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Tous les autres exemplalres originaux sont filmAs en commei«9ent par la premlire pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impreesion ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboles suivants apparaltre sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, salon le cas: le symbols — »- slgnifle "A SUIVRE ". le symbols Y slgnifle "FIN". Les cartes, pisnches, tableeux. ate. peuvent «tra filmte i dea taux de rMuction diffArenu. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour itre reproduit en un seul clieh«, il est film* * partir de I'angle sup*rieur gauchai da gauche * droits, et de haut en bee, en prenant le nombre d'images n*eessaire. Les diagrammes suivsnts Hlustrent la m*thode. 32X 1 6 AOVBRTISlAfBNTS. ESTABLISHED 40 YEARS, G. 1. BEIFIEW & CO.. QUEBEC, Will offer during the traveilint> Season their I^rge and Valuable Stock of at unusually low prices. TOURISTS ARE IRYITED TO VISIT OUB FUR SHOW R091I on :3 lURING THE SyHNER. Ladies Real Seal/cm and Ermine SacqtttSy Setts, ^H Hats, Gauntlets, dec. EUdsen Sa7 and Bnnia Sables, Gentlemen's Sealskin Coats, Gaps, Qanntleti, Oigtr Oases and Purses, Sleigh Bobes and Carriage Bugs, Indian Works, Snovskoes, Hoc- rasins, &e., Moose and Cariboo Beads and Antlers. •—ALSO — Lincoln & Bennetfs Best London HatSy l9«l Load®& liAdo tFmll^;rtlla«, DEIifrS KID GLOVES, &C. > &G. Orders by Mail promptly attended to. 35 BUADE STREET, Oppoaite the French Cathedral, Quebec. I I I %% il a AOVBRTISEMINTS. THE ALBION McGILL & ST. PAUL STS.. MONTREAL, CANADA- ,K-..) The Proprietors of this Hotel take this opportunity of thank- ing the public for the patronage so liberally given for a period considerably over twenty years, and bog to announce that they have just completed redecorating and refurnishing, and have spared no expense to make the " Albion " the most oomfortablc, as it has ^ ^ so long been the best patronized, hotel in Montreal. Being situated on McGill street, the great thoi-p^ghfare, the •' Albion " is in the mid^st" of the greatest business houses in Canada; at the same time commanding an unequalled view of the St. Lawrence River, Victoria Bridge, Victoria Square and Mount Royal. Proprietors .'1 u S^i ^.-'" Ui ■I IP 1 1 ■! \ \ 1 1 ' 1' 1 1^ ' 'll j i ' ■111 I'i i 1 1, Uill 1 \ !l 1 11' b|Ul|| U 1 iiilil^l I 1 L 1 .f tJ if « ill'' "IfSc'Ai i!i!jiiiii„:;ij|, MMi!^!^ o fS^ ^^ jj-^'i^^r;..^' a^ •» *^ "" '■! ',U. A Medicine^ not a Drim r. Every one uses HOP '.a tises HOP BITTERS. The Best and Purest Mediome ever mcude. A I ir ^ ^ ^^^Bh ^^^^^Hi.. NIVlMnOIN IVJUJiNOyV IhhH ■ S^' pp^s K B^^ ^m 1 S 'Bill II^J^JUWM N^ia^NV9 ll^ifj^JUWi^ *tVKi¥N\^ [ ^heO Ivanta Iti8 1 7athedi retfiil tr few mil Th« land Pa lln eleK) lolasa n« It I I ments t It! Its Thi [ system thronR rofbavl Th( en auti ■Ih of any withoi oelcbri Til matnti Si "•J&ii ■i^mi'"~' " ' ADVERTISEMENTS. lit OTTAWA HOTSL. r/te OTTAWA HOTEL is the only recognized Head Quaiten of all Americans when visiting Montreal. ^vantageoas location. ,„«;„„i ni.snnto of nnblio Interest, such M the , It iB Within pasy distance of the P'in«'Pfj , , „ JL -5^i re of thTwkolesale and Cathedral of Notrfi Dam»». •'^/"'♦^•f "^^ »"J Banks *»»» «<■*»»'«*♦ *"> *"''*" * tetoil trade of the city ; near th« Post Office, BanKs, «o., an «« " lew minute" wallc of the Bot«l. r.„„iai,Aii nnow throuffhout, Ita Bedrooms I The " OTfAW A" haa recently boon ("rn'^"*'^.."^^'*"^^ ""^.t^^^^^^ ©f ftarnlture. M-c^^tLfa-n'^ur^^^^^^^^^ «-' lcla«hoteHn,thecity.^^ E.kvatou. Klkotuic Bklls, and all the latest improve. ^ {iB^mefN^Tun JxceVl bv that of -"y o'J'- Si^iS" by'the most perfect The health of its p»tion« has been ""P'^.F^J'^^laB carrying the softpipe* system of drainage ^"'5 mod«'-n.''«"''*7 P/^^f^S'''" ,Vd h^ possifelfity through the root, thereby securing perfect veutilauon, ana avoiuiug vu v * of having any impure air in the »Jot«' -....,j x, m 00 ud t2.60 «or di«m. Rooms Th» fries of Booms, with Board, I'M *•« ,^»*\"J *» S?i" r^es l.fr lo^r periods. - «S»c^m^S« ^f^^S^ea^^^ """'Xhe Manager ro^nectfully solicits your patronngeand '"A^^c^- ""Jjif ®' *'' ■alSi^n the ?eJutalfon of tL " OTTAW a'' f«[: »h« Pf "''^^^^fj,"/ "» °"''*"'' Special rates tor Thfairicni Companies and tJtcursion Pariles. J. F. WAMNEB, Maanger. IV ADVERTISEMENTS. RICHELIEU HOTEL. (^JIOIITRJlAiJ) ^, ^— :::^ CANADA. ^ ^ cJ^fe<4M^ CORNER NOTRE DAME STREET. Opposite the Court House, Montr ml. The above FIRST-CLASS HoHl is the mo.'t Fashionable, Sty- lish aud Conmiodious in the City of Montreal, and the only one kept on the AMERICAN and EUROPEAN PLANS, so long desired bv the Travelling Public. It is situated on the corner of Notre Dame and St. Vincent Streets, opposite the Court House, in the vicinity of the principal places of business— extending through to Jacques Car- tier Square, in full view of the following places of interest; New City Hall, Champ de Mars, Nelson Monument, Grand Trunk R.R. Offices, and from the foot of which Square all the Lake and River Steamers arrive and depart. This Hotel is the only one in the Dominion of Canada which has a fine shaded promenade on its Roof, Commanding a full view of the St. Lawrence River for niiles around> of the Moun- tain, and of all the City. As our advertisements have not yet reached all parts of the United States and the Dominion of Canada, we have made great reductions in our rates for the present year, as a safe and speedy manner of advertising the com- fort of our Hotel. * OUR PRESENT RATES ARE AS TOLLOWS : AMERICAN PJLAN, from «2.00 to 32.50 per day. EUROPEAN PLAN: BMt Pttmished Eoom, from $1.00 to $1.50 per day ; Bestaurtnt a la OarU. Tourists will find on every boat one of our agents, who will be honored to receive any orders, and makeany special agreement with them, toseouie them all the comfort required. Une visit is respectfullr Bolicit«d to con- vince them of the comfort of our establisbraeit. Tcrnnoi? is. X liurniBiUK, N.B.— Our 'busaeg will be found on the arrival of every train and at all tlieetearaerg CONTENTS. ! Various Routes dkscribed, by Rail and Water. Classified Index to Advertisers ^^XII Index to Maps ^^^^ 3 Hudson River Route via People's Line of Steamers, or Day Une ot Steamers, New York, West Point and Albany 5-2» Saratoga via Delaware and Hudson Canal Company, R R., Iroy ^^^^ Lake^Georee^lm Branch of 'Delaware and Hudson Canal Com^y R R7saratoga, Fort Edward Station, Glen Falls andVort ^^^^ BurliSrand's^Albkn; Vii'FVri WiiiU^^ nem;; Ticoi^itiii^, Rutland and St. Albans • • • ."H" *^5' Albany to Trenton Falls. Watkins Glen Seneca I^ke via Ke^ York Central and Rome, Syracuse and Rochester R.R^, Utica and Canandaigua, or >'ia New York, Lake Erie and Western, ^^^^ NiagSa^F^ils'^rN^Yo^ici^JaWErie^^ Suspension Bridge • • • • !. ' * * U * V * i tJ *t>o ' ' Detroit ^d Chicago via Great Westeni and l^>f ^ff" .^^n*'*^^^ , _ , , . Hamilton, London. Detroit. Jackson a«d Michigan City ... 103 13 Chicago to Mackinaw via Chicago, Milwaukee and St. *'»'» .^^^;' or Chicago and North Western R.R. and Detroit and Milwau- kee Stealers (Milwaukee and Grand Haven), and Detroit and Milwaukee R:R:, Grand Haven and Grand Rapids, Mich. ; or by Steamers of Northern Transit Company, or Lake Michigan and Lake Superior Company • .•••••", ^ 5 Grand Rapids to Mackinaw and Grand Traverse region via Grand Rapides and Indiana R.R., Traverse City, Mamstee and Mack- Tl A • ■•■••••••••"•••••3' Macki'n^ Iskndto DetroitVik Detroit and Bay City R.R., Bay City, ^ ^^ Alpena and Detroit 'VycB no Detroit to Suspension Bridge via Great Western R.K. » '9 SusTens on Bridge to Toronto, via Great Western RR., and steamer '^Lewiston and Niagara; or by Canada Southern R.R., and Steamer Queenstou and Niagara • • : * * * \ ^ ■* Toronto to Montreal via Grand Trunk R.R. to Kingston and Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Steamers ; or by Richelieu and Ontario Steamers, Cobourg, Belle^Ue, Kingston. Thou- ^nd Islands. Brockville, Rapids of the St. Lawrence 13 1-50 VI CONTENTS. Montreal to Caledonia Springs via Ottawa Navigation Co 's *^^^ Steamers, St. Anne's, Lake of Two Mountains, Carillon L'Orignal *iec>-6 Caledonia Springs to Ottawa and Montreal via Ottawa' Navigation ' Co.'s Steamers • l6i-Qt Montreal to Beloeil Mountain via Grand Trunk R.R.*/ Victoria Bridge and St. Hilaire ,-^ Montreal to Quebec via Grand Trunk R.R. ; or Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Co., Sorel and Three Rivers ; or by Que- bec, Montreal and Occidental R.R , 101 il t Quebec to the Lower St. Lawrence and Saguenay River viaSt.' Iav. rence Steam Navigation Co., Murray Bay, Tadousac and Ha ' Ha ! Bay ; or by Intercolonial R. R. to Rivifere du Loup and Cacouna, and St. Lawrence Steaia Navigation Co. up the Sairue- nay *•, 2^ ^2^ Introduction to Western Appendix t26-2o Chicago, as it was and as it is iw-i;7 Chicatjo, 111., to Council Blufls, la., and Omaha,' Neb.', Via'chic'a'go* Rock Island and Pacific, R.R., Rock Island, Davenport, West Liberty, Des Moines. For connections with this road see page 359 ..: .cy,^ Chicago to Omaha via Chicago and North Western R.R. Junction Dixon, Morrison, Fulton, 111., Clinton, Cellar Rapids, Marshall Town, Grand Junction, Missouri Valley Junction, and Council Bluffs. At all these points it has R.R. connections 184-87 Chicago to St. Paul via Chicago and North Western R.R, (Milwau- kee Division), Kenosha and Racine 187-88 St. Paul to Summci- Resorts of Wisconsin, Minnesota arid Miclii gan via the Chicago, St. Paul and Mi':aeapolis R.R. and con- necting Hnes, including St. Croix River, Green Bay, Penokee, Lake Geneva, Lake Pepin, Min^etonka I^ke and White Bear Lake l88-4o<» St. Paul to Winnipeg and the > " ♦ Territory via the St Paul, Minneapolis and xMani ,, and Pe» ibina Branch of the Canadian Pacific Raihv,< * Vincent, Wayzata Sauk Rr.pids, Glyndon and Croc , iViinn., and Emerson* Lhicago to Oni.aha via the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R.R. Mendota, Galesburg, III., Monmouth, Burlington, Creston' and Council Blufls, la., at which points it has R.R. connec- tions 411-1? Galesburg to Quincy via The Quincy Branch of the Chicago, BuV- lingtoa and Q.«i"cy R.R 4j, Creston and Hopkins Branch of the Chicago, Burlington and* QuVn- . cy R.R 414-15 Chicago to St Louis via The Chicago, Alton and St. Louis R.R., Joliet, Bloomington, and Alton, at all of which are R.R. con- nections 4 1 C-18 St, Louis to Kansas City via The Chicago and Alton R.r!, oV Via The Missouri Pacific R.R.. Jefferson Citv and Sedalia - nr tH*i CONTENTS. ▼n fAGE Wabash) St. Louis and Pacific, R. R. Warrentoh, Mnberly, and Missouri City 41S-19 Kansas City to Denver and Cheyenne, u.id the Summer resorts of Colorado, via The Kansas Pacific Branch of the Union Pacific, R.R , Lawrence, Topeka, Pueblo, Colorado and Manitou Springs. .419-35 Kama* City to Atchison or Denver, via The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe R.R., Burlingame, Osage City, Cottonwood, Pueblo.435-38 Denver to Cheyenne, via The Colorado Central R.R , Golden, Georgetown, Central City , 438-41 Omaha 441-43 Omaha to Ogden via The Union Pacific R.R., Freemont, Grand Is- land, North Platte, Laramie, Creston, Green River, Evanston Echo Canon, and Weber Canon 443-58 ^gf'en 458-61 Ogden to Salt Lake City via Ihe Utah Central Branch of the Union Pacific 461-470 Ogden to San Francisco via the Central Pacific R.R., Promontory, Humboldt, Reno, Truckee, Summit, Sacramento, Stockton, and Lathrop 470-82 San Francisco 482-89 San Francisco to Yosemite Valley 489-90 Sacramento to Oregon and Victoria, B.C., by the Oregon Division of the Central Pacific R.R., Mount Shasta and Roseburg, or by the Pacific Mail Steamship Coy., or Victoria and Olimpia Lines of Steamers 490-493 Quebec to White Mountains via Grand Trunk R.R , Richmond, Island Pond, and Gorham, or by Grand Trunk R.R. Coy. to Sherbrooke, and Massawippi Valley R.R. to Newport, Vt., thence by Connecticut and Passumpsic R.R 226-48 AVhite Mountains to Portland via Grand Trunk R.R 248-54 Portlar J to White Mountains via Portland and Ogdensburg R.R., North Conway, Crawford's or Fabyan's . . . , 254-56 Portland to Harrison and return via Sebago, Portland and Ogdens- burg R.R. and steamer on Lake Sebago : Sebago, Slount Pleasant and Lake Station 256-60 Pojtland to New York via The Maine Steamship Coy 260 Portland to Boston via Eastern Railroad, Portsmouth, Salem, Lynn, or via the Portland Steam Packet Steamers 260-66 Portland to New York via Portland and Rochester R.R., Worces- ter and Nashua R.R., Norwich and Worcester R.R., New London and Northern R.R., and Norwich Line of Steamers from "New London 266-67 Boston to New York via The Old Colony R.R. and Fall River Line of Steamers , 279-80 Montreal to New York via llie Central Vermont R.R., St. Albans, Missisquoi Park, Alburgh Springs, Waterbury, Vt., White River Junction, Rutland, Troy or Springfield ; or via The Delaware and Hudson Canal R.R., Rouse's Point, Platts. Lliror. Whil-MKnll nml AlKunv • r»r liv 1^ lil tt\ l?r»iic»'c P/^inf <^.- -^-3J — ,■ • — -,• ~- ; "• lUII OONTMfTS. PAGE Plattsburf i and Tha-Ghawpiain Transportakion-Gby. taBarling- toaand Ticondefoga. thence by R.R. as belore to Albany. . . . 280-92 Montreal to New York and Boston via South Eastern R.R., to I^es Memphremagog, Winnepesaukee, White Mountains, and Passumpsic, Connecticut, and Merrinwc River Valleys, to Con- cord, Concord R.R. to Nashua, and Boston, Lowell and Nashua R.R. to Boston; and to New York via Wells River and White River Junction, and Connecticut River R.R. to Springfield and New Haven, Hartford and Springfield, to New York 29296 Lake Champlain Route via Grand Trunk R.R., D-l.iware and Hudson Canal Coy. R.R. to Plattsburg, ant Champlain Transportation Coy. Port Kent, Ausable Chasm, Burlington, and Ticonderoga 296-304 Tieonderoga to Lake George via Branch of Delaware and Hudson R.R. and Steamer to Caldwell 304-6 New York to Long Branch, Atlantic City, Ocean Grove and Cape xMay, via the New York and Long Branch Division of New Jersey Central R.R., or via Steamer to Sandy Hook, and New Jersey Southern to Philadelphia, and Pennsylvania R.R., or Philadelphia and Reading R.R 307 23 New York to Long Island, Coney Island, Rockaway, Manhattan Beach, West Brighton, via Steamer, or New York and Brighton Beach R.R,, the Brighton R.R., Manhattan R.R., Prospect Park and Coney Island R.R., Sea Beach R.R,, and Long IslajidR.R 311-17 New York 323-26 CLASSIFIED INDEX TO ADVERTISFRS. Bookbinders and Publishers. Pacjk JohntLovell &> Son, Montreal Opp 228 Rose, Belford &• Co., Toronto 545 Confectioner. D. S. Perrin &* Co., London, Ont 542 Electro-therapeutk: Institites. Vernoy'* Electro-therapeutic Institute, Toronto 549-50 Engravers. (ieorge. Bishop &^ Co., Montreal 54S Gents' Furnishing Goods, etc. R. C. Wilbon, Montreal . Back of Map of Excursion Routes. Classified Index —TO- ADVERTISERS, M CLASiirilD INDEX TO AUVCKTISlRtl. GuiDK Books. Fkom Cinsholm's Strangers Gnide to Montreal . , 551 •' AU Round Route CUiide 553 The lalernational Railway ami Steam Navigation Gvide 552 HaTTIKS and FuRRIEtS. Henderson J., ^ Co., Montreal .. 544 Renfrew G. R., •Sr'Co., Quebec 1. Hekmeticallt sealed PEorisiOK$. rortla«d Packing Co 54* Hotels, Albany, N. V. The Kenmore , 555 Alexandfia Bay, N.Yr, Round Island Pnrk House,...., 13Z •♦ *♦ ** .St. Lawrence Hotel 133 ** ♦* •* Thousand Island Houhe. . 535 «* *t u Westminster Park House ...,. » 540 Boston, Mass., American, lewis Rite tfir" Son ,,.... 270 Burlington. Vt., Van Hess House, I). (J. Barber 6^ Co 5I Caldwell, Lake George, N.Y., Fort William Henry Hotel, T. Roessle &' Son , 4S Caledonia Springs, Ont., The Grand Hotel 157 Cat skill Mountain House N. Y 555 Chica^i>, III., Palmer House 353 " " Grand Pacific Hotel ,,,... 353 *' ** Sheruian Hou»e 353 <» M Trem ont House ••'••353-354' •♦ ** Cbfdnex Honse ,.. , 354 Clayton, N,V., Walton Howse. 556 Higjigatc Springs, Franklin House and Cottages , . , 536 Lake George, Fort George Hotel 304 *♦ The Lake House 305 •* Central Hotel , 305 ** Carpenter's Hotf I , . , 306 Montreal, Albion Hotel, Sleai-ns A Murray II ** Ottawa Hotel, J, F. Warner , lU «♦ Richekea Hotel, I. B. Durocher IV •* St. Lawrence Hall, H.Hogan , 173 " Winds©* Hotel, R. H. Southgate 538 New Haven Conw. Moseley's New Haven House 555 New York, Fifth Avenue 555 ** " Hoflfman House 555 '♦ " Windsor Hotel 555 Niagara Falls, Brunswick House (Canada side) ................. 83 *♦ ♦* International Hotel, (Anin. side) 531 •* *• Spencer House, (Amn. side). ,... ,,,.,.... 53* Ottawa, Ont., Windsor Hote'., S. Daniels 539 CLAS8IFI1D INDEX TO ADVIRTlMBRa. Xf 539 534 Pagi Philadelphia, Pa. Colonnade Hotel 555 «» •• Giiard House 555 M •• Iji Pierre House 555 •< "St George Hotel Portland, Me, Falmouth Hotf 1 ' « PreVile &* Ocean Houses Plattsburg, Fouquet House Ml'V u* * L r- Quebec, Can. , St . I ouis Hotel Outside Back Cover Richfield Sulphur Springs, N. Y. Spring House 555 t5t. Albans, American House 53* •• Welden House 555 St. Louis, Mo , Lindell Hotel 417 Salt Lake City, Utah Terr, Walker House 403-464 i< •< Townsend House 464 San Francisco, Cal.. Palace H«nel 485 <« •< Baldwin Hotel 4^0 u <• Occidental Hotel 486 t* •• Lick House 4^6 Saratoga, Congress Hall 29 " United States Hotel « « Grand Union Hotel • " Dr. Strong's Remedial Institute Springfield, Mass. Massasoit House Toronto, Ont. , Queen's Hotel, McGaw &> Winnett 537 Troy, N.Y.,Troy House 533 Washington, D. C. Arlington House 555 West Point, N. Y. Cossen's West Point Hotel 555 .. •• West Point TTfrl 555 White Mountains, Crawfoni ( \ .E Pu BOS S»3 529 Sa* 522 528 523 5»7 5*4 554 525 14-516 5*8 497 507 498 500 1-502 506 499 508 503 504 50s 507 £ [CHISHOLM'S AI.L-ROUND KOITE ■^-^ AND Panoramic Gutde OK THK ST. LAW^RENCE: Brr.80N BIVBR ; 8AUAT.>GA ; TRENTON' KALL8 ; MAOARA ; TORONTO - THOUSAND ISLANDS, AND THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE ; OTTAWA • ' MONTREAL ; QUEBEC ; THE LOWER ST. LAWRENCE AND ' SAOUENAY RIVEHS ; IHE WHITE MOUNTAINS ; PORTLAND ; BOSTON ; NEW-VOKR, — AND — Western Tourists Gm TO THE / '^■-' GREAT WKST, NORTH WKST AM) f^R WiS'f KMBRAC ING DETROIT, CIUCAr^O, MILWAUKEE, ST. ...VUl, MINNKAFOL WINNIVEO, KANSAS CITY, LEAVENWOKTH, ATCHISON; CHEY1.;^NE, DENVKR, SALT LAKE, SACHEMENTO, AND SAN KlUNCKsco. •*!. V|] MONTREAL : C. R. CmSHOLM & CO., 87 CHABOILLEZ SQUARE, Puhltshers, Booksellers ami General Railway News Aoe,Us, llKANtllKS AT IN CONNKCTION WITH TJIK DOMINION NKNNS CO. BURLAND LITHOGRAPHIC CO., PRINTERS. x> 1S80. Advertisements. THE «« AMERICAN, BOSTON. »» Central Location. Unexceptionable Table. Passenger Elevator. Perfect Ventilation. PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE FOR FAMILIES and TOURISTS. Prices Lower than ^ other First-Class Hotel FURNISHING EQUAL ACCOMMODATIONS. "It is one of the most attractive ami best managed of New Englaui Hotels."— .V. r. Mail. LEWIS RICE 86 SON. KanOver St. PREFACE. The All-round Route and Panoramic Guide OF THE St. Lawrence, and Western Tourists' Guide, in its new form, has far exceeded in its success the most sanguine anticipations of the proprietors and they feel that their desire to pubhsh such a book as would meet the requirements of the American traveller m making the popular tours described therein, have been fully appreciated. They feci certain that the present edition will prove still more useful and attractive than all previous ones advantajje have been taken of suggestions made in re- gard to alterations, additions and improvements. Every attention has been given to securing accuracy of detail so as to make this work the most reliable and valuable Guide to Tourists, it being the only through Guid? Book published between the Atlantic and Pacific and the publishers, therefore, hope to secure a continu-' ance of support and patronage. They still solicit sug- gest.ons which may tend to benefit the work in future editions, and all favours will be duly acknowledged and, whenever practicable, made use of. QQ O P. P< <1 0) (-1 O 6 i-H s .a OB • >, P Q S ai « « H t ? g 2 ^ 03 o OB ^ S o a OS ^-'S, a •S a ^ ^ "* pi! a I _ o .S 5 1" p. TESTXl^On^riA-XiS. A. Norman, Esq.-I)«r Sir,-I suffered for four years f/7" ^»;^' J,'' \^E*rth^' Chicago, and o'ther eminent phvsicjnns railed ^hcnmausm of the bo^ds wh.cn triedTn vain to cure, but I a.n ttiankful to say your app anccshaNe «^';!^^y /'{^^^.^g. pain. 1 recommend all sufferers to try them. Yours truly, fKiBR i RlioumatlNm an«l proiiral«Itt. ToKoNTo, Novcnitjer 23, t»79- Mr. a. NoKMAN.-l have fully tried .u.d most >^''^'-«f"l'y Hformt o7adn>inf»tS Curative Insoles and Bands, and l.elieve this to be one of the ''^^'^f^r^'^'of^iiCmTUc an! Electricity, now known to be of such vah.able ''"P"^'*""- J*" , **o all suf^rers of these --■•''• 1 most cheerfully r«comm^nd the^r use ^o ^» "««^,^„ p,^,,. Neurai^c affections complaints. Circulars with Testimonials Pm No Charge for Consultation. A. NORMAN, No. 4 Q,ueen-st. East, Toronto. N.B.-Electric Baths, and Sulphur and Vapour Baths on the prem»« for .ad.e. and *'^S««-best in America-kept in all sues at reasonable prices. Al.o. Batteri* f«r salt. CpigKeitM'g+J^Lii-^eaND+^eaiFE AND -^p;^]\[0R^Mic^6aiDE-f:< OF THK I^IYE^-t'SJP^IiTIW^EjMCE, AND >;f WE^ipE^jV: TOa^I W : eaiDE-Ji' TO tj;e «J^K;«'lf : WKjS'F, : jve^'FJI : WR?>'F : ?!]VD : F^l^ : WKJST. THE HUDSON RIYER. jROBABLY no other river in the world presents so i,Teat a variety of views as tlic Hudson. Through- out its whole extent there is a combination of the finest views, and each turn in its course reveals fresh pictures which serve to illustrate some of the best scenery of the Old World. Some travellers have pronounced the Hudson grander than the Rhine. Certainly the unprejudiced opinion of tourists will agree with that of Thacker.iy who has given to this noble river the verdict of Beauty. In order to view these beauties it is necessary that this trip be taken by daylight, and we recommend to the notice of our renders the splendid steamers "Albany," 6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. " Chauncey Vibbard " and " Daniel Drew," of the Day line. These are indeed floating palaces, for the speed and ariang'jtncnts of the vessels, and the luxurious fittings of the saloons, arc not surpassed by any other line of I All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Day speed I K ittings ine of boats on the continent. The People's Line of Steamers, the "St. John " and "Drew," are equally fine boats, and in their appointments are not excelled by any steamers in the world. These magnificent steamers leave New York daily at 6 p.m., and pass the beautiful scenery of the Palisades before dark, arriving at Albany at 6 a.m. The day steamers leave the wharf at Veesey street every morning, calling at the foot of 24th street, and run up the 150 miles of the Hudson, by 6 o'clock in the evening. For the first twelve miles of our upward journey we skirt along the Island of Manhattan, upon which the city of New York is built. One of the first objects of in- terest we see on the right hand, is the handsome stone edi- fice of the New York Orphan Asylum, where nearly 200 children of both se.\es are clothed, fed, taught, and ultimately assisted to find respectable employment. The happy and contented looks of these poor children are, perhaps, the most satisfactory proofs of the success of this inestimable institution, which, founded in 1806, by several benevolent ladies, has gradually progressed until it now occupies the stately and comfortable house whose gardens stretch down to the very edge of the water. On the opposite side of the river, we pass by the yet picturesque villages of Hoboken and Weehawken. We s^yyel picturesque, as their close proximity to that great city which is daily travelling onwards would make one imagine that the villas and street palaces of its mer- chants would mar their rural beauty ; but this is not so. How long this state of things may remain it is impos- sible to conjecture, as lager beer saloons, pleasure gar- dens, and restaurants arc daily being raised here. Just above Manhattanvillc, a small village, and one of the suburbs of New York, chiefly occupied by the 8 All-Rotiiui Route a? i Panoramic Guide. pooror class of people, is Trinity Cemetery, where, among many others, lie the remains of Audubon, the celebrated naturalist, \vho;e name has been eiven to a small village, of about twenty or thirty acres, where he used to live, but which, since his death, has been cut up into building lots, and still retains the aristocratic name of Audubon Park. Just beyond this park, a large building, surmounted by a cupola, and having a tower at the south-west angle, may be descried among the trees. This is the New York Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, incorporated 1 8 17, which is probably unequalled by any similnr establishment in America. It stands in its own grounds of thirty-seven acres, and the terrace upon which the buildings (five in number, arranged in a quadrangle) are erected, is one hundred and thirty feet above the river. This institution alone accommodates four hundred and fifty patients, and is only one instance of the open-handed liberality and discriminating fore- sight of those in the State of New York, who do their best to alleviate distress, in whatever form it may appear, among their fellow creatures. We here approach, on the same side, Fort Washing- ton, or Washington Heights, as it is sometimes, and per- haps more appropriately, called. The residence of the late James Gordon Bennet is built near the site of the Old Fort. The ground is from five to six hundred feet above the river, and the v^ew from this spot is exceed- ingly fine, the eye being able to trace the windings of the Hudson River northward for many miles, whilst southward the great city we have just left, with its suburbs of Brooklyn and Jersey City, can be plainly seen, though ten miles off. We now leave the Island of Manhattan behind us, All- Round Route ami Panoramic Guide. 9 having by this time passed abreast of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, which separates the Island from the rest of the State of New York. The Hudson River Rail- road crosses the creek by a long bridge, laid upon piles, and a station, called after the name of the inlet, is immediately on the other side of the bridge. On the opposite shore of the river that singularly beautiful forma- tion of rock called "The Palisades." commences. From the summit of the Palisades a magnificent view is obtained. High up upon the crest of the great escarpment, one may stand, and look fjir away into the west, and see the most gloricnis sunsets that ever changed the sky to gold or fire. To the north lie the highlands we are soon to pass, stretched out in noblest panorama for our view, and to the south the river flows on in a broader stream, until on the eastern side the City of New York begins, and the stream changes its aspect, and passes between the crowded shores that send out across it the noisy thunder of their busy life ; and pali- sades, and rocky hills, and long reaches of still stream, and green pleasant banks, make a sudden end as the Hudson sweeps grandly and quietly down to the sea. ^ The Palisades were known to the early settlers a-j the €re.it Chip Rock. These rocks are from three to six hundred feet high, and present the same bold front to the river that the celebrated Giant's Causeway does to the ocean. They extend about 15 miles, from Fort Lee to the hills of Rockland county, and form a separating line between the valley of the Hudson and that of the Hackensack, and such an effectual barrier do they pre- sent, that the Hackensack Ri'.er flows side by side with the Hudson, but at a higher level, for thirty miles, and at a distance of »vithin two or three hundred vards. 10 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. The rock is that known as the Basaltic trap rock, one of the oldest geological formations. About two miles and a half above Spuyten Duyvil, the tourist will perceive a handsome stone castellated build- ing. This was erected by Mr. Edwin Forrest, the emi- nent tragedian, as a residence, and is called Fonthill. It has now changed hands, and is a portion of the building belonging to the Convent and Academy of Mount St. Vincent, as the surrounding neighborhood is called, hav- ing a station on the Hudson River Railway. Two miles higher up, we come to the flourishing village of Yonkers. Near the river stands an old building, a portion of which was erected in 1682 as a manor house, in which may be seen a curious fire place, formed of tiles illustrating Scrip- ture subjects, icx) in all, and still retaining their fresh ap- pearance. The whole interior of the building serves to mark the quaint, yet tasteful style of house decoration in early times. This building (with additions) is. now used as a town hall. Near the village, the little Sawmill River runs into the Hudson. The whole valley through which the Sawmill River runs is very beautiful, and the angler will find the stream well stocked with fish. Four miles more steaming through a strikingly pic- turesque country, brings us to Hastings and Dobb's Ferry, at both of which places the Railroad, which runs along the river has stations. The division between the States of New Jersey and New York strikes the river on the left bank, just opposite Dobb's Ferry, and henceforth our journey is entirely through the State of New York. At this point the Palisades may be said to end. We now approach a part of the river full of interesting associations to both the American and British nations, for it was about Tarrytown and Tappan, on the opposite Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. U side of the river, during the American revolution, that Major Andre, of the British Army, was hanged as ' after having bejn made fully acquainted with j which West Point could be seized by the British Arnold, of Washington's Army, having turned his cause. Major Andre, who to the last mai. character for personal bravery, terminated his spy, whilst Arnold, after doing his best to deli country into the hands of its enemies, escaped placing himself under the protection of the British flanspicuous house of white marble, built by the late Mr. Philip Paulding-. 12 AU-Round Route \r\t\rt\nrr 4-^ Tk- r^ \\j r^ . , „^,.,.„g„,g .^.^ ^,^ ^ yy vjrant, ana covered All- Round Route ami Panoramic Guide. 15 in the summer time with vines and pear trees, in the suc- cessful culture of which the worthy Doctor is supposed to be unequalled. A little way above lona, and but half a mile below West Pomt, we come upon the Buttermilk Falls, caused by the flowing down of a small stream into the river be- low, and falling over the hill-side a hundred feet in as many yards. This fall, when increased by any late rains or swollen by freshets, well deserves the homely name by which It IS known, the snow-white foam truly giving it the appearance of buttermilk. Half a mile further up brings us to " Cozzen's Hotel Dock " at West Point. Here the vessel on which we are travellmg stops for a while to land passengers who are anxious to remain a day or so at Cozzen's comfortable hotel. This, during the summer season, is a very favorite resort, and much crowded ; travellers would do well to make use of the telegraph a day beforehand to bespeak accommodation, or they may find themselves dis- appointed on their arrival. This familiar resort of summer pleasure-seekers is perched high on a cliff, the most prominent for many miles along the river. Nothing could be more picturesque than Its situation, high up in the air, looking down upon the noble river. It is several hundred feet above the water but so perpendicular are the rocks that it looks twice the real distance. The view of the old building upon the wharf, with the beetling cliff rising abrupt from the river and crowned by the elegant structure above, needs but little imagination to recall the scenery on many parts of the Rhine, One mile more brings us to West Point itself, most lovely of all the lovely spots on the river. It 7s well 16 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide. known that the great Military Academy is situated here. Space will not enable us to enter fully into a description O O o p. 'A P of the course of instruction pursued ; suffice it to say that the fact of a young man having passed through the course I All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 17 is a clear proof of his being an officer, and a gentleman in Its broadest sense. The traveller may well pass a few hours m this locality, and if he should happen to be ac qamted with any of the professors, or cadets in the Mili- tary College, he will be enabled to go over the buildings, different galleries, &c., and judge for himself as to whether the mstruction and discipline kept up is not likely to pro- duce some of the finest military men-soldiers that any European nation might be proud of West Point is the centre of a host of reminiscences of the War of the Re- volution. Upon its defences was concentrated the atten- tion and efforts of the Congress, and it became one of the most important military posts in the country. Here from Uees Point, was stretched across the River Hudson a huge Cham to stop the passage of vessels above this point It was laid across a boom of heavy logs, that floated near together. These were i6 feet long, and pointed at each end, so as to offer little resistance to the tidal current. Ihe chain was fastened to these logs by staples, and at each shore by huge blocks of wood and stone. Several of the great links of this chain are preserved at the Point. Reluctantly we must draw ourselves away from West Point, and allow our steamer to plough her way once more along the flowing current, and between the shady and overhanging cliffs which give so much character to the scene at this spot. A very few revolutions of the wheel will bring us between the Boterberg Mountain. on the western side, and the rock called Breakneck, onr the eastern bank, forming an imposing entrance to New- y^ ^''^' ^^"""^ '^'^^^^h a series of mountains, hills, and cliffs rise in succession, until they seem almost to shut out all remaining nature, and to give the idea that one is at the bottom of a large basin from which there Is no 18 All-Rowid Route and Panoramic Guide. possible exit. Crownest is the principal of these moun- tains, rising almost directly from the river bank to a height of nearly one thousand five hundred feet. As the side of this mountain is entirely covered with foliage, the view of it in the summer time is most beautiful, and only to be exceeded by the sight of it in the commencement of October, when the fall tints are in their richest and most luxuriant profusion. Soon after passing between the two rocks, we come to a small town called Cornwall, on the western shore. This is a place of very general re- sort in summer, and is much noted for its many pleasant drives and walks. Its nearness to the river, and to West Point, makes it a very favorite place for travellers to spend some few days, whilst many stay here a very much longer time during the warm weather. Between Cornwall and Newburg lies the once pros- perous, but now sadly decayed settlement of New- Windsor. It is now almost entirely a collection of small houses in great want of repair. On the shore, but higher above it on the plateau, one can discover several large farms with comfortable houses, giving the idea that if there is decay below, there is prosperity above. Leaving the tumble-down villa.Te either to be repaired, or to fall into still greater decay, we will approach the more flourishing town of Newburg, where 'the steamer stops for a few minutes to discharge some of its passen- gers, and to take up others, and we will employ these few minutes in viewing the substantial streets and houses of the town, which, by the by, we should have designated a city, seeing that it boasts of a mayor and corporation of its own. The first settlement at Newburg was made as (early as 1709 by some emigrants from the Palatinate; smcQ then, ^nglish, Irish, Welsh, Scotch, and Germans All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 19 riavefo lowed their example ; but of all these varied na- t,onaht,es the Scotch have, perhaps, done the most to- wards making the place what it is. Among the laree bu,ldmgs .s an extensive flannel factory, in which a very large number of hands are daily employed Exactly opposite NdWburg, is the more modest-look- Z ; "f °' ■:""''" '-^"'""S- '■™- -'ch place any traveller anxious to ascend the South Beacon hill' can do so w,th the assistance of any of the boy guides o be picked up ,n the streets of the village ; and l!t us tell f 20 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. I!) the traveller that he had better avail himself of our ad- vice, and take a guide, or before he reaches the top he may have repented of not having done so, as it is quite easy to lose oneself in the numerous gorges and ravines that are about the summit of the Beacon. As this is one of the highest mountains about here, the view from the top is most extensive, and interesting. Far up to the north the Catskill Mountains can be discerned, while to the east the Shawangunk hills are to be seen. South- wards, again, Boterberg and Breakneck, already seen, . guard the pass through which the river running at our feet finds its way down to the sea. But it is time that we should descend from our lofty position, and go on our way up the river. i A broad, rocky platform, jutt'ng out into the river, can- not fail to attract the traveller's attention. This is called the "Devil's Danskammer," or Dancing Chamber, and, down to a comparatively late date, was used by the In- dians as the scene of some of their religious ceremonies. For about the next five miles, we steam on through a pretty country, though without finding anything striking enough to draw attention, until we pass the little village of New Hamburg, lying at the mouth of Wappinger Creek, which is navigable for some distance up. The railroad crosses the Wappinger by a causeway and draw- bridge, and then pierces a promontory jutting out into the river, by a tunnel about eight hundred feet long. New Hamburg is a pretty little village, but nothing more. About a mile higher up, and on^he opposite side of the river, is another village called Hampton ; then comes Marlborough, two miles higher up still, with Barnegat nearly opposite, on the right hand side, and again Milton Landing two miles more on the left hand side. All.Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 21 As these villages lie mostly on the high banks of the river there is not much to be seen of them from the boat^^ but they act as outlets or ports to the country district's' lying behmd them; and, judging from the numerous comfortable-lookmg country-houses in their immediate neighborhood must be tolerably thriving As already stated, these villages are hardly in.portant enough to require mention, but we now approach a town of some twenty thousand inhabitants, rejoicing in th- peculiar name of Poughkeepsie. As we near this pomt we pass Locust Grove, the summer home of the ate Professor Morse of "telegraph fame." Pou^h- kerpsie IS nearly half-way between New York and Albany, being seventy-five miles from tlie former and about seventy from the capital of the State through which we are passing. This "rural city," as an Ameri- can writer has termed it, lies pleasantly upon its group of hills, and overlooks a bright river view. Byday th- smoke of its busy mills and factories, somewhat mars the scene, but as night draws on, these light up the river like beacons, and the sound of the ponderous machinery and roaring furnaces greets our ears and tells of the energy of the citizens. It was originally settled by the Dutch, towards the close of the seventeenth century and IS situated, like most of their river cities, at the mou'ch of a tributary .stream or creek. Tht village, as it was then has much extended, and now occupies the large open plain, about two hundred feet above the river The streets are broad, handsome, and well planted with trees, affording in summer grateful shelter from the piercing rays of the sun. Poughkeepsie is best known for the very excellent schools and colleges whirh it c-n^---- The Vassar Female College, which is one of the finest r 22 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. in the country, occupies a commanding position a short distance back of the city. Six miles above Poughkeepsie, after a sudden bend in the river, we come upon some rocky and precipitous banks. This used to be called by the original settlers " Krom Elleboge," but has since been Anglicised into " Crum Elbow." Quite close to this, only higher up the river, stands the village of Hyde Park, called after a former Governor of the State of New York, Sir Edward Hyde, who, we regret to say, did not leave a very satis- factory reputation behind him ; his tyrannical and un- principled conduct being well known to all who have studied the history of New York when under British rule. « Rhinebeck Landing lies about two miles away from the village of the same name, which was first settled by one William Beekman, a German, who came from the neighborhood of the Rhine, and called the place partly in honor of his birthplace and partly after himself. Immediately opposite Rhinebeck Landings across the river, is Kingston's Landing, a quiet little village, pleasant enough, but without any great activity apparent, though Kingston cement, which comes from here, is in much request. Between this and Hudson^ fifteen miles off, we come upon a number of large sub- stantially built, and handsome country-houses, with lawns of smooth turf stretching down towards the river, and an air of luxury, and wealth pervading the whole estates. Six miles above Rhinebeck is Barrytown, and four miles above Barrytown is Tivoli, each of them possess- ing a station on the railroad, though, like many of rlance at, small and he other villages we have gi All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 23 unpretentious, having, however, possibly a vast idea of their own importance, as a great deal of the farm and garden produce of these villages is sent up to supply the wants of Fifth Avenue, and other districts of the great city. Opposite Tivoli, on the Western bank of the river, stands a flourishing little village called Saugerties, at the mouth of the Esopus Creek. This little place boasts manufactories of iron, paper and white lead, and a fine flagstone quarry. Two miles from Saugerties, we pass Maiden, which lies backed by the Catskill Mountains, and about ten miles on we come to- the large village of Caiskill. Passengers from New York by railroad, who wish to. ascend the mountains must alight at Catskill Station, and cross by ferry to the village, and we sincerely re- commend our travellers to avail themselves of this trip. They will find plenty o^ omnibusses and stages to take them to the Mountain House, and the Clove, about twelve miles off. We shall not attempt to describe the scenery, which, at this point, must be seen to be appre- ciated. The Mountain House is built on a flat rock on the very edge of a precipice nearly 4,000 feet above the river ! The view from the piazza is truly wonderful. It IS of a most extensive character, embracing a regioi of about ten thousand square miles in extent, portions everi of Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut being, on a fine day, plainly visible, whilst at least sixty miles of the Hudson River can be seen shining like a broad silver belt at our feet. Besides the Mountain House, the Falls must be visited. "The most famous beauty of the region is the fall of the Kauterkill. On th^. high table-land of the South and North Mountains lie two lakes, buried in a dense 24 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. forest. A little brook, making its way from these lakes, westward along the shoujder of the Mountain, soon reaches the edge of a very deep declivity, over which it leaps into a deep pool in the centre of a great amphi- theatre of rock. ** Gathering its strength again, the torrent makes a second le?ip over huge boulders, which have fallen from the ledges above, and lie scattered down the glen, dash- ing itself into foam in its headlong fury. Tumbling from one ledge to another, it reaches at length the bottom of the glen, when, meeting the stream that flov/s from Maine's Fall, the mingled waters hurry down the stony pathway through the Cove, and out into the valley, until, swollen to a wide stream, they glide placid- ly into the Hudson at the village of Catskill. There is nothing more beautiful in American scenery than this Avater-fall as it leaps from the lofty height, and dashes into spray in the hollow basin below. The strata of which the mountain is formed lie piled upon one another iiorizontally, and through them the water has cut its ■way, smoothly like a knife. Some distance above the margin of the pool in which the fallen waters boil as in ,a cauldron, there is a stratum of soft stone which has broken up and crumbled in the dampness. Wearing away several yards deep into the cliff, it has left a path- way all around the Fall, from which you have a fine view, and often, when the stream above is swollen, through a veil of glittering drops dripping from the rocks above. Exquisite as is the effect of the whole Fall, when seen from the rocks at the foot of its second leap, this last point of view is even more striking. Standing on the narrow pathwav. vou look throuerh the erreat white veil of falling waters, leaping out over your head and sending All-Round Roule and Panoramic Guide. 26 up clouds of spray that float ofT down the gorge. Some- times, when the sun is shining brightly, a dancing rain- bow wUl keep pace with you as you creep around the semi-circle beneath the rock. Here, too, you get an en- chanting glimpse of the edges of the Clove, down which the stream goes headlong and can mark the wild figures of the pines that cling to the verge of the cliffs, and seem. with their black spears, to pierce the sky. " Upon the very edge of the precipice, close to the narrow channel through which the fall makes its plunge, there is a tree which has grown out from a crevice, and then upward until it juts out over the abyss. To' this solitary tree, the lad who acts as your guide points with his finger, and tells you of the adventurous young woman, who crept out to the rock, and clasping the slender trunk of the tree with her hands, swung her body far out over the Fall, and then, with a cry of triumph, back again in safety. " Beneath the second Fall the gorge is wild in the extreme. On both sides the mountains rise perpen- dicularly, clad with a dense forest, and, through the shade beneath, the torrent roars ceaselessly among the rocks." Five miles from the Catskill Station, on the eastern side of the river, we come to the large and handsomely- built city of Hudson, the chief town in Columbia county, one hundred and fifteen miles from New York, and thirty from Albany. The city is built on an emi^ nence above the river, like many of the other villages we have passed in our course. The streets are wide and well laid out, and altogether the place has an air of thrift and prosperity. The princioal street i« rall^H fh- P-- :menade, and laid out with trees and shrubs with excel- 26. All'Round Route ami Panoramic Guide, lent taste. One side is built with handsome houses, and the other is open to the river, and runs along the bank for nearly a mile. Any one anxious to pay a visit to the Shaker Village at Mount Lebanon, had better leave the boat here, and take the train which leaves for Chatham three times during the day, and there the traveller will con- nect with the Boston and Albany Railway, and after an hour's journey of twenty-three miles, will be landed at the Shaker Village itself. Space will not allow an ex- tended notice of this remarkable village ; suffice it to say that cleanliness, and all other cardinal virtues, reign paramount. Order, temperance, frugality and Shaker worship, are the things that strike one's senses on first arriving. Every one here is free. No soldiers,, no police, no judges live here, and among members of a society, in which every man stakes his ail, appeal to the Courts of Law is a thing unknown. Among a sect where celibacy is the first and principal code, it would seem as if such a society would of itself die a natural death ; but yearly many fresh converts to the sect are made, and not only among the old and those tired of this world's pomps and vanities, but from the young and healthy of both sexes. Happiness, peace and plenty are evident in all the villages of this most peculiar of all religious societies. Mr. Hepworth Dixon has written so fully about them in his interesting work, entitled " New America," that we should recommend the curious, or those who have visited any of their villages, to obtain the book and " read them up." We must go back to our steamer at Hudson, however, after this digression, and before leaving this interesting town may mention that the village opposite, which has All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 2T the high-sounding name of Athens given to it. (though for what reason, we know not,) can be reached by a small steam ferry. There is nothing, however, to reward the task of crossing, except, perhaps, in order to obtain a good view of Hudson ; but as this can be done quite as satisfac^ torily from the deck of our steamer, we presume our readers will not attempt the passage, but continue witii us for the next thirty miles of our trip to Albany. The lighthouse seen on the western side of the river on Four Mile Point, (that distance from Hudson) marks the head of navigation for ships. About a mile higher up, on the same side, is Coxsackie Village, the older portion of which is called Coxsackie street and lies on a large plain about a mile back from the river. New Baltimore and Coeyman's are two smaller settlements north of Coxsackie, with Schodack Landing imme- diately on the other side, whilst four miles higher up is Castleton. Here the well-known sand-bar, called the Overslaugh, is situated, a spot that has proved fatal to- more steamboats and other vessels than any known place on the continent. The country just around here is flat, though apparently well cultivated. Soon after leaving this village we approach a place, evidently of some im- portance as the river has a busier look, and the banks are more thickly dotted with houses, and after a few min- utes' delay, we see in the distance, the thickly built city of Albany, the Capital of the State, whilst the newly constructed railway bridge spans the river immediately opposite the city. Some of our tourists may desire to visit the celebrated and fashionable Saratoga Springs, whose summer scenes of gaiety and pleasure, and the medicinal qualities of the ' waters of its numerous Mineral Springs, have gained for 28 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. it a reputation almost unequalled. We shall, therefore, continue the duties oi cicerone, and pass with them to the depot of the Renselaer and Saratoga Railway. Taking- our seats in one of their elegant drawing-room cars, we speedily find ourselves entering the important City of Troy, 6 miles distant, and situated at the head of tide water. Immense ironworks are located in the southern part of the city, and the high reputation of its wares at- tracts a very extensive trade with all parts of the world. At West Troy is situated the Watervleit (U. S.) Arsenal, which contains many relics from Saratoga, Yorkton, and other historic battle fields. Troy boasts many 'fine churches, public buildings, and private mansions, and those who may desire to stay over for a day in order to view the surrounding scenery and visit the many sights, should locate themselves at the Troy House (B. F.' Stiles, proprietor) corner of Inrst and River streets, where excellent accommodation, gentlemanly clerks, and kind attention may always be relied upon. Leaving Troy, a short and most agreeable ride of 36 miles lands our tourists at Saratoga. SARATOGA. >HIS celebrated watering-place is a grand focus to which the fashionable world of the United States, and indeed of Europe, is annually drawn. As we pass from the train we find ourselves surrounded by crowds of pleasure-seekers who flock to meet the new arrivals. Here are intellectual men, stylish men, the beaux of society, and men of the world ; ladies of -social rank, the managing mother, the marriageable . daughter, the fluttering bee of fashion, and the g-ntler bird of beauty, are found amidst the throng, for Saratoga i r -frvTTT-r-rrT-TT^ =cx NOTICE TO OURuthorizec CO ^ ^ s ^ o^n^ 1=5 CO ^ UJ <) •* -jiJL JL y 0^ B R O A !■-> VA./ A O — P^ B R O ADWA ^ cua MAP S AR AHTOO A i^n/^mr^ ,\*:n9t; '*% NOTICE TO OUR PATRONS.- -All parties are cautioned against having any dealings credentials furnished them b^ CO 00 e •r T c O w .C/3 o w CO (—1 pq o OQ o 5 O o having any dealings with any but Is furnished them by us. I t .-I ^ o II § ^ S 3 5 "S -S on o g r» CO ■5 a s a 2i ^ MH jj S g § .S _ J3 (a -S « 2 .3 13 i :a « ^ » .S Oh o -a i -« S o a ^ * o «9 .2 our authorized Agents, who always have their proper C. R. CHISHOLM & CO. ^ o QQ fe S 2 © q a 0) © u M ^ f^ 5 S o Pi « § A 'S '2 § ^ fi ■- S .S tf !^ (/) » 2 § § •" 'S S '§ § O O o3 « ? a S 1 1*" OQ . 1^ O <0 V S S ^ ■u TJ = 03 o 03 3 B 03 a • i^ t> o ■u 1 £ 0) <«-:> 2 5 2 a ft O bo i^ D c <2 ^ t3o c ■ ^^ " cS oo §2" a; b > 09 t: lati eep g-^ 'S > •3 ^ 03 03 "D &W i < .2 O -H "^ n, ^ (/) s a 2^ ^6 ^ " GG 1 1 .2 4J « g s 61 p.: Hi count rs, Ini 3 2 ^ g *^ ii (>H o o CO I 5^ C3Q «• g CD o 13 ^ 3 o PC H O Eh .13 CQ ii'«^-i^!S^^^,^rr^^ei^i^i^Frf^^3^sait!£iK^i«;>^iiiu .^JC^ S^i/«ikM ^»M8 I Agents, who always have their proper C. R. CHISHOLM & CO. i E (D bo <2 ' > < 3DQ 09 o a o d eS « d « d ^ <.H 2 4° o " s B a o d ^ 3 3 0. eS 9 •5 EC ■ s. » 3 ■S d S S 2 £ .S PQ CD .JO c5 42 I a. I I « whole by a Fren* H T ,, '' '' ' ='°"'=^ '"§''. surmounted by a French roof with observatories at each end and in S c oTih K T,'"^' "^ ' ^'""■^'^ "'«" ^ *e rooms are each Ann' ^k' '° ''^' "'"' ^""^ ^oo feet long on each floor; and broad, comn,odious stairways, with an t° n 1:^r °' *' '""' """'P"- -nder'eVery por ^roundt \ ^^"'' '*'"' """■'^^"^ ""-ers within the fnTa ch? ' '''°'"™"^^ °" *^ '°P °f *e hotel afford- mctive TL"^;''"' ?"**"'^ *° ^^"^- '"e house at- tractive. The dinmg halls, parlors, &c., are superb and 30 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ample, and every thing about the house is on a scale of (unequalled magnificence and grandeur, while the pro- ■< la 09 GO M O SB O prietors, Messrs. Clements & Wilkinson, have endea- vored to provide every thing that can aflford comfort and All- Round Route aud Pauominic Guide. 31 pleasure. Our cut of the hotel serves to convey a general idea of its outward appearance, but fails to depict all its elegant outline. The weekly balls given are of the most brilliant nature, and the music is furnished by unrivalled orchestras. The Hathorn Spring is on the grounds of this hotel. The United States Hotel is a sui)erb establish- ment, equal in size and grandeur to any summer resort in the world. Its construction occupied two years. It contains 768 sleeping rooms, finished and furnished in the latest style, with gas, running water and other conveniences In addition there are 65 suites of rooms with bath-rooms attached. Its dining-room measures 2/2 by 50 feet, drawing-room 85 by 60 feet, ball-room 112 by 52 feet, ceilings from 11 to 26 feet in hei-ht The halls are broad and spacious. Two passenger ele- vators, of the most approved pattern touch each floor The broad piazzas measure 2.700 feet m length, and the house encloses three sides of a charming lawn and lounging ground, containing three acres tastefully laid out and completely shaded. The piazzas afford un- equalled facilities for promenading. The furniture was manufactured by the celebrated Boston House of Beal & Hooper, of Haymarket Square ; the silver came from the Taunton Silver Works ; the glass was made by the American Glass Company, of Cambridge ; the carpets from A. T. Stewart & Co., of New York ; the crockery from Tucker & Crawford, of Albany ; and the elevators are made by Otis & Bro. & Company of Boston The proprietors of this magnificent hotel are Messrs. Tom- kms. Gage & Co.. whose management of the new United btates Hotel is giving such universal satisfaction to guests from all parts of the globe, who annually visit 32 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. this world-renowned summer resort, and invariably make this model hotel their he-^dquarters. < o H < s- o D Vi M H < on a H U This house was the first to introduce tlic popular morning concerts which proved so successful and attrac- AUfRouHd Route and Panoramic Gnide. 33 live last season. When the house is in full operation the necessities of all departments demand the employment of five hundred s-rvants. Professor Stubb's magnificent full band from Ne. York, has been engaged, and there are nightly hops throughout the season. Its prices are not in advance of those of its cotem- poraries, and nothing is spared that can conduce to the comfort, welfare, and pleasure of all its guests The Grand UNION Hotel, is one of the great houses of Saratoga. It is 650 feet in length, and the immense extent of frontage is skilfully relieved by tlie arranee- ment of windows and entrances, and by the masste towers which rise in the centre and at each extremity It IS one of the largest hotels in the country, and accom' modates 1,200 guests comfortably. Within, is a court which IS beautifully shaded, and here a band plavs morning and evening. A vertical railway renders the SIX stories easy of access to guests. The public rooms are of prodigious size, and the office is most perfect m arrangement. This monster hotel has piazzas, in length over a mile ; halls, two miles ; ca pets, ,0 acr^ • number of rooms, 800; and possesses every conceivable comfort for guests, interpreters being always on hand to receive orders, and impart information to foreign guests I'n /,": "^"^^"'"?"^- Since closing the Grand Union ■n 1873 upwards of one hundred thousand dollars have been expended in decorating and re-furnishing, and .t stands without any rival for comfort, ventilation and grounds Its tables are always loaded with everything the market affords, and nothing that time, money or care can procure, will be left undone to sustain the Uhed of" t ' ''' """"' ^"'°" ""^^ ^'-^dy estab- hshed of offering to its patrons all the comforts of 1 34) Ml-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. a literal palace. This house will be under the able management of Mr. Henry Clair, who is a veteran in the notel business, and one who knows how to make guests comfortable when they visit Saratoga. All-RoHud Route ami Pmwramk Guide. 35 Dr. Stron(;'s RE,\ricDiAL Institute This excellent institutio,, is .sit.iated on ' Circular street the most beautiful avenue in Saratoga, o.'lj 1 t:\^^2. ''' '"^'' "°'^"-"^ °- ^'-^ f- It is one of the best conducted institutions for the treatment of all k.nds of Nervous, Lun,. Female Z Chronic Diseases. It is fitting that Saratoga, a place where so many congregate in the summer for recrea^C rest and recuperation of health by the use of the mineral DR. STRONC'S RKMEBIAL INSTITUTE ™ters, should be supplied with an institution under ab^ management, where medical advice can be obt ined tt/ r P"""^" ■'""' ^""fi'-™^d cases of disease treated under constant and able nodical supervLon \ 36 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Such is Dr. Strong's Remedial Institute. But it is always conducted in summer with special reference to the accommodation of summer boarders, and enjoys a most excellent reputation for its superior advantages as a summer resort. The table is excellent, and the rooms are large, well ventilated, and kept with especial re- ference to comfort and luxury as well as to health. In summer no one would suppose it to be a medical msti- tute from its appearance, and yet there may be enjoyed the most luxurious baths and means of physical exer- cise which every summer resort should supply, but which so few, even of the hotels and boarding-houses in Saratoga, afford within their doors. Being removed from th'e bustle and contusion of the large Hotels, it affords a delightful retreat for persons of impaired health. The cathartic, tonic, diuretic and alterative springs-as ef?icient in winter as in summer- with the dry, uniform and tonic climate, brings invalids here at all seasons of the year. The advantages of a well-regulated Hygienic Institution, with such remedial appliances for the treatment of special cases in the hands of regularly-educated physicians, are to be found here. It possesses abundant means of recreation and enter- tainment, organs, pianos, gymnasium, etc., to suit the taste and pleasure of its choice patrons. The elegance and convenience of the Bath Depart- ment is unsurpassed in this country. The buildings are heated by steam, so that the temperature throughout the house is moderated to a healthy uniformity, and in win- ter is brought to the condition of a summer climate. Circulars giving a full description of the institution, its remedial agents and rare appliances, its remarkable suc- cess in the treatment of Nervous, Lung, Female and AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 37 Chronic Diseases, with distinguished references, terms, etc., will be furnished by the proprietors on application.' Besides these, there are many smaller hotels which are well kept. Having made our choice, we sally forth to see the sights, and at once decide that Saratoga is a very plea- sant and pretty village. We find its streets wide, and well shaded with trees, while on either hand rise lofty and elegant structures. But our steps are directed towards the " Springs," and as we visit, in turn, those wonderful outflows from the bosom of mother earth, we are inform- ed that, for their improvement and utilization, hundreds of thousands of dollars have been expended, and that at the present moment, Saratoga contributes of its healing waters "to almost every portion of the habitable globe." The waters which flow from these natural curiosities are known as "chalybeate and acidulous saline." This division arises from the relative proportions of their par- ticles, the constituent ones being carbonate of soda, chlo- ride of sodium, ca-bonate of magnesia, hydriodate of soda, silica and alumina, carbonic acid gas, with occa- sionally traces of iodine and potassa. According to the proportions of these found in each spring, so is the name given. Congress Spring, the most important, was discovered m 1792, by three gentlemen, who were hunting in the neighboring w ods. It takes its name out of compli- ment, first, to one of the discoverers who was a member of Congress, and secondly for the superior strength of its waters, which were first bottled as an article of merchan- dise in 1823. A few rods south-west on the same grounds 1.3 the Columbia Spring, which contains more iron than the Congress, and occupies a very conspicuous place 38 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. among the tonic waters. The first spring tubed in Sara- toga, but almost the last prepared as an article of com- merce, is the Washington Spring. It was tubed in i8o6» Near this there was formerly a fish pond containing large numbers of trout. The Crystal Spring was opened in 1870. The Hamilton Spring is about 30 rods north of All-Round Route and Panoramic Guiae, 39 Congress, and a little furtlier north is the Hathorn Spring, accidentally discovered while preparing the foun- dations of the Congress Hall Block. Putnam and Ellis Springs are chalybeate water, and the former has a large bathing establishment connected therewith. Pavillion Spring, before it was tubed and prepared, lay in a deep morass, and rose through a deposit of alluvial soil over 40 feet deep. The remaining springs are the Flat Rock, United States, the Star, formerly called the Iodine, and known for more than 50 years, the Seltzer, the Empire, which discharges about 75 gallons per hour, the Red Spring, so called from the color of its water when agitated, the Excelsior, Eureka and White Sulphur. The Excelsior Spring is about ow^ mile cast of the Passenger Depot at Saratoga Springs, situated in a beautiful valley, skirted on one side by a large and picturesque piece of woods, and is one of the most delightful spots to visit at Saratoga. It has been appre- ciated for its valuable qualities by some of the oldest visitors of Saratoga for at least half a century. Among the most interesting of the springs are the High Rock, and the Geyser. The former is truly a wonderful for- mation, the rock having been formed by the deposits from the waters which flow from the spring. Some years ago the owners of the spring removed the rock, and found below it, a chamber about two feet in diame- ter, and ten feet deep, in which lay the body of a tree 18 inches in diameter, and in a perfect state of preserva- tion, while several feet underneath was the trunk of an oak tree which had suffered but little decay. The High Rock Spring was visited by Sir VVm. Johnson in 1767. He was then residing in Johnson Hall, in Fulton county, about 30 miles from Saratoga. It is 40 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. said that he was the first white man who ever visited the springs, and the first civilized person who used their waters medicinally. He was carried thither on a litter, by Indians, and, after a sta> of a few weeks, left his bed All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 41 and returned home on foot. Our illustration represents this eventful visit. The Geyser or Spouting Spring, is situated about a mile and a half from the village. It was discovered in 1870. Appearances of a spring in the vicinity lea to the sinking of a shaft through solid rock 140 feet deep, when the waters burst forth and spouted a considerable distance from the surface. The water is exceedingly cold, being only 14 degrees above the freezing point. lit ! 42 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. In 1872 the Glacier Spring was discovered near the Geyser, and, like it, is also a Spouting Spring. THP: CHy\MI'ION SCOUTING SPRING. Among the new features of attraction to the thousands of people who visit Saratoga, is the " Champion Spout- ing Spring," which is most justly considered the Wonder among the Springs of this far-famed Summer resort and Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 43 watering-place. It was discovered in August 1871 and IS situated on Ballston Avenue, about one^n I'e fro. the principal hotels of the village THE CHAMPION SPOUTIKO SPKING, After a careful observation of the surface of the ground, tlie indications were such as to invite a deeper \ u All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. search, which it was hoped would reveal a hitherto unknown Fountain of HeaHng. The work of boring was commenced and continued at a large expenditure of money, until the depth of 300 feet was reached, passing through slate rock, limestone and magnesiam lime, beneath which was found an opening of six inches in depth, in which the mineral water runs, and which is believed to be the main channel or fountain head of all the mineral waters of Saratoga. On reaching this cavity the water burst forth with great force, throwing a column six and one half inches in diameter to the height of twenty-five feet above the orifice. The Spring was then carefully and securely tubed and cemented, that! it might be protected agdinst any impurity from fresh or surface water. The tube being two inches in diameter is carried ten feet above the surface, on the top of which is attached a tapering tube with a quarter inch opening, through whJch the water continually spouts to the height of 30 to 35 feet. By removing the small tube, a column of foam- ing and sparkling water is permitted to escape with much greater force, being thrown into the air to the height of 80 to 100 feet, and every afternoon at five o'clock during the summer, a large company gather to witness this fine display. The engraving indicates the general appearance of the Spring day and night throughout the year Thfe surroundings are being beautified, and will offer the attractions of the older Springs. Prof. C. F. Chandler, of the Columbia College School of Mines, one of the best analytical chemists in the coun- try, visited this Spring shortly after its discovery, and from analyses, made from the water taken by him at the Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 45- time, it exhibits a combination of medicinal qualities not found in so rich a proportion in any other Spring. The Champion Spouting Spring water contains a larger amount of carbonic acid gas than any other Spring, and holds the heavy and valuable minerals embraced 'm its composition in perfect solution, thus rendering it im- pervious to the effects of age or climate. Its remarkable cure of some of the prevailing diseases has given this Spring great favor with professional men and others, whose occupations are sedentary. It has been found an invaluable remedy in the treat- ment of cutaneous diseases, scrofula of every type, liver complaint, dyspepsia, bilious complaints, acidity of the stomach, nausea, rheumatism and neuralgia. It is a most excellentpreventative of fevers and bilious disorders, so common in the malarial districts of our country ; and it is a well-known fact that distinguished physicians have strongly advised the use of natural mineral water in such districts, for drinking purposes as far as possible, in place of the local fresh water. Ov/ing to the large amount of lithie, magnesia and bi-carbonate of lime it contains, it is highly commended ; also, for Bright's disease of the kidneys and all diseases of the bladder. We have now shown the tourist and explained to him the nature of the wonders which annually attract such immense throngs to Saratoga, increasing as " the season" reaches its height, until the village from a regular popu- lation of about 9,000 has within its boundaries over 30,000. During the height of the season, the hotel arrivals fre- quently number 1,000 daily. Life in Saratoga is two-fold— Home and Hotel. The former is enjoyed by the residents of the village ; whose 46 All- Round Route oud Panonw Guide, refined ind elegant ht.mes are not to be excelled in any city of the United States. I[otel or f'shionable life is ephemeral in its nature; and, like the 'beauteous butterfly, its duration is but fur a short season. In those few brief montiis, wealth, beauty, fashion, antl other ingredients not so desirable, interminable, and amid the gay whirl and excitement of the ball-room at night, visi' to the Spring \w the morning, and i)romenades or drives in the afternoon, is found the laily programme of the pleasure- seeders. Among the out-door diversions, is a jaunt to Saratoga Lake, 6 miles distant, reached by a beautiful road ICX3 feet wide, and divided in the centre by a row of tree.s, carriages going up one side, and returning down the other. Visits to the Indian camp, to the battle grounds of Saratoga and Stillwater, .ire also pleasant features. Willing though we may be to linger amidst these pleasant scenes we are compelled to continue our journey. But before returning to Albany we would, for the bencht of those who purpose visiting Lake George and its surroundings, say that at a distance of i6 miles beyond Saratoga is I'ort Edward Station, where a branch line runs up to the picturesque village of Glen Falls. LAKE GEORGE. ^|HE route from Glen Falls to Lake "George is by stage, over a fuie plank road, and passes through most beautiful scenery. The lake, -^,6 miles long, has an elevation of 320 feet above the sea. It is one of the finest sheets of water in the world— beautiful and romantic, dotted over with verdant isles, and on its shores are built many elegant villas. This lake was the scene of many thrilling events during the early Indian wars, and those of 1775. On either end of the lake are situated All- Round Route and Pauoramic Guide. 47 iiVj* J IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) i.O I.I 1.25 £ IS 112.0 1118 1.4 % /] 'V.y .•&. '*» Photographic Sciences CorporatioR ?3 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4S03 * ^

