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The Oppoiition have been on this question DRIVBN PROM POINT AJTRH rOTVT of the original programme until almost none of it remains. They boldly asserted at first much that they have since been compelled to modify or explain away, and they have adopted m the end a platform which may mean as much or as little as may please the fancy, or the prejudices of those who are disposed to be misled. It is said by Tom Hood that there is a certain class of people who take a " PI.BA8UBK IW BBINO HUMBUOOED, and there cannot be a doubt that the reso> lution moved by Sir John A. Macdonald durinff the last session of Parliament, is in the hi|(hroper child. I death, and I had the mnoiog the ay have re- id not seem (Laughter.) arge, Tague I of Ossian. f Sir John in obliged no serious ff i« the faotures or y. It was riven from something kr cry, that pted as the . In 1876, d that the e Governor recommend i read just- Id aid not >nof bnsi- leeoh from fitting en* the strag gliag mannfaotnres and indnstries, as well M to the agrioQltnral products of the country. " In his speech in support of this resolution, he laid down the doctrine — as he had in 1870 when supporting Dr. Tupper's " National Policy ^— that we ought to adopt a retaliatory tariff towards the United States. If we had a surplus of products, he said, it could do us no harm to exclude the Ameri- cans from our market. He declared that Indian com was used only for purposes of distillation, and that we might afford to put a small duty on it. At a later period, how- ever he took the contradictory and somewhat inconsistent position that Indian com ought to be so taxed as to en-, oourago the growth of coarse grains by the' farmers, and that the distillers ought to pay the agricultural population good prices for their peas, rye, and other coarse grains which might be used in distillation, imply- ing that he favored a policy prohibiting the importatien of com. He also read an ex- tract from a United States manufacturers' advertising sheet, called the American ManufMturer, to show thA Free Trade had l/oen a failure in England, and he predicted that at a very early day those who recently clamored for free trade aad free bread in England would be agitating for a return to Protection to prevent them from being beaten in their own markets. In 1877 this resolution was further elaborated and brought out in a new form. Regret was ex* pressed that the Government hMl increased the burden of taxation on the people, with- out any compensatiog advantage to Caoa- dian industries; and further, that the House was of opinion that the de- ficiency in the revenue should be met by a diminution of expenditure, aided by such readjustment of the tariff as would benefit and foster the agricultural, mining and manufacturing industries of the Domin- ion. This resolution presents, apart from the question of Protection, TWO HEW FEATUBKS which may require a moment's consideim- tion. The one is an expression of regret that the Gk>vernment had increased the bur- den of taxation on the people, and the other that the deficiency in the revenue ought to be overcome by a diminution of expencUtnre. Permit me to digress for a brief space from the subject in hand to notice these two pro- positions. That very same session the Gov- ernment intimated their inclination to sus- pend work oa the Lachine CanaL in cc&se° auenoe of the stringency of the times, but lie line was taken by the Oppoeition that this would be an improper thug to do, be- cause a large nomber of people in Montreal and elsewhere were withont employment, and that to suspend work on any of the public undertakings would be throwing out of employment many more, and they also argued that the money paid out to them in the form of wages wonla return to the pub- lic Treasury in the form of customs duties. Of course, this was an exaggerated state- ment. I merely mention these facts to show you that at the very time this resolution was proposed by Sir John Macdonald, and supported by hu followers, expressing re< gret that a reduction in the public expendi- ture had not been made, they were, with seeming