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Mbps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method- Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent gtre film^s d des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmS A partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE '^'/f^ TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY IN KIVE PARTS: I. WHAT THE SOCIETY WILL SEEK TO PREVENT. n. CARE OF THE WAIFS AND STRAYS OF OUR CITIES, in. LESSONS IN KINDNESS TO ANIMALS AND BIRDS. IV. THE HUMANE EDUCATION OF CHILDREN. V. MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED. ONE HUNDRED AND TWELVE ILLUSTRATIONS. EDITED BY J. GEORGE HODGINS, M.A.. LL.D., A VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE SOCIETY. ^^fiS*iii*i*»H,. TORONTO: * .-k*^' ' PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY WILLIAM BRI«tfS,. ' ^_, „„_ J, _ 78 & 80 I INC. .Street East, 18^8. .^..\ 'M~, H\/rno TV a O K F I C K R J:- OF THK TOEONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. 1888. PRESIDENT. W. R. 15R0CK. VICE-PRESIDENTS. J. GEORGE HODGINS. LL.D. WILLIAM H. HOWLAND. REV. D. J. MACDONNELL, B.D. JAMES H. PElIiCE. ^^^ '^■, JOHN I. DAVIDSON. SECRETARY. MISS ANNA B. DELL. 4). ADVISORY REV. CANON DoMOULlN, M.A. REV. JOSEPH WILD, D.D. MRS. C. B. GRASETT. MRS. S. J. BRETT. MRS. J. B. WILLMOTT. MISS M. ELLIOTT. MRS C. K LEIGH. JAMES BAIN, Jr. THOMAS McGAW MERVYN MACKENZIE. D. A. O'SULLIVAN, LL.D. DIRECTORS. REV. WILLIAM BRIGGS, D.D. REV. JOHN H. CASTLE, D.D. MISS DUPONT. MRS. S. F. McMASTER. MRS. J. H. RICHARDSON. MRS. J. C. CLxVPP. MISS WORKMAN. INSPECTOR ARCHABOLD. J. KIDSTON MACDONALD. WILLIAM CANNIFF, M.D BEVERLY JONES. (Trlefiio.nk 1370) SOLICITORS. C. R. W. BIGGAR, M.A. F. E. GALBRAITH. VETERINARY SURGEON. ANDPvEW SMITH, M.D. - u PEEFATOEY NOTE. This publication is issued by the Toronto Hunmno Society in the hope that the perusal of its pages will be the means of awakening and keeping alive a genuine and practical interest on the part of the Toronto public and the public generally in the aims and objects of the Society. The general scope of the work is indicated in the five parts into which the publication is divided. Each part is complete in it:iolf, and teaches its own lesson. In connection with each part will be found a statement of reasons why the subject of such part has been so fully treated. It was felt that if this were not done, and, in a sense, somewhat exhaustively, and with a varied series of facts, anecdotes and Suories — in prose and poetry — the lesson sought to be taught, and enforced, would fail t . impress the mind of the reader as fully as was desirable. The Society felt, too, that, without full information on the subject of the work of a Humane Society, it could not expect that a general appeal for the necessary funds to carry on its operations would be so successful as it would be after that information was furnished. Without tiiese funds the reader will see that but little can be accomplished. This will be the more apparent to those who look over the extensive field which a Humane Society should occupy, and which is sketched out in this publication. To half do the work proposed would be to invite failure, and to discourage the willing workers and helpers in such a highly-benevolent causn. It will be noticed, by referring to the Index, that quite a number of the selections made, in prose and poetry, are from Canadian sources. Each one is marked with an asterisk. Tliis shows that the humane sentiment is largely diffused among our people, and that it is the theme of many of our writers. The two noted engravings — the frontispiece and that on page xiv. — illiistrate, each in a beautiful manner, the fact that in the most refined, as in the simple child of Nature, sympathy for God's dumb creatures is equally strong and tender. How true it is that — "One touch of Nature makes the whole world kin." The Society had hoped to have been enabled to distribute this publication gratui tously, or at a merely nominal charge. The cost, however, of the nun'erous engrav ings, added to the cost of stereotyping and printing the large edition of 10,000 copies, absolutely prevents the Directors from doing so. The price has, nevertheless, been fixed by them at the low rate of 25 cents per copy, or five copies to one address for $1. To kindred Societies, and to other parties, the price, in packages of not less than 100 copies, will be $15 per 100. The Society hopes that the publication of such an array of facts, incidents, anecdotes and sketclies, as are contained in tiiis work, will induce every reader, by a natural and kindly impulse, to become an active and earnest helper in this preeminently good and noble cause. With such an object in view, and with the prayer that a blessing may attend the efforts of the Society to prevent cruelty to dumb animals and to aid in the rescue of homeless waifs and neglected children, this publication is sent forth by the Society on its mission of kindness and mercy. J. G. H. ToKONTO, July, 1888. SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. The very cordial thanks of the Humane Society are due to MLsh Gwynne, of Parkdale. for her most munificent gift of «500 to the fund, of the Society, without which this publication could not have been issued. The Society has also received donations of $25 each fron, the Hon Senator Mac.lonald. W. R. Brock, James H. Pearce. Edward Gurney, and others. It is earnestly hope,! that other of our generous citizens will follow the.e examples so that the Society may be enabled to prosecute its work with energy and vigor. To Messrs. Rolph, Smith & Co. the Society are greatly indebted for their presentation to the Society free of charge, of a drawing of the beautiful and suggestive cover for this publication, from which the Society have had an engraving made. The thanks of the Society are also tendered to the Chicago and other Humane Societies, pubWil ' ''°"'^'"''' ^"' '^"''' ^°'' *^' "" °' " '°" "' '''" *''^''"'""' ^"«™^"'S« ^ "»« A FORM OF BEQUEST TO THE SOCIETY. I give and bequeath to the Board of Directors of the Toronto Humane Society the sum of dollars, to be used for carrying on the benevolent objects of the aforesai.l Society. Note. -The Toronto Humane Society is iiicorjorated by Provincial Charter. SUGGESTIONS AS TO HOW TO PROCEED IN TORONTO. As soon as anyone is aware of any act of cruelty to animals, or of cruelty to or of neglect by parents of the. children, a notice should at once be sent to Mr. J. J. Kelso, the Secretary of thi mr t A b?n pT' °^' " ''' ''-' '' - -^^'^^^ ^'"-'^^^^^ attention nty pZurlr '* headquarters. In each case all the evidence possible shluld bl Give name and residence of offender, when known ; time when, and the place where, the offence was committed. r o. mu ««tnameof ownerorreceiverof animalsdrivenorcarriedinaeruelmrnner; name of owner and driver of horses or other animals used in unfit condition, or otherwise abused. facts If prosecution is required, furnish names of two or more witnesses, and a full statement of AU communications are regarded as confidential by the Society. TABLE OF CONTENTS. ORIGIN AND OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. Introductory Chiot Objects of the Society. What the Society will Seek to Promote. Its General Objects. Suppression of BrutalizinB Exhibitions. Paqi 9 Prevent Indiscriminate Bird Shooting. Care of Cattle in Transportation. 'I'lie Huniauu Mosaic Jjiws. The Care of God's Crealuros. PART I. WHAT THE SOCIETY WILL SEEK TO PREVENT. Preliminary 12 Prevalent Forms of Cruelty. Defluition of Cruelty. Motive for Cruelty. What is not Cruelty. What is Wanton Cruelty. An Appeal against Cruelty. Aiiin)ul .Sult'crinK caused by Ignorance. Chapter I.— Mr. Hknry Bergh and His Work. Chapter II. — Cruelty to Hor.ses Overloading of Carts and Waggons. The Cruel ChcckUcin. Tlie Torture of Hurr-Uits. The Arab to Ilis Horse. Neglect to Water Horses. Evil of Blinds, or Blinkers. lirolvcn Down by Hard Usage. iJockIng of Horses' Tails. Clipping a llor.se's Coat. An Appeal for Dumb Animals. Horses Uncovered in Snow and Uain. Why the Quaker Uouglit a Horse. 13 15 Chapter III.— Anecdotes, Appeals and Suggestions 24 The Bell of Atri. Ring the Bolls of Mercy. " Stay and Support of tho Family." Dandy Jack, tho Pony. Be Merciful to the Horso. Horses' Ucvciigo for Cruel Treatment. Deceiving a Horse wlien Catching Him. Catching Beautiful Bock. The Horse Byron, and Teasing Jack. Unconsciously Cruel to a Horso. Chapter IV.— Cruelty to Animals Generally 29 Wliat Creatures are Generally Ill-treated. Do / .limalsSutfer? The Plea of the SufTering Creatures. Pain Felt by the Lowest Organisms. Man's Cruelty to Creatures Subject to Him. Tom's Cruelty and its Uepaymcnt. Xo Law to Pimisli Drunken Cruelty. Cruelty Cured by an Act of Cruelty. Practical Iteflections on Cruelty hi General. How to Secure Gentleness in Horses. Chapter V. -Transportation of Cattle, Sheep, Swine, Fowls, Etc. 33 Extent of the Cattle Traffic. Mortality of Transported Animals. Sale of Dead and Diseased Animals. Dishorning C!attle for Transport. Dishorning Cattle Punislmblo in England. Inhumanity in Loading Cattle. Transported Cattle as Food. Transportotlon of Sheep, Swine, etc. Thoughtless and Cruel Treatment of Fowls. Ncccs.sity for Enlightenment on Humane Sub- jects. Amelioration in Cattle Transportation. Steps to Prevent Cruelty in Stock- Yards. Elfect on Cattle of Cruelty and Neglect. The Toronto Cattle Market. Hard Treatment of Cattle on Shipboard. The Barbarity of Vivisection. Cattle Cars— Discussion and Conclusion. Dominion Act against Cruelty. via CONTKNTS. CUAPTKR VI. Caui -Humane Sociktiks' Doinos El«ewiikkk 40 New York Htimano Society. MiiMHficbiiHcttH lliiiniino Hooloty. The Ainorlciiii I'linuit .Society. Iluinano tioclctloH in KiikUiiuI. Tho Humano Cnxiao In Enirlaud a.id France. Other Uiiiimnii .Soclotle». I'aloy on tlu! lliippy World of Nature. CHAI'TEB VII— INTERK.STINO NaTIUAL Hl.S10Ry FaC'TS . 44 Natural ChnraotcriHtlcs of Anlniivla. ICtrcctof Music on AuinmlH. Tho TradoH of AninmlH. LouKovity of Animals. Animal Tolcj?raphy to Ono Another. Tho Alann Uinl. luHoct Fond of ('aiituilan UinlB. Tho Snow HinlH and UirdH in tho Snow. Tho Hird and llio (j\ia rnusement." A I'iea for I he Sea-Hirds and WaterFowl. The Uo> who was a Good Shot. l}oyH, Spare llu^ Hirds! Don't Kill the I'retly Birds! Sciiool-Boys and Birds in Australia. Chapter IX.— The Great Utility of Birds to Agriculture 57 The Crow's Value to the Farmer. Birds vs. the Weevil and Caterpillar. The Chimney .Swallow, or Swift, an Insect Eater. 3ir<\B 0, Farmcr'.s Sine Qua Non. K'llioK the Birds of Killingworth. V\ onderful Consumplion of Inaeels by Birds. Tho Hea.Hon Why Apples and Peaches Fall. Chapter X. — Biriw a.s a Decoration i'or Bonnets (31 Slaughter of tho Uoblns. A Humano Milliner and a Customer. Extent of Buniiot Bird-Traflic. Tho Queen aiul English Ladlos against Bird Adornnienl of Bonnets. The Salirical Side of Bonnet Adornment. CHAI'TER XI. — BiRI)-Ne.STIN(I AMI NEs7-RiFLINO 63 B:rd-Ne»ting. Tho Frightened Birds. The Riilod Nest. Tho Overturned Nest. The Widowed Bird. Our Uobins are Back - But Ala-s I " Su.san and .Tim and I." 'I'he Boy.s and the Bird's Nest. Tlie Mird's Pilil'ul Bereavement, (jeneral Spinner'.s Plea for tho Birds. The Nightingale's Hidden Nest. The Boy Disarmed by a Bird's Song. Chapter XII.— Hiawatha with Birds and Animam. 68 Hiawatha anrl Na-wa-da-ha the Singer. Sha-won-da-so and the Wood Birds. Young Hiawatha in the WooiUnnd. " Don't Shoot Us, Hiawatha." The Fasting of Hiawatha. The Singing of ( 'hi-bi-abos. Chafier XIII.— Doos and Their Treatment Cuvier on Dogs. When Old Jack Died. Dog-Fighting an Inhuman Practice. To Boatswain, a Newfoundland Dog. Tho Dog Loves Kindness. To My Faithful Dog. Proper Treatment of Dogs. Cruelty to Dogs Punished. A Friend— Faithful, True and Kind. Kinds of Cruelty to Dogs by Boys. The Lost Travjller and His Dog. OJreyfriars' Bobby. Men vs. Dogs. No Cutting or Clipping of Dogs. A Peculiar Characteristic of Dogs. The Dog and His Disgraced Master. A Sad yet Touching Performance. 70 CONTKNTS. CUAITF.K XIV. — Ml-SCELLANKOUH OaHEH 'JP CbUBLTY . Cruelty of Half KllliiiK Tomls. Clilldron Killing MiillcrMiot*. Protection of TnmlH In Ontario, The HonoBt Old Toad. Iliimano Thlni?* lo bo llomcinborwi. Valuu of Toads In (Jardi-ns. Gander Fulling " Uown .South." Incipient Kornw of Cruelty In Chlldroii. u Pa»I 77 PART II. CARE OF THE WAIFS AND STRAYS OF OUR CITIES. pESTiTtJTE Waif- Life in London . . 81 Cry of tho HelplcHH Cliihlren. Archdeacon Kiirnir on himdon Waif-Llfo. Duty of tho Toronto Humane Sorioty. Tho Divine VVanuil for this Duty. Koniis of Cruelty to Children. " InaHinuch." Tho Critical Arc of Children. Tho Key to Others' HeartH. The UlKhtH of Children. How \auU Ket their .Start in Crime. Difllcuity In Dealing I'riulentlally with mieh (;aHi!s as the l''orenoIn(f. " ' DiKcharjced,' did yon Hay, Mister Judgol" " Yes. (iullty— but .Sentence Deferred." "I'lKiive Yon a Clmnco-Mako the Most of It-Uo!" Chai'tkii I.— Liohts and Shadow.s of Waif-Life 00 Spirit in Which This Work .Should be I'roso- cut<^TEK III.— Importance of Humane Education by Teachers 192 The SchoolmoHtcr as o Teacher of Humanity. Humane lilterature in our I'ubllo Schools. Chai'ter IV. — KiNnNE.ss and Mercy the Re8ULt.s of Humane Teaciiino 195 Unconscious Influence of Hurroundlngs. Our Dumb Hrothera. Influence of Hunianc Instruction. Corliss, tlie Famous ICnglno Builder, and the Lllllnn and Oracle Under tho Umbrella Uobin's Nest. Conscionce, or the Voice of (iod. Ben IlazzanVp Guestfl. A Maiden and tho Birds -A Contrast. Howard for Loving; Decda. KindnosH to Sheep on a Cattle-Traii^^ CiiAi'TER V. — Heroines of Kindne.s.s and Mercy 190 Florence Nightingale and Her Noblo How One Benevolent Woman Incited Others Work. to Deeds of Kindness. "Our Margaret." Mrs. Vincent, of Boston. Chapter VI.— The Formation of Children's Bands op Meucy 200' Children's Humane Organizations. Band of Mercy Pledge. Bauds of Morcy. Object of Bands of Mercy. PART V. MISCELLANEOUS OBJECTS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED. Chapter I. — Work Bkpore the Toronto Humane Society 203= Growth of a Humane Christian Sentiment in Summary Statement of Desirable Objoeta. England— Its Great Achievements, and Miscellaneous Things to be Done. Eneourogomonts therefrom. Chapter II. —Protection op Defencble.s9 Children 20* rm xii CONTENTS. '^ I'AOB Chai>ter III. — The Betteu Care of Houses 205 I'ropor Winter Cover'-ig (or Horses. Ilaniiine Treatment of Toronto Street Car Vario • is Hints and Sujfgcsl ions. Horsoa. Chapter IV.— Drinking Fountains in the Street,s 207 Mra. Nettloton's Foi .tain. . Many Fountains are Needed. City Fountains for Horaos and Ttngs. Chapter V. — Humane Kiilino of P'i.su and Cattle for Food 208 Humane Killing of Fish. Transported Cattle arc Dangerous Food. Killing Cattle for Food— Examples. Poisoned Milk of Frightened Cows. Chapter VI. — Merciful Killing of Disabled Horses an- Do«s 210 Hilling Disabled oi- Diseased Horses. Killing L>isublcd or Diseased Dogi. CflAirER VII. — Humane Cave, and Painle.ss Destruction, of Dogs and Other Creatures 211 .Chapter Vlli. — The Philadelphia }•■ /stew of Dealing with Vagrant Dogs .... 212 Capturing of Vagrant Dogs. Uefuge for Lost and Suffering Animals. Modes o'" Putting Dogs to Dcith. Indrmary for Various Animals. Time of Killing Vagrant Dogs. Home for Toronto Dogi. Dogs in the City I'ound a:ul !Sholli,r. Homes and Pounds Elsowlioro. Huuiane Killing of Dogs by Itoquoot. Dear Li tie Hiioy s C^onfession. Humane Killing of Cats. Chapter IX. — Formation of Local HuMANr Societies 215 How to Organizo a Humaiie Society. Rules for Branch Humane Soeieties. Organization for Humane Worlt. Difflidion of Humane Literature, ^ced of Loca' Humane societies. Chapter X. — Other Kindred and Desirable Objects 216 The Toronto BYesh Air Fund. " Itescuo the Perishing." The Beneficent '^iower Mission, . Oh, .Speak to Her Gt .tly. A Hospital Sunday in Toronto. 203 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIOXS. 208 212 215 Thorough Bred Frontinin'ecr Rural Scene and I'Ard (tall-plecc) . . xli The Indian Seoul and His Dying Hound xlv Head-piece (throe compartments) Some of the Objects of tlio Society's Cnre U An Incident of Mr. Uergli s Humane Work — U Cruel Treatment of Horses 15 The Horse Free and 'JMrestriuned l(i The Horso Under Torture ll> An Ambitious Coachman's Show-ofT 17 A Humane Driver's Horses 17 Violent Uesontment by "Maud S." of Former Ill-trcatnunt 18 Horses, vith and without 'blinds, at a Railwiiy Station lil Horse Broken Down by Hard Usage '20 Now York Fountain for Horses and Dogs SI Horse with Tail Slightly Docked 22 Unsheltered from th'> Storm 23 The Bell of Atri 24 'lorso Pulling the Bell of Jusileo 23 otpy and Support of the Family 26 Ilural Scene witli Sheep 2J» Killing Birds for Amusement 30 Inhunianily in Loading Cattle 31 The Turkey -Head Up and Free ;i,i Tortured while being Transported 35 "Alas for the IJarity of Christ'an Charity"— Even to Fowls ! 3C The Duck at Home and Untorturcd 37 Kumano Society Signs in Stock- Yards 37 Keeping Tired Cattle Standing by use of Sijikc Poles 38 'Many Hands" (nr even Bills) "Make Light Work" 15 Wild Dear in the F->rest Clade 10 Bird \«''orkers 10 The Canadian Beaver 17 Birds in the Snow- "Out in the Cold" 10 Sparrows (hcad-pioc)) 5() The " Sport " of Shooting Song Birds I 51 Turning the Tables on Pussy 53 Wounded Pigccjns Left to their Fato 51 Water-fowl Disporting on tlio Wing 55 Passenger Pigeons 50 ' Martins and Swallows in ('ouncil 57 White bellied SwU't 88 Bird's Nest, with Eggs Ki The Overturned Nest (il Boys and the Bird's Nest Gti Hiawatha— Talks on Birds and Animals 68 Wild Deer at the ]>ako Side 69 A Mother Dog and Pup 70 Cotching Butterflies 70 ThcFrog 78 Homeless and Houseloss Children 80 Waifs of London (two illustrations) 81, 82 Lookinic for their Husbands in the Gin Shops . . Ki Where Waifs Most Do Congrtgate 81 Paob Hiniianc oniccr Protecting Child 85 Waif on the Street 92 Alone in the Big City 98 Wiiif (Brother .Ia,-k) 105 Selling Violets 108 Watching for Little Phil 114 Little Wanderer at the Quaker's Door 116 Houseless Sisters in tiie Snow . . 