollois' .Assooiation ahont twonty \oais at;i>, ami has always takon an intoiost in oxoiythinj^ apportainin^; to tho woliaio of tho .AssiK'iation. In 1 Si)4, ho hooamo a momhof ol tho Moaril ol Pin'oti^is. s. w. i:\viNr.. Tho namo ol Mwinij has, lor moro than lilty yoars, hoon ooniioctod with tho oolToo ami spioo husinoss of tho oit\ ol IVIontroal. Mi". S. W. I'lwinj^'s }.^raiul- lathor was an Irish gonlloman who oamo to this oountr\ in tho oarly lortios ami I \\\h\ \\n iii'K I v>MMiui'l:. «o5 IS IIUl \o- .iK' ol" iiui llio lK» K c. sroKiis. ul io6 CANAPA AND HIvR COMMKUC'K. at once settled in Canada, and soon after founded the firm of S. iMvinj^ & Soin which business in a few year.-> developed into that of S. H. & A. S. I'^winir. The subject of this sketch is the son of S. H. Kwintf, and was born in Montreal in 1S62. He was educated at the Hiyh School, and entered upon business life in i, the Junior Conservative Club, Montreal, the Numismatic and Antiquarian Societies, Natural Histor\- Societ\', and many other or_t,^lni/.ations ol a like nature. He was married, in 1S91, to Miss l-lthel R. Vickers, dauj^i-hter of J. J.X'ickers, the founder of Vickers" l^xpress, Toronto. ALP. pri':fontainh, n.c.L., M.1\ It has not fallen to the lot of man\- citizens of Montreal to attain so pro- minent a positictn in the very foremost rank as the subject of the present sketch, Alderman Rayim^nd b'ournier Pr'^fontaine, M.P. for Chambly. He is a descend- ant of one of the oldest and most honorable families in the Province of Quebec, his ancestors havin.i^ settled here in i6f Stanislas Bousquet, a contractor of the same place. At a ver\- early aj^-e yonn^' Bousqiiet was placed at the Collei^e of Lont^ueuil, an institution under the direction of the Brotherhood of St. Viateur, who instilled into the pupils' minds instructii>n of a very practical nature. The course was semi-classical ami semi-commercial, thus combining the best elements of both of these admirable methods of tuition. Mathematics were triven marked prominence, and the professor in change of this branch of study was one of the best in the relii;"ious order. It was ver\' quickly seen that young Bousquet possessed an aptitude in a degree far above the ordinary for mathematics, and consequent!)' he awakened a special attention in his professor, who did everything that was possible to give his pupil a most thorough education in the science of figures, and to this largelx' is due the dis- tinguished position which Mr. Bousquet to-day occupies in the world of finance. However, even at an early age, Mr. Bousquet showed that he possessed abilities that denoted a great diversity of talent, as was shown by the numerous prizes received at the examinations at the end of the scholastic year, and during the time he was at college he nearly always received the first prize. At sixteen years of age he entered upon his business career. Duriiig three years he was connected with a grocery house of Montreal in the position of book- keeper, and he left this to enter the Banque du Peuple, of which he is to-day the manager, after having passed through all the different positions of the bank. It was natural that the young mathematician of the college should arrive at his present distinguished position, and to-day Mr. Bousquet has lost no love for his favorite study, but still derives much pleasure from this science in addition t ■ 1 < \.\.\n\ .\M> iii.K I O.MMKKi K. I I li. II. liisHor, "4 lANAHA ANH IIKK COMM ICIU K. :h tiiiK" each ila\ to the stiidv of political economy, to which he tleviHes as imicl as his onerous duties at the head of the bank will allow. The career o( Mr. l?ousi|uet is one of the lirii,'-htesi ornaments to the French-Canadians, and he is a man of wIumu much will he expected of in the future. He is ouk; of the most popular men in Montreal, which is larj^ely due to his sympathetic natuie. Me is g-enerous and open-hearted, and takes much interest in matters of puhlic importance. The last report of the Hanque du Peuple shows that this insiitutiiMi shows very great proi^ression, which certainly does honor to its mana^aM", wliose reports of each year draw a s^M-eat deal of puhlic attention. Mr. Bousquet is vice-president of the l^iuitahle Savim^s Loan and I^uild- inj^- Society, a member of the executive council of the Bankers' Association, a director of the Montreal Park & Island Railway, j>-over nor of Notre Hame Hos- pital, a life member of the Quebec Rifle Association, and a member of the St. James and City Clubs. K. II. COPLANP. lulward Hunter Copland, president of the nominion Commercial Tra- vellers' Mutual Benefu Society, is one of the old mendiers of the Pominion Commercial Travellers" Association, bavins^- become a member in the year iS;^). He was born at Stirlinj^'-, Scotland, May iitb, 1S40, and was educated in Stirlinj^, where he passed his early years, and finished his studies at t.^^ hii^^h school in Glasg^ow. He had no desire to enter the collei,'"e, and first started in commercial life serving an apprenticeship to the shippin<^ business in GIasi»-ow for four years with T. C. Orr, at that time the rival of the Allans in the Canadian shipping business. This was in 1S53. Mr, Copland left Scotland in iS3(), entering the employ of G. & D. Shaw, the agent;, of the Anchor l.ine in Montreal. As he combined the admirable qualities found in the Scotch race, prudence, foresight, sound judgment and earnestness in application to work, he did not remain long in the employment of others, but became a partner in the firms of G. & D. Shaw, Montreal, and Shaw, Copland ^ Co., New York, in 1863, and did remarkably good work with these companies for about five years. He then engaged in the importing business of coal, iron, chemicals, building stone and fire-clay goods, etc., which has since occupied his attention, and he I \N\I>A AM) |||.:k (.OMMKUcK. * "5 :%^, % •> JU s. w. i;\viN(;, 1 1() CANADA ANO IIIK lO.MMI-KlK. now ci)ntri>ls the cxtonsivo operations of llu' llini o( Coplaiul t^ Conipan\- of C'tlas^ow anil Montreal, al Montival. Tlie lak'sl hiancli oi' their hnsiness is hats anil eaps, uhieh is sicailily j^Ti^wint; luuler the supervision ol Mr. J. I'. Coplaiui, his eldest simi. Mr. Copland is a lite nieniher o\' the C\irporatii>n of the Trades House, Cilasmnv, anil Caleilonian Society, Montreal, aiul nieniher of the Hoard of 'I'rade. also of the Montreal Chess Cluh, and was i^a/etted Justiee ol the I'eace for the city and district of Montreal, April i 2th, iSyc). I le is president of the Dominion nisinfectant Co., and was one of the piinisional ilireciors of the Consumers Gas C\i., which was incorpoiateil es|iecially to j^ive cheaper and hetter i^as to the people i>f the cit)'. This was a hold undertakini^', as other CDJiipanies hail tried it and failed, hut uiilortunateK the compari\ had to ahandon their project on account of consumers refusintf to carry out their aoreenienl to taUe the t;as, be- cause the old compaiiN' proposeil to charge the same as the new. Mr. Copland has alwa)s been held in the hi^diest esteem in the Hominion Commercial Travellers' Association, and was lor about ei|L,''ht \ears honorary- secrelai)' of the lulucational trust, one of its most important branches in some respects. y\fterservin^>' as vice-president of the Dominion Commercial 'I'ravellers' Mutual Heiiellt Societ)' he was elected president in 11X94. In ele\atin!> him to the chair, the Society placeil its affairs under the supervision of a member whom it held in the hij^hest rei^ard on accoimt of his abilities and strict probits. HUGH TAIOX. Mr. Hugh Paton, manaijer and secretar}' of the Shedden Company (Ltd.,) Montreal, was born at Johnstone, Renfrewshire, Scotland, October 15th, 1852. His father, William Paton, and his mother, Mary Shedden, sister of the late John Shedden, were natives of Kilburnie. Mr. Paton was educated in the Grammar School of Paisley, Scotland, and came to Canada in 187 1, to become the private secretary of his uncle, Mr. John Shedden in Toronto, who was a prominent railwa)- contractor, having- built the Toronto and Nipissing railway, the Union Station in Toronto and other public works. Mr. Shedden was un- fortunately killed on the i6th May, 1S73, at Cannington, on the line of the Toronto and Nipissing railway. CAN A HA AM) IIIIK (.OMMDUlK. I I 111 October i)f' t ho same \oar, Mr. Paloii rcniDVcd to Montreal to hocoiue sccTctary-trcasinvr o\ ilu- coiiipaii\ which took up the Inisinoss of his late uncle under the title o\' 'i'he Sheilden Conipans ( Liiiiiteil), ^"-eneral forwarders aiul carriers, and cartaj^'e aj^^Mits tor the Grand Trunk Kailwa)- Conipan\', etc., the nianaj^-er heinj,'' Mr. 'I'honias Syniin_t,'^ton, who died on ()th Autjust, iSjg, since which time Mr. I'aton has been in full chartje. lie is the principal proprietor oi' this prominent corporatiiMi, and its ilevelopmenl is maird) duv [o his skill- ALi). K. I- i'ki:k(jntaini-: ful manag-ement, which makes him to-day one of the prominent business men of Montreal. The company does the transfer of the freig-ht of the Grand Trunk Railway Company at most of their principal stations in Canada, and has cartaj^e, col- lection and storage arrang-ements in connection with agencies in Detroit and other western points. The company employs over one thousand men and horses. Mr, Paton is a lover of out-door sports, having- been hon. -sec, -treasurer ii8 CANADA AND IIKK COMMKRC'K. of the Province of Ouebec Turf Club for four years, ami luildinj^' the same ottice in the Montreal Tandem Club for two )ears. He was also hon.-see.-treasmer of the Montreal Hunt from itS79to iSSb, and in 1SS7 was elected Master of the Hunt. He has been fortunate enoui^h on the turf to win three Oueen's plates, and one hunt cup. Mr. Paton is also a lover of at^ricultural pursuits, taUinij ijreat pleasure in superintending" the work of his farm near Montreal, where he has a beautiful country residence, in which he resides durini,^ the summer months. He has travelled a ^ood deal, having;' made several extended imns throui^h Canada, the United States and the Continenl o\' luuope. He is a man w ho deseives (he success he has attained, he is open-harided in contributing- to all public charities, or to any worth) object that is brought under his notice, and is a g-overnor of the MtMitreal Cieneral and Ni>tre Hame 1 lospitals. He was married, in 1S84, to Miss Rella Ri>bertson, daughter of tlie lale Andrew Robertson, president of the Harbour Hiiard, and during his liletine one of Montreal's most distinguished citizens. ROBHRT MirCllb:LL. The man who, throug-h his own unaided efforts, b)- sheer force of character, combined with keen intelligence and the highest intellect, carves his way upward from the foot of the ladder to the top, is t^ne who deserves the highest esteem of his fellow-men, and he stands as one oi' the examples for bright bovs in fol- lowing generations to strive their best to emulate. Such a career has been that of Robert Mitchell, one of the most disting-uished citizens of Montreal. He was born at Preston Pans, near Edinburgh, Scotland, w here he was educated. He came to Canada in 184S under engagement to Hryson & Feriier, St. Paul street, where he remained until three years later, 1H51, when he started in business for himself in St. Henri street. To-day there is no better known firm in Canada than that of Robert Mitchell ik Co., whose offices and show- rooms are now and have been for the past year located at No. S HIeur) street. These premises are most commodious, and are fitted and furnished throughout with all modern improvements. Constantly increasing- business has caused Mr. Mitchell to move to larger if^^HAKi-^n.':- CANADA AND IlKK COMMKRCE. "9 quarlers three times since he first started in business. 'rhirt)-five )ears ao\> lio removed from St. Henri street to the corner of Craii,'' and lileury streets, to the buildint^ now occupied b)' the " Daily Witness ;" these premises were retained by him until a year atjo, but of late Ncars were utilized oidy as offices, slunv rooms and stores departments, as in 1SS7 they were oblioeil to extend their manufacturing- branch, and a lar^^er factor)', where at present three hundred .1 AM). N. A. lUUTKAU. hands are employed, was built for them, at the corner of Dominion and Albert streets, St. Cunej>;'onde. They carry a very larj^e stock, and manufacture to order artistic gfas and electric lij^ht fixtures, supplies for enj^-ineers, plumbers, i^as and steamhtters, automatic fire extii\i»'uishers, brass work, etc., etc. Mr. Mitchell is hij^-hly respected not only for his business eneri>fy and force of character, but for his well-known charitable disposition. Nii one e\er ap- I20 CANADA AND HER COMMKRCK. proachetl him in relation to a really worthy object, who departed dissatisfied with his reception. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Hoard of Trade, and a life member and a j;>fovernor of the foUowinj^^ institutions : Montreal General Hospital, Western Hospital, Protestant House of Refuj^e and Verdun Insane Asylum. He is also a life member of the Mechanics' Institute, Mr. Mitchell married after coming to Canada, Six children were born o( this marriai>-e, and the eldest son, Richard Ramsay Mitchell, is associated witii his father in business. JOSHPH VOU NGH HART. Joseph Youni,»-heart, manaj^er in Canada for the lirm of Hirschel & Meyer, of London, l^^ns^land, was born in Lenczycy, Poland, in iS6i. His father, Samuel Opoczynski Vouni,>"heart, rendered distini;"uished services in the Russian Army durint'' the Russian— Turkish war, for which he was made a baronet by the Russian Government. He was Government contractor for all troops in Poland. He died suddenl}- in Cacouna, Quebec, in 1S.S6, while on a visit to his sons, Joseph, Hdwanl and Felix, all o\ whom occupy responsible positions in the Dominion. Joseph Youni>heart was educated in Russia and Germany ; he attended the universities of the former countrv for three \ ears. He came to Montreal in 18H0 and started in business with Messrs. V^ineberi,' & Co., of Montreal, wherj he remained for ten \ears, holding the responsible position of a nianag-er. He severed his connection with this company in 1S90, when he accepted the posi- tion he now holds as a manaijer for Messrs. Hirschel & Meyer, one of the larg-est fur houses in the world. Mr. Vouni»'heart is known as the kin^^ of the fur salesmen of Canada. He is a man of g^reat enterprise and of the hii^f^hest probity, which accounts for the implicit confidence placed in him b)' the house he represents and by his customers. Mr. Youn^heart is a member of the leadinj^- clubs of Montreal and of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association. In his particular Ime of busi- ness he is considered one of the best buyers in the country. Mr. Youngheart married, in iStSy, Grace, dauij-hter of William Hyman, of the long- established and well known firm of William Hyman & Sons, of Gaspe, Que. lANXnA AND IIKU I OMMKIUi:. I 2 1 / I. s, HorsiHirr. 122 CANADA ANM) UKU fOMMKRCK 1 KKSIDKNCK OF 1. S. lioUSi .H' l.T. COLIN McARTMUR. Mr. Colin McArtluir, whose iianie is famous as the first niainifacturer of wall paper in the Province of Quebec, is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, where he was born in 1835. He was etlucated at St. linoch's School, oi that cit)', and for sixteen years was associated with the firm of Wylie & Lockhead, wall paper manufacturers, a larije portion of this time being their manager. He came to Toronto, Ontario, in behalf of this firm, where he lived for four jears. In 1870 he moved to Montreal and there established his present business. His skilled labor he brought from Scotland, but all his unskilled labor belongs to Montreal. Since the foundation of his business in Montreal it has CANADA AMI IIKK CO.M.MKKCK '2.1 K. II. COI'LAND. I 24 lANAPA ANP III;K (.OMMIvKli; r -_: J IlUC.n TATON. CANADA AND HKK lOMMKKc |;. I2S ROKKKT .MITCIIF:LL. 1 26 CANAnA AMI I IKK e OMMKRCri. stoatlily increased, until now il is anion^ the foremost in this country. At all exhibitions and fairs where he has exhibited his i>-oods he has invariably taken first prizes. The exhibitions held at Antwerp, Trinidad and Jamaica may be especially mentioned, where Mr. Mcy\rthur swept everythinjL,>- before him. Vor the past six years Mr. McArthur has been a member of the Board of Trade of Montreal. In all charitable movements he is extremciv active. J. n. ROLi.Axn. To conserve j^rcat commercial interests that becomes one's responsibility, and not only to keep them in a prosperous condition, but also to a i^reat extent to develop and lari,»-ely increase them, requires abilit\ of no ordinarv deoree. Such has been the work of John Damien Rolland, who for vears has been the senior partner, and has had the manairement of the oreat business estab- lished by his father. Senator Rolland, and who has attained a success that has placed him, by merit of his own efforts, in the rank of the leadinj^ citizens of Montreal. livery man should be judged by his own actions, and by this severe test Mr. J. n. Rolland is fully deservino- of the distini^j-uished position which lie holds in the community. He was born in Montreal in 1S41. He was educated at the Christian Brothers' school, and later at the Jesuits Colleg^e, Montreal. At the early aj^e of sixteen years he started in business as a clerk in his father's oflice, but such was the rapid proirrcss made by the young- man that at the end of tun years he was admitted by his father as a partner in the firm. Duriiiir his business career Mr. Rolland has shown that he has inherited to a marked degree the strong- characteristic traits of his father; the same ambitious temperament, the same indomitable energ-y, the same powerful will to overcome any and all obstacles. He has made a thorough and practical study of his business in all its branches, believing- that the master should know all the details completely, and he is an acknowledg-ed expert in all matters appertaining- to it. To the brilliant quali- ties and intellig-ent efforts with which he has conducted the business affairs, may be larg-ely accredited the present g-reat prosperity of this house. These paper mills produce the very best grades of paper, and they are the only ones manu- facturing- tub-sized and loft-dried papers, linens, book papers, etc., e«c. lANADA AM) HKK COMMKKeK. 127 |os. \()i'N(;iii:AkT. ■-?•■■, I2S CANADA AND IIKK L O.MMKKl K. Mr. J. n. Rollaiul has done excellent work in (he service of the people. His political career has heen one of the most distinj^uished in municipal aft'airs. He represented the Hochelaj^'-a Ward for a lon^»" term of \ ears in the Cit\' Coun- cil, previous to which he had administered the duties of chief executive, as Mayor of Hochelag^a. As an instance of Mr. Rolland's public life, it may be mentioned that when COLIN McAKlllLK. in 1892 he was defeated in his own ward on some side issue. Alderman Shorey i^ave place to him by retiring'- from St. Antoine Ward in order that Alderman Rolland should retain his seat in the Council, because it was judj^fed that his services as chairman of the Finance Committee, one of the most important offices in the city council, could not be dispensed with. Mr. Rolland is a member of the Council of the Board of Trade ; he is a lANADA AM) IIKK fOMMKKlK. ] 2i) niLMiiluM- of tlio Clijimhiv de Commorcc, o( which ho is viLV-pivsiilont, .iiul was owe of tho foiiiulers oi' iho Dominion 'rravollors' Benefit Society; he is Presi- ilent of the Montreal Western Railway, ami a ilirector of the Mani|ue d'Hoche- la^'-a, ot the Manufacturers' Life Insurance Conipan\', ami president of the Ci^loni/.ation Societ)- of Montreal. lie is popular in social circles, and in all puhlic spirited matters he is exceedin_i,>^ly liheral. S. J. H. ROLLANP. Mr. S. J. H. Rollaml has, for many years, been connected with the immense business established bv his father, and has attained a success which has placed him by his own unaided efforts in the front rank of the leadin_i»- citizens and business men of Montreal, iwery man should be judi,''ed b)- his actions, and b\' this severe test Mr. Rolland has been found fully deserving- the distinguished position which he holds in the community. He is a native of Montreal, and was born there in uS^i ; his education was imparted to him at the Jesuits' College, and during the whole of his business career he has shown that he inheriteil to a remarkable degree the strong char- acteristics possessed b\' his father ; the same ambitious temperament, the same indomitable energy, and the same powerful will to overcome any and all diffi- culties which he mig-ht encounter, in i.S.Sa, he took charge of the Rolland Paper Mills at St. Jerome, I'.O., and he at once made a thorough and practical study of every branch of the business. In consequence, Mr. Rolland is an acknowledged expert in all matters pertaining- to the manufacture of paper. To the brilliant qualities and intellig-ent efforts with which he has directed the business, may be larg-ely credited the present prosperit\- of the firm. These paper mills produce the very best g-rades of paper, and they are the only ones manufacturing tub-sized and loft-dried papers, linens, book papers, etc. During^ his residence at St. Jerome, Mr. Rolland became practically the patron of the place, and as an evidence of the good work which he accomplished for the mu- nicipality and of the high esteem in which he was held, it may be stated that he filled the office of School Commissioner and also that of Mayor. In Montreal, Mr. Rolland has always been held in the hig-hest esteem by his fellow-citizens, and is deservedly popular in social circles. In all public charitable matters, as well as in private matters, he is excceding-ly liberal. '/ ' . U ■ - '30 CANADA AM) IIKK I O.MMKKlK. OCTAVIKN ROI.LAND. Mr, Octavien Rolland, brother of J. I), aiul S. J. R. Rollaiul, was burn in MoiUroal in the year 1^39. lie was eUiicatetl al the Arehanibauh Conunereial Academy, and the Montreal Collojtce. In 1H77 he commenced business as a clerk in his father's establishment, in which capacity he worked sieadils until 1883, when he was admitted as a partner, and shortly after made vice-president <> L.. I. 1). K()I,I-AM). S. I. li. KOI. I.AM). of the Rolland Paper Co. In this responsible position he has acquitted himself with marked ability, and proved himself equal to the difficulties attendinjr such an important post. In commercial circles, betakes a hig'h rank, and is now ouq of Montreal's leadini>- merchants. His energy and industry have contributed materially to the prosperity of the firm since he became connected with it. Mr. Rolland has been a member of the Board of Trade for several years, and is fol- lowing well his father's footsteps as a promoter of trucie f^nd commerce. CWAHA AND I IKK i OMMKRlK. I ■?( P. nOXATIMX F o\ Foukis tS: Iliulj^son, uiulor wliicii style it continued until 1S70, when the tiini became Hodgson, Murphy tS: Sumner, wliieh l-rm continued the business until 1S79, whei- Mr, Murphy retired, and the present firm, com|iivsed ol" Jonathan 1 r (;i:()K(;i': si'mni'.k. nods^rson, Geort,'-o Sumner, Thomas l"]. 1 Iodj>-son and James Gardner, was formed. Their extensive warehouse is Nos. ;^^'j and .^49 St. Paul street, Montreal, where they carry a very larire and varied assortment of fancy j;-oods. This firm has become well known from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and it is throuirh their strict intej^-rity and strait;^htforward business manners that thev have become one of the most prominent fii.ns in their line .if i^oods in Canada. I I A\\n\ \\n iii:k vommi-kck. K C. SlMI'Si IN. KM CANADA A\n UKR tOMMKRCE. Mr. Georire Sumner is a life member of the Dominion Commercial Travel- lers' Association, and acted as its Treasurer in the year 1S82, and as President during 188,^-84. R. C. SIMPSON. ^ There is scarcely a name that can be mentioned better, known to the dry gfoods trade in .jreneral, and to commercial travellers in particular, than that of R. C. Simpson. Born in Montreal on the i6th o( October, 1847, and receivin.ir a first-class education in our best schools, he commenced his business career by enterinir in the dry j^^oods business in 1865, with the firm of T. James Claxton tS: Co. Me remained with this firm until 1869, when he en,i>-aired with Cantlie, l<:wan & Co.. now Jas. A. Cantlie & Co., where he is still to be found. Mr. Simpson was one of the first promoters of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association, and one of its most painstaking^ and hard workino- members. He was its first secretary-treasurer, and acted as such for eii>ht years, from 1875 to 1883. The duties of this office provintr too arduous, in con- nection with his other business, he was oblijred to resiirn, but identified himself with, and furthered its interests, by acting as a director for four years, and as vice-president during the years 1888 and '89. to the entire satisfaction, not only of his confreres in office, but of every member of the D. C. T. Association. JAMHS CRANKSHAW, B.C.L. James Crankshaw, B.C.L,, advocate, Montreal, Quebec, was born July 20th, 1844, in Manchester, England. He was educated at Mayfield and St. Andrew's schools, Manchester, and McGill University, Montreal. His training was a legal one. In 1858, at the age of fourteen, he entered the law office of Vaughn & Lingard, of Manchester and Stockford, solicitors to several railways and Lord Edgerton of Tatton. He was afterward employed as a law clerk of W. C. Chew 8l Sons, solicitors, Manchester, and from 1864 to 1876 was man- ager for C. Nuttall Si Son, solicitors, Manchester, and as such during that time was connected with many important civil and criminal cases, in the Lanca- CAXADA AND HF.R I'OMMKRCK .