IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k :/. f/ rf> fA 1.0 I.I 11.25 20 \A. 11 1.6 muiMgicipiiiL; Sciences Corporation m N> 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 v^"^ '-^^ >^ 4 <^ i/. ^ CIHM Microfiche Series (l\/lonographs) SCIVIH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian da microreproductions historiques nN s Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter :iny of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usu<)l method of filming, are checked below. n n D n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurie et/ou pelliculte Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'a'Jtres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior i.iergin/ La reliure serrte peut causer d« Tombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure D Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanchrs aiouttes lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmtes. L'Institut a microf ilmi le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a iti possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliocraphique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent pxiger u:ie modification! dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiquis ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagies □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurtes et/ou pellicultes Pages dr .^/loured, stained or foxed/ Pages decolor^s, tachet^es ou piquees □ Pages detached/ Pages detaches 0Showthrough/ Transparence n n n Quality of print varies/ Qualite inegale de I 'impression Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue Includes index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'en-tCte provient: Title page of issue/ Page de titre de la livraison J I Caption of issue/ D Titre de depart de la livraison Masthead/ Generique (periodiques) de la livraison Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: Pages wholly obscured by tissues have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image. Various pagings. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ ■ i document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. 'OX 14X 18X 22X 26 X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24 X 28X 32 X ! qu'il le cet It de vue age catioiri quis The copy filmed here has been reproduced thatiks to the generosity of: National Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page w:th a printe d or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -^diieaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, e^j,, may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Bibliothdque nationjle du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettot6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim^e sont film6s en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires origiriaux sont film6s en commenpant par la premidre (.age qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symboie — »► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Stre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est i\lm6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut an bas, en prenant le nombre d'imagss ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mSthode. best 1 2 3 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 -r^^^r^ M^m -eA^. i:2- VVU-s^ CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH RESCUED BY POCAHONTAS. Pack iio. •n1 -^12'*/*!^ )NTAS. 'age 1 10. R HEROES or Romantic + Adventure LORD CI^IVK CAI^TAIN JOHIsr SMITH GOOD KNIGHT HAYAHD OAIIIBALDI D. & J. SADLIER & CO. NO. 13 NOTRE DAME ST. WEST, MONTREAL, Canada. LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. Page Captain John Smith rescued by Pocahontas Frontispiece Portrait of Lord Clive 7 Aurungzebe—Froni a Native Drawing , 13 Battle of Plassey 53 Lord Clive leaving India... 67 Captain John Smith j^4 Captain Smith victorious over the Turk gg Guiseppe Garibaldi , 200 69U26 4 »tA, CONTENTS. Page rontispiece 7 13 63 67 74 86 200 LORD CLIVE- I'aientage and birth— Addicted to fighting— Loved peril and adventure— Writership in the East India Company— Sea-voyage to India— Gloomy condition and attempted suicide— A duel- Sketch of Indian history at this period -Capture of Madras and Fort George by Labourdonnais— Clive's galla .'haviour at the siege of Fort St George— Madras restored to the English- Success of Dupleix— Clive's success at Trichinopoly— The siege of Arcot— The turning-point in the career of the English— Clive casts down the monument erected to Dupleix— A narrow escape —Presence of mind— Reduction of the forts of Kovilan and Chingaipat-Overtasked— Marriage and flattering reception in England— Clears off the debts from the Styche property— Enters Parliament- Returns again to India— Proceeds against Surajah Dowlah-Chandernagore capitulates— The two treaties— Victory at Plassey— the new Nabob presents Clive with ;^20o,ooo- Vizagapatam retaken -French power in India destroyed— Clive's wealth-Victory over the Dutch at Chinsura-Clive returns to England — Splendid reception — Created Baron of Plassey— Anarchy and confusion in Bengal-Clive returns to India-Order and prosperity restored under Clive's administration-Leaves India for the third and last time-Examined by a Select Com- m.ttee of the House of Commons as to his conduct in India- Restlessness and return of fits of depression-Takes opium- Comnits suicide-IIis grave at Moreton-Say-Macaulay's judg- ment of Clive T> ^ Pages 7-72 CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH- Birth-early education at Alford and Louth-Apprenticed to a merchant-Accompanies Lord Uilloughl^y to Orleans- Becomes a soldier-Serves in the Lqw Countries-Visits Scotland -Returns to Willoughby-Defe-mines to join the Christian army agamst the lurks-IIas adventures in France-In Rome- Enters Uie service of the Duke of Austria-Victory over a Turk- Found woundcd-SoId as a slave to Adrianople-Tragabigzanda -Sent to Cnm-Tartary-Escape from slaveiy-Wanders into Russia-Gifts^from Duke Sigismund-Travels through Gelm ny France, and Spain- Visits Morocco -Adventures at Sea-Enters 6 CONTENTS. into a project to colonise Virginia— Joins the expedition of 1606 —Arrival at Chesapeake Bay— Misery of the early colonists - Jamestown-Smith excluded Aom the Council-Dealings xviih the Indians-Smith captured by natives on the Chickahominy River- Saved by the intercession of Pocahontas, daughter of the chief — Arrival of the /'/«•«/>- Smith starts on a tradin-r voyage-Wounded by a fish— Death apprehended-Confusion at Jamestown-Survey of Chesapeake Bay— Smith elected presi- dent— Dealings with Powhatan— Hostility of the natives— The first marriage— Smith intimidates the natives— The story of P :ahontas— Death of Pocahontas— Professor Arber's opinion of the story of Pocahontas— Progress of the settlement— Smith blown up with gunpowder— His departure for England— His private sailing venture— His further exploration of Virginia- Authorship and Death 75-142 THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD- Ancestry, and birth at Chateau Bayard-A father's interview with his four children— Bayard's choice of a profession— The Bishop of Grenoble introduces him to Duke Charles of Savoy— Becomes a page to the Duke— His appearance before Charles VIU. at Ainay— Page to the Lord de Ligny— His passage of anns with Claude de Vaudray— Takes pait in a tournament— Bayard acquits himself gallantly— A tourney at Carignano— Gallant behaviour at Milan— Takes a Spanish knight prisoner— Combat with Don Alonzo— How he kept the bridge over the Garigliano against 200 Spaniards— Gailant conduct at the siege of Padua- Severe illness— Battle of the Spurs— Receives liis death-wound- His virtues 143-199 GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI- Birth and parentage— A bright brave lad fond of adventure— A .'ilendid swimmer— Starts with some companions to seek his fortune— A sailor in the merchant-service— First sight of Rome —111 at Constantinople— An exile— J "ns the Republicans of Rio Grande against Brazil— His treatment of Brazilian prisoners —Cruel treatment— Shipwrecked— Engagement with Brazilian cruisers— Bravery of Anita Garibaldi— Garibaldi keeps his ground with 184 Italians against 1500 Brazilians -Leaves South America —Arrival in Italy— Garibaldi's volunteers take the field— Drives the French from Rome— Routs the Neapolitans at Palestrina and Vclletri— Personal appearance of Garibaldi— Sicily free- Later expeditions— Retirement to Caprera,and death 200-224 lition of 1606 ly colonists — dealings with -hickahominy daughter of on a traclir.'i^ d — Confusion elected presi- natives — The "he story of 's opinion of ment — Smith England — His f Virginia — 75-142 iterview with -The Bishop )y — Becomes les VIII. at )f arms with ent— Bayard mo — Gallant ler— Combat e Garigliano of Padua — ith-wound — I43-J99 adventure — to seek his ht of Rome )ublicans of an prisoners h Brazilian 3 his ground ith America eld — Drives : Palestrina icily free — 2CX3-224 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. LORD CLIVE. I'OBERT CLIVE, the founder of British supremacy in India, was born on the 29th of September 1725, at a place called Styche, in the parish of Moreton-Say, near Markct-Drayton, Shropshire. His father, Mr Richard Clive, was an attorney ni indifferent practice ; his mother, a high-minded, s HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Robert, the eldest of a family of thirteen children was sent when li.tle ,„ore than twfy L ' mTo reside with a Mr Bavl^u lu,. ri- . "',^ °'°' «» at Hon^ H,iT ^.T' '-''^^^ brother-in-law, at Hope Hall, near Manchester, where he aonears wh^rh ™ "■'"=' ~""' ■""* -nonitory kinK r:nrco';=\:™::d'„eittrc? 't^ -"°- of .he boy, -to the n,o?e":rabir,lTttr:rn,t* ness, benevolence, and patience' R.7 u , . completed his seventh ye^r twas de^cl^^d t ^u of measure addicted to fighting.' When a Tttt / «:t ^ 'r p'7"^'^^ '^'^ -:ra t ti" f mL ,1 ";!• '^^'' "'^ P"'-P°== of overflow ng nual L /;• ""'^ ""= °^™<='- of which they had quarrelled, Clive at once threw his bodv infn ll C^;epafrerr"'-^T'* ""'" "^ ™^«"''ad Dcen repa red. A m.schievous, intractable urchin the author,,,es of the various schools through S trate the temperament of the reckless bov- h. ascended the lofty church-tower at Ma^loi^to; and let himself down several feet ov»r the na-anrt upon a stone spout shaped at the top like a drago'^s LORD CLIVE. rt head, for the mere pleasure of bestriding it, and jerking from that position two or three stones that had lodged upon the spout ! Mr Clive had intended to make a lawyer of him, but the lad's unconquer- able dishke of the profession compelled the aban- donment of that purpose, and a writership in the liast India Company's service-an appointment of slight ?;«;//,'^,^/^ value in those days-was procured Z . T \ ^t ^f ^''' "^twichstanding, remaining constant to his frequently expressed opinion, that" except m the fighting line, 'the brainless booby' world. He sailed in the spring of 1743 for Madras encountered a long and dangerous voyage, the unseaworthy ship in which he embarked havinc. been compelled to put in at Brazil for repairs, where It remained nine months ; and another delay occur- ring at the Cape, it was not till the autumn of 1744 that he reached his destination. During his com- pulsory sojourn at Brazil, he so far mastered his dislike of such studies as to acquire a tolerable knowledge of the Portuguese language-a sol tary instance on his part of that kind oflppHcatln k being no less true than strange, that this remarkable person was never able to hold five minutes' con versation with the inhabitants of the coun J whose future he so powerfully shaped and controlled The only person in Madras to whom Robert Chve had a letter of introduction had sailed for England previous to his arrival there; and tt friendless young man-he was barely nineteen_.^s meTthe '^"''V? ^ ''''' of pecuniary em'barrass: ment, the unusual length of the voyage having not 10 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. only exhausted his slender purse, but compelled hini to borrow money of the captain of the ship, upon the security of his salary as a writer. That salary, even if unencumbered, was a miserably in- adequate one, and he could only hope to better his fortunes after many years of drudging clerk-work, which he detested, by availing himself of the fraudu- lent facilities offered to the practised grasp of the elder servants of the Company, by the system of • private trade,' the nature of which we shall have presently to explain. Under these circumstances, shunning society, upon which he had no claim, and for which he felt slight aptitude, straitened in present means, and almost despairing of the future, it is not surprising that the irritable, restless spirit of the misplaced clerk darkened into a morbid gloominess of mind, from which he was never after- wards wholly free except during the excitement of gaming, of war, or of political strife and antagonism— an unnatural state of being that ultimately grew to be a condition of existence. He was found one day in his private room. Writer's Buildings, by a fellow- clerk, whilst suffering under one of these accesses of gloom and wretchedness, with a pistol on the table before him. ' Fire that pistol out of the window,' said Clive abruptly. The clerk did so ; and as the report rang through the apartment, Robert Clive, who had a sort of dreamy faith in Destiny, leaped exultingly to his feet, and exclaimed: 'There is something reserved for me to do then Twice I vainly snapped that pistol at my own head !' He was not only, it is clear, exceedingly reckless in his general habits, but likewise grossly imprudent in his LORD CLIVE. fl demeanour towards his official superiors, and, as a necessary consequence, always involved in debt and personal disputes. Upon one occasion, the governor of Madras ordered him to apologise for some in- jurious language he had used towards a secretary As a refusal would have been followed by im- mediate dismissal from the service, Clive sullenly obeyed the distasteful mandate, whereupon the placable, good-natured official asked him to dine and take part of a bottle of wine with him. ' No, sir,' was Clive's fierce reply ; ' I have not been ordered to dine with you.' Another anecdote, strongly illustrative of the un- flniching resolution which characterised him through life, may be related here, although the incident itself occurred some months later, after he had taken refuge at Fort St David, subsequently to the capture of Madras by the French. Having nothing to occupy his time even in the way of clerkship, he one day sought to while away the lingering hours by gaming, and speedily lost a considerable sum at cards to two officers, whom he not long afterwards detected in the act of cheating. Clive immediately declared he would never pay what he was now convmced he had unfairly lost ; a violent quarrel ensued, and one of the officers demanded immediate 'satisfaction.' As Clive had not the slightest objec- tion to that mode of liquidating his debt, the duel came off at once ; and each combatant being armed with a loaded pistol, it was agreed that they should slowly advance towards each other, either to fire when he pleased. Clive fired first, missed, and was at the mercy of his adversary, who stepped close up, 12 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. held hJs pistol to Clive's head, and bade him ask his iile. C ive did so ; an apology was next demanded, and flatly refused. 'Then I will shoot you,' savagely exclaimed the triumphant swindler. ' Shoot .''replied Clive. ' I said you cheated, and I say so still.' The astonished officer lowered his pistol, mutter- ing as he did so that the fellow was mad, and the affair terminated. This has been made the subject of a powerful iwem by Robert Browning, in his JJramattc Idylls (second series). Robert Clive's wearying and unprofitable clerk- life was fortunately not of very long duration ; there was work to which few men would have been equal appointed for him to do ; and the signal announcing tha the hour was at hand when he must commence that hfe-task, was the clash of hostilities between trance and England, who had ranged themselves on opposite sides in the Austrian war of succession, which breaking out in 1745, soon afterwards ex- tended to every part of the globe where the rival nations were within reach of each other. But in order to render this sketch of Robert Clive's bold deeds and astute high-reaching policy intelligible to the general reader, it is necessary that we should first briefly review the actual and precedent condi- tion of the country in which he was destined to achieve so great a reputation. The_ M'.gul-Mussulman dynasty, founded upon the ruins of many native sovereignties, which had so long ruled by force, fraud, and policy, over the vast and variously peopled countries of India, showed LORD CLIVE. '3 unmistakable symptoms of decay as early as the middle of the seventeenth century; and Aurungzebe who died in i;o7, was the last of the princes of the House of Tamerlane in whose hands the imperial sceptre of the Moguls was wielded with vigour and authority. But the tradition of imperial sway long survived the practical extinction of the rule of the .^»*% /^ Aurungzebe.— From a Native Drawing. Moguls, and the subahdars, nizams, nabobs, rajahs amongst whom the territory of India was divided and subdivided, continued to profess allegiance to the powerless puppets enthroned at Delhi, who, sunk in luxurious effeminacy, were content to barter the reality for the shadow of authority, and such grudgingly-paid tribute as enabled them to pass their degraded lives in idleness and sensuality. The fatal consequences of this breaking up of the Mogul s dominions into practically ind.-endent and 14 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. mutually jealous and hostile principalities, were not slow in developing themselves. Kouli-Khan. better known as Nadir-Shah, crossed the Indus with his rersians. smote Delhi with fire and sword, and earned off treasures of fabulous value, amongst which by the way, was the famous diamond ' Moun- tam of Light,' which now glitters in the diadem of gueen Victoria; the Afghan mountaineers repeatedly swept the districts within reach of their terrible in- cursions; the warlike rajputs of North-western India shook off the Moslem yoke. Most formidable of all internal enemies, the fierce Mahratta clans, in- habiting the vast mountain-range or ghats extending along the western coast from about Surat to Cape Comorin, descended in multitudes from their hill- fastnesses to overrun ai d ravage Hindustan ; finally succeeded in establishing.themselves in unchalleno-ed dominion at Poona, Sattara, Gwalior. Gujerat, lierar, and Tanjore ; and their power remained essentially intact until after the fall of Tipu Sultan, when it was irretrievably shattered by the sword of Wellington at Assaye. The Mahrattas themselves acknowledged no allegiance to the Delhi emperors; but the countries in which they had erected their strongholds were, nevertheless, pre- sumed to be under the jurisdiction of the imperial lieutenants. For instance, the viceroyalty of the Deccan-literally, the south-nominally comprised the whole of the country south of the Nerbudda River, and was supposed to be governed by the Nizam, who held his court at Hydrabad. But precisely as the Nizam strove to render himself de Jacto independent of the emperor, so did the nabobs LORD CLIVE. IS and rajahs, between whom the Deccan was sub- divided, in their turn resist and defy, whenever it was possible to do so, his authority. Such was the state of chronic anarchy to which India was reduced about a century after the Enghsh, timidly following in the bolder footsteps of the Portuguese. Dutch, and French adventurers, obtained, m 1612, by the contemptuous favour of the Great Mogul, permission to erect their warehouses at Surat. Their after progress was slow, feeble, and irresolute. In 1640. Mr Broughton, a surgeon who had gamed the favour of the Emperor Shah Jehan by savmg the life of a favourite daughter, procured them— for a consideration— leave to establish them- selves in Bengal, on the Hoogly branch of the Ganges, a settlement transferred in 1686 to Calcutta In 1656, the Madras establishment on the Coro- mandel coast was formed ; and in 1686, Bombay part of the dower brought to Charles II. by his Portuguese queen, Catherine, was taken possession 01 by the Company. In 1702. the rival English companies were united, and the new charter con- ferred upon the Court of Directors the ri^xht to raise troops and make war and peace in India, liiis privilege the Directors were extremely loath to avail themselves of, the idea of a great central power enthroned at D.elhi, continuing to haunt and scare theni long after the authority of the emperors had dwmdled to little better than an effete and last-ladmg superstition. Robert rKv^r 1 /" P'^^^"^ "^'^ 'hat when Robert Chve landed at Mad-as, the Company's li HEROES OF ROMAN ii'C ADVENTURE. settlements were still limited to those just enumer- ated, with the exception of Cuddalore, on the Coromandel coast, and Vizagapatam, at about the centre of the seaboard of the Northern Circars, which separate the province of Bengal from the Carnatic. The entire offensive and defensive forces attached to the Company's establishments, so far as Eastern India was concerned, consisted at the same period of a few score English soldiers ; a not much greater number of badly armed and worse disciplined sepoys ; and three forts of no great strength — Fort William at Calcutta, Fort George at Madras, and Fort St David at Cuddalore; whilst the possibility of effective resistance to a serious attack by the native princes was not dreamed of by the superior officials of the Company. Both the Dutch and French companies appear to have taken a far juster measure of the actual condition of India, and the field it presented to the enterprise of a bold, aggressive ambition, than their English rivals. The Dutch, in 1744, were firmly established in Batavia and Ceylon, and possessed, besides, a flourishing establishment, strongly par- risoned, at Chinsura, considerably higher up the Hoogly than Calcutta. France, since the orf .''■".- tion of the French East India Company in 1664, under the inspiration and guidance of Colbert, had gradually acquired a very formidable position in the ^ndlan seas, and now possessed all the Spice IsJ^.n-. : :d thr? Mauritius, together with Pondi- che!:y V t -y.-i Coromandel coast, between Madras and C iu "^.iore, and v uandernagore on the Hoogly, between Chinsura and Calcutta. Dupleix, the RE. it enumer- 2, on the about the n Circars, from the sive forces Its, so far ed at the irs ; a not md worse no great 't George uddalore ; ince to a t dreamed » es appear he actual :ed to the :han their :re firmly possessed, ngly rar- r up M orf,o,' ;>\. in 1664, Ibert, had Dsition in :he Spice h Pondi- 1 Madras i Hoofflv, leix, the LORD CLIVE. 17 governor of Pondicherry, a capable, ambitious man, of grcnt politicn: power if not personal daring, had' moreover. lately obtained a large reinforcement of French regular troops, and disciplined great numbers of scipoys after the European model. The relative positions of the rival Indian com- panics were in this unsatisfactory state, in an English point of view, when Admiral Labour- donnais, the able governor of the Mauritius, having not long after the commencement of hostilities between France and England, achieved a temoorary mantmie superiority in the Indian seas, made a descent (ir45) upon the Coromandel coast, and after a feeble resistance, captured Madras and Fort C^eorge. The English were treated as prisoners of war on parole, and Labourdonnais pledged himself to restore the city upon payment of a moderate ransom. These terms of capitulation were, how- ever, contemptuously set aside by Dupleix, under the pretext that he alone was authorised to repre- sent France upon the continent of India. He sent an officer to assume th. permanent government of Madras, and required the English to renew their i mj-le unconditionally. This scandalous breach of lai h of course absolved the English from the obligation of the conditional promise first required of them ; and all who could, escaped to Fort St David. Amongst them was Clive, who fled in the disguise of a Mussulman, accompanied by his friend and future brother-.n-law, Mr Maskelyne. In the hope o deriving a greater and more decisive success wh'ch tL?^ ^°' ^'f'''' *"^°"^ '^' consternation which that event produced in the English settle- I8 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVEx\TURE. ments, Dupleix, as speedily as possible, concen- David ^ ^""^ ^^'"^ ''^^^ ^^ ^^'■^ St The French troops had no sooner commenced operations, than Robert Chve found his true voca- tion ; and the cloud that was fast settling upon his jnte lect fled for a time, like mist before the morning light. He appears to have acted throughout the siege as a sort of volunteer, unattached, sharp- shooter ; and wherever an attack was to be repulsed a danng sortie to be hazarded, there, foremost of all, glittered young Clive's bayonet, quickest, dead- liest, rang out his musket-fire. Dupleix raised the TF- '7 A P'^^'P'^^t'^" "PO" the appearance of Admiral Griffin off the coast ; and the zeal and valour by which Clive had distinguished himself procured him an ens.gncy in the Company's service --a commission that did not, however, remove him from the civil service, except during actual hostilities, which terminated, he returned, as of course, to the duties of the counting-house. In 1748, Admiral Boscawen, after failing in his attack upon the Mauritius, disembarked his forces in the Carnatic and laid unsuccessful siege to Pondicherry, in which by no means brilliant enterprise Ensign Clive dis- played his characteristic energy and daring, and that so strikingly as to incur the jealous enmity of several 'regular' officers, who were indio-nant thit a 'mere clerk 'should presume to exhibit^ mllita; skill and audacity to which themselves could make no pretension ; and several quarrels, all tending by tlicir results tn incre.qsp thn ' m^^^ ) i f > for .,M^ -r "l"'^^^^^^ the mere clerk's' reputation ior unquaihng bravery, were the consequence. One ENTURE. ossible, concen- ■ge to Fort St tier commenced I his true voca- :ttling upon his 3re the morning throughout the ttached, sharp- to be repulsed, re, foremost of quickest, dead- 'leix raised the appearance of the zeal and uished himself npany's service ir, remove him tual hostilities, course, to the 748, Admiral ck upon the the Carnatic, lerry, in which ign ChVe dis- Lring, and that us enmity of tidignant that ibit a mih'tary 5 could make II tending by 's ' reputation ^uence. One LORD CLIVE. 19 officer who insulted him, and afterwards declined to fight a duel, was compelled to leave the service. Soon after Boscawen's abortive attempt upon Pondicherry, news that peace had been concluded between France and England arrived in India; active warfare immediately ceased, Madras was restored to the English, and Robert Clive returned to Writer's Buildings and his hated clerk drudgery. The slight preliminary collision just sketched had, however, sufficed to convince the shrewder men on both sides that permanent peace in India between the rival companies was thenceforth impossible, and that if one was to establish itself firmly there, the other must be driven from its shores. Both parties acted forthwith upon this conviction, and strenu- ously exerted themselves to gain partisans amongst the native princes, with whom the ultimate decision was supposed to rest ; and the result was, that in that unproclaimcd but not the less venomous and deadly war of conspiracy and circumvention, the English, who, says a contemporary historian, ' acted throughout with great indiscretion, and the French with the utmost ambition/ were thoroughly over- reached and worsted. The death of Ul Mulk, Nizam of the Dcccan, in 1748, emboldened Dupleix to substitute the sword for the pen, the open assault for the secret and far deadlier mine-a disastrous exchange, as events ultimately fell out, thanks to the yet unguessed-at military and governmental genius of the youthful clerk, plodding through the doleful days at Writer's Buildings amidst ledgers, invoices, and bills of lading. Comprised in the vast extent of country if i ^O HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE fifty Ja hunud'n width" T"l'"''^"'' ^"' fro- inland by the Hasten? Gat3 ^Jl^^l '"""^^ ^""""^^ the Mysore and Hydrabad t '"P"^'" ''' fr™' along the Coromi:,;:':' ear/n'"' "" ^f ^"'""^ from Cape Comorin to the Nort eVo °' 'r'^' Cn-cars, as before stat,.H ' °""^™ <-ircars ; which province of Bengal, 'tt Tm """'"^^^ '" ">= show that the senie,„e„r'of fiTrf "' "-^P ""' ^out],-easten, India-Madri, P T ~'"P»"'<=s ■'" David, &e.-were all siS d '^°"'^'^'>"ry, Fort St to each other on the loa f of .T''^'''^" P™^™"^ which part of Indi7 r° , """ ^°'^" Carnatic, Hindu rajahs wo he dth?' "'^^ "^ => '"^-^ o^ Trichinopily, Vellore a„d A T?'"'™ ~"«=^ « under the p^ran.oun rule of tt t'."! '^'^ '■^"- himself theoretically, and in V ?'"' °' ^'""' actually, the vassaUf he N,^am""Tr'^^ "'^^'^ of this potentate was therefo e of th « "'" quence to the comnpf,-, ""^ first consc- upon the seaboard o7hs"d:n,ir'''"^^ '"''""''' tracted state of affairs a H, H uf ' ""^ ""^ ^is- "■e decease of mZ I'^.l^ """""^ "PO" agitation everywhere visihr ''■s^ntent and tions of the Carna t ff ! 5"°"^" ""= P0P«la- excrcise of the vuW^ "'^"''''.^ ^" "Pening fof the he pron,p.ly tooratma^fT "' °"'''''''' '^'''^' conjuncture m' I^d „ ""J^f t'-'l' "'""' eldest son of Nizan, „! Ck „ 1 k"'"' ''""=■ "'= Nizam at Hvdrab-.H \ I u- ■ ''="" Proclaimed Hydrabad, but h.s right to the throne 'VENTURE. rnatic, a strip of » length, but from because bounded separate it from 'S, and extending- coast of India, 1 Circars ; which )rthward to the at the map will al companies in icherry. Fort St acing proximity Lower Carnatic, by a triad of ctive courts at i of late fallen ibob of Arcot, derable degree rhe friendship ^e first conse- ies encamped : and the dis- ollowing upon liscontent and the popula- ening for the upleix, which in possession this critical ir Jung, the 1 proclaimed the throne LORD CLIVE. 21 was disputed by his nephew Mirzapha Jung, sup- ported by a powerful section of the Mohammedan and Hindu aristocracy The reigning Nabob of Arcot was Anwar-ud-din, a soldier of fortune, who had attained power by treacherous connivance in the murder of the legitimate heir, a child whose guardian he had been appointed by Nizam ul Mulk. For tuis cause, and others of more recent occurrence, Anwar-ud-din was exceedingly unpopular through- out the Carnatic, and it was clear that if a pretender at the head of a respectable force were to appear in the field, the smouldering discontent would break into open revolt. Dupleix, founding his calculations upon this view of affairs, and suspecting, moreover, that Nazir Jung and Anwar-ud-din were secretly -nclined towards the English, ventured upon the bold game of attempting to fill the thrones of Hydrabad and Arcot with two princes who. owincr their elevation to the French arms, would necest sarily be mere puppets, through whom he, Dujileix, would become the virtual ruler of thirty millions of people, and be enabled, at his own good time and pleasure, to drive the English out of India This daring policy succeeded for a time to admira- tion. Dupleix made proposals of an alliance, offen- sive and defensive, with Mirzapha Jung, the claimant Of the Subahdarship of the Deccan, which were, of course, eagerly closed with ; and casting about for a formidable rival to Anwar-ud-din, he decided upon Chanda Sahib, a relative of the murdered lieir 1 his Chanda Sahib was at the time a prisoner of the Mahrattas at Sattara ; but a ransom of seven lacs of rupees (;{:7o.ooo) got him out of their hands, I if " HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE and the struggle for power in the r... Carnatic, thanks to their I """' ""'' "le was urged by both nl, f-'"°P'^" auxiliaries, success. ^ ^ pretenders with vigour and V^ollZTlZZ^^ulTJr '"^ "^'^''^ °f 'he lost and won-the ^inl ' ? '"''' "^ "■<=>' ''■-^■'e, set aside-the timfd i LT ,""' P'-«"«'ers slain o forces: it is \^ ' tftrthaTT 1,"'' '^"S"^'' '75 r. Dupleix ecu" d boa f tvith ' tV^^ tTV given a nizam to the n„ . "'^' ''« had Carnatic. Salabut 1. m'"" ""' ^ "^''°'' '<> ">e ul Mulk_Na.fr jui, Id Mi^r''r,' "" °' '"'''" been slain-rei<.„ed at H J k i^'l^ •'""= ^ad both of Colonel Bussy a„d a F .''' ^^ "" P'°''''>°'' Saln-b ruled u^I Ihe ^Ze t:t7' "'" ^"^""^ Anwar-ud-din had nerisheH I "^^ "' ^'""^ Mohammed Ali was be ,' h ^"'"' ="'^ ''is son forces in Trich^'ly'Tl ?:l,X,r "? ="P"- remaining to hi„,.' TI e exukaH/ f r?*^ '"■'^"e"' unbounded : he was dedared °^ ""P'^'"" '™ Subahdar of the whole oflhf Dee" """" "'^ accumulated hoards of ,hl ,"""' ='"° "'e and Nabob were domL .^oq-'^hed Subahdar French treasu ^Dup eix tec °" f"' ""^ '"e . share .^200,000 whilst the "'^ ?' *"'' P""'""^ presented to his wSfe^r ttSeV'^' ''"''^' *^- sum. He was, in truth ;„f^ "' ""'" » '^rger triumph, and i."l^1^^:^'f ''""" P""' '"^ insolence to plant the R T ? """'' '''"^ ">e around Madrara"d FoVst^^°"v"'""^ "^ "^-"^ tliat all beyond those conB f' "' ^" ■"'imation ^VENTURE. e Deccan and the 5pean auxiliaries, with vigour and he details of the ich as they were, etenders slain or on of the English by the spring of uth that he had a nabob to the ist sen of Nizam t Jung had both y the protection ly, and Chanda ■Jage at Arcot. le, and his son rreatly superior ice of strength 3f Dupleix was "or under the ccan, and the hed Subahdar 'tint into the or his private ll^'s, stuffs, &c., t even a larger ith pride and ccess had the ^rs of France an intimation ■ belonged to 3uld erelong LORD CLIVE. 21 wave over the settlements they mocked and typically beleaguered. This significant act awoke the English authori- ties to a true perception of the imminence and mag- nitude of the peril by which they were menaced, and more vigorous action was, too late it seemed, resolved upon. They could not remonstrate 7i/>on principle against the course of policy which had resulted so advantageously to the French, for they themselves had played the same game in 1748 — the year in which the aged Nizam ul Mulk died — but unskilfully, because under circumstances which rendered success of no avail in determining the main result ; though it added the town and harbour of Devikota, on the Coleroon, to their precarious possessions. Clive, now Lieutenant Clive, had dis- tinguished himself in that slight episode to the main struggle, and at the time of Dupleix's insulting challenge, was acting as military commissary— an appointment for which he was indebted to the high opinion Major Lawrence, with whom he had served at Devikota, entertained of his capacity and zeal. It was now determined to make a strenuous effort to succour the only and sorely-beset native ally of the English— Mohammed Ali ; and 500 European infantry and 1000 sepoys took the field in May 175 1, under Captain Ginger, with the avowed object of raising the siege of Trichinopoly. The choice of a commander was an unfortunate one— Captain Ginger and his daily councils of war acted like men bereft of their senses, and the English force suffered a shameful defeat under the walls of Valkonda. Cap- tain Ginger, nevertheless, contrived to reach and 24 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE in the fore, thotri^i':;;,:;t?fasTor"-™"' -gcd .„e gove,;;: M'r Sarde/:;'^ "'"^■. "^ .n riespatehing „,e„ and stores to i,e aid of 'c T' Ginger, and the instant , ° °' Captain teered to conduet 't to VT"^ ''"' ''^'^y- ^°'"n- «'ith entire sueees 'u J™'""'??"'^. ^vhich he did escaped death at he'hands of ' '""■■"• "^-^^^'^ after sustaining a unmW° ht ZT °' ^°^ys^''' of seven out of In™ e cor't S ^ l'"" "=' "'« "^^^ gallant bearing upon tl S " '"P^^^- "'^ by in,n,ediate proSo , °dT' r ™? '''''"^"^ 'ed a second party trthe-.trfr''!'" ^^^' ''^ cneountering on l,is „ay a hn'e F ??'" '^'"S'^''' >vhieh l,e unhesitatinX at ac Jr '"t"''''"'^"'' dispersed. During tht ^ t .o 'tl,?,";""' =""" fortress, Captain Clive thorou'hl ■ r ''^'^^g'-^red of the state of affairs therra^n^ro™'^'' '"'"''^'f conclusion that Trichinonoh' ^""^ f°°" «me to the the power of Cha"da Sah f ' T"^"y f^"' ""o and masters the F"e'cl, nM "' '''"'"■ °'" ^'" aHies means than had hither ' T '°"" "'°'' ^^'^'ve devised to avert a ca 1st T 'T'"' '<"=°"W be immediate destrucrion o? -7 p 'f''' '"™'^^'' 'he in the Carnatic. a^d m^X '^'^"'^''■"^'^ and Bombay. ""imately, those of Calcutta fromVfrt sf l5:Wd%?o„'A '"7^"' ' "P" "-h of Chanda Sah.^' froT vii? he"'d-""i'Y ^^'P'''" ^-urces,,nd thereby to foU^ttralLt: NTURE. i into Trichino- • no command IS commissary, d pursued his ved there, he iose no time ■id of Captain ready, volun- which he did ini, narrowly of Polygars, :ost the h'ves sepoys. His as rewarded ain Ch've, he tain Ginger, detachment, rthrew, and beleaguered ned himself ame to the iiy fall into >f his allies ^re decisive ■o could be volved the blishments f Calcutta ■apid dash hy capital his chief raise the LORD CLIVE. 