123 Nobody's Girl 127 Cruelty of a Drunken Mother 128 Drink and ii s Sad Story 133 Waiting for Her Father 134 Newsgirl 136 A Lady's Hiinianc Lesson to a Cat 140 Kindly Words to a Litth; Crossing Sweeper ... 144 A. Mother Hen and Her Chickens 145 Five Little Brown- winged Birds 147 Woodcoc': Carrying its Young 148 Group of Huniming-Birds 149 Land B'rds on the Water 152 Feeding the I'et Pigeons 'i53 The Caged Bird 155 Birds of Passage 1S6 Flight of the Wild Geese (tail-piece) 156 ijady Brassoy, and lici- Autograph 159 "I used to t'ling to Brother as I Uode Him to and fro" IGl " .Maud S." Hunting for Sugar 163 Pierrot, the Faithful Donkey 1C5 Dog Saving r. Shipwrecked ('rew 169 Dog Saving a Drowning Child 17! A Dog and the Kail way Train 173 Seeking t o Follow His Master 176 Mating Pussy Admiro Herself 176 Birdt) Making Friends in the Looking-glass .... 177 Kitten and Falling Leaves 178 The Cat and the Schoolboy 179 Rurul Scene and Squirrel 180 Spider's Fairy Nets 181 "Houseless, Homeless, Motherless" 182 A Face of GentlencMj and Beauty 183 Two L't tlo Birds 187 "Oh, Naughty Pussy, sec how You've Hurtod Mo" 188 A Mother's Lesson of Kindness to a Horse IflO A Schoolroom and its Surroundings 192 Little Lillian and Bonnie Gracio under the Lij^- In-ella 194 Kindness to Sheep on a Cattle-Train 196 Signing the Roll of a Band of Mercy 202 Proper Winter Covering /or Horses 205 The Nettlc'.on lM>\inliun 207 Humane Killing of Fish 208 Mode of Killing Disabled Horses 210 Mode of Killing Disabled Dogs 210 Poor Children Pleading for theit Pet Dog 211 Humane Killing of Dogs 212 A Child's Helpfid Idea of Hosjiital Sunday 217 Ambulance for Disabled Animals 220 \W i The 24th of were co meeting 1888. In Ji was eat; tiirio So Animals but fina In Nc oiety wa by petit pual, bn it. Tlie CdmmitI iloputati urged tl been pre ferred to the follo' I THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. "Small gervhe is true service wliile it lasts; Of humblest friends, bri|;tit creature ! scorn not one. The daisy, by the shadow that it casts, Protects the lingering dewdrop from the sun." — Wordmmrth. " He prayeth best who loveth best All things, both great and small; For the dear Ood who lovc'h us, ■ ' \ " . He made and loveth all." — Coleridge. •/•;■-. > ORIGIN AND OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. The present Society was organized on the '24tii of February, 1887, any the way, and hide thyself from tliem Tliou slialt surely help to lift tiieiii up again." (Deut. xxii. 4.) " If thou see tlie ass . . . lying under his bur- den, and wouldest forbear to lielp iiini, thou slialt surely help with him." ^Ex. xxiii. 5.) "A righteous man regardeth the life of liis beast ; but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel." (I'rov. xii. 10.) "The Lord is good to all; and His tender mercies are over all His woriis." " Thou open- est Thy hand, and satistiust the desire of every living thing." (I'aalni cxlv. 9, 10.) "Open thy mouth for the dumb." (Prov. xxx 8.) In the Book of Genesis it is stated that "God made the cattle "; a little farther on, " God re- membered the cattle"; and again, " He caused grass to grow for the cattlt,"; and still farther on, " The cattle on a thousand hills" are His. The Care of God's Creatures. Some may ask: " Why take all this trouble to care for and protect animals wiiich liavc neither intellect nor reasoning facidties? Were they not given for 'the use and service of man '? Was he not also given ' dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth uf o;i the earth ' ?" True, as to this complete sovereignty of man over all of God's creatures. Kut with this " dominion " did He not connect, as in all tilings else, a personal responsibility to Him for all ol our acts towards these, Ilia dependent creatures? Did He not assert His supreme ownersliip over them when He said, " I he cattle on a thousand hills are mine"? And did He not declare His care for tliem when He said, "Your Heavenly Fatlier feedeth them," and "not one sparrow falleth to the ground without your Father " ? Tlien, aj, to intelligence. Have not all ob- servers and writers on natural history ^'iven example after example, striking and almost con- clusive, of the extraordinary sagacity and in- stinct - amounting to dumb reason — in the ease of all kinds of animals, birds, fishes and reptiles ? At all events, as they are God's creatures, and as such, the Christian men and women of the community should not be luimindful of their duty towards them. ^Vhether you love to work for animals or chil- dren best, you soon fall in love with mercy it- self, and the mantle which was almost too scanty to cover your dog and your horse, stretches by some divine process in the weaving until it amply covers yoin- neighbor's desolate orphans, too. Or, you think all the tenderness you can put into practical use is not more than enough to shield a poor waif, girl or boy, who has come into your charge, when tjie very infection of loving young life makes all other life sacred to you, and you draw up into your embrace tlie humbler companions and helpmates of man's labof and pain as well. The tiling itself is in- fectious, and compassion spreads from higli to low ami low to high by a holy contagion, which seems to carry the lesson that all life is one and inseparable, like all love. —iJci'. G. E. Gordon, ^""^- ^'N... BOMB OF THE OBJECTS OF TUB SOCIETY S OABS. PART I. WHAT THE SOCIETY WILL SEEK TO PREVENT. Prevalent Forms of Cruelty. The Society will seek to prevent the follow- ing acts of cruelty :— The unnecessary ami cruel heating of animals. Tlie dris'ing of galled and disiibled horses. The overloading of cart horses and teams. The neglect to provide shelter for animals. The clipping of horses, and the docking of their tails. Tlie use of the check-rein and burr-bit. Matches for cock and dog-fighting Matches for the shooting of pigeons, etc. The clipping of dogs' ears and tails. The exposure uncovered of horses in cold weather. The under-feeding and over-driving of horses and cattle. Neglect and cruelty on cattle stock trains. Tlie tying of calves', sheep's, and fowls' legs. Bleeding live calves periodically, and pluck- ing live fowls. Further, its mission is to remedy universal cruelties by general remedies, and to foster a general recognition of the duties we owe those who are helpless, cspeciall}' waifs and strays, and other unprotected children. Its mission, further, is to spread knowledge on humane sub- jects in the community. Definition of Cruelty, " Tne earliest liritish Colonial Statute passed in what is now the United States, was in 1641. Later statutes differ from earlier enactments, and from t)\e common law, regarding this class of offences, in proceeding more clearly upon the ])rinciple that animals have rights, which it is the province of the legislature to recognize in its laws, and of the courts to protect by judi- cial proceedings ; and the act of cruelty alone, irrespective of any other element of crime that may accompany the act, is more plainly indi- cated as criminal. What, then, in the view of tlie law, is cruelty to animals? Motive for Cruelty. "If an animal is cruelly beaten or tortured for the gratification of a vindictive or malignant temper, such an act would everywhere be held to be cruelty. But is this all ? Must such an express purpose be shown to exist, in the mind of the offender, to constitute the statutory offence of cruelty ? By no means. Torturing an intractable animal, or beating it in an un- necessarily cruel manner, by way of training or correction — pain inflicted in wanton or reckless disregard of the suffei'ings it occasions, and so excessive in degree to be cruel — torture inflicted by mere inattention and criminal indifference to the agony resulting from it, as in tiie case of on animal confined and left to perish from starvation— would all be punishable under the statute, even if it did not appear that the pain inflicted was the direct and principal object. It certainly is not true, as an abstract proposition, that it IS immaterial what may be the motive of a person who inflicts pain upon an animal, in determining the criminality of the act. What is not Cruelty. " Pain inflicted for a lawful purpose, and with a justifiable intent, though severe, does not come within the meaning of "cruel" as the word is used in the statute. Thus, a surgical operation, occasioning the most intense suffer- ing, may be justifiable, and is not criminal. To drive a horse at a rate of speed most distressing to the brute, when the object is to save human life, for example, or to attain any other object of adequate importance, may yet be lawful. If a horse be overdriven by a person not know- ingly or intentionally, but in the honest exercise, of his judipnent, as distinguished from mere recklessness of consequences, or wilful cruelty, the act is not within the meaning of the statute ; and, in such a case evidence of the person's in- experience or want of knowledge as to the proper treatment of horses would be competent. In the instances just mentioned there is no crime, for there is no criminal mind. What is Wanton Cruelty. ' ' But pain inflicted upon an animal, in wanton and reckless disregard of the suffering it might occasion, and of the consequences it might pro- duce, would be criminal as certainly as if it were occasioned by an express purpose, formed in an evil tnind, to inflict suffering and torture upo>. animals ; the two acts would differ only in being more or less intensely cruel. This, in- deed, is only a single illustration of the princi- ple that pervades the entire criminal law, according to which it is presumed that every man intends the natural, necessary, and even probable consequences of an act which he inten- tionally performs." — From a puljlicution of the Massachusetts S. P. G. A . MR. HENRY BERGH AND HIS WORK. 13 An Appeal against Cruelty. Will none befriend that poor, dumb brute, Will no man rescue him? Witli weaker etlort, gasping, mute. He strains in every limb. Poor, jaded horse, the blood runs cold Thy guiltless wrongs to see ; To heav'n, O starv'd one, lame and old, Thy dim eye pleads for tliee. Thou too, O dog, whose faithful zeal Fawns on some ruffian grim. He stripes thy skin with many a weal, And yet, — thou lovest him. Shiuiie : tliat of all the living chain Tliat links creation's plan. There is but one delights in pain — The savage monarch— man ! O cruelty — who could rehearse Thy million dismal deeds. Or track the workings of the curse By which all nature bleeds ? Their lives thou madest sad ; but worse Thy deathless doom shall be ; " No mercy," is the withering curse Thy Judge has passed on thee. Good God ! Thy whole creation groans, Thy fair world writhes in pain ; Shall the dread incense of its moans Arise to Thee in vain? Tlie hollow eye of famine pleads. The face with weeping, pale, The lieart that all in secret l>leeds. The grief that tells no tale. Oppression's victim, weak and mild, .Scarce shrinking from the blow. And the poor, wearied factory child, Join in the dirge of woe. O cruel world ! O sickening fear, Of godd, or knife, or thong; O load of evils, ill to bear ! How long, dear Lord, liow long? -M. F. Tuppir. Animal SulTering caused by Ignorance. " Kvil iH wrout'tit By want of thoii(flit A8 well as want of heart." "A large proportion of the suft'ering is causeil by the ignorance of masters as to the capabili- ties, habits and reipiirements of their animals; from exacting tasks which cannot pi-operly be performed ; from keeping them in an unnatural state, which, after producing much pain, ends by bringing on disease, often fatal to the ani- mal, and always unprofitable to the master. Much injury is also caused by the indolence of servants, who omit to give proper exercise to the animals over whom they have control ; also, by mistaken kindness, there being many per- sons who pamper and overfeed their dumb de- pendents, under the impression that they are be- having kindly to them, when, in reality, their cimduct is the cause of disease and pain." Will the reader help the Society to diffuse the humane literature In this publication, and thus dispel Ignorance like this ? I. MR. HENRY BERGH AND HIS WORK. Treating of the subject of cruelty to animals would not be complete without a reference to the noble career of Mr. Henry Bergh, late Hresident of the New York Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, who died in March, 1888. "Mr. Henry Bergh was born in New York in 1826, and received a superior education at Columbia College in that city. In 1862 he was appointed secretary of legation at St. Peters- burg, and began there that active interference in the behalf of the right of animals to kind treatment, which has given him a reputation wide as civilization. Of course, his services to abused animals in the Russian capital were en- tirely unofficial, but they were eft'ective, thanks to the distinguished character of liis equipage and the fine livery of his coachman. Mr. Bergh resigned his position on account of ill-health. On his way home he indulgdR in the luxury of leisure travel, and became acquainted with the Earl of Harrowby, I'resident of the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Ani- mals, London. The Society of which Mr. Bergh was the founder, is modelled largely after the English one presided over by this nobleman until his death. He returned to New York in 1804, and spent a year in maturing his plans for the estii,blishment of means to check and pre- vent cruelty to animals. The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was instituted in 1865. In 18()6 it was given by statute the power of prosecution and even arrest, which it still possesses. Mr. Bergh had been its President since its inception. He received no salary for his services, but freely gave his time to the cause he had so much at heart. By the law of 1866 he was made Assistant District Attorney in New York city, and Assistant At- tomey-(Jeneral of the State in the enforcement 14 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. cf j;he laws acainst cruelty to aniinala. During 1H73 he 11111110 a Ic'cturiiif,' tour in tin; WcHt, wliiuli rcsultocl in the formation of Huveral soeietieH similar to tliat in N(!W Vink. At tiie liegimiiug of tliis reform, no (Stale or Territory in tile United States contained any statute re- lating to the protection of animals from cruelty. At present thirty -nine States of tin; Union iiave head was covered with ft dingy brick-red crop uf iiair, comlied puiitanically straiglit, and liis Yankee cut, cadaverous face harmonized '.veil with the whole piiysii|uc. No matter wiietlier he was after a poor horse drawing a tish waggon, and "lying at the same time, or sto))pii)g a street car Iteing painfully dragged iiy two sick, over- worked, half-shod horses, or sitting in iiis otlico AN INCIDENT OF MK. IlEIUJUS HUMANK WOHK IN NKW YORK.' adopted substantially the original laws pro- cured by him from the State of New York. In 1874 ho rescued a little girl from inhuman treatment, and this led to the founding of a society for the jjrevention of cruelty to chil- dren. . . . Personally Mr. Bergli was a man likely to attract attention anywhere. He was over six feet high, very slender, with angular anatomy at best, and a long nock. Mr. Bergh's looking at the prod he had taken from an ele- phant trainer, he was always very neatly and remarkably well-dressed — always in a black frock coat, buttoned in ministerial style ; high standing collar, invariably with a handsome necktie in pronounced colors ; shirt and sleeve buttons of the best, and pantaloons usually of some dark color, seldom black. He was, after all, a dignified, rather cavalier-appearing gentle- • This and «ome ther valuable engravings are U83d tn this publication by the permission of The Century Ojm- paii.v of New Vork. CRUELTY TO HORSES. 10 man, and so well drosAud was ho, so tall and ciiiphatiu in purHonal ))i;arin<^, lie soeined a tit- tuy target for all eyoa on the street, and just tiie figure to call forth the (ju jstioii, ' Who is hi'?' When he si)oke, iiis eyeH would light up, and the wliole laue as.suine an expruHsiou of kindlinoss and good cheer. While dogs and hor.-icH attracted, perhaps, the largest sliiru of his attention, no living creature was too insignifi- cant to claim his attention. Rats could not he killed in a pit if he knew of tiie intention. Pigeons could not he shot from trajis, nor foxes chased over the country hy lady an I gentleman riders. Ho waa called a • crank ' by many ; i)Ut it is h»ng since ho cea.sod to be regarded otherwise than with respect. 'I'housands who never saw the kind old man will regret his duiitli, and creatures that cannot speak will owe to him everlasting gratitude for nforms in the manner of tlieir treatment, which his death will not cause to go backward." — ISontuu Trans- crijit, Those who may not be ablo to emulate Mr. Bergh In his noble deeds, can, nevertheless, aid this So- ciety In prosecuting hum::.no work like hl3. TUlb riOTUEE TKLLS ITS OWN TALE OF CRUEL TUEAXMEST. II. CRUELTY TO HORSES. Cruelty to horses takes various forms. The most common arc: — Overloading and driving them when the neck and other parts, where the harness presses most, arc sore and raw. This soreness is often produced on the neck when the collar is not of the right size for the horse — when it is too small or too ! vrge. When it is too small it produces a feeling of strangulation, and presses unduly on parts of the neck. When it is too large its looseness tends to chafe the nock, and rubs it une<|ually at every movement which the horso may make. Overloading of Carts and Waggons Takes place chiefly in towns and cities, where excavations for foundations of houses are made. In the rural parts overloading often takes j)lace when the steepness of a hill is miscalculated or the badness of a road is overlooked. lu such cases, rather than take off part of tho load, which might cause inconvenience, the horse is vehemently urged by voice and whip to do what it manifestly is not able, and what it should not be forced, to do. On one of the most travelled roails, just out of the groat city of London, England, at the foot of a hill is hun'' this si'm : — horse's petition to UI:i DRIVER. " Up the hill whip me not, Down the hill hurry me not, In the stiible foiget me not. Of hay and g.ain rob me not. Of clean water stint me not. With sponge and brush neglect me not, Of soft, dry bed (le))rive me not. When sick or cold chill me not. With bit or rein jerk nie not. And, when angry, strike me not." 16 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIEK Y. The Cruel Check-Rein. Another Bpcuius of cruulty tiding at puhlic-hoUHe doorn and other placeH, in thiH uneasy state, and hy-and-hy set oH', in their doHire to get home and ho unharnes.