•)D sliiiv division of the Northern Circuits. In 1S76, he came to Montreal, where he was articled lo the firm o( Kerr & Carter, harristers. He {graduated from McGill in ied in mam criminal cases. He is re_i>-arded as one of the most distini^aiished advocates in Montreal, Mr. Crankshaw is the author of the master- ly work of "The Criminal Code of Canada" published recently, a work which is rei^arded as carrxiniL,"" with it the hit^hest authorit\'. A. A, IHHML'ni^AU. lAMFS CK ANKSIIAW. li.C.I, y\monq the youni^'- business men of Mont- real, one of the most distins^'uished is Alfred A. Thibaudeau, of the firm of Thibaudeau Bros, & Co., wholesale dr\ t;oods importers. Mr. Thibaudeau was born in Quebec cit\ in 1S60, and was educated at the Quebec Hii^h School. As he wished to make a thorouj^h and practical stud\' of the business which he was about to under- take, he entered upon his duties in commercial life at the age of nineteen with the firm of which he is now the sole active partner in Montreal. This was in 1S79. After thoroui,Hily mastering- all the details of the business in this country, he removed to London, Eni>-land, in ioods of nearl\ everv description known in the dry i,'-oods trade. They have an extensive connection throujL,>-houl the Dominion. Mr. Alfred A. Thibaudeau has, for some years, been an active member of the Dry Goods Association of Montreal, and the esteem in which he is held by his associates is evinced in his havini^ been made vice-president of that corpora- tion. He was elected to the council of the Hoard of Trade in 189;,, and aj^ain re-elected in 1894. Me is also on the ctnincil of the Chandire de Commerce. The firm of Thibaudeau Hros. / years, rouiulei riiiiK'tl He is president of the Quebec Steamship Conipan}', ami one o\' its s. W'lien the I nteredloiiial Railwax' was opened in 1S76, it practically the business of the Quebec Sleamship Company on the St. Lawrence, but with that enterprise inherent in Canadians they opened up a trade between the Hernuidas .■■-'■■•■ and New York, which has proved ver\ success- tul. This Steamship Company also lartjel)' •jU ^^ controls the trade of the Windward Islands. \y ^ - y Mr. Garneau is a director in the Banque Natio- nale. In political life his career has been most distinguished, he havin_s^ been Maxitr i>t' Quebec tor the \ears iX-ji to 1N74 inclusixe. Ill IN. I'Ii;kkk a. (;\k\i;\r H. H. GARXIvXr. \i. H. Garneau, son ot Pierre Garneau, was born in the cit\- of Quebec in i«^59. He was educated at the Quebec Hii^''h School where he remaineil until fifteen years of a^fc, and was then sent to biast- mans, at Poui^hkeepsie, where he remained for a year, anil then returned to Quebec, enterinj^ the emplo\ of his father's hrm in 1S75, He was admitted as a'partner in i8 his career as a commercial traveller he worked entirel)' in that territor\ . He became a membei" of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Asscv ciation in 1^79, and has always taken a deep interest in its welfare. He advocates the estab- lishment of a readin^i,'" room in Quebec, aiu! are presentatitxi from Quebec on the Board of I^ire "tors. He is a membe'- of the Quebec Board of Trade, and was its hrst V'ice-I^resident. He is now President of that bodv. He is a member of the Union Club, and is an K. I{. CAKNl'AC. I .V^ lANAOA AM) I IKK CO.M.MKRCK. enthusiast on the subject of athletics, particularly of our national i,''ame, lacrosse. ALL1-:X HROWX. Amoiii'' the prominent members o( old standinj^' in the Dominion Com- mercial Travellers' Association is Mr. Allen Brown, partner in the firm of William Atj'new i^ Co. Mr. Brown is one of" the orii>inal members of the Association, and has alwa\s taken an acti\e and earnest interest in the welfare of the institution. He was born in County Chateaui^uay, Que., in i offers made to Mr. Brown b}' other firms, but he preferred to enter into a part- nership with Mr. Wm. Ai^^new, with whom he had been intimately acquainted for a \on^ time. Such a partnership auj.J"ured well for the success of both gentle- men in their joint enterprise. Thus far the results have fully justified the step taken. The firm, as now constituted, is becoming the best known in their special lines. Both members are most energetic business men and well adapted to their special lines of trade, which is that of high class silks and dress goods, for whicli there is a steadily increasing demand in this country . These are all imported from Hurope, and the partners in this firm are fully alive to the neces- fANADA AND IIKK lO.M.MKKCK. •39 sity of keepinj^"^ alicail o\ the limes in proviiliiijLT for iho oxi^eneies ot the iratk'. Mr. Brown has hcon rcpoatedls- re(|iiestc(.l {o accept o{}\c<: in the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association, hut lie has always heen so biis\- a man, and his duties are so multitudinous, that he fell him- self precluded from the possihilil\- of acceplint,'- office, because he would not do so without devolini,'" to it ihe necessary time to adec|ualely fulfil the duties ihal wouKI devolve upon him. Some day it is to he hoped he ma}' enjoy the leisure which he will so thorout^hly have earned, to be able to accept an office in the Association. Al.l.l'.N liROWN. ; K. BILLI\GSLl!:V. b'rederick Billiiii^'-sley, of S. Burstall 6v: Co., Quebec, Montreal and London, Hnt,>-land, has been a member of the Hominion Commercial Travellers' Association for ten \ears. He is a son of Captain John C. Billint^sley, and i>randson of Richard Billin_i>sley who, when eighteen sears of aye, came to Canada from l^ntj-land with the ^^isl Regiment in 1775, duriui^ the American Revolution. Richard Billinifsley was • " one of the defenders of Quebec when it was at- tacked b}- General Monly-oinery, and he ser\ed throuj^hout the subsequent campaii^n. On leaving the service he obtained a y-rant of land from the i^overnment and settled at Carlysle. The homestead then established is still in the possession of the family. Mr. F. Billin_tj'sle\- was born at \ew Car- Ivsle, April i6th, i(S4i. He was educated in Quebec, and entered the Burstall firm as a junior clerk in ii>S-\- ^'^^'' "^^'veral years he served as book-keeper and confidential clerk, and was admitted a partner in 1877. He completed forty years connecion with the firm on May 1st, 1S94. He hns travelled extensively in connection with the business of the firm both in W*^ v. HII.LIXCSI.l'A'. luiropo ami Anierica tor many \oars. Mc has boon manai,«-iii,y-cliivctor o\ tlu- Oiiobcc Warehouse Company, ho is ex-pivsidont of the Cui-rmj^- Clul) and ol the St. Cici>rm>-o's Sociolx of Ouohec, of wliich he is now livasinvr. For several years he was on the couneil of the Oiiebec Board of 'I'rade. ROHHRT BICKHROIKH. AnuMit^- the eili/.ens of Montreal who have been identitieil to a marked ex- tent with the promotion of her commercial interests, none stand hij^her than Mr. Robert Bickerdike. Mr. Bickerdike has been instrumental lar_i|el\- in the promotion of the interest which is of vital importance to the entire Dominion, namely, thatot live stock. Ai,»-riculture mav be termed the back bone of the nation, and when it is in a prosperous condition, all thin^-s are prosperous. Live stock is one ot the most important branches of agriculture. Mr. Bickerdike is the lar«,'-est live stock exporter in Montreal, and known as the Montreal cattle kini,'. He is a native Canadian, his birthplace beiiii^' Kingston, Ont. lie was born in 1S43. He is of l^nj^lish descent, his father beinj^- a native of N'ork, Miii^'. He received an elementars education, and when he was seventeen years of ai,'-e came to Montreal and entered upon his business career. He secured a position with a firm of pork packers, and he worked there until 1S66. He then determined that he would ^-o into business for himself, which he accordinj^-l) ilid. It was ten vears later that he decided to eni^a^-e in the live stock export trade, and he made his first shipment of cattle to Knijland. He is to-da\- one of the lar^rcst shippers in the nominion. It is larirdy due to him that the live stock interest has been developed into the important industry that it is lo-day. He has always encourai^^ed and lent a helpinj^- hand to others in the business, and has been instrumental in numerous ways ii^. assistiui^" youn.^-er men in the business. He oriranized the Dominion Abattoirs and Stock Yards Co., of which he is the manag-in.i»- director. He was also the principal factor in forming'- the Dominion Live Stock Association, in connection with which in the capacity of secretary he did a great deal of very laborious work. To his earnestness and lANADA AM) IIKU i HMMIiUC I.. 141 KoliKkl l!I( Kl.kDIKi; /ealousiiess in;i\- In- attrihiiU'il tlu- success of the association. Always lia\iiij^- at heart tlic interests oi' ^-t) j^reat an inchisti\-, ami with the ilesire ti> benefit it to the greatest pi'tssihle extent, lie loiuuled the Live Stock Insurance Co., of which he is president. Mr. Bickerdike is a man of versatile talents, and is a financier of exceedin_i,>"I\- sound jud^'^nient. He is the president of the Standard Li,!L,^ht cS: Power Co., of which he was the promoter, and has been instrumental in the formation anti promotion of numerous other interests, anil is president or vice-president of at least a dozen different companies. ' lie lias alwa\s been an ailvocate of the extension of the boundaries of Montreal, anti has made a \ery close and faithful stud\' of rapiil transit. Me thoroui|hIy understands what are the needs of the cil\' in electric railways tor the suburban districts, and on this subject of so much interest to the city there is no one with whom the municipal i^overnmenl could nmre ailvanta_i,'"eously consult than with Mr. Bickerdike. • •"or a number of \ears he has been a Direc- Iv^r of the Haiu|ue d' Hocliela|L,''a, and is now its vice-president. In banking circles he lias\\t>n the hij^^hest rei^anl as beins^' a man whose juilj^- ment can be fully trusted. in 1S85, he became a member of the Board of Trade and has accomplished a ^vcnt deal of j^^ood work on the Council in the interests of the live stock trade, and is a prominent member of the Corn ICxchaiiife. Mr. Bickerdike operates the Canadian Pacific Stock Yards, and has alwa}s urtjed that Montreal should have a LInion Stock Yards. In politics, Mr. Bickerdike is a liberal of the old MacKen/.ie Dorion school, and it is i^enerally expected that when Mr. Laurier comes into power, AMI'S M. A IK I). 142 lANAHA AM) IIKK i OM.MKKl K. Mr. Mickortlikc will Uc inviloil io occupy a scat in llic LabiiK-t, t^-itlicr as Ministor o\' A^rit.ulluiv or Minister of I'inaiKO. JAMHS M. AIRD. 'I'Ik' name of James M. Aird is one of liie best known in Montreal. It has become, in truth, a househi>kl word. Mr. Aird is a native of Canada, havini,-" been born in Oiitremont, Montreal, and has resided all his life here. He is a descendant of one of the old families of Montreal, his father having*- been born in that city in 1799. His t^raiulfather, who was a merchant, came to Canada in 17S.?, from Kilmarnoch, Ayrshire, Scotland. James M. Aird commenced business in 1)^77, on his own account, and has, in the bakery and confectionery business, developed one of the larj^^est industries ill that line in the country. He supplies hundreds of families in Montreal with the " staff of life," as well as many with luxuries and confections. The very name of Aird is a ijuarantee for pure and wholesome bread or confectionery, and his name ma\- be seen on man\- of the windows of stores in Montreal. He has now three larj^e places of business in the cit)'. The tactoix is on St. Urbain street, and it supplies everything to the branch stores. His other two stores are I^^59 Notre Dame and 469 '2 St. Lawrence streets. 'I'hese places are fitted up with all modern improvements, and cleanliness is finmd every- where. The ovens are all of first-class workmanship, ami the nachinery is operated b\' steam power. Mr. Aird's is the only bakery in the city that uses the latest improved machinery in the making- of bread. I'he flour is sifted, the water is filtered, the dough is made and kneaded by machinerx'. In fact, this is the only bakery in Montreal where machinery is used for these purposes. Mr. Aird manufactures fancy and plain breads, all kinds of cakes and pastry, and makes a specialty of home made and quaker breads. He uses only the very best flour and the choicest sugfar, and indeed everything of the best qualit\ . He sells at popular prices. In the confectionery line, Mr.'Aird has recently developed a new industry which undoubtedly will prove a great success, namely, fruit drops and medicinal drops to compete with imported goods of this class. Thus far, the manufacture of these drops has been greatly encourag^ed by the trade, and Mr. Aird has thus added an important industry to Canadian manufactures. ' l\N\n\ .\M> 111 K ^OMMI'Kl i:. • 4:) Ilo omploys hotwooii for{\ .iml fifi)- Iiaiuls, aiul uses seven \va_L,'-jLj'i>ns ami fifteen horses in the Inisiness. His husiness has j^Town to so s^reat an extent, tliat it lakes up all his lime ami attention, ami it is entiiel\ iliie to Mr. .\ii\l s pro^n'essiveness, iiitej^^ritv ami iiprij^'htness tli.it he has attained so i;-real a success. w. w. cx'.iiA'ii:. Aj^>'rieiilture is the haeU-hono of the nation's |-)rivsperity. The tievelopnient of an\' iiuhistr\' which works haiul in hand with ai:,''riciil- tural interests is in itself a work which places its promoter at what ma\' he termed the industrial helm o\' the nation. A man whi> occupies this uni(.|iie position wields j^-reater power than princes. He is a kinjL,"' of ct>mmerce. lis suhjects are the tillers of the laml. Such is the position occupied h\' the i^reatesi individual miller in the world, William W. Ot,filvie, l*]st|. Consiilerinj^" the enormous industry which he ct>mmands, on uo one man is the j.j'reat national source of prosperity, namely, ajLjriculture, more dependent, j-'rom the fertile fields of the Dominion, the i,^olden harvests of wavintj^ wheat are turned into the ijreat elevators owned bv Mr. Oj^^ilvie. He owns forty-two elevat(.>rs locateil in Ontario, Manitoba and the \orth West Territories. Mr. Otj^ilvie's father started the Oi,Mlvie millin.t,'' business in the \ ear i'an his business bv buildiiiir a mill at Jacques Cartier, near Quebec. Shortly afterwards he erectetl another mill at Lachine Rapids. Such was the rapid j4"rowth of the business that in 1S52, Mr. O^-ilvie, in conjunction with his brothers, the Hon. A. W. and John Oi^ilvie, erected the Glenora Mills on the Lachine canal. The business increased phenomenally, and to meet its j^^reat re- quirements, mills were erected at Goderich and Seaforth, Out. Then came the buildinj^ of the mills at VVinnipeit,'", and later the Royal Mills in Montreal. Mr. Og'ilvie's brothers retired from the business, since which time he has carried on the enormous interests himself Then came the purchase of the City Mills. He never loses an opportunity to develop even still further his stu- pendous business. This was shown when he purchased the City Mills and elevator of Montreal, from their late owners, Messrs. Ira Gould & Sons, This mill is stated to bnt- real. For rcceivin^j and shippiiijr purposes it thus has iinei|iialled advantaj^-os. In the i>lden time men used to make coiH|uest with the sword. I low different to- day is the peaceful conquest of civih/.ation ! In the development of Manitoha, the work ac- complished by Mr. O^ilvie has been a chief factor. He was the pioneer wheat buNcr there, and in the ^rcni industry which he established has di>ne more than any one in the settlement of that province. It was in {H-jb when the business was started, and consisted of a small shipment of five hundred bushels of whe;M. To- day it annually runs up into the millions. How lar^rely Mr. Ogilvie has been develop- injr the resources of Manitoba may be partly seen by the tjreat expansion of the wheat handled each year since 1882. In 1S82, the purchases of wheat amounted to 400,000 bushels ; in 1883, to 650,000 bushels; in 1884, to 1,000,000 bushels; in 1885, to 1,250,000 bushels; in 1886, to 1,750,000 bushels; in 1887, to 3,800,000 bushels ; and in 1888, to over 4,000,000 bushels. These fitjures are for the crop years. The Winnipej^' mill has a capacity of one thousand five hundred barrels a day. Mr. O^ilvle is proprietor of the City Mills, Montreal, which have a capacity of 1,100 barrels daily; the Royal Mills, Montreal, 1,800 barrels daily; the Glenora Mills, Montreal, 1,200 barrels daily ; the Goderich mills, Out., 900 barrels ; and the Seaforth Mills, Ont., 300 barrels. The total daily output of his mills reaches the enormous figure of 8,200 barrels, for which 36,900 bushels of wheat are required. Mr. William W. Ogilvie, when he first started in the milling business, made a thorough study of it in all its details. He determined years ago that his business should be the largest of its kind in existence. He adopted every possible means to accomplish this end. He determined that he would see for himself how other mills were run, and with this purpose in mind, he, in 1868, went over to Hungary to make a personal inspection of the mills there, and to CANAPA wn iii:k himmkkif:. >45 liiul out wliiit wiMV thf laU'st invontioivs, ami ti> sec all the latost iinprovcmoiits that hail hocn put into >t.-iation. lie mailc a thoroiiirh st ml v of tho "roller inillinj^r process"' that hail heen ailopteil in |[iin.c.--ary, with the result that he was the first to introihiiv it into Canaila. lie thus not only introtluceil a most valuable feature into his business, hut was the means of" .i,>-ivin|r a new impetus to the milliner i.i. ustry of" the DtMiiinion. lie has the best labor-savin^r machinery that can be purchased. In 1S94, Mr. Otj-ilvie's head miller of Winn ipei>- visited Huila Pesth for the purpose o( lindino out any improvements for the business which had been recently adopted. Mr. O^rilvie has travelled extensively in luu-ope, throu,t,'-hout the Dominion, and in the United States, and is a most keen observer of the lands throuj^h which he travels and of their people. On-o to Galena, and after the com- pletion of the Mississippi and Lake Superior Railway, he shipped wheat by the Mississippi river from Red Winj^, Winona and Hastin^^s, by bar^^e to Stillwater, thence by railway to Duluth, and east by the lakes. From his own personal observations, Mr. Oirilvie has obtained a thorouj^-h and practical knowledge of the irreat development of the a.i,n-icultural resources of North Western America durinjr the past thirty-five years. The flour manufactured from the Ogilvie Mills is sold in all parts of the civilized world. In the great milling industry there are but two others who may be mentioned as at all comparable with Mr. Ogilvie. They are Carl Haggenmacher, of Ruda Festh, and C. A. Pillsbury, of Minneapolis. His palatial offices in Montreal are most elegantly fitted with all modern appointments. They form oui^ of the attractions of Montreal. He has for many years been a leading member of the Hoard of Trade and Corn Exchange. He is president of the Board of Trade and most admirably administers the duties of that high office. Mr. Ogilvie has been aptly spoken of as "the Napoleon of the milling business." It will be seen that this is a just comparison when one reads Emer- son's summary of Napoleon's character: "That common sense, which no sooner respects any end than it finds the means to effect it ; the delight in the 146 CANADA AND HER COMMKKl K use of the moans ; tho directness aiul thoroiijLfhness of bis work ; tlie piiuleiKt^ with which all was \.\o\)c these were cliaracteristics of that q-reat man o( tlio world. " Such characteristics are strniii^h' inherent in the character o( Mr. William W. 0.i,nlvie. Mr. Oi^ilvie is a native horn Canadian. lie is ouc of the descendants of the house of Au^us, heint;- the direct tlescendant of the famous Ciilchrist, Marl of Anj^us, who, in the thirteenth century, was practical!)- t'le ruler of Scotland. It was on account of the threat services that Gilchrist rendered io his countr\- that he was g-iven the lands of Oi,^ilvie, HanfTshire, and it was then that Gilchrist assumed the name of the estate. .\s is well known, the house of Anj^us has been one of the most historic fov the performance of i,''real deeds in the annals of Great Britain. No members of the peeraLa' have been more Knal to their sovereign than those of the house of Ant^us. One of the members of the family now liviuiif is the Ri,i»^ht Honorable David Stanley WMlliam Oi,'^iIvie, Karl of Airlie. Many have been the local feuds in Scotland between the Ojifilvies of Airlie and the Campbells of Ari^)le. Mr. Oj^ilvie's father came to Canada from Scotland in iiSoo. Mr. Oi^ilvie, senior, saw a j^reat deal of acti\e service durini^ the war of 1812, and in the re- billion of 1S37. He did distinguished service as a cavalry officer. Mr. Ogilvie not only bears a stronj^j' personal likeness io the I'jirls of Angus who in their family portraits can be readily traced from father \o son, but he also resembles them greatly in his moral character. He resides at tiie princely residence, " Rosemount," formerl)- the home of the Puke of Con- naught. When His Royal Highness, accompanied In' the Duchess, visited Montreal in i8go, they were the guests of Mr. and Mrs. Ogilvie. Among the other guests invited to the reception were Sir John McNeill, Lord and Lady Mount Stephen, Colonel and Mrs. Cavaye and Dr. Kilkelly. It was naturally a great pleasure to Prince Arthur to once more visit the home which contained for him so many pleasant memories. His Ro\al Hig-h_ ness expressed his pleasure at the man\- improvements Mr. and Mrs. Ogilvie had made in " Rosemount." In one of the rooms hangs a picture of His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales and his suit, which was taken at the hall door during the time the prince was living there. In another room is a large photograph of Prince Arthur in hi . uniform, officer of the Rifle Brigade, which the prince left as a souvenir to " Ro emount." CANADA AND HER C0MMI-:RCI-:. H7 Mr. O,i,''ilvio is an exceed in^l)' popular man, anil has been the recipient of many testimonials. One was a magnificent painting;' of himself, presented to him h\- his employees in Manitoba, when he was on a visit there in iSgo. Another was the presentation of a nia_i>'nilicent " punch bowl," at the time when the new offices were opened on I'^ounillini*" street, when abi>ut one hundred gentlemen were present at the inauj>"ural l»anquet. Mr. Otj^ilvie is a deli_i,'^htful host, and was notably found so at the banquet at the VV^indsor Motel, jiriven to celebrate the openinij of the new Hoard of Trade buildint^-, where Mr. Oj^ilvie occupied the chair, havini>" on his rij^ht, His l^x- cellency the Governor General, the luirl of Aberdeen, and on his left His Monor Lieutenant-Governor Chapleau. Kosemount has beci>me famous as a most deliij-htful centre oi' the social world. Mr. 0_yilvie's crest is that o\' his ("amils', the house oi' Ans^us, a shield quartered with two liiMis rampant, one each in the upper left hand ciirner and three crescents in each o\ the other two corners. II 0\. A. \V. OG I LVIi:. The life career oi the llt.