25 siege of Trichinopoly, or to detach so largely from the forces employed before it, that the defence might be successfully maintained by Captain Ginger and Mohammed Ali, He had no sooner mentally matured this scheme, than he hastened back to Fort St David to urge its adoption upon Mr Saunders, who, one can readily believe, was greatly startled by the daring novelty of the young officer's project. The population of Arcot was estimated at 100,000, and its citadel was garrisoned by from 1200 to 1500 of Chanda Sahib's best troops, well provided with artillery. With what probability of success could such a place be assailed, or, if successfully assailed, be kept by a mere handful of men ? — 200 English infantry and 300 sepoys being the entire force avail- able for the enterprise, after reducing the garrisons of Fort St David and Madras, the first to 100, the latter to 50 men! Clive, nothing shaken by the governor's reasoning, persisted in the practicability of his plan, if vigorously carried out; and his unquail- ing confidence, reinforced by the utterly desperate state of the Company's affairs, wrung a hesitating consent from the governor and his council ; and on the 26th of August 175 1, the expedaion left Fort St David under the command of its projector. The enthusiasm of the commander communicated itself to his soldiers, who marched as if to an assured victory ; on the 28th, they had reached Conjeveram, and the 31st saw them before Arcot, after encoun- tering a terrific tempest of lightning, thunder, rain, and wind— terrific even for those latitudes— through which they held their way with unchecked, unflagging speed ; a display of resolution so remarkable and lii =»« HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE . reported the cirJumsto co 'tint t°'"r''V''' '«'' the attack of such a, hn ''" /''^"'^'i 'o await '■■•s troops from tL ctelf' 'v .'''^f '^ "-"Mro. ."olested possession o^afte^n^^^''™ '"l^- ""• tl.rongi„5 population of' : X 7 """"S'' "'^ mingled admiration and nit ,^' ° S"^''"'' >""' band of strangers whom a Mr,""™' '' ""-" ""''-" men had not venturedTol ''" ^"'"'"'^ ^"<> '200 by a strong c adef «' !™'""' "'""gh cuirassed cannon, Captt'cnv'rmre t"" ■'^'^"^ °^ strictest disciph-ne- anrl f7 ^f manitain the themselves protected boU, i the" L""''' '"*'"» Perty, willingly aided the F„„I,r "' '"" P™' ■epa.r the dilapidated walls rfti .T"""''" '° accumulate a sufficient stock „r "■"''■ =""< t° '»"• to sustain the per L't , ^T"'°"' '° <="aWe would be sure to follow the '/"^'"'^"cd ^iege that from the panic-terror his rl T'" °^ "^^ enemy and the arrivaf o? e,W ° '*'"" ''••"! "used. Sahib. ""^ temforcements from Chanda t™ :8':;'uX'.°i,;rto'c=™/'"= "> «^^^^^ for the meanwhile tie 1° ."^T """^ ""Pen in marched out of the^i aTef The 1 of .■"■^''^■' '- and attacked the fu.,itive „V ^ "^ September, Timery, routed and d o' ^f"™" P°^"^d near For He assailed then, al?n „ T T° ""^ "'"""tains. result ; but th IZl:: he' "'* '"^ ^^'"= this time increased to bet e 'n C? ""^ ^>' and it behoved him to has en lis Tr '^°°° "'"• fons, to which duty he fo, the f M "'"' P^P^'^' > 'K loi tile following ten days VENTURE. a Sahib's lieuten- 'm his spies had refused to await hastily withdrew CJive took- un- 'ng through the *vIio gazed with ■nt at the little eneral and 1200 Jiough cuirassed iteen pieces of o maintain the >'tants, finding ■rsons and pro- commander to ^rtress, and to sions to enable 'ed siege that of the enemy -e had caused, from Chanda 3 Madras for 'i4-S- I ".itivcs themselves, as si 1 „ V "'T'"""" "f the retreat of Chnnda Sahib's t°.nlu''n „ '"'""""'"^ of the soldiers • the J.T ■ ?'^'"l'lc made heroes comrades i„ the 'L^^ ^•;™:';-"> "-ir Europ^ dcfenee, and surpassed then P"''""'"S to ,!„ of the l-ardships i„d ,n " * '"""'' '='"l"a„ce stock of rice be-^an to f t , """ «'t"-->tion. Th-^ -Idiers request^l 'cl:; ' 'A' ""-..''-■".a,! IndTan' to their English eom^ide .jZ ■'"'' '"^ '■^^'■'-•' «e require is the uaior in',,!,;, ., ' """^ "«=y. 'all bo'lcd ;• and upon that nor "? ■^"■■•■''" '''•>' ^ocn - fact, subsist for up^.^rof" ;"""' "''>' '"''. CI've hin,self, there fe „n\f u '^"'""S'''- ^'^ to incessantly busy days te e ., *" ""' "'"^e "fty ^- «fe 'The'^ranroaKS?!! "" 'j^P^'^^' "^ hooour and interests of he r '''"'■■"■""'• 'the seemed, in an especial m-, '-""'j'''"')'' "hieh all safe-keeping, so lifted Ldf'f'- '"''"''"^ '» "V constant exertion required nf""'" "''■ "'^' thi I had a presentimenfof tucc. %"'"' "="'''y ''-"■ the dash at Areot ,vas ctT '°'^ "'« " ''"ent never wavered.' 'letermmed upon, which Notwithstandinn- the r^nCj =»>d the devotion^of ois :'lt"''r'"'^™'""'^nder unpromising look towards nL"^.^'''' ''°"' => ^^V 'he siege. Lieutenam r„ '"= '^''"> «eek of relieve the garris™ frl 'S "'''° attempted to s»th:atrho:*o-'"'- .ho had been JSi^ ^^^ ^^ -- ^. ^NTURE. fortress, of no mation of the ^1^' precipitate '1 tht-" approacli - "lade heroes lieir European lining: to tlu ive endurance nation. The lithful Indian flit his issues aid they, 'ail a in has been If they did, ■g^'t. As to those fifty Jiappiest of claims, 'the . which all ted to niy e, that the :arcely felt, le n .nient >on, which ommander )re a very li week of mpted to tercepted, body of -ari Ro^v, behalf of LORD CLIVE. 29 Mohammed Ali, remained warily inactive on the Carnatic frontier, evidently desirous of ascertaining a little more clearly which party was likely to be finally uppermost, before he committed himself to decided hostilities. The protracted defence of Arcot at last convinced the shrewd robber-chicfi in that victory must ultimately rest with the leader who commanded there, for upon a pressing message from Clive reaching him, he wrote in reply that he would not delay a moment in sending a detachment to the assistance of the brave defenders of Arcot, 'whose behaviour had now first convinced him that the English could fight,' He kept his word ; and the advance of the Mahratta horse, as well as the approach of a battalion of English '.nfantry from Madras, under the command of Captain Kilpatrick, becoming known to Rajah Sahib, that princj sent in a flag of truce, with proposals for the surrender of the citadel. Captain Clive to dictate his own terms, and name his own reward, which would be immediately paid him; but should this magnanimous offer be refused, or surrender be delayed, Rajah Sahib was determined to storm the fortress forth- with, and put the garrison to the sword without mercy. Clive laughed at both his menaces and bribes, and Rajah Sahib made his final dispositions for the assault of the citadel on all sides, under the direction of French officers, without delay. The day fixed upon for this decisive attack was the 14th of November— a sacred day with Moham- medans, who believe that he who dies in battle on that day, passes, however great his previous sins, immediately to paradise. A plentiful distribution of 30 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. k bang added the excitement of intoxication to that o rel,g,ous fanaticism, and at dawn of Ut ,)t d^eharge o three bombs heralde'= ^"'^^ tiic IT , ^ '-aicutta, consummated bv Mm pi. i Hole catastrophe, quickly followed Surv" d D , had treated wfMi .-onf ^ ^"'ajali Dowlah promptly disembarkino- su-eot fW T' ^"^"^ . ^''^^ upon J^ud-ebud-e if^ f T^^' ^^'^ ""Slc anddrivesSm^erduJ^^^^ '''' ''''''''' '^''^ ^^is progress ; comp^^ [ ^o'^ ^ra^;-;- unconditional surrender of Fort William and r 7' I and on the ;th, gave the Nabob's T to ^.''"r/ of Hoogly to plunder and the flames ' ^''' \hus suddenly awakened to the reil,>v .r i • position, Surajah Dowlah histenoH. ^ ^''^ ccierity, as it became evident tlnf f i, . i , able Clive was mn.-. """^ ^liat the redoubt- - -'tn tlic tioups, was indignant at the LORD CLIVE. 43 cobncls lack of hardihood and enterprise; and Adnnral Watson, a rough, fearless seaman of tlic IJcnbow school, exhibited mucli angry astonishment at Chve s niactivity. Clivc remained quite unmoved by the prayers and reproaches addressed to liim ■ encamped his little army at such a distance from Calcutta as to enable him to act freely in the field and at the same time be ready to interpose immedi- ately for the protection of Fort William, should it be necessary to do so ; and reiterated his proposals for peace with the Nabob. That personage thought to amuse and deceive Clive by an apparent willingness to negotiate, whilst his army pushed on and recap- tured Calcutta. Colonel Clive opposed no obstacle to this ruse till the Nabob's troops had actually mteri)oscd themselves between the English army and the city, and pushed their advanced posts into it^. streets. He then sent a message to Surajah Uowlah, requesting him to order liis soldiers to retire from the vicinity of Calcutta, as otherwise the negotiations for peace must necessarily, and much to his, Colonel Clive's regret, be broken off. The Nabob treated Clive's implied menace with the haurrhtiest scorn, and it was with difficulty he was persuaded to allow the bearer of the message to depart ^^•ith life The Nabob did not yet know the man with whom an adverse fate had matched him. By day- break on the following morning, Clive had formed a column of 2200 men. whose steady, continuous unchecked advance clove a bloody path for them- selves through the midst of the Nabob's army to Calcutta, chased auay the intrusive soldiers posted there, and re-established the communication of the It 11 . 44 MUROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. English army with Fort William. Thi.s ficrv and accept without further delay, of Colonel dive's offer of peaee which was finally signed on Ihe folmvjng prn,c,pal conditions: The N^bob to con! firm all former privileges enjoyed by the Company • to restore the.r villages ; make compen.sation forTlI he losses, public and private, incurred cui„rt?'e war ; pass the Company's merchandise throu'l, lis err, ones duty-free; sanction the establishn,? t of IZ ", l^""" • """ '^''^' '"el' contracting party as Its own. As soon as this treaty was si<>ned SurajahDowlah withdrew with his [rmy to Mur-' shedabad, and Colonel dive's 'policy of peace' began forthwith to develop itse f. The Icad.nt. o^^TJUf '"''"'f '"*■" ""' °"'y of "><= breaking Years' War ft '"""'T'''''^ ^"°''" "^ "'= Sc^•er, Kcars War, between France and EnMand but that Co^^t'tl'l ■"'■'*'7 /°-^ "■'"" "'^ ™™-d tount Lai ly, a d.stmguished officer of the Irish bngade n> the service of Louis XV., and remarkaNe forh,s deadly hatred of the I'nglis,. was n emr ,!J for service in the Carnatic. and that a Frene,rfle ? would m all probability appear at about Te same ."ne m the Bay of Bengal. In addition to all tl" H. Bussy^ earl.er apprised of the warlike preoa 1 t.ons of France than Colonel Clive, w-as alreadvTn mouon towards the Northern Circar,, and extrenfelv desirous of concludmg a treaty, offe„,;ive aL d et^ ive, with Surajah Dowiah against the English. The .11 LORD CLIVK. 45 Nabob, Clivc also well knew, had received Bussy's overtures favourably, and hesitated only from dis- trust of the power of the French commander to effectually shield him from the enmity of the English. JJoth the Nabob and Clive, in signing the treaty of peace, had in fact done so only with a view to future war, and to gain time ; but time to the English commander was victory; to the Nabob, destruction, ruin, as Clive proposed to employ it 'Surajah Dowlah,' must have reasoned Colonel Clive— 'Surajah Dowlah may be hereafter cffec- tually dealt with, if I can first strike a decisive blow at the French in Bengal, whose numerous garrison at Chandernagore, united with the Nabob's army, and such help as Bussy could send, might prove too many for us. By making peace with Surajah Dowlah, I, at all events, tie his hands for a while ; and Chandernagore once destro^ I siiall be able to detach such a force to the Northern Circars as will give Bussy plenty of employment there, whilst I finally settle with the Nabob in such manner as policy and circumstance may dictate.' The maturely meditated plan of operations outlined by the foregoing sentences, no reproaches, no taunts of admirals or governors, no temptation of flashy successes, could divert Clive from steadily pursuing-. • It was a game of life and death we were engaged in,' he afterwards remarked, ' which a rash or timid player must have lost. I won, and therein is my justification.' Colonel dive's preparations for the attack of Chandernagore were now zealously urged forward ; and as soon as both himself and the admiral were 1 1 1 ^^BBSi 1 1 46 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. quite ready, he coolly forwarded a request to the Nabob through Mr Watts, an Englishman, whom burajah Dowlah kept at Murshedabad in a sort of honourable captivity-with Clive's connivance, by the way— for his assistance against the French in virtue of the last article of the recently concluded treaty. The Nabob was utterly confounded by the audacious requisition ; he was in active negotiation with M. Renault, the governor of Chandernagore, and was himself, moreover, menaced with an Afghan mvasion. In his perplexity, he bethought him of a counter-request for Clive's assistance against the Afghans, which would at least, he imagined, be productive of delay, if of nothing else. He was again at fault. Clive complied with his demand with the utmost promptitude; got his army m motion without an hour's unnecessary delay, and at the same time forwarded a missive to Surajah Dowlah, pointing out that it would be impossible, whilst hastening to the Nabob's assistance against the Afghans, that he could leave an enemy's garrison between his army and Calcutta, and that he should consequently, be delayed somewhat in reachino^ Murshedabad by the necessity of attacking, on his way, the French fort and settlement of Chanderna- gore ! This intimation was vigorously carried out and on the 23d of March, Chandernagore capitu- lated. The consternation which this decisive blow caused at Murshedabad may be gathered from the followino- extracts of letters from the Nabob-who had. by the by, in the meanwhile, bought off the Afghan mvasion— addressed to M. Bussy: 'What can I a i , E: :(! LORD CLIVE. 47 write of the perfidy of the English ? They have without ground picked a quarrel with M. Renault.' and taken by force his factory. They want now to quarrc w.th M. Law. your chief at Cossimbazar ; but I will take care to oppose and overthrow al the>r proceednigs. . . . Those disturbers of n.y country (the admiral and Colonel ''.e. or Saba^ Jung, 'the Daring in War'), who ' bid fortune attend, have warred against the governor of Chan- dernagore. I hope in God these English, who are unfortunate, will be punished for the dis urbancis they have raised. Be confident ; look on my forces as your own. I wrote to you before for 2000 soldiers and musqueteers under the command of tvo rusty chiefs. I persuade myself you have already sent them as I desired ; should you not, I desire you will do me the pleasure to send th^m from M^ Renault. Oblige me with frequent news of your health.' Beside the evidence of hostility disclosed by these lei crs. copies of which Mr Watts had succeeded in obtaining, the Nabob peremptorily forbade Colonel Clive to ascend farther up the river, and despatched the advanced-guard of his own a my to Plassey It was necessary, therefore, in Colonel Clives opinion, to fimsh with Surajah Dowlah as speedily as mic^ht be ; and he was meditating how best to proceed, when overtures from certain influential personages at Murshedabad reached him through Mr Watts, and he instantly bent the whole fore; of hi. astuto wl i r hn" '"''""'^ '"' consummate the conspiracy Mhich those overtures suggested. The origin and r H ' I r fl tFsmB--r.. 7 1 Mm k I, iMii !!!:;i| 48 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. motives of this may be stated as follows : Surajah Dowlah, a Mussulman prince, had put on the screw very severely, under the pretext of the cost of the war, and the indemnities arising out of it, upon certain of his rich Hindu subjects, who, as was and is their wont, conspired, now that he was about to be assailed by a powerful foe, to dethrone him, and transfer the supreme power, not to a Hindu prince— that seems never to cross the minds of the .'ibject race — but to substitute one Moslem master for another ; in this case to elevate Mir Jaffier, one of the Nabob's generals, to the vacant throne. This could only be effected with the help of the English general, and Mir Jaffier was prodigal of .agnificent promises to him and to the Company, to be realised as soon as he should be p it in possession of the deposed Nabob's treasury, which Mr Watts was persuaded to believe contained gold, silver, and jewels of the fabulous value of four millions ster- ling. The chief confidant, go-between, and, in a manner, secretary of the plotters, was a Hindu merchant, of the name of Omichand, formerly of Calcutta, but now of Murshedabad, and a close favourite of the Nabob, one of the most worthless characters to be met with even in Indian court-annals ; and he, as soon as Colonel Clive's adhesion was secured, arranged the mode of proceeding finally agreed to. This in substance was, that Colonel Clivc should declare openly against Surajah Dowlah, and march directly upon Murshedabad. The Nabob would then, of course, take the field with his whole power, and, just as the hostile forces were about to engage, Lord clive. 49 Mir Jaffier was to pass suddenly over with his division to the Engh'sh, who, aided by ti,e con sternation such a movement must necessarily excite in the Nabob's ranks, would be certain of obtaiX an easy and decisive victory. Matters were thus seUled, and Clive was about to put his troops in motion, when word was brought him that Omichand had waited upon Mr Watts at the last moment, and bluntly announced, 'that if he, Omichand, were not secured, under a sealed treaty, thirty lacs of rupees U300,ooo), he would inform the Nabob of the plot for his destruction. . .1 have all the plotters put\o death. This seen i ^c climax of Colonel Clive s well-nigh insuperau.c difficulties. Already the Com mittee of Council at Calcutta, and especial^^ Admi a Watson had demurred to his proceedings, not from t^v bH T " '" ''' morality thereof, but because hey believed success to be almost impossible; and now Omichand. in the very crisis of the enterprise, was playing him false ! ^^prise, Clive was not, however, to be turned from his purpose. He could play traitor, if that was to be the game, as well-perhaps better-than Omichand: and he immediately hit upon the device of preparing /a'^ treaties-one upon white paper for Mir Jaffier to be binding upon all parties ; another upon red paper for Omichand, containing the stipulation he insisted upon, and no^ to be acted upon when the division of the spoil should take place. The Com- mittee of Council hung back a little at first when asked to sign dofA documents ; but, ultimately, the ^Z^ f.!!?"l"?.^^^^--^ ^^-- --pies. Not so with Admiral Watson : he positively refused D to F 1 i ;iV.i ..i.n4« ^O ItEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. sign; and as sue an omission would be immediately detected by Omichand. Colonel Clive either signed the admiral's name himself, or had it signed by another person, and immediately despatched both treaties by a sure hand to Mr Watts. This breach of faith, and his after-acceptance of sums of money from a native prince, were questionable actions, and afterwards formed the subject of damaging charges agamst him. Clive's next proceeding was to write to the Nabob, r.-proaching him with his intrigues with the French, and other breaches of the late treaty, but offering to submit all matters in dispute to the arbitration of Mir Jaffier, Roydullub, and Jugget Seit— that is, the conspirators ; and if they decided in his, Colonel Clive's, favour, he should then demand satisfaction for all the losses sustained by the English, and all the charges of their army and navy ; the audacious epistle concluding with an intimation, 'that the rains being so near, and it requiring many drys to receive an answer, he, Colonel Clive, found k necessary to wait upon the Nabob immediately.' The mask and scabbard thus thrown away together Surajah Dowlah had no alternative but to accept the appeal to the sword, and on the 23d of June the hostile armies confronted each other at Plassey The Nabob's force consisted of 35,000 foot-soldiers,' 15,000 of the finest cavalry in India-Rajputs and Patans chiefly-and fifty-three pieces of cannon. Clives army amounted to 3000 men only, of all arms, with nine pieces of artillery ; but the English force, thoup-h rf>iriD-ira<-;p""'^^"°" '■"•" 'fecri;r: ■ Forward' "? 7"''^; ?'' P""'P"y ^-^l»'-n'«d : iorward! Let the whole line advance with the bayonet : the artillery on each flank !' The officers of h.s staff galloped swiftly along the ra ,ks w th h,s dec,s,.e order, and in a few nnnutes the EnS ' force debouched upon the plain-the gallant 39 h whose motto, 'Primus in Indis,' was wSn that day S ttrtofhem!"" "^^"^ '"^ -'"'"'"-- Only the French corps-a remnant of the garrison ot Chandernagore-intrenched by a redoubt raoint ■ng four pieces of cannon, waited for them. They sp.te of the,r resolute bravery, were easily swept away, and the vast Indian army immediate^ bX and fled ■„ utter confusion and discomfiture, throw" ing away thc.r arms, and abandoning camp, cannon b^ tle^Tit,'" "" ™'"^ '" "''^ "-' '™~ battle ,n Its consequences ever fought in India One considerable body of the Nabob's troops Ind been. observed, just after the French were' over thrown and victory was no longer doubtfurto detach Itself from the Indian left, and move obhque ; JaLr,wi;os;c:st^ ;:e^/:ri^e';[ of the wder of English shower, ' supcr- against crisis of aimed : ith the officers :s with -English t 39th, It day, iifident dinous LORD CLIVE. 53 to announce himself, and congratulate Colonel Clive upon his triumph. It was not the English com- manders policy to quarrel with Mir Jaffier; he was therefore received with apparent cordiality, and Battle of Plassey. directed to push on towards Murshedabad with his cavalry, Clive himself marching with 500 infantry after arranging that the main body of his army shou d fol ow by easy marches. Surajah Dowlah fled from the field upon a swift dromedary, reached his capital in safety, secreted a casket of rich gems and mimediately took boat in disguise for Patna • ■^w> 1 m 1 [I II I • i I 8 111 54 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Three days afterwards, he was overtaken, broucrht MTr Jaffien"''^''' '"' ''''''^' '^ °^^^^ ^^ The new Nabob was conducted to his throne in fu I durbar by Colonel Clive-a portentous spectac the significance of which does not appear to have been at all appreciated by the Muss'.lman and Hnidu aristocracy that witnessed it. Mir Taffier's gratitude for his elevation was unbounded : he pre- sented Colonel Clive in all with between ^2coooo and ^300.000 ; and the treasury of the fallen Nabob, about a million and a half sterling only proved utterly inadequate to the discharge of tife claims for which he bound himself. These were— ICK) lacs of rupees to the Company ; 100 lacs to he army and navy ; and 79 lacs to the sufferers by the plunder of Calcutta; in all, about ^2.700000 without reckoning the present to Clive, or the sums —;624.oooeach-subsequcntly agreed to be paid to the members of the Committee of Council. Colonel Clive, as president of that board, to receive £28000 Ultima ely, by the assistance of his co-conspirators Roydullub the finance-minister, and the rich banker Jugget Seit, Mir Jaffier managed to pay one-half of those enormous sums down ; and it was a-rccd hat the remaining moiety should be discharged in two years by equal quarterly instalments. The treaty with the Nabob stipulated in other respects for all former privileges ; the confiscation to the Company s use of the French factories and effects and that no individual of that nation should be permitted to settle in Bengal ; the Company to l^ave the absolute lordship of the district, subject LORD CLIVE. s: to the payment of a quit-rent to the granter of the country, to the south of Calcutta lying between the lake and the river, and the cost of the EngHsh troops, whenever their services were requirej, to be paid by the Nabob. All that now remained to be dealt with was the claim of Omichand, who must have listened with apprehension to the recital of the just quoted grants, lest peradventure there should not remain v/here- withal to liquidate his own modest claim of ;{:300,ooo secured by a sealed treaty. At last, the seemingly interminable list was finished, and his turn came with a vengeance. ' It is time,' said Colonel Clive in English, and as coolly as if giving the word to fire a magazine—' it is time to undeceive Omichand. Mr Scrafton, you will please to do so.' 'Omichand,' said the interpreter, addressing him in his own tongue, ' the red treaty is nothing : you will not have a rupee.' Omichand reeled as if struck by lightning, and would have fallen to the ground but for the bystanders. Colonel Clive, it is said, spoke kindly to the unfortunate man at the time, and advised him to make a pilgrimage to some holy shrine. According to some authorities, he lost his reason ancl died in a few months. Other writers do not confirm this. We must not forget to mention that the large amount of booty '^which fell to Admiral Watson's share thoroughly recon- ciled that gallant officer to the forging of his name to the red treaty by Colonel Clive. 'The admiral,' wrote Captain Latham, his private secre- tary, to the colonel, ' says you are the finest fellow in existence, and drinks your health in a bumper m i ■ ^^m ij 56 HEROICS OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. I, ( signaf.re and he ' f " "°"''S'"' W"'=°"'s from Mi^' Jaffie to rCr, "' "''"" •^^°°-°°° Maca.a.alaM;;,r„,rJ;ri.^-'rM^>^ Mir' jT^eHo^p^/erCottr C.^ '"^ "t ^-"^ turned to CalcufH on?i ^ ^"'''' '''''° '>'icl re 'Here. a,a.^tTatlt t,r T^kr^^-r^^^^^ recourse to the old e " edie n nf"™ "•°°''^' '"•"' wealthy Hindus ■ anH squcezmg his rebellion was tie 'cnn """'^rcifully. that a vicerov of o i, ''°"='^1''™<:e, which, aided by the This troublesome phase in Mif 1^,0; • r^ ■ before many month, had nf i "^ "'^""■' "'^^^ new dan""'- s^^-' Delhi, had been driven i,t'f': "• ^'P^™'' °f his fathers viz era,'d ° " '^ "^= ^""''y °f host of adven turer^ ahl "f ."■•""\'*°°« ifaHiering a displacing M affier ° V""'''' '='="'°"S'" '"m of vacant throne-f o ':,! . 't'","^ ""'"^^'f "P"" ">« have succeed d i', w h th: "'" '"= ^™"''' P^l^-'^y '•coca «(. with the viceroy of Oudh's assist- LORD CLIVE. 57 ance, but for the Nabob's unfailing friend at a pinch, Colonel Clive, who marched at once to his assistance, and sent Shah Alum's army, which was besieging Patna, to the right-about by the mere sight of his advanced guard. Clive himself received a munificent reward for this timely intervention. The quit-rent which the Company had agreed to pay for the zemindary or landholders' rights ceded to them, was ;{;30,ooo a year; and this revenue, or jaghire, the grateful Nabob transferred to Colonel Clive, who derived from it, after all fees and agencies were paid, ;^26,ooo per annum, according to his own statement. The suppression of Shah Alum's unlicensed warfare also obtained for Colonel Clive the favour of the Great Mogul himself, who was graciously pleased to confer upon 'The Most High and Mighty Potentate, Colonel Sabat Jung,' the high dignity of an Omrahi and the command— titular, of course— of 5000 horse and 7000 foot. An imperial missive further assured the honoured colonel that he was under the shadow of the favour of the Magnificent Emperor, who would, moreover condescend to see him at Delhi— an invita- tion which was respectfully declined; Whilst these events were passing in IkMigal, a fierce, but, in Clive's opinion, not for a moment doubtful contest was going on in the Carnatic and the Northern Circars. M. Bussy, aided by the Subahdar of the Deccan, captured the English settlement of Vizagapatam, and swept the Circ. s with fire and sword, for a brief time unchecked. Count Lally J- id arrived out with a large force, captured Eort St David after 9. shamefully feeble fl 58 IIKROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. defcnce, and was bcsicgi,,,; Madras, the authorities where, clamoured vociferously for Clive's presence there w.tii I„s army, Clive was deaf ahke to tl dr self Sdl Chve held himself ready to internnsi should it be necessary to do so and nr "^ despatched Colonel l-Vde a von,;„ / , "^ officei- fn fl,„ r- . , young and dar nt; inlantry and a tram of artillery. Forde's march was a tr,un,phal one throughout. He retook Vi'a gapatam ; overthrew the Marquis of rn,,n t had succeeded to Bus.sys conSd. Ra m'.dTy" drove imn ,n,o Masulipatam, which he sto med at n .dn,ght, and with such audacity and succe s thnr w*e„ daylight broke, it was found tha 303, ,, ' of w,om 500 were European.,, had laid dow^ 2 arms to 900 1 The Subahdar of the Ueccan was so astounded by these events, that he haste dT propose a treaty of peace, by which the French M,e eLi si, "''""r-" """'■•>'• "'"^ «ded to Carnatt '" ant.cij.ations relative to the Carnat.e were also fully and speedily realised Coun Lally, compelled to retire from before Madras' c : tuir; 1 7 ,'■" r?."'''^""^^' -'-r uhtate^ m I nam had pa.s.sed an\qv rr^,,,^i t v returninp- tn Fra..^^ . . ^cmy, upon ^g to Fran ce, was accused of having so/c^ LORD CLIVE. 59 Pondicherry to the English, passed tlirough a mock- trial, was condemned, and executed! 'A murder,' Voltaire truly remarked, 'committed by the sword of Justice.' Colonel Clive now thought of returning to England : he was immensely rich— to the extent of ^40,000 a year by his own admission, 'lah' is much again in the opinion of others— whf.M an ur looked for and menacing complication in the p« 'itical affairs of Bengal compelled the postponeme. t <^f ;.is de- parture, and in the end enabled him to .onsummate the chief aim and purpose of his Indian policy— that of permitting no European nation, save England, to hold dominion or even locate itself in India. The Dutch factory at Chinsura, considerably higher up the lioogly than Calcutta, remained unmolested during the internecine strife so long raging in Bengal ; but now that tranquillity was restored, the Dutch suddenly bethought themselves that they too might as well essay what could be done in the way of profitable spccu'iation by a few thousand European bayonets in the rich country, whose wealth the unmilitary spirit of the inhabitants placed at the disposal of whoever was strong and unscrupulous enough to take it. They had not yet recognised the new Nabob of Bengal, whose grant of the saltpetre monopoly to the English had especi- ally annoyed them ; and in order to a full redress of grievances, a force of about 2cxdo Dutch troops, well supplied with artillery, assembled in Batavia, and embarked in five ships of war, which, in October 1758, made their appearance in the Hoogly, with the avowed intention of sailing up to Chinsura, and ■ m (i h.i 6o HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. causing the Dutch power to be respected CV • was plain, had no Jec^al ri<.hf ^n F f \ ^^'''^' '^ troops the Dutch shou M ^Ll Tct '°" "^">' England and Holland bein 1? "'"'^ ' ^"^ to be supposed tC heTv^,^ ^7^'/;- hardly declare war uDnn „ p ^ '">'" motbn, Those who thus " ',. 1°"'";. ""^ '■""""y power Without :ZZ,7:tt7 T "' ColonerChVe. Dutch co„,n,odore t at T C' f '""' ''""^ '° "■= the river, he wouW n'tal " l^^^^ '""'"" "P rapid arming of the onltH, I , '"'" ' ""'' "i« Koogly_tl,eri.L ., '^"^ ^"-^"'' '='"'P^ ■•» the 3h^vedthathelea;rtrtr;air''^"'^"-^°-- appealed ^tl^nUZT' !,""''^ ^^"'onstrated, &c. : they n.i.'l " asln i' " '°™"y "^ "^tions. Vedas: Clive vas fi,M '^''' ''PP'^^''^'' to the D"tehashelX'h[,r^tVrf^ '* '"^ they would disembarl,- H, . ' "^ '^""""S that overland to CI h"ura he T"^'' ""'' '"'"•<^'> "'em the riverwith "Zne,^^ •^°'°"'' ''°"'' ^=™- they attempt to d^^so H 'J^'P" ""^'"' ^''ould usual, antic'ipXd t,: efelu " T?^^ T^'^''^^' ^^ landed, and he ^v.Tlu ^'"^ °"tch troops when a not. was bToSfh? V'''"" °"' '^"""g, '0 the effect, 41,^""?' , j'^d o';^ ''"°"^' ^°^''' council, he would attarl- f T. ^ "" order i„ prospect of Z:^ t "n r"' 0^:"' 'f '^ ^^'^ "Imness, imn,ediately\ ote uDon ' ,"" ' ''''^^ ^- o.e,ed^ t,:\r:-;-r:^' rdr:d LORD CLIVE. 6i decisive ; and amongst the prisoners were the Dutch commander-in-chief and fourteen superior officers rorde next invested Chinsura, whilst Clive fou' ''^^ '" ^ disastrous a state of affairs were upon the surface, and may be summed up in a few words, ■ Privat^ trade " a^ o .-Ztrd't; 7,^ °;f ^™'= •— "oVmlsd;,-: d hI? 1 following circumstances. The duties on the transit of goods from one district or provn,ce of India to another, furnished the eh e revenues of its nnnrpc -^^a c vy. IL3 princes, and of coursp nr^oc;^.,«j much nconvenience and delay by I e fc s^s" v unpachng and examination of all merchandle cross ■ng the nunnerous cu.stom-house frontier-lines ot of the privileges obtained by the English rL was, that their goods, whfch eon i^ 1 eZ'o^ foreign articles for consumption in India o of ndian produce for exportation, none of "rtfch we°e I'able to transit duties, si.ouid be protected from examination by their Att „,- v.,, }.,, °^ signed by one'^f their cferls^w"^' 'f™"> this privilege, clerkrLto er, tnteSd'int "" °' c"vTf='e'f °"^ ■■" '"^ "o^dr:. h"'- ..«...; to native-t;ade^rthe;:^reTrg%h:L' LORD CLlVE. 63 from the payment of any duties whatever The consequence of these constantly increasing frauds vvas, that Mir Jaffier was incapable of liquidating the sums in which he was indebted to the Company*^ whereupon Mr Vansittart, the governor, and his council, opened negotiations with Cossim Ali, Mir Jaffier's son-in-law. which resulted in the deposition of the defaulting Nabob, and the placing Cossim Ah on his throne, upon the latter agreeing to cede certain districts to the English, and to present the members of the council with the sum of ;^2ooooo of which the governor's share was ^28,000, and to pay Mir Jafifier such a pension as would enable him to live respectably in Calcutta as a private citizen. _ The 'private trade' frauds continuing, it was as impossible for Cossim Ali to raise a sufficient revenue as it had been for his father-in-law ; and the issue of the violent disputes that ensued between him and the Calcutta council was, a furious outbreak at Patna, resulting in the massacre of 150 British subjects, of whom forty were officers of the Com- pany, and the flight of Cossim Ali into the territory of the viceroy of Oudh. Mir Jaffier was a^ain a bidder for the throne, and his offers being considered sufficiently liberal, he was reinstated. He did not long survive his restoration; and one of his last acts was to bequeath the sum of ;^7o,ooo to Lord Chve, which large amount his lordship transferred to the Court of Directors, under trust for the creation of a fund from which the disabled servants of the Company might be pensioned. The death of Mir Jaffier made way for the elevation of his son to the <54 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE Whilst the servants of the Company were thus shamelessly enriching themselves, the public trea u^ of Calcutta was dwindlin.^ to a ,f J,. Tf "'^^'"7 bankruptcy; and Lord Chve was ' as pt™ "ed upon to proceed to Bengal, armed with ch powers ;Th int'r ""''''■ ™='"'= '"™ '° crush cStu ricL , ^ °"' 7'"="' "'"'^'' '™= desolating the r chest provmces of India, and dishonouring the Lnghsh name. He arrived in India at the end of Apr, ,765, and immediately, and with a wm apphed Inmself „ the work of ^;form. 'if I v^e ^ o pan,t to you,' wrote Lord Clive, -the ana^chv and confus,on which reigned in these rich pro" nef «c e™" heir^aT""'"'- "^"^ '^°"P-'« ^^s r , '"" easp, not from our enemies h„t fmm he universal licentiousness which had "err'n the whole settlement of Calcutta.' The -private ot ™d d"'-^"^^ ^' °"^^ P"' 'i-™ -SlThe off fS giand™!, "S.r'd"™', ""''' "" ^''■■PP'"e actively or nn. , '^'"''^'^ °PP°'^'= "'C-iiselves nT,lT ^1 ,P^''"^'-''y 'o his measures. He further tt a mv ", 'T'^S^"' ■•'"°™"-s claimed ; d^ble Ltf" "" T" °' '"'""''' batta,' which oouble batta ,ncrca,sed a captain's pay, when in active .service, to about ;fiooo a venr ,T," • sten „.),;,.i, 11^ .»:,iuuu a year — a decisive Ben^a ^U ° ''' """"^ "^ ""= ""^"rs of the Jien„al amy, who entered into a consniracv t„ esign the. commissions on a given day, a ^Mahrat a iney Jiad not taken the true measute i H LORD CLIVE. 65 I of the man they ventured to defy. Mr Mills, who will not be accused of partiality for Lord Clive, remarks : ' Thir, was one of those occasions in which he was admirably calculated to act with success. Resolute and daring, fear never turned hin aside from his purpose, or deprived him of the most collected exertions of his mind in the greatest emer- gencies. To submit to the violent demands of a body of armed men, was to resign the government.' Lord Clive would much more readily have resigned his life than the trust which he had accepted, and he encountered the military rebellion firmly as prudently: the timid and misguided amongst the conspirators were awed or shamed into submission ; the ringleaders, amongst whom was General Sir Robert Fletcher, were arrested, brought to trial, and dismissed the service with ignominy. In less than eighteen months this extraordinary man had restored perfect order and discipline in both the civil and military services, and brought back prosperity to the well-nigh ruined finances of the Company As to the young Nabob, Najum ud Dowlah. Lord Clive decided that it would be best even for himself to transfer openly his nominal revenues to the Com- pany, thereby relieving him of obligations he could never fulfil, and obtaining an assured income, suffi- cient to defray the cost of his court and guards. Subsequently, Lord Clive obtained the formal con- sent of the emperor of Delhi to this arrangement, which so delighted the young Nabob, thus pen- sioned into insignificance, that he joyfullv exclaimed upon its final settlement: 'Thank God! I shall now have as many nautches as I please!' Clive E 66 ii : i i HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. m qutaed India for the third a„d last Ume nlkhcd '7^ r'rr'' '" '■"'' ""dertakeu well accom- phbhed, Lord Chvo returned hon,,. only h> n.eet w.th ,„s„lt and persecution front tl.e Com, .