>nt t'roin IiIh heail to liiM tiil, from hill MhouldcM- tody, hu Hull'urM nioru or less." It woidd lie jimt aH reaHonalile to uxe HUeli an iuHtruinent of torture in the catie of a man carrying parculM or drawing a hand cart. It in Well l.,.^lV/-/,t.r'"'--T»r<^..-:r».x-*t**jf^t..i.;:; ,.-A>-' VIOLENT RESKNTMENT OP MAUD 8. TO FORMER ILL-TREATMENT. as to propel, tho load, as docs the ox or horso under similar circumstances, if pennitt"d. " If the man's htail were tied to a bel,. aro\ind his body, so that he could not licnd forward, he would lose the advantage of his weight, and could only pull or push with his muscles ; so also with the ox or horse. "A horse's check rein should also be so loose as to let him put his head where he wants to when going up hill, and draught horses should never have check-reins." The London " Horse Book " says : — " When, from some defect in the animal, or other cause, the check-rein U used, it must be slackened. licrnime, in addition to the easier position of the neck, a greater portion of weight can be thrown into the collar, especially going u]) hill, thus saving a great and unnecessary. ex- penditure of muscular power. horses from falling, the check-rein is calculated to render falling more freiiuent. Other not un- common results of its use are, distortion of the windpijie to such a degree as to im])ede the respiration ever afterwards, excoriation of the mouth and lij).s, paralysis of the muscles of the face, etc. It is a useless appendage, supported only by fashion. I feel that if this were more generally understood, numbers of excellent per- sons who now drive their favorites with check- reins would discontinue to do so." The Torture of Burr- Bits. Burr-bits are another cruel invention to tor- ture horses, with a view, as the an 'titious and igiKirant coachman says, "To show off their spirit and mettle." it was against this terrific irritant that Mr. Henry Bergh, of New York, CRUELTY TO HOTlSKS. 10 .innr^i other thlni^n, wii^^oil liisoiwiiit wiirfaro. Thu other, to the left, hw both hlindor* cover- 'I'hii illuMtnitiDn on |m)((i 14 nhowii liim in tliu in^ Ul» uynH iin>l a tortiiriiiK ( hook roiii to utill lilt of Hto|i|>in}{ a fiisliioii.khli: ciniago, tliu liiii'HoM t>f wUiuli liiiil thcmj tiii'i'ililu iiiHtriiniuiita of tortiiru abtauliuil to tliuir huailguar, 'I'liu htirr-ltit Ih attaoliuil to thu hit on uacli HJilu of the liorHc'M fact!, with tin' naiJH {lonctrat nioru worry iiini. Hu liuarH thi^ p'lllinK and liiHHin^ anil niovmnt^nt of |iony tliu ruins. Tlio over liini, and rears in an allVigiitu'd manner, to olijcut being to make n wunry horse seem lively ! Evil of Blinds, or Blinkers. The UHo of hliniU or " blinkers " is another traditional spuciusof crnulty, pas.iivu in its form, ami yet akin to the ehuek ruin in its injurious uO'uots on the sensitive nature of thu horse which a little ii\telligcnt thought would correct. It should bo runiumlicred that — ''The horse has binocular, or side vmion, whiuh blinds of cuurbu :•. the nmnifest danger to life and limb of him who shows neither wisdom nor compassion in his treatment of the poor, tcrrilied horse. Broken Down by Hard Usage. A "broken-down • 'irse" is the nat- ural result of neglect or ill-usage, or of both combineil. It is truly a sad sight to see an animal of so nol)le, iind yet of so sensitive, a nature, liter- ally " broken (low n " by num's cru- elty or neglect. How immeasurably TWO HORSES, WITH AND WITHOrT BLINDS, AT A RAILWAY STATION. entirely intercept. The conBequenco is that horses often take fright and run avvaj', and do great injury, simply because they cannot see what is going on around them. Moreover, blinders are often carelessly adjusted, and by their friction, or the pressure of their rough edges and their continued Happing, do the eye great injury. Most cases of blindness are caused by blinders. A horse is more easily broken to harness without blinders, and afterwards never needs them." As a striking example of the ill-effects of the check -rein and of blinders, we give the above accompanying twofold illi\stration. The horse to the right has neither the blinds over his eyes nor a check-rein to aggravate him in his nervous tremor. He, therefore, looks, with ears erect, at the jiuffing, moving engine. such a man, in a Christian community, falls be- low the "Arab of the desert," whom we h)ok upon as not half civilized, and es])ecially as one not knowing anything of the kindness, human- ity and mercy taught us in the Bible, and as the result of Christian civilization. The illustration on page 20 gives us an ex- ample of the legitimate el'ects of thoughtless, heartless, or deliberately cruel usage. Horses the subjects of such usage — unfortunately for themselves— arc usually owned by livery-stable keepers. And however much such keepers may warn, and even threaten, those who hire these horses, that, in case of injury, or wilful accident by their " contributory negligence," they will be held to account, yet it practically avails little 20 THE TORONl'O HUMANE SOCIETY. to the poor horse. Often, when out of slglit c: the owner, the whip is appU^-d without stint or mercy, nud tlie horse is driven at the top of his speed — and tluit too without regard to its ability or condition. The consequence is that in a s'iort time the horse is u**.erly broken down, and is thus rendered useless for livery- stable purposes. The bent knees and lifted liind leg (in the illustration) shows how "weary iind worn " the cruelly over-driven " livery " is w hon returned to the stable. As a rule, the Thou art glad when Hassan mounts the saddle — Thou art proud he owns thee : so am I. Let the Sultan bring his boasted horses. Prancing with their diauijud-studded reins ; They, my darling, shall not match thy fleet- ncsb. When they course with thee the desert plain.s. We have seen Damascus, O my beauty ! And the splendor of tlie Pashas there ; What's their pomp and riches? why, I would not Tak-j them for a handful of thy hair 1 — liayard Taylor rREMATOr.KLY BROKEN DOWN BY HARD USAGE. keeper has little or no means of redress, and, alas, the ill-used horse has no champion ! The Aiab to His Horse. Come, my beauty ! come, my desert-darling ! On my shoulder lay thy glossy head ! Fear not, though the barley-sack be empty. Here's the ha'f of Hassan's scanty breatl. TIk.u shalt have thy share of dates, my beauty ! And thou know'st my watrr-skin is free: Drink and welcome, for the wells are distant, And my strength and safety lie in thee. Bend thy foreliead, now, to take my kisses ! Lift in love thy dark and splendid eye; Neglect to Water Horses. Another kind of neglect from which horses suffer is a failure to water them at suital>le times. Watering (^ horse should be done before r.rd when they are at work, and not iunnedi- atcly afterwards — as that might be dangeri'Us if the horse were too warm at the time. This failure is freipiently the result of care- less neglect. It too often arises from the fact that the nunicipa! iiutiinrities have ..^glected to j)rovi(ie tlrinking fountains in various parts of the city or town for that purpose. In Toronto tliia omission is now likely to be sup])lied. The Water Works Committee ot the City Council have, at the instance of Mr. CRUELTY TO HORSES. 21 Kulso, Secretar> of our Humane Society, re- portoil favorably on the subject. I'ersoas driving horses with loads all day sliDuld carefully attend to the duty of watering tlit'ir horses. The following hints on this sub- jiiit may be of use : — " If a horse is allowed to drink directly alter eating, n, portion of the food is carried through tiie stomach undigested, and is liablfi to do harm. Thereforo, always water horses be/ore feeding, and you will find they will do beoter. live part — of a horse's tail. This cruel opera- tion is known by the name of " docking." It, as well as the practice of clipping the ears of dogp, is a cruel and repreiiensible act. In the ccse of hornes it deprives them of the means in summer of driving off flies and other troul)lc- some insects. The IVair of the shortened tail is not long enough to enable the horse to whisk off his tormentors from the fore part of his body . On this point see the admiralile remarlvs m^ rODNTAI.V FOR HORSES AND DOO.-?. drive better, sweat less, etc., and will drink all that nature demands as soon as the, become accustomed to this habit." Fountains are an absolute necessity in the city both for horseB and dogs. Tbe Society appeals to generous citizens for he7p to erect some of them. Docking of Horses' Tails. .\ iiractice has grown up of late years, especi- ally among those wlio affect tlie "style" of military men, not only of cutting, or shorten- ing, the hail' of* a horse's tail, iiut also of cut- ting off the upper portion —often the most sensi- of Mr. G. \V. Curtis, in the "Practical Reflec- tions," on page 32. The Massachusetts Humane Society has is- sued the following timely remarks on this sul)- ject: — " The advocates of this caprice of fashion — for it is nothing more -advance in defence of this mutilation: — " 1. That it improves the app* arance of the animal and increases its value. "2. That it prevents accidents which may be caused by the reins becoming bound dowu untier the tail in driving. U'J rill': rouoNro iiimanI'; noc ikiv. " ;i TlvHt i( mHi|H.»ti'S ('1ii(Vtlll\U>(iH Mill mkVKB \i\\»w ill urixMiihiti. "4. I'll.:! it i« >'Up|iitiiiii'\ , mill lliorcrniii m'i>i>«iiniv. " III iiiiHWi>i, i( iimv l>i> bhIiI I "I rimi till' iiiiiiiliiii.iii of llin htmltliy iiihl inmilill (toliioUH iif lUiy illliiiiil* I'lilllint liii|i|ii\ii i\w \\!\\\A\\\o\\ i>l' llio ('ii>,i(.>i' or itilil (i> iiM vi»l«o. "'i, 'l'hi»t t\w tN>nio\iil ii{ ;\ |iiirti<\ii of tlio l>w >i|' (lii> lii>r>n>'K t.iil, mi fill' I'iMiii luMiij; ii HiilVii«,»i>l .•»j;iiii\H( tin' iiiti'lfoiviiiH' lit till' ri'iiiK ill iln\ iujj, n\oiviiso» tlio iliuini'r o( nooiili iit fi-tntj« iii'<> iiiiiii- N II sitivc mill I lid tjiil mmU> U>»«i lloxililo I'v ltn> O|l0>N»t|ill> " ;*. rii.it tlio iiiiitniiit of l.iliiiv Mfivoil -ir tlio ,'i<{>h(ii>ii;il • UmiiHiiosm sov'iin'il llioioliy, iiic i'\ oiisos (iin tiniiil t NUv>li lliillilii- ti.m iMV5v«>;ny or in iu\\ si-iimo jnstilinliNv "A, riiiit tho rtiiiiiiil i,s tliori'tiy fotvi-ic ili>- {irivoil of tlio imtmtil iiuviiis of piMli'i-tiiij; itwcll *ii;viii!>t iiisoit*. « hill- t!\o iIi-IivmIo |»,ivts lioiicatli till' t«il ,iiY inuus'os,»jirily t-vjiosoil. "(V lliiit tho ojy'r;itioii is in itsi-lf onii'l, in rtiotiiiu jviiii jiiivl sutV.. ; liijj for n loiisiiUialiU' K'Ujith ot tiino. iiii.l iv. oni> not uiiiittoiuloil liy tt.>nj;xn- :iiul fatal >Mnsi~nnoi»iHi«." Tho foUowi'iji ivm uks also liriolly siviiun \rixo tho l\A«l otVoots <oration. hrusli oil" tho tiios aiui ino»(jiiit«H-s tiiat will niako tiioir lito every sunimcr a torment," Clipptng a Horse's Coat. Clipping is e>-en i«oro IvirKuMus than >look i»\^, l>y it, in onUl \ve;»thor, « horso oan ho ohillwt t^^ death in a very short tinio. The Into Mr. l>or):h, of Xow Y-n-k. issmsl i« stmng np- {xvitl on this suhjtvt. .ind ;»^>inst tho praotioo as .striius one. Ho ij notes the following to suppoart his appeal : — '•M«yhevr. in his great work. Ss-iys: 'ClipfH^l or Mng*d horses are thereby rendere^l susoepti- bl« to ownv disorvlers. Any intern.al organ knay tin m>iiti>ly ivllin'lii'il, I niiati Ijin |iiir<)|t||'ii|iiiii him, liy ii\|iHi< tioiiH of foM (• ' " » ;iot>ii' lliiiM bIioi II,' iiH Miiylli'M Miiyn, 'In IV ili'follllily (III I'litoi Ih iiiiiiiiliii:'l, Hill oihif U illlll illiil Htiililiiii II loiiliili^-, iiiml '.iiilllio lliiil poll»lii'il Hill rail' \i liii'li In iiiitno 111 tho lioniillliil i|llilill'll|iiil Mill iiiil liMMOri ^Aoir f/f(liJi. 'I'lio iiliiiiiiofiil loniilliiiil llilu iilioiii illillilo 01 liolty to tlio nil lilt iiMoliil I if nil llio Inn oi iiliiiiialx mo loo iiiiiiioi HUM to iiii>iil inn. A fiiiiiniiH Voloiiiimy miininn of l\iin(M|i!n Inlil iiio noiiio tiino ouo that tlnoo lino linruiH lin.l iiml ilioil, to IiIm fuioM loiljjo, nil iiijj 111 o|||i|iiiin I Illlll I will ooiii'liiilo tliiii ii|i|ioal 111 nil hiiiiiniiolv iiioliiio I p >oovo Hi* Penteoostiil gift hath ponrod, And that forgotfoii .sjioooh ro.Htorod That tilled the ganloii of tho Lord When Nfttnro'is voioo wa.s lovo ! Oh. blest are they tlie oroatiircs hlosa I And yet that wealth of teudoriiess, In look, in gesture, in caress. By which our hearts thoy touch, f'l(IM',t,TV lo lldilMKH. n MIfjIll Wnll llio llliiM'jIilflll Dlllt'lt. MI'll'V*', Iti'lli'vlliK IWt ttl- iiiiimI lioliovii lloW lillll' tlll'V fll'lll IMMM IIMMilVd, 'I'll wIlMlli llli'V M'^'" **" OIIII'll I 'riiiiy niiiy I'" "lli'iit., iin V" •"'•.V'l Hill wiiK t.ii llii'Mi wliii, liny liy 'I'ly. t Inlliliildn^ fur wliiil. Iiniiii l.lii'V |ii'ity, lli'|ii'iil, " Tliy liliiHiliiiii I'liiiii'. " Willi, vv'ii'ii iii'fiiiii Mill ^^vl'l\.l h'iiim 'riiriiiiii 'I'liiiy |iliiiiil Him I. iiii'i'iiy liiiiy lin mIiiiwii, l''lllil iiwflll Viilri'ii iliiiwil Minlr own I Iki viili'iiM III I.Imi iIiiiiiIi I <"> (hr^il W'in'ilt, Tlif ttuinnnn Morlnty IrimtH thnf, t'lln "iiiiprjal" V. Ill fliiil nil niilio III l,lin linarlN of nil wliii rniul It. Iloinns Uiicovai'cd in Siiuw mikI I^mIii. 1 1 In It I'ltiiiiiiiiii ;it'iii'lli'ii, i|iilt'llllll In llMlVli llll'if IllUNCH Illll'IIVIIt'llll, (iVI'll illll'llIU NiI<: to '■ndiir'! nniiH aj;ainHt hiuIi a |iia"lii^(!, tlin 'I'nrniitn llii- tliin hccih; for a iiiniiiciit, tin: Qiia!i':r •tp|,<'i' irilniiil lilni liy III" lilt, li'avlii|{ tin' inniitli nf tin' aiiiniii.1 niw ami lili'iuliii)^. A tliiiil time, aftm a vinli'iit I'llnrt, Im fi'll nil liln l'|,;aii kli'liin({ till' iinfnrtiiiiatii animal nn tlin .'."mtrtln. At tliiH III iini'lit II. l/iiakm ntn|i|iiti|, a>|i| |iimli(;'v*': ■^^^^fi^'' t'NMIIKI/rKllKlf VWm TIIK MTOUM. liiaiio .Sni-i(!ty lian inMiiitil tint f(t!lowiii;{ card : "Tim 'I'nrniitn Ililliiaim Snriiily (tailtiniiH all ilriviM'H ajiiiiiist llii' rnirily nf liMiviii^f linrHiM Ktiiliilin)4 nil tin: Hlliirt III cnlil wiatliir witliniit )irii|li';' cnvirillL' If tin: nflciiri: ih |iiiHiMti:e street. Come luid let me give one good square meal to your poor horse, and something to yourself and family." So they went, and Mr. I'ergh placed hay and oats before " the stay of the family," and a generous sum of money in the hand of the man. The Society would like to help in such sad cases, had it the means to do so. It needs money. Dandy Jack, the Pony. " The little white pony owned by the wife of Rev. Dr. Crane died recently. Years ago he was a favorite with children who attended P. T. Uarnum's show, lie was known as " Dandy .lack," and performed a number of tricks. He would nod yes or no in reply to questions, lie down and roll over, get upon his knees, kick when commanded to do so, and perforin other antics. For several years he was diiven about Asbury Park, Ocean (i rove and Ocean Park, by Mrs. Crane. He was very iond of children, and would play witli them like a big dog. He was more than twenty years old. He luul been almost blind for about two years. " Be Merciful to the Horse. Do tlie l)easts of burden that strive and groan. And writhe and crouch 'neath tie pitiless rod, Are they never allowed to lift their cry. And lay their wrongs at the feet of God? All day I've watched from my window high The infamous street where the horsewhips hiss, And I ask myself will the day e'er come When men will answer for all of this ? For I saw a horse with starting eyes. With straining nerves and a throbbing flank ; I saw him strive till his strongtii gave out, And ho on tht; murderous pavement sank. I heard a curse from a lower beast; 1 heard his wliip-liiMli crack liki^ shot; I watched and heard till my heart was sore. And I felt the blood in my veins grow hot. Thou wretch with the whip, aemember this— Remend)er, thou knight of the curse and rod. The voiceless cry of a stricken beast Is heard by the pitying ears of (iod ! — Till' Khan, in the Torouto Telegram. Horses' Revenge for C-uel Treatment. Mr. G. T. Angell, President of the Massa- chusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, gives these examples of horses' revenge : — ExAMPLF. 1. — " Horses' know when they are badly treated. I u.scd to drive a very spirited, but perfectly safe, lior.se, which I never struck with a whip. One day whei; the horse was tied at a neighlior's, some young people thought it would be a good joke to ha^e a tree ride. The lior.se would not have minded that ; but the Hist tiling they did wus to strike him with the whip. He gave t'lcin a good deal faster ride than they wanted, and at the next street-corner upset the carriage and eiiiptiud tlieiii out ; then he ran a few rods further, and tlicn*sto))ped mid com- menced (piietly eating the grass by the side of the road. Those young jicople received a lesson on the imporuiiicc of treating an intelligent and spirited horse kindly which they will never forget. " I used to drive another horse as spirited as the one I have just told you about, and 1 always treated him kindly. One day he was trotting down a steep hill near Boston, with a heavy two-.seated carriage, when both the hold-backs broke and the carriage came upon him. He stopped alino.