>n. A. W. Oj^'ilvie is a loni>- aiul remarkable one. lie was born at St. Michel, One., in 1X29, and remained upon his parents" farm there until 1S32, when he erected a custom Hour mill at St. Gabriel I.ocUs, re- tain ini,"" an iiOice there down ti> 1S72. In subsequent years be tOi>k his iwo brothers into partnership with him. In i(S34 he chaiij^a'd his custom mill into a "merchant ' iMie. and at once bes^an li> l>uy wheat in Eastern Ontario, bein^ the lust to enLja.uc in that line of business there. Afterwards the firm extended (heir t^perations to the western pvirlion o( the province, when the Ciiand 'I'runk Railroad was ci>nstriicted to Goderich and Sarnia ; in fact, they purchased wheat at all new statiinis as last as the\ were opened up. It was about twent)- live years as.j'o that Mr. Oj^ilvie erected the mill at Goderich, which was known as the Oijilvie ^ Hutchison Mill the onl\' one in which Mr. Hutchison was interested. The Seaforth Mill was next purchased b\' Mr. Oj^ilvie, aiul rebuilt. Then came the building of the V\'innipei>' Mill, and importiiij^ o( the fust wheat from there to Montreal. The I'lrm continued to extend their line o( purchase 14^ CANADA AND HKR COMMKKCK. until they transacted the most extensive business of any niillinj^- firm or compan)- in the North-West. Before any raihoad was constructed in that vast territory, in 1S75, Mr. 0,i>-ilvie traversed the entire Xorth-West in the interests of Canada mills. He retired from the firm which he had founded in 1S76, but down to two years aj^'-o traversed the North-West Territory every year, in order that he mijj-ht have a perfect knowledge of the state of the country to impart to his colleagues in the senate, to which he was called in 18S1. At Confederation he was elected by acclamation to the Provincial House from Montreal West ; he refused to stand for re-election in the next Parliament, but subsequently returned, running against Mr. Charles Alexander, a powerful Liberal, who was the sitting member for the Centre [division of Montreal. Mr. Ogilvie is a staunch Conservative, and took an active interest in the Schultz Commission in the North-West. Mr. Ogilvie is executor for the estate of the late John Ogilvie, member of the St. James and City Clubs, governor of the General Hospital, and vice-presi- dent of the Sun Life Insurance Company. JOHN LAB ATT. In the brewing and malting interests of the Dominion, no brewery has con- tributed more to the fame and prosperity of the country than that of John Labatt at London, Ontario. This famous brewery was established in London in 1S33 by W. & G. Snell, of Devonshire, Kngland, was sold a few years later to John Balkwell, and passed into the possession of Messrs. Labatt & Kccles in 1847. John K. Labatt became the sole proprietor in 1854, and conducted the business until the time of his decease in 1866, and was succeeded by his son John, the present proprietor. John Labatt succeeded not only to a large and successful business, but also to a name that had become well known in the business world for its honor and integrity. The London Brewery, by which name Mr. Labatt's establishment is well known, is one of the largest and best equipped in Canada, with a capacity of sixty thousand barrels of ale, porter, and stout annually. Only pure spring water and the best barley and hops are used, and the purity and flavor of the beverages produced are sufficient evidences of the careful and scientific manner CANADA ANO HER COMMKRCri. 149 I in which the work is accomplished in this brewery. Connoisseurs and medical men rank the products of this brewery as equal to the best imported l']iis4"lish ales and stout. Four expert analytical chemists have made most favor- able reports, and certified to the purit)' of Labatt's London ale and stout. At the World's Fair in Chica^ui, 1H93, Mr. Labatt made one of the best exhibits in his line of business, and received the highest points on ale and porter granted on this continent. As a representative Canadia 1 brewer, who has won indeed national fame, it was suitable that Mr. Labatts exhibit at the World's Fair should have made the impression it did. Mr. Labatt has also exhibited and received awards at the Universal Fxposition of Paris, France, in 1878; the World's b'air at Sydney, Australia, 1877 ; the Centennial, Philadelphia, 1876; Canadian Commission, Philadelphia, 1876 ; the World's b'air, Jamaica, West Indies, 1891. The engraving on page 31 shows the extent of the buildings at London, Ont. Mr. Labatt has a branch establishment in Montreal, having erected in 1892 a fine building for the purpose on DeLorimier Avenue, of which Mr. P. L. X. Beaudry is manager, besides agencies throughout the whole Dominion. His ales and stout are to be obtained on all the railwav diniiu'' car svstems, and in all the best hotels and restaurants in Canada, besides having quite a large and growing sale in the United States. w. c. prriib:Ln cS: co. This house was established in 1888, succeeding the firm of T. R. Jones & Company, who were large and extensive dealers in the Maritime Provinces for I lany years. For twenty-five years Mr, Pitfield has been a commercial travel- ler, and for eighteen years of that period has occupied the position in the Asso- ciation of honorary director foi- New Brunswick. Mr. Pitfield was born in Sussex, N. B., on March 26, 1855 ; his early edu- cation was gained in the common schools of his native place. He remained in Sussex until 1872, when the entered the employ of T. R. Jones & Company, already alluded to ; with them he remained for sixteen years, and at the close of that period he took over the establishment, which now transacts the second largest business of its kind in the Maritime Provinces. And this, too, at the 150 CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. aj;>-e of less than forty years ; and it has been accomplished by the exercise of energy, hard work and close application to business. His friends, whom he can call legion, all testify to his uprightness and straightforwardness of character ; and never since he started on the road has he lost a customer through any fault of his own. In politics he is a Conservative. He is a member of the Board of Trade, and is also one of the council of that organization. He has no hobbies, save the business in which he is engaged, and to which he devotes the whole of his time, except that which is spent in the bosom of his family consisting of his wife and three children, two boys and one girl. Mrs. Fitfield is the daughter of Mr. George Doig, of Brooklyn, N.V., and was married in iScS^. Both she and her husband are members of the Methodist Church, the former taking an active part in all charitable work, having an able counsellor and coadjutor in Mr. Pitfield. CAPTAIN GASCON. Captain Gascon is a name well known in all maritime circles in Canada, and as a representative citizen of Kingston. In December, 1S92, he visited the United Kingdom and there built a steam- ship now operated by the Montreal Transportation Company between Kingston and points on Lake Superior, which boat is considered the finest in Canada, and our neighbors cannot boast of her superior, if her equal. He has been a life-long Conservative, and such confidence has his party placed in him, that at present he is the president of the Liberal-Conservative Party. May Canada have man\' such men. CA.VADA AND HER COMMKRCK, I SI A BRIEF HISTOF^Y or SOMK Ol TUK MOKK IMI'clkTANT COMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES AND BUSINESS HOUSES OF THt Dominion. THK INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY OF CANADA. The construction of the Intercolonial, and the connection of the Upper and Lower Provinces by a direct line of railwas', has of late years opened up a new route for the tourist as well as the man of business. I'^ach year its advanta_i>-es are becoming' better known, and each season sees an increase in the tide of tourist travel upon it. Leaving Ouebec, this road takes its cinirse along the south shore of the lower St. Lawrence. Here the picturesque French villages, the lordlv river dotted with sails, and the bold and often beautiful scener\- of the shore combine to make the beginning of an ever varying panorama of which the eye never wearies. Beyond lies the Metapedia Valley, the Switzerland of this country, with its mountains of )y\\:s:n and its " musical water/' where the Salmon have their home. I^ntering New Brunswick, skirting the shores of that vast and tranquil natural harbour, the Bale des Chaleurs, the traveller is borne rapidly onward, through the famed valle\- of the Miramichi, thence to Moncton, the headquarters of the Intercolonial, l-'rom this place o\\\: ma\ either gi> direct to St. John through a settled and beaUi..ul couiitr)-, ox ci>ntinue on to Point du Chene, cross the Strait to Prince lulward Isl uid, "the garden of the gulf," or straig-ht o\\ to Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia. The scenery en route to the latter place is varied by hill and dale, lake and stream, with towns and villages in which the evidences of prosperity and plenty meet the eye at every point. At Halifax, with its splendid harbor, yachting and boating, ships of war, naval and military attractions, its fortifications, beautiful public gardens, royal park, delightful Bedford basin, its delicious and stimulating- sea air from the Atlantic, its sea-shore and inland drives, its bathing in pure sea U2 CANAOA ANI> HKR COMMKRCK. water on smooth and siiiiny beaches, its peaceful and enchantintj- North-Wc " Arm, i.mc may spend day after day of jceiuiine pleasure, and return to his home invij^orated, refreshed, and fitted anew for the routine of the daily life. Pictou^ with its views of land and sea, its ships and its mines ; Cape Breton dotted with delij^hful summer resorts, incomparable for their rare beauty and attractiveness, ideal spots in which the pleasure and health seekers will find needed rest and cliant,'"e. The glories ol' Cape nreti>n and the sunsets on the North-West Arm are scenes that will ever hold a sweet spot in the memory. Historic Louisburtf, or Sydney, with its coal mines reachini,'" far into the earth, may all be visited with pleasure and profit. To the sportsman, the Intercolonial opens up a land in which he need never lack for occupation. In all the numerous rivers which the railway Intersects are trout to be had, oft *n of extraordinary size and quality. What is said of the Intercolonial Railway by a Distinj^uished Writer and Recent Travellers. What the distinj^uished writer said of the ma^^nificent St. Lawrence river, the shores of which are skirted b)- this popular railway : " There is in Noith America a mi^-hty river, haviui^ its head in remote lakes, which, thout>'h man)- in number, are yet so ^i-reat that one of them is known as the lart^est body of fresh >• ater on the .i,''lobe, with a flow as placid and pulseless as the i^reat Pacific itself, yet as swift in places as the averajj-e speed of a railway train. Its waters are pure and azure-hued, no matter how many turbid streams attempt to defile them. It is a river that never knew a freshet nor any drying- up, no matter how j^j-reat the rain or snow fall, or how severe the drought on all its thousand miles of drainai»^e or of flow, and yet that rej^ularly, at stated intervals, swells and ebbs within certain limits, as surely as the spring tides each year ebb and flow in the Bay o( Fundy a river so rapid and yet so placid as to enchant every traveller — so grand and yet so lovingly beautiful as to enthral every appreciative soul which rises in a great fresh-water sea, and ends in the great Atlantic some places sixty miles wide, at others less than a mile ; a river that never has yet had a respectable history, nor scarcely more than an occasional artist ti> delineate its beauties. "It lies for a thousand miles between two great nations, yet neglected by i CANADA ANl> UKR tOMMKRCK. >53 * both, tlioiij;>-h neither could be .is ^reat without it ; a river as j^-raiul as the La Plata, as picturesque as the Rhine, as puie as the lakes of Switzerland. Need we say that this wonderful stream is the St. Lawrence, the noblest, the purest, most enchanting river on all God's beautiful earth. What recent travellers have said : " It has decidedly the advantage from the standpoint of picturesqueness. It skirts and I onlv refer to the throutfh route the shores of the beautiful Maie des Chaleurs followinq' for miles the curves of the bay, each bend reveal- in_s4" a scene of ever chan^»'in^>' beauty. Leaving' the sea-shoro it follows the windins^s of the Restii^ouche and Metapedia — now dashing wildly along an overhanging declivit)- with the foam-crested waters of the rushing river below- - bye and bye approaching a chasm only to dart across an iron causeway setting aside the barriers of nature here are towering hills, looking to-day, despite a garment of snow, dark and threatening, but to-morrow the buds upon countless trees will be the harbingers of a luxuriant summer's foliage. Away to the north speeds the train until it reaches the shores of the mighty St. Lawrence, where every mile presents an ever-changing panorama of river scenery. Many rail- roads, more talked about, possess far less charms than the Intercolonial. It is not a tid-bit of scenic picturesqueness here and there such as has served to make the fortune in tourist travel of many a railroad ; but a constant presen- tation of such scenery until it culminates in the magnificent view which suddenly breaks upon the sight as the tourist approaches the ancient capital of Canada. The Isle of Orleans in the centre of the river with a wide stretch of water on either side ; the towering heights of Montmorency, with the mighty falls tumbling into the still mightier St. Lawrence; the ancient city of Quebec, with its myriad of tin roofs reflecting the dazzling sunlight ; the towering height capped by the his- toric citadel, which still holds the key of the St. Lawrence ; the Plains of Abra- ham beyond, whereon was fought that mighty battle upon which the fate of the continent depended ; the majestic river bearing upon its bosom not merel\ a crowd of pleasure crafts, but a merchant fleet j^athered from all nations, com- mand universal admiration." " The seasons come and ^o with their noticeable changes, but none are more perceptible than those to be seen while travelling over the Intkrcolonial Railway of Canada. This railway furnishes to the general traveller all the comforts and conveniences of modern invent on, while the pleasure-seeker. •54 CANADA AND IIKU COM-MKUCK. fisliennan and sportsman find few if any equals. Its siimnier resorts and places of interest are quite numerous, as it penetrates that portion of Quebec and the maritime provinces, so noted for_t,^ame of all kinds in ^""reat abundance. Quebec, old, quaint and romantic noted for its ancient structures as well as modern improvements, is on the line of this road. The traveller in his journey over this famous route for hundreds of miles intersects with an abundance of noted rivers, cascades, cataracts and scenery of vast and romantic beauty, such as cannot be found anywhere else //o/ even in the great Yosemite I alley of our "ivestern country. The hotels which furnish homes for tourists or business men are second to none, their tables laden with fish, game, and everything'' the appe- tite can crave. The dNspeptics and invalids cannot find elsewhere the health restoratives that nature supplies in the forests and fields of these provinces. The traveller over this j^-reat line of road is brouijht to the proud old cit\' of Quebec, one of the most noted in the world, and here has an opportunit\- to visit the Heij^'-hts of Abraham, where the j^^reat battle between the French under Mont- calm and the British under Gen. Wolfe occurred, in which both commanders were killed. No more delit^htful or interestintj trip could be taken, as it passes through a land rich in the materials of history, romance and poetry. The line of road connects the famous cities of Quebec, St. John and Halifax, passing- through a g-reat manj- other historical points of which we have not made men- lion. The management of this colossal thoroughfare has been such as to place it beyond criticism. Its patrons receive such attention as to warrant their im- [ilicit faith in the road." What Charles Dudley Warner says about the famous Hras d'Or Lakes in Cape Breton along the Intercolonial Railway : "The wa\' was more varied during the next stage; we passed through some pleasant valleys and picturesque neighborhoods and at length, winding around the base of a wooded range, and crossing its point, we came upon a sight that took all the sleep out of us. This was the famous Bras d'Or. "The Bras d'Or is the most beautiful salt water lake I have ever seen, and more beautiful than we had imagined a bod\' of salt water could be. If the reader will take the map, he will see that two narrow estuaries, the Great and Little Bras d'Or enter the Island of Cape Breton, on the ragged north-east coast, above the Town of Sydney, and flow in, at length widening out and occu- p) ing the heart of the Island. The water seeks out all the low places and f CWAPA Wn IIKK Clt.MMKRl.i;. •35 1 ; ramifies tlio interior, riiiiiiini,^ away into lovely ba\.s and laj^uions, leavinj,'' sleiuler tongues of land and pieturesque islands, and hrin^-'iny" into the recesses of the lanil, to the remote country farms and settlements, the flavor of salt, ami the fish and the mollusks of the brin)' sea. Tiiere is \ery little tide at any time, so that the shores are clean ami siv,'htly for the most part like tlu"»se o( fresh water lakes. It has all the pleasantness of a fresh water lake with all the advantai^es of a salt one. In the streams which rim into it are the speckled trout, the shad .ind the salmon ; out of its depths are hooked the cod and the mackerel, and in its hays fattens the inster. 'I'his irrei^i^ular lake is about a hundred miles lonj;, if you measure it skilfulb', and in some places ten miles broad ; but so indented is it, that I am not sure but ouk.' would need, as we were informed, to ride a thousand miles to ii;o round it, followiiii,^ all its incursions into the land. The hills about it are never more than five or six hundred feet hij^b, but they are hi^»-h cnoui,>'h for reposeful beaut}', and offer everywhere pleasing'- lines. " What we first saw was an inlet of the Hras d'Or called by the driver, lloi,''amah Hay. At its entrance were K>ni>' wooded islands, beyond which we saw the backs of i^raceful hills, like the capes of some poetic sea coast. The bay narrowed to a mile in width where we came upon it, and ran several miles inland to a swamp, round the head of which we must j^o. Opposite was the villatje of Ho_i>amah. I had my suspicions from the beginniui'' about this word, and now- asked the driver, who was liberally educated for a driver, how he spelled 'lIoir;i- mah ' Whv-ko-ko-mairh." JOHN MAC DONALD & CO. The firm of John Macdonald & Co., Toronto, is the oldest dry goods firm in the city, and one of the oldest, if not the oldest, dry goods firm in the Do- minion of Canada. On the 27th September, 1849, the late Hon. John Macdonald opened business at 103 Yonge street, in the retail general dry goods, with a stock of about $2,000. His business for the first nine months was $1,200, and thus he progressed onward and upward. !n 1S53, Mr. Macdonald moved into larger premises on Wellington street, almost opposite the present magnificent warehouses of the firm, and commenced doing a wholesale business entitely, and so the firm of John Macdonald & Co. has increased in stature •56 CAXADA AND HKR COMMKRCK. from streni»-th to streiigfth, so that to-day it is one o( the oldest firiiis and doitii,' the hirj^est business in Canada. The present warehouses cover a considerable amount of space, extendiiiLT ri|^>-lu throuj^h the block from Wellintjton street to Front street with a frontaj^'-e on both streets of over loo feet, and about i lo feet hij^h from base to roof. The warehouses are separated by fireproof walls extending from base to roof, havinj^ entrances on each flat, which are closed every night by iron doors, thus ''^^ LATK SKNATOK lOIlN MACDONALU. making two distinct buildings. The building has five flats and basement. The basement is used as entering, packing and shipping rooms. The first floor is occupied by the linen and staple department and general offices. The second floor by the woollen and tailor trimmings department and Mr. Macdonald's private office. The third floor contains the silk, dress goods, hosiery and glove department. The fourth floor, the gents' furnishing- and haberdashery department. The fifth floor, the carpet and house furnishing department. CANADA ANP IIKK i i>M.Mi:i- man, is in the front rank of Canadian commercial men, his intej^ritx', diliiifenee and careful attention to duty havinj^' obtained for him a reputation for trustworthiness, which is so essential for business success. Notwithstanding^ the multiplicity of his business duties, he devotes a portion of his time to the social and relij^ious welfare of mankind. He is an active member of the Yonj^e Street Methodist Church, beinj^- chairman of its finance committee, trustee, and member of its official board. He is president of the Xorth Toronto Branch of the Upper Canada Bible Society, and was one of the orj^i-anizers of the Toronto Humane Society. He is a member of the Younj,'- Men's Prohibition Club, and \'oun_i,'' Men's Christian Association. He is a member of the National Club and of the Board of Trade. He is also a Justice of the Peace for the count)- of York. Being head of the firm and having- a yfeneral oversij^^^ht of all its business transactions, his life is full of responsibility and activity. Mr. Paul Campbell, when a boy, entered the employ of the firm of which he is now a member, j^»'radually risiiiir as opportunity presented itself, when in 1SS7 he was admitted as a partner. Mr. Campbell _i,nves close attention to business and does not interest himself much in politics or other matters. He is a Presbyterian in reli<,'-ion, a trustee in Knox Church, and a liberal in politics. Mr. James I'Vaser Macdonald, second son of the late Hon. Senator, John Macdonald, entered the firm of whtch he is now a member in 1SS5. His close attention to business, retentive memory, excellent address and hi^h moral char- acter soon gained for him rapid promotion, and qualified him a worthy member of the famous firm of John Macdonald & Co. It is men like Mr. John Macdonald, Mr. Paul Campbell and Mr. Jas. Fraser Macdonald, who have done so much to give Toronto its great com- mercial standing among the large cities of the North American continent. HAMBURG AMFRICAN LINF. Vast as are the natural resources within the bounds of our glorious country, their development must proce from without. But for the impetus given by the fleets of steamers plying to and from the shores of this continent, the growth >5« CANADA ANP IIKK I HMMICKl K. o\' population aiul of wealth arisintj' tVoni the (.levelopmenl of a^^Ticultufal, luiiieral and commercial capabilities, must have been slow with our now wealths' neij^h- bours, as well as with ourselves. 'I'he advent to Montreal of a powerful and enterprisinj> steamship company like the Hamburt,'' American Packet Company ma)' be said to form an epoch in the histor\' o( St. Lawrence navi^-ation. I lavinj^- acquireil the I lansa Line of steamers, with which it had lonii^'' been in- timatel}' connected, its lleet now numbers some sixty-three lar^e ocean steamers, amon^-sl which may be mentioned the famous twin-screw express steamers " Fuerst Hismarck, ' "Columbia," " Normannia " and " Auj^usta \'icti>ria," ships of 13 16,000 horse-power, who^^e ma_i;'nilicent appointments and sumptuous comfort are unsurpassed by any steamers allc>at, and which maintain their le- putation as forming'' " the b'ast Line to London " for mails and passen^rers. The ci>mpany has already increased its sailinijs between Hamburj4--Antwerp and Ouebec-Montreal to a rej^i'ular weekly service, and will, with its immense and constantly increasini»- fleet, be able to meet all the requirements of developed commercial relations between the Dominion and Continental lilurope. Importers of j^uHxls from Germany, Bel^^ium and other Continental countries are, by this service, afforded rei,''ular direct communication at advantai^^eous terms. hi addition to maintainini;- the regular Montreal service and three distinct services between New York and Hamburg, the Hamburg American Line has a regular service between New York and Scandinavia, with occasional sailings aiso between Scandinavia and the St. Lawrence ; from New York to the Mediter- ranean ; Boston-Hamburg; Philadelphia-Hamburg; Baltimore-Hamburg; Hamburg-West Indies and Mexico, South America, South Africa, etc. NAZAIRE TURCOTTL & CO. Among the great mercantile establishments of the Ancient Capital who have rendered themselves prominent and distinguished, those representatives of the wholesale grocery trade, and its contingent relations, are particularly worthy of mention. In this department of trade, Quebec maintains an extensive repu- tation won by strict business principles and abilities of its leading houses. To show the high character and prosperous condition of those engaged in this most important industry, we with pleasure mention the old and reliable estab- I ANAPA ANO IIKR C OMMKRCK '50 lishineiit of Na/aiiv Tiircotte 8c Co., which has been in oxislence for the past thirty-nine years. The house was foundeil in 1S55 by the j^aMiilenian whoso name it bears, whose decease a few years n^o was mourned by many friends. 'I'his firm lias always commanded an extensive trade with most every prominent j^n-ocer in tlie leathni^ cities and towns tlirouj^^hout I'^aslern Canada, ami they have ^Milled a reputation by their sterhnj^' and strai^'-htforward business methods that is proverbial. The business premises occupied by this hrm cover about 'a iialf block at Nos. 54, 56 and 5S Palhousie street, consistinj^" of a substantial three story brick store, lar^>'e warehouse and wharf. The stock carried is a larj^e and varied one and e(.