to 'C 48 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Fort William Henry and Ticonderoga. Near the ruins of Fort William Henry stands the Fort William Henry Hotel, a spacious and beautiful house containing accom- modation for over 900 guests ; the grounds are laid out with great elegance and a fine view of the southern end of the lake is obtained therefrom. A broad promenade, said to be the finest on the continent, runs the whole length of the house, and the interior is fitted up regard- less of expense. The furniture and all the appurten- ances are of the finest description, and every convenience or luxury is here supplied. The Hotel is owned by Messrs. T. Roessle & Son, whose names are familiar with the travelling public, not only in connection with this house, but also of the Delavan House, Albany, for 20 years, and the Arlington at Washington, D.C. All fruits and vegetables are supplied from Mr. T. Roessle's farm near Albany. Directly in front of the portico of the Hotel i« an elegant Pagoda, where a fine band sends forth sweet strains to welcome the arrival of the boats, and also enlivens the dinner-hour. From the Battery on the Fortification is given the number of arrivals by each steamer. In connection with the Hotel are ten-pin alleys, shooting galleries, croquet, billiards, &c. The ruins of Fort George lie to the east of the Hotel. All that now remains of this "relic of heroic deeds " are the ruins of the rectangular citadel that stood within the fortifications. A walk leads from the Hotel, around the foot of Rattlesnake Hill and upward to its summit, from whence a fine view can be obtained. A fine livery is kept for the purpose of enjoying the many delightful drives in the vicinity, and specially constructed convey- ances have been secured for the purpose of ascending to Prospect Mountain House. The view from this point is AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 49 unsurpassed. Within view are five lakes with rK plain, over 100 miles distant th. r f.' ^''^'"- Adirondacks th^ ratst n t. xf'f " Mountains, the Crane M^ 1 '-^tskills, the Hudson river, with the V^rane xMountains to the south-west A fin ! me nnest watering-place in the world. BURLIHQTOIf. (Yt.) |IES on the east shore of Burlington Bav ^n^ ^upies a gentle declivity descel^ding^LTd^ ^^^^^ . /^^^' ^-"^-ated by the lake, which up to th^! point quite narrow, here exmnH^ ; . ". ^ ^^^ mont to the New York shore. Standng o„ th« IL'; dechvity, say a mile from the lake »„^ o various points in this ten miles of lake tCJ.^ 7 J between these "shining shoes"RJ! ''''''' °"' Adirondack Mountains "of New York "aTl IZ '" "^ orT™:„?:;^d' ■ "^^'"^^ tiTu'jai:: onrrTeiit^^rreXtr'ir/'''^^^^"*^'"- -e.ri.esr^---— ^^^^^^ mrff tfO A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. of Burlington. Mallett's Bay, a beautiful sheet of water, full of excellent fish, is only six miles distant and is reached by a road that gives you a general view of the Winooski River flowing through a stretch of charming country ; while the drive along the lake shore in Shel- burne is equally attractive. Strangers should not fail to drive through the elegant grounds of Col. Le Grand B. Cannon, as from this commanding eminence can be gained the most perfect outlook in the city. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 61 Among the other points of interest is Green Mount Cemetery, where lies buried Ethan Allen, " The Hero of Ti— /'whosegraveis marked with a handsome monument Lake View Cemetery, " Rock Point," the beautiful resi- dence of the late Bishop Hopkins of the Episcopal Church, and the " High Bridge " on the Winooski are also well worthy a visit, as all these points are approached by pleasant drives. The Van Ness House, being the only house in the <:rty built expressely for a hotel, contains one hundred commodious and well ventilated sleeping-rooms with private parlors and other modern conveniences, having Railroad and Telegraph offices in the house, also bath rooms. The house is the largest in Bur)' ,jton, and ranks as one of the most convenient and thoroughly appointed Houses in New England. A spacious promenade upon the roof is one of the great attractions of the House. The view from this elevation is remarkably extended, rich, and charming in all its varied features. The city, and its environs, its numerous manufactories, its immense lumber interests, the Green Mountains, the Lake, the Adirondack.., combine to form an inimitable picture. Attached to the Hotel is a large farm, from which the table is supplied twice each day with fresh milk, cream, vegetables, &c. A fine Livery is connected with'the House, and teams and drivers thoroughly acquainted with all points of interest to the tourist, in the vicinity, are furnished promptly. Queen City Park and Pic-nic Grounds This Jelightful spot is situated on the shores of the beautiful Shelburne Bay, about two miles from Burling- ton, on the Rutland division of the Central Vermont ^ Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Mi Railroad. The entrance to the Park is alongside the main line of the Rutland road, where a platform 516 feqt in length by 12 in width is built, for the accommodation- of the train-loads of pleasure-seekers who crowd to this delightful place. Inside the entrance diverging paths take one by circuitous or direct routes to the centre of the grove, which is a plateau about seventy-five feet above, and directly overlooking Shelburne Bay and Harbor. In the centre of the plateau, an open space of about four acres, are numerous Croquet grounds, with croquet-sets /r^^ for use of excursionists. At the rear of the base-ball ground is a handsome pavilion, 50 x 30 ,'. and adjoining this a neat kitchen and store-room, 40 x 20, The kitchen is supplied wjth every thing requisite in the way of cooking utensils, for the free use of parties occu- pying the ground. Tables are provided for the pavilion,, where lunches and dinners can be served. For the con- venience of the kitchen, water is forced from the lake by an hydraulic ram. Ice-water in ample quantities is sup- plied to all. The pavilion also affords an excellent opportunity for " tripping the light fantastic." The view from the pavilion is one of unequalled beauty and grandeur. At the foot of the bluff on which the pavilion stands is the beautiful land-locked bay, with scarcely a ripple on its glistening surface ; while ' beyond, past Shelburne Point, can be seen the white-capped waves of the broad Lake Champlain. Across the bay is the shipyard and Shelburne harbor ; and back of these, and seemingly close at hand, stretching away on either side,, the rugged peaks of the majestic Adirondacks tower toward the sky ; while on the opposite side of the plateau the Camel's Hump and Mount Mansfield, the pride of Vermont, rear their lofty heads, the whole forming a view AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. H ^hich cannot be excelled. Close by the paviliou is a liandsome band-stand, eighteen . feet in diameter, and provided with chairs. Shadowing the pavilion, and extending out toward ^^rr^ ""!" *^^ ^*"^' ^' ^ ^^'^^ S^°^^' s° thoroughly shaded by the thick tree-tops that scarcely a bit of sky can be seen above them. In this grove are a large num- ber of rustic seats, "just large enough for two:" also tables surrounded by seats for a family-circle Here are also a large number of rope and patent box swings. The undergrowth in this grove has been all cleared off and the ground swept as clean as the tidy housewife's kiJchen floor. In the open circle a fountain supplied by water forced by a steam-engine from the shore of the bay' showers its cool, refreshing drops, which the sunlight transform mto beautiful rainbow colors. Froni the plateau a number of paths descend to the sandy beach, a most important feature of the grounds This beach is over a mile in length, and thirty feet in width and, being perfectly dry, affords a delightful pro- menade. ** At one end of the beach is a fine bathing-house with ample accommodations. The bottom of the lake here IS smooth, hard sand, entirely free from stone ; and, the water bemg shallow,_not exceeding five feet in depth at five hundred feet from the shore-the place is well adapted to this pleasant and exhilarating exercise Bathmg-su.ts can be had at the bathing-house from a' reliable person in charge. The lake view is said by artists to present, to the eye Vermont.""" "' ''"'' °"^ °' '"^ «"^»' ™- '" Hoating, being a most important and prominent :U '", ^ 54 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. feature of picnics and excursions has been fully re- cognized ; and the steamboat companies of Burlington have made liberal arrangements for those desiring boats, the list including row and sail boats, yachts and small steam-tugs, which will be let at a nominal sum per hour. A fine dock, a hundred feet long by ten feet in width, is completed for the accommodation of the large boats and tugs. Arrangements have been made, under the supervision of D. C. Linsley, Esq., with different steamboat com- panies, for a ride down the " Point " on the " Herald," or " the Mariquita," from the dock to Central Wharf, Bur- lington, for fifteen cents each way, tickets for which can be obtained at an office pn the picnic grounds. The steamer " Julia " can be chartered by parties at very reasonable rates to make such trips as they may desire. A number of new croquet grounds have been laid out in the shade. A Telegraph Office has been built on the park, with wires direct to ail points, and an operator in attendance. An Ice-house, filled during the past winter^ ensures cool, refreshing water. The managers of the Central Vermont Railroad run special trains during the summer both for Sabbath schools and the general public, each excursion being distinct ; those for the Sunday-schools bemg e:iclusively for Sunday-school scholars, teachers, and friends. These trains are run so as to accommodate all, and are managed with that care which forms a prominent characteristic of the road. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 55 ST. ALBANS. >H£ Welden House is situated in the pleasant vil- lage of St. Albans, on the Central Vermont Rail- road It IS a very cheerful, agreeable and comfortable House, admirably arranged for families, with suites of room of two or more The location offers ail the benefits of the Mountain air, combined with the cool and refreshing winds from Lake Champlain. The panoramic views from St. Albans are among the finest r W^T'" Mountains. Aldis Hill, one-half mile from the Welden House; the summit of Bellevue, accessible i6 A II' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. \ by an easy carriage road, is within two miles of the Hotel, commanding on the east a view of Mount Mans- field and Jay ; on the West a magnificent view of the Adirondacks, mountains, hills and plains, adorned with lovely farms and villages; also a fine view of Lake Champlain, broken with islands. In addition to the above are the wonderful mineral waters of Missisquoi, Sheldon, Highgate and Alburgh Springs. We would also here call the attention of tourists going through to Montreal, to the Franklin House and Cot- TUE FKANKLIN HOUSE AND COTTAGES. tages, at Highgate Springs, in Franklin county, in the north-west corner of Vermont, 12 miles north of St Albans, WHERE FISHING, DUCK SHOOTING, BOATING AND * YACHTING ARE FOUND. About ten minutes walk westerly from the Franklin House is a wharf, warehouse and steamboat dock, on what is called Missisquoi Bay, a part of Lake Champlain, a id quite a lake of itself, being eight or ten miles across, All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Vt and some forty miles around. Plenty of row-boats are kept here for guests and visitors. In the waters of this Bay IS the best pickerel, pike and black bass fishing to deste"d ^"^'^*'^'^' ^"^ ^' ^"*^ ^"^^ «h°ot»"g as can be The Franklin House and its five Cottages are situated amid beautiful shade trees, and by the edge of a spaci- ous grove of several acres. The bluffs overlooking the Bay are also covered with groves and stately trees, altogether forming a ramble of some two miles in circuit, and affording picturesque walks, vistas and scenes, while m the adjacent hills and spurs of the Green Mountains drives^ ^""^ ^^'^' ^'^ ^""""^ ""^"^^ ^""^ delightful With all the appointments and surroundings of the place the medium rates of charges, and the means and facihties for taking care of guests, we feel safe in urging tourists and families, seeking Summer Homes, to call and try the Franklin House and its varied comforts and We now return to Albany, whence we diverged, and proceed to take our tourists to Montreal by the round- about, but interesting route via Niagara. ALBANY. JLBANY is the capital of the State of New York ^ and was first settled in 1612. It contains many buildings well worthy of notice, and the new State l^apito is a magnificent structure. The view from the Capitol IS very fine, as the whole of the city, and a large tract of the surrounding country can be seen from this emmence. Those of our travellers who wish to take things easily v;il] find themselves very comfortably put All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 11 !: Aii-Rautid Route and Panoramic Guide. 5^ up at the " Delavan House," one ot the best houses in the State. They can then take the train on the New York Central Railway, for Utica, en route to TRENTON FALLS. p these Falls lie only about seventeen miles off the J line of railway, with a branch railroad right up •^« to them, they ought not to be passed without a visit. We will, therefore, take our seats in the cars at Albany, by the morning train, change at Utica, and either hire a conveyance there to take us on, or get into the cars which connect with this train, and bring us to the Trenton Falls Station a little after noon. The river forming the Trenton Falls is called the West Canada Ctcek, but as this name is not euphonious, the Falls have been named after the town or parish in which they are situated. There is no one special cataract at Tren- ton which in itself is pre-eminently grand or beautiful. It is more the position, form and rapidity of the river which give the charm, and make it considered by many as one of the most picturesque and lovely spots on the continent. The stream descends 123 feet in two miles by a series of falls of great beauty. As the usual pas- sage for tourists is along the bed of the river itself, it can be understood that to see these falls aright there must not be too much water. The end of July, or the com- mencement of August, is the time to see them in their beauty. In order to justify their name, there are twoactuai waterfalls here, which are within a few hours' journey from Niagara, or seen after that mightiest of all catar- acts, would appear as trifles, but when taken on one's way to the Falls, and viewed in connection with the sur- rounding scenery, are well worthy of the visit we propose 60 All-Rouftd Route and Panoramic Guide. Silf to make. The banks of the river are thickly wooded on each side, with broken clefts here and there, through which the colors of the foliage show themselves, and straggling boughs and rough roots break through the high rocks, and add to the wiidness and charm of the scene. The tourist should not leave without visiting the ■** Lover's Walk," a beautiful avenue of hemlocks, near the hotel. Bridal parties who go to Niagara, generally make Trenton one of the stopping-places on their "wedding tour. Could these fine old trees, which line the walk, sptak forth and proclaim the scenes v/hich have been witnessed benealh their shade the tale would re- call to many a personal and pleasing experience. The shadowy walk is certainly well adapted to the tender mood in which lovers are so prone to indulge. A comfortable hotel is situated in the village, where travellers can get all their wants supplied, and then take the cars back to Utica, where they can again join the New York Central line, and proceed via Rome, Syra- cuse, Rochester and Lockport, on their way to Niagara. As we presume that this journey will be made with- out any stoppages, we shall skip all these places, and' Hierely say that they are the ordinary specimens of American towns, Iiavrng broad str'^ets, avenues of trees, large stores, and excellent houses with an air of pros- perity about the whole of them. To all those who desire to travel from New York to Elmira, Watkin's Glen, Seneca Lake, Buffalo or Nia- gara Falls, via the ever popular New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway, whose entire equipment is not stir- passed by any line of travel in the zvorld. We can in Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 61 both for the elegant and sumptuous Drawing-room and Sleeping coaches, with which it is well provided, as we-lJ as the grand and picturesque scenery through which the New Y -rk, Lake Erie & Western Railway passes. The above railway is one of the greatest triumphs of engineering skill in this or any other country, and affords some of the grandest and most varied scenery to- be found in America. Previous to its construction, portions of the line were considered impassable to any other than a winged creature, yet moimtains were scaled or pierced, and riv^r canons passed, by blasting a path from the face of stupendous precipices ; gorges of fear- ful depth were spanned by bridges swung into the air, and broad, deep valleys crossed by massive viaducts. This favorite line was begun in 1836 and completed in' 185 1, and has cost to date upward of $6o,ooo,ooq. Splendid Palace, Drawing-room and Sleeping cars are attached to all the through trains east or west. Many of the attractive points of interest to be seen along the line of the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway are each of sufficient beauty to repay the tourist for the journey over the whole line. The beautiful valley of the Delaware, the gorgeous Susquehanna, and the wonderful and charming Wyoming valley, all present a picture to the tourist of unrivalled interest. Portage, on the direct line to Buffalo and Niagara Falls, is celebrated for its Wooden Trestle Bridge, the largest structure of the kind in the world, being 800 feet long by 234 feet in height sustamed by 13 stone piers spanning the Genesee River' Its cost was over $175,000. Some conception of ;its magnitude may be formed when it is known that in its construction 1,600,000 feet of timber, and 106,820 lbs of iron were used, and the design and architecture are such i «2 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. jiti that, while undergoing repairs, any portion of it may be removed, without weakening the structure or retarding or interfering with the progress of trains. It is here also that the Genesee River enters a grand rocky defile, presenting, as far as the eye can reach, a succession of wild and varied scenery. The Upper Falls — ^just below the Bridge — have a descent of 68 feet, making the distance from the top of the Bridge to the bottom of the Falls 302 feet. At the Middle Falls one quarter of a mile beyond — the water dashes in an unbroken sheet into a chasm 1 10 feet in depth, bounded on either side by perpendicular ledges. The action of the water has formed a hollow in the rock known as the Devil's Oven. The LoWer Falls are a mile and a half from the Bridge, and it is here the scenery is most sublime. At this point the river, after a precipitous course of nearly one-fourth of a mile, descends 20 feet, and striking the base of Sugar Loaf Rock, which rises 100 feet from the bed of the river, turns at a right angle and falls into a deep pool. The rapidity of the water at this point, and the great height of the rocky bluffs which skirt the river, lend enchantment to the scene. To quote from an eminent author : " If the Portage or Genesee Falls were in Yosemite Valley, or among the Alps, instead of twelve hours from New York, they would be visited and p^'nted and photographed, and written of a great deal more." At Portage Bridge there is a fine hotel, capacious, and furnished throughout in modern style. At Elmira, 273 miles west from New York, passen- gers for Watkin's Glen and Seneca Ldk;^, will change /*arc «rli#»rp» ¥\\t^\T xirJll finH f^A liriAKr fkettt\r>r\ckA Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 63 the Northern Central Railway in readinesss to convey them to Watkin's, only 22 miles distant. Watkin's Glen is situated about half a mile from the head of the beautiful Seneca Lake, in the county of Schuyler, in the midst of beautiful scenery. The lake close to which it is situated is one of the most beautiful sheets of water in America or in the world. It is forty miles in length, and has an average width of two miles. At the lower or northern end the shores recede gradually from the water, and the country on all sides seems a garden dotted everywhere with fine buildings, and presenting all the appearance of wealth. At the upper or southern end the banks are less gradual in their incline, and in a few places wooded cliffs rise directly from the water. The lake presents, in fact, almost every variety of scenery. Steamboats ply at frequent intervals, landing at many places on the shores, and at the different stopping-places boats and every facility for fishing may be had. The glen, which for the last few years has been re- sorted to by great numbers of visitors, is about half a mile from the steamboat landing and the railway sta- tion. It is a deep and rocky ravine between two hills which are clothed with foliage, the tops of the trees frequently meeting at the top of the deep gorge. A small stream runs through it, forming frequent water- falls, and adding a great charm to the place. The length of the glen is about two miles, and everywhere good paths and secure railings have been arranged so that one may visit every part without danger. The dif- ferent points worthy of note are as follows : Passing the ~- "■ "xxi^juitiicatic iiiiu asccnamg me lirst stairs, wc \ il. h ! 1^' HI , , 64 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. see the Entrance Cascade, 60 ft. in height. From thq first bridge, called Sentry Bridge, we have a view east- ward over the wide valley at the head of the lake and of the wboded heights beyond; and westward, up the glen, of the high cliffs which bound it at the sides; Passing along a path overlooking Stillwater Gorge, we soon see the Minnehaha Cascade. This part of the gorge is called Glen Alpha. We now cross and recross the gorge, pass the Labyrinth and ascend the Long Staircase, 50 feet high, and see before us Cavern Cas- cade, with a fall of 40 feet. One may enter the Grotto behind the cascade. Pursuing our way we enter at the head of the Long Staircase, Glen Obscura, and follow the path to Point Look Off. From this spot we look back into Glen Alpha, and above, in the oppo- site direction, we see the Glen Mountain House, 100 ft above us. The hotel has two buildings ; one occupied for sleeping apartments, parlours, &c., and the other, across the glen, used as a dining-room. The two are connected by a handsome suspension bridge. Close to the hotel is the Art Gallery (entrance fee, 25 cents), passing whxh we soon see th^ Mystic Gorge oi Glen Obscura. We now descend to the bridge which crosses the Sylvan Rapids and enter Glen Caihedfal, the rocky sides of which are 300 ft. high. The length of this glen is 300 yards. In the centre is the beautiful Pool of the Nymphs. In what is called the Chancel is Central Cas- cade, falling 50 ft. into a deep pool. Mounting the grand staircase we enter the Glen of the Pools. The scenery of this part of the glen is very beautiful, the view from the bridge, crossed soon after entering the Glen of the Pools, has received the appellation of Matchless AlU Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 65 Scene We soon enter the Giant's Gorge and see TripU Cascade and Rainbow Falls, the former being made by tfie falhng of the brook from Glen Difficulty, the other by a small stream from the south falling over th- rocks into the glen. We ascend Platform Stairs and enter Wen Difficulty, pass Shadow Gorge, cross another bridge, and, traversing the Narrow Path to the end of Glen Difficulty, see Pluto Falls. Another stairs leads to GUn Arcadia, which is crossed to Arcadian Falls There are other glens and waterfalls above this point easily visited, but of no especial interest. The beauties of this remarkable gorge and of the sur- rounding region have been much discussed during the last few years, and great numbers of summer visitors throng the excellent hotels in the vicinity. Grace Greenwood says of the Glen : " It is a marvel- lous rift in the mountain, which it seems must have been made by some stupendous earthquake shock. It sug- gests Vaucluse in the pellucid clearness and sparkle of the water. It faintly suggests the sombre, magnificent Pass of the Finstermunz, in the Tyrol, but is infinitely brighter and more varied. It suggests Trenton Falls but IS wilder and deeper. Most of all, it suggests Bash- iiish, in old Berkshire,— is indeed very like it, but ir yet more picturesque and perilous." Bayard Taylor says of it : " In all my travels I have never met with scenery more beautiful and romantic than that embraced in this wonderful glen ; and the most re- markable thing of all is, that so much magnificence and grandeur should be found in a region ^vhere there are no ranges of mountains." ^,. „ on^ wx aaiurcs reservoirs of eternal cool - 6 66 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ness. In its shadowy recesses, beside its emerald waters, you forget even the fierce heat of July and August] hundreds of feet above you. But it is seen in its utmost beauty in October, when the wild gorge, with its won- derful variety of delicate foliage, is trimmed with the most gorgeous colors. HAVANA GLEN. jAVANA Glen is located near the People's College Building, (now known as the Cook Academy,) in the eastern part of the village of Havana, one mile east of the Northern Central depot, and three and a half miles from Watkin's Glen. Its course is nearly east and west, the ascent being towards the east, as it is on that side of the valley. It differs veiV materially from the Watkin's Glen in the details of its scenery, and yet, in generalities, is almost a counterpart of its scenic sister on the west side of Seneca valley. In approaching it you pass through a vast and beau- tiful amphifheatre of thirty or forty acres, filled with groves and cosy picnic grounds ; and many of the gorges and cascades are fully equal to— and several of them superior— to the finest found in Watkin's Glen. It is not so long as Watkin's Glen ; but its views are full of start- ling and absorbing interest, and its pools, Instead of be- ing oval or round like those at Watkin's, are as square as if hewn by human agency, out of the stratified rock. Its forests, foliage and general flora, including the mosses, lichens and ferns, are much like those of Watkin's Glen —they could not well be superior— and the universal sentiment of tourists is, that visitors should by all means see and explore both. Some of the principal scenes in the Havana Glen ar^ . ill-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 67 known as "Portal Cascade," "Eagle Cliff Falls," "The ?"??;' ^T^'"'" "^"'''"'" ^"^^^^^'" "J^^ob's Lad- der. The Bridal Veil," " Hermit's Gorge," " The In fI ^^ "V"" ^^""''^" '^"""^^'" "Whispering Falls Chaos Gorge," "Echo Falls," " Faries' Cas cade. " Summit Falls," etc. " From the very beginning Havana Glen impresses the visitor as having a character of its own. The stream IS larger than that of Watkin's Glen. The rock i« less shaly, and it has a strongly marked system of rectangular points dividing the cliffs into square towers and but- tresses. When a portion of the cliff falls, it does not leave a jagged face as in Watkin's Glen ; but a mural surface as smooth and even as a fortress wall, giving the sides of canons the appearance of great diversity and grand simphcity. The eroding current follows the lines of division, zigzaging at right angles rather than curving after the fashion of ordinary streams. At times, as in the " Council Chamber," it cuts out perfect halls, with square corners and perpendicular sides, as unlike any- thing in Watkin's Glen as can be imagined. The walls are lower than in Watkin's, but they seem higher because of their clean-cut faces. In Watkin's there is a persistent sameness in diversity-a monotony of fantastic outline Havana has a statelier, more majestic look. Watkin's confuses while it amazes, bewildering by its multitude of details, infinitely various yet constantly similar Ha- vana has less variety and greater diversity-its plan ^^eeming to be to present no two scenes at all alike At times the cliff gives place to wooded escarpments • ve- getation creeps down into the gorge and throws a'net- «^or. o. beauty and grace-truly glen-iike-between \ ^8 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. two spaces ot precipitous rock. The falls are fewer but in the main more massive, and the pools are square- cornered instead of oval. In short, the two Glens are not rivals, but complements, and the sight of one height- ens rather than lessens the enjoyment of the other." There are refreshment houses at and near the entrance of the Havana Glen, and three good hotels in the village -—the Montour House, which is in size and all things else a first-class house, and the Webster House and Central Hotel, which are smaller, but very attractive and nicely conducted. Carriages will convey visitors to and from the depot and public houses, and between the two Glens at moderate rates. ' SENECA LAKE, which is claimed and conceded to be one of the "most beautiful and interesting sheets of water in the world, is nearly forty miles long, from two to four miles in width, of great depth, and unrivalled in purity and clearness by any of its sister lakes in Central New York. Its course is nearly north and south, and its rising slopes, on either side, are a living panoramic view of alternate and highly cultivated fields, orchards and vineyards, forests and village scenes, along its whole length ; wliich in sum- mer, and especially when the golden hues cf harvest- time are woven into the magnificent ground-work of changing green, presents a double picture of unequalled and matchless beauty. This remarkable Lake has been sounded to the depth of nearly i,000 feet. It rarely freezes in winter, and its steamboats ply between Wat- kin's and Geneva, located at its northern extremity, the year round. Its localities of intf»r*>cf ae;^« fr«'« n.i^«^ A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 69 ■on the east side, are Hector Falls, a fine succession of cascades, and a beautiful point for pleasure parties, three miles north of Watkin's; North Hector point, where an- nual camp-meetings are held, usually in June, and where there is a good hotel well patronized in the summer months ; and the Willard Asylum, at Ovid, for the in- sane poor of the State. Geneva, at the foot of the Lake, is an attractive place in summer and the seat of Hobart College and its Medical and Surgical Museum. The view of the Lake and its eastern shores from College Hill, is one of the finest that can well be imagined, and is worth going miles to see. The two unopened twin Glens, with their fine cas- cades, at Rock Stream and Big Stream, some six or •eight miles below Watkin's, and the splendid views from the highlands in their vicinity,, are features well worthy of attention on the part of those who have abundant leisure ; while the view from the heights of Glenwood Cemetery, or Table Mountain as it was formerly called, north of the Watkin's Glen, is unquestionably the grand- • est, most beautiful and sublime to be found on this por- tion of the American continent. From the preceding description of Watkin's and Ha- vana Glens, Seneca Lake and surroundings, the query will naturally suggest itself, " Why isn't this locality a pleasant place in which to spend a summer vacation ? " It certainly is, being one of the most delightful and in- teresting spots on the continent. In addition to the pleasurable feature of the section, it abounds with nu- merous mineral springs which have, by years of ex- perience, proven to possess excellent healing qualities. This Irioalifir lo ^^n.A'.\.. _-, -»- ! - ■• •■« -^ . _ ^,.„^^ x^ luauxiy ut,i;cssiDle oy me iine Kailway • \ u » i i. i !„( F i l< hi 70 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. to Klmira, from thence via the Northern Central twenty miles northward to Havana or Watkin's. or via the New York Central to Canadaigua, where the Northern Cen- tral IS taken southward to destination, but we prefer to return to Elmira, and continue our journey westward via the New York, Lake Erie and Western Railway to the world-renowned ' NIAGARA FALLS. JHF. Falls of Niagara may justly be classed among- I the wonders of the world. They are the pride of f America, and their grandeur, magnitude and mag- nificence are well known to all the civilized world Ever since the discovery of this wonderful cataract, millions have flocked thither from all countries to gaze with feel- ings of the deepest solemnity on the tumultuous fall of water, and to adore the power and majesty of the Almighty as there exhibited and realized amid the sub- hme scenery of this stupendous waterfall. Over this great cataract has been pouring ceaselessly through the centuries of the past, with the deafening roar of a thousand thunders, a torrent of water three- fourths of a mile wide and 20 feet in depth, or an aggre- gate, it is calculated, of a hundred million tons per hour. No wonder that to this grandest of natural shrines the untutored aborigines were wont to come yearly to worship their Great Spirit, and propitiate him by the sacr^ice of an Indian maiden, sent down on the current in a flower-laden canoe to her death in the ter- rible vortex ; no wonder that they led thither the first missionaries who penetrated these wilds, and pointed in speechless awe to the mighty cataract ; and no wonder that in thp>*f> la<-*»rH^»«' *-V.^.,o^~J — r^ •^, r — .,.., ,j„j,^ uiuUoa.n»a3 ui Luuriscs from every (f) < < < O t-.HTJlWfct.*- >•>.-. G^ ;z5 in V '> c r/5 U s o a o •3; ii ::£ -7, 5 o T3 c -o c rt -M ■f> < -i •8 M ., '-is u ^r„^ 4-> e! u P5 3 "5 ,, t3 C11 ? ■- 3 Ol ' T, ^-1 ents, , and 9 ^ (*. ra (U w •i-( 13 ^ «j I— -Wl^^^— gg ps4 > o *i 'A O JS. (^ o c^ oa pi: Oh O o Q CO r < CD « J3 O ►— < H g s Q w H W in ^=*=* 3) fr*-t o c -o .S "3 .S = S ^ §-^ o o " .2 Ji -5 '■5 ? -O -a 4, «i= c u 4J rt 3 •- •s 5 -a bJJ' t/i c m C lu ;5 ^ u. -a o ifi ^ ii "o c o c o o c bJ3 ii rt o rt <-' . p .> ^ --s - ^ 8 g « o -C C !2 »*« «L £9$ irtSi it fCSS £3% lb«: (at >■ u K (<< O H O O t^ M K H H < Q Z £ !25 H Z O Q W < OS O c u ts o u ^^ rt rt Ss Vm O «— 1n O (U T1 c C 2 V. biO u n O -o (U K J= B u u >. v X J3 ct: *-> y= bo c c rt en O The roaring is so tremendous that .t would seem, that if all the lions that have ever lived Hallelujah chorus, they would produce but a whisper m comparison to the deep diapason of this most majestic ot all Natures pipes or organs. The bridge which connects the mainland with Goat Island IS eagerly passed, and we explore the whole of th^ curious crag, which is rightly named, for it is found fantastic enough to suggest that goats only could find a comfort- able footing. The sublimity oil the scene inrreases at everyf step ; but when we come upon the mighty Cataract we gaze in speechless wonder. But words ^he rapids cannot describe thegrandeur of this scene,nor the emotion which It excites ; neither can the pencil, any more than he pen do it justice. The silent and still pLure wants ^he motion and the sound of that stupendous :„! tf waters. It is impossible to o^ii"*^ <^»> • • r Mi^ tu pcii,., ^„^- ^y^j-_j.jgjj^g column A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 79 of spray that spires upward from the foaming gulf below, or the prismatic glory that crowns it ; for there indeed has God forever "set his bow" in the cloud, and cold must be the heart that in such a scene remembers not His covenant New Suspension Bridge. The desirability of erecting a bridge nearer the falls, and for carriage or foot passeng is only, had long been spoken of, and finally, after much trouble and presever- ance, charters were obtained from the State of New York and the Province of Ontario, and work was commenced in 1867. It was opened to the public on the 1st January, 1869, Its cost was nearly $! 20,000, It is located about 1,800 feet below the American Falls, on the American side, landing on the Canadian side, only 8 or 10 rods below the Clifton House. The towers on the Canadian side are 120 feet high, and on the American side 106 feet high. The span is 1,230 feet from tower to tower. The height from the water to the floor of the bridge is 256 feet. There is a single track for carriages, and space at one side for foot passengers. The bridge has at each side a strong railing five feet high. The estimated strength of the structure is over 150 tons, an(;J as 10 or 15 tons is all that could well be placed on the bridge at one time by its ordinary traffic the greatest confidence prevails as to its stability. It has now passed through six winters with its load of ice and frozen spray, so that it is no longer an experiment, but a fixed fact, and full confidence has been established. > It stands as a great lasting monument to J. T. Bush, who conceived the project, and carried it to a successful termination. The view from the centre of it is exceed- ingly fine ; suspended in mid-air — in full view of both 80 A /I- Round Route and Panoramic GuUfc. the American and Horseshoe Falls— the river above and below, with its beautiful banks from 150 to 250 feet perpendicular, presents a view never before enjoyed by- visitors to this wonderfully beautiful resort. The^ erection of this bridge brings Goat Island and th( ie of Table Rock within easy walking distance. ! Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 81 Table Rock, From which such a grand view of the falls was obtained, exists only in name, and in the interest wl\ich attaches to its site. It was a truly magnificent crag, overhanging the fearful abyss, and it constituted one of the wonders of the place. Many accidents are recorded, from the temerity of tourists who ventured too near its margin. It, however, fell in 1862, and had this accident occurred an hour or two earlier in the day, the Victoria Bridge, the Grand Trunk Railway, and many other Canadian un- dertakings, might not have been accomplished, for, a very short time previous lo the disappearance of the slippery granite, there was standing upon it, viewing the Falls, the engineer of the Victoria Bridge and several of his colleagues in the enterprises that have been mentioned. Cave of the Winds. A suitable building is here erect- ed for the accommodation of visit- ors wishing to pass under the centre i Fall into the Cave of the Winds, [and this is a feat that all tourists [should, if possible, perform. Oil- skin dresses, clean and dry, are sup- plied to visitors. For a small fee an experienced guide will accom- pany parties under the sheet of water, and describe fully all the ■NTRANCB TO THE CAVE OP • • j . . j •.1,1., a THE WINDS. mcidents connected with this local- ity. The scene within the cave is one of inconceivable grandeur. Conversation is impossible, the mighty cata- ract asserting its right to alone be heard, as its thunders reverberate within the cave. 6 82 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. TABLE BOCK — NIAGARA FALLS. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 83 The Brunswick House, Niagara Falls— (Canada Side.) — It is situated directly opposite the American Falls, affords to visitors the fir est view of the great Cataract, and has the advantage over all other hotels at the Falls, in not being subject to the spray, which is such a great annoyance to visitors. 1 iiis hotel has been thoroughly renovated and re-furnish'-d, and no pains will be spared for the comfort of its guests. Special rates for families and others staying extended periods of time. Open sum- : ' 1 i M Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. mer and winter. Terms reasonable. M. Kick, pro- prietor. Places of Interest at Niagara. Below the Brunswick House, we have the Railway- Suspension Bridge, Whirlpool Rapids, and V/hirlpool. Opposite the American side : Prospect Park, American Falls, Goat Island, American Rapids, Three Sister Islands, and Luna Island. Canada side : The Horse- shoe Falls, front view of all the Falls, Burning Spring, and Whirlpool. The illumination of the Falls by the electric light shows to better advantage from the Brunswick House than any other point on the Canadian side of the river This is perhaps one of the grandest scenes in the world,, and the attraction par excellence to visitors from the United States and Europe. From Prospect Park we pass over the New Suspension Bridge to the Canadian side. Here a road turns to the left from the end of the bridge, leading along the cliff past the Clifton and Brunswick Houses, and affording the most beautiful and sublime views of both Falls. We now come to Table Rock ; from this point the view of the Falls is incomparably grand. A little over a mile above the Falls, continuing our drive up the river road^ we come to the most wonderful natural ciiriosity in the world, the famous Burning Springs. The waters of these Springs are highly charged with sulphuretted hydrogen gas, which, when ignited, emits a pale blue light, which burns with a brilliant flame. To heighten the effect, the phenomenon of the burning water is exhibited in a dark- ened room. Many fine improvements have been made at this spot during the past year, by erecting two hand- some suspension carriage bridges and three other truss I i Ail- Round Route and Panoramie Guide. 85 pro- bridges, and otherwise improving the walks and drives. We might write volumes about this beautiful point of interest, but wc p.efer to have our readers go and see for themselves. Suffice it to say our advice to tourists and pleasure travellers is : Do not leave Niagara until you have taken thiis, the most beautiful drive at the Foils, through Cedar Islands and Clark Hill Islands to the Burning Spring. During the past year it has been visited by many thousands of tourists and pleasure travellers from all quarters of the globe, all of whom have pronounced it to be one of the most attractive points of interest at Niagara. It is situated on the Canadian side of the river. Returning from the Burning Springs we drive along down the Niagara river, cross the bridge already referred to, to the American side, and proceed two miles to the town of Suspension Bridge, where many interesting sights are to be seen. First-class hotel accommodation is to be had at the New York Central Hotel, situated directly opposite the Central Depot ; Mr. Nossioy, the proprietor, formerly of the Mount Eagle Hotel, is too well known to the travelling public to need mention by us. For a first-class meal, and all other home comforts, go to the N. Y. Central Hotel ; it is the right place to stay at. We will now proceed to give a description of the Railway Suspension Bridge, which is admitted by all to be a wonderful triumph of engineering skill. Mr. Roe- bling, of Trenton, New Jersey, was the engineer of this bridge, which, as the name implies, is constructed on the suspension system. The two towers supporting the entire structure, which is in one span, (800 ft.), are about 70 feet high, and built on and into the solid rock ; thf? n 86 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. bridije is supported by four cables, each composed of 8,000 wires, and measuring 91^ inches in diameter, aggre- gate length of wire employe 1 beinr more than 4,000 miles, whilst the entire weight of the bridge is 12.400 tons. Its cost was h.ilf a million dollars." It is con- structed for the joint purposes of roaJ and pedestrian traffic, and for thci Grc.it We-jteni Railway of Canada. There is a small toll levied on all passengers, and a custom-house officer will make a cursory and rapid search, lest any articles liable for duty are being carried across from the United States into the DonTinion of Canada, or vice versa. From here we drive to the Whirlpool Rapids and Double Elevator, situated on the Ameiican side, about one hundred rods below the Railway Suspension Bridge— the finest and " most interesting spot about Niagara Falls. This delight- ful spot is visited by many thousands of people annually on account of the wild and magnificent grandeur of its scenery. The river here turns abruptly to the right, forming an elbow, and as the waters rush against the opposite banks, a whirlpool is formed, on which logs^ and often bodies, have been known to float many days. The river in the centre is estimated by the engineers to be eleven feet and a half higher than on each shore, and the visitor often wonders how the " Maid of the Mist " ever passed down here and lived. There is no perpendicular fall, or external outlet at the whirlpool. The distance across it is one thousand feet ; perpendicular height of the banks, three hundred and fifty feet. Here they have a magnificent Double Elevator, worked by a water-wheel some two hundred and fifty feet below the top of the bank, which enables All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 87 the visitor to reach the water's edge without fatigue. Here bursts upon the view one of the most beautiful and subhme sights to be seen in the world. Through a nar- row gorge rush, in their tumultuous and maddening course, all the waters of the great Upper Lakes. The immense under-current forces the water in the centre tiiirty or forty feet higher than at the edges. • The ever-varying changes the waters constantly un- dergo are indescribably beautiful and fascinating. One is never tired of gazing at this wondrous scene. The surrounding scenery is in keeping with the raging stream. It is a solemnifying prospect, and few can gaze upon it without feeling that they had attained to a higher con- ception of the awful pDwer and might of the Eternal. The rocky banks of the river, plainly showing the differ- ent strata, exhibit the wonderful handiwork of nature. From this point the finest view of the Railway Sus- pension Bridge can be obtained. To look at this beau- tiful structure from the water's edge, at this point, one could almost believe the fairies built it. It was near this spot that Blondin crossed the gorge on a rope, with a man on his back. No visitor should leave Niagara without visiting this delightful and romantic spot. Words cannot express the grandeur o{ this scene ;• it is acknoW' ledged by all to be one of Natures Grandest Works. Reader, you have not seen Niagara until you have paid this place a visit. Out of the many thousands annually visiting the Whirlpool Rapids, on the American side, none have gone away dissatisfied, but all are more than ever impressed with the tremendous magnificence of Niagara. While the view from the Canadian side may be said to supply the general outlines of the picture, that from the American reveals it in all its completeness. 88 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. "Maid of the Mist." It is now a matter of history how this tiny steamer which conveyed tourists under the spray of the great Horseshoe Fall successfully escaped the hands ot the sheriff, by passing through the whirlpool. ^ She left her moorings, about a quarter of a mile above the old Suspension Bridge, June 15, 1861, and sprang "maid of the mist" going through the whirlpool rapids— (american side.) boldly out into the river, to try one of the most perilous voyages ever made. She shot forward like an arrow of light, bowed gracefully to the multitude on the Bridge, and with the velocity of lightning passed on her course; Many beheld this hazardous adventure, expecting every instant she would be dashed to pieces and disappear for- All-Round Route and Panoramtc Gutae, 89 «vcr. Amazement thrilled every heart, and it appeared as if no power could save her. " There ! there ! " was the suppressed exclamation that escaped the lips of alL ** She careers over ! she is lost ! she is lost ! " But, guided by an eye that dimmed not, and a hand that never trembled, she was piloted through those maddened waters by the intrepid Robinson, in perfect safety, and subsequently performed less hazardous voyages on the St. Lawrence. On this trip there were but three men on board, the pilot, engineer, and fireman. She is the only craft, so far as is known, that ever made this fearful trip, and lived. Though the pilot had performed many hazardous exploits in saving the lives of persons who had fallen into the river, yet this last act in taking the " Maid of the Mist " through the whirlpool is the climax of all his adventures. The Devil's Hole Is a large triangular chasm in the bank of the river, three and a half miles below the falls. The Bloody Run, a ravine so called from a sanguinary engagement between two hostile Indian tribes, falls into this chasm. Another very attractive point of interest which the tourist will wish to visit is the Whirlpool Rapids Park.— (Canadian Side.) This new and attractive resort (always in the shade after noon) is situated on the Canadian side of the Niagara River Rapids, one minute's walk north of the R Iroad Suspension Bridge, and is reached by a double hydraulic gravitating elevator riiinning down to the water's edge. From thence, picturesque, shady and level Ii M All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 'walks wind along the edge of the mighty rapids, passJrur a superb fountain throwing up spray to the height of one hundred feet, across a rustic bridge, beneath which rushes a beautiful cascade, making three distinct leaps from the cliffs over two hundred feet above the river At the grandest point of the rapids a rustic platform has been constructed, projecting forty feet over the wildest part of the river, affording the most sublime view of these wonderful rapids. Beneath this platform is the Bodmg Well which bubbles up with mighty impetuosity, biddmg defiance to the raging rapids. The price of admission is fifty cents and no further char-e Special arrangements for admission can be made for excursion and picnic parties upon application to Peter Secord proprietor, Clifton, Ont. THE WHXKLPOOL. ' Landed at the edge of the -Grand Rapids below, the visitor finds himself in the midst of a scene of wild grandeur which is almost indescribable. For nearly 2SO feet the cliffs rise in a nearly perpendicular line. Above them and across the gorge stretches the mighty Suspension Bridge, the passing trains looking like play- things in the distance. Beyond and through the frame work of dark green formed by th( uvcriianging trees- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 91 Niagara rushes ceaselessly, obscured at times by the clouds of white mist that ascend to the sky, and for the very obscurity all the more grandly beautiful. Dashing^ roaring, whirling on through the narrow passes, beating its way against the rocks that for ages have borne up against the shock, comes the accumulation of waters. Rising higher and higher as they flow onward, crying out almost in agony for more room to move, they are still hemmed in by the silent, awful cliffs. Dashing onward, driven forward by the never-ending flow from behind, they reach the most contracted part of the channel. Here for a moment it seems almost as if the mighty volume paused, unable to struggle further, and then, with renewed effort, impelled by some all-powerful but invisible force, it dashes up in one great column of 20, 30, 35 feet into the air, and \vith a noise of thunder bursts through the iron rocks that seek to confine it, and boiling, swirling, bubbling into crystal foam, at last it finds its way into the calm green channel beyond the gorge. When it is remembered that the river at this point is only 300 feet wide, that the Falls of Niagara present a front of one and a quarter miles, and that the flow of water over them averages four feet deep, it will be seen that the channel of the Whirlpool Rapids sinks to a depth of at least 200 feet. At no point near the Falls can the visitor obtain so good an idea of the great volume of water that forces its way through Niagara River, and consequently the Whirlpool Rapids Park has at once taken front rank as a point of interest. It should be visited by every one who comes to Niagara Falls. The Three Sisters. These are three small islands, lying side by side, near f ^3 A 11- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the head of Goat Island. The remotest of this group is *M 'a n""^ ^'°"' ""^'"^ ^'' -^"''^ ^' Robinson rescued a Mr. Allen in the summer of 1841. Mr. Allen, having started just before sun-down for Chippewa, (a village three miles up the river on the Canada side,) had the misfortune to break one of his oars in the midst of the river. The current caught his boat and bore it rapidly towards the Falls. As his only hope of safety, he steered with the remaining oar for the head of Goat Island, but. failing to strike that, he was bearing swiftly past this httle island when, knowing that the alternative was cer- tain doom, he sprang for the land, and reached it with but little injury. Having matches in his pocket, he struck a signal light at the head of this island, but it was not seen uncil morning. Mr. Robinson rescued him by means of a boat and cable. The first of the sisterhood, or the island nearest you IS called Moss Island. That feathery show of a cataract between yourself and Moss Island is called the Hermit's Cascade, from its having been the usual bathing place of Francis Abbot, the Hermit of Niagara. The Hermit of the Falls. As we think it will be interesting, we will relate the story of this strange person. About twenty-five years ago, in the glow of early summer, a young stranger of pleasing countenance and person made his appearance at Niagara. It was at first conjectured that he was an artist, a large portfolio, with books and musical instru- ments, being among his baggage. He was deeply impressed with the majesty and sublimity of the Cata- ract and the surrounding scenery, and expressed an .,, I^.l«c^ll. rt wccii, tuiic he mignt survey them All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 93- 94 All-Jtound Route and Panoramic Guide, at his leisure. But the fascination, which all minds of sensibility feel in the presence of that glorious work of the Creator, grew strongly upon him, and he was heard to say that six weeks were insufficient to become ac- quainted with its beauties. At the end of that period he was still unable to tear himself away, and desired to ^* build there a tabernacle," that he might indulge in his love of solitary musing, and admire at leisure the sub- limity of nature. He applied for a spot on the Three Sisters' Island, on which to erect a cottage after his own model ; one of the peculiarities of which was a draw- bridge to insure isolation. Circumstances forbidding compliance with this request, he took up his residence in an old house on Iris Island, which he rendered as comfortable as the state of the case would admit. Here he remained about eighteen months, when the intrusion of a family interrupted his habits of seclusion and medi- tation. He then quietly withdrew, and reared for himself a less commodious habitation near Prospect Point. ' When winter came, a cheerful fire of wood blazed upon the hearth, and he beguiled the long hours of evening with reading and music. It was strange to hear in such solitude, the long-drawn, thrilling notes of the violin, or the softer melody of the flute, gushing forth from that low-browed hut ; or the guitar breathing out so lightly amid the rush and thunder of the never-slumbering torrent. Though the world of letters was familiar to his mind, and the living world to his observation, for he had travelled widely, Jjoth in his native Europe and the East, he sought not association with mankind, to unfold or to increase his store of knowledge. Those who had oc- casionally conversed with him, spoke with equal surprise and admiration of his colloquial powers, his comm.and of A II- Round Route and Panoramic Gmde. 95 lan,^uage, and his fervid eloquence ; but he seldom and sparingly admitted this intercourse, studiously avoiding society, though there seemed in his nature nothing of misanthropy or moroseness ; on the contrary, he showed kindness to even the humblest animal. Birds instinctive- ly learned this amiable trait in his character, and freely -entered his dwelling, to receive from his hands crumbs or seeds. But the absorbing delight of his solitary residence was communion with Niagara. Here he might be seen at every hour of the day or night, a fervent worshipper. At the gray dawn he went to visit it in the veil of mist ; at noon, he banqueted in the full splendour of its glory ; beneath the soft tinting of the lunar bow he lingered, looking for the angel whose pencil had painted it ; and at solemn midnight he knelt at the same shrine. Neither the storms of autumn nor the piercing cold of winter prevented his visits to the temple of his adoration. There was, at this time, an extension of the Serappin Bridge, by a single beam of timber carried out ten feet over the fathomless abyss, where it hung tremulously, guarded only by a rude parapet. Along this beam he often passed and re-passed in the darkness of night. He even took pleasure in grasping it with his hands and thus suspending himself over the awful gulf; so much had his morbid enthusiasm taught him to revel amid the terribly sublime. Among his favourite gratifications, was that of bathing, in which he indulged daily. One bright but rather chilly day in the month cf June, 183 1, a man employed about the ferry saw him go into the water, and for a long time after observed his clothes to be still lying upon the bank. The poor hermit had Vr.\. u:» i»,.4. 1 t.\. a,jv»_n 1JJ3 ioat uatii. 11 vvaij :i^ppu3cu uiac crampa iiiigiit «6 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. have been induced by the chill of the atmosphere or the water. Still tne body was not found, the depth and force of the current below being exceedingly great In the course of their search they passed on to the Whirl- pool. There, amid those boiling eddies, was the body hiakmg fearful and rapid gyrations upon the face of the b ack waters. At some point of suction it suddenly plunged and disappeared. Again emerging, it was fear- ful to see It leap half its length above the flood then float motionless as if exhausted, and anon spring upward and seem to struggle like a maniac battling with a mortal foe. For days and nights this terrible scene was pro- longed. It was not until the 2ist of June that after many efforts they were able to recover the body and bear It to h.s desolate cottage. There they found his faithful do guarding the door. Heavily had the long period worn away while he watched for his only friend and wondered why he delayed his coming. He scruti' nized the approaching group suspiciously, and would not willingly have given them admittance. A stifled wail at length showed his intuitive knowledge of his master, whom the work of death had effectually dis-uised from the eyes of men. On the pillow was his pet kitten and in different parts of the room were his guitar, flute violin, portfolio and books scattered, the books open as If recently used. It was a touching sight; the hermit mourned by h.s humble retainers, the poor animals that loved him, and ready to be laid by strange hands in a toreign grave. The motives that led this singular and accomplished being, learned in the languages, in the arts and sciences in.proved by extensive travel, and gifted with personal beauty and a feeline heart, to «p^i„h» i-in^^-ir ■.- .... A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 9:7 &8 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. flower of youth from human society, are still enveloped in mystery. All that is known was that his name was Francis Abbott, that he was a native of England, where his father was a clergyman, and that he received from thence ample remittances for his comfort. These facts haci been previously ascertained, but no written papers were found in his cell to throw additional light upon the obscurity, in which he has so effectual !y wrapped the history of his pilgrimage. The Three Sister Bridges. These costly and substantial structures are built over the three channels which separate the Three Sisters from each other and from Go^t Island, presenting new and grand views of the Rapids and Falls, unequalled from any otner point. These three bridges combine strength and beauty. They are alike, being slightly convex, that IS, higher in the middle that at either end. thus adding to tljeir strength. The ends are fastened into the solid rock. Two rods two inches in diameter, pass under each bridge, and are also fastened into the rocks at either end. The peculiar construction of the railing adds much to their strength and beauty. A fourth island, or sister, was discovered while the bridges were being built ; to it, k bridge has also been thrown. From the head of the third sister may be seen one continuous Cascade or Fall, extending as far as the eye can reach, from Goat Island across to the Canada shore, varying from ten to twenty feet in height. From this minature Niagara rises a spray similar to that of the great Falls. The Rapids here descend fifty-one feet in ^ of a mile, and they are one ^.akuics Kix x.'^i igara. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 99 Viewed from the Bridge they look like "a battle charge of tempestuous waves, animated and infuriated, against the sky. " As they pass towards the falls the commotion becomes more deeply intense, and they struggle as if desiring to escape the tremendous abyss into which they are about to be huried. Suddenly, as they approach the verge, resignation seems to come over them, and in apparent calmness they accept their fate, and in an in- stant pass beyond our view. It is now nearly 200 years since the eye of the Euro-' pean first saw these wonderful rapids and falls. Father Hennepin, in l6;8, was conducted by the Indians to this spot, and there beheld the " wonder of the Worid." For ages before his visit, and for nearly two centuries since, the mighty river has continued to flow in " floods so grand and inexhaustible, as to be utterly unconscious of the lo?s of the hundred millions of tons, which they pour every hour over the stupendous precipice." " Still do these water roll, and leap, and roar, and ^' tumble all day long ; still are the rainbows spanning *' them a hundred feet below. Still, when the sun is on '' them, do they shine and glow like molten gold. Still " when the day is gloomy, do they fall like snow, or seem " to crumble away like the front of a great chalk cliflf, or " roll down the rock like dense white smoke. But always *' does the mighty stream appear to die as it comes down, " and always from the unfathomable grave arises that *' tremendous ghost of spray and mist which is never " laid, which has haunted this place with the same dread '' solemnity since darkness brooded on the deep, and that '' first flood before the deluge— Light—came rushing on " creation at the Word of God." Luna Island is beautifully placed just in the very \ 100 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. curve of the fall. This island, as it appears in its summer as well as its winter dress, is graphically described in I' Picturesque America," from which we quote as follows : " It is pleasant enough in summer, for it has evergreens trees and bushes, grasses and wild flowers in abundance! the atmosphere of spray by which it is surrounded being apparently favorable to vegetation. At night time, when there is a moon, a fine lunar bow is visible from the bridge that connects it with Goat Island, and hence its name. But the great glory of Luna Island is in the winter, when all the vegetation is encrusted with frozen spray. The grasses are no longer massed in tufts, but each particular blade is sheathed in a scabbard of' dia- monds, and flashes radiantly at every motion of the wind. Every tree, according to its foliage, receives the frozen macGcs differently. In some, especially evergreens, with pinnatified leaves, each separate needle is covered' with a fine coating of dazzling white. In others where the boughs and branches are bare, the spray lodges upon the twigs and gives to the eye cubes of ice that greatly resemble the uncouth joints of the cactus. In some evergreens the spray, being rejected by the oleaginous particles, forms in apple-like balls at the extremities of the twigs and the nooks of the branches. Those close to the verge of the fall are loaded so completely with dazzling heaps of collected frozen spray that the branches often give way, and the whole glittering heap comes flashing down in crumbling ruin. On the ground the spray falls in granulated circular drops of opaque white • but, wherever there is a stone or a boulder, ice is massed about it in a thousand varying shapes. Let us peep down \ the verge, and, regardless of the noise and the smoke of the vvaterfall, ^v^^ our attention solely to the All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 101 ice. It stretches in great columns from the top to the bottom of the falls, and a colonnade is formed, such as one reads of in the fantastic stories of the East where alabaster and marble, jade and porphyry, are carried to the skies in the tremendous palaces of pre- Adamite kings. The frozen spray descending upon these, covers them with a delicate tracery of flowers and ferns and even of resemblance to human heads, which is a beautiful and strange sight. " In winter time we may not descend on the American side ; but, if we might, surely we should discern the most wondrous ice configurations along the verge of the path- way. The descent can be made at this time under the Table Rock; and the visitor passes from the stairways into a defile of the kind that Dante dreamed of in his frozen Bolgia. Along the side of the rock walls are rows of stalactites, about the size of the human body, to which all of them bear a quaint resemblance. Upon the other side, massed along the verge of the bank, are ice- heaps that mount up fifty feet into the troubled air, some of them partially columnar in shape, but the ma- jority looking like coils of enormous serpents, that have been changed by the rod of an enchanter into sullen ice. " It must be remembered that, if winter gives much, it also takes away much. If it covers the trees and the grass with diamonds, and heaps up ice-serpents, and builds colonnades and spires and obelisks, it takes away a great part of the volume of the water, for the thousand rills that feed the great lakes have been rent from the hills by the fierce hand of the Frost giant, and clank around his waist as a girdle. Those who love colour and light, and majesty of sound, will do well to come in the If 102 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. summer ; those who like the strange, the fantastic, and the fearful, must come in the winter. But the true lover of the picturesque in Nature, will come at both times. Each has its special charm ; each has some things which the other lacks ; but in both are features of transcen- dent beauty." We shall now conduct our tourist to one spot on the Canadian side where, perhaps of all others, the finest view of the waterfalls can be seen. It is along the railway track that lies at the back of Mr. Zimmerman's house, where an open spot is reached, near a small reservoir immediately above the Falls. From this point of obser- vation a scene is presented of such grandeur and mag- nificence, that our language would almost seem too meagre to furnish the words necessary to adequately describe it. As we gaze we realize to some slight extent the tremendous power of the fall as well as its height. A celebrated English visitor to this spot expresses his admiration in the following terms : " I now caught my first sight of that wondrous vision which is worth a pil- grimage from England to see. I have since had an opportunity of making it a study, and my conviction is that if there is anything in the world which defies at once description and analysis, and which excites in the beholder by turns, ideas of grandeur, beauty, terror, power, sublimity, it is expressed in that one word- Niagara. I have seen it in the most of its summer aspects. I have gazed upon the marvellous panorama from the rapids above, to the whirlpool below. I have looked up to it from the river, and down upon it from the Terrapin tower. I have bathed in its light, and been drenched with its spray. I have dreamed over it through the hot aftfrnnon a"'^ \\r%iTa. u^»..j :*. ^.i i .. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 103 watches of the night. On all the headlands, and on all the islands, I have stood entranced and wondering, while the mist has shrouded it, and while the sun has broken it into rainbows. I have seen it fleecy as the snow flake ; deepening into the brightest emerald ; dark and laden as the angriest November sky,— but in all its moods there is instruction, solemnity, delight. Stable in its perpetual instability ; changeless in its everlasting change ; a thing to be ' pondered in the heart ' like the revelation to the meek Virgin of old ; with no pride in the briUiant hues that are woven in its eternal loom ; with no haste in the majestic roll of its waters ; with no weariness in its endless psalm — it remains th rough the eventful years an embodiment of unconscious power, a living inspiration of thought, and poetry, and worship,— a magnificent apocalypse of God." TO DETROIT AKD CHICAaO. From Niagara Falls, via Hamilton, Paris and London, by the Great Western and Michigan Central Railways. As in all likelihood many of our tourists who have never visited these large Western cities, may desire whilst at Niagara to take a run — even- if only for a brief period — to the principal business localities in the Western States, we have thought it desirable, and as a matter of convenience to the travelling public, to refer to the Western States of America, which are not only worthy and will amply compensate for any time spent in visiting them, but which really ought to be seen by all those who consider themselves travellers. It is needless to say that we refer to the fine cities of Detroit, in the State of Michigan, and Chicago, in the State of Illinois. A fevv hours' ride over the Great Western Railway, from Sus- 104 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. pension Bridge, through a pleasant country around Thorold, the crossing point of the great Welland Canal around the Falls of Niagara, and we come to St. Cath- arines, with a population of 10,900, pleasantly situated, favourite as a place of residence, and noted for its mineral springs of much efficacy. Thence passing Grimsby, situated near the shore of Lake Ontario, we arrive at the beautiful CITY OP HAMILTON, SHOWING THE GOKE ON KING STREET. CITY OF HAMILTON. ' JHIS city was laid out and settled in 1 813. It is built on a plateau of slightly elevated ground, winding around the foot of a hilly range, which extends from Niagara Falls, and which here receives the name of "The Mountain." The streets are wide, and for the most part cross each other at right angles! King street, the principal thoroughfare, runs through the entire breadth of the city. Near the centre of this All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 105 street is a large open space known as " The Gore," and a little north is Market Square, on which stands the spacious public building used as civic offices and a market. The banks and many of the churches are handsome struc- tures, and on the rising ground approaching the moun- tain, are many elegant residences. The city contains about 25 churches, several banks, a (Wesleyan) Female College, and a large number of manufactories. Hamil- ton is the headquarters of the Great Western Railway of Canada, and here the general offices, engine shops and workshops are located. The population of the City is about 27,000, and the City is 43 miles from Suspension Bridge, and 187 miles east from Detroit. At Hamilton connections are made for Toronto and all the eastern Canadian cities ; via., the Grand Trunk Railway, also by boat on the Lake for Toronto and all points on the St. Lawrence River. Corlinuing our journey we pass west from Hamilton seven miles, to Dundas, with many manufactures and very fine scenery. From here the country through which the train passes is unimportant, until arriving at Harrisburgh, where connections are made northward to Berlin, Guelph, and the Grand Trunk Railroad to Paris, which is a thriving town with important water power and manufactories of various kinds. Here connections are made north-westward to Goderich and Lake Huron ; if ;! 106 AU-Roiind Route and -Panoramic Guide. south-eastward to Buffalo by Goderich, branch of the Grand Trunk Railroad. Travelling forty-seven mile, west from Pans, through a fine agricultural district, in which the scenery is pleasantly diversified, our olfactory nerves become indicators of the presence of an industry -petroleum refining,-which is extensively engaged in in that part. This brings us to the beautiful CITY OF LONDON, |NE hundred and nineteen miles west from Sus- pension Bridge, and one hundred and ten miles east of Detroit, with a population of 21,000. It is situ- atedm the midst of thefinest agricultural region of Canada It IS the centre of several diverging lines of railway. It IS favorably known for its White Sulphur Springs and Its extensive manufactures. The streets, and many of the public buildings are called by the same names as those of old London. The little stream which passes, IS dubbed the Thames, and Westminster and Blackfriars Bridges lead us across its narrow line. The public buildings are very fine, and its numerous churches are choice in architectural design. London has made many fine improvements during the past year which are worthy of notice, especially the n€w water-works, which are located about 'five miles below the city on the River Thames. London has also a new gas company, which has been chartered during the past year, so the city is now lighted with gas at about half the price of any city in the Dominion. A Com- pany has also been formed, and is now in operation for heating all the business houses as well as private dwellings with steam. So far this new enterprise has * t""'^" ouucccs. j^undon has important rail- Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. lOT way connections: — Northward to St. Mary's via the Grand Trunk Railroad ; southward to Port Stanley on Lake Erie ; westward to Petrolia (Oil-Centre), and Port Sarnia, at the entrance of the St. Clair River, into Lake Huron. A further ride of i ro miles will bring the tourist to the town of Windsor, in Canada, and a few minutes more CITY OF LONDON, FROM THE TOWNER OF ENGLISH CATHEDRAL. occupied in crossing the river by the Steam Ferry wilt land him in the City of Detroit and Michigan Central Depot, where direct connections are made for the West, North and North- West, as well as South and South- West and all points in Michigan, by the popular Michi- gan Central Railway. By this line we continue our jour- ney westward to the 108 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. CITY OF DETROIT. jETROIT is one of the oldest cities on the continent; having been founded as a French Missionary Station in 1670. The city, which is known as the " City of the Straits," extends along the Detroit River for about 3 miles, and is built up about 2% miles from the water. The streets are wide and beautifully shaded by trees. The churches are numerous, and in many in- stances very beautiful ; the private residences are sur- rounded by spacious grounds, tastefully ornamented, and the stores and public buildings are metropolitan in size and appearance. The principal buildings worthy a visit are the Custom House and Post-Office on Griswold street. The Board of Trade Building and the Michigan Central Freight Depot should by all means be seen. It IS of immense size and costly construction, 1,250 feet long and 102 wide , is an immense room without parti- tions or pillars, and is covered by a self-supporting iron roof Here is also located the great Locomotive Round House, also large Grain Elevators. The new Opera House is likewise worthy of inspection. The most notable churches are St. Paul's rEpiscopal), with the peculiarity of having a roof without columns ; Christ, St. John's and Grace, all of the same denomination; Fort Street Presbyterian ; Central Methodist (Episcopal) ; St Paul (Catholic) ; St. Anne's (Catholic), with very fine choir, etc. Detroit has also elaborate water-works, as well as large manufacturing and shipping interests in grain and provisions, etc. Detroit is always a pleasant place to visit. In summer, pleasure excursions are a daily occurrence and the beautiful river affords ample opportunity for the members of the Detroit " River Navy," with its fleet of a couple of hundred yachts, to exercise before the gaze of All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 109 assembled thousands on the shore, who gather to wit- ness the grand " Reviews " each season. We would advise the Tourist to visit the pretty Cemetery and the outskirts of the city, which in all directions are very fine, and will well repay a drive or a long " constitu- tional." As regards hotel accommodation, we can re- commend the " Russell House," on Woodward Avenue, as a first-class hotel, containing all modern improve- ments, with every comfort required by the most fastidi- ous. DETROIT TO CHICAGO. The Tourist having finished his sojourn at Detroit, the next place he will wish to visit is the " New York " of the West. Probably, most of our pleasure-seekers may have already visited the Lion City, but to those who have not made the journey within the Ust few years, we would advise them by all means to extend their absence from home for at least a few days, and go and see the march of progress being made by our western friends. Taking the splendidly equipped train of the Michigan Central Railway from the Union Depot at Detroit, and after ten hours of as comfortable travelling, over one of the finest road-beds, with well ballasted track, laid with steel rails, as can be obtainea on the continent, you will find yourself in Chicago. Leaving Detroit by this popular route the train passes through the suburbs of this beautiful city for a dis- tance of three miles to Grand Trui ': Junction, where connections are made with the Grand Trunk and Detroit branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Rail- ways. Seven miles west we pass Dearborn, where the Detroit Arsenal is situated, near Rough River. The next I I I ?J I 110 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. place of importance to the traveller is Ypsilante, thirty miles west from Detroit, which is a beautiful town of Michigan, having a population of 5,500; here is located the State Normal School. Passing along the Huron River for a distance of eight miles we arrive at Ann Arbor, which is a very large and handsome town of 7,500 inhabitants, finely situated on an elevated plateau, with beautiful shrubbery and many handsome buildings; the University of Michigan is located here and is an in- stitution of wide influence, with varied courses of study; it contains a very fine observatory, as well as other at- tractive features. Leaving this enterprising town we continue our journey westward, and passing through a very fine agricultural section of country we find the broad acres of Michigan are fast being transformed into happy homes and finely cultivated farms ; all of the different towns and villages Lhrough which we pass are growing fast both in size and influence, and the evidences of industry and thrift are visible on every hand. Having travelled 38 miles without stopping we arrive at Jack- son 76 miles from Detroit and 208 from Chicago. Jack- son has a population of 14,000, and is a thriving and very enterprising city; it is the county seat of Jackson County, situated on both sides of the Grand ^River, at an elevation of 440 feet above Lake Michigan, which has many manufactures, and an important coal trade from the mines in the immediate neighborhood. Jackson has also very extensive railway connections; it is the southern terminus of the Saginaw Division of the Michigan Central Railway, and the south-eastern terminus of the Grand Rapids Division of the Micblgran Central Rail- way ; it is also the eastern junction of the Air Line D!= vision with the mainline of Michigan Central, as well as the AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Ill northern terminus of Fort Wayne, Jackson & Saginaw R. R. ; and the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Rail- way from Adrian make connections at this point. Leaving Jackson 20 miles distant is Albion with a popu- lation of 1,700; here the Albion College is located. Twelve miles west of Albion we arrive at Marshall, where the trains both east and west remain 20 minutes for refreshments — the meals first-class in every respect. Marshall has a population of 4,650, where are located the extensive repair shops of the company ; it also has large paper manufactories. Resuming our journey for thirteen miles we arrive at Battle Creek, an extensive manufacturing town with a population of 5,325 ; the ex- tensive flour mills here located are worthy of special notice by the traveller ; here is to be seen one of the finest water powers in the State. From Battle Creek west for a distance of 23 miles the Michigan Central Railway passes through the very garden of the State, where are to be seen some of the finest farms, with their golden fields of grain presenting to the traveller a beautiful pic- ture, until arriving at Kalamazoo, which is one of the largest towns in the State, with much shaded beauty, and has many very handsome residences, and is the seat of a Baptist College and the State Insane Asylum — one of the be.st managed institutions of its kind in the country. Kalamazoo is a very thriving manu- facturing and commercial town, with a population of 11,750, and is 144 miles west from Detroit and 140 east from Chicago, with extensive railway connections, north-west to Grand Haven and Lake Michigan, also to Grand Rapids; south-eastward to Fort Wayne, and from Kalamazoo by Lawton (with extensive iron works) we arrive at Niles, 47 miles from Kalamazoo, 191 miles 112 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. from Detroit, 93 miles from Chicago, with a population of 5,000. Niles is a town of considerable commercial and industrial importance, situated on the St. Joseph River; it is the western junction of the Air Line of the Michigan Central Railway, which connects with the main line ; it is also the northern terminus of the South Bend Division of the Michigan Central. Niles is also the most important town in Berrien County. Continuing our journey still through a beautiful section of country for 27 miles, we reach New Buffalo, which is the western terminus of the Chicago and West Michigan Railway ; at this point all trains of the Michigan Central Railway make close connections for all points on the eastern shore of Lake Michigan. New Buffalo ife a modern town of 1,450 souls; from here 10 miles further on we pull up at Michi- gan City, 228 miles from Detroit and 56 from Chicago; where connections are made with the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago, also the Indianapolis, Peru & Chi- cago Railways. Michigan City is situated on the ex treme southern point of Lake Michigan ; it is the lum- ber port of Northern Indiana, with a population of 4,000 ; here is located one of the two Indiana State Prisons'. From this important station we hasten on our journey to Chicago, by the town of Lake, 2 1 miles distant from Michi- gan City ; this is the eastern terminus of line to Jol" :t ; 21 miles west from here lies Kensington, where connections are made with the main line of the Illinois Central. From Kensington we pass through a fine section of country over the rolling prairies of Illinois, on through the suburbs of Chicago, until we arrive in the Union Depot, at the foot of Lake street, where direct connections are made in the same depot for all points west, east, north and north-west, south and south-west. The distance All- Round Rotile and Panoramic Guide. \VZ travelled between Detroit and Chicago, by the Michi- gan Central Railway, has been 284 miles. For description of Chicago see Western appendix. In returning to the east, if our tourist can spare the time, a most enjoyable and healthful trip may be made by taking the steamers of the Goodrich line to Milwaukee, or by Railway, on the Chicago, Milwaukee and St Paul Road, or Chicago & North Western trains, and thence by the Detroit & Milwaukee Company's steamers to Grand Haven, where they connect with the railway owned by that Company running to Grand Rapids and Detroit From our own experience we can truly say, that in fine weather this is a most lovely journey. aRAUD HAVEN AND SPRING LAKE. ^HE curative properties of the Grand Haven and " Spring Lake mineral waters, together with the fine air and good hotels, have given these points a po- sition among the noted watering places of America, scarce dreamed of by their founders. Annually large numbers flock to the life-giving waters, while many come to escape the heated atmosphere of more southern climes. Few people form a true conception of the great cele- brity these waters are justly gaining. They hear and speak of Grand Haven as being a place of healing waters, and summer resort, but do they, or do you, gentle reader, icnovv iiovv largely these waters are being used, and how many people come to Grand Haven every year to enjoy 8 114 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. \ its beauties ? The principal hotels n*-^' the Cutler and Kirby, which are first-class in every detail While at Grand Haven, the guest may enjoy the un- equalled facilities for boating and fishing to be found there. Boating is always a pleasure, and we know of no finer opportunity to enjo}^ a row or sail than prericnt^i itself at Grand Haven. The visitor may proceed down the river to its mouth, and, with lady friends, picnic on the beach of grand Lake Michigan — that great unsalted sea — or he may go up tlie river and eat his lunch on the banks thereof, where may be found many charming places ; or, may pause at Spring Lake, that pleasant place to troll for black bassj In fact, the pen fails to re- cord the truly deserving praise which the tourist will utter when on the spot, viewing with his own eyes the loveliness of the wood and water, and taking with his own hand the struggling fish. GRAND RAPIDS, (Mich.) ^S a very beautiful and flourishing city, the second in the State, and 3 1 miles from Grand Haven ; has nearly 35,000 inhabitants, and many large manu- factories. It is a miniature Chicago in business enter- prise and rapidity of growth. The tourist will not regret a day spent in Grand Rapids. It has many attractions for the stranger that become positively charming upon a closer acquaintance. The beautiful and varied charms of Reed's Lake claim attention, among others of as at- tractive a nature. This lovely sheet of water lies three miles from the city, and is reached by street cars that run UL iicqu^iifc anu it^uicn illtCivais. v-ri«.c uii tnc opui, boats can be procured for rowing or sailing on the water, All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 115 and fishing tackle for ensnaring the finny denizens of the deep. There are also steam yachts for the use of picnic parties or individuals, and plenty of secluded spots for the pleasure aud enjoyment of those who seek shady nooks and sequestered dells. To the devotees of Terp- sichore, those who delight to " trip the light fantastic toe," the excellent dancing halls and fine music provided will prove irresistibly attractive. There is a good hotel at Reed's Lake, which is well patronized by the fashion- able people of the city. From Grand Rapids we shall make a slight detour lia the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad to Northern Michigan, for Grayling, Bass and Trout. If you are fond of fishing you cannot do better than take a c.ip to the Northern portion of Michigan, which is easily reached from this point via the Grand Rapids and Indiana Rail- road, now popularly known as the "FISHING LINE," presenting many attractions to the invalid, the tourist and the sportsman. The triangular portion of Michigan, lying between the Straits of Mackinaw on the north, the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad on the east, the Manistee River on the south, and Lake Michigan with its indentations on the west, offers a hitherto cr mparatively unknown region with many spots which, once visited, always command a re- turn. The mighty sea, that "Breaks o'er its cold gray stones," * can not surpass in beauty the bays of Lake Michigan. The streams swarm with the finest fish, and the many jewels set by the hand of Nature. Entrancing views, a 116 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. bracing ancf invigorating atmosphere, with plenty of sport, certainly should not be overlooked by the pleasure-seeker and sportsman. To the Grand Traverse region we draw particular attention. It is embraced in the counties of Leelanau, Grand Traverse, Antrim, Charlevoix, and Emmet HKALTH. The healthfulness of this region, like its scenery and fishing, is unsurpassed. The soil is dry, there is no stag- nant water, and the air is clear and bracing. Fever and ague, while existing in other parts of the State, are scarcely known here ; indeed, the atmosphere and pure water seem to be the panacea for these ills. Many peo- ple annually visit Traverse City, 145 miles from Grand Rapids on the Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. The visitor, upon alighting from the cars, finds himself upon a narrow peninsula of sand, formed between the Board- man river and the Grand Traverse Bay. On facing the bay, he looks with wonder at the vast stretch of water be- fore him. Away to the north, it reaches as far as eye can discern. The shores of the bay, heavily fringed with evergreen, are reflected in the clear, bright water, with a witchery charming to behold. The water of the bay, and of all the streams in this region, is remarkably pure and clear. In the bay, a piece of crockery, or any white ob- ject, can be distinctly seen at the depth of thirty feet or more. Traverse City is one of the best sporting centres in the far-famed Grand Traverse region. The bay affords the rare sport of trolling, and the still rarer sport of deep water fishing for Mackinac trout. The inland lakes in the vicinity are numerous and well stocked with black and All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide. 117 rock bass, pickerel, muskallonge, etc ; the Boardman river, emptying into the bay at this point, is one of the finest trout streams in Northern Michigan ; the Mani- stee, the famous grayling stream, is easily accessible, while the whole surrounding country is marked by brooks and smaller streams, every one of which appears to be the native home of the speckled trout. Among the principal lakes in the immediate vicinity are: Cedar Lake, 3 miles ; Bass Lake, 8 miles ; Betzie Lake, 1 2 miles ; Long Lake, 8 miles ; Carp Lake, 7 miles ; Boardman Lake, i^ mile ; while a dozen of smaller lakes or ponds within a radius of twelve miles furnish easy and excellent fishing. At Traverse City, tents, boats, teams, guides, fishing tackle, bait, and all the et ceteras of camp life, or for a day's fishing, can be procured at reason- able rates. MACKINAW. jHIS lovely island is one of the finest Summer "^ Resorts in Northern Michigan. Its locality, scenery, bathing, boating and fishing present irresistible at- tractions to the tourist, invalid, and sportsman. For hay fever and asthmatic affections, its air offers speedy relief. Many people regularly resort to Mackinaw Island every summer for the cure of these diseases. The objects of interest and curiosity are British Land- ing, Friendship's Altar, Scott's Cave, Sugar Loaf, Arch Rock, Fort Holmes, Maiden's Rock, Fairy Arch of the Giant's Stairway, Leaning Rock, Robinson's Folly, Devil's Kitchen, Lover's Leap, Skull Cave, Chimney Rock, Battle Ground, Parade Ground, Fort Mackinaw, Mission House, Island House and School House. 