„; . had served so well, and never so well or so a' " ; upon tl„s last oecasion. The numerous miliur; and c,v,! officers he had been compelled to d s,^w'^ and send honte, ..clpe,! to swell' the anco ou clamour ratsed asai,«t !,.„ „„ all sides. There was no fable too gr..-,,, „„ i„iq„it ,„„ ^.J^^^ fo h,s enem,es to ir.ve.t and accuse him of fo ml M- "'""""'''-■ '° ^"••"1"" «"d behave and the pubhe mind was gradually worked uo to a frenzy o fear and hatred of the'^rich nabobs Is le men who had ntade fortunes in India bega; to V >mv1; de ' f'"' ''"' ■'>'" s^- "— ■ t the ill r " ; ""■'•'"^ "■•^to'-y of Burke, and barbed T.U ,»''"""« '"■'•ows of Sheridan's rhetoric he It t™' ,: '^""" "^'""Ss. The clamo tof theVo'use ofT""'"'"' "■"' ^ ''''''' ^""""'^e of tic condition of iir.t.sh affairs in India' before vhon, Lord Clivc was examined, 'as if he "ad been a sheep-stealer.' The accusations fi, ally reh d rnni ""■",' ''"'^°^"'' "■'■° "■crcupon'mo ed 1 r ;, ie Inl "°"-' T'"'' '-°"' Clive, were the b. tie of r^., ''""7f '""^ ^^" J^ffi" ^ftor the n „ e tl H T '"'■ "'' "'Snins Admiral Watson's tl Lt, VI ,T'y- ^"' C'ive acknowledged tiic facts, and boldly defenc: . his conduct in both ft m 'tei as \m 1 ! I 1 LORD CLIVE. 69 instances The presents he received he had made no secret of. and //..;; it was perfectly legal to receive such presents: 'And, sir,' said Lord Clive. 'wh?n T .f""' '"^ addressing the Speaker, when I recollect entering the Nabobs treasury a Murshedabad with heaps of gold and silver to the right and left, and these crowned with jewels' -stnkmg his hand violently upon his forehead ^n.ll r ^•'^.^'ii'^^d ^t my own moderation!' Fmally. General Burgoynes criminating resolutions were rejected and the following innocuous ones adopted ,n the.r stead : < That it appears to this House that the Right Honourable Robert Clive. Baron of P lassey in the kingdom of Ireland, about the .me of the deposition of Surajah Dowlah and the estabh'shment of Mir Jaffier on the mus. nud. did obtain and possess himself of two lacs of rupees, as commander-in-chief; a further sum of two lacs and 80.000 rupees as member of the select committee ; and a further sum of sixteen lacs, or more, under the denomination of a private donation, which sums were of the value of ;^2^oooo• and that Lord Clive did. at the same time^'re'nT; great and meritorious services to his country' During the remainder of the session of parliament. Lord Clive remained in town at his princely mansion HI Berkeley Square ; but the Houses were no sooner up. and all antagonism at an end. than he hurried from place to place as if afraid of rest, of silence of himse f First he went to his hou e at Bath' next to his palace of Clare.., nt ; the walls of whkh we are told, the peasantry whispered to each other' the great, wicked lord had built so thick to keep 76 HEROES OF ROMANTrC ADVENTURE, out the devil, ,o when, l,e had sold himself: The subieet bf''"°" •" "'"'^'' '"^ '«'' ="' ="°ng been at ivalco SI 1 r '"'T'^ '"'""^'f '° '"•' b°"== goo,,; fif,:""' °l'P^"-d -i'h one of those t'oomy Ms n,!ich cicompasscd him as u-itl. , t'h etu:;...,"\,f -^'"^^ ^°-- '='"/o„ r isi ;.o4h « i..;ri„-rL^i;.;ir.r:!r;t- he m,ght h,s quietus ,naU with that poor weapoi of PhZ'"tf' ^™-""^^' '^°''-'' Lord'ciiv: ;r ; it wa had „t J ■ '"^"•""'cnt of death, tiny as was d 'ne! T e :: „ ™: '''T "'"'-'"' "'^^ the manner „r rr f ? confl.c.ng aceounts of as ^ere'rotLrr:arbr■r^=.:rr '■^"^"'•^^• C.. account says h^e Sied I '^'^^^^ wllcot'paS "■ ""'"" ^' '"' S"™P'I"- -at, Td M .^''""^"'•J'. and lord-lieutenan. of .alon and Montgomeryshire. His eldest s- Eduard was created Earl of Powis Ladv A ^.'^' her husband for many yea^s! ^ ' '""^ Mr W. P Reach, who visited the village of Moreton Say, near .Market-Drayton, about , 878:.,ays1n vj- """ ^"'"" <'««S). 'bat .it is but a short Itanc^ JLOJ3E. '! LORD CLIVE. 71 from Styche the birthplace of Clive. and the church of^ Moreton-Say has Clive'.s grave witlii.i its walls. H.s body lies under the pavement of the aisle and near o the south door. Although there are several niural monunients in memory of different members of the Cl.ve family, I was surprised that there was no nid.cat.on of the burial-place of the hero of Plassey. except a pair of rusty spurs a ; gauntlets on the wall near the grave, but no tablet or inscrip- tion of any k-md. On the occasion of this and subsequent visits I so strongly expressed my surprise that I thmk ,t led to something being done At anyrate there is no.v an unpretentious but neat mural bra ; plate over his ojave. •The re. r of that time wa:: an old man named Upton, smcti dead. He told me that he had been m the parish , curate, xicar. and (after it was turned mto a rectory^ as rector for more than half a century ; that he i ' seen the coffin of Clive and the mscnption-plate oi, tlv occasion of putting some heatmg apparatus in the church and the consequent removmg of the pavement, &c. of the aisle. He also told me that on his coming to the parish fifty years ago (sixty now or more) he found a very old man there as sexton and bell-ringer. This sexton stated that he himself foiled the bell on the occasion of Chves funeral, and that the funeral took place in the dead of night. Clive died (by his own hand) at Ills bouth Shropshire residence. ' The present rector of Morcton-Say kindly showed me the register and the entry of Clive's baptism, :, ^i"^. ^V^ °^'^ "^ ^I's funeral. Strange to say, the ofificiatng curate of Moreton-Say at the time 73 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE ^reat-,.andso„ of Robert^'S CHve ' °"" "^' Wd Macaulay lias left it on record that TI.W I'J^e most men who are born with strnno. ' and tried bv ^^rr.nrr * J - strong passions cluced a man more truly crreit ..;h,«. • ^ rniin,>;i' T-i . ""V great cither in arms or in Clive it was gave England India . . fc I I I: ).' ■■ - lift i ! Captain John Snulli. i CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, FOUNDFR OF THE COLONY OF VIRGINIA. EW men in any age or country were ever engaged in more surprising adventures, or exhibited greater fertility of resources, or bore up against evil fortune with a braver spirit than Captain John Smith. The incidents in his story are so extraordinary and startling, that the boldest fiction would scarcely dare to imitate it. What happened to him would suffice to impart interest to the lives of a hundijd romantic adventurers. It seems likely however, that he embellished and magnified many of his adventures, and this must be kept in mind while reading the account of his exploits. Fortune seemed to lavish all her choicest caprices in her dealings with him. By land and sea, in war and peace, in freedom and captivity, in the decayincr civilisation of the Old World, in the fresh and fierce savagery of the New, in the depths of poverty, in the elevation of honour and power— he gave proof of being equal to all conditions. He was an English- man in the finest sense of the word. Nothing could subdue his intrepid courage ; nothing could corrupt I ih' ■ r 76 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE at lenfTth thrr,„rrU , ' ^"" contrived connect his name ^vhh X 1 ^lifficulties. to States-a istorv Xh ^''°-^ °^ '^'' ^"'^'^ John Smith was born at WilIoiic.hbv in T Jn. . He became a scholf" f^ Z , f L""=°''«W'-e- Alford and Lou 1, hI is "rcf^ "'^, ""°°'^ "^ graphy, to info™ us That his Lfh '! ""°'^''''- from .he ancient Smi , f of Cru le; rV^^^^'^^d and his mother from th/p.vi^ J ^' V.^""'''"''^' in YorI«hire Tn ^V "''' °' '^'■^»' H«cK-, copy Of verses addSt°:r~d;:r^^^ rar;te::drr'^ ^ ""■^'' for%he^Ltme: ni)!>4.-j fi- • I icsLitss spirits rons^ap*-'" quiLtcu their homes in searrii «r r .. --*-^— "-/ bearcn of fortune or glory, CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 77 and too frequently found obscure graves in distant ands. Recent discoveries appeared to have enlarged the hm.ts of the universe-golden visions of power and fortune dazzled the imagination of the whole civilised world-men thought of nothing but the planting of colonies and the founding of empires- everything seemed possible to a strong hand and a sharp sword-and it was not until age and experience had taught their saddening lessons, that the intrepid visionaries relinquished their hopes, and returned perhaps to end their days in dreary obscurity by their paternal firesides. ^ Defoe had, in all likelihood, carefully studied the history of John Smith before he planned his romance of Robinson Crusoe. At all events, the descendant of the Smiths and the Rickards bore a strong resemblance to that renowned personage, and at a very early age formed the design of running away from home, and going, as the phrase is, to sea In order to check this disposition, he was, at the age of fifteen, apprenticed to Mr Thomas Sendall, a merchant of Lynn; but not finding a tall stool and a desk at all suited to his taste, John took French-leave of his master, and accompanied the second son of Lord VVilloughby to Orleans. His youth, probably, stood somewhat in his way on this occasion. His patrons soon found out. it seems, tha they could make no use of him. and therefore, in the course of a month or six weeks, dismissed him. very much chop-fallen ; but the indefatigable John was not to be discouraged. He had evidently made Ins guardians uncomr<,rtable ; and in order to nd themselves of what, no doubt, they considered a I '\ IN 78 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. nuisance, they had given him at parting, out of his wTh T'u'u^'" niagnificent sum of ten sluUings. w.tl which he resolved to carve his fortunes in the world. He returned to Paris, went to Havre, and h.s money beuig spent, he learned to be a soldier under Henry IV. of France. He repaired afterwards to the Low Countries, where, during the space of four years, he served under the command of Captain Joseph Duxbury. and hacked and hewed, and per- formed numerous deeds of gallantry, which history has perversely passed over in silence. ^ Before entering upon this service. Smith had met m Pans one David Hume, who gave him letters to h s r,ends m Scotland, with a design of recommend- ing the young adventurer to King James. During his first warlike fit, this epistolary wealth lay neglected • but growing weary of hard knocks, with little corre- sponding profit, our hero took his leave of the Low Countries and proceeded to Scotland. sufTering ship- wreck and a severe fit of sickness on the journey Here he met with much hospitality, indeed, but found he way to court closed against him. He returned therefore, to Willoughby. in Lincolnshire, where he gave the „e ghbourhood a taste of his' humour not at all calculated to augment his reputation for prudence. England, to be sure, was in'those "ays a half-savage country, abounding with woods 7h r vr "^^y o^^^rrence. John hit upon a scheme of life which, at the present day perhaps would be thought Quixotic even in the mLt out-' landish places. On fir^t arriving at liis native place, the good Oil- CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. . ya folks mi^le a lion of hi,,,, and glutted hi,„ with too defeht'°Hr.r' r' "■' .'I'' "<= ^^y=' '- '-'' -a^ dehght. He therefore yielded to his solitary instincts and .nstead of taking lodgings at a n.illL 's , a fc floor at Willougl,by, he rethed to a little wo^dy many hundred acres of forest. Here bv a foi^ brook he built a pavilion of boughs, X'reX avoid al dealings w.th upholsterers, he slept in his clothes H, grand object at this time was to make progress wo studies-war and morals ; things extremelv I'ttle n,c i„ed to go together, fie therefore nor d ncessantly over Machiavelli and Marcus AurelUs and thus probably laid the foundation of that brU ant success ,„ the field, and that stoical integrity al Mtuat.ons, for which John Smith deserL to be remembered for eve,-. At the same tin I.it must rat er to the savage than to i^ ^rv ,™d taT He ook-ed upon the earth as a large don.ain, besto«"d vrntTl' l'' "''°" f ^"^"■■^ ="■"'-'. "'.o might without blame, make use freely of what they found m the,r way. In other words, John indulged a tole m poach,ng-„ot personally, but by proxy; for he had a n,an w.th him, who, while he was deep i,t Marcus Aureliuss ethics, or Machiavellis art of wa strolled w,th bag and fowling-piece about the counTry brought home venison, and made him savoury meat^' such as John delighted in. ^ ' We should do him great injustice, however if we .magn.d that in this rctirenient, he warsati^d Mtn books and ven,son. He l,ad along with hin, a fine ho,se, and when tired of turning ov'c r the p;:^es 8o HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. f'l Of the Florentine secretary, he mounted this fiery animal, and amused himself with lance and ring His strange manner of life soon rendered him an object of great interest to the whole neighbourhood. 1 he portly squires and fair dames spoke by their firesides of the wild soldier who had come hither, surrounded by an atmosphere of romance, from beyond sea; and through their intervention a cornpanion was found for him, from whom he pro- bably derived much advantage. This was Teodoro I'olaloga, a noble Italian gentleman, and excellent horseman— rider, as he was called, to the Earl of Lmcoln. With this foreigner Smith was pleased to converse ; and in order to enjoy his society, he aban- doned his pavilion of boughs, and went to reside at Tattersall. But so peaceful a course of life soon ceased to have any charms. He longed to be engaged in some great theatre of war, in which he could display his knowledge and valour ; and as the Turks were at that time ravaging Hungary, he formed the design of joining the Christian army, and rising to distinc- tion by exhibiting his prowess against the infidels. In the prosecution of this plan, however, he soon showed how little he had profited by the study of Machiavelli. He might, indeed, have learned how to draw out a squadron in the field ; but in the far more difficult art of divining the characters of men, and defending himself from their villainy, he was still a child. On board a ship bound for France, he fell in with four adventurers, who, seeing him elegantly attired, immediately formed a scheme for enriching themselves by his plunder. One, there- CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH g, accenciants They undertook to introduce Smith to w° r „^"t.tf ;:rr\'^' -^^^ fn\^«„ , ' "° ^^'^^ '" league with him sjr. • z vs' ,.- - s .i relatives of the robbers resided. In all this part of France, Smith was received with great hospitality, and might probably h^ve spent entertained by one nobleman after another had C VVthTu^hV^H '"^ ^'"=''^'"^"' °f trave."'„d1var he retnrnidT !,"''? '"PP'''='' '° I'''™' ""^--efore, he returned towards the sea-coast, and, travellin,^ wLrr u 7 • " apparently cared not whither When he had seen the end of his purse, weariness F h a If 8^ HEROES OP ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. and hunger overtook him while travelling through a forest. Exhaustion would not permit him to pro- ceed any further. He laid himself down, therefore, under a tree, beside a fountain, apparently intending to remain there and die in peace: but a good Samaritan came up, in the shape of a rich farmer, who bore him to his dwelling, treated him kindly, and placed him in a position to pursue his adven- tures with renewed vigour. ^ Smith's study of Marcus Aurelius had not made him a stoic. While yet smarting with the remem- brance of his injuries, he met in a forest one of the four villains who a short time before had robbed him at St Valery-sur-Somme. The wretch had been reduced to the greatest poverty, though, partly for his own protection, partly for the purpose of replen- ishing his purse at intervals, he still wore a sword. Our fiery countryman, being equally well armed, drew upon him immediately ; and while the inhabit- ants of the neighbourhood rushed to the top of an old ruined tower to behold the conflict, the two adventurers exhibited all the resources of their skill and courage in defence of their lives. Fortune does not always declare on the side of justice, though, in the present case, she showed herself to be in an equitable humour. The robber fell ; and Smith had the satisfaction of hearing him confess before several witnesses, that he had been engaged in the trans- action at St Valery, though he denied having in any degree profited by the theft. Smith now travelled through the western and southern provinces of France ; visited the kingdom.s of Beam and Navarre, and at length arrived at ill CAPTAIN J0IL\ SMITH. S3 Marseilles, where he embarked for Italy on board a vessel filled with pilgrims proceeding to the shrine of our Lady of Loretto. Being a sturdy Protestant, he soon found himself engaged in fierce disputes.' Elizabeth was at that time carrying on with fire and sword the work of the Reformation in England, which inspired the continental papists with a bitter hatred of her and her subjects. Smith therefore exposed himself to the greatest danger by assailing the Church of Rome in such company. He was regarded as a sort of Jonah, with whom it was unsafe to traverse the deep; so the pilgrims forced the captain to throw him overboard. Providence, how- ever, still M atchcd over him, and he made his way by swimming to the little island of St Mary, which, though stocked with goats and cattle, contained no inhabitants. Next day, he got on board a ship which had been driven into the island by a storm, and finding the captain, La Roche, to be an acquaintance of some of his friends in Brittany, he told his story and was most hospitably entertained. The gallant Breton, his host, seems to have been half-merchant, half- pirate. Smith, without hesitation, joined himself to his fortunes; and sweeping down along the shores of Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily, they passed over into the Gulf of Tunis, sailed along the coast of Africa, touched at Alexandria, visited Scanderoon, and then returning through the Gre cian Archipelago, they arrived in the mouth of the Adriatic, Here they fell in with a Venetian argosy, and France being then at war with the Republic, they attacked, and after a long and W: llf I ■' ^li H HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. bloody engagement, took the vessel, and plundered It After IMS adventure, on which, following the adv,ce of 'honest lago,' they put money in ^their purses, Snmh and his friend La Roehe retraced the course and after making the circuit of Sicily pro- ceeded northwards till they reached the Roads of Ant.bes. where, apparently at his own request, our hero was put on shore. John Smith now found himself master of coo zcclnns, together with a box containing as n.any more, which, as he quaintly and mysteriously expresses ,t-God sent hin. With ,000 zechin^ in his possession, he considered himself equal to any fortune, and deter. ',i red to see the world like a gen leman. It wouhl . jaire fer too much space to fbl ow hini muiutcH- hr.ugh all his subsequent adventures The most w. can do is to pick him up here and there where the character of his narrative appears most interesting. When a man is fortunate and a his ease, there is little more to do than simply to state the fact. Good-fortune is extremely pleas- ant to enjoy, but equally insipid in description, i^torms. tempests, massacres, hair-breadth escapes sangmnary battles, shipwrecks, starvation, violent deaths- hese are the materials of history and bio- graphy that quicken the reader's pulse, and make h'-s heart beat with interest and sympathy Let us, however, allow John Smith to describe in where it was his chance to see Pope Clement VIII v^h many cardinals, creep up the holy stairs, which they say are those our Saviour Christ went up to Pontius Pilate, where, blood falling from his head CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 35 d-'re ™ but r 1 '? "^ ■''''■'• "P"" "■"" "°'> ^• u.ire go but in tliat manner ; sayinir so minv -,,„. manes and paternosters as is 'tl Jr levSioT ^,d , „ knee bu rliv r?V"" "'"='' ^■"'' '"■•'>' E"' "^-"l "^ Kneel, but div.dcd from the lioly stairs by two walls R Sl>t agan,st then, is a chapel, where han,.s a ^ eat Iver an,p which burneth continually, yet thev sav the 0,1 neither inereascth nor diminisi.eth ' ^ ^ Having gratified his curiosity in Italy, he em- barked at Venice, and sailing down the A Irhtic „ Ragusa. proceeded thcnee to Gratz, in Styria, w'he e Aust a, af tenvards emperor. It would be tedious to follow hun through all his military career He d«t.ngu,shed himself by great perso.ul gal antry by the invention of stratagems and telegnfphs a id was by degrees promoted to the rank'of c^ta f Had he kept a journal at this period of his life a"d afterwards published it, we should doubtless ,"ow have read it with extraordinary interest But iH we have left us is a brief outliL of Ss e i J enough in itself, but very far from satisfacto;y Tl e Christians were at that time engaged in cheeking he progress westward of the Moliamniedan :r ; which ir° 7 °'"''^. ""^ Si-eat battle-field on which the adherents of both creeds exhibited their Some of the incidents of this war belonged pro- periy to chivalrous times. While the armies lav n nSL °.'!'er. ".trenching themselves, and making preparations for war in due form, the mors I . •! i 1 1 i f^' \ ..,JA l;;|Hr i IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1= 11.25 M U IIIIII.6 PhotDgtdpiiic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 tl'l 'I ' I t t i ij i' I! : 86 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. impatient spirits amused themselves with sending challenges to each other, in order to bring abou^t single combats, for the recreation, as they expressed it, of the ladies. A Turkish officer, who is called Turbisha in the narrative, invited some persons of corresponding rank ^- engage with him in a passage Captain Smith victorious over the Turk. of arms before Regal. The Christian officers cast lots, and the chance fell upon Smith, who, mounted on a powerful charger, proceeded, lance in hand, and accompanied by a page, to encounter the Moslem hero. The ramparts of Regal (Stuhlweissenburg, in Piungary) were lined, he says, with ladies, while the Christian host stood in battalions on the plain, to observe the conduct of their own champion. The appearance of the Turk was extraordinary. • With a noise of hautboys, he entered th;; fteli wdl mounted CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 87 and armed ; on his shoulders were fixed a pair of great v.ings, compacted of eagles' feathers within a ridge of silver, richly garnished with gold and precious stones.' The combat was not of long duration. With that impetuosity which characterised the soldiers of the West, Smith, making a sudden rush against the Osmanli, pierced him through the head at the first charge. The body then tumbled to the earth, and Smith descending, decapitated it, and then bore the bloody trophy to his general, who received it with praise and admiration. Instead, however, of being discouraged, the Osmanlis were only excited to emula'iion by this catastrophe. A second challenge was on the day following sent to the Christian camp, but this time not addressed to the officers in general, but in par- ticular to Smith. The challenger staked his head, with his horse and armour, in the hope of avenging the death of his friend. Our countryman readily consented to meet the enraged Moslem ; and on the appearance of the combatants on the field, the trumpets sounded, and they rushed impetuously against each other. Their lances, which would appear to have been made of extremely brittls wood, were soon sliivered, upon which they drew their pistols, and discharged them at eacn other. The Turk's ball hit Smith on that part of the armour called the placard. At the very next shot, he himself, however, was wounded through the arm, and tumbled from his horse, upon which the gallant Christian descended, again decapitated his foe, and returned in triu to his friends, mph with horse and armour 88 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. «i t the fan£s«c ,al:„11'fTe't° '^^r"^''^'' '" Turkish ladies, .l°at he was l^''- ""= '°''' "^-^ their servants or nf fhl ' ^° enamoured of ■-■vaius, or 01 their servants hMHs o= .„ r to return the ttto he haH f!l : '° '''^'^^^^ champion would com^ . f ^ ' P'""''"'' * ""'^d them'^back "h TU"' ™f """-'^'k- to carry down was taken Z h V> ^''^'' "'"' "'™>™ bestows the comic n^^ '" ?T"''- °" ^''°"' !>= worthy believerTnIhe kT ^"^■"^'gro. This adversary tCeitLr of fh.7" ^'°"''^ ' '" '""S^'' the usc^ofla^: ll'J^tTt'r- ".^declined fate to pistol batfll^,!. ^'^™ '"« decision of his those days no revoltrs ■ ""' '"'T'^- ^^ey had in after the"^ first hot '^"coT '""''''= ''"^^'^^ '°' battle-axes and stma ;°"'>="^"'s '"ok to their each other ' At ,e if slTthT t' h™^ "^^"^^'^ « appeared to be at the merT- nf ?f ' r" """P""' =""■ a shout was raised tmlh/ Iplrtf of T' ""':; f^^«irr;e^-rf5T?- along with him the head of the third T ^"'",^ acknow edffment of th,., ^- .• ", ™ ^urk. In mund. Duke o? Transl '^""'''^ '""«• Sfeis- to wear three Turk? hl^"' ^"'^ *""' P^'nis^on and swore^Ll-tftert; Z^ZLVl''^'''' colours. He beside, h.c*- ^ f '" ^'^ o^^'" set in .old/an'drplsSriife^fToo'V"?^'' year. "^ 300 ducats a Tile war with the Tn-l- - tne luxk:. proceeding, Smith CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 89 his fncT^nnif r ^ ^ courage, sometimes by h.s .ngenuity : for example, a little before the battle the entmys cavalry, which seems greatly to have recommended him to the Austrian geLral Havin ' and fixed them on the hauU nf i^n \, ^'^^' i..-.,^i^j J • "taas ot lances, thev were kindled durmg a ni-^ht-atf-irl- nn,i *i "^ «.i, t /I '"d'^t-tiiuick, and threw arounH them such flames and sparkles as fh/ri, ? inght, and ciarg.nt; IhUkt arui thither amon<. tiieir own ranks, threw then, into inextricable 00"^™ and occasioned a prcci,,itate retreat, '°"'"-™' While reflating the events of this war, Smith seems to have been bctraved intn -. „ . humour All 1,- '^ " ^'y sangumary numour. All his p„^res savour of death and slaughter, and he occasionally becomes cLuem ... his description of battle-fields. At len^h low ever, fortune utterly deserted him, and he was S St etched among the dead and dying, wl,ere he Hlagers found him when they came' o rifle t t field. Conceiving, by hi.s armour and appearance hat a considerable sun, might be obtafed fo?" s' ransom, they ..pared his life, and carried hto awal s::r;pite;' n^'" ""''■ "» "^■" - -'= -«• -- c':;7ii^;rATr:at,iir''' "- '— «'^ -^ -•- Here he found himself in the service of a ladv young and beautiful, on wl.n.n i,, UcZ L ^' of C'hamfr^o T 1 . " 7 ■ "- DCatuus the name Qt Ch^r^tza Tragab.gzanda. Her husband, wlw r : .! 'V' . ' \ ■J , . 1! •■ 1 i, i 90 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE, desired to pass with her as a hero, had boasted in h.^ let ers that Smith was a great Bohemian lord, whom he had taken with his own hand in the field and by whose ransom she might hope to be enriched' Tragabigxanda would appear to have had no great Idea of her husbands prowess, and therefore ques- tioned her captive narrowly on the subject. He confessed rankly that he had never seen her husband, who had caused him to be purchased in the s ave-market ; that he was not a Bohemian, but an Lnghshman ; and instead of being a great ord was merely a soldier of fortune. The Turkish lady.' hke a second Desdemona. seems to have loved him for the dangers he had passed, and in part also perliaps for his candour and honesty. Fearing that 1 er mother m.ght form the plan of selling him. if she got the .^htest hint of her inclinatTons. and a so findnig considerable difficulty in holding com- mun.ca .on w.th liim. she put in practice her woman's ingenuity, and sent him to her brother Timor, pasha of Nalbnts. on the Don. in Crim-Tartary. wiere he m.ght learn the Turkish language, acquir; also the manners of the country, and render himself in other respects a fit man to figure in the position she designed for him. r.«^"\ /T ^^'''^^'''' '^^'^'^^' ^"^ ^'^ws no way Tr ve ifh'^T' ""^J^^"^^' '''''''-''' ^'d Smith ?. !n . ^T' '''"" ^^" determined he should feel all the weight of servitude, and expiate, as far as possible by suffering, the crime of haWng inspired a Moslem woman with affection. He had his head shaved put a heavy iron collar about his neck dressed him in haircloth, and set him to do all the CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. qi meanest drudgery for the other slaves. Among his hardships he enumerates eating soup made with tae entrails of horses. He talks also of coffee and sherbet, and sneers contemptuously at the Turks for eatmg piilaus with their fingers, which he calls rakmg the dishes with their foul fists.' Slavery produced upon our countryman its natural effects : It msp.red him with rage and ferocity, especially when he reflected, as he often did. that instead of being treated with the kindness which Tragabigzanda meant should be shown him. he was every day insulted . Mid degraded by her inhuman brother Among his other labours, he was set. in the season succeeding harvest, to thrash out the corn on a field at a distance from his masters house. Impatience of servitude, and the passion for M'andering and fighting, in which he had all his life indulged, here came upon, him with redoubled force. He was naturally enough inclined, therefore, to look upon his tyrant with an evil eye; and while he was brooding over his wrongs and miseries, his master unfortunately arrived at the thrashing-floor. Beino- by nature savage and brutal, he began to beat'' spurn, and revile the captive, who, in a moment of ungovernable fury, struck him with the thrashing- bat, and killed him. He then stripped him, and put on his clothes; after which, hiding the body under the straw, he filled his knapsack with corn, shut the door, mounted the tyrant's horse, and rode forth boldly at random into the desert. During two or three days he wandered about, not knowing whither he went ; but coming to one of those picturesque finger-posts, he discovered the i I- ifi UMi^ ]■! IP m ! Ifi 92 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. road leading towards Russia, and immediatelv struck n.to it. Captain Sn.ith's words are ^ ^1^ and .n ,t so many bobs witii broad ends as there be ways; and every bob the figure painted on i tha^ demonstrateth to what part that way lead eh as that wh.ch pointeth towards the Crims co „try as marked with a halfe-moon ; if towards the Georgians and Persia, a black man, full of white spots ; af towards China, the picture of the sun f hThat-ta^'"T ''\^'^" °' ^ ^^-^' '^ ^--d' the habitation of any other princ, the figure wherebv his standard is known.' wnereby The progress of Captain Smith durino- sixteen tXelTc '' V'"^^ '''''' '" *'^^- times'-extend d between Cr.m-Tartary and the Russian frontier ^jpeaking of the knights-errant, he says; And when through deserts vast, Or regions desolate they passed, VV here belly-timber above ground Or under, was not to be found Unless they grazed, there 's not one ord Of their provisions on record, Which made some confidently write They had no stomachs, but to fight. Having accomplished this feat, he arrived at ^copohs, a Christian garrison on'the Do .where .Ins chains were struck off, and he found hhnself suai^enly in favour of a great lady, on wholn he bestow'^, the name of Callamata. As he probably made kn.9vvn his desire of returning to the scene of his forme^^ military achievements, he was passed CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 9, from garrison to garrison, and from town to town me city of Hermannstadt in Transylvania His notions of geography were rather confused so that he .mag,nod himself to have traversed a ^arto evidently towards the north and west We are tempted to extract from his memoirs a short passage thrd'a^'^t^'n^ ^'"-^ "' S°""-" '^^ inosc days. The villages are only here and there ^ few houses of straight fir-trees laid heads and points above one another, made fast by 1 otehes "t h ends, more than a man's height, and^vi°h broad as h,t il /• r'^'""'" '°S''^'" '"'h ™odcn pins as thatched for coverture In t.n 11 shall scarce find ten iron^ils, except" it" Tso^'m^ extraordinary man's house. You shall find nave ments, over bogs only of young fir-treesTS respect, mirth, content, and entertainment, and not any governor where he came, but gave h m some what as a present, beside his charges ' Having reached Hermannstadt. he was received and treated with extraordinary hospitTtv whirh accompanied him through Hun^gar^a d L --^ till he fell m with Duke SifrismnnH nf ! . '?"^™^' gener I , „„ hSi^^cats^fT^'wIh r„ ■ — r^ ^' "'^ travelled at his ease through Germany, France, and Spain; the wandering fmpule i '■ : ■[::. , I Mimi 94 11 I HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. still carrying him forward without intermission. He then crossed over into Morocco, visited the capital city, and after picking up a large quantity of undigested information, returned to the coast. Here he went on board the ship of one Captain Merham, probably a buccaneer, and a man of indomitable valour. Having put out to sea, and been driven by a storm to the Canary Islands, he fell in with two Spanish men-of-war, and engaged in a desperate fight, in which Smith took an active part. Few encounters at sea, between forces so inadequate, ever lasted so long or were so sanguinary. Merham's ship was more than once on fire, and in danger of being blown up ; but with a courage bordering on desperation, he poured broadside after broadside into the enemy, until their docks were covered with dead. He then sheered off; and effecting his escape, which they also on their part were rejoiced to accomplish, he returned to England about the year 1604 with 1000 ducats in his pockets. Here terminates what may be denominated the first cycle of the acts of Captain John Smith, who seems to have settled down quietly in his own country to enjoy some repose after the innumerable adventures and mischances through which he had passed. It seems impossible to throw any particular light on the life he now led. He does not inform us whether or not he applied himself to the recovery of the property bequeathed him by his parents, whether he engaged in any profitable speculation, or merely subsisted on the remainder of the money bestowed on him by Duke Sigismund. About the year 1605, however, he became ac- CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 95 quainted with Captain Bartholomew Gosnold. who had formed the project of carrying out a large body of colonists to Virginia. Smith, with his usual promptitude, seems to have entered at once into Gosnold s views, and to have seconded them vigor- ously; but it was fully two years before the expedi- tion was organised, and the authority of government i u^u'. J"'"" *^' ^''^""'y °^ *^^ P'"^^'0"s attempts which had been made to settle in Virginia, it is not necessary to enter: they belong properly to the general history of the United States. We shall merely observe, that all the endeavours of the English to found a colony in that part of America had hitherto failed, so that it was left for the friends and companions of Gosnold to carry into execution the designs of Raleigh. James I. contrived systematically to mar whatever he undertook. His theory of political wisdom led him to place it exclusively in craft and cunning, in subtle contrivances and small mysteries ; and he appears to have been invariably surprised when plans commenced in folly terminated in discomfiture In the present instance, he , ..nted the adventurers letters-patent, conferring on them great powers and an extensive jurisdiction ; but with that propensity for playing at statesmanship to which we have already alluded, he inclosed a list of the names of the future governors of the colony in a box, the seals of which were not to be broken till the arrival of the whole party in Virginia. Smith savs : 'When I went first to these desperate designs, it cost me many a forgotten pound to hire men to go, and procrastination caused more to run away than went :£■ -!r ij I. i' I. 96 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. I have spared neither pains or money accordinf^ to my ability, first to procure His Majesty's letters- patents, and a company here, to be the means to raise a company to go with me to Virginia, which beginning here and there cost me nearly five years' [1604-09] work, and more than five hundred pounds of my own estate, besides all the dangers, miseries, and incumbrances I endured gratis.' There were two colonising associations formed, the London Company for South Virginia, and the Western Company for North Virginia. Smith was among the founders of the London Company. No one, tlicrcfore, at the outset possessed any authority whatsoever, except such as may have been based on his own private arrangements. The conveyance of the colonists to the shores of the New World was intrusted to Captain Christopher Newport, whom experience had rendered intimately acquainted with the eastern shores of America. On the 19th December 1606, the expedition, consisting of three vessels and 105 men, set sail from lilackwall, but, by unfavourable winds, were kept six weeks in sight of I<:ngland. During this period, dissensions broke out on board, arising out of a very peculiar cause. Mr Hunt, who was what we should now call the chaplain to the expedition, was a man of strong religious feelings, conscientious, energetic, and de- voted to his duty. In health, however, he was weakly and delicate, and seemed on the point of falling a victim to his zeal even before leaving his native land. He belonged no doubt to the Puritan party, which may probably explain the offence he CAPTAIN JOHN SMrrit. g^ gave to some of the principal leaders of the eolonv whom Captain Smith stigmatises as • little 3 than atheists; To the utmost of their power, these men annoyed and persecuted the preacher but though, wh,le the vessels lay in the Downs, he wa mduce h,m to desert his post for a moment. We allude to th,s circumstance, because it may in some sort be sa,d to supply a key to many of the d as" r^ that followed The colonists consisted of a 1 ete o seneous multitude, differing in faith, in tastes Tn habits, ,n eharacte. and therefore prepared, at the first opportunity, to fly asunder, desert each other jeetors, Smith m his G,»cra/ History says that he was accused of intending to usurp -.he govert ment, murder the council, and make himseff khg He was kept a prisoner for the rest of the voyage after they reached the Canaries ^^ thjAli*"'?? *' ";' ^"""'■^^ ^°' >™'"' tl'ey traversed he Atlanticin the latitude of the West Indies; put m for provisions and trade at Dominica; and after- wards landing at Guadeloupe, they discovered a hot spring, in which they boiled pork as well as in a Virgin Isles, they spent some time ; where, with a loahsome beast like a crocodile, called an iguana with tortoises, pelicans, parrots, and fish, they^daily had a luxurious feast. Leaving these islands, they to them" a ;" \ ""^'' °' ^'^g'"-' "''-l^ -- to them all an unknown land. The sailors were th iree days out of their reck onmg; .ind so much Jiseouragement arose among the Vifferent' misters ^P 1 mk^ 1 r ! i \ T kijl'i li fit SMi I V i'f I 98 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. and crews, that it was scarcely to be suppressed. One of them, Ratclifife, a commander of the pinnace, was only prevented by the occurrence of a storm from putting about the helm and sailing for England. The tempest, however, accomplished what they seemed incapable of achieving for themselves ; so that, going at random before the gale, they were fortunately driven into the very harbour of which they were in search. They were driven into the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, and discovered land, 26th April 1607. Upon the first land they made, they bestowed, in honour of the Prince of Wales, the name of Cape Henry. Here thirty of the colonists disembarked ; and while amusing themselves, and thinking, appar- ently, of nothing but peaceful enjoyments, they were attacked by a party of five savages, who inflicted dangerous wounds on two of their number. This induced them to proceed in future with greater caution. The northern point at the entrance of Chesapeake Bay they named Point Comfort. The Indians Smith thus describes : ' As goodly men as any I have seen of savages or Christians, the Wero- wance (chief) coming before them, playing on a flute made of a reed, with a crown of deer'sl hair, coloured red, in fashion of a rose, fastened about his knot of hair, and a great plate of copper on the other side of his head, with two long feathers in fashion of a pair of horns placed in the midst of his crown. His body was painted all with crimson, with a chain of beads about his neck ; his face painted blue, besprinkled with silver ore, as we thought; his ears all behung with bracelets of I CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH, pearl, and in either o^r ^ k- j- , beset with fine opper o, 'j^^' V™ ,"^™"S'> 't, in so modest a oroud r-h;^ "^ entertained us a prince of cfvirgovefnte„"t' 'Lm™^','^ "'' "^'^ ance witliout lau|l°terTr ' l'*^ '"' '=°""""- He caused his mft I ^ '." '" ''''"'"°"''' where he sat down llh "^'"""^ °" "'^ Broxmd, pipe of toblo he rS 'ofCc*"'^"'^" ''""« ^ about hin,. After he had .etd aThife T""'"" and made signs to us to co" - to h n T went foremost, and all the r ' of hi I' "" ourselves followed him up a steen h' n "^T''' '■""' palace was settled. We IJeAtT , ' Y''"^ '"■' ;n fine paths, having mo'^^'taarf ■'"' "?"'