|ual in extent to any representative wholesale ,tj"rocery establishment. Their wine and liquor department is deservins^" of special men- tion, as there can be found therein a superior stock of the finest wines and liquors, both imported and domestic, of the most noted and leliable brands. Sparklinir champai,''nes, sherries, ports, brandies, j^''ins, whiskies, cordials and fancy liquors are here in j^J^reat variety and i[uantity, and are _i,''uaranteed to be pure and free from adulteration. They buy from reliable houses only, whose reputation and hii^h standinj^»- precludes the possibility of such tactics. And so it is in every department of the vast establish neni of Nazaire Turcotte & Co. The trade of the firm extends throuL''hout the Province of Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince lulward Island, and under the hij^hly pros- perous auspices which the house is operated, the unvaryinj^'- success so sii»-nifi- cantly maintained and foreshadowed, is assured. This meritorious establishment is now owned and conducted by Mr. V. Turcotte, son of the founder of the business, and Mr. P. J. Hazin, who, previous to cominj^ into the firm, was manag-er for Mr. N. Turcotte for ten years. CHINIC HARDWARH CO. In dealini^ with the commerce of our country, we must not neglect to mention the Chinic Hardware Company, of Ouebec, which is one of the Icad- \n^ representatives of the Hardware Corporations of Canada. Founded in the year 180S, and as the business continued to increase to such an extent, it was deemed necessary and advisable to incorporate in the year 1887, with a paid up capital of $150,000. II ^..a-r 1 60 lANAHA \M> IlKK mMMKKlK They arc loaders in their line o\ uade, ami coiuhict ou*^ of the larjjest estah- lishnieiits in l^astern Canada. The) are extensive importers oi hardware ami hardware speeialties, and carry ou hoth a wholesale and retail business, althoui^h each department is separate and distinct. The retail store is located o\\ the corner oi St. Peter and Mi>imtain Hill, and occupies a three story brick buildint,' 40 X 100 feet in si/e, every foot oi which is utilized b\ a lari,'-e and fine line o\' j^eiieral hardware for local demands. The wholesale department is li>catcd on the corner oi Palhousie and Mountain Hill streets, which is known as the jobbini,*' district of Ouebec. IMie buildini,>" occupied is one of the lari,''est in that vicinity. It is a solidly built brick structure, 40 x 125 feet in dimension, four stories in hcig"ht, with basement. Here is carried everylhint;' conceivable in the line of shelf and heavy hardware, such as cutlery, carpenters', mechanics' and enj,»"ineers' tools ; builders' and cabinet makers' hardware ; blacksmiths' and car- riaj^e makers" supplies ; iron, steel and all kinds o^ heav\' metal, in fact, all jroods usually carried by a larL>-e and representative firm of this kind. One oi the most important branches oi the business is their sportimj i>foods department, and we do not exaj4\i,aMate when we say that in this particular line they lead all other Canadian houses. 'Inhere can be fi>und fishini^ tackle of every description, fishiniij rods, seins, nets, etc., also ijuns, revolvers and ammunition. I'he Company are also extensive manufacturers oi nails, and operate a factory at H eau poi t, while a mill-stone factorv is conducted at St. Roch. 'I'he trade oi tlie Chinic Hardware Company extends all over l-lastern Canada and far into the West, and their travelling"- representatives have a just pride in the enviable reputation oi th eir house. The executive officers of the Company are Mr. William Shaw, \i'r. Iui}>ene Chinic and Mr. H. lulmond Hupre. MiCASKH.L, nOUGALL tS: CO. I'^ew m.Miufacturintj firms are better or more widely known than that oi McCaskill. nou^'-all& Co., (composed of n. .A. McCaskill and J. S. N. IX>uj^mII,) manufacturers of varnishes and japans, whose reputation has now become wtirld- renowned, and whose busincssextends, not only throuj,>-hout the entire Dominion of Canada, but has, within the past lew years, taken quite a prominent place in foreign markets. I AN.\I>.\ .\M> lll-.K COM.MKKl K. I()l I')urinj,'' the past nftooii Ncars, the liij^h-dass vaniishos iiiaiuiractuivil by this linii haw Ik'cii awartloil first prizes, s^i^lJ, silwr and hron/.e luoilals, aiul diplo- mas at ovlmv o\liihitii>n in Canada and \v1km\' tlie\ liavo been shown. The Canadian Pacilii: train at the World's l''air, Cliicai,'"o, was entirely linished with McCaskill, l")ou_t,'"all ^ Co.'s varnisli, and obtained first prize. Mr. McCaskill, the senior partner in the firm, ei>mmenced his commercial career in i SjS, as varnish and japan maiuitacturer, and from a comparatively small bci^inniny, has Iniilt np one of the most extensive and thrivini,*" industries in tlv: country, and certainly the leadinir iMie oil its kind in the I)ominii>n. .vl'-. Dontjall, who joined Mr. McCaskill as partner at the commencement o( \^)2, is well kniHvn in ciMiimercial circles, not only in Montreal, but thrini_i,'"h- ou[ CuKula. I le was for twenty-four sears connected with the firm of McArthur, Coriuille 6v: Ct>., of this citv, and for ten vears was a partner in that firm. M HA KIN'S cS: CO. Amoni,>- the many manufacturiiii,'" interests in Canrda which have been built up b\- the enert»y and enterprise of those enj^a^ed in them, that i>t the manu- tacture of brushes has developed to an extent scarcely realized by a disinterested publi- . There are ti>-ilay several firms in existence in the nominion who have a maiui^acturinir plant and stall' of wiMknien for turnini,'' out brushes of all iles- criptioiis which are unsurpassed in any country in the world. These firms ilraw their supplies of raw material from nearly every quarter of the _i,^lobe. I'he sup- pl\ of bristles is ilraw ii chielU' from Russia, which counti)' turns out the strong- est and heaviest j^rades, while Ciermany and b'rance turn init the liner s^railes, while India aiul China also send out limited quantities. The various ve^auable fibres useil in the manutacluiv of household brushes are drawn chielly fii)!!! South .'\merica Hrazil beiiij^ a larj^e exporter of this class of j^ioods. .Amonj^^ the forenu>st houses in Canada in this line, we would call attention [o the linn of Meakins" Stins iS: Company, wlu> have been enj^'^aj^ed in the manufacturing- ol brushes for thirt\-four \ears. This firm first started in this line in the city of llainilti>n in iS6o, under the lirm name of Meakins ik Sons, and they have made such proj^^ress that to-day they have i>ne of the larj^est and best ei|uipped factories on this Ci)ntinent. In the year 1N77, this firm purchased the brush business of l62 CANADA AND HKR I OM.MKRt K. the late Joseph Kirkiip, of Montreal, one of the oldest firms in their line in Canada, and recognizinj^" the importance of Montreal as a distributing point for their j^oods, they obtained premises there and established themselves under the name of Meakins & Co. This branch of ihe business has always been under the char^^e of Mr. Chas. W. Meakins, the junior member of the fim, who is well known to the trade of Montreal and the Hast, being a member of the D. C. T. Association since 1S78. The firm manufacture all kinds of brushes, but their chief specialties are painters' j^oods of all kinds, of which they carry a \:u-^c stock. A visit to their Montreal warehouse, No. 313 St. Paul street, will amply repay those in want of brushes of any descriptions. DOMINION OIL CLOTH COMPANY. This company was orj^ani/ed in the year 1S72, and since then has steadily increased its business and at present the premises they occupy comprises six large factories, together with a very extensive warehouse, oil boiling house, and several store houses. The works of this company turn out Oil cloth of every description, including that for Floors, Tables, Stairs, Shelf, ami Carriages, all of which are counted to be second to no\^e on this continent. About 120 skilled workmen find constant employment in this factory and their products are to be found in every section of the Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Besides manufacturing oil cloths, this company makes all their own paints, large quantities of which are of course used in the manufacture .^f the various grades of oil cloth. They also manufacture and supply the jobbing trade with their celebrated D. O. C. brands of white lead, paints and putty which are found all over the Dominion. The paid up capital of this company is $200,000, and they are therefore in a position to procure at all times the most improved machinery, and their facilities are such that they can supply the wants of the entire Dominion in their line. This large invested capital also shows that they are able to keep abreast of all the latest improvements in the business. The officers of the com- pany are, president, Andrew Allan ; vice-president, J. O. Gravel ; treasurer, John J. McGill ; managing director and secretary, John Baillie. Mr. A. T.Johnston, No. 1 Front street Fast, Toronto, is their representa- CANADA AND HKR fOMMKRCE. ■63 tive for Ontario and the North West, and Mr. \i. Gauthier tor the Province of" Ouehec. Both these ^rentlemen are well known on the road, havinjr been in the employ of the company for upwards of 15 years. LVMAN, KNOX & CO., WHOLKSALH DRUGGISTS, MONTKKAL AND TORONTO. Prominent amonj^ the trade of to-day stands this joimi,'- house, whose business, consistinjj- of importinjr and manufacturin^^ was established in Mont- real in 1S87 by Charles and F. Gold Lyman and James W. Knox afterwards William Mussell was admitted. With extensive experience and connection in their line, aided by industry, enterprise and inte^^rity, they have made them- selves a place. Their trade was developed so rapidly that after three years they found it advisable to open a branch at Toronto, under the able mana^re- ment of Geory^e H. Clarkson, and this step was received with favor bv the dru^r trade. Now their business- extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and their stock is lari^e with an assortment to meet the requirements of such a variety of customers. 'I'heir lines consist of drugs and chemicals, pharmaceutical and patent medicines, perfumeries and toilet preparations, sponges and chamois, and an extensive variety of druggist's sundries, etc., etc. MA'nUKWS, 'l\n\T{RS & CO., WIIOI.KSALK M.\MIA(TIKI;K-> AM) IM l'( )KT|.;ks i )|- M1;Ns !• I' KMSI IIN( , (KXJDS. Board ov Tradk Block, 73 St. Pktkr Strkkt. This young and enterprising firm, during an existence of five years, has succeeded in establishing a reputation and a business which might well be the envy of the oldest house in the Dominion, and is the direct result of the careful personal attention which is given to the smallest details of the business by the members of the firm. 164 CANADA ANP IIKK tOM.Mi:Ul K. Mr. Matthews j^oes twice a sear all thrmij^^h the Western provinces to the Pacific, and Mr. Towers, hesides niakini,'^ two journeys every year to the l^ni^Hish and Continental markets, s^'oes as well to some of the princip il points in the provinces of Ontario and Onehec, so that the firm is representeil either in person .».. u.. ♦i,,«:.. «........n...... r«.,.,, .u., a. 1. ..,*:,, .., .1,,, n., ,:<; . ........... mi^s -, — »^.. ».- ^'........^ », ^..-..."v^,, ."^- I..... ...^her than is necessar\-, has been demonstrateil, bexiind the possibility of a doubt, by the experience of companies whicii have been in existence for nearl) half a century. 'I'ake, for example, the histor\' of the Mutual Life of Xew \'ork Cit\, imic of the oldest and lari^est companies in America. It a]i|iears, from the Insmance Year Hook, 1S94, published by the Spectator Company of New N\>rk, that the total income of the Mutual Life to Januar\' ist, iSt)4, was $6,^3, 044), 5 29, and its total payments, includinj^" death claims, endowments and annuities, was only $176,209,990, that is, its receipts exceeiled the anu>unt reipiired for ileath claims, endowments and annuities by nearly 73 . Sixteen years aj^o, a letter appeared over the sijjfnatures of the president, vice-president and actuar\' of the Mutual Life, fri>m which the followintj is an extract : "Why shi>uld we have been compelled io take $4e;,ooo,(xx) which we have returned to t>ur polic) -holders as over-payments called dividends. There CANADA AND HKK lOMMKKCi:. lOS has been no year in the history of the :ompany when it could not have taken premiums on a far cheaper scale than it has done, and even then to have been able to return a respectable percentat^e in over-payments at the end of the year. " The letter above referred to is published in full on pn^c i i of " Which System of Life Insurance Should 1 Select?" a copy of which can be obtained on application to the Toronto office of the Mutual Reserve. In this same book, on pai^e lo, there is a table sliowin}^»- the total income and payments for death claims, endowments and annuities of twenty-nine level premium com- panies, and in no case has the amount paid in death claims, endowments and annuities exceeded 36/ of the total income, notwithstanding^ the fact that the majorit}' of the companies have alread)' existed for over forty )ears. The orit,^!! of the Mutual Reserve b'uiul Life Association is due to the existence of the facts already related. Its president, I^dward R. I larper, bc'in^ a diligent student of life insurance, and realizini*^ that the j^nvat majoritv of those who insure their lives do so simply for the protection of their families, resolved to ori^'-anize a company with rates reduced, to harmonize with the amount required for the payment of death losses, and when he became president of the Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, he ortjanized it upon that basis, and within one year from the date of his appointment, the Association received over $35,000,000 of new business, and has continued to increase the business each year, until it has now nearly $300,000,000 of insurance in force ; it has paid upwards of $20,Soo,ooo in death claims, and has a reserve or emertjenc) fund of over $3,825,000, a sum which exceeds the total surplus assets which the New York Life and the Mutual Life both had in the 2.Sth year of their exis- tence by over $1,000,000, Since the adoption of its present table of rates in iSSq, the premiums col- lected have been exactly the same each year, and nearly $2,000,000 has been added to the reserve or emer^-enc}' funil. The Association was licensed to do business in Canada in 1S85, and has made remarkable proi^ress in the Dominion, there bein.i>- only five other com- panies i.\o\n^ business in Canada havini,"- a farther amount of insurance in force than it now has, and in 1S93, there was only one company that wrote more business in Canada than it did, and there is probably no company that has a lartfer list of prominent men in the city of Tori>nto than this Association has. 1 66 CANAI>A AND UKR lOMMKRCE. The total cost for the past fourteen years of $10,000 in the Mutual Reserve has been less than old-system companies charjje for $4,500 at ordinary life rates, the reduction in premiums beinj^ equal to a dividend of nearly 60%. The cut which appears on this patje, is an excellent representation of the Mutual Reserve Huildinj;,»", situated on the corner of Broad\\a\ ;ind I^uane street, New York City, and any Canadian polic\ -holder of the Mutual Reserve, who is visitinjjf New York, should call at its offices, and we can vouch for it, he will receive a hearty welcome and be shown ever\' attention hy the officers of the Association. CANADA AND HER COMMKIUK. 167 SHNATOR W. H. SAN FORD. Ainonj^ those who have made themselves part ami parcel of the recent commercial history of Canada, the Honorable Senator Sanford, of Hamilton, deserves mention. Mr. Sanford is known to Canadians, and trul\', as a suc- cessful man, and he is one of those who deserve success, for he has worked for it with persistence and intelli,i»'ence, in fact, his whole life has show 11 resolute industy, as a brief sketch will show : W. K. Sanford commenced his career as a commercial traveller when six- teen years of ag-e, by representing a wholesale establishment in the City of New York. At twenty his services were deemed so valuable that he was offered a partnership in the firm, but owinjjf to the sudden death of the senior partner the arranirement was not concluded. At twenty-one he was en,i,nij»'ed in the interests of his father-in-law, the late Edward Jackson, of Hamilton, in the windin^^ up of a foundry business, in which Mr. Jackson was interested in the city of Lon- don, l-'ollowintj the windinf»- up of this concern, about a year and a half later he was offered an ajrency to represent a large exportinj^ house of the Cit\' c»t New York, t purchase wool in- the Canadian market. An hour after receiving the telegram, he was in one of the woollen factories a few miles out of London up to his shoulders in wool, sorting and learning the different grades and quali- ties of that article, of which he had no previous knowledge. Within two weeks he had agents established at every point of any prominence, from Amherstburg to Gananoque, and largely controlled the clip for that season. His purchases were so large and his drafts upon the New York house so extensive that they in alarm sent up one of the firm to see where this enormous amount of money was going. But a very brief inspection satisfied them to leave the business in his hands, and the magnitude of his purchases resulted in his receiving the title of the " Wool King" of Canada, which name clung to him for some years after. When entering upon the business with which he has been so long con- nected, the manufacture of clothing, he contended that the great principle of success was to personally represent the house with the goods, which he did over a period of fifteen years, canvassing every section of the Dominion. He visited Nova Scotia and New Brunswick immediately following Confederation, at which time representatives from Ontario were looked upon with great suspicion, and received in a most indifferent manner. Notwit nding this, he i6S CAN.\I>\ ANn IIKR I OMMKKli:. siiccoeilocl ill foniiinj4' a connection and Ia\int; the foniKlation of a business in those provinces, which has continued with tiie house to tlie present. He was the lirst representative to visit British L'olunihia witii Canadian j^UHids, tollowint,'- Confederation of the provinces, ami at tlie solicitatii>n of the late W. K. Muir, who was j^eneral nianai,'^er of the Cireat Western Railwa\, completed the system of bondini,*" Canadian jljovhIs across the coniinent over the Union and Central Pacific Railway, and thence h\ steamer to \'icii>ria. Vov years the firm retained the trade of that district lari^ely without ciMiipetition, in consequence of his enterprise. Mr. Sanford's first visit to Manitoba, at a time when it took several weeks to ^o thither by wa^mn from St. Paul and St. CK>ud, resulted in placing the first Canadian _i>-oods that were used in that country, for previous io this date the supplies came altos^ether from the United States and Great Britain. 'Phis was just precedin.i,'" the Riel rebellion, and the da\ the Senator's part)' left Winnipei,'' to tjo south, at the instij^ation of the chief merchant of the town, they invited Riel to this merchant's store to take a j^lass of wine, thereb\' securins^ a pass out of the counti)' for himself and party, Riel and his men at this time beiiis.,^ established twenty miles south of Winnipeg". This permit to leave the country cost Mr. Sanford two bottles of champatrne, at $io a bottle, but after the trouble which immediately followed, keepiiis^ many people prisoners in that country durin*,'' the entire winter, he has spoken of it as "a very i>;ood invest- ment." 'Ihe reader will probabl)' arrive that it was a piece of tact wi^rthy of an adroit commercial representative. Mr. Sanford was lont>' an admirer and tViend of the late Sir Ji^hn A. Mac- donald, whose fiscal policy he approved. And when a vacancy occurred in the Senate it was not unnatural that the commercial prominence of Mr. Sanford, his acquaintance with every part of the country, and his capacity for clear- headed work, commended him for a seat in that chamber. And he has ever since been one of the most popular senatt>rs. 1':lbrii')gh ghrrv spaulhixg. I'^lbrids^e Gerr\ Spauldinj,' was born at Sumner Hill, Cayui,>-;i County, i\.\'. State, on I^'ebruary 24, iSog, and is a descendant in the seventh _i»-eneration from lulward Spauldiiij,^, who settled in Massachusetts somewhere about the (■.\N.\IV\ ANP lll'.K I i>M.\ii:«i i;. 169 KLIiUIIUiK (iKKKV SI'Al 1.1 )l.\t . 170 CANAHA ANIl IIKR lOMMKKcK. year i6;^o, while his father, lulward SpaulJini'', was one of the pioneefs of the central pDrtion of the State of New N'ork. Mr. Spaiildiii}^ was educated in the puhlic schoi>l of his native place, and when he was twenty-one )ears of aj^e he coninieiiced the study of law in Hatavia, in the office of the late rinu>lh\ l""itch. There he remained for soniwhere about three years, and then removed to Attica, where he entered the law office of the Won. Ilarve\' Putnam. Shortly afterwards he was admitted to practice in the Court of Common Pleas of Cicne- see County. He came to Buffalo in 11^34, and became a law clerk in the oflice of Messrs. Potter & Hahcock, who at that time were amonj;^ the leadin^^ lawyers in the citv. Two vears later he was admitted to practice as an attornev in the Supreme Court, and in 1S39 as a counsellor in the Supreme Court and the Court of Chancery. Shortly after this he entered into partnership with Mr. Georj^e Babcock, and later with Mr. Herman B. Potter. Phe last named jj^entleman retired from the firm in 1S44, and in 1S46 Mr. Spauldinji formed a co-partnership with the late John Ganson, and toi,'ether they conducted a larj>^e and lucrative business for four jears, at the end of which time Mr. Spauldinj^ relinquished the active practice of his nrofession. Mr. Spauldintf married, in 1S37, a dauj^^hter of the late G. B. Rich, of Attica; Mr. Rich was the proprietor of the Bank of Attica, and b)' the advice of Mr. Spauldinj;»^, the bank was removed to this city. The bank continued to transact its business under the old name until a few years aiifo, when it was chani'-ed to that of the Commercial Bank of Buffalo. In 1S50, too, Mr. Spauldintj was instrumental in the removal of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank from Batavia to Buffalo. In this bank he became a lari^i-e stockholder, and was in a short time made its president. Not alone has Mr. Spaiddin^' been successful in business, but he has also made an enviable record for himself in the line of public service. The first public position which he was called upon to occupy was that of City Clerk, to which office he was appointed in 1S36, two years after his arrival in the city. In 1841 he was elected a member of the Board of Aldermen by a larji^e majority, and durinif his term of office served .is chairman of the Finance Committee, a position for which he was most admirably fitted. He was elected Mayor on the Whi^ ticket in 1H47, and durinj^ his administration the Buffalo Gas Light Company was set on foot largely through his efforts ; a system of sewerage, which was greatly needed, was also adopted ; the plans for the formation of the i CANAPA AM> HI:K iHMMKKlK. Kric ;iiul Ohii) basins, ami (or ilio inipriniii|L,'' aiul cnlai-i^iii^- o( tlio t'acilitics o( iIk' <:,\\\h\ aiul the lake chiiimk-iv*.', wore cwisiimniatoil. Ilo w.is cIolIciI a iiK-m- bcr of (ho State Assoinhly in 1H4S, aiul perfiinnoil notable seiviees lor the canals of Huffalo as chairman of the Canal Coniniitt.e. The lollowinj^"' year he was elecieil to the 'I'hirty-first Conj^Tess, and serveil on the Conunittee of I'DreitT'i Relations. Ho was elected State IVoasiiror in 1S5;}, and became, ox- officio, a member of the Canal Hoaril, serving*- as such during 1S34 aiul i'^55. nuriiijL,'' his term, aiul larj^-ely through his instrumentality the canals were en- laigod and improved, and nine millii>n dollars borrowed on the credit of the Stale expended in the improvements. He was a member of the Congressional Hxecutive aiul State Committees in 1S60, which conducted the successful campaign which resulted in the election of /Vbraham IJncoln as President. In 1S5S he represented Erie Count)' in the Thirty-sixth Congress, and also in irl\ applied imcHi,i,'ontI\ . I L- prac- (Kally ivtiivil iVi^iii tlu' aclivo puisiiil nl' hiisinoss some wars atji), alllu^iij^h ho is siill ai llu- IknuI o\ iIk' l-'aniKTs" aiul Mechanics' l^mU. In suninior he spomls ihe jL,nvater portion ot his time at his elej^ant eoimlr) seat on Cnanil Islaiul, which he lias aiiproprialel)' nameil " Kiver Lawn." In personal appearance, Mr. Spaiiklinj^ is tall, sleiiiler, and of distinv,^uished appearance looking,'' ever\' incli the veneiahle Statesman. lie cairies his years with remarkahle vij^or, and there is a remarUahle similarilx hetween him anil l^niL^hind's " ^--rand old man, ' Mr. Ciladstone. 