118 Ail- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. All of these points are accessible on foot or by carriage, and can be visited in a single day. Vehicles can always' be obtained at fair rates. Nearly all the places can be visited by boat, also. For fishing parties or excursions ta the adjacent islands or the mainland, a steam yacht is always in readiness. The cost of this trip, when pro- rated, hardly ever amounts to more than $i.oo each. For the history and various legends attached to all these truly interesting places, we have no space, but an accurate account of the island from the first occupation by the whites, down through the various Indian raids and massacres, can be purchased on the island at the leading stores. Mackinaw is also reached by the steamers of the Northern Transit Co., from Chicago ; or the steamers of the Lake Michigan & Lake Superior Co., from Chicago. Alpena is most readily accessible from Detroit to Bay City via the Detroit & Bay City R. R. From Bay City, a steamboat leaves for Alpena every day except Sunday' at 1.30 p.m., and arrives at Bay City from Alpena daily, except Sunday, at 5.30 p.m. During the present season there will be a steamer three times a week between Alpena and Mackinaw Island. A veiy attractive trip could be made through this loca- lity, taking in St. Louis with its Magnetic Springs, then returning to Bay City taking steamer to Alpena, where a- stay can be made delightful in the extreme. As special low rates of fare will be in vogue for this business, the trip will be so cheap that doubtless many will be attracted thither during the present season. Fl3H OF NORHERN MICHIGAN. The Grayling, unlike the Trout, do not hide beneath All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 11& roots and logs, but lie motionless on the clear white sand, and will rise from a depth of ten feet to what seems to them a delicate morsel, but which in reality is a " brown hackle," which is the most killing fly for the June fishing. The " black gnat " is also good. Like the trout, they will sometimes refuse to rise to the tempting fly ; then, if you wish, resort to angle uorms or a bit of pigeon or red squirrel, and you will be pretty sure to take them. One could not pass a week or two more delightfully than on some grayling stream. They are chiefly found on the Au- Sable, Muskegon, Grayling, Hersey, Pine and Boardman rivers. Black Bass are found in almost every part of the State. The pluck, endurance and dominating kind of resolution which they plainly show against the right and propriety of their capture, give them rank among the denizens of fresh water, not essentially different from the Salmon of salt water. Brook Trout, Pickerel, and Pike abound in the streams and afford fine sport to those who know how to fish. Besides varying the route from Grand Rapids, the travel- ler can continue his journey by the Detroit, Grand Haven & Milwaukee Railway to Detroit. From Detroit the Great Western Railway will convey the tourist back to Suspension Bridge (Niagara Falls). Our stay at Niagara having drawn to a close, we must decide upon the route we shall take for Toronto. There are two means of getting there, one by water aud the other by rail. On a sunny, calm day, nothing can be more pleasant than the water excursion, by eillier of the fine new steamers, "City of Toronto" or "Chicora," which daily make two trips each way across Lake Ontario. b&iSl 120 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. between Toronto and Lewiston. If this route is decided on, the tourist will find the car. ready to take him to Lew,ston. From Niagara to Lewiston the railway fol- lows the course of the river, runnmg along the high ridge overlookmg the rapid stream,, until we arrive at Lewts- ton Station. Omnibuses and cabs will be found in at- tendance to take passengers down to the .teamer, whid, hes about half a mile off. Another route open to the ounstis that by the Canada Southern Railroad, which leaves Fort E„e, opposite Buffalo, N. Y., and skirting the shore of the Niagara River runs past Niagara Falls and ermmates at the old town of Niagara, at the mouth of thenverofthe same name, where connection is made with^the steamers referred to,, as starting from Lewiston, LEWISTON. |HIS village is situated at the head of navigation, I on the lower Niagara, and is a place of considerable IP importance. It lies three miles below the Devil's Hole, and seven miles below the Falls It is an exceedingly pleasant and very well built village, but .ts commercial prospects have been ven much mjured by the construction of the Erie.and Vf2- land Canals It contains, besidesa proportionate number of stores and hotels, churches of all the various denom - nations, and an academy of considerable size. In 1 812 It was the headquarters of General Van Rensselaer of the New York Militia. «.ensselaer, of Once embarked we pass along Niagara River for about seven miles, the current still running very raoidlv .mt,l ,t finds its way into Lake Ontario '^ ^' Ail-Round Route and Patioramic Guide. 121 QUEEHSTON. This is a small village situated nearly opposite Lewiston, and contains about 200 inhabitants. It was the Canadian termination of the bridge, and is associated in history with the gallant de- fence made by the British on the ad- jacent heights In the war of 1812. The bridge here shown was unfortunately carried away by ice queenston suspension bridge. during the winter of 1864. The village is pleasantly situated, but it has su.Tered from the same causes that have retarded the growth of Lewiston. Near this point the ri ver becomes more tranquil, the shores appear less broken and wild, and the change in the scenery affords a pleasing transition from the sublime to the beautiful. The Monument shown on page 122 stands on the Heights of Queenston, from whence the village derived its name. The present structure occupies the lite of the former one, which was blown up by a miscreant named Lett, on the 17th April, 1840. The whole edifice is one hundred and eighty-five feet high. On the sub-base, which is forty feet square and thirty feet high, are placed four lions, facing north, south, east and west ; the base of the pedestal is twenty-one and a-half feet square, and ten feet high ; the pedestal itself is sixteen feet square, ten feet high, surmounted with a heavy cornice, ornamented with lions' heads and wreaths, in alto-relievo. In ascend- ing from the top of the pedestal to the top of the base of the shaft, the form changes from square to round. 122 AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. The feet Con* shaft IS a fluted column of freestone, scvcnt)'-rn e h.-h and ten feet in diameter, whereon stands a nthian capital, ten feet high, on which is wrouglit, in rehef, a statue of the God- dess of War. On this capital is the dome nine feet \\iz\i, which is reached by 250 spiral steps from the base on the inside. On the top of the dome is placed a colossal statue of General Brock. The only stoppage made between Lewiston and Toron- to is at the town of Niagara,. 10 miles from the Falls. Pas- sengers from the Clifton House can be brought by the cars down to this town with- out crossing to the American shore, and embark on board the " City of Toronto " i^ere. NIAGARA. iHIS is one of the oldest towns in Ontario, and was formerly the capital of the Province. It is situated where the old town of Newark stood, and is opposite to Youngstown. It faces the river on one side, and Lake Ontario on the other. The trade of this place has been largely diverted to St. Catharines since the completion of the Welland Canal ; and the other towns upon the Niagara River have suffered in common from the same cause. Its surroundings are full of varied and historical interest. The Queen's Royal Niagara Hotel, under the brock's monument. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 123^ management of Mr. Winnett (of the firm of McGaw & Winnett, of the Queen's Hotel, Toronto) is open for guests during the summer season. Almost immediately after leaving Niagara village, we pass between the two Forts, Niagara and Massasauga, the former garrisoned by American troops and the latter, in by-gone days, by the soldiers of Her Majesty Queen Victoria. These two forts are so close together, that it is said, on a calm night, the watch-words as given by the troops on changing guard could be heard distinctly from one side to the other, across the water. FORT NIAGARA. This fort stands at the mouth of the Niagara River on the American side. There are many interesting asso- ciations connected with this spot. Dur- ing the earlier part of the past century, it was the scene of many severe con- flicts between the Whites and the In- dians, and subse- quently between the English and the French. The names of the heroic La Salle, the courtly De Nouville, and the gallant Pri- deaux, will long retain a place in the history of this country. The village adj ;- cut to the Fort is called Youngstown, in honour of ts founder, the late John Young, Esq. Within the last few years important repairs have been mad'' around the Fort, and the entire wall has been FORT NIAGAKA. VI 124 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. <:onstructed anew. Here was fought the battle of rhe 24 h July 1757, in which Prideaux. the En<.lish General, fell and after which the French garrison surrendered to bir Wilham Johnson, who succeeded to the command of tn^ Jbngltsh. From this point we strike out into the lake, and in the centre almost lose sight of the land behind, before we discern the city of Toronto, immediately in front of us. A T^ ?!" '^'^'"'"^^ ^'■^"^ ^^"^ '•^^t^^ is ^^'•y fine indeed, and Its public buildings and wharves shew it to be a city ot importance and prosperity. TORONTO S the Capital of the Province of Ontario and one of the most flourishing cities in the Dominion. It is situated on a beautiful bay separated from the lake ^y a peninsula known as Gibraltar Point, which serves to torm a safe and well-sheltered harbor. The tourist will doubtless desire to remain in Toronto tor a day or two, and visit the points of interest. We will, therefore, direct him where we can assure him of every comfort and attention. The " Queen's " Hotel is hrst-class in all its appointments, and is situated near the Bay on Front street. The Rossin House, corner of Vork and King streets, also offers good inducement, and IS largely patronized by commercial men. Between these we leave our tourists to choose for themselves, confidently stating that at either house they will be well cared for. Toronto was formerly called York, but once more re- sumed Its original Indian name in 1834. Its streets are broad and well laid out, and the city generally is built of a hght-colored brick, of a soft, pleasing tini. Its public All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 125' O 'A H O O a! H O o w 126 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide, buildings are very substantial, and many of them beau- tiful. It is the seat of Law and Provincial Government, and the headquarters of the Educational Department of the Province. The principal buildings are Osgoode Hall (named after the first Chief-Justice of the Province) a fine structure, classic in its design ; the Lieut.-Governor's mansion, a princely residence ; the Normal School and Trinity College, both fine edifices. The University is one of the finest buildings in America, and estimated second to none on this side of the Atlantic as a seat of learning. The style of architecture is Norman, with such slight deviations as the climate demands. It is beauti fully situated in Queen's Park, a noble public park whose avenues are ornamented with stately trees, and adorned by a monument of Her Majesty Queen Victoria and that erected in honor of the Toronto Volunteers who fell during the first Fenian Raid in 1866. The Lunatic Asylum, Custom House, Merchants Exchange. Govern- ment School of Technology, the new Post Office are all worthy the notice of the tourist. There are over 50 churches, and about 1 5 banks, and many of these edifices are strikingly beautiful. The manufacturing interests are very great, and almost every branch of industry is here carried on in its perfection. Its fine harbor affords great facilities for extensive traffic, and lines of steamers run daily to all ports East and West. Five lines of rail- way also connect the city with all places of importance. The Toronto Medical and Electro-Therapeutic Institution. The tourist in qi;est of health would be amply repaid by a visit to this famous sanitarium, situated at the corner of Gerrard and Jarvis Streets, diagonally opposite A 11- Round Route and Panoramic Guide 127 the First Jiaptist Church. The accompanying wood-cut will give the reader a pretty correct idea of its exterior. It has been justly described as " a commodious, extensive and beautiful building," and is a credit to the two finest streets in the city, at the intersection of which it stands. Opened about five years ago by its present proprietors M 128 AU-Koiiitii NoHtf tifiH Panoramic Cluiiie. oil a compaiativoly luimblc scale, it lias since In-on twin- tMilar^;o(l to nu-t-t the m|iiircmeiitH of an cvcr-incrcasin^r business; ami at the time «)f this writing a still finthei adilition is ai)|)ro;uhin^ eompletion, in the sliapc of separate sittii^; ami tieatment rooms, &c., for gentlemen, which will |rive ^;iealer space in the main' htn'ldin^r f,„- the use of the ladies' department. A steam laundry is also just fmished, and provided with all modern con- veniences, For tiic cndurin^r thrift and popularity indicat(Ml by these successive enlarKtMnents there must be, of course, a suHicient and substantial cause ; and this is to be found in the marvels which have been wrouj^ht in the cure t)f ilisease — in many iiHtances where the case had been pronounced hopeless combined with the intei;rit>', ct)urtesy,anil good business manaj.;ement of the proprie- tors and their assistants. The Institute is fitted up with the .special view of en- ablin.i;- invalids to live t)n the premi'ses and receive treat- ment, whether sur«;ical, medical, or otherwise. The physicians contine themselves to no one system of treat- ment, but use whatever remedies promi.sc the be.st results. While I'Ma-TKHirY, in various forms and combinations, is the i;reat si)ecialty, appliances have been ppcured for .Uivin;; almost every kind of br.th favourably known, including galvanic, vapour, hot air, mineral, rain, spray! doucae, sitz and full baths. A feature of this establish- \\\^\\^ u'hich xcUl rcammcitd itself peculiarly to ladies, is that here the diseases of women are treated by eminent htdy physicians. The ladies' department is situated on the main floor, where a variety of baths and electric appliances are in constant use. The central division of this floor is occu- All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 129 pied by consultation roorns, waitinj^ rooms and offices ; while the corner division is fitted up with parlors and reception rooms. In the basement are placed the baths and douches useil in the water tn;itnient, together with the MKniCATKf) HATHS. In another portion of the base- ment is the brij^ht and airy dining-room, and adjacent to it the culinary de] tmcnt. The upper floors are divided into bedrooms, which afford accommodation for numerous guests ; and every room in the establishment, from the kitchen to the dining-room, parlors and bed- rooms, is handsomely furnished neat and homelike. The building' is well shaded, and provided with a large balcony and grounds for exercise, while in the rear of the latter are found the new and pleasant rooms for gentlemen, the office of the business manager, the boiler- room, laundry, &c. ' We observe that the Canadian and American press speak in highly eulogistic terms of this popular " Health Resort," and some papers have endeavoured to define its object and indicate its methods of treatment, but no more exact description of it can be given than is fur- nished in the following paragraph from the circular issued by the proprietors : — " The Toronto Medical and Electro-Therapeutic In- stitute is not a water cure, nor a diet cure, rest cure, •air cure, movement cure, nor infirmary where drugs are relied upon, for the reason that not any one of these names is an exponent oiits leading idea. It is a Hygienic institute, in which all the natural agencies, as air, water, food, sunlight, electncity, exercise, rest, and recreation are brought into use for the restoration of the sick ; where obedience to the laws of one's organism is enjoined as one of the first requisites for recovery. It is a PLEASANT 9 ^. ^f^"^- SMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-^3) /. /% .^\ // *5^V^ 1.0 Li 12.8 150 *'* ^^ MO ■•> Ki Ui z: U4 I.I ■lUU L2I |l.4 1.6 6" W /a / > 'V:> !^ s> %^^. >^ ^^ F •^^- V Sciences Corporation 33 WeSI MAIN STREET WEBSTE9,N.Y. MSSO (716) 872-4503 ,^ ^ ^4t MS. 'A 130 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. HOME FOR INVALIDS, where they can find not only pleasant surroundings, home comforts, and skilful nurs- ing, but skilful and scientific treatment by experienced and^thoroughly educated physicians, aided by all the remedial agents, processes and appliances known to the medical profession." All'Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 181 Having viewed Toronto, we arrange for the continua- tion of our tour eastward, which ma)" be done either by boat or rail. If we choose the former, we avail ourselves of the superior accommodation afforded by the boats of the Richelieu & Ontario Navigation Co. (Royal Mail), which leave their wharf daily for Montreal. Travellers , can go on board, obtain their state-rooms, and make the passage of the Lake; but "as variety is charming," our tourists can, if they prefer it, go as far as Kingston by the Grand Trunk Railway, on one of the Pullman Palace Cars, which are now attached to both day and night trains upon this railway, and there take the steamer. This is one of the advantages of taking a joint ticket at Niagara Falls, which enables the holder to travel by either rail or boat, and in this way the option of con- veyance is with the passenger, giving him the opportu- nity of consulting his own convenience or inclination, after arrival at Toronto. Tourists arriving from Niagara Falls can have a few hours in Toronto, take the evening train, and reach Kingston in time to connect with the steamer which left Toronto the same day. For a short distance, the train runs along the banks of the Lake, which is then lost sight of altogether. After leaving Toronto, the first place of any importance we come to is PORT HOPE, which is situated sixty-three miles from Toronto. A small stream, that here falls into the Lake, has formed a valley, in which, and on the rising hills beyond, the town is situated. The harbor formed at the mouth of this stream is one of the best on the Lake. Port Hope is a very pretty town. On the western side, the hills rise gradually one above another, the highest summit, called 132 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. " Fort Orton," affording a fine prospect, and overlooking the country for. a great distance around. The town is incorporated, and contains over 6,000 inhabitants. COBOURG lies 6 miles belov/ Port Hope. It Is a town of 5,000 in- habitants, and is situated in the centre of an exceedingly fertile section of the country. Its harbor is safe and commodious, and a large quantity of grain, iron ore, etc.,, is annually exported. It is very prettily laid out, and its streets are adorned with numerous elegant residences and public buildings, including the Town Hall and Vic- toria College (Wesleyan). The train stops about a quarter of an hour, to give travellers the opportunity of partaking of a very acceptable meal, that is ready for them in the Refreshment R.oom at the Station. The tourist or business man will receive at the Ar- lington House every comfort and attention. From Cobourg a branch line runs up into the back-countrj- to Peterborough. Having satisfied the wants of the "inner man," we resume our seats and pass onward to BELLEVILLE, a town of considerable importance situated on the Bav of Quinte, 44 miles from Cobourg. This town has rapid- ly grown during the past few years, and has now a population of over 7,000. ° It is well built, lit with gas, and possesses a fine harbor with an almost unlimited water power. It is the capital of the county of Hastings, and contains, besides the county buildings, many very handsome stores and churches, with a college, a convent,, and very extensive factories and saw mills. ADVERTISEMENTS. ROUND {SUNO Pkm HOUSE. •-:^*i^ ^^^ ^=-^==j -lEvs, -'\5S5a% ft. ^ Sil r sBigas=^:g^j, '1 : j ■)»f f ■i, 1 ilMl 4 % *■'■■- rrrti . 'ft* ' ^■- ..^^ IS MAGMIFICIHT HEW HOTEL lins the finest location on the upper St. Lawrence, the matchless scenery of which is msihlejrom every room. It is over 200 feet lonff, 58 feet wide tour stories high above the basement, and has a GRAND PIAZZA, 25 FT HIGH AND OVERiJOO FT. LONG, pverlooliing the surrounding scenery. The observatory is 150 feet above the water, and affords a view of Kingston, Clayton, Thonsand Island Park, Alexan- dria Bay, Hub House, Oliff House, a score of islands in front, vast f-heets of water, and the immense pleasure and business activity which characterizes the summer navigation of the St. Lawrence. This Hotel offers FIRST- CLASS ACCO.MMODATIOVS TO 400 GUESTS. Its large and pleasant apartments are newly furnished and well ventilated, numerous livery boats with or without experienced oarsmen ; the vicinity of such FISHING and' HUNTING as to satisfy the most particular sportsman ; the half-hour fK.ries which ply between its docks and Clayton and Thousand Island Park.; Post. Kxpt-ess and Telegraph Offices ; the various stores of the island, the graded avenues for drives, the walks for pedestrians, all united with social conveniences and religious privileges, offer unsurpassed attractions to the seeker after Health, Rest and Enjoyment The bounties of the Table will include the substantials, delicacies and luxuries of the season. No liquor .sold at the hotel and none allowed to be sold on the island. RATES - - - $2.00 to $2.60 PER DAY. GEO. L. DAVIS, Supt., CLAY'TON, N. Y. m I ADVERTISEMENTS. wPSME sj m i IT/ — AND — ST. IIWBIICB BITEB. ALEXANDRIA BAY^ N. Y. First-class i7t all its Appoiittmenis. RATES, $l.60 PER D^Y. 'first-class sample rooms in connectiox with iiotkl. Thi^ Advertimment is given to cmdion the Pvhiic agahwt misvepvesentations of this Hotel by other interests. HADSAIL & WILMOT, Proprietors. A. W. IIADSALL A. R. WILMOT. I* ST. Y. tents. IIOTKL. itfivestn. VILMOT. All' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 133 KIUaSTON. which after.Quebec and Halifax has the strongest fort in the Dominion. A settlement was begun here by the French under Governor De Courcelles in 1672, and was known as Fort Cataraqui. Subsequently a massive stone fort was erected by Count de Frontenac and received his name. This Fort was alternately in the possession of the French and the Indians, until it was destroyed by the expedition under Col. Bradstreet, in 1758. In 1762, the place fell into the hands of the English, from whom it received its present name. Kingston is 172 miles from Montre?il, and at this point we purpose leaving the train, and continue our journey by water. In order to reach the boat, the om- nibusses in waiting at the station will convey us to the city, which is distant about one mile. The best hotel in the city is the British American ; W. Davis, proprietor. The steamer which leaves Toronto in the afternoon is due early next morning, thereby enabling the tourist to view all the scenery down to Montreal by daylight. Leaving Kingston, we find ourselves entering amidst that wonderful and beautiful collection of isles known as THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. These islands commence near Kingston, and extend downward to Brockville, a distance of over 50 miles. They form the most numerous collection of river islands in the world, and consist of about i,8cx) woody and rocky islets of every imaginable shape, size and appearance, some being mere dots of rock a few yards in extent, others covering acres, thickly wooded, and presenting the most charming appearance of rich foliage conceiv- 134 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 135 able. At times our vessel passes so close to these islands, that a pebble might be cast on their shores ; while look- ing ahead, it appears as though further progress was effectually barred, when rounding the points amid wind- ing passages and bays, the way is gradually opened before us. Again the river seems to come to an abrupt termination. Approaching the threatening shores, a channel suddenly appears, and you are whirled into a magnificent amphitheatre of lake, that is, to all appear- ance, bounded by an immense green bank. At your approach the mass is moved as if in a kaleidoscope, and FORT HENRY — MARTBL1.0 TOWBR, CEDAR ISLAND. LIGHTHOUSE ON ONE OF THE THOUSAND ISLANDS. * a hundred little isles appear in its place. Such is the charming scenery presented on this beautiful route. It is a famous spot for sporting ; myriads of wild fowl of all descriptions may here be found ; and angling is rather fatiguing than otherwise, from the great quantity and size of the fish. On one of these islands Mr. George M. Pullman, of palace car fame, has erected a handsome summer villa. These islands, too, have been the scene of the most . exciting romance. From their great number, and the labyrinth-like channels among them, they afforded an admirable retreat for the insurgents in the Canadian in- surrection of 1837, and for the American sympathizers. 136 All-Round Route atid Panoramic Guide. with them, who, under the questionable name of " patriots." sought to overthrow the British government in Canada. Among these was one man, who, from his daring and ability, became an object of anxious pur- suit by the Canadian authorities. Here he found a safe asylum, and through the devotedness and courage of his daughter, whose skilful management of her canoe was such, that with hosts of pursuers she still baffled their efforts at capture, while she supplied him with provisions in these solitary retreats, rowing him from one place of concealment to another, under the shadow of night VIEWS AMONG THS THOUSAND ISLANDS. But, in truth, all the islands which are so numerously studded through the whole chain of the .magnificent Lakes, abound with materials for romance and poetry and many are the traditions of the Indians. For in- stance on the Manitoulin Islands, the Indians believe that the "Manitou." that is the Great Spirit, (and hence . the name of the islands,) has forbidden his children to seek for gold ; and they tell you that a certain point where it is reported to exist in large quantities lias never been visited by the disobedient Indian without his canoe being overwhelmed in a tempest. All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 137 THE THOUSAND ISLES. • RY HON. CALEB LYON. The THOirsAND Islks, the Thousand Isles, Dimpled the wave around them smiles, Kissed by a thousand red-lipped flowers. Gemmed by a thousand emerald bowers. A thousand birds their praises wake. By rocky glade and plumy brake, A thousand cedars' fragrant shade Falls whers the Indian's children played; And fancy's dream my heart beguiles While singing thee, the Thousand Isle*. No Vestal Virgin guards their grovei. No Cupid breathes of Cyprian loves. No satyr's form at eve is seen. No dryad peeps the trees between, No Venus rises from their shore, No loved Adonis, red with gore. No pale Endymion, wooed to sleep. No brave Leander breasts their deep, No Ganymede, no Pleiades — Theirs are a New World's memories. The flag of France first o'er them hung. The mass was said, the vespers sung. The freres of Jesus hailed the strands. As blessed Virgin Mary's lands ; And red men mutely heard, surprised. Their heathen names all christianized. Next floated a banner with cross and crown ; 'Twas Freedom's eagle plucked it down. Retaining its pure and crimson dyes With the stars of their own, their native skies. There St. Lawrence gentlest flows. There the south wind softest blows. There the lilies whitest bloom. There the birch uath leafiest gloom, There the red deer feed in spring. There doth glitter wood -duck's wing. There leap the maskinonge at morn. There the loon's night song is borne. There is the fisherman's paradise. With trolling skifl;" at red sunrise. The Thousand Isles, the Thousand Isles, Their charm from every care beguiles, Titian alone hath grace to paint The triumph of their patron saint. Whose waves return on memory's tide; Le Salle and Piquet side by side, I'll 138 All~Round Route and Panoramic Guid^i, Proud Frontenac and bold Champlain There act their wanderings o'er again ; And while their gojden sunlight smiles. Pilgrims shall greet thee. Thousand Isles. Opposite the Thousand Islands, and on the American shore, stands the village of CLAYTON, a place of considerable importance as a lumbering port. Square timber and staves are here made up into large rafts, and floated down the St. Lawrence to Montreal and Quebec. These rafts are often very large, and, as they require a great number of men to navigate them the huts erected for their shelter give them, as they pass down the river, the appeara,nce of small villages. Many of the steamers and other craft that navigate Lake Ontario are built here. ALEXANDRIA BAY is the next port after leaving Clayton. It is built upon a massive pile of rocks, and it. situation is romantic and highly picturesque. It is a place of resort of sportsmen. Some two or three miles below the village is a position from whence one hundred islands can be seen at one view. We have now passed through the "Lake' of a Thou- sand Islands," and leaving behind us the last of the great chain of lakes, we enter the River St. Lawrence, and speedily find ourselves at the thriving town of BROCKYILLE, 125 miles from Montreal. It is on the Canadian side of the river, and is buitt on an elevation which rises from the shore m a succession -f graceful ridges, being one of the prettiest towns in Canada. It received its name in All' Round Route and Panoramic Guidi 131> honor of the hero, General Brock, who fell at Queenston in 1 8 12. It was laid out about 1 802, and has grown rapidly since that date. It contains a number of public buildings, and is largely interested in manufactures. The population is about 7,000. OaDEKSBXJRa Is situated on the American side of the river. In the year 1748, the Abbe Fran9ois Piquet, who was afterwards styled the " Apostle of the Iroquois," was sent to estab- lish a mission at this place, as many of the Inr* "ans of that tribe had manifested a desire of embracing Chris- tianity. A settlement was begun in connection with this mission, and a fort, called " La Presentation," was built at the mouth of the Oswegatchie, on the west side. The remains of the walls of this Fort are still to be seen. In October, 1749,11 was attacked by a band of Mohawk Indians, who, although bravely repulsed, succeeded in destroying the palisades of the fort, and two of the ves- sels belonging to the colony. The Abbe Piquet retired from the settlement soon after the conquest of Canada^ returning to France, where he died in 1781. Ogdens- burg has increased rapidly within the past few years, and has now a population of over 8,000. The Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad which runs to Lake Champlain, a distance of one hundred and eighteen miles, and which connects at Rouse's Point with the railroad to Boston and Montreal, has its terminus here. The New Erkgland Transportation Co.'s Steam- ers, formerly known as the Collingwood line, connect here with the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Rail- way. i'! I;!' 140 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. PRE5C0TT is situated on the Canada side of the St. Lawrence opposite Ogdensburg. and contains 3,000 inhabitants' About a mile be- ^ — low the town of Prescott,ataplace called "Wmdmill Point," are the ruins of an old stone windmill where, in 1837, the - Patriots," under w..m.. po..: Vcn-Schultz, a Polish exile, established themselves, but from which they were driven with severe loss. About five „.,es below Prescott is Chimney Island, on which the remams of an old French fortification is to be seen. The first rapid of the St. Lawrenee is at this island At Prescott, those intending to visit Ottawa will leave the boat. Ottawa, the Capital of the Dominion, is fifty, lour mi.es distant from Prescott, and the journey to it is performed by railway in three hours. We can confi- dent y recommend this detour, on account of the claims of Ottawa Itself, of which more anon. Tourists wishing to make this trip can ol?tain return tickets at moderate fares, and join the steamer again at Prescott the following morning, and descend the rapids o Montreal, which is by far the most exciting portion of the whole journey. Continuing our journey down the river, the next town ontheAmericansideisWaddington; and in the river ov^er against it is Ogden Island. On the Canada side is Mornsburg, which contains about twelve hundred in- nabitants. A chr.ff Hi'^fanrf^ 1--1- at • 1 --. -_ -!..,,, uiciance dcIuw Mornsburg, on the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 141 Canada side, is Chrysler's Farm, where, in 1813, a battle was fought between the English and the Americans. Thirty miles below Ogdensburg is Louisville, from whence stages run to Massena Springs, a place of popular resort and of beautiful surroundings, distant about 7 miles. LOUG SAULT. The increasing swiftness of the current of the river soon "eveals to us the fact, that we are about to enter the first of those remarkable and celebrated Rapids of the St. Lawrence. " Shooting the rapids " (as this portion of the voyage is termed) is a most exciting scene, but no one need fear the undertaking, as fatal accidents have been comparatively unknown. The rapid we now enter is known as the "Long Sault," so called from its extent,. VIEW IN THE LONG SAULT. it being a continuous rapid of nine miles, divided in the centre by an island. The usual passage for steamers is on the south side. The channel on the north side was formerly considered unsafe and dangerous ; but exami- nations have been made, and it is now descended with safety. The passage in the southern channel is very narrow, and such is the velocity of the current that a raft, it is said, will drift the nine miles in forty minutes. The first passage made by a steamer down these ra- 142 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. celebrated Indian, named Teronhiahere The rapids of the '■ Long Sault " rush along at the rate of something like twenty miles an hour When the TZ BAPTISTS, AN ,TOIAN PILOT. STBEEIKO A STEAMER DOWN THE RAVID, OP THE ST. LAWRENCE. sel enters within their influence, the steam is shut off and she is carried onwards by the force of the stream alone. The surging waters present all the angry appear- d-... oi !«.. Ov.^-ax« III ii btorm; the noble boat strains and All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 143 a labors ; but unlike the ordinary pitching and tossing at sea, this going down hill by water produces a highly novel sensation, and is, in fact, a service of some danger, the imminence of which is enhanced to the imagination by the tremendous roar of the headlong, boiling current. Great nerve force and precision are here required in pi- loting, so as to keep the vessel's head straight with the course of the rapid ; for if she diverged in the least, pre- senting her side to the current, or " broached to," as the nautical phrase is, she would be instantly capsized and submerged. Hence the necessity for enormous power over her rudder. While descending the rapids a tiller is attached to the ruddpr itself, so that the til- ler can be manned as well as the wheel. Some idea may I be entertained of the force necessary to keep the vessel steady, while descending a RAFT DESCENDING THE RAPIDS. Tapid, whctt It rcqulrcs four men at the wheel and two at the tiller to ensure safe steering. At the head of the rapids is a village of some 300 in- habitants and known as Dickinson's Landing. Cornwall, ENTRANCE TO CORNWALL. DICKINSON'S LANDING. a pleasant town, is below the rapids at the entrance to the canal of the same name. 144 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, ipi^m^wri^ All-Rouud Route and Panoramic Guide. 145 33 After passing this place, the course of the St. Lawrence is entirely within Her Majesty's dominions. '' ST. REGIS, an old Indian village, lies six miles below Cornwall, on the opposite side of the river. It contains a Catholic Church which was built about the year xyoQ. LAKE ST. FRANCIS is the name of an expansion of the St. Lawrence which begins near Cornwall and St. Regis, and extends to Coteau du Lac, a distance of forty miles. The surface of this lake is interspersed with a great number of small islands. The village of Lancaster is situated on the northern side, about midway, of this Lake. COTEAU DU LAC is a small village situated at the foot of Lake St. Francis, The name as well as the style of the buildings denotes its French origin. It is also known as St. Ignace. Just below the village are the Coteau Rapids. CEDARS. This village presents the same marks of Freneh origin as Coteau du Lac. The village is situated nearly op- posite the Coteau Rapids. In the exp^stton of Gen. Amherst (1759) a detach- ment of three xmndred men, that were sent to attack Montreal, were lost in the rapids near this place. The passage through these rapids is very exciting. There is 10 146 AU-Rouud Route and Pauoratmc Guide. AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 147 a peculiar motion of the vessel, which in descending seems like settling down, as she glides from one ledge to another. In passing the rapids of the Split Rock, a person unacquainted with their navigation will almost involuntarily hold his breath until this ledge of rocks, which is distinctly seen from the deck of the steamer, is passed. At one time the vessel seems to be running directly upon it, aad you feel certain that she will strike ; but a skillful hand is at the helm, and in an instant more it is passed in safety. CEDAR RAPIDS. BEAIJHARNOIS is a small village at the foot of the Cascades, on the right bank' of the River. Here vessels enter the Beauharnois canal and pass around the rapids of the Cascades, Ce- dars and Coteau, into Lake St. Louis, a distance of four- teen miles. On the north bank, a branch. of the Otta- wa enters into the St. Law- rence. The river again wi- CASCADES FROM KNT.'*ANCH TO BBAUHAK- NOIS CANAL. dens into a lake called the St. Louis. From this place a viev/ is had of Montreal Mountain, nearly thirty miles dis- tant. In this lake is an island, beautifully cultivated, and belonging to the Grey Nunnery at Montreal. There are many islands in the vicinity of Montreal belonging to — ^..^..51 «!viiiHc;ijn,j, diivj ii\jiii vviiiv.!! nicy ucnvc iarffe revenues. m 148 All-Round Route and Panoramic Ginde. LACHINE. This village is nine miles from Montreal, with which it is connected by railroad. It derived its name from the first settlers, who, when they reached this point thought they had discovered the passage which would lead them to China. The Lachine Rapids begin just below the village. The current is here so swift and wild that to avoid it a canal has been cut around the rapids. This canal is a stupendous work, and reflects much credit upon the energy and enterprise of the people of Canada. Opposite to Lachine is the Indian village of CAUGHNAWAGA, lying on the south bank of the river near the entrance of the Lachin e Rapids ^ It is said that the Indians who had been converted by the -._^== Jesuits were called ^^^^^^^ " Caughnawagas," or praying Indians." Hence its name. This was probably a misno- mer, for they were dis- CAUGHNAWAGA VILLAGE. tinguislicd for thclr prc- datory incursions upon their neighbors in the^New Eng- land provinces. The Lachine Rapids, which we now enter, are consi- dered the most dangerous of the series. They are, how- ever, much shorter. Immediately after passing through the rapids, we pass the ancient village of Laprairie, on the south shore of the river. This place is interesting from the fact that the first railway in British North America was constructed frem here to St. John's in \^i6. It was first run by horses, then by.steam^ but was" dls- I A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. W% wmmm 160 ^U-Ro-^nd Route .„d Pa„ora,nk Guuie ' the Grand Trunk a T "^^' ""'^ ^ P°'-«°" <><" Montreal three «L da rCJ^^r,*"^ ^'"^^^ «° under Victoria Brid,e,tiU'~itht^r "^ a railway wharf by the Grand Trunk I-,! *' the erection of the Bridge. WearenLdT !r' """' '" the city of Montrea' fh. ^^'^''j' °PPOS'te most importa" p Te'in the nr""'' "''"P'^"'' ''"'' nvai theU-at^n^::" ttX""sot:' ^th': overgrown cities of the Old World sidf thrp'^".'","^ '■"' passengers, the steamers run alone "altnd'^rrrnatrTcjL^S^^^^^^ ver^rr^i''""'"* *' excitement of shooting the se veral Rap.ds, we would inform our tourist that i„ „ J to overcome those natural barrier? io the ^L^" com' We shall now proceed with such of our party as de s.re to visit the Capital of the Dominion. ^ MOHTREAL TO OTTAWA. Securing tickets at Montreal, by the Ottawa Navigation Company itverthTn " '° '"'" *^ '™''" '° Machine, which «ives the Bonaventure Street Depot every mcrnine- Sundays excepted), at 7..S p. m. o'clock, "^ndhrf steppmg on board the steamer •• Prince of Wales, CaS AlU Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 151 H. W. Shepherd, sail up the river. By this last route, we have a better opportunity of seeing the beautiful scenery of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, where they first meet It is a bright morning, and the sun glances slantingly along the majestic waters, tinging with golden light the tips of the wavelets as they rise, one after the other, to greet his rays. A faint mist, like a delicate veil, spreads over the bosom of the river, on which one or two islets repose, as childhood sleeps on its mother's bosom, yet it does not conceal the enchanting beauty of the scene, but adds grace and loveliness to the charms, which it vainly strives to hide. It is spon dis- solved, and the light breeze which has sprung up, carries it all away. Away we go, stemming the current, until in due time, we reach Ste. Anne's, where are a succession of rapids which we avoid by going through a lock. More islets are here, round which the Ottawa bubbles and struggles in its course, while the pretty village of Ste. Anne's re- poses in quiet beauty upon the bank. This village is considered the starting point for the Ottawa River, by all orthodox voyageurs, as the last church on the island of Montreal is situated here, and is, moreover, dedicated to their tutelary saint, from whom also the village takes its name. Emerging from the canal, again we enter the Ottawa, having left the St. Lawrence far astern, and after sailing about two miles, we find the shores recede on either hand, to about eight miles wide, and this recession continues for a distance of ten miles ; for we are in the lake of the Two Mountains, so called from two moun- tains on the north side, rising four to five hundred feet from the water. The river divides here into four 152 AU-RouHd Route and Panoramic Guide. branches, that wh.ch we have just come up. another which diverges towards the north-ea,st, and forms the InT.. n 'Z' °^ "*" '"'=""' °f *'°"'^"'. 'he third called the Dutchman's Chenal, and the fourth passing Vaudreuil around the Isle Perrot There is the Isle Jesus, Bnd beside it Pigeon's Island, on which are the agamst the incursions of the Indians, the French built a fort on the sland of Montreal, opposite to the village, but both village and fort have now fallen into decay, and arge trees are growing inside the ruined walls of the Hon J. J. C. Abbott, M. P., upon which he has built a beautiful villa where h. pass* the summer months. A few miles further on we arrived at a fine wharf named Oka, situated m the Indian Village of the Two Moun- tains. This village is inhabited by the remnants of two tribes the Iroquois and the Algonquin,, as the village of Caughnawaga, opposite to Lachine, is by a remnant of the Iroquois. A Roman Catholic Church divides the side. The highest peak of the Mountain is called Calvary and on certain religious fetes of the Church "it i, fre' quented by both whites and Indians. Now we s.„, ,.. the villagesof Como and Hudson. Both these f . . : arc zhl resor tof some of our Montreal friends, who pass the sum! Lake'Tl T ■■ m""' ""■■ '■^■""'•^^ A' *^ "ead of the Lake, f the Two Mountains the banks contract, so that UnIT "' *"°" *'" '^''^ '"''^ '" «'''^*' -" '•' con- tinues n ... narrow, for about a mile, when there is again an expans«m, for the length of nine mil.s f.r^J^T All- Round Route and Panorauik Guide. 153 Upper Lake of the Two Mountains. On the southern bank is the mountain Rigaud, where there is also a settlement of the same name. The river again contracts to the breadth of half a mile, and continues, sometimes broader, sometimes as narrow, until we reach Carillon. Great improvements have been made at this place by the Railway Company, by building new wharves and station houses, and here again the navigation is impeded by rapids. A railroad has been formed between the two stretches of navigable water, and by it we arrive at Grenville, whence we proceed by the steamer " Peerless," (Captain Bowie,) to L'Original, seven miles distant About 8 miles from L'Orignal, situated in the midst of a most charming country, is the most famous watering- place of Canada, the celebrated CALEDONIA SPRINGS. a place of much importance, which demands more than a mere passing notice. Certainly these Springs should be ranked among the wonders of the world. They are three in number, possessing the most valuable and remarkable remedial properties, each of a perfectly different nature to the others, and all rising within a few feet of each other ; two of them only four feet apart. The Wh'te Sulphur Spring is the only genuine one of that character known to exist north of Virginia, while it is doubtful if there is any Spring whatever of the nature and efficacy of the other two, known as the Saline and the Gas Springs. Many analyses have at different times been made by distinguished persons ; the following is that made by Dr. Sterry Hunt, of the Canadian Government Geolo- i 154 All~Round Route and Panoramic Guide. gical Department under Sir Wm. Logan, in his report upon them : ... ^ THE GAS SPRING. U.scharRc four gallons per minute; gas evolved, carburetted hydrogen ,00 cubic .nchesper n,.„ute; pleasantly saline to the t.ste ; by exposure deposits wh^; S.:': of earthy carbonates; reaction distinctly alkaline. THE SALINE SPRING. .tro;S"sdrt'''"''""^'''°"\'^ discharge, ten gallons per „,inute; less Jutcvllf '■eacc.on more strongly alkaline; contains no sulphuretted hydrogen, but evolves a small qu-^ntity of carburettcd hydrogen. THE WHITE SULPHUR SPRING feehr'l^*"*'"'''"'"' '"""" ^'■°'" '^^ '"'' ^P""S= discharge.' four gallons a minute - S^:rr:;;::;^i:::;:..^-----'----t^rs in Rheuman; ANALYSIS. 1. Chloride of Sodium ,8?,«o "1^ ^"'"^ ^""">"'- 2. Chloride of Potassium ^V.V'l *S.o863o 26.90.00 3. Bromide of Sodium '. ^',^8 .20720 .16100 4- Carbonate of Lime ■■" ,'°l" "^72 07028 I- " Soda ::;:■■■■ ' ?,^ -^^^so 1.47000 *•• " Magnesia.... '^g^^o ''^"4° 319660 7. " Iron 3-68340 3.62068 2.05800 8- , *■ Manganese.;;.";:: ^''?."="- traces. 9- Iodide of Sodium. ' ' ■^;;:: lo. Sulphate of Soda. . . 37» .0x022 "• ^, " Potash V.:".;;:". "oieAe ;• -"^sj 12. Alumina 3&90 -03360 13- Silica •°3°S° Traces. ,01865 14- Carbonic Acid . -21700 .29750 .58800 »S- Water . ^•443oo 2.04400 .98790 ^^43-11453 6946.52588 6964,42726 Carbomc Acid in xooo cubic inches... '^'TT T.T° "^-"""^ Solid Matter in 1000 parts ^'^ ^'7 7.2 Temperature of Water ; ^"7775 7-347 4.9406 Temperature of Air .. : I'^'^o 45" 460 Specific Gravity . °'-7 60" 60S ar^:s::rsr^t;s:E^r;r^^^^ • ponent parts bee'n discoverldrce' th;^^ fiittrn:'^"^'^ ^" ''"' ^"^''^^ ^°'"- The advantages derived by the use of White Sulphur waters, wherever occurring, by drinking and bathing are universally admitted, but the pre-eminence of the Caledonia water rests in the peculiar combination of its rare medicinal qualities, and this water, employed with the Saline and Gas waters— of totally different medicinal natures, and all rising within a few feet of each other- according to the regimen prescribed at the Springs, afford Ail-Round Roitte and Panoramic Guide. 155 ort :ubic nent less Jte; atic a specific for a wider range of affections and a prompti- tude in relief seldom to be met with elsewhere. Of hundreds of persons yearly brought to Caledonia Springs by their necessities, it is safe to say that in no case diagnosed by a competent physician as coming under one of the heads of disease for which the waters are claimed as a specific, has relief failed to be met with, but, on the contrary, radical cure is the rule, and with a speediness surprising as well as pleasing to the patient. In all cases of chronic rheumatism, gout, neuralgia, chorea, cutaneous diseases, chlorosis, barrenness, diseases of the eyes, skin, bladder, kidneys, liver and blood, con- stipation, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, want of sleep, fatigue, mental anxiety, vertigo, and in the eradication of mercury from the system, the efficacy of the Caledonia Waters will be found. The best medical advice is always available at the Springs, and persons doubtful of the efficacy of the waters in particular cases, are invited, before coming on, to correspond with the regular attending physician, James Mcintosh, Esq., M.D., M. C. P. & S., at Vankleek Hill, or during the season at Caledonia Springs, who will carefully consider each case and frankly state if a benefic is to be derived by the use of the waters or not, and thus perhaps be the means of saving many the expense of a fruitless journey, or reassure others, as the case may be. Dr. Mcintosh, from an experience of sixteen years of the Caledonia Waters, is enabled to speak with the greatest confidence as to their action. Of course, each case will require its special mode of treatment, but the ordinary manner in which the Cale- donia waters are used is much as follows : The first thino- on rising in the morning, two or more tumblers of 11 li 156 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. " Saline " water are drank ; if an interval is then allowed before breakfasting, particularly if employed in walking or other exercise, a hearty appetite will have developed Itself : after breakfast, the water will operate with a grate- ful gentleness and comfort possibly never before known. The sulphur bath is then usually taken ; this is of such temperature as may be considered proper, according to the nature of the case, and may not be necessary more than once in two or three days— certainly not oftener than once a day. For such cases as may require it, the vapor bath is available, and is much used by the more robust. During the day, drinking the sulphur water is in order, at the same spring from which the water for bath- ing is taken ; this acts on the blood, kidneys, bladder etc. In about a fortnight the system becomes impregnated with Its qualities, but at least three weeks are required to be devoted to the springs to receive permanent benefit. At night the principal water used is the " Gas," which is said to induce happy dreams, and is the great dyspeptic water, many such sufferers confining themselves to it entirely. No nauseating or uncomfortable feeling follows the drinking of the Caledonia waters ; they seem to be at once absorbed into the system and to produce only an exhilarating feeling ; their taste is most palatable from the first, and their marvellous brilliance most inviting. The invalid, the business man, in search of health or recreation, families desiring suitable summer homes, and the tourist or pleasure seeker, will find the attractions of the Caledonia Springs unrivalled. The healthfulness of the air and the invigorating effects of the waters upon all, and in particular cases their certain efficacy, continue to maintain the reputation pertaining to this popular resort for more than lialf a century past. A 11- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 157 For young children, every advantage of the country retreat is to be here obtained, free from every danger, while the facilities for their amusement in all weathers are most ample. The virtue of the waters appears to impregnate the atmosphere at the Springs, and every benefit to be de- rived from a sojourn at the sea-side is to be here obtained, while the temperature is very equable, rarely reaching a degree to be called excessive. The Grand Hotel, Caledonia Springs, which, with all its appointments ts quite new, has ample accommoda- tion for 300 guests. Bowling alleys, billiard, ball and bar-rooms, are in separate buildings. Magnificent croquet and lawn tennis courts are pro- vided, and convenient walks and drives within the Hotel grounds, together with the thousand and one means of amusement peculiar to the civilized summer resort. The baths are in the main building, and in constant operation day and night, in charge of careful attendants, and the ladies' and gentlemen's departments quice dis- tinct. The entire premises are lighted with gas and heated with steam when required. Extensive laundry and other usual conveniences are maintained in connection. The whole comprises one of the finest summer estab- lishments on the continent, and the management is of the highest standard. Daily mail and telegraph office in the house. From the livery in connection, every description of turn-out can be obtained through the office, and excellent ac- commodation for visitors bringing their own horses. The Grand Hotel is open each year from the first of June to the first of October. wmmk 168 All- Round Route and Pauor ainic Guide, '( in MOUTE S itecT ^CwAF^HOWimijR ^>)^ To The Celebrate )rJALEDONiA Springs, ^^ ^ ^^ CANADA. _ nor O ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ gg^^ QPH STjP HATE "tt #" OTTAA' > # c*N CC^ ^¥^ B. & O. R. R o \ ^►^4 Point ail Chenu 3/c';vv:v: Prescolt RAILWAY Co;7,„ J-'O/c, oe ,Vjec ile li'ay" o.KirjBii "^"f?; e/isburg Totsilam '"«///^ - .C:::^"'^' C£/vr« 'At. VERMONT PlulaQcTinua citowu . SicaHtcion ,<"^ -^ m\ « /^ Oloutn/^lier ^ {While Jlher J^Ds 'On Sarat02;a ^ V ,C'oiicoi t^^ Sclicucct JBdllnton urlcille Tclcrsljui': •A'^ A\'^>^^»'S j«anBA:NY M Ja s Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 159 The bill of fare at the GRAND HOTEL will be found to include the most liberal country diet, as well as the requirements of the nicest gourmet. Every delicacy the city markets afford is promptly and abundantly supplied. No extra charge at the GRAND Hotel to invalids re- quiring meals sent to their rooms. CHARGES AT THE CALEDONIA SPRINGS. The accommodation at the GRAND HOTEL is calcu- lated to meet the wants and means of all. The furnishing throughout is all of the same superior character, though there are single rooms, rooms en suite and private parlors more elaborately provided and for which, also on account of their location, an extra charge is made ; according to the accommodation required, however, the rates foj: transient visitors range from $1.50 to $2.50 per day, while for a week or longer, from $8. to $14. per week only i.5 charged, according to number of weeks. A person or family staying for any considerable period being charged the lowest rates with the best accommodation. Children under 12, half rates, and under 5, in charge of nurses, free, and reduced rates for servants or a number <>^ persons in one party. . The Springs are the property of the GRAND Hotel' Company, and to the guests of which the waters are free. The baths are in the main building of the GliAND HOTEL, for the use of which the guests obtain tickets at 50 cents each, or by the dozen for $5. Caledonia Springs will be found the pleasantest and most economical summer resort to visit that could be desired. ROUTES TO CALEDONIA SPRINGS FROM THE WEST AND SOUTH. Ottawa City should be the objective point . The great stream of summer travel through Ontario, via the Lakes and St. Lawrence river, di^erges at Prescott, after passing all points of interest, for Ottawa, the capital of 160 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. the Dominion where the route is then taken to the Spring, direct, by boat or rail. From the Springs the ra.l can be talcen for Montreal and East, or journey resumed by boat through the magnificent scenery of the (litawa till it enters the St. Lawrence when the great La :hine Rapids arc run before reaching Montred Fran, n,ra,^o.--\-\,.. Richelieu ^. (Jntario Navigation Company's boat, running between Hamilton. L.ronto, Kingston and Prescott. etc. . pass i„« the Thousand Island. THE PIAZZA, GKAND HOTEL. by daylight, leave Toronto daily (Sunday excepted), at 2 p.m., arriving at Prescottnext day at 10 . 30 A . M . Distance, 230 miles . Fare, |6 . 75, including meals and state rooms . From r<,r««^<,._Grand Trunk Railway leaves at 7.02 a.m. and 7.07 p.m., arriving at Prescott 314.40 p.m. and 4.30 a.m. Distance, 221 miles. Fare, $6.65. From Pretcott.— St. Lawrence &* Ottawa Railway leaves at 3.20 a. M 1.35 P m and 4.10 P.M., arriving at Ottawa at 6.00 a.m., 4.00 p.m. and 6.ao p.m. ' Distance" 54 miles. Fare. 82.10. " All- Round Route und Pauoraniic Guide. 161 From Ottawa. — Ottawa River Naviijatioii Company's boal :ave at j.txt a.m., arrive at L'Orignal at 11.30 a.m. Distance, 58 miles. Fare, |i. ; meals, etc., extra; return, fi . 50. From Ottawa. — Montreal, Ottawa 6r' Occidental Railway leaves at 8.10 a.m. and ;..o5 P.M., arrives at Calumet at 10.30 a.m. and 7.25 p.m. Distance, 59 miles. Fare, I1.75. Ferry to L'Orignal ; distance, I '/^ miles; farp, 25 cents. FROM THE EAST AND SOUTH-EAST. Montreal should be the objective point . From Montri':il. — Ottawa River Navigation Company's boats leave at 7.C10 a.m.^ arrive at L'Orit;.ial at 1.15 p.m. Distance, 65 miles. Fare, I1.50; meals, tic, extra.. Return, $2.75. FrotH iWi)«/>,Y»/.- Montreal, Ottawa &* Occidental Railway leaves at 0.30 a.m. and 5.15 P.M., arri.es at Calumet at 10.30 A.M. and 7.35 P.M. Distance, 58 miles. Fare fi.75. Ferry to L'Orignal; distance, i^ miles ; fare, 25 cents. From L' Orignal . — (Till the completion of railway to the Springs), Coaches for the Springs meet all boats and trains. Fare, 50 cents ; or private carriages seating four to seven, at from $3 to I4, or single passengers, %\ each. No e.xtra charge for baggage. Note. — Between Montreal and Ottawa, tickets are good to lay over at the Springs^ available for the season, or return tickets at greatly reduced rates. Passengers by day boats on Ottawa River can go on board the evening before by engaging state rooms. On Fridays, 4 day excursion tickets through to the Springs and return from either Montreal or Ottawa at single fare, are procurable by boat or rail. The accompanying special map will aid visitors in the location of the Caledonia Springs^ selection of route, <5lc. The satisfaction felt by all persons visiting Caledonia. Springs, whether for health or pleasure, has been most general, and perfectly unsolicited have been the many testimonials from the most prominent persons, com- mer ling its unparalellcd attractions, a few of which we. append : — From Geo. W. Campbell, A. M., M. D., Dean Medical Faeulty, McGill College,. Montreal. I entertain a very favorable opinion of the baths and waters of the Caledonia Springs- in many forms of disease, among which I would especially mention Chronic Rheumat- ism, the Signetaj of Gout, Neuralgia, some of the varieties of Cutaneous Disease,. Dyspepsia, Chlorosis, and, in carefully selected cases, some of the diseases of th-j kidneys; and bladder. From y. A. Grant, M.D., F.R. C.S, Edin., Ottawa, Physician to H. R. H. the Princess Louise. For many years I have observed carefully the action of the baths and miner.nl waters, of theCaledonia Springs on the system, and I amof opinion that in Chronic Rheumatism^ Skin diseases, as well as in derangements of the Liver, Stomach and Bladder, these waters exercise a most beneficial influence. Dr. yames Stirling, an eminent physician, who, /or many years made a special tiudy o/the Caledonia Springs, reports on them as/olloivs : From my first examination II if the w.ater.s I hr."e been convinced of the!?' valuabls- 162 All-Roumi Route and Panoramic Guide, medicinal properties, and since, from areRiiIar attendance for years at tiie Springs dur- ing the watering season Tiave witnessed their eflects. In Rheumatism— in both the tcutc and chronic forms— the waters seemed to lie etiualiy heneficial . For (Jout, Sciatica and Lumbago, the waters have been nearly as efficient. In Lepra or Salt Rheum, I do not remember a single instance where the waters failed in effecting a cure. In delirium tremens, the waters have acted like a charm ; the stimulus given to the stomach and the mental exhilaiation produced by the waters at first allayed and finally subdued all desire for ardent spirits. For those who wish to abstain and find it difficult, there can be no more efficient auxiliary to their efforts at reformation than these waters. Cases of Tic doloiireux, an affection of the nerves of the face, and other forms of neuralgia have in all cases been cured or the patients' sufferings greatly alleviated. Persons worn down by Dyspepsia have been signally benefited by the use of these waters, and they have been almost equally successful in affections of the liver. Females afflicted with Chlorosis have been restored to health by the use of the waters. From the powerfully diuretic properties of these waters few patients seemed to derive more benefit than those suffering from diseases of the urinary organs. Besides the above mentioned, the cura- tive effects of the waters are remarlcable in cases of inflammation of the eyes, particularly strumous ophthalmia, ague, hypochondria, melancholy, St. Vitus' dance, hysteria, spinal irritation, barrenness, scrofula, jaundice, gonorrhea, secondary syphilis, and the effects produced by the improper use of mercury. From th* Hon. Senator W. H. Bronte, M.D., Member Medical Council Ontario, Prescott . I fully concur in the statement given by Dr. Campbell as to the value of the waters, medicinally, and am satisfied that many now suffering may be relieved by their use. From y. H. Baxter, Esq., M.D., Surgeon General United Stales Army, Washington. The curative effects of the Caledonia Springs cannot be too highly extolVd. I know of no mineral waters, except the Arkansas Hot Springs, so efficacious in cases of Rheumatism and diseases of the digestive organs. The following from aprotninent citizen of Montreal appeared in the " Witness." Sir,— Will you permit me a few lines on the curative power of the Caledonia waters — the sulphur spring in particular. Advised by my physician to go to these springs, a sojourn of a fortnight and the free use of the sulphur spring, I found, will eradicate all vestige of r heumatic pains ; it did so in my case and I learned from others the like good results. The Hotel is as quiet as one's own home, no bar is kept in the hotel, the bed- rooms are airy and clean, the table good ; it is but a few hours' ride from Montreal, a return ticket can be had for fa . 75, and the cost of living at the Hotel is very moderate. 534Sherbroke Street. Theodore Hart. Another writing to the Montrealt" Gazette," says : » * * I heartily recommend to the notice of jaded citizens this retreat and sanitarium as a place of all others fitted for their recuperation. To those who suffer from Dyspepsia, Gout, Rheumatism or Cutaneous disorders, the healing properties of the Springs are pretty well known, but, besides we have here a roomy, well appointed and well kept hotel, good cooking and good attendance ; the charges by the day are the same as for rooms of the second class in the great city hotels, with a gradually decreasing scale according to the length of the person's stay. You are never without some pleasant companions, and at times the young people wake us up with a burstof very jolly gaiety. But it is just because it is not a place of dissipation, but of comfortable rest from the labors and dissipation of the to'vn, a place to recover lost strength and lost lone resulting from' the wear and tear of town life, that ! so hcaitily recommend it to your readers. A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 163 fV,r all the genuine purpose, of a waterinR-place. few place., if any. can equal thU. For tho.e who seek gambling hell* and midniRht rouW under the pretence of rest from % too fait town life, it is by no means so much to be desired as others. The lamented Bishop O'Brien, of Kingston, wrote in July, 1879: "T consider the Grand Hotel. Caledonia Springs, a desirable resort for either the invalid or pleasur. **Thc Rev Dr. Wilkes, of Montreal, wrote in September. 1879. of the Caledonia Springs • •• i came for the benefit of the waters and especially the baths. My expecta- tions have been fully realized in this matter, and in addition the comforts of a well appointed and admirably managed house, have been enjoyed. Special mention may be madeofthe excellence ofthe bath arrangements." ,. ^,. , o , . Mr S M Edgill. of St. Louis. Mo., wrotein July, 1879. of the Caledonia Springs. "I came to see the effect of the hot Sulphur baths and drinking the Sulphur water in a rheumatic trouble, also to remove from the system the malaria caused by tp years re- sidence on the Mississippi River. 1 am much improved, and expect to return another year. I am pleased with the attention given to the guests and the management of the Grand Hotel. • /-. 1 j • e • Any communications concerning Caledonia bprings addressed to the Grand Hotel Company, Ottawa, or during the season to Caledonia Springs, receive prompt attention. Returning to our steamer at L'Orignal, after a few pleasant hours sail, we arrive at OTTAWA, where we will naturally direct our steps towards the Windsor House, S. Daniels, proprietor, a gentleman fa- vorably known to the travelling public, and one who is universally liked ; he spares no trouble to makes his guests comfortable and " at home." The " Windsor " is centrally located, and within two minutes' walk of the Parliament Buildings, Post Office, Grand Opera House, and new Turkish bath. Telegraph office in the House. Ottawa (or Bytown as it was formerly called) was se- lected by Her Majesty as the new Capital of the Domi- nion the chief seat of the Government having for many previous years been at the cities of Montreal, Quebec and Toronto,— in 'turns, for a certain number of 164 All-Roufid Route and Pauoraniic Guide. years in each. This system was found to \\'ork badly, and the jealousy stirred up against the one that happen- ed at the time to be favored, made it necessary to choose some permanent place, and Ottawa was selected as being most desirable. The Government buildings have con- sequently been erected here, and ver>' much credit is due not only to the architect who designed these most beautiful buildings, but to the public spirit of the Legis- lature, which has found the means of bringing the work PARLIAMKNT BUILPINGS, OTTAWA. to a successful termination. The Parliament Buildings, with the Departmental offices, occupy three sides of a square, on a bluff of g.ound called Barrack Hill, over- looking the river. They contain two Legislative Halls, one for the Senate, the other for the House of Commons; both being the same size as those provided in the English Houses of Parliament for the Lords and Commons, and like their originals, very handsomely decorated and con- veniently furnished. The frmuprlQ Jp ft-^nf of <^h- k,,;h- All-Roimd Qontc and Panoramic Guide. 165 ing are handsomely laid out. A large Library is also provided, which at present contains over 75,000 volumes. The buildings are designed in the Italian Gothic style, and constructed of stone found in the neighborhood. When it is stated that the cost was $3,000,000, and the position almost unique, the tourist ought not to lose the opportunity of going there, as they alone are quite worth the delay which must necessarily be devoted to the sight. The rest of the city, (which is, •-'■«h.j .— ^..isrtSiaSf f^.v" ^C .^irai? CITY OF OTTAWA. of course, increasing much, and the whole of it nearly new,) is very handsomely and substantially built. Sparks .street, the scene of the assassination of the late Hon. T. D'Arcy McGee, is close to the Parliamentary buildings and the Russell House. The Rideau Canal (which connects the Ottawa River with the St. Lawrence), divides the city near the Parlia- ment Buildings. This canal is excavated at the base of a ravine, over 150 feet below the roadway. The upper 16t) AU-Round Route atid Panoramic Guide, and lower portions of the city are connected by two bridges, one known as the Sappers' Bridge, the other being a magnificent iron bridge erected by the Cor- poration, and which leads to the broad avenue on which the Parliament Buildings stand. The Rideau Canal here falls into the Ottawa, after passing a series of eight massive stone locks. The other chief attractions in the neighborhood of Ot- tawa are the Chaudiere Falls, considered by very many to rank next in importance, beauty and grandeur to Niagara. They are immediately above the city, at its western extremity. The width of the greater fall being two hundred feet, while its depth is forty, — the boiling, seething, foaming character of the water giving name to the place. On the northern side is tne smaller, or Little Chaudiere, and here the waters, alter their leap, seem to^ go into some subterranean passage, by which they are carried oft until they appear again at a place called "The Kettles," half a mile lower down. Of course, the exis- tence of such passage is a mere matter of conjecture which we will leave to the study of geologists, and others interested, to determine. These falls are crossed by a fine suspension bridgd* which leads to the thriving city of Hull on the opposite shore. Before leaving Ottawa, we ought to pay a visit to one of the Timber Slides, which are tolerably frequent in the upper river. One is erected on the northern bank, and we will here tarry for a moment whilst we watch the fate of one of those huge rafts of hewn wood, down its headlong rush. These water-shoots are erected for the purpose of getting the fallen trees from the higher level down to the river at the smallest possible cost, and, wherever water can be Alj- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 167 Where the descent is very steep, these "shoots" are broken up at stated intervals into long straight runs, in order to destroy the impetus which the rafts would na- turally acquire. The descent on one of the rafts down the timber slide is a thing only to be attempted by those who possess bold and steady nerves. To say that there is much danger in such an excursion would be to ex- aggerate the risk, whilst to say that there is none would be as far from the truth. An application to the " boss " of a gang of raftsmen would, without difficulty, obtain the privilege of a ride down. The population of Ottawa is about 30,000. Returning we arrive at • MONTREAL, the commercial metropolis of the Dominion of Canada, situated upon the south shore of an island (bearing the same name) and at the base of a beautiful eminence, known as Mount Royal, from which both the city and island derive their name. Its population is 160,000. The island is about thirty miles long, and ten broad, and is formed by the River Ottawa debouching into the St. Lawrence at its western and eastern extremities, the former near St. Anne's, the latter at Bout de ITsle. It is famed for the fertility of its soil, and is frequently called the " Garden of Canada." The site of the city was first visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535, and, at that time, he found a village of Indians situated near the foot of the Mountain. He landed a short distance be- low the city, at a point still known by the name of the Indian Vill ge, " Hochelaga." When he reached the top of the mountain, to which he was guided by the In- Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 169 'A < '-A O -9 A -3 A clian Chief " Donnacona," he was so struck by the magnificent outlook that he named it in honor of his master, " the Royal Mount." Champlain also visited the site in i6i i, but the village, with its inhabitants, had been swept away, probably by some hostile tribe. A few years ago a large quantity of skeletons and pottery was discovered, while building on the site of this village. The first settlement was made by the French in 1642. In its early history the city was repeatedly attacked by the Indians, and in 1684 a wooden wall was erected for defence. This was replaced in 1722 by a massive stone wall with redoubts and bastions. In 1759, when Can- ada was conquered by the British, Montreal had a population of 4,000 souls. The streets were narrow, and the houses low. Some of these buildings are still stand- ing, and a walk through the two or three streets still retaining their primitive buildings, and narrow paths, strongly reminds us of the quaint old towns of Rouen, Caen, and others in Normandy. At the date named, the town was divided into upper and lower town ; the upper part then being the level of the present Court House. In the lower town the merchants and men of business chiefly resided, and here also were the place of arms, the royal magazines, and the Nunnery Hospital. The principal buildings were in the upper town, such as the palace of the Governor, the houses of the chief officers, the Convent of the Recollets, the Jesuits Church and Seminary, the Free School and the Parish Church. In 1775, the city was taken by the American forces linder Montgomery. The growth of the city has been exceedingly rapid, and the view, as seen on our approach by steamboat, with Mount Royal for a background, \ 170 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. covered with beautiful villas, interspersed here and there with tall spires, is majestic, and for beauty almost un- rivalled. The river frontage is almost three miles in length, ex- tending from the Victoria Bridge to the village of Hochelaga. For upwards of a mile 't has an excellent stone letaining wall, fror ^.ntrance to the Lachine .Canal to below the Bonsec rs Market, which, with its CONSOLIDATEIJ BANK, PLACE D'AUMHS. glittering dome, forms one of the most conspicuous ob- jects in the right foreground, and contrasts with the neighboring spire of the Bonsecours Church, one of the oldest churches in Montreal. We think, the view from the steamer can scarcely be surpassed, as we sail under the centre tube of the Victoria Bridge, and first view the long array of glittering spires, the lofty towers of the Parish Church of Notre Dame, the well-proportioned tower of the Customs Buildings, and the long unbroken line of cut stone flanking the wharf. At the beginning of the present century vessels of more than ^OO tons ronlH not- a«sr<^nH fn M/->Mfrf^ol ;♦■» All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 171 CUSTOM HOUSE. foreign trade was carried on by small brigs and barques, and the freight and passengers were landed upon a low muddy beach. In 1809 the first steam vessel, called the "Accommodation," built by Hon. John ^lolson.made a trip to Quebec ; she had berths for about twenty pas- sengers. Now behold the contrast that fifty years of industry, intelligence, enterprise and labor have pro- duced — ocean steamers of over 4,000 tons ; the magni- lie LIVERPOOL AND MONTREAL SCREW STEAMER. ficent steamers of the Richelieu and Ontario, Navigation Company, vieing in splendor and comfort with the far- famed Hudson River boats ; ships from 700 to 2, GOO All- Round Route a) id Panoramic Guide, 173^ 5', PC > 'A a: 'A O tons, from all parts of the world, lying alongside the wharves of the harbor, which are not equalled on this continent, in point of extent, accommodation, approach and cleanliness. The principal street of the city is St. James street, on which there are some of the finf -.t buildings. The new Post-office at the corner of St. Francois Xavier street stands prominently out, and alongside it is the well-known hotel, the St. Lawrence Hall. After ST. LAWRENCE HALL. being closed for some time this famous hotel, whose prestige has reflected credit upon the city, and whose history is coincident with that of the progress of Mon- treal, was again opened in the summer of 1879, by its old proprietor and manager, Henry Hogan, Esq., and at once, notwithstanding the efforts of a younger and more pretentious rival, leaped into favor with the public, not only regaining its old, but acquiring a host of new friends an^a patrons. This> of course, was only natural, consid- 174 All-Roiimi Route and Pammniic Guide. erinj^ the old-time popularity of the man who resumed the proprietorship, and whose unfailing presence to greet his guests and supervise the management is a guarantee of the «^ ////J- /////-rt of hotel business. In his efforts to please his patrons the proprietor has ever been seconded by the competency and urbanity of Mr. Samuel Mont- gomery, whose name is well known amongst all Canadian travellers and foreign tourists from Quebec to San Fran- cisco, from his management of the well-known and popular St. Louis Hotel, Quebec, and several well-known houses on the Pacific slope. Mr. Montgomery is a thor- ough gentleman, and one whom it is a pleasure to know ; he understands the management of a hotel in all its details. From experience we can speak of the unrivalled character of the cuisiuc of the hotel, the minute attention of all its employees, and the appointments of its table as well as neatness of its fittings. The building scarcely needs description ; its solid cut stone front is familiar to all who have visited the city, and has the time-honored appearance of an institution, with the removal of which Montreal would not appear to be itself. It contains about three hundred guest rooms, grand dining hall with a seating capacity of five hundred at once, besides parlors, billiard rooms and elegant offices, reading rooms and sample rooms for commercial travelers. All its rooms communicate with the office by electric signals ; hot and cold baths and water closet conveniences are provided on each floor, whilst the ventilation will be found most perfect, healthy and pleasant. The entire house is furnished in a degree of luxury and taste regard- less of cost, and in the latest modern style. It is pro- tected by the latest inventions and appliances from fire ; its ground floor is beautifully tiled with marble, and we All-Ron mi Routt' and Panoramic Gnide. 