earnestness, urging upon the Gov- emment to proceed with a work whioh, owing to the deficiency in the pnblio revenue, they were disposed to suspend for a time, with a view to affecting that re- duction which the Opposition "theoretically" favored. (Applause.) With regard to THB ALLBOBD INCRKASK OF TAXATION, it was quite trae that we had imposed heavier duties upon malt, whioh would be paid by the consumers of beer, and we had also imposed an additional duty of one cent a pound upon tea, whioh would scarcely have a perceptible effect upon the price of the article, and which in no way affected the price of any other com- modity in the country. Yet if wo were to act in accordance with the policy shadowed forth by this resolution, although we might diminish the public expenditure, we would have to increase immensely the burden of taxation beyond what was done by the two items of increase referred to. It is im* portant that people should know that the effect of the Opposition policy would be to take money out of the pooketAof thous- ands in order that it might go into the pockets of a dozen. (Cheers.) At the same time, be it remembered, we reduced the tax upon coal oil from 15 to 6 cents per gallon, and if by this arrangement we pat more money into the pnblio treasury we cer- tainly toek leas money out of the pooketa of the people. Bat you may ask, can we put more money into the treasury of the nation without takins more out of the pockets of tbe people ? Sf ost assuredly ; and it is one of the principle objections to the policy pro- pounded by our opponents, that if adopted, the people will pay enormous taxes that will not reach the national treasury. I am net at this time going to farther dis- cuss the effect of the proposition Sir John Macdonald made. I will take an op- port?JBj»y of Qoing so os &!iutucr occasion when I think I can satisfy even those moat prejudioed against us that the proposition* implies not merely AN nOUNSB IHOBKASI IN THB TAXX8 ttoo of rt WOTld »•▼« find iti w»y to Ih. paUk tNMOfy Dnrina th« mmioh jut owMd, the pokoy of t&« OppMUion i>m ODM more tet forth in the kmeiiSmeiit mo^ed by Sir John MMdowdd in the foUowina that the welfM« of C«n«i« requirSe the ,. J"^?'*" 'WKiJuitmeat of the thrift wonld beneat wm! foeter the .grionltuM the mining, the numufMturing, Mtd other miereeu of the Dominion — (it wm to be • nniverMl bleMing)-thet rooh » polioy wiU retun in CmukU thonsande of our fellow oountrymen now obliecd to ex- Mtriftte themaelvee in learoh of the em. ploymeat denied them at home: will re- "*S^?i?**TJy ^ onrstmsgling indoe- ' tnee-d wonder how long they wiU have to atruggle before they are ahfe to atand vent Canada from Iwing made a saonfioe Then yoa have thia extrMwdinary rider taefced on to the reM>lntion— that this ia to be done lo far aa the interette of Canada may demand-whioh meant, in the ordioary •ooeptationof the term, lo far a. ia neoeieS to brmg about the reralt aimed at. bS which obviou«ly was intended ae a loophole to ewajM from protection should they liave told that the adoption of .uch a polioy for •uoh a purpose will eventuaUy lead to what ♦ f^ LJ^n' ««**b""»"»«t of reciprocal if? i"*<*®r-<'*"8'**®')-''''»°'>, when estab. tht^'wWdi "•*"■• '*'•* very condition of TM MODBRATl TAEIW OF THB PRKSINT __ losing : „ "marhet; will encourage and~deTelope"im active mter.provinciar trade, andmovina (ae It ought to do) in the direction of i reciprocity of tariffs with our neighbors. so far as the vsried interests of Danada may demand, wiU greatly tend to procure .. Sl!^^°'^'3;,*^'"'*"»"y • reciprocity "of trade.; Well, what ad extraowUnary amount of good this wonderful policy would aocomphsh. (Uughter.) Here we have a revival to some extent of THl DOOTSINE 0» DK. TUFPIB IN 1870, that we would be certain to succeed in compelliag the Americans to come to terms on the question of reciprocity by a poUcy of retaliation. This resolution is a wnimlar conglomeration of oontiadiotory proposi- tions. We are told that we require suSh a judicious neadjuatment of the tariff as to prevent Canada from being made a sacrilice manket, and such a readjustment as will enoonrage an active inter-provincial trade, ^la means, for instance, such a tax on ?