^t instantly, and held the carriage until all could get out. Do you think if he had been used to being wliipjied and cruelly treated, li( would have done that?" Example "2. — A friend also sends the follow- ing illustrative description of a trick which is often playeil in the streiits. Let employers and parents ask their boys if they jiractise it: — " A mischievous boy, passing alongside a horse staniliiig by the sidewalk, gives the horse a sharp jMiiicli in tile ribs, apparently for the mere satis- faction of seeing the animal bite. This trick is generally performed Ijy such boys as are em- ployed by the city firms for errand boys. "One consideration that strikes nie in this connection is this: the teamster or driver uses all care for a long time to make and keep his horse kind and manageable. When this task has been fully accomiilishcd, along comes one 38 THK TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. I of these youni^sters, and apoils the work of months or yeiirs. " Horses iiiiiy in this way be taught to bite in a very siiort time, and tlieir attacks in crowded streets become dan^/'rous to persons not acciia- tomed to watching tor them. ' ExAMl>l,K. 3. — "Take a fine, noble-spirited horse, cut off the liair of liis tail bob short, ])\it him in harness with a short check-rein, liitcli him in the sun where the thermometer is as high as ninety, and where Hies are ])lenty. If he is a liorso of common sense, he will take the first opportunity to run away and destroy your car- riage, and possil)ly dash out your brains or dis- able you for life." Deceiving a Horse when Catching Him. A ]ierson near Boston was in the habit, wiien- ever he wished to catch his horse in the field, of taking a quantity of com in a measure by way of bait. On calling to him the horse would come up and eat corn while the bridle was put over his head. Piut the owner deceived the animal several times at intervals, by calling him when lie had no corn in tlie measure. The horse, coming up one day as usual, on being called, looked into the measure, and, seeing it empty, reared on his hind legs, and striking with his fore feet, killed his master on the spot. — MarciiM WUlson. Catching Beautiful Beck. With forehead star and silver tail, And three white feet to match. The gay, half -broken sorrel colt — Which one of us could catch ? "I can," said Dick; " I'm good for that." He slowly shook his empty hat. " She'll think 'tis full of corn," said he ; "Stand back, and she will come to me." Her head the shy, proud creature raised, As 'mid the daisy flowers she grazed , Then down the hill, across the brook. Delaying oft, her way she took ; Then changed her pace, and moving quick. She hurried on, and came to Dick. "Ha! ha!" he cried, "I caught you, Beck!" And put the halter round her neck. But soon there came another day, And, eager for a ride — " I'll go and catch the colt again : I can," said Dick, with pride. So up the stony pasture lane. And up the hill he trudged again ; And when he saw tlie colt, as slow He shook his old liat to and fro. " She'll think 'tis full of corn," he thought, "And I shall have her quickly caught. "Beck! Beck!" he called; and at the sound The restless beauty looked around. Then made a cpiick, impatient turn, And galloped off among the fern. And when beneatli a tree she stopped, And leisurely some clover cropped, Dick followed after, but in vain; His hand was just upon her mane. When off she flies, as flies the wind. And, panting, he pressed on again. Down througli the brake, the brook across, O'er bushes, tldstles, mounds of moss. Round and around the place they passed. Till, breathless, Dick sank down at last; Threw by. provoked, his empty iu;t, — "The colt," he said, "remembers that! There's alv/ays trouble from deceit ; I'll never try again to cheat ! " — Marion Douglass, The Horse Byron and Teasing Jack. Jack was a boy full of fun and frolic. Byron was a large white horse. Both lived and worked on Grandma Hudson's farm. Jack had a habit that Byron did not like. While he was eating his hay and v. /n Jack would stand in front of the stall and tease him by making all sorts of ugly grimaces at him. Jack thought it fine fnn to see Byron get angry and try to bite him through the bars of the stall. Uncle George had often reproved Jack for this bad habit, telling him that the hor'se would hurt him some time if he continued such conduct. One day, when Uncle George was away. Jack went into the stable to bridle Byron and lead him to the well. But, as he was reaching up to take hold of his mane, Byron opened his mouth, seized Jack by his thick, curly hair, lifted him from the floor, and walked leisurely out with him into the barnyard. Grandma Hudson heard a loud scream, ar\ ran to the kitchen door to see what was me matter. There was Byron, with Jack hang- ing from his mouth, marching across the yard ; he was not trying to hurt the boy, but only giving him a vigorous shake now and then, to show him what he could do if he persisted in teasing him any more. When the horse had punished him sufficiently he dropped him on the ground and trotted away to the well. In this novel but effective way Jack was taught to leave off the dangerous, if not cruel, habit of teasing animals. — Lillian AT. D. CRUKLTV TO AXIMALS GKNERALLY. 39 Unconsciously Cruel to a Horse. On MadiMon street one day I paused to pat the nose of a beautiful horso wliioh stood by the curb, and ooinmiHserate his iiiisfortuuu ; for ttiis beautiful animal, though sleek uf cout and shapely in body ami limb, was ap[>arently suf- fering most excruciating torture. His head had been checked inhumanely high, and the cruel Itit, drawing tightly in his nu)uth, disfigured an animal face of unusual charm and intelligence. 1 was just fancying that the horse had begun t(j understand and appreciate my words of sym- pathy, when the lady who sat in the carriage holding the reins fumbled in her pocket, pro- duced a lump of white sugar, and asked me to give it to the horse. "He is very fond of sugar," she explained, "and I have quite won his heort by feeding it to him. I always carry sugar in my pocket while out driving, and give him a lump at every opportunity. Will you please give him another lump?" "Certainly," I replied; "I see that you are quite as fond of the horse a) he is of sweets." " Yes, I think everything of him." "Thou why do you torture him?" " 'J'orture my I'rinco?" " Yes, thp.il is just what you are doing. Do you not know that the poor animal sull'ers agony because his head is checked so unnaturally high? His neck is drawn out straight, ^)roducing a most un^n'aceful angle, he hol(i.s his head awk- wardly, tlie bit is hurting his mouth, and that graceful curvature of neck and carriage of head which are in his nature are now entirely lost. Why do you check him so high ?" She didn't know. She was not aware that high checking was a source of pain to horses, nor that it destroyed their natural beauty. She was anuized at the discovery. "May 1 trouble you to loosen his check?" she asked. "When the trap was unsnappcd the horse inmiediately lowered his head, straightened the cramps out of his handsome neck, shook him- self to make sure that he had actually been re- leased from bondage, and then looked round with such a grateful, delighted expression in his intelligent eyes that his mistress declared no more checking straps should be used upon him. — Chkaijo Herald. IV. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS GENERALLY. " Maker of earth and sea and sky, Creation's Sovereign, Lord and King, Who hung the starry worlds on high. And formed alike tho sparrow's wing; Bless the dumb creatures of Thy care. And listen to their voiceless prayer." — Emily B. Lord. What Creatures are Generally Ill-treated. The form which cruelty to animals in general takes may be briefly summarized as follows : — " 1. To Cattle, Sheep, Swink and Podl- TKY. — There is much thoughtless and some malicious cruelty to cattle, sheep, swine, and poultry, in their keeping, carrying, and driv- ing, and in their slaughter for the purposes of food. Cows and beef cattle are kept for months without exercise, or care. Suckling calves are shipped in close, filthy stables, witliout proper food, to market, and kept without food for from twelve to eighty and one hundred hours. Such cruelty reacts upon society, resulting in sick- ness, and sometimes in death, both to children who use milk and to adults who eat flesh. "2. To Insectivorous AND other Birds. — Tlie safety of our crops depends greatly upon the preservation of insect-eating birds, while the beauty of our homes and the pleasures of outtloor life are largely due to the ministry of our birds of song. Vet, through indulgence in wanton sport, and owing chiefly to an inexpli- cable caprice of fashion among ladies, which demands the bodies and plumage of birds for ornamental purposes, all birds are rapidly de- creasing in numbers, and many varieties seem likely to become extinct unless they are pro- perly protected. "3. To Doas, Fowls, Rats, Pioeons fob 80 THE TORONTO UUMANK SOCIKTY. SO-CALLED 'Si'oRT.'— Doj{-figlitiiijt{, i-dck -fight- ing, rat-baiting, pigoon-Hhooting, und otiior brutal uxliibitioHH of tlio kin truly ! Oh ! that they had kindness, the men we love so well ! They t^all us tluU and stupid, and vlcioua and unruly, Aneasts of the field are so constructed as to give forth all the naturd expression of it. Tlieso poor animals just look and tremble and give forth the very indications of suffering that we do. Theirs is the distinct cry of pain. Theirs is the unequivocal physiognomy of pain. They put on the same aspect of terror on the demon- stration of the mena<'«>d Idow. Tlioy cxiiibit the same distortions of agony after the infliction of it. The bruise, or the burn, or the fracture, or the deep incision, or the fierce encounter with one of e(|ual or supciior strength, just affects tlicm Himiliirly to ourHclvos. Tlioir Mood cir- culates as ours. Tliey sicken, they giow feeble with age, and finally they die, just as we do. . . . The binl whose little household has been stolen fills and Haircs, there is an unexplored depth and intensity of suffering which tlio poor dumb animal itself cannot tell, and against which it can offer no remonstrance — an untold and unknown amount of wretched- ness of which no articulate voice gives utter- ance. Tho brute animals have all the same sensa- tions of pain as human beings, and, conse- quently, endure as much pain when their body is hurt ; but in their case the cruelty of tor- ment is greater, because they have no mind ta bear them up against their suffering, and no hope to look forward to wheaendurirg the last extreme of pain. — Rev. Dr. T. Chalmers. "The poor beetle that we tread upon, In corporal suffering frets a pang as great As when a giant dies. " Shakexpeare. Tom's Cruelty and its Repaymeni, The following is a striking illustration of that divine truth, uttered by our Saviour, as He ap- plied it to man's conduct, " With what measure ye mete, it shall bo measured to you again " ; — Tom sat at the parlor window. Watching the people go by; But what was lie really after? Why, plucking the legs from a fly. Ay, there he sat in the sunshine, Tot :nontiiig the tiny things ; First plucking their legs from their sockets, Then afterwards clipping their wings. He didn't know then that his father Was waiting till Tom had a game ; Then he thought he would give him a lesson. And treat him a little the same. 33 THK TOKONTO IIUMANK SOC'IKIV. 80 catching hid Ron of a nnditim, Ami |jiviii){ iiiit ulliow a twist, He pulled at Uii\ earn till h« holloctl, 'I'lii'ii (loiilik'il him up with liiH Iliit. Ami diiiii't he twist on thu carpet I And didn't he c;ry out with piiin ! But whonevur liu criud " Oh, you liurt niol" His father would punch him a<,'nin. " VViiy, 'I'om, how amazingly funny ! You don't sooni to like it, my hoy; And yet when you try it on otluu-a, You always are singing for joy. " Hush, hush 1 while I pull both your logs off, And olip oir the half of your arm; What you |)ruetise yourself, sure, on others, You uan't think a sin or a harm. "Now, Tommy, my boy," said his father, " You'll leave thcHo pf)or creatures t\,l:.r'( ? If not, I'll go on with my lesson " — "I will," cried poor Tom with a groan. No Law to Punish Drunken Cruelty. No more striking example of the eti'ect of treatment like that nanated in the following paragraph could he given than is shown in the illustration on page '20 of this ])ublicatiou. It is only another of these too oft-recuiTing cases of drunken cruelty: — " A gentle, high-spirited horse, which I had never struck with a whip in my life, was loaned by the man who took care of liim to two young men, to be Iriven with great care, a short dis- tance. "They stopped at a tavern, got drunk, and drove the poor creature almost to death. " He waH brought l)ack into tbe door yard, covered with sweat and foam, so . .'ak he i:ould hardly stand, and with such a I >'.>'. of tleapair in his eyes as I never saw ii. e.t'icr human or animal eyes before, and hope ne- ur to see again. " It was only by working almost the entire night that his life was saved. "Iherc was then no law to punish the men who did it, or the- man who sold them that which made them do it." Cruelty Cured by an Act of Cruelty. A few weeks ago I was spending the evening at the house of a prominent lawyer. He told me as many as fifteen years ago he was made a member of the Humane .Society l)y an event. He said he had never given this matter of cruelty much thought; had gone through his young farm life thrashing his horse whenever iie saw fit. He had quite a fine horse that. when plowing, would once in a wliilo turn around; finally ho took a club and gave the horse quite a beating. At length hi' took up a largo rock, weighing about three pounds, started again in the furrow, and said if thu horse turns around to him again ho would throw the stone at the horse, which ho did, and knocked out an eye. He was so shoc:ked at his inhumanity that he went to the house and crioil. His father and motlu^r cried also over the terrible injury wliich the horse had received. J''rom that day ho has nover been aware of entertaining a cruel thought towards man, child or beast. — llUnoia Humane Sorie.ly'ii Rijiort. Practical Reflections on Cruelty in General. Mr. (J. W. Curtis, one of the editors of llar- per'a Maijazine, in his " Easy Chair " for March, 1888, says:— "The domes Ic animals are very silent about [the ill-treatment which they receivej. They make little complaint, 'i'he shaved liorse which is left standing uncovered in the icy blast until he qiuikes with l)itter cold, but still stands un- lliuching; or the same hapless animal whose tail is bobbed wo that every summer insect can sting him at will unharmed, but which ni^ithcr kicks nor runs; the do;,' whoso ears and tail are cut and clipped to please the fancy or fur- ther the ])lans of his human owner, and which is teased and whijiped and outraged under the plea of training— would tiiey necessarily dilate sciluctively to their comrades, still douliting and delaying in the forest, upon the chanci^s and advantages of human intercourse. Do they not, indeed, appeal mutely to intelligent humim \m- ings to consider carefully whether civilized man is yet civilized enough to be intrusted with tht- happiness and training and fate of animals? Mr. iJergh evidently thinks not; and he is a wise observer, and one of the truest of modern benefactors and reformers. " "That best portion of a good n-.m's life — His little nameless, unremembered acts Of kindness and of love — With fragrance will perfume his name." — A Hon. How to Secure Gentleness in Horses. An exchange paper says that Senator Stan- ford, of California, has, perhaps, the finest col- lection of horses in America. A friend, who visited him some time since, told me they were so gentle they would come at once to visitors to bo talked to and petted. "How do you contrive to have these horses so gentle ? " said my friend. "I never permit any man to speak unkindly to one of my horses, and if a man swears at one of them I discharge him," was tlie answer. TRANSl'ORTATION' OK CATTLE, SHKEP, ETC. S3 V. TRANSPORTATION OF CATTLE, SHEEP, ETC. So viut iiM booomo tlio imiiiber of iMittlc, alioop, swino iiiiil jionltry, now Mont liy rivilwiiy to vat'ioiiH poiiitH for traiisliipiiit'iit, or other- wise, that in doing no, niiiuh cruelty hait Iwun I'iiroltiHsly or wilfully iiiflict'iil on tluiHtj hclpluHH iiniinalH. Tlio attention of Humane SoeietieH overywlioro Iuih l)o''tion varying of course with distances." TRANSPORTATION OF CATTLE, SHEEP, ETC. 3i> Transported Cattle as Food. A Boston gentleman, who has carefully in- vestigated the s'lbject of cattle transportation froii the \Vest to our Kastern cities, visiting, as he says, all places of importance where he could gain informacion in regard to it, writes that large numbers of cattle are trampled to death jn the cars ; that larger numbers at the end of these long routes "come reeling and tumbling out of the cars as though blind or in- toxicated"; that tliese dead and di8easc.'s is i-.nlit for hu- man food; all tliv.. rest is more than unlit; ic is. THE TnRKl,r— HEAD UP AND FRKB. the manglir.gs, bruisings, fevers and deaths during the horrible journey. All these horrors appeal strongly to our h''manity. '' But aside from the compassion aroused for the dumb brutes by a recital of these facts, we are brought to consider tlie grave question of the effect upon the public by the consumption TORTUREn WHILE BKlNfi TUANSPORTED. a dangerous and loathsome poison, producing a. variety of terrilile diseases. This grave state- ment, made by a liighly respectable and intelli- gent gentleman, if suthcient to put the country upon prompt and earnest official imjuiry into the facts. " Transportation of Sheep, Swine, etc. What is lierein stated of cattle is equally true of sheep, swine, calves, etc. In the case of the latter, as also in the case of calves and lambs, how often are they most cruelly treated by thought- less, careless men and boys, while being transported in waggons to • the place of slaughter. So also in the case of poultry. They may be often seen with their legs tied together, and with heads hanging down, carried carelessly in the hand (see page 36)— they all the while greatly suffering, and let- ting their misery be known only by inarticulate sounds of distreea and pain. The other forms of ';/" ' cruelty to these poor creatures ^,^-"' are:— '^~ '' IMucking fowls alive; packing live jioultry ho closely in crates that many of them die of sutloca- tion , all of which things are not only cruel to tlic animals, Init also injure the meat, and to a greater or lesser extent endanger the public iioalth. On this subject, Mr. R. D. Whitehead, Superintendent of the Wiscon I umane So- ciety, Milwaukee, writes: — 36 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. " Tlio method of handling poultry now, is not at all uniform. Poultry that is destined for the market, is shipped in all sorts of store and shoe boxes, and, in fact shipped in anj'- thing hut a well constructed coop, or crate of the proper size. I have seen in our own city, within the past year, full grown turkeys, forced all the seams, making the box water-tight. The younger and weaker fowls were trodden down and drowned. " The mode of handling peultry thirty years ago, especially in the South, was, with few exceptions, more humane than the present method. Turkeys and geese were driven along ALAS FOB THE RARITY OF CHRISTIAN CHARITY," EVEN TO FOWI.Sl into a box four inches high, with the cover nailed down. Another case of extreme cruelty, was a shipper forcing twenty geese into a small box, throwing in a large quantity of corn-meal, and pouring in a large cjuantity of water, thinking tlnis to supply food and drink. Tlie water and meal formed a ])aste, which closed the common highways to market. They wprv3 also shipped on the decks of boats, which v^•^re ' railed in ' for this purpose. "The principal exception was when the wings of the fowls were locked and their legs tied, in buncleB of from six to twelve, and strung on a pole, to be carried on the shoulders TRANSPORTATION OF CATTLE, SHEEP, ETC. 37 --tight. rodden Y years th few present a along icy wpvd icii v•^^e hen the H'ir legs Ivo, and lioulders of two men, or, thrown across a mule's back, behind and in fiont of tlie rider." The Society trusts that every reader of tieso pages will aid the Society in trying to put a stop to these cruel practices. The Society craves the sympathy of the citizens, and their generous aid, in the prosecution of their human3 mission. THE DUCK AT IIOMK AM) rN"'jRTnEED. Thoughtless and Cruel Treatment of Fowls. From the generally thoughtless manner in which persons carry fowls with their heads downwards, it clear that tlie act is not dictated so much from " cruel intent," as from thought- lessness, or convenience. Many such persons, if their attention were called to the fo.ct tliat their treatment of these helpless creatures caused them great pain, often amounting to agony — as a look at their fi'ightened and flashing eyes would show — they would at once desist from such treat- ment, and release the suffering fowls. As a genei'al rule fowls are brought to the market in Toronto either dead and plucked, or alive in crates, with slats nailed on them. The tendency is, in order to save space and secure convenience in transport, to make the crates too small. Very often, too, the fowls, even if m roomy crates, are made to sufFer from want of food and water, or from neglect. Necessity for Enlightenment on Humane Subjects. The numerous painful facts, de- tailed in these pages, make it neces- sary to take some steps to counteract the evils pointed out. This is one reason why the Toronto Humane Society has decided to have prepared for extensive distributior this publication. Amelioration in Cattle Transportation, It is gratifying to learn from the report of the President ot the American Humane Associa- tion read at the Rochester meeting (1887), that a great iiuprovement has taken place of late in the treatment of cattle in transit. He says :-- " With the exception of the case of one or two railroads, animals in transportation are rested and fed and watered in accordance with the law. In public slaughter houses, creatures destined for liuman food, are, as a rule, killed promptly and humanely ; and in nearly all the larger fields of animal industry there is grow- ing up a sense of responsibility to the public at large. One of the marked exceptions to this general rule is the hideous lack of care and callous indiH'crence shown to range cattle on the cattle fields of the West and in the common cars. . . . " Not only have the owners of humane cars been increasing the number of cars under their diHerei.i patents, and, not only arc shippers- using more and more of these cars in the place of the old fashioned railroad car, but the rail- roads east of ','hicago and St. Louis have agreed to haul and are hauling thousands of cattle in humane cars at the same rate of freight as in common cars. ' We regret to say, however, that the western roads still discriminate in this matter, backed up in their action by the Inter-State law," etc. Steps to Prevent Cruelty in Stock- Yafds. The American Humane Association have taken steps to prevent cruelty to animals in the process of transportation. First, by plac- UUMANE SOCIETV SIGNS UJ STOCK-YAUD.S. ing large printed signs on poles, forbidding it, as the law directs. Secondly, by appointing agents to see that the law on the subject is duly observed, and that no unnecessary cruelty is practised in the transportation of stock. The Society solicits the co-operation and contri- butions of humane citizens for the prosecution of Its noble work, herein described and Illustrated. 38 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. Effect on Cattle of Cruelty and Neglect. The Chicago Stock Reporter says : — "There is great cruelty in transportation. •Cars are terribly overcrowded, and animals are carried great distances without f/od or water. The result is, that they are take-.i out at Chicago with bruises and sores, and legs and liorns broken; many of them dead, and more almost dead ; and sometimes cattle and hogs, and some- times cattle and sheep, are packed in the same car, which results in the smaller animals being trampled upon by the larger. " The Toronto Cattle Market. On the 15th March, 1S68, Mr. J. J. Kelso, Secretary to our Humane Society and a reporter of the Olohp newspaper, visited the Toronto Cattle Market, in company with Constable Whitesides, the Humane Society's officer. Mr. Kelso writes ; — " In a waiting-room a number of the drovers were having an exciting time over a dog fight, but they hastily dispersed when the constable put his head in at the window. The pens of KEEPING TIRED OAITLE STANDINd BY TSE OF SPIKE POLE.S. cattle and pigs were only half-covered and, as many of the animals are often left in tlie.n for two or three days, they must have suffered a great deal from cold during the past few months. Tlie reporter was told that one pig was frozen to death, but Caretaker Walker states that it died from other causes, and the body subsequently was frozen. In other re- spects the animals seemed to be as well treated as could reasonably be expected, and where cruelty is inflicted it is generally by the young fellows employed as drovers. Dealers will find that it does not pay to ne<,dect their stock. Beef cattle have a hard life of it at best. They are taken from a farmer's comfortable barn, driven to the station, put in poorly arranged cf>rs, unloaded at the market with yells and goadings, left in the open stalls for about twenty-four hours, then perhaps reloaded and taken to Montreal, cold, exhausted and hungry. Mr. Walker stated to the reporter that much needless crnelty has been prevented by the frequent visits of the Humane ofiicer, and that no drover ever attempts now to use the spiked pole that formerly was in common use. " Hard Treatment of Cattle on Shipboard. On the 25th April, 1888, a deputation from Toronto waited on the Hon. John Carling, Minister of Agriculture, at Ottawa. The To- ronto World thus reports the interview : — "In 1886 a departmental regulation was passed, providing that cattle on board ship were to be allowed a space not less than eight by two and a half feet This arrangement worked very satisfactorily during ISSG, but in 1887, it was not carried out, and the exporters of cattle by the Canadian steamship lines com- plain that the mortality among animals in- creased from 2-0 of 1 per cent, to .'i. per cent. The animals were crowded on board in a shock- ing manner, and besides beir.g unable to lie down during the voyage, were often bruised and maimed to such an extent, that the value of a bullock in Liverpool often depreciated by £5 owing to his unsoundness. In addition to being jammed together, none of the projections on the sides and ends of the ship were covered, and the poor animals were often thrown against chains, beams, and even against the boilers and burned." (Mr. Carlii.g promised to see to it.) "At the American ports, where cattle are shipped, the Humane Societies have taken this matter up, and, as a result, they are sent on their long sea voyage under very comfortable circumstances. " The Barbarity of Vivisection. "O'er all our cruel acts and plans A silent ongel pitying stands, And all the groans of those distressed She treasure; in her tender breast. " She notes the burden borne by those Who crnnot speak their grieis or woes, The hand upraised in anger wild 'Gainst faithful beast or helpless child. '• And when at last her soft white hand Uaised in compassion or command, The cruel man disdains to hear, Her Sword of Justice he may fear." Dr. Wm. 11. Blackwood, of Philadelphia, in a paper on the subject of vivisection, says: — " Vivisection is essentially and unavoidably cruel in itself. In order to obtain accurate results the animals must be healthy, strong, and in full jiossession of their senses and in- telligence. The administration of anaesthetics of any nature vitiates the outcome of the ex- periment in any instance, and destroys its utility in the majority of cases. To stupefy an animal partially, to wait until that effect has passed off, and then to mutilate it, enables the operator to say that auiusthesia was employed, an''>i'eful head ; In thy dark and histrous eyei Lo, what stirrinsj beauty lies 1 Live the lite awarded Ihec, Under the wiWforest tree ; Hand of mine shall not destroy Life s I full of harmless joy " Effect of Music on Animals. Almost everyone is familiar with instunccBof the power of music over the lower animals. Deer are delighted with the Bound of music. I'layford, in hia "Introduction to Mu8ic,"aay8; -"Myself, aa 1 travelled some yeara ainie, insxr Uoyatou, met a herd of stags, about twenty, upon the road, following a bag-pipe and violin. When the music played they went forward, when it ccaacd they all Htood still; and in tills manner they were brought up out of Yorkshire to ilani|)ton Court." Kven liona and bears come under the charm. .Sir •lohn Hawking, in Ids "History of Music," iiuotes an author who speaks of a lion he had ^cen in London, who would forsake his fo(Ml to listen to a tunc. ISears, too, have, from the earliest times, been taught to dance to the sound of nnisic. Elephants have good ears, and may be trained as mus- ical performers. An experimental concert was given to Hans and .Mar- garet, a pair of ele- lihants in tlie Jar- din des I'lantes, at I'aris. The per- formers were all distinguished art- ists. The effect was unmistakable. .Melodies in a minor key especially touched their elephantine hearts. "Caira" fired them with transport ; "Charmante ( Sabrielle " steeped them in languor. The spell, nevertheless, did not act alike on both. Margaret became pas- sionatel}' alfectionat Hans maintained his usual sobriety of depoi iment. The cheering influence of music is seen in the 46 THE TORONTO HUMAN K SOCIKTV. oue of uameU. DiiriiiK the long and painful niurcliCH thu uoniluctora uf a uuravan uftuu com- fort their cainulH l>y playing on inatiuiuunti. Tiie numiu haH suuh an etruct that, liowuvcr fati>{Ubil tlioy may bu by their li< iivy loaila, th« aniniuiii Htop out with runewctl vigor, Monkvyg liavu a Ituunuar for rliy thm, anil have l)een taught to danco to niusio un tlie tight- rope. Do^s often aot up a whino or a howl wlion they liear music. Una liorsu the writer once poBcvHaed would atop in tho act of eating his corn and listen at- tentively, with pricked and moving ears and Hteady eyes, the instant h<^ heard the low ( i sounded, and would continue to listen as long UH it was sustained ; while another horse hi' knew was similarly affected ))y a particularly iiigh note. Tile recognition of the sound of the l)uglo l)y a trooper, and the excitement occa- sioned in the hunter v.hen the pack givcH tongue, are familiar instances of the power of horses to discriminate between dilfcrent sounils. They never mistake one call for aruther. Tlic oducated horso of the circus owes a great deiil to the influ'^nce of music; he marches, trots, gallops, advances, retires, and oven dances to the lively strains of the orchestra. On sheep and cattle, music, both vocal and instrumental, has a highly beneficial efleut. There is a poetic saying among the Arabs, that the song of the shepherd fattens the sheep moi e than the richest pasture of the plains ; and tlie saying rests, no doubt, on a foundation of fact. Kostcrn shepherds are in 'he habit of singing and piping to quicken the action of tho flocks under their charge. When cows are sulky, milkmaids in the Highlands of Scotland often sing to them to restore tlmm to good humor. In S'.vitzorland a milkmaid or man gets better wages if gifted with a good voice, because it is found that a cow will yield one-fifth more milk if soothed during the milking by a pleasing iiielody. In France the oxen that work in the fields are regularly sung to as an encouragement to exertion, and no peasant has the slightest doubt that the animals listen to him with pleasure. The Trades of Animals. The following observations, which we copy verbatim from an "Old Curiosity Shop," have reference to animals, and exhibit their least apparent knowledge of the sciences ; also their professions, occupations and enjoyments: — The marmot is a civil engineer ; he not only builda houses, but oonatructa aqueducts and drains to keep them dry. The white ants maintain a regular army of soldiers. The KiiNt India ants are horticulturists ; they make inuahrooniH, upon which they food their young. Wasps are piper inaiuifacturers. Caterpillars are silk-spinners. Thu bird plocous toxtor is a weaver ; he weaves a web to make his nest. The primia ia a tailor ; he aewa the leaves to- gether to make his nest. The squirrel is a ferryman ; with a ohip or a piece of bark for a boat, and his tail for a sail, ho crosses a stream. Dogs, wolves, jackals, and many others, are hunters. The black bear and heron are fisher- men. The unts are regular day laborers. The monkey is a rope-dancer. The a.ssociation of ))eavers presents us with a model of republican- ism. The bees live under a monarchy. The Indian antelopes furnish an example of patri- archal government. Elephants exhibit an aristocracy of elders. Wild horses are said to select their leader. Sheep, in a wild state, are under the control of a military chief ram. Beo are geometricians ; their cells arc so constructed as, with least quantity of material, to have the largest sized spaces and the least possil>le loss of interstice. So also is the ant- lion ; his funnel-shaped trap is exactly correct in its conformation as if it had been made by the skilful artist of our species, with the aid of the best instruments. The mole is a meteoro- logist. The bird called tho line-killer is an arithmetician ; so, also, is the crow, the wild- turkey, and some other birds. The torpedo, the ray, and the electric eel, are electricians. INTKRKrtTINO NATURAL HISTORY FACTS. 47 1'he nautilui is a navigator ; liu raUoi ami l( wiirH his Miiila, casts uiul wuii^lis his aiu'lior, and porfuniis utliur iiuuticul uvolutiuiis. Wliulu tril)es of birds are musicians. 'I'lic l>oaver is an arcliitect, Imilder and wood-cutter ; he cuts down trees and erects liouses and dams. How appropriate, in this connection, u-re the following lines by I'ope: — "(lo; frojn the creatures thy instruction talic ■ Learn from tlie birds what food the thicket yieW; Learn from the beasts the physic of the field ; Tiiy arts of building from the bee receive; Learn of tlie mole to plough, the worn, to weave ; LiMvrn of the little Nautilus to sail, Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale. " Whittier, drawing his knowledge and inspira- tion from the old New England farm, thus versi- ties certain of the characteristics of animals, etc.: — " Knowledge never learned at schools Of the wild bee's morning chase. Of the wild flower's time and place, Flight of fowl, and habitude Of the tenants of the wood ; How the tortoise bears his shell ; How the woodchuck digs his cell And the ground-mole makes his well; How the robin feeds her young ; How the oriole's nest is hung ; Where the whitest lilies blow ; Where the freshest berries grow ; Where the wood-nut trails its vine; Where the wood-grape's clusters shine ; Of the black wasp's cunning way, Mason of his walls of clay; And the architectural plana Of grey hornet artisans ! " Longevity of Animals. The average of cats is 15 years ; a squirrel and hare, 7 or 8 years ; rabbits, 7 ; a bear rarely exceeds '20 years ; a dog lives 120 yearn ; a wolf, '20; a fox, 14 to III; lions are long lived — the n. The bird needs not to seek the air that he may be rcinvigoratcd by touching it. The air seeks and flows into him; it incessantly kindles withiu him the burning fires of life. It is this, and not the wing, which is so marvellous. Take the pinions of the condor, and follow its track, when from the BIRDS IN THE SNOW — " OCT IN THE COLD." barometer indicates that a stor-n of son.e khid is near, but the presence of snow biras pres- ages a snow storm always. Each winter the snow birds are particularly zealous i.i giving their timely warning of the snow storms which often follow one another so rapidly, and have thus kept the highways so nicely covered for the convenience and pleasure of man. Who has not often in winter no;;iced the poor little l)irds just after a snow f,torm vainly en- deavoring to look for food ? How forlorn they look, as one in this picture does I And how o!ie longs to give them u, few crumbs ! They, too, on their part, eagerly dart about, seeking l<'r the least sign of anything that looks like food on the roail, or in the yard or stable. summit of the Andes and the Siberian glaciers, :'., swoops down upon the glowing shore of I'oru ; traversing in a moment all the temperatures of the gkbe, breathing at one breath the frightful ir.ass of air —scorching, frozen, it matters not. You would reach the earth, stricken as by thunder. Strength makes joy. The happiest of beings is the bird, because it feels itself strong beyond the limits of its action ; because, cradled, sustained by the breath, it floats, it rises without effort, like a dream. The bound- less strength, the e.xalted faculty, obscure among inferior beings, in the bird is clear and vital, of deriving at will its vigor from the material source, of drinking in life ut full flood is a divine intoxication — Jules Michelet, ^mmmm 50 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. "Behold the fowls of the air: for they aow not, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns; yet vour heavenly Father feedeth them."