'i"he same luminous eyes, lirni nunith ami stronj^"^ features are to he seen in hoth. In fact, Mr, Spauklinjn is a worthy American ci>unterpart of the t;reat r]n,t,''lishman. Moth are renowned for their ipiick, masterly jrni.sp of financial c|uestii>ns, fov their scholarship ami their widel)- ditVused knowledi^^e of human all'airs. Moth have been and arc leailers of men. Mr. Spauldin_i,s in his ripe old aj^e, his faculties fresh as ever, can be rej^^u'dcd with somethinj^" akin to affection by his fellow countrjinen. HlvkLIX riANO cSj OKC.AX CO., Lrn. The Merlin Piano iS: C^rj^an Co., Ltd.. of Merlin, Ontario, is a proj^^ressive institution. L\>mmencin_i»' business in iScjo, its success has been unprecedented, and their ^oods are represented by the ver\ best hi>uses in the trade from Sarnia to Halifax. Amoni,^st others we mijL;ht mention Ciourla)-, Winter iS: Leemint;, Toronto; J. L. Ornie tS: Son, Ottawa; L. \\. N. Pratte, Montreal; Lavi^'^neur & Hutchison, Ouebec ; H. C. Wilson & Sons, Sherbrooke, P.O. ; C. Flood tS: Sons, St. John, \.M. ; W. H. Johnson Co., Halifax; K. II. Munn & Co., Winnipej^'^ ; M. W. Waitt & Co., Victoria, M.C. They have also built up a j^ood forei^ni trade, having'- a^'cncies in Hamburj,^, Germany ; London, ICn,i,>'land; and lulinburirh, Scotland, 'i'heir factor}- is run to its fullest capacity, and there is o\w fact on which the ci>mpan\ particularl)- pride them- selves, and that is, that they have never been i)blij^a'd ti> shut down a sinj^le day for want of business since they commenced i>perations every insttument is sold before being c<"»mpletcd. Their pianos are beautiful in desij^^n and finish, while their ort»-ans are noted for fullness and sweetness of tone and ,i,neat dura- bility. l.WAPA ANl> III;K llVM.MKRl K. /.> 'I'lu- ullkois o\ iIk- t-Dmpaiiv iu*.- J. M. Suu'lilor, I'lvsiik-iil ; I'". (.1. (.liiriliiu-r, Sc'Ci\'iar\ (ulu)is alsD cxcliisiw ai^a-nl K>i" llu' sale o\ thoir i^v>i>ils in Waterloo Ci>iiMt\ ) ; r. S. Laiiteiisc'lilajLjor, 'rieasnrei' ; John W'csk'x (so Umj^' ci'iiiK'CloiJ uilh ilii' ni>niinion Oij^aii anJ I'iano Co., Itownianvillf) is nianaj^'or. I'Ik- faftoi)' is fully (.-iinipinHl with all tin- latest iin|tro\i'il niachinorv, is pleasantly situateil near tlie liiaiul 'rriink railway eiossin_t,f on Kiiij,^ street, ami shippinj,'' faeilities are exeellent. A eorclial invitation is exteiuleil to any and all siranirt'is visitinj^ the town to call at (he faelory, when the nianaj^-'er ov his assistants will he iniieh pleaseil to slunv them instruments in the different siaj^'^es i>f eonslruetiiMi. We hespeak ri>r this company a loni; and successful career. JAMHS ROniXSON. James Rohinson has at 20H 210 McGill Street, Montreal, one i>f the finest premises either in this cil\ or elsewhere in ct>nnection with the sIuh* trade. The buildinj^' is 40 \ 100, containinj^" four flats and a hasement. Mr. Kohinson is a j^'cntleman who has well ileserved the success he has won in the shoe business, and there is no one in the wlu>lesale or retail trade w lu> will not wish him in the new estahlishmeiit the best possible lutnre. lie has a complete stock and can handle a lari,>'e trade in rubber ^Toods as well as leather. He will be well represented, his hustlers beiiii;^ Messrs. n. R. Hawley, R. C. Murray, H. W. Hood, l\ W. Hills, J. I-. A. Morrison, and he is makin^^ arran^^ements [o be represented in the North- West and Lower Provinces. His samples embrace everythiui,'' j^ood and brijL,''ht in shoe manufacture in this country, and he is showing'' a complete line of American slippers. He claims to have the finest line o\' children's and infants' shoes in the country. Mr. Robinson has for over fifteen years been a member of the Dominion Commercial Travellers' Association. '74 lANAPA AMI IIKK «.<>.M.\li:Kl K. rill': co\i:\A.\r muti'al mI'M-fit associaiion oi- GALi:SIU'KG, ILLINOIS. Canadian Dkiakimknt. I KI I.IIOl.li LOW llfll.DINt., r(»l:t)Nlit. (iNIVKlo, A II. IIOOM.K. (;|;NI;UAI MWA'.I.K. AiMMinenI ^yitem. Mutual I'rinclple. On January ()th, 1S77, the ahi>vo pillar amoiij,'' insurance C(»mpanies spranjt,»- inti> existence. 1 1 tloes uoi transact its business 1)11 i>lil line principles, Init qualilies under the latest and most appnived insurance laws. Its operations are purely mutual in thi broadest acceptation o( the term, and its policy hoUlers derive full returns from all receipts received by the association. At the close of the first year of its existence, it boasted S44 members aiul $2,475,000 of insiu'ance in force ; but so favorable has the verilict of the people been with rej^ard to this association, that in less than eij^rjiteen \ears from or^ani/atii>n, it had over 45,000 policy hoUlers, $1,500,000 in assets, aiul $1,000,000 in surplus. It occupies ;'.n intermediate position between those based on the purelv co-operative and net valuation systems; thus, the defects of the former ami the needless requirements of the latter, are done away with. To-day it has $i(^'),ooo,ooo of insurance in force, and $S,ocx),ooo in losses have been paid. Ol^K: can readily see that the above association is iu>t only above reprtiach, but olVers nu)st llatlerinj^' inducements to intenJinj^r insj.rers. It has on dept>sit over $5^^,ocx) with the Insurance Department of the Oominon of Ca;,a«.la, and $itK),ocx) with the Insurance nepartment o '>e State of Illinois. Its business is derived from every healthy section of the land, and its size has increased year by year, utitil now we can name the companies that are laij^a'r upon the linj^a«rs of a sinj^^le hand. Growth in the ^oo{.\ will of the insur- inj^ publtc, ^M-owth in the modern labor-savinj^^ methods of iloinji the work, j^rowth in the adopiion of attractive and advantaj^^'ous featun > ft>r the benefit of its patriMis, and j^J-rowth in the solid, prosperous condition of its finances, have all kept pace with tliis sterlinj^ company';-, development in si/e, makinjr it to-day a splemlid success in every way, an ornament to the system of insurance, of which it is so prominent an example and a lastiiu^ monument to the couraj^'^e. ■^r" f.WADA AM) m;K lO.MMKKi '75 uistliiiii aiul pLMscvcMaiKo of the mumi who have j^^ivcn of the best years of their lives ti> the hrini,nnir alioiit of this spleiurul success. The heail olT'ovs are located at Cialeshur^'^, IHiiu>is, aiul t'-e offices of the Miana^ement for Canada are in the l-'reehold Loan Huildin^s foronlo, where Mr. A. II. Iloover, the treneral nianaj^a-r, is to be found in charj^e, who will explain all the iletails ami \\i>rkin^>-s of the Association. 'I he Covenant Mutual now has about 3,000 policy holders in Canada, with $3,oo(i,0{)() ol insurance in force, and has paid the widows and orphans atui beneliciaries of its lieceasi-il members in Canada alone, at this date, January 1, rS()5, over $200,000, Its new and attractive policy ci>ntracts are meetinj,^ with favor by the insur- inj,"- public, and provide every possible feature of advanta^'^e that can be offered for the price askeil. We cheerfully recommend mir friends and members to interview Mr. Iloover or his representatives, who will readily convince any rij>^ht-miiuleil, thii?kinj^«^ man that his du'.v to his family or depeiulents is to secure a policy in the ok\ reliable Covenant Mutual of Galcsbur^'^, Illinois. MAMMAcrrui: oi- Misciirrs nv maciiimikv. 'I'he manufacture of biscuits by machinery is a nuulern industrv , scarcely exceeilins^ fifty )ears oKI in C'lreat Hritain. The writer's aci|uaintance with the inilustry in Toronto bej^an in \H^H. The first maker known to the writer in Toronto was a Mr. Cubiit, who carried tin the manufacture i>f h.iml-maile crackers and horse-cakes, not the modern looil for the war-lu>rse, but a variety of ^nn,i,a'r-bread, made iri the form of a horse, but more like something' to swear In , bein).,^ neither like an\ thinj^^t'tn the earth beli>w, oi- t!ie heavens above. His place of business was about two doors south of Cieranl street, on the east siile of Wm^^e street. Oaniel Cle.il, whose place of business was on K\\^^ street, south side, be- tween Jarvis and Cieorj^fe streets, had the first nuulern biscuit machine which I know of. It was scarcely ever useil. Later on, David Maitland put in; ma- chine. 1 never saw th ^ proilucl of either machine ; both were for hand power. Several other bakers made a few hand crackers and a few biscuits. Lilward lANAIVX Wn IIKK I OMMI'KCi:. \-\l Liiwson was the ik'xI u> iiso Dunk'ni iii;uliiiK'r\ . on ihe coi'ikm' i>l Yoiij^o and ToinporaiK'o siiwls. Aboiil llu- sanu- liiiK-, John \asniitli .i,''a\o (.oiisidorabK- altoiuiiin u> liuist.iiii niakinjL; tor tlu' ti;uk\ and i<;o\ ci>nsHK'rahIo v.'ivilil \oy a ilispla\ t>r his pri)dncis al iho Inst I nk-rnalional l*!\liihilion lu'KI in I'aris. lulward La\\sv>n sokl ont his Toronto hnsinoss ti> PoiljLjson, Shiolds ^ MorliMi, and n-nunod lo Alhion, addini,-- IIimh- niiUin^ \o liis hiscnit bnsinoss, L'hoap wator-piiui'r was tho indnk.\Mn(.'nl. l")oil<^>-siiii, Shiokis iS^ Morti>n and John N'asniith diil most o\ ihc city and noij^''hhorinjL; business in biscuits, pnil* a tpianlilx ol soda biscuits wore im- ported from the I'nited States tor this niarUei. About this time iNs^ 7 \\ ni. Christie bei^an the manufacture o( haiul- maik" liiscuits. Later on 1N5S lie put in a ver\' primitive machine, sharini,'' the traile with John Nasmith. lulward l.awsonanil Hoii^json, Shields tS: \li>rton. The next decade saw man\ new men enj^Mife*.! in the business. lU-aty it Sleiman, Cieorj^e Coleman, (.ieo. ConsUible, P. Slatter, Ci. S. iS: A. Wills. I'he latter firm boui^dit out the plant pui in b\ some parlies from ihe I'nited Stales, on 'he ci>rner oi May and .Ailelaiik- streets, w lu^se name I canni)t recall. In |S()S, Alex. Hrmxn joined Win. Christie in establishinj.^ the linn o\ Christie, Urown i\: i!o. About a \ear later, Win. Hessin aikleil biscuit making; ti> his confectionery business. Kobertsi>ii Mros. commenceil biscuit makiiiju; i>n the corner o\ N\>iij^e aiul Trinitx streets. Iinall\ removim^ \o their prescnl place o\ bnsines'. ou Oueen street east. One b\ one all dropped out oi biseuii makinj^, linilini^ more prohiable em- pkn iiient o\ their capital in i>ther branches o\' their business, aiul the liekl was praclicall) divided between Wm. }|essin ami Christie, Rrown 6t Ci>. Wm. Hessin has been succeeded b\ the Toronto Hiscuit and Confectit>ner\ Cc*. The »>nly one o\' the oM brij^Mile left is Christie, Hrown ^: Ci>. 'The latest adilition lo the biscuit brii^ade is that o\ Tail ^ Stm : lhe\ can scarce!) be said ti^ be uiuler lull heaiiwav \ei. 0\' course, makers in other parts «»f this ami other countries ha\e maile raids on the I oronti> traile, but the busi- ness tif suppl) inj4^ biscuits to the citizens o( 'Toronti> is chielly in the haiuls of its own manufacturers. 'Ti>ronto, as a biscuit maniifactiirinji,'^ centre, has tpiite a ^ooi\ reputati.MMKKl. K '7: CKO. LUOSniN iS: CO. riio linn of Messrs. Luj^scliii i\: Co., sacUllc, hanu'ss ami inink iiiami- lacliirors, No. i 15 N'onj^o sttvct, Toronto, is iho host known finn in that line o\ hnsiness, anil has iiiuloiihioilly the host oonnootii>ns o( any similar lirni in tho nominion. it was ostahlishoci in tho soar iS()gh\ its prosont pR-tpriotors, Cioo. Liij^'^sdin anil I". I). Barnott, anil from tho first has heon a siKCt'ssful vonturo. Tho t'aoti>ry itself is a spacious hiiililin^'- 30 \ 100 feet in area, five sti>rios hivr'i. 'hhI are ailaptoil to tho roquiremonts o\ the trade. Owv 30 skilleil workmen find con- slant employniont in it. Mr. Ctco. Lu^''sdin is an Hnj^-lishman h\ hirth. I le came to Canada in the year 1.S52, and settled in Toronto. He commenced his mercantile life at the ajjo ot IS. as an apprentice to Mr. John Ciritlfiihs, Kinj^^ street, whore ho remained for five Noars, afterwards takinjr iho foremanship oi Messrs. Stuart ^ Co. s husi- iioss on N'onj^a' street, which position ho hold for a period of ten years. The firm carr\ a complete line o\ host Tinj^^lish and American whips, saddles and horse clothinj^^. .Also their lijie of carriaj^^o harness is unsurpassed for latest dosij^n and workmanship in America. 'This uoll-known firm also make a sfiCiialty of all (ommcicial ginnls in I he Hue of trunks and s(ini/>li' rases, ivliidi //as }>ivcn them a name. \o\\ will always find them at the old stand with prices to suit your wants, Trv them. co.\ii:i)i<: RATI ON LI it: association. The annexed cut i>f the head olVico huildintjof the Confedoratii>M Life Asso- ciation roprosonis o\w o! tho finest commercial hiiildinys which adorn the i^ueon City i»f the West. The huildini,'^ is well situated in tho centre i>l" tho hnsiness portion of the city. The Association was orj^ani/od and commenced husinoss in the latter part of 1K7 1, and is wow firmly ostahlishod in puhlic conliiUnco. I ncorporaieilh) an Act oi the Parliament of Canada, i'-. hnsiness restricted to the l")i>minion i>f Canada and Newfoundland, it ranks as a purely Canadian compaiu , occupsinj^ a foremost place amonji^^st all the life companies doinj,'^ husinoss in Canada. The policy w hich has always j^mernod its maiiaifomont, while conservative and careful 178 CANAn.V ANP IIKR COMMKIU K. 1 I to protect the best interests of its policv-lioKlers in so far as the j^^reat aim of lif«. insurance is concerned, namely, security and protection, has yet been hberal and proj^i^ressive, affordini,^ to tiiem all those privilej^-^es and benefits consistent with safety. The officers and directorate oi' the company comprise man\ well-known businessmen. I'he presiilent, the Him. Sir \V. P. Ilinvlaml, CB, K.<.". M.Ci. who is also president of the London and Canailian Loan and .XtfencN Company, has occupied this piisition for over twenty Ncars, succeedinj.^' i'l this i>ffice the late Hon. Sir l^Vancis Hincks, K.CM.Ci., who was the first president of the Association. The vice-presidents are Ldwarcl Hooper, l*]si|.. vice-presiilent o\ the Canada Permanent Loan and Savintj's Companx', Toronto; W. H. Ideally, Ivsq., barrister, vice-president of the I^ank of 'I'oronto anil of the Lonilon and Ontario Investment Company. The directors are : Hon. James N'oun^, t'lalt. president of the Waterloo l''ire Insurance Compaiu ; S. Nordheimer, Lsq., imperial Cicrman Consul, ioronio ; W. H. Ciibbs, l^sq.; A, McLean Howard, i^sq.; J. n. Ld^ar, b!si|., \LP., barrister; Walter S. Lee, l'!sq., mana^fins^- director Western Canada Loan and Savinj^^s Company ; Alfred L. Ciooderham, H.sq., vice-president 'I'oronto Silver Platinj^- Conq->an\- ; W. !>. NLitthews, l{sq., j^^rain merchant, director of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company and of the Hominion Hank; Cieori|e Mitchell, Lsq., merchant, Halifa.x, N.S.; Frederick Wyld, Lsq., Wyld, Cirasett and l)arlint,^ Toronto, director Standard Hank of Canada and of the London and Ontario Investment Compan\, The manaifiiij^r-ilirector, Mr. J. K. Macdonald, who has occupieil this posi- tion and };juided the affairs of the compaii)' for over twenty years with disiin- _i,^uished success was o^^c of its orii,'-inal promoters, and duriniLj' the first years of the company vice-president. Mr. W. C. Macdonald, who holds the position of actuary, has a service of over thirteen years with the company, and «as appointed to his present position in 1KS7. He studied under Mr. I). Parks I*'ackler, the well-know n consultiu);^ actuary of \ew York. The Association has a well-orj^Mni/ed arid efficient a^renc) staff. The pro- vincial organizations are under the followiii)^ jronilemen, all of whom have been connected with the Association for many )ears : Manitoba, Hritish Columbia and the North-VV'est Territories I"). McDonald, inspector, Charles L. Kerr, cashier, Winnipej^'^ ; Maritime Provinces and Newfoundland I*". W. Green, CANADA AND IIKR lOMMKRCE. 179 inan;i}4'or, Auj^'^ustiis Allison, sccrctarx', Halifax, N.S.; Province of Ontario J. 'Tower HomI, superintendent at head ollice; Province of Oiiebee H.J. Johnston, nianatjer, Montreal, and Mr. Mi>)d, superintendent. L : IAN.\I>.\ AM) IIKK ll>.MMi:iilland and tjufbcf lo Niaj^ara i-alls, Dolroit, Port Hini>n, Milwaukee anil C'liica^fn. passin^ ihroiigli Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, London, ami the most |iopiilous cities and towns in Canada. I'asscnfjers travellinff via this Cireal International Ul'NK Line, cross the St. Lawrence River at Montreal over the utirld-renou ruil \ icioria Tiilnilar Uridj^-e, neariv two miles \on^ ; and while crossinj^ the wtll-known Suspension Mrid^e o\er the \'i.'ij,'ara Kiver, a mairniliceni view is oliiuined of the Whirlpool Rapids and the majestic Xia^^fara h'alls. This AILW.AN' is double tracked between Montreal, ToroiiUi and Hamilton. Dining; cars are run on the Southern Division between N'iajf.ira Kails .nnd Detroit, furnishing the best and most elabor.ite meals at reasonable prices. This Company heinj; the lirsi to establish a nininj,' Car Service, enjoys the ilisiinction of bein^ the " Pioneer Dining Car Line." THROUeri TICKETS ISSUED TO ALL PRINCIPAL POINTS IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES. PULLMAN OR WAGNER PALACE CARS ON ALL EXPRESS TRAINS. TOl'RiS r riC'KL IS on sale during the Summer season by numerous routes lo all points, including the Mu.^koka Lakes. riu>usand Islands and Rapids o( the Si. l.avvrence. Lake Cham- plain, Lake lieorge. While .Miv.mtains. Portland aiul other Maine Seaside Resi>rls, Lake Si. John, Saguen.iv River, etc., etc. Arpl> to .iny oi the C'i>mpan\s .\j.;ents, ot U. Aj^enis of connecting lines, for maps, time- tables, descriptive advertising, etc., and full in'orniation. N J. POWER, G»n. Pass. Mijvnt. G. T. BELL, Asst. Gin. Pass. Aytiit. L J. SEARGF.ANT, Gineral Manayvr. II l-.\N.\n.\ AN!) IIKR lOMMKRCi:. BANK OF MONTREAL. . . . ISt'ii'rAlSIvlMIIICI) tf*lT . . . INCORPORATED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT. Cai.iital all p.'iid tip, Resserve l-'unti, HEAD OFFICE, MONTREAL. »oar& of S>ircctor3. Hon. Sir O, A. Smith, K.C.M.C, IVesidml. K. M CiKi:i\siiii-:i.iis, Msg. Hon. Cm. A. Dki m.monp. Vice rn-sident. W. C". Mi DoNAi.n, hiso. .A. T. P.mi'.kson, ICsg. Wos. Sik J. (". AiiHori, K.f.M.d. HuuH MiLenn.an, Ksy. R. H, .Am. is, Ksij. \V. H. .\1kki 1)1 1 II, lisij. K. S. Ci.oi sioN, General Mana^'er. .Al.KX.wni.K L.wr., .\ssi. (iiii. .Miina^oi . A. M.AiNiDHK, Lhiol Inspector, aiul Superintendent ol Hraiu lies. Ht'iiH Biiii.WAN, Assl. Superintendent of Branches. J. M. (ikk \ i \. A^st. Inspector. Branched in CannNi. MONTKK.M,, .... II. \ Mkkkmim, M.iiwmT. Do. West Inil Uramli, .Si. (^iilitiuu' Mrcti. AI.MONTi:, 0\1 (lODKKlCII, ()M. m:w wi;si \iiNSTr.K, m . ST. jollN, \. 11 BKI.I.KVILI.F, %i CUIl.l'll. " OITAW.X. OM. ST. M A UN'S, Om Hk.WTIOkl). »• II.M.IIAN, N. S. I'luni. ■|C)K(i\ Hi, " hK()( K\ Il.I.K. 4i IIA.MILION, OM. I'i'i i;ki«)Ii k. WAi.i..\( i.iii ki; , Om CH.MMAM, O.sr. LONDON, t ( KI.(.IN.\, A-y :in A. I ul l',irli,imi-nl. it l.i-cami- a i.topiuliry Hank «illi n miI.m iil.id CAPITAL OF $2,000,000. Thi^ capilal, willi llu a.-, uiiuilainl icMTve, arc am|.lr sftiiiiu l<'i ihc ilr|...sil(irv. Ihc SA\ INC.S HANK can iiivi>i ciily in I iM.ial md l'r..%inl M... k-. rf;nlil> . .mvirlil'k inl" la^li. I'A law 111.- liaiik is nl.liij.-.l U< kcr|. m.l K'^s llian l«inty i" r o in. ..| ih.- amouin nf ii, ,l,|.iKiN in i ..unn-n. ni ^l■.•llli tic-., Ill cadi •ll•|Hl^ill•|| III iliailiiMJ Hanks. 'I'HI--. liANlN l>i)liH N«>-1' I.KNK ON .\ I < >K'I < J A< 1 1'.H. Wluii the Hank oMain.'.l its n.w charier, in 1S71. llic acciinmlalcd pinliN ^'»''"'y''^^'''f'^'''''l':' «■'•'.'• invest. d iiii.l. 1 a,„l„,ril) lie Icdeial i..ivcrnni.iil in Miini.ipal I t.li.ntn.cs n.nsliiminy ll..' " POOk hUNI), ili.- inl.r. si ,,l »l,i.h is yiMily .lisiiil.iil.-d ti. the in. i.i|".rali-d ( MiarilaM.' liisliliili..ns i.t llu- rily. There are four branches of this Hank located In the city to afford jcrentcr fncllitie.* to depositors. The deposits now amount to $8,000,000, and the number of depositors to ^5.<»oo. Tlic ITcsi.lcnt .d ilic Hank is ihc 1 1( )\( iK A HI K I hWAKD Ml Kl'l I S , .Si-nal..i : il..- \ 1. .■ I'r.si.l, i,i .\l.l Kl !> L,\I«)C(^L'K, Kxi-, and ilu' Mana^.r is III . SKI HAI.«., Ml', /*'•.' i/,ii/ Tiii.MAs Kmiiii , I'.sy.. / /../><•.;sy II. in II. II. Ill I.I K. M.I..1: D. H. IM'NCAN, Caithler AOKNi ii>;h. C !•; Ilfirris, AkI IUiim um , I A.sri...iNisii N S, C !•; Ilfirris, AkI IUiim u>r, N.ll , J llMiiyAKt. . BniI>.ii;w.Ail.H, N.S.. \V S. riiiiptr, .\Kt Ciiah 1...tti;t..\v.n, !■ K I . I''. H Ariiaiid, AkI.. H.iKcm.si i:h, N.ll, I'- McD.Miunll, AKt-. Hm.i'UKii r.iN N.ll. W !•'. Mil.li. II, AkI r.rssii.iK.i, N S .T. <5 A. I'aikrs, AkI.; KIN..S1..N, N II , J. M Abliill Agt . I,.iNI>.).NDM, N.S , I> Cnniit.m, Aal.. Mi.NcroN, N II, I Truiu.ir, Ailiiij! Aul . M.iNrHi;.\i. (.",,/.,■ IhiHif II ) v.. A. M.Ciir.lv, Man.. Nii-.vcAsn.i., N.H.. juhii McKiiil.-, AkI.. fICTi.r, N.S , C. K Cliish..liii, AkI. r.iK i H.VWKI sill RV J. A. Mnilsai.c Ant.. Sackviiii N H., K McDuiiurII. AkI . SI MMI R 1. 1' K.I.. I'- W. .M.iri i»oii, AkI.. Svii.MiV N.S., J. H. liiiiclull, AkI.. Trik.i, N S , .>farliii IJlckK- AKt.; WKVM.irni, N.S., I) K.mi). AkI . W.mh.skick, N.B.n A liiylur. AKt ■ M.iNTRi.Ai. IlKANcii, K I.. I't-ane .Mki . CORKKSI'ONUKNIS. iv.niini.iii '.ICniiHila MuRiiiA.Nri*' Hank of Canaha Ncwr.lllll.lllUI.I IINM.N HANK of N I WI-.ilN HI. AMi lliTiiiii.ln Hank o( IIirmipa, 1,1.1. IN UNITCO aTATES. Nrw York, N.Y. . CiiASi Naiionai. Hank B.,iil.jii . Nati.inai Him AMI l.iAriiiK Bank. Chiiugo Ami MKAN Hxciian.,i-. Nai i.inai. Hank. IN lONOON, CNQLAND Hank oI Scui anil IN PARI*. VRANCK. CHKI-^M I.VONNAIS. 'I'llC BANK '" NEW BRUNSWICK. iNCntlPOHtMF.D 1820. Capital Paid Up, Rest, • ■ ■ $500,000. S525.000. lJlKh(.l()Ws. Hon. |. I). l.i;\viN, . . PrfsiJtnl. |..ii\ ViiAis, . \i.i-l'ivsiilini. C. II. i'"AIK\\l:.\llll K. S. JoMs. W. \\ . it K.VlIt 1 I . Gto. A. Schofield, ManitKer. Joshua Clawson, Cuxhlrr ST. JOHN. N.B. January ISth, if*u4 I IV lANAMA AMI m.|{ i i>MMi:|. Hkad ()i kick, MONTKBAL. BOARD OF DIRECTORS : JACQUES GRENIER. Esq., Prusident. GEORGE BRUSH, Esq., Vice-Pret ident- M. BRANCHAUD, Esq. WM. FRANCIS. Esq. CHS. LACAILLE, Esq. ALPHONSE LECLAIRE. Esq. A. PREVOST. Esq. J. S. BOUSQUET, Cashier. WM. RICHER. Asst.-Cashier. A A. GAGNON, Inspector. BRANCHES: t^l KHKl, H.\SSI>\'ll.l.i:, r. H. |)l MlM I IN, .t/ll)l. t 0.\ I K IU)K, I'.lJ., J. H. lilAOKKAl , . !/(/«. giKHKi, St. RiUM. \'.\r. I.avoik. " Si. (.■.mhi-kim: Si ki i:i li am , Mom kkai.. Thkkk Rivkks. VJi I-. , I'. I'i. PA\MiH>N, " .\. Ki>i u\ii:k, '• Si. Ji:an. gii... I'm. Ha. moin. ' Xoirk-Pamk Sikkki VVksi. .Momke.al. Si. Rkmi. Q[\.., C. Hi;i>aki). " || s^, \\ ^y^^^ Si. Jkki»mk, gi>. , J. A. Thi-hi-ki.I'., AGENTS IN CANADA. (.>MAHii> MoNons Miink aiul HriiiKlics. N'lU a Shuta Hank oi Nina .Scotia. Nkw Hki nswu k Hank otMontroal. Pkim k ICpwako Isi.'n .Mcrch'ls Hk. otHalifax. AGENTS IN THE UNITED STATES. N'kw N'okk -National Hank »>l iho Rcpublii . Hi>sro\ -The Konok- Naiional Hank. FOREIGN AGENTS. Enhlanp The Alliance Hank. Ltd., London. Kkani k I.o Credit l.yomiais, Pari.s. LETTERS OF CREDIT AND CIRCULAR NOTES FOR TRAVELLERS ISSUED AVAILABLE IN ALL PARTS OF THE WORLD. i\N.\l»\ \M> INK I O.MMKKl i:. Incorporated I8IH . . QUEBEC BANK 110 St. Peter, Corner St. James. Paid-up Capital, Autl^orlzed Capital, Reserve, - $2,500,000 3,000.000 - 550,000 DIRECTORS: R. H. SMITH. President. W. WITHALL. Vice-President. SirN. F. Belleau, K.C.M.G. J. R. Young. G. R. Renfrew. S. J. Shaw. John T. Ross. J. STEVENSON. General Manager. W. R. DEAN. Inspector. DIVIDENDS. Isl June aod 1st December. ANNUAL MEETING. 1st Monday In June. BOARD MEETINGS. Every Tuesday and Friday, OFFICE HOURS. u) u.m. lo \ p.m. rti>m I si M;t\ lo I si [">{:<.. in. [o 2 |vin., hoin isl Pci-. U> ist Ma\ .iBranchci^ in Caua^a : .VIONTHKAL. giK. - , rK.MHUOKl , I Vv 1 (.)( i.\\\ A, Om. j I'lioKiM n, iKi ToKOMO, Om. I liiKiii UiMKs. gi !■: AGENTS IN LONDON. ENG. The Bank of Scotland. AGENTS IN NEW YORK. The Bank of Bi itish Noith Amer ca. Garon. Pentland X Stewart, solicitors. W. N. Campbell, notary. Collections made throughout Canada, the Unite! • NEW YORK AND STFRLING EXCHANGE Slates ami Great Britain * BOUGHT AND SOUD. e> A^ ^.-.-v-v. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / ^ // ^/ Q- 1.0 I.I 1.25 2.5 [f ii^ 111 1^ 12.2 1^ 1.4 2.0 1.6