^^i.n 1^°??^. *'®"?«^ '•>« People of Bntiah Columbia to send to Ontario for the sheep they require, instead of purohasins ??T^"J,."* »djoiniDg territory of the Umted States-such a tax on coal as to oompel the manufacturers of Ontario to garahaae their coal from the mines of Nova Sootia, instead of from Ohio and Pennsyl- vania, as they do at present-nich a tax on salt aa wonld compel THE PXOPJLS OF NOVA SCOTIA to purchase their salt at the. wells near the town of Oodanoh inatail ^t »ij4..|-|^- •: from the West Indies and Live^.*^ A more extoeme doctrine of protection than this ooold not very w«U. be put forward. was designed to hinder as Uttle as possible. Can there be conceived a more absurd and self-contnidiotory pro- S?!,?*? this? (Applause.) It^isim. paed that the exchange of product-i be- tween Canada and the United States i. the present time is disadvantageous to Canada : that it IS important to prevent this ex- °^«' »^order to compe the people of the different Provinces to trade amonist them- •elvM ; this intorprovincial trade it is pro- posed to bring about by preventing trade with the United State., an^ for what W-. pose IS this done? Is it an end to*^be *****Ti'. ^°* •* »"5 *his policy is mtended to establish more intimate and extensive trade relations between this coun- try and the Umted States than exist at the present moment, whereby this inter-previn- cial trsde may be superceded. The com- plamt of these gentlemen is that there are impediments in the way of this trade, and tbat the way to remove them is to make them so formidable that they cannot be surmounted. This resolution was not framed with a view to laying down a poUcy to which practical effect could be given. NOT FRAMED WITH A SINOKRB CONVICTION that the various propositions embodied in It could be made the basis of any policy upon which the public sffairsof thVooun- try could be administered; and this being the case. It was not necessary to consider senously whether its various parts harmon- ised or not. It was merely intended to please everybody, to oateh votes, to secure popular favor, to serve as a sort of ladder by which those who framed it could climb to office, end then having served their purpose It might easUy be kicked away. ThSi rST intaon atao contains an assertion that I had weU Bigh i>assed fay unnoticed ; it assumes that there is at the present time a very large ^giation totoelJnited States from Cai- •aa. This u wholly errooeotts. I pointed IllPORTI OP WOOLUCK OOOOB I, I oot in 1876 that th« •miction from thfl I »bmit |S, 280,000. (OhMN.) If we look to most highly prot«ot«d dittnota of the Unit- the ed States wm very much greater than from any part of Canada; and Mr. Rou, the member from Weat Middleaex, eurpriied Sir John Maodonald very much when be pointed out moit efifeotively that the emiKration was much less than under our predeoeiRors: that in 1871 it was 47.024; in 1872, 30,454; in 1873, 42,021; and in 1876, onlv 21.616. There never w.is a time in the history of Canada when so few were leaving the coun- try as last year, and this. Wo are opening Manitoba and the North-West, and thither our people who leave the older provinces no. Dr. Tupper complained that the Finance Minister so mismanased the affairs of the M>nntry that there nas been a deficit for the past three years, and that no steps have been taken to remedy what is termed " this great disaster. " Prof. Thorold Rogers' work on Cobden's political opinions might be studied by Dr. Tupper with advantage. He observes that men who are ignorant of political economy are in the habit of blaming the Qovernment for the stringency of the times. The Doctor mformed us what he would do if he were Bengough. " He would represent the Finance Minister as Qeneral Distress giving the word Starve !" I do not concur with this statement of the Doctor's. Were he Bengough he would have too much genius and TOO MUCH SENSX TO DO ANTTHINO OF TUK KIND. He says we changed the fiscal policy of the country— that the policy of the Government of Sir John Maodonald was a policy of Protection — that a 15 per cent, tariff then was more protective