— St. Matt. vi. 26. "Consider the rcvens: for they neither sow nor reap; which neither have storehouse nor barn ; and God feedeth them."— Se. Luke xii. 24. "And He that doth the ravens feed, Yea, providently caters for the sparrow, Be comfort to my age ! " —As You Like It, II. 3. VIII. THE WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BIRDS. GENERAL NOTE OF EXPLANATION BY THE EDITOR. It will be noted that in this publication the Editor has varied the character of the articles in it, although in each case they are made >io bear on the subject of the chapter itself. The Editor has done so advisedly. The pain- ful nature of some of the articles might, he judged, impose too severe a strain on the feel- ings and sensibilities of the reader. He has, therefore, intermingled with the speciiio arti- cles, which form the subject-matter of the par- ticular chapter in hand, others, both in prose and poetry, of a more pleasant, or even pathetic, character, which might have been more appro- priately inserted in Part III. The Editor's object was thus to relieve any painful strain on the feelings of the reader, which the facts or details given might cause. He also desired to awaken a deeper personal interest in the horse, or dog, or bird, whose treatment was the subject of a chapter. There is no doubt but that by the reading of these in- termediate articles, or extracts, a fuller insight into the kindly nature or lovable characteristics and fidelity of horse, or dog, etc., as the case might be, would be the result. This twofold object will bo the more fully apparent by referring to the preceding chapter, in which will be found a series of interesting extracts on natural history. Her Majesty the Queen, in her adilress in July, 1887, on the anniversary of the Royal Humane Society, of which she has been not only patron, but a generous ond interesteil member for over fifty year?, uttered these memorable words: "No civilization is com- plete which does not iuclude the dumb and de- fenceless of God's creatures within the sphere of charity and mercy." To promote, among other objects, this noble sentiment of our gracious Queen is the main purpose of this publication. ~1" WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BIRDS. 51 Promiscuous Shootings of Birds. The destruction of birds takes various forms. Boys with catapults, and even men with guns, or other means of destruction, go out early in the spring — just when the birds are migrating l)aok to us, to gladden us with their music and song — and, for "sport," shoot and destroy all that they can get near enough to aim at. "Are you not aware," said Rev. Dr. Wild, of Toronto, in his sermtn in January, 1888, "that poople go forth with a gun, and pi-omis- sonie means.' It makes me feci like being a tyrai. and saying to the Toronto and Hamil- ton dudes that come there, ' Stay at home and shoot in your own back yard at a miniature duck or hen, and see how you can aim at it.' Some will kill for mere sport, and leave the poor bird struggling on the ground. There is no sense in such things.'' Boys with Catapults. Boys have many ways of gratifying their cruel propeusity. Amongst others, a little instrument Ai" <■ — -* t'.i^~, if : .:-- — ,'. '-- ^ -S- ■ . euously shoot our songsters and anytliing that almost comes in their way, when they caanot make use of the feather or the flesh or the claws? They shoot them just out of sheer pas- sion, I have seen tliem come on my farm, and when they could not see a bird, they would slioot a goose, a duck, or a hen, and the fore- man would come round to me perhaps the next day, and say, 'I found this or that dead V)y OF SHOOTING SONG BIRDS ! which they make with a small forked stick, a bit of string and a strip of rubVier, called by various names, sucli as "catapult," " rubber gun," "bean slinoter,"etc. "Many boys become quite expert in using them, tlnd, by loading tliem with carefully selected pebbles, or l)uck-8hot, they are r.'./le to do no little damage among the pigeons, sparrows, and other such birds ; and occasionally dogs, cats, and other larger aninuils. The num- ber of birds kilted or injured by tliese lu- st- fs is quite large; and for all the little b . our country, or for any large propor- tion of them, to j^i up with this idea of in- ubi.', and heetles." Audubon also affirms that the cic.v devours myriads of grubs every day of the year — grubs wliich would lay waste the farmer's fields — • and destroys (juadrupeds innumerable, every one of which is an enemy to his poultry and his flocks. Dr. Harris, also, one of the most faith- ful and accurate observers, in speaking of the fearful ravnges wrought in our grasslands and gardens by the grub of the May-beetles, adds Ills testimony to the great services rendered by crows in keeping these pests in check. We have seen large farms, within an hour's ride of Bos- ton, in which, over entire acres, the grass was so completely undermined, and the roots eaten away, that the loosened turf could be rolled up as easily as if it had been cut by the turfiiig- spade. In the same neighborhood whole fields 5 of corn, potatoes, and almost every kind of garden vegetable, had been eaten at the roots and destroyed. — 7'. M. lirtwer. Birds vs. the Weevil and Caterpillar. Mr. Rimmel, in a lecture at Montreal, stated that the larva? of the beetle were injurious to plant life, as they eat all day and night, con- suming twice their own size in a day. The usefulness of the lady-bird was next touched upon in reference to its destruction of plant- lice, and service in the green-house. After giving a brief account of some of t!ie calamities produced by the ravages of caterpillars in the Old World, the lecturer declared that America had sufrered from the ilcstructiveness of insects as much as any country. The winter here was favorable to their life, the weevil and otlier in- sects taking shelter in the earth from birds which were always too few in spring for the multitudes of the former. The damage dont? by the caterpillar on the Island of Montreal was immense ; it formed upon trees a small ring, every one of which contained 300 cater- pillars. He (the speaker) had counted upon one tree 100 rings, which would give 30,000 insects. 58 THK TORONIO HUMANK SUCIiaY. The driving away of birilH had in nnny in- HtancoH, been pruduutive of ruin to tietda and orcliards wliiuh wore then Bwurinod witli in- sects. The robin was a most usieful bird in Knglund, on account of insects it destroyed. A weevil would iloposit 70 to OJ eg^s in a grain of corn, and one weevil would destroy a whole ear, so tliat Ii,:t00 grains of corn might be s kved in one day by one bird. The crow hud been luolied upon as an enemy of grain, liut it was known that iti search was f jr the lurvai of the wircworm and such other pests. The lecturer uextspiilco of the value of tlie fly-catcher, wood- pecker, and otiicr birds, which were enemies to the small green caterpillar that infested the currant bushes. All the trees on the outsiile THE WHITE-BELLIED SWALLOW, OR SWIFT. of his (the lecturer's) orchard had been de- stroyed by caterpillars, which came jver in one nighi. The owl and Canada robin were very useful birds, and should not be exterminated. The wholesale destruction of birds on the Island of Montreal was strongly condemned, as it pre- cluded the hope of ever getting rid of insects. Every morning guns might be heard firing, at the Mountain ; and, although it was said birds were not in all cases killed, yet it was worse to scare them, as the noise drove away others. The Witness also stated that the most wan- ton and disgraceful thing about Montreal is the shooting of singing birds in the Mountain, which is practised almost daily. These birds greatly enhance the beauty of our scenery by their lively, graceful motions and beautiful plumage ; and it is delightful to listen to their singing. They are also exceedingly useful in picking up noxious insects and caterpillars. We should, therefore, as a community, consider it a very groat privilege to have them ; and if we do not protect and cherish them, at all events nothing should be done to drive them away or destroy them. The people of Australia h.ive gone t> a very great ex|ienso to import singing-birds, which they have set fri'o in vari- ous localities to multip'y uud render their woods anent Thoii yellow hoadi toj(et)ior like their aheavea; Mitii have no faith in tine-apun aoiitiinent Wlio put their triiHt in )>ulloukH and in bouvca. The hirda were doomed ; and, aa the record ahowH, A bounty oH'urod for the head of crowa. And HO tlie dreadful maasncre l>egan ; O'er fiolda and orcharda, and o'er woodland orosta, Tlie ceaHelcaa fuailado of terror ran. Dead fell the birda, with hlood-ataina on thuir broasta, Or wounded crept away from sight of man, VViiilo the young died of famine in their neata ; A alaughtor to be told in gruuna, not worda, The very St. Bartholomew of Birda ! The summer came, and all the birda were dead ; The days were like liot eoala ; the very ground \Vaa burned t;) aahea ; in the orcharda fed Myriads of caterpillars, and around The cultivated fields and garden beds Hosts of devouring insects crawled, and found No foe to chuck thair march, till they had made The land a desert without leaf or shade. The farmers grew impatient, but a few Confessed their error, and would not complain, For, after all, the best thing one can do When it is raining, is to let it rain. Then they repealed the law, although tliey knew It would not call the deid to life again ; As school-boya, finding their mistake too late, Draw a wet sponge across the accusing slate. But the next spring a stranger sight was seen, A sight that never yet by bard was sung. As great a wonder as it would have been If some dumb animal had found a tongue ! A waggon, overarched with evergreen. Upon whose boughs were wicker cages hung, All full of singing birds, came down the street. Filling the air with music wild and sweet. From all the country round these birds were brought. By order of the town, with anxious -ican women. In a single season 40,000 terns were killed on Cape Cod for exportation. Recently the swamps of Florida iiave been depopulated of their egrets and herons. A million of r^ils and reed-birds (bobolinks) have been killed in a month near Philadelphia. In four mouths ■70,000 song-birds were supplied from a single Long Island village to N^-w York dealers, for millinery purposes. IJou. Joiin VV. Griggs, President of the New Jersey Senate, states that " complaints come up from all parts of the State of the decrease in tlie number of song and shore-birds. Representation was made to me that certain persons had contracts to furnish birds by the thous.xnds to taxidermists in Phila- delphia and New York, and that they proposed to gather their skins in New Jersey. The President of the Illinois Humane Society, speaking on this subject, says: — " And what a picture of the debasement of human nature appears when we consider the murderous coward, with eyes that see not, ears that hear not, creeping ♦^^hrough the wondering trees, creeping toward the unconscious messen- ger of God, that incarnation of joy, that living, thrilling, happy life, full of the very ecstasy of laing, and, in r. moment, robbini; him of that life and the world of the good, he, in bis way, God's way, was doing. If it be true tiiat even a sparrow may not fe '1 to the ground without the knowledge of its Creator, think, finiling, happy, loving women of our land, think of the procession of slaughtered innocents oi the air that have passed in review before the eye of God — that your bonnets might bo adorned." The Queen and English Ladies against Bird Adornment of Bonnets. It is encouraging to know tha<'. in England two societies for the preservation of birds are doing p noble, work. One is the Selborne So- ciety, which appeals to Englishwomen "to for- swear the present fashion of wearing foreign or English bird skins. Our countrywoir'u are asked to return "-a a mode which is assuredly more becoming to tlie wearer than trophies of robins and sandpipers." Both of these -vocieties are under the most distinguished patronnge, in- cluding titled ladies and such men a Tenuys( n and Browning. Labouchere's Truth»&ys : " I am glad to hear that the Queen contemplates censuring the bar- barous fashion of wearing the bodies of birds, or parts of their bodies, in bonnets and hats and on dresses. Her Majesty strongly disap- proves of this practice, which most assuredly ought to be abolished." American [and C'anae?i<. xxii. 6, 7. The Frightened Birds. "Hush! hush !" said the little brown thrush, To her mate on the nest in the alder-busli ; " Keep still I don't open your bill ! There's a boy coming bird-nesting over the hill. Jjct go your wings out, so That not an egg or the nest shall show. Chee ! chee ! it seems to me I'm as frightened as ever a bird can be." Tiien still, with a quivering bill, They watched the boy out of sight o'er the liill. Ah, then, in tlie branches again, Their glad song rang over vale and glen. Oh ! oh ! if that boy could know How glad they were when they saw him go, Say, say, do you tliink next day He could possibly steal tliose eggs away ? — •1)I0)J. The Rifled Nest. A cruel thing that birds have seen, Ruin where sweet peace had been, Seeing the dear nest, which was Theirs ilone, borne off, alas ! By a laborer; I hoard. For this outrage, the poor bird Says a thousand mournful things To the wind, which, on its wings, From her to the G uardian of the sky, Bore her melancl-.oly cry — Bore her tender tears. She spake As if her fond hcait would break : One while, in a sad, sweet note. Gurgled from her straining throat. She enforced her piteous tale, Mournful prayer, and plaintive wail ; One while, with the shrill dispute Quite outwearied, she was mute; Then afresh, for her dear brood. Her liarmonious siirieks renewed. Now she winged it round and round ; Now she skimmed along the ground ; Now, from bough to bough, in haste. The delighted robber chased, And, alighting in his path. Seemed to say, 'twixt grief and wrath, "Give me back, fierce rustic, rude — Give me back my pretty brood ! " And I saw the rustic still Answered, "That I never will! " — Altered from the Spanish. The beauty of our homes and the pleasure of out door life are largely due to the ministry of our birds of song; yet it is believed by many that all kinds of birds are decreasing in num- bers by wanton destruction of the grown birds and the cruel robbery of nests on various pre- texts. — Illinoi* Hwnaiit Society's Report. The Society hopes that this plea wUl find a ready and hearty raaponse from every readier, and that money wlU flow into the treasury to enable it to carry on its beneficent work. 64 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY H'i' '■; I' THE OVERTURHKD NKST. "Are not two siwrrows snlc linnet, We'll leave them there To their mother's care. There were three of us and three of them ; Kate — that is I — Susan and Jim. Our mother was busy nuiking a pie. And theirs, we think, was up in the sky, 15ut for all Susan, Jimmy, or I can tell. She may have been getting their dinner as well. They were left to themselves (and so were we) In a nest in the hedgo by the willow-tree. And when we caught sight of t' ree red little ilufl-tuftedjhazel-eyed, open -mouthed, pink- throated heads, we all shouted for glee. The way we really did wrong was this: We took them in for mother to kiss. And she told us to put them back ; Wliih' on the weep'ng- willow their mother was crying " Alacl. ! " We really heard lloth what mother told us to do and the voice of the mother-bird. lint w(! three — tliat is, Susan and I and Jim — Tliouglit we new better than either of them ; And in spite of our mother's con\nuvnd anird"s cry. We diterinined to bring up the tiiree little nest- lings ourselves, on the sly. We each took one, It did seem such excellent fun ! Susan fed hers on milk and bread ; Jim got wriggling wornn for his instead. I gave mine meat, for, y^at on the branch of a tree. "I'll have it !" said Nwl, the elder of the two ; and in a moment he had climbed the tree and brought the nest down. He put it on the ground carefully ; and then Mie boys lay at full length on the grass, and looked at the nest together. There were three young birds in it. " Don't be afraid, ymi cunning little chaps!" said Frank. " We have no thought of hurting you, have we, Ned ?" "No, indeed!" said Ned. "We'll be as kind to them as their own mother." TUB BOYS AND THE BIRU's NEST. The bitterest tears that we could weep Wouldn't wake them out of their stiff, cold sleep. But then We — Susan and Jim and I — mean ne-.cr to be so selHsh and wilful and cruel again. And We three have buried that other three In a soft, green, moss-covered, flower-lined grave at the foot of the willow-tree. And all the leaves which its branches shed We think are tears, because they are dead. Birds eat and destroy millions of insects. Every little insect-eating bird killed, and every egg taken from its nest, leaves one bird less to destroy insects destructive to the garden and the farm. Just then Nel heard a chirping above his head. Ho looked up, and saw the two parent.