- X VI CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. Bank of Nova Scotia. [Incorporated 1832.] 4'n|iital, $I,.%ertson, Asst. -Manager. In West Indies— Kingston, Jamaica, W. E. Stavert, Agt. CORRESPONDENTS. Dominion of Canada— Merchants' Banlc of Canada and branches : Hank of Kritish Columbia. Qreat Britain — London. Koyal Bank of Scotland: Scntland Koyal liank cif ScotLmd and branches New- foundland—Union Bank ol Newfoundland. St. Pierre, Mlquelon— l^a liaui|ue des lies, St. Pierre et Miquelon. United States — New York, Bank of New York. N. B. A.; Boston, Meich^nts' ^ational Bank ; San I-'rancisco, Bank of British Columbia INCORHORATKD 1«04. PEOPLE'S BANKIlHALIFAX. Paid-up Capital, Reserve Fund, $700,000. 160,000. DIRECTORS. AUGUSTUS W. WRi-T, Esy., Presidknt. W, J. COLEMAN, Ksy., Vick-President. PATRICK O'ML'LLIN, Esq. JAMKS FRA^^ER, Esq. HON. MATTHEW H. RICHHV. HSAD Okkice, - Halikax, N.S. JOHN KNIGHT, CASHIfcH. M. HENR . RICHEY, Insp U. R. CLARKF, Accountant. AGENCIES. Hahi-ax, (North End' F. E HALLS, Acting Agent KuMUNSTON, N.B T. J. COCHRAN, Agent. Woodstock, N.B O. A. WHITE, Agent. Shediac, N.B E J. COCHRAN, Agent. LuNKNUURO, N.S G. N C. HAWKINS, Agent Woi.i-vii.LE, N.S G. W. MUNRO, Agent Windsor, N.S J. C. LITHGOW, Agent. North Svdnhv, C B W H. GOSSIP, Agent. Port Hood, C.B . . R. H. McDONALD. Act'g Agt FRASERViLLi;, P.y JEAN TACHE, Agent. Established 1825. Incorporated 1872. THE HALIFAX BANKING GO, Capital Paid up, $500,000. Reserve Fund, $250,000. Pkksiuknt, - - KOBIB UMACKE. DIRECTORS. Lkmiiei. J Morton, VicePres. James Thomson. K I). CoKUETT. C. Wlt.I.OUCillllY ANDKRSON ("ASIIIKR, H N. WALLACE. Amherst. ANTKiONISH BARRl.SdTON. Bridgewatbr. AGENCIES. In Nova Scotia. Canning lockkpoht H;.NiMit;K<;. M.W Gl ASdOW 1 AiaSllORO. Sl'RINtiHlLL. I KtlBO. Wl.NDSOR In New Brunswick. St. John. Packvili.k. <'OKKE!«PU>ini:^TH. '. Bop' • • :>^ Youths' . . w of: of »f; >oos< ^yyuQeotfOwooy y yoyui^yowywoooyoy^.; BOOTS AND SHOES. ;i« silIK© Women' Misses'. . Children's . WWW?7WvWWWW7Wv?WWvrH^'r?WT^' . . i:x^ . . Goodyear Welts, McKay Sewed, Pegged and Standard Screw. THE MOST COMPLETE RANGE OF LONG BOOTS IN THE DOMINION. 'i VI II I ANADA A.\n lU'K lOMMRRCK. r '■ t a S O r ffl «H % V ^ 1 ^ I ^ I «H 5 /; 3) o o LU CD LU D a aS h- LU LU QC H CO CO Lj. o q: O ^ CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. IX J. & ^. BEMvI^, "ss;. pine pootcjueap. ®— i^' JOHN T. HAGAR. DUCL08 « PAYAN . . banners . . AMn .VlANlI l'A<.- TURIiKS Ol* ___ BUFF ...^^^SPLIT LEATHER. Boot and Shoe Stiffenings and Shoe Stock. ST. HYACiNTHE, P. Q. On K'oot Nothing Feels better, Looks better, Wears better than a . . SLATBR shop: - - Manufactured by - - Geo. T. Slater & Sons, Montreal, Can. It's a happy combination of every admirable point In a shoe. NOW WOkN BY THOUSANDS OF MONTRRALERS. The SLATER SHOE for Men is. sold in IMontreai by Slater Bros., 249 St. James, NEAR VICTORIA SQ. Wp Polish ni; Shnti Piirchnsed litre -FRCE OF OHAHOl. CANADA AND IIKR COMMKRCE. i I J. A. & M. COTE, MANUFACTURERS OK FINE AND STAPLE "~'^^^- ■as- * BOOTS AND SHOKS ^S ,>^" — — - --^ ?^. Best value in the Market. We also call special attention to our FISHINU BOOTS for the Coast Trade. IN FINE GOODS in addition to all the newest features in manufacture that characterize our well-known sellers, we show lines made from an enfireh' new leather called KANQARORA, which is noted for its softness, pliability and strength, and which takes the place of Kangaroo at about half the price. Oork {Sole l^xir-i^s*, We Call Spixial Attention to our new line of Men's " Yamasca " Rubber Sole Frost-Proof Boot for which we hold Letters Patent. Send for circular and testimonials. ST. HYACINTHE, - - QUEBEC. SEGUIN, LALIME ^^^ CO., Manufacturers of . Staple and Fine Class . Boots iN MEN'S. BOYS' AND YOUTHS'. AND Shoes . WOMEN'S. MISSES AND CHILDRENS. Pegged, McKay Sewed, Standard Screw, Goodyear Welts and Hand Turns .... wvx^^/vwwww« WE manufacture Men's Goodyear Welts in Russia Calf, Russia Kangaroo, Patent Calf, Chrome Kid, Cordovan, American Calf, Genuine Kangaroo, in all the newest cuts of Uppers and the latest styles of Lasts. Our Goods are Standard for Quality, Reliability, Style and Finish. WE GUARANTEE THEH ALL ALIKE. ! i -yiuiiM^mn .■■■^^4i*WHi^wilL WfL«,JI. iA\.\n\ AND iii;k COMAIKRCK. XI R, Smardon s Son, MANUFACTURERS . . AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN . . . I^'^IJVII? . . . Boots and Shoes. ►^' THREE RIVERS, P.. Q. J KINDLY ASK FOR J REINHARDT'S CELEBRATED bRGEf^ 4 BeEH. Sold at all First-Class Places in Montreal. I^O^V^SL ^ HALIFAX, NOVA SCOTIA. (M 00 H Q il X '/} M < CO H > DO r X D 00 This old Alex. Keith & Son, Props. and w.'ll-known Establishment continues to maintain its high reputation for manufacturing and PORTER, not excelled by any produced in Canada. ALE XII CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. DAWBS & CO. Brewers and Maltsters LACHINK, P.Q. OPFICES 521 St. James Street, nONTREAL. 30 Buckingham Street, HALIFAX. 383 Wellington Street, OTTAWA. __ J;^^ CANADA AND HKR COMMERCE. ■ fl • XUI aim. Dooi & Co., BREWERS AND MALTSTERS, Chaboillez Square, Montreal. India Pale, Pale, XXX and XX Ales, Crown Extra Double and Single Stout, in Wood and Bottle. Bell Telephone 359. The public are cautioned against dealers who re-use our labels on bottles filled with other Ales. The following City Bottlers are alone authorized to use our trade mark Labels, viz ; WM. BISHOP, 53 Dorchester Street. FERGUSSON & HUMPHRIES, 36 Adeline Street. THE T. J. HOWARD BOTTLING CO., 683 Dorchester Street. THOMAS KINSELLA, 241 St. Antoine Street. J AS. VIRTUE & SON, 19 Aylmer Street. Xl\ CAXADA AND IIKK V OMMKRCK. vr'i BOSWELL & BRO, 13 i I m Ale ^^" Porter Brew eris. ■4 Anchor Brewery, - Quebec. CANADA AND IIKK I O.MMKRCK. XV CAPACITY 165,000 BARRELS ANNUALLY. The O'Keefe BpeoieFy Co., of Toronto, Ltd. In addition ;o ti.e ordinary biands of Ale, Porter and Lager produced, the following special hnes ait kept constantly on hand ; any of which will compare favorably with the best imported. They are brewed from the finest Canadian Barley Malt, and the best English, Bavarian and Washington Territory Hops, viz.: ENGLISH & BAVARIAN HOPPED ALES, in wood and bottles. XXX STOUT AND PORTER. GOLD LABEL ALE, In bottles only. PILSENE.^ LAGER BEER. The Company are just introducing a 50 ton " De La Vergne " Refrigerating plant. The present Com- pany was incorporated in October, 1891. The Directors are E. O'KEEFE, President ,ind Manager; W. HAWK i£, Vice-President and Assistant-Manager; C. J. CAMPBELL, Assistant Receiver General; J. S. PLAYFAIR, Lumber Merchant; LIEUT. COL. MASON, Manager Home Savings & Loan Co , Ltd. XVI CANADA AND HEK COMMERCE. ill! 'I CUD as cu CO 03 03 03 ^Sbbssl CO -J < o O y CO g z I o CO Z < _J o CO KSTABI^ISHiCU ISUO. The Hodiard Bottling Company, ...__....:::.MONTREAL.......:...^ WM. DOW & CO.'S ALES and PORTERS Bottled and Packed for Exportation. TELEPHONE 1031. Personal Attention given to Shipping Orders. O'ROURKE & PURCELL, proprietors. CANADA AND HER COMMKRCK. XVII HALIFAX : BREWERY, 50 Duke Street, BREWERS AND BOTTLERS OF BflVARIflN. PIL8EN, EXCELSIOR, And Export LiagetT. (ioLi) Mkuai.s, — Barcelona, iSS8 j I'aris. 1889; Chi- catjo. 189J. INDIA PALE. U .t^ XXX ALES 5 BROWN STOUT. Ml.nvi and |)ii'i.o.\r.\. Chirago, 1893. JOHN LINDBERG, PROPRIETOR. BdRNS & naRRAY, Importers of Britist), German and French I I I I I I .. I I I I I I St aple & Fancjl M Goofe, AND DEALERS IN American and Canadian Manufactures. HALIFAX, N.S. HERMAN H. WOLFF & CO., WHOLESALE sillllrs WOOLLEN ^^^ GENERAL DRY GOODS MERCHANTS o *^*. — SS»0 :ik[cOill street. MONTREAL. llllf. I /^'y^^^Ku,o JoRorJy 0- WHOLESALE DRY GOODS. WOOLLENS. TAILORS' TRIMMINGS. MENS' FURNISHINGS, &c., &c. -mm- \\\' I'.uiy a lar^i' anil oaroliillv siloiti'il Suk'U inc'liiiliiiL; ilu- lali'sl Nowl- lii's " all llu" MMi lomul. " Out KmIit i>iili'i ami sliippinj^ ili"pai(nu'nls .iiv wi-IJ ii|iiip|H'il, atui all i>iiliMs ii'iimpl ami porsonal atli'n(i(>n. WYLD. GRASETT & DARLING. I AN IDA \Ni> iii:k i 1>,MMI:IU !■: XI \ c 0. J^M. 1^41 .ICP4M« »■«. J.XM. J4 >l ■ rVMI't »IM. James Johnston & Co. . . . IMI'OIM llv's ol ... English, - pfeneh '* and " Gertman Dry Goods. I )i '.' I K r!s in (. \- 1 1 I .' M I i ; I n X- A n u > i i ». •.- 1 1 i \ 1 . 1 1 n 1 1. k 1 1 1 1 \ •>< . A^J WHOLESALE. l>' 'Ji\ S i\ I I !:i.i-:n .Si., Ot>K Wh i. II.I.IC I ^ M<)N'i^k»h:ai, ^^ CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. 11 i ill D. Morrice, Sons & Co., MONTREAL & TORONTO. fflanafaetarers' Agents & General IWerehants. THE DOMINION COTTON MILLS CO., MONTREAL. i|| MILLS Hochelaga, Coaticook, Chambly, Brantford, Kingston, Halifax, Moncton. Windsor, N.S., Magog (Print Works). ^'l^y.^^tonsj- Bleached Shirtings, Bleached and Grev Sheetings, Cotton Bags, Drills, Ducks, Yarns, Twines, Wicks, Prints, Regattas, Printed Cantons, Damasks, Sleeve Lninigs, Printed Flannelettes, Shoe Drills, &c. THE CANADIAN COLORED COTTON MILLS CO., LTD., MILLS at Milltown, Cornwall, 'Hamilton, Merritton, Dundas ; also A. Gibson & Sons, Marysville, N.B. & Hamilton Cotton Co., Hamilton. Shii ings, Ginghams, Oxfords, Flannelettes, Tickings, Awnings, Sheetings, Yarns, Cottonades, &c. "I'^WKJEJOJS Fine, Medium and Coarse ; Blankets, Saddle-Felt, Glove Linings. Flanne ls — Grey and Fancy in all Wool and Union, Ladies' Dress Flannels, Serges, Yarns. Knitted Undefcueaf - Socks \: Hosiery in Men's, Ladies' and Children's. Braid— Fine Mohair for Tailoring Dress Braids and [.inens. Corset Laces, &c. WHOLESALE TRADE ONLY SUPPLIED. fa*L CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. XXI EHTHEPOT pDERdEI HOUVELLE MARCHANDISE I BAS PRIX. vous ?oulez acheter aussi avantageuse- ment que votre voisin! Si Yous avez des coiPinaDdes a donner! Si vous avez des achats a faire! Si vons voulez avoir les dernieres nou- veautes ! - N'OUBLIEZ PAS lENTREPOT MODERNE,— NEGOCIANTS EN NOUVEAUTES EN GROS, ttues St. Antoine et Dalhousie, - - QUEBEC. XXII CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. PERRINS' GLOVES. 7 Victoria Square, -:- fTlONTt^EAli. .MANUFACTURERS ^^^ IMPORTERS OF KID GLOVES. -•^VK A.KH: THE : SbeVE : HOtiSE : OF : CANADA FACTORY : Grenoble, France. BRANCHES : Paris, London, New York, We have constantly on hand a COnPLETE STOCK OF LADIES', HEN'S and CHILDUEN'S GLOVES in all qualities and prices. OUR PRICES ARE ALWAYS THE LOWEST. COLONIAL = HOUSE, Phillips Square. FOR (.ENEKAL DRY GOODS, WOOLLENS. CARPETS, FURNITURE, CiENTS' FURNISHINGS, CLOTHING AND DRUGS. — Patronize the — COLONIAL HOUSE. Mail orders promptly and carefully at- tended to. Henry FIorqan & Co., nONTREAL. Ed. Sghultze, Son & Go., ♦ ♦ ♦ 166 & 168 (DeGiti St., gMoritR^Lj WOOLLEN • FELTS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. CANADA AM> HKK COMMKRCK. XXlli QbOVEt^ 8t BRfllS, Importers and ( Manufacturers of \ MEN'S paRNISHING GOODS « ♦ MONTREAL. • THOMAS LIGGET, Importer of CURTAINS, - SHADES P.^^ DRAPERY, PflREQUBT ART SQUARES, Carpcte **' IRuqs In all Sizes, FOR ROOMS, HALLS, SOFAS, DOORS, SC. 1884 Hotre Dame Street, (DOHTREAIi And Sparks Street, Ottawa. WALTER BLUE, % Clotbinfl p flDanufactutct, I 167, 16? &.)7I WpN™. S^^^^^^ 8HERBR00KE. Que. • • ESTABLISHED IN 1886 JOSEPH HAMEL I GlE., DEALERS IN Canadian Dry Goods, AND IMPORTERS OF French, Enolish OERMAN, A^4D American, Scotch NOVELTIES. WHOLESALE WAREHOUSE : 51 to 57 Dal- housle Street, Quebec. CARPET WAREHOUSE : 62 Mountain Hill, IWen's & Youths' pine Glothina ^,,°:'TJ..,s»,.os . cab,net A SPECIALTY. WARE- HOUSE: 58 8ous-le-Fort St., Quebec. AGENCY IN MONTREAL: 7 Victoria Square . W f ifi i) wii in)i y y r win ! (pi \imv ' " ' t-w g- i ! |M XXIV CANADA AND HRR COMMERCE. JAS. A. CANTLIE & CO., GENERAL MERCHANTS and Manuf^acturers' Agents. Es'ablished 25 Veairs. COTTONS Grey Sheetings, Checked Shirtings, Denims, Cottonades, Tickings, Bags, Yarn, Twine, &c. TWEEDS — l''"S> Medium and Low Priced Tweeds, Serges, Cassimers, Doeskins, EtofFes, Kerseys, &c. FLANNELS — Plai" and Fancy Flannels, Overcoat Linings, Plain and Fancy Dress Goods, &c. KNITTED GOODS— Shirts, Drawers, Hosiery, cS:c. BLANKETS— White, Grey and Colored Blankets. ^ 290 St. James Street, I 20 Wellington St. W., MONTREAL. I TORONTO. Advances made on Consignments. - Correspondence solicited. CANADA AND UKR COMMKRCK. XXV EAGLE • KNITTING - COMPANY IIAVIILTON. MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED fs-n-i j"""''*««s.:~ ^I3ri-T Children's and liadies' Underuieor and Cents' pine Balbriggan and ARCTIC UNDERWEAR. Established 1842. nS OVERCOAT DRESS GOOD ^^^^DS. ^ Q^g, ShefbfooVe, "__ SELLIN8 AGENTS, Jas. A. Cantlie & Co., jfruit * StoraQC SPLENDID COOL STORAGE Boncl or l^ree. BLAIKLOCK BROS., 17 Common St., MONTREAL. JOHN AULD, I'KOI'RIl; IDK CANADIAN CORK CUTTING CO. [By Patent Machinery] Olfica i Facto y : 642 Lagauchetlerj St , Cor, Chinevlil* St., MONTREAL Rvery description of Corks on hand and cut to order ; also Cork Wood and Cork I ife Preservers. All sizes of hard and soft wood Taps Uungs, Spiles Caps, BottlinK Wire and Wnx, Cork Driving and Japping Machines, Capsules, &c. CAME HOTTLE HASKETS, XIN-KOIL. XXVI CANADA AND HER COMMERCK. THE BELL JELE PHONE GO,, j ^^f "«*^ manutaetufes and bas foP uale evaxy desepiption of Telephonic and othep EleetPieal Apparatus, Line Material and Supplies. Will furnish tenders for supplying Warehouses, Public Buildings, Hotels and Dwellings with Private and Local Telephone Systems ; Burglar Alarms, Hotel, F'-levator and other Annunciators, Hotel Room and Fire Calls, Electric Bells, Push Buttons, &c. Will also furnish tenders to Cities, Towns and Villages for Fire Alarm and Police Patrol System. CATALOGUES WILL BE FURNISHED ON APPLICATION. 'lilK SALES DEPARTnENr. MONTREAL : -Bell Telephone Building, 367 1 OTTAWA :-Bell Telephone Building, Queen Aqueduct Street TORONTO :-Bell Telephone Building, 39 Temperance Street. HAMILTON : -Bell Telephone Building, Hugh- son Street. Street. QUEBEC :-Bell Telephone Building, St. John and Palais Street. WINNIPEG :-Forrest Bloctc, Main Street. THE PACKARD ELECTRIC CO., ♦ ♦ This Company uias reeently Ineopporated under Chartep of the Dominion of Canada, AND HAS ACQUIRED THE BUSINESS HERETOFORE CARRIED ON BY THE DOMINION ELECTRIC CO., TO., AND THE PACKARD LAMP CO., LTD , MONTREAL, AND IS OFFICERED AS FOLLOWS: Jno. H. Howry. ■■rrititlriil. W. D. Packard, H. K. Howry. J. W. Packard, Vicp>PrrNlil«'iil. TmiHiirrr. Hii|M-riiitPii^ Retail Furniture Dealers 25 N'i'.AKS. 1\(M K HolloM I'KH K-.. OLD EED FEATHERS and MATTRESSES PURIFIED and RE-MADE at the Shortest Notice. J. E. Townsend, \ LITTLE ST, ANTOINE ST., Cor. St. James St., ONLY. TELEPHONE 1906. P. ROONEV WM. ALBERS The Montreal Divan Bed Paid. 9, 7, "94. All iflefsaiit Diviin Biiil Bed combiiK'd. The most lisel'iil, Conifortiible and Oriiatiieiilnl Novelty in Coiiibiiiiitioii Fiirnit\ire in the market. This Divan is a coinliiiiaticni of a lienutiTuI divan by day any a rointortalile lie KINLOCH, LINDSAY & CO. iL- Wholesale GFoeeFs T 80 ^^M2 ST. PETER STREET. fliiontical. 1834 - 1895. J.A.MATHEW80NXC0., 202 (DeGill St., Montreal. Importers and Wholesale GROCEJ^S. liiiyois ill this I'lslablisluiKMit liavo tlio ailsaii- taj^-os of Icii^llu'iK'il oxporiLMu-o, with I'Vcsli- noss ol StiK-U ami .Xssdi lineiil maim lU'd. MAII, < Hx'DJCK'S 1 M\'OM I • ri.\ Al TH'-NDKI) TO ORDERS CAREFULLY ATTENDED TO. HituhllHhed IH70 Laporte, Martin & Co., WHOLiESAUE CROCEf^S, Nos. 72. 74, 76 & 78 St. Peter Street, No. 11 LEMOINE ST., ^^MONTREAL iriAiti.ii: i;n ik7o. Laporte, Martin S ^K EPICIERS EN GROS, Nos. 72, 74, 76 et 78 Rue St-Pierre. AUSM No. 11 RUE LEMOINE. -r^ MONTREAL. HUDON I 0R8ALI o^im x Wholesale Grocers. 275 St. Paul St., nONTREAL. XXXIV CANADA AND HER COMMliKCK. BAULD, GIBSON s GO. Established 1816. Hlholesale Groeers, AND Commission |Herehants. HALIFAX, - - Nova Scotia. L. W. TELMOSSE & CO. 1^42 = 1^46 St. Pfiul Street. MONTREAL. Wholesale Groeers . . . Importers and Wholesale Dealers In . . . mines and Liqaors. John Tobin & Co. HALIFAX, N.S. Importers and Dealers In (M/\^ West India Goods Groceries Provisions Bread Stuffs TKAS A SPECIALTY. Wholesale Only. ViflU i FRERE MANUFACTURERS OF Biscuits . . Confectionery . . Chocolates AND Self=Raising: Flour, Montreal. !ir CANADA AND HER COMMERCl-:. xxxV G. H. RenfFem & Go. QUEBEC. By special appointment Furriers to Her Majesty the QUEEN. . . J. B. bAUlBEf^TE 145 St. Joseph Street, QUEBEC. Largest Stocl< of . Fine Furs . in Canadex. WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. Write foP Catalogue and Price Uist. BRANCH AT 5 King Street East, ■ TORONTO. The Largest Manufacturer of Furs in Canada In the palatial showrooms of this extensive establishment will be found the latest novelties in . . Ladies' and Gents ' Furs & Fancy Fur Rugs. A Great Variety of Mounted Skins and a Rare Assortment of Indian Goods. . . YOUR DRIVER WII.l. SHOW YOU TllK PLACK ON YOUR WAY TO MONTMORENCY FALLS. China Cuspidors, Tea Sets, Oasaiiers, Piano and Table Lamps, Toilet Ware, Fruit Jars. Cutlery, Plated Goods. JOHN L. GASSIDY & CO. IMrORTERS OF China, Groekepy & Glassmare ALWAYS IN STOCK Street Lamps, Lanterns, Station Lamps, Headlights, &C , &G. GEORGE T. DAVIE, OfFi:ES AND SAMPLE ROOMS: 339 & 341 ST. PAUL STREET, MONTREAL. Dry Dock Ship Liiner and Caulket* Export Orders a Specialty. ,-6 „ , ^Winn'peg, Man. «'"'""'" = Iviotoria, B.C. LEVIS, QUE. JiXXVl CAKADA AND UKR COMMERCK. THE QUEEN'S TORONTO, ONTARIO. «M/k.Ui1V. kC*l«0 Celebrated for its Home Comforts, Perfect Quiet, Good Attendance, and the peculiar excellence of its Cuisine. ^i _ DELIGHTFULLY SITUATKD NKAR THE BAY, ON FRONT STREPIT, CONVENIENT TO BUSINESS C E N TRE, RAH .R OAD D EPOT, STEAMBOATS, ETC. Electric Ctirs to all pMrts of tlie city pas« the door PATRONIZED BY ROYALTY AND THE BEST FAMILIES. ' McCjAW & WiNNETT, ^ PROl'RIETORS. CANADA AND HER COMMKRCK. XXXVll ilil. THE St. Itawenee Hall. MONTREAL. HENRY HOG AN, Proprietor. gituated on 8*' James gtreet, the principal gtreet in the Gittf. RATES FROM TWO DOLLARS AND A HALF PER DAY UPWARDS. Tlie Hotel lias been re^fiirnislied, re= decorated and coiiipletely renovated tlirdiigliont, and now offers accomrno= dation eqnal to that of any hotel in Aiiierica. Sanitary Arrangements Perfect. Cuisine Unexcelled. Most Centra! Location. ToiArists and CoiTimercial Men can find in the Hall all the comforts of the n:iost refined home. . . I Jcxxvlil cANAdA ANb Her coMMEkct:. BALMORAL HOTEL Notre Dame Street, MONTREAL E. H. DUNHAM & CO.. PROPRIETORS. LOCATION The Balmoral Hotel is situated on Notre Dame Street, one block from Victoria Square, and five minutes from all the Steamboats and Railway Stations Seventy-five thousand dollars was expended on the Hotel during the winter of 1893. — It is now the most complete, best furnished and cheerful House in theDominion. Avisit will confirm these statements FV The cuisine is under the control of an ex- perienced French chef, and the table will be found to be unexcelled It The facilities for getting about the city by the street cars are excellent. Electric cars over every line in Montreal pass the door It is conducted entirely on the American Plan. Parties telegraphing for rooms, will receive special attention, and be answered in all cases Our Rates will be found as reasonable as at any first-class hotel Lighted throughout with electricity. The only hotel in Canada having this light in bed rooms . ' CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. xxxtx AIvBION HOTEIv, MONTRBAL. m\((z) HIS popular and well-known house has from the first en- joyed a liberal patronage. Since coming under the present manage- ment its popularity has rapidly increased, and its reputation as a desirable hotel has become permanently fixed. Comfortable, well-furnished rooms, superior table, and close attention to guests, have enabled the proprielors to secure for The Albion the name of a first-class house in every respect. ... ... Its situation, in the very centre of the city, in close proximity to the leading wholesale and retail houses, has brought to it the patronage of business men and those desiring to be in easy reach of the trade centres ; while for the pleasure seeking portion of the travelling public it is a favorite resort, affording all the com- forts desired. ..... ®lll(© The Ocean Steamers and St. Lawrence river boats land one block below the Hotel, and the Railway depots are in close proximity. THE TERMS ARE $1.50 TO $2.00 PER DAY. Clubs and Special Parties will be liberally dealt with. CANADA AND MKU COMMKRCK. . . . Hotel Cadillac ... 1912 and 1914 ftotfe Dame Stpeet, Montreal. Canada. Rii'i THIS new and elt\i,''ant hotel is lo- cated on Notre Dame Street, in the centre of the business portion of the city, and is convenient to Steamboat Landings and Railway Depots. THE building has been extended, forty-eight new bedrooms and ten commodious sample rooms added- The entire building is lighted by electricity, heated by steam, and furnished with electric bells and all modern improvements. Appointments ^ and ^ Cuisine ^ Unexcelled. JOHN W LEWIS, PROPRIETOR. CANAPA ANO IIKR COMMKRCK, Xli BENJ. TRUDEL, Proprietor & Manager. HOTEli FliOREI^GE QUEBEC, CANADA. Street Cars pass the Door every Ten minutes. Electric Light and Bells throughout, Telephone Connections, Etc. The Florence .• .■ Is tlie Most I'lcasant, Auraclive and .• .• Coiiiforlalilo House for Tourists .' .• that can be found on this .■ .• Continent. It3 location is Unequaled, .■ .' And the i)anoramic view to l)e .• .• had from the Italcony is not even .' .• surpassed by the world-renowned .• .• Dufferin Terrace, as The IVIeans of Escape In ease of fire, are unsurpassed liak-cjnies at the end of every passaj;e, with straiglil Iron Stairs, lion It Commands a Full View Of the River St. Lawrence, I lie St. Charles \'alley, Montmorency I'alls, Laurentian Range of Mountains and overlooks the largest part of the City. The Rooms are Large, .• .• Klegantly Furnished an IIIK t. OM.Mi;Ul K. ^* W S/. Jolni, \. /)'., 2ND I'kMKIAKN , lK()4. I*! los poet fully direct your attention to the fact that we have purchased the entire control of the Royal Hotel, with which we have been connected for many years durinj^^ the life of the late proprietor, Mk. Thomas I'. Ravmoni\ and we hc^ to assure )OU that it will be our earnest endeavor to maintain that hij^''h reputation which the Rovai. has lons> enjoyed as the leadinj^' hotel of the Maritime Provinces anil one of the best in the Dominion of Canada. We solicit the continuance of your patronat^e, and remain, Yours respectfully, S»vr3Sv. S RAYHOND & DOHERTY. i I fi il'l @ V;E[N;:U HOUSE, McGiLL College Ave., Mon7 real. T HIS ]i(i|)ular I'niiiily I lnicl is central, y hulii'^, ('lci^;ynicii. |llly■>il■ian^l ainl |)rnfi>i>.iiinal men. lcni|ii'iani'i- men and lciiiri-.ls. ELEVATORS. ELECTRIC BELLS ^-^^ MODERN IMPROVEMENTS GENERALLY. 'I'lirKisli anil Swlinminn Halli I)l■|),•^rtm^■nl^ aiuimt; llu' li. si on llio conlinrnl. TnrUisli lialli opfii all ni^lil. WaliT liatlis all free lo j^iicl-.. I'.li'^;anl Drawing and Dining Kcoms. Sii|ieiior aii 0X:F^0RI3 leK^'T^VXTI^A.I^'r. o to CM o X o 43 & 45 UNIVERSITY ST., MONTREAL. [s!«bllshed in 1879 33 03 5a O S3 — ) m 1\ I ICKIOK 01 lllMMi Ri"i\ls. IN I IKIiiK 111 II \i;. c -a re The most modern &, complete establishment in the Dominion, convenient to all the Theatres, C. P. R. and G. T. R. depots. Wines. Spirits. Cigar?, &e., &c., imported direct. WILLIAM KEARNEY, proprietor. '5* f IS'' ;l iif* xlvi tANAHA ANIJ HER COMMERCK. GO TO THE m MflGOG HOUSE L^J WHEN IN Shepbt^ooke, Que. The Leading Commercial House in the city. The. ^ecumsey^ LONDON, Ontario. CANADA. C. W. DAVIS, HROPRIETOR. House Open for all Night Trains. Free Carriage to and from C. P. K Station. SheFbFooke Hoase, SHERBROOKE, P.O. W. A. RICHARDSON X CO.. PROPRIETORS, Steam Heat, Electric Light, Electric Bells, Bathrooms. ENTIRELY REFURNISHED THROUGHOUT. Spoci.-il rittfc?iitioii p.- lit I to tlie Coi 11 1 iiercicMl l^rade. R oyal : H otel HOOD & BRO., PROPRIETORS. HAMILTON, Ont., CANADA.. ' ' CANADA AN'1> HKU fOMMKKCK. dvii ESTABLISHED 1864. GoPEiiAp House, PEMBROKE, ONT. One of the leading Hotels of the Ottawa Valley. <]HEADQUflRTER8 FOR COMMERCIAL MEN.t> Good sample rooms. T. & W. MURRAY, Proprietors. 3Briti5b Hincricatt IDoteL KINGSTON, ONT. ®nc of tbc 38e9t»linown tiotcls in (Iniin&n. E. W. DOWLING, PROP. HOTEk BHUNSWIGK MONCTON, N.B., CANADA. K ennebec mm riio laitjest and lii'st luCiUe d liotcl ii'_^he' lily, with all niodern iiii|)rovcmLMils, liglU cd ihrouglui ut with c leclricky^ccomnvKlaliiig 200 jruests, s ituated in the ce nlrc of sp iKMmis groumls and surroimJed by ek't;ant shade- trees, maUinn it .si)ecially desirous for tourists in the summ er months. GEORGE MPSWEENEY, PROPBIETOR. H otel, NEAR THE RAILWAYS AND FERRY, ^ LKVIS. ^ SPECIAL RATES FOR COMMERCIAL TRAVELLERS. ' m\[^ ^t James Lawlor, Prop. xlviii CANADA AND HF,K COMMKRCK. The Sun Life Assurance Co. OF CANADA. Head Officb, = Montreal. I i: The experience of this Company indicates most careful and pro- gressive management, and the re- cords show that d'jc regard is had to economy, and to the sale and profitable investment of its funds. This, with a careful selection of risks, will make any Company a success. But, added to the above, is another prominent feature long peculiar alone to the Sun Life ok Canada — its unconditional policy — which has done much to earn for it its present popularity. The Company has again taken a step forward, and is now issuing a non-forfeitable policy, by which holders of policies are automatically protected against lapses, as long as the reserve on the policy is sufficient to keep it in force. No more special application for loans is necessary. Under this system revival certi- ficates will not be required. The fear of death-bed lapses will be removed, for the policy is kept in force by this non-forfeiture regu- lation. Be sure that you make full enquiry as to the nature of this new policy before placing your life assurance. ^ ROBERTSON MACAUUY, President. T. B. MACAULAY, Secretary. CANADA AND HER COMMKUfK. xlix •THBJ^ Standard • Life • Assurance » Company, Ol? 13jl>IIV«lTI«t-II. »::.:::::::: ESTABLISHED 1825. --^ H^:ai) Ob^ncK i^^oR Canada, MONTRKAL Total Assurance over $111,500,000. Total IwiisTEn Flxos, Bonis DisTRiiurKn, - - - Anniai. Incomk, Total AssiuANt. ic i\ Canada, - Total Investmf.nts in Canada, 838,550,000 27,500,000 5, 100,000 14,000,000 (),85o,ooo WORLD-WIDE POLICIES. TliirlecM. im.nlhs for revival ..I lapsed pdicics without medical certificate of five year.' exister.:. I-oans advanced on Morlgaj;e-. and Delicnliires purchased. CHAS. HUNTER, Chief Agent. W. M, RAMSAY, Manager. EQUITABLE liife Assurance Society OF THE UNITED STATES. January 1, 1894. Assets, $169,056,396 Reserve Find (4' Standard),! ,,(3589,646 AND ALL OTHEK IjAmLITlES, ( ' SURPLIS, - - - - 32,366.750 $ 169.0 56.396 $42,022,605 $205,280,227 *93-i,53-,577 Alliance Assurance Compank. Established in 1824-. Head Otfice- Bartholomew Lane, London, Eng. SiiliM-rlltfil 4'aiillal, I'otiil FiiikI^'. . • " !H'J.