-^ issued from the mountains wf P""^' "''''='' the goodliest cornfielt'that ^ rtr^Lwr"''"' country. When ur« ^^ . t. ^^" '" ^"y entert4ed^^T„ ^U h^^am';'''^''''^""^' '-"• '>' Capttta Tohn Smith' "^."^^r'?'"^ ^o-'""'" Christophei Newport John RTtdiffe, I'^t^"^''''' and George Kenda I Smkh though " '?"' councillor, being under arre t 'was not " fot ; later, on aoth June, he v!;s adm," d "Z"' of importance were to be exam,-n<.dT • ^"^ determined by the decisL of 1 e „aioritv T/ ^,"' councl, in which the president had twot es' "" se.i'rr:p::'!r'b,"'r'''^ '^"^ °' «^'' ■*^. ■■« ---"-fc, a spot cugible Tnr fi,« „:i.- /• .. which they designed to .1 , , i the capital of the new i !l| ! :il- lOO HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. settlement. The members of council were then sworn, and Mr Wingfieid was elected to be first president. An oration was delivered — by whom it is not stated — detailing the reasons why Captain John Smith was to be excluded from their body. It is fair, however, to infer, that they arose out of paltry personal jealousies excited by Smith's superior talents and energy, of which the more ignorant and incompetent members of government stood in awe. As soon as this matter had been brought to a con- c'vision, they commenced the extraordinary process of founding a city in the wilderness. All was now noise, bustle, and activity. The authorities laid out the plan of the fort at Jamestown, while the colonists betook themselves to the felling of trees, in order to produce a clear space on which to pitch their tents. It cannot be doubted, that to their mind's eye a regular city, with streets, churches, and a market-place, with esplanades and terraces, with docks and arsenals, with shops and warehouses, and inns and taverns, and a crowded population, even then presented itself. Meanwhile, some were engaged in laying out gardens, others in fabricating fishing- nets, others in making preparations for reloading their ships. The natives, struck by the strangeness of these operations, and not foreseeing what endless calamities were to arise out cf what they saw to themselves and to their posterity, came with much kindness to visit the English settlers. The presi- dent's overweening jealousy would admit of no exercise at arms, and no other fortification except the branches of trees, thrown rudely together in the form of a half-moon by the extraordinary pains and ere then be first whom it Captain ;ir body, e out of superior irant and .1 in awe. to a con- ' process was now laid out hile the of trees, to pitch to their :hes, and ces, with uses, and on, even engaged ^ fishing- ■eloading angeness t endless / saw to th much lie presi- t of no n except ler in the ains and CAPTAIN JOHN SMlTIf. j^, new discovered Vir..inK \Z ! "\'™''«^ ■" ""'s ■>i".t.s iyin, on .,.:i";: coM\™X::r '^h"^ soever came, and warded all ?l ^ 1 , '"'■■'"'" l"-ougI.t our men to be 1, f" tt ' ''f^' '""'<='' food was but a snnH „„ T T "^ "'''"='"^''- O"'" to five n,c„ a du O "^ ''.■•";'"=>' =°dd'^" m water out or the ri^er "^bich 'wa ^f a^n" T" '''"'" at a low tide full nr !l f ''°°'' ^<=''y salt, ue.,tr„c.,-o„':/"i //or:„rt:^'"'-^"r" --^ '"^ the colonists died wi^in srx Chs '"'^'"""■" "^ ctrds°%:' t;^- °-"^^^^ isla 1 0„ h o'l "■■ T°f "•■ ""•= "■^'^^ '■""1= mi^^fartbe^" ^°'"'- ""^ "^" '^ "■-'"•='--'bIe; but a hi 11 i lii t I :l I I lllf I 4 I I 1^ 1 02 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. twenty miles of Jamestown, when their conduct began to excite apprehension. This arose, no doubt, out of the events which had meanwhile taken place at the settlement, where everything had been put in jeopardy, either through the well-founded jealousy of the natives or the overbearing insolence of the colonists. In whatever way they originated, those hostilities had commenced, which, after long genera- tions, were to terminate in the extinction of the native race. The imprudence of Governor Wing- field's policy soon appeared. Observing the settlers to be intent on the building of the city, without police or discipline, the natives collected in force, and made an impetuous attack on them. Being totally unprepared, they were easily thrown into confusion; and seventeen of their number were wounded. Perceiving the advantage they had gained, the natives pressed forward with the evident intention of exterminating their enemies ; but a cross-bar discharged from one of the ships flying among the trees, brought dovv'n an immense bough among their ranks, which excited so much alarm that they retreated, and allowed the colonists time to rally, and provide effectually for their defence. The governor now endeavoured to repair his negligence, consenting that the fort should be sur- rounded with palisades, the guns mounted, and the men exercised in the use of arms. Considering the small number of the settlers, we may imagine the difficulties to which they were exposed, having to labour all day and watch all night, to guard the w'orkmen, resist the enemy, reload the ships, and prepare the ground for the cultivation of corn. ! II conduct ) doubt, ;n place een put jealousy ; of the d, those genera- of the ■ Wing- settlers without in force, Being wn into >er were ley had I evident ; but a )s flying e bough :h alarm ists time "ence. pair his 1 be sur- and the ;ring the gine the aving to uard the lips, and :n. I CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 103 smTh. r:,:""; '":,".:, :i:t\ t'^'-'' <^=""^'" > 'Mi^ uic grou- ci on which he was excluded mm the council. It appear., that, as early as whel the sh.ps were still in the Canary I.slands a nlan had been formed for hi., cle.structio^, or, at Lst for the annA,Iat,on of hi, pro,pcct, and fame. Inspired by we know not what jc.lousie,, there were ttose among the leaders of the colony who affirmed as ve have sa,d, that he had entered into a conTpirkcv to murder the council, to usurp the government and establish h.s own authority a, king ,. " T"',,'!''' """ '"" I'»'-"'»--'"s were dispersed eZf r'^ "'"' "'"'"■ ■•""' "«' »™e of Them mpentmg of the.r intention.,, had revealed the trutT,' For these reasons he wa., .,eized, and kept in confine- men dunng thirteen week.,, while his enemies were deba ,ng whether he should be put to dea h ^r s,mp y sent back to ICngland with'disgrace. They affected through charity, to prefer the latter cou e but Srnuh, confident in hi, innocence, laughed ai tle,r suspicions and machinations, not doubtlglha he 1 ould be able to clear him.,elf to the satisffctio, of the whole world. Public opinion in the colony soon veered round to hi, .,is place-Gosnold, who mi^ht have been presumed to possess a superior claim bemg now dead. The surviving settlers attribu ed ^u^^eo—L" "■= ^^■■'^"' — "^ '^e- The condition of the small garrison of Jamestown was at length, all but desperate. No mo/e "ur^eo a ted and i'f • ""''' °*" P™"^'"- «-- » prev to th. 7 """r '"°"""' ^='P="'^d to fall a prey to the violence of the natives. But the policv o barban.-,ns is always fluctuating. From motH^s humanity, the savages took pity on the wretched ! M • ■ Mi !f It's !|7i T06 IIKKOKS OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Jttl( id supplied th( ith abund- .iin,t- ui LUC- iruits oi me son, mat tiiey all lived once more in affluence. The new governor, meanwhile, with Martin, who would appear to have formed his whole council, proved to be no abler than his pre- decessor. Every public duty devolved on Captain Smith, who, by his energy, activity, and sagacity, imparted life and hope to the colony. By his own example, good words, and fair promises, he encour- aged some to mow, others to find thatch; some to build houses, others to roof them; so that, in a short time, he provided nearly all but himself with lodgings. Observing the natives to grow more remiss in bringing in provisions, chiefly because they had little more to spare, he went with a number of men on board the shallop, and sailed away in search of trade. Dropping down the river to a place called Kecoughtan, he endeavoured to barter with the natives, but they, believing him and his companions to be driven thither by famine, treated them at first with contempt, offering them a piece of bread or a handful of corn in exchange for their arms. Finding that nothing was to be obtained of them by fai'r means. Smith, urged and excused by necessity, was fain to employ force. Discharging their pieces, therefore, and running their boat suddenly on shore, they so alarmed the natives, that they took rapidly to flight, and concealed themselves in the neighbour- ing woods. Marching to their village, they found in all the houses large heaps of corn, upon which his companions wished to seize at once; but he return lo- might CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. jq^ he was disannoinl,., T '^"^ <^'ediately lav st.lT , """'' °^""= "'""'^''"ts the remain^de'^S'tf Tcot rs^Td" tl ^^ abundanee. Sm h rS to the ' rT'"'""-^ '" matists, that if six men of th. tT ""^^ "'>'"- unarmed, and aid him 1 , L t h^C" e ^"Tt' not on y restore to then, thei? oUc,Z' do/T t -latrt^Thfr^^^^^^^^ faithfully performed thei part a. d H,e i "°'"'' away singing and dancing' " '"^S^' "'"'t Snnth was no doubt hailed, on his return t„ Jamestown, with murh i„„ • u\ '° I i< I ^ [ i '! Nil 108 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Mi ;; I: ('it *■ with' ti,c''""r "■ r'' •'' ''^^ "^ ""'"='-• "• •'-'" «ith the natives for sucli provisions as would l,e wan „,g for .he ensuin,. year. In the in.erva le mad several journey, into the interior, to disc;v r new tribes and lands, and to collect provisions ]iut what he care nlly gathered together the others c le sly squandered. During his absence, n,oreovcr VVntgfield and Kendall, who for .so„,e tin e had been ^vn,g ,n d,,,graee, dctern.ined either to regain thei pre7t7be"Th '° '■-"«'"'"• •'^"'•■'-•"S 'he lat.^^ pro ect to be tl e more practicable, they formed a hid ZT7 ;,' '"""•■'''••■ "■'"■ ^"' ""^ "'"cluandise aid up by Smith on board to e.Nehange for pro- visions with the natives. They had alrelly i„ , "t cxeeuted their design when Smith returiL IVoi board ad thT "'°"" '"' ''"^ ''^'^ -'-"y <"■ the stream. With his usual pronnititude decision aiid courage, he immediately diterm'ined wiia ct to take, l^rmgmg up his men to the beach after vainly inviting the deserters to return to the du y 1.C poured a volley into the pinnace, whose crew returned the fire, and the action was contin i^ed 7or some time. At length. Captain Kendall anc ho rest surrendered at discretion. Smith had soo a envards to counteract another project, formed by the aetual governor and Captain Archer, to abando^ the colony But the difficulty still was to obtain provisions, and all Sn,ith-s ingenuity was exhausted in the endeavour to secure a supply. Corn, however he at length obtained from the natives; and on the setting in of winter, the rivers were so crowded with swans, geese, ducks, and cranes, that they every CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. jq^ canoe, ^ifh tw" eI £,^'';^»'!°'"'"y '*--• '" a adventurous spirit reu !^ , ™ '"'"'"• "''= Takin;; alon^ w , " f ?':' 'l'"' '"^''"'^''^ °f f^"'-- attacked ., a^ut u^!; t^I^S' "a'tir ^ t^ dS^sk!™- ifTb' -"«'■' 'o -' ■>'- off i'l- endeavou d o spare thr*-'' .rP"^""*-' "'« ">ey inc. f r u ^ ^^^y^' ^^ a buckler. After kill men, George Cassen, Jehu Roblson and Tho™" /;et.lTrr:';lre£f-- him f^ o ; ^""^^ ^^'^'^^ prisoner, thev tied together with a lono- speech on tt T^^t''' of i> ,„h.vi *i '^ i^peecn on the use and va ue I! i- 110 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. and eat him, which the; relinquished and resumed several times durinfj his?, aptivity. First, however, the queen brought him water to wash with, and another woman a bunch of feathers, to be used instead of a napkin, to dry his hands, while the rest prepared him a banquet in their most sumptu- ous manner. At the di'iioucmait of the piece, they placed his head upon a flat stone, while two or three chiefs, with heavy clubs in their hands, drew near, with many fearful exhibitions of ferocity, to dash out his brains. At this moment, Pocahontas, the favourite daughter of the great chief, rushed forward, and seizing his head in her arms, uttered many entreaties that his life might be spared ; but when she found that these were all unavailing, she placed her own head upon that of the prisoner, intimating that they should kill her 1 cfore they touched him. Upon this, Powhatan, her father, granted him his pardon ; and shortly afterwards it was agreed that he should be sent to Jamestown, upon his promise to give them two great guns and a grindstone ; the chief adding that he would bestow on him a large tract of country, and regard him as his son. The natives kept their word, and Smith was restored to his countrymen. By way of impressing the persons who accompanied him with a hirh idea of the English power, they loaded two oi ttiree pieces of cannon with stones, and dischar ' i Si^i- at some immense trees covered with icicles, which, coming down with a crash, mingled with boughs and branches, so terrified the savages, that they ran "?y. Coming back, however, when their fear was ov.'. ihey itccivcd numerous presents for the chiefs CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,„ and the women, and returned tc their tribe ex ^^C^'' '"' '""'--'' "'"^ -ont^rat cha'"ractr'"?r'''' """•"""^ « •'»■"«'<'«'". who in Ciu actu and manners were little better th-.n fre^ again s z zrT '■" "'"■^!' '"^y -- appointment, t^td t^:ir ^S% "/ethtr atd panied him when1,e° UT t e^n "prL: r" IS nd"la~ "r™?, "■". '"^ ""^-tood"both";:t «.„ .r , ■ ^ ""S'" his enemies in a net and sent them home for trial to England Great difficulties were meanwhile experienced !„ !;7 f ., , appearance, have failed without the s em° o'ha ""'"' """'' "^'J^- ''ocahonta JL seems to have conceived a distaste for the societv of At e„°d" hT™' "'" " ^'™"e P--" for Europlf ttm a'„ ll " H ""'" °' °"'" ^™">^"' =he brougl t hem an abundance of provisions, remained some time at Jamestown, and then returned to her po^arrlfed'T ^'r ^f""^^^ "^^'- Captain Ne^v- quantitLof ''°''\^"t"'^' bringing with him large sirto tL . "."^'T^'r- «"d a considerable aceel out IV T- " ''"'' "°''' determined to fit out the pmnace for a trading vova™ ,„,on-^^e '■at.ves; and the two captain^ Smith°and Newport I ';:f ' i 112 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. with a guard of forty men, proceeded on a visit to Powhatan, the father of Pocahontas, with whom and anotlicr great chief they carried on a profitable trade ; after which, they returned laden with pro- visions to Jamestown, Scarcely had they arrived before a great fire broke forth in the fort, which consumed whatever was combustible — houses, arms, provisions, palisades — leaving them almost at the mercy of the savages. It would be more agreeable could we, consistently with truth, describe our countrymen engaged in those adventures as upright and romantic men, charitably disposed towards each other, and remark- able for their integrity in their general dealings with mankind. Unfortunately, the reverse of all this was the case. They were selfish, mean, and plotting, eager for gain and for present enjoyment, regardless of the contrivances by which they enriched them- selves. The same thing is true of nearly all the founders of new settlements. Good, therefore, in all such instances, may truly be said to come out of evil. Newport and his comrades, converting their ship into a floating tavern, practised every kind of extortion upon the colonists, many of whom, dis- ciplined by adversity, would seem already to have acquired a superior theory of human duties. Then Hunt, the preacher, a stern Puritan, when he lost all his books and property in the fire, never uttered a murmur, but set himself patiently about repairing the damage, and enduring, with true Christian stoi- cism, the evils he found to be unavoidable. He would appear to have succeeded in imparting the same virtue of fortitude to many others, especially CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. jj, the founder of a new state ''"°""= acted in an eZlVwS I """"^ "^ "«= »'^"lo'-« obedience to thfeof it'll "' """""• ^''•■'''''"''' their own view" all n f-f "' '""^ "'^ " »""<-'J they seemedl T P'''=''''=«'°n=- At one tin,c coveri sTn Calr rAu'f r '^'' °'" «"'" '"- and exhibited a rthe' ^"'''^^"^' °' South Africa, by those w'r rit 'z^^:t"^ »"r ous sand, or rather a c,nn^ ^r ?f " " '^"nfor- of device, to obtain possession of Euro.Z'.'T' humane to ufnk T^ VJ ? •' ^"^ '^ '^ "^t ahvays ml i 114 HEROES OP ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. the most prudent ; and he constantly endeavoured, therefore, to inspire the natives with the belief that he possessed the power to cut them off in an instant from the face of the earth, but abstained from using it through kindness and good-will. On the arrival of the Phosnix (20th April 1608), under Captain Wilson, the colonists enjoyed many advantages. The merchandise from England was disposed of in a liberal manner, and the greatest harmony prevailed among the mariners and the settlers. A cargo of cedar was shipped for England ; and this, it has been said, was the only profitable return sent home for many years from Virginia. With the Phcvnix, Captain Martin, who had been active in collecting the gold, returned home in broken health, leaving the colonists to their own devices. Captain Smith now fitted up the pinnace, and set out on a trading voyage, during which he ex- plored the Bay of Chesapeake (June and July 1608). Had he been accompanied by a man capable of writing the history of that voyage, it would alone have formed a charming volume : as it is, we find nothing but a repetition of similar small adventures, insignificant encounters with savages, transparent stratagems, and hasty examination of unknown islands. On one of these Captain Smith was nearly slain by accident. Their provisions running short, he observed in very shallow water an immense number of fishes, which could be pierced with a sword. He therefore set his crew the example, and made in this way a great addition to their stock of provisions. While plunging into a sort of i> « a c I ii Ci CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. i,^ skate, a bony projection on the back rpn mf« i • Wrist, and wounded h™ deepl^; Z\Z fl ved • b .mmedrntely his arm began to swell, and the' pan- became so intense, that it was believed by all presen that death must speedily ensue Smid .™self was of this opinion, and gave orders tha hB grave should be dug on an isle' which obained from th,s c.rcumstance the name of Stingray isL It was not, however, decreed that his careH^u Id hen come to a dose. There happened to be amon" to'tiri' ';""'" °^ K--^" who, appi^i .r"! to^the wound, assuaged the pain, and effected a 4tu:,f thfy-rt,:: fss'i:'-^:: greatest confusion. Ratcliffe, the presided appea J o have been a mere vulgar epicurean, who amej at nothmg but to insure his own personal enjovrent wastmg the means and provisions of the cofS and uselessly exhausting their energies by e e ,f^ for h„nself pleasure-houses in the woods a^dn.f -.ng other fantastical undertakingr SnSi' Z's a man sw.ft to resolve and bold to act 7n onjuucfon with the other settlers, he deposed Ratcl,fl-c. and having set up his fri;nd Severer m h,s place, departed on a second voya.r To complete h,s discovery of the Bay of ChesapcX' reslmbled the "T,°" ",'";"°"" '^'"'«""°" --% ^ e natte ^^ "''. P'''^™"''>' <="<=o™tered friendlv „n T' • 'T"™'" ''°''"=- sometimes Z:^y-"°Z "'"'^''f ^ _^ ^'^»"ge display of rVached h,,";^ ^"" "" '•'"'•"P^ans, now over- reached by the.r stratagems, and now aiming at ' it i 111- i i i ll6 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. subduing them in their turn by savage treachery. On, the whole, however, they conducted themselves towards our countrymen much better than these deserved. One gigantic tribe offered them every kmd of advantage, if they would join them in exterminating their enemies; but, for various reasons Smith declined all their offers, although he con- ducted himself towards them with much civility. On this occasion one of their companions died, and was buried on a sweep of the shore, upon which, after him, they bestowed the name of Fetherstone Bay. Xenophon, in the Ri'/rcat of the Ten Thousand, speaking of two distinguished generals, his com- panions, says they were 'blameless in war and friendship.' The historian of Virginia pronounces a like encomium upon Fetherstone. All the time, he says, he had been in this country, he behaved himself honestly, valiantly, and industriously. They buried him with a volley of shot, as became a brave man, and handed down his name to posterity. Having, to the utmost of their power, surveyed Chesapeake Iky, and entered, as far as practicable, into friendly relations with the natives, they returned to Jamestown in the month of September 1608. Here they found the affairs of the colony in great confusion. Ratcliffe, the former president, having endeavoured to recover his authority, had been apprehended and put in prison for mutiny. Scrivener, and many others, whom Smith had left sick at his departure, were now recovered ; but many, likewise, were dead. The new governor had performed his duties well ; and among other things, had carefully gathered in the harvest, though a portion of their CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. , ,, the whole sun,,„e ',"'"' ^ app-hension, nearly been effected for ,1^ "°*'"= ~>''""«^^" "aving of the Bav of ri " '^°°''' '"'■' ""= '''"""''"y duet tho'prlui'r''"""' '"^ ""''" "° ■=-"■•' "- president. ind'^f^Uhfkr """'' ''^''^'' British governn,cnt n , r f'^'P"""" '^'°'" '^'^ He ha/freq ;' S ' thi b"" '• ""' "°"°"^- take the managcnK'nt of tl 1 , 'mportuned to had hitherto dfcUnc 1 ' ^'^f/'P™' hi'", but and apparently t^ ,;t "SJ^Lr^ ^'-^'>'' before he received it D,? r ^ promot.on to restrain the b. Id' ^'k" diff'. '"! ''^'^ ;'^-' he regarded as n , i '^-''^''^^'^ pahce, which howeve was reinirecT " """^'- ^"= ^''"^d, -ucted'; af-d oXr ti,;,,^;:,—"- - for the recenh'on ^f n t>'^ ^^tre set on foot uie reception of the .supph-cs they exnectM o^uCSL^lt "sic -- '""^ have been i„,parted^ ^'Z,TZ. Telo^ f" fthiTr s 7 .r '^1^^" '" ' ^^"- squad'ron. at : I sett „, '"f the w't T"""" ' • "" The whole con.pany "'^ e.c , ed '' ---trained, on the plain b/thrwottcrrhllr^eptrt £ ^a"Srer.,;:r w:;;r^"- >'-"'" in -.mnv«.,, ^ . , 'iva^cs would sometimes sfnnrl in ama/qment, to behold the I i exercise of tliq tr oops 'I-: 1 ' T Il8 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. in gunnery, &c. These simple people were now so thoroughly subdued to fear of the strangers, that from their newly-gathered harvests they were easily induced to supply them with abundance of provisions. Nevertheless, even in their intercourse w>h them, the English continued to make mistakes —now treating the chiefs with all the honours due to power, then slighting them, and irritating their feelings by contempt and neglect. Smith was well aware of the imprudence of the course thus adopted; and had his authority been allowed to prevail, a policy wiser by far would have influenced the proceedings. But although he had been chosen president, men divided in opinions from him were elected to the council ; and when a new ' supply' arrived from Europe, these new members actually formed a majority. While some of the colonists were preparing for an expedition of discovery in search of gold and other riches, Smith undertook a journey to Powhatan, to persuade the prince to come to Jamestown to receive the presents of the English. The others feared to march, unless with a strong armed force, but the president took only four companions. With them he passed through the wild country to the river Pawmanhec. This he crossed in an Indian canoe, and reaching the opposite side, entered upon a fertile and beautiful plain. Here they made a fire, spread some mats around it, and sat down ; but they had not reposed long before there was lieard among the woods on all sides a hideous concert of shouts and yells, long shrii! cries and whoops, that seemed ^s though some CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ng savage king, with all his nation, was coming down upon them. They seized their arms, and prepared to fight; but presently Pocahontas came running through the grass, and, with several companions approached the little camp. She assured Captain i^mith that no harm was intended, and that she pledged her life for his safety. It was not Ion- before he saw the unreasonableness of his fears' Thirty young women, girdled with green leaves and their bodies painted in variegated colours', came out of the forests, dancing towards them. Iheir leader had a pair of buck's horns on her head an otter's skin hanging from her waist, and another over her arm. On her back was a quiver full of arrows, and in her hand a bow. Some of them had clubs, which they flourished with surprising energy until reaching the fire, they ranged themselves in a circle round it, and sang and danced with the wildest melody, and in the most fantastic measure for upwards of an hour. Then suddenly the whole troop filed off, and plunged into the woods. Presently, however, some of them returned with an invitation for Captain Smith to visit Powhatan. He went forward, arrived at the town, and was entertained in a glade by torchlight. The young women of the village press : round him, crowding and hanging over him, and continually crying,' 'Love you not me.? Love you not me.?' which the Englishman understood to be their mode of welcome. Their feast, however, was very delicate, and Smith enjoyed it much; especially as the young ladies were in attendance, some singing, some dancing, others waiting on him. They then took their 120 HliROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE, flambeaux, and conducted him to the soaciou. Next morning, Powhatan came to the hut Smith dehvered h,s message, and requested him to eon e en/Tn", "■?■ """J"''"'' "'^ S-'Cts whieh had bZ r.rder;[nL^s:etr^TL-::re learned his own consequenee f-om Z? ? ° £:r.i'tSor:reXs^^cu^: ^.d the wh,te n,en met on the plain near Pow^ a" be persuaded JT' ' " J""^' ''^'^'' ^'' ^^^^d not ceremonv of 1. r ''"'' ^' "^''^^^'' ""^erstood the ceremony of kneehnor nor the usp nf o , and tremble with fcT mY\u' T^^'^y '^^'' concluded and f J p , t ^^"^^^ ^'^^ ^^^«^^ ^^^s concluded and the English flattered themselves that they had come to amicable terms wkh Z everv'no4,^r"'°"' ^'P'"'" S™'"' stimulated by fve,y possible means. He was perpetually active CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. j^j puni.sh„,c„.. .hat in'Se '"e.et: "st^l i"'^ profane expression heard in a week Whni^ policy to starve the invatos'-on s~" i, "C" A small expedition was therefore sent ni ,r *^' • country posir: Zr^,:^zz t doubt have been enjoyed, had not the sLd passions of the colonists neutralised every endeavl were robbed ; axes, ^hl^'s! pShead ,Vow eV^ and muskets were stolen, to exchanc-e w1 k h ' r^no rf„f;rionrArtr "- ^^^ -urned to E.^ZTZ. ^^^'Z^^^ colon „ ,f 3 ,^^, ^^^ ,.^^,^ ^ g^^^ a V rg a„ :;tt;ar- 'T™'' ^-°"^'g"™cnts of large v 1 , ^ n. re made lo traders in London There ngw remained about 200 persons in Virginia, •? ' ■■ .!: li 122 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. m f. kept miserable by the selfislincss of individuals, and perpetually in dan">' to come forth and receive a present H^? m.l,tary eye, however, detected an ambush and" e desired h,s companions to guard every entraner tT ™,r "";? ''" °PP°rt""i'y. he darted'^out! seked he old cinef by the beard, levelled a pistol a'a^t ;nto the whole m=u,tii;:.^'T;VtruVr -Sstih-.-h^--y£d^- iiini HI a speech— half of —which hiicl the desired concihation result re.s.sed half of threats for a quantity of Li li:^ a i 124 HEROES OF KOMANTIC AUVENTUKE. provisions were broufiiic, and tiie assembly dispersed in apparent amity. It may, perliaps, be as well to introduce here a sketch of the story of Pocahontas. She was twelve or thirteen years of age when she first became known to Smith, by her compassionate interference on his behalf. After his release, he was conducted, as we have said, to Jamestown, whose few occupants were reduced to a miserable condition by want of food It was only through the charity of the beautiful young savage that relief was obtained. She caused supplies to be sent ; she appeased the bitter strife which arose among the settlers ; she warned them of treachery when it was meditated by her country- men. Alone and in the night she travelled through the woods, to give Smith notice of an intended attack ; and to her he ascribes the preservation of the colony from famine, confusion, and utter ruin. After he sailed for England, there was a struggle between the white men and the Indians, which was prolonged throughout two years. During that period Pocahontas was never heard of. At the end of it she was accidentally made prisoner, and detained by Captain Argall in 1612, a circumstance owing to which peace was afterwards concluded. She lived contentedly among the English for two years, gradually laying aside her barbarous habits, and softening her manners into those of civilisa- tion. Among the settlers was John Rolfe, an English gentleman, who felt a strong interest in the kind- hearted young captive, who had been like a Pro- vidence to the colony. He assiduously laboured CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,„ Indian idolatry 'dJ?^' Z";™"^"" ">= ^^d not of a com„,„n kind bu . t ' "°I'"'""' "•'■' affection. In April ,6, , '»." ""^ " P°>™f"l ^^ono.a.nnfeS';L'?Jl:/SS«^/-^-- appear at eourfwrn, l^- "S'i„r T", """^ '" fhcrefore presented a n entrial 10,^ "' ' '''""'"' '"S tliat a pension nn^ht bTh- ^ ■> ''"'""■ P'"^' able to her rank- and S! » ■^'^^'"''"^d on Iier suit- Sl.e appeared '0 feel^tl,at ''7'"' '° ""^ '^"S"'"'. neglected at the nahl f 'l' ™' ungratefully in those days to „ tro;r " " ™' "°' "'« ''ab,^ if- When Smith ^v h "">' °"= >^'>° deserved to see her ^t tentfo J°T "' '"'^ '■*"^=' -™' h™, but hid her fa "and f "'?^'-'">' ^^'='™"'«d he began to fear he l. "°"""S ^ "pon which she eo^uld s^eak EngiTst T"^ !? ''!! '"^ """" began to ti and !noke of T ''' '°"'™"' =''« settlers in Nevl England • v ''". f "''"^ 'o the hatan,' she said, that th.' "™™'''= ''°'^- his, and he the ike tn "''■" ^'°'"'= =''°"'d be as being a strange "hi," i^d" .''tf "^''T '^"'"' reason I must caM you so ' ^^\t °\ "'" '''""' himself from so ^rI^^ u "^ P°'"'''y <^-''e"sed a king's dLhte/' n"'?"™'"' '*"''"'' *"™^ not afraid ?ocome in^ ='^'"'<'^d: "Were you cause fear in hhiaL In k" '^"''"'' """""y- and ,„^ J. ..._ " """and all Ins people ^excent in „.^ should I tell yon, then, that I will; and you shah you father? call me '' .' [ I u 11 I 126 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. child ; and so I will be, for ever and ever, your countrywoman.' Smith, after her arrival in England on I2th June 161 6, addressed the following letter to Queen Anne, wife of James I.: To the most Jiigh and virtuous Fn'ucess, Queen Anne of Gnat Britain. Most Admired Queen— The love I bear my God, my king, and country, hath so oft emboldened me in the worst of extreme dangers, that now honesty doth constrain me to presume thus far beyond myself, to present your majesty this short discourse. If ingratitude be a deadly poison to all honest virtues, I must be guilty of that crime, if I should omit any means to be thankful. So it IS, that some ten years ago, being in Virginia, and taken prisoner by the power of Powhatan, their chief king, I received from this great savage exceeding great courtesy, especially from his son Nantequas, the most manliest, comeliest, boldest spirit, I ever saw in a savage, and his sister Pocahontas, the king's most dear and well- beloved daughter, being but a child of twelve or thirteen years of age, whose compassionate, pitiful heart, of des- perate estate, gave me much cause to respect her; I being the first Christian this proud king and his grim attendants ever saw; and thus enthralled in their barbarous power, I cannot say I felt the least occasion of want that was in the power of those my mortal foes to prevent, not- withstanding all their threats. After some six weeks fatting amongst those savage courtiers, at the minute of my execution, she hazarded the beating out of her own brains to save mine; and not only that, but so prevailed with her father, that I was safely conducted to Jamestown, where I found about eight and thirty miserable, poor, and sick creatures, to keep possession of all those large territories of Virginia \ CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. * *»• 127 such was the weakne« nf fi,- « of God thus to make her h^^ ^''' ""' '^'' ^••^''"''^"cc ordinary affection o o n' 0"!^"'' '' '''' '''^'^ tWs I am sure • when W fT ' ,^"°^^ "°^- ^^"t of policy and po^e "u Jt to "' ""' '" """°^^ «^ '"'^ eiglUeenwitlfn.e/tir:^^,rSr;'^^^^^^ from coming through the irksome L'-^^ } '^'■'^''" '^^r eyes gave me intelligenc S h r h / '",'•"'''' ^^^^'^^^^^ his fury; which had he known Z ^ , '''"'" ^° ^'^^'^P^ Jamestown, with her wild "ran ' 1 Tf' ^'^'" ^^''' as her father's habitation and 'd, , ^''''^ ^'equented three years, she next unde G^rs'sS? T''^' '^^° °^ to preserve this colony from de.?i '"''''"'"'"* confusion, which if in those Zesh^^' T' '"'' ""^'•• Virginia might have lain J ' ^'^'" ''''^■^'''^■^•'J. this day. '" '"' '^ '''^' at our first arrival to Since then, this business having been tum.rl , • by many accidents from that I left^^ . ''"'' ''^''^^ f er a long and troubl on e ^ after" ""1 '''''''' betwxt her father and our colony T.r'^ '^'^''''''' was not heard of, about two ye°"s aft r ^"ll ""' '^'' taken prisoner; being so det.InT ''' ^^'■■'^"" ^^'"^-^ the colony by that m'eans t TehevS'" '" ^'"" '^"«^^' and at last rejecting her L barou ' ndii"" "■"'■"^''' - E:.^:f ^' ^^"^'^"^"' witl' wC ri!!!."