than a 20 per cent, tariff would be now. That then we were really protected as against the United States, and that the expense of car- rying goods across the Atlantic protected us against England. What are the facts? In 1872, we purchased upwards of |10,300,- 000 worth of cotton goods ; in 1873, about $10,000,000 worth; in 1874, $11,000,000 worth; in 1876, about $7,000,000 worth; and in 1877, $7,400,000. It matters not to our cotten manufacturers whether our cot- tons come from England, from the United States or from China. It is the fact that they oome at all that creates the competition, and it is no more detrimental to the manu- faoturer to be undersold in the Canadian market by the Lowell than by the Man- chester manufacturer. The result to him is 'idl the i^iime. What I wish anagially to call your attention to is the ifaot iJiat the vaJue of cottons imported into Canada from other oouniaries was leas in 1877 than in 1872 by •boat $3,000^000, and leap ihui in 1874 by again, we find that in 1872 upwards of $12,000,000 worth were brought mto Can- ada, while in 1877 the value of the import- ations of these articles had fallen to $8,000,* 000, or a decrease of 83 per cent. ; of these importations, $11,900,000 worth were from Oreat Britain in 1872, and in 1877 the value from Oreat Britain had diminished to $7,600,000. So that it is clear to the dul- lest comprehension that in so far as our woollen manufacturers have had compe- tition at all, it has been a competition with the Enalish and Scotch manufacturers, and not with those of the United States. Any one who has made himself at all familiar with the tariff af the United States will quite readily understand why such is the case. Cotton goods stand in a some- what different position. The raw ma- terial of cotton goods is grown in the United States. It is a product of the country ; and being a product of the country, the manufacturers obtain it free, it being only taxed incidentally through the imports upon the subsistanoe of the laborers and upon the machinery em- ployed in its production. Then, if we look at THB IROX AND HABDWARH TRADIS, we find that in 1874, nearly $18,000,000 worth were imported into Canada, of whioh $14,000,000 were from Endand, and about $4,000,000 from * < UnitedStates. In 1877 there were but$10. 'V, 000 imported, of which about $6,400,000 w; ce from England, and $3,600,000 from the United SUtes. I shall again deal with this subject more in detail, but I take these three leading articles of im- portation in the meantime ror the purpose of showing you how utterly unfounded are the representations of Dr. Tupper; how un- true it is to say that the Government of whioh he was a member established a fiscal system by which the manufacturers of Can- ada were protected, and were enabled la consequence of that protection to grow and prosper especially because they had been given the Canadian market in which to sell Canadian goods to the exclusion of foreign products. We had a very much larger im* p" ''atlon of foreign goods mto the Canadian market in the two last years of the old Ad< ministration than in the two last fiscal yean under the present Government. If it be true that our native manufacturers are in the terribly denressed conditien th«y are represented to be, there cannot be a shadow of a foundation for the idea sought to be inculcated that the depresaion is due t* inn— sad onmp^tinn in flfrnfi^ifffl mMili- tn^^ /nu '°'*^«" ri^»l«of oar own muiaW tnr.™. (Ch..r..) The vdue of our .ntS» i^ G7?4''loJ?',i«72.3. 1128.011.2817 for •jfl* *' '28,213.582 ; for 1874-5 tl2q 07n ^ k7V>'''i^' *^*''=^'« «*« ; 'foV '?87e^: ?L •*i"PP*'''.**' "•■"•P«te with ourliome todartrie.. newly $32.({o0.000 worth .yew mor* in the two iMt ye.r. of thJ yew of our Government. Now I tojured by the«e importation*. I un not contending that her people were !^ rr'^.^ oon.equence'^fTherr bIJ I am pointing out, what the facta ^Utod prove conclusively that if there i. lela m-S? aequenoe of our having purchaaed abroad »^L « because we can produce the ^!Tji P««l'">"« them more easily fhan ZL^^HJ.