*>,.JADA AND HER COMMERCE. THE LARGEST RADIATOR MANUFACTURERS UNDER THE BRITISH FLAG. Safford P atent P adiato rs FOR HOT WATER AND STEAM. The only Radiator on Earth made without the use of Bolts, Packing, Washers, or Lead. The Toronto Radiator Mfg. Co., Ltd., TORONTO, CANADA. THE WM. CLENDINNENG & SON COMPANY, LTD, IRON FOUNDERS AND STOVE MANUFACTURERS. • "LEADER" ® •AND. ! "UNIVERSAL" if I Cast Iron Water F*ipes. Special Castings, Bte C4eni-lo(itlii|£ ^- V-/IL-0. AMERICAN and CANADIAN Benzine, Gasoline, Etc. . . . Telephone 356 .. . 50 Bleury St. MONTREAL, Que. H. A. NKLSON & SONS, — WHOLESALE IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Fancy Goods, Dolls, Toys, Games, Smallwares, Stationeiy, Tobacconists' and Druggists' Sundries, Ctiildrens' Carriages, Sleighs, Wagons, Velocipedes, &c., &c., &c. . MANUFACTURERS OF . CORN BROOMS, WHISKS, BRUSHES, WOODENWARE MATCHES, IZ. The largest assortment of Goods shown In any one house in the Dominion. H. A. NELSON & SONS, 59-63 St. Peter St., MONTREAL & 56 S 68 Front St.,West, TORONTO. r Ivi CANADA ANP HER COMMERCE. >-^ '%. %,.^^>«'.-''.C '■ \ ' w ml^^ Canada's flational Industrial Enterppise is the manutacture of Farm Machines and Implements, and in no country in the world has this line of industry made such steady and rapid strides as in our fair Dominion. The reasons are very evident, for in no other land are farmers more progressive than here they are ever on the alert for the latest and best methods and implements, and always striving- to advance and improve. Canadian agriculturists have been very critical when considering mechanical appliances designed for their use, and that manufacturer who perfected the most practical and most efficient implements, and he alone could hope to succeed. We venture to say that nowhere else has the inventor's genius been taxed to such an extent as here, where every kind and condition of crop has to be dealt with, and where none but PERFECT - WORKING "lacliines would satisfy our careful, thorough and business-like farmers. Hence it is that the standard Canadian machines made by Massev-Harris Co., Lrn., which give the most complete satisfaction to our farmers at home in all the varieties and conditions of crops grown from Prince Kdward Island to British Columbia, have achieved such unparallelled success in ^ foreign lands. CANADIANS may well be proud of the marvellous record of the Massey-Harris Binders in the great grain countries of the world, where until within the past few years lilnglish and United States manufac- turers have had complete control of the trade. Easily baffling world-wide competition, and despite the long established trade of half a dozen British and a dozen United States concerns, these Standard Canadian Machines have rapidly come to the front, and to-day lead the trade of Europe, Australasia, South America and South Africa. Massev-Harris Co., Ltd., may now boast of the largest foreign trade of any Company in the world. 'fi MASSEYy '»s III;K t. OM.MKKl IC lix ••••• T H 10 ••••• IRo^al lC>ulp 61 IC^apev do. IW anufacidPe . . (.kaimuc and tixti:i) " . 1»A1MCWS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Montreal Warehouse : - 15 Victoria Square. Wm. ANG^S, Vice-ppesidcnt and Agent. Works and HEAD OlM^^IClC AT East Angus, P.Q. F. P. BUCK, President and Gen. Manager; ^ Wm. AHGUS, Vice-President and Agent W. S. DHESSEl?, Secretary and Treasurer ; ^ Ii. Jflt{l?nTT, Mill Superintendent. IC CANADA AND HKR COMMKRCK. I ' \'' 11 1. THIC Domiqioii Lime Co., MANUFACIORERS OF THE Best Lime in the World. Anolizes 99-80 per cent, out of a hundred' Almost Piiwii:. I'or Uli'aclicrii'S, Paper Nfakin^;, Tniiniiif; .ind liiiiiiiiii^' riirposes, ii ii.is No Equal. ^Ve liavf ilie liiijlicsl Ics'iin )nia'>. (roin parlies ihriuigh- oiil Canada and the Uiiitcil States Head Office. SHERBROOKE. Que. Works : liime Hidgt, Que. F. P. BUCK, - - Managing Director and Treasurer. GEORGE W. HEED, ik Rooliiiii N Rooffnji Materials OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. Aspliait and Vnicaplte Flooring. m AND 785 CRAIG 81REET, MONTREAL. REMINGTON « DEVELOPMENT. THE No. 6. Still contluues In the lead. Examine and obtain Po.tltlve Proof. RIBBONS. PAPERS S CARBON APERS Edison IVIimeogpaph, THE BEST DUPLICATOR. 3000 COPIES FROM ONE ORIGINAL. Send for Ciiiii/ar and Sai)if>/is of U'orl:. 8PACKMAN I ARGHBALD, . MONTl-eKAI,. Twice as Rapid as an; Other Process. The NEOSTYLE DUPLICATOR KnaUlcs anyliody tii take from one orijjiiial of handwriting, lypewritint;, drawiiip, mui-ie, etc., . . . INVALUABLE . . . I'or circid.irs, market reports, notices, etc. Used and endorsed l>y leadiim coiircrns throu(;lioiit the United States atid Canada. N'oiir nei);hl)or uses it, why don't you. HEosTYiiE CO., """ ^VrV;;:;'" *•*- 1744 Notre Dane St.. MONTREAL^ CAN. CANAOA ANO IIKR COMMKRCE. 1x1 The Society of Arts of Canada, Iiimited, 1666 & 1668 NOTRE DAME STREET, IVIOHTREAb. The richest Collection of gfa, Distribution of Paintings Paintings in Canada. . Sale of Paintings at easy Terms on every Wednesday. Price of Tickets of such Distributions, 25 Cts. Omnibus lo meet every Train. Address Letters to Pont du Sault Uood Uore and Bass Fishing. XKUEl'HONK 17t)t)x. JS>®\ll/©*Svi-S> ®-vS>®l PELOQUIN'8 HOTEL. t Connected with Montreal bj Electrlo Road. 'nii3> Edward toanagli Co., 2B47 to 2553 NOTRE DAME ST., Corner Seigneurs, .,,---.-. M (> N r W 1 C A I . .—.—-- SPECfALTIES: Private Dinners and Suppers. Burgundy and Claret of all age and fully matured. The lamest and llne.»t Koad I Pine Roads, six miles Irom House on the Island. I • • • MONTREAL. . . |6* i"'«?iei->i'»«»i»*> tsuttan. HARDWARE, -PHNTS,* OILS, -COAL, Ixii CANAPA ANP IIKK COMMICUt i;. T HE PAINT COMPANY . .OF CANADA. . ;i Capacity nearly Equal \i to that of all the other '?^ paint houses combined .';' 'Vim Canada Paint Co., Ltd., MAN! ;b\AC'n iwBws or Fine Colors Stains Varnishes AND -"HE only -'First Hands" in Canada for I.KVIUATHU niNBKAI. COI.OK.S. Paints Proprietors of tlie I.eatlin^' Hraiuls of V'erinilioiis. Window Blind Cireens, Oil Wood Stains, Mixed Colors and Paints, White Leads. Manufacturers of Decorators' and Painters' Materials, I'aper Staincrs' Colors, Wall Paper Colors, Lithographers' Colors and X'arnishes, Artists' Tube Colors, Carriage Builders' Primers, Killers, ("ine Color X'arnishes. Owners of Quebec Paint Lands, and Manufacturers of Canadian Magnetic Iron Oxides, Indian and \'enetian Reds, all shades. THK several Factories are laid out to meet our expectation of a GOOD F.ALL TRADL now opening up, and clients may depeid upon our best attention to their wants. The Canada Paint Company, litd., 572 WILLIAM ST., MONTREAL. Factories at MONTREAL, TORONTO and VICTORIA, B.C. tANAPA AM> IIKK lO.MMKKlK. Ixiii A. RAMSAY & SON, Manufacturers OF UNICORN MIXED PAINTS, UNICORN WHITE LEAD. UNICORN COACH COLORS, UNICORN VARNISHES, IMPORTERS OF f^-^<^' •"-**=• ARTISTS' MATERIALS. WINDOW GLASS. PAINTERS' SUPPLIES, lite, lite. SPECIALTIES : Printers' Inks. Bevelling. Silvering. MONTREAL. THE SAMUEL ROGERS GO. MANUFACTURERS . . OF . . liabmcating and Burning c^ ®> ^ OILS ^ ^ *'^ MONTREAL, QUE. FOURNIER I BOYER, manufacturers of and Dealers in . MeLEOD, HIWTHORIIE & CO.. Successors to McLeod & Shotton, TRUNK AND BAG MANUFACTURERS, 1819 Notre Dame Street, P/IONTREAL. And dealers in Travelling Requisites generally. SAMPLF. IRUNKS A SPECIALTY. steel, Veneer and Wood Sample Trunks always on hand, or made to order. TEkEPHONC 1226 Trunks, Valises, Travelling Bags, Dressing Cases, Etc. ..MONTREAL.. — -®®- — SpecM.-il ;L»ttentioii pail»-' 'I'rvinivis. Ixiv ll CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. J. J. MILLOY, erchant Tailoi^, 259 St. James Street, Ladles' Tailor ria^e Costumes a Specialty. . . Montreal. UiiiiWiiaiUiii CANADA AND HER COMMERCH. Ixv George Blache, /Hbetcbant tDailor (5-^iSv5Sj^^a.iS>^Sj5>-s 141 St. James Street, •• St. Lawrence Hall Building, MONTREAL « Ixvi CANADA AM) HICK fllMMKKt i;. St. Pierre. Ladies* & Gentlemen's Tailor. 6j Beaver _Hall_Hill, - MoNTREAL. CANADA ANO IIKK I O.MMKIU K. Ixvii R. CHARLEBOIS, ..1751 .. NOTRE DAME ST., MONTREAL. T'f leiJl***!*^ l*>J*-^« .. FINE . . CUSTON4 TaILORINO R. J. INGLIS, A. T. PRATT. D. A. YOUNG. • • SI • • MONTREAL PRftTT i mm, 64 BEAVER HALL HILL MONTREAL. iXVlll CANADA AND HKK COMMKRCK. W\_E. SBBD, LATE CUTTER WITH J. J. MILLOY, i#\® Merchant Tailor #\®" NO. 226 ST. JAMES ST., MONTREAL tANADA AM> IIKK COM.MKKCK. IXIX W. C. Smith, FINE TAILORING Speeial Attention Paid to Commepeial Tpavelleps.^*- No. 145 Hollis St., HALIFAX, N.S. Itni30i'tt?r « of » 13>i>gH**l^ Pfo-veltiea*. JAMES HflLLlDflY, Merchant Tailor GEO. HARCODRT & SON, BUSINESS ESTABLISHED 1842. Merchant Tailors Robe Makers and Furnishers FIRST CLASS WORK AT REASONABLE PRICES. 229 Barrington St., HALIFAX, - = N.S. Special Attention Paid to | Full Lines of Latest Novelties Commercial Travellers. 1 Always on Hand. BEST GOODS, PERFECT FIT, LOWEST PRICES HOBIH & SflDkER, . . MANUFACTURERS OF Oak BELTING 57 King St. West, TORONTO. Montreal k Toronto. I IXX fANAtVV ANP HKK I O.M.MKRC K. Al I AM I ll\ll^ ROYAL MAIL STEAMSHIPS offers to Tourist and Pleasure A^LlBrAI^ Lillet Travel Unequalled Advantages ... IVIONTREAIi ANP QUEBEC SERVICE. The Steamships of the ALLAN L!\E leavinR Montreal and Quebec or returning from Liverpool, make the transit of the ocean from land to land In five to five and one half daya. I ■ u The distance from Qiicliec to Liverpool is 500 miles shorter than from New York, and 1,000 miles of this reduced distance (from Quebec to the Straits of Belle Isle) is down the majestic river and j^'ulf of St. Lawrence, and instead of seasickness, to which the traveler is liable by all other routes, and the monotony of an ocean voyage, the traveler, by this line, enjoys the first three days of the voyage in good health, such being made in smooth water, and is entertained in viewing the magnificent and historic scenery of the St. Lawrence. The steamships of the Allan Line peiforming passenger service, such as the " Parisian," " Sardinian," " Mongolian," •' Laurentian " and " Numidian," are equaled in safety and comfort by few trans-atlantic vessels, and surpassed by none. The discipline practiced upon these ships is as systematic and thorough as that of the Royal Navy, the finest school for seamanship in the world. The Allan Linu enjoys the distinction of the patronage of Her Royal Highness the Princess Louise, who has selected a steamer of this line upon four successive voyages. Excursion Tkkets are good for either outward or return by the Quebec or New York Lines. PASSENGER ACCOMMODATIONS. CA3IN. Stale Rooms are mostly on the upper deck, the majority of the rooms having two berths, and a sofa, which may be used as a berth when necessary. Rates of passage are fixed according to location of berth, all passengers having equal privileges in the saloon. The Allan Line has always been well known for the excellence and liberality of its table, which is always provided with the delicacies of the season. \/ines and liquors of the finest qualities can be had on board at moderate prices. All the steamers carry an experienced surgeon. INTERMEDIATE OR SECOND CABIN. This class of accommodation ofTers excellent opportunity to those desirous of making a trip in a most comfortable manner at an extremely small outlay. Passengers are berthed in state rooms generally accommodating four persons, are entirely separate from the steerage, and are furnished with a liberal supply of food, well cooked and neatly served. Beds napery and utensils are all furnished by the steamer. STEERAOE. The SteeragL considering its cost, is remarkable for its comfort, the utmost regard having been paid to the light and ventilation of the Steamers. Male steerage passengers are berthed by themselves in one part of the ship, females and children in another. NEW DEPARTURE. The Company will furnish all its steerage passengers to and from Europe with a complete outfit for the voyage free of charge. BAOOAOE. Cabin passengers are allowed 20 cubic feet ; Intermediate, 15 cubic feet, and Steerage 10 cubic feet ; any excess will be charged for at the rate of one shilling per cubic foot. All baggage should be labeled witli name of passenger and marked "wanted" or "not wanted" as may be desired by the owner. CANADA AND HER tO.MMKRlF;. Ixxi mm .1 l1 INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY OF* C;A3VA.13A. >s AND Direct Route between the West and New Biunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, Cape Breton, tlie Magdalen Islands and Neifonndland. THE ONLlV l)AIllWAY BBTWBErt HAUIPHX, SVOftBY, ST. UOHN AHO QUEBEC. CANADIAN-EUROPEAN MAIL AND PASSENQER ROUTE.— Connrclious are made (weekly) at Quebec and Riinoiisk' during navigation, and at Haliiaz, N.S. , in winter with KOYAI, MAIt. STKAMBKS to and rruui Liverpool, makiUK the sliortest ocean passage between America and Europe. THE PEOPLE'S RAILWAY makes fast time and low fares, and has a standard of excellence es'.ablihbed by years of care I'ul consideration of the requirements ot the public. A PERFECT TRAIN SERVICE —No route iu America presents to tourists, pleasure-seekers, and invalids so many un- rivalled attractions. Pure air, splendid sea bathine and a pe< lect panorama or delightful views. The Intercolonial Railway traverses Tor scxi miles the south shore of the majestic St. Lawrence, thence through the famous take, mountain and valley region of the Metapedia and Kestigouche Rivers, unequalled for their MACINIKICKNT SCKNHKY, an<) t^oyal Mail Iiine i^ioci Between Toronto, Kinj^ston, Montreal and intermedi- ate ports, composed of the followitijj first-class iron steamers: "Spartan," " Corsican," "Passport," and " Alpferian." Leaving; Tnriiiito daily (Sundays excepted) at 2 d'clork p.m., calling at Huwmnnviilf, I'ort Hope, ColHmrg, Kings- ton, ClaytDn, .Mcxamlria Hay, and other intermediate ports, arriving al Montreal at 6.30 p.m., iDnntcting with the steamer* for (^)uebec anii\. >.ii.. nii'i iiiiji t%. >.M.. tui»r.nt:KtKt.- SliniiuK •■ Tininniilli l'n-.tli' " hikI " l)n!|"e, St. I.iieia. Ilnilinilc's, Ti iiiMiul, retiitiiiiig v in same pMils Willi e\ee)iliHii o| SI I lii>in;is. St Croix ninl lliililiix. II tl.ll t\. ^.N.. I" .1 in tM t vi.i HI'.KHI III nil. I TI KHM IHI.IMt. SS. ' Ali>lm' sails nil tin- r^lli rvii v iiioiitli lor above ports, rrliitiiiiij; vin same ports IllUril. ^.M.. lo|||VI\l hikI MITI%y.lM, IIIIA.- SS ' 111 t:i " sail'- I'M i\ iiiotilli foi aliove polls. All sli aiiieis tiavi III St (lass passenger aecoiiiiiioilntioii Fieit;lil am) passdiK*'' s at lowest rates. All iiiloi iiiaiioii oil applic alioii lo AC.I' N'l'.-< nr to PICKPORI) & BLACK, Managers, HALIFAX. N.S. U ?? CREME OE LA CREME 141 -'51 ST. MAURICE STREET. MONTREAL. STANDARD BRANDS: 'Ml ROSA," "ELFENIA," "LA FAYETTE," «c. J. M. FORTIER, 198 Notro Dame St., Head Office, - MONTREAL, Que. Branches : M! W YORK. AJVtftTBKDAM. I^K^VK 'I'Oll^VOOO. lANAIM ANP HER lOMMKKl K Ixxv J. RATTRAY & CO., All Kinds Smokers' Requisites, also Havana Cigars in large variety. MANUKACTIIKKKS Ob' ClGAWtS WHOLESALE ONLY. 84 St. Peter St., GQoNTREAb. -^riii5 J. B. PACE TOBACCO CO l^MNBST SMOKlNCi TOBA.CC()S. I^r*ancl8i4 t Mastiff Sertoli Cut Tuiist AND Diana Tuiist. 22 and 24 St. George Sireei, - MONTREAL. "7 Ixxvi CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. Blaekstone Cigar Factory, 1200-1202-1204 St. Lawrence St., MONTREAL. -Manufacturers of the- Dnion HiJii-Class Gprs: " RBEHDEEH " " lUEIiHOSE " " BIiRCKSTOHE " " IiITTIiE BUCK." THE "STONEWALL JACKSON" CIGAR FACTORY. THIS Firm started businesH as cigar innuuiactureis aud wholesale and retail tob.iccoiiists in May, 1H5S, now over thittjr-five years ago, under the style ot H. Jacobs ll«4lm«j-cl IfitiU, GOODERHAM S WORTS. LtD., TORONTO, Canada. Distillers, Maltsters, Etc. r •• ■••T (iKN'KUAl, \I1.\V ()l I'KI'.MISI.S IkoM Till. WAIIK 1 K()N1\ Our Potable Whiskies are all fully matured in wood, and bottled In Bond under excise supervision. IXXX CANADA AND HER COMMERCE HIRIIM WALKER X SONS, Limited, Distillers .*!i5_ Bottlers in Bond, WALKERVILLE, CANADA-iSSsm S 70 Marl Lane, LOHDOB, E,C, 1232 Broadway, NEW YOh. 223 & 224 Honadnock Block, CHICAGO, We have the pleasure o( announcinj^'- that our "Canadian Ci.ib " Whisky was awarded a Medal and Diploma at the World's Columbian Kx- position, having }4-ai ned tlie maximum number of marks for chemical analysis, (absolute purity,) and beinj^-" declared by the Judges to possess "fine aroma, very pleasant taste, and the principal requirements of a high class whisky showing thorough maturity," The samples submitted were neither specially selected nor of unusual age, but were taken by the officials from a large number of cases of our regular output. HIRAM WALKER & SONS, Limited. If CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. Ixxxi BARTON & GUESTIER, Bordeaux. CLARETS. Floirac, Medoc, Maroaix, St. Jli.ien, Batailley, PoNTET Canet, Chateai' Leoville, Chateai' Lafite, Chateau Margalx. Barsac, WHITE WINES. Sauternes, Graves, Chateau Yquem. also finest salad oils. Haut Sauternes, DEINHARD & CO., Coblenz. STILL HOCKS. Laubenheim, Nierstein, Rudesheim, Hockheim, Johannesbero. ALSO SPARKLING HOCKS AND SPARLING MOSELLE Liebfraumilch, C. MAREY & LIGER-BELAIR, Nuits. Beaujolais, BURGUNDIES. Maci-n, Beaune, Nuits, Chablis, Pommard. Chambertin, MARTELL & CO., Cognac. Cases of * V. O. * * V. S. O. P. * * * V V. S. O. P. (White Label.) BULLOCH, LADE & CO., Glasgow. SCOTCH WHISKIES. Special Blend. 7 year* oW iW '.abel). I' Extra Special Blend. 10 vears old. (Gold Label). IXXXIl CANADA AND HER 'fOMMKIUK. \f/ 6\m(& An Extra Dry Wine. IS e\\\m For sale at all the principal Hotels in the United States and Can- ada ts JOHN OSBORN, SON & CO., Aoents, NEW YORK, MONTREAL & CHICAGO. THE JOCKEY CLUB BRANDIES ARE THE BEST IMPORTED BRANDIES IN CANADA. I'fr <«»«-TMJM». Per Cnitr t|M.i^. Per raitp #t».m, Vvr rH»r i|«l«.«N>. Hi)R Sai.k by all Wiiulrhalr C.rockks, Wini; .\ni> I.im'OR Mkbchants SOLE AOENTS FOR CANADA : Prr I'liNi- ||II7.«N>. COMPAGNIE D'APPROVISIONNEMENTS ALiMENTAIRES DE MONTREAL, (LIMITEE,) 87 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL. CANADA AM) HKR fO.MMKRl'K. Ixxxiii POMMERY EXTRA SEC H0FFIVIA|4 CAFE, Corner St. Francois Xavier and Notre Dame Streets, .... Champagne. MONTREAL. ® Walker's "Kilmarnock," A Fine Old Highland Whisky. The Rosbach Table Water, A Delicious and Wholesome Sparkling Spring Water of guaranteed purity. NON MEDICINAL. RECOMMENDED FOR DAILY USE. GEO. O'NEIL, - Proprietor. GHANO * CAFE * PARISIAN, Corner of St. Catherine and St. Dominique Streets . . . Private Door, 179 St. Domlnlqua Str««t. FIRST CLASS FREN^.H POKING. MEALS AT ALL HOURS. wines, l.iguurs and CiKarn a Specialty. Private parlors fordinners and Friends' Parties Mixes readily with Milk, Wines, Cham- pagne, Whisky, Rye, &c., &o. LOUIS GOUDREAU. Thk Arlinqton W. G. HAVILL, MANAGER Corner King and John SIreets, TORONTO, CANADA. TIIK .AKI.IN(;T0N is a l.-irnc, nc.irly new, aiu\ very filtraclivc liotel, of (|uiet ck'^ancc in M its appoint- iiionts, with a Cuisine and service of superior excellence. Its cool N'erandnhs and liright rooms remler thh the niosl conifortai)le summer hotel in Ontario. Now under the manngement of \V. (1. llavill. RATES :-S2.00 TO S3.00 PER DAY. Blectric Cars pass the door CTCry five minutes for all parts of the city. Porters aud Busses at all Trains aud Boats. Ixxxi cxtv CANADA AND HER COMMKRlK. Hotel * Dufresne, L. E. DUFRESNE, Proprletaire. TROIS-RIVIERES, QUE. i^AA-lt*!^^ ROo;vi»«. J. B. MIGHAUD I FIL8, Wholesale and Retail I3r3?- Ooodas. LEVIS, P.Q. PflGllEUIiO FHERES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL ST. HVACIHTHE, P.Q. . THB . . Dominion Rolled Plate Co., Limited. MANUFACTURING JEWELLERS. 125 Vittte Street, TelephoM 1916. MONTREAL. Mississippi Hotel, Carlton Place, Ont. W. MclLQUHAM, Proprietor. Rat''t!i niiy ilisiiKrvealik' oUor arisiiift rruiii drcavcil teeth, the iiscof tobacco, etc.. hiKhlvrecom mccnied liy all the IcadiiiK Driilists of the city Prlcei, 26 and SO cent*, and $1.00 For Sili by all Pruggltti, PREPARED BV CJ. COVKRNTON & CO., 121 Bleury Street, Corner Dorchester, MONTREAL. BURNETT'S CITY EXPRESS I <1K rilK KKMOVAI. OF ForDiture, Pianos, Baggage, &c. SafN Hoisted and Lowered to and from all parts of the city, LRRQE VEHICLES CONSTANTLY ON HAND FOR PLEASURE PARTIES TKKNN moi»»:m.(t»:. Office: 339 ST. JAMES STREET, MONTREAL. Telephone No. 2686. f^or pleasure Parties, J^o., TELEPHONE 565 KING'S CITY EXPRESS. Office : 748 Craig Street, TCLCPHONE 566, ^_ For the Removal of Pianos, Furniture, Safes, BaRgase, Etc. Hasley Bros., 2252 st. catherihe st., Ori'. Victoria Stri-.ft, miPHQgjc ^gTs.^ Montreal. C. p. GELINAS & FRERE, MANUFACTURIERS DE Pelles en Bois, Balais, Jouets d'Enfants, &e., &e. CHAISES EN JONC. '" SHAKER CHAIRS," ETC. En Cros Seulement. MILLER S BREMNER, MANUFACTURINB JEWELLERS AND IMPORTERS OF DiamoDds, Fine Watcbes and Jewellery, 50UD SILVUR AND SILVER-PLATED WARE 33 &. 35 BLEURY STREET. TROIS- RIVIERES, Que. CLOB 8MBLMMS. MEDALS Rod CVPS • Specialty. Designs furniihed free of cost. Ixxxvi CANAHA AND HKR cOMMKRCK. THE WESTERN ASSURANCE COMPANY OK TORONTO was incorporated in the year 1851, and, under its charter, power was conferred upon it to transact life, fire and marine insurance. It has never, however, up to the present time, availed itself of the privilege of doinj^ life insurance ; but carries on an extensive business in the fire and marine branches in Canada and the I'nited States, where it has agencies in ail the principal cities and towns. The Company has a subscribed capita! of $2,000,000, half of which is paid up, and cash assets of over $2,400,000 ; and its business lias grown to such an extent that the income for the year 1893 exceeded the sum of $2,350,000. Ihe losses paid since organization amount in the aggregate to a sum in excess of $iS,ooo,o.-)o. IN. 1880, the Company erected the beautiful structure on the north-west corner of Wel- lington and Scott Streets (a cut of which appears above), and has since that time occupied it as the Head Offices of the Company. The rapid progress which the Company has made and its present high position as one of the leading Fire Insurance Companies are largely due to its successful management and to its able Board of Directors, which since its organization has comprised many of the most prominent financial and business men of Toronto. The follow- ing gentlemen constitute the present Board, viz.: — A. M. Smith, president ; Geo. A. Cox, vice- president ; G. R. R. Cockburn, M.P., Hon. S. C. Wood, Robert Beaty, W. R. Brock, H. N. Baird, Geo. McMurrich, and J. J. Kenny, Managing Director, CANADA AM> IIICR I OMMKRCK. Ix XXVII T' *HH BRITISH AMKRKAX ASSLRANCH CO. \< one of the oldest Canadian Fire and Marine Insurance Companies at present in existence, havinjj been incorporated under an Act of the Parliament of I'ppcr Canada in the jear 183^ After establishinjj agencies in Canada, the business of the Company was subsequently extended to the Cnited States, and there is now scarcely a city or town of any importance on the North American continent where it is not represented. The paid-up capital was recently increased to $750,000, and the Company has power under its charter to make a further increase up to the sum of Sj, 000,000. The assets now amount to about $i,4(vi,cxxj. The Company has recently made very rapid progress, as may be inferred from the fact that the income for the year 1S93 exceeded the sum of $1,300,000. The following well-known representation of Toronto gentlemen compose the present Board of Directors, y'\x. : — Geo. .'\. Cox, Pnsident. J. J. Kennv, Vicv-Prcsideni. A. VV. Smith. John Hoskin, Q.C, LL.D. S. F. MiKinnon. RonKRT |.\i-KK.\v. Thomas Lonc. Algl'Stis Myers. H. M. Pei.latt. The above cut represents the Head Offices of the Company, corner Front and Scott Streets, Toronto. The Imilding is of Ohio Cut Stone, and was erected in the year /4S*(2//ll^}S *S>!S>*~^ MANUFACTURER OF Iviiiiiberiii^ T^ools, PEMBROOKE, Ont. BOOTH ESTIBLISHEO 1854. Coppersmiths, Metal Spinners, etc., etc. Brewers' Distillers* Confectioners' Marine and Plumbers' COPPER WORK. The Booth Copper Co., TO no N TO, Oni. Hotel Broezel, ^ Kate.t $.V4M» per day and upwards. B. L SHELDON Si SON, PROPRIHTORS. Buffalo, N.Y. CANADA AM> IIKK CO.MMKKci;. Ixxxlx ■••>♦> HENRY A. TAYLOR, IMPORTING TAILOR. <*C:*- (($)) "d v? '^I,■L 61 risin Hou^e Block, ^/^ TORONTO. ^^ m Invites \Jou to examine his stool^ of |m{3orted V\)oolen8. xc s 2 . 