^':^' jinian first- V- • • v-'J'i^iuan evei first Virgmian ever spake English, or had a child m SI i I mmm 128 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. marriage by an Englishman, a matter surely, if my mean- ing be truly considered and well understood, worthy a pnnce's understanding. Many persons of great opulence and rank partly atoned to her by their kindness for the cold neglect of the court, until at length the king and queen were shamed into their duty, received her at the palace, and affected to hold her in high esteem. Lady Delawarre and her husband made her their companion throughout a whole season of festivals, masques, and entertainments ; and she was the most remarkable person in London at that time. Her appearance and behaviour were so engaging, that all classes of people were anxious to receive her at their houses ; and she was dragged through such a series of excitements and dissipation, that it pro- bably destroyed her constitution, and hastened her death. Certain it is, that when, about February 1 617, she was preparing to accompany her husband on a new expedition to Virginia in the George, Captain S. Argall, her old captor, she fell a victim at Gravesend to the climate, or the habits of the country. She would appear to have been a thorough convert to Christianity, to have felt its influence, and to have understood its spirit far better than could have been expected from her savage education. Her little son, Thomas Rolfe, was educated by his uncle, a London merchant, and afterwards went to Vir- gmia, where he became a person of note and influence. The poor princess shared with her father a belief that the English were great liars. Imagining that she had been deceived by their reports respecting CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 130 hs tn.e to number the people. This sage began at Plymouth, walking about with a stick in hi^ hanc makmg a notch for every man he saw. 'Bu quickly says Smith, 'was he weary of that task' especally when he stood on LondoA Bridge, whe"; he saw more people in an hour than he ever be o e seeinf'Tl r ''" • ^"""^^ '''' ^"^'^ -- those" pn ce On the first point, Smith satisfied him as veil as he could ; and with regard to the others In view of those who have tried to dismiss the Pocahontas episode to the realm of legend. Professor Edward Arber writes: 'The truth of this story was never doubted till 1866. when the eminent antiq'^.Iry ?jJr % "^"^'f Cambridge. Massachusetts, h epnntmg Smith's first book, the True Relation of 1609 pointed out that it contains no reference to this hairbreadth escape. Since then many Ameri- can historians and scholars have concluded that It never happened at all; and. in order to be consistent they have tried to prove that Smith was a blustering braggadocio, which is the very last thing that could in truth be said of him The rescue of a captive doomed to death by a woman IS not such an unheard-of thing in Indian stories. If the truth of this deliverance be denied, how then did Smith come back to Jamestown loaded with jeorge Cassen m particular, \i\ a most horrible manner.? And how is it, supposing Smiths account I :: j^l w" I "m. 130 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. to be false, that Pocahontas afterwards frequently came to Jamestown, and was next to Smith himself the salvation of the colony? The fact is, nobody doubted the story in Smith's lifetime, and he had enemies enough. Meanwhile, at Jamestown, a disaster happened— the deputy-president, and ten others, were drowned off the coast. A messenger was sent to find Captain Smith ; and after many dangers encountered while travelling alone through a wild country swarming with savages, he succeeded in overtaking him. Smith, hearing the unhappy news, resolved to con- ceal it from the company, and hastened his return down the river. But Powhatan having threatened to kill all his fighting-men, if they failed by some means or other to compass the death of the whites, this journey was one of no ordinary danger. Every stratagem was used to obstruct their progress, and lure them into an unguarded position. At sunrise, the fields along both banks 'appeared covered with baskets and men,' to tempt them on shore. The king himself once came down to the stream with a train of people bearing baskets full of grain ; but whenever the English approached, the savages were observed, though with hesitation and timidity, to fit their arrows in the string. All this ended in bravado, and the adventurers reached Jamestown without receiving a single injury or shedding one drop of blood. From this time, however, continual hostilities, harmless but irritating, took place with the Indians. Among the adventures of Smith, one v/as so curious, and is told by the historian with such comical quaintness, that we must quote the CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. j,, original account. The reader will perceive what a ludicrous stylo of spelling is used. ' By the way, l,c incountrcd the king of Paspahecrh a most strong stout salvage, whose perswasion' not being able to persuade him to his ambush, s eing h.m only armed but with a faucheon. attempted hoothlbv ""',''"' "'^ P'^='^^"' P-vented' ht shooing by grapphn^, „ith him, and the salvage o well prevented him for drawing his faucheo!, and perforce bore him into the river fo have drowned h m. Long they struggled in the water, till the president got such a hold of his throat he had neare strangled the king; but having d kwne ht faucheon to cut off Ins head, seeing how piuTuIlv iH-'n r v'' '"'" '" "''"y"^^' 0" ""^ °'her hand, an tnghshman, named Parker, fell into the hand ftr from tl" '""'" T""'""""' '''''"■ however, so far fron, taknig away his life, appears to have used h.m sufficiently well, although he effectually pre vented h,s escape. Three years after, when Sm^iA was encamping on the hunting-grounds of this chief Parker came to the tents, but in complexion and generaUppearance .o completely like a Red Indian, that he could only be recognised by his languaW He desired to be ransomed, but the king refused to accede, observmg : • you have one of m? daughters and I an, content ; yet you cannot see one ol 3^0"; men w,H, me but you must have him away.' He went to his dwelling in a passion, but at mWni^ht came and waked Smith, saying that ParLeTSd sent h r , °'l """"'''"■ °f ^"""^ P«^^"'= b«ns sent him, which was accordingly done. r; ■:! I 132 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE, The progress of the settlement itself now became more cheering. Quantities of tar, pitch, and soap- ashes vyere collected ; a successful experiment was made in the manufacture of glass; twenty new houses were built, with a more convenient church ; and nets for fishing were manufactured. To defend themselves, the colonists also erected two or three wooden forts or blockhouses; and to provide for the next year, planted nearly forty acres with vege- tables and grain. Their three swine, within eighteen months, multiplied to more than sixty ; while num- bers of common fowl were bred without cost or trouble. All this, however, was only provision for a more fortunate season to come, and the actual state of the settlers was greatly depressed. Half their corn had rotted, or been eaten by the rats ; and although the savages brought large supplies of turkey.s, squirrels, and other food, they were glad to pick up acorns in the forest. However, when neces.sity had forced them to greater exertions, their fisheries yielded an abundance of food. They caught more sturgeons than they or their dogs could con- sume ; and this, with roots and herbs, and a little bread, enabled them to live, without adding to their misfortunes and dangers the last sufferings of priva- tion. Sometimes a small party went up the country to search for corn. Everywhere, in the unmeasured solitude, they saw plains and valleys, where man might thrive and multiply; where the rivers were full, the .soil rich, the materials of trade abundant ; where fields could be ploughed and cities built; where .ships could ride at anchor, and a great state be erected, stored with all the treasures, graced by CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 133 all the arts, and defended by all the strength of c.v,lKsat,on For three months they lived in this manner on fish and wild herbs, roots and fruits. in 1509, a new supply came out from England, consistrng, when it sailed, of nine ships, with 5oc^ people ; but these, by storms and other accidents were much reduced before they reached Virginia Sm,th, when they came, was engaged in defending the settlement from attacks made on it from all sides by the savages. The term of his presidency had expired ; but so brave, so virtuous, so patriotic as he considered, that no man dared to succeed tnr.'^ 'V' ""^"'"^°"«ly called a second time to fill that honourable position. Whether enga-ed in quieting the turbulence and soothing the diss'en- sions of h,s ovyn people, or driving back the Indians, he exhibited invariably the same disinterestedness prudence, and valour. In spite of all this, his administration was not acceptable to the London Company, which only desired a sudden accumula- tion of -vealth. the discovery of mines and metals, and the opening of a passage to the South Seas In May 1609. therefore, they obtained a second charter, which entirely deranged the rights of the old colonists who had emigrated under the privilcfres of the former one. This was granted to twenty- one peers, ninety eight knights, and a multitude of esqui'-es, doctors, aad others, who named Lord Uelawarre as governor, with authority to supersede the existing administration. When, therefore a new disembarkation took place, new offir^rc were appointed, or rather usurped authority; the old flatterers of Captain Smith deserted hrm to fawn. I 1 ^u 134 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. on them and he was compelled to allow them their way They called on him to resign his commission ; but this he refused to do. although preparing to leave the colony at once, and proceed to England An accident he met with, from an explosion of gunpowder, which there was no medical skill at hand to cure, was the principal reason of his wish to depart. ^ The little settlement had been raised by Smith into a condition of comparative prosperity. There were three ships, seven boats, commodities ready for trade, the harvest nearly gathered in. ten weeks' provisions in the stores, and nearly 500 persons able and bound by their duty to labour together for the general good There were twenty pieces of artillery -rude indeed, but formidable to the savages-^00 muskets and firelocks, plenty of powder, mttch and shot, pikes, swords, and other arms, with all the miscellaneous instruments of war. The languages the habits, the manners, and the haunts of the native tribes. w^:-;e well known, and more than a hundred trained men were ready to repel their assaults. There had been collected nets fo"^ fishii" tools for all sorts of work, clothes for summer and winter. Six mares and a horse, nearly 600 swine as many hens and chickens, some goats and some sheep, formed the live-stock of the colony. The town Itself consisted of from fifty to sixty houses and was strongly fortified with palisaded lines' Besides these, five or six forts had been erected as outposts on commanding sites in the vicinity. All this was the work of a very mixed collection of nidividuals; for the first settlers in Virginia were CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 135 not of that hardy character which the founders of a colony should be. There was only one carpenter, with two blacksmiths and two sailors ; the rest were poor gentlemen, tradesmen, footmen, and adven- turers, by no means of the proper description to form the fathers of a new commonwealth. A few Dutchmen and a few Poles were among the number; but these, though accustomed to activity, neither contributed by their peaceful conduct nor by the purity of their njorals to the welfare of the young community. Confusion in the colony followed the departure of Captain Sinith. Large parties were cut off by the savages ; a division of authority produced entire disorganisation ; improvidence wasted the stores which had been accumulated ; and the settlers fell into the last stage of abasement and misery. Within six months after the loss of their virtuous president, the number at Jamestown was not more than sixty! including women and children. They had to feed on roots, herbs, acorns, walnuts, and berries, with now and then a scanty supply of fish. They ate their starch, and at last even the skins of their horses. ' If then,' writes Edward Arber, 'this James River colony had failed before August 1609, when the third supply arrived, the colony at Bermuda would never have been attempted, and the Pilgrim Fathers would not have gone to New England; but, if anywhere, to Guiana, to perish among its forests and swamps. So that, for about a couple of years, all the glorious possibilities that are still wrapped up in the words, UmUd States of Ainmca, hung, ii; 'i I !'i! If 'ii' ■36 HEROES OF UOMANTIC A„VENT«E public spirit of thi. .n'n ■ "'^''^^^''"^•^•'^ and captain. ^He ,^^ ^^^ 0.^^^::;^ ^ H^^ ^"^'^^'^ not to flincl, from duty or s c L ^ ''''"'^'''' know the great results f I, .^ ' ' ^"^ ^^'^ "^^^^r c^ou^ the L,oS;:;t'Sr^ through our thaTt^eXrn::^'not '"^^ ''''' ^' ^-^'t"^-"' -rvived. In 'L;rtre.n tv" V""'' ^^"'^'^^ ^-- Ijappiness have be ^ ^'th^v'^f "^ '^"'^ ^cscried, and Sir Thon^ G e ^nd ^ (? "^'^ Somcrs. with 150 men in-fvr. ! , " ^'''"'S^ the colony. In thi vl ^"^ ^^^^ '"^cour of was wrecL t th SS^ thT ''^ ^^^''^^'^''^ ni-shed Shakespeare, it I's s"id ^^^ '"^"'^"^ ^"'- his play n' t/;uL' tJ;''''' suggestions for which would have dcno^V.! <\t "^'"^ commission vessel At fiJ ^^P^^^d Smith was lost in this vessel. At the expu'ation of his v, r i,^ . and Captain Marti.i was elected If . /^".f^'Sned. - o,,^ ..e ,„„, ,r t:;:;; t^i't*= and represented on the s^^e T. ^'"''^"^^^'^cd, -uch, although the i;;£ j'^;:,;'r>^^^^ ^'- was no doubt grateful to his e.r Th '°""'''>"^^" refused to acknowledge t.k' Jtr^'T''' came to an end anH fl,« t . '^^^ authority ill-treated W L ^ t c , tc "^r™" ■•°^^='' -^ his flesh from Is bodv and Tf" '"«• "'"■^■' '<"•« square, in a most ^^"^t^^'^'CT '™ T'"' i uuiiier , but lo quench the CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. ,3^ nnirdcrcd In HI, ! ' '' '"" ""»''" '>»« been On 4th o:tob:":^™r,efrvr- '• '° '^"'■"^'"''■ wrote: 'What S| T , 1°""" "' J^">«'°'V" tlnf in IT u ^^y- 1"" "lus we lost him that m all h.s proceedings, made iustice l,i, Tl SMi^'^'^r"" ''" '''""'■■ -"tti "ba : its°oSi...f uhT:""tTr '"°"' '"' """-'f '■>- c oui lives, and whose loss our deaths' to the coa To'f Ne'^'p Vr™'^ sailing venture bv manv r.r u- r 7' ^^^ ^'^ '^'^^ employed ture tr l7 T i'^""' '° ""d^'^-taJ^e another adven- ture to New England, there to try the experiment scanty company. Compelled to return, h. a™ n aU e';irat:ri;r- ."" ^"^°""'- "■'"> a "le pirates and French privateers, with a ii ll J M r t ! r-J fT" V'>- 138 IIIiROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE, mutinous crew, and when at length l,e was captured by a French vessel, were extraordinary, as indeed the whole tenor of liis life had been. His captors were in strong force, and cruised from sea to sea in search of prizes, keeping him a close prisoner in he cabm of one of their small ships. First they ook an Lnglish vessel from Newfoundland, then a boat s load of marmalade and sugar from a Scotch- man trading to Bristol, then a Brazilian caravel with a valuable cargo and 30,000 pieces of silver- a Dutch merchantman and a West India man-of' war were their next prizes, so that their booty must have been very considerable. However. Smith was not a man to remain in confinement with docility He continually meditated escape; and one night' when near the French coast, crept into a boat.' paddled away by the aid of a half-pike, and after tossing and driving in the midst of a heavy rain for twelve hours, was fortunate enough to reach Kochelle. 1 hence he returned to En-land XVn\ ^l'V-\ ''''^f ^^ ^° ^''" countries'of the Western klouL \''''^ ^'"'^'y *° ^"^ geographical knowledge o America. He wandered through the regions to the north of Virginia, explored their rivers, conversed with their wild t ibes, collected specimens of their natural wealth, opened a profit- able traffic with the Indians, noted down all his observations, and employed a part of his crew to make a map of his surveys. Next he sailed to Massachusetts Bay, searched it from horn to horn ravelled through the broad provinces which spread their waste fertility around, and gathered every- where knowlpHcre ^f the n-'^' ,u^ , , ^ 1>^ '•• tne \\c.;;l;i, the salubrity, and CArTAIN JOHN S^tITO. ,jo a^ hough from between two oceans to the commerce and population of the ancient world. He eave h' fi5» Sood general idea of the contour of fl" NW gaft •,T.l";'^r "■■■^ -'"-' '■-■« chfr':: v<.h,i.p'u;:re''Tt;i:r ^diL" a:^ nca at Jcngth to enjoy a short repose Thrm ^re, when he had explored the shores L^the Ihv of Massacl)usett.s, I,e resolved to extend hi. ll ^ h:^e::;^torr^^?^"^^^'-^''^^^ peace of . ^^^J^-^'^-' ^"-th the honours and the amon..his .servants. 1 ^^^I'L^on'' toT^ Tut fuseJ^R r V''"' '° ''"^"' Virginia was Z relused. But his many labours had worn o,,t h.s constitution; perhap,,, ,00, the ingr "tude o Vtel,: "hi '" ""'' ■"™' P^^>'^^ "P™ "■-•i"d c""rd;';;;r:r;,:rV'5u::r,r-t rpu^i^cf.:;rjs -^"^ "- ^■■- '" - He summarised his exploits in 163, as follows- Having been a slave to the Turks ; prisoner anZ' •■■•- "'W5L uarbarous savaws • aft^r n,„ ^ :- "^ commonly discovering anlrai'igilrth^e itglX^ r»' 1 ii . 140 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. and unknown nations with such a handful of ignorant companions that the wiser sort often gave me up for lost ; always in mutinies, wants, and miseries ; blown up with gunpowder; a long time prisoner among the French pirates, from whom escaping in a little boat by myself, and adrift all such a stormy wmter night, when their ships were split, more than ;6 100,000 lost which they had taken at sea. and most of them drowned upon the Isle of Rhe— not far from whence I was driven on shore in my little boat. And many a score of the worst winter months have I lived in the fields ; yet to have lived near thirty-seven years [i 593-1630] in the midst of wars, pestilence, and famine, by which many a hundred thousand have died about me, and scarce five living of them that went first with me to Virginia, and yet to see the fruits of my labours thus well be^rjn to prosper (though I have but my labour for my pains), have I not much reason, both privately and publicly, to acknowledge it, and give God thanks.' Even in his own time, however, the public was forward to recognise his merits. Among the literary and scientific men of his age he enjoyed the friend- ship of many; and a whole host of poets, good, bad, and indifi-erent, eagerly undertook to celebrate his name. Eut from a historical point of view he has not been fortunate, for although his merits and discoveries are acknowledged, they have not unfil recently been properly described, or even enume- rated, so as to be rendered familiar to the world. Smith's most eloquent editor, champion, and apolo- gist in England has been Professor Edward Arbcr who in 1884 published a carefully edited edition CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH. 141 of his works in one volume. We have ourselves attempted nothing but a slight sketch ; yet even from what we have said, the reader will, we trust have formed no mean idea of the courage, fortitude' and enterprising spirit of Captain John Smith, who,' considenng the extent of his labours, the benefits he conferred on the colonists, and the rough but effectual diplomacy I , .hich he sought to impress the natives with a ^ opinion of the linglish settlers, will be acknowledged to deserve the name we have bestowed, as being the true Founder of the Colony of Virginia. His works include: A True Relation (iCo8)' A Map of Virginia (1612); A Description of Neiv England (1616): Neiv EnglancVs Trials (1620) • The Generall Historie of Virginia, Netu England, and the Summer Isles ( 1624) ; True Travels ( 1630) ' Advertisements for the Inexpevienccd Planters of New England (1631). There is a reprint of his works in one volume in Edward Arber's 'English Scholar's Library' {1884), and many of the separate works have been reprinted in the United States.* There "We have already alluded to the scepticism expressed by some as to the story of Pocahontas. Writing to the editor of this voiunie on 24th Apnl ,889, Professor Edward Arber says : 'The story olpocn' hontas IS absohitcly tru ,. Nobody doubted it till 1866, when Charles Deane started the present scepticism on the point. • Henry Stevens believed Smith implicitly, and he is the greatest authonty of our age. Before I edited Smith's works I kncvt of all this doubt ; and I went coolly and warily into the matter, determined to find out the truth. Bit by bit the evidence accumulated, until the honesty of statement and high character of the Lincolnshi e captain came out refulgently, wipiaiii 'Of Pocahontas's existence and services to the English colony no man doubts. The question is, did she render this peculiar «crvkc to 4 I ' 142 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. are many different accounts of his life; by Mrs Robinson (1845), W. G. Simms (1846), Deane (i8S9)> G. C. Hill (1858). G. S. Hilliard (1851), Charles Dudley Warner (1881), C. K. True (1882). Smith ? No one was present there but himself. Did he invent it afterwards ? Was he a liar generally ? Certainly not. In my reprint many greater hairbreadth escapes than that are recorded in his life- and m later Indian stories captive men have often been saved from' death by Indian squaws. Such an incident is almost common- place. 'So after a most rigorous test, I was happy to believe that the Pocahontas story is not a myth like the William Tell one but -i solid historical fact.' THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. H E chiv- alry of the middle ages may be said to represent the spirit of self- devotion to high and commanding interests ; and inas- niucii as every ex- emplification of this spirit is an encour- agement to noble enterprise, it is pre- sumable that some delineation of the one of its last and ^^3 l^jf ^"^ '°"^"^t ^^ acceptable to many of 'ouT ^ r W^^ present a brief account of th^ ' ^ ! ^^^'^^""'^ achievements of the Good T^ /^^^^"^^^es and cne Uood Knight Bayard~thc Hit 144 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. famous chevalier 'without fear and without reproach;' who s history, though it reads hke that of some fabuious or mythic personage, is, nevertheless, in all substantial points a thing of actual and authentic fact. The study of human nobleness, under any manifestation, can hardly fail to be attractive; and if we can faithfully portray the lineaments of a hero of the fifteenth century, some serviceable reflections may possibly be suggested to an intelligent inquirer of the nineteenth. At any- rate, we can promise the reader a pleasant and entenaining narrative; a story of so much adventure, courage, hardihood, and generosity, that it can hardly fail to excite a measure of sympathy and admiration, both for the extraordinary feats of bravery to be related, and also for the lofty qualities of character which they severally serve to illustrate. Pierre du Terrail, commonly called the Chevalier de Bayard, was born in or about the year 1476, at the Chateau Bayard, a (c\v leagues from GrenolDle (where a statue was erected to his memory in 1823), in the provmce of Dauphine'. The castle is a short distance from Pontcharra. Entering a dilapidated gateway, there may be seen two ruined structures. One of them, once a chapel, is now a stable. The principal tower had three stories, of which the first only remains. The reputed chamber of Bayard is still shown : when the Archbishop of Embrun came into possession of the estate, he gave orders that it should be kept untouched as a memorial of him. The chateau has been restored at the expense of the parish. Pierre's ancestors, for many generations, appear to THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. . , - ^' 145 tt;.r.f::t '".:::! tt " "'%'^^*-^ -*-« of the EngH.,h^:;X ' :->;,';:;^-^,^-ing "^ -- progenitors died o„ tile field of hlf 'n™ed,ate fell at Poiticr, •,„ 1 ,„ .. """"^^ ' <>"= of them father was Sd " m °Hr - '' "^''"^ ' ■"'' e'^'^l. so severely wounded iT"' '' ^f ^'' ''"''^^ "^^ be thereaLrTncame L i r'^ ""^ ^°"'= ^I- « ^ retired to the SwTZ u"^"' "■"'"<'■ «= and there, aftef r fo "Zl" IfrS;:' o'f h'^t^ "''' thatr^dt; wi'l^'' -^ «;'- "e believed nigh, he called t/ulfL^'ZT^ '™' *^'^'"S presenceofhi<-wifel,t^^-^r ["■■'"■ ''"'^ '" '^e professions o Z^; Tit wT T^'"'''"^ '"^ wishedtofoUovv Tl, , "^"''' ""^y ^^^ra'ly he would Iftel ll ' M' T ""^'"S ''^ked what never to leave tl,ef;^-i'l'' "'"' " ™= '''' '"* wait upon hlUt to ' t™"' '"' *^ ='^>' '"^ To this the good fnther = "=™'"1"°" °' his days, since thou lov°s° tlic oh h '"'"■'^.' '*'^"' '^^"''e'^. here to fight the bo^ 'Tr' \°" '•''"" ^^■"="" second, who wa our 7 '"• '"'"'"S '° 'he yet having rooted o" you to the end of in your hfe, my heart the fine traits which I lii J t46 HEROES OP ROMANTIC AOVEHTURE. you claily recite of the noble men of days past par,aWarIy of tl.ose of our o-,v„ house, I^rilfb ! If t p.cascs you, of the same profession as yourself "V, • ^ ^race, not to dishonour you' Ihis speech the youth, though little more than b ami;;'/"" f '''■ ''"''''" "■•'" ^ -kef i td beaming countenance; and thereto the good old man rephed with tears : ■ My child, may God s gra e be with thee; already thou dost resemble in face and figure thy grandfather, who was in his time one of t„e most accomplished knights in Christe ! Iho two other sons expressed a desire to devote w " n,'': "" ?"Tr "' "■= p"-'"~'i ! ™^ inVh r,- ! ' '" ''""■"'''^' ""=y both attained to high d,.,t „ct,ons-the one becomincr 'Abbot of Josaphat ,n the suburbs of Chartres,' ^nd the other h, rrce.'""^^ °^'"'=' '"' ^""-"-""^ ^ w"'op. old^'l^orJ.f'n "" rr'"''"" «■'■"' '"^ =™=. the Old l.or tower of the castle shedding tears of tenderness, for glad as she ^3 m • a! El. ■48 IIFROK OF Ro>,ANTIC ADVENTURE came to tell her th-,f ^ "°"=^"' "'>™ they the gentle lady v '„ raMhrh TT" "^P"'' and having sent for Til l^ '"'^' "' ""= '°"er, words: 'Pierrrniv fr '"h *''"'" '"''" '" "'ese a noble prince T d " ' ^°" "' ^oirg to serve things, which "you do r ^°^'° "''''"' three The first is. tharbeSe ^iHh ^°" *'" P'°'P"' and serve God neve/ ff .! "^' y°" '°^e, fear, for it is He who did '='J'™ '' P°^^*le who will save Z an! 1 >.'' '" 7^°"' "'" ''■^^' '"•<' we can do no ^od .Wn^ !'"' ""'' '"^ ^raee morning and evTrv . -^ "'" "■°'''''- Every hhn, a,rd He ^W rai^ y^ tZ""'" 'T^'' '° you be centle n„d .„ . "<"^°"'' 's. that all pride E chew ev?'","' '° ""' P"'th>ff away sober and trmperlte pfe? '"^ ?' '^'■""°-'- ^e vice. Be neithe a Jtl """^' '°' ''' '= "» "^ious -ch people L'idU cr;i"°:„r i^fr^--' ^' loyal in word and deed K^. "''"' ^""^ Succour poor widows and or^ al 'Z G^od™^-?! recompense it fo -.rr^,. tu ^, ?"^' ^"^ God will of the goods h,^h God slln°-""' "f^ ■■^' "'^' to the poor and „ee!r V ^'™ y°"' ''^ charitable makes no n,an poor f /T ,'° ^'' ^°' ^'^ ^ake child, that z 2- ;:' 't: :sr •■™" -• my body and soul. This fs liThav 10";''^" ■" I am persuaded that your f,fl,„ , ,'"^F ^°" ' THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. ,49 at that time staviivr tu. I ? ^''^°>' '^''^ bcng Sunday, the bishop rose eady a^\™ ^ o pay h,s reports to the duke, who ^ are toe. tit Yo L .™\"' '■'■' <^™"'"S' Tl'<=y «e„t took ll 1 , "'■"''• =""' '''''^■- maiis tlie duke took the b,shop to dine with him, on whieh occason his young nephew served him -,« h;! °""''"" nn. 1 i u.^°""^ ""^^ proceeded to his lod-inr^ and had his charo-pr c-,.1.11 j ^""S'^ff. he hnH fni ^ saddled, upon wliich, when j:dX[^txr;;a?;v;L^ ;:-My-rfS-b^--,:-^'^ My iord rephed the bishop, ■ he is my nephew- of agood race which has sent forth gentle kSh H,s father, whose health is so n.uch u„derm?ne3 bv wounds received in battle that he earn "come duk. r , \ ■ '."^ '" 8"°'' '■'"■'h'' ■•epHed the duke, I accept ,t gladly, Tis a good and fair ■il! ISO IILROES OF UOMANTtC ADVENTURE. present God make him a true man,' So i,c com ..ewo.u\eo^JI;f^-!■7,:;r;etr'•°"''''^^ and m truth, • there was neithi page nL iord ' !„' could m anythh,g con,,.are with i inf • for l,c , , ^ When l,e had been about half a year in the .rji^lh \^f ;;t'r T ■•- r™'-^ 'i-s kings and ,rinc ' ad l;". 'ta """J intercourse, and often uv„f , l"*^""'"" ™ys of with less ceren,on;u: , „w t'helsl S' "'"" .fe, holdu,g jousts and tournaments 3aily ^am '" ""= evenmg dancing with the fiir ..,/ • ladies of the neighbourhoo 1 ' And a iovi.f'nr'' c-aH^abr: ,"h,ena;"rcrnr::.rr'i "-i THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 151 him off, as it did before tlie age of eight-and- twenty; for had lie lived long, he would have achieved great things.' On this occasion, when he heard that the Duke of Savoy was coming to see hull, he sent the Lord de Ligny and other gentle- men, and some archers of his guard, to meet him ; and as they rode back altogether into L>-ons, iiis lordship was pleased to notice young Jiayard and his charger, and being 'charmed with them.' he recom- mended the duke to make a present of both to the king, which the duke resolved to do accordingly. The king received his visitor very graciously ; and during dinner the next day, they had 'much dis- course of dogs, hawks, arms, and amours;' and amongst other things, the Lord dc Ligny mentioned to the king the page and his gallant charger, which the duke desired to present to him ; whereat his majesty, swearing lightly, as n as his wont, returned • 'By^the faith of my body, I should like to see him.' Young Bayard was therefore sent for, and commanded to appear on horseback in the meadow of Ainay, whither, shortly, the king and a large company proceeded to witness the appearance which he made. As soon as the king beheld the youth upon his charger, he cried out : ' Friend page, give your horse the spur,' which he did forthwith ; Ind you would have thought, to see him start, that he had been at the practice all his life. 'At the end of the course, he made his horse give two or three bounds, and then returned full gallop towards the king, and stopped short before him, making his -lorse passage, so that not only tnc king but all the conipany were delighted.' Then the ^king said MM 'Sa ItKROES OF ROMANTIC AI-VIiNTUUE. to the duke- 'Tn.i,, ".ana,e a horse bf^.T'l,!' V'"'""^-^'''''' '" gi™ ".c your page and'hL h ","' "="' "" J™ you.' So botl.'^p^:/' t ", „''°'-^'^' i'"' bej; them of thcLorddcIfc,v°,vi, ?"-" "■"•'= committed to S"y, who huinb V tlnnl/vl I,;, for he conceive,] tliat he coL , "'^•''•'*>'' of the youth as would .lo, '"'"''^ '""'> '-^ "^''^n t'on/says mine ^t 1 ? ."'^^^^^ 'a" expecta- divers places ' "^''^^^^' ^^'^"^^^^ ^vas well fulfilled in J^e had reached [he .^e of ' '^^"^'' "^^ ^^'^>^" charged from pagd cod' and .;'?''"'''". ''' ''"' ^'- to bear arms'a^ Te 'of hi^^Lrr'"'' ^"'-^^'"'^^ being, however, still retained ..^^,' con^pany, household. ^"^ ^' ^ gentleman of the About this time there came m t of Burgundy, „amed AlasterCHt^de'dlT";'""^" man skilled in tlie scienrrnf Vaudray, a ally devoted to 7^. He ptld'trV""' '""'''''°"- -aking a progress tl ou" ffcin'r' "''°' ="''" again at Lyons tint to i,„° , '^'"g^'o"'' «'as now fro. id,en^ss;l,e': o'uld "^rm t hif; t"'^ '"T"''" passage-of-arms. as well ™ lo, u , P™''"™ ^ with lance and battlelve w ,/i ^^"''^ "' "" f°°f. Wni ; for indeed tiewl ■'■'■'''"''' '"''' 6"""=^ useless tin,e on h ha f- T"^/ ^""^ "''' °' than such Joyous ;Ltte " feter 0"'^"^ ''^'"^ '"g y, arranged matters to the t t JTh '' l-^"- and, as the custom ^^■.. i °' "'^ abi ty. all gentleme, X d 's;:d^:P r",'""'"^' "'"■<* came to touch, and had the! ^'"^ "'"'' ^'^'H tl.e king-at-arms, .I'pl dt[ '""'" '■""*^'' "^^ THE GOOD KNIGHT UAVARD. ,53 to?ra':'~'' n!r' ';"' '''''' '''' ^^^- '- --^d 10 DC a pap— Bayard was passing by the shield. ^vhen the thought struck him : ' If I IZ W to equ.p myself, I would gladly touch the "hi d" to Ct 't'tl •;;.'" '" ''■' ^^ ^^"^^' ^"^ ^--topped 't tl i. H-n '""'■' '"'""^'>' °" '^'^ "^'-^tter. Just a h.. tune a companion of his, one Jiellabre who had also been educated K.. De I i^rnv r.nT , asked him wlu. he W.S thin^•,g'o^^^^^^ friend,' replied the o'hr.- 'if -oc 1 ^'^ '"^ ^-^'t"' to dismiss\ne from m ";4c." ^^b^H^T '"' to appoint me in all thin " / ^ ^" ^^''°"'' nir,n 1 f '"^ "\all thm . ...i.pertaining to a gentle- man but a desire has seized me to ? .urh MalL Claudes shields, and I know not, when I sh.H have ftorscs. Bellabre, who was older than he -.nd reckone rather a fast gentleman, replied ' 'My excellent companion, are these your thoughts ? And at this suggestion, the good kni.-ht without When he had done so, Mountjoy, kine-at-arn,s "4'fe™r^,^l-/r-te"" W n„ , ^t^Td "•' f " P"".^ °' ovelldne': Iron, th J .. '■ '" '''''™ 'he science of arms Iron, tl,ose who were competent ,o teach him, a"d m- 154 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. perchance also 'to do something which might gratify the ladies. Hearing this, Monntjoy laughed, and was well pleased, as was also the Lord de Li-„y when the report of it had reached him. He went directly to tell the king, who was pleased to say: By the faith of my body, cousin, your pupil will do you honour some day, to judge from his begin- mngs.__.Ue shall see what will come of it' said De Ligny ; 'he ,s young yet to stand the blows of Master Claude. To touch the shields was an easy matter; but it was not quite so easy to find the money needed for horses and accoutrements. However, early the next morning, young Bayard and Bellabre got into one of the Lyons boats, and rowed across to Ainav KK ? '1'^! '^"^"^ ^' "^^"^ ''''^^' ^'^^ ^O'-P^lent old abbot. When they disembarked, the first person hey met in the meadow was no other than 'his lordship, who was just then reciting his breviary with a monk. The two gentlemen went to salute him but he-having already- heard the story of the shields and having also some presentiment that he would be expected to come down with the money- received them but coolly, and addressing his nephew said : Well, Master Scapegrace, what Ims made Tj so bold as to touch Master Claude de Vaudrays shields.^ It IS but three days since you were a page and you are bu: seventeen or eighteen, and should be whipped for your presumption.' Nothin- daunted, however, the young man answered tiiat i^ was not pride which had urged him to such bold- ness but 'the desire to attain, by deeds of virtue,' to the 1 .nour which his ancestors had acquired; THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYAUU. 155 'g and that, as he had no relative or friend cxcei)t the abbot to whom he could at the nionient have recourse, he trusted his lordship would have tlic kindness to assist him. But the abbot was by no means so ready to part with his cash for the young man's purposes. 'By my faith,' said he, 'you may go seek elsewhere some one to lend you money- the alms given by the founders of this abuey were for the service of God. and not to be spent in jousts and tournaments.' These words of the abbot were instantly taken up by Bellabre, who, being a man of the world somewhat, observed: 'Mv lord, had it not been for the virtue and achievements of 'your ancestors, you would not have been the Abb(;t of Ainay;'and he went on to say that it was proper for men to evince gratitude for favours they had received, that so they might hope to e.vperience It for those they could confer; adding further, that as his nephew desired to distinguish himself, the abbot ought reasonably to rejoice, and ended by saying: 'You must needs assist him, for it can cost you but two hundred crowns to equip him well, and he may do you honour that may be worth ten thousand.' Being thus appealed to on the sa^re of personal interest, the abbot, after some discussion, consented to assist his nephew, and gave him there- upon a purse of one hundred crowns to j)uy a couple of horses, providing him also with a letter to his agent Laurengin, in which the latter was instructed to supply the youth with clothes and accoutrements. The abbot afterwar that his nephew had dr; to the extent of eight hundred fl rds discovered vn upon his liberality "ancs. The abbot i; ^iP' I Mai •56 IIKKOES OF KOMANTIC ADVENTURE. sent to recover part of this sum, but was too vent to a gentleman, who, having lately brok n h^ "men lie had. riic horses were tried, and purchased for .10 crowns, and taken to their stables where they were well groomed. And so now the youn„ gentlemen were both In a condition to an, ear ha^ somely ni the lists. "jjijear nand- As h chanced, they had not to wait lon.^ • for three days after, Master Claude de Vaudray on'ened Ins passage-of-arms, at which he was encou tered K':n:c.rar,^:"''"TVf, """""', ?^ "- '--''"'"of ^m^ Charles. The honest old chronicler mention, then best. Young liayard, being scarcely ei4,teen and thus much younger than the rest, emered the ■sts an,ong them, and ther. made hi Cess '- n,ost skilful a;,ddo:ghtrw:r,t:~';:'r,::c^^^ Yc I know not how it was, whether it we, "he r / ."V" ^"^ '""' f"™"'-. or whethe Master Claude de Vaudray took pleasure in l>im but there i!™,.::'s:o7th:',:t:';f°Lyi:':i ^-f ■■' -- a'o", the lists, after lua:[,,^T,; h . de'rir^.f ...s Visor up, and Hushing, . he, adies'LoturdWrn . I THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARn. 157 by saying: "Look at this bashful stripling, he his done better than all the others V" And he em,ir^-t - much favour with all the companr.ha a s're, •tvfhefVH'V"'!!