175 laMaaBSiM; 176 All-RoHud Route and Panoramic Guide. k may say that the grand dining hall and parlors are models of taste. Passing down the same side of the street, the first building that arrests the attention is the Methodistf Church, a very commodious and well-arranged edifice ; it possesses one of the finest organs in the city. A few rods beyond is the Merchants' Bank,, one of the most elegant banking edifices in Canada. Crossing the street and proceeding a short distance we come to the Ottawa Hotel, which runs through to Notre Dame street, and presents most elegant cut stone fronts on both streets. This hotel, from its convenient situation, has always been a favorite resort of business men, and has received much favour from tourists. It has reaently been refitted and furn- ished anew throughout with Queen Anne and Eastlake patterns of furniture, which, with the addition of a superb passenger elevator, electric bells, and painting and fresco work of the neatest and most elegant kind, gives the hotel the brightest and most attractive appearance to its numerous patrons. The Ottawa has long been noted for its " home " qualities ; to stay there is to feel one's self surrounded by home comforts, with a style added which is often not attained at home. A great deal of this is, of course, due to the efficiency and courtesy of the man- ager, Mr. John F. Warner, under whose auspices the hotel has reached a degree of success never before at- tained by it. How much, also, is not the comfort and enjoyment of guests ministered to by a courteous and considerate stafif in the office t In Mr. Moore and his obliging confreres all that thoughtfulness can contribute to the comfort of the guests is attained. Not the least, also, amongst the accompaniments of a first-class hostelry is a good cigar,, and we should advise everyone not to- All-Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. Vl*l OTTAWA HOTKL. omit applying to Mr. Eugene Phelan, whose brands are always the best imported, and to whiff which is to set one at peace with all men. Attractive meerschaums of gen- uine quality are also sold by Mr. Phelan. While dis- charging these pleasant duties this gentleman will sell you an all-round route ticket from sunrise to sunset, without further trouble to yourself than an adequate transfer to him of the currency of the country or U. S. money. Retracing our steps, still on St. James street, we next come to the Molsons Bank, which has two frontages or fafades built of Ohio sandstone. The shafts of the columns of the portico on the St. James street front are of polished Peterhead granite. A little further up the street is an elegant pile called " Barron's Block," and the building put up by the City and District Savings Bank, and Canada Life Assurance Company, both of which have been erected recently ; they are really worthy of any city in the world, and are evidences of the substantial growth and prosperity of Montreal. 12 178 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Turning down St. Peter street, past Molsons Bank, upon the left, is a very handsome block, " Caverhill." ('AVKi;illl.l, s l!I,(^CK. These stores are not ' surpassed by any in British North America. They are six stories in height. The front is an elaborate composition in the Italian Palazzo style, bold in character. Near the foot of St. Peter street runs, right and left, St. Paul street, wherein are con- DOMINION liUILDINGS. gregated nearly all the principal wholesale dry goods and hardware stores. This street is a credit to the Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 179 modern enterprise of Montreal, and is symbolic of the wealth of the city. Passing along St. Paul street we €nter McGill street, on the corner of which stands the Dominion Buildings, and directly opposite is the Albion Hotel, which for the past twenty years has been favorably known to travellers from all parts of the globe. This house is kept by Messrs. Stearns and Murray, whose long experience in the hotel business is a guarantee that nothing on their part will be left undone to maintain the established reputation of the Albion. During the past spring extensive improvements have been made in and about the house, it having been newly furnished in every department, with special regard to the comfort of its guests. The rooms are large, well ventilated and well lighted; the ceilings have been tastefully decorated, and being high, make the Albion one of the coolest houses in the Dominion. It is a large four story building, situated on one of the principal thoroughfares of the city, and in the immediate vicinity of the Post-office, Banks and principal places of interest to tourists and business men, and has ample accommoda- tion for four hundred guests. Great care is taken at all times to have the table supplied with every luxury. Travellers can rest assured of finding here everything that will tend to secure the comfort and pleasure of guests. We next approach Victoria Square with its bronze statue of the Queen, and its playing fountains. Near its entrance are the Albert Buildings, while directly across the square stands a handsome building of Gothic architecture surmounted by a lofty and graceful spire. This has been recently erected by the Young Men's i; !•!. i iii 180 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Christian Association. In it is a beautiful public hall,, with reading-rooms and library free to all. YOUNG MKN'h christian ASSOCIATION BUILDING. Passing up St. James street beyond the Post-office, we enter a square called Place d'Armes, It is not large in area, but few squares on this continent, if any, have as handsome htiildings overlooking them. Here is the All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Gnide. 181 French Parish Church, the largest in North America, and capable of holding over ten thousand people. It is about 260 feet long by 140 feet broad, and the front facing the square is flanked by two massive towers, 220 feet in height. In the one on the left there is a peal of bells. The tower on the right can be ascended on the payment of a small fee. In it is placed FRENCH PARISH CHURCH. the monster bell which goes] by 'the name of " Gros Bourdon." It weighs nearly 30,000 lbs. It has a deep bass sound, and is used as a fire alarm. From the battle- ment a most wonderful prospect is obtained — the broad rolling waters of the St. Lawrence, nearly two miles wide, lying almost at the feet of the spectator, covered with shipping ; to the right the Victoria Bridge, Nuns' 182 All-Roiind Route and Pai ^amic Guide. Island, the village of Laprairie, with its glittering steeple, the boiling rapids of Lachine, the blue hills of Vermont in the far-off distance— to the left the beautiful island of St Helen's, covered with trees, clothed in the proud prosperity of leaves, the villages of St. Lambert and Longueuil and the river studded with Islands, until its silvery course is lost at the village of Vercheres. On the side of the square facing the Cathedral stands the Bank of Montreal, one of the most imposing public buildings in the city ; it is built of cut lime-stone, and its style is pure Corinthian. On the left hand of the square are the Ontario Bank, and the London and Liverpool Insurance Company's office. The former is built of Ohio sandstone. This row is a pretty piece of street architecture. On the right hand side is a fine block called Muir's buildings. The fourth flat is occupied by the honorable fraternity of Freemasoiic. Next is the elegant building — the Jacques Cartier Bank. The centre of the square is laid out as b garden with a fine fountain. Proceeding up Notre Dame street the tourist will pass a somewhat dilapidated column, known as Nelson's Monument. As little care seems to be bestowed upon its preservation, as there was taste shown in the first choice of its position. Formerly the jail stood opposite, and Nelson was placed in a somewhat anomalous posi- tion with his back to his favorite element, " water," and his face toward the jail. The old jail is now replaced by the Court House, an Ionic structure about a hundred and twenty feet long, by about seventy in height, con- taining all the judiciary courts as well as the Prothono- tary's office and Court of Bankruptcy. T..cre is in it a All-Rotmd Route and Pajwramic Guide. 183 \iU .^^ 184 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. very valuable law library, containing upwards of 6,000 volumes. Adjoining is the New City Hall, a most im- posing structure, in the light Italian style and contain- ing all the muni cipal offices. At the back of the Court House is the Champ de Mars, a parade ground, upon which the Volunteer Militia parade. Upon it three thousand troops may be manoeuvred. This ground was used by the Britisii troops when quartered in Canada. Opposite the Court House is the Richelieu Hotel, I. B. Durocher, proprietor. This Hotel is conveniently situated on the corner o^ Notre Dame and St. Vincent street, in the vicinity of the principal places of business and extending through to Jacques Cartier Square, in full view of the principal places of interest. It is kept both on the American and European plan ; the management is very liberal ; the cuisine is of the best , the rooms are neat and comfortable, and everything pertaining to home comforts can here be found. The old buildings directly beyond the monument were erected in 1722, and in early days served as a Govern- ment House. Here it was that during the occupation of the city by the Americans the celebrated Benjamin Franklm, Charles Carrol, and Samuel Chase, the com- missioners of Congress, held their councils of war and beneath its roof the first printing press ever used in Montreal was set up to print the manifestos. The building IS now known as the Jacques Cartier Normal School. Facing the Champ de Mars is the Geological Museum, a Government institution of which Canada mav 7c. ^l^.?""^' ^^ '""^^ established under the direction of Sir William Logan, the late head of the Geological Department of the Province. On the slone nf the All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 185 Mountain, above Sherbrooke street, stands the McGill College, while lower down, on University street, is the Museum of the Natural History Society. Here the tourist can gain information relative to the zoology and ornithology of Canada; and to those who are disciples of Isaac Walton the curator can give any information regarding the fishing grounds. The English Cathedral (Episcopal), on St. Catherine street, is by far the most perfect specimen of Gothic architecture in America. It is well worthy a visit. The streets in this neighborhood are studded with churches — Roman- Catholic, Presbyterian, Wesleyan, and Epis- copalian — each tending to make the ecclesiastical archi- tecture of the city worthy of comparison with the many public buildings with which Montreal abounds. A new Catholic Cathedral is being erected corner of Dorchester and Cathedral streets, to be second only in the worxd to St. Peter's at Rome, and after the same model The Church of the Jesuits on Bleury street is a very imposing edifice. The interior is covered with frescoes of incidents in the lives of our Saviour and His Apostles. Erskine Church and Knox Church (Presbyterian) are two fine specimens of modern Gothic. The Wesleyan Church, Dorchester street, with its graceful spire forms a conspicuous object, though its dimensions are over- topped by the large American Presbyterian Church adjoining it. Windsor Hotel. This building is designed after the style of the famous " Potter Palmer " Hotel in Chicago, and by the same The furniture and appointments are most architect. I 186 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. costly and luxurious, and the house contains everything proper to a first-class modern hotel. No expense has. been spared to make it the Palace Hotel of the Dominion WINDSOR IIOTKL. Tue terms are no higher than those of the first-class houses of the United States and Europe. The manage- ment, under Mr. R. H. Southgate, is unexceptionable. CATHOLIC SEMINARY. A little further westward on St. Catherine street is a pretty little Gothic church (Episcopalian,) dedicated to St. James the Apostle ; and beyond that again stands All-Roiind Route and Panoramic Guide. 187 the large Roman Catholic Seminary; on the Priests* farm. Here is a beautiful chapel, well worthy of inspec- tion. The grounds and gardens attached to the Semi- nary are well laid out. Returning from the Seminary by Guy street, we visit the celebrated Grey Nunnery, founded in 1642. This GREY NUNNERY. new edifice covers an immense area, and the chapel and wards of the nunnery are annually visited by thousands of tourists. The old nunnery near the river, so long the centre of attraction, from its quaint appearance and solemn-looking walls, has given way to beautiful ware- houses and stores, which line the streets opened through its former spacious gardens. A visit to the Reservoir on the mountain side will repay the trouble, as a fine view of the city may here be obtained. From these re- servoirs the city is supplied with water which is taken from the St. Lawrence, about a mile and a half above the Lachine Rapids, where the elevation of the river sur face is about 37 feet above the Harbor of Montreal 11 188 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. The Wheel-house at the termination of the Aqueduct is worthy of notice. The water is admitted to and dis- charged from this building through submerged archways under covered frost-proof passages, extending above and below the building. There are two iron wheels 20 feet diameter and 20 feet broad with enormous auxi- hary steam engi nes. The reservoirs are excavated out of the solid rock, and have a water surface of over nmety thousand square feet, 206 feet above the harbor with a depth of 25 feet. The length is 623 feet, with a breadth of 173, formed into two reservoirs by a division wall. The two contain about fifteen million gallons Total cost of aqueduct, machinery, pumping main and reservoir, over $2.000,000. » With the power here sup- plied the Fire Department are enabled to hold in check any threatened conflagration, and their efficiency is in- creased by the Fire Alarm Telegraph, which has proved a thorough success. The chief office is in the City Hall from which it has connections with upwards of 98 boxes' the church bells, several public clocks, the Observatory and Water-works. The Victoria Bridge ought to be visited. Visitors are allowed to examine the first tube without an order, and, as they are all alike to see one tube is to see all. The Bridge is a wonderful structure and reflects as much credit on the successful builders as upon the original designers. The tube through which the trains pass rests upon twenty-four " piers, and is about a mile and a quarter long. The piers are all at a distance of 242 feet, with the exception of the two centre piers, which are 330 feet: uoon the., r-t. A II' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 189 the dentre tube, which is 60 feet above the summer level of the St. Lawrence. At the centre of the bridge is an opening, from which there is a magnificent view of tbe river. The bridge is approached by two massive embank- ments, the one on the Montreal side being 1,200 feet, and that on the south shore 800 feet in length; which together, including the abutments, make the total length of the bridge 9,084 feet, or a mile and three quarters nearly. MONTREAL AND VICTORIA BRIDGE. The abutments are each, at the base, 278 feet long, and are built hollow, having eight openings or cells, 48 feet in length, and 24 feet in width, separated by cross-walls 5 feet in thickness. The flank-wall on the down-stream side rises nearly perpendicular, and is seven feet in thickness ; that on the up-stream has a slope from its foundation upwards ; the thickness of the walls is 1 2 feet, and they present a smooth surface to facilitate the operation of the ice, on which account its form had been thus determined. To ensure greater resistance to the pressure of the ice, the cells are filled up with earth, stone and gravel, so that one solid mass was thus ob- tained. The embankments are solid, composed of stones 36 ■■Miiii 190 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. feet above the summer water level, and of the width of 30 feet on the upper surface, formed with a slope of one to one on the down side of the stream, and a hollow shelving slope of about 2>^ to one on the upper side. The slopes are faced with stones set on edge at an aver- age angle of about 45''. The piers arc solid, and constructed, as well as the abutments, of the finest description of ashlar masonry, laid in horizontal courses measuring from 7 to 12 feet on the bed, and from 3 feet 10 in- ches to 2 feet 6 inches thick above the water level, and thence varying into a course of 18 inches under the plates. The stones were cut with the greatest exact- ness, seldom requiring to ^e re-dressed after being laid. They weigh from 7 to 17 tons; the average weight of each stone is 10% tons. All the beds and vertical joints are square, dressed in the most efficient and workman- Hke manner; the external face rough, and without any pick or tool marks, but with the natural quarry face pre- served. The string-courses and copings are fair-picked, dressed throughout and neatly pointed and weathered! and a tool draft, eight Jnches wide, on each quoin! Each course of the ice-breaker is secured with fox- wedged bolts of I % inch iron, which pass through into the second and third courses under it, and the horizon- tal joints are cramped together with iron cramps 12x5 inches, through which the bolts pass. The description of stone used is a limestone of the Lower Silurian order, and known under the Geological term of Chazy. The average height of the piers above the summer water level is 48 feet, gradually rising from All-Romid Route and Panoramic Guide. 191 a height of 36 feet at the abutments to 60 feet at the centre pier, giving a grade of i in 132, or 40 feet to the mile. The centre span is level. Each pier is furnished with a solid cut-water or ice-breaker, which forms a portion of the pier itself. They are of a wedge form, and slope from their foundations upwards, terminating in an angle, 30 feet above the summer level of the river. The dimensions of the pier at the junction with the cut- water are 16 x 48 ft, but the whole transverse side of a pier at the foundation, including the cut- water, which extends up the stream, is 16 x 90 feet. The foundations, of course, vary; some are as low as 20 feet below the water. The whole of the ashlar is laid in hydraulic cement, in the proportion of one part sand to one part cement. The backing from the level of the surface of water upwards is in common mortar. The piers are calculated to resist a pressure of seventy thousand tons. The important part this bridge plays in the uninter- rupted communication of the Western traffic with that of the United States — Boston, Portland, etc., need not be dilated on. It is more than commensurate with its cost — which was nearly 7,000,000 dollars. It gives to Montreal an unbroken railway communication, the value of which cannot be over-estimated. There are many pleasant drives in and around Montreal, the most popular being those "Round the Mountain " and the Lachine Road. Taking the former we leave the City by St. Lawrence Main street, passing on our way near the City limits an immense structure surmounted by a beautiful dome. This is the " Hotel Dieil." a r.lnkl-er pnH Rncolfal TVip K.i.'M.'nr^ ,.,:4.}, U^ 192 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, HOTEL-DIEU. enclosure covers an area of several acres. Immediately after passing the toll-gate^ a road turns to the left lead- ing to the beautiful "Mount Royal Cemetery," the resting-place of the Protestant dead of Montreal, and the grounds will compare favorably with the celebrated cemeteries of the Old World. The Roman Catholic Cemeteryadjoins the Mount Royal, and is approached by the road leading to the opposite side of the Mountain. The drive on which we have entered is a very delightful one. A fine view is obtained of the country from Cote des Neiges, across the island to the "Back River" or Ottawa, with its numerous hamlets, convents and churches ; and for a picnic commend us to the Przesfs Island, close to tl^e old mill of the rapids Sault au Recollet, a delightful spot, and where, during the sea- son, a good day's fishing is to be had. The drive to Lachine will prove of the greatest in- terest. The Lower Lachine Road leads along the bank of the St. Lawrence, and during the drive there may be seen the steamer desrpnrlincr th^ r-^nH" Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. \^?^ To points beyond the island of Montreal, a favorite trip is that to Beloeil Mountain, near St. Hilaire. The latter is a station on the Grand Trunk Railway, about 1 8 miles from Montreal, and where several trains stop during the day, so that there will be no difficulty in performing the trip without remaining at the village for the night. From St. Hilaire Station, the tourist pro- ceeds to the pretty little village of Beloeil. and, when conducted to the base of the mountain, it can be ascended with comparative ease— even by ladies— by a circuitous path, passing through a maple grove, which leads to a beautiful lake, formed in the hollow of the mountain. This lake abounds with fish. This is the general resting- place before the ascent to the peak. This mountain is the centre of great interest to the French Canadian Catholics. On the road are, at intervals, wooden cros.ses having inscriptions referring to our Saviour's journey to Mount Calvary, and on the summit of the mountain are the ruins of a chapel erected some years ago. From theie ruins, about 1,400 feet above the river, a splendid panoramic view of the country for 60 miles round may be had. The rich panoramic scene ^mply repays the fatigue of the journey. We shall now leave Montreal and proceed to Quebec, taking as our conveyance the popular Richelieu and Ontario Navigation Company's Mail Line. The two splendid vessels, the " Montreal " and the " Quebec," make the trip between Montreal and Quebec every night, except Sunday, during the time that navigation is open. Any traveller preferring the land route can take the trains, leaving Bonaventure Station on the Grand Trunk Railway, and, after an eight hours' journey. 194 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. arrive at Point Levi, opposite " the Ancient Capital," (as Quebecers are fond of styling their city,) whence a a steam ferry will soon convey them across the river; or the trains of the Q. M. O. & O. R, which run down the North side of the river. To many, however, the < o IP, Ed < H OS most agreeable route is that selected by us for descrip- tion. We shall, therefore, go on board the " Montreal " or " Quebec," take a stateroom, and be landed early next morning at one of the quays of Quebec. The scenprv nn t-Tiic narf c\( r««u- t-z-iitfa \c r.^4- ^4.^:1.: Ill-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 196 196 All- Round Route and. Panoramic Guide. we shall therefore content ourselves with briefly noticing^ the principal points, many of which our vessel will pass while probably we ourselves are enjoying a refreshing sleep. As we steam out from the wharf, we pass by the shores of the military island of St. Helen's, so called' after the beautiful wife of Champlain, the first Governor of Canada, and the founder of Quebec. Just below the Island is the village of Longueuil, a favorite summer resort of the citizens of Montreal. SOREL, or William Henry, is situated at the mouth of the Richelieu, the outlet of Lake Champlain into the St. Law-ence. It occupies tlie site of a fort built by the Marquis de Tracy in 1665, and was for many y.ears the summer residence of the English Governors of Canada, and here Queen Victoria's father at one time resided. The population is about 5,000. • Immediately below Sorel, the river widens into a lake called . LAKE ST. PETEB, which is about 35 miles in length, and about 10 miles in width. It is very shallow, except 4n a narrow channel, which is navigable lor the ocean steamers and sailing vessels of very large tonnage, coming up to Montreal during the summer season. In calm weather it is pleasant sailing over its waters, but, owing to its shallowness, a strong wind causes its waves to rise tempestuously, and many wrecks, prin- cipally of rafts, take place every year. We now touch at the half-way port of All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 197 THREE RIVERS, situated at the confluence of the rivers St. Maurice and St. Lawrence, ninety miles below Montreal, and the O ► H O (<> "-J 14 same distance above Quebec. It is one of the oldest settled towns in Canada, having been founded in 1618. It is well laid out, and contains many good buildings. 198 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. among which are the Court House, the Jail, the Roman Catholic Church, the Ursuline Convent, and the English and Methodist Churches. The celebrated St. Maurice Forges, situated near the town, have been in operation for more than a century. The population is 12,000. BATISCAK, ' A village of little importance, is the last stopping-place before reaching Quebec. Seven miles above Quebec, CANADIAN HABITANTS. we pass the mouth of the Chaudiere river. A short distance from its entrance are situated the Chaudiere CANADIAN FARM-HOUSE. Falls. These falls are very beautiful and romantic, ''and are annually visited by large number.: of tourists. The Ali-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 19fr river at this point is about four hundred feet wide, and tlie height of the falls is one hundred and twenty-five feet. The course of the river is thickly studded with picturesque islands, covered with fine trees, which a «- much to the beauty of the scenery. In passing down the St. Lawrence, the country upon Its banks presents a sameness in its general scenery until we approach the vicinity of Quebec. The villages and hamlets are decidedly French in character, and are generally made up of small buildings ; the better class are painted white, or whitewashed, having red roofs. CANAT>.TAN rRIEST, CANADIAN PEASANT. Prominent in the distance appear the tin-covered spires of the Catholic churches, which are all constructed in a style of architecture peculiar to that Church. The rafts of timber afford a highly interesting feature on the river as the traveller passes along. On each a shed is built for the raftsmen, some of whom rig out their huge, unwieldy craft with gay streamers, which ....,,.., .,,..xii tii^_ tv^p3 \j\ puic:5. 1 nus), v\ iicn several oi 200 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ' 1 ) ll i! these rafts are grappled together, forming, as it were, a floating island of timber, the sight is extremely pic- turesque ; and when the voices of fj these hardy sons of the forest and ' the stream join in some of their Ca- nadian boat songs, the wild music, borne by the breeze along the water, has a charming effect. Many of CANADIAN BOATMEN, thcse rafts may be seen lying in the coves at Quebec, ready to be shipped to the different parts of the world. We now come within sight of the " Gibraltar of America," as the fortified , city we are approaching has been called. QUEBEC. |AVING landed, our first course is to proceed to a hotel. On this point our choice would be the St. Louis, owned by the Russell Hotel Co. At this ST. LOUIS HOTEL. house the tourist will find himself at hom.e and ^^,tA^ ^^.^ Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 201 for, surrounded by every comfort he can possibly desire, and we are quite satisfied that the experience of any one who may visit Quebec will be like our own, and lead to oft-repeated journeys to the old City. Quebec, until recently the capital of United Canada, is situated on the north shore of the St. Lawrence, in lat 46 deg. 48 min. north, and long. 71 deg. 15 min. west from Greenwich. It was founded by Champlain, in 1608, on the site of an Indian village, called Stada- cona. It is the second city in the Dominion, and has a population of about 75,000. The form of the city is nearly that of a triangle, the Plains of Abraham forming the base, and the Rivers St. Lawrence and St. Charles the sides. It is divided into two parts- Upper and Lower Towns. The Upper Town is strongly fortified, and in- cludes within its limits the Citadel of Cape Diamond, which is the most formidable fortress in America. The Lower Town is built upon a narrow strip of land which runs at the base of the Cape, and of the high grounds upon which Upper Town stands ; and the suburbs of St. Roch's and St. John's extend along the River St Charles, and to the Plains of Abraham. Quebec was taken by the British and Colonial forces in 1629, but restored to France in 1622. It was finally captured by Wolfe in 1759, and, together with all the French pos- sessions in North America, was ceded to Great Britain by the treaty of 1763. Quebec, including the city and suburbs, contains 174 streets, among the principal of which are the following :— St. John street, which extends from Fabrique street to St. John's gate in the Upper Town, and is occupied chiefly hy retail stores ; St. Louis street, a handsome 202 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 20S and well-built street, extending from the Place d'Armes to the old St. Louis gate, and occupied principally by- lawyers' offices and private dwellings; D'^uteuil street faces the Esplanade and the grounds where the military were drilled, and is an elegant street mostly of private dwellings ; Grand Allee or St. Louis road out- side St Louis gate, and leading to the Plains of Abraham, is a pleasant and beautiful street, on which are many elegant villa residences ; St. John street with- out, is also a fine street, occupied by shops and private dwelHngs. The principal street in the Lower Town is St. Peter, on which, and on the wharves and small streets which branch from it, most of the banks, insurance com- panies', and merchants' offi es arc situated. The fur trade of Quebec is enormous, and has for many years employed millions of dollars capital and thousands of men. The firm of G. R. Renfrew & Co. No. 35 Buade street, located directly opposite the Roman Catholic Cathedral, are the most extensive dealers in furs in Quebec, as well as Canada. They are the oldest house in this branch of business, having been established in Quebec for a great many years, and having ever main- tained the best reputation for fair dealing and reliability in representing their goods. Ihis firm import and manu- facture all of their own goods, among which are to be fund the choicest Russian and Hudson Bay, Sables,. Canada Mink, Ermine, Grebe, Fancy Furs, and South Sea Seal goods of all kinds and forms. They also keep a large assortment of Indian Curiosities, and are the most fashionable Hatters in Quebec. All their goods are sold at much less prices than similar goods in the United States. 204 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i;:=sH;3i:- II The Cita- del, on Cape Diamond, is' one of thei most inter- esting objects visitors. Th( area embraced ! within the forti tions of the Citadi more than forty ai The Une of fo cation, enclosing Citadel and the U[^,- Town, is nearly three mile length, and the guns \ which they are mounted mostly thirty-two and fo eight pounders. Until past few years there were ^'^^^ "'' '"^ chaubl, quebkc. five gates to the city, three of which, Prescott, Palace and Hope gates, communicated with the Lower Town, and two of which, St. Louis and St. John's gates, com- municated with the suburbs of the same n&me. About three quarters of a mile from the city are four Martello Towers, fronting the Plains of Abraham, and intended to impede the advance of an enemy in that direction. Durham Terrace, in the Upper Town, is a platform commanding a splendid view of the river and the Lower Town. It occupies the site of the old castle of St. Louis, which was burnt in 1834, and was erected by a noble- man whose name it bears. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 205 The Public Garden fronts on Des Carrieres Street,. Upper Town, and contains an elegant monument, which was erected to the memory of Wolfe and Montcalm, in 1827. The height of this monument is 65 feet ; its de- sign is chaste and beautiful, and no stranger should leave Quebec without visiting it. The Place d'Armes is an open piece of ground, around which the old chateau of St. Louis, the Government offices, the English Cathedral, and the old Court House are situated. The Esplanade is a beautiful piece of ground situated between D'Auteuil Street and the ramparts. The Roman Catholic Cathedral, which fronts upon the Upper Town market-place, is a very large and commo- dious building, but with no great pretensions to archi- tecture. The interior is handsomely fitted up, and has several fine paintings by the old masters, which are well worthy of inspection. The church will seat 4,000 per- sons. It has a good organ. St. Patrick's Church, on St. Helen Street, Upper Town, is a neat and comfortable building, and is capa- ble of seating about 3,000 persons. St. Roch's Church, on St. Joseph and Church streets, in the St. Roch's suburbs, is a large and commodiouil building, and will seat 4,000 persons. There are several good paintings in this church. The Church of Notre Dame des Victoires, on Notre Dame Street, is one of the oldest buildings in the city. It has no pretensions to architectural beauty, but is com- fortably fitted up, and will seat over 2,000 persons. Protestant Churches. The English Cathedral is situated between Garden ''''im^mtmmKmmitmmmtm SBSSSSMusxBiiasmmBasEii^ ZiiOQ All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Street, St. Ann Street, and the Place d Armes, Upper Town, and is a handsome edifice, 135 by 75 feet, and will seat between 3,000 and 4,000 persons. This church, which was erected in 1804, has a good organ, and is neatly fitted up. Trinity Church, situated on St. Nicholas Street, Upper Town, is a neat cut-stone building, erected in 1^24. It is 74 by 48 feet, and the interior is handsomely de- 'corated. St. Peter's Chapel is situated on St. Vallier Street, St. Roch's, and is a neat, plain structure, which will seat about 500 persons. St. Paul's or The Mariner's Chapel is a small build- ing near Diamond Hartior, designed principally for seamen. St. Andrew's Church, in connection with the Church of Scotland, is situated on St. Ann Street, Upper Town. The interior is well fitted up, and will seat over 1,200 persons. St. John's Free Scotch Church is situated on Francis Street, Upper Town. It is a neat plain structure, and will seat about 600 persons. The Wesleyan Chapel, on St. Stanislaus Street, is a handsome Gothic building erected in 1850. The in- terior is well fitted up, and it has a good organ. It will seat over 1,000 persons. The Wesleyan Centenary Chapel is situated on D'Ar- tigny Street, and is a plain but substantial edifice. The Congregational Church, on Palace Street, Upper Town, is a neat building of cut-stone, erected in 1841, and will seat about 800 persons. The Baptist Church, on St. Ann Street, Upper Town, All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 207 is a neat, stone building, and will accommodate over 400 persons. The other principal public buildings worthy of notice are : — The Hotel Dieu. hospital and church, which front on Palace Street, Upper Town, and connected with the cemetery and garden, cover an area of about ten acres. The buildings are spacious and substantial, and the hospital has beds for about sixty sick persons. The General Hospital is situated on the River St Charles, in the St. Roch's ward. The hospital, convent and church are a handsome quadrangular pile of stone buildmgs, well adapted to the purpose for which they are designed. The Ursuline Convent, situated on Garden Street Upper Town, was founded in 1641. A number of fine pamtmgs are here to be seen, and application for ad- mission should be made to the Lady Superior. The University of Quebec fronts on Hope Street and the market-place, Upper Town. The buildings, which are of massive grey stone, form three sides of I quad- rangle, and have a fine garden in the rear. The Court House and the City Hall are substantial stone buildings, situated on St. Louis Street, and well adapted to their respective purposes. The Jail is situated at the corner of St Ann and St Stanislaus streets. Upper Town. It is a massive stone building, and cost about ^60,000. It is in a healthy location, and is well adapted to the purpose for which it was designed. The Marine Hospital, situated in St. Roch's ward on the River St. Charles, is intended for the use c^( c=.:'i.-..„ sauuiS p!MSi6BS«BasSSSEiyj» : -^iss^mmn 208 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. and emigrants, and is a beautiful stone building of four stories. It was erected at the cost of ^i 5,000, and will accommodate about 400 patients. The Lunatic Asyluia is situated at Beauport, two and a half miles from Quebec, aad is an extensive building, enclosed in a park of some 200 acres. The Music Hall is a handsome cut-stone edifice, situated on St. Louis street. Upper Town. As the seat of French Power in America, until 1759, the great fortress of English Rule in British America, and the key of the St. LawreHce---Quebec must ever possess interest of no ordinary character for well-in- formed tourists. Living is comparatively cheap, and hotel accommodation e^ual to Montreal in every re- spect. A city crowning the summit of a lofty cape, must necessarily be difficult of access ; and when it is remem- bered how irregular is the plateau on which it stands, having yet for thoroughfares the identical Indian paths of Stadacona, or the narrow avenues and approaches of its first settlers, in 1608, it would be vain to hope for regularity, breadth and beauty in streets, such as modern cities can glory in. It is yet in its leading fea- tures a city of the 17th century— a q;uaint, curious, drowsy, but healthy location for human beings ; a cheap place of abode. If you like a crenelated fort with loop- holes, grim-looking old guns, pyramids of shot and shell, such is the spectacle high up in the skies in the airy locality called the Upper Town. Some hundred feet below it, appears a crowded mart of commerce, with vast beaches, where rafts of timber innumerable rest in safety, a few feet from where a whole fleet of Great Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 209 Easterns might float securely on the waters of the famed river. On the Plains of Abraham stands Wolfe's monu- ment, close to the spot where the immortal British hero expired, and near to the well from which water was procured to moisten his parched lips. A few nrnutes more brings one to Mr. Price's Villa, Wolffield, where may be seen the rugged path up the St. Denis burn, by which the High- landers and the Eng- lish soldiers gained a footing above, on the 13th September, 1759:— destined to revolutionize the new world— the British, guided by a French p rison er of war brought with them from P:ngland (Denis de Vitre, an old Que- becer,) or possibly by Major Stobo, who had, in 1758, escaped from a French prison in Quebec, and re- turned to his country- men, the English, ac- companying Saund- ers' fleet to Quebec. woLiK's N.nv MuNUMKNi, Ei.BCTui, IN 1849, Thc tourist next 14 ;ie:v 210 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, drives past Thornhill, Sir Francis Hincks' old home when Premier to Lord Elgin. Opposite, appears the leafy glades of Spencer Wood, so grateful a summer re- treat that my lord used to s-y, "There he not only loved to live, but would like to rest his bones." Next comes Spencer Grange, then Woodfield, the beautiful homestead of the Hon. Wm. Sheppard in 1840, and of the late James Gibb for many years after. ' Then follows lovely Benmore— Col. Rhodes' country seat— Clermont, B eauvoir. Kilnvirnock, Cataraqui, Kelgras- t on. Kirk-Ella, Meadow, Bank, etc., until after a nine miles' drive. Redely ffe closes the rural land- scape. Redclyffe is on the top o^ the cape of Cap Rouge, where many indications _J yet mark the spot ^^^! where Roberval's ephemeral colony wintered as f a r back as 1541. The visitor can now return to the city by the same road, or select the St. Monument Ehh. r..:n ., St. Fovh ,n ,863. Foy road, skirting the classic heights where General Murray, six months All-Ro„nd RouU and Panoramic Guide. 211 after the first battle of the Plains, lo.t the second, on 28th Apnl, ,760-the St. Foy Church was then oc- cupied by the British so,diers. Next co„es Holland The tourist shortly after detects the iron pillar sur >8SS by Pr,nco Napoleon Bonaparte, intended to com- niemorate this fierce struggle. In close proximity appears th,- briglt fiaykrres or umbrageous groves of IMlcvuc. Hannvood. Bijou. West- field and Saus Bruit, the dark gothic arches of Findlay Asylum, and the traveller re-enters by St John Suburbs. >v,tl, the broad basin of the St ChaWes and l^^e pretty Island of Orleans staring him in the face D ve down next to see Montmorenci Falls, and the th -r oc" f- ""^ ""'••■ "' ''^"'' C'- Victoria's father occupied ,„ .,-„. ^ trfp to the Island of Or- Cross " St' I T , "" "' '"■^' ^"^^'"'"S -" "^^ " b hu , •' "^P''' ^"^'' P"=''''"''>' ^'^'^"'cr. and go and b^old the mcst complete, the most forn.idable'as ^o plan, the most modr.n earthworks in the world. Drive to Lake Beauport, .0 luxuriate on its red trout, then to ■ ^e Herm, age. at Charlesbourg. Step into the Chateau ^^fot. s,t down hke W„.^, a„,idst the ruins of fa^e ,-'d '"i. '"'f "" °" "'" ^"•^""■^ *°"Sh unhappy f-^ o. dark-eyed Caroline. Bigot's Rosamond.. You 212 A 11- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. imagine you have seen every thing; not so. my friend ! tell your driver to let you out opposite Ringfield. on the Charlebourg road, and the obliging proprietor will surely grant you leave to visit the extensive earthworks behind his residence, raised by Montcalm in 1759— so appro- priately called Ringfield ; hurry back to town to spend the evening agreeably at the Morrin College, in the cosy rooms of the Literary and Historical Society, and retire early, preparing yourself for the great campaign of the morrow. To THE Lakes ! To the Lakes ! Here Pre a few of them '.—Lake Calvatre at St. Augustin; Lyke St. Joseph, Lac a la Truite, Lake Philippe, Lake Jaune, Snow Lake, LacBlafic, Lac Sud- ouest, Lac Vincent, Lac Thomas, Lac Claire, Lac McKcnzie, Lac Sagamite, Lake Burns, Lake Bo7inet^- all within a few hours drive from Quebec, with the exception of Snow Lake. It is not uncommon to catch trout weighing from 12 lbs. to 20 lbs. in Lake St. Joseph and Snow Lake during the winter months. We feel sure our reader, whatever his pretentions may be as a traveller, will be delighted with the ancient city of Quebec, and have a satisfactory feeling of pleasure within himself for having included it in the catalogue of places he has put down as worthy of a visit in his tour through Canada. The scenery outside the City, and all along the river on both shores, is exceedingly pic- turesque, every turn bringing a new and varied land- scape into view, calculated to please the imagination, delight the eye, and satisfy the most fastidious in natural beauty. ■ Ail-Round Route and Pmioramic Guide. 213 LAKE ST. CHARI.es. thirteen miles north-west of Quebec, is one of the most picturesque spots in Canada, and during the summer months ,s frequently visited on account of its Arcadian beauty. There is a remarkable echo at the Lake which tarries some few seconds before repeating the sound uttered. It is then re-echoed, " as though the nymphs ot the lake were summoning the dryads of the neigh- bormg woods to join in their sport." To those who are fond of angling, the lake affords an ample supply of speckled trout. THE FALLS OF MOKTMOREKCI. IN taking our departure from Quebec, and on our I way down the river we pass this celebrated cascade'. ^ These Falls, which are situated in a beautiful nook of the river, are higher than those of Niagara being more than two hundred and fifty feet, but they are very nar- row—being only some fifty feet wide. This place is celebrated for its winter amusements. During the frosty weather, the spray from the falls accumulates to such an extent, as to form a cone of some eighty feet high. There is also a second cone of inferior altitude called the ' Ladies' Cone," and it is this of which visitors make the most use, as being less dangerous than the higher one. They carry " toboggins " _ long, thin pieces of wood about 8 or lo feet in length by i foot in width, turned up in front,— and having arrived at the summit, place themselves on these and slide down with immense velocity. Ladies and gentlemen both enter with equal spirit into this amusement. It requires much skill to avoid being capsized, and sometimes people do 214 AH- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ,1 :' :' I^WRENC; tS'Vf^'^ ORAMIC GUIDE \ a* ft x-Ae. % I iTHneftiv., O T E T ^THABASKA ^ > ./ „ |! /*. /• ^ % (Mrrl'irrs Ml '^— . —■T B I ''"< -1 ^„,^ cjratJorm and Sca, Lake and River Forts, to I^ION OF CANADA. by P A C UOSSBY, assisted by u Corps of Writers. JOHN LOVELL & SON, Publishers. re NO. 39 ST. JOHN ST.. QUEI Opposite Palace Street. VALLEE t Makes a specialty of all goods wJdcJi Ti generally take home as a ^^Souoenir.'' T Quebec and its surroundings of all kinds a; Souvenir Albums ''^'" "^'^^^y 'ake, and °f water was bts::rtu:i:e';"^''r'' '-'■-''- coverlet of cloud, to spend the 2t"„T* ''' °*" pose. Soon the Great Gulf thf ""disturbed re- sid^is filled with vLor > I ^^P ""'■"" °" «'*« ■noment, comes rushinruo tT,' ^"^"-""'"i"? eveiy "•" all the hollows afe f!„ . ?" °^ "'^ ™°""'-n surrounding summl "erf t m u'""' ^''^" ""^ the dense masses. It sel " u"^ '^''"' ^'''^' ^''°^e across to Clay, Jefferson Z ^' ^"^'' °"^ ~"'d ^alk broad platform of m St ShnTn l"' ''^''''^°" "P°" «"- before sunset, as sometimes it / "^T""'-"^" °ccur describably beautiful aTri ^°''' ' "^'" '^ '"" burnished gold h d been fh" ' " " '"''^' °' chasms from mountain too tn '"°'' *^ ^eep *elongtwilig,,th:e::^l:,r;'"::"/°P' through tinue till the hour of retinn^ ""^ '<=^"^^ con- traveller is aroused oX~^- ^' -^'? dawn the which he saw on the DrelL '^"""'^ of the picture up from the sea, he ZT" "'"'"'■ ^"^"^ '"" "-^^ "ing in the we t graduT, ^^'''"'"^ "^ '^''^'^"^ ^egin- blankets rise fromTe' £ rdT;*^ """= "='°"<' upper air, and the sun ■■ J' u , °'" ^""^ '"to the his chamber,- clothed 'i„ | It ^"'^■°°'"u°'"'"S °"t of man to run a race." rejoiceth as a strong All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 231 There are many other pleasant trips to be made from the Glen House, one being a ride to the Imp, passing the Garnet Pools, where the rocks for some distance are ctiriously worn and polished by the action of the water. Next are the Thompson Falls, a series of delightful cascades and water slides. We then reach the KMKKALI) I'OOL, a beautiful spot, the theme of many a poet's song, and a subject for the artist's pencil. After tossing and tumbhng among rocks here, the pool flows into a quiet basin, where resting itself for a short time, it again emerges to recommence its toilsome journey. Foui miles from the hotel is situated the 232 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. GLEN ELLIS FALLS, -P.y .epa,s the .W ^:^^:Z^:f^' ""' We next visit the CRYSTAL CASCADE, GLEN EI,LIS FALLS. about one mile from the Glen Ellis Fails U. A IS about eighty feet At ri» i, , > ■ , "^ ''«s<:ent „;t K ■ ^ "-y ^^"- At tilen tlirs the whole strMn, pitches m one tide, but here the water is soreari t 1 utmost, and the appearance of th c cSe h. H co-npared to an •• inverted liquid plum^ltX:; Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 233 TUCKERMAN'S RAVINE IS a tremendous gulf on the south side of Mount Wash mgton. It has been called the Mountain Coliseum, and It IS hard to realize the grandeur of the scenery here presented. ^ ^ We now leave the Glen and continue our journey to !l CRYSTAL CASCADE. the Crawford House. The stages run twice a day to connect w.th the trains of the Portland and Ogdens- Ho'use^he 'hV""'" "^"°"- °" '^^"^'"^ *« Glen House the road has towards the south, ['assing onward we cuter \ I 234 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. PINKHAM NOTCH, passiiii; through which we speedily reach Jackson. A mile beyond this are the Goodich Falls, the largest per- pendicular fall to be seen among the mountains. Sooit after leaving the falls we reach Glen Station, where we take the cars. As we proceed ti]) the Saco Valley we have before us to the left the three peaks of " Tremont," and directly behind we see the noble form of old Kear- sage. At last I All^Rotmd Route and Panoramic Guide. II 23S CRAWFORD NOTCH bursts upon our view, and looking up the gorge we have Mount Webster on our right, Willey on the left w.th Mount Willard forming the centre o4e picture No traveler through the mountains should miss the from ^C rl o '"""• ^' -"""" - -ached from the Crawford House by the carriage road, a dis- tance of a mile and a half. The view is one of , !,. most surpnsmg m the mountains. The valley and the Saco River are nearly twenty-five hundred feet below The v.ew .s grand in the extreme, and here at one glance can be seen a greater part of the White Mountain Notch. The best tm,c- to see it is two or three hours before sun- set, when the lengthening shadows are creeping down the western side of the Notch and begin to extfnd up the slopmg sides of Mount Webster. Tliis view is in some Z'm 7:1'':^""^'" «"d ^'-tling than any seen from Mount Washington. Descending into the Notch, a short distance brings us to a point where stands the Willey House, at an eleva- tion of two thousand feet, made famous by the slide of August 28th, 1826, when the face of Mount Willey slid mto the Notch below, and in which the entire Willey family perished. No one can visit the old house, the rock ,n .ts rear whic: parted the slide, and the spot where the remains of some of the victims were found Tf them ""^ ''^'""^" °f 'hose who went in search ^ The road now winds up a narrow ravine for about three miles, and as this is generally traversed towards evening, the scene is one of trioomv „,,„j.... h,.-.u Wool, « 1 !• ° •'■ t»'""--*^"S. VVlLii dark rocky walls. 2,000 feet high on either hand, we i) ■j 236 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, feel our own nothingness, and a feeling of relief is ex- perienced when we emerge from the defile, and see but a short distance before us THE CRAWFORD HOUSE, a large new edifice, very commodious aiid agreeable. Pleasant piazzas outside, and spacious halls within, well furnished parlors, and handsome dining-rooms, the tables loaded with the delicacies of the city and the sub- stantial articles of the country. These, with numerous other attractions provided by the courteous proprietors, Messrs. A. T. & O. F. Barron, combine to render a week's visit to the mountains all that could be desired. No more pleasing landscape can be found than that which is seen from the hotel piazza. A wide lawn and the acid little lake, the source of the Saco, comes under the eye. Beyond is the Notch, with Mount Webster on the left and Mount Willard on the right. A more quiet and restful view is not had in any place. Here the cares of life are forgotten and the old grow young in spirit. The air is invigorating and stimulates the body and mind to greater activity. The hotel is lighted with gas throughout. Our space will not permit of an extend- ed notice of all the points of interest encircling this spot. A visit to Mount Willard will certainly be^made. The ascent is very easy and pleasant, while the view from the summit affords more pleasure than far more lofty peaks. Near the summit is a remarkable cavern, worthy of a visit. In the Notch are many points of interest. The Flume, three-quarters of a mile from the hotel, derives its name from the narrow and deep ravine through whicl» the waters of a mountain stream rush with great rapid- ity. Silver Cascade, a short wait h*>lr.«r fii*» <^nf-o»^... I All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 23T of the Notch and Ripley Falls, six miles below the Crawford House, are well worth seeing, especially in times of high water. The great feat, however, will be the ascent of Mount Washington, distant about nme miles from the hotel. There are special at- tractions in the old bridle path, which to many surpass those of stage or railway travel, therefore it is not to be wondered at that so many ascend by this route We first scale Mount Clinton, 4,200 feet, from the summit of which a noble view is obtained. We now descend to the ridge which joins Clinton to Mount Pleasant, and taking the path around the southern side of the moun- tain, we come to a plain lying at the foot of Mount Frankhn, which we ascend, and the view is extremely grand. Passing Mount Monroe, several hundred feet below the summit, and winding round it, we gain our first view of .Mount Washington, which we sscend by the south-western side. The view from the summit we have already described. From our lofty position we shall descend hy the Mount Washington Railway. This road was commenced in 1866. and the success which has attended the enterprise has been very marked Few people now visit the mountains without making the journey one way at least by rail. The descent to - the terminus is 2,625 feet, the terminus being 2,668 feet above the water. The greatest grade is 1.980 feet to the mile. The road is most substantially built, and beside the usual rails, there is a centre rail, of peculiar construction, to receive the motive power. This con- sists of two bars of iron with cross pieces every four inches, and a centre cog-wheel in the locomotive plavs into this rail. " ' II 238 AlURourtd Raute and Panoramic Guide. The locomotive, as it first comes out of the house, has the appearance of being ready to fall over. As soon as it commences the ascent it stands upright, the slant being given to it to secure more uniform action. The driving wheel is geared into a smaller wheel, which con- nects directly with the crank. Four revolutions of the engine are required to make one of the driving wheels, thus sacrificing speed to power. The engine is not con- nected to the car, but simply pushes the car up the track. On the return it allows the car to follow it down at a slow rate of speed. To protect the train from accident, a wrought-iron *"/ tiiv?ii^ IL3 1CIV111C3, vvc I caL;Jl tiic All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 241 Profile House, Franconia Notch. It stands on a plateau which overlooks the Am- monoosiic ^^iver, within five miles of the Fabyan House, and is surrounded by some of the finest scenery in the mountain region. The view from the piazzas and the observatory is unsurpassed for beauty and grandeur. The great mountain summits are seen on either hand. On the south are Lafa/ette, Haystack and the Twins. On the east is the entire White Mountain range from Mount Washington to Mount Webster, the latter form- ing one side of the celebrated White Mountain Notch. This is the centre of a great basin, and more mountain summits can be seen from this hotel than any other in the mountains. The great wall of living green which rises across the Ammonoosuc and in front of the house, is a pleasing object for the eye to rest upon, while the ever-flowing river which winds below, over rapids and through beautiful meadows, makes sweet music to the ear. This favorite summer resort, situated nineteen hundred and seventy-t j feet above tide-water, has long been known and appreciated by thousands of summer visi- tors. Its location is well described by the Rev. Dr. Prime : " A plain of a few cleared acres in extent, in a gorge that admits the passage of a narrow carriage-way, mountains two thousand feet high rising almost per- pendicularly on each side, with two lovely lakes lying under the hills and skirted with forests has been chosen as a summer resort and the site of a magnificent hotel, in which five hundred guests find refreshment and a cool retreat from the torrid heat that blights the world below. It is never hot at the Profile House. ' The ample 16 1 1 n 242 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. grounds, commanding wide and beautiful views, are <:rowded during the pleasure season with a happy com- pany, gathered from all parts of the land, who find here that cleanliness and^attention, with that ample and sub- stantial profusion of viands which mountain air aAd exercise make, more than elsewhere, a necessity. The parlor and dining^ hall are -.narmnc o^^ ^i^ ,. -y_ If A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 243 •(about 130 by 50 feet area), and the whole building Is lighted with gas. The telegraph runs to this point, and the man of business may receive his mails with regularity, and send his commands along the wires, while he gathers strength in the mountain air, and mar- vels among the mysteries of the hills. Many improve- ments are yearly made. The furnishing is elegant and complete, and the location superior. HOW TO REACH THE PROFILE HOUSE. All rail and through in the day from Boston, New- port, New York, Saratoga, Lake George, Montreal, Que- bec, Portland, etc., via Profile and Franconia Notch R. R., from Bethelem station, or by daily stages via Flume House and Pemigewasset Valley, connecting at Plymouth with trains of B. C. & M. R. R. to and from Boston, New York, and all points. FRANCONIA NOTCH, in which the Profile House is situated, is a pass about five miles in extent, between the Wesark, Lafayette and Mount Cannon. The Franconia hills, with their beautiful scenery, are the theme of admiration to the tourist. The grandeur is not overpowering, as at the White Mountains, but, for quiet beauty and repose, the Notch cannot be excelled. Near the Profile House, northward, a short distance, lies ECHO LAKE, a clear, limpid sheet of water, two hundred rods from tlie Profile House, of great depth and transparency, I !i 24 t All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. encircled by rare scenery. Here are the centres of the most marvellous echoes ; the human voice will be echoed distinctly several times, while the report of a gun breaks upon the rocks like the roar of artillery. The Indians believed that these echoes were the voice of the Great Spirit. Our space forbids lengthy notices of all the points of KCHo L.' .;k. interest in this vicinity. We shall, therefore, merely name the more prominent. I^agle Cliff, a magnificent bold promontory, almost overhangs the hotel ; but the sight of sights is the cele- brated Profile, or Cannon Mountain, directly opposite the cliff. It derives the latter n.ame from, a group of All -Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 245 mighty rocks upon its summit, which, viewed from the hotel, looks like a mounted cannon. The former name, however, is its most familiar title. The most attractive point of interest is the Old Man of the Mountain, or the Great Stone Face, which hangs upon one of the highest cliffs, twelve hundred feet above Profile Lake— a piece of sculpture older than the TUI5 PJIOFILK. Sphinx. This strange apparition, so admirably coun- terfeiting the human face, is eighty feet long from the chin to the top of the forehead, and is formed of three distinct masses of rock, one making the forehead, another the nose and upper lip, and a third the chin. The rocks are brought into the proper relation to form the profile at one point onl}-, namely upon the road 246 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i ! through the Notch, a quarter of a mile south of the Profile House. The face is boldly and clearly relieved against the sky, and, except, in a little sentiment of weakness about the mouth, has the air of a stern, strong character, well able to bear, as he has done un- flinchingly for centuries, the scorching suns of summer and the tempest- blasts of winter. Passing down the road a little way, the " Old Man " is transformed into a " toothless old woman in a mob cap ; " and soon after, melts into thin air, and is seen no more. Hawthorne has found in this scene the theme of one of the pleasant- est of his "Twice-told Tales," that called " The Great Stone Face." It is within one hundred rods of the Profile House, and is u^iquestionably, the most remark- able natural curiosity in this country, if not in the world. Immediately below the Pace nestles the beautiful sheet of water known as Profile Lake, or, The Old Man\ Mirror. It is one of the gems of mountain pictures. The finest trout live in its waters. At the Trout House, a short distance below the Lake, can be seen several hundred of these speckled beauties. Mount Lafayette, 5,280 feet high, is the monarch of Franconia. Walker's Falls is a most picturesque moun- tain cascade. The Basin, five miles south of the Notch, is a remarkable spot. Pemigewasset River has here worn curious cavities in the rock. The basin is 45 feet in diameter. It is nearly circular, and has been gradually worn to its present shape by the whirling of rocks round and round in the current. Just below the Basin is THE FLUME, one of the most famous of all the Franconia wonders Ail-Round Route aud Panoramic Guide, 247 Leaving the road, just below the Basin, we turn to the left among the hills, and, after a tramp of a mile, reach a bare granite ledge, loo feet high, and about 30 feet wide, over which a small stream makes its varied way. Near the top of this ledge we approach the ravine known as the Flume. The rocky walls here are 50 feet in height, and not more than 20 feet apart Through this grand fissure comes the little brook which we have just seen. Except in seasons of freshets, the bed of the SILVER CASCADE. stream is narrow enough to give the visitor dry passage up the curious glen, which extends several hundred feet, the walls approachinj^ near the upper extremity, to within ten or eleven feet of each other. About midway, a trem.endous boulder, several tons in weight, hangs \ 248 All.Round Route and Panoramic Guide. suspended between the cliffs, where it has been caught in Its descent from the mountain above. A bridge dangerous for a timid step. has. been sprung across the ravme, near the top, by the falHng of a forest tree. The Cascade, below the Flume, is a continuous fall of more than 600 feet, the descent being very gradual. SILVER CASCADE, OR THE SECOND FLUME. The Pool, a wonderful excavation in the solid rock and the Georgiana, or Howard Falls, complete the hons o\ this region. If the tourist desire, he may continue his stage ride to Plymouth, and return to New York or Boston, via Boston, Concord, Montreal and White Mountain Rail road and its connectiohs. THK FABYAN HOUSE. This new and first-class house is the largest and most complete of the hotels in this section of the mountain IS situated at the centre of the mountain railway sys- tem. All the express trains with Pullman and other palace cars which run between Boston, Fall River Pro- Mm All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 249 vidence, Worcester, Springfield, New York and the White Mountains, arrive and depart from this place. All trains to the summit of Mount Washington and through the White Mountain Notch, leave the depot in front of the hotel. It is also the nearest railway station to the .summit of Mount Washington. This was one of the earliest settled places in the heart of the mountains, and was one of the favorite points from which to make the ascent of Mount Washington long before any rail- road was built in this part of the state. From the hotel there is an excellent view of the Mount Washington railroac, with its ascending and descending trains. The White Mountain range is in full view, with Mount Washington rising above all the rest. The sunsets seen from here are often beyond description and are truly gorgeous. West 'of the hotel is a beautiful intervale cleared of forest trees many years ago. South, is a high mountain range. On the north is Mount Deception, rising abruptly, and from it is a good view of the Am- monoosuc Valley and the mountains. On the east is the White Mountain Range, with the distinct summits of Washington, Monroe, Franklin, Pleasant, Clinton, Jackson and Webster, sharply outlined against the blue heavens beyond. Here old Ethan Allen Crawford, the giant of the mountains, lived and died, and a suitable monument on an adjacent elevation, overlooking the valley, marks his last resting-place. The Fabyan House has many peculiar advantages and is a favorite with tourists who come to the mountains. It is large and commodious and will accommodate over four hundred guests. All its rooms front upon beautiful scenery and are high and airy. A large farm is connected, supplying milk and other luxuries. The Fabyan House II" I !' ■ I 250 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. has been built by a company, who saw the need or a better house in this section to accommodate the greatly mcreasing travel. Two hundred thousand dollars have been invested in buildings and farm. Spacious and high-studded rooms, telegraph office, first-class hvery, billiard-room, bath-room '^•^c. Th- elevation is 2,000 feet aoove sea level. ^. y fcver or asth- matic difficulties. Messrs. A. T. ^ O. F. Barron of Crawford and Twin Mountain Houses, are the proprie- tors of this hotel, which is under the management of Mr Oscar G. Barron. Having thus briefly described all the principal points of interest in and about the " Switzerland of America " we shall exercise the liberty given to "Knights of the Quill," and shall imagine ourselves at once transported over the mountain peaks to our starting-point at Gor- ham. Leaving the White Mountains with all their varied attractions, we once more take our seat in the train and proceed to Portland. We find ourselves whizzing along through a magnificent mountainous country, which pro- bably excels anything of its kind in America, and we re- commend a good look-out being kept du. 'ng the jour- ney, for the scenery cannot fail to please. On arrival at Danville Junction those desirous have' time to obtain re- freshment, and persons who are accustomed to travel know that it is just as well to take good care of the inner man, so as to be securely fortified against the fatigue that always, more or less, attends long journeys. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 251 PORTLAND. r^FTER leaving Danville Junction, nothing of note is- ^ seen until a short distance off Portland, when we 'mf'-- come in sight of the Atlantic, and feel the sense of pleasure which is experienced on getting near home after a long absence. Arriving at Portland, the principal city of Maine, our tourist will feel virtually at home at the Falmouth Hotel— the largest first-class hotel in the State, and second to none in New England — or at the Preble House. To those who have never been in Port- land, and can spare the necessary time, we would say. FALMOUTH HOTEL, PORTLAND, ME. Spend a day or two there by all means. It is one of the most pleasant and agreeable cities in the Eastern States, with wide streets and avenues nicely kept, well meriting its title, " The Forest City." Portland is handsomely situated on a peninsula occupy- ing the ridge and side of* a high point of land, in the south-west extremity of Casco Bay, and, on approaching it from the ocean, is seen to great advantage. The Har- bor is one of the best on the Atlantic coast, the anchorage w "252 All^Round Route and Panoramic Guide. being protected on every side by land, while the water is deep, and communication with the ocean direct and con- venient. It is defended by Forts Prebly, Scammell. and Gorges, and dotted over with lovely islands These islands afford most delightful excursions, and are amon- the greatest attractions of the vicinity. On the most elevated point of the peninsula is an observatory. 70 feet m height, commanding a fine view of the city, harbor and islands in the bay. The misty forms of the White Mountains, 60 miles distant, are discernible in clear weather. The original name of Portland was Muchi- gonee. It was first settled by the whites as an Enn-lish colony in 1632, just two centuries before the charter of the present city was granted. On the night of the 4th of July. 1866, a fire occurred which swept away nearly one-half of the whole business portion of the city The entire district destroyed by the fire has been since rebuilt most of the stores and dwelling-houses having Mansard roofs, which give a most picturesque and charming ap- pearance to the city. Portland is elegantly built, and the streets beautifully shaded and embellished with trees, and so profusely that, before the fire, they were said to number no less than 3,000. Congress Street, previous to the fire the main highway, follows the ridge of theVeninsula through Its entire extent. Among the public buildings of Portland, the City Hall, the Post-Ofiice and some of the churches are worthy of particular attention. The collec- tion of the Society of Natural History, organized in 184^ was totally destroyed by the fire, but has since been erected again, and now comprises a fine cabinet --- taming specimens of the ornithology of the State, more than 4,000 species of shells, and a rich collection of All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 253: mineralogical and geological specimens, and of fishes and reptiles. The Library, incorporated in 1867, has a collection of 10,000 volumes, and the Mercantile Library possesses also many valuable books. The Marine Hos- pital, erected in 1855, at the cost of 't;8o,ooo. is an imposing edifice. Among the most imposing structures in the city are the extensive buildings, now occupied by the Portland Packing Company, preservers of provisions by hermetically sealing in tins, the largest manufacturers of this class of goods in the world, oper- ating over twenty different establishments in the British Provinces, and Maine, and having agencies in every part of the habitable globe. To give a slight idea of the extent of their business, it is stated that they use over one hundred thousand lobsters a day, and pack over one hundred thousand tins of sugar corn, besides a great variety of other articles, such as mackerel, salmon, beef, mutton, poultry, fruit, etc., etc. The two first-named articles especially, known as Star lobster and Yarmouth sugar corn, are largely shipped, and travellers mention having found their well-known labels upon cans scattered about the great pyramids, in the desert, and upon the highest mountain peaks, perishable monuments, it is true, of their usefulness to mankind, but, nevertheless, speaking ones. Within the past few years water has been introduced into the city from Sebago Lake. In the vicinity are pleasant drives (notably the one to Cape Elizabeth), and the islands in the harbor furnish material for delightful water pic-nics and excursions. It has been affirmed by travellers that among the finest scenery in the world is that which is visible from the Observatory in Portland. A most enchanting nm«- pect is presented by sea and land, of which the'city \ 264 All-Round I^oute and Panoramic Guide. forms the central object, and the White Mountains, with the broad Atlantic, mark the boundaries cast and west. All these combine to make Portland a place worthy of the tourist's notice. •' The beautiful town that is seated by the aea." Cape Elizabeth is a very favorite resort ; being but a few miles out of the city, an afternoon cannot be better passed than by taking a drive out there. Excursions can also be made to the " Ocean House " and " Orchard Beach," both of which are exceedingly pleasant. Then there are the 365 islands, including " Cushing's," most of which can be reached by ferry boat or yacht, and where there are always tob^e found a great many visitors seeking health and relaxation from business. At several of these islands good hotels are to be found. PORTLAND AND OGDENSBURG RAILROAD. This new road offers superior attractions to pleasure- seekers, and no one visiting Portland or the White Mountains should fail to make a trip to some of its favorite resorts. The road is now completed through the famous " White Mountain, or Crawford Notch," and running by the Crawford and Fabyan Houses, ninety miles from Portland, it furnishes -a most attractive and expeditious route to those points and the summit of Mount Washington. A trip over the " Portland and Ogdensburg " comprises in itself one of the grandest and most exciting features of the entire White Mountain tour— the ride through the " Notch." The road is built upon the mountain side, some hundreds of feet above the valley and highway, and the uninterrupted view from the cars reveals many interesting and extensive scenes, unknown to travellers by the old and now discontinued AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 255 stage route — at the same time retaining all the attrac- tions of that delightful ride through this remarkable pass. But little more than three hours is necessary to effect the transition from the sea-coast to the very heart of the mountains, and a day can be filled with constant plea- sure by a jaunt from Portland to NORTH CONWAY, CRAWFORD'S OR FABYAN'S. A few hours spent in visiting the natural attractions of these resorts, and we return to Portland in the even- ing. The route of the Portland and Ogdensburg Rail- road lies up the lovely valleys of the Presumpscot, and Saco Rivers, skirts for three miles the shores of Sebago Lake and passes through the beautiful towns of Hiram, Brownfield, Fryeburg and Conway, with their broad intervals flanked by lofty mountains and jewelled with the gleaming waters of winding stream and placid lake. Landscapes of woodland, meadow and cultivated tracts, dotted with pleasant villlages ; rivers with their chang- ing moods of gentle currents, hurrying rapids and leaping waterfalls ; lakes and ponds of varying form and size, mirroring in their depths the beauties of earth and sky, and mountains of gradually increasing height from the low eminence, crowned, perhaps, with thrifty farms or forest growth, to bald and rugged peaks towering above the clouds, fill the view from the beginning to the end of the journey. You can breakfast in Portland, make the trip to the mountains without fatigue, dining at the famous mountain hotels, and return to Portland early same evening, or you can make the excursion according to the time at your disposal, of longer duration by stop- ping over at the many points of interest en route, and resuming the journey at pleasure, as two or more through trains are run daily during the summer season. 