^"" ■'u*'€*« themselves j that it prevented foreiga importa, for thev were kported much mow fcoe/y then th/n Siey fefcntr^"'"",*; . Bothl)r.TupperandSiJ £mn!J«'^T'?''°.'^''""^8 the House of Oemmons, declared it as their delihnPAfa. coin on that the list of free imlirr«d gj^*; •Eottld be enlarged, that all raw matSal •hould be free, and that machinery em JlolS m nunufacture should also be impoS?Jie miey intimated that there should be otW «^ge.in,the tariff, «id that the "nativ" MduBtnw'required there other change, tobe nude. Well, if this be the case, these ^ "Pon which NO MSKNTIAL CHAMOI ha. been made in the final nolinv nf 4t.. SufeV^inS •T'*^,"~A'^UniSS of 111 %ri«?J^'- ''/o-,'2'«'h"'«'-y to the value of «1, 136.156 ; in 877. to the value of «416.! Sfm ?,! •""•'^al ">«trumente. we imported oT^lh^J"'^.^^^ '" »873, to th£ valSe haSil'5^'"'-®"'**^2,147. Of iron and hwdware, we imported from the United jgf.f^f i5?r/ro.7^7:""«^^ S; figure, to .how you that in all tLse;rtk! l" the importations from the United StatS were greater in 1873 than 1877. The fi^rJI I have quoted show that in sofarLSIj; f^m-r n ^^"i^Sr'' ^ the importatSJn™ S?JI! I. ' u*^® P'^^^t Government c^e In ^?K • • «°"«Po«diag do- V^La ™ ■ *^\ unportations from England, proving that so ifar as there haJ kSJo^t^ """petition in the Canadian ma" ket on the part of American manufacturers Br?^„'***?K'^"S."** manufacturer.^' gS Sc;?adl*''*i*5'° r*V*»« ""^""factuIS™ of Canada. And why. let me ask vou is theTlLEf **•" ^''y °»>^'°"" "aJon^Siat there ha. been a greater shrinkage of nrices m the United State, than in Englani^" nd S^» the .traitened circumstanc?. of the peop e. we can for the moment buy .ome ffiS^Tfl*?/ ^^^' advantege L Zt w£?^D?''t" ***" i" Engla^. Then! ^Jj!.? ?'• ^"^P*"" "P^*"^" •hout raw ma- mfrtw"'*,'*'"**]**^ ^to the CanadTan £ri *''/r ^"'y* "d also thema" chmery used by manufacturer., I have OUBIOSITY TO KNOW EXAOTLY WHAT HK AtBANS. What, I wonder, doe. he oaU machinerv saw., files, pluung machine., and the various tool, uwd in Msh wd -t-j- ._.„,. ,^„ auu la paii laotories » Does S;w« iri"?..?*^'' -p»W eni^S^ power looms, knittmg machines? and the n>«ohinery required foFcotton mill. ? DoSS •re to b« oIm paying rea list ? Tho litod SUtci 128,000,000, O.OOa The nerly taxed ffhfc rotMliti- kriff in con- ■one in ao- upon which ported arti- lioy of the the United the value eo£f416,. ) imported 1 the value )t iron and lie United . in 1878 ; >ne, 1873, ote these ■e artiulea ed Statea he figures T as there sortations advent to vernment ing de- > from ihere has Uan mar- 'aoturera, of Great facturers c you is •on, that of prices And, and i of the 'uy some in the Then, aw ma- Canadian the ma- I have (AT HE ohinery include and h and ' Does ennies, nd the Doflc rt,i"' .cu^skT«rc .1.. SutM by w.» »• *5'?.^{;,, 7r^diff«r..t rr- F^'sfr^ SAWS „h«« their tea* in the American markets, " ih!n itTas most convenient for them Tdo .? ThrresX. that the three or fear SHIP LOADS Of TBA, I.- X. ».«> fnpmerlv carried into Canada by which were lormeriy «•"»"** «i7n000 to Mie St Lawranoe at a cost of l"0^ *? •^iKir. w» impotted into C«^ 1-' year 769,686 TONH OF coal * 1^ SI wholly inadequate to en- ^'"^^ iffict taxinrthe manufacturers of Krikto-hS «St H u.p.&y were •uuuo— , __*«,««, trade: in the end u posMbta to n»ke m oountry vMiTnovt « AOW Of »A»tU>iWt- '„(Th. u.it.d 8U"' «»>»'"8 '°"i*jf s.: tA< eaual in amount to that inaposeu "7 *»" their markets from Canada. J;'°f °>J^| not be made an exception, and insteadoi JSucing the duty. a. we did. and as Dr. iup^r thinks we ought to h^e dv^e, we ■hoiild have increased It. (Hear, n«^-» * thbkthJ American duty X'''^*l^lZ Canada i. 40 cents P" fj^^ji^^ Have was 15 cents. This tax waa '"^"^ the business by which the pe* pie cf Canada both suffered and lost It „K,.DKI> «ONK OK TH. ADVANTAOM PBC M19KD. ^^ , _- Coal Oil rose from 20 cents to f «* 80 St manufacturers rented ^m"*?" gp workHpon the Ohio •* ^P^'^f^a of tTO.WP Tvearih order not to have them oompet- LrwdSien closed them. And why tB^ ^i&:\ rpSJUrUrd-sss: riSlothStn.ui«/£erewe« of the OajMdun ifu^SieTS^ brought proTed. This r««lt,»ti« true, WMBwu*-- ■k«nlbgra>. A«t«f PftrUMnMt. B«tk«wT Bj OWlHilWO TBI MIHOHIIV 7ci^J*^T^^' ^'^t ^y •previous Act. (UbMra. ) Thtn o«n b« no doobt th»t im- EngUnd bv I«gltl»tion olungi^ die AkmI ~Jcv of tfi. country, but not in* the .eZ lh.t pr. Tupper uys legJiUtion may bene- SLk;T*? l>rought »boat bv undoing the fflOjoh ef done by the meddfeeome legi.lj S«i*' ?