^ ■'"'■" '""-'LorddeLg'; liy the fa, h of n,y body cousin, li.iyard has made a 8.od beg,n„„,g.. „,-, ,„„,,,„.p l^^ .^ ^^.^n^ ■th the ku>g; but he slyly remarked that the young „,ans uncle the abbot was not partieuiaWy well pleased, as his bounty had been too free v " .awn upon in ,|,e „,attcr of the aecoutren" ts i"auo'd'i'd\,Trc:„:u;"' "^ ""'''' '-^''^ After tins tourney the Lord de Ligny seni for ■n ™',"h Ti "'"' ""'• ^'"" '- commencemen m arms had been successful, it would be well for h,m to go into garrison in Picardy, and there endeavour to perfect himself by further practr/e Accordmgly, m the course of a few days u-efi^d h.m m the pleasant town of Aire, procl i i„f a tourney m h,s own behoof, at which prizes were to be g,ven to the best doers-namely, a bracelet of go d and a handsome dian,o„d, whL migt serve the wmners • as a present for their ladies ' When the day of the tournament arrived, some divided by fair lot into two parties of three-andt wenty on each side. The trumpet sounded and was first called on to present himself, and acainst h,m came a neighbour of his from Daunhin, nCd Thl tw,; ™7.^'°"' ''"d ^"ffieient man-at-arms. The two ran their course at one another, and the f: -^f 158 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Sood km;c,^lit broke three lances liandsoniely in tlic fray. Tlien came the .s\vord-fiH e nnght ,„,,., ,„H| Have a ehance. to wh, , fat of .he second. On thin occasion ,he „ood knigh enconntered a gentleman of I,ai„a„h, of „,„ 'ciH.te, calle,! I|,,„otin de Suckxr. The nunner o the content was on this wise: 'They tl„-u " tl II then lances were hroken in pieces; after which Ley se,.ed their hallle-axes, and dea t each „ J '"oital. At leiiKth, the good kniglit struck his rc'n;?':;;'; " '■'"" ■"" ">^' ^^ - "-'"^ "i" the; I »as worse, fall on both knees, and the. 1^. knnnjj up his attack over the harrier he ado Inn, k.s, the ground ;' wherenpon the udg nnerfered, and decide,! ,|,at the adversary !,id ^ot enough After ,!,ese two can,e othe.sf who ° .-^ecms, •|,err„rn,ed „o,nlers with their .nces ' ;„d . ealt each other heavy hiows with l„ttle:axe u! m lor a httie toiuney,' says tlie narrator, 'tliose who were here saw ..s ^ood performance as they Z^ beheld ni all their lives.' When all was oven the combatants retired to I e,r several quarters ,0 disann, and then betook hcraselves to those of the good knight, where a -anquet was prepared; and the two judge, and ho .ad,es were .already arrived. After s pperfcame the awardn,g of the pri«s. • The gentlemen , cpe r! and then the hid.e.s upon their conscience, and ^1 I 5 :f I* ^ id M 'I 'm IH ! l6o HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE, without favour shown to one more than .mothor. to declare their opinions. The result was, that ladies and gentlemen agreed that, though each had done his devoir as u ell as it v as possible, yet, in their judgment, the good kni-]u was best in both dap; wherefore they referred it to him. ay having gamed tlie prizes, to bei-low his pres-nt? where be thought fit' Jl ):ird assigned the prize of the first (hy fo his trusty fricnrl ]]ellab;e. and that of the second to a certain 'Captain David of Scotland/ who may pcrhai>s, n this nineteenth century, have some descendants not unjustly proud of the distinction. Cn tne delivery of the prizes, neither nen nor women nuirmured ; and when thev had beei- handed over, dancing and other graceful pastimes closed the entertainments of the day. And the ladies, it secm.s, never ceased praising the good knight, who was beloved in Picardy as never man was before him. 'He was there two years,' says our authority abruptly, ' during which there were many tourneys and sports ; in which, for the most part, he carried off the prize. And the greatest cause of his being universally beloved was that there was not on earth a more liberal and gracious person : for, if any of his companions lost a horse, he remounted him ; if he had a crown in his purse, every one shared It. Young as he was, the first thing he did when lie rose was to say his prayers. He was very charitable; and no man could say he had been refused by him any request it was in hi< ower to grant' Some two y.irs after the incident. •!•-: elated. !>e THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. iQi secure his services for the exoeditinn a a he adversary, and gained 'a glorious vfctorv' ?n antly He had two horses Icilled under him on 3rdin--:ra^sitd-"L:^hen^Vr "Ken HI, and died; whereupon Louis Duke of Orleans, as his nearest heir came to ,t I Franrp h„ n,. »-.i r . '" '"^ crown of J-rance, by the t.tle of Louis XII. Soon after hi, accession, the new king attempted the recovers 'f e'ded" r„d aft"'"-;" • ''"'^ -"-P-e Te'L ! ceeded , and afterwards, it seems, the French -arri ons rema.ned in Lombardy. amusing then sdves' w.th jousts, tourneys, and other knightly paSmes kn"ht'"LkT' ""' "P°" ■'■■^ hand;^he good mght took occasion to visit a noble lady who clarlef "rT""" '° ^'" f°""" "«^'". 'he Duke Char es of Savoy She was dwelling at Cari-.nano m Piedmont; and, being -full of'courtes;:"""' K 'ir ft: I' ^1 i. II- 162 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. received him hospitably, and treated him as a member of her family. While here, he fell in with Madame de Fluxas, an honourable lady, who had been governess of the house ever since her younger days; her husband being a respectable gentleman, who superintended the duchess's household. 'You must know,' says our authority, 'that when the good knight was page to the Duke of Savoy, this Madame de Fluxas was a young lady-in-waiting on the duchess ; and as young people seek each other's company, there sprang up such a love between them, in all honour, that had they followed their inclina- tions, without regarding consequences, they had married.' After Bayard left the duke's service, the young lady wedded the Lord de Fluxas, ' who was rich, and took her for her good qualities,' she having, indeed, no other fortune to recommend her. She had now become celebrated for her great beauty and powers of conversation, and received the good knight most welcomely and courteously. They dis- coursed much of the days of their youth ; and she reminded him of the credit he had acquired in the lists with Claude de Vaudray, of the tourney in which he conquered at Aire, and of divers other honours ; and altogether lauded him so highly as to put him to the blush. After a good deal of pleasant flattery, she at length requested him to give a tourney in Carignano, in honour of the duchess; a request to which he readily acceded, saying : • Truly, since you wish it, it shall be done.' As we have already described one tourney, and shall not have space to depict a tenth part of the Others in which the good knight was engaged, we >fl n as a i in with vho had younger ntleman, 1. ' You hen the voy, this liting on h other's en them, ■ indina- hey had rvice, the who was 2 having, ler. She t beauty the good rhey dis- and she ;d in the ■ in which honours; put him t flattery, )urney in equest to since you -ney, and rt of the jaged, we THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. i^^ was considered second to hin„df^ Aft « "'"" SIX days spent in feastin,r Jr ^' ''"^ "^ gentlemen returned ofl,.i '^"'-"^"°' '^e French The good k„i,hra,so° ^^U ClTL^rr who expressed lier^Plf ^v.f , ^"^ duchess, been educated t firV™"" '''' "' ^^ leave-taldng yet remain dt^h tt ZZ TZf'"' who had been his first ln„„ "".^'"'y ''<= F'"xas, •their parting was nof w t, o^u't ":^rs":n'?" """ and a sad heart on his/ The Lord d.FI ^^'^' not a jealous gentleman, nor indeed h^d"!' "" occasion for evil thoughts so f r , ""^ knight without reproach even t,„ ^T'""^ ""^ honourable love' het,„l' n °"S'' 'he 'mutual ■lasted until death Ir" "'^'"'^ "'"' "'<= '^dy their sending ptlrea'chorr'''^^^^'' "'••''-' with 4ard rn're'lisl":,,""^"':? "' -- ^as been cise; b^t no, "e a raporoV, '"' '''™'™"^ »^- dangerous adventures and shT '°""' °' ''" "'"^^ hi- as he appeared ;„ id' t^''':;r::j' '''"''' Stance of war ' IVhnn f i . • ^ ^ ^"^ circum- possession of Mi,rLudtic'sLt fhT^ ^" governor, had fled for refu4 into r °'"''' not long after his flight bv J . r '™^"^ ' ^"^ vvhich he was well provided^' t u "'°"'^' ^'^^ siderable ar--.. ^'/ ^ ' ''''^'^^^^^ ^ ^on- succeeded . .etakL'!"'""'^ ^''^ '' ^'"to Italy, ^etakmg the aty from the French .1- if 164 HEROES OF ROMANTIC AOVENTURE. At the time when this occurred, Buyard was in garrison about twenty miles from Milan, with other youthful gentlemen, enjoying daily ' wondrous beau- tiful jousts with one another' Having one day heard that there was :. .newnere in th . neighbour- hood a company of 300 lujrsemen belonging to the enemy, he prevailed on forty or fifty of his com- ])anions to go with him to beat up their quarters. The Lombard captain, hearing of their approach, drew out his men to receive them, about two or three bow-shots from the barriers of his position. As the French came up, the two parties charged each other stoutly, and several on both sides were unhorsed. But after ai hour's fighting, neither party had the advai.lage ; on which account the good kni<^ht was somewhat disturbed in temper. However, he urged his companions to make a more animated effort ; and then his party charged the Lombards so furiously, that they began to give ground, and retreated, fighting for four or five miles, in the direction of Milan. The French pursued them till they came close to the city, and then one of the ola ^ cavaliers c..,lcd upon the rest to h;dt and turn back ; which accordingly they did, with the exception ^f the good knight, who, heedless of all considerations about i\is safety, in hot pursuit of the enemy, entered right into Milan. Cf course he was instantly taken ^ l.joncr ; and the Lord Ludovic, having heai' he noise thereby occasioned, inquired what it wa^ ad n being told a hat had happened, desired thuw the kiiight should be brought before him. The prince, having heard a great deal of his THE GOOD KNIGHT BAVARD. fgj brought hh„ ,„ri,,j":;,^ -",r-^ »;'•« had ord,' replied Kay.d, "-unarshed, "^ Z ^TlyTl to have entered alone l.i.f „.„i , ' '""* panions follo.in/'™ ! but the " T "^ "■"- better than I for hJ ., . ^ understood war an have been'pt 'e^ '^'^ ^' ^^'^^ -""• ";y miJmp. J thank fortune t"at I h 7 n '"""S the hands of so brave ind „1 ,, '^'""' '""' this whose prisoneTl an, ' T, ^ ' «'""">'^" =" Lord Ludovie treated th„ I P™P"«ted, the and J>avinff asLcd ht ; T "'S'" "'"' '°"^'^'y- the stren^tf, of the F. , r"'" '^"'-"-'"''"'^ respecting with his horse "h ^ "i'"'' '" '""' "' "'"^'•'3' conduct to r;arri,o™' '"' ""' ''™ ""''" -f- --^ere'd'!";';" '"^"^ "' "''■'•" ^eing both re- after t, Tr th'ee years'^fi I"""' .^'=™'"--'' •• ^^ cess, the French :ee>''uf a^^n ^-'f ^"^- were !hus un-ihl» »„ ^' "" Pomts, and While tb CtsTnn *'°°' ""-''^ ""'"Pri^c. were oceasi^n.l 'e .^L^ f ?f' 'l™'"'' -cm there soidiery experi..^' r 'o'rdt '''r '"f '^ ''" ennui and uncertainty. Bay\rd , ^. ^''comforts o^ Minervino, and growL thJJT ''"""°" " ■™ long, he one evenit s'm tl I, "° '°°"'^ "P • Gentlemen, we sti-na?/r companions: our enen,ie. Either'^we s ir =«''"i """'ing of want of exerci.in" ,, ^'■°''' effeminate for exercisnig our weapons, tJ '"'"'..^""^'"g "■- dare not /b7 our fortress. VVhcrefo re I feai lies quit propose to-morrow to I! Hi |66 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. ride between this and Andria or Barletta. Per- chance we may meet with some foragers of theirs, which I should Hkc marvellously ; for we may have a skirmish, and then let them have the honour to whom God shall give it' All approved the pro- posal ; and next morning about thirty of them sallied out, and rode towards the garrison of the enemy. • i i • 1,4. It chanced that the same day a Spanish knight, named Don Alonzo dc Sotomajor, having with him some forty or fifty Spanish gentlemen, all picked cavaliers, made a sortie from the town of Andria fo; a like inroad on the French. Such was the fortune of the two captains, that on descending a little hill, they came in sight of each other within the distance of a cannon-shot; and, as you may guess, were not long in coming to blows. The French charged the Spaniards at full gallop, who, in their turn received them gallantly on the points of their lances. At the first shock some were borne to the earth on both sides, and with difficulty remounted by their companions. The fight lasted half-an-hour, without its being possible to say which side had the best of it ; but in the last charge it was the good knight's fortune to break the Spaniard's ranks. There remained on the field seven of them dead, and as many prisoners. The rest took to flight, and amongst them the captain, Don Alonzo. He, however, was closely pursued by Bayard, who called on him to turn, as ' it were great shame to be slain fleeing ;' and being a brave man, and pre- ferring an honourable death to a shameful flight, he at length stood up against the knight 'like a E. ta. Per- of theirs, "nay have lonour to the pro- of them )n of the ih knight, 'ing with enicn, all I town of Such was lescencling lier within you may )\vs. The lUop, who, the points lome were h difficulty i^ht lasted say which : charge it Spaniard's en of them st took to on Alonzo. ayard, who : shame to n, and pre- leful flight, Tht 'like a THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 167 1 •'5 IZf, '^"^ ' ,""'' ."'"y '^'«^l>='ng<=d fifty sword.blow5 h d lift r""^- ■^'^"""''''^' "■= °"^" Spaniard had left the,r captain ; and being thus forsakxn l,e vas presently overmastered, and finally yielded un back to the French garr.son, where Uayard assigned to h,s prisoner 'one of the best rooms in the cfs k and supplied him with a dress;' telling him a the same time, that if he would give h./word not to eave the castle without permission, he should rema " there, with no further restraints upon his liber'v until he had paid his ransom. Don Alonzo h,' return thanked him for his cout.esy, and p dged hjsjaith not .0 depart without the good knigllt's But Don Alonzo was not a man to keep his promise. He stayed within his bounds for two o three weeks, 'making great cheer, and havin^the run of the castle, no one interfering with him°' but growing weary of his confinement, and none of hi peop e coming to ransom him, he was induced to violate his honour by bribing an Albanian of the garrison to provide him with a horse, and flee with him to Andria. Bayard, on discovering his escape was naturally incensed, and forth uith sent a party of soldiers in pursuit of him, ordering them, if they found hin, to bring him back alive or dead; and f It should appear that 'that rascally Albanian had a hand in it/ they v.-ere to bring him alsoTfor he good knight declared h: 'would hang him rom lo'it'i';",^"^ .-,.'■" --?'<=■ 'o air who wer" — .pu^._.u lO iniiLace his treachery. Don Alonzo was overtaken, and carried back hi fi - > ! ill! ^i .11, I ^i •ii ■L'fri I l68 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. custody to Minervino, whither he had no sooner arrived, than the good knight exclaimed : ' How ! Signor Don Alonzo, you pledged me your faith not to leave this without my permission. I will trust you no longer, for it is not honourable in a gentle- man to escape when he has given his parole.' The Don pretended that he had only gone off to fetch his ransom-money, intending to send it to Bayard within the next two «'ays. But the good knight was not at all disposed to accept his excuses by way of payment On the contrary, he confined Don Alonzo in a tower for fifteen days, though without putting him in irons or subjecting him to other hardships ; ' and as to eating and drinking,' says the chronicler, ' he might be well content with his good treatment.' At the end of this time a trumpeter arrived with his ransom, and he was released. He took leave of Bayard and his companions courteously enough, and at the same time witnessed how the good knight generously gave away the whole of his ransom-money among the soldiers. Don Alonzo had no sooner got back to his friends at Andria, than he began to complain to them that, although in some respects the Lord de Bayard was a generous and noble knight, yet the treatment he himself had received from him was anything but such as was becoming from one gentleman to another. As there is always somebody ready to report unpleasant observations, his complaints were not long in reaching the good knight, who, on his part, was in no small degree surprised at them. He imm.ediatclv assembled his people, and after telling them the purport of what he had heard, he asked I sooner ' How ! "aith not •ill trust L gentle- e.' The to fetch Bayard 1 knight :uses by nod Don without to other says the his good •umpetcr ;ed. He arteously how the le of his is friends leni that, yard was tment he hing but em an to ready to ints were o, on his icm. He er telling he asked them THE GOOD KNIGHT I3AYARD. 169 vvhcther they had seen anything of which he tion. They all assured him that, iiad Do,i Ajon/o been the greatest prince of Spain, he could no have goTd "^''^ \^y ^y ^-^'^' ti-n,' saL U fwifiL^r^irr.:^^:^;^^^^^^^ . "° theKhre called a clerk, and dictated a letter "> these terms: ■ Signer Alonzo, I hear that a e your return from being my prisoner, you lave :r.reaT"'""'r? """"^ ^°"' P~P'^ ''^•'t ^^ contrarv Z ^e™"«">••'"■ You k„„„ „,' contrary. But smce, .f ,t were true it were L'reat dishonour to me, I have written to you ,1 is |et^,,' by wh,ch I pray you to recall your words i„ ,,resx"ce of those who have heard them, confessing, 'a. ru h you , and so domg, you will consult your own aspersed. But ,f you refuse, I am determined to make you unsay your words by mortal combat your person against mine, whether on foot or Ce back, and leavmg you the choice of your weapons • and so adieu.' This letter was forwarded '^ a herald ; and when Don Alonzo had read it, he wn,.e .n answer: 'Lord de Bayard, I would ,ave y u know that I never unsay what I have said ; nor • e you the man to compel me. Wherefore I accept the combat you propose, within fifteen day.s from ai rvvo miico irom uie town of Andria or wherever else you please.' ' 11! . :^! Et IS ■ill I 170 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Bayard was at this time ill of a quartan fever; but when the day of combat arrived, he went forth on horseback, with 200 men-at-arms, to meet Alonzo, according to arrangement. The latter then objected to fight on horseback, and chose to fight on foot, thinking that as the good knight was enfeebled by his sickness, he should have the better chance to conquer. Bayard allowed him to have his choice; and after fitting preparations, the two began the contest. Bayard walked up to his enemy ' as confi- dently as if he were going to dance with a lady;' and Don Alonzo, on his part, advanced with as little fear. Going straight towards the good knight, he said : ' Signor Bayard, what is your quarrel with me?' And the good knight answered: 'I would defend my honour.' Then without further words they closed, and dealt each other a furious blow ; the rapier of the good knight wounding Don Alonzo in the face, whence the blood began to flow. 'Never was seen two more doughty champions ; each was sure of foot and eye, and would not strike at random.' However, in the end Bayard killed his man— not, it seems, intentionally, 'for he would have given a hundred thousand crowns, had he had them, to have spared his life.' But the deed being done, it only remained for him to show his generosity to the fallen. 'You know,' said he to Alonzo's friends, ' that it is for me to do as I will with the body. I restore it to you. And truly I would, my honour being safe, that it were otherwise.' The Spaniards then bore off their champion's body with piteous lam.entations ; and the French escorted Bayard with trumpets and clarions to the garrison, where the in fever ; ent forth : Alonzo, objected on foot, :ebled by hance to ; choice ; egan the as confi- a lady;' with as d knight, irrel with ' I would ler words lus blow ; in Alonzo . 'Never each was strike at killed his ould have had them, :ing done, lerosity to >'s friends, body. I ly honour Spaniards h piteous lyard with ivhere the THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 171 return thanks for h,s victory. • They then,' says ~Tul\ ?'"', '^'"" ''>°-""e' ■ ^"d '•- was o" ^f th ^^ "'" ^'""'^ ""'' Spaniards, to be be found accomplished l'. 176 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. It appears to have been in this wise. About the year 1509. a treaty of alliance, offensive and de- fensive, was formed between Pope Julius II., the Emperor Maximilian of Germany, and the knigs of France and Spain, having for its object the destruc- tion of the state of Venice, 'with which, says the chronicler, 'it seemed that the Lord was wroth for their great pomp and little acknowledgment of bod, their luxurious living, and haughty contempt for all the other princes of Christendom.' In compliance with this treaty, the king of France marched an army from the duchy of Milan, and conquered several Venetian towns and castles : among others, the castle of Cavatas, which we mention for the sake of bringing in a curiosity of facetiousness, on the part of Bayard's secretary, or ' loyal serviteur, who wrote the original memoirs. He says that the castle was carried in two hours, and some rustics found in it ' were made to try whether their necks were strong enough to carry away a battlement' That is to say the poor fellows were hanged ; and this so terrified the people of other places, that, with one exception, there was no town or fortress which thereafter offered any resistance. All the towns and places which the king of France claimed were yielded to him ; some of them being restored to the pope, some to the king of Spain, and, in particular, the keys of Verona, Vicenza, and Padua were delivered to the French kino-, who subsequently gave them to the emperor. But inasmuch as Padua was very insufficiently gar- risoned by the latter, certain Venetian captains ma'^- an effort to recover it, and, after a sharp contest, obtained possession. With the help of the IE. Vbout the i and de- s II., the e kings of e destruc- ' says the wroth for nt of God, ipt for all :onipliance larched an conquered )ng others, or the sake :ss, on the /iteur,' who t the castle ;s found in were strong at is to say, so terrified : exception, ifter offered ;s which the him ; some to the king of Verona, the French he emperor, iciently gar- an captains ter a sharp help of the THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. 1 . ^ "^■^tj\i<.u. Jo- king of Franrp fh«. ^^ and it was duri'nllhr"""^ T '-■"> -^Sc to if performed the "xplo I, f • "'*' "== e"d knigl , While ti,e en,;:^ o telC"" '° "= "^-""^A place, they were frea ,Im? !,■ ^ """'P'^^ '"^''ore the rison of Treviso a 1" "'^ ''^ ^o'd'ers of the mr -iles from PrduV'Xe"™ ''°"' "-and-t:'..; was stationed Master Lu[; A,'"n"^ .°"'" "Pt^"«. enterprising offieer.T«torH "''•''"• '" ''^^^ and would be rousing up the em n'"' """' ' «ek, he saw any opport„„i,^ 'f ;'"P"°f ^ "™P.- and if he chief, he n^fer sp red Wm 1 i" ^'^"^^^ ^ "- ■f not, he prudently reth^d i,d ' ^'''"'P'' '"'^ Th.s proceeding annoyed tlU V" '°'' ^ n.an. ;ngly;andl,avrng by hi "f 2°°^ k„;g,„ '■gence of the moveme ,ts o Ar°?,'""'^ 2°°" '"'el- ■"■ned to go and seek hi n in h!"''"^'' ^' ''^'er- Communicatin. ifva^ ..« and saw thelL t 7; ''^' "P™''' '' '" P"»". From the first Wsh ^^ " '"'""e'" "' "°""ded ate toward/ l/rhou^Sd™^""''^;"'' "'-•''"■ the door, and place°d"tt° to "iCst ifcT '■ "' nothhf, by ■n:rjor ' -r^f ;„tT ^^tT"* !"'- goes on to say: • The ladv nf trf„ i ''^ "°''>' '■■•n. into a handson e d iXr Ind ^T-^"? "'"=" on her knees before l„-„, t "irowmg herself lives of herlelf and le?; '°"^'" '"'" '° ■'''« "'« knight rephed 'Madam Tt ''°""« S'*' T''<= g""'' recover from my wouj h .'"ir' r''^"'" ' ^'«" shall be offered o v™ ' ""^''^ ' ''■^^' "° '"'"^' When he cam^ h« • , ^"^ ^^" "^oors off. When he came, he ex^n^ined the wound, wliich w^, J f '% tJ t 1 86 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. deep and wide ; and having extracted the iron, which was a most painful operation, he assured the good knight that it was not dangerous. At the second dressing, came the surgeon of the Duke de Nemours, who afterwards attended him, and treated him so skilfully, that in less than a month he was ready to mount on horseback.' While confined to his bed, he was much chagrined at his prolonged inaction ; for every day news came from the French camp, how they were approaching the Spaniards, and daily expecting to have ? battle. At length, one morning, he got up, and walked about the room, to see if he could support himself; and though still weakly, he sent for the surgeon, and asked him if there would be any danger in his travelling. The surgeon, knowing how impatient he was to be at the approaching battle, told him that though the wound was not closed, it was healed within, and if his barber would, every morning anu night, apply a bandage, with a plaster he would give him, there would be no danger. The good knight hearing this was overjoyed, and thereupon ordered his servants to be ready for starting in two days. On the morning of his departure, the lady of the house entered his room with a casket containing 2500 ducats, which, with many compliments, she begged him to accept, as a trifling consideration for the great kindness which she and her family had received from him. Bayard, with a pleasant laugh, declined the present, and proceeded, in return, to thank the lady for the good cheer and many atten- tions which he had enjoyed at her expense. Much astonished at his refusal, she persisted that she J RE, d the iron, assured the IS. At the le Duke de and treated )nth he was h chagrined r news came approaching ave ? battle, and walked lort himself; iurgeon, and nger in his impatient he )ld him that was healed Horning ana ' would give good knight pon ordered ivo days. : lady of the t containing Hments, she lideration for family had jasant laugh, In return, to many atten- ense. Much ed that she THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. jg; recdi'e tX7 T'""'^ "°"''^" '^ ^^ -"'^ "ot receive iici l.ttie offenng, which she declirr^rl fr. k .".;r,C' s "• -^;™^'«'»"-"' on -rl-l ! h, f o 1 ' '"^"'^'"' ^ accept It for love of von • divTded t "dJ^'Lolf •■"'"""'■■ "'^^"'' '-" addressing the ">ls ° ""'"^ '"'"°"'' "'"' "°"- ave ocen pillaged, and request you to undcrHk-o i"."- r; ,"i" '■•■ '""■ •»■" ""S I-rench camp, where, on his arrival, itT, saW L induced .he empero^:; w.^lX^.-^r^vJ;:,^ sw rai, d^t;rzr '^™'^ °i "-^ ^™''^" reduced and e ,' b ™, X-e" l"l' -""i" '"'°" ""^ to the town n! vJ ? ■ "''''S'^J ""•■" to retire town Qf Uvm; from wl.ieh place also they niif* 1 88 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. were subsequently driven, and had to abandon nearly tiie whole of their possessions in the country. The reader will be concerned to hear that, in the retreat from Pavia, the good knight was ' wounded between the neck and shoulder by a ball, which carried away the flesh and laid bare the bone,' Some thought he was killed ; but he, nowise fright- ened, assured his conii)anions that there was no great harm done. The surgery in this case was rather of a rude description. ' They stanched the wound, as best they could, with moss from the trees, and bound it with linen which the soldiers tore from their shirts ; for they had no surgeon with them by reason of the bad weather.' However, through good- fortune, he was soon in a condition fit for travelling ; and having now no further work in Italy, he seems to have journeyed back to his native country. On returning to France, the good knight went to Grenoble, to visit his uncle the bishop, whom he had not seen for a long time. Here he was attacked by a violent fever, and was so ill that his life was despaired of. During his sickness, he manifested a considerable deal of piety, sadly bewailing himself on account of his sins, and thereby melting the by- standers to tears. The good bishop was continually in prayer for him, as were likewise all the ' nobles, citizens, merchants, monks, and nuns' that were resident in the neighbourhood. 'And it could not be,' says the chronicler, ' but amongst so many people there must have been some person whose prayer the Lord would hear ; as was sufficiently apparent, for by degrees the fever left him, he began to sleep and recover his appetite, and in a fortnight KE. abandon ic country, lat, in the ' wounded all, wliich tlie bone' ^isc fright- e was no case was ncliL'd the , the trees, tore from 1 them by ugh good- travelling ; , he seems try. lit went to oni he had ttackcd by s life was mifested a ig himself ig the by- :ontinually le ' nobles, that were could not so many son whose sufficiently , he began a fortnight THE COOD KNIGHT MYARD .g^ the ladies, a„ 'b 'Zr T""^ ^'" ''■■'"•i" »"d conclude from this Lt ,h , '"^ "" "^'"^''' '■> not .survive his ici. el ^' Rood knight's piety did days, he would cek,:;"' T^ '''"' '" '''°^ the recovery of tlfe k'L. ■■ ^f "''''"■ '° .insist in king of ArLon h ,d f ' ""^ ^'''""'- '*-'"<='' "'C than that the J IfVn ?'''■ °". "° °"'" ^^-on 'he king of Fr"fcc i"'Z:''' "'friendship with 'aid to l'a„,pelu 'a r,"JZ 'Tf'"°''- ''"S' «-»' 'he"rT;;/x'ire:r^;rvvT'° invade Picardy TheEnTh'" T'"^"^ "'■"■>' *» of Charles Brando, D*f'„t ""'Z 'he command Talbot, laid sie.re o Tn^ ' ^ ^'' ^""^ ^"P*'''" afterwards join:? by the C^'in" '"" ^""^"^ way thither he was =»" , *^, " P"'°"- On his »ho eapturedUmhm"'" tX;"-^ ^-^-^-'sht. one of the twelve nr.„ t?, , cannon, forming ■Twelve AposLsP 5w ? ''f '"••'J<^^'>' "^^"ed thf followed, aSd which v. '" '^.'"'"''^ '''"'^ shortly Spurs'theFren r ufe^dtd "' ' ""T °' '"^ 'he good knight, f't^ fntsirrb^'"'^ """ powered by numbers), had t "s e ariTh; l| i r III ?• 1 tQO HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. enemy. He was conducted to the English camp, where he remained for three or four days, and was treated by his captor with marked distinction. The emperor, moreover, sent for him to his quarters, and after some gracious observations, remarked jestingly: «\Ve were formerly at the wars together, and I remember it was then said that the Captain Bayard never fled.' 'Sire,' replied the knight, 'I was never in that school where I learned to flee : had I fled, I should not have been here.' The English monarch gave him a more courteous reception, saying: 'Truly, my Lord Bayard, if all resembled you, I should soon be compelled to raise the siege.' After a brief detention, he was liberated on his parole not to bear arms for six weeks ; and in compliance with that arrangement, he went to spend the time in visiting certain towns in Flanders. In less than two years after the Battle of the Spurs, so called because of the speed which the French made in retreat, the good king, Louis XII., fell sick and died, and was buried at St Denis with his ancestors. His successor, as is not unknown to readers of French history, was Francis I., at that time a handsome prince of twenty, and but lately married to the Lady Claude of France, eldest daughter of the late king, and Duchess of Brittany in her own right. Soon after his coronation, the new king made preparations for reconquering the duchy of Milan; in which enterprise the good knight was sent forward with a detachment, and ' rendered the king good service, by surprising the Lord Prosper Colonna in the town of Villafranca, and IE. ish camp, s, and was tion. The artcrs, and 1 jestingly: ler, and I lin Hayard er in that 1, I should larch gave j: 'Truly, , I should 'tor a brief Die not to liance with le time in :tle of the which the ^ouis XII., Denis with t unknown .ncis I., at y, and but ance, eldest of Brittany )nation, the [uering the jood knight d 'rendered the Lord franca, and THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. , . 19! making him and several r-inf^.v crowns.' ThTs cntur. " ^ '° ''"" °^ 50,ooo ■for had no ,e Lo d r' '""f""^ " S^<^-^ affair; they Lui „.e,Tdl;ril : ".t' '"""""'"^ "-■' ^ s«S%s::rU'" r'*^"<^'-= ■" p— - or captnre of L^J pj 7""^ °", '"^'•"•'"S "f 'he re reated to Milan Tl '^ ' ,''^^"'^°""' 'hem, and forth, r„d n«de"i ,^ ?" "^'""''"'"™"y^''"-d camn If M? '^" irruption on the French camp at Marignano. The kin" wn, „„ ,1 '^'™^" of going to supper, but he loft t "" the pent went strairfit with hirr untasted, and "- Swiss, in the^'dnsk t "'en-'r^r "'"'" mounted on a traihnf ,,„ , , • ''™"'"?. 'le was 'he first had be n k ^d' '"/'^""^ '■"-^' f"^ first ehar<>e The li , • ""'" *"" "' "'e him, thatliis IZ/'T-m""''''^ '" ""'^ ^^°"t , iiidL nis Jiorses bridle was torn nff \vu file animal felt himself without eiT he r\ ? in sn te of fV.^ c, ■ . , "• i^ein, lie rushed, and 'as carry n^;-!' "f "'™"S'' "-'^ '^"^^ hody of th::r';L'rh:t;'sSn-tr -^""f; hy some Vines festooned from ^T:^^:^''^ It iaw !l 192 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. losing his presence of mind, he quickly dismounted, threw off his helmet and crosses, and crawled along the ditches to the French camp without being dis- covered. The loss of the French was very great, but they, nevertheless, gained the victory, and the town of Milan surrendered. The king on this occasion desired to confer the honour of knighthood on certain of his officers; but as, by the rules of chivalry, only a knight could confer the honour, he sent for the Lord de Bayard, and informed him first of all that he himself wished to be knighted by him, as being 'the knight of greatest renown for his feats of arms on foot and on horseback in divers battles.' Bayard urged that a crowned king, like Francis, was already a knight above all other knights. But the king said : ' Come, Bayard, despatch. Allege me not laws and canons ; but obey my will and command, if you would be of the number of my good servants and subjects.' The good knight then replied: ' Certes, sire, I will do it not once, but a hundred times at your command.' And, thereupon, taking his sword, and laying it on the king's shoulder, he said: 'Sire, may you be as renowned as Roland or Oliver, Godfrey or Baldwin his brother; and God grant >ou may never turn your back in war!' And thereafter the good knight kept the sword 'as a sacred relic,' in honour of the event. The Emperor Maximilian, incensed at the king of France for having thus conquered the duchy of Milan, came into the country with new forces, foi the purpose of regaining it. He was obliged, however, to retreat; and after some suspension I TURE. 7 dismounted, :rawled along ut being dis- 13 very great, tory, and the ^ing on this )f knighthood ■ the rules of the honour, informed him be knighted atest renown )n horseback t a crowned might above aid : ' Come, and canons ; ou would be ind subjects.* ;s, sire, I will nes at your s sword, and said : ' Sire, d or Oliver, i God grant war!' And sword 'as a at the king 1 the duchy I new forces, was obliged, ; suspension THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. of hcstilitfcs, he died in fi grandson Charles, he LfliT -'^'^^ ^"' ^' emperor in his stead M^f , ^'''"' ^"^^ ^'^^ted ;523«the nj'^^jr^::^^^^^^^^^ - 40,000 men, and liavL „i "" ^"^Y of "«= '<">g of France 'rf.f"' ''"'""S"'? '° tow of Mcziires a hi- T^ ""-eatened the Netherlands. Francfs dZ T 't .T '^'"^ °" "'<= ■'ere was no man in h,«\ ^edanng that '■•■"i greater confidence Th ^"^^ !," '" "'■°"> ''« the town ma very poor nlfhf^""" '^"'^ht found but, setting every oloflf '^^^^.'''^"ding a siege; condition. Being besie Jh^*" . "'" tolerable '•^ "ad great dfficn t'^t si li^ ""-, ''°"'=^"- yet, by a strata-em h^ = '"^ '"'"g the place ; of the two at tal- L camoTt '" '"""""e °"« position and .oin ,l!.„fh ^ ,'" '''""'"^ from its "«ndcrs got 'Zo a . ° " "''"''''>' "'<' two com- forthwith ^ated ri,e "e":" --"derstanding, and only one thousand n^f ' i, ? , ^°°'' ''"«'«, with for three weclc, a d Z' ^'? ^"^^ ""=™ "t bay t„ • 1 "^^^"■•^' '^»tl, meanwhile thp L-J^o- ^r t- "^ 'ev.ed an arn,y powerful enougVto d "ve L of the coiNitry. Bav3rH'= = • ™ them out acknowledged and ,1, "' '''"'= graciously He was crated h ,7*^ f T'?"''''"''^'' "'y '"'= "aster and received ; c '^m^fd '7^'^ °i ^' ^"^h-'. arms. command of a hundred men-at- «he'^:ori:„;:S'Vt":rd'":.°f'''-j'---"ction3, 'o"g. ThatiLvitS"^^m^-"l.-S;H^ 0^ {^-^samiamim 194 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. Steps of every man favoured by fortune throughout many hazards, was now on the pohit of overtaking him. At the commencement of the year 1524, the king of France had a large army encamped at Abbi- ategrasso, in Italy, under the command of his admiral, the Lord de Bonnivet. In this army Bayard held an office of command, and was sent by the admiral with some 200 men-at-arms, to watch the motions of the Spaniards near Milan, and to defend the village of Rebec against them. The place was assailable on all sides, and there were no means of fortifying it except by barricading the entrances of the streets. For the purposes of defence, the good knight considered the forces intrusted to him as utterly insufficient, and he appears to have several times represented the danger of the enterprise to his superior, the admiral. The latter, however, paid next to no attention to his representations. The Spaniards, who were 15,000 strong in Milan, learn- ing from their spies that he was in Rebec with so small a party, determined one night to surprise him. The night selected for the purpose happened to be rainy, and the officers on guard at Rebec, suspecting no danger, had left their posts, and there remained nobody on watch but three or four archers. When the Spaniards approached within a bowshot of the village, they were astonished at finding no one in the or«-skirts, and thought the good knight must have heard of their enterprise, and retired to Abbiate- grasso. But, on advancing abou. a hundred paces further, they encountered the few archers who were on guard; and these, on being charged, instantly fled in great alarm, and hurriedly gave notice of the II rURE. 2 throughout )f overtaking ear 1524, the ped at Abbi- •f his admiral, Bayard held • the admiral the motions ) defend the 2 place was no means of entrances of ce, the good 1 to him as have several enterprise to owever, paid ations. The Milan, learn- sbec with so surprise him. ipened to be c, suspecting :re remained lers. When vshot of the J no one in knight must 1 to Abbiate- ndred paces rs who were ;d, instantly lotice of the ""^ ^OO-' KNIGHT MVARD. sssaulf "Tu ■'95 charger, hastened, w^ or fv'f","'™"""? "i! at-arms, and a small number ^ V'" °"" -"un- certain Captain Lomes tofh k "■''""'y ""der a »;as going on. The" ei'ieL "■'"■• '" ^^e what vjihse, intent on ii^di™ fe 27'""°"""'"^ ">« Kn.ght liayard ; and Indeed^ rf' °^ "■« <^°°'i '■'">. there would have been 1 "f ^'^ ''^'' '^^en As yet, however, thev conM ' '""*= '^f '<> do the fight was go ngTn at l"b' ^'' •"■"• ^^^'^ drums of their infentry bea.in T'Z' ^' '"'"^ 'he «|m%htway he desired^a^r "'^ '"''''''■ ""<> h's men, whilst he himself and i,'*^",'" '"'^"^'^^ them in the rear. Thej^ V "'! "^"'■'y P^tected abandon their baggage tT the" " "'"^^"^ '» deavour simply to^ra;etidrVe;"Tr- '"' '° - was done, the French mni- ^'"^ eventually '"- they lost onlyro"t:?