256 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, It may be added that this route from Portland, up the baco Valley throuj^h Hiram, FrycLurg and Conway, and so on to the mountain resorts, was a favorite in the early days of White Mountain travel, before the swift and commodious railroads from other. directions had sup- planted the stage coach. It has been pronounced the finest of all the approaches to the mountains, and now that the trip this way can also be accomplished behind the '• Iron Horse," we may expect the route to regain Its old-time popularity, multiplied by the largely in- creasing tide of visitors to the glorious " White Hills." In no way is the progress of a city more decidedly marked than by noticing the efficiency of its leading journals. In Portland the leading paper is the Portland Eastern Argus, the leading Democratic organ of the State, which has been established seventy-seven years, and has a circulation second to no other journal in Maine.' PORTLAND TO HARRISON, AND RETURN VIA SEBAGO. Sebago Lake, situated seventeen miles from Portland, forms part of a navigable water extending from the Lake Station on the P. & O. R. R., to Harrison, thirty- four miles distant, and comprising the Lake, Songo River and Long Pond, the two larger bodies being connected by the Songo. The Lake is fourteen miles long by eleven wide, in widest part, and its waters are bounded by shores of varied form and attractiveness, with fine views of the distant mountains. An hour's sail brings us to the mouth of the Songo, whose channel extends in serpentine windings six miles to overcome the mile and a half interval, " as the crow flies," separating Sebago from Long Pond. The sail up this beautiful stream is one of novel and exciting interest, its narrow and tor- tuous course between low banks thickly wooded to the iatw. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 25T water's edge, or relieved here and there by small clear- ings and meadow lands ; the lock at the head of the river through which the level of the upper waters is gained, and the spirit of quiet restfulness and retirement pervad- ing all, being long remembered by those fortuiiate^ enough to enjoy the pleasures of this remarkable excur- sion. Passing out of the river we enter Long Pond, which, including its subdivisions, known as the *' Bay of Naples," and Chute's River," is fourteen miles long, and averages in width about one and one half miles. The character of its scenery differs from the surroundings of Sebago — the shores being more irregular in outline and of higher elevation at many points. The land adjoining the Pond is dotted with many farms and villages — • Naples, Bridgton, North Bridgton and Harrison being places of considerable business, and noted as pleasant summer resorts. Two steamers ply in summer over these waters, making the round trip, daily, between Sebago Lake and Harrison, and connecting at the Lake Station with trains of the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad. Parties can leave Portland in the morning, make the trip to Harris(.n and back, thus enjoying a fine inland water excursion of sixty-eight miles, and, on. return to the lake, take cars either for Portland or Nor^h; Conway and the mountains, arriving at destination early- same evening. Many other points of attraction are found in ai trip over the Portland and Ogdensburg, but our space will not admit of their enumeration. We can only advise all who have opportunity to become personally familiar with, at least, some of the features of this, inviting pleasure route.. 17 268 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. NORTH CONWAY, on the line of the Portland and Ogdensburg Railroad, a favorite resort much frequented by artists and tourists' lies just at the portal to the White Mountains, whose snow-capped peaks form the back--round for the most delightful views. The village lies at the foot of the -•grand old Kearsage Mountain. The principal hotel is ■the Kearsage House, Messrs. Thompson & Sons, pro- prietors. This house has been entirely reconstructed recently, and now embraces 150 rooms for guests. A ifine plank walk is laid from the station to the hotel From this point the whole range of the White Mountains is easily accessible. lAke sebago, ineaningin Indian "stretch of water," is in some places four hundred feet deep, and is bounded by the towns of i^tandish, Raymond, Casco, Naples and Sebao-o The Lake is traversed by two new and elegant sid -wheel steamers, the " Sebago " and the " Mt. Pleasant " of similar si«e and design. Each is about Z7 feet Ion- by .24 feet beam, contains a promenade deck 72 feet lono- Steaming up the Lake at the rate of fourteen knots an hour, we pass on our right, Indian Island, with an area ^f seventy-five acres; little One Tree 'island, with its soragg^r old stub surmounted with an eagle's nest • and soon approach, on our left, Frye's Island, with its thousand acres of dense forest. Sailing up its eastern shore, we enter the " Notch," a narrow neck of water between the island and Raymond Cape, five miles from the Lake Station. At this point the island, with its rocky beach, green slope, primitive cottages, and wooded £,.^'....v., xv^rm^ a picasmic picture, oUen enlivened ; 5^L All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 259 with the tents of camping-out sportsmen. Below, on our right, are the celebrated " Images." This curious mass of rock rises perpendiculariy from the water neariy 70 feet, and then slopes, in jagged, fanciful shapes, to a still further height of some 30 feet. The water at the foot of the precipice is 85 feet deep. Here, too, is the "Cave," which possesses a peculiar interest, from the fact that it was a favorite boyhood haunt of Nathaniel Hawthorne. It is a square aperture, four feet by six, in the solid rock, into which the great novelist was wont to sail in his tiny fishing boat, which he could do to a distance of 25 feet, and then clamber through a short passage to the outer world. On — still on — and we are now upon the broadest part of the Lake. Flocks of white sea-gulls fly over our heads, while an occasional loon or a bevy of ducks start up in alarm at our approach, followed by the shots of sportsmen abroad. To the north-east Rattlesnake Mountain is seen and in the same direction, near the lake, is seen the early home of Hawthorne. The scenery on the west is wilder and more rugged. Saddleback Mountain, in Baldwin, is plainly visible, from which the €ye roams north-east, beyond the " Great Bay," over the Sebago hills, and farms and forests. Still farther north is Peake Mountain, beyond which the view extends northward to Mount Kearsage, so blue and cold in the hazy distance, while the White Mountains may be dis- tinctly seen on the western horizon. Passing up the Songo and Long Lake we reach Harrison village, the terminus of the steamer route. A short ride by coach, or private conveyance, brings us to the foot of 260 All-Rmind Route and Panoramic Guide, Hi: I Mil nil MOUNT PLEASANT. The ascent to this is steep, especially as we near the summit, which is 2,018 feet above the level of the sea. Reaching this, our toils and restrained curiosity are amply compensated by the magnificent view. A horizon of three hundred miles bounds the pros- pect ! — a prospect in many respects the finest in New England. Some fifty lakes and ponds may be distinctly seen from the summit by the naked eye, and the view far surpasses that offered from Mt. Washington, being unobstructed by clouds and neighboring mountains, and rich in all the varied characteristics of the beautiful, the sublime, and the picturesque. From Portland, twd or three different routes can be chosen, according to the time and inclination of the tra- veller. If desiring to go to New York direct, and pre- ferring a sea passage, the steamers of the Maine Steam- ship Co. ply regularly, and in fine weather this will be found an exceedingly pleasant trip. The fine steameis- Elenora, Franconia, and Chesapeake form a line leaving Franklin wharf, Portland, every Monday and Thursday afternoon ; they are fitted up with fine accommodation for passengers; passage, including state-room, $<;, meals extra. We shall, however, presume that the majority travelling intend to go via Boston, and, if possible, rest a while in that fine city, rather than hurry on at railroad speed, which cannot but prove tiresome. Therefore to such there is the choice of land or watet carriage. The Portland Steam Packet steamers, elegantly furnish- ed, of thorough sea-going qualities, leave Portland every evening for Boston, the passage occupying about ten hours ; by adopting this mode of conveyance,, passengers are landed after a complete night's rest, free Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 261 from the wf^ariness attending a journey by railway. Those preferring the road can take the train of the Eastern Railroad. A pleasant ride of 56 miles, and we arrive at the fine city of PORTSMOUTH, * New Hampshire. It is one of the oldest, most historic and attractive spots on the coast of New England. Within and around it are almost innumerable places and objects of interest to the tourist. It is situated on the westerly bank of the Piscataqua River, which separates the States of New Hampshire and Maine. It was the residence of the Royal Governors in colonial days, and was the first soil of New Hanipshire trod by the English. One of the interestingfeatures of the city is the "Governor Wentworth mansion," which was erected by him in 17SO. The United States navy-yard is located here. Within a radius of ten miles there are many charming places of resort accessible, both by land and water. The ocean view is extensive and very fine. The " Isle of Shoals " is a group of picturesque isles : with their quaint houses and numerous fleet of boats, they are points of great attraction during the summer season, and are seven miles distant from Portsmouth, with steamers plying daily. The principal Hotel in Portsmouth is the ^' Rockingham House," Mr. Frank W. Hilton, proprietor. It is built on the site of the former residence of Governor Langdon, and is a great favorite with the travelling public. Diverging from our direct route to Boston, we take the train of the Concord and Portsmouth Road, and a ride of fifty-nine miles brings us to the capital of the State of New Hampshire, ! ■ HI 262 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic G 'de. CONCORD, which contains many buildings of interest, built of the celebrated Concord granite. One of the principal beau- ties of Concord, which is situated on the west bank of the Merrimac River, is the abundance of trees shading its regularly laid out streets. It is a city of extensive trade, celebrated for its carriage manufactories and the superior quality and extent of its granite quarries. Returning to Portsmouth we proceed on our journey, and in due time arrive at Boston. portllAnd to boston, by sea. ^E purpose giving a brief notice of tlie many points ^ of interest along the coast between Portland and Boston, travelling via Portland Steam-packet Ca The first important place is CUSHING'S ISLAND, three miles from the city, and containing about 300 acres. It commands a magnificent ocean view, with fine beaches for bathing. Ten miles from Portland is OLD ORCHARD BEACH. The beach is 9 miles long, hard and smooth. More carriages can drive abreast on this noble beach, than could have been accommodated on the wide walls of Babylon." It is much visited, and is annually increasing in attractiveness. Three miles further and we reach SACO, ninety-five miles from Boston. It is a pleasant summer resort with a fine beach, and affording excellent bathing and fishing-. Saco Ponl phmif fi^r« rp;u„ ^:,,i.»_4. :, _ L Hsmm All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 265 nature- wrought basin in the rock, connected with the sea by a narrow passage about a quarter of a mile in length. It is emptied and filled by each changing tide. Another lO miles brings us to KENNEBUNK, principally noted for its ship building, carried on at the mouth of the Kennebunk River. WELLS, with its six miles of beautiful beach and its great induce- ments to sportsmen, lies five miles beyond. This town is. rapidly increasing in population and trade. Next is BALL HEAD CLIFF, rising abruptly from the sea to a height of about one hundred feet. The highest point of the cliff is called the " Pulpit. YORK BEACH, about 14 miles from Wells, is one of the finest beaches orr the coast. At low tide it is over 500 feet in width.. " The drive along it is pleasant, the horses' hoofs striking on the hard sand, making a fine accompaniment to the dashing of the waves, which, in fine weather, come in. with- a soft lulling sound, and in storms, with a noise like mighty thunder." We now approach a low-lying group of islands, known as the ISLE OF SHOALS, which derive their name from the •' shoaling of fish in- their vicinity in the proper season." These islands are it i|i ij f ! 264 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. very bleak and desolate in appearance, being composed of huge masses of granite bleached by exposure to the sun, and worn by the action of the waves. They were visited in 1 6 14. by the celebrated Capt. John Smith of *' Pocahontas fame." The shoals at low water consist of 6 islands, increased to 1 8 when at high water. Appledore, formerly known as Hog Island, is the largest. It is 75 feet high at its greatest elevation, and contains about 400 acres. On this a hotel has been erected. These islands fonm a nice summer resort, and one usually well patron- ized Proceeding on our trip, w- pass Fust's Point, and also Portsmouth. After Portsmouth ^^'e pass Shaw's Point, so named after Hon. F. Shaw, of Manchester, N. H., thence onward .':o RYE rJEACH, a very popular resort, at which are some of the finest hotels at any of the New Hampshire beaches. The views in this ineighborhood are extensive and very fine. IJttle Boar's Head, a promontory, 40 feet high and • projecting into the ocean, separates Rye Beach from HAMPTON I^EACH, a fine hard beach, nearly 3 miles in ext(*nt, affording ex- cellent drives, in which, at low tide, 18 or 20 teams may drive side by side. Here are also the best facilities for bathing and promenades. The drives in the vicinity are unsurpassed, and boating parties are the order of each day. The town of Hampton was first settled in 1638 by English emigrants. This town has been remarkable for its general health, and the long life of its inhabitants, i'iext in order is Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 266 SALISBURY, MASS., which is on the Merrimac River. At this point, visitors are directed to the birthplace of the mother of Daniel Webster, also the ancient house where Caleb Gushing was born. Salisbury Beach is 6 miles long, but not so solid as Rye and Hampton Beaches. SEABROOK, N. H., is noted as a point where whale-boat building was largely carried on, and is still an important place of industry. NEWBURVPORT, MASS., is located on the Merrimac River, and is considered one ■of the most beautiful cities in New England. It possesses many singular attractions. One point of special interest is the old church, the scene of Whitefield's labors, his tomb, his monumsn*:, and other relics. Oak Hill Cemetery is also worthy of a visit. The population is about 14,000 or 15,000. Beverly, Mass., is a town of some 7,000 inhabitants. It is 18 miles from Boston, and is connected by a bridge with SALEM, a town which, for historic interest, is not surpassed. From this town have gone forth many men whose names have become distinguished in the various walks of life. Its scientific and literary institutions are very important Next to Plymouth, Salem is the oldest town in New England, having been first settled in 1626. The rides in the vicinity are pleasant, and its proximity to the popular watering-places makes it a point of much attraction. IS ;l '!< !il i id 266 All-Rcnrnd Route and Panoramic Guide, SWAMPSCOTT is the favorite resort of the wealth and fashion of Boston to wh,ch cty ,t is as Long Branch is to New York. The b th,ng excellent, but the beaches are not so extend': as at other points. LVNN, tile headquarters of the shoe trade, i s ,, miles from Boston It is beautifully situated on the N. T7^.1Z M^aciu-setts Bay. Dungeon Rock is a spot freque tly v^ited, and H,gh Rock, near the centre of the city affords a fine point of view. Leaving this, a-short r jl bnngs us to the end of our journey, and we land at he wharves of the beautif4l city of Boston. PORTLAND TO HEW YORK DIRECT via RAIL AND LONG ISLAND SOUND. JHIS route offers special advantages to tourists, pass- 1 ng as It does through some of the finest cities and towns ,n the Eastern States, and also affording an Taking the Portland and Rochester road, we pass on Id T w "" °™' ""= ^""'^''^^ -d Nashua Rail- road to Worcester, there connecting with the Norwich and Worcester Road to Norwich, and onward to New London, vta New London and Northern Railroad. At this pomt connection is made with the Norwich Line of Steamers for New York Those of our tourists who de- cide upon th,s route can leave Portland daily, (Sundays excepted) at 2.30 p. m., by the Steamboat Express TraS with Drawing-room car attacheH ^nd "-''! -^-W— m N ew REFEREKCES. 1 . state House. 2. Public Librarj-. 3. Boston ii Maine R.B. 4. Depots of the Eastern R.B , and the Boston and Lowell R.B. 6. Boston & Alb'y. B.R. e.Old Colony B.B. 7. Hartford B.R. 8. Fitchburg R.B. 9. 7aii. 10. Medical College. 11. American Rouse. 12. Tremont House. 13. Bevere House. 14. Boston k Prov. B.R. 15. Ma Si ■A interest. The Court F )use on Court House Square; thr City Hall, on School street ; the Custom House, on State street ; the State House, overlooking the Common ; the Boston Public Library, on Boylston street ; the City 18 f ii! '-4L 274 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Hospital, on Harrison Avenue; Tremont Temple, on Tremont street ; the Masonic Temple, at the corner of Tremont and Boylston streets ; the Merchants' Exchange, on fState street ; the Athenaeum, on Beacon street, are !Z < < o IS % o all points which should be visited. In the vicinity of Boston proper are man) sights of great interest. All-Roil lid Route and Panoramic Guide. 2T5 > > 276 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide, HARVAKIJ UNIVERSITY. This venerable seat of learning is at Cambridge, three miles from the city of Boston. It was founded in \6r^ by the Rev. John Hansard. The University embraces, besides its collegiate departments, law, medical, and theological schools. The buildings are 15 in number, all located in Cambridge, except that of the Medical School in North Grove street, in Boston. Gore Hall and bni- KNTKANCfi TO MOUNT AUBURN CEMETKRY. vcrsity Hall are handsome edifice the former containing the library, and the latter the chapel, lecture-room, &c. Holden Chapel contdAm the Anatomical Museum. The Observatory and telescope are of very great interest. MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY, about a mile from Harvard University, and about four miles from Boston, by the Road from Old Cambridge to "■HHiii wywy.iwM'iaiisg All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. '277 \ 278 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. Watertown, constitutes one of the sights of Boston, and should be seen by every vJiitor. It is the property of the Massachusetts HornnutMml Society, was consecrated September 24, 1831, and contains 140 acres. It is the oldest, and by many considered the most beautiful of American rural burying-places. The gateway is of Quincy granite, and cost $io.ogo. /he Chapel, an ornamented Gothic edifice of granite, with stained glass windows, contains statues of Winthrop, Otis, Johrk BUNKKK iriLL MONUMENT. Adams, and Judge Story. The Tower, 60 feet in height in the rear of the grounds, is 187 feet above Charles River, and commands a wide and charming view for many miles. Cars run from the station in Bowdoin All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 279 Square via Cambridge (Harvard College), every 15 minutes, during the day, and until half-past eleven o'clock at night. Bunker Hill Monument, commemora- tive of the eventful battle fought on the spot, is in Charleston, occupying the site of the old redoubt on Breed's Hill. The observatory at the top of this structure commands a magnificent view, embracing a wide extent of land and water scenery. The journey up is somewhat tedious, traversing nearly 300 steps. The dedication of this monument took place June 17, 1843. On the hill is a stone marking the spot where Warren fell. Horse-cars run from the head of Tremont street to the monument. THE UMTEI) STATES NAVY -YARD, extending between the mouths of li.e Charles and Mystic rivers, and embracing about 100 acres in extent, is near the Bunker Hill Monument. There are many other points worthy of a visit In fact to note even the more prominent would require more space than our work would permit. A very full and in- teresting account of the city and its public oflfices may be seen by purchasing a copy of "Boston Illustrated," pub- lished by Messrs. J. R. Osgood & ( o. The facilities for reaching these cannot be excelled, as the means of •' getting about " in Boston are generally better, as weil as chep )er, than in most American cities. By all means, we urge the tourist to thoroughly " do " the city of Bos- ton. Leaving Boston, we now make our way onward to New York, and deposit the tourist at the place from which we started with him, and in doing this we will again leave him to his choice, as there are several. The 280 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. most popular is that via the Old Colony and Fall River Line R. R., and the beautiful steamers Bristol and Pro- vidence. The Old Colony road is the only Railroad Line in America with the celebrated English compartment coaches, and to increase the pleasure of the whole route, first-class Brass, String and Reed Bands accompany each steamer, and Grand Promenade Concerts are given on board. This is a lovely trip, the boats are elegant and comfortable in all their appointments, and in a few hours the tourist will be landed safely in thi great city of New York. FROM MONTREAL TO NEW YORK DIRECT. IN order to me^t all classes of tourists, we have con- sidered it advisable to say a few words in regard to the routes to New York out of Montreal. There are many who may doubtless desire, after making a short stay in Montreal, to return home direct, from lack of time or other causes to visit the lower St. Lawrence, and, although our Guide accompanies the through travellers, a few hints and recommendations to those giving up the tour at Montreal may not come amiss. Three routes lie at the choice of passengers, two "all rail," and the third, rail and water combined. During the summer season, the train via the Central Vermont Rail- way leaves the depot at Montreal in the afternoon, reach- ing New York about noon the following day. Passengers may travel via Troy or Springfield, according as they may elect to take their passages. The other all rail route is via the Delaware & Hudson Canal Railroad, leaving Montreal during the afternoon, and reaching New York early the following morning. ▲DVERTT8EMENT8. ifl R. C. WILSON, ^36 ST. JAMES STREET, Betlween Savage k J/yman'a Jewellery Estatdinhment and Ottawa Hotel, MONTREAL.. Tailor and Clothieb, entlemen'8 Haberdasher & Outfitter. Only the best quality tiul most Stylish (Joods kept on hand. {sotGti and \^^^\ {w6sd$ ui |ngiik$. Has on hand a complete Stock of Goods in the iiboTe-meationed De- jartments, and would mention especially his stock of CENTS' aLOVES IlNf ZID, CHEVEBETTE AND SOaSEIN ^ IN 1 and 2 BUTTONS, ALSO LISLE THEEAD AND SILE. CARWRIGHT AND WARNER'S MERINO UNDER- CLOTHING AND SOCKS, MARTIN AND DUNCANS BEST LONDON-I/IADE bILK UMBRELLAS. SHIBTS, COLLARS ANB CUFFS Made to order on the shottest notice. My arrangemsnts enable me to iill orders for clothing in 24 hours, in a I superior manner. /**«»«• W 'ITTt iffsJ* /SiSnv As X^pafcEstE o»**^ Can •WUMIIV. f**LM«"' rrA ^■moca\ ,o.*>»<^U^/ '"■wfs* V ir»aa*« JBI lTB» ao"^*"*? OM auBLM UTO M •'^Tl VIA ©roBto, Ottawa, ^loMtMJt, Qiieibec WHITE MOhiSiTAifvio n^». LANU, ADVERTI8F.MENT8. I i J " R. C. WILSON, 236 ST. JAMES STREET, Beifwetn Savage & Lyrhin's Jewellery Establishment and Ottawa Hotel, MONTREAL-. • Tailor an: 8 Only the best quality and most Stylisli Goods kept on hand. Clothier Has on hand a complete Stock of Goods in the above-mentioned De- partments, and would mention especially his stock of GENTS' GLOVES IN KID, CHEVERETTE AND DOGSKIN IN 1 and 2 BUTTONS, ALSO LISLE THREAD AND SILK- CARTWR/GHT AND WARNER'S MERINO UNDER- CLOTHING AND SOCKS, MARTIN AND DUNCANS BEST LONDON-MADE bILK UMBRELLAS. SHIBTS, COLLJ.es AMD CUFFS Made to order on the shortest notice. My arrangements enable me to fill orders for clothing in 24 hours, in a BUpsrior mauaer. 50N, STREET, hment and Ottawa Hotel, THIFR ) ods kept on hand. s anti SiiEsyns, mi Inpila^. the above-mentioned De- ck of DTE AND DOaSKIN 10 LISLE MERINO UNDFR- GKS, LONDON-MADE 8. IIB CTJFF3 !St notice. clothing in 24 hours, in a MM -'**», ,•*♦ A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 281 Another route referred to, is via Plattsburg and Lake Champlain. This is a very favorite vay of going to New York, and is so well-known and appreciated that little requires to be said in recommendation of it. During the pleasure season, trains leave the depot, Montreal, for Plattsburg, connecting at that place with the very fine boats of the Champlain Transportation Company, for Burlington and Ticonderoga. Those leaving Montreal by the evening train will find it a very pleasant break in the journey to remain over night in Plattsburg, and take the boat the following day. For complete information on the starting of train's ar J steamboats, we would advise all tourists to secure a copy of the International Railway and Steam Navigation Guide, which may be relied on to furnish information up to the latest possible time prior to publication (semi- monthly.) ALL RAIL ROJTE TO NEW YORK. Those who adopt this route vv"" proceed direct from Montreal to St. Albans. Before reaching this point, however, we would invite the tourist to accompany us to one of the most delightful Parks in the State of Ver- mont. MISSISQUOI PARK, lately established by the Central Vermont Railroad, at which they have placed a station, distant about 1 2 miles from St. Alban ,, ,c - d a few rods north of Highgate Springs, the great sum le* -esort of Northern Vermont. This is a new attraction to this delightful neighborhood ; for as rich as Vermont \? in lovely localities, there is none more favored by nature than that which has been known for 282 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. years and years as " Lover's Lane," at Highgate Springs. It is a delightful combination of grassy lawn, grand old elms and butternuts, pungent cedars, moss-grown rocks and silvery waters. Though easy of access, it is hardly less wild and romantic than in the days long gone, when the dusky Iroquois fished in the waters of the Bay. The Canada line of the Central Vermont Railroad leaves excursionists quite near the grounds, which --, in fact, easy of access to most of the cities and town, in' Vermont, Lower Canada and Northern New York, by means of the perfected railway system of the corporation having it in charge. A pleasant ramble i^ obtained on leaving the excur- sion train at the spacious landing, passing through the intervale, which separates the road from the grounds, over a broad plank walk terminating in an arched gate- way, bearing the inscription, " Missisquoi Park," Up an easy, grr ssy grade we reach the big Pavilion, erected upon 2. plateau on Elm Ridge. Stopping to admire the artistic beauty of its architecture a moment, and, may- hap, to watch the merry dancers, we pass to the north, down a winding path, and out to the attractive little spring-house of •' Iroquois Spring," where we quench our thirst with its famous mineral waters.' Back, through " Camp Chittenden," we again visit Elm Ridge, reaching it by means of a delightful winding path, up through grim, gray rocks, past rustic seats in cosy nooks, till we reach the band stand. Passing southward we soon find the beautiful little Ice Cream Pavilion. Down through Butternut Walk we go, out upon the green, grassy open- ing of " Lover's Lane." On the right is " Elm Ridge," with its graceful elms and butternuts; on the left. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 283- " Cedar Ridge," thickly covered with the fragrant ever- greens, while falling away in a long, gentle slope, the green lane meets the silvery water of the Bay. Strolling down past the Croquet Grounds, the Big Swings, the Family Tables, under the Four Brothers, we take " Pic- nic Avenue," just where it starts from the foot of the lane. This is one of the most delightful and popular walks on the grounds. The way is winding and easy, among the cedars and moss-grown rocks, on the west of the ridge and overlooking Kingfisher's Bay. The avenue is well up above the water, almost overhanging it m places, a strong rail now and then standing guard. Rustic benches are conveniently placed, where parties with their lunch baskets can picnic, while watching the gay skiffs and merry bathers. Here, where a cleft in the rock comes up to meet the avenue, easy steps lead down to the Bath House. Passing along we come to Point Lookout, from whence we gaze in admiration across the waters upon the bold, picturesuue bluff in Phillipsburgh, just over the border. Over the Bay, to the left, is the green fringed shore of Alburgh, while far over the waters can be seen the church spires of Clarence- ville and Henryville, thrifty Canadian vil!-.ges. Away to the north stands Scotch Mountain, senlinel-like over Her Majesty's Dominion. Crossing the Rustic Bridge, which spans Kingfishei's Bay, we reach the Boat House at Sargent's. In a skiff we visit Rock Island and inspect its rocky sides, furrowed with the beating of the waves for centuries. Back again and over the bridge, we scramble up the hill-side, and soon find ourselves once more in Lover's Lane. The Pavilion is a graceful structure, Swiss-like in architecture, and finished much more elaborately than 284 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. such buildings generally are. The main part is 35 X30 feet, in which are located the Superintendent's office, telegraph office, cloak and parcel room, waiting-room; ladies' room and kitchen. The kitchen is supplied with range and all other necessary conveniences. Running out from this building is the Pavilion proper, 31x60 feet, with open sides, and provided with movable tables and seats, to be used for both dining and dancing. The little building at the right of the main part is the office of the " Bay View;' a daily paper, published every excursion day, of especial interest to every excursionist. The Ice Cream Stand is one of the attractions of the park. It is a tasteful structure, well arranged for the purpose, and under tl^e direction of Dunton, the well known and popular restaurant proprietor of St. Albans. Here ice cream, cake, and soda water can be obtained. At the Bath House bathing costumes can be obtained at a nominal sum. The water is shallow near the shore, gradually deepening ; rhe bottom hard, smooth sandi making safe and pleasant bathing. The Boating in Missisquoi Bay is unsurpassed. The boat livery of twenty-five light running skiffs, in charge af Sargent, is always in first-class order, and ready for instant use. Most of the boats are new this season, and seldom such a fine collection is seen. Safe and pleasant rowing is always assured here, owing to the location of the little bays. It may be well to state that to Canadian waters it is but an easy row. The fishing hereabouts is the best on Lake Champlain. This has long been the angler's paradise, and catches of five-pound bass and ten-pound pickerel are almost daily occurrences. Missisquoi Bay is well known to be the breeding ground of the fish of the lake. All sea.sons ft Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 285 of the year fish of some kind can be caught, through the hottest days of August, and the ice of December. Trolling is the most common mode of fishing, though with expert anglers, live bait and the fly are the most popular. The entire grounds, the pavilion, the kitchen, the spring water, croquet grounds and patent swings, are all free for the use of excursionists. Sixteen miles north of St Albans are the celebrated ALBURGH SPRINGS, much resorted to by invalids. The power and extent of their healing qualities are well established. Passing on- ward from St Albans, after a ride of eighteen miles,, Essex Junction is reached. From this point the tourist may continue his journey to Bellow's Falls via White River Junction or Rutland. As there are many points of interest on either route, we shall mention the more prominent ones. Passing by the first route named, we speedily reach Montpelier,. the Capital of Vermont MOHTPEL.IER. is on the Winooski river, and stands on what is said to have formerly been the bed of a lake. It is most plea- santly situated, and possesses many buildings worthy of the tourist's inspection. WATERBURY, ^Yt.) This pretty village, on the line of the Central Ver- mont Railroad, twelve miles north of Montpelier, is situated amid the heights of the Green Mountains, and surrounded by magnificent scenery and pictur- 286 AU-Round Route and Panoramic 3uide. esque views, which, added to good roads, elegant drives, and pure air, make it a most desirable place of resort. It is twenty miles from the summit of rvlount Mansfield, and ten miles from Mount Mansfield Hotel, a celebrated summer resort ; eight miles from Camel's" Hump, a lofty mountain of almost equal attraction and notoriety ; four miles from the great Winooski River, where the rocks form a natural bridge across the river, and large caves, where the Indians once n ade their homes; traces of the latter are still plainly to he seen. Waterbury Hotel is a well-appointed house, only a few rods from the depot, is very pleasant, large and roomy, with long, wide, double verandas, and a special dancing-hall, croquet grounds, and good stabling for horses, also a fine livery stable connected with the house. Elegant six horse-coaches leave here morning and even- ing for Stowe and Mount Mansfield. THE YIIxLAGE OF STOWE, Situated in the Lamoille valley, completely flanked by mountains,— the most conspicuous of which are Mansfield and Worcester,— is the delightful village of Stowe, con- taining a population of over 2,000 inhabitants. Stages connect with trains, morning and afternoon, at Water- bury, ten miles distant, on the Vermont ^Central, and at Morrisville, eight miles distant, on the Portland and Ogdensburg R. R. At Stowe is the famous MOUNT MANSFIELD HOTEL. A large and elegant structure, with its beautiful and splendid surroundings. It is 300 feet long, four stories high with two wings in the rear, 45 by 90 feet, and a broad piazza running the entire length of the front. The hotel has rooms for 450 guests. An extensive Livery All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 287 Stable is connected with this hotel, where the best of tea ns, or horses for saddle use can always be obtained. All the appointments and burroundin5^^1 of the house arc first-class in every lospect, and arranged vith special reference to the convenience, comfort and pleasure of guests. F'om the observatory of the house are seen the village at .in feet , the valley for many miles at the north-east ; Worcester mountain range at the east ; Camel's Hump at the south ; while at the west, Old Mount Mansfield towers in all its hoary grandeur. The mountain appears of eculiar shape, the outine of its .ummit resembling the human face, turned upward in a reclining posture. The north peak represents the chin, the middle the nose, and the southern the forehead. The Chin, the highest summit, is 4,348 feet above the sea-level, and is the highest of the whole Green Moun- tain range. It is 3,800 feet above the village of Stowe, and 340 feet above the middle peak, or the Nose, which is 160 feet above the southern peak, the Forehead. The mountain summit is nine miles distant from the hotel which bears its name. There is a good carriage road from Stowe to the Summit House, which is situated at the very base of the Nose. For the first five miles this road is over the usual travelled highway ; when the mountain base is reached, the road branches off and the ascent commences. The path, however, is not very steep, and is kept in excellent order. Two miles and a half of a pretty steep ascent, for the greater part of the way through a magnificent forest, brings the traveller to the Half-way House. Here one ought to make a long pause to admire the splendid view spread out before him. The lovely valley of Stowe, which has just been left with its smooth green farms, lies at his feet, and 1^ .\^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h 1.0 I.I 11.25 ■ iO "■^~ ;^ m 2.5 12.2 2.0 18 1.4 111.6 — 6" V] o ^> 7: ? ^ />y r fliotographic Sciences Cbrporaticn 23 WEST MAIN STREET WESSTER.NY. 14560 (716)872-4503 288 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. beyond, the hills and higher summits of the Green Mountains. In a clear day the summit of Mount Washington is dimly visible, though partially hidden by the nearer hills. A clear spring of pure water, a little distance away may be visited before starting on the ascent of the remaining one and a half miles of the peak. The journey is soon accomplished in an agreeable and pleasant manner, requiring only about three hours' time from Mt. Mansfield Hotel to the summit. The view is hidden by the trees for the greater part of the way, but occasionally we catch surprising glimpses of a wooded ravine, extending to the very base of the mountain, and far away to the north is Smuggler's Notch, through whose flowing walls atfe seen pleasant vistas, closed in the distance by beautiful green fields. Arrived at the base of the Nose, we repair to THE SUMMIT HOUSE. The house is neatly and thoroughly finished and fur- nished. It is finely situated, near the summit of the mountain, full 4,000 feet above the level of the sea, and commands the fine view of the valley of the Stowe,. towards the west, the wooded side of Mt. Mansfield being visible to its very base, with no intervening sum- mit to obstruct the vision, the scene being only closed in by the White Mountain range. Directly over the Summit House towers the Nose,. 4,008 feet above the sea-level. Its ascent is made by a rough path on the western side, much resembling a flight of stairs. The northern side presents a steep and precipitous descent, down which you may look from the summit at least 500 feet. Several large pieces of the clifl" have, from time to time, been detached and fallen A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 289 in picturesque ruins below. It is but a short walk from the hotel to the Nose. To ascend the Chin, however, requires more time, though the journey is less fatiguing. There is no such precipitous and giddy ascent, but the mountain slopes gently and gracefully away towards the hotel. It is distant about a mile and a half from the Summit House, and requires a longer time than the ascent of the Nose. As it is some 300 feet higher than the Nose, it conse- quently commands a more extended view. The scene that is spread out before the eye, on either of the summits is gorgeous and beautiful in the extreme. Spreading out before you on the west is the level, fertile land of Western Vermont, diversified by pretty hills, bordered by the silver waters of Lake Champlain, with the deep blue Adirondack Hills in the far distance be- yond. This view is singularly attractive. You see the farm-houses clustering into villages ; you can follow the courses of the winding, trout-laden streams among the hills and for'^^ts ; you can see the dark green of the waving grain and can almost distinguish the farmers at their toil. The hills of Montreal may be seen to the north, and on a pleasant day the glistening spires of that city. The whole of Lake Champlain, from Fort Ticon- deroga to the extreme north, lies stretched out before you. Burlington, on its shore, can be easily identified. Owl's Head, on the shores of Lake Memphremagog, lies away to the north. In the south, rise Camel's Hump and others of the Green Mountain Range. From the Chin you may also look down into Smuggler's Notch, and even descend into it, if you have time and the ne- cessary pluck. On the way to the Chin may be seen, in many places, 19 290 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. parallel lines marked on the rocks in a uniform north and south direction. These have attracted much atten- tion from geologists, who suppose they were left there by the glacier, when the mountain was covered by snow and ice, and it carried huge stones in its cold embrace. In one place are two huge boulders deposited on the mountain too, with the lines they made in reaching the eminence, visible a few feet from them. The " Old Man of Mansfield Mountain " will be pointed out to you on the eastern side of the Nose. The profile is quite excellent and the features possess an in- teresting regularity. Having taken in all the beauties and glories accessible from the Summit, wq bid our host of the Summit House good-bye, and easily and quickly make the descent, and are soon driven back to the palatial Mt. Mansfield House. The next important point reached is WHITE RIVER JUNCTIOII, at which point the Northern Railway, the Connecticut Valley and the Passumpsic River Roads connect. The Junction House at this place has long been a favorite with the travelling public, and offers special attractions for tourists. This House is under management of the Messrs. A. T. & O. F. Barron, already namea in connec- tion with the Crawford House, White^ Mountains. From this point, passing over the Central Vermont Railroad, a ride of 40 miles brings us to BELLOW'S FALLS, the most prominent town in Vermont At this point the Connecticut River is compressed into a space less than 50 in- All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. 291 feet wide, and through this narrow gorge all the water must flow. The River makes a descent of 50 feet, though there is not any one perpendicular fall. In the rocks near the Falls are points which will prove of inter- est to the antiquarian. Returning to accompany those who proceed via the Rutland Route, a ride of 59 miles from Essex Junction, and the thriving town of BRANDON is reached. This town contains two singular caverns worthy of a visit. Minerals of different kinds abound, and extensiye marble quarries are also in operation. Leaving Brandon we pass RUTLAND. This place is best known in connection with the cele- brated marble quarries, fiom which large quantities of fine white marble are annually shipped by railroads From this point the tourist, by taking the Rensselaer and Sara- toga Road, can proceed direct to Troy, and thence by the Hudson River Road to New York. He may, however, continue his journey from Rutland to Bellow's Falls, thence via Connecticut River Railway to New Haven, passing on his way through SPRINGFIELD, with its celebrated factories and substantially built edi- fices, and, should he feel desirous of remaining over, he ■could not do better than take up his abode, during his st^y in the place, at the Massasoit House, Messrs. M. & E. S. Chapin, proprietors, where we can assure him that all the comforts desirable will be readily obtained, and h I 292 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. will leave the city with pleasant recollections of his visit. The distance between New Haven and New York will be speedily traversed, and the tourist will find himself once more in the Metropolis. TO NEW YORK AND BOSTON, via SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY. Another, and exceedingly pleasant and popular direct route between Montreal, Boston and New York, is that via the South Eastern Railway and its connections. The tourist by adopting this route passes through the most enchanting regions of Canada, Central Northern Ver- mont, and the beaytiful Lakes of Memphremagog and Winnepesaukee. From Montreal to Lake Memphrema- gog, going over the South Eastern Railroad, the scenery is the finest to be found in Lower Canada and it is the charm and attraction of this route to pleasure travellers that it affords a continuous panorama of Mountain, Lake and River views," which are nowhere surpassed in their attractive loveliness. There are Jay Peak and Owl's Head, Lake Memphremagog, Crystal Lake, the White rlountains. Lake Winnepesaukee, and the lovely Pas- sumpsic, Connecticut and Merrimac River Valleys, and the whole route forms a most delightful and fascinating trip. For those who have not the time .or the wish to visit either thfe Mountains or the Lakes, this roads affords at- tractions equally strong with those it presents to pleasure travellers. Leaving Montreal at Grand Trunk Station and passing onward by Chambly, the tourist speedily finds himself winding through the lovely Mountains, passing at the foot AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 293 of Jay Peak. The name ' Green Mountains ' is truly ap- propriate, and it may be applied to the green hills which surround us on every hand. Scarcely has the tourist passed this pomt until the flourishing town of Newport Vt, .s reached Approaching this town the road skirts the shores of the beautiful Lake Memphremagog, which IS well worthy of a visit LAKE MEMPHREMAGOG is a beautiful sheet of water, situated partly in Vermont and partly in Canada. It is 35 miles long, and varies from 2 to 5 miles in width. Its shores are rock-bound and mdented with beautiful bays, between which jut out bold, wooded headlands, backed by mountain mnges Newport ,s at the head of the Lake. It has a good hotel and -several churches, and a rapidly increasing population. From his pomt a steamer starts every day, and plies the whole length of the Lake. • JAY PEAK should be visited if time permit. It is 4000 feet high and commands a fine view of the entire range of the Green Mountains, the Franconia Range, and the Adirondacks, with Lake Champlain also. The owl's head rises 3000 feet above the Lake, and commands, in fine weather, an extensive view. There are several points of mtei est along the Lake and its vicinity. A drive to Mount Orford, the highest mountain in the Province of Quebec could not fail to give pleasure. On the southern shore of the Lake IS a wonderful natural curiosity, known as the Balance Rock, a large mass of granite poised on a narrow point. 294 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. The eastern shore of the Lake in this vicinity is much improved and adorned with handsome residences, the owl's head— on the west SHOKE of lake MEMPllllEMAGOG. finest being the beautiful summer villa of Sir Hugh Allan, of Steamship fame. Mount Elephantis, or Sugar i^oaf Mountain, is seen to advantage from this point. MOUNT ORFOBD— THE HIGHEST MOUNTAIN IN LOWER CANADA. At Newport, connection is made with the Connecticut and Passumpsic River Road, which passes through the , All-Round Route and Panoramtc Guide. 295 beautiful Passumpsic valley, with its romantic scenery and thriving towns and villages. At Wells River, the tourist BALANCE ROCK. Will take the Boston, Concord, Montreal, and Wnite Mountain Railway, which passes through some of the OWL-S HEAD AND MOUNT ELKPHANTIS-AS .KKX K.U.M THK ,>An,HOAU, XORTH OK NEWl'oll'l'. finest scenery imaginable, and traverses for a distance of over 20 miles the shores of the ever charming Lake Win- i 296 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ^ nepesaukee. Arriving at Concord, the tourist takes the Concord Railway to Nashua, thence over the Boston, Lowell and Nashua Railroad to the city of Boston. At Well's River, the tourist may with but little loss of time visit the whole of the grand scenery of^ the White Mountains. In fact, for variety of scene, comfort in tra- vel, and other advantages, this homeward route has much to commend it to the tourist. Tourists for New York pass from Wells River to White River Junction, via Connecticut and Passumpsic River Railroad, thence to South Vernon via Central Vermont. The journey is then continued via Connecticut River Rail- road, through Springfield, and via New Haven, Hartford and Springfield to New York. LAKE CHAMPIxAIN ROUTE. We have thought it desirable to add to our Guide a brief sketch of one of the most interesting and attractive lines of travel presented in the whole country. It is ren- dered such by the exquisite and varied beau'y of the scenery, by the thrilling historic associations impressed upon it, by the rare accommodation and comfort of its steamers to the tourist, and by being the most direct and eligible route between Saratoga, the White Mountains, Mount Mansfield, the Adiiondacks, Montreal and Quebec. It combines many decided and peculiar advantages, and prominent among these is the pleasant change from the dust and heat of the cars to the spacious and airy stea- mers. Lake Champlain stretches a distance of I20 miles, almost due north and south, and seems designed by the hand of Nature to form an avenue of commerce and social intercourse. Travellers, who have widely explored the All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 297 objects of interest in the New and Old World, unite in pronouncing the waters and environs of Champlain the most beautiful and impressive the eye can rest upon. Varied features unite to complete the panorama. The waters of the Lake, whether reposing in a calm, or surging under the power of a tempest, are indescribably beautiful ; but this attraction is infinitely enhanced by the islands, which, in varied forms, stud its bosom ; by the peninsu- las which pierce it ; and by the bold, rocky precipices that hang over the Lake. The shores on either side are impressive and beautiful : now a long line of rugged cliffs, crowned by dense forests, appears, and now, smiling in luxurious ranges of culture and elegance, embellished by farm houses, mansions and villages, with their glittering spires. All this scene of beauty is enhanced by the dark framework of mountains, that impart magnificence to the whole. Passengers leaving Montreal by the Montreal and Chambly Division of the Grand Trunk Railway will cross the mammoth Victoria Bridge, and are rapidly transported to Plattsburg, where they will remain over night taking the majestic steamers of the Champlain Transportation Co. next morning. These vessels are models of elegance, neatness and comfort. They are regarded as second to none on the continent for their power and safety, the per- fect accommodatien they afford, their spacious state- rooms and cabins, and the sumptuous tables they spread. Having reached Plattsburg, which modern events have rendered the most conspicuous point on the Lake, the tourist will soon discover that a sojourn of more than a single day will be required for an inspection of its varied objects of interest. The military works made memorable 298 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. in the siege of Plattsburg in 1814. will claim his attention, nor w.ll he fail to make a pilgrimage to the military graves. „i the cemetery. The drives are delightful, and that to the Ausable Chasm must not in any event be neglected. The Fouquet House is one of the great institutions of 1 lattsburg. It has been established more than seventy years, and conducted by the same family, until recently purchased by Mr. Paul Smith, and leased to Mr D FOUQUET HOUSE, I'LATTSBUUO. McBride, who will spare no pains to maintain the es- Hbhshed reputation which this first-class House has acquired. The present House, erected about fifteen years ago, by the elegant accommodation it afTords, alike in the superiority of its rooms and the character of its table the great beauty of the edifice, the magnificent views from the roof and spacious corridors, is inferior in attrac- tions to no place of resort in the domain of pleasure travel. There is also a beautiful Fl'ower Garden contain- All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 2t){^ ing two acres, attached to the house, and kept in excel- lent order. The tourist will find the Fouquet House the nearest starting point for the Adirondacksand the White Mountains. The small island lying to the left, on leaving Plattsburg, was named St. Michael by the French ; it was occupied after the battle of 1814, as an ^hospital, and was then known as " Hospital Island." but is now called " Crab Island." We immediately after enter Valcour Strait, in which the first action in 1776 occurred, between the British and American fleets. The tiny islet south of Valcour, tradition asserts, was at an early period occupied successively by the French and British naval officers, for the cultivation of vegetables and;flowers, and it still bears the name of "Garden Island." Nearly opposite this island is situated the Delta of the Ausable River— a sin- gularly beautiful stream. We next reach Port Kent, an important landing-place for the rich valley of the Ausable River. It is five miles from the flourishing village of Keeseville, and three miles from the Ausable Chasm. This wonderful work of nature attracts yearly increasing crowds of visitors. It has been pronounced that a view of this scene rewards a voyage from Europe ; the pen and the pencil equally fail in attempts to adequately delineate it, — to be appreciated, it should be deliberately explored and surveyed. No traveller in pursuit of pleasure, or de- sirous to examine the phenomena of nature, should omit to devote a sufficient time to the inspection of this most interesting spot. It is formed by the egress of the Ausable River, from the northern end of the Adirondack Mountains into Lake Champlain. The river has carved a channel in some places reaching a depth of two hundred . m \ « • • t ■ j i • * . * * < - i !. * <• • -300 All-Rorind Route and Panoramic Guide. AUSABLE CHASM. Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 301 feet, leaving precipices of every shape towering above the dark water. At one place the river is compressed to a breadth of only ten feet. The waters dash madly through their confined channel and are precipitated over falls^ cascades, and rapids, the first fall being twenty, and the second, sixty feet high. The length of the Chasm proper is nearly two miles, and its sides and top are fringed with cedars, which cast a sombre shadow over it, and add to its mysterious grandeur. The Ausable Company have made extensive improvements to facilitate the access and easy exploration of this wonderful gorge. The chasm may be reached, via Port Kent from Burlington or Plattsburg, from Keeseville, or the depot at Peru ; or a particularly pleasant route is enjoyed by a drive of twelve miles from Plattsburg along the margirt oi the Lake. The Grand Trunk Railway have issued tickets the present season, permitting passengers to stop off at PlattsDurg, and visit the Chasm. Mount Trembleau, a graceful promontory interesting as being the last spur of the Alleghanies upon the Lake, stan-^s immediately south of Port Kent. The steamer now enters upon the widest portion of the lake. A panoramic view is here unfolded, which blends, in rare felicity and beauty, the wildest magnificence with the most exquisite loveliness; the waters spread out in a broader expanse than the eye can easily embrace, and are broken, and embellished by countless islands and headland. Burlington reposes in tranquil beauty in the east, and beyond are delineated the outlines of the Green Mountains, with the profile of each summit clearly defined upon the horizon. In the west, Lion Mountain and the bi-oken groups of the Adirondacks pierce the sky in \ 302 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. unnumbered peaks. At times, when we contemplate the western sky, in the declining day, and the atmosphere is radiant with the beams of the setting sun, the scene becomes grand and gorgeous beyond description,— earth . and air, mountains and lakes, are bathed in a glorious and universal effulgence. On the left, near the Vermont shore, stands a massive lighthouse which is erected on a reef, and seems to arise from the bosom of the water. Burlington appears to peculiar advantage as we approach* and is conspicuous among New England cities for the beauty of its location, its attractive elegance, and high prosperity. Many of its public edifices and private man- sions are among^ the finest of graceful and elegant architecture. Almost in the track of the steamer, in her southern route, « Rock Dunder," a high conical rock, rises from the lake, just beyond the harbor of Burlington! This was probably the great rock " Riggio," celebrated in colonial annals, and believed to have been, before the eye of Champlain rested upon the beautiful waters of the lake, established by treaty as the boundary between the Mohawks and their hereditary enemies, the Algonquins. Soon after Shelburn Bay, will be observed, a deep in- dentation on the left This is the great shipyard of the Steamboat Co., where they construct their vessels, and collect their condemned hulks, here to fall into decay. The vast form of Mount Mansfield towers remotely in the north-east. On the eastern horizon, the tourist will descry a lofty peak jutting up from the Green Mountains. The imagining of a slight fancy will delineate the "King of Beasts " reposing amid the clouds, bis erect head, his flowing mane and huge rocky paws. The French called the mountain the "Lion Conrhan^ " T}.^ *o„- 1:^.^1, Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 303 islets, lying nearly at the cardinal points, designated by the French the '' Isles-des-quatre-venuts," are now known as the Four Brothers. Near these islands Arnold fought his last battle with Carlton. At the foot of the long peninsula, on the western shore, now named Willsboro* Point, is the mouth of an important stream, the Bouquet river, embowered by trees and bushes. This was the sight of Gilland's colony in 1765, and the scene of Burgoyne's famous Indian Treaty. Soon after we pass the beautiful village of Essex. ThVee miles beyond, and near the Light House we are approaching, is a remark- able natural curiosity. This is "Split Rock," {Roche f endue of the French), a naked cone separated from the mainland by a narrow fissure, and seems to have been carved from the rock itself. We next reach the pleasant village of Westport Nine miles beyond, we stop at the thriving village of Port Henry, where the immense pro- duct of the iron ore beds of that district is shipped in every direction. In the passage from Essex the dark sierra of the Green Mountains is distinctly revealed, tracing a marked outline upon the horizon, while dis- located spurs of the Adirondacks are occasionally pro- jected from the beetling mountains into the lake, but their rough and rugged forms do not betray the inex- haustible wealth teeming in their bosoms. Directly south of Port Henry, across Bullwagga Bay, is situated the Peninsula of Crown Point. Chimney Point, which was occupied by the French in 1731, and the ruins of Crown Point, are on opposite sides of the lake, and separated by a narrow passage ; there the expanse of the lake ter- minates, and the long river-like channel, which continues to Whitehall, commences. When we contemplate the 304 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i silence and repose which now rests upon Crown Point we can hardly reah'ze that, in a former epoch, it was animated by the pomp and glories of war, or that it was once the mart of a large commerce, conducted by a busy population. We soon pass the draw of the railroad bridge, a work of great importance and interest. The tourist will next perceive the venerable ruins of old " Fort Ti — ," or Ticonderoga looming up on a high rocky cliff at the confluence of the waters of Lakes George and Champlain. Mount Defiance stands on the opposite of the former, and Mount Independence on the eastern shore of the Lake. Ticonderoga is now the southern terminus of the Steamboat Line, and here connection is made with trains to Lake George, or to Whitehall^ Saratoga and southern points. The completion of the railroad line between Lakes George and Champlain is an attractive feature of the Lake George route, as a tedious stage ride is avoided. There are two daily lines of steamers each way through Lake George to Caldwell. ^FORT GEORGE HOTEL. The attention of tourists and parties, who intend staying any length of time at Lake George, is next directed to this favorite hotel, which is situated near the head of the lake, and offers every attraction to the transient guest, but is more fully designed for families and parties who desire to remain by the week, month or season, and where they can find every convenience pertaining to a first-class Summer Hotel. The location is unsurpassed by any hotel on the Lake, and is the only one exposed to the southern breezes. A broad piazza surrounds the \srlirv1f r . XC — . All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 305 of the lake and surrounding mountains. The air is pure and dry, and persons can spend the entire evening on the piazza without being molested in the least by damp- ness. The grounds are extensive and very tastefully laid out, extending from the hotel down to the lake shore, containing flower lawns, shady walks, playgrounds for children &c. The drainage is perfect, being carried away by water running under ground. Adjoining and connected with the hotel are pleasant cottages, with accommodation for over fifty guests, also private table or meals in the hotel dining-room. The hotel grounds supply fresh vegetables, and pure cream and milk in abundance. All steamers touch at the Fort George Hotel landing, and four and six horse-stages leave the hotel tri-daily for Glenn's Falls, connecting with trains going southward. The dock is well supplied with fine row and sail boats, also light running boats, built espe- cially for ladies* use. Attentive boatmen and fishing guides, with equipments for fishing and picnic parties always in readiness. An excellent livery attached, with accommodation for private horses and carriages. Mr, Henty Giesemann, of New York, still furnishes music daily. THE LAKE HOUSE is beautifully situated at the head of the lake and built on the oldest hotel site, at Lake George. The steamers " Horicon and " Ganouski " land at the Lake House dock, and stages leave the door, connecting with all trains. THE CENTk L HOTEL, nearly opposite the Lake House, is a well furnished hotel, anv» affords good rooms and accommodation for loo 20 -\ 306 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. guests. It has been conducted since its erection by dif- ferent parties, with varying success ; the house is now under the able management of Mr. C. J. Brown, son of George Brown, of the noted Half- Way House, French Mountain, who is thoroughly experienced in hotel busi- ness. Transient Board $2 per day, $7 to $10 per week. Stages land passengers at the door. CARPENTER'S HOTEL is at the south end of the village, near the Fort William Henry Hotel, and directly opposite the old stone store.' This hotel has been recently enlarged to almost double its former capacjty, remodeled and refitted throughout, and presents a very favorable appearance. A portion of the rooms are in suites to accommodate families or par- ties desiring such, they are large and well ventilated ; the appointments clean, tastefully arranged, and attractive. The proprietor priding himself on keeping a quiet, plea- sant and orderly house. The tourist may rely in getting a capital dinner from Mr. J. H. Carpenter for 50 cents. Transient board $1.50 per day, and from $6 to $9 per week. The house is open all the year round, and will accommodate about 70 guests. There is a good livery stable attached to the hotel. Having returned to Ticonderoga, after this pleasant detour to Lake George, the tourist can then take passage to New York by the Rensselaer and Saratoga R. R. to Troy and Albany ; thence by rail or river, to New York. AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 307 TO LONG BRANCH. ROCKAWAY. CONEY ISLAND, MANHATTAN BEACH, OCEAN GROYE and CAPE MAY. lOURISTS desiring to visit the far-famed resorts of the Northern New Jersey coast, should take at New York the New York and Long Branch Division of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, starting from the foot of Liberty Street, or the steamboat from Pier No. 8 North River, and connecting at Sandy Hook with the New Jersey Southern Railroad to Philadelphia, Admirable facilities are offered by the Pennsylvania Railroad during the sum- mer season ; three express trains, with parlor cars attached, r«n between Philadelphia and Long Branch daily. The route is by the New York Division to Monmouth Junc- tion, thence over the old Freehold and Jamesbury Rail- road to sea girt, and from this point over the Central RaUroad of New Jersey to Long Branch. On Saturday, an extra train leaving Philadelphia at 2.30 p.m., will reach Long Branch (93 miles) in two hours and sixteen min- utes. The service employed on the Long Branch Division is the best that the Pennsylvania Railroad affords. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company, lessee of the " Bound Brook Route," also runs first-class trains from Philadelphia directly to Long Branch, Ocean Grove, etc., via Elizabeth and the New York and Long Branch Di- vision of the Central Railroad, especially for the sea-shore business. During the present summer the Company pro- poses to increase its facilities. If the tourist should decide to leave New York from Pier No. 8, North River, (foot of Rector Street), on either of the first-class steamers, which make during the "season" Snmf Giv r\f ootr^M 4-..;.>o A'^'A-. .7V, T %- 1 1 u^>.,. — AT. 1.1 ipa uQij^- wctwccji i>icu 1' or,«c and i n ii' I 308 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Long Branch, he will first view the many beautiful sights which make New York Bay the most famous harbor in the world. On the left we see Governor's Island, with old Castle William in the foreground. On the right Gibbett and Bedlois Islands, all fortified to the water's edge. Sail- ing on, we view over our left bow the Long Island shore,, the densely wooded heights of Bay Ridge, studded with villas. Right ahead are the stately hills of Staten Island, and on our approach to the " Narrows," the gate to the Atlantic Ocean, our attention is called to Fort Tomkins and the granite walls of Fort Richmond, and its outlying batteries on our right, while on our left stands Fort La- fayette, grim, silent, and isolated, and back of it the for- midable fortificatlion of Fort Hamilton. Beyond these, to the south-east, is Coney Island, and still further on we obtain a distant view of Rockaway. Entering the lower bay, a sort of miniature ocean, we pass incoming and outgoing vessels of all sizes and of all nations, from the fisherman's sloop and pleasure yacht to the stately Cunarder, and after about an hour's delightful sail from. New York we reach SANDY HOOK, or the "HORSESHOE," one of the finest and safest harbors in the world. Here we may see, at times, a hundred sail anchored, awaiting the safety signals of " Old Prob " to venture out to sea. In a few moments passengers and baggage are trans- ferred to a train of comfortable cars, and we are soon speeding through a dense growth of luxuriant cedars and holly on the Government Reservation. Passing Highlands, Seabright, Monmouth Beach, in one and a half hour's time from New York, our train rolk A li' Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 309 into the depot of the « Brighton of America,'^ and during President Grant's eight years of office popularly known as the " summer capital." LONG BRANCH. iONG Branch is one of the most fortu- ■^a^ nate, as far as posi- tion, accessibility and cli- mate are concerned, of the watering-places on the At- lantic coast, and with these advantages at the outset, it has naturally become one of the most famous resorts of the fashionable and weal- thy society of New York and Philadelphia. As a summer retreat it is less ex- pensive than Newport and Saratoga, and quite a ^ beau- tiful as either. Society, there, is generally more de- mocratic ; fashion decrees no rigid course of conduct, and is therefore less exact- ing of her votaries, than at many other resorts in which the fashionable worW takes no greater interest The site of Long Branch is upon a bluff which affords a splendid drive overlooking the sea. Ihe climate is as 310 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. delightful as that of any other part of the New Jersey coast ; which is saying quite sufficient in its favour. The interior of the country is fertile and pleasant There are no salt marshes or sandy plains in the neighborhood, and as the hotel-keepers say, no mosquitoes ; in fact, Long Branch is as well suited to rest and recreation for the weary, as to the pleasures and pastimes which city folks quite as often seek in going to the country or sea-shore for the summer. These natural advantages are adjacent, and within easier access than any other watering-place, to the commercial centres— New York, and Philadelphia. The remarkably safe sea-bathing facijities, an entire immunity from an- noying insects and other causes combined, have elevated this notable resort to the first rank in the country. The " Bluff" here finds no parallel upon the Atlantic coast,, extending, as it does, five miles continuously, and at an elevation of not less than twenty feet above the beach, from which it rises abruptly ; the plateau behind forms the famous " ocean avenue " drive, and constitutes a de- lightful promenade, with paths and broad walks, through green sward and summer-houses in front of hotels and cottages. Th- natural healthfulness qt Long Branch and its surroundings are well-known. Bounded by the At- lantic ocean on the east, by well-drained and fertile farm- ing lands on the south and west, and by the Shrewsbury river and its branches on the north, supplied with pure water by its secure constructed water-works, it possesses every requisite for a salubrious locality. A dozen first-class hotels lining the bluff, with many others on the avenues leading back from the ocean, give ample accommodation for all comers. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 311 Pleasure Bay is the most delightful boating locality in the vicinity of the Branch. It is reached by a short drive of a mile and a half, and presents a most inviting appear- ance to the devotee of aquatic sports. Oysters, crabs, clam-bakes. &c., are here served up in a style of cuisine that is seldom equalled. The drives are, beyond question, the finest of any sea- side resort, and so numerous and varied that one can select a different route for almost every day in the "season," without their becoming in the least monotonous. One of the attractive features of the " Branch " during the months of July and August is the races, under the direc- tion of the Monmouth Park Association, on their track at Oceanport. It is by far the best in America, being a full mile, with wide sweeping turns, and visible in every por- tion from the grand stand ; its homestretch is a straight dash of a quarter mile and cannot be equalled. It affords plenty of room for the large field of horses for which Long Branch meetings are famous. The tourist, if destined for Philadelphia, will continue on the train frc.n Long Branch, passing through many pleasant villages to Camden (opposite Philadelphia), with- out change of cars. During the summer season, especi- cally, this line of travel, between New York and Phil- adelphia, will be found delightful. We will now call the tourists attention to a few of the most popular summer resorts in this vicinity. LONG ISLAND. |T is long since the opinion was given to the world, that the interior of Long Island contained nothing of greater interest to the tourist than heaps of desert^ «anH and forests of low shrub-trees left unfinished by the 312 Alt-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Creator and neglected by man. The Island was recog- nized a few years ago as a geographical fact, and that was all. Its northern shores were notable chiefly as the boundary of the waters of the Sound, while its southern ones had become familiar to newspaper readers through terrible and frequent marine disasters. The past two years, however, have worked a wonderful change in the fortunej of Long Island. Thousands of people have ex- plored it from end to end ; tourist have found there all the delights of pure country air and the finest beaches in the country ; artists in exploring its coasts have found an inexhaustible field for sketching, while business men have just come to ^ realization cf its south-western shores, their accessibility to New York, and the conveni- ent and delightful escape they afibrd from the enervating atmosphere of the over-heated city. The unsavory re- putation of old Coney Island is too recent a memory soon to be forgotten, and the growth of the Island dur- ing the past two years, until it has become the foremost of American watering-places, is the more remarkable, be- cause it is unparalleled in the history of our summer re- sorta The various railroads and steamboat lines by which the Island was reached, attested, on several days of last August, their capacity for moving more than 200,- 000 passengers from New York to Coney Island be- tween sunrise and sunset The small island was over- run by multitudes of people, and those who could find a seat on the hotel piazzas, Bauer's platform, or the Iron Pier, were more foitunate than a good many others, who. for the want of a re^^'iug-p! ice were obliged to move about with the res^ tej . multitude, animated only by a common ourDoselessiiess. The hoteUk^ All-Round Route and Panoravnic Guide. 318 several valuable lessons by the experience of last sum- mer, and the travellers of the present one are likely to benefit by it The imperfect drainage, which was a sub- ject of continued complaint last year, has been overcome, it is confidently promised, by the erection of a number of hermetically scaled tanks, which will be cleared as often as required and by a process of chemical disinfection, which h v> been tried with success in the South. The Manhattan Beach and Oriental (new) hotels are said to be the only important ones whose drain still empties into Sheepshead Bay. The most important improvements on the Island, since the close of last season, will be the Man- hattan Beach Company's new hotel, called the Oriental, which is now in course of construction on the lot adjoin- ing on the east side that of the Manhattan Beach Hotel. The Oriental will be opened about the middle of June, with rooms for about 500 guests. The frontage on the ocean is nearly 600 feet, and the dining-room will be one of the largest on the Island. The Brighton Beach Pavilion has been enlarged, and the platform in front of the West Brighton Beach Hotel has been extended 160 feet into the sea. Paul Bauer's Platform, near the Iron Pier will provide seats for about 1 5,000 persons, and the contiguous band-stand will be occupied in the afternoon and evening, after the 12th of June, by the Twenty-third Regiment Band of forty-two pieces. One of the most noticeable improvements at Coney Island is a lawn and flower-garden, which now extends several hundred feet east from the Brighton Beach Hotel, covering what was formerly a wide tract of marsh-land. The band-stand, in front of the Brighton, will be occupied this summer by Neuendorff who will be remembered by all who listened \ I! 314 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. to his popular orchestra last season. Another railroad is- soon to be added to the traveling facilities. The New York and Brighton Beach Railroad, from Locust Grove to Coney Island, will open about the middle of June with a double steel track, and thoroughly equipped with rolling-stock. The time from New York City to Brigh- ton Beach, over the new road, will be twenty-seven liiinutes. The Brighton Railroad, from Hunte/s Point and Flatbush avenue, Brooklyn, to the Brighton Hotel ; Manhattan Railroad, from Bay Ridge and Long Island City to the Manhattan B(iach Hotel ; the Prospect Park and Coney Island Railroad, from Greenwood to the West Brighton Beach; the Sea Beach Railroad, from Bay Ridge to Sea Beach Palace, and the Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Railroad from Locust Grove to Coney Island, will open for summer travel about the first of June. The flotilla of steamboats running between Coney Island and New York will begin their half-hourly trips probably on the 12th of June, on the opening of the Iron Pier. There will be an independent line of steamers during the summer running betvv'een Coney Island and Long Branch ; and another, making hourly trips between Rockaway and Coney Island. A charter has been taken out for an elevated railroad on the Coney Island Beach,, from the eastern extremity, Manhattan and Oriental hotels, to the Iron Pier, but the operations for its con- struction have not yet been begun. ROCKAWAY, claiming, among other advantages, an infinitely finer beach and purer atmosphere than Coney Island, and possessing the largest hotel in the world, as well as All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 315 a new railroad, which brings Npw York within thirty- minutes ride of the Beach, is Hkely to take a large share of pleasure excursionists from New York during the coming season. The growth of this place might be likened to that of Coney Island, though in no way com- pared with it But it would be difficult to exaggerate the possibilities of the present season since the Rockaway Beach improvement Company have taken that little neck of sand under their fostering care. It was not so very long ago that Rockaway was a neglected waste of land, covered here and there with a starving underbrush of trees and shrubs, while Far Rockaway, less than five miles further up the coast, was a fashionable resort,, second only to Saratoga. Rockaway was a barren desert which no one cared to explore, as late as i860, when one James Remsen bought all the sand heaps west of Far Rockaway, some I2,CX)0 acres in all, and paid $500 for them in the hope that they might some day be worth something. The mill of time was a slow one in his case, but Mr. Remsen's time came in spite of those who called him crazy, and this spring, the Rockaway Beach Improvement Company paid nearly $200,CX)0 for the neck of land on which their new hotel is now being constructed. The new hotel will be seven stories in height, with a facade 1,140 feet, or about 400 windows on the sea. It is constructed of yellow pine and Califor- nia red wood, the first floor being finished wholly in panel work, including the ceilings. The piazza will extend on the front the entire length of the hotel, 1,140 feet by about 100 feet in width, and three hundred feet distant from the surf at high tide. The hotel will contain about i,200 rooms, or accommodation probably for 1,600 per- i if li 316 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. sons, and the dining-room will seat 6,000 persons. The new railroad (New York, Woodhaven and Rockaway) from Long Island City (Hunter's Point), and Flatbush Avenue (Brooklyn), will touch at Woodhaven, on the Long Island Railroad, and thence take an air line to Rockaway Beach, crossing Jamaica Bay by a trestle-work about five miles in length. The distance of about six- teen miles will be traversed in thirty minutes, trains arriving within a stone's throw of the new hotel, which stands at the western terminus of Rockaway Beach, fairly within sight of the Coney Island sands. The Rockaway Beach Improvement Company will operate, in conjunction with the new railroad and hotel, a special line of steamers to New York, trips being made as often as the emergencies require, with a landing at their own pier in Jamaica Bay, immediately in the rear of the hotel. The new iron pier at Rockaway Beach extends about 1,260 feet into the sea, the starting point being from the Beach about half a mile above the point. In addition to the new hotel, which will be completed in June, there is at Rockaway Beach, the Sea-side House, which has been enlarged for the present season to accommodate 300 guests; the Surf House (100), East End (400), Atlas <2So), Sea-side Pavilion (150), Hammill's Hotel (300), and a number of smaller houses where one can enjoy all the comforts of life, and at as reasonable prices as in New York. The Long Island Railroad will run express trains during the summer to Rockaway Beach and Far Rockaway, via Valley Stream, the distance to Rockaway being less than seven miles longer than by the new road. Greenport, a quiet little seaport town at the eastern -terminus of thp T.nno- Tclanri Pi.'if^^H ""'1 t 4.