- birds fluttering about in great distress. They flew in circles over his head, and made a grieved aoiie, that seemed to say to liim; "You have rol>bed us of our children, (jive us lick our children." Ned and Frank were kind-hearted boys ; and now they both began to be very thoughtful. Tliey looked at each other a moment ; then Tiank spok\ out: "I tell you what, Ned, I don't know about this business." " Well, / know about it," said Ned. "It's shamef"\l ; that's what it is ! I feel like a sneak." " So do I," said Frank. t-m BIRD-NESTING AND NEST-RIFLING. 67 They "It's like a "What right had I," aaid Ned, "to go and tear down the house of these poor birds ?— and to take away thoir young ones, too ! Why, I'm worse than a burglar." " But wc meant to be kind to the little birds, you know," said Frank. " Yes ; so we did," answered Ned ; " kind to the young ones, and cruel to the old ones — all for our own fun." " Well, Ned, I'm just as bad as you are," said Frank; "but what can we do about it?" " We'll put the neat back, as well as we can," said Ned. So Ned climbed the tree again, and Frank handed the nest up to him very gently. Ned put it back in its place, and the old birds flew hack to it in delight. "They will soon repair damages," said Frank. " Yes," said Ned ; " but ifthoy were to send in a bill to us, it would serve us right." The Bird's Pitiful Bereavement. Thou little bird, of home and mate bereft, And, voiceless, flying round the empty nest. Full niany a morning since the cruel theft I've seen the sorrow of the throbbing breast; Dost thou not suffer? That inquiring eye Seems pitifully to glance askance at mine — Ah, little bird, would'st to this bosom fly, 'T would shelter thee till heart and pulse de- cline; But no, 'twas by one of my race thy anguish came — Thou'lt trust me not — I hide my face in shame. -Mr8. C. M. Fairchild. General Spinner's Plea for the Birds. The venerable, kindhearted General F. E. Spinner, writes from his camp in Florida, to his friends, the boys of America, to spare the birds. "I well recollect," he says, "that I once shot a robin. He flew some distance, and fell in the tall grass. I went and picked liim up and found that I iiad inflicted a fatal wound in his breast. Tiie poor wounded bird looked up into my face so imploriugly that it caused me to shed tears, and now, today, at tlie age of eighty-five years, I am haunted by tlie pitiful, iuiploring look of that poor inno- cent, dying bird, and feelings of deep remorse qome over me whenever I see a robin. I would he willing to make great sacrifices to be made guiltless of the wanton murder of that poor innocent bird." Tlie General makes a special plea for that sweetest of all Amcricau songsters, the ill-named catbird. The Pundita Ramabai writes to Mr. Angell: " There is cruelty enough in my own country, but our gentlewomen do not at present think of beautifying themselves with dead birds. God bless you and your hunianu work. " Y'ours in the best bo:ids of God's love, "Ramabai." The Nightingale's Hidden Nest. List to the nightingale ; she dwells just here. Hush ! let the wood-gale softly close, for fear The noise might drive her from her home of love. Here have I hunted like a very boy To find her nest and see her feed her young. And vainly d'd many hours employ. At length, where rude boys never think to look — Ah, as I live ! her secret nest I foui(cl Upon this white thorn stump. How subtle is the bird ! She started out, And caised a plaintive note of danger nigh. But near her nest she sudden stops, with fear She might betray her home. But thoughtfully We leave it as we found it, all unharmed. We will not plunder music of its dower. Nor turn this spot of happiness to thrall. For melody seems hid in every flower That blossoms near thy home. These blue- bells all Seem bowing with the beautiful in song. How curious is the nest ! No other bird Uses such loose materials, or weaves Its dwelling in such spots ! Dead oaken leaves Are placed without and velvet moss within. Snug lie her curious eggs, in number five. Of darkened green, or rather olive-brown. And the old prickly-thorn-hush guards tiiem well. Si) here we leave them, still unknown to wrong. As the old woodland's legacy of song ! —John Glare. The Boy Disarmed by a Bird's Song. A merry boy one summer day Witliin a garden fair was found ; His heart was full of childish play. While sunshiite beamed on all around ; When o'er his head a bird he spied Alighting on a branching tree, And picking up a stone he cried, " Now swift and sure my aim shall be !" Just then there came a gusli of song So sweet, the boy grew hushed and still ; Ho heanl the notes so clear and strong Wlii'h seemed the summer air to fill. His Ui .1 fell down, his heart was stirred. He felt he could not harm the bird. C8 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. XII. HIAWATHA WITH BIRDS AND ANIMALS. ,_j:f Hiawatha and Na-wa-da-ha the Singer. Should you ask where Na-wa-da-ha Found these songs, so wild and wayward, I should answer, I should tell you, " In the birds' nests in the forest. In the eyrie of the eagle. All the wild-fowl sang them to him, In the moorlands aud the fenlands ; In the melancholy marshes ; Che-to-waik, the plover sang them, Mah-ng, the loon, the wild goose, Wa-wa, Tlie blue heron, the Shuh-shuh-gah, And the grouse, the Mush-ko-da-sa. Sha-won-da-se and the Wood Birds. Sha-won-da-se, listless, careless. Hud his dwelling far to southward In the drowsy, dreamy sunshine. He it was who sent tlie wood-birds. Sent the robin, the 0-pe-chee, Sent the blue bird, the O-wais-sa, Sent the Shaw-shaw, sent the swallow, Sent the wild-goose, Wa-wa, northward. Brought tlie tender Indian summer. To the melancholy northland In the dreary moon of snow-shoes. Youthful Hiawatha in the Woodland. Soon the little Hiawatha Learned of every bird its language. Learned their names and all their secrets. How they built their nests in summer, Where they hid themselves in winter, Talk with them whene'er he met them, Called them "Hiawatha's chiL'kens." HIAWATHA WITH BIRDS AND ANIMALS. CQ Of all beasts ho learned their languajio, Learned their names and all their secrets, How the beavers built their lodges, Where the squirrels hid their acorns, How the reindeer ran so swiftly. Why the rabbit was so timid, Talked with them whene'er he mot tlieni. Called them "Hiawatha's brothers." " Don't Shoot Us, Hiawatha." All alone walked Hiawatlia Proudly, with his bow tmd airows ; And the birds sang round him, o'er him, " Do not shoot us, Hiawatha ! " Sang the robin, the 0-pe-chee, Sang the blue-bird, the O-wais-sa ; " Do not shoot us, Hiawatha ! " The Fasting of Hiawatha. You shall hear how Hiawatha Prayed and fasted in the forest, . . . Saw the deer start from the thicket, Saw the rabbit in her burrow, Heard the pheasant, Bena drumming. Heard the squirrel, Ad-jidau-mo, Rattling in his hoard of acorns, Saw the pigeon, the Ome-me, Building nests among the pine-trees, And in flocks the wild-goose, Wa-wa, Flying to the fenlands, northward. Whirring, wailing far above him. Stronger still grew Hiawatha, Till the darkness fell around him. And the heron, the Shuh-shuh-gah, Up the oak-tree, close beside him. Sprang the squirrel, Ad-jidau-mo, In and out among the braiiches. Coughed and chattered from the oak-tree. Laughed, and said between his laughter, " Do not shoot me, Hiawatha ! " And the rabbit from his pathway Leaped aside, and on his haunches. Half in fear and half in frolic, Saying to the little hunter, " Do not shoot nie, Hiawatha ! " But he heeded not, nor heard them. For his thoughts wore with the red deer . . . Hidden in the alder bushes. There he waited till the deer came. . . . Then, upon one knee uprising, Hiawatha aimed an arrow, . . . But the wary roe-buck started. Listened with one foot up-lifted. Leaped, as if to meet the arrow, . . . Dead it laid him at the lake-side ! From her nest among the pine-trees Gave a cry of lamentation, (tave a scream of pain and famine. " 'Tis enough !" said Mon-da-min, I will come again to try you. . . . Then he smiled, and said, "To-morrow You will conquer and o'ercome me ; . . Make a bed for me to lie in. Let no hand disturb my slumber. Let not Kah-gah-gee, the raven, (/ome to haunt me and molest me. " , . . Peacefully slept Hiawatha, But he Iieard tiie Wa-won-ais-sa, Heard the whip-poor-will complain. Perched upon his lonely wigwam. , . . And the heron, the Shuh-shuh-gah, Crying from the desolate marshes. Tells us that the day is ended. . . . The Singing of Chi-bi-a-bos. Most beloved by Hiawatha, Was the gentle Chi-bi-a-bos, THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. He the best of all musicians, He tlie HWuctest of all singers. . . , VVlieri lie snng the villajjo listened ; From the lioUow reeds he fashioned Flutes so musical and mellow. . . . That the wood birds ceased from sinking, And the squirrel, Ad-jidau-mo, Ceased his cliatter in the oak-tree, And the rabbit, the Wa-bas-so, Sat upright to look and listen. Yes, the blue-bird, the 0-wais-sa, Envious, said, "0 Chi-bi-a-bos, Teach me tones as wild and wayward, Teach me songs as f'^l! of frenzy I " Yes, the robin, the 0-pe-chee, Joyous, said, "O (Jhi-bi-a-bos, Teach mo tones as sweet and tender, Teach me songs as full of gladness." And the whip-poor-will, Wa won-ais-sa, * Sobbing, said, "O Chi-bi-abos, Teach me tones as melancholy, Teach me songs as full of sadness ! " , , . For he sang of peace and freedom, Sang of beauty, love and longing ; Sang of death and life undying In the islaads cf the Blessed, In the kingdom of I'o-ne-mah, In the land ot the Hereafter ! — Lonofellow, XIII. DOGS AND THEIR TREATMENT. Cuvier on Dogs. "The domestic dog," says Cuvier, "is the most complete, the most singular, and the most useful conquest that man has gained in the animal world. The whol« species has become our property ; each individual belongs entirely to his master, acquires his disposition, knows and defends his property, and remains attached to him until death ; and all this, not through constraint or necessity, but purely by the influ- ences of gratitude and real attachment. The swiftness, the strength, the sharp scent of the dog have rendered him a powerful ally to man against the lower tribes ; and were, perhaps, necessary for the establishment of the dominion of mankind over the whole animal creation. The dog is the only animal which has followed man over the whole earth." When Old Jack Died. When Old Jack died we stayed from school, (they said At home : we needn't go that day), and none Of us ate any breakfast — only one. And that was papa, and his eyes were red When he came round where we were, by the shed Where Jack was lying, half way in the sun And half in the shade. When we begun To cry out loud pa turned and dropped his head And went away j and mamma she went back Into the kitchen. Then for a long while All to ourselves like, wo stood there and cried — We thought so many good things of Old Jack, And funny things— although we didn't smile — We couldn't only cry when Old Jack died 1 DOGS AND THKIR TREATMKNT. 71 When Old Jack died it aeemed a hnman friend Had suddenly gone from ug; that some face, That we had loved to fondle and euihrace From babyhood, no more would confleacend To smile on us forever. We niigiit bend With tearful eyes above him, interlace Our chubby fingers o'er him, romp and race, Plead with him, call and coax — aye, we might send The old huUoo up for him, whistle, hist, (If sobs had let us) or, as wildly vain. Snapped tliumbs, called "Speak," and he had not replied ; We might have gone down on our knees and kissed The tousled ears, and yet they must remain Deaf, motionless, we knew — when Old Jack died! When Old Jack died, it seemed to us, some way, That all the other dogs in town were pained With our bereavement, and some that were chained Kven unslipped their collars on that day To visit Jack in state, as though to pay A last, sad tribute there, while neighbors craned Their heads above the high board fence, and deigned To sigh, " Poor dog : " remembering how they Had cuflTed him when alive, perchance, be- cause For love of them he leaped to lick their hands — Now, that he could not, were they satisfied ? We children thought that, as we crossed his paws And o'er his grave, 'way down the bottom- lands, Wrote " Our First Love Lies Here," when Old Jack died ! — James Whitcomh Riley. to Animals, to offer prizes of twenty-five dollars each for evidence by which the Society shall be able to convict parties who violate the laws of Massachusetts by dog fighting. — Oeo. T.Angell, Premlcnt. To Boatswain, a Newfoundland Dog. (TRinCTE AM) EPITAPH, BY LOKD BYRON.) When . . . man returns to earth. The sculptor's art exhausts the pomp of woe. The storied urns record who rest below. Hut the poor dog, in life the firmest friend, The first to welcome, foremost to defend, Whose honest heart is still his master's own, Who labors, fighting lives, breathes for him alone, Unhonored falls, unnoticed all his worth. . . Near this spot Are deposited tlie remains of one Who possessed Beauty without Vanity, Strength without Insolence, Courage without Ferocity, And all the Virtues of man without his Vices. This Praise, which would be unmeaning Flattery If inscribed over human ashes. Is but a just tribute to the Memory of Boatswain, a Doo That died at Newstead Abbey, Nov. lo, 1808. In writing about the death of this dog, Lord Byron said : — " Boatswain is dead ! He expired on the 18th, after sufTering much, yet retaining all the gentleness of his nature to the last . . . I have now lost everything. . . . " By the will, executed in 1811, he directed that his own body should be buried in a vault in the garden, near his faithful dog. Dog-Fighting an Inhuman Practice. "A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast: but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel." — Prov. xii. 10. The fighting of dogs, and the baiting of rats with terriers, and other brutal exhibitions of the kind, are only too common. The natural instincts of the animals are thus made to pander to the vicious tendencies of men, and by such means the animals are cruelly tortured, while the spectators are deeply degraded and hard- ened. I am authorized by the directors of the Mas- sachusetiB Society for the Prevention of Cruelty The Dog Loves Kindness. The dog can receive yet more. He craves food ; but he also craves affection. A life higher than his own is needed for his happi- ness. He looketh at the hand of his master as the inferior looketh at the superior when itself is great enough to discover greatness. The dog finds deity in his master. From him he takes law and love both. From him he receives joy so intense that even his master marvels at it, and wonders that so slight a motion of his hand, 80 brief an utterance from his lips, can make any being bo happy. It ia because the dog can 72 THK TORONTO HUMANE SOCIKTY. receive ao much, that thought ranks him ao high. An)) friend, low lying there, A vasHal at my feot : (ilad partner of my homo and fare ; My shadow in the utrcet. I lor)k into thy two bright eyes, Tiiat fondly ga/e on mine, And wonder wiicre tlio dilTcronce lies iSutwixt thy tlioughts and mine. I Heareh the wide world througli and through For human lieart as true ; I searcli for love that will not change, And find that love in you. (^ould I, poor Fido, worship fJod, E'en as you worship me. Or follow wliere my Master trod With your sincerity ; Could I sit fondly at His feet As you, poor dog, at mine, And serve Him with a love as sweet. My life would grow divine ! —Bella Collie. Toronto, April, 1888. Proper Treatment of Dogs. It ia very cruel to keep dogs in the house iill the time. They want to run and play just as much as boys do, and if kept in the house all the time will soon become sick. They should always have a comfortable place cold niglit.s, and plenty of good water as often as they want it, and they should not be fed so often as to make them fat and unhealtliy. Some dogs that have been badly treated be- come cross and dangerous. Some nun and boys treat them cruelly ; but when they liave been treated kindly they soon show how much they feel it. There is no animal that suffers more when spoken to unkindly, or that is more liappy whin spoken kindly to. The active dog requires drink fro(|ucntly during the hot day, as does also the cat ; and a dish of fresli water should stand where they can have access to it. Undoubtedly many a dog is driven to madness through lack of water ; and tlie testimony is that hydrophobia is almost unknown in those localities where dogs can drink when they wish. Provide water — fresh, pure water. Think, reader, how you are refreshed by a drink o( cool water on a hot day. The lower animals are equally in need of the means of quenching thirat. Every city, village and country tow»i should be liberally Hiippllo I with drinking .''nunta ii-t for animals, and they should be so constructed that even the smallest dogs can drink from them. Mux/.ling dogs in hot weather is a form oi extreme cruelty, preventing their free n^spira- tion, perspiration, and drinking, wiiich are essential to their good health. The mu/,/.les tend nnich rather to increase the danger of hydrophobia than to diminish it. I do not believe there has been any instance of a man committing suicide when he has had u dog to love him. "There can be no doubt," writes Mr. Dar- win, "that dogs feel shame as distinct from fear, and something \iiry like modesty when begging too often for food. A great dog scorns the snarling of a little dog, and this may be called magnanimity." Dogs and other pet animals are often sub- jected to prolonged torture when sentence of death has been pronounced by their owner.^. The common practice of making an inexperi- enced boy the executioner causes torture to the once-loved pet, and has a pernicious ellcct upon the sensibility of the boy. When it is necessary to kill suuii animals be- cause of old age and sickiiesH, then they should always be killcfaiile till) men loyfil iil»)iit tlui yiirtl, triud tu win hia alluotioiiB ; hut liu refuHUurie(] in a flower- bed near hy. 