„mer"^'" ^ --' "^--P to be dimini^i g'dX^Th • "T^''^''^ '"'^ ^'ckness, ealled together a !^i^ ,°"S'' '™« ^nd was then determhfed to withd f *'"'' ^"'' " the retreat, the good l-„ J ""' "'= army. I„ 'he rear-guard Tht s7 ' "i "'"^'' ^"'"'"ed wi h <^^y to dfy, and lid fctt J°"°r '"- f-- .iytr:tvXl^"'^'^-^^^^^^ if 196 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. .JMa out on each side of the road a large body of hack- butters and harquebusiers, whose pieces carried large stones, and with these they did the French consider- able injury. Various gallant noblemen were slain ; and, worse than all, the good knight himself was one among the number. He was steadily retiring before the Spaniards, and frequently turning back to face them, maintaining the greatest calmness and resolution amidst the peril, when suddenly ' a stone from a harquebuse struck him on the loins, and broke the great bone of the spine.' He was on the point of falling from his horse, but still had strength enoujT^h to support himself by holding on to the saddle, till a young gentleman helped him to dis- mount. He was now pressed to withdraw from the field, but his answer was that he had never yet turned his back upon an enemy. He was placed against a tree, with his face towards the Spaniards, who, on hearing he was wounded, became instantly impressed with great concern on his account : ' for,' says his biographer, 'he had always been very kind to his prisoners, and liberal in respect of their ransom ; and they knew that, by his death, nobility itself was impaired, for, without disparaging others, he was the most perfect knight in this world.' The Marquis of Pescara, and other noble Spaniards, who came to see him before he died, expressed the greatest commiseration at his fate, and spoke loudly in praise of his honour, daring, and magnanimity. Amongst others came the Duke of Bourbon, who had been formerly engaged in a conspiracy against the king of France, and having fled the kingdom, was now in command of the Spanish army. He TURE. )ody of hack- ; carried large :nch consider- n were slain ; : himself was adily retiring turning back calmness and lenly ' a stone he loins, and [e was on the 1 had strength ig on to the 1 him to dis- Iraw from the ad never yet e was placed he Spaniards, ame instantly ccount : ' for,' een very kind pect of their ieath, nobility raging others, world.' ble Spaniards, expressed the 1 spoke loudly magnanimity. Bourbon, who piracy against the kingdom, ih army. He THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. came with the intent of .n^ "" """"' '^' noble l-night, teliinj h „ w™"'"^ '° ~"^°'e the the accident ^^■hlcb h^T hTl"'^'^ ^^ vvas at to send him the be tl"'". '"'"'' '"'^ offering 'vhose assistance thnel ^'°';' '" ">^ ^^fy, by "..ght possibly re'cd^'^tr"' ,'= '"""S''' he recognised him, he a,^ver!d m" ',''7?'' ''"'s'^^ longe; need of phv-sicinrr 1, / '°"^' ' have no °f the soul. J am o" to°'h"'^''.°''^' h"t of those ™y honour unsullied ; but oitv •'""''^' *h° die with "'ho are in arms a-^a nst v^ ^ " ■''^""'' '^"^ '» you, ••"Id your oath." He eonr f"""' y°""' country, three hours, the enemv ■'" '° ''"" '°' '>™ » »n,e tent over him aL h7, "'"''^""^ " hand- priest was brought^; ? f t '""' "" ^ ^cd. A himself; and then ,Wtl fi" ^ '""outly confessed the hands of the E "Lt he "^T' '"' '"-^y «t breath. ^-ternal, he calmly yielded up his gentlenten to^'c r^ h^ td'al^ f""?'""^'' -""= service was chanted over v <■ "'' "'h^^ solemn followers then carried hi,T 1°' .'™ ''^y^- His countryofDauph,™ „e 1'^°''^ '"'" his native hcing paid to his rem „,'?'',?' "'""^'•y honours he duchy of Savoy. We are toM ';,''""'='' 'hrough the mourning which tool nl "'"' '" ''""Phine "ent of his death Zc°°iJ,T" " *" '-"'""""ce. twi ; and it was confi l !, " P°"'^'"'' of descrip. -"d years before rereh'j "'' '"" '"' ^ 'hou- so lamented by all ra„L ." '^""^ * gentleman 1 ■(' i if fit fp 198 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. monastery, about half a league from Grenoble, amidst the tears and lamentations of the entire population of the neighbourhood ; and so great and passionate was their grief, that ' all fetes, dances, banquets, and other pastimes ceased.' Good reason, thinks the chronicler, they had for their regret, ' for a heavier loss could not have happened to that country.' By way of conclusion, we will cite some sentences fropi the eulogy of Bayard's loyal serviteur. 'To enumerate the virtues of the good knight,' says he, 'would be superfluous. All things pass away but the love of God. Suftice it, then, to say that he loved and feared God above all things ; he never swore or blasphemed ; and in all his afifairs and necessities he ever had recourse to Him He loved his neighbour as himself, and never possessed a crown but it was at the service of the first who needed it. He was a great almsgiver, and gave his alms in secret ; he succoured widows in distress ; and during his life, had given in marriage a hundred poor orphan-girls, gentlefolks, and others. If a gentleman under his command was dismounted, he remounted him, and in a manner not to offend his delicacy, often exchanging a Spanish charger worth 200 or 300 crowns for a nag worth but six, and giving the gentleman to understand that the latter was just the horse to suit himself ; so graciously did he confer his gifts. He was a sorry flatterer, and never swerved from speaking truth, were it to the greatest of princes. He looked with contempt upon this world's wealth, and was at his death no richer than at his birth. In war, none excelled him; in conduct, he was a Fabius Maximus : in enter- TURE. noble, amidst re population nd passionate banquets, and I, thinks the for a heavier )untry.' me sentences rviteur, ' To ght,' says he, iss away but say that he js ; he never 5 affairs and 1 He /er possessed the first who sr, and gave 's in distress ; ge a hundred thers. If a smounted, he to offend his :harger worth but six, and lat the latter >o graciously )rry flatterer, h, were it to ith contempt his death no excelled him; is ; in enter- THE GOOD KNIGHT BAYARD. j^ gentle and courteous to h s f kndc Th. "'T-^' marked him for a perfeci ,nMi /'"^"=^ l^iLties hound in attack, I w^/'^a 1 ' deVet^r./a'^Tr ■n retreat. I„ short, it would tak a ' o'd :rrtor his life to recount his virtues ' us some intere thr'limp L "oZ'th '™""' ''""'' Kr.^,,' r . ^ t>"mpses ot the 'imao-e anH body of a time which ordinary history ts b , f indifferently represented. We see in 7 and Inf; ^ ^' ^^""'^ ''''"' y^^ ^ '"^n of chivalrous etts-r„ird,t::fo:id'r:;k-^ h.m m a manner worthy of admiration. ' N?8" I U !!■ GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. lUSEPPE GARIBALDI, the Italian patriot, had a marvellous and adventurous career, and went through more actual perils by flood and field than any hero of romance. He was born at Nice, 4th July 1807. His father was a simple God-fearing fisher- man, seldom in prosperous circumstances ; but he continued nevertheless to give the boy a tolerable education, possibly with the object of making him a priest. He seems to have been a bright brave lad, concerned in all sorts of adventures, played truant when he could get the loan of a gun, or ,DI. the Italian adventurous actual perils ) of romance. July 1807. taring fisher- ces ; but he ' a tolerable making him bright brave ures, played if a gun, or GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 201 coax one of the fishermen to take him in a boat. He went oyster-trawling, was often sHenf and thoughtful, and would read under th d ces for hours when he got a book that in eres'd h'm. He could snig most of the son-s of he and that any good he possessed he owed to e^ of oTv'tir 'V"\ ''""''y °™'. "'uch fonder on' ^afd ' S"fi r °'f ";?'' P"' ^"-"^ P™™-"^ Levant KnV ^ ,"°"'''"'^"'"' '""^ =^'''^'' f°^ "'e i^evant. But we had not gone as far as Monaco when we were pursued and overtaken by a '■ eor aTr"' commanded by my good father. We were ca^u «l v..hout bloodshed, and taken back to o ,r , o„ e, « eedmgly mortified by the failure of our enterprise flv1,t f;;^ r"" ^" ^""^ >"- "ad betra^T^; Seated .? 7"T '° "'= P""^'P'^= "'»^'' were mculcated at school, and the motives used to s andT- "' '° '""'y' ' ""■ "°» -ble to under" V-"' """^ "nsoundness and their evil tendenc" A- were m danger of growing up with only selfish lit I l|l aoa HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. f''i ' ifi and mercenary views ; nothinj^ was offered as a reward for anything we could do but money. ' Giuseppe was determined upon becoming a sailor, and, rising rapidly in the merchant service, he was api)ointed in 1828 second in command of the brig Cortvsc. The next few years were passed in trading- voyages cither to the Levant and Black Sea, or to the various Italian seaports. Once, while his ship was loading at Civita Vecchia, the young sailor obtained leave to visit Rome. The sight of the Eternal City, her monuments of past glory, and evidences of present abasement, left an indelible impression upon his heart, and, joined to his frequent intercourse with Greece — then in all the fervour of her dear-bought freedom — decided the bent of his principles. His letters and rude snatches of verse, written about this period, show the kindling of a passion for national liberty, to which, whatever may be or may have been the exa'^geration of his views, not even Garibaldi's worst detractors can deny him the praise of having unselfishly and consistently adhered. Until he attained the age of twenty-six, however, his political sentiments exercised no influence over his fortunes. Quietly following his profession, with a good reputation for seamanship and commercial knowledge — both requisites in Italian masters of trading-vessels — we find up to that period but one othor characteristic incident to record. Falling dan- gerously ill at Constantinople, he was kindly received and carefully nursed in the family of an Italian exile. On his recovery, unwilling to encroach on hi.s friend's scanty resources, he gave lessons in writing, French, and Italian, and thus earned sufii- ■-i J RE. ifcrcd as a ley. ' ing a sailor, ice, he was of the brig in trading- Sea, or to liis ship was or obtained ternal City, :s of present I upon his course with dear-bought :iples. His itten about passion for be or may /s, not even II the praise lered. ix, however, flucnce over fession, with commercial masters of iod but one Falling dan- dly received an Italian nicroach on I lessons in earned suff,- GTUSEPPE GAUinALDT. 203 dent to support himself, and defray the expenses ol his loner i hpsq imf.i -.v 1 ^ expenses employment ' '^'" '° '"'"'"^ '^'^ ^''^S^nal JHit with the dawn of the vnr i9,. change for Ginh;.lrh t ^ .^^ '''''"''' "" 8^'"<^''*t th/"for*^H;/'''""""^,'"''=''''"5 '° "-^ conviction affa r, of r , """ •■"" '"'P'^ °f « "Change in the .r to-Vo'nt cr"ti ">= Prison, and hu g T p IZuT" =>, '^'"' -and,, bound together aftheVi^^ fJ'J '^ ""^ the wretch keot mn ..„ 'J"-'^- "or two hours My whole body w"s throf '' '" """ "'^"""• '•^»t. IfeltasifbTrnin^h rf'"'° ' '"S'' '"^^'"■^■' swallowed water whTch "fas alll T'' ' ''^""''""y being .nble to ...X^I^IXT th ""L°"' ■ngs which I endured aft., k • ^""^ ^"fi""- indescribable, ye I did 1T "^ ""''°""'' "-^--e a dead man and t fs easvt Tf '""• ' '"^ "k<= have suffered extreme vTh»H«'™ """ ' "'"« four miles throuT a „ ' ''j"' '*"' travelled fifty. ■•nsect, are instable TtL'"""'"' '''"''' '^^ »"" then I had returned tt m^d /'" ^^^^• my liands and feet hn„„j f distance with to the terrible stint of the m ' '""'''"^ '''P°'"^ me with viKour and VrJ T?.""°' '"''•''' assailed :l:-^e^^of•sr;h:^-^rhrt- f "55S3IH 208 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. a powerful interest. While in command of a couple of launches of the Republic, and when on shore with only thirteen of his men engaged in making char- coal, he was surprised in the wood-house by the Imperialist commander, Maringue, and fought a hundred and fifty enemies, from nine in the morning until three in the afternoon, killing and wounding many of them, and finally forcing them to retreat. The entrance of the Lagoon dos Tatos was com- manded by two towns in the hands of the Imperialists, so that it was judged impossible that the Republicans should show face in its waters ; but our hero caused his launches to be transported in carts drawn by two hundred oxen, over the intermediate country, and with vast labour set them afloat in Lake Tramandai. This part of the lagoon was very shallow, having only about four feet of water at high tide; besides, 'on that coast, which is very open and all alluvial, the sea is never tranquil, even in the most favourable weather, but the numer- ous breakers stun the ear, and from the distance of many miles their roar sounds like peals of thunder. Here, with his usual ill-fortune, Garibaldi's own launch was wrecked. 'I was at that time on the top of the mast, hoping to discover some point of the coast less dan-erous to approach. By a sudden turn, the vessel was rolled violently to starboard, and I was thrown some distance overboard. Although in such a perilous situation, I did not even think of death ; but knowing I had many companions who were J ^..ffp.-lncr f»-'->nT «;pn -sickness. not seamen, auu wcit ouneiing i.-.u. - I endeavoured to collect as many oars and other f URE. i of a couple m shore with naking char- ouse by the id fought a the morning id wounding to retreat, tos was com- : Imperialists, : RepubHcans • hero caused rts drawn by iate country, )at in Lake on was very of water at i^hich is very 2ver tranquil, ut the numer- ic distance of Is of thunder.' ribaldi's own of the mast, ;he coast less ien turn, the rd, and I was :hough in such link of death ; ons who were ii sea-sickness. >ars and other GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. ^^ him in reaching tL fho e" Tl, °fi fjr /" "''"' near to me holdincr f^ "^ 7 ^'^st one who came Mutru, and\o ItS'l^e' Tnrt ''"'"'° "•ending I.in, „ot to let^t L J ''°'"' '•'=~'"- Carniglia, the courageous Ln,^ °" ^"^ *"""«• at the moment of tl'fcatas^onl, ""^f " ""= '■^'"> to the vessel on L.^^' ''^"'•■""«'' confined do™ in sTch a ma c;™v^f^"■'^''^'■"^ "eld confined his limbs tl.ah.^ u """" '"'^"^ '"^'^^ He made me a s l" that I,e° T.' """^ '"'"^^"■• and I sprang fonvarH , "'' "'^ assistance, I had, .-.f the%oc et of m;:'"'' "^ "''' f"^"''. with a handle • this r tlt^ I™'"'' " ^""11 knife I was maste if blj , ■ '"'^ ,*'"' ="' "«^ strength made of ve vet' ?l,, '"' ''"' ™""' ^^"ich ,vas miserable instrument'to^k':' tT " '^"^ ""= us, and sunk the vessel a.,d' J, T^"- "'"'^ °>'" I struck the bottom o t e se ^e " T'''"'"' the water which washed ,i, " '''°'; and whirlpools, haltsurj ed °e""r ''°'''"' ""^ "^^ my unfortunate friend wis g^e fo'r Z To ' t'"' of the crew 1 found dispersed ZT , ■ P""""' exertion to gain the coTst h ""'""S "^^--y ceeded amon| the first and ^.^'""""'"^- ' '"- setting my ffet upon Vhe land "'"' ""'"^^ ="■'" discover the situation nf ' ''™' '" '""' and appeared at a short H . ""^ ~"'"^=^- ^duardo dcad.ligiu , ,,fc,;' "' ?'^';'"«- . He had left the N ( I '.-i'jj..;^ r M 210 HEROES OE ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. an extremity. I loved Eduardo like a brother, and was afifected beyond measure at his condition. Ah, I was sensitive in those days ! My heart had never been hardened, and I v/as generous. I rushed towards my dear friend, reaching out to him the piece of wood which had saved me on my way to the shore. I had got very near him, and excited by the importance of the undertaking, should have saved him, but a surge rolled over us both, and I was under water for a moment. I rallied, and called out, not seeing him appear; I called in desperation, but in vain. The friend dear to my heart was sunk in the waves of that ocean which he had not feared in his desire to join with me in serving the cause of mankind. Another martyr to Italian liberty without a stone in a foreign land ! The bodies of sixteen of my companions, drowned in the sea, were transported a distance of thirty miles to the northern coast, and buried in its immense sands. Several of the remainder were brought to land. There were seven Italians. I can mention Luigi Carniglia, Eduardo Mutru, Luigi Stadirini, Giovanni D. ; but three other names I do not remember. Some were good swimmers. In vain I looked among those who were saved to discover any Italian faces. All my countrymen were dead. My feelings overpowered me. The world appeared to me like a desert. Many of the company who were neither seamen nor swimmers were saved. At Rio Grande, for whose cause he had already suffered so much, Garibaldi found himself warmly received, and was speedily invested with the com- •URE. brother, and jdition. Ah, rt had never ;. I rushed to him the on my way , and excited should have js both, and ralHed, and I called in dear to my ocean which join with me other martyr foreign land ! ons, drowned ice of thirty >uried in its nainder were alians. I can Mutru, Luigi her names I wimmers. In ^ere saved to r countrymen ed me. The Many of the nor swimmers e had already imself warmly u'ith the com- GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. j,, mand of the scanty naval force-if such a term can at a I be apphed to two or three miserable coast.W st,tuted the raar,ne resources of the infant republic Many „,c,dents are related of the constant sWr "..shes by sea and land in which he now found h.mself engaged against the Brazilians, thit have ctt To"d"o '' "V""'' '°' '"= P- of'the ron ! cist To do more, however, than glance at a few ;L:erit:7,L:ir""™"'^'-<'-^-''^^-^- Chased one day by the Brazilian cruisers into a lagoon wh.ther he l,ad not calculated m on X ir venturmg to follow him, Garibaldi, as a las' xp d ent, ran h,s vessel aground ; then, transportin/twL »w,vels to an overhanging eminence, he ken L" ters, retired to a safe distance for the night • con vinced hat, however his resistance might be pro" longed, he could not ultimately escape them Bu Miip had both disappeared. By indefatigable activ y he had got her off the sand, and, gliding pal tie unsuspecting Brazilians, anchored at the mouTi to mask his design, had they been more ^atchfu of te movements, he had collected a quantity of brushwood and loose timber, which, set on ie might mduce them to believe he had destroyed hfs ship, and sought .afety in flight by land. ^ Th. B J"^"'"?' °'?'"'°" ^^ '™^ "°' ^ fortunate, Th« Brazilians forced the entrance of the Lagao f ' ^aii'ii fjl iiiriit 212 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. dos Patos, where the lilliputian fleet of Rio Grande was stationed ; and, confident in their vastly supe- rior numbers and weight of metal, anticipated an easy capture. But Garibaldi had no notion of sur- render. For a while he replied with spirit to their heavy cannonade — his newly-married wife, a native of that country, standing unmoved by his side ; then, convinced that further resistance would have been madness, he ordered his crews to land, blew up the pov.der-magazines, and swam to shore. We next find him at the head of his sailors, whom he had organised as a land-force, laying the foundation of his future fame in the guerilla system of warfare. In the dangerous expeditions, the toil- some marches, the unceasing alarms, the frequent hand-to-hand encounters which are its inseparable accompaniments, his wife was never absent from him. It is related of her that once, during the confusion of an unexpected engagement, she was taken prisoner by the Brazilians. Worked to frenzy by a rumour that her husband was slain, she con- trived during the night to elude the vigilance of her captors, and hurrying to the field of battle, sought amongst the dead and dying for his remains. Satisfied at length that her fears were groundless, she pursued her flight, arl after two days had the happiness of being reunited to the object of an affection whose constancy and devotedness have invested the name of Anita Garibaldi and her mourn- ful fate with an interest denied to many a loftier heroine. Even the claims of maternity had no power to withdraw her from his side ; bearing their new-born son in her arms, she continued to face LJRE. Rio Grande I'astly supe- ticipated an •tion of sur- irit to their fe, a native side ; then, 1 have been blew up the his sailors, ;, laying the rilla system )ns, the toil- ;he frequent inseparable ibsent from during the nt, she was ed to frenzy lin, she con- vigilance of d of battle, his remains. groundless, ays had the bject of an :dness have I her mourn- ny a loftier lity had no rearing their lued to face i GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 213 death exposure, and privation, light-hearted anrl ."S""^ --^"""S seeded nlu^ It was not long after the birth of this child tliat Ganbald, determined to leave Rio Grande A i of pnncp e had degenerated into a conflict of ind7vi l.can,sm Settmg sail for Monte-Video in a stite ht 7a:Ser™f'"' ™? ''''' '"-•^•'erestedLf n.s charac er, no sooner had he arrived at his des- tination than it became necessary to seek some means of earning bread for his family for a short time he gave lessons in ah-ebra and geometry m one of the principal schools of the C'y but the sohctations of the government, involved h,' a protracted war with Rosas, the obnoxious dicta to of Buenos Ayres, induced him, ere long to rd^ quish these peaceful vocations. ^' „i^r.!'''" T"™' <=''P^'""'on was honourable to his reputafon, though disastrous in its results. Invested w,th the command of a corvette, a brig, and a cutter considerable batteries. Elated with this success he proceeded up the river; but, unpractised in its ^f gation found himself entangled in sand-ba ks aTd" prowess nf tht , . "°^ '='>' "'"■='' f""- the prowess of the assailants that for three days Gari- bald, was enabled to keep them at bay h"s ammunition failing at last he rnt „„ tt i cahlpc anrl .. • ■ . ' "P 'n^ chain- cable and every iron implement he could lav hand, on, ul , seeing even these resources were exhausted" he ordered his ships' companies to take to",; boatt f 214 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. and remaining himself to the last, followed his usual system of explosion. As on the Lagao dos Patos, he reached the shore in safety, hastily formed his men and, fighting his way through a body of troops sent to oppose his progress, succeeded in effecting a retreat. Returning to Monte-Video by a circuitous land- route. Garibaldi found himself, notwithstanding the ill success of his expedition, anxiously expected, and warmly greeted. The city was menaced by a siege from the redoubted Oribe, and the general consternation was excessive. By the government he was charged to fit out some ships to replace their recent losses ; and by the Italian residents, who were very numerous at Monte-Video, was appointed to the command of a body of 800 volun- teers, raised amongst themselves, to assist in the defence. His subsequent naval operations, owing to his crippled resources, were limited to watching the movements of the blockading squadron, facilitating the entrance of ships carrying supplies to the beleaguered city, and the occasional capture of some laden with stores for the army of Oribe. So great, however, was his eagerness to strike some decisive blow, that he once deliberately advanced to the mouth of the harbour with his insignificant flotilla, only numbering eight guns, and ofi"ered battle to the ships of Rosas, which carried forty-four. The roofs and balconies of Monte-Video were crowded with spectators ; the masts and rigging of the neutral yecgelo in the port swarmed with French, English, ^nd American sailors, all breathlessly awaiting the ! i LIRE. /cd his usual ,o dos Patos, '■ formed his a body of mcceeded in :uitous land- standing the ly expected, cnaccd by a tlie general government (S to replace an residents, 2- Video, was 3f 800 volun- assist in the )wing to his .vatching the n, facilitating plies to the [iture of some )e. So great, 5ome decisive inced to the ficant flotilla, red battle to ty-four. The ,vere crowded of the neutral mch, English, • awaiting the f GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 215 issue of this daring challenge. But the Buenos Ayreans, probably apprised that he founded his hopes of success on speedily grappling with and boardmg them, did not judge it expedient to accept the combat. * Of the exploits of the Italian Legion, speedily organised under his active superintendence, Italians are justifiably proud, although a detail of the sorties desperate charges, and desultory skirmishing in which It was constantly engaged, would prove wearyino- to the English reader. One brilliant feat of arm.? nevertheless, selected amongst several other inci-' dents almost equally striking, we cannot permit ourselves to pass over. Despatched on a distant expedition to dislod-c the enemy from a province on the confines of Brazil -a service he performed with eventual success-with i«4 Italian legionaries and a handful of cavalry for eight hours Garibaldi once kept his ground against iSoo men. Night closing in found the little band reduced to nearly half its original number: thirty- five were killed, fifty seriously Avounded. The sur- vivors, exhcusted with fatigue and want of food seemed hardly capable of dragging themselves to balto, a fortified town, where Garibaldi had fixed his headquarters, about a league distant. But to leave his wounded to the mercy of the Buenos Ayreans, irritated by the check they had sustained was repugnant to the feelings of their commander' 1 lacing them by twos and threes upon such horses as he could collect, supported on each side by their weary comrades, alternately sympathising, applaud- m^, reproving, he was able, after a tedious retreaf 1^ ; ;l 2l6 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. of three hours' duration, to muster his followers within the welcome shelter of the walls of Salto. The news of this action, where the enemy was said to have lost 500 between killed and wounded, produced ^reat enthusiasm at IViontc- Video. The {government ordered that the date of the battle — the 8th of February 1846 — should be inscribed in letters of gold on the banner of the legion ; and the French admiral commanding the station of Rio de la Plata, addressed a complimentary letter tc (laribaldi, declaring that such achievements would even have conferred additional lustre on the soldiers of the Grand Army of Napoleon. On his return to the capital in the autumn of that same year, having satisfactorily fulfilled the duty with which he had been intrusted, the title of general was conferred upon him — a distinction he at first declined, but was at length induced by general entreaty to accept. His refusal, however, for himself and his legionaries of a grant of lands and cattle was not to be shaken ; protesting ' that in obedience to the call of liberty alone had the Italians of Monte-Video taken up arms, and not with any views of gain or advancement ' — a declara- tion which may claim the rare distinction of sincerity, since it is positively known that at this °riod so frugal was the expenditure, and so limited the resources of his household, no lights were ever burned at night under his roof, candles not being included in the rations, which, with his scanty pay, furnished his only means of subsistence. When this fact became known to General Pacheco y Obes, then minister of war, he himself relates that he sent URE. lis followers )f Salto. enemy was nd wounded, Video. The the battle- inscribed in legion ; and ation of Rio ry letter tc nents would the soldiers : autumn of fulfilled the , the title of 'stinction he iiiduced by al, however, ant of lands :esting ' that 3ne had the lis, and not ' — a declara- 1 of sincerity, lis 'jriod so limited the 5 were ever :s not being scanty pay, nee. When heco y Obes, that he sent GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 217 his aide-de-camp with a sum equal to ^20 to Gari- baldi. Acceptmg half of this for the most pressin r nccess.t.es of his fast-increasing fanniy. eTe" 3 et-:::;:d':fb •"■'^'^^ '- ^'^^" ^° a^;idow.v:ii'om Leaving South America lie landed at Nice in the month of Tiino r9^9 -.Tf 1 ' teen vcJ TU . ■ "■' ''" '"'^"'-^"^^ «^ <■«"••- teen jcars. 1 he returnmg exile must have been vvell- «.gh bewildered by the recital of all ^hat the three past mo„t s comprised. In the con. .ling day of March and commencement of April were cro^^ed events on which hung the destinies of Europe the establishment of the French republic ; insurrection! ary movements at Berlin; Vienna in revol , "nd almost simu taneously the Austrians driven 'f" to the call of Lombardy, and believing the lon^.. c Iienshed aspirations of his house about to be fut and Ronr'"^ ?' ^r"" '''''' ^"^ ^^-P-^' Tuscany and Rome sending forth thousands of volunteers; and even Ferdinand of Naples yielding to the pressure of popular feeling, despatched a contin^^ei t to co-operate in the national war ^^ The ' Red Shirt ' of Garibaldi had already become famous when in 1847 the reforming Pope Pius IX ascended the throne of St Peter. Garibaldi pr^mptfy offered to enlist under his banner, but received'an ambiguous reply, and Charles Albert of Sardinia wlK,m on his arrival in Italy he found besieging the Austnans in Mantua, coldly referred him to hit mmisters. Garibaldi, however, after the collapse of the Italian army, at the head of a body of volunteers performed some notable feats against th? Austrians' 2l8 HEROES O' ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. on the Swiss frontier. In 1849 he threw in his lot with tlie revolutionary government of Rome against Pius IX., who had retracted his liberal concessions and fled the city. Garibaldi aided in the proclama- tion of the republic in February, drove the French expeditionary force under Oudinot from Rome in April, and routed the Neapolitans at Talestrina and Velletri in May.sending them pcUmell over the frontier. These events arc so important that we describe them more minutely. On the morning of the 30th of April, the great bells of the Capitol gave the signal of alarm, and the roar of cannon from the walls, and discharge of musketry in the plain, announced that the battle had commenced. In- stantly the streets were filled with eager crowds, who, issuing forth from lanes and workshops, armed with weapons of every age and construction, while the women at the windows animated them by their o-estures, hurried tumultuously towards the Porta Cavalleggieri, which, from its situation, was exposed to the first brunt of the attack. Encountered with unlooked-for intrepidity, the French, to their amaze- ment, found themselves obliged to give way, and concentrating their forces — which amounted to 7000 men, with twelve pieces of artillery— directed their movements upon the Porta San Pancrazio, where Garibaldi was stationed. Not contented to remain upon the defensive, he charged them with his usual impetuosity ; and although they resisted bravely for several hours, the close of the day witnessed the French in full retreat, having lost 300 between killed and wounded, besides leaving upwards of 500 prisoners in the hands of the Romans, GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. w in his lot 219 Tlic transport .>( rejoicing with which this success was hailed ni Rome, may be deemed pardonable when It IS considered under what disadvantages and over what troops-troops reputed well-nigh invin- cible-it had been achieved. Of men trained to bear arms, but 4000 or 5000 at the utmost-and tliesc for the nmst part volunteers of only a few months experience-had been brought together for the hastily-organised defence ; a force totally inade- quate in a city of so wide a circuit of defective fortifications Eut the courage of the population had supplied the deficiency, and it was to them and Garibaldi that the laurels of that day were unani- mously assigned. Mortified and disheartened, the French had retired to I alo on the road to Civita Vecchia. whither Ciaribaldi. barely allowing his men a few hours- repose set out in their pursuit. It seems beyond a doubt that, had he not been thwarted in the exec, tion of this daring project, a complete victory would have been its result, so demoralised-to use a term lately introduced— were the enemy at their unexpected repulse. Ikit his progress was arrested by orders from the triumvirate who were at the head of the Roman Republic. Deluded by the expectation of a change in the foreign policy of the Wench Assembly, unwilling to incur the enmity of the nation by humiliating their arms, and thus nidispose them to withdraw from a convention so incompatible with the institutions of republicanism — Mazzini and his colleagues recalled the disap- pointed Garibaldi, and insisted that no a-gressive movement should be undertaken for the present tr ■B 220 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. His easy victory over the Neapolitans at Palestrina is chiefly ascribed to the terror with which the name of Garibaldi inspired them. From the confessions of the prisoners, it was learned that he was uni- versally denounced as more devil than man-the scarlet tunics worn by himself and his legionaries being regarded as an emblem of his affinity to the powers of evil. The following details bring this dreaded com- mander and his camp-life familiarly before us: 'Ot middle stature, deep-chested and wide-shouldered, Garibaldi's frame is cast in an iron mould, com- bining agility with strength. There is something statuesque in the appearance of his head, with its broad brow, straight features, and long flowing hair blending with the beard of the same golden hue- the expression of the deep-set eyes, thoughtful and yet piercing, completing the characteristics of a countenance which inspires mingled respect and trust in the beholder.' Would you see him amongst his companions in adventure ? ' Picture to yourse f an incongruous assemblage of individuals of all descriptions: boys of twelve or fourteen ; veteran soldiers attracted by the fame of the celebrated chieftain of Monte-Video; some stimulated by noble ambition ; others anxious to find impunity and license in the confusion of war, yet so restrained by the inflexible severity of their leader, that courage and daring alone could find a vent, while more law- less passions were curbed beneath his will. Ihe general and his staff all rode on American saddles ; wore scarlet blouses, with hats of every possible form, without distinctions of any kind, or pretensign URE. It Palestrina ch the name I confessions he was uni- in man — the s legionaries ffinity to the readed com- jfore us: 'Of e-shouldered, mould, corn- is something lead, with its ; flowing hair crolden hue — loughtful and leristics of a respect and him amongst re to yourself 'iduals of all teen ; veteran he celebrated lated by noble impunity and so restrained r, that courage hile more law- his will. The erican saddles ; every possible 1, or pretensigu GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 221 ever the mTtl^A I '"^^^^^igable. When- trcncn him! ir , .'° *'"'''^'"I^' ''^^^ officers, the t,cncrai nimse f includeH urrv.,M i r hor-sc and attend to the t™", ' f P? °"' "''''' Wlii,., 4-u \vants ot their own steed <; under his tent if ™ m "°"' ''''y ""•""^'■'^d ""t near -.t L, V ' ''^ ~nfary, the enemy were BMn« o^e^' ■,^/="'.--'' -nstantly on honseba k cuised 1, , 1"2 ""^ °"'P°^'=^' Often, dis- to ci ch fh f departure, the lazzos served wa" ahviv "meadows. The order of mar^h wa. ahvays arranged on the precedin^r dav and the corps set out without ever knowing^hte' th^y ni l I i) wi IWi I \\ ' 222 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE. might arrive the day after. Owing to this patri- arehal simplicity, pushed perhaps somewha too ar Garibaldi appeared more like the eh.ef of a tube of Indians than a general ; but at the approach o danger, and in the heat of combat, h>s presence o mind ;nd courage were admirable ; and hen, by the astonishing rapidity of his movements, he made up' h, a great measure, for his deficeney m those qualities which are generally supposed to be abso- lutely essential in a good general.' ^ Meantime, however, Mazrini had been mve.glcd by Oudinot into an armistice, and the I'rench, be.ng abundantly reinforced, proceeded to lay s.ege o Rome. Garibaldi was recalled, and on June 30 Is elected dictator; but on July 3. after a brrlhant defence, he was forced to abandon h.s post. He retreated, pursued by the Austrians to the Adnat.c where poo' Anita died, worn out by suffermg and anxietj!