1^ I- I s 'i i 1 ~ «i 8 z fANAPA ANf> IIKK lOM.MKKCr:. 1^ H ST N o S 3 s 3 a. HOTEL BRUNSWICK, Madison Square, Fifth Avenue and 27th St., NEW YORK. HOTEU BRUNSWICK CO., PPop*. CEO. W. SWETT, Man., but* of Windsop Hotal, fAontfanl. THOnOUQHLV PROTECTED FROM FIRE. CANADA'S FAVOURITE PIANO. ^ ME FIRST The DOMINION has been before the public for nearly half a century WERE FIRST In Touch, In Tone, In Sweetness. In Design, In Finish, In Durability. In the estimation of music people every- where. ■76. At Chicago, '93. it Philadelphia, it London, '76. At Sydney, '77. At Paris, '78. At Montreal, '80. At Antwerp, '85. At over 200 fairs in all parts of the world. En; to laH beiauie then please and latltfy. See the Looal Agent or write direot to Faolor; for Illustrated Catalogue. DOMINION ORGAN & PIANO CO., BOWHANVILLE, ONT. 1. \V. AlKSAMiKU, /'i;si,l,nl. W.M. McCoNNKl.l., Tvtaiurei: 1 \Vm. Mi Kav, .Slti-.taiy. J. II. Kvi.i., \fx>: Affy. nrf't, CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. XCl CHA8. F. CURK, Preildwt. EDW. F. RANDOLPH, Trtuurer, BSTABUISHKU 1K4U T 1(8 Bi^ahtpeet Merc^^^^^^^^^ THE BRMDSTRiET CO., PnprMora. EXECUTIVE OFFICES : N08. m, n\, 111 BROADWAY. NEW YORK. Offi(ei in t/ii' f>iiHn/iiil cilifs o/ the I iitlnl .SViiZ/m. Canatia, the Kiiiofifiin I'unlinftil, Aiistialia. anil i'« Ijyndon, ICnglanil, The Ura(l>lreel Company is ihe oUal .nnil tinanci.illy the shoni;ef its U hid— working in one inleiusi and undtT one manat;i'in«nl with wider raniificalioiis, with more capital invcsti'int'ss, and it i'N|icnds inorr money every year for the (ollcction and disseminalion <>( in- formatiun than any siniilar institution in the world. WHEN IN TORONTO, STOP . . AT THE . . PALMER HOUSE. Centrally Located. Cor. King and York Streets, TORONTO. 70KONTO 0//-/CES: 36 Iront Street I'.ast and 27 WcilinKton Street Kast. Tiios. ('. I>'M.siirii,; 231 253 Klin\ i-.R ('ArriAi, wii am. Liaiui i i ii>, i \ (ii.i>s $7,0UU,U00. Canadian Branch : 10 WELLINGTON STREET EAST, TORONTO, ONT. H. M. BLACKBURN, W. ROWLAND, - ManaRer. Inspector. This Comimny rnmMicnred business in Canada hy de- imsilinK $30o,()rK) with Ihe Dnniinion (iovernmcnt for se- curity of Canadian i'nliry-holdcrs. ESTABLISHED 1859. THE C. TURNBULL CO.. (S\ MANUKAOTURECRa OK Full Fashioned Lambs' Wool Underclothing, Hosiery and Knittingr Yarns. Perfect Fitting Ladies' Ribbed Vests, Sweat- ^ ers, Jerseys, Knick- 'i^ ers. CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. XCtll THE 6L0BE FURNITURE CO., Limited, Wali(er«iiie, Out. CHURCH PEWS, SCHOOL DESKS, OPERA CHAIRS. BANK AND OFFICE FITTINQS. Modtrn Ocilgni FIrit Cliu Mit«ri«l, Good.Workminihlp. CIRCULAR VENEERED PEWS A SPECIALTY. ^ Wiiti' for Special CaLilogiirs .tihI lull |iailinilrirs ciiiu criiiiij; the line <>( (JikkIs w.iiiled. PRESTON • FURNACES. WARM AIR OR COMBINATION. (WBim Air biiiI Hot Water.) We make a Specialty of Heating, and submit plans, estimates, cuts and catalogues free. Tlifrenre more Piiicston Furnnces in successful Dper.Ttion than tliDse ormiy othrr ninke, niiil riislriiiicrs say tliey nte the i>esi . Sand for Cataloguet ind pirtlculart and Judge for yourulf. CLARE BROS. & CO.. Preston. Ont. The KERR ENGINE CO., Ltd. WALKERVILLE. ONT. M AMI AdlKKKs i>l- WATER WORKS PUMPING MACHINERY. HYDRANTS S VALVES. Tlie " WKHIIF-R I'AIKNT Si k aimi I WAV \Ai,vhs " in Iron .-vml Hrass, atiil "(,)i'l( K < )i'KMNi; KaiiiaiokV'ai.vks" Write for I'lices, also, on tin; "NKW I.INKKN VaI.VE." It has renewaMo sent, andean lie reseated without discon- necting valve from pipes, which does away with the nuisance and expense uf lircak- iiiLT joints and replacing! Iciky THE "WEBBER VALVE." ,,„tves. as a !' Lunkk.n ^' valve shell will last as long .is the pipes connected to it, and in a few moments a worn scat ain| (Jisc c^n 1* r^'n^vvl, i8* MAN80N CAMPBELL, lyi A N U FACTURER OF The Chatham_^^ ^^^.^Fannmg Mill. WITH BAGGING ATTACHMENT. CAPACITY : SO Bushels per hour. Chathaivi Ont. XCIV CANAPA ANP III:K lO.M.MKKlK, JOSEPH E. SEAGRAM, s^ «-v©xSsS>^ll/^);S><©> SxS>«^ GENERAL MERCHANT, •• MILLER ^^^ DISTILLER, 12, Waterloo, - Ontario, *^. %-* « . CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. XCV A Great Canadian Wine Firm. C-inaila has made ijrfal slri(lf> in wiin-mal.inK siiuv 1866. In lliat year a company "f Soiitlieimrs Ironi KcntiK ky who tiaci l)cen en^;a^;e«l in viiR't;rowinn. feeling ai,'nrievod over the resilll of the war, learned of the niilit and ■.ahd)ri(m> climate of I'elee Islaitil, the largest of the famous tlf""!' of i;ra|>e urowing islands in Lake Krie, ami eslaMished the first vineyard. I'ive years later, J. S. Hamilton it Co., of Hrantford, l>ecame interested, and, hy ilint of hard work and the fine miality of their wines, successfully introduced llieni throiighollt Canada. In 1SS9, the I'elee Island Wine ami Vineyards Co. was established, and (apt. J. S. Hamilton, of Uranlford, uas elected |)resiilent -he slill holds that posi. tion, and his Company are ahle to say that their wines have now a steady sale in every I'rovince of Can.ada, as well as Great Britain and the West Indies. The " Dry Calawlia " •f the Company is e<|ual in quality to a fine hock, and their " St. Augustine' (registered), a choice sweet red wine, has an immense sale as a connnunion or invalid wine. They have also a fine Cl.iret "Chateau I'elee Medoc," and havint; itarted a distillery on I'elee Island in l8<)l, have n iM.AMir ToiTi M. I\i-ri-.Ai r.(; <,)r\i ini>. Iai km Ksr. Kim: Mmi-kiai. I'skh in (Jonsi kii i iii\. Si TI'.KIOK WoKKMAN'.llir AMI I-|Ms|l. CompirlioR with the Flntit Initrumtnti of tht World Invited. kADM nPriAMQ BEST IN THE WORLD. rsMni^ wnvj/AiNo over 36,ooo in use D. W. KARN & CO., Piano and Organ Manufacturers, WOODSTOCK, ONT. SHDRLY & DIETRICH, . MANUFACTURERS OF . . \\r E. C. WAI.KI:K. Prealdcnt. R. H. I-REHS, Manager. P. H. WAI.KliK, VIce-Pres. ALPRED MIERS. Secretary. . . 'riiii; . . Walkerville Malleable Iron Go. mm IwIArflTISO. Saws, Plastering Trowels, Straw Knives, Etc. }S> MANUFACTURERS OF Refined Air Furnace IVIalleable Castings. Galt, - Ont.. CANADA. WALKERVILLE, Ont. xcviii CANAHA ANI> IIKU I i>MMi:I in tin- matlMi, iiml nic i'<|ii;il ill (Vriy n-.|i|ii.iliiy n| lining. nUn liasi- an inter liiiiin; .if riililirr, iiiakiii^; iliiiii .ili^.ijulily wiml ami w.ilir |)iii'>f. Iln\e slnml haul u-.i^i- lur Tim- yi ar-. Iiy rariiicis, l.iMTyiiU'll, hnclnrs ami nllui-., ami have j;ivi n I'litirc laiislailiipii. I'.iltiilfil III ('aiiiiil.i aii\ ,\NI> MIK lOMMKIUi:. XCIX CORTICELLI SILK CO., Ltd., MillHBlSt Juhii». l-.U. OfliccH JU7SI. JaiiM'»8t , Montreal: ''a Wcllingtou ht W., Turoutu ; 3H4 i'urlaKC Av., Wiiiiiipri;. Manufacturers of all kinds of SILK THREADS. BRAIDS. LININGS, Ac: all of which are of superior quality , and as their Motto, " Best In the World." ^^ /k* %> ^ .0^ ^ < IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 1.25 I ^ IIS » ■- m 1.8 1-4 IIIIII.6 V} vQ 7. ^'^'4^ V /A ,\ # "^ v t •SS ^\ <^A. ^"^ '<«^>. ^ CANAtJA AND HEk COMMERCE. DISORDERED STOMAGH.— BILIOUS ATTACKS. M'GALE'8 • BUTTERNUT • PILLS — I'OR — Sick Headache, Foul Stomach, Bilious- ness, Habitual Constipation. For Saik by Drucgists Evkrywiif.rf.. 25c. per Box by Mail on Receipt of Price. W. E. Short, ... THE SHOEIST, 124 St. Lawrence St., Cor. Lagauctietiere, BUFFALO SHOE STORE, For Honest Shoes and one Honest Price. J. H. McLEOD, Cop. Plessis & St. Catherine Streets, A. Kerland & Co., MANUFACTURERS OF Belfast Ginger Ale, Cream Soda, Lemon Soda, Ginerer Beer, Seltzer Water and Champagne Cider. 143 TO 151 ST. AN ORE ST., MONTREAL. Telephone 6606. ALL ORDERS PROMPTLY EXECUTED THE BOYS will please remember when they are asked for anything STRANGE that they can get supplied at . . L. J. A. SURVEYER, 6 ST. LAWRENCE MAIN ST., :ivxoivxi«iajA.i:v. You are always welcome at . . THE NATIONAL PHARMACY, Canada's Model Drug Stork. National Monument Building, 216 St. Lawrence St., Telephone aess. adOJVTJRSEJ AH*. Dr. Laviolette's Syrap of Turpentine Used with great success for Coughs, Colds, Bron- chitis, Loss of Voice, Hoarseness, Whooping- Cough, Croup, &c., &c. ALWAYS CURES. ASK FOR IT from your Druggist or Grocer, who can procure it at any wholesale house or direct from the proprietor, J. GUSTAVE LAVIOLETTE, M.D. 232-234 St. Paul St., MONTREAL. RED SPRUCE GUM PASTE, Pleasant, Efficacious and Convenient. Carry it about you as you are travelling on the route It is much superior to any Cough Syrups. — 25c. a box. LAVIOLEHE & NELSON, Proprietors. 1605 Notre Dame St., Cor. St. Gabriel, MONTREAL. Dominion Safe and Steel Range Works, G. CHAPLEAU, PROP. Office and Show Room : 414 ST. IvAWRENCE STREET. Works : Corner ONTARIO & ST, CHARLES BORROHEE STREETS, AGENTS WANTED. Batablished In ISer. L C. DE TONNANCOUR, MERCHAiMT TAILOR, 8 St. Lambert St , MONTREAL. Always on Hand a Large Assortment of First Class Cloths and Tweeds. LADIBS' DEPA-RTNtENT ALSO. J"- "■ "!J ' CANAbA AKD her commerce. ci ESTABLISHED 1874. D. Hatton & Co., . . Receivers of . . FISH 18 Bonseconrs Street, - MONTREAL. Fresh, Smoked, Dried, Green, Pickled, Boneless, Sliell and Canned Pish, Cranberries, Lemons, etc., Received on Consignment. SCH^OB BROS., Manufacturers * and * Importers * of * Watches. UIAIVIONDS. 260 St. James Street, Montreal. 40 Maiden Lane, New York. Rue Leopold-Robert, Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. BROPHY, GAINS S CO., . . IMI'ORTEKS (IK . . staple and f aney Dry Goods. 196 * McGiLU * Street, MONTREAL. DAVID McFARLANE & CO., Wbolesale Stationers & Paper Dealers. No. 316 ST. JAMES STREET, »40ivti«i3:a.i:v. TELEPHONE 8162. SHEAf^ER St Bf^OWH, MANUFACTURERS OF LUMBER. Dimension Timber and Joisting' a Specialty. White or Red Pine Hemlock, Spruce, Taniarac, Cedar, Rock Elm or Oak, on hand or cut to order on shoriest notice. H. H. Lano, rres't. Jas. Lano, fec.-Treas. THE LANG HANUFACTDRIN6 CO'Y, MANCFACrURKRS OF Office: 172 Shearer street, Mtnurni-Mi n Mills : Cor. Shearer A Richardson Sts., mUN I ntflL, 1/1/6. Biscuits & Confectionery. Importers and General Dealers in Foreign and Domestic Fruits. 16, 18 & 20 St. (Donique St., lUONTREAIi. Tugs. Montgomery. Jas. McBridi-:, Special Partner. Establislied 1868. TESTER & CO., Importers of FRUITS and NUTS, and Manufacturers of . . FINE CONFECTIONERY . . 68 c^ 70 iMcGill Street, CARTER, GALBRAITH & CO., . . AND . . GOR. ST. PETER 5 FOUNDLING STREETS. Telephone 582. MONTREAL. EVANS S SONS, LTD.. EVANS, LC8CHCR 4 WEBB, EVANS. SONS 4 CO , I.omton, l-ngl.iiul. l.ivorpunl. |-:nt;laiiil. WHOLESALE DRUGQISTS, Drug Grinders ft Manufacturing Pharmaceutical Chemists, 37 to 45 St. Jean Baptlste St., MONTREAL. Canada Horse nail Co. Establislied 1865. 'rRA.E>£e c AIA.RI^. Western Branch, 23 Front Street Weet, TORONTO. Brit. Columjiian Agbncv, Gelpln't Block, Govarnment St., VICTORIA, B.C. 120 To 145 NliLL Street, MONTREAL. liV.l'l(»P-'» W^.ML A'K Cll CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. J. L. Smith & Son, Flour Merchants & millers' Agents. 1 Custom House Sq., and 225 Commissioners St., London & Lancashire Life Assurance Co. Canadian Branch, HLflD OFFICE: COR. S[. JAMES 5 PLACE D'ARMES, MONIREAL. BOnlfD OF DIRECTION: Chairman, sir Donald a. smith, k.c.m.g. ROBER r BENNY, Fsy. Dr. SANFORD FLE viinG, C.M.G. R. 1). ANGUS, Esy, A. T. PATERSON, Ksy. B. HAL. BROWN, Manager. SKELTON BROS. S CO. MANII|-A( ITRKKS (11- The Finest Grades of . . SHIRTS AND COLLARS. 96, 98 & lOO St. Peter St., and 1 & 3 RecoUet St., WiNTKR Oi'Fici: : MoLKoNK Bank Ciiambi:rs. R.W. Shepherd, Jr., Mgr., 161,163 & 165 Common St„ Canal Basin. Teleplioiie IC)2(J. The Ottattia River (Navigation Go'y, DAttr LINE STEAMERS BETWEEN PvIONTREAL ik OTTAWA, Leave 8.00 a.m. | Leave 7,30 a.m. SnooTiN{i Fahids. Tickets .It ('.rami Trunk Uv. St.iticni m\i\ i )Hiccs ; Windsor or li.ilinoral llotfK ; MJiir i84St. J.iiiics.St.; IntiTCiiloni.il K.iilu.iy OHici-. St. J.iiiU's .St.; .i1m> .it (ir.iii,! I milk Statliill, SI. Ilcllri. l-cir trips ;;., in.. Int.l'.K. ,incl ri-tiiniiiiL' by llnat. al ( .r.K. llUke. IKS. ABBOTT & Co., METROPOLITAN ROLLING MILLS. Nail, Spike and Horse Slice Works. BAR AND I'LATE MILI^. Office and Works : 219 DeLORlMIER AVENUE. PILLOW I HERSEY M'F'G GO'Y, lVIOIVTl«13J A I^. MANrFACTURF.RS OF Bar Iron, Gut Nails, Horse Slioes, Railway & Pressed Spikes, Tacks & Small Nal's of every description. Bolts and Nuts, Etc. OFFICE ROOM : 520 BOARD OF TRADE BLD'G. WARDEN KING, Pres. J. G. KING, VIce-Pres. J. R. LOWDEN, Mgr DIr. THE MALLEABLE IRON CO. Steam and Gas Fittings. SIR FURNACE MALLEABLE IRON CASTINGS. 19 to 29 Hill St„ HONTKEAL. MANAGING DIRECTORS: 1 IIWIN IHilMrSllN. I're-siiU.iit. V . I. SA\ AC.]:. MicPrpsiilpnt. A. I'. Wl.ARV, Si'iv TriMsiiri.r. MIl.TilN i. S,V\ Ai;i-:, CasliiiT. (;Ul). (".. l"i)X. I.'actorv Maiiajji^r. ' THE THOMPSON SHOE CO., LTD., . . MANfl'At rrKKKS (11' : . i^i:ni5 boots «e «$iiOE:e^. 712 to 716 Craig St., ■ MONTREAL. JAS. W. PYKE <&, CO.. Iron, Steel and Metal Merohants. 35 St. Francois Xavier Street, MONTREAL. CHESEBROUGH MANUFACTURING CO. (CONSOMIIATRD.) S'lle Mamilacturers ol VASE' INE and all its PREPARATIONS. Refiners of 150 Fire Test, Water White " LUXOR OIL." Principal Offices : NEW YORK, LONDON and PARIS. Canada Branch Offices : No. 83 St. James St., MONTREAL. R. m. TAYIiOf?, Agent for Canada. Tfii'piioHt' ^*>- vm. T w rt^w:ri J-- CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. cm KXTRACTS .-. FROM .•. Tlie Temperaqee and General Life Ass. Go.'i Annual Report for 1594. " »')■ 4ll\pi-rifii<-<- of lli<> <'oiii|taiiy liait li sii<-ii uh Io ciiIIIIc IIiomf in- NiiriMl III llir 'IViiiiM-raiicf Si-<-lioii to iirolIlN oii<--lliiril lilKhi'r llian <-oiil (•l«'M ill llif Wciu'rnl Hi'Clloii." Detailed reports sent to all applicants. Our position and prosperity are wortliy of cimsiikralion. HON. G. W. ROSS, Presidhnt. H. SUTHERLAND, Manac.kr. Establlahed 183e G. E. JACQUES I CO., Agents of the MERCHANTS' LINE Regular Passenger & Freight Service BETWEEN MoNTREAi., Toronto, Hamilton, London and St. Thomas, via Port Stanley, Cleve- land, Toledo, Wlnnipeg, vl\ DuLUTH OR Fort Willlam, also MERCHANTS' DESPATCH LINE For all Ottawa River and Rideai; Canal Ports. FOISY FRERES, Dealers in Pianos, Organs & Sewing Machines. 8HEF.T WUSIC, MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. 70 St. Lawrence St., Cor. Vitre, , ( Merchanta 1G4. Telephones : ^ ^^^j j^^^ Branch Office : 269 St. Joseph Street, - QUEBEC. HOTEL OXFORD, The Leading Hotel of the Town. CHAS. A. PYNE, Proprietor, WOODSTOCK, ONT. J. CROCKER & SON, - DKAI.ERS IN AI.I, KINDS OF Leather, Boot-Makers' Findings, Wliips, a'rc 519 Talbot Street, ST. THOMAS, = ONT. Commercial Travellers Patronize the ... « 71 X o Is o u b a (U W a -a a • •- o U O -^m) -^^ u r- b/3 cr o • u 'J c 4^ c «* rt "73 75 O ^ C U r. rt Ji (/) O o a» C/i > TJ C (U O c5 •4-1 -n o ••■ u jrf rt V! 5 s S 73 O >^ S •— 1 u rt o ^ > (U fS o > Uh O K* T? «— < • Ws C (/I S rt X a> ^ -O > o o OJ c/) a J= c/5 rz: U CL 73 3 o Importers of PR YJGOOD S. 73 ST. Hetbr Stheict, Foard of Ttaile Illilg, Head Office for Canada, - MONTREAL. EDWARD L. BOND, Chief ngent, 30 St. Krancois-Xavier Street. FOUNDED 1792. FIRE. MARINE. Insurance Company of North America, ir»Mir^A.T>isi:^i »MI A. Head Office for Canada : MONTREAL. ROBERT HAMP80N I SON. General Agents. Want a design? ■■^i., .e^^^^ C. J. PATTERSON. r^ F. T. QLEDHILL. ATTERSON ^Cfl^VJNKi (OMPANY oTOtNORAVii^ Telephone W , _, , ^^^ _ . \ / \J PI niMl^ \ / .ooa. Lithography 33 St. Gabriel Street, .MONTREAL. CVl CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. 'The Jfts. H^Y (gjyiPftNY ]rp. Woodstock, Ont. ^^-- :iVIarkvifactt.%r©rs Ai«r> EjaKfJOftofs of ^ CHEAP, MEDIM OiHjQMDEXUEillE IN . HARDWOOD, OAK, WALNUT AND MAHOGANY. Extension Tables Bedroom Suites Parlor Suites Cliiffonniers Upholstered Chairs Occasional Chairs Children's Chairs Verandah Chairs Sideboards Hall Racks Bureaus Beds Ladies' Rockers Kitchen Chairs Library Chairs Rattan Chairs Dining Chairs Tilting Chairs Parlor Suites Office Stools Easy Chairs Arm Chairs "• ' Tables Settees Lounges Cabinets Footstools Music Racks Rattan Tables Bric-a-brac Cabinets CANADA AND HER COMMKRCK. evil OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS OF THE . . OoffiiDioD Gommepeial TFavellers Ass'n 1893 AND 1894. . . ©fficevs . , s Cains, Gko. L., Watson, David, MORIN, J. H., McNai.ly, William, BiRKs, Frkd, Gl'rd, Charles, Wadsworth, H. W., - Prcsidoit, i :, . 86. R. of H. . R. of H. R. of H. . R. of H. R. of H. 102 & log. 1 08 t\: 1 1 9. R. of H. R. of H. . R. of H. R. of H. 1 1. R. of H. . R. of H. R. of H. ■ 79&85- 100& 107. . R. of H. 118& 125. , R. ot H. 75 & 85- . R. of H. 88. 147. '43- 1 16 & 124. 102 & I II. 106 & 1 17. 126 & 130. 129 & 130. 130. 131. • '33- R. of H. 15. 168. 100 & 105. R. of H. • >35- • 7- . . i^. . 88. 144. 71 & 82. g8 & 103. t3o& 199. CANADA AND MKR COM.\ir:RCE. CXI ROLI, f)F HONOR Continui-.d. INSURANCE. Alliance Assurance Co.. . xlix. Bond, iC. L. . . . . . xc. British America .Assurance Co. Ixxxvii, Canada Life Assurance Co., . . . 42-44. Confederation I.ile .Associaiion, . • '77- Commercial Travellers' Mutual B.-n-fit Association, .... 76. Covenant Mutual Benefit .Association, . 174. l-'astern .Assurance Co., .... I. Ivquitable Life Assurance Society, . xlix. Ciuardian Fire & Life Assurance Co., . 1. Hampson, R. & Son, .... cv. Liverpool <.\: Loruliiii 8i (ilobe Iii'^urance Co 1. London & Lancashire Life .\ssurance Co., cii. Mutual Reserve Fund Life Association, 164. Northern Assurance Co. of London, R. of H. Standard [.ife Assurance Co. , . . xlix. Sun Lite insurance Co., . . . xlviii. Sun I''ire Insurance Co., . . . xcii. Temperance & General Life Ass. Co., . ciii. Travellers' Insurance Co., Back Inside Cover. Union Assurance Society, . . . xc\ . Western .Assurance Co., . . Ixxxvi. IRON AND GOAL. Abbott & Co., cii. Amiot, Lecours & Lariviere, R. of H. Brush, George, liii. Buck, Wm., ..... xcviil. Canada Horse Shoe Nail Co., . ci. Chapleau, G., . . . c. Chinic Hardware Co., , . • i59- Clare Bros. & Co xcii. Clendinneng, Wm. & Son Co, Ltd., lii. Codere Sons & Co., .... liii. Davidson, Thos., Co., Ltd.. R. of H. Garth & Co R. of H. Gurney, Tilden & Co,, Ltd,, , . 45. Holden, A & Co Ixxxiv. Hutton, James & Co., liii. King & Son, Warden li. Kemp Manufacturing Co., . . . civ. Kerr Engine Co., The, . xciii. Luck€ 8i Mitchell, .... liii. Malleable Iron Co cii. .Miller Bros, it Toms, .... xcv. Mitchell, Rob.--t & Co,, , . R, of II. P.irmenter X: Bullock, . . . R. of H. Pillow, Mersey & Co cii. I'ink, Thos., .... Ixxxviii. Pyke, J. W. t\: Co., .... cii. Shirley & Dietrich, .... xcvii. Smart James. Mfg. Co., Ltd., . R. of H. Surveyor, L. J. .A., . . . . c. , Swift, iV Co., James, . . . R. ot H. Toronto Radiator Co.,' . . . lii. Walkerville .Malleable Iron Co., . xcvii. JEWELRY. Cochenthaler, .NL, . . liv. Dominion Rolled Plate Co., . Ixxxiv. •Meriden Britannia Co., Ltd., . 55. Miller & Bremner, .... Ixxxv. Montreal Watch Case Co., . . . Iv. .Simpson, Hall, .Miller & Co., . . liv. Schwob Bros., ..... ci. LUMBER. Booth. J. R., 47. Bronson & Weston Lumber Co., . 47. Dobell, Beckett & Co., .... Iviii. Edwards & Co., . . . . 47. McLaren, Estate of James, . . . 47. McLaughlin Bros., .... 47. Shearer & Brown, ..... ci MISCELLANEOUS. Ai;kh.ii.hk.\i. I.mpi.emems, .Art .associations, Brokkr.ac.k, Cars, Coffins, Cordage, Corks, Crockery, Drain Pipes, DRt'C.s, Dry Docks, Fancy Goods, Lime, Mill- ing, Offic"k Si'ppi.iEs, Paper, Roofing, RlBBER, Sl'GAR AND WaI.L PaPER, &C. .Acadia Sugar Refining Co., Auld, John, Beauvais, Ed. & Co.. Blaiklock Bros., Booth Copper Co., Bradstreets' Agencies, Bremner, Alex., . Breck & Booth, ■ 39-4 «• . xxv- Ixxxv. . XXV. Ixxxviii. xci. Iv. R. of H. I cxn CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. ROI.U OF HONOR Continued MI8GELLANE0US -CONTINUED. Campbell, Manson, .... xciii. Canada Paper Co., . . . R. of H. Canada Locomotive & Kntjinc Co., R. of H. Carson, Robt. J R. of H. Cassidy, J. L. & Co., . . . xxxv. Consumers' Cordage Co., . . . Ivii. Crossen Car Manufacturing Co., R. of H. Davie, Geo. T xxxv. Dominion Oil Cloth Co 162. Dominion Lime Co., .... Ix. Dom. Com. Trav. Ass'n., Reading Room, 59. •• " " " Smoking Room, 60. " " " " Secy's. Office, 61. Ferland, A. & Co., . . . c. Folger Bros R. of H. Girard, 1 Ixxxiv. Hatton, D. & Co., ci. Lake of the Woods Milling Co., . . 1. Massey-Harris Co. Ivi. McFarlane, D. & Co ci. McGowan, G. A., . . . R. of H. Mc Arthur, Colin & Co., . 122 & 128. Nelson, H. A. & Sons, ... Iv. Newlands & Co., . . . xcviii. Neostyle Co., Ix. Patterson Engraving Co., . . . cv. Reed, George W., .... Ix. Remington Typewriter Co., . . Ix. Richardson, J. & Son, . . . R. of H. Royal Pulp & Paper Co lix. Sclater .Asbestos Manufacturing Co., R. of H. Simpson & Peel R. of H. Smith, J. L. & Son, .... cii. Society la des Arts du Canada, . . Ixi. St. Lawrence Sugar Refining Co., R. of H. Victoria Square, . ... 23. Waterloo Manufacturing Co., . . xcvi. PAINTS AND OILS. Canada Paint Co . , .... Ixii. Cavanagh Co., The Edward, . . Ixi. Jamieson, R. C. & Co., . . . R. of H. McCaskill, Dougall & Co., . . . 160. Ramsay, A. & Son, .... Ixiii. Rogers Co., The Saml Ixiii. TAILORING. Blachc, George, . Charlebois, R., Halliday, James, . Harcourt, George & Son, Inglis, R. J. Milloy. J.J Pratt & Young, . Seed, W. E Smith, W. C St. Pierre, Wm,, Taylor, H. A., . deTonnancour, L. C. , TRANSPORTATION. Allan, H. & A Burnett's Express, . Canadian Express Co., Canada Atlantic Railroad, Dominion Transport Co., Elder, Dempster & Co., . Grand Trunk Railway, Hamburg-.American Packet Co., . Intercolonial Railway, Jacques, Ci. E. & Co., King's Express, . . . . Niagara Navigation Co., . Ottawa River Navigation Co., Pickford & Black, . Quebec Steamship Co., Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Co. Torrance, D. , & Co., . TOBACCO AND CIGARS. Cusson, E. N, . Empire Tobacco Co., Fortier, J. M., Goulet Bros., . Grothe, L. O. & Co., . Harris, I. & Son, Havana Cigar Co., Jacobs, H. & Co., McDonald, W. C, OberndoflFer, S., Pace, J. B., Tobacco Co., Rattray, J. & Co., . Ixv. Ixvii. Ixix. . Ixix. Ixvii. . Ixiv. Ixvii. Ixviii. Ixix. . Ixvi. Ixxxix. c. Ixx. Ixxxv. . Ixxiv. R. of H. Ixxii. R. of H. '57- 51 & Ixxi. ciii. . Ixxxv. Ixxii. . Ixxiii. Ixxiv. . Ixxiii. Ixxiii. R. of }L . Ixxvii. Ixxiv. Ixxiv. Ixxvii. . Ixxvi. Ixxvi. . Ixxvii. Ixxvi. R. of H. R. of H. Ixxv. Ixxv. ■ ' J i CANADA AND HER COMMERCE. CXIU ROLL OK TOBACCO AND CIGARS continued. Runk, Montgomery & Co., Tuckett, Geo. E. & Son, Ltd., Villeneuve, J. O. it Co., Webster, W. R TRUNKS AND LEATHER. Crocker, J. & Son, . Kournier & Boyer, McLeod, Hawthorne X: Co., Robin & Sadler WAGONS AND CARRIAGES. Canada Carriage Co., . Chatliam Manufacturing Co., . Gananoque Spring Co., Gillies, George, HONOW-CONI INUKH. Ixxxv. • 5' Ixxvi Ixxvii ciii ■ Ixiii Ixiii • Ixix , 49 xcvn R. of H R. of H WINES AND LIQUORS, liooderham & Worts, Ltd., . . Ixix. Cioudreau, Louis, .... Ixxxiii. Hope, John & Co., .... Ixxxi. Kelley cV Glassey, .... Ixxvii. La Compagnie d'.\ppro\ isionnements .Mimentaircs de Montreal, . Law, N'oung & Co. Matiiieu I'rcres, McMananiy, I). X: Co., . O'Neil, George, Osborne, John, Son & Co., Pelee Island Wine Co., Seagram, Jos. K., Walker, Hiram iV Sons, Ltd . . Wonham, W. R. & Sons, Ixxxii. Ixxxiii. Ixxviii. Ixxviii. Ixxxiii. Ixxxii. xcv. xciv. Ixxx. Ixxviii. A. C. CAMP. PUBLISH ER (BY AUIHi.RlTY/ 1895. IL Printed by The Sablston l.ltho. & PubllshinK Co. Montreal. I «i w » ^ A Combination Aceident Policy ip( • • • M-a:^ • • a "TheTrayelers OF HAI^TFOI^O. GUARANTKKING IN CASE OF ACCIDENTAL INJURY ANYWHERE : $10,000 /^For Death. For Loss of Sight of Both Eyes. For Loss of Both Feet. For Loss of Both Hands. For Loss of One Hand and One Foot For Loss of Right Hand. For Loss of Either Leg at or above Knee. For Permanent Total Disabilit;'. For Loss of Left Hand. For Loss of Either Foot. For Loss of Sight of One Eye. Per Week, up to 52 Weeks for pisabling Accidental Injury other than as above. In Case of Accidental Injury while Riding as a Passenger in any Steam, Cable, or Electric Conveyance: $20,000 For Death. For Loss of Sight of Both Eyes. For Loss of Both Feet. For Loss of Both Hands. For Loss of One Hand and One Foot. For Loss of Right Hand. For Loss of Either Leg at or above Knee. For Permanent Total Disability. For Loss of Left Hand. I For Loss of Either Foot. For Loss of Sight of One Eye. {Per Week, up to 52 Weeks for Disabling Accidental Injury other than as above. Costs : $50 a year to Professional and Business Men, including Commercial Travelers. LESS SUMS AT PROPORTIONATE RATES. *|*|^ _ *T*t»^mfil»ltf*l»tt *'^° '^^"* ^^^ ^^^^ °^ LIFE, INVESTMENT and ^ li^ 1 I OVCICr^ ENDOWMENT INSURANCE, at the lowest cost, it makes no guesses, and allows its agents to make none, and a man knows what his money is to bring him and is never deceived or disappointed. FRANK F. PARKINS, Chief Agent, 185 5t. James St., (Temple Bdg). MONTREAL, Que. I