^1,„ • p, III UXIVC u All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 317 minent place this season among Long Island resorts through a new summer route to Newport, via Greenport, which will be opened about the first of June. Express trains will leave Long Island City and Brooklyn about noon, arriving at Greenport (94 miles) in two hours and a quarter, connecting there with the steamer " Francis '" for Block Island, Newport, Martha's Vineyard and Nan- tucket The sea journey to Newport will occupy about four hours. Returning, the boat will leave Newport in the morning, connecting with a fast express at Greenport^ the passengers arriving at New York after a six hours and a half journey from Newport The summer arrange- ment of trains on the Long Island Railroad will probably provide for three express trains each way, making only one stop between Long Island City, Brooklyn and Greenport Steamers will make daily trips across the Sounds to New London and New Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut River, and towards the interior the eye is greeted with green fields and prosperous West Jersey farms, a striking contrast to the wastes of sand or unwholesome marshlands which summer travellers have so often to overlook in approaching the sea-shore. Rail- road trains whirl their passengers through the pretty village, giving glimpses here and there of hotels great and small, spacious country residences and long shady avenues bordered by cosy cottages. At length the passenger is set down at the West Jersey Station, and the clear blue waters of the Atlantic tumble in on the white beach fairly at his feet PVom the broad walk, which extends along the beach from the railroad station to the Stockton and Congress Hall hotels, a fair idea of the town may be had. It i« a hricrVit nirtiirf' nervadeH with an air of rpfinprriPpt *■ — " — & — I » I — • ■ — — — "- lilfli 318 All-Round Route and Pamramic Guide. rhe fire wh,ch destroyed so la.^e a portion of Cape May and finer hotels rose from the ashes of the old ones and *ere m readmess even by the opening of the season hence the aspect of Cape May from th! beach sTeof prosperity and life ; the new buildings give the impresLn ofa newly created watering-place, while the contiguTu" grounds show the advantage of the care and attentio, hat have been bestowed upon then, for yea,^ The tM-o ^rgest hotels on the island are the Stockton and Cong es! Hall (reconstructed for the summer season), both of which have accommodation for about 800 guests, and are. in even, sense, first-cl^ss hotels. The facilities for reaching Cape May th,s summer will be vastly improved over those of any prev.ous one, and if the season is as prosperous as ■t prom,ses to be, the West Jersey Railroad will need Tl the advantages of its excellent rolling-stock and fine road-bed to meet the demands made upon them. The summer arrangement of trains on the West Jersey will llT^iT"' '"' ^"'^"^^ '^'""^ '^^""^ Philadelpi; at 9.00 m the mornmg, 2.30, 4.00 and probably 5.30 in mL18?:T\ ^.!"r:""'^''^'--™'^delphia and Cape May(8. m,les)w,ll be two hou,^ Returning, express trams w.ll leave Cape May at 7.00 and 9.00 L, p^b- ably 3.00 p.m., and 4.45. I„ addition to these there will be an accommodation train each way. The rolling-stock of the West Jersey will be increased by a la:^e number of summer excursion cars, besides twenty-five new ones built on the admirable model of the new cars used in the fast express service of the New York Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad. One of the pleasantest routes to A Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 319 Cape May during the summer months is by the large excursion steamer "Republic," which will leavr> Race street wharf early in the morning, and, after a pleasant O (D t4 ■ ■i'i» .»3 a f ii; «. !.;il 'B' I f'if ?nii!ii ir,;; ji;l;!' '^i'" ifljiilii'. trip down the Delaware, reaches Cape May Point about noon. A narrow-gauge runs to Cape May City, five :iniles distant. Leaving the Point again about three I li ii 320 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, o'clock the " Republic " arrives at Philadelphia early in the evening. Baltimore sends to Cape May quite as large a portion of her fashionable world as comes from Philadelphia. The society at the Island is bright, animat- ed, refined and hospitable, as it can afford^to be, for the visitors at Cape May belong to the best class of summer travellers. The "season » opens at the Stockton Hotel, about the loth of June this summer, and by that time it IS hoped that a new iron pier will extend 800 feet into the sea in front of the West Jersey Station Atlantic City, situated on the Atlantic coast, sixty miles south-east of Philadelphia, has a resident population during the summer months slightly exceeding that of Cape May, but the transient visitors in the height of the season fairly outstrip that of any watering-place south of Coney Island. It was opened to the public a little more than a quarter of a century ago, and since then it is indebted for its rapid growth and steadily increasing popularity to an unusually fine climate, both in winter and summer, a good beach, generous hotel accommoda- tions, and the admirable facilities the Camden and Atlantic Railroad have always offered for going there The adjacent coast is broken into many inlets and bays* which now afford the best opportunities for boating, fish- ing and gunning, sports that bring hundreds of visitors to Atlantic City every year. The present season is likely to work a wonderful change in the fortunes of Atlantic City-a change that is anticipated in the scores of new buildings now in course of construction. In addition to the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, and the Philadelphia and AUantic City Narrow Gauge Railroad, which tran- sported thousands to and fmm the h^- -» ' mc crCtx-onwic every aay All-Round Rmtte and Panoramic Guide. 321 oflast season, the West Jersey Railroad will open, about the loth of June, a new railroad to Atlantic City from Camden, by way of Newfield, a station on the West Jersey (Cape May) Railroad, about thirty miles from Philadelphia. The new railroad from Newfield to Atlantic City will be thirty-four miles in length, laid with steel rails and on a road-bed prepared for the fastest express trains. The new railroad, which is about four miles longer from Philadelphia than the Camden and At antic, will arrive at Atlantic City, at the junction of Atlantic and Baltic avenues, the new station fronLing on both streets. Trains will leave Camden (from Philadel- phia by Market street ferry) for Atlantic City over the West Jersey Railroad at 9.10 to 10.50, 2.30, 3.30 and 5.30. In any event there will be five fast express trains over the new railroad between Philadelphia and Atlantic City every day. One stop will be made at Newfield and the running time will not exceed one hour and a' half On the other hand, the Camden and Atlantic Railroad, well equipped with new rolling-stock, a well ballasted track, the new and large station at Camden and a new iron ferry-boat crossing the Delaware from' their station at the Vine street wharf to Camden, will open the season, better prepared than ever, to meet the tide of summer travel. Four express trains will -run to Atlantic City daily, without a stop. The ruilning time Will be less than ninety minutes. The cheapest route to the sea-shore will be by the Narrow Gauge Railroad from Camden. Express trains will run each way daily. A multitude of travelers was accomodated by this road last season ; and at the excursion rates offered, the 1,,^,,^., «f 21 ■ "^ ^" f r «ff fUl 822 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. a trip to the sea-shore, and a bath in the surf, is within reach of the smallest purse. Anglesea, or Five Mile Beach, a few miles above Cape May on the Jersey coast, has been taken in hand by an improvement company who will endeavor to bring the many advantages of the place into public notice. A new narrow gauge railroad will connect Anglesea with the West Jersey Railroad track near Cape May Court House. Barnegat Inlet, on the coast midway between Long Branch and Atlantic City, has become famous through its blue fish. The arrival of the first school, generally about the last of the month of May, is the signal for hun- dreds of sportsmen ,and business men to pack off for the sea-shore. The route from New York is by the New Jersey Southern Railroad to Barnegat, by way of Man- chester, and from Philadelphia the sportsmen may go by the Pennsylvania Railroad from Camden to Whitings, and from this point by the Tuckerton Railroad to Barnegat Beach Haven is another of the resorts on the Jersey coast which have sprung into popularity within a few years. It is situated on Long Beach, a small sandy pro- montory running parallel with the Jersey coast and separated from it by Little Egg Harbor Inlet. This inlet affords every opportunity for boating and fishing without the danger of the open sea and powerful surf which rolls in on this exposed coast. Across the pro- montory the surf may be seen in all its glory. Beach Haven contains four well-kept hotels, easily accommodat- ing a thousand visitors. Steamers connect Beach Haven with Barnegat, and thence the route to the north and west is the same. All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 323 Ocean Grove, six miles above Long Branch, is a reser- vation controlled by minister, and members of he sylvania. It ,s resorted to during the summer by quite a number of ecclesiastics, and christian families. No in- \^t2^''"''17"r'^'''^ "" the grounds, andboat- ing bathmg and dnnking are strictly prohibited on the sabbath During the Camp Meeting season, the village .s crowded to its utmost capacity, many of the visitors livmg m tents and other temporary structures upon the beach and m the adjoining groves. The passenger traffic at this pomt, during the summer season, is larger than to any other resort on the New Jersey coast, between Long Branch and Atlantic City. AsHBURY Park and Ocean Beach adjoin Ocean Grove, the one on the north, the other on the south, and are both largely patronized. NEW YORK. we are again at New York. But, before 10.V. .elves among its 1,500,000 inhabitants, we raise our i, ,he departing reader, with the hope that the trip here ended has been a pleasant one. " On different senses, different objects strike ;" but we think there has oeen something of a sort to please all. Men of every pursuit, and of evety variety of taste, will have been able to indulge, each in his peculiar hobby ; for, although the extent of ground traversed may not seem so large as otherwise might appear, from the similarity of race every- where encountered, yet, from the free expression given to thought, and the amount of pnt*^mt-;cp o^^:„i __j -.- i- ■ dual, everywhere met with, there is, perhaps, not a better 'r ii! 324 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. field open for examining the working merits of the dif- ferent schemes which have been from time to time pro- posed as affording solutions of the important questions of national education, workmen's associations, co-operative labour, &c To the political economist there has been, therefore. AU-Roitnd Route and Panoramic Guide. 325 abundant subject for fruitful study ; and the prospects of an ever-increasing wealth, lately opened by the discovery of rich min« ral veins, in territory hitherto regarded as un- productive, will afford the theorist ground on which to work, in conducting his speculations on the great future reserved for this continent. To the geologist no tract of country could well be found more replete Wilh interest than that we have tra- versed. He has been brought face to face with nature in her sublimest aspects ; he has been admitted, as it were, to vieAi' the arcana of her great workshop, and the vast ■cuttings scooped out by the powerful force exerted through successive ages on a limestone formation, by a stupendous power like Niagara to the tiny "striae " or ice grooves, that to this day mark, with unerring line, the course of the Northern glaciers, as, in ages still more re- mote, the ground down over the greater portion of the North American area. The artist and sportsman have also no reason to com- plain of the bill of fare offered for their special enjoy- ment. The fo iier could hardly study in a better school than that he has just left — a school that has produced more than one conscientious interpreter of its own peculiar ''genre.'' And the latter will, on his journey round, have been able to inspect, in the larger cities, the spoils of many a game-bag and fishing basket The student of life and character will have occasion to notice many novelties ; and the strange mixture of the two languages in Canada, by the ''habitants," as they are called, will astonish his ideas of euphony. His pure French, if such, perchance, he can command, will not un- freqently prove " caviare " to these swarthy folks but, 326 AU.Round Route and Panoramic Guide. perhaps nothing will have more effect on him than the fim .ght obtamed of the Red Man, a.s he appears in the streets of our cties in this the ,9th century. "O, ,ua„,ul 'meatus a, illor he will exclaim-from 'that roTnUc ■^k.ng creature clothed in a scanty allowance of "fig- nfantiT " H '° ^ """'"' "" ^°' *<= <'^l^"='"<'" of our mfanfie mmds n the pages of old Peter Parley-when LThk' !"<"='" Chief of his boyhood, so stn.ngdy mod.fied by the Darwinian system of Natural Selection no a smooth-faced, oily-haired, individual, clad in pa" ; collar. Eureka shirt, and extensive wide-awake. ^ We have endeavored to describe faithfully and correctiv tf.e oute over w.ich we have passed in company S are d^ubJess some Whose knowledge of particular points named ,s greater than that possessed by „s. and such thl: r "' "<■"' ''■^"'■■-dy given, would greatj enhance the value of our Guide; we, therefore, ask infor- * 'To fir 'tr,'"' ^'.'^ '° '''''"' '•'' ^^^ - P™-^ hall be "i ?"" *' "°* "^^ P^™''- 'he same shall be given m future editions to our friends the te.velhng public, whom we now refer to our Western Append-x. following, i„ which the traveller is conducted m another direction, and along different routes previously described from New Vr^ri^ f^ /-u- >■ . h'*'=vioui,iy uie continent to San Francisco. westf:rn appendix < >i TO C H I S H O L M'S ALL-ROUND ROUTE AND Panoramic Guide OF THE ST. LA^VRENCE, — AND — Western Tourists' Guide TO THE GREAT WEST, NORTH WEST AND FAR WEST. INTRODUCTION. The Publishers of this well-known Tourists' Guide have no apoloffl, to offer their many patrons in presenting to the Travdhng Public, a new, complete and revised edition of Aeir Guide, which has been established for the past ten yean They feel that this splendid edition of their book will fiU a vacancy that has long been felt. The present edi:ion, wiU contain about 150 ,pages more subject matter than any previous edition, having been prepared expressly for this work. This Guide, in its new form, not only embraces all t»e famous pleasure and summer resorts of the East, but will show how to reach them by the most popubr routes, either by rail or water, thus giving to the Tourist reliable and authentic descnptions of them. To stop at this point would be only half completing the object aimed at, therefore, commencing with the present edition, we have not only done all this, but a great deal more, having added a Western appendix of alfthe principal summer and pleasure resorts of the Great We* North-west, and Far West, this being a special feature of ou^ Guide. Upon examining the Western appendix, the read« will find It contains a full and complete description of Chicago wift many new and beautiful illustrations of this Queen CiS of the Ukes, from its earliest settlement down to the present ume. This Guide describes all points of interest to the T^veller, from New York to San Francisco, including Introduction. ass9 Kansas City, Leavenworth, Atchison, Omaha, Denver, as well as the many famous health and summer .esorts of Colorado and New Mexico, Great Salt Lake, the Grand Canons, &c., with valuable information to the Tourists concerning the Big Trees of Calaveras Grove, the wonders of the Yosemite Valley, with a lengthy description of Oregon, and British Columbia. This Guide is profusely illistrated, and furnished with maps of the various routes. It also gives the distances from point to point, and elevations above the sea ; full descriptions of lakes, rivers, mountains, and everything of a picturesque nature that will attract the attention of the traveller. Particu- lar care has been taken to collect information respecting the various railways that will be of value to the tourist, and neither time, money nor labor, have been spared to make this volume reliable in every particular. The reader will be pleased to learn that this Guide has been compiled from the personal experience of the Compiler, who has travelled over the entire route, from New York, to the Lower Saguenay, thence all through the White Mountains, and westward to Chicago, North-West, through Wisconsin, and Minnesota, on to Winnipeg, and back to Chicago, thence over each of the popular Western Lines to Kansas City, Omaha, and Denver via the Great Pacific Railways to all points in the Far West, across the Continent. We may add that the present Guide contains the only full directions of travel from the principal points of the Atlantic Coast to those of the Pacific. This Guide will undergo a thorough annual revision, and the Publishers will be thankful for any corrections or additions which may be suggested. 830 AU-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. CHICAGO AS IT WAS. AND AS IT IS, ^ |HICAGO is in many respects one of the most spec- J tacular cities in America, its magnificence is all the fe more striking because it is so young in years, so far in the mtenor, and has so lately passed through an ordeal of fire which would have ruined any other city forever It IS only strict truth to say that the " Queen of the' Lakes ,s more beautiful and splendid to-day than she was at the time of the great conflagration of 1 87 1. The first permanent settlement was made on the site of Chicago in 1804, during which year Fort Dearborn was built. This iVas abandoned in 181- and finally de- molished in 1856. The town was first organized in 1835 and incorporated as a city in 1837. At the first official census taken in 1837 the entire population was set down at 4,170. From the best available data the population at the census of this year will not be much, if any, under 600,000. Its growth has been marvellous during this brief interval, but it was temporarily checked by the tremen- dous fire which occurred on the night of October the 8th, . 1871. The whole area burned over, including streets' was nearly three and a third square miles. The number of buildings destroyed was 17,450; persons rendered homeless, 98,500; persons killed, about 200. Not in- cluding depreciation of property and loss of business, it IS estimated that the total loss occasioned by the fire was $190,000,000, of which about $40,000,000 was recovered on msurance, though one of the chief results of the fire was to bankrupt many of the insurance companies, all over the country. The business of the citv wn. ;nt..r„r..«d Chicago As It Was, and As It Is. 331 but a short time, however. In the course of a few weeks many merchants had resumed trade in temporary wooden buildings. Within one year after the catastrophe a large III I — ■ II I III! I . . THE OHKAT CHICAGO MASSACRE. part of the burnt district hac been rebuilt, and at present no trace remains, except the improved architectural ap- city. Two years later, in July, 1 874, j^-^tsicniw v/i LUC ^332 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. another great fire took place in an adjoining section liighteen blocks, or sixty acres, and about $4,000,000 worth of property was destroyed. Chicago is situated on the Western shore of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Chicago and Calumet rivers : bv men n«.nfth.f^.«.«. GS 3 H 09 X o o < 334 All-Round Route and Panoram. ic Guide. and the Illinois and Michfean canal, it has continuous communication with th. M;..;.„;-.„.. t.V fontmuous -^,._.ooi|^i^i xviver and the Gulf Chicago As It Was, and As It Is, 336 of Mexico on the South and West ; and by the chain of the Great Lakes with the St Lawrence and AtUijtic n IS t at m IS s? H to o n > IS o » H O © o H O tt ee 00 H to 00 *4 Ocean on the East There is no inland city in the world that possesses greater facilities for commercial intercourse, iixv, aifcv ^1 mc *.ifc) IS ii gciiuy iiiuuiicu plane, inc grouna Chicago As It Was, and As It Is. 337 o o ■* o n % a H t) O o Jz; A >> N K^ D O n hi H in the western part, 3 miles from the Lake, being from 15 to 18 feet above the level of the Lake. The streets are generally eighty feet wide and are very regularly built. They cross each other at right angles, and are for the most part, paved with stone or with wc id ; many of them are from five to ten miles in length. Chicago is divided by the river and its branches, into three parts, known as the North, West, and South sides, and these are connected by about 50 bridges, and two stone tunnels connect the main avenues of travel leading from the city proper to the northern and western divisions. These di- visions are subdivided into twenty wards and contain nearly 800 streets, avenues, and alleys. The river and ship canals afiford ^ magnificent harbor for the largest vessels, for more than ten miles. At the entrance of the first there is a large iron light-house. The city is beautifully laid out in broad and shady streets, the principal of which for business purposes is State Street, the " Broadway " of Chicago, while Michigan avenue, (which fronts along the Lake), Wabash avenue, Prairie avenue, South Park avenue. West Washington street, and North Dearborn street, are distinguished by the great number of princely edifices, which are perfect models of architectural design and are adorned with rows of luxuriant trees. The system of parks and boulevards in Chicago is the most extensive of any city in the world. The Drexel, for instance, is 200 feet wide, from beginning to end, and is built on the model of the Avenue de LTmperatrice, Paris, justly considered the finest boulevard in Europe. On South Water street are situated the prin- cipal warehouses and large wholesale stores, and in Lake street also, a large part of the wholesale business is done^ 22 • « If Ai a«^^ 340 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. while many of the largest and most elegant of the whole- sale houses are now located on Michigan and Wabash avenues, making a gradual inroad upon a favorite resi- dence locality. Among the objects of great interest in what the proud citizens call the " new Chicago," may be named the large and beautiful Lincoln Park situated on the Lake shore, north of the city, with its numerous charming drives along the shores of Lake Michigan, a very perfect zoological garden, a charming little lake, superb fountains, making it attractive as a drive or pro- menade. Another favorite resort is Union Park, situated in the western division, older than Lincoln Park, with beautiful lakes, fountains, &c, a complete zoological collection, pagodas, a music pavilion ; it enjoys great popularity as a place of promenade, and for the open air concerts given every evening during the summer. Besides the above mentioned parks there is Lake Park, with a beautiful lo- cation running down the Lake shore south of the city to Hyde Park and Hyde Park House, a favorite driving and bathing resort, at the southern extremity. The south and west side parks are very extensive and beautiful ; Dearborn, Jefferson, and other mipor parks and Haveriy's Trotting Park, all of which are well worthy a visit. The principal cemeteries, Graceland, Rose Hill, Calvary, and Oak Woods, are beautifully laid out and kept in the most perfect order, and for those lugubriously inclined, a visit to them would, lio doubt, be pleasant Chicago is also the greatest live stock market in the world. Lying at some distance west of the city are the great Union Stock Yards, which are a wonderful sight to see, Dcing a nttie vvorld in themselves. The amount of e whole- Wabash ite resi- erest in may be ated on amerous higan, a :le lake, or pro- i in the )eaUtiful llection, irity as ts given i above tiful lo- ; city to driving le south autiful ; avetiy's a visit, "alvary, L in the lined, a in the are the sight to >unt of 342 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. land controlled by the company is 345 acres, of which the yards and pens occupy 146 acres. The present capacity of these yards is 25,000 head of cattle, 100,000 head of hogs, 22,000 sheep, beside which there are stalls for 500 horses, making a total capacity of 147,000 head. Quite a large town has sprung up in the immediate vicinity,, with post-office, bank, telegraph office, churches and STOCK PENS AT UNION STOCK YARDS, CHICAGO. schools. The yards are connected ^with all the railways centreing in Chicago. The lumber trade of this marvellous city has grown so>^ much, especially of late, that it would perhaps not be wild to assert that Chicago leads the world in this branch, of business also. There are over 300 firms engaged in it,. of <^s so it. 'ii 344 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. and between fifteen and twenty million feet of lum- ber are annually handled. The great pineries of Michi- gan and Wisconsin are the principal sources of supply. THE NEW WATER WORKS AND TOAVER, CHICAGO. Another of Chicago's great industries is that of pork and beef packing, and a special feature is the great favor in ! I til Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. 34T which its summer packed meats have grown, both in this country and in Europe. The demand for the latter i^ steadily increasing. Chicago is furthermore the greatest railway centre in the world, some forty-five lines coming into the city. There^is a dash of grandeur in almost everything in the way of public works, undertaken by Chicago. The Water- works> 348 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. which have been pronounced by those who arc competent to judge, to be the finest and most extensive on the American Continent, if not in the world, are a proof of o o < n a" S5 3 % O « H >A •-J C4 H CQ P this. They consist of a water tower, 1 60 feet high, up which water is forced by four of the most powerful engines hav- 350 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ing a pumping capacity of 74,500,000 gallons daily. The water conies through a tunnel extending two miles out under the lake, thus securing perfect purity to the water, CHAMBER OF COMMERCE AND BOABD OF TRADE BUILDING, CHICAGO. and another tunnel supplies the south-west portion of the city. There are also about 40 Artesian wells, which yield an abundance of water. Chicago As It Was, and As It Is. 361 The terrible experiences of the city have prompted this extraordinary precaution against fire, and the splendid building law now in force further provides against the same, by forbidding the erection of frame buildings of any kind, inside the limits of the city. No wooden cornice or wooden roof of any description is per- mitted, and no wooden building now in existence, if damaged by fire to the extent of 50 per cent, can be re- paired. The public institutions of Chicago are in keeping with its industrial and commercial standing. Its public schools are surpassed by none in the country, whether in regard to the beauty of the buildings or the number of attendants. Special pride has been taken in this respect and it is gratifying to know that Chicago leads the West in its encouragement of popular education. The Public Library, the nucleus of which was contributed by Eng- lish, and other authors of renown, in 1872 now counts over 60,000 volumes, and the Academy of Sciences, which had lost its previous collection by the fire in 1 871, is now rapidly recuperating both its museum and library ; colleges and academies of different denominations are numerous and flourishing, and the University of Chicago has a reputation second to none in the West. Asylums and hospitals, devoted to the sufferings of humanity are not only numerous, but carried on in a style of rare muni- ficence. So much worthy of description has crowded itself in upon us, that we have omitted to mention the grain trade of Chicago, perhaps the greatest industry of the city. Chicago is not only the headquarters of the grain trade of America, but it is also the greatest grain market in the C/iiitigo As ft WaJ!, and As ft Is, 353 00 < world. It iKis 25 elevators, with an aggregate storage capacity of 20,000,000 bushels of grain. The speed and dexterity with which vessels and cars are loaded and un- loaded is perfectly marvellous, and no tourist should fail to go and watch the operation for a short time. To see how business is done in Chicago, and to form some idea of the immensity of the transactions, the tourist should by all means pay a visit to the Chamber of Commerce, situated corner of Washington and La Salle streets. It is considered one of the noblest and most complete buildings of its class in the world. It was opened with very impressive ceremonies in the Fall of 1872, and Chi- cago is justly proud of this magnificent structure. Chicago has many magnificent mercantile buildings, banking houses, stock exchange, &c., in which respect the re-built city far excels even its ambitious predecessor, and rivals all others. • With regard to Hotels no place in America can vie with Chicago ; most of them being built since the fire and fur- nished with lavish cost and great completeness. There is the Palmer House a thoroughly fire-proof hotel, occupy- ing the entire block in State street, between Wabash avenue and Munroe street. The Grand Pacific is not at all nferior to this, occupying a half block on Jackson, Clark, Adams, and La Salle streets. The New Sher- man House in the central business part of the city, fronting on Clark and Randolph streets is practically fire- proof, and watched with such unceasing care, that no one in any part of the house need feel the least anxiety ; practical experience has proved the " Sherman " to be satisfactory in every respect. The Tremont House, styled the palace hotel of Chi- 23 354 A ii- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. J i Chicago As It W'as, and As It Is, 355 cago, is located on the corner of Lake and Dearborn streets. This house has the world-wide reputation of being one of the finest structures of its kind on either continents, and is considered one of the features t)f the city, both in external architecture and internal arrange- ment ; it possesses all the appurtenances of a literal palace, with spacious halls, and luxurious suites of apart- ments, and commends itself to travellers of either con- tinent as a type of that world-wide celebrity, the luxu- rious modern American Hotel. The Gardner House, is another of Chicago's favorite hotels, and for several years past has held the reputation of being one of the best managed hotels in the Western States, and we can truthfully assert that nothing of that reputation has been forfeited — rather added to, in late years, and if the enthusiastic reports of a tliousand guests are to be credited the management is as princely in its liberality as it is moderate in its demands on the purses of those visiting the Queen City of the Lakes. Chicago has many very large and fine Railway De- pots, for the accommodation of the many and extensive roads finding their centres there. Among the extensive manufactories may be mentioned The McCormack Reaper Manufactory, which is the largest of the kind in the world, situqited on the corner of Blue Island and Western avenues. The extensive bridge-building works of the American Company, situated on Egan avenue. The principal places of amusement are Haverly's Theatre, corner of Dearborn and Munroe streets. Mc- Vicker's, near the corner of Madison arid State streets. Hooley's, adjoining Sliernian House block on Randolph, near La Salle. ■ 5 356 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Chicaj^o is not only the terminus of the five great through trunk lines, from the Atlantic sea-board cities, New York, Boston, Montreal, Philadelphia, and Balti- more, but it is also the head of the several grand divi- sions which form the overland route across the Great West to the Pacific, as well as to St. Louis ina the ever popular Chicago, Alton & St. I.ouis Railway. Thence \ia the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway, or the Missotiii Pacifice from St. Louis to Kansas City, Mo. Thence next via either .the Kansas Pacific Division of the Union Pacific or via the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railways to all points in Kansas, Colorado, Montana, Idaho and New Mexico, and the Great North-west to Milwaukee, St. Paul, Minneapolis, Winnipeg, and the British American Provinces. If our reader will kindly follow us we shall tdke him along each of these lines, and he will be able to judge for himself of the respective advantages of each one of them, and we will try to give as impartial a description as we can. I I [RoNic A.] PACIFIC R. R. • XAMINK the accompany in<^ map of" this y^reat through line, and you will notice that it passes through the principal cities and towns of Illinois, ^ 358 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. Iowa and Missouri. The' following is a correct list of the officials and other active representatives of this line- 1st May, 1880. HUCJHRIDDLK I'tesident Chicago, III K. R.CAHLK Vice-l'rcMdent and Cen.-Man. . . ....ChicaK..! Ill DAVID DOWS Vlce-I'resideni x, v , '.. V H 11 »\vc resiaenl jsjew \ ork City. r. n. nnv:> Secretary and Treasurer New York Litv THOS. K. WITHROW ( leneral Solicitor Chic-.rill A \i Avl u'. ■' *'*"""*' Superintendent Davenport, Iowa. w n mri; . V- ■■^"'' *'"'"'' ^"P'' •""' ''"■■• -^Sent. . Chicago, III. ' w. O. 1 CK1)\ Local 'Irea.surer Chicag ), III. r' T'l^'l'^u'"^ Auditor and Ass't Secretary Chicago! III.' I- SI. JOHN (ieneral Ticket and Pass. .Agent Chicaco III JOH N T. SANFOR 1 ) Freight Tramc Manager Chicago." III.' T.\ XT ™*'' V. ''''"''"'■'*' ^''■*=''^'" -^«'''" Chicago. III. h\ p,. . ""'""" "-'ight Agent Leavenworth. Kan. ( K.) K w". '.-rp Supt Iowa Division I )es Moines. Iowa. JOHN ( JV IN I. .sup't K. and 1). M. Division Keokuk, Iowa. R. H.CHAMHKKi.AIN... Train Master Illinois Division Chicago III J'-'I'"I''-'I>S Pay„,aster Chicago,' III I'p pIv'''"*" ''""""' '''"^'e"-" Freight Agent New York City. A u yi■'^\:^ ''^'^^ Kngland Freight Agent Hoston, Mass. , • '^\, , y" ' Superintendent Telegraph Chicago. III. i ! • w H^.\: /l^- ' '""=''^' "-''««''««' Agent Chicago, III. .\.,M. WHKKI.KR Superintendent Dining Car Line. .. .Chicago. Ill -f-^-^'OO^'J^S Depot M..ster Chicago, III. Passkxcek Department. w A •! u *'"""''' '^''cketand Pass. .Agent ... .Chicago, III. A ■ru^^,. , ^'*' Ass't Cen'l Passenger Agent Chicago, 111. . ... '■ e:hief Clerk Gener.-I Ticket Dep't. . .t:hicago. 111. S. S. S'KVKNS ( iener.al Airenf <• m m />■ . «■ p » i< u Mj 1^^ Av, ^ Council Ulufls, Iowa, t. I-. RICHARDSON ( .eneral Eastern Passenger Agent. . .New York Citv A. B. FARNSWORTH New York Passenger Agent Syracuse N Y ' W. H. JENN FY * ... .New England Passenger Agent Boston. Mass. nVo ^^.^ ' ^''**'- -^*'"'"' ^"<^'^''= ' '■' ''''°" Philadelphia, P.n., . P AV^r"^"" '• '•'• ''-''^^"'^^^ -'^«'='" ^""""b-, Ohio" I l! I r ^^^^' Canadian Passenger Agent Toronto, Ont. I . , \M::,: ■■■; '^^"*=''"' ^- ^^- ^gem Kansas City, Mo. J. M. »-.D(,AR. Colorado Passengeo Agent Denver, Col, R. McC. SMIIH Oeueral Travelling Agent Chicago II' VT'Mnrv™ ^'"'"' 1''-^^«"'"g Ag^"» San Fra.Kis'co, Cal. J. H. MOUNT AIN City Passenger Agent Chicago, 111 fOHNSFKAsriAN City P;i I -'go, Ml. sscngcr .igcni .Kansas City, Mo. To the Gnat West, via the 6'., R. I. & P. R. 359 The total number of miles in operation of the cago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway : — Chi- CHICAGO SIJUTH KNOl.KWOOl) BUREAU DAVENI'ORT NEW ION DES MO INKS SOMERSET JUNCTION (;UTHRIE JUNCTION ATLANTIC AUDUHON JUNCTION HARI.AN JUNCTION HaKLAN JUNCTION DES MOINES MOUNT ZION WILTON washin(;ton CAMERON ei)(;erton junction to DAVENPOR'I, to SOUTH CHICA(;o, to PEORIA, to MISSOURI RIVER, to MONROE, to INDIANOLA, to WIN'TERSE'T, to OU'THRIE CENTER, to(;RISWOM), to AUDUBON, to HARI.AN, to EOSH'S MII.I.S, to KEOKUK, to KEOSAUQUA, to KANSAS CITY. to KNOXVILEE, to ATCHISON, to LEAVENWORTH, IOWA, 183 ILLINOIS, 6 ILLINOIS, 47 IOWA, 3'7 IOWA, 17 IOWA, 23 IOWA, a6 IOWA, "4 IOWA, »4 IOWA, 25 IOWA, 13 IOWA, iL IOWA, 162 IOWA, 4 MISSOURI, 332 IOWA, 78 KANSAS, 63 KANSAS, 22 TOTAL MILES -------- 1,352 The principal R. R. connections of this ^reat through line are as follows : — At CHICAGO, with all diverging lines for the East and South. At ENOLEWOOD, with the L. S. and M. S., and P., Kt. W. and C. R. Rds. At WASHINGTON HEICJHTS, with P., C. and St. ..oiiis R. R. At LA SALLE, with 111. Central R. R. At PEORIA, with P. P. and J. ; P. I), and !■:. ; I. B. and W. ; 111. Mid. ; and T. P W. Rds. At ROCK ISLAND, with "Milwaukee and Ko.;k Island Short Line," and Rock Island and Peo. R. Rds. At DAVENPORT, with the Davenport Division.C., M. and St. P. R. R. ,At WEST LIBERTY, with the B., C. K. and N. R. R. At ORINNELL, with Cehtral Iowa K. R. At DES MOINES, with D. M. and I'. I). R. R. At COUNCIL BLUFFS, with Union Pacific R. R. At OMAHA, with B. and Mo. R. R. R. (in Neb.) At COLyMBUS JUNCTION, with B., C. R. and N. R. R. AtOTTUMWA, with Central Iowa R. R. ; W., St. L. and Pac, and C. B. and g. R. .ids. At KEOKUK, with Tol., Peo. and War. : Wab., St. Louis and Pac, and St. L., Keo. and N. W. R. Rds. At CAMERON, with H. St. J. R. R. At .ATCHISON, with Atch., 'Topeka and Santa Fe ; Atcn. and Neb. and Cen. Br. U. P. R. Rd*. At LEAVENWORTH, with Kan. Pac. and Kan. Cent. R. R. At KANSAS CITY, with all lines for the West and Southwest. 360 All-Ronnd Route and Panoramic Guide. We could not Miite up tlie great Overland Route to California Avitliout devoting a large share of our space to the Chicago. Rock Jsland'and Pacific Raihva}-, which IS the " Great Steel Link." in the mighty chain which stretches across the continent, from tht Atlantic to the Pacific. This great corporation owns a continuou> line from Chicago to Kansas Cit)-, Leaxenworth. Atchison and Council ]^luffs. over which it runs throu-h cars. • . '^ On this line is run the celebrated Pullman Palace Cars and tlie Morld-rcnowned Dining Cars, ^x\^^z\^ are used solely for eating purposes, and on x\ hich the traxeller is .'•erxed a deliciou^; repast at the \o\\ price of seveiit>--fi\e cents, or can ouy at reasonable figures whatever his appetite demands or the bill of fare suggests. 'PJie Chicago. Rock Island and i\acific Railroad Company IS now enabled by the completion of its extensive raihvay system, to offer the travelling public man>- facilities and advantages to those journeying between the east or the vvest, never before presented on the Americar, continent. Their various roadways, originally engineered and constructed with skill and care, liave been improved by laying double tracks with steel rails, building of superb iron bridges, enabling the traveller to journJ)- between Chicago and the Missouri River, or intermediate points, at his ease, and without change of cars or detentions of any kind. The rolling stock owned by this Compaii)- has been perfected in every way possible, and is not excelled b>- that ^ipon any railway in the world ; and through trains are run at high rates of speed with entire safet)-, giving passenger- Juxuriuus accommodation, v\ Jiiletravellino- with I < To the Gnat West, via the 'C, R. I. & P. R. 301 greatest economy of time. The tra\eller ha\iiig selected this route takes his departure from the massive, handsome "y, 'A 73 and well-appointed passenger station at the head of La Salle street, on Wan Buren street, the finest and most \ 362 AU-Romd Route and Panoramic Guide. convenient structure of its kind, with one exception, in America. i . m '. i t f i i )n, in To the (inat West, via the C, R. !. & P. R. 363- Sweeping through the city, the speed gradually .in- creases until the open prairie is gained, and seven miles out, Knglewood, one of Chicago's finest suburbs is reached, where connection is made with the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad for Toledo, Cleveland,. Buffalo and New York and intermediate points, as well as the Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway for Fort Wayne, Pittsburg, Baltimore, Washington, and all south-eastern places. Thirty miles further west brings us to Joliet, a thriving city of 15,000 inhabitants, situated on the Des Plaines river. Here the State Penitentiary is located. Leaving Joliet, we travel through the far-famed prairie lands of Illinois for si,\ty-six miles to La Salle, 99 miles from Chicago. This is a flourishing town with 6,500 people, is a great coal centre, and is situated upon the Illinois river. Here connections are made with the Illinois Central Railroad for Mendota, PVeeport, Galena and Dubuque to the north, and south to Bloomington, Decatur, Springfield and Cairo. Six miles east of La Salle lies Starved Rock, a perpendicular mass of lime and sand stone, rising from the margin of the Illinois river to a height of more than 100 feet. An Indian legend at- taches to this spot, of a starving and beleaguered tribe, who to obtain water, lowered vessels by means of bark ropes, which their besiegers managed, at the foot of the cliffs in their canoes, to cut off. The dusky-faced warriors decided to die upon their barren fortress rather than sur- render, hence the name. After passing Moline, we reach Rock Island, 82 miles from La Salle and 181 from Chi- cago ; population, 12,000. ^This is a picturesque and historical spot and is probably better known to the general public than any place in the west outside of Chicago. It '3iA ,1 I Ali-/^ou„d Route and Pwwramic Guide. ^bu It upon a one- .n-egular street upon the bank, of the MisM,ss,pp,. and ,.s. celebrated in our nnlitar,- history The -ty ,vas settled in ,8.8, first being la,o„n-as j"V Stt venson Here was Black f^awks villa^^e and he e was enacted the first act in the Black Hawk ^r. Tl e seen ^ it'wU,: f ^'r" ■■' '"•«■'■'>■ '-'"-fl-. and a. favorite spot „ ,th tour.sts ,s an en.inence known as " Black Hawk's Watch Tower, from which xiews are obtained for manN- ™.les around, re^■ealinga deh;^htful comunnglin^ of siKer fo the Great West, via the C, R. /. & P. R. •» .• •• •>0o a. •a c o o •ir o ra o ■(5 w -J , not to mrntion a torlt mo,e of other establishments which produce steam en ofti/;;^ei:re:r^''%r''° '"™^"' p-'^-'-^ I eavi,HT M T "' '"'"'°"'' ^""^--s «--aci. year. ■I-ca^ „,g Mohne, «e,v.sit the renowned jewel of the great To the Gnat West, via the C, R. I. & P. R. :507 river, Rock Island, and proceed to inspect the •govern- ment jrrounds and buildin^rs. The United States Gov- -erjinient could have chosen no more charmino- spot for the location of the grea^ Arsenal. Tourists ou^ht to drive over the island, through the shaded avenues, across which sportive squirrels run. and climbing, ihe great trees, look at the intruders with wondering eyes ; past the officers' re idences, and alighting at the Arsenal buildings, inspect the implements of war. and there and in other buildings behold the ingenuity displayed in utilizing the water power. Here multitudes of tourists will be filled with enthusiasm as they gaze upon the endless chains, great shafts and wheels, which end ample power to all the shops to mo\e the machinery that a great nation employs. No intelligent man or woman can afford not to \isit this island—after having done so, they will say w ith us. this has been one of the great opportunities of a lifetime. Be- fore we take the traveller to Davenport, let us go back on the main line of this great continental highwa\-. to Bureau Junction, and traveling 46 miles over a branch road, visit Pecria. a beautiful city of 35.000 inhabitants, 161 miles from Chicago, and particularly famous for its monster distilleries. This city has very extensixe rail- road conn^ tions, among which are the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific ; the Chicngo, Burlington and Quincy ; Chicago, Pekin and South - western ; Indianapolis, Bloomingtou and Western ; Pekin, Lincoln & Decatur ; Peoria and Springfield ; Illinois and Midland ; Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw, and the Peoria, Pekin and Jackson- ville. At Peoria, the Chirnfm Rnrk- T^lopd onr^ i>., ,fip makes direct conliections with M lines running I^ast, West, and South. -m AU-Roiuid Route ami Panoramic Guide. Peoria has extensive mercantile and nianufacturinLr in- terests and many beautiful public and private buildiijrrs • her neu- City Hall beino- especially notable, as one of the' handsomest in the entire Western countr>'. OVer r-- 000.000 jrallons of spirits are produced annually, payini the crovernment a revenue of $7,000,000. or over $-'. 000 per day. She has twelve miles of street rail- • r CITY HALL, PEORIA, ON THE C, R. I. « p. R. r. roads, fifty miles of ^^as and water mains, and is rapidly growmg- m size, wealth and commercial importance Her manufactures already large, are steadily increasing, rendenng it likely that she will retain her place as the second city m business importance in Illinois. Again taking the cars, we find ourselves in a few hours at l)n\/^^'n'^rirf- i-saft-i— . j • - H.^-iii^orr, navhii^ r// /w/^'t enjoyed a magni- I i To the Great West, via tlic C, J?. I. dr P. R. vm ficent dinner upon the dining-car run over this great line. This flourishing city, is the capital of Scott County, and is the metropolis of Iowa. It has a population of over 30,000. and is built at the foot, along the slope and upon the top of a gently rising bluflf, which extends up and down the river five miles, and is three-^fourths of a mile wide. The summits of these bluffs are cpvered by many elegant private residences, commanding a pic- turesque view of the city and island of Rock Island, the railroad bridge, the city beneath our feet, and the wide flowing river with its steam craft of various kinds. The city has extensive nSercantile, agricultural, and manufac- turing interests, and is the great grain depot of the Upper Mississippi River. It is noted for its many fine church edifices and large substantial school buildings, while it boasts the finest Opera House, in the West, out- side of Chicago. Griswold College, College of the Sisters of the Imma- culate Conception, and Mercy Hospital, are located here, and it is one of the boasts of the citizens that Davenport is, in point of intelligence, one of the first cities of her size in the land. The place was"settled in 1835, by An- toine Le Claire, a half-breed interpreter of the Sac and Fox Indians, whose chief village was here. It was named in honor of Col. Geo. Davenport Its streets are admir- ably laid out, its houses elegant, and its public buildings a credit to local pride. The whole scenery about this place is bold, striking, and romantic The inhabitants are intelligent, refined, and withal possessed of that sterling character and sound reason, which ensures prosperity and wide influence to a community. Once more resuming our journey, we are soon at Iowa 24 :M ^70 AU-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. i; \ City, 2^ miles from Chicago. This city has a population of 6,500, is beautifully situated ^ on the bluffs of the Iowa River, < and was formerly the capital S of the State. The town is t embowered in groves of trees 1 and surrounded by fertile farms. 2 The streets for the most part 5 are long and wide. At the c intersection! of Capitol street ^ and Iowa avenue, on a com- 1 manding eminence, stands the I Iowa State Universit3\ I Continuing our journey for J 121 miles, we reach Des Moines, \ the capital of Iowa, 358 miles 't from Chicago. The popula- 5 tion is 25,000. The city is z. situated at the junction of the 'i Des Moines and Racoon rivers, ^ and is distinguished for the 5 numbei; and the superior archi- : tecture of its public buildings, < especially its Capitol, which is Z ■'^"rpassed by no edifice of its J', the Pacific seaboard and the Gulf of Mexico, To the Gnat West, via the C, R. I. & P. R. .'{77 At the junction, wh.ere we diverged for Atchison, we again take cars for Leavenworth, which we reach by 21 miles travel, being landed in the Union Depot, a cut of which we here give. 378 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. n I i Leavenworth is 531 miles from Chicago, and has^'a population of 18,000. This is the largest and mc7st flourishing city in Kansas, and is beautifully laid out and situated on the west bank of the xMissouri. It occupies a hjghly advantageous geographical position and is To the Great West, via the C, R. I. & P. R. 379 surrounded by one of the richest agricultural regions in the valley of the Missouri. The old river which the traveller has so often crossed on his westward journey, flows here with a swift, deep current, and is bordered on the Kansas side by a natural levee of rock, affording excellent landing for. the steamers running upon this mighty stream. The streets run at right angles, extending north, souths east and west, the principal ones being macadamized and all are lighted with gas. In 1853, there was not a rof or shanty, nor a single human being, where Leavenworth now stands. Thick hazel brush covered its site, and the v,olves roamed unmolested. How different in May,. 1880; a prosperous city wherein all seem filled with animation and self-reliance, health, wealth, and joy pre- vailing on every hand. The city has many elegant schools and academies,, over thirty churches, several public halls, a military prison and five hotels. Large founderies, saw mills, ma- chine shops, and factories are everywhere to be seen ; and elegant stores, rivalling some of the best in the East,, are dailv crowded with eager purchasers. The educational facilities are admirable, and the local press enterprising, being represented by gentlemen of unusual intelligence and ability. Leavenworth's private residences are handsome, man} of them perfectly elegant, and the Court House is a magnificent building and a credit to the city. We now conduct the tourist to the bridge, which spans the Missouri at this point, another wonderful piece of me- chanical skill, over which the finely equipped trains of the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad passes,. 38(1 Alt-Rou,„l Roule „nd Pa.wramu Guide. and A re-crosscs so many fine br interesting sicrhts. \\ nierican Contin ^es, presentin ent, crosses so many e would here state that it is well '^^?r To the Gnat West, via tlw C, A'. /. & P. H. ■ Harlan Branch left the main line ; and after a ride of 41 miles are landed in the Union Depot at Council Bluffs, 500 miles from ' J'hicago, where connec- tions are made with the Union Pacific Railway, for all points, on that line, the Central Pacific Railway, and IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 LI 150 ■**- 2.5 2.2 18 L25 II u 1.6 .4 6" ► '-i ^;. .^ ^P m ^.'s.. ^-^i/ -•y Ptiotographic Sciences Corporation %0' V y/^^ ^pv \\ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WPSSTER.N.Y. MStO (716) 872-4503 KS .^ .^^ '^* \^I% ^.A^ ^ 382 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ' every place in the Great States and Territories north and west of Colorado. Council Blufifs was originally settled in 1849. by the Mormons, exiled from Nauvoo, in Illinois ; its import- ance as a city, dates only from the advent of the rail- road, nearly twenty years after the Mormons made their settlement The city is surrounded by hills, and nestles in a basin-Hke hollow, about a mile from the Turbid river. The scenery around Council Bluffs, is parti- i^ifii v^.j^j^L,!.:. To the Great West, via the C, R. I. & P. R. 383 cularly interesting to artists who delight " in high bluflfs, fierce rapids, mountain streams, marshy valleys, and all those varieties, v^^hich go to make up a landscape." The town itself has a population of some ten thousand, and is a fairly active business place and hopeful of a brilliant future. It is well worth a sejourn of a day to any traveller, for all around it are charming scenes, which will delight the eye of lovers of the beautiful. 384 Atl-Round Roirc and Pmwrdmic Guide. **oia:iojL(3-o*<- -AITX)- •tfNe^TK-wE^'FE^]^ -f ^mw;iY> {Route B.] CHICAGO TO OMAHA, via CHICAGO ARD WORTH- WESTERN RAILWAY. |NE of the favorite routes to Omaha, Salt Lake City, Jj San Francisco, Big Tree and Yosemite Valley, and all i«P points in Colorado, and New Mexico, is via the Chi- cago and North Western Railway, which is the oldest and one of the most progressive and best constructed roads in the West, and by its continual growth from year to year it has extended its various trunk lines and branches to such proportions that it is now. what it claims to be, one of the leading roads in the West, - North and North- West. It bears an appropriate name, and one significant- of the territory it traverses. Beginning at Chicago, the "Queen City of the West," it spreads its line, through the North, North-west and West, passing through the important cities and places of its territory, so that the passenger going to any point in the west and northwest, can buy his ticket by the Chicago and North- Western Railway, and be sure of reaching his destination either on Its line or immediate connections. It makes a specialty of its Pullman Hotel and Sleeping Cars. The Pullman Sleepers are of the most improved style and i i To the Great West, via the C. & N, W. R. 385 make. Its management aiso* keeps pace with the times and offers the latest improvements for comfort, safety, durability and economy, and ajks the travelling public to accept the best facilities and advantages offered them on the American continent Accepting this tempting offer, we leave Chicago by this line. Going west v/e pass through a charming new country, in which are situated a series of flourishing towns and manufacturing centres. Thirty rniles out we arrive at Junction, where the follow- ing connections are made: North to Milwaukee, Fort Howard, Green Bay and Marquette ; North-westward to Madison; Westward to Dunleith and Dubuque. Con- tinuing our journey from Junction westward, we pass through a number of stations, the mos: important of which are Geneva and Courtland, 67 miles bringing us to Dixon, which' is 97 miles from Chicaga Here con- nections are made northward to Freeport ; southward to Bloomington, Springfield, Alton and St L )uis. Twenty- six miles further is Morrison, where connections are made for Rock Island. Fulton is the next place of note, 135 miles from Chicago. At this point the train cros£;es the Mississippi on a magnificent iron-bridge 4,100 feet long, with a drawbridge of 300 feet The population of Fulton 13 3»300- At the Iowa end of the bridge is the growing city of Clinton,— population 10,000; it is the county seat of Clinton County, Iowa, and has extensive railroad connections, viz., The Chicago and North- Western, Chi- cago, Clinton, Dubuque and Minnesota, both occupying the same depot The Chicago, Burlington and Quincy, occupying separate depots. The lumber business is the principal industry of Clinton. For the next eighty miles the route passes over rolling prairie , dotted with home- 25 • 386 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. steads and rich fields of grain, to Cedar Rapids, 219 miles from Chicago, a city of 1 1,500 inhabitants, situated on the Cedar River and at the intersection of several rail- road lines. These are the Chicago and North-Western, Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern, which occupy the same depot, and the Chicago, Milwaukee and St Paul, (Racine and South Western Division), which occu- pies a separate depot The principal business interests of this place are mercantile, agricultural and manufacturing. From this point, for about 70 miles, the road runs through a fertile, but still comparatively virgin country, to Marshall Town, which is the county seat of Marshall County, Iowa ; population 6,509. Connections northward to Mason city, Austin and St Paul ; southward to Ottumwa, Keo- kuk, &c. Seventy-four miles further bring us to Grand Junction, where connections are made nDrth, to Fort Dodge, and south to Des Moines capital of the State o^ Iowa. From here we pass by many unimportant stations through the Des Moines River Valley, which is especi- ally picturesque. This portion of the trip is yi::ty in- teresting, both to the tourist in quest of health and re- creation, and to the emigrant or seeker after investment in a Western home. Sixty-one miles from Grand Junc- tion bring us to Denison, 423 miles from Chicago, pop- ulation 1,500. At this point the train enters a still rich country and finally debouches into the Missouri Valley* striking that river, and pulling up at Missouri Valley Junction, 44 miles from Denison, where close connections are made north to Sioux City ; westward, by California Junction across the Missouri River, to Fre- mont and the Union Pacific road. Proceeding 23 miles from Missouri Valley Junction, we arrive at Council To tJie North West, via tJie C & N, W. R, 387 Bluffs 490 miles from Chicago. Here connections are made north to Sioux City, &c. ; south to Nebraska City (by branch), to Lincoln, capital of Nebraska, St Joseph on the Missouri River. The Chicago and North- Western have their own splendid passenger station here, besides making connections in the Union Depot with the Union Pacific Railroad for all points West, across the magnificent railway suspension bridge to Omaha, 492 miles from Chicago. For description of Omaha sec route. [Route C] FROM CHICAGO TO THE KORTH AND KORTH-Y/EST. |ESIDES its great western line to Omaha, already described, the Chicago and North-Western Railway has a direct and most advantageous route to all parts of the North-West It connects with lines in all directions, and is without question one of the most important and best equipped roads in the country The Chicago and North-Western Railway Company own two lines that run from Chicago northward, and one of these lines, sixty-two miles from Chicago, at Harvard Junction, divides, and thereafter two lines are formed and diverge into entirely different sections of the North and North- west. After the north-west line has reached Elroy, 1 50 miles from Harvard Junction, another line goes off to St. Paul. This is called the Chicago, St. Paul and Minnea- polis line. The second of the lines referred to above runs along the west shore of Lake Michigan, through a beau- tiful section of country, passing by many flourishing towns and villages, well worthy of notice to the tourist, but our 388 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. want of space forbids a more detailed description of them. Continuing our journey to Milwaukee we will go over these lines separately. The run from Chicago to Milwaukee, is by the Milwaukee division of the Chicago and North-western Railroad, a distance of 8? miles. The . chief towns through which we pass are, Kenosha 5 1 miles from Chicago, situated on Lake Michigan at the mouth of Kenosha River, and the county seat of Kenosha County, Wis., has extensive mercantile and manufacturing interests. Racine, 62 miles from Chicago, population 1 5,300, situated on Lake Michigan, at mouth of Rip River, is noted for having one of the best harbors on the lake, and is the county seat of Racine County, Wis. Milwaukee is another of thosfe wonderful western cities that have sprung into marvellous prosperity, within the short cycle of one generation. It was settled in 1835; its pecula- tion is fully 1 30,000, one half of which is German, and the impress of their peculiar habits of life is stamped upon the place. Milwaukee is a great lumber and flour em- porium, and its beer is famous. Among its prominent public buildings are the Custom House, Court House, and National Asylum for disabled soldiers. The streets are broad and generally shaded. The chief" hotels, are the New Plankinton House, the N^ewhall House, and the Kirby House. The Plankinton House is pot surpassed by any house in the State. From Milwaukee to St Paul the journey is made by the Lacrosse and St. Paul Division of the Milwaukee and St. Paul Railway, which covers a distance of 341 miles in 17 hours. THE CHICAGO, ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS LINE. This is a direct route to the valley of Red River of the \ M To the North West, via tJu C. & N. W. R. 389 north, and acquires exceptional importance from that fact. The train leaves Chicago, and after passing Harvard Junction, strikes out in a north-westerly direction through north-west Illinois and south-west Wisconsin, till it reaches St Paul, 409 miles from Chicago. The trains of the Chicago, St. Paul & Minneapolis line runs the celebrated Pullman Palace Drawing-room Sleeping Cars through, between Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis, twice daily without change, and no break is made in the journey. This line presents to the tourist some of the most striking scenery to be found in the Great TJorth-west. Prairie, lake, and valley scenery follow in rapid succession, so that none become weary of the monotony of the journey. St. Paul is situated at the head of navigation on the Mississippi, and its location is admirable. It is an historic spot, having been visited in 1680, by Father Hennepin, a celebrated Franciscan missionary and traveller. It was he who discovered and named the Falls of St. Anthony. Eighty-six years after, Jonathan Carver came there and made a treaty with the Nandowessie Indians, in what is now known as Carver's Cave. In 1 840, Vital Guerin built a log house, where Ingersoll's Hall stands at present, and in the same year Father Gauthier, a Roman Catholic missionary, arrived and built a log church, which he. called St Paul's, and from that was named the Capital of the State. Referring to the State Capital Building, it is situated on high ground and occupies an entire square and is built of brick. It contains the State Offices, Legislative Chambers, State Law Library, and the Collection of the State Historical Society. There are severaL large public 890 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. schools in the city ; the State Reform School is in the suburbs. St Paul Bridge, 1,730 feet long is worth seeing It ,s of wood, resting upon stone piers, and is an inclmed plane ascending from the high bluff at the foot of Wabashaw street to the bottom lands of west St Paul ; the largest river steamers can pass under it The present population of St. Paul is 45.000. The environs are very picturesque, inducting a number of lakes and the Mmnehaha Falls, immortalized in Longfellow's Hia- watha. THE FAMOUS SUMMER RESORTS FO THE NORTH-WEST. ;HERE are so hiany views of transcendent beauty in ^1 this region, it would be impossible to give them with- ^ out swelling this volume to unwieldy proportions • we must fain content ourselves with the few we have collected, as occasion offered. We have not taken pains to arrange them methodically in the order in which they occur in a trip, but promiscuously, like the collectictis in artists' studios, which are best arranged when not arranged at all. And here, we may say, there is not one fancy sketch in our whole gallery, every scene is from nature, and located exactly where stated. In the Eastern States, the Summer resorts are numerous and attractive, and their fame is national • but the cost of reaching them and the high rates of ivmg there deter fnany from making the trip, and calcu- lations for a summer vacation are often made on the basis of Newport, Long Branch or Saratoga prices, and the idea of a summer trip in any other direction is abandoned on account of its cost. Now, it is needless to remark To the North West, via the C. & N. W. R. 3^1 that almost any man who should hear of a plan which would obviate these objections and enable him to send his family to an agreeable Summer Resort, would hasten to take advantage of it. It is really remarkable how little is known of the beau- tiful scenery and charming society at the watering-places of the Great North-west. In this section, every variety of climate, air, water, scenery and society can be found every summer ; and with the single exception of surf bathing in salt water, there are no natural advantages the Eastern resorts can boast of, that cannot be found in an equal degree of perfection in the North-west. What points of picturesque beauty can the popular resorts in Massachusetts, New York or Pennsylvania show superior to those of Wisconsin and Minnesota ? In what respect can the medicinal waters of Saratoga claim superiority over those of Waukesha, Waukegan, Sparta, Palmyra, and other places ? Who that has hunted in the woods and on the prairies of Wisconsin and Minnesota, whipped the trout streams of Michigan, and trolled for black bass on the Wisconsin lakes, would expect to find anything more attractive East ? WISCONSIN, The " Badger State," is yearly becoming more widely and more favorably known to the summer tourist, and to the seeker after rural pleasures. While comparatively a new State, it is yet old in many respects. As long ago as the middle of the seventeenth century, it was visited by French missionaries and traders, who took home with them glowing accounts of the fertility of its soil ; of the splendor of its scenery ; of the freshness of its odorous 392 All-Round Rouu aud Panoramu Guide. streams, full of many kinds of fish ; of its clear deen cold, pure and beautiful lakes, of wLich 4e S J'te Z ' many hundreds; and of its delightful, bahS and .nv,goratmg summer climate. The stores o7^he"e advantages were not lost on the beauty-loving Fr nch the IndLs the T' " '^'^ '"' ''='"'"' '° ^='" fro™ tne Indians, the country we now name Wisconsin. OBJECTS OF INTEREST TO TOURISTS. Scattered, if we may so speak, all over the State c;i„ be found objects of interest ,o the lover of the pfc^^url^q^ and not a few of .hterest to the antiqua-y. Scattered over her undulatmg plains are found earthworks evidently the work of a race different from that which fortification, seventeen hundred feet long and nine hun dred feet wide, with walls five to six feef high and m™' than twenty feet thick ; this, with another near the Blue bl« Turtle ; T "'"^°"' '" ^^"^ '"""'y- '-em- bles 1 turtle ; one at the south end of " The Devil^ Lake " Cassvil e, ,„ Grant county, on the Mississippi river Dane county, „se to two thousand feet above the sur- roundmg country, and are prominent landmarks in that praine country. This State shares with Minnesota the beautiful Lake Pepin, an expansion of the Mississippi To the North West, via tlie C. & N. W. R. 393 river, mostly walled in by precipitous shores which rise in places to five hundred feet. Connected with almost every cliff or promontory along the shores of this beauti- ful lake, are legends of the Indians who formerly had homes there. Along the rivers of this State are found many beautiful falls, rivalling those of the older States* In the St. Louis river are "The Dalles," which have a descent of three hundred and twenty feet. The Dalles of the St. Croix are also well known. Quinnessee Falls, in Menomonee river, have a perpendicular pitch of over fifty feet, and a general descent of one hundred and fifty feet in a mile and a half, besides many other rapids, where the river tosses and dashes ♦:hrough narrow and tortuous defiles. The Chippewa Falls and Big Sull Falls might also be noted. Along the Wisconsin river are many grand arid picturesque views. ELKHART LAKE. This charming lake is located 62 miles north of Mil- waukee, covering an area of about 600 acres, very irregular in outline, with jutting bluffs, beneath whose shades the crystal water slumbers, so pure and clear that • the white sand at the bottom can be plainly seen at a depth of 20 to 25 feet. This lake is entirely spring-fed, having no inlet ; it affords good boating and fine fishing, and there is good duck shooting on the " Big Marsh" of the Sheboygan River, within a mile and a half of Elkhart. The high location of Elkhart, some 300 feet above the level of Lake Michigan, renders it very healthy, and, being only 15 miles from the shores of Lake Michigan, a cooling breeze generally prevails. The hotel accommodations are first-class. 3M AU-Roimd Route atid Panoratnic Guide, GREEN BAY Also lays claim upon the tourist, the Fox river and bay offering fine yachting, and Bass Channel good fishing. PENOKEE. At this point, 324 miles from Milwaukee, is some of the wildest scenery in Wisconsin. Bad river and Tyler Fork come rushing through their beds of solid rock, in a constant wild struggle for supremacy over the barriers confronting them at every point, forming many cascades and preUy falls. The falls are a mile apart, about the same distance from the point where the two streams unite, thence being known as Bad river, flowiijg north. Its onward career is, one of unceasing difficulties, particu- larly at the narrow gorge through which the wild waters force their way with resistless force and great velocity. Ail the points named are reached in a short walk from the railroad, and through passengers for Ashland and other Lake Superior points, should not fail to "lay over" at Penokee to enjoy one of the most beautiful scenes on the entire journey. LAKE GENEVA, Seventy miles from Chicago, is blessed with charming ocenery and a lovely sheet of water, which was called by the Indians, Kish-wa-ke-ta, signifying crystal water. Later it was known as Big Foot, from its resemblance to the human foot. Its shores are, in places, bold ; in others, undulating ; here topped with grand old forests of oak ; ^ there, opening into a rolling country. LAKE ZURICH, Named after one of the mostbev/itrhincr l^u^. ^f c,.,:*-.^.. To tlu North West, via the C. Sr N. W. R. 395 land, is one and a half hour's ride from Chicago on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & North-Western Railway. Lake Zurich is belted round with groves of timber, and abounds with pickerel and black bass. GREEN LAKE, WISCONSIN. This magnificent sheet of pure spring water, located a short distance from Green Lalx Station, on the Sheboy- gan and Fond du Lac Railroad, has become a favorite resort and one of the most successful competitors for the patronage of summer tourists. Situated in a charming landscape, with forests of stately oaks and far-stretching prairies, with fine drives, its scenic attractions are unsur- passed. The lake is one of the largest in the State, com- prising forty-five square miles, resembling Lake Michigan in shape. It affords the finest fishing, and is famous for its duck shooting, while the facilities for rowing and sailing are nowhere better. , r %. Green Lake derives its name from the color of its water. The scenery of its shores varies from beautiful grassy slopes to high, rocky cliffs, bordered with ever- Ireens, presenting the greatest diversity o physical Character. The lake is not a " praty little mill pond on the contrary, it has crested waves of formidable pro- portions, and when lashed into foam looks anything but placid, LAKE PEPIN Is an expanse of the Mississippi river. 5 miles wide and 25 long, a sheet of water of crystalline purity and beauty unsurpassed. Not an island dots the surface to obscure the view of its surroundings and castellated rocks, relieved by mounds of gentle outline, rivalling the most romantic portions of the Khine. 396 AlLRound Route and Panoramic Guide. ST. PAUL AND MINNEAPOLIS Are both situated so as to be within easy carriage-driving distance of the Falls of St. Anthony. Minnehaha Falls, Carvers Cave, Fountain Cave, White Bear Lake, Bridal Veil Falls, Lake Como, Fort Snelling and the Fawn's Leap — all worthy of a visit. LAKE MINNETONKA 15 miles from St. Paul, is made up of a series of bays some 25 in number, which form a chain of what appears to be a succession of distinct lakes, but joined by estuaries. The banks covered by a heavy growth of forest trees • the numerous jutting points, some steep and abrupt' others sloping gently to the. water's edge; and the nu- merous islands covered with the living green of the foliage, combine to form a picture of varied beauty most pleasing to the eye. This lake has over 300 miles of shore, and all who have visited it pronounce it as un- qualifiedly the most interesting and beautiful place in the Great North-west. MINNEHAHA FALLS Never fail to charm the visitor. " Laughing Wat-r"_ one gentle leap over a wall of almost perpendicular rock the stream breaks into a million braided rills, falling like a shower of diamonds and snowflakes, the foam below nsmg in a veil of mist. A pathway leading under the tall gives an opportunity .to view it from behind A stairway and bridge lead to the wild basin, into which the ^ water pours. " In the land of the Dakotahs, Where the Falls of Minnehaha Flash and gleam among the oak trees. Laugh and leap into the valley—" To the North West, via the C & N. W. R. 397 LAKE ELMO. No more delightful and comfortable resort for the summer wanderer can be found in the North than this charming lake, which is located but a few miles from St. Paul. . • i.u- The lake is unsurpassed in beauty by any other m this - Land of Lakes," the crystal sheet lying nestled beneath prettily sloping banks, on which stand shady groves. Tiny bays, where fragrant water liUies try to hide their dainty beauty, appear at intervals, and shady hooks invite to their delicious coolness. PRIOR LAKE. This magnificent body of water is seven miles long, in some places nearly two miles wide, and, like most of the forest lakes, its shores are irregular and uneven, points extending out into the water in many places, dividing the body of water into bays, giving a shore line of some sixty miles. -r 1 i_ At the south end, divided from Prior Lake by a nar- row strip of land, is Spring Lake, a handsome sheet of water, nearly circular in form. Prior Lake .s fed from Sprine Lake, which derives its supply from a very large spring that boils up out of the ground some miles away. There is no visible outlet to Prior Lake, and the water probably passes off into the Minnesota river through a subterranean passage. Surrounded by a growth of large timber, with high banks, and some ten islands m its midst. Prior Lake combines all the elements of beauty and pu:- turesqueness peculiar to our forest lakes, and .s famed for the inexhaustible supply of fish contained m its waters The varieties oi nsh arc tuc 3ax»x- ^ \ 398 All-Round Route and Panoramic Gttide, Minnesota lakes, but the bass caught there are far ahead of any found elsewhere. DALLES OF THE ST. CROIX. The rapids, falls and dalles of St. Croix extend for a distance of about six miles, and the river in that distance has a fall of sixty-three feet, and is only second to St Anthony Falls in amount of power that might be utilized for manufacturing purposes. The massive pile of rocks forms solid perpendicular walls at some points on both sides of the river, while at other places the rocks are piled on each other in irregular masses of disjointed fragments, to a great height. In wandermg over the rough pile, we see everywhere the evidences of igneous action which has split and crumbled the trap rock, leaving it in similar appearance to' half- burnt hme rock. In ages past the face of the falls must have extended to the lower end of the Dalies, as we find traces of the regular wear of flowing water everywhere on the surface, fifty feet above the present level of the river. The condition and appearance of these rocks is exactly similar to what might be supposed to follow the sudden lifting of a body of rock by a blast beneath that was strong enough to throw it from' its natural position into the air, rending it asunder and then settling back leaving the surface a shapeless heap. One of the curious evidences of the work of water is to be found in the natural wells. These are to be found in great profusion of ail sizes and shapes. Some of perfectly circular for- mation like a stove funnel, but without an opening at the bottom ; others are broken out at the sides, or have out- lets below. We went into one from below, that was ten To the North West, via the C, & N. W. R. 399 feet in diameter, and as many in depth, with sides worn perfectly smooth, but irregular in shape, as though made by a whirlpool. WHITE BEAR LAKE. Twelve miles from the city of St. Paul, on the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad, is located one of the pleasantest sum- mer resorts to be found in the Northwest. Having the advantage of being situated about equi-distant from the three largest cities of Minnesota, viz., St. Paul, Minnea- polis and Stillwater, with all of which places it is con- nected by rail, it has become the custom for friends in the cities to make it a place of re-union, and many are the picnics that make the shores -of the beautiful lake lively during the bright and pleasant summer days. THE GEM OF MINNESOTA. White Bear Lake has many attractions not possessed by other popular resorts in the State, and is not like any other lake that we have seen. The lake itself is a beau- tifully clear §heet of water, some 3>^ miles in length by 2^ miles in width, with a very handsome island nestling in its centre. The depth of water reaches in places some 50 feet, and the shore line is about 30 miles ; the area of water surface being 2,625 acres, or 6 i-io miles. It has a pebbly beach, where agates and cornelians are as abun- dant as at other Minnesota lakes. These lakelets seem to have been placed in just the right spots where they can be accessible from the cities, by a mere half hour's ride, and the transition from the bustle and confusion and heat . ' business to the cool shade, the crisp, green grass, the easy soothing motion of the fairy yacht, or the bracing breeze that sena^ tne 400 AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide, billows across the deck, is astonishing in its healthful effects upon young and old. Did you ever consider hovy easy it was to enjoy the good things of life and at how little expense, and how much less it would cost to keep up the vigor of your manhood or womanhood by breath- ing the pure air of the country, and engaging in out-of- door recreations, than it does to dig and delve day after day, and swallow any amount of nauseous drugs, to drive away the ills that result from too close confinement and lack of exercise ? If our men and women invoked the aid of nature oftener, in its pure simplicity, and enjoyed what has been created for them, they would have better health than they now possess, 'But we must hasten on our journey to the famous Red River country of the North, \Route D^ FROM ST. PAUL TO WINNIPEG, Via THE ST. PAUL M. AUD H. RAILWAY, ^HE St Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway » forms the connecting link of the favorite route pre- yiously described, (the Chicago, St Paul and Minnea- polis R,R,), and from St Paul makes direct connection with allpomts in north-western Minnesota, Northern Dakota and Manitoba, traversing the entire length of the Great Red River Valley of the North to St Vincent By taking the finely equipped trains of the St Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway the general traveller passes oVer one of the smoothest road beds to be found in the great North west, and is afforded every accommodation which makes a journey to the West and North-west pleasant and comfortable ; th. tourist, also, who travels for plea To the North West, via the St. P., M. & M. R, 401 sure or in quest of health, will find the St Paul, Minnea- polis and Manitoba Railway the only line running to Minnesota's famous summer resorts. Lake Minnetonka, Crookston, Grand Forks, St. Vincent and Winnipeg without change or detention of any kind. ENERGY OF THE NEW MANAGEMENT. The present Company, whose President is Mr. George Stephen, (President of the Bank of Montreal,) and Vice- ^ President, Mr. R. B. Angus, (late Managing- Director of the ' same Bank,) is fortunate in having secured the sei-vices of so energetic and far-seeing a general manager as Mr. J. J. Hill. Under his management, since it succeeded to tho old St Paul and Pacific Railway Company in June, 1879, it has constructed over 200 miles of road, fully trebled its rolling stock, and equipped all its trains with the Westinghouse air-brakes and the Miller platform and palace sleeping coaches. This Company has also some 256 miles of new road under construction, to be completed this year. Another new enterprise which the Company has undertaken and will soon have in operation, is a new short line to Minneapolis with a new bridge across the Mississippi River at that city. A further proof of energy is seen in the construction of a Depot at Minneapolis, carried through by this Company which will be the finest Union Depot in that city or the North-west ^ It is owing to the persistency of the management of this road, moreover, that St Paul is indebted for the magnificent Union Depot noW building in that city. Leaving St Paul, which we have previously described, by the elegantly and finely equipped trains of the St Paul, 26 402 All-Roimd Route and Panoramic Guide. Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway, a distance of I2 miles brings us to Minneapolis, which is a thriving an4 beautiful city built in sight of the Falls of St. Anthony , with their one hundred and twenty thousand horse-power and succession of fine rapids. The city is beautiful and well located for a great manufac- turing centre, which it is. A fine suspension bridge above the Falls connects the two parts of the city, comprising the original Minneapolis and the former city of St. Anthony , now united. The city itself is of very fine appearance, with wide, clean streets, elegant business blocks, hotels and residences, which, in point of style, are nowhere excelled. '^ We notice here the same life and activity found in St Paul, and, in fact, throughout the north-western country. Minneapolis is the capital of Hennepin County, Minne- sota, and has a population of upwards of 50,000. It is 420 miles North-west from Chicago, and is one of the •most populous and flourishing cities in the State. Among its most beautiful and prominent buildings are the U. S. Custom House, the Music Hall and Post-office. Minnea- polis is a very large manufacturing city and possesses the finest and largest available water-power in the world. Fully half this water-power, which takes in all on the east side of the river, has recently been purchased and is under the full control of the management of the Railway Company referred to, which has recently completed arrangements for the construction of a canal and connecting railway tracers and bridges, that will give facilities on the east side, greater than those already possessed by the Water Power Company. In addition, contracts have already been made for the erection of several large flour- To the North West, via the St. P., M. & M. R. 403 ing mills, thus giving the farmers along the line a far better market than that already offered. The St Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway is the only one in the North-west offering perfectly free and unrestricted ele- vator facilities to the settlers. Permission is also given to any one wishing to erect elevators at any of the stations, the only condition imposed upon the person receiving this privilege being, that his elevator shall be open to every ap- plicant and have ample facilities to receive all grain offered him ; in this way there will be provided at many stations a perfectly free and open market to buyers from all sections. The great advantage of this will be appre- ciated none too soon when compared with the position in this respect of settlers along other railroad lines, where the railway elevator privileges are held by a single com- bination. The great milling capacity of Minneapolis requiring, as it does, fully twenty-one million bushels of wheat per year to keep its mills in motion for 300 days, furnishes a home market not possessed by any other State or terri- tory. The settlers on the lands of the above-named Company- are not obliged, as is generally supposed, to look to the markets of Chicago, Milwaukee and Duluth for their buyers but by means of the free elevator system above mentioned, their markets are at their own stations, and the competi- tion opened by these free elevp.tors gives at each station a lively market where farmers can get full value for their wheat Minneapolis has already twenty-four fine stone flouring mills, having a capacity of over 17,000 barrels of tlour per day ; one of these mills is the finest and largest in the world. 404 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. In the vicinity of Minnoipolis are a number of very in- teresting atlractions; amonj others the Silver Cascade^ Bridal Veil Falls, a deep cone opposite the Falls of St Anthony on the east side, and several beautiful lakes, the drives to wh'ch from the city are vc.y pie?' ant the scenery beautiful, and the roads in fine condition. Among the smaller lakes within, easy reach of the city, noted for their beautiful scenery and the opportunities they offer for en- joyment, are Harriet, Cedar, and Medecine lakes. Fifteen miles from Minneapolis is Lake Minnetonka — "Big water" in the language of the Sioux, — which, by reason of its extent and superior attractions, is becoming one of the most popular watering-places in the State. Arriving at Wayzata, the railway station of the St. Paul, Minnea- polis and Manitoba Railway at the Lake, the attention of visitors is attracted by the large fleet of steamers lying at the wharves awaiting the arrival of the trains. These steamers ply regularly between Wayzata and the village of Excelsior, on the opposite side of the Lake. Number- less sail and row boats are also on hand. This beautiful Lake is composed of a series of bays, some twenty-five in number, which form a chain of what appears to be distinct lakes, ^ut they are joined by estuaries, many of which are navigable by the steamers. Lake Mjnnetonka has long enjoyed a wide reputation as a resort for the tourist, and particularly the sportsman, drawn thither by the e-icellent fishing and shooting. The hotel accom- modation is good and ample for the entertainment of a large number of guests. The St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway passes through one of the niost valuable and important sections of Minnesota, including the famous valley of the To the North West, via the St. P., M. & M. R. 405 Red River of the North, which lies between the northern portions of Minnesota and Dakota Territory, extending North into Manitoba to Like Winnip j, wh^rh is navi- gable for tv\o thirds of its en^ re Icnolb. The va"ey prop-r is a pliin, fo.Ly feet above the water level of the rive*-, thr^e hundred miles lonj, and from forty to fifty miles in width. This valley was once the bad of a h^'^ which on reeding lot a rich alluvial de- posit from two ard a h-'^f to • 'x fc.:; de.p, on lacustrine clay, varying in depth from eighty to two hundred feet. From the river edge the plain on both sides gradually rises in Minnesota and Dakota, to the blufi"s or former -'lores of the lake, until at Pembina, Mountains on the International boundary, it attains about one hundred and fifty feet. We can heartily commend to the notice .of all those who are visiting th's marvellous county, with a view to investing in land, the m-ny ?'^^dntJ2 - wh-"-h +he St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway offers to the settlers along their line. They have about th"ee million acres ^of land, which they offer for sale on the most liberal terms. These lands are divided into three' classes ; the first is the heavily timbered lands, forming a part of the "Big Woods" district, and sdling on an average, at $';.oo per acre. Heavy, valuable timber is scattered all through th's sec 'on. The second-class com- prises partly-timbered lands, and is the much-admired "Park District" of Minnesota. The fertile prairies, dotted with groves, clumps of trees, and innumerable lakes, offer great opportunities for diversity of occupa- tion. Land in this section sells at about the same figure as in the first-mentioned class. 406 All-Round Route and Pamramic Guide, The third class, has those choice prairie lands, on the main line of railway running to the Canadian Territory in the Great North-west, including the fertile valley of the Red River, already described. These lands are the Mecca of the farmer. Many acres all along the line have been' already dis- posed of, and flourishing towns and villages numbering a few hundred to a few thousand inhabitants, with churches, schools, and many other advantages, are to be found every few miles. The class of settlers who are rapidly securing for themselves homes, is among the most thrifty to be found in any part of the country through which the railway passes. This parf: of the country is growing rapidly, and is accessible to the best markets ; water is abundant and pure, the scenery attractive, the climate healthful in the extreme, the spil fertile, and the lands well wooded. With the immense elevator privileges all along the line of this road, and the demand at Minneapolis for wheat, the wonderful flour mills previously described, and the numerous large mills scattered throughout the State :. with almost unequalled commercial, geographical, and manufacturing advantages, a magnificent school system,, splendid churches and boundless natural wealth, Min- nesota bids fair to become one of the first States in the Union. The searcher for a home cannot find a choicer section in the United States to locate upon; To locate within the confines of Minnesota, especially in the Red River valley along the route of the St. Paul, Minnea- polis and Manitoba P.ruvay, -'ith railroad connections, terminal facilities at Ma ittoba and St. Paul, a great rail- way centre furnishing easy access to markets, is suceess^ lo the North West, via the St. P., M. & M. R. 407 is wealth, is iudepemience, and consequent hafpiness. These are among the maiiy advantages and principal features which the St. Paul. MinneapoHs and Manitoba Railway Company has to offer to the patrons of their line All their through trains make close connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway at St. Vincent on the International Boundary. , . This line is the only one running into the Dominion of Canada, from St. Paul direct to Manitoba. Winnipeg is an interesting town, not only from the historic associations attached to it, but because it bids fair to rival, on Canadian soil that marvel of rapid growth, which we so often witness on the American side. At Fort Garry it was long the chief trading post of the Hudson Bay Company, and the seen, of many an Indian adventure, not the least of which was the half-breed re- volt of 1870, in which the weird figure of Louis Riel ap • peared so conspicuously. The Province of Manitoba was incorporated with the Dominion of Canada in July, 1870, and Winnipeg at- tained, in 1873. the dignity of a city, to which it has since done ample justice; it is now a well-built city, supplied with all the advantages which increasing commerce im- parts and can already boast of a population of 10^ souls ; ic enjoys a most commanding position at the con- fluence of the Assiniboine and Red Rivers and is the centre of the trade of the Far North-west The town haU^ market, post-ofi^ce, Dominion Land Office and Custom House are all substantial edifices. The educational wants of the people of every denom- ination are well supplied, and at St. Bonifece, on the op- posite side of the Red River, there is a Roman Catholic 408 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, • •Archbishopric, with a college and convent that would do honor to any place of its size in the Province of Quebec Winnipeg is connected with the outer world by telegraph, and by rail, and steamboat connection. It will for many years be the principal point on the Canadian Pacific Railway, which is destined to add immeasurably to its wealth and importance. {Route E^ THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. ^HIS great undertak.ng— gigantic for a new country ' like the Dominion— will soon become a leading power in the (Carrying trade of this continent ; it will extend from the head of St. Lawrence navigation, and Lake Superior to Burrard'Inlet on the British Columbia coast The distance between the ocean terminus, and ?ort Moody, Burrard is 2,870 miles, as compared with the dis- tance by rail of 3.370 from New York to San Francisco. It is expected a considerable portion of the road will be open for traffic next summer ; the stretch from the head of Lake Superior to Selkirk on Red River is di-ided into three sections of which two, the easterly and westerly, are finished, while the intermediate is being rapidly puJhed through. West from Winnipeg the line is under contract for three hundred miles. The whole length of the road can hardly be completed within the next decade, but the westerly portion will move continuously on, serving the rare purpose of colonization. THE GREAT NORTH-WEST. As much ignorance and misconception exists in regard to To the North West, via the Canadian P. R. 4Q9 the extent and resources of this new territory it will be in- t ;e.;Ingtogive a few details from authoritative sources. The history of the Noith-west and British Columbia may be roughly estimated as occupying the whole area north of the forty-ninth pc-allel; and its magnitude can only be judged by comparison as follows : — The ?rea of the United States is 2,936,166 square miles. The North-west of British America, including British Columbia is 2,598^837 square mile=. If the comparison is made with Europe, the area of all Europe is 3,81 1,594 square miles. If we add the whole of the Eastern Provinces of the Dominion and Prince Edward Island we have 35i,570 square fniles. The whole Dominion of Canada has, therefore, an ex- cess of area of 14,141 square miles over that of the whole United States. To return to Manitoba and the North-west Territory, the area of rich soil and pasturage in the valley of the Assiniboine and Saskatchewan alone is about 40,000,000 acres, of which about i8,oco,c :o acres, are at once available for the agncuhurist, and this land is black with richness. Of the rivers and lakes of this rich valley in addition to the almost numberless small ones, there is the Saskatch- ewan whose two great branches drain two-thirds of this district and is the most important. Both its great branches rise in the Rocky Mountains, crossing eighteen degress of latitude. This great stream affords in both branches about 1,400 miles of steamboat navigation. That the North-west of Brilish America is determined to become the granary of the continent seems clear enough.. Taki)ig all the circumstances and surroundings \ 410 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, into consideration, there is probably no country more- suitable in every respect for settlement by persons from, temperate and northern parts of Europe than the Pro- vince of Manitoba. We have already shown the Railway route to Winnipeg. There is already communication by steamboat from that city via Lake Winnipeg and the Saskatchewan, to the very foot of the Rocky Moun-, tains. The tract of country to the East of the Rocky Moun- tains contains one of the largest coal-fields in the world, which in some places crops out of the surface on the banks of the rivers. The rivers which run East from the Rocky Mountains are rich in gold deposits ; and in fact mineral wealth of almost every kind is found in this Territory. The Pacific terminus of the Canada Pacific Railway will possess one of the finest harbors in the world, in a mild climate, and supplied with all the essentials of a first-class naval station in the adjacent coal mines and ports. Its position in regard to Asiatic ports is such as to give it the command of a large share of the ocean trade. Assuming the early development of this immense ex- tent of fertile country, the North-west, with its com- mercial radius extended by railway and steamboat navigation, with an unlimited market both in the Eastern and Western hemispheres, must occupy a position with- out a superior in the world. We will now return to Chicago, and if the tourist chooses will conduct him over another of the great through lines To the Great West, via the C, B. & Q. R. 411 ^ [Route F.] FROM CHICAGO TO KANSAS CITY AND- OMAHA, via the BURLINGTON ROUTE. For Council Bluffs, Omaha, Salt Lake City, San Fran-^ Cisco and all points in the far West, we leave Chicago by the great Burlington Route, known as the Chicago, Bur- lington and Quincy Railroad, one of the best established lines in the country, and famous for the beauty and thoroughness of its equipment, and the only route upon which is run Pullman's i6-wheel Sleeping Cars and the celebrated and gorgeous Dining Cars, used only for that purpose. Elegant Drawing-room Cars with reclining chairs are also used on this line ; no extra charge is made for their use to through passengers. There is no railway company in th'j country which provides better accommo- dation for its patrons, or which keeps its passenger equip- ment in better condition. Indeed, the entire passenger equipment of the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy .Rail- way is unsurpassed, and contributes in no small degree to the wonderful growth and increase of its passenger traffic. This is the most southerly of the four great routes to the Pacific coast, and passes through Aurora, 38 miles from Chicago, a beautiful city of 12,000 inhabitants, situ- ated on Fox River. Here are located the extensive work shops and car manufactory of this line. Forty-six miles further on we come to Mendota,a fine agricultural and manufacturing town of 6,000 inhabitants, the seat of Mendota College and of a Wesleyan Semm- ary. Here connections are made with the Clinton branch of the line, also with the Illinois Central Railway, (mam line,) south to Bloomington, &c., north to Freeport, &a iiii 412 AlURound Route and Panoramic Guide. Passing on through Princetown and Galva eiehtv mil« ^.ngs u, to Galcsburg, .J4 ^jies ft-on, Chic't a^t portaht place of :..ooo souls; the seat o^ XraTd' e'lTwaM to°p''' Connections are here made south- To the Great West, via the C, B. & Q. R, 413 FROM GALESBURG TO QUINCY via THE QUINCY BRANCH. The Quincy branch of the Chirago, Burlington, and Quincy Railway, extends from Galesburg to Quincy, Illinois, lOO miles south the route passes through a beautiful section of country, which is dotted here and there with many fine farms and farm houses, presenting to the traveller evidences of thrift and prosperity all along the whole line, passing through many .important towns and villages, the principal of which are Abingdon which has a population of 1,300; Bushnell, a beautiful place of residence with numerous churches, and schools, has a population of 3,500 ; Macomb is also an important town of 3,650. Continuing on our journey for a distance of 60 miles we arrive at Quincy, 263 miles from Chicago. Quincy is the capital of Adams County, Illinois, and is truly a beautiful city, standing on a limestone bluff, with an elevation of 125. feet above the Mississippi River. Quincy has a population of 30,000. It has a public square, a fine court house, several churches, many public halls, an ele- gant opera house. The country in the vicinity is a rich rolling prairie and is highly cultivated. .The city does a very large shipping business both with its extensive rail- way connections- as well as by river. Quincy is also something of a manufacturing cit^% Among the numerous railways which centre here are the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy ; Hannibal and St. Joseph ; Quincy, Mis- souri and Pacific ; St. Louis, Keokuk and North-western ; Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railways ; all of which occupy the same depot. RETURNING TO GALESBURG. Fifteen miles beyond Galesburg we arrive at Mon- \ 414 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. mouth. At this point we connect with the St. Louis and Rock Island division o: the C. B. & Q. R. R. From this point, passing over a beautiful prairie country and through several unimportant towns for a distance of 28 miles, we cross the Mississippi River by the grand Suspension Bridge, one of the greatest triumphs of modern engineering skill, and run into Burlington, 207 miles from Chicago. BURLINGTON is a city of 25,000 inhabitants, and is the third in impor- tance in the State of Iowa, with fine river scenery, exten- sive commerce by river and otherwise. The seat of Burlington University (Baptist) and a great railway centre. Connections'here are very general; principally by the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railway and its branches. From here the Mississippi River may be as- cended to Rock -Island, Dubuque, &c., or descended to St. Louis, &c. Leaving Burlington, a distance of 75 miles brings us to Ottumwa, 282 miles from Chicago. Here con- nections are made north to Cedar Rapids, southward a^d eastward to St. Louis, &c. At Ottumwa the train crosses the Des Moines River, and passing through Albia, Chariton and Osceola, we arrive at 'Creston, 115 miles from Ottumwa and 397 from Chicago. Creston is situated on the dividing ridge between the Mississppi and Mis- souri rivers, and the locomotive and machine shops of this division of the line are located here. THE CRESTON AND HOPKINS BRANCH OF THE CHICAGO, BURLINGTON AND QUINCY RAILWAY FOR KANSAS CITY AND ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURL At Creston, 397 miles west from Chicago, the great To the Great West, via the C, B. & Q. R. 415 Burlington Route has another very important branch to Hopkins, 44 miles, over which this popular line runs through trains with the celebrated Pullman Sleeping cars to St. Joseph and Kansas City, which has been previously described in Route A, connecting at the latter place in the splendid new Union Depot with all trains of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe ; Kansas Pacific, Kansas City, Fort Scott and Guelph ; Kansas City, Law- rence and Southern ; the Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railways for all points in Colorado, New Mexico and Kansas. RETURNING TO CRESTON. Leaving Creston, loi miles brings us to Council Bluffs, 498 miles from Chicaga On our way we pass Red Oak, Pacific Junction, &c., but these towns do not require^ special mention. COUNCIL BLUFFS is beautifully situated on the east side of the Missouri, directly opposite to Omaha and Nebraska. It has a population of 11,000 souls ; has large mercantile interests • and very extensive railway connections, as the followmg roads centre here : Chicago, .Burlington and Quincy ; Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific ; Chicago and North- western ; Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs ; Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific, and the Union Pacific. All these have separate depots in the city, but occupy a Union Depot with the Union Pacific Railway. For •further description of Council Bluffs see Route A. 416 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. \Roiite G^ CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS. ^ Via THE CHICAGO. ALTON AND ST. LOUIS RAILWAY. CHICAGO TO ST. LOUIS. >HE distance between these two great and rival cities of the West, across the beautiful and fertile prairie lands of Central Illinois, is travelled by the famous Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Railroad. The way is studded with flourishing towns and cities, and everywhere the eye meets with tokens of thrift and prosperity. The most important of these is Joliet, a city of 8,000 inhabitants, situated on the Des Plaines River ; Bloomington, an im- portant railway centre with 15,000 inhabitants, and the seat of many important educational institutions, and Springfield, the capital of the State of Illinois, a city of 30,000 souls. Here is a noteworthy collection of public buildings, such as the State Capitol, the State Arsenal, the U. S. Building, containing the court-house, custom- house, a post-office. There, too, is the noble monument erected to the immortal memory of President Lincoln. The " Alton " is the only road that reaches Springfield directly from Chicago, whose track is owned, operated, and controlled by one Company. Alton is the next important point, a beautiful city of 10,000 inhabitants, situated on cliffs within sight of the confluence of the Missouri and the Mississippi. The , train then hurries us on to East St. Louis, whence we cross to St. Louis on its magnificent bridge, one of the triumphs of modern engineering. This structure is double- storied, the lower being alloted to railways and the upper to carriage ways, car tracks and footpaths. To the Great West, via the C, A. & St. L. R. 417 St. Louis is one of the four great cities in the Union, and the only possible rival of Chicago, with whom it is always disputing the palm of population. It is estimated that this year's census will give it a population of 6oo,cxX3. If so, it will rank after New York and Brooklyn, Phila- delphia and Baltimore. It is of French origin, having been established in 1762 by Laclide Leguest as a trading post. The city is built on a triple lime stone terrace overlooking the Mississippi, 20 miles below the entrance of the Missouri, and 175 miles above the mouth of the Ohio, thus occupying almost a central position in the great Valley. This position gives it immense commer- cial advantages, which are so constantly spreading as to warrant for it the appellation of the " Future Great City." It is a splendid railway and steamboat distributing point and lays just claim to being the chief flour manufactur- ing market of the world. Its public buildings are numerous and imposing, chief among them being the stately court house, the Four Courts and the Chamber of Commerce. It is likewise rich in educational institutions, such as the St. '■ ' TJniversity, the oldest of its kind in the West, Wash? Jnivers'ty, Concordia College, Mercantile Library, thers. Its hostelries are in admirable keeping vviui the rest. There are the old Planter's, oc- cupying a whole block on 4th street, between Pine and Chesnut; the magnificent Lindell, with its six stories on Washington avenue, between 7th and 8th streets ; the Laclede, corner 5th and Chesnut streets, and Barnum's, corner 2nd and Walnut. St. Louis boasts of an unusually number of fine parks, Lafayette, Missouri, Hyde, Northern Forest, Lindell and Tower Grove, being in this particular second to no city in the Union. Two other attractive 27 m 418 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. features arc Shaw's Garden, containing 109 acres, and the Fair Grounds, embracing 85 acres. {Route H,\ ST. LOUIS AND KANSAS CITY. Yia THE CHICAGO, ALTON and ST. LOUIS, T.IISSO'JRI. PACIFIC WABASH, ST. LOUIS and PACIFIC RAILWAYS. iHE tourist having travelled from Chicago over this route for all Southern points, Louisville, Nashville, Memphis, Mobile and New Orleans, &c., may desire to visit Kansas City or Denver. If so, he will find that he can start either from Chicago or St. Louis and travel via the Alton Railway as far as Kansas City, over one of the smoothest roati beds in the country, all laid with steel rails over which pass as finely equipped trains as are run over any railway on this continent. Since the completion of its extension from Mexico, Mo., to Kansas City the Alton has become more popular with the tourist than ever, and proves how valuable a wise railway manage- ment is to the country through which it pa.sses. All along the line may be seen pretty rustic depots at the stations, so quaint aiid lovely. After leaving the first the traveller begins to surmise what the next one will be like. The Alton, ill .onnection with the Kansas Pacific and Atchi- son, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Companies, offers to the tourist a great outlet to all the various parts of Kansas, Colorado and New Mexico, besides presenting to the traveller many other desirable attractions, such as reclining chair cars in which seats are free to all through passengers, its splendid Pullman Palace Sleeping . cars the thoroughness of its entire equipment, with its gentle- manly employees, au this will prove to the traveller what To the Great West, via the C, A. & St. L. R, 419 we have here stated are facts regarding the superior equipment of the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Railway ; this statement ma/ be applied to the whole line, whether travelling to St. Louis or Kansas City. [Routes I. and J.] ST. LOUIS TO KANSAS CITY OR DENVER. |WO other routes are open to the traveller from St. Louis to Denver, Kansas City, or the Missouri Paci- fic, 282 miles, and the St. Louis, Kansas City and Northern, 275, (now called the Wabash, St. Louis, and Pacific Railway). The principal points on the former are Jefiferson City, 125 miles, the capital of- Missouri, and Sedalia, 188 miles, one of its most promising towns. The chief towns on the latter, are the old French Fort of St. Charles, 22 miles, where the Missouri River is crossed on a splendid bridge ; Warrenton, 38 miles, Moberly, 146 miles, and Missouri City, 254 miles. For description of Kansas City, see Route A. No less than a dozen railways terminate here, and the tourist, bound for any point in Kansas, Colorado or New Mexico, or who may be going across the Continent to Salt Lake or San Francisco, has the choice of two dif- ferent through lines to Denver or Cheyenne. [Route K.] KANSAS CITY to DENVER and CHEYENNE Via KANSAS PACIFIC DIVISION OF U. P. R. jHE one which we select to take us West is the Kan- '^ sas Pacific Railway, and is one of the great divisions of the LTnion Pacific Railway, which we will fully de- scribe hereafter in our trip from Omaha West across the i 420 AU-Rouud Route and Panoramic Quide, Continent. This splendidly constructed and modernl>r equipped line is very ably managed and deserves a good share of the travelling public's patronage which it has always received on account of its own achievements as well as for the country through which it passes. It is called the Goldtui Belt Route, and traverses the State of Kansas from East to West, 447 miles to the State of Co- lorado, West to Denver. We have often been asked the question who should go to Colorado ? We answer from ex- perience EVERYBODY, Colorado is for EVERYBODY ; the pleasure seeker ; those who are fond of fishing and hunt- ing ; tho'.e in search of health and rest, certainly should pay Colorado a vipit ; ite recuperating climate, its life-giv- ing atmosphere, w ith beautiful sunshine and magical mi- neral waters, cannot be equalled. Consumption, Asthma, Bronchitis, Dyspepsia, and all Lung affections — to those affected take notice ! — all these may hope for full restoration of health and vigor. The action of the climate is strength building ; therefore, come one, come all, and be healed ! » Tourists who desire to travel by the Great Golden Belt Route will find the Kansas Pacific Railway abun- dantly able to transport them in safety and luxuriously across the great State of Kansas and Colorado to Den- ver, the " Queen City of the Plains." The magnificent drawing-room and sleeping coaches render the journey a pleasant home instead of a wearisome jaunt, and the best information is readily given by all the train em- ployees regarding the " Realm of the West." On our way we speed through many beautiful towns and villages, over the prairies bright with moving grasses and grain ; along the wayside blossoms countless flowers ; over bound- To the Great West, via the K, P. R. 421 less meadows and acres of fertility, runs the great Kansas Pacific Railway which leads to scenes of grandeur, and where Nature manufactures her storm clouds and flashes down upon lakes set like diamonds, ten thousand feet in mid-air. The first important station is Lawrence, 38 miles, being the seat of the State University, and the scene of considerable border strife. The Kaw or Kansas River, is here spanned by a long bridge. Topeka, 66 miles, is the capital of the State, contains about 10,000 inhabit- ants and is remarkable for the number and elegance of its public buildings. Manhattan, 118 miles, is near the Big Blue, one of the tributaries of the Kaw, and con- tains the State Agricultural College. Other points of in- terest are Junction City, 138 miles, Russell, 262 miles. Hays, 288 miles, Ellis, 302 miles, they being points for the shipment of Texas cattle to the East, and Wallace 420 miles, after which the Kansas State Line is crossed. First View 472 miles, derives its name from the fact, that here the first view of the Rocky Mountains is obtained, although Pike's Peak is 167 miles distant. Kit Carson, 487 miles, is the first important station in Colorado. Denver is situated at the confluence of the Cherry Creek, with the south fork of the River Platte, 12 miles from the base of the Rocky Mountain. It lies in the centre of a most picturesque country, and is a noted health-seeking resort. Thousands visit the city every year for health and recreation. Among the chief natural curiosities in the environs is Long's Peak, 40 miles, and 'the far-famed Pike's Peak, 70 miles, a great moun- tain range, 14,300 feet high. Turning south via the Denver and Rio Grand Railroad. 422 AH- Round Route and Panoramic Ouide. we reach Colorado Springs, 76 miles, the heart of splendid secenery. Manitou, five miles from it lies at the very foot of Pike's Peak, and contains six noted springs, highly recommended for their tonic qualities, and visited yearly by hundreds of invalids, chiefly suf- fering from asthma and consumption. The Garden of the Gods, a beautiful miniature valley, is 4 miles from Edward Spring, Monument Park, 8 miles from Edward Spring, is remarkable for its groups of noted sandstone. The climate of Colorado is renowned for its purity and salubrity. The great elevation and consequent rarefaction of the climate, w^ith its thermometric moderation in all seasons, give to that region an especial advantage as a general sanatorium. THE FAMOUS HEALTH AND SUMMER RESORTS OF COLORADO AND THE GREAT WEST. |OR the past few years a share of the Summer Ec- cursionists have turned their faces westward, and the number has increased with each succeeding sea- son, until now thousands annually visit the many at- tractive places on the Pacific Coast and of Eastern Colorado, and New Mexico. It is now generally con- ceded that there is no section in the world, where a sea- son may be more pleasantly and profitably spent than in I our Western States. COLORADO, On account of its grandeur of scenery, its health-giving ' atmosphere, the facilities it affords for tourists pursuing the pleasures of trout fishing, hunting and campmg out,. To the Great West, via the K. P. R. 423 lart of lies at noted alities, \y suf- valley, ng, is The y and 'action in all e as a MER E \x E.i- 1, and ig sea- ly at- astern ' con- a sea- lan in I Tiving rsuing g out, has already become one of the most attractive Summer Resorts in the country. All other mountran ranges in the world sink into insignificance when compared with the grandeur and sublimity of the Rocky Mountain range. Grand throughout its entire length, its grandeur and magnificence culminate in Colorado. The holiday tourist can come hither by four routes from Chicago, either of which offer to the tourist first-class accommoda- tions namely, the Chicago, Rock Island, Pacific, the North-Western or Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Rail- ways to Omaha, and thence by the Union Pacific Rail- road, to Cheyenne, or journey from Chicago, by either of the above lines, including the Chicago, Alton and St. Louis Railway to Kansas City, thence by the Kansas Pacific Branch of the Union Pacific, passing through the centre of Kansas to Denver, or he may take the Atchi- son, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to Pueblo. From any of these points you can roam at will among the grand old " Rockies " — local railroads affording excellent facilities ; and, without fatigue or annoyance, with ladies in your party, you can visit all the interesting portions of wonderful Colorado. One of our best writers gives a pleasant account of the VACATION ASPECTS OF COLORADO. He says : " I met the Manitou stage, one pleasant morn- ing, on its way from the train to the Springs, and had . several minutes' view of a number of travel-worn dusters and expectant faces ; some showing a keen appreciation of the peculiar and subtle delights which impress a lover of nature ; others depicting disappointment, and ap- parently wishing they had not come. We would strongly 424 ^"-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. advise, in the following case,, persons to expend the tin,^ and money needful t.. r«oi ^u • '^■^pena tne time terLf *''' '"' P"^^"' "■• ?■•-?-«- business in- 4. If they are genl,i„e lovers of mountains a sLe e" rS'r '^^ '"^ 'overs; they have can combine two or morl^f th^ " !, " *' ''^^' °"^ ments to go will hT °"'''"°"^' '''^ i"duce- wenttoltfLi/ I P''°P°"'°"^'^'y increased. We Manitou, and doe nl h f "^PP'^'lf- "h-h pleases health risort, as several oh ",'°^" ''^""°" '^ ^ it may bricfi; be said Ihlt v,"" "nT '" ^°'°'-"^°' ''"^ = 11 " . •. '"*'■ "'hile Co orado is no "r,.„ all. yet ,t can irdeed afford blessed relief Ld hfe Tl tomanya forlorn a nr^^ • • " ^catr and lite itselt ±h^ rw despainng sufferer. . " Words " sav. Sy thX'e™^^?;;'"^^ ^-'-. »- t'- eye'L^^ Tbou, usinfa^d emo^r 7T' "°'"^" "^"''"^ - -, i.oiiid ,.avx-, m Western parlance. To the Great West, via the K. P. R. 425 "gone over the range," or "joined the great majority," " Why, they keep me here for an example of the effects of the climate," said a worthy and busy man at Colorado Springs. " I came here from Chicago on a mattrass." And so did many others, and so may many, many more, if they will only heed a few plain words of advice. They should, firstly, on no account think of coming until they have sent to some respectable resident physician a diagnosis of their condition ; secondly, make up their minds that the climate may arrest disease without curing it, and a permanent residence may be indispensable; thirdly, to be prepared for a careful life, largely out-doors ; abandoning once for all, any idea of the working of miracles in their cases, or of the propriety of disregarding the great laws of health in Colorado any more than in New York or Memphis." On another afternoon our train slowly rolled up the Valley of the Arkansas and came to a halt at Canon City. Half a hour later we sat on a platform car away up the Grand Canon, or Royal George ; 3,019 feet above uprose the mighty rock barriers, seamed and furrowed from top to bottom. In certain places trees grew to the very edge of the cnasm, and at intervals immense lateral gorges opened out. As we turned back the moon ap- peared, and her pale light streamed down only far enough into the pathway of the mammoths to emphasize the deep shadows below. Through this great Canon comes, from its • birth-place away in the mountains, the Arkansas. Up to within a few months ago no human being had passed through it except on the ice in winter. The workmen here were actually lowered down from ^bove to drill the holes for blasting. But Leadville is ! 42H All-Roitnd Route and Panoramic Guide. near the valley of the upper river, and this is one of the shortest roads home. The observant vacation tourist will naturally interest. . himself in the growing industries of the new State, aside from those connected with gold and silver mining,, among which may be mentioned stock-raising, collieries, fire-brick works, and at Golden, on Cleai Creek, will be found a miniature Pittsburgh, grist-mills, saw-mills, paper- mills, cheese factories, and other enterprises. Of the people of Colorado, in general, no right-minded vacation spender can fail to form an exalted opinion. Among the " old-timer " may be found men who are, in the truest and fullest sense o^ the word, nature's noblemen, and whose acquaintance is a pleasure and a prpfit. The influx of later years has been, on the whole, of fine material, and the Centennial State has no cause to be otherwise than proud of her citizens. On leaving Pueblo we were still lured on by the fascinations of the country ; ascending the Veta Pass by night, favored by the wondrous sight of a freight train far above our heads, on the track where we were soon to follow it, and thrown into lurid illumination by the sparks from the smoke-stack, and the frequent opening of the furnace door of the panting engine ; ate trout cooked to perfection; saw the stage of the Southern Overland Mail Co., with its splendid Eastern horses (at one point they put twelve on the coach), start for the southwest, and then come again across the Sangre de Christo ; and around the Mule Shoe Curve, I saw, wind- ing along the stage road far, far below, what seemed to be pack mules, and one bit of bright red color lighting up the line. To the Great West, via the K. P, R, 42r When we came on the plain there were, .looming'up- to gladden the heart of the mountain lover, the peaks. CROSSING THK SANGliE DE CHRISTO MOUNTAINS, 9,339 FEKT ABOVE THR LEA'EL OF THE SEA, ON lUR DENVER AND RIO GRANDE RAILWAY. \ i ! I I 428 Ail-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. WAHATOYA. Fusiyama, in Japan, is beyond all question, the finest single mountain known in the world ; the Holy Cross is awe-inspiring ; but for two lofty and splendid hills, side by side, and forming a spur, thrown out into '-vei like these, I know of no match. I sing their pr . ., at all times, and eagerly strain my eyes for them when there is a possibility that they may be seen on the dis- tant horizon. We were a little doubtful about them oncfe on a long drive, but a friend who had been scanning the misty distance, and who knew that as far from New York as this he might paraphrase Pinafore without fear of actual personal vi6l^nce, softly sang : For they are the Spanish Peaks ; For they might have been La Veta, Or peaks of other natur' Of which the guide book speaks ; * Bnt in spite of all temptation To belong to other nations, They remain the Spanish Peaks . A MINING TOWN. ^•We visited the prettiest mining town in all Colorado Rosita. There must have been a vein of sen- timent in the honest miner, who gz^ve it the charming name of Little Rose. When he made his first strike he must have thanked his stars that nature had put the silver in such a picturesque place. Even the operations, carried on for seven years, have not been able to spoil it. We came hither from Canon City, taking the stage on a pleasant morning and driving over the foot hills of the Sierra Mojada, and into and up Oak Creek Canon. From the head of this the summit was easily crossed, and then, when we had scored about thirty To the Great West, via the K. P. R, 429 miles, a beautiful and striking scene met our eyes. In the foreground were dome-like hills, the upper ones bare, and the lower ones, as well as the gulches between them, and showing great numbers of pine trees. On these hill-sides and in these gulches were scattered the houses and other buildings which make up the genuine little Alpine town— so Alpine, indeed, that one might expect to hear at any moment the echo of the Rmiz des Vackes, or the tinkling of the bells. Then comes the valley lying a thousand feet below, and beyond rises, with wonderful and unusual abruptness, and in a solemn majesty which must have impressed the Spaniard when he associated it in name with the sufferings of the Divine Redeemer, the great Sangre de Christo Range. The peaks are sharp and jagged, and some rise to the height of about 14,000 feet. What nature can do here in the way of grand and glorious effects, with light and shade at early morn, at sunset, or when the moon is sending her rays down on the grassy meadows in this peaceful Wet Mountain Valley, cannot be described, nor should the suggestion thereof be publicly named, but whispered to those true worshippers whom she so surely rewards. Happy the honest miner whose prospect hole lies in this charmed region ; and well might some comrade who had toiled in those parts of Nevada where the sage brush surround him and the Po-go-nip (icy winds) chill him to the bone, exclaim, " This — and silver, too." This little town was fou' ded in 1872, and led a quiet existence, with occasional episodes, until about 1878, when one Mr. E. C. Bassick, who had been a gold- seeker in Australia in the old days, " dead broke " and "busted," was prospecting in a vague way, he, aimlessly,,. 430 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. discovered a boulder and chipped off something from its surface which looked to him like good ore, he picked it up and carried it into town. He offered one half-interest for $25, but no takers. Sawed a load of wood for the assay office to pay for having it assayed. He took out some $450,000, and then sold it for $300,000 cash and $1,000,000 in stock. In the side of the round Rosita goes the Bassick. tunnel, and down from the slope above comes the per- pendicular shaft, while near the Junction is a large chamber, timbered with great skill ; at one corner comes a faint glimmer of light from the tunnel ; all else is from the scattered lamps p{ the workmen, whom, before bur eyes become accustomed to the murky darkness, we might mistake for gnomes of the Hartz Mountains, or familiars of the Spanish Inquisition. This mine has puzzled the geologists, but then these gentlemen are in such a chronic state of bewilderment over the new deve- lopments in the State that, in happy local pai lance, " they have to take a back seat." Conceive, if you can, please, a crater in a hill of indefinite and undiscovered size and extent. Conceive, then some mighty power to have taken boulders of different size and shape, pipped them in rich molten ore, largely chloride of silver ore, heaped the crater full of them, melted up a great museum full of all kinds of silver ore, with gold in considerable quan- tities, and copper thrown in, so as to fill every crevice ; heaped on the dirt, and left the whole to cool for inde- finite centuries — and you have this mine. THE HOT SPRINGS OF LOS VEGAS, NEW MEXICO, •on the Southern extension of the Atchison, Topeka and To the Great West, via the K. P. R. 431 Santa Fe Railroad, rise not far from the mouth of a beau- tiful canon— which opens upon the plains four miles above the City of Los Vegas, and from that point winds romantically into the Spanish Range of the Rocky Moun- tarns, which extend 150 miles southward from the Coo- rado line inio New Mexico. These springs are about 250 miles south of Manitou and Colorado Springs. They* are the most southerly resort attainable on that central elevated plateau, which may be considered the great sa- nitarium in this country for lung diseases, and which extends through Colorado and the upper half of New Mexico, along the eastern base of the Rdcky Mountains. ■ CLIMATE. The climate of Colorado is more uniformly fine than that of any other country, as damp, chilly days or hot sultry nights are almost unknown. The invigorating at- mosphere invites especially all invalids to breathe its health-giving properties. Especially in this climate adapted to those afflicted with pulmonary complaints! asthma, etc., Colorado possesses life-giving resources for the consumptive in the incipient stage of the disease, for bronchial affections^ and for the overworked generally. MINERAL SINKINGS. ., Hot, warm and cold mineral springs, sending forth sul- phur, iron, soda, chalybeate, etc., in endless variety of kind and strength, abound in numerous localities throughout the Colorado country, and are charged with health-giv- ing properties conducive to strengthening suffering in- valids and refreshing the robust tourist. The existence of 5uch a variety of mintral «nnnCT'el. Third, the trains stopi at Convenient stations for meals, which will be found good enough for all practical purposes, and many of them are excellent. 444 All-Rouiid Route and Panoramic Guide. X Fourth, at some portions of the long ride there is always dust, and linen or other dusters (wraps) are indispen- sable, while the same stout clothing, needed all the year at San Francisco and other places on the immediate Pacific coast, is often found pleasant at that point of the route which crosses the Rocky Mountains. Fifth, to the intelligent and observing, the ride is by no means mono- tonous, at least on the first crossing-the infinite variety "US'—- - BiuD «.KYE VIEW Oi^ THE PLAINS-AS SEEN FROM THE LOUP FORK RIVER To tfie Far West, via the U. P. R. 445 of scenery making such monotony impossible. The first few hours from Omaha show the prairies in perfec- tion, with an absolute level fertility, though unwooded. The Platte River on the left, and a sea of living green. The second day of the journey changes the prairies to the plains, with less fertility, some bluffs and low river scenery ; while, also, on the second day, the snow-crested Rocky Mountains are seen. The route of travel roughens, and the mountains themselves are crossed ; to these succeed the High Plains of Laramie ; then the Desert, with rocky bluffs ; then the Wahsatch Mountains, generally snow-crowned, and the grand scenery of Echo and Weber Canons ; penetrating through them to Ogden (with its detour of Salt Lake City). Beyond Ogden occurs the first grand scenery on the left of the Wahsatch the Great Salt Lake, &c. ; then succeeds the o 'A !i 458 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. ascending surface to its very pinnacle, and only eight or ten degrees from being perpendicular. At the foot of this the Weber River winds its devious course: Extend- ing from the summit to the base of the bluff is what is <:alled the Devil's Slide, composed of white limestone; iit consists of a smooth white stone floor from base to summit, about fifteen feet wide and as straight and re- gular in its formation as if laid by a stone-mason with a •plummet." For nearly 40 miles the river rushes between two massive mountain walls, which close the landscape on either hand. Just beyond the Devil's Slide we pass • he Thousand Mile Tree," a thrifty pine, which marks the one thousandth mile from Omaha. ONE THOUSAND MILE TKEE, 1,000 MILES WEST PKOMOMAHA OGDEN, UTAH TEBRITORY. |||GDEN, Utah, is a Mormon town of considerable M| prosperity ; the county seat of Weber Co., Utah ^m9 Ter., with a population of 7,000, situated at the con- fluence of Weber and Ogden Rivers, and at the mouth of Ogden Canon, one of the gorges which pierce the I To the Far West, via tfie U, P. R. 459 Wahsatch Range. It has two g^ood hotels, besides the excellent railroad table at the depot, where supper and breakfast are served for the passengers by both Pacific railroads. Here also cars are changed and baggage has to be re^checked. An hour is allowed for all these pur- poses. Here the Ogden River has its exit from a lonely canon in the Wahsatch Mountains, just back of the city, and enters into the Weber River four or five miles below ; Ogden is thus abundantly supplied with water power! which is utilized by flour mills, woollen mills, and other nanufacturing enterprises. Here a novel feature is pre- sented to the traveller. The clear mountain water is led through the street, through a gravelly hollow about two feet, and is used everywhere for irrigating purposes. The fine background of the rugged Wahsatch Range, the umbrageous foliage, and the wide level streets give the tourist a most favorable impression of the place on arrival. In the immediate vicinity of Ogden are to be found some of the finest grain and fruit farms in the territory. Within a radius of five miles from Ogden there are very productive iron mines. The ores are pro- nounced by experienced people to be the finest they have ever seen. This charming locality presents many inducements for the investment of capital in almost any branch of industry. To leave Ogden without driving up the Canon would be one of the greatest possible omis- sions on the part of the traveller ; half a day is all that is required for this purpose and the liveries in the city are first-class and reasonable in their charges. Even the more famous canons offer no finer scenery than is to be met with here. The pure and limpid stream rushes past, bursting into cascades at short intervals, teaming 460 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. over the great boulders and anon nrttling into dark and silent pools, beneath the shadows ol frowning walls ; here the trout actually swarm and the disciples of old " Isaac Walton " may consider themselves in paradise when visiting this famous canon. Two or three miles up the river we come to the warm springs, and z short dis- tance further on is a lovely wooded opening, where there are hot Sulphur Springs of valuable medicinal qualities, . At places the walls of the Canon rise from the river brink almost vertically to a height of 1,500 feet, scarcely leaving room for a roadway at .the foot. This Canon is not sterile, the sides and tops of the mountains being covered with foliage. The winding waggon roads are everywhere beautiful and picturesque. A few miles further on the tourist enters a most beautiful valley ; here the walls of the Canon seem to have retreated, leaving space for several comfortable homes ; indeed, we may say a small village nestles here beneath the towering granite walls. The inhabitants are to be envied the beauty and seclusion of their quiet retreat, and their grand and im- posing avenue of communication with the outer world. Among the other attractions of Ogden may be mention- ed Taylor's Canon and Waterfajl Canon. At this last place a grand sight presents itself, the water rushing over the shelving rock has an uninterrupted fall of 400 feet. Ascending the Wahsatch mountains in rear of Ogden the tourist beholds a most extensive view of thousands of square miles of the surrounding country, with Great Salt Lake in the far distance. But we must not allow the beauties and attractions of Ogden to detain us too long, but rather let us hasten and give the tourist some idea of n*.f..af C-U T „1 — n-i.-- To the Far West, via the U. C. R. 461 \Route a] OGDEN TO SALT LAKE CITY. Via UTAH CENTRAL BRANCH U. P. R. ^ALT Lake City, which is re?ched by the Utah Cen- tral Branch of the Union Pacific Railway. This branch was completed from Ogden to Salt Lake City in 1 870 and was the first local road built in Utah. Like the six railways that have since been built in the terri- tory, it was furnished, equipped and constructed without land grant or assistance from the Government of the United States, Utah's enterprising citizens shouldering the responsibility unassisted. Passing down the Great Salt Lake Valley with the Wahsatch Mount ns (a part of them snow-crowned), rising boldly on the left and forming the eastern rim of the valley, the tourist beholds the Great Salt Lake with encircling mountains and bold islands forming the western boundary. The traveller reaches the bench lands overlooking Great Salt Lake and from this point, until leaving Utah, he is treated to never ending panoramas of the Great American Dead Sea. Salt Lake Valley is very fertile, though needing and receiving constant irrigation on account of deh lent rain, and many Mormon farms and homesteads line its eastern side and nestle under the mountains nearly the whole way from Ogd< i. On this route the train passes through the settlements of Kaysvillc 16 miles ; Farming- ton, 21 miles; Centerville 25, and Wood's Crossing, 27 miles from Odgen, in rapid succession. These villages are the dwelling-places of thrifty Mormon farmers ; the houses are usually buried in foliage and surrounded by orchards and p-rain fields. Continuinp- our iournev for ten miles southward from Wood's Crossing, with the lake 462 Ali-Round kouie and Pafwramk Guide. stretched out before us, we enter the" renoued city of Salt Lake, 1,069 miles from Omaha and 37 miles from Ogden, with an altitude 4,261 feet above the level of the sea, and 43 feet above the Great Salt Lake. This famous city of the Saints is beautifully situated in the . •-'!?*• V* -.»v ,_,-:jJ .^.-.1^ 1-1 " I i 5*^^"^J^«4, ;..,.i ^-^V*^^^:, *^%„ .I' I--. my^.tr'^'^ VIEW OF SALT LAKK CITY LOOKING SOI'THWEST. Valley of the Salt Lake and is well laid out with wide streets, mtersecting each other at right angles ; rows of giant Elm, Mulberry, Locust and other varieties of shade trees border all the streets of the city and suburbs, and are continually refreshed by streams of pure mountain water, which ripple musically along the broad sidewalks To the Far West, via the U. C R. 463 everywhere. It is the universal verdict of travellers that only one or two cities on the continent of like size com- mand such unvarying charms. One might become almost tired of the world and vote every other resort a bore but Salt Lake scenery. Salt Lake atmosphere and Salt Lake life would hold you with their pleasing peculiarities. The general aspect of the city is rural ; passing through it in any direction one is surrounded by blocks upon blocks of cottages, each with its own garden and grounds, its masses of flowers and its graceful clumps of trees and flowering shrubs. This is, indeed, the city of cottage homes, and the number of people who own the houses they live in is greater than in any city in the Union. Mirrored on the clean bosom of the great lake the spurs of the Wahsatch Mountains rise to a great height a few miles to the east of the city, and north of the city the mountain of the .Prophecy — revealed to Mormon leaders, it is said, many years ago — towers grandly above the surrounding heights. The Salt Lakfc hotels greet the stranger with such an hospitable and THE WALKER HOITSE, SALT LAKK CITY. I »'■ l¥ 464 Ail-Round Routs and Panoramic Guide. home-like air that he feels comfortable and at his ease at once. There are several first-class houses and many comfortable places of less pretension, but the Walker House takes the lead in the hotel business here, kept by that well-known veteran hotel proprietor, George S. Erb, formerly of Quincy, 111., then for several years pro- prietor of the Union Depot Hotel at Ogden, but for several years past sole proprietor of the Walker House. This establishment bears the reputation of being the most fashionable and commodious hotel between Omaha and San Francisco, in point of size, elegance and the merits of its cuisine. This hotel is finished and furnished with every regard to comfort and luxury ; it is supplied with a beautiful passenger elevator, has water and gas on all the different floors, and its rooms are large and well ventilated. It is situated on the principal thorough- fare of the city and in the immediate vicinity of the post-office, banks and principal places of interest to • tourists and business men. For us to enumerate the dis- tinguished people who have made the Walker House their home during the past ten years, would be almost like publishing the names of the celebrated persons who have visited the city during that period. The Townsend is another house which is rated as strictly first-class in every respect. Among the most notable buildings in Salt Lake City are, the Tabernacle, an immense oval, round-roofed structure, with the third largest organ in the United States, constructed of native timber and by home workmen. This building seats 1 5,000 people, who can make their exit in five minutes in case of fireor other accident. A beautiful fountain plays constantly in the centre, and the acoustic properties are so perfect that To the Far West, via the U. C. R. 465 i/AKd-tt-f" INTERIOK A'lEW OF MOBMON TABEKNACLE. a whisper can be heard in any part of the house. Here the denominational services of the Mormons are held during the summer, while in the winter season the Old Tabernacle near by, and much smaller, is utilized for the same purpose. The next buildings of note are the Bee Hive and Lion Houses of the late Brigham Young, standing near together, with the Eagle Gate between them; the former building derives its name from the peculiarity of its structure. The City Hall is a hand- some building and a credit to the city, and the theatre is one ot the largest and most commodious in the west, and was formerly noted for the private boxes devoted to the late President Brigham Young's extensive family. The Temple is in course of construction, but will, per- haps, never be completed. It is built of granite from various quarries in the vicinity, and largely by contribu- tions of the faithful in England. The Endowment House stands near the Tacernacle and is surrounded by 30 466 AU-Round Route and Pauoramic Guide. a solid stone wall lo feet high, here all the Mormon marriages take place. Brigham's Block opposite con- tains the Tithing House, where the Mormon people pay their tithes, or one-tenth of their yearly income. The NKW MdltMliN TKMl'LE, .sAI,T LAKK CITY. tourist will observe " Z. C. M. I " on the signs of some of the shops (Zion Co-operative Mercantile Institution)^ showing the Mormon proclivities of the dealers. The principal business street is Main, or " East Temple street." Visits may profitably be paid to Camp Doug- las, the U. S. military station, three miles from the city eastward, established in 1862 by General Conner, and overlooking the city from an elevation of 700 feet. The museum, situated just opposite the Tabernacle is, what it Tiy the l^ar West, via the U. C. R. 467 is represented to be, " Utah at a glance," here the traveller will find mineral specimens from the extensive mines of Utah, which have become famous throughout THK LATK I'RKSIIIKM' UK IIIK MilltMON ( HIMM II, HliltiHAM YUJ'NO. the world ; the products of Mormon industry are worthy of special notice. Near the museum are the former resi- dences of the late Brigham Young, one particularly striking building is " Amelia Palace," the residence of the late Prophet's favorite wife. The tourist will next 468 All- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. visit tlie mammoth Co-Op. Store. This magnificent structure is 300 feet long, 45 feet wide, three stories high and filled to overflowing with goods of every descrip- 1 I ■ iijl 11 P'''l| i llillil^^ '^^t ^mm III l!|!l! iiiliviii h tion, Before leaving Salt Lake we must call the travel- ler's attention to the celebrated Hot Springs and Sulphur Baths, situated inside the city limits, and which may be reached by the street cars. At the foot of a spur of the Wahsatch the lukewarm waters are emitted in great quantities, 10,000 gallons per hour, and are led directly: To the Far West, via the V. C. R. 46^ into three or four large " Bath Houses." Here we find a great pkinge or swiming bath, a ladies' swimming bath, and a smaller institution of the same sort for boys. In addition there are small rooms where ^^the tub and shower bath may be enjoyed privately, and Turkish hot air and Russian baths to suit special cases. The fresh sulphur water continually flows through the bathing rooms and no bath could afford a more delightful feeling of ease, or impart a more healthy glow and animation to the whole system. When one's ablutions are completed,' parlors, waiting rooms • and refreshments are not want- ing, and the grassy lawn, with its noble trees, renders the spot one always to be remembered with pleasure. A mile further north, also right at the base of the mountain are the hot sulphur springs ; water spurts out with great force at a temperature of 200° or more. Eggs thrust into the pool boil in about regulation time, and meat can be cooked through (and seasoned too !) in an incredibly short period. It is with reluctance that we leave Salt Lake City and its environs, so much is there to describe, admire and enjoy, and-we feel sure that the tourist will leave it with regret also ; it is a place to be remembered and revisited again and again. We return now to Ogden by the route formerly de- scribed and prepare for our westward journey over the Central Pacific Railway to San Francisco, 985 miles from Ogden, at wh :h point through passengers change from the Union Fcicili- Railroad to the silver palace cars of this celebrated California route. iij. Ill I I ! 470 All^Roun^ Route and Panoramic Guide. MAP OK THr. CHKT.AL P«,„C n.R. „p OAL,P„„K,A. ' scaTb si^' MILES TO THE INCH, {Route P:\ STATIOIIS ON, THE CENTRAL PACIFIC RAILWAY. i "^ •S ^'' 11 14 ^^5 4 4340 4310 4294 Ogden, Utah Territory. ~~ [Refreshments here.\ »• 10 Bonneville. 25 Corinne. [An important station near the Great Salt 1 alee • nl=„ c tions to Virginia Helena ^n^ " cat salt i.ake , ajso stage connec- Ncvada.] """"^ '"°""'^^'" '-'"'I ""'"'"g towns of 45 Blue Creek. 53 Promontory. ^"^^"^ Promontorv Point. so-caJIed from strar^e rock oromh ^^^^ To the Far Wvst, 7na tkc l\ P. R. 471 The last' tie was iiiatle of (California Laurel, trim tucd with silver, and the la" ^ ..# 4^ ^ 476 All-Round Route and Pauoramie Guide. 624 Trucked. [x,6s6 miles west from Omah-i -nH •. 5^19' Cisco. Population ..lo^ A^hX:„ ''. "'■ T' '''"'" ^*» ^^««- detour from the railway by staged I aL^^^^^ ^°''" "^ and previously described Z!V ^ '"' '^ """^ """'^ward northward. TrucToe h^.." S °""" '"'"'•= ^ •^»»«" distance hood. Not fkr wetwad f;:mT"r "^""^ '" '"" "'='«''''-'- through the snow sirtl cl Jht" k? '"""'^ "^ ""^ S'*"- lying far below to thrri^ht j ^ " "''""' "' '^^'^* ^°'">«'^ li ^ THE GREAT SKOW aA^LEKIES ON THE CKNTiUL PACIKrc RAILWAY ' CROSSING THE SIERRA, NEVADA MTS. 639 Summit. [Fifteen miles from Thickee T rt,^ .«,i r ^x /042^ . from San Francisco. Het:^ f^r^ :/::: ^ • the Central Pacific Railway but f.l f u ^^^'^ P"'"' °" Sierras. Their snowlrp^t Zl'ZT' "' ^"'"'"' °' ''^^^ The scenery here is indescr^.b ly X' From th'" ■ '?"'''"''• continuous descent into th. valley 2d num.r ''T '^''^'' " .heds are passed through. The^^rl't is x T" ""^'^ '"' ''"°"' est range from ,00 tcl fee , ^ '''' ^"' '°"« «"'' *«^ To the Far West, via the C. P. R, 477* 644 Cascade. ^52 Cisco. 660 Emigrant Gap. *6538 5934 5221 [Here and beyond may be said to commence the grand scenery of the descent of the Sierras, which is unexcelled anywhere in the world.] ■666 Blue Canon. ^75 Alta. 4693 3625 [Here a glimpse ia afforded of the Great American,* Canon, one of the ririldest gorges in the Sierras, the walls of which are 2,000 feet in height.] 478 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide, 677 Dutch Fiat. 679 Gold Run. the chasn,. ..500 1 bl. 1"^,?'^^; ^i^^^^ - ^"^ ''oUom of Pacific Railway wes^lrH \ J '"''^"^ '"'"* "^ "^«* Central 3425 3245. To the Far West, via the C. P, R, 479 HOUNDINU OAHR HOKN ON THE 0. P. K. K., As SEEN KHOM THE AMERICAN RIVKR BELOW. 590 COl.FAX. [An important station and the point at which begins the very steep descent of the Sierras. Here connections are made with the Nevada County Narrow Gauge R.R. Population 650. R^rttk- mtntt here.] 3448- 480 Ail-Round Route cuid Panoramic Guide. 701 Clipper Gap. i759 708 Auburn. \ 1985 713 Newcastle. • 920 722 Rocklin. 269 726 Junction. 189 ■ f Connections are here made A'ich the Oregon Division of the Cen- tral Pacific Railway frr Marysville, Chico, Red Bluff and Redding.] 730 Antelope. 154 736 Arcade. 76 744 Sacramento. 56 760 771 792 [1,776 miles west from Omaha and 151 miles east from San Fran- cisco, Sacramento is the capital of California, delightfully situated on the Sacremento River ; has a population of 25,000, and is not far from Sutter's Mill, the scene of the memorable gold discoveries of 1848. The city is well laid out and substantially built. Many of the pilblic edifices are imposing, but thechu f of these is the State Capitol, unsurpassed by any structure of its kind in America. This superb building and its grounds occupy four blocks, the ixowadi as- cends in many terraces, crowned by the grand edifice itself. The ter- races are beautifully laid out in flower bed"' . are alleged to be larger than al^ of thr^H^' '"'"-f '"«'-« reaches over x.300. Eturnin/ o' sUkU tl"' "'"'^ '"'^ ""'"'-^ terest to the tourist on the Centrar P « « ""' P"'"' "^ *"- 801 Lathrop. {Is a thrivine town of th* c,_ r from OmahaLd 94 .Is rastTroi^a^V'^'"^' ''''' '"^'^ -« terminusof thcVisalia Division ofihe CemrTp" "'o ''' "°"''"'" a favorite point of departure for th! V '"*= ^""^^y- ""d *r«./*>i^r^.J ^ * '^^ "•*= Vosemite Valley. Re/re^. 48 809 Banta. 812 Tracy. 827 Byron, z//^ Niles. 840 Antioch.! 859 M^rtinex. 861 Port Costa. 878 San Pablo. 891 Oakland Wharf. 45 45 45 45 [On San Francisco Bay otno^if^ c t- tourist ciosses on one of t^epSarf'^K"""'*"^"' '" ""^'^'^ *e tral Pacific Railway Company and ^Z "T t'l^^^'^ ^y 'he Cen- able journey the great dty of San F ^^ '"* '""« ""^ '"^•"or- 88s San Francisco "'^°'''"^''— J SAIf FRAETCISCO |AN FRANCISCO is one of fh. cities in the world, as well as h Z T" '^^^^ Pacificcoast. It is situaTed on h ^^^^"^^' ^^ ^^^ Bay o. San Francisco, w^e fran^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^rthe through the Golden Gate. Its oldV u ''^'' Yerbu Buena, and it date^ ba L t^sTl "'"^ "^^ wonderfulyearofthegoldru^rtcl L'^-. " ''^'' ^^" ie. :d of its I thick- an area rove is ' mmoth 'e trees lumber oi in- ithrop. i west thern f, and 'reth- 48 45 45 the Sen- ior- 45 45 rkable of the ■ of the Ocean >e was 8, the ihabi-. lation City of San FranHsco. 483 CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO. of 350,000 ; at least 30,000 of these are Chinese. San Francisco is inrtmense in trade and wealth, and has a dashing enterprise unparalleled elsewhere. Market street is the starting point for the numbering of buildings on the streets, running therefrom in a northerly and southerly direction,' and the water front for those in a westerly direction. One hundred numbers are allowed for each block between principal streets : for example, if one wishes to go to 624 Montgomery street he will find it on the east side of the block, extending from Clay street to Washington street, which is the seventh from Market street. Commercial and Merchant streets bekig private streets, again: 825 Clay street is above th;T eighth block from the water front, which is the one ex- tending from Dupont street to Stockton street Montgomery street is the leading thoroughfare, at \ti northern end it extends to the top of a steep hill, from which point a commanding view is had of the bay, the opposite coast and the buiiness quarter of ths city. O.l 484 A II- Round Route and Panoramic Guide. California street the principal banks, and brokers and in- surance offices are located. The view from Telegraphic Hill, 300 feet high, at the northern extremity of the city, IS unsurpassed. It embraces at once the city, stretching along the semi-amphitheatre of hill, and overflowing the depressions towards the Presidio on the west and the Mission on the south, both arms of, and the entrance to the bay, including the Island of Atcatraz, which is forti- fied. Angel Island, over 700 feet in height and Verba Buena (Goat Island), the mountains of Marvin County on the north, with the Peak of Tamalpais, 2,600 feet high, and the Contra Costa Range on the east, with the Monte Diablo rising in the background to the height of 3,700 feet. The siummits of Russian and Rincon Hills, and the Shot Tower,. 200 feet high, on the corner of Shelby and First streets, also afford fine views. Kearney street is also one of the leading retail streets. The Chinese quarter is altogether worthy of a visit. The great sea wall of San Franciscx> is another note- worthy object, extending along the entire water front of the^city, from Chestnut street on the north, to Harrison street on the south, a distance of 8,340 feet, costing $2,- 500,000. The wall is 100 feet wide at the bottom^ the foundation being laid 25 feet below low water mark. The top, which is 65 feet wide, is on the level of the city grade, and is laid with three inch plank, a large portion of which has been preserved by a process which renders it impervious to the effects of the weather. All the streets along the city front have a uniform width of 1 50 feet. San Francisco may boast of the two largest and costliest hotels in the world. The Palace situated at the corner of Market and New Montgomery streets, is City of San Francisco, 485 > > o tt SB O H tt ri «• ft! Si o o o H to > o ao H » o H n o w o 03 w ^^ o o o o nine stories high and measures 3,275 by 350 feet; this magnificent structure is second to no other in extent and perfection. A. D. Sharon, Lessee. Scarcely inferior in size, and quite equal in magnifi- cence is the "Baldwin," at the corner of Market and Powell streets, its details of management embrace the most perfect of modern improvements, and its celebrity n 486 .HI-Rot.,,d Route mJ Pavcamic Guide. inr.'it'n V"^ vvell-meritcd. The Occidental Hotel n t.^H ^°"" ,°" M-'eomcy street, are cen- trally lo a ted and excellently kept, the former making a ^***™— "■" "' ■ in ■ -''>'~™''«iKj.^Tuyii.M|i,|:|'K||ggg_m||^H I specialty of affording good rooms and choice California fare at rates somewhat below the first-class average on the coast; ,t ,s one of the laigest and most commodious tal Hotel are cen- making a City of San Francisco. 487 y o o o o" o O u o o !« •< e: Pm >5 << so J' u t-t O K n H s ifornia ige on odious hotels In San Francisco, and as a coiisequence exceed- ingly popular, not only with the world of transient travel, but as a place of more extended sojourn. The principal sights and leading places of curiosity or amuse- ment in and around the city are, the United States Mint, Merchants' Exchange, Chinese Theatre, Joss houses, Marine Hospitals, and Mercantile Library. The fas- hionable drives, of which there are many, are to Golden Gate Park, Lorte Mountain Cemetery, Cliff House and •Seal Rocks. The Mission Dolores, the old mission of San Francisco, built In 1778, is reached by street cars from Markei: street. Another import; nt place which no tourist should fail to visit is Woodward's Garden, con- taining a museum, etc., a fine collection in natural history and a hall for public amusements. San Francisco has ex- tensive railway and steamship connections, among which are the Central Pacific, North Pacific Coast, San Francisco and North Pacific, South Pacific Coast, Southern Pacific, which occupy seperate depots connections by river steam- est o Sacramento, by sea steamers on the Pacific to Mon- terey, St. Louis, Santa Barbara, Acapulco,and other towns on the Pacific southward, with connections at Panama with the Panama Railway across the Isthmus, and steamers on the Atlantic from Aspinwall to New York, also by steamers north to Portland and other towns of Oregon ; also by sea steamer to the Sandwich Islands, with con- nections thence to Australia, and by Pacific Mail steamers to Japan and China, with connections to British India, the peninsular, and oriental steamers via overland route to Egypt, all points on the Mediteranean and Europe. The chief attraction on the Pacific Coast is the Yosemite Valley. This glorious collection of natural wonders is m J' i 488 All-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. • reached by the following routes : ist. By the Visalia Di- vision of the Central Pacific Railway, whether proceeding eastvard or westward, the Central Pacific Railway is left at Lathrop, cars being changed from Merced, 151 mfles from San Francisco. From Merced are stagr.- routes the "Coulterville" and the "Maraposa" route; the dij tance is the same by either routes (90 miles), and the time required to make the journey is two days. Our advice to the tourist IS to go one way and return the other The advantage of the first route ij the especial beauty of the ^cenerj' along the route, as much of it lies along the dividing ridge between the Tuolumne and Merced Rivers, giving fine views of the Sierra Nevada and the coast range, t,he San Joaquin Valley etc. The second route IS the <' Maraposa." This route, the southernmost of the two, is identical with the " Coulterville " previously ' described, in departure and detail, as far as Merced by raiUhence by stage to " Snelling's," ''Hornitus," "Bear Valley, "White and Hatch's," and ^' Clark and Moor. " thence into the valley of the Yosemite by saddle, some 30 miles. The distance on horse-back being greater than by any of the other routes, but with the advantages claimed of bringing both the Maraposa, Big Trees, and the stupendous views from Inspiration Point into more convenient access. The area of Maraposa Grove it two miles square, and it contains 427 of the monster trees, varying from 20 to 34 feet, in diameter, and from 275 to 32s feet in height ; many of these trees are estimated to be from 1,500 to 2,500 years old. The third route, is from Stockton on the Central Pacific Railway via the Stockton and Copperopolis to Milton, 1 3 3 miles from San Francisco, thence by stage 147 m.les •Je. • isalia Di- •oceeding ay is lieft 51 mHes -.' routes, the dib" the time id vice to ;r. The y of the ong the Merced and the second imost of iviously reed by ' " Bear VIoors," 2, some greater intages es, and ) more it two ■ trees, 27s to ited to Pacific n» 133 les. City of San Francisee. 