^ Garibaldi was arrested at Chmvari by order of the Sardinian government, and requested to leave Italy, much to the indignation of the people^ He betook Wmself to Staten Island, where he worked or eighteen months as a candle-maker, then became captain of various merchantmen, paying a y.s.t to Newcastle where he declined a popular dcmon.strafon He returned to Italy in ,854, and had settled down Ts a farmer in the island of Caprera. when, n> 1859, the outbreak of the war of Italian liberation called m to arm once more. Though frequently tMvarted by the Sardinian generals. Garibaldi rendered valu- able service to the allies. After '■- peace of VI a- franca, Garibaldi, with the pcrnmsion ol ,<-.■■' Emmanuel, went into central Italy as second in GIUSEPPE GARIBALDI. 333 o?rT:?;i^est s to consun^ate the annexation conspinn,, a'a h n "f"""''' ''^'' '"•"^ b"»"y r iiiin, prepared to come to the ri.-:riio urn • three months Sicily was free r.l .f '""" Garibaldi beran L ■!? Cro.ssnig the straits, Naples, L,Xr d t he'tTitar""'."'^ "^™"^"' amid the eheers of Kh ,'.: Sels'Troo'pr A 47a' ': ah:::"ir:"d ■ ^rn: c" °*^-""e and Garibaldi wT2 \ P"" '" '''^''der, victory al™g t rent L""\r"'^'=' '^""'P'-^^^ having bee„%|ccUrerd^„ „7;hrt,™TT^' arr ved at Naoleq -.nr? r -i , ,- ^^^° Sicilies, ^esi.nedhisfc;:!,'::^^^ StTrnt-att'^' '"^ -P.-t:i. SatiT.: ■•" theVoot He „ JZ°"1 "'■' "^'"^ bounded enthusiasm:' b;rf;~*;t xr h:"i"'! "f ,-' jonrney he returned abruntlv at tl ^'" °J '"' British ^„ver-,n,™t , 'P, ^ '^t the request of the ^mernment. In the war nf jo^^ 1 -re commanded the Red Ih' tJ iftifTyr:,.^.: 224 HEROES OF ROMANTIC ADVENTURE, though his sons Menotti and Ricciotti proved worthy of their father, the campaign as a whole was not marked by any brilliant affairs. Venice was now ceded to Italy, but Rome remained unredeemed, and untaught by his previous adventures, Garibaldi in the following year made his last attempt on the Holy City. Arrested by the Italian government, he escaped from Caprera in a boat, and placing himself at the head of the volunteers, defeated the Papal troops on October 25, at Monte Rotondo. On November 3, however, the Zouaves, reinforced by a body of French, armed with the deadly chassepot, utterly routed him at Mentana. The only other military event in his career was his acceptance of the command of the volunteers of the Vosges, in assistance of the French, during the Franco-German war. During the remainder of his life he remained a helpless invalid at Caprera, of which island, owing to the generosity of his English friends, he had become entire proprietor. Here he died June 2, 1882. His wish that his body be cremated was not at the time given effect to. An English translation of his Autobiography, with a sup- plement by J. VV. Mario, appeared in 1889. THE END. Edinburgh : Printed by W. & R. Chambers, Limited. URE„ otti proved a whole was Venice was unredeemed, es, Garibaldi empt on the government, and placing defeated the Lotondo. On nforced by a ly chassepot, :areer was his anteers of the I, during the lainder of his t Caprera, of )f his English :or. Here he his body be effect to. An ^ly, with a sap- [889. CHAMBERS'S Books Suitable for Prizes and Presentation. CHILDREN'S COLOURED PICTURE BOOKS. Price 6s. DENSLOW'S MOTHER GOOSE. N:u.iS\.;r;s:;;^„;i;^'i^:j''«;;;£-",^-^^-v M.f,cr Goose. l»as lately .struck n^ ey? J^J4S ' ^^ ^' '"'^'"■'•''' •'^"'' ••^"•active Price 6s. THE MANOR SCHOOL. .ArRADE. Tiilt edges. With ten Illustrations Kuumer, P'y L. T. 6/ by Lewis cd. ^vIS,^^'^'}^' of Chnstian Mitford, M hen hey leave for Persia, arrange tat their daughter, who has just n I nV*"'';'^"""' ?''°">'> «tay behind find attend a private sohool. This 1 onT'f 'V? •''f-''^'"''^ "isl.tn.are and honor to Christian, who listens to eMi advice, runs away, and is sorely the I fe of the sdn.ns. When she took lei place in Penwerne School, she joined a school society which hvoxMxt ^- 'z ^;:^s:;i';,;s V' Ff f '■- T--^ ^'^ '•rom The Man-or fSciioor.. 6/ gd| \^^ BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESimATION^ Uilt edges. GIRLS OF THE FOREST. By L. T Meade aiRLSOFTHETUBLUE:ASeho^^_Btory. GUt ea.es 6/ 6/ ■] By L. T. Meade. With ten Illustrations by Percy Tarrant. ^^oto:i\yi^ Girls (/ the Trm Blue a wholesome and admirable bookasastory.bntitxsahana^^ some book to look at, N\itli charmiiii' illustrations. ^Sheffield Daily Independent. A NEST OF GIRLS; or, Boarding School Days, gilt '^^^^^^..-f / By E. Westyn Timlow. W itii eight Ilkistrations by H. R. Richards. 'The writer of this story has pvoducea a clever and thought- \n\ book, qnite above the avei- acre of its kind, . . • f"ll »/ tender interest: -Liverpool Mer- cury. SEVEN MAIDS. By L. T. Meade. Gilt edges. 6/ With ten Ilhistrations by Percy Tarrant _ _ ^,,tsnian ' A sweetly written and graceful story of mrl-hfe. -Sotsman. THE ODDS AND THE EVENS. By Mrs L. 1 Meade. Odt edges. 6/ ^^^^r Jr :::f ^d^itS:^ the ,« to interest and amuse children of any ^ge.^ -Birmingham Gazette. IDENSlfWS GOOSE Being the old ftmiliar rhym- es and Jing- les or MOTH- ER GOOSE ' edited ahd ill- ustrated l^y W.W.Denslov7. 1903 t % W.andR. j Chamber's i UmMed- London ' and Edinburgh FroM UENSLow'a Mothrb Goose a; Price 5S. 5/ A GAY CHARMEB. A Sto>j for C^ls^ By I. T. Mbadb. J ATION. ilt edges. 6/ ^^^ffj;OJ^Pmz^S AND PEKSENTATWN. ning Post. Gilt edges. 6/ EADE. With ten s by Percy Tarrant. is Gills of the Triia some ami adiuirable )iy, butit is a hand- to look at, with nstrations.' Dailij Independent. IRLS; or, Boarding fs. Gilt edges. ^6/ itynTimlow. With itrations by H. R. ter of this story has clever and thonght- luite above the ayer- kind, . . . f>dl of rest.'— iiverijoo/ Mer- JDS. By L. T. Gilt edges. 6/ ].\[iQ.'— Scotsman. EABE. Gilt edges. 6/ manner to interest and zetfe. L. T. Meade. 5/ 3nie. ed and well-brought-np ■r life distnrhed by the [■bis maiden, wlio is fnll by her brightness and jealousy in the breast I 5/ -e and t.ie.s to rui"si .I'v's KSl:',:'^'^".'.'^"^ '^"'i'' «'-< n .e; ■lien a trage.ly takes place repe"'''"- i"^ '""' •'^I'""'^t too la « WALSH THE WONDER-WORKPR l n .r ^Vit^> eight Ulustratronr^y W ii ^^ ,?• ^^^^'^'"^^'^ Fenx. 5/ l.avei^ i:,;:Lf';L^'V?S-::;..;i;t ^-^ ^-■•«-« of t,. Manor ment an.l adventure. T le ".fc " . '^ f^'"':'*^'' ''''^^' I'l^nty of exJue i"g he person of Afr \\-ai;V ^^^ o' f *" ''l'^*^ *''« '".''^tery s„rr«,n ,1 ments ,n chenusfy, is kn^ 'a , n:.^'!;" '"' ^'•^^^!"«^« ^nd e^ "h! as a su.siueious character and Tfi v'"!''''-"''^^""^ country f,,lks the oath of Morrison, a snl 1 h,. -^^ ""' *'i;""''^'^'- They .-o;; breaks out in Lis Avorks hL th«3 ,Io,„gs <,f Walsh; and wi'e, f?f! ;t out. A bull, a i;.]f-d^ J'^;i,i:'--"S'--f va'lo^ VI l.age characters play ,wts i ^5i ''' r''ce">a", an.l Various whici, IS both lively an. P„f. / • ' '^ tlevelopnient of the s .rv ril. k" P " •'"^"'""' t''« 'laughter of a ''^ eot\|e^n''c.lTaV'; "^" "' ^ ''""''''' she ,s not wholly to blame How .he gets tame.l and humbled, anflTt h! same tnne becomes n..„e robSs ifd.a j;f ■'•>' '^"nt'.ct with an unselfi l", Si and some wholesome -minded Co- ,\ RO Ave f. ''■"'■^' •■''"•'''• "^ ''«'• book ^^ " BRAINS AND BRAVERY. r. ..«. o, A 8enes of Stories told by .\ Hkvtv r t. Arthur Rackhani ' " ^'^ ^^ ^^'^ '^^'s'^t Ilhistratious by From A Gay Chaumek. 5/ BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. Bran. anU Brarer,, which ^^^f^jiiH^t^H: S^^^7^ in the same series eotUainn no ^^ .•; ,^"' "J '^^^^^ livst time. All of the late (;. A. Henty, two of ;v '«' JIJ^^ ,f\,„, ,,„ok, inculcate the Btovien, n.ore or less, '-a;^ c.nt^thc titk^^ ,^,.,i ,, ,. ..-e laid in various parts of (he yiohe-^breat 1? itarn, Australia, Chiua, U.ute.l States " I South Africa, au.l are such as may he expected to interest, instruct, and en- chain the attention of any young readei. STAN LYNN; or, A Boy's Adventures in China. . , ( Bv Cr Manviixb FliNN. With eight lUustrations t.y AV. H. C. (Jro.une. 'Mr Fenn has the happiest l>"^^k "f picturing jolly, wholesouuaM.ghsh lads. —Daily News. GRIT AND GO. By G. A. Henty, Guy BoOTHUY, c^C, &C. W With eight lUustrations by N\ . Rainey. Must the book for hoys.' -I'rec Lance. 'An exceptionally good collection ot hoys' stories.'— -S^nu/rtJ-f/. THE REBEL OF THE SCHOOL By L. T. Meade. 5/ With ei'^ht lUustrations hy W. Kamey. < In.;:nVously contrived and stirring to the last degree. -Wo^ld. MISS BOUVERIE. By Mrs Moleswortii. W Ladies' Field. -/ A VERY NAUGHTY GIRL. By L. T. Meade. &/ literature. „ o,i • v n A TTitvty rnilRAGE AND CONFLICT. A Series of Stories by G. A. Henty T; Ma.™ Fenn, F. T. Buixen, Fbed Whishaw, &c. 5/ With eight lUustrations hy W. Boucher. •One of the hast . tory-books of its dass you could fnid in a da> search.'— il/ojvunsf Post. From Wai.sh the Wondkr-Worker. O/ ATION. tH five i.rodeoessors itorien from the \wn the first time. All tli(> book, iiiculciilo uid tlif' scenes are I if the oloho— (jreat liuii, Uiiiled States, 11(1 are siicii as may ;st, instruct, and en- »f any young reader. Boy's Adventures 5/ i'ENN. With ciglit '. H. C. (4ro()ine. e happiest knack of lesonie Knj^dish lads.' G. A. Henty, Guy 5/ ustrations by W. r boys.'— /'Vcf; Lance. ly good collection of idarcf. EADB. 5/ ,st degree. '—Tror?rf. 5/ I admirably suit those od and womanhood.'— ned Australian girl in id. A capital story. — des by G. A. Henty, \''hishaw, &c. 5/ ou could find in a day's BOOKSnmPRIZES^ ANF. ^'RESENTA TION. 5 Titt' "'•' ^'''''- ^^'^^'' ^''^''^ illustration by W Iic,„c]..^ en.lure in the co, ^e o tl e South Un-"''"'''-^'"'^'!' '"^^'^ '''^^' t« MISS NONENTITY. ]{y L. T. Mkaue. Wit^^i cgJit lllu«lratiuns by W. i.,,i,i,y_ 5/ HiiiS hSii;;;.i;^i,/ti;-isimr ^!:t\ "" "'"* ^''^ '"^« "«<^ ti.e tl'e .story to n.ake the ac. uafet-i nee •^/■^""v^' '"""«'' *" ^"J"/ Meade. She will he uJT^T£M.^^ "''""'' "^ ^'^ ^^ '• herself to be a ".Mi,,s Soni.'h ,,lv''\, .'?''• V"''","!'' '^''" P-'^^es too.' mM)0(i;y, and of considerable importance, CHARGE! OR BRITON AND BOFR Pn ^Vith ei,bt Illustrationf 1;Th. G^^^^ ''^^"^^^ ^^^^^^ tlmn M;Aj':il'|;gCn.'-8;.t,/^'"^"' '''"••^ ^- ^-^' ^«"-- '--Is Tcov^flVfT ^^-o stories told by (;. A IW Bouc] '''^^^ Illustrations by W. ^ hav-I''n.'.I',?f ' ''^,l'l>.earing to be that men nave many adnurablo nualities con ''-]!.'' J?"7-, %«» Author of /.„,«,-, ;;yith eight HUistrations by Percv Tarrant. ^ •> nf ^,^- ^^fANVILLK Fenn. With eigi/t Jiliistrations by W. H. C. (iroonie '''''""" '''"'■ ''^'■"«'-'- '''^^'- 5/ of 'ti-e^xS,^ 'm^:^^':^\,- ,• ^'-'«e i« a fine speein.en with Mr Rudyard Kipli„'g^"e'SatioLs.'"%t/;;;.V;'^ '"'^^'^ 6 BOOKS FOR I'RtZES AND PRESENTATION. 5/ LIGHT 0' THE MORNING : The .Story uf an iiiah Girl. 15y I,. '1'. MnADK. With uight llhistvations by W. Kainey. 'Mr« Mciulo htt,s never written aiiytliiiiy better.'— ro//.i'tJre Fust. PERIL AND PROWESS. 15eiiig Stori.s tuhl l)y G. A. Uknty, ('<. Manville FlCNN, A. CuNAN IJOYLK, W. W. ,Jacuij.s, \). l^Ku, C- II. Low, 1). LaWSON JoHNHTUNK, AnUKEW i>AL10UI{, and othcis. 5/ With eight lUu-strations by W. Bouoher. ' Tlie storieH are of supreme interest, and iKhnirably UAA.' -Binninghnin Gazette. 'No Itoy witli healtliy animal instinctrt t')uld iieli') reading and enjoying Veril and Proircss." Edinbnnjh Eixninij News. DASH AND DARING. Being Stories told })y G. A. llENTY, G. Manville Fenn, D. Keh, and many otiiers. 5/ With eight Illustra^'"ons by W. M. C. Groonie. 'Tlic volume is one to be treasured 1»y British hoya.'—Livcrpvol Post. THE GIRLS OF ST WODE'S. By L. T Meade. 5/ With eight Illustrations by W. Kainey. 'Written with strong vivaeity.' — British WcchUj. 'Tiie story is a cheerfiil, lieartsome tale.' — Scotsman. MEG LANGHOLME. V>y Mrs :M()LEswoi{'rH. 5/ With eight Illustrations by W. Rainey. ' Mrs Molesworth presents a study of girl-life with all lier accus- tonind felicity and unfailing mtereHt.'— Sheffield Daily Telegraph. VINCE THE REBEL ; or, The, Sanctuary in the Bog. 5/ By G. Manville Fenn. With eight Illustrations l)y W. H. C. . Groonie. ' It is one of the best of Mrnville Fenn's nioviea.'— Times. WILD KITTY. By L. T. Meade. 5/ With eight Illustrations by J. Ayton Symington. ' Kitty is the prettiest, the most audacious, and the most charm- ing creature that ever fluttered the dove-cote of a girls' school.' —Spectator. h'ruill, lill.MNS ANl> BllAVLUV. ATION. li Girl. 6/ W. Kainey. ,' — Yuikuhite Pud. JJcing Stories TY, «1. Manvh.le Doyle, W. W. C. 11. Luw, \). AnUUEWIjALI'OUH, 5/ msbyW. liouclier. ipieiiit! iiiterent, and liiKjhdiJi Gazelle. Iiy iuiinial instincts enjoying Peril ami Ercn'inij News. Being Stories told , Manville Eenn, jtiiers. 5/ ^Jons by W. H. C. sli \myH.'— Liverpool BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. IE. )tSIHa7l. 5/ 5/ ; with all her actus- Daih/ Telegraph. Bog. 5/ itions 1)y W. H. C. es.' — Times. ■ 5/ ;ton. ami the most charni- e of a girls' school.' 8/ ^Vith eight Illu.stnition.sl,y\V. II. C. (fruou.e tuner. 6/ THE GIRL AT THE DOWER HOUSE. AND AFTERWARD ./ Ly A..E. au.u.. ^^,th eight Ilh.stration. 1^7 'Z J. An absorbing story.'-/;«//y /y,, p,,,,^. ^Vith eight lilustrat.ou.s by W. Uoi,,),„, 'Very brightly told. '-7^„«,.//. THE BLACK TOR: A Tale of the Keigu of James T. 5/ pa;ss,r ;i^;pri=t. ^;uh^^si,^s.S;i,^s. --^^ ^^ Boucher. 'Fascinating from beginnimr to end . ._ . iH told witli nmcli .vipiiit and go.'— BirmDif/ham Gazette 1^ PHILIPPA. By Mrs iMoLEswoimi. 5/ '^ Witli eight Illustrations bv J. Finne- inore. 'Very clever, very fantastic, and very enjoyable. '—^>rcto^or. OLIVIA. By IMrs Moleswortii. 5/ t^fv' With eight Illustrations by Robert ' "' ' Barnes. ' A heantif nl story, an ideal gift-book b'V "4 ^m- gnh.'^ British WeeJdy. \>^ / . GIRLS NEW AND OLD. ' By L T '" -^^--i«^^^^ Meade. ' »5/ ^"'■'"" Ciiui.s of the forest. 6/ With eiglit Illnstrations by J. Williamson. ill ' 'I [jl ■ fi li'iiJl If!!,'! [^ d n nnOKS FOR PRIZES AND PUKSENTATION. BROTHERHOOD OF THE COAST. Hy David Lawhon JouNaroNH. With twoiity-one Illustrations by W. iJouclier. 5/ 'TIhmo is fiisciiiiilinii for evciv lii'iiltliyniiiided boy in tlic very iiiiiiK! of lliu Jiiu-caneciH. . . . Mr 1). L. .lolmsUmu'^ new sloiy of iitl venture is sure of a warm wiAwmQ.' —Manchester OiMnlum. DON. By the Author of Lad Land in lian 1 t,, , ,1 s .'' "^v.'iter; JMunonV •oolv is reael.e,! uith regret, ht s V ""' ^^'l] ''^■^'' 1"^^"' "^ tl'« t.;e ^two^eharndn, ehild-sUnliesI^'n. iti; ^^ t ^.l ''^^J-J.^H PETER THE PILGRIM. JJy L. T. Mk.ok ^^.l.-x Illustrations l,y^ra..,ac;;;p;n. .K;'S"Ke;^;;:;vr:: ^-''y 'v ''i, an. I-oand I'eter. ;; , t ;" , y ; J ' ' -"^on, and nar.icnia ^ '"'« thiny to he a nil,.,.; ."?.,; ^''^ '"''^'- - "'X';;!.! il m„„ J>ar(icnlai a 'ine thh.;;-;; 'iie'r, •;:;; •;;:"::;.,y^:;'; 'r"^{- 'i'-^''' "i^' -,: ;i"".«»"".s. One dav J ,Hran I ' m f H ''' • "^'."'l-'oter a 1 he,r.. ventures and nusHdvenLn.^,.;^^ on jul.rnna.e, and "■ily Ills narrative one of L. T M,J,J1 ""•^t ehannint,Males fur youn;,/folks" ^ SIBYL ; or, (Jkl Schuul Friends. I!v M v v WithsixIlIu.strationsbyU.Kaiuey.'^ "lion Mtiy Baldwin'- Pui,,,!,,,- ri ^VHs ,nhli.l.e,! it was proi.: t d '^ n'e of the hest stories for ^hls of the vea I ore comes the .ser,„..l, i„ Ui'^h'' tte ohi cliaractors reapp.-ar, wiser -...,1 ,.,.>, ■"Hti.re. yet not & inte Sin- ^ L eT teitaimnj, in (heir sayings and d „'"' ;Sil yi passes throu-li a period of t ■ al' ;»teome,so„, triumphant and strong in ciiaracter than ever. There is tju eha'e ."'"";•: T""' ^\^T ^'-w;/»«- /I'on Ihnlii Gazrttc. THE STORY OF A SCHOOL CONSPIRACY. '\y ANr)HI5W HoMK. 3/6 With twelv.. llliistratioiis by A. ^fnnro. '"tr, ':;';i'^'S;i,°!A,:'«;i':';i!' !■'•■! ' ■". wH..«.w. Fmm SiDvi,. „.,„.,,,,, .. ' '^^'■■•"M "1 ii uei! i-iai(l 1) (It and ')f !nirl.vf.i,U1> 12 BOOKS FOB PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. hK i !( i< THE BOYS AND I: A Child's Story for Children. '3/6 By ]\Irs JMoLEswoiiTii. With seventeen Illustrations by Lewis Baunier. Uniform with Hoodie and Ilermy. ' There is fascination for every child in sucli a story as tliis, and cliildren of all ages will thank ns for advising tlieni to read llie tale and to inspect its pictnres by Lewis Daunier.'— Literary World. THE SPY IN THE SCHOOL: A Tale of Two Chums. 3/6 15y Andrew Home. With six Illus- trations by W. .J. Uniuhart. ' Tiie best points of Mr Home's book lie in the emiilii.'H! way in which he drives lionie the virtues of iionotir, modesty, and unseUishness by the deeds of his boys.'— Gla-sijow Mail. THE UNJUST STEWARD; or, The ■Minister's Do])t. 3/6 By Mrs Olipiiant. With six Illus- trations by J. Finnemore. Frmn . -i ■ TheDauohtkrs of a GENiua 3/6 ' Mrs Oliphant was never more happily m- spired than in writing this story.' — Scotsman. A GOOD-HEARTED GIRL ; or, A Prcsent-Day Heroine. 3/6 By Emma jMausiiall, Author of Ahiyail Te)i)pleton, &c. With six Illustrations by J. Finnemore. 'Well told and delightfully healthy in tone.'— Cor/j Examiner. THE WHITE PRINCESS OF THE HIDDEN CITY. 3/6 By David Lawson Johnstone. With six Illustrations by W. Boucher. •All hoys will be fascinated by Mr Johnstone's brilliantly written and fascinating romance.'— G/frs/zoit) Daily Mail. BELLE. By the Autlun- of Laddie. 3/6 With six Illustrations b}'' G. Ni'iolet. ' As a story for girls Belle will score an instantaneous and well- deserved success.' — Vanity Fair. NIC REVEL: A White Slave's Adventures in Alligator Land. 3/6 By G. Manville Fenn. Illustrated by W. H. C. Groome. 'Will prove absolutely irresistible to the imagination of the average boy.' — Glasgow Daily Mail. TATION. ren. '3/6 istrations by Lewis a story as this, and will tliank \is for ad tlie tale and to »y Lewis IJaumer.' — HOOL: A Tale of 3/6 . With six Illus- jKiuliart. ' Mr Home's book lie ill which he drives lonoiiv, modesty, and deeds of his hoys.' — WARD ; or, The 3/6 . With .SIX llhis- emore. ever more liappily in- lis story.' — Scotsiiian. Heroine. 3/6 Dpleton, &c. With —Cork Examiner. 'Y. 3/6 ix Illustrations by e's brilliantly written r 3/6 dantaneons and well- \lli,Uator Land. 3/6 H. C. Groonie. imagination of the BOOKS FOR PHIZES AND PRESENTATION. 13 3/6 HERMY. Ey Mrs Molbsworth. ^f \f;^-nteen Illustrations by Lewis Baumer. ^^^.Ceitam to hnd a lar^e circle of fr.ends waiting for her. '- F.,.y^ ' % '^^ K^^Sif ^f f r^ ^-«^- i.^ Central Asia. '^'''''^^^'i ''y J- I^inneniore. o/c 2>.i;;Sr""''"'» "^ ^'- ^''-" "^ - -al book of travels.'- BILLY BINKS-HERO T'.v Cn^ t> ^^^^^^^ by W. if. aLr;on.f "™"'- 3/6 HOODIE. By Mrs MoLEswoHTi,. Yorlli^i"^^ ''-''' '^ '^'^' ^--y tender, and delightfully funny.'- YOUNG DEN YS: - Storv ^f tb t^ of Xapohv . ■ '^^^^^''^ftheDays By Elea . , . p^„,. ^y.^^^ ( Illustrations by G. Nkoht. TWO BOY TRAMPS. By J Mac- nONALD OXLEY. g/g With six Illustrations by H Sand- ham. *^ ^' cJ^V n""^'J'""^""'>' »"•"' tale.'— Sp/iool Board Chronicle. THE REBEL COMMODORE (Paul Jones) lieing Memoirs of the Earlier Adven- tiire.s of Sir Ascott Dalrymple. 3/6 By T). Lawson John'stoxe. With SIX Illustrations by W. Boucher. ' It is a good story, full of hair- breadth escapes an.I perilous adventures. '-ro.Z}«.y ROBIN REDBREAST By Mrs Moleswouth. With SIX original Illustrations bv Robort Barnes From Seven Maids. 6/ 3/6 14 BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. PRISONER AMOIJG PIRATES. By David Ker. .3/6 With six lllusliations hy W. S. Stacey. ' \. singularly good story, calculated to encourage what is noble and naiily in ho^js.'—Athc'nmim. JOSIAH MASON : A BIOGRAPHY. 3/6 By John Tiiackuay Buncb. With Portrait and Illustrations. FOUR ON AN ISLAND: A Story of Adventure. By L. T. :Meade. 3/6 With six original Illustrations by W. Kainey 'This is a very bright description of modern Criisoes. '—GrajMc. IN THE LAND OF THE GOLDEN PLUME : A Tale of xklventure. By V. L. John- stone. 3/6 With six Illustrations by W^. S. Stacey. 'Most thrilling, and excellently worked out.'— Graphic. THE DINGO BOYS ; or, The Squatters of Wallaby Range. 3/6 By George Manville Fenn. W^ith six original Illustrations by W. S. Stacey. THE CHILDREN OF WILTON CHASE. By L. T. Meade. 3/6 With six Illustrations by Everard Hopkins. 'lioMi entertaining and instructive.' — Spectator. THE PAKA'OiSE OF THE NORTH: A Story of Discovery and Adventure around the Pole. By D. Lawson Johnstone. 3/6 With fifteen Illustrations by W. Ijouchcr. 'Marked by a Verne-like fertility of i&ncy.'— Saturday Review. THE RAJAH OF DAH. By George IVIanvillb Fenn. 3/6 With six Illustrations by W. S. Stacey. From Grit and Go. 5/ Price 3s. THE WHITE KAID OF THE ATLAS. By J. Maclaren Cobban. With six Illustrations by W. S. Stacey. 3/ ' A well-iold tale of adventure and daring in Morocco.'— /wi/Jec/o/ and Asiatic Quarterli/ Review. STATION. I. .3/6 ourage what is noble JIOGRAPHY. 3/6 AY EUNCE. With ations. ND: A Story of T. INIeade. 3/6 Illustrations by W. bright description of E GOLDEN PLUME : re. By D. L. John- 3/6 )ns by W. S. Stacey. d excellently worked or, The Squatters of 3/6 riginal Illustrations L. T. Meade. 3/6 itor. 7 of Discovery and N Johnstone. 3/6 —Saturdmj Review. LE Fenn. 3/6 I^KS FOR PRIZES AND i RESENT ATION, [Maclaren Cobban. 3/ n Morocco.' — Imperial 15 SWEPT OUT TO SPA 1) I^ witi, .six mL^t tv S Vrto ?'"■■ . 3/ 'Crowded wifl, .. i I^ , ^^"" 'Vnnii.i'ton. ' THE -HOVER'S- QUEST • [ s „ •■".>■».■-&*„„„, Symingto,,. ■ ^^■"' ■'"•'' III"stn,tion» l,y J. Ajton Vi'."''™"^' *'■"<' """ "■«'■« '» ■"" a .lull |»g. ,•„ tl,e ,,„„,<,_ A DAUGHTER OF THE KLEPHT«. Giwce. "" KI-EPHTS; or, A Gi,! „f Jio,|„„ -S'€IS?--«s J"^ARGONAUtS A SOLDIER OF THE LEGION o/ J5y J)AVin Lawson JonxsToxE With seventeen Illustration.s by ^y. Bouchn' 'jSiS.' '"■ ^'"'''^ ^'"agination. 'Jr^" THE BLUE BALLOON: A Tale of the •Shenandoah Valley. 3/ % Reginald Horslev. With six Illustrations by W. S. Stacey. . ' We have seldom read a finer tnlp T*- ^'''"" '^"^^ncoNAUTa of the 16 BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. Price 2s. 6d. LASSIE AND LADDIE : A Story for little Lads and Lassies. 2/6 By ]\Iahy I). ]>RiNE. With numerous Illustrations. 'Its small personages are drawn witli delightful efl'ecfc.' — Dundee Advertiser. MORE ANIMAL STORIES. Edited by Roheut Cociihank. 2/6 Tncludini^' liab and his Friends, by ])r John ih'own. Fully Illustrated. CELIA'S CONQUEST. J!y L. E. Tidde- MAN. 2/6 With four Page Illustrations by J. Wilson. ' It is a capital book for a girl.' — Seofs- VlfDI. NANCY'S FANCIES: A Story about Children. 2/6 liy E. L. Haverfield, Author of Our Vow, On TruKf, &c. With four lUus- trations by Percy Tarrant. ' A very delightful story for children. Nancy is simply charming.' — Neio Age. GREYLING TOWERS : A Story for the Young. 2/6 By Mrs Molesworth. With seventeen Illustrations by Percy Tarrant. 'A family of real live children, full of fun and adventure.' — Birmivgha m Gazette. MABEL'S PRINCE WONDERFUL ; or, A Trip to Story-land. 2/6 By W. E. CuLE. Forty charming Illustrations by W. J. Mein. 'A very clever little book for children.' — Outlook. FOUR HUNDRED ANIMAL STORIES. 2/6 Selected and edited by R. Cochrane. Profusely Illustrated. 'Boys and girls fond of animals will find tliis hook a perfect treasure. ' — Peojyle's Friend. ELSIE'S MAGICIAN. By Fred Whisiiaw. 2/6 With ten Illustrations by Lewis Baumer. 'This is a delicate and captivating little tale.' — To-Day. From MoRK Animal Storiks. 2/6 TTATION. and Lassies. 2/6 ; rations. itfiil eOect. ' — Dundee UOCIIUANK. 2/6 I Ids Friends, by 'ully Illustrated. JJy L. E. TiDDK- 2/6 Uustvations l)y J. k for a girl.' — Scots- A Story about 2/6 r.D, Author of Onr With four lUus- rrant. story for cliihheii. ling.' — Xcw Age. 2/6 istrations by Percy n and adventure.' — to Story-land. 2/6 )ns by W. J. Mem. ook. 2/6 sely Illustrated, this book a perfect 2/6 '—ToDatj. BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. THE Witl ROMANCE OF COMMERCE. '^'' iifteen "'" lustrations. By J. Macdonald m.K\. /6 ^^^^^SH^Jr^ '^'^ ^«-' «^ t^'- of adventure and Birmingham Gazette. "^"^^'^t- ■ • • Told with great spirit. '- THE ROMANCE OF INDUSTRY amh /xtt,.,., "^r^r 1" "''■■""" '"Sol. '''-'^\t 2/6 W itli four Illustrations by W. Rainey 'A charming story. ... A canitai antidote to tl.e un'rest that inSs .yonrig tolks that seek for some meat t nnjr to do, whiie the great thin^ for 'SS.!:'^''''-^"''-^'^*^^-irhome°' VANISHED ; ov^ The Strange Adventures ot Arthur Hawkesleigh. By J)av,d Illustrated by W. Boucher. ' 'A quite entrancing tale of adventure ' —Atnencemn. ADVENTURE AND ADVENTURERS Being True Tales of Daring, Peril,' and Heroism. With Illustrations. 2/6 'The narratives are as fascinatinrr is fiction.'— ZfriVM Wcc/,-li/ " \\ ith four Illustrations by Poberfc Barnes. '^ 2/6 ^'•o»i Mis.s BouvEniE. 5/ B 18 BOOKS FOB PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. ' The stoiy is a very good one, and the book can be recommended for girls' xcMWn^.'—Stnndard. IMOGEN ; or, Only Eighteen. By IMrs Molesworth. 2/6 With four Illustrations by H. A. Bone. 'The book is an extremely clever one.' — Daili/ ChroHirlc. THE LOST TRADER ; or, The Mystery of the Lomhardij. 2/6 By Henry Frith. With four Illustra- tions by W. Boucher. 'Mr F'ith writes good sea-stories, and this is tiie best of them tliat we have \gm\.'— Academy. BASIL WOOLLCOMBE, MIDSHIPMAN. By Arthur Lee Knight. 2/6 With Frontisi)iece by W. S. Stacey, anil other Illustrations. THE NEXT-DOOR HOUSE. By ^Irs Molesworth. 2/6 With six Illustrations by W. Ilatherell. ' I venture to predict for it as loving a welcome as that received by the inimitable Carrots.'— ManchesUr Courier. COSSACK AND CZAR. By D. Ker. Illustrated by W. S. Stacoy. 2/6 ' There is not an uninteresting line in it.'— Spectator. THROUGH THE FLOOD : The Story of an Out-of-the-way Place. By EsMB Stuart. With Illustrations. 2/6 ' A brio-ht story of two girls, and shows how goodness rather than beauty in a face can lieal old atrifes.'— Friendly Leaves. WHEN WE WERE YOUNG. By Mrs O'Reilly. 2/6 With four Illustrations by IT. A. Bone, ' A delightfully natural and attractive ^iory.'-Jounial of Education. ROSE AND LAVENDER. By the Author ol Laddie, Tip-Cat, &c. With four Illustrations by Herbert A. Bone. 2/6 •A brightly written tale, the characters in which, taken from humble life, are sketched with life-like naturalness. '--il/oncAes^e/- Examiner. JOAN AND JERRY. By Mrs O'Reilly. 2/6 With four original Illustrations by Herbert A. Bone. • An unusually satisfactory story for ^iy\n.'— Manchester Guardian. From, The Rebkl of the School. 5/ BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. an be recommended 19 ^ We!?""!? ^^NC«MEN; or, R^i^i77^^i^~~^ equally ^.uta'l^t'-ywic's'Xr ''''^'"■' '''^''"■''' "'' '•'"■'^'•^- '-»'^' i« LIVES OF LEADING NATURALISTS P rr a SON. Illustrated. '^'-Ai-15»TS. By H. Allkvne Xichol- BENEFICENT AND USEFUL LIVES r ■ ■ . ^'^ bury, (Jeor-o Poal.n.lv a T i, <- «"'I"''«i"K Lord Sliaftes- GREAT THINKERS AND WORKPR • ., . Carlyle, Lord Amstrom S T "'^ *'".m^^^'^'^ ^^ T^'°'"'^'' Illustrations. o '« n 1?"'' ,"[*''«'"««* fitting presents for a thoughtful boy that we have on.e across:— Revieif) of Reviews. RECENT TRAVEL AND ADVENTURE Illustrated. Cloth. 2 '6 ' It is wonderful how much that is of ahsorbinfr interest has been packed into this small xohuw.''— Scotsman. LITERARY CELEBRITIES; Being brief Biographies of Wordsworth, Cainpbell, Moore, Jeffrey, and Macaulay. Illustrated. 2/6 GREAT HISTORIC EVENTS. The Con quest of India, Indian Mutiny, French Fro.^ j.ck akh Br.oK. s'e^ Kevolution, the Crusades, the Conquest of Mexico, Napoleon's Russian Campaign. Illustrated. 2/6 "'tTZ"^ I '^''^?.\T^^^' ^^^^- "f Oliver Cromwell, Washing- ton, Napoleon, and Wellington. Illustrated. 2/6 80 BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. •The Htory of tlieir life work is told in hhcIi a way as to teach iinimrtaiit liistorical, as well as iieisonal, leHsons beaiinj,' upon tho political history of this vonwixy.'— Schoolmaster. YOUTH'S COMPANION AND COUNSELLOR. IIKRH, liL.D. By William Ciiam- 2/6 TALES FOR TRAVELLERS. 2 volumes, eacli 2/6 ( 'oiitiiining twelve tales hy tiie Author of Jnhn Hallfd.r, Gentleman, GliouuK CUPl'LKS, and other well-known writers. Price 2S. ANTHONY EVERTON. By J. S. Fletcher. 2/ With Frontispiece by MiuTiiy Smitli. Mr J. S. Fletcher, some of whose previous works show that he in at home in the reign of Charles TL, here follows the fortunes of Anthony Everton during a stirring and troublesome time. Master Tatham's ward no sooner leaves home at the age of seventeen than ho is plnnged into a series of startling adventures, in which he passes through unheard-of dangers, and performs valorous deods which bring him under the nolice of Lord Strafford and the King, by whom he is knighted. The author, who is a past- master in narratives of this kind, is here, iiy his brisk and graphic narrative, quite as successful as ever in encnaining the interest of the reader. THROUGH THICK AND THIN: The Story of a School Campaign. 2/ By Andrew Home. With four Illus- trations hy W. Rainey. 'This is just the kind of book for boys to rave over ; it does not cram moral axioms down their throats ; the char- acters act them instead.' — Glasgoio Daily Mail. From Anthony Everton. 2/ OUTSKERRY: The Story of an Island. By Helen Waters. 2/ With four Illustrations by R. Burns. ' The diversion provided is varied beyond exiiectation (and indeed Ijelief). We read of an " Arabian Nigiit's Entertainment," but here is enough for an Arctic night.' — The Times. BOOKS FOB PRIZES AND PliESENTA TWN. 21 HUGH MELVILLE'S QUEST- \ I- .,'. v i . \V itli lour Jilustratioiis hy W. iJuuclicr. ' Olio siiii; to .loli^'Iit joimy yf ', ttti 'A rofrosl.inj,', stinin^r Ht,„.y _ , I'o.v.s iiiul youijy gi.J.s Loo. '-Sjwdutor THISTLE AND ROSE % Amy Walton. lllustmled by K. Uanies. 2/ 'Is aa desimhle a present to make (o PRINCESS AND FAIRY; or, The Wonders ol rsature. Ijy Lily .Mahtyn. 2/ \\itli sixty-eight Illustrations l,y ^y Kaiiicy, &c. 'A cl.anuindy writte,, an.l illustmte.l hUje^riffc.booL'-T. 1'. U'CuNNoii in ROBINSON CRUSOE. By Daniel Defok frontispiece by W. Raincy. 2/ THE SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON. Their Life and Adventures on a Desert Island Profusely Illustrated. 2/ TWO GREAT POETS (Shakespeare and Tennyson). Illustrated. 2/ SOME BRAVE BOYS AND GIRLS. By Edith C. Kenyon 2 .i.'k'^£i.S^;iS ""' '-''' '^'^'' "^y '-^" >^«3. and BUNYAN'S PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. With Index; and Prefatory Memoir by Rev. John Brown, D.D., Bedford. 7l Illustrated by J. D. Watson ' BRUCE'S TRAVELS. Through part of Africa. Syria, E.ypt and Arabia, into Abyssinia. Illustrated. "^^ ' 2/ f,..2:ss^^.£/'j;-%^^^- volume is full of fascination and "'^y'^^V Z^l^^:;7^ ''-'■' -^°^^- Tales. /•Vwn I.ooAN THE Mini.o. 3/6 » BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. From A Plucky Giui,. 3/6 THE LIFE AND TRAVELS OF MUNGO PARK IN AFRICA. With lllu.stmti..ns, Inliv lurtiun, and cu.icliulin- cliuiitcr uu llio i'rescut Positiuu of Alluiis iu the ^s'iger Teriitury. 2/ ' Few boolvH of travel Iiave ncciuued ho speoily and exteiiMive a ie[>utalioii as thia of iWk'H.'— Thomas Caulyle. TWO ROYAL LIVES: Queen Victuiia, William 1. 2/ FOUR GREAT PHILANTHROPISTS : Loitl Shaftesbury, CJeorge Peabody, John Howard, J . F. ( )berlin. Illustrated. 2/ TWO GREAT AUTHORS. Lives of Scott and Carlyle. 2/ ' Youtliful readers will find these acconnt.s of the hoyhood and youth of two of the three Scotch literary yiants full of interest.' — Schoolmaster. EMINENT ENGINEERS: Watt, Stephen- son, Tell'ord,and JU'indley. 2/ 'All young persons should road it, for it is in an excellent sense educational. It were devoutly to he wished that >()ung jteople would take delight in such hi()grai>hies.'— /«(/(Vm Engineer. TALES OF TH^, GREAT AND BRAVE. By M. F. Tvtler. 2/ A collection of interesting biographies and anecdotes of great men an- ^^^ SWISS FAMILY ROBINSON J^y^-M.KN^. 1/6 SKETCHES OF ANIMAL LIFE AND HABITS '^' '!y Ani.UKW \V,l«oX, Pli.Jj., ,V, HABITS. jyg RAILWAYS AND RAILWAY MEN THE BUFFALO HUNTERS, and other Tales !!« TALES OF THE COASTGUARD. an,l other Stones. ' THE CONSCRIPT, and other Tales ^ THE DETECTIVE OFFIfFR i < lu ^^^ 1/6 THE OOLD-SEEKERS. and other Tales. 1/6 ^"sl)"r^ OF LEASCOMBE, and other THE ITALIAN'S CHILD, and other Tales 1/6 KINDNESS TO ANIMALS. ^a J!y W. CiiAMiiKRs, LL.I). ' THE MIDNIGHT JOURNEY. i/6 |{y Lkitoii Ritchie. OLDEN STORIES. j^g THE RIVAL CLERKS, and other Tales. 1/6 ROBINSON CRUSOE. j/g PARLOUR TALES AND STORIES T^v A M Q THE SQUIRE'S DAUGHTER, and other Tales. ."e - /'COHl Jjassie and Laudik. 2/6 lit' .» !! . 26 BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. TALES FOR HOME READING. J5y A. ]\I. Sargeant, Frances Brown, Percy 13. St Joun, and others. 1/6 ■' TALES FOR YOUNG AND OLD. 1/6 15y jMrs Cuowk, Miss Sahoeant, Percy B. 8t John, uiul others. TALES OF ADVENTURE. 1/6 TALES OF THE SEA. 1/6 By G. M. Fenn, J. B. Harwood, and otliers. t SUSAN OLIPHANT. 1/6 TALES FOR TOWN AND COUNTRY. 1/6 From Dorothy Dot. 1/6 -By K. CHAMBERS, LL.D., and others. Price IS. 'Excellent iiupular biographies.' — British Weekly. POPULAR BIOGRAPHIES. TENNYSON : The Story of his Life. By Evan J. Cuthbertson. 1/ WALLACE AND BRUCE. By Mary Cochrane, L.L.A. 1/ WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE: Tlie Story of his Life and Times, By Evan J. Cuthbertson. Portrait and Illustrations, 1/ QUEEN VICTORIA : The Story of her Life and Reign, 1/ LORD SHAFTESBURY AND GEORGE PEABODY. Portraits. 1/ WILLIAM L, GERMAN EMPEROR, AND HIS SUCCESSORS. 1/ By Mary Cochrane, L.L.A. Illustrated, THOMAS CARLYLE : The Story of his Life and Writings. 1/ VAT ION. ARGEANT, FuANCES 1/6 D OLD. 1/6 SaUUEANT, rEllCY s. 1/6 1/6 B. Harwood, and 1/6 ) COUNTRY. 1/6 D., and others. BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. 27 h Weekly. s. T. CUTHBERTSON. 1/ !, L.L.A. 1/ s Life and Times, ustrations. 1/ Eeign. 1/ lY. Portraits. 1/ SUCCESSORS. M 1 Writings. 1/ THOMAS ALVA EDISON. Jjy E. C. Kknvon. THE STORY OF WATT AND STEPHENSON. THE STORY OF NELSON AND WELLINGTON. GENERAL GORDON AND LORD DUNDONALD. THOMAS TELFORD AND JAMES BRINDLEY. LIVINGSTONE AND STANLEY. COLUMBUS AND COOK : Ti. 8tor, of ti.eir Lives and Voyages THE STORY OF THE LIFE OF SIR WALTER SCOTT ijy KoBERT Chambers, LL.I). THE STORY OF HOWARD AND OBERLIN. THE STORY OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. 1/ 1/ V 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ 1/ From The Sqi'irp/.^ Little Girl. 1; PERSEVERANCE AND SUCCESS: Tl.e Life of Willian, Hutton 1/ STORY OF A LONG AND BUSY LIFE. By W. CiiAMBERs. 1/ STORIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. THE SQUIRE'S LTfTrc /^tdt t^ ^ t t- With Frontispiece by A. G. Small. 'An amusing and interesting tale of country Mi^.^-Scotsman. 1/ l!1 -1 28 BOOKS FOR PRIZES AND PRESENTATION. LASSIE. By the Auth(jr of Lay good wrltens.' — Review of.Uevi'i>vs. YAP ! Y/IP I The Story of Teddy's Doggy. By E. C. Ken v on. MOLLY AHD RJ.JTHER. y\y L. E. Tiddeman. DADDY'S DA.'JING. p.y L. E. Tiddeman. CASSIE, nnd LITTLE MARY. liy L. T. Meadk. A LONELY PUPPY, an.l THE TAMBOURINE GIRL. I>v L. T. Meade. LEO'S POST-OFFICE. By Mrs Molesworth. GERALD AND DOT. P.y Mrs Fairbairn. KITTY AND HARRY. By Emma Gellibrand, Author of J. Cole. DICKORY DOCK. By L. T. INIicade, Author of Scamp and I, &c. FRED STAMFORD'S START IN LIFE. By Mrs Fairbairn. NESTA : or, Fragments of a Little Life. By Mrs Molesworth. NIGHT-HAWKS. By the Hon. Eva KnatciibullHugessen. A FARTHINGFUL. By L. T. Meade. POOR MISS CAROLINA. By L. T. Meade. THE GOLDEN LADY. By L. T. Meade. MALCOLM AND DORIS ; or, Learning to Help. By Davin A Waterson. WILLIE NICHOLLS ; or. Fiilso Rhamn and Trno Rbnpv SELF-DENIAL. Bv Miss Edoewortii. ITATION us to a little sejirw sists (,f ;i. number of E. C. Ken VON. L. ';v L. T. Meade, \ntlior of J. Cole, amp and I, &c. Fairbairn. tolesworth. r.- Hug ESSEN. D AVIN A WATERSON. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SERIES. Just Published, Price 5/- each net. ii An interesting and intellectual sQi of books."-sco,.™.„. PROGRESS OF NEW ZEALAND IN THE CENTURY ■~''"f%3s=;ss PROGRESS OF GANAOA IN THE CENTURY. By J. CASTELL HOPKINS F s «; :ff2»«=i«»5Sl:=^^^ .„. LITERATURE OF THE CENTURY. Contents— Prelude ' Ndvcl— Ijiter Novo,,.-.u)— Coiitiiient-Germany-Praiiee By Professor A. B. de MILLE, no Nov,;l^J^t;ri;^„Slpwr'-' "^ K"''>'"'tiHS,„, M.A. llosdplicTs and Cnti Knglisl, Knglia,in;;;,^;^!^'!!;,iJll':Z';-Infl„.„ce- Italy a„d ^..Snl^^^-^rZ S,^^X:S^^^'^^'^-'i^i^^^ ■Poetry— on the PROGRESS OF INDIA, JAPAN, AND CHINA IN THE CENTURY. ■■■,».« Jfl'L^JfJ,;,.';''"-/''- R":"'"*" TEMPLE, B.«. PBOCRESS OFlouriTwA IN THE CENTURy" By GEORQE McCALL THEAL D "■-''lUnf. — ^^— — ^-^— ''■"'■ —'•■■":i'i!f I7rra!i/. RELIGIOUS PROGRESS OF THE CENTURY By W. H. WITH ROW, M.A :^i:^^^-^^^^^^^^^;;^^,,^.,. 'vcury. Hi i ' .1 i .'111' THE NINETEENTH CENTURY SERIES Continued. PROGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE CENTURY. By WILLIAM P. TRKNT, M.A,, LL.D. "A welcomo volume in tlio ' Nineteenth (Vntwi-y Heiios" l>y iine wlin lias the liistoiie sense an.l realises the value til the Wdild nf the American example of self Bnvernnient."— yVic Oiitlmk: INVENTIONS IN THE CENTURY. By WILLIAM H. DOOLITTLE. "America has tancht ua enough in the way of inventions to make the suhjeet of this volutne of hlBh llritlsh interest."— 77ic txitlouk. PROGRESS OF BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE CENTURY. By JAMES STANLEY LITTLE. He has sueccerlea well. His survey is a wi.le an.l comprehensive one ; moreover it is a serious ami honest spective, the position in whiih the lintisli Kinpire found itself m the year KIOO. - elTort to estimate, in true perspe St Jcnnt'n'n (iazt'tti: WARS OF THE CENTURY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY SCIENCE. By OSCAR BROWNING. M.A. "Tiin i,onU is nhlv written— a thorouL-hlv uooil ^'r.•lsp of the suhjeet-matter is manife.stcd throughout- and sluu.l?prorlL selfvleelVe "lisit is u,,doi;.,tedly an interesting record of the most tragic phase of the .iepart.sl centiu'y's activities."— (//