*?• 7'"* pwoeded ni. In f »ot. the whole of the improvement in thie. u in other SJuAi"*^?^***^ »n removing the poeitive mUchief that h«i Miien from aoiing upon tte principle I»,d down by Dr. Tupper rl!l ♦ • h'l"'**"'? **° P"* "'«'»«y into the pocket* of tHe people. m»ke men iToher, »nd confer upon them positive beneflta by an Act. ( AppUnae. ) If we were to underUke to im- prove the condition of other induetrieeae Dr ^pper aaya we iiave done in the oaae of coal oil. how ihould It be done-by putting on more taxea. or bv taking off tUe which have been imposed T Have you any doubt T Do. you auppoee that that can l^ a wue policy which propowie to make people rich \l Ajr*".."' J^Jf*™*"* 1 You know that **'• WaU*co, of Norfolk, a leading .upport er of Sir John Maodonald, propoeea to MAKl THl COUNTRY BICH WITH AN MS- ORAVKB AND A PAPKR MILL. Yoo have only to print Government noteiL •nd declare bv Act of Parliament that they •re money and the thing iadone ! (Lauchter •nd chwre.) Well, if thla were eo/how wsy nnJl^ n "*^ "f ''*, *^«'y ^^y "°»» « Print notei^ call them by large amounts. It would b« Measy to.print one for |10,000. as for ten oentd. In our programme these mairio ways of growing rich are unknown. We llAVa 8VCH TALKS TO nights" THE "ARABIAN "^i.?'? T^'y leaders. We beUeve that wealth 18 the product of industry and econ- omy, and we say what we believe. When Parliament was in session Mr. Gibbs of Worth Ontario told the House that we ought CO adopt a policy of protection be- oaoM we saw every day "business men were becoming insolvent. At the moment I asked him to what classes these insolvents belonged T Were they traders or manufacturers? He replied that hedid not know-(laughter)-that it made no differ- Jfoji IhatooriatwMls ww« aU lh«Mun«. W»t we irnat proepw or eaffer tofeiher. Let me, gentlemen, state to you some facta, and you will see liow far these general plati- tudee were beaide the reality. In 1876 I made special enquiry into this subject, and il ™5i'*t** V* y°" ■<>•«»• o' the facts, and for*d.ub°t°*'"^*^** '••''•• "° '***" WHBRB THB STRINatNCT 0» THKTIMU MOST lIlCAVILy PRBmiH. JLT"I- '!^'^?.•'y• i875, untU February, 1876 the liabilities of insolvent manufacturers: 7h:L^-^?'?\ '""».°' in«.lvent mS chants and traders |16.23fi,479. That li, the losses of the class against whom tTat„y*K •?•*•«», to legislSte exceed, and Dr. Tupper propose to take under their 2i! TA. °' ""Po'-t« to the extent of |30,. WK) OOO a year The profits on so much trade IS gone— the foreign competition has proportionally diminished ; so, too. has the revenue, and the distress is to be relieved. ««*i)il5""'®°"l'T''°''«<^' •»<* thediffioul- i!!S ? !^ """j!" ^y ''?■'**'"■ hampering trade •nd further diminution of customs! I need «m J° ,T^ *' .present. What is the remedy th.» Opposition proposes to apply to relieve those whom they tSl us aresufter! Kn 1^- **••"!• ^ (^'•"phter and cheers.) Keep out iniported goods ; stop the coUec- !l« k' "'^■to™ J limit lales. Did anyone / w/.?'*w °^ •"°**. "V extraordinary remW vT,. mS*" fnd oheerM In canclusioi, Mr. Mills said he had confined hioiself I . discussion of certain features "1^ J* J *x • protectionist policy, which he intended to (fevelope further iu future aS! fiT" wL i*"°,"«'***"t the country. He thanked the electors for the confidence they t™7fl ^! 1^*°^ '> ^''"- ^«>™ the time he was first honored with their suffrages to the present he had felt himself free to act m l^arliainent as his conscience and iudff. ment directed, because he knew that thow who sent him there, would, after hearing hie explanations, and the reasons that im- pelled bim to adopt a certain course, an- prove of his acts. He again thanked them iZi^A" ""deviating support ; for that con- tinned confidence that has not known dis- trust j for their unclouded friendship, and for that diligence in his behalf that has never grown tired. (Prolonged cheers ) ♦<>i ^s\