489 SAN FRANCISCO TO YOSEMITE VALLEY. The Yosemite Valley is seven miles in length, and varies in width, being, a mile and a half at its widest point. The three well-known features which renders this valley different from all other valleys, in any part of the world are, ist. The near approach to verticality of its walls; 2nd, Their great height, not only actually, but as compared with the width of the valley; 3rd. The small quantity of talus or debris found at the base of the cliff. The most striking features in descending the valley by the Maraposa road are El Capitan a gigantic isolated rock. The "Three Brothers," also rocks, and the " Bridal Veil Fall," 940 feet high ; which is very beauti- ful in the season of abundant waters. Nearly opposite the "Three Brothers," the grand obelisk of the Sentinel Rock rises to view ; but the glory of the valley the Yosemite Falls, with a total height of 2,600 feet broken into a series of cascades, the first leap .is 1,600 feet, the second 434, and the third- 600. The roar of these falls produces an impression of awe, and altogether there is no sublimer sight of its kind to be seen anywhere. Under the magical influence of moonlight, the effect of mingled grandeur and beauty is simply indescribable. Two miles beyond, the valley forks into three narrow, but distinctly traced Canons. The Mert-d River holds the centre, the Tenaya Fork occupies the left hand, and the South Fork, the right hand. Near this junction are Washington Column, the Royal Arches, North Dome and Half Dome. The last named is a granite crest, 4,740 feet above the valley. Mirror Lake and Claud's Rest with their stupendous, but frightful view of the whole valley. To close vijc xijt VI as.tia;.nv7no iu luc uppcT part oi tflc mam vailey, Ill I nil i:l>l ! 490 All-Rotitid Route and Panoramic Guide, E- U fa CO -H .fa 'fa O H 33 NH ;S fa cc o 31 < fa H » o in the Merced Canon are the Vernal and Nevada Falls, as well as the " Cap cf Liberty " a stupendous mass of rock. In the South Fork or Illilonitte Canon there is a fine fall of 6oo feet, rarely visited on account of the rugged nature of the ground. ie. From Sacramento to Oregon. 491 Ed CO h9 -«! '(« O Hi h] < > O h3 < Eh H4 05 o ida Falls, 5 mass of there is a It of the [Route Q.] FROM SACRAMENTO TO OREGON. Via OREGON DIYI3I0K OF C. P. R. TO THE NORTH-WES:: ^^|r|^HERE is a deUghtful trip from San Francisco to Pi ^°^^^^"^' Oregon, and Victoria, B.C., which is well ^^ worthy the attention of the tourist, in search of health and recreation, and for those who wish to pass into British Columbia. Making our way back to Sacramento we leave that city by the' Oregon Division of the Central Pacific Railway, which diverges, and extends to Red ding, 170 miles. There stages are taken to Roseburg, a distance of 275 miles throygh most magnificent scenery, Some 70 miles out is seen the celebrated Mount Shasta a broad triple mountain, the central summit, 14,442 feet high, being flanked on the West by a perfect crater, whose rim is 12,000 feet high. As a whole Mount Shasta is the cone of an extinct volcano, which rises 11,000 feet from its base at one sweep. Strawberry Valley is the place to start from when making a trip to the mountain. The neighborhood abounds in wild game, and an hotel (Sissons'), affords tourists all needed accommodation. Three days are required to make the ascent of Mount Shasta, comfortably. At Roseburg a junction is made with the trains of the Oregon and Cali- fornia Railroad, 200 miles long, which runs through Salem, the capital of the State of Oregon, and finally to Portland, the chief city of Oregon. From this point by rail, river or stage, all points of interest in Oregon, Washington Territory, and British Columbia may be reached. The, scenery of the Columbia River is famous, •uplJs-- 492 Att-Round Route and Panoramic Guide. t "'",g;-^«t ■""""tain peaks of the Cascade Range Morems Hood, Jefferson, Ranve., Baker and St. Hejena may be seen from the river in clear weather. Travellers m Oregon and Washington Territory, bound for Briti.* Columbia, take steamer at Tacoma en Puget Sound, the northern terminus of the Pacific Divisfon of the Northern Pacfic Railway for Victoria and northern parts. There is also direct steam communication between VICTORIA, B. C. f ^?r fr-^; ^\".~"^^'- I^'="d, the principal- to>vn of J bntish Columbia, is a town of importance, especiallv .- as the chief Pacific outlet of the Dominion rf Canlda th . '.' '^ '""*"" extremity of the island, which U three hundred miles long and sixty broad, opposite the tr,-weekb. between Victoria and New Westminster, B C from New Westminster ascend the Fraser River twice a week to Fort Yale, loo miles from its mouth. Stages connect with the steamers at Fort Yale, for Cariboo Mines, Kamloops and O'Kanagan. Stages run daily to Pacmc Ra"^' T r' "™"""' °f ""^ «-' Canada Britil r "T- ' '''" '""''*= °f ""^ '"'"ber trade of Br^ish Columbia. Steamers also run between Victoria in mat lr^-„ '""^ conducted the tourist so far m making the all-round route journev acrn,, tH» -«. Victoria, B. C, 493 tinent we will now step aboard one of these palatial steamers, and bid him a temporary farewell, hoping to renew the acquaintance in traversing a larger and more extended route next year. ADIEU • ^ I' IN DEX TO CITIES, TOWNS AND PLACES OF INTEREST. Albany, N.Y.,57 Albion, Mich., in Albargh Springs, Vt, 285 Alexandria Bay, N.Y., i38 Alpena, Mich., 118 Alta, Cal, 477 Alton, III , 416 * Ann Arbor, Mich., liO Anglosea, N.J. ,322 Ashbury Park, N ,r , 823 Atlantic City. N.J., 32 "-i Atlantic, la., 37l Ausable Chasm, N Y.. 299-301 Aurora, III., 4ll Astalan, Wis., g92 Ball Head Cliff, .Me., 263 Barnegat Inlet, N.J., 822 Barry town, N.Y., 22 Batiscan, Que , 198 Battle Creek, Mich., 111 Battle Mountain, Nov.. 474 Beach Haven, N J., 322 Beauharnois, Que., 147 Beloeil Mountain, Que. Bellow? Falls, Vt., 290 Belleville, Ont , 1.j2 Black Hawk, Col., 439 Bloomington, III. 416 Blue Mouuds, Wis., 392 Boston, Mass., 'i(J7-8(» BoterbergMountjiin.N Y.. 17-20 Boulder, Col., 440 Brandon, Vt., 291 Breakneck, M.Y., 17-20 Brockville, Ont., i38 Bryan, Wy.,45I Brock's Monument, Ont., Bunker's Hill, Boston, Mass., 278 Burlington, V^t., 49-51 'a , ^ . PAOK '^'""FalWi"^^ ^•"«-'' ButtermilkFalls, N.Y,16 Caldwell's Landing, N. Y., Caledonia Springs, Ont., 164-« Canon City, Col., 425 Cape Eternity, Que. , 223 Cape May. IS .J,, 318 v>ut*eiaay, XM.j., 31 Cape Irinity, Que., 222- Castle Kock, VVy.,452 Calskill Mountains, N.Y., Catskill Falls, N. Y., 23-5 Cedar Kapids, 111., Sm Cheyenne, Wy., 488-49 Chaudi6re Falls, Ont., 166 v^iiauaiere Fails, Ont., 1( Church Buttes, Wy., 461 Chicago, III., 330-66 Clayton, N.Y., 138 ^''>',«f Creek Canon, Col., Cobourg, Ont, i82 Colorado, Climate of, 43 1 Colorado Springs, Col., 433, 437 ' ' Colfax, Cal., 479 * Columbus, JVeb., 446 Concord, N.H.,262 Coney I-land, JV.Y., 3l2- 3l4 Convent of Mount St Vincent, N.Y., 10 Cornwall, N.Y., 18 Council Biutfs, la., 382-3, 415 Coxsackie, N.Y, 27 Creston, la., 415, 460 CrotonLake, N.Y., 13 Crownest, N.Y., 18 Crum Elbow, N. Y ., ?2 Dalles, St. Croix River. Wis., 393, 398 Davenport, la., 368-9 Dearboju, Mich., luy | Denison, III., 386 Denver, Col.. 4il Des Moin^-s, la., £70 Detroit, Mipli., 108-9 ^N y" 20 ^"""•'''""no''' Devil's'Gate, Utah, 453 f!e*;*";« «l»d«>, Utah, 468 Dobb'sl-erry.ft.Y , 10 Ounda»i, Out., 105 Dunderberg Mt., N.Y , 14 Echo Canon, Utah, 454-6 Echo City, Utah, 456 Echo Lake, N.H., 244 Elkhart Lake, Wis., 303 Elko, Nev ,472 Emerald I'ool, N.H., 231 Emigrant Gap, Cal., 4i7 Englewood, 111., 363 Estes Park, Col., 441 Evanston, Utah, 452 IiirstvlHW, Neb., 421 Fishkill Landing;, N.y , Flume the, N.H., 247 *ortChnton, N.Y., 14 Fort Edward Station, * oi-t oeorge. Lake George, Fort Leavenworth, Kan- sas, 381 Fort Lee, N.Y, 5 Fort Montgomery, N.Y,, Fort Niagara, N.Y., 123 ton Washington, N.Y , 8 Francouia Notch, N.ti . 248-4 ' Freernont, Neb., 446 Eulton, 111., 386 Galwaurg, lil , 412 Garden oi the Gods, Col., IWDEJC. 495 7AOB Georgetown, Col., 440 Gleds Falls, N.Y., 46 Olon £lli8 Falls, N.H., 282 Golden. Col.. 438 Goldrun, Cal., 478 Grand Haven, Mich., 113- 14 Grand Rapidfi, Mich., 114- IS Grand Island, Neb., 447 Grand Traverse Ucgion, Midi . 116-17 Giay's Peak, ''ol., 440 Gr.ienport, L.I., 317 Green Bay, Wis., 394 (Jreen River, VVy., 451 Grosse IhIo, Que., 217 Ha! HalBay. Que., 221 Uackensack Kiver, N.J., 9 Hamilton, Ont., 104-5 Hampton Beach, Con., 284 Havana Glen, N.Y., 66-3 Highlands, N. v., 14 HiUsdalP, Nev., 419 Uobolien, N Jm 7 Hot HprinKS, Utah, 440 Humboldt, Nev , 474 Idal-.o Springs. Col., 489 lona Island, N.Y, 14 Iowa CUy, la.. 370 Irvlngton, N.Y., ll Island of Orleans, Que., 216 Isle of Shoals. N.H., 261-1 Jackson, Mich., 110 Jay's Peak, 293 Jenerson City, Mo., 4l9 Jollet, III., 363 Julesburg, Wy., 448 Junction, 111., 885 Kalamazoo, Mich., Ill Kansas City, Kan.. 373-5 Kauterkill Falls, K.V., 23 Kearney Junction, Neb., 447 Kelton. Neb., 4755 Kennebuul(, Me., 263 Kenosha, Wis., dSS Kingston, Unt., 132 Kingston's Landing, N.Y., 22 Kit Carson, Kan., 42l Lachine Rapids, Quo., 148 Lake Elmo, Wis.. 397 Lake Geuevu, Wis., 394 Lake George, N. Y., 46-9 Li>''~'; Minuotonka, Minn., 89iJ-4J4 Lake Memphremagog, Que., 29 i e;i veil worth. Kan., 378-9 Lewiston, N.Y.. 12'J Locust Grove, N.IC, 2l Long's Peak, Col., 441 Longbranch, N.J., 309-11 London, Ont., 1 6 LongSault iCapids, Oit., 141-3 Longmount, Col., 441 Los Veg\n Sprini's, N. Mox , 431 * Luna Island, Ont., 100 Lynn, Mats., 26 > Mackinaw Island, 111., 117 -18 Macphcrson, Wy., 447 Malletfs Bay, Vt., 60 Manhattan, Kan., 421 Manitou, Km., 422 Manitou Springs, Col.. 433 Marlborougli, Mass., ilO Marshall, Mich., Ill Massena Springs, N.Y. , 141 Meadota, III., 411 Michigan Ciiy, Mich., 112 Milton Landing, N.H., 20 Missisquoi Park, yt., 281- 5 Milwaukee, Wis., 388 Mtunpapotis, Minn , 402^ do Lakes, 4U4 Minnehaha Falls: Mlnu., 396 Molme, III., 366 Montreal, Que., 167-93 Montpelier, Vt., 285 Montmorenui Falls, Que., 2132-16 Monument Park, Col , 431 Mount Elepl'.antis, Que., 295 Mountains of Colorado, 4:jd Morrison, 111., 885 Mount Orford, Que., 294 Mount Lebanon, N.H., 26 Mount Mansfleld, Vt., 287- 290 Mount Washington, N.ll., 229 Mount Lafayette, N.H., 246 Mount Pleasant, Me., 260 Mount Shasta, Oregon, 491 Murray Bay, Que., 2l7 JSewburg Bav, JS.Y., 17 Newburg, N.Y., l8 Newburyport, Mas'., 265 M^iir t^iiHiii.} Micit.. il2 New Hainbiirrf, N." Y.720 New Windsor, N.Y., 18 FAOK New York, 324-326 Niagara, Ont., l22 Niagara Kails, 7U-108 Nile^, Mich., 112 North Conway, Me., 268 North Plat •>, Neb, 418 Oakland Wliarl, Cdl., 482 Ocean Beacn, N..I., 3i3 Ocean Grove, N..J., 323 Ogd-jn, Utah, 458-9 Ogaensbur/. N.Y., 139 Old Orchard Beach, Me., •262 Omaha, Neb., 441-2 Ottawa, Oat., l6:i-7 Otiuniwa, la , 411 Oversliugh, N.Y., 27 Owl's Hev., 476 Tuckerman's Ravine.N.H. 283. Vassar College, N.Y., 21 Virplank's Point, 14 Veta Pass, Col., 426 Victoria bridge, Que.,189- 191 „ pAoa Victoria, B.C., 492 Wadsworth, Nev., 474 Wahataya, N. Mox., 428 Wahsatch Mfns. Utah, 468 Wati'rbury, Vt.,285 Watervleit Arsenal, N.Y., 28 Watkins' Glen, N.Y.,68-6 Weehawken, N.Y., 7 Weber Canon, Utah, 466-7 Wells, Nev., 472 West Point, N.Y., 15-17 Wh:rlpool Rapids.Nlagara Fall^, 86-7, 90 ' White Mountains, N.H., 2a8-50 White River Junction, Vt., 290 White Bear Lake, Minn., 899 Windmill Point, Ont., l40 Winnipeg, Man., 407 Winnemucca, Nev., 474 Winooski Kiver, Me., 50 York Beach, Me., 268 Yosemite Valley, Cal., 489 Do Routes to, 488 Ypsilante, Mich., liO ADYXftXI81Jfl!!l1!9. GUNARD LINE. 1840. La ne Rou te, — BRTWSBN — Liierpool, BostoB and Nei York, (CALLING AT GORK HARBOUR.) TWO 8AILINCI» BVBllY WBBK. MALTA tESI^f ^' ^i^2f^' lliR^HON ItESl' ygSg'^' 5£il%4L» SyTsK^.' aOtMlA, TBI«IDAD, ATL«8. BATAtrJA, KEDAB) FALMirRA, From NEW YORK every Wednesday. ^^^^ BOSTON every Saturday. J^aies of Pa99mg9, SSO ^^d $lOO, ACCORDING TO ACCOMMODATION. EETUEN TICKETS ON PAVOBABLE TEEMS. Steexage Pamengen booked to and from til parts of Europe at very Low Ratea. BtTROPBAN A9BNCIB8. ntn vlir^v^ '^.l" LSater 8t«»t, Liverpool. A, G. s. Mcculloch .'..'.*....'.■.;".;'■*.■.■.*.'.*. .7 BriK AMBRICAN AOBNCIEa. WlLUAMCUJfAKD.. H»llfiix Nova SooHa FORBES -fc LOWNSBKOUCH ■ l^^y^ .J^l^ JAMBS '.OGAN SSBChesnutsVreeTpblUd^ta HEJEY LEWIS, T.^'^.^^^^^^^.^^:S^Xl A. L.8TUAK'r -. 79 Carwdetet Street, New Orteana! <1HARLKS 6. FliANOKI.TIf, 4 BowUas Oreeo, N«w ToiiK, 4^8 AioyiRTIglMKNTS. BSTABUSBUD U.O. ^^ ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS. CITY Of BER .IN, 6,«Pr I'oni <;ITY OK CaBSTKh,T603 Tmi, '■''"' *"' TraUMHc Line to adopt Ll«Bt laSSuine Routes thereby especial comfort to pttSers-rte^ * minlmnm, »Ivinr espeplally well lighted and vintlirtod anr^kS „ir^l"^"\'^^"'''''"'''>' f"™i«»«ed, ainld«hlDB. The principal etate-rwiM aVe Smldihl^V''® '!^'**'/.:^'<***' «' ^^e ship least noise and motion fa felt-Tnd «n thL „-k. "'P®' **>i^Wfd of the engines, where replete vrith eve,; comfS' Si Si thJ^^^^^^ eleotrio bells. &o 'xhe ctti*me h.s Slwavrhi« ^* improTements, double bertha, cabins and Uth.roomsrKentlenien'rsmoW f JTk'"!*^ °^ *''" '^'"e- ^^i^"' pfanoa, libraries, Stc, prorided ^"O'""* «»« bath rooms, barbers' shops, r- ^, RATES OF^ASSACE^ First Cabm, payable in Gold-To Queenstown 6- Livei^ool, $8o&^$,oo T, - ,. STEERAGE: ' To or from Liverpool, Queenstown. Glasgow. Belfast, Cardiff. Lomionderrv- London or Bristol, at Reduced Rates '^lonaerrj. For Passage or Further F.C Brown, 3J8outh Clark Street.... Chitawo. Ill L. H Palmer, 301d Stal« House Bo"t^M„, inllihls. Pa, " "^°^?eit'ir *' ''°"'*''' '"^ Srolthfleld, Henry J^^wls, J5 Superior Street. . . . CleTelaJid. O Bepler ft Co Thrd «ri M*to Str«et«. .Clactowd.O ^uf». Mo ' ^^ ""* ^'°* St^B^B, ¥. Win gTHRya, 49 Fourth Street XrfSuiiVffle, Ky. Information, apply to GeoTRoMcCiJfriT, 28 8t.P«ulStwet,Bliltlinorf Ma "^CW^n" L* ^"'^ Corondalet Street Now treaf ^e *'^°-3*< St.Paol sWet Jtol- '^iKlnLtlS?;^*""*' *=«*»« C«-' Co.. JOHU G. DALE, igent, SB Sc 33 Urnnrl.iMin.Ti. TV/z^t/, w»^7.. I- r V iv .X t/.- i\,i AI>¥aA!BI«Ba|9i|4M|, 4^ ion Canal Co., ieatns^ip £0., 8pl«B4IM 0l«anien l«ftTe S«B Frttaetse^ ft»r following SOUTHERN COAST PORTS BVKRT TWO DAYSt Santa €rBp, taatm IWoniea, nianterey, fan p^^o^ ^a I.al« O'Blspo Lf • A«»«l«p, Pa»« 4l« Bo^ala (Hot 8»rSaie»), taa V^ma^lao, •aata Barbara, Aaakolai. Saa BDeaaveot«ra, flan IMeco, And aU Poiatt io 80UTHEBN CAMFOBNIA, AKIZO^A, Ae. STBAMIBBS ON NORTHERN COAST ROUTE Leave Semi.'Weeldy for followiaff PorU: Polat Arena*. HnmboMc, Taeoma^ Hlendoelno Cltf, Port Townaend, Tletorla, Eureka, €al., Seattle, BHtlah Co-amMa, PORTLANO, OflieON. And «U iK^iito in OlffiQON afid WASGLINGfON TBHI^TOBT. The Stearaen of this line are FIRS r-OL ASS IN EVBRT BESPEGT. aail dbimj- *"mJf » 1*"*^ P«Menger8 can rely on courteous treatment *^ This Is the cheapest atad most comfortable route to above-named points. No dis- agreeable staging over dusty roads, magnilioent views of tha Oolden Gate and CoMt taf^keta pfir<*a$ea via tkia lint tnelude metOs and steeping accommadatioM im Steamer. ' Freight Coantcnef to thia Compmny will be PIiOIIFTl.V'F0A- ITARDKD and CHARU£8 COLI^KOTKB ON DBLITfiKT. N.B.— mark tioede eare Paclfte Coaet Steamaktjp^'*** Goodall, Perkins A Co., D. B, JAOKSOM, Agent8,'SQ. 10 Market St., Son Franeiaeo, CW. Qm'l Paat'r and Ticket A§t., Ha. fllA If aatt Mwmwf * lit,. Wmi TwMiAi««Mi f!«tj. f' i. r 600 ADVIBTISKMINTS. OWNING AND OPERATING Oregon Steamship Co., Di^EcoN Steam Navigation Co., Walla Walla fr Columbia RivEf, -^.R, Oregon S' Co. The only direct Mail Line from San Francisco to Portland, Oregon, Canning WELLS, FABOO ft CO.'S EzprMS. Begolitr Steamships from Fortland ^an Francisco and return every Five Days uutil farther notice. ^GEORGE W. ELDER/ 'OREGin C''LUMBR.'( .^^^.) Connecting at Fortiand, Oregon, w th 8 ^.u kaiiroadsand their Con- necting Stage Lines /or all points in Oregon, Washington & Idaho Territories, British Golnmbia ft Alaska. This lino h is the exclusive right of Selling Through Tickets at reduced rates* over connecting lines of Oregon Railway and NavigatioD Co. Close connections made at Portiand with Oregon and Oaliforaia B.S., Ore^^oQ Central BR.f and Oregon Steam Navigation Co. 's Steamers for ait points on Ool« lui.oia and Snalce Rivers, and ia Eastern Oregon and Washington Territory. Con- iaou at Fortiand with Steamships for British Columbia, Sitka and Alaska. m. TJkH OTSmiKZf 190RF, Gen. Supt. ADTZBTISlinRT*. BOl OREGON I^TtikU NATIOATIOH 09. H. VILLARD, President. I GEO. J AINSWORTH, Q«n. Sopt. J. N. DALPH, Vice Prciident FRANK T. DUDOE, Aaat. •« TflBO. WYGANT, Treasnwr. | GEO. H. ANDBEW8, SecreUtj. GEO. S. BROOKE, Gen. Passenger Agent. General OfVloes— Portland. Oregon. THIS COMPANY NAVIGATES THE COLUMBIA RIVER FROM ASTORIA TO LEWISTON, I J, A distance of 611 miles, and the WILLAURETTE From PORTLANDto EUGENE CITY, 172 miles. Also, operates TWO NABItOW 0AUOE PORTAGE BAILWAY8, 20 miles, and the WALLA WALLA & COLUMBIA RIVER R. W. Fortj-fire miles. PASSENGER SCHEDULE. PASSENOEBS LEAVE PORTLAND FOR DALLES DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY, AT S.OO A.M. FOR UMATILLA, WALLULA AND WALLA WALLA' Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays. For Kalama, T^iooma, and Seattle, daily, except Snndaya, at 6.00 a.m. For Viotoria, Wednesdays and Satardays, at 6.00 a.m. 60i f * i i' AI>V?.RTKBM«NT8. OREGO/\/ STEAM NA VIGA TION GO , PORVLANE!>. Connecting with Worthara Pacifip Railroad at Kalama. JJith Walla Walla and Co- lumbia River Railroad at Wallula. PASSENGER SCHEDULE. 1880 "^'^r&VS ^""^-'^ ^- D..„_Dan. (except Su'nda,) at 5 ^^Frid^J'tsI^r^^' *"^ ^-- W.u.-Moaday, Wedaosda, and xiesday and' FryJay a^'e A M ^''^''' ""^ Brookfi.ld -Monday, Wed- For W.s.POHr, Ou,.ok ani K..PP.^Taesda.. Thu^day and Saturday at GEO. 1. AlIfSwoHTH, Gen. Superintendent, iickets to all points reached by 8 N rin o*.-^ Oregon Steamship o'o. Lt L'LX"" """ "*' ^''^ WALLA WALLA AND OOLgMBTA RIVER RAILROAD. L?ne"S^,gna^^f;^^„*tf«°^o^^ O. S. N. Co. This good oul, via LineBkKrRV.°xr^.rA%?X\io?r^^^^ '''°'^'"« Through Ticket, at aU Principal Railroad Station.. H. VILLARD, PreMdent Oregon fiailway and NavijgaUpn Company/ A. L. STOKES, ADVKRWSllraNTB. 503 POiTLANO 8TCAM PACKET 60. P«lly I«ln« or fir*t-cla«» St««mers l»«tw«en Boston & Portland ONB &P THB STBAMERS "John Brooks," "Falnfiouth," "Forest Cilv/* WILL LEATl INDIA WHABF, B0STON, Kverjr Evenlnie (Sundays excepted) at 5 o'clock, Connecting, on arrival, with Maine Ceniral, Knox i Lincoln, Portland & Oirdens- buig, (jirand Trunx. and Portland & Roohestt r Uailroada, and with Bangor & MaoLian Steamers for points on Coast of Maine. THIS LINE AFFOBOS A MOST DESIBABLE BOUTE TO Lewlston. Old Orchard Beach, Poland Spring, Bangeley Lakes, Ml. Deacrf, Bethel, Chrh%in, N.U., ^orth Canto iff, Crawford's, Fabyann, ^e. Finest Ocean Trip ou BaRtern Coaat, and bt>at route to Wlilte laouutalna, and lulaud and Setteide ReMortaofillainet THROUGH TICKETS AT LOW RATES. Leave Portland for Boston every eveninjt (Sundays excepted) at 7 o'clock, con necting , on arrival, with the earliest trains on all diverging lines. J. B. coYiLE, J. B. coiriii:, Jr., J. F. Liscoms, Treaa. !f Manager. Gen. Agent. Gm. Tkt. Agt. . WltlLIAIWWBBKS, Aeent, Boa: on. lAINE STEAMSHIP COMPANY BETWEEN POBTIiAF P AlP IIW ¥«BE. 0. M. BAILEY, President. HEXRY FOX, General Agent and Treasurer, J. P. AMES, Agent, Portland, ATb. Pibr 38, Bast River, New York, THE PINE 8TEAMEES 9i± FrancQRia & Cbesapeake Will, until fiirther notice, leave Fuanklif's Whabf, PORTLAND, and Pier 38 East Rivbr, NEW YORif, every Monday and Thursday Afternoon. The " Elkanoba," " Franoonia" and " Chksa i>bakb " are fitted up with fine accommodations for Passengors— making this the most convenient and comfortable route lor Travellers between Now York and Maine. Fare, Indudluff State Room, $3.00; nteala Bxtra. Goods forwarded to and from Montreal, Quebec, Halifax, St. John, and all parts of Maine. Shippers are requested to send their Freight to the Steamers as early as Thrte P. M., on tlie days they l«»ave Portland. A portion of the ye^tr the Stesmers will touch st Vi(>ov%r(i Hsve^ (Hnlmna Holei on their passage to atid from New Yoric, Il/l r :i ' ll 1 504 ADVEaTISEHENTS. |ieI(sU8ii asi Intari o |ivlgitioit (anpaoy lilm@ @it it€)@.m(^fi, BETWEEN MONTEEIL and THREE RIT&Rg AND MONTREAL AND GOENWALL. The Bessemer Steel Steamer "TROIS RIVIERES" leaves MONTREAL every Tuesday and Friday, at 2 P.M., for THREE RIVERS, calling at . Sorel, Maakinonge, Rivifere-du-Loup, Yamachiche and Port St. Francis, for Nicolet. The Bessemer Steel Steamer " BERTHIER" leaves MONTREAL for BER- . THIER every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, at 2 P.M., call- ing at Repentigny, St. Sulpice, Lav^altrie and Lanoraie. The Bessemer Steel Steamer "OHAMBLY" leaves MONTREAL for CHAMBLY every Tuesday and Friday, at 2 P.M., calling at Verchferes, Oontrecoeur, Sorel, St. Ours, St. Denis, St. Charles, St. Maro St. Mathias, Beloeil and St. Hilaire. The Iron Steamer "TERREBONNE" leaves MONTREAL for TERRE- BONNE and L'ASSOMPTION every Day at three o'clock, calling at Boucherville, Varennes, Boutde I'lgle, Lachonaie and St. Paul I'Ermite. The Steamer •' BOHEMIAN" leaves MONTREAL for Cornwall every Tuesday and friday at 12 30 P M., and Lachine at 5 30 P. M., calling at Beauharnois, St. Timothee, Valleyfield, Coteau Landing, Port Lewis, St. Anicet, Lancaster, Summerstown and St. Regis. For farther information, apply at the Offices : 228 St. Paul St., 133 St. James St., and at Canal Basin, Foot of McQill Street. J. B. LAMEEB, ALEX. MILLOY, General Manager. Traffic Manager. SEE PRECEDING FAGE. ADVIRTI8BMKNT8, 505 lonpaoy ITERS MONTREAL VERS, calling ind Port St. EALfprBER- 2 P.M., call- NTREAL for If., calling at irlea, St. Maro r for TERRE- k, calling at 'aul I'Ermite. )rnwaU every t 5 30 P. M., eau Landing, Regis. ices: nal Basin, IILLOY, fie Manager. amrenre mmm HON. T. MeGBGKVY, JKVIjIBS CHABOV, I The St. President, nianaser. I of the firs t- class Pu* June till 10th of September, Tuesdays and FridaiiK TKb " ^AmrwAv •'nlWtiur and Tadouaac, going and returning. -jii'^f ''"™.***® '^^'^ September until close of Navigation, the " St I^awrkw™'' Q UNTIL PDRTHER NOTICE THE STEAMER " iiiii," fap. itig. iamond, and^Sijf: "^"^ ^^^''^ ***• '^^*° Po't-Jeli at 6 a.m., on Wednesdays, Fridays, Genera^l'^TIokS? ««iTJl."''\!LPPi? as follows: In the W «t 1 At all «>eiierai Ticket Offices. In Montreal : At the offices of the f ! *!!® *:1L*"* '''«'»»' Railway Office, 143 St. James Street. Rallwiv art* «ft*xii:?^!*2*' Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental nail way, zoi St. Xames Street, and 113 Place d'Armes. At the Office of the Intercolonial Railway. 120 «. Francol* Mon €o., 313 Commissioners Street. ^-«w««« H. P. BELLBW, Agent. I on?«*Vj«»ri*'L^^''l®*^*'"*l^* Ticket Office, opposite to the St. Wh"i?f,'KJfh'o«tfeStri5f. ****** "^ "»« company, «. Andrew's For fiirther information apply to A. GABOUfiy, Secretary. Omr-BWA 1. ^«uTr, iccv. I: ADVERTISEMENTS. (mviitmtiftMttttHiiHit MSIL LINE DIY STEIMERS BETWEEN ^fontfekl kud Ottkwk. I < Passengers for Ottawa and ail intermediate ports take 7.15 a.m. train for Lachine to connect with steamer. First Class Fare to Ottawa - $2.60 Do return do - 4.00 Second-Class Fare to Ottawa - 1.60 Exeaniona taking 7. 16 a.in. Train for Lachioo dally. All-day trip to Carillon and back, passing through Lake of Two Mountainn. returning home by the rapids Fare ior round trip, $1 . 26 . For the Caledonia Springs, Excursion Tickets at reduced rates. Afternoon trips down the Eapids, take 6 p.m. Train daily for Lachine. Saturday after oon Excursions to St. Anne's, take 2 p.m. Train for St. Anne's returning home by steamer down Kapids. ' Tickets at the principal Hotels and Grand Trunk Railway Offices, and Company's Office, 18 Bonaventure Street. i-"-/ ■ R. W. SHEPHERD, Mr^if^o 1 W^Ai 4 ADySRTIgEifSNTS. 507 mi AVk. 9 ports take amor. B2.50 4.00 • 1.60 two Moantaim, ichlne. a for St. Anne's, 9, and Company's D, TOBOITTO AND NIA«ABil NAVIGATION GO'S. STEAMERS, Chlcora, and city of Toronto, Via Lewlston is New Tode CeatnL Buffalo l!>ep Niagara Falls. ... " Suspension Bridge " Lewiston. . . ^ " Toronto Arr, 9.00 a.m. 954 " 10.00 " 1030 " 1.30 " 4.oop.m, 4-45 4-55 SCO 8.00 « u ! Vift CTagara He wn & C an, flottthwn. Buffalo . ...Dm, INiagaraFalls, O.. •'^ Suspensicm Bridge " INiagaraTown ... ' iToronto " 9.ooa.ni.| 90s •< 930 9-45 iji.i9 « « 3.15 PM. 4.ao '' 4-2.5 q.OQ LeavitK Tonite-street Wbarl^ Toronto, daily at 7 a.ni., 2 p.m. and 8 p.m., for Niagura and Lewiston, maklne direct oonneotion with New York Central and Can- ada Sonthwn Railways for the Falls, Bufiklo, Rochester, Cleveland, New York, Boston. Philadelphia, St. Thoma», Detroit, Toledo, ke. Special Kxcursion Every Afternoon to Niagara and Leniston and Return, only 60 ctg. Book Tickets for sale. For Ticket^ and all information apply to D. MIL- LOY, 8 Front Street east, and to BARLOW CUMKKRLAND, 85 Yonge Street. P. MtLLOY, General Agent, NEW VORK and ALBAHT DAT LIRE STEAIIERS, '* ALBANY" (FTILT 1880.) and "C.VIBBARD," (SEMCOELED 1890.) ■^ipfioiff^a^ 4 Leave NEW YOKK EVERT MOKNING (except Sunday), from foot of Vestry Street, Plier3», North River, adjoiniiig Jersey Citv Ferry, at 8.35 A M^and foot of Twenty-fourth Street, North Klvor, 9 A.M., landing at WEST I'OINT, Newbnrjf, Poughkeepsie, Khinetteck (connecting with Ulster and D- Inware Railroad fortlis Rpeorts of the Western CatskUls), Catskill, and Hudson, arriving at ALBANY at 6 a.m. Returaing, LEAVE ALBANY EVERY MORNING (except Sunday), at 8.3J A.M. making same landings, arriving in New York for trains for Philadelphia, South and west. Diningf Sal&ai'Hi on thr. Main Deck, er* MEALS SERVED ON TUE EUROPKAN PLAN. C. R. VJN BCBTTHDYSB^V, Gen'l Ticket Agt., L.tA. 1>l_ _f- tfllA— tS'JT <3*« 2riX'T^ .Lt V V» i V*"3k ^1 mm0mmmm 608 ADVERTISEMENTS. PEOPLE'S EVENING LINE BBTWEEN NEW YORK AND ALBANY. DURING THE SEASON OF NAVIGATION THE COMMODIOUS STEAMERS OF THIS LINE WILL Leave New York Daily, EXCEIT SUNDAY, AT 6 P.M. FBOH PIER 41 KOBTH BIVEB, FOOT OF CANAL STREET, AS FOLLOWS: STEAMER DREW, CAPTAIN 8. J. ROB, Monday, Wednesday ai^d Friday, STEAMERS ST. JOHN OR DEAH RICHM(Hn), CAPTAIN T. D. CHRISTOPHER, Tu^^sday, Thursday and Saturday, AniTing in AHmd^ in time to eonntt witlt^ Express Trains, except Stmday morning, 170BTH, EAST and WEST. Leave ALBANY every Week Qay, At 8.15 P.M., From 8teawhoat Landing : Steamers ST. JOHN or DEAN RICHMOND, Monday, Wednesday and Friday, ^T¥.Kn^B, DREW, Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday, Connecting at HE 7 70ES with aU EABL7 TBAZNS for the S0T7TB and •EAST. MEALS ON THE EUBOPEAN PLAN. ROOMS HEATED BY STEAM DURING THE COOL MONTHS. PIRST-rK,AS!4 PARE, $1»6« BXOURSION, good for Return 30 days from date, %iOO FOR TICKETS IN NEW FORK -Apidy at Company's Ticket Office on the Wharf (Pier 41 North River) ; At Dodd'a Expxess Offlcen. 944 Broadway, 736 Sixth Ave.; No. 4 Court St., Brooklyn^ Jersey City; Hobolcen; and all principal Hotels and Ticket Offices ia Mew York, and on board Steamers, W. W. EVERETT, R. P. CLAPP, President. Secretary. JOHN C. HBW^IT^. Oan. Ticket Aeent & Traaanrer. DMMODIOUS REMINDERS FOR RAMBLERS. SI'BCtAL ROVTBS FOR TRAVELLERS, Probably no fact evidencing American progress is more clearly demonstrated than the prevailing custom among all classes to devote more or leSs of the summer months to journeys in search of health and pleasure, or to obtain the relaxation from care and busmess so much needed by our fast-living and hard-working people. Particularly is this custom to be observed in large cities and towns, where a summer jaunt is deemed as essential to the year's routine as the seasons are to its frtiitftilness. This propensity is not limited to a class. The rich and poor alike indulge it— varying their enjoyment only in the places sought or the time consumed. Those who are fortunate enough to poss ess plenty of both leisure and lucre, crowd European steamers" and seaside cottages ; others join the throngs who make our fashionable resorts the gayest in the world; while others, who prudently consider the cost, both in dollars and days, " spy out the land." like Caleb and Joshua, seeking its shady nooks and rocky fastnesses, its health-giving fountains and natural wonders and return at the end of their rambles la'^.en with the rich spoils of nature in the shape of strengthened bodies and invigorated minds. If the philanthropist will, for a f€w days of the heated term, sfatjon Viinieolf .if n«.. r^c ix. ; ;„-i -^. ._i . i_ i "■ ^' "iij ^'i wic p:!riv,:pui SlCMiituOaii QuCKS Oi' (' 610 railway dei)ots in the great cities, he will be struck with the eager joy of crowds hurrying out of town for a view of country scenes and a breath o*' country air. Old and young are alike exdted and rejoiced at the prospect before them. If the same points are observed when these ramblers return, he will see them laden with the spoils gathered where the birds sing and the grasses grow, and notice that the hands of many grasp as treasuies leaves and wild flowers which the country denizens would sneer at as weeds. But to the woman or child who is accustomed to gaze only on hot walls and hotter streets these humble offerings of dell and dingle are reminders of coolness and shade, and are cherished as mementos of God's country. Railroads being now the common highways of our land, it is only natural that their managers should seek to accommodate this travelling prc^ensity of the people, and the last eleven years have witnessed a wonderful progress in this direction. Almost every important line in the United States and Canada now makes a prominent feature of its "Summer Excursions," and each vies with its competitors in offering inducements, both in routes and rates, that will attract the tide of travel over its line. All this benefits the public, because the facilities offered widen, by hundreds of miles and at no additional cost, the area open for their summer wanderings. In perfecting these arrangen?^" »«; various Railroad Companies can justly claim die first positiv. They have, from year to year, amplified their system of Summer Excursion Routes, until now they extend through aU the varied and interesting scenery for which the Eastern, Middle Western States and Canada are celebrated. The numerous and widely diverging lines of these Companies following the courses of beautiful rivers, penetrating the fast- nesses of giant mountains, reaching the restless waves of tlie mighty ocean, and meandering through romantic vales to breezy heights, afford facilities for pleasure travel unrivalled on the con. tinent, and all these advantages have been so systematized and perfected as to become models for scores of imitators. Not only 511 Guide Book, extended and varied in their attractions, but the accommodations provided over and along them are as perfect as skill and liberality can produce. The summer tourist can select from the routes they offer a jaunt of a few miles, or a jour- ney of thousands. But, whether his vacation be limited to a day or extended to months,— whether he seeks the shade of a suburb or the pleasures of remote resorts,— the same care will attend him and the same comfort surround him. His inquiries will be answered cheerfully and courteously by the agents and employes of the Companies, and he will be neither hurried nor delayed while on his journey. He can pause where at- tractions are concentrated, and study the lessons of the coun- try's greatness, opened by the hundreds of mming, manufac- turing and agricultural centres scattered along his route; and when the trip is ended he will find that the cost has been no greater than it would have been had he spent the same time in one locality. Our Tourist's Guide for the year 1880 is confidently com- mended to the attention of all who purpose a trip all round by rail or water. It will be found systematically arranged — the routes presented, increased in number and extent ; the sketches of resorts complete ; showing clearly the location of all places accessible, and the channels by which they are reached ; and a large number of new and attractive resorts, showing the location of hotels, so presented as to meet a long-needed want of tourists. Such a companiv« all others, the favorite Route to the South Southwest, and the Far West. Try it, and you will find travelling a luxury instead of a discomfort * • ■ ; All information about Rates of Fare, Sleeping Car Accommodation, and Time Tabl«i will be cheerfully given by applying to ' W d!h[TCHC03K, JAMES R. wood, T. J. POTTER, Gen'l Western Pass. Agt. General Pass. Agt. Asst. Gen'l Maa CUICAGO. CHICAGO. CHICAGO. 514 ^nVKRTrSKMRXM. THE LAND GRANT or THR \ . RAILWAY CoMAkY. ooNsiBTma or thfm aftim^tt A^r9»» III Wholly within the State of Mianesota. t^EAD THESE SOLID FACTS This Land Grant ext«ndft,in a belt son-- 2« milfs loni? bv 50 miles tnde, from east i,f the Mississippi RivTr ^ross^Z centra^ portion pf the State to its Westeilr bour^^'l' Se down the Red R.ver Valley to the Canadian Boundar^uJ;'^- St. Vmcent, Minnesota, the northern terminus of thisra Iwav where connections are made with Steamers, 17 of them thai Ttlir^Tp •'''"" four thousand (4000) ^ilL of nav^g^^^^^^ in the Red R.ver system.. Connection is also made at S? Vmcent w.th the completed portion of the Canadian Pacific Railway, thus gmng All Rail connections with the Ckv of Winnipeg (old Fort Garry),~the Ca,>ital of the CanSian Provmce of Man.toba,--thence two huidred (200) m^Ls east Sn aTS ruVuT^hrS^rp— 'n^^^ P^'"^^- St^amb^is r £u;he;!;:;^„;':f t^:f^^^ ::^t^^^^^^^^- Railway to si P.UI, soiH^tl^^l^^^^^^^y^ assured the settlers on this Company's lands. ^ ADVEETINBMBNT8. 516 THE LAND GRANT or THK CONSISTlKa ok THREE MILLION ACRES, U wliolly within tb« 8»at# of Minneaou. No other Railway Land Grant on this Continent offers such A WIDI CHOICK For the selection of a Home. The hardy, industrious Scandi- navian, from the North of Europe, who prefers Timber lands like those of this Company in-raediately east and west of the Mississippi River; the retired business man, who wishes a charming place in the Wondrously Beautiful Park Region, a land of prairies, groves, lakes and streams ; or, the capitali^, who wishes a Princely Wheat Farm in the Red River Valley: all can find homes exactly suited to their tastes somewhere on the lands of this Company, while all of their lands are within short, easy transportation over a Great Trunk Line to the lead- ing markets of the State, Seaboard or Europe. THE PRIC|8 This Company ask for its lands not depending at all upon the trading value of depreciated bonds or other securities, but only on GaM Dollar Values, or ''Cash Only," require fto figuring to prove that no lands oi equAl value can be purchased ,jpT othi^r Ccympanies any cheaper, to say the. least. 5l« ADVFRTISEMF.NTS. THE TERMS AND-TIMe Are the easiest and longest given. The first four annual* pay- ments, the hardest for the new settler to meet, are by Yar the sma//es!t &sktdi'by any Land- Grant Company ; it also sells its \im<^s^/of seHlemeni only, so the improvements made by it| settlers become co-operative, they are not weighted down by neighboring lands held by speculating, unimprpving non- residents. K^S^ Great reduction in fare and freight rates given to the en- quiring and incoming settler, A CLOSING FACT. The St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway Company have the only Land Grant in the Red River Valley proper, that the settlftt has A/>Mi'/V^ of,..iij^tJie , . GREAT FERTILE RED RIVER VALLEY, Advertisements to the contrary notwithstanding. Its list of lapds in that valley alone comprising some 1,500,000 aCres, is su$cient propf 9f this assertion. This is not all : On a portion of their Red River Lands they make an allowance of $2.50 per acre from their regular low prices, for breaking the land, and a further allowance of 50 cents per acre on the same lands in crop within a limited number of years. j(®*For Pamphlet with map and full particulars, call on or write D. A. McEINLA?. Land Commissiondr, SI. p. M. ^ M. It' J/, St. Paul, Minn. SPECIAL NOTICE. Wheat and Fi.ouR.—Mlnneapolis, tl:e Rreat grain irarket of the North- west, tnanufactnred and shippedin 1879 ojj« mittionjlve hundred tftoutand barrels offiour, the product of. itg owij millSi which was exported toEIurope an^ all parts of the United Slates. Tlie prest-lit millihg capacity of jjin- neapiiliB is not l(;ss than I4,0()0 barrels p^r day, requiring 70,000 bushels of wheat each day or 21,000,000 bushels per year, tfiug yivi g. the farmers ofMianesota, a Home MA.iiKBt not posiisised by any other State or Tenit&ry. nnual* pay- by Yar tht 50 sells its ade by itp i down by iving non- 7 to the en- ADVERTI8EMENT8, 617 ' Company *.y PROPER, LEY, Its list of >o acres, is n a portion $2.50 per and, and a \e lands in , call on or lissiondr, , Faul^ Minn. sf the North- tred thousand ted to Europe icity of Min- 0,000 bushels J the farmers or Teriitorp. The Travieller's Route BETWEEN CANADA AND THE WEST IS BY THE ]^idl^,i^kn denta^l f(kilfoka DOUBUB THACK. | STEEL RAIL. 2Ae Only Road Co^ecthtg at Detroit with all Trains of the Grand Trunk Great Western and Canada Southern Railways. ' A EXPEESfifTfififlrS BtfILY~~~ ^ B ETWEEN DETRO IT & CHICAGO. O EXPRESS TRAINS DAILY ^ BETW E SN DETROIT ft G RAND RAPIDS. FASSENGER COACUES AKE ALL EQUIPPED WITH THE MILLER PATEJ^T SAFETY COUPLER & PJJlTFORM. And have tlie Latest lQiprd\^raent8 in Heating, Lighting & Ventilation. All Trains are providofl with ttie Westlnghouse Air Brake. NO CHANGE OP CARS AKTWISBir BSTBOIT & CEZCAOO OR :DSTB0IT & aSANS BAPIDS. BAGGAGE iJJ mfmJO TO DEmiNATION, WAGNER'S NEW AnITeLEGANT Jleeping 4 Parlor pars Attached to all Trains. A New Feature is the addition of an ELEGANT DINING CAR to ATLANTIC AND PACIFW EXPRESS TRAINS. For Emigrants, this Line Sfiers Unusunl Facilities, Luxurious ^ Birthing Ro om', Oood Cars, Ac. lAKS=s,THKOUGHTlCKlT8 can bo obtnimd »+ all Ijnilroad TickP' ( »ffice». Be H*«H» Mue and 8*fk lor them via Ml( HIGAK CEJiTKAL HAILUOaD, and l)k>anp see that you-j^t them by that i-me. ' W. B. LEDYAItB. ' W. E WILEY, HKNRY C. WEXTWORTB, Genertxljlwiaoess lVaveUin» Agent, Gen't Fast, t Tichet Aat. Dktuoit, Mich. J'uuoato. ChwAqo, Ut, 518 ADVERTISEMINTS. imiOR PACinC BiULBOAD. KAR8A8 PACXFC RIILWAT. THE OmT THSOUaH UKSS TO THH FAMOUS Pleasure Heeorts, Hunting Grounds, and Rtoh M}neral Districts ^ Colorado. AND THE SHORT I'ST, BEST EQUIPPED, MOST DESIRABLE, AND POPDLAR ROUTES BETWEEN The East and Denver, Leadville, iHdall Prvminmi Colorado Points^ making close aannections at Omaha, Kansas City and Leavenworth, with two Trains daily ph ea4h of some twenty great Trunk Lines to and . ^ from all Points in the United ' i, States and Canada. EXCURSION TJtCKETS TO BENVSB, Good to October 31, are sold on and after May 1, each season, at Omaha' Kansaii City, and Leavenworth, at ^jMB eacli, and tft tNrbpigtirtionate rat^s at ail points East, euabliog' tourigb io gfu West from Omaha by the Union Pacific to Denver, and return by the eame route, or return to Kansas City or Leavenworth by tlie Kansas Pacific Railway ; or the reverse of this, enabling tourists to go west trom Kansas, City or Leavenworth .viii!. the IB^DSas Pacific anfi return by the same route, or retariii.to/OqiiialuilyJI^ TTnibn Pacific Railroad. Invalids, Tourists, #iiiirtsmen, Will on these lines realize the highest degree of luzdry to which Railway travelling bus attained, while holders of emigrant tickets Jto Gplprajio Tioin'9 are canled through from the Missouri River on regtilar fifit-cliiilB Express Trains. For full information, as to time, rates of fare, or concerning the varied attractions of Colorado for the iiome-seeker, toarist, or capitalist, apply to or addr«-83 W. N. BABCOCK, General Agent, Oor Larinier and Itith Sts., Denver. J.J. T. BALL, Cay Pass, k Tkt Agt.. Cor. Larimer and 16th ^tpj. Deaver, W. H. PRICE, General Ageut, LeadvilTe. THQS! I*. KIMBALL, Gen. Pass, and Tkt A|ft., OttMiha, Nebraska. ADVERTISEMENTS. 519 THE AmmW/VrTOREICA &8AIIUFE RAILROAD Pure Mountain Air. Ozone and electricity are nature's health reatorers. To combine these trith pure atr and batMni^ in winehil springs one must go to ^ *"*" The Rocliy Mountains. Put not yonr faith in quack nostrums, or even in the more ortbodor pharmacopoeia but take ibe_ Atchison, Topeka, and Santa F6 Railroad, the only rdute that m itself grves you a choice of routes, for it takes tou into ^ Southern Colorado, Through the garden of Kansas, wliere.under the sunny skies of the west the wilderness of ten years ago is now covered with gulden grain ' It lakes you via P.ieblo to Uanon City, Colorado Springs, Manitou and Denver; or, if the weather is warm, to Bates Park. If it is cold, you can go by it into New Mexico, following the Rocky Mountains far South to the Hot Sjirini;? of Las^ Vegas, ■ ^j*^'J****' a delightful mountain air, yju enjoy a summer sun in winter an«J hnd a splendid hotsi, replete with ev*ry luxury and convenience. ' ..r... It ia the only Route Which, costing you no mpre than any other to Colorado, runs, instead otthrough^barren plains, along the ever diversified banks of the Great Arlcansaa River, arid enabiea ^o«, without addt|ionalexpensel to sekct on i^achiriff La Junta, Colorado, whetfier you preftr to go north or south along the main range of the Rocky Mountains. Tne track is exoeHed by that of no other road in the West Its pas- senger trains are equipped with tlie Westinghouse Automatic Brake Miller Coupler and Platforms, and all modern improvements. Pullman Palace Sleeping Care run through from the Missouri River to the Rocky Mouatains without change. '^F' Through Tickets for sale in all Eastern Cities. For further infof- mation apply tj W. p. WHITE, General Passenger and Ticket Agent, TOPEKA, KANSAS. OR ANY OF T HE AGENTS O N THIS LIST. LIST JFFBBjaHT AND PAdSENQBR AGENTS. XM.EDpy,a9n'lAj»ent,MChirkSt_CWo«(ro. JNO L. TllUSI^W, Oenl Trav. Agpnt, Topel W.B.JBJlOMkjMv..A^^' ^'^^ ^_" „_ R-f«ELFOHiy,riw..Agt,60Y,)riig. To^^^ " -*^^*-^^-"-i^^»^^^*: .'^".j 5*'.* 2; u^MoMjf^.X. II. i'. dICuii.l., Tt'vn ui(|(. Auto., 137 1VM»iini„ Hy»Jii4, 40JPineSt.,Ht.L<.uU. W J. JANMSY, Pam. Agait, Clnilnii»tl ANDERSON, M.tJ WN, Knnsm Ctty, Ho. JNP l.j^TlllJ.SI.pW, Oen'l Trav. Apnt, Topek., Ka». >,». ..r....^ ... . i .. _, into.Out. L, Boston .. -. -....,-..., .^ ,.„... ..«^«v,. . . • . ■x'j.ui.illQ.tl. Ohio. W. .'. WHtTKjGeii'l PM«.»iwtTiokrtA*t,Topi-UltSi J. r. GK>DDAltD, CUn'l rnlvht AfMtTTeiAiSllSS: I $20 ADVERTISEMENTS. OF THE IS ON THE — 38th Parallel of Latitude WHICB tt0N9THBOWGH THit — Cottonwood and Arkansas Valleys IN SOUTH CENTRAL am> WHBRK THK OFFER FOR SALE TWO MILLION ACRES Choice Farming, Fruit Growing, and Grazing LaildiS' ^^ ^"^ Price.-, on Long Time and J^w Interest. Large discounts for Cash, These Lands are located in the very heart of the great Winter Wheat Region of the State. Thetotal winter \vheat acreage in the State for l8&) is 1,866,326 J of this amount 601,477 acres or oue-third of the entire acreage of Kansas, is in nine adjoining counties in the Cottonwood and Arkansas Valleys. A rich soil, pnre water, healthy climate, short winters, good roads, ex- cellent society, churches and good schools, are characteristics of ^outh Central and SouthWest Kansas . • , • For Maps and Circulars giving full information about this favorite lati- tude, write to A.S. ,., Land Com., 1:, T. & 8. T; B It. CO, TOPEKA, KANS. Or to R. J. BELFORDj Canadian Agent, 60 York Street. ude iilmi RES Low Price.-, Winter Wheat state for l8&) entire acreage and Arkansas )d roads, ex- tics of ^outh favorite lati* ^, KANS. ro,.oNi. ADVERTISEMENTS. 521 Secure your Tickets via THE DENVER & RIO GRANDE RAILWAY, I'ASSrSO THROUCfH THE RICHEST MINING COUNTRY A.ND GRANDEST SCENERY IN COLORADO- Only route by which passengers can pass through Denver and Northern Colorado, en route to Colorado Springs, Manitou, Pueblo, Canon City, Dei Notre. Laice City, Leadviiie. aNd all points is the Great San Juan Mining Country and New ,,■ Mexico. I'nlj route by which passengers can pass through Pueblo Colorado bpnngg, and Manitou (Garden of the Gods), en rouS to Denver Central City, Georgetown, Leadviiie, and all points in Northern Colorado. Harton Reciining-Seat Paiace Cars attached to all PASSENGER TRAINS, which are fitted with WE8TINGH0USE AIR BRAKE, and together with gentlemanly and attentive train cnployec^ make tiie most popular route in the West. ' Rates aiways as iow as tlie iowest. Remember these facts, and see that your TICKET reads " Via Denver and Rio Grande Railway." For information regarding rates, etc., apply to any Ticket Ai^ent in the United Statet--, or addrei^s ° -_.•. J.V. A TMOr rv Generat Passenger Agent, Denver, Colo E 522 ADVERTISEMENTS, See that your Ticket Reads via THE III! II « mn tm 1 1 -"ten GOING WEST TO LEADVILLE, DUDLEY, KOKOMO, ST. JOHNS, TEN MILE, HAMILTON, GUNNISON VALLEY, BRECKENRIDGE. FAIBPLAY, MONTEZUMA. A^LyiA, MORBISON, Etc. Shortest and Most Direct Route FOR ALL POINTS ABOVE. This road passes through the renowned Platte Canon, and crosses the Kenosha Range, attaining the HIGHEST ELEVATION OF ANY RAILROAD IN NORTH AMERICA, 10,000 FEET, Affording the tourist and pleasure seeker the most dehghtful and varied Mountain Scenery, AND THE BEST HUNTING AND FISHING GROUNDS. Pullman Palaca Cars attached to Night Trains- Less Staging and Be'ter Time than by any other Route, G.W.FISHER, Qeneral Superintendent. A. S. HUGHES, General Freight and Passenger Agent, AbVERTISEMENTS. 623 IROK lOUHTAII BODTE Via ST. LOUia PROM UNION DSPOT FOR MEMPHIS, MOBILE, JACKSON, NEW ORLEANS, VICKSBUEa, NASHVILLE, CHATTANOOGA, ATLANTA, SAVANNAH, CHAELESTON, JACKSONVILLE, AND ALL POINTS IN THE South and South EAST. voa LITTLE EOOK, HOT SPEINOS, TEXAEKANA, SHEEMAN WACO, DENISON, MAESHALL, DALLAS, FT. WOETH, PALESTINE, AUSTIN, HOUSTON, GALVESTON, SAN ANTONIO, AN£> ALL POINTS IN TEXAS. When you go to or from ARKANSAS or TEXAS, for Buaiaesg or for Pr:^»fo -Su' "Met7. 8P««|, comtort and economj combine to make it the Popular Thoroughfare of the Qraat South-west. v u.» c u lue OffiJ f'i?'* Tickets and Baggage Checks can be procured at Ticket uaces of Connecting Lines throughout the East, North aud West, aad at COMPANY'S OFFICES: 104 Clark St., Chicago. 94 N. 4th St., St Louis, and Union Depot, St. Louis. A . DV. JftAB»«7D A^. ^^~'sa . CTtt j» •* V. %T. >iJ«jiuSjiji?ia 0«n. Pass, Agt., St. Louis. i^Simmmmmmimammt 524 AT>VERT18EMENT8. MISSOURI PACIFIC KULWiT The best Eonte from the Eastern States and via St, Ijouis to V -■'X '-V KANSAS, NEBRASKA, K£W MEXICO, CALIFORNIA, OREaON, 9 ARIZONA, The Agricultural and Mining Regions of the Great West. EXCURSION TICKETS Via this Line to DENVER and return are on sale at lowest rates every season, from May 1st, good till Oct. 31 st. Horton'8 Reclining Chair Cars Are run on all Express Trains of this Line, WITHOUT EXTRA CHARGE to holders of First-^Clasa Through Tickets. Pullman Drawing Room Sleeping Cars Are also attached to all Through Trains. •M-.c'i: -ih Any of the following named Agents of the Missouri Pacific Railway will promptly furnish any desired infor- mation concerning the Line : — S. H. THOMPSON, N. K. Pass. Aet., PlttsburjtU, Pa. s. H. mii^iiS, S. E. Pass. Agt., Cincinnati, Ohio. S. W. EI.IiIOTT, East'n Pass. Ast., 409 Broadway, New York. O. H. DANIELS; Gen. AfSI^, 52 €lark St., €lilcaso, 111. y. CHANDLEB, Gen'l Pass. Agt., St. Loms, Mo. ADVERTISEMENTS. 525 i PORTLAND, ME., TO Sebago Lake, Pryeburg, North Conway, Glen House, Craw- ford HouK , Fabyan House, AND ALL POINTS IN WHITE MOUNTAINS) CONNECTING WITH TBAIN8 TO AND FROM Summit of Mount Washington. THE ONLT EOUTE THROUGH THB Wonderftil Scenery of the White Mountain Notch. OBSERVATION CAMS Attached to all trains through the Notoli. ry"Tho Portland tnd 0|tden8bur« B.R.isln close connection wlili and eanllv reached frPn, the Glen House, BetBlehera, ProHle House and all the principal^ ihU iL'J^r^* ^^^^ Mountains ViHf.rsby other lines to these resorts should b?a.- .h1„ ^. wu?: *S,^ remember that an excursion through the Notch will givea better idea ot White Mountain scenery than can possibly be obtained otherwise. Trf ins are arranged so that the round trip-Fabyans to Korth Conway and Keturn— or vice Tcrsa, need occupy but a few hours, and the Obst^rvation Cars, a novelty in Mountain travel. Introduced bv the I'. &O.R.U., will aflTord extensive -tnobstructed views of tlie w Id and impressive scenery of the Notch, its lolty heights and silent intervale, making the trip the memorable feature of the White Mountain Tour. THE SHORTEST ROUTE PROM THE MOUNTAINS TO THE SEA SflOEE, Oonneetlnff at North Conway and Portland wltb EASTERM ^ BOSTOJV ^ MAIJfE R,B, FOR Old Orchard, Wells, Rye and Hampton Beaches, 3 THROUGH TRAINS TO BOSTON with close connection FOR New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore and the West. Excursion and Through Tickets for sale at Profile House, Fabyan House, Craw- ford House, and at principal ticket offices of connecting lines. CHARI.es H. FOYS, J» HAMILTON, G.T.A. Supt, OFFICES. PORTLAND. ME. 52C ABVKRTISKMENTS. CENTR&l TERMOH T R. R. 3 Express Trains Daily, (SUNDAYS KXOEPTED) BETWKRN' JVfontreal and Boston, WITH PULLMAN DAY AND SLEEPING CARS. Leave MONTREAL, 7.15 A.M., and 6.30 P.M., ARRITINa IN BO ST. ON at 7.15 P.M., and 8.00 A.M. 2 Express Trains Daily, (SUNDAYS EXCEPTED) BETWEEN J\lo7ztreal ccnd Nerw Yorl^^ Leave MONTBEAL 3.20 P.M. and 6 P.M., and arrivd in NEW YOEK 6.45 A,M. and 12 Noon. WAGNER Sleeping & Drawing Room Cars through without change. Passejiger & Baggage Cars, Montreiil to Albany, without change. See that your Tickets read via srr, ,A,XiB.A.isrs, Tourists' and Excursion Tickets for sale in all the principal cities of New England and New York. Also at ]3«St. JamewSt, naontreal, Wm. U. VTALL, Can.Pass'r. Agent S6* Waabinetou Street, Boston, T. E. BOND, Ticket Auent. 417 Broadway. New York, K. R. €OPPlNS, *^ «* J. W. HOSABT, St. Alteai, Vt. W2I. F. SMITH, D. McKEItZZS, Optl'l PflRH'ir jinenf. Jaa't nan'l Pna»>r Antni Sti Albaai, Vt. St Albani, Vt. : , ton, RS. P. M., I, lily. arrivo It it change. via ties of New s'r. Agent et Aueiit. is'r Agenti t Albani, Vt* JUidTiteTtallf A a.-'MbA'M.rJUtsss. Map of the Central Vermont Railroad. 528 ADVERTI815I1NTS. —THE FAVORITE— Boston to Portl and, Bangor, St. John, Halifax. NO OTHEll RAILROAD IN THE UNITED STATES, upon an pmml leiu^thotline threads so many bright SEA COAST TOWSs and sJlM- MER RESORTS. Throughout the height of the season it is literally a ^.ummer city, und the ENVIRONS OF BOSTON may be said to extend almost to THE VISITORS AND RESIDENTS of this SEA SIDE REGION are dmwn from the centres OP WEALTH in all parts of the land, whose COnNTRY-SEATS along the EASTERN RAILROAD for miles north-east of Boston represent the Middle, Southern, and Western element of the * .1 PLEASURE-LOVING. The E,nipm,nt of %^'^^^^ltlSL^ «. ntllhei IT IS THE ONLY LINE EUNNINO Puilman's rrawing-Room Sleeping Cars on Night Trains — BETWEEN — It is the direct through route to all the Coast and Lake Resorts of New England, north of Boston, some of which are : For nu- W IIITK MOUNTAINS via NORTH CONWAY »nd through he Notch loii.t. Crawford House, F.ibynn's, FroHIe House, Glen House, Bethlehem, Twin M<.untaln House, and MOUNT WASHINGTON. ruAvnKiTR »nd The Line of EASTERN KAILROAD is unsurpassed for GRANDEUR and SUbLLVlliy of SCENERY. ir=er-Tiv/i nAJr.r TRAINS from and to BOSTON', with ORSERVATION C^SATTACUED, PASS THROUGH THE WHITJ M OUNTMN NOTCH. Fxcursion Tickets by this Favorite Line, in connection with the different Sound Lines and^llraU routes! can be obtained on application to any of the Agencies of the PennsyL v"ni.i Railroad. For Routes and Rates, reference can be made under the appropriate '"fciiof rk^elsS^d!^^^^^ can also be obtained at the different Offices of the Sound SneVand Railroad Offices generally in New York ; at the Company's. Boston Office 306 Washington St., and at the DEPOT, on Causeway street. Also, at Cook & ''''^:}S^:^^ZSi^^i^^'^> deserved Chairs, or Sleeping Berths, apply by telegraph or letter to ^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^, Mmtcr of Transportation. Gen'l Pas-senger ^ Ticket Agt., Boston.- ADTCRTItBMRNTS. S29 Th^ 8hort Line anil Popular Route to LAKE afiOBOE, LAKE OHAMPLAIK, * AV SABLE CHASM, AMD mm Great Adirondack Wilderness, IS VU THI Idatoure lubsoit (fait al |».' 8 JBnIlroabs. ir IS THEONLY LISKTO Samtoga, Sharoo Springi, CoopeTstown, Zowe'i Qvn, te., AHI> Tim Shortest Route to Montreal and the Provinces. TO THB Via sjaratoga, Lake Oeozge, Lak* Champlain and Bcxiington. Nootlier Route can oifer the same attractions, for BY SPECIAL AR- RANGEMENT All Rail Tickets, reading via the Delaware * Hudson Canal Co'a Railroad are accepted on the Lake Champlain Ste m- ers, and vice versa, OrScetbat yonr Tleketn Re«d via tills Home. UP « Ihe Summer Tourist," a book descriptive of the above routes, and pro- fusely illustrated, may be had FREE upon application to any of the prin- cipal Ticket Offices in the United States. Tickets via this Line may be purcha cd at the Pennsylvania R.R. Ticket Offices in Richmond, at No. 826 Main Street, and the Exchange Hotel. In Wasbington, at Baltimore and Potomac Depot, ar.d corner of Thirteenth Sli«et and Penns Wania Avenue. l\ Baltimore, at Union pepot, Calvert Street Depot, and corner of Baltimore and Calvert Streets. In Philadelphia at th Depot, corner of Thirty-second and Market Streets; corner Broad and Chestnut Streets; No. 838 Chestnut Street, and No. 116 Market Street, and at all the principal Stations on the Pennsylvania Railroad. C, F» YOUNG, Gcii'l IHanacer, Honsdale, ^*' JOS. AHOBLIt, GenM F*»«. »«t > Alba«r» **•*"• 5S0 ADYMSTtKEKXfftTS. AMERICAN -AND- CANADIAN HOTELS -FOR- TiaTELLlli ._AND- PRINCIPAL Ih the list of American and Cauadiau Hotels following no attempt is made at supplying a complete chain in any direction, though such an arrangement will he gi'a- dually made in our future Edition. Of the Hotels men- tioned, however, it is necessary to say that none have place except »uch as have heen personally tested, and found well located and capable of supplying excellent accommodation and upon the special featui-es ascribed to each the utmost dependence can be placed by all interested. For locations, names of proprietors, etc., see the folio wing wniiouuccuicnts. LS folio wiug B chain in ill be gi'a- [otels men- have place found well >mmodatiou the utmost r locations. iUiiCviiJiviAl/S. ADVC&TI8BKBN7f^. IITERyriONftL HOTEL. I^ia,gra,i*a; Falls. Cobd Hooms an jl Board aiii y 83.0O i9er ci9Eiy. BEST MOTEL AT THE FALLS, A. CLUCK, MX.* a* ^vA.XCE« F. R. DBLANO. The International Hotel 'C6.; ALT.%. CLUCK, nfaoaiEer. " ■ - ■ tills matfnlficont lAotH, wtitoh h«s u\wHy% been th« fairerife fepot8 on the arrival of all trains. Railroad, ottwuttMm*., Xivni-y, auu A«ii«!tgra{»lit/aa«iMiul4«tiHuMM.- See page 78. \ ■: rill 532 ADVlftTIBBMtNTS. Open the year round. g|^5IICtUCKZ3I2roi!iotor| This well known hotel, W.th additional attractions, continues ready to welcome its patrons. The Spencer, frdm its desirable situation, ofTer^ greater inducements to the tourist than any other hotel at Niagara. . is the only first-cla*s hotel open summer and winter, and combines all the elegance of the modern hotel with the quietness and comfort of a home. lU tabU has always been distinguished for its excellence, and its apartments are the best ventilated and most commodious at Niagara. Of all the first-class hotels, the Spencer only has reduced its prices for 1880 to $3.00 and $2.50 per day accoruii.g to ioc-tioi; of r=-D:«2. ^M^ I, ¥. naes ready to iiation, oflTer^ Niagars. I» combines all comfort of a lence, and its (at Niagara, its prices for ADVBIITISSMBST8. S3^ TROY HOUSE, TROY, N. Y. >t 1:-^ ■• ': ' Corner River and First Streets. Short. Block from iSteamboat Landing, and within 7m Minutes' Walk from Union D^pot^ Tbe Leading and Only First-Glass House m tbeCity^ RECENTLY REFURmSHKD, ELEOTRIG ANNUmi- ATOR, dec; COURTEOUS ATTENDANTS, ALL STRIVING TO PLEASE. Table Supplied with all the Delicacies in Season. Free Bus to and from all Trains and Boats. B. r. BTIKrBB, Prop. H. B. HEDGEMAN, ) ^,. n T A VTOIVT/^ { I ITT fip. -•■AA.A1 )S>AA'« %> I ■NiMIMI 534 APVBR ^EMBNTS. FOUQUET HOUSE, Directly oi^pdM^te Delaware & Hndnoifi Canal Co.*s Depot. fSr^ TBI STASTIKa ?OIlTt FOB TBZ iSISOSSACZS 48D WSITS MOTOTAIMS. JO ■ Free conveyance of PasBengwp and Baggage to and from all boats and tjraine. TRAINS STOP HERE FOft MEALS. Thfc FoDQtrsT HOOTK iuthe'bett hotel in the town, If, indeed, it does not rccupy that po>ition among an the hotels of northern Now Yofk. It 1» overlooking the Kailroad Depot, and but a short distance from the Steamboat Landing commanding a very pitasaiit view of the bay and Lake Champlain from the piazxas. The rooms are large and elegantly fnrniBhed, and the table one of the best In the S*ate. A beautiibl and excellently kept Flower Garden of two acres is attached to the hotel. Parties arriving at Plattsbargh in the evening and remaining over night can start at 6.50 a.m. by the elegant steamer Fermont, of the Champlain Transportation Co.'B line, calling at Fort Kent for Ausable Chasm, and Fort Ttoondero|^ lor tak* George. Also, leaving PiaUsburgh by rail, at 10 60 a.m., oonhectlngat Fort Tlcon^ deroga with Train for Baldwin, arriving at Fort William Henry ab-ut 6 p.m. For White Mountain* direct, boat leaves Plattsburgh at 10.80 a.m.; for Ma- q^am Hay, conneetio|[ witti Portland and 0«densburg Eailroad, and arriving at White Mountains same evening in time for sn-^wr. D. MCMHIWIS, Froprieior. ADTERTlSEMEirTS. F 535 Depot. id tjraine. not rccupy looking the )innianding The rooms ) S'Rte. A ;o the hotel. r night can .ngportation 1^ for LakA Fort ficon- >p.m. m.; for Ma- arriving at nesor. THOUSAND IS HOUSE. AlimORIA BUY, Jl.t. Ifi the immediafp. vicinUy of the far- Jamcd 1000 [s tands. LARGEST HOTEL ON ST. LAWR;iHOi! MltER. Accommodai99 l^oo Gu»aia, THIS FIRST-CLASS HOTEL, being regi. As a quiet, romantic and healthy j-esort, this place has no superior, abounding as it does in cod, shady walks and rambles among the Islands, fine boating, and, lasUy, the hnest fishii^ to be fotmd in America. Persons who, during the hot months of summer, "*■« 1 ?r^' of resort for relaxation from cares of business, and also to benefit their health will fin<» no pleasanter spot than Alexandria Bay, inviro'ned as it is by the Thousand Islands, ajnd the beautiful reentry of the St. Lawrence Rivw. The Hotel is ligjited by Electricity. , , ,, . OOWAN'^ BRASS BAND. O. G. STAPUSSs IProprietor. Smd two 3 cent Stamps for Guide Book and Visitors List to 0. G. oTArijiSo, AlsxandriaBay. IHIM 536 ADVERTI81MIHT8. BTOBII^TB SFBineS. T18M0HT. The FRAkKUNMOUSEand CO TTAGBS M nm f;*^*^ V"*:* „_ ,„, ii„.rdP«i .nd TourUt* from ^aue l«t to At ihl. Summer R«^r ••;« oPf"J°'co^«™,^^^^ and Duov Shoottag, on Lake, 100 rods diitant. _ row }|j«J«'^'^J' „„„«„ Mornlne. For Kaiea k«« » HIghgate Sprlngn, Vermont. 4M®ES©4Ii H@liS, . . 11 . . -* ^u- T„«„ an * ^- Free Bus to and from the Depot. OUT. I Jjue Itt to lerml, Sulphor Ittng. Fishing ge. Horning, letor, ifffi, Vermont. ADVERTISEMENTS. 537 THEOUEEN'S, TORONTO McGAW & WINNBTT, Proprietors. trail r located The " QUEEN'S " is one of the largest, and the most comfortable Hotel in the Dominion of Canada. Being adjacent to the Lake, it com- mands a beautiful view of Toronto Bay and Lake Ontario. It is well known as the coolest Summer House in Canada, It iselegantly furnished throughout. Rooms, en suite, w'xth. bath-rooms, etc., attached, on every floor. In 1871, a splendid suite of appartments was occupied ^by His Imperial Highness the Grand Duke Alexis of Russia, and suite. His Excellency the Earl of DufTerin, K.P., Governor-General of Canada, and the Countess of Dufferin, on the occasion of each visit to Toronto, engaged suites of Apartments at the " THE QUEEN'S. "^ The Grounds around it being spacious .and airy, with Croquet and Chivalrie Lawns, &-C., render it one of, the most pleasant and desirable Hotels foi" business men, pleasure seekers and the travelling public. Terms for board, $3.50 to $3.50 per day, according to location of fOOmS. Bath-rooms. &^d . nH^aoV.«»fl tl en ru»r rlaw a^l-^lJf ;r>««l ■Mummm 538 ADVERTISEMENTS. o iMLois'^ritt^jk.j^. This Hotel Is Incomparably the finest In Caiiadii, nnd the only new ftkid modern one In Montreal. The Windsor contains everv mndprn Improvr'nient promotlnjr 'ho safety ana comfort of guests, lU (Appointments are elegant, and the cmsi'ie and attendance excellent. Terms as moderate as those of any flrat-class hotel in the Dominion. R. ei. SOUTHGATE, IVfaiiRKer. Portland^ Me. This splendid Hotel is finished and furnished with every regard to com- fort and luxury. The parlors and bedrooms are large, airy and well yenti- lated, and well arranged for pleasure parties and commercial travel. Thia 's the only hotel east of Boston that has an elevator, the weary traveller's friend . O. i?f. SHA.W & «ON, Froprleton. APVERTISEMENTS. 539 Pllllil lOfgl Portland, Me., Old Orchard Beaoh, Me. JOHN LINDSAY, Proprietor, Formerly of Fahyan House, While VountaiWi N. H. Tliese Houses have been tlu^vougljly refitted with every regard to comfcjrt, and the aim is to make them first-class in all their appointments. Under its present managemenf* tlie PKEBLE has lost none of its forraei popularity, but has rather gained in favor vith the travelling public. OTT-A."V7"A.- S. DANIELS, Proprietor. Witlr'n two iniDutes walk of the Parliament Buildings, Post Office and Telegraph UHiCv. Oiiiui I^UoSCS niv€t ail xT«*III5 UIiU i^l/SIS. ''!'-f*mimtii^'m^i'^fm^^'wKf> mM'.^i 540 ADVERTISEMENTS. WESTMINSTER so SOS Wi^ ^^ w^ iPJ THOUSJIRB ISLAHBS. BITER ST. LilWRfiNCS. This Hotel is 200 feet long, four stories high, with broad verandas, spa- cioiH dining saloons and parlors, and pleasant rooms, furnished with all modfTQ conveniences. It combines the conveniences of a hotel with the coMfotts of a home. The Park House commands the finest views on the River, American sid^ to Rockpnrtin Canada, including both the American and British channel's with their num«rous islands. TKRHS $3,00 PER DAV, $10,00 PES WEEK. Westminster Park, in which the Park Hotel is situated, is the new watering place at the Thousand Islands which has met witli such signal success tiic past two seasons. It comprises 500 acre'? of land at the foot of Wells Island, (Jirectly opposite and half a mile from Alexandria Bay, in the midst of the . FINEST FISHING GROUNDS on the St. Lawrence. The Park was organized under Ciiristiaii auspices, iVith the design of furnisiiing a sununer resort free from the objectionabh> features that attach to all fashionable watering places, and at reasonable charges for entertainment. It is beautifully laid out, with many miles of shady walks and finely graded and gravelled avenues leading to summits cblnmanding views which embrace a large portion of tlie broad e.Kpause of the Thousand Islands. A DAY AT WESTMIN8TP:R park will CONVINCE km . THAT IT IS THE MOST I>ESIIIABLE SUMMER RESORT ON THE RIVER. WRITE FOR CIRCULAR, JL. S. STEEL. ProBrietor. Mtelteiiti . liukltUi TO WmOH WE WOULD HK.Sl'KCTFULLY CALL THK TRAVELLER'S ATI ENTION. 1 j 542 ADYERTISEMCNTS. 82 & 84 Dundas St. 81 & 84 Carling St, FOREST CITY |i;Oii loMionsry mi |i$CQli ^mU LONDON, ONT. SPECIALTIES: n PACKAGE CONPECTIONEUY FOR ROAD NEWS AGENTS EXCELSIOR ROLL LOZENGES, ENGLISH COLTS' FOOT, ROCK, . COUGH TROCHES, Etc., Etc. Package Confectionery in Great Variety. The above firm are well known all over the Domiiiion, uiul have an established reputation for manufactnring nothing but the b»8t and purest Cont'ectionery. HOTEL PROPRIETORS AND GROCERY-MEN Will do well to order goods ft-om this firm, as thoy can depend upon receiving the best goods at the lowest ]>riceis. GIVE THEIR GOODS A TRIAL. They are sold on all railway trains and steanil»oat linee by the Dominion News Company. ABVEBTISIUENTS. 543 kM TME ©B1.1, 0S€&1 ^^=^-:"^feg^^y m Received SllTer Medal and Diploma) <( . ProTlnelal, 18T1. • . Centennial, 1876. International medal dc Blploma, Sydney, N.S.HV. 1 87T. Only Medal tor Parlor Organs, . . Provlnelal, 1878. " " ** Industrial Ex., Toronto, 1879. Have received thouBauds of Testimonials Expressing Satisfaction. HEMARKABLE FOE POWER, BRILLIANCY AND SWEETNESS OF TONE. AND ELASTICITY OF TOUCH. BTBR'E INSTRITMENT WARRANTBD FOR FIVE TEARS. For Cfttalogues, &c,, address, W. BELL A CO., 544 ADVERTISEMENTS. BSTABLI9HBD 1834. AT LONDON AND PARIS, ALSO Gold Medal awarded at Dominion Exhibition, Ottawa 1870, for best collection of Furs. ■-^■'^s-i^-^'rr -.^.^--^^^-i.^ JOHN HENDMSON & CO., MONTREAL. Toariats are invited to call and see our Stock, on view during the sum- mer, embracing all the finest classes ot " RUSSIA, HUDSON'S BAY and CANADIAN FUaS, All manufactured on the premises in the best manner and in latest styles. BngUsh, Pronoh^nd Ajnerican Hats of all Kinds ^ iieceiveu i'lum iue BeSt Makers wcesiy. i ra 1879, ^i• >^' w ng the sura- atest styles. Lnds I AI>T£RTI8EMENT8. 4 1 6J5 Our Publications are sold on Trains, and by all Booksellers. Catalogues sent on application. ROSE - BELFORD PDBLISHINC CO, 25 WELLING rON STREET, WEST. TORONTO. HUNTER, ROSE & CO.. PRINTERS, PUBLISHERS, laolWndarj, llsotrolypurj, JtBrodlyj nrf. |6. This is the largest Printing House in Canada, and have received awards at Philadelphia and Paris. Also at all Canadian Exhibitions for their superior work. Hunter, Rose & Co., 25 WELLINGTON STREET, WEST, TORONTO. II 546 ADYERTISSHINT8. M 117 KING STREET WEST, MANUFACTURERS OF PIANO-FOETES. , GOLD AND BRONZE MEDAL AND DIPLOMA, AT THE INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION, TORONTO, 1879. Highest awards and Medal, Centenniil Exhibition, Philadelphia, Medal and Diploma awarded at METROPOLITAN INTERCOLONIAL EXHIBITION, SYDNEY, N.S.W., 28th May, 1877. Every Piano Warranted for Five Tears. We confidently assert that no Piano equal in quality can be imported ftwn tte United States, and sold as low in Price as we can offer these fine Instruments. Simply heavy duties and freight have to be paid on import- ed Pianos. We can also purchase lumber cheaper, and wages and expenses are less. O* Communicaliona will receive prompt attention. ADVERTISEMENTS. VISIT THE PHOTOaBAFH FAEL0B3 547 -OF- lrtl9tl@ FIttliigFapkery 478 COHQREbS STREET. PORTLAND, ME. Froofa Shown at Time of Sitting^ and Photographs Sent by Mail withotU Extra Charge. PERF8CT SATISFACTION 6DARAMTEED. Received First Premiums at State Fair, Baoffor, 187rs. State Fair, Portland, 1875. New £niEland and State Fair (Silver Medal), 1877. State Fair, Portland 1878. All Premiums AvoMrdedfor Fine Photography, Touriflts will find it to tlieiv advHntnge un visitinK Portland to avail th«nuelreB of iha opportunity to secure some of his work. Froof showu at time of sitting, and PliotOB iM^nt by mall witliout extra charge. FIRST PREMIUMS " N. B. Fair, 1877, main State Fair, 1876, and All Premiums State Fair, 1879. Sole Idoensea for the New Permanent Carbon Photograph. 548 ADVERTISEMENTS. Tbe Portland PaeMng €o. HKRiaKTICALLir MSALED PROTI8IONS. ^ CENTRAL OFFICE, P0:1TLAND, MAINE, U.S. FACTORIES AT •Z Naplep, Casco, Strondwater, Cuniherland Mills, Gorliam, Ocean- ville, Stave Island, Prospect Harliour, Cliernfield, Maine, Argyle, Cape Sable, Chester, Slielburne, Indian Harbor, Nova bcotia, and Main a Dien, Cape Breton. SOLD ICVISRYWHERi:. P CKKRS OF THE FAMOUS Yarmouth Sugar Com, Star Lobster, Salmon, Mackersl, Meats, Pish, Poultiy and Pniits. neeoivod tlioawnrr) nftho I'nris rxpn»iHoi».18i7: VronzoMrdnl. Amoricflm Insti- tiifp, 1870: Silver .Morinl, (• r tivii Kx)j()sitinn. 1870: Mtdsil «'f Merit, Viei.na, 1873; Bioiizc Medal, llninturg, :S7t: IJromcii, 1S74. Jind ('iiitmiiiul, 1-76 fissto Established in 1803. ii DEMOCRATIC IN POLITICS. Daily.— My mail, ivo of poHHjro, $H per yimr, or S7 «lif>n pnid in arvnnce Tri-Wekki.v.— I'll li>h«'dTiie.-.av, Tiiii »da> 8 and Saturdays, at *4.6(» per year, or 84, tr«'c ol poP'a^e, wiiei' pnitl ImikIvhii c. VVkkki-y.— I'ublish. d Tliursdaj nu-rning at $2.50 ppr your, or §ii2.00, free of post- age, wlitn piid in artvuuce. JOHN M. ADAMS & CO., 13 EXCHANGE ST* PORTLAND, MAINE. GlEORGE BISHOP & CO. lnjr&vfrs, |itliograplier8 anii fflMef 169 ST. J AMES STREET, MOxNTIlE.M. €o» U.S. (1, Ocenn- , Argyle, otia, and 8, Fish, ricflfTi Insti- eiina, 1^73; ADVJBRTISEHENTS. 549 gttS r ^nnce (» per year, reo of p08t> 0., [AINE. Hit The Magnetic Springs X^ATEEVILLE, Tompkins Catinty, New York State. Tiese celebrated and higbly valued Springs will sccommoda'e those who desire a healthful and pleasant summer resort, wliere the bi^hly Magnetic Mineral Springs can be utilized in the restoration of exhausted vitality Tlie natural virtues of the water from this life-giving fountain have for' years been known to many who have been cilred when ordinary medical means failed ; and with the Electro-Therapeutic system of treatment brought into connection with the resources supplied by nature, Nature's True Tonic, Electricity, removes all hindranc --, to healthful, joyous life. Erticient and experienced eleciriclans are employed at both the Toronto and Sbiterville Institutions, and the many advantages of electrical treatment, amid pit-asant surroiTndings, and at reasonable rates, are now offered to the American and Canadian public, iu full assurance of satisfaction. is an epitome of the universe. The human PVHtem is a miniatiife world. The motive power of both is Electricity. This subtle cur- rent performs all the phenomena that trans- pires in the realms of unbounded space. The sunshine and the storm, the blistering heat and freezing '^ blizzard " wet weather and dry, the thunder's roar, the lightning's flashfthe winter^s Host, photographing m delicate outline oa the window-pane the beauties ot Tiatuie, the boKsierous billows of Ocean, all these are the outward and .visible signs of the invisible agent Electhicity. But this powerful Mon- arch rcigus over the human frame as well as the world of nature. Whv 2^ ,L I K/'^CTRjciTY controls Mothbh Earth, why not nlso her ..Ifspring ? bo we find that M - lijve Ins Mother, has sunshine and storm, fever heat and Ireesi ig chilJ?, the moisture o^' perspiratiop and the parched dry- ness ot tt'ver \\ hat produces storms in Natiue produces disease in Man As in a thunder storm there is a dreadful upheaval and commotion of the Whole world of Nature, caused by the loss of electrical balance in the atmosphere, .to disease is the result of a similar want of electrical balance in the human system. So Man and his Mother are in .^ ^ sst svmpathv and when Natl, ms disturbed Man feels sick. What will .■■-3 disease in Man? Just what cures storms in Nature, restdre. the electrical bahtnce. Draw tro.fl that surcharged organ the overplus of vital force and ^UDply it t» .11)13 otht.- one that lacks, and you secure perfect health. It "you can maintain tins proper balance of the currents, you will not be sick. Are yoil sick now, out of sorts, not feeling strong and vigorous? You are out or Dalaii«e, you need tuning up or touincr dov^^n. Nothin* wU'!- wi— 550 ADYERTIfiBHBNTS. vonsosurelj, 80 easiljf m Electricity properly applied by » skillful oper- ator. Do you not perceive ibe pliiloaopUy of this aystenn of cure 7 It is as natural aa nature itself; it is the most simple natural system in the universe. It is not necessary to enumerate all the ilia Electricity wUl cure, it will cute everything curable. ELECTRO -\lIERA PEUTIC INSTITUTION AT TORONTO, ONT., Has the latest scientific mode of applying Which has caused such marked results in the treatment and cure of Nervous Debility (so prevalent). Dyspepsia, Neu- ralgia, Rheumatism. Catarrh, Llver> Lung, and Kidney Diseases. Professor S. Vernoy b^gan his career in Electro-Therapeutics as student and associate of the celel)rated Professor Solles, of Philadelphia, the dis- coverer of the new and very successful system of curing by Electricity. This method of curing disease is based on the great la\vs of nature, thatre- Kulate every particle of matter in the human system, as well as in the wide universe. It is gentle and pleasant in its application as now scienti- fically directed, and successful often after other means fail. Professor Vernoy's wide experience in the States, iiis success of late years m loronto, together witb the reasonable rates which Jie charges, all combine to make his new institution an acquisition to the Queen City. Electric and Galvanic Batteries, Rubber Baths, Ac, for Sale. Eminent Consulting Piiysicians in attendance. Lady Electricians in Ladies' Department. Terms moderate. Best of references given. Satis- faction guaranteed. CONSULTATIC: 1^ JREE. Sr:i.^ for Pamphlots with particulars. T-estiraonials from the best class of clu^ons about the country. Electn-, Galvanic Machines, with the proper instruciions for special cases, and ; t .> agnetic Water sent to any address hv ^XBreaa. ADTfiRTrsEMKNTS. CHISHOLM'S 561 Montreal Illustrated, OR IfM )1 TO MONTREAL A COMPLETE HAND-BOOK DIKECTING VISITORS Where to go, when to go, and how to go THBOUaH THE CITY AND SUBUBBS ; CONTAINING A FINE MAP. OF THE CITY, Bhowvag the distance frow the centre to the different points. I*rice, SO Oent®. For sale on the Cars and Steamboats, and at the Book- sellers, Hotels, Depots, &c. C. R. CHISHOLM & Co., Publishers 87 CHABOILLEZ SQUABB, MONTBEAL. 552 ADYERTrSBMBNTS. INTEBNATIONAL ailwaj ml ^ttm ||iivigiitii>ii GUIDE Is published 03ini. Monthly. It contains the ITaps and Time Tablet of all Canadian and the principal American Railway and Steam Navigation Lines. The list of subscribers includes the names of leading Merchants and Manufacturer?, and is compiled from official sources.'thus making it the Standard authority for timejdistance-", and other statistics relative to Railroads, Steamboat and Steamship Lines. For sale by News Dealers and Booksellers, and by our News Aidants on Trains and Steamers, also at the various Hailroad Depots, and on Trains. This is the Best Advertising Medium in the country, and from its large circulation, affords unusual advan- tawps to merchants and manufacturers. For further particulars, as to prices of adv^^'^^ising, etc., application should be made to C. R. CHISHOLM & CO., mm i mm iiiitH im mm. No. 37 Chaboillez Square, MONTBBAIs P. Q. F. B. LATHROP, &E1IML TfiAYEJLLIHG IGEIT. ind tsand ing it Jative )ur dvan- nation III. AtJVfiRTISEMSNTS. '553 JIllBounb Route AND Panoramic IS OF TUB And Wartarn Tourists Quide. Is published Annimlly. It cdBtamg full description of th* poimts otin- tereat on tUe "All Round Route," including HiidaoB River, Trenton ^«d Niagara Falls, T»roBto,Ott«WA, Montreal, Quebec, Saguen*y River, Wbltolnt3 West to the Pacific Coast, includiag Kansas City, Om»ha, Denve*» threat Salt Lake, the Gri-and Canons and ""an Francisco, with valuable informaiion coicerning Oregoa aad Briti-b Columbia. It is profusely itlustrated, and is furaislied with maps of tlie Route. And also gives distances, elevation above the sea, and population of Towns and Cities 5 tjonnecting railroad lines, dpscriptioas of Lakes, Rivers, and Mountains, the summer resorts of the West, and ^^orth West, and all items of interest which *. traveller would desire to know regarding The Groat Rrnite •cross the Continent. It also contains a Fine Paaofaiaic View of the St. Lawrence River, A Tif^eHir armed with this.Suids needs na farther in&nn4tIo&. This is one of the Best Advertising Mediums In the country, and from its large circulation, affords anusual advantgei to Merchants, Bankers, Insurance Companies, Hotel-keepers, Proprietors of bummer ResOits, Steamship, Steamboat and Railway Liaes ia United States and Canada. - for further particulars, as to prices of advertising, etc, ajiplicatiM ehould be made ta C. I. ClISTOLM 8t C§. Publishers and General Railway News Agents No. 37 ChabOiYtez Square^ ii m li M Mi i fi i i ■ ■ iiTT i i i ii ili im wwAs W mum ^M«« 4MI Mli\|flttr and Columbi;; at«., u a one hutel, on t\w European plan; OUMue uot exculloil in the city. A. Blaku, froiirietur. / ATSKILL MOUSTACN HOUSR. » 57tli Season, 1824-1880. Thlfi fkmouH Summer Hotel 18 t-itiiatfd on tlir Catokill Mountain'*, eig/it mili-f went of thu Hutlann /iiver, and imeloenu/eM from the vlllago of Latslclll, N.V, Open June 1ft to October l«t. Great, reduction in rates Send for otrouliir. V. L. Bk&C'H, Proprietor, Catsklll, IS T, NEWHAVfiM, CO. N. MOSEl.KY'jiNKvV HAVKN HOUSE la by tai the b«,.»t In the country. I'eriiu $8.50 per day. Mr. 8. H. MiirtKLKY. NEW TOAK. TFINDSOK HOTEL, n Filth Avenue, 46th and 47th Streets. A nfw itnrt maxnirtcent liotel ; its location h dellKhttuI, being near the farnou» Central Park, and within three minutes' walk of the (iraud teutral Kailway Station. Hawk, Waitjc & Wbtubfukb, Proprietors. FIFTH AVENUE, An imposint; marble gtructun> in Fifth Avenue, fronting Madis^on Square. Hitchcock, DAuuNa & Co., Proprietors. HOFFMAN HOUSE AND RESTAU- RANT. Miulison Square— said by all travelers to . • the best hotel In the world; its restaurant can uot be ■urpaiMied. C. H. Read, I'roprieter. PHILADELPHIA, PA. SAINT GEOR(iE HOTEL, Broad and Walnut ^ts Location the best ; appointments and cuisine first elass. I A PIERRE HOUSI^ li BroHd and Chettt ut Sin^U, re- "ently changed hiinds, reniodeled ai>d reftirnished with its superior location, is now tlip leadinir up-niwn I .itel. Edwaiu) A. Oii-LBT, Manager, nOLONNAOK HOTEL, ClnMtnut Street, cor. 15th, Philadel- phia. Most desimbly lociiicd, and anapfed in nil r<*«ip<'cti to tlic r<>quirA. m^nta of the best class of the traveling public. ■ H. J. k G. R. Crump. nlliXHD HOUSE, ^ 1 Corner of Chestnut and 9th ^ttreets. PhiladelpHa. J. M. Kibbin. Accisbible by slreet-cirs fioni all the nepi>tH. BICHFIELD SULPHUB SPJRINGS, Ol'RINU HOUSE.' ■^ F«fth Season. Open October 1, i88>) Addie.s I R. PuocTOB, Owner and piiotor. Juno Pro- SPBINOnELD, MASS. ASSAsorr house, iTI Adjoining tlie principal railway >tation, has durisig thirty years of a moAtKucce-oeiui c iree? won a world-wide reputation as a hou8< .f peculiar excel- lence. Terms, #3 to «.iper diiy. M. & E. S. Chapiw, Proprietors. WASHINGTON, X). C, ARLINGTON HOUSE. First class in all its appointments and accommodations. T. KoKssLE & Son, Proprietors. WEST POINT. N. Y. pOZZKNS'S \ iST POINT HOTEL, U open from May to Octtiber, 4S miles from New York; WO rooms; 556 feet of piazza. GOODSBLL BkoTHKRB. W EST POINT HOTEL, Tlie only hotel on the post. A ¥ vaaanm XX ft- I .♦HVjBfflSE.MKXTg. Vanity Fair -) AND (- FfUa&MT VANITY FAIR. ■Wf mii»>-tm Jlmmm-^mmmmt^ •MMMi^ivaMif**^ Tobacco & Cigarettes ' ''I^U "-lin M tlrtteli. ! ,•»■ MB*-** Always Uniform and Reliable. Hr , FIRST PRIZE MEDALS—Vienna' 1873. Phila., iSj6. I Paris, 1878. Sydney, 18R0. Special Conoession by the French Government, and c^ sale in all Civilized Countries. 'mmmmmmmimm XiZ,^ : Vftf- S. KIMBALL A CO., PeerlMs Tobacco Workm, I- -.n h M ii II m ii For PLF »SURE.1 comfort ami healtii, smoke only itie Renu- ineCOl.lJ FLAKE I'ronfiunced, by all wlu) have tried it, the finest , purestand best Smoking Tobacco in the world. Ask your dealer for it. And if yon tannol Ret itelse- wlicrc, write to the linili.rsi>;ned for cir-' ciilar and price list. Kone genuine with- out my 'Iraih Mark and si^atiire. J. E. SAXTON, Glcts Tobacco Works, « if «• HI O ■A y. 9 "I Does not Bite tlie Tongue or Off the Thfoat, ASK FOR IT. SOI.I> 1$Y A 1,1, i;.VLRUS, AJ.SO On Railroads and Steamers throughoul the States and Canada. M M d M 0) H H M 01 HI U U t4 D) H Hit; iiiir;9i« a iiiusi iiiiii iiUAi ; ^ and PanorajDlo &uido of the St. Lawrence River, f V I % O •o a o I 1-4 a a O o A O O o A •d o >>4 o 5 ST. LOUIS ST., QUEBEC, WHICH IS UNRIVALLED FOR SIZE, *: Jtyle and Zocalify in Quebec, 1m Open throoffhout the Te&r for BuBlneM and I>le«Mu« Tt»T«l. It is eligibly situated, near to, and surrounded by, the most delightful and fashionable promenades, the Gover- nor's Garden, the Citadel, the Esplanade, the Place d Armes, and Durham Terrace, which furnish tha splen- did views and magnificent scenerv for which Quebec is so justly celebrated, and which is unsurpassed ia any uart of the world. ' *^ The Proprietors in returning thanks for the very libe- ral patrpnagie they havft hitherto enjoyed, inform the public that this Hotel has been thoroughly renovated and embellished, aid can now accommodate about 500 visi- tors; and assure them that nothing will be wanting on their part that will conduce to the comfort and enjoymont of their Guests. THE RUSSELL HOTEL COMPANY, Prop^UUm. WILLIS RUSSELL, Pre»W«»t A I 4 o Q £ ef O c*- ? \ I B A ^ For 8816 ny all WoMi ui lews Apiti « laiiwiy l^iiss %\i vessmix. f 'M