'i'liu niasterV grave in immarlted by any Mtone, hut an expensive nutrlile fountain wan erected to the inenioryof hi» lioinelehx dog, and the Heulptor was paid twenty-five huudrod dollars for the model of the bron/e statue of liolihy which hHh on top of it. It in hanl to lielieve that all that wonderful capacity for loving faithfulneiis ceased to exist when the breath stopped. — Hcn. />'. Af. Todd, ManasHUH, Vg you meet, and from the moment he adopts you for his master, you will find in liim all these (pialities. Ho will love you without calculation. His greatest happiness will be to be near you ; and should you be reduccil to beg your bread, not only will he aid you, but lie will not aliandon you to follow a Uinj; to his palace Your friends may quit you in misfortune, but your dog will remain ; he will die at your feet ; or, if you de- part before him on the great voyage, will accompany you to your last abode." .No Cutting or Clipping of Dogs. Never cut a dog's ears or tail. Clipped oars are often the cause of deafness and abscess, by allowing the sand and dirt to enter, which is distressing to the auit ml. Depend upon it, the Creator never intended we should take away what He iirovided for their relief and comfort. It is cruel to tie a dog under a waggon. \i the animal is tired, he must run until he becomes exhausted. Take your poor dog in the waggon, especially in hot weather. A Peculiar Characteristic of Dogs. Goldsmith, in his touching and elo(juent plea for the dog, in alluding to a sort of mania for dog-killing, which prevailed at the time of which he speaks, in consequence of an unreasonable apprehension of hydrophobia, says, among other line things, that the dog is the only animal which will leave his own kind voluntarily to follow man. It is true, and the truth should bind man to be the dog's protector and friend. — liiilinh Witrkiniin. The Dog and His Disgraced Master. 'I'he following anecdote illustrates in a touch- ing manner (iohlsmith's remarks a« to the dog'u attuehinent to man ; — "One day 1 saw a policeman leading forcibly along a young mun who liiid been drinking. His face was purple, sunn.' blood added a >et deeper stain to one ciieek, while his clothing, disarranged and ilusty, served to heighten his g took no hcud of tlicni. lie ran piiticntly on, not Rueining to mind wiiat people Haid ahout liini. Hut I wondered to hoc him run so ohstinutuly in tliti luiddlit of the road, w lien thi^ro was room in plenty for nim on the puvcinunt, whuro he would not have exposed hiniHclf to be run over by the cubs and wliipped by the carters. H it ho ran straiglit iicforc him, just exactly hh if ho knew his way. I felt curious about the dog, and therefore I followed him. It was a dull, wet day in winter; tlio rain had been falling. Wiien opposite a public houso the dog stood still; but all at once he rose up on his hind legs and connnoncod walking round in circles. A few peojile, attracted liy the scene, came, and wo soon formed a ring. The dog walked live times round on his hind legs, looking tixcdly before him like a soldier on duty, and doing his best, poor brute! There was something inexpressibly sad in the serious expression of this lonely dog, performing by h i inself a few tricks that some absent master had taught him, and doing so of his own accord, with some secret end in view that he himself only could know of. After taking a moment's rest he set to work again, but this time on his fore feet, pretending to stand on his head. And what a poor, intelligent head it was. as, almost shaving tho ground, it looked appealingly at us all ! When he had walked round in this way until he was weary, he lay down in tho midst of the ring and made believe to be dead. He went through all the convulsions of a dying dog, breathing heavily, panting, sull'ering his lower jaw to fall, and then turning ovtu' motion- less. And ho did this so well that a stout, honest-faced woman, who had been looking on, exclaimed, "Poor beast!" ami drew her hand across her eyes. When he had thus lain apparently dead for a minute or two ho got up and shook himself, to show us all that the performance was ended. He then stood up on his hind legs again, and walked to each of us separately, begging. I was the first to whom he came. He gazed at mo inquiringly with his soft eyes wide open, and followed my hand patiently to my waist coat pocket. The basket round his neck hail a lid to it tied down with string, and a little slit in the lid through which to put in money. Others also gave him something. When hn had gone his riiunil he barked two or three times to say good-bye, and then pattered contentedly away at tho same jog-trot pace at which he had come. lie went U[> tho street, and I followed him; but when wo had reached Oxford street lie (piii'keued suddenly and began to nm hard, so I culled a oab and said, " Follow that dog," very nnu^h to tho driver's amaxement. At length the dog turneil ilown an alloy which tho cab could not ont'-r, so I got ' Kit (Ipstrov that licantcoiis Inittorfly, "arrayed li. (i.ins'ii, azure, enu'ralil, ami );o1il ; With moru iiias,'iiinri,iice iii>on its win^; — Ilia little wiiij,'— tliiiii "ver {.'raced tlic rolio (;ort;eou8ot r>iyaity." These lieautcoiis tliiiijfs " Wander ''iiiil the flowers that gem tlie meado- Uneonseioiis !.tter. "Oh, sir," said ha, "a great ugly toad;" and down went another stone. " And pray," said I, " "vhy do you kill that poor creature ? has it done you any harm '! " "Why," sainii," I replied, " your leaving tlie poor crippled animal to die a liii,'criiig deatli would now be more cruel than killing it outright; doi.'t you see that you have so covcrod it with stones that it is impossible for it to get away, and it may have to sulTer for many days? the most merciful thing now is to put itout of its misery ; but let me entreat you never again to put to deatli or torment any of (iod's creatures, which in His wisdom He has made, unless you have good and sullicient reasons for doing ho." -Anon, Children Killing Butterflies. Stopping at the seashore a fjw days since, we saw a number of interesting little children gathering butterlliea, gra.sshoppers, and other varieties of insects, and fastening thcin with pins to the side of the hotel, where tlie poor creatures were writhing and str'iggling to es- cape. It was not the fault of the children. Tiiey were very young and knew no better. They ilid not once dream of the agony endured by these insects, and on being told of it, all as- sented to their being at once killed, and cheer- fully stopped further pursuit of them. — (ko. T. Aiuj,U. Protection of Toads in Ontario. It is gratifying to know that a bill was intro- duced into the Ontario Legislature by Mv. John Leys, M.P. P., at the session of 1888,provitliiig, among other things, for the protection of toads. It failed, however, to become law. It stated that ; — " It shall not be lawful to destroy in any way any native toad Vnifo leiiliijiiosus) or to want(mly or unnecessarily injure or destroy the spawn. or larvce thereof in streams or ponds of water.'' It is related of the great Duke of Wellington, that m'>ny years ago, he found a little boy cry- ing bet ause he had to go away from home to school ill another town, and there would be no one to feed the toad which he was in the habit of feeding every morning, and the noble-hearted Duke, sympathizing with his young friend, promised that he would see that the toad was fed every morning. This he did, and letter after letter came to this little l)ov from the h'ield M irshil, the Duke of Wellington, telling him tliat the toad was alive and well. All cliildren should know that toads are not only entirely harmless, but are among our best friends. They live on, and destroy thousands of ants, spiders, and the many bugs that injure our gardens. The Honest Old Toad. Oh, a queer little chap is the honest old toad, A funny old follow is he; Living under the stone by the side of the road, 'Neath the shade of t 'o old w' ow-tree. lie is dressed all in brown from his toe to his crown, Save his vest that is silvery hite 78 THK TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. He takes u long nap in the heat of the «' y, And walks in the cool, dewy niglit. " Uaup, yaup," says the frog, F'roin his home in tlie bog, But the toad lie says never a word ; He tries to be good, like the children who should lie seen, but never be heard. When winter draws near, Mr. Toad goes to bed. And sleeps just as sound as a top. Hut when May blossoms follow soft April showers, He comes out with a skip, jump, and hop ; lie changes his dress only once, I confess, — Every spring ; and his old worn-out coat. With trousers and waistcoat, he tolls in a ball. And stuHs the wiude thing down his throat. ITc " K-rruk, krruk," says tlio frog, From his home in the boy , But the toad ho says never & word ; tries to bp good, like the children wlx should Be seen, but never be heard. Humane Things to be Remembered. 1. Never to stick pins into butterflies and otlier insects, unless you would like to have somebody stick pins into you. 2. Never to throw stones at those haniiless creatures, the frogs, unless yon would like to have stones thrown at you in tl'c .same way. ;$. That earth worms are harmless and very useful, and that when you use them .n fishing they ought to be killed instantly, l)eforc you start, by plunging them i.i a dish of boiling water. 4. That it is very cruel to keep fish in glass globes slowly dying. 0. Never keep 1 i-ds in cages, unless you are prepared to carefully tond and feed them. 6. Never to carry poultry with their heads hanging down. Let our readers reflect, that we have no right to injure or take the life of any of God's crea- tures, unless for necc sary food, or for our own preservation irom injury ; it is an aft of brutal wickedness to torture even an insect. "In wisdom hath He made them all," and prcnouuccd them good. — Chililnn'n Friiiid. Value of Toads in Gardens. Toads sulVor greatly, chiefly at the hands of b.iyi ,iud of others, who do not know, or who do not think, of the value of toads in g:M(l(ins, etc. So useful are toads in gardens that they are sold in France by the dozen for the purpove of s^ocU ■ ing gardens to ti. them from many injurious insects. The toad lives almost entirely on insects, and never iloos harm to plants. The toad trade for garden jjur- poses is a most singular branch of tnvtlic. On some of tlu ii;arket gardens near London as r.iany as five crops are raised in one year, Under such a system of culture slugs and other insects are very formidable foes, and to destroy tliiui toa('l8 have been found so useful us to i)e purchased at higli prices. As much as a dollar and a half a dozen is given for full-grown lively toads, which are generally imported from France, where they have also been in use for a long time in an insectivorous way. Who can say but that ShakospLai-e, who knew everything, guessed everything, and foresaw everything, thought of this latent value wiien he said tliat the toad, though " Ugly and venomous, Wears yet a precious jewel in his head. " There is no man, or tliiid, or woman, rich or poor, that may not be made happier by the love of tlie lower creatures. H, then, you would add to tl'.i; happiness of children through life, tcacli them to say kind words and do kind acts to these lower creature's. -Selected. MISCELLANEOUS CASES OP CRUELTY. 79 ih of boiling ) tish in |L;la3» nlesB you are \ them. I their heads liavi! no iii;lit E God'a crea- - for our own act of brutal :ut. fiem all," and 'x Fihnd. dens. the hands of mow, (ir who value of touds Is in gardens in France by pose of stoclt- . them from ;t8. The toad y on insects, 1 to plants. r garden ])ur- ilar branch ni f tht (uarket n as i-.iany as in one year. iin of culture lets are very to destroy ecn found so ased at high loUar and a lively toads, roni France, ie for a long rVho can say everything, everything, le said that iiis head." Jinan, rich or by the love you would through life, do kind acts Gander Pulling "Down South." In an original and weird story by Miss Mur- free (" C. E. Craddock ")— " The Prophet of the Groat Smoky .N'ountain "—she devotes a large portion of Chapter V. to a description of a most barbarous "sport," known in various parts of the South as "Gander I'ulling." A recent Florida paper thus describes it: — 'A gander, with a sack drawn ')ver its body, but with its liead, neck and wings free, is hung up on a high pole, head downwards. A horse- nuiu, riding quickly under it, reaches up and catches the gander by the neck (which is greased), and tries to pull off his head !" Miss Murfree's story ends with the impas- sioned remonstrance of " the prophet I'a'son," and his rescue of the terrified gander:— "The pains o' the bcastis He hev made teches the Lord in iieaveu ; fur He niiirks tlie sparrow's fall, an' ndnds Himself o' tiie pitilul o' yeartli. The spark o' life in this fow-el air kindled ez fraish ez yonrn; for hevin' no soul ter save, this gaynder hain't yearniil tlie torments o' hell, an' I'm a goin' tj:r b|ke tins critter down." " "Tain't yer gaymlcr !" they cried. "lie air mi/ gaynder," sliriokod out a cliihl- ish voice. " Mam gin mo tlie las aig, when the gray goose laid her ladder out, and it wor soi under the ol' Uominicky ben, as k(;m olf'n licr nest through settin' three weeks, like a ben will do. (Jh, take liim dow n ! take him down ! " Kelsey reached up and took the gander down, and the child clutched it hurriedly and ran fleetly off. So the gander was saved ! Incipient Forms of Cruelty in Children. Henry Bergb, in an article on "Dangerous Education," writes as follows : — "'Why are you crying, darling?' once in- quired a mother of her little daughter, wlio was trying to catcli -t, tly upon a window- frame. ' Because, luannna, Freddy won't let me kill it.' ' Why, my son,' said the mother, 'do you tiius annoy your little sister?' ' Me- eauso, mamma, 1 want to kill it myself,' re- plied the young student. Did tl>e t'longlitless and unfeeling mother rebuke that useless ami delilierate nwiidir of a harmless tiiou','li iiisig- niticanl crcuUue? No; she .iimpl\ reproved tiie interference of one of those- infant execu- tioners with the assumed priviiej^e of the other? " The fatl- ■ or the mother who fails to rebuke the smallest act of cuolty to a living creature, be it ever so humble, piepares the (irst step in the progrciss of the child toward their own persecution, may be ; and the encouraged tor- mentor of a little ily may become tiie scourge whiidi l)reaksthe hearts of the heedless parents. Various are tiie imjdemcnt.i wliich serve to form the character of the little being's mind, awaiting as it were the impression to be stamped upon it. " The mutilation of spiders, bugs and worms ; the teasing of cats, dogs and goats ; the de- struction of birds' nests; throwing of stones ; handling the bow and arrow, and firing of pistols and guns, are tlie moral primers of these embryo students. A. parent may regard an insect or a bird as of no ctmsccpieiice, so long as the child is amused ; and such an one rarely if ever seriously interrogates liimself as to tiie result of such criminal indulgences, or sulfers himself to lielieve that the ol)ject of it is being scliooled to become a tyrant and a despot among men, until later oa, when these cruel teachings shall have crystalli;'ed into heartlessness and barbarity. "To permit a cliihl to do wrong for fear of giving him a momentary pang, is a dangerous fondness. Plutarch records tliis comprehen- sive law of the .Athenians, ' Honor your parents; worsiiip the gods ; hurt not animals.' " It is said that children are naturally cruel ; but this is an exaggeration, althougii it may be admitted that they are instinctively heedless, turbulent, and curious It is, doubtlebs, very self-couboling to parents who have ignored their duty of inculcating gentle and benevo- lent practices in their otl'spring, when, in after- life they shall have ' their gray hairs brought with sorrow to the grave,' to declare that such a cliild was born with the attributes of the evil one, when all the while the parent was its tirst and ablest preceptor. The minds and character of the young are susceptible of being moulded, like the potter's clay, into any moral form desired. An aiu:ient superstition once existed, tiiat heroes could be made by feeding men on wolves' hearts ; but courage, like vir- tue, is tiie product of moral training. It is easy to make a brave man or a coward, by beginning early enough." Mrs. ochallter, of New Orleans, truly says; — " So soon as a child is old enough to be cruel, it is old enough to learn of mercy. The little one who laughs at tlie dying agonies of tlie butterfly it crushes iii its chubl>y hands is old enough to be taught the sin of inflicting un- necessary pai:i." " A Lover of Hoys," on " P'orms of Cruelty," in the Toronto O/ohi' of May 29tli, 1888, says ;— " I have known mothers who leo their boys shoot little birds for fun, and do many other cru'^1 acts, and never reprove them. I am told tliat at S d the school cliildren gather after school and go iuintinL£ for birds' nests .And at W VV school I was tohl the boys threw a red ■'(,•. lirrcl int > the i>ond, an/i when it W(mhl swim • sliore wuuld throw it liack till it sank. .•Vnd tlie same iioys cuit open a catli»ii while alive and tl.rew it into the water, ana laughed to se^, it swimming with its bowels lianging out, and many other cruel things for which t.hey were never reproved. Why? Because their motliers were deficient in sinsibility. I have known fathers goad their children to malness, anu then cruelly wliip their. Who was to blame but the parents who never taught them to feel for t!ie suli'cring of others? Can not nearly all the crimes committed be traced to the same cause?" ■;5:;- ■ .•t».,v',Si. 80 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY, lUV. IMiMl.LKS.^ AND 11(iIT.S1;L1;sS WANDKKKll^ lU LAUCK tllTlliS. i. 4- •' It Hi! Kiio.v, when walkiiijj tlioiifflitkss, in llip noiay, crowilt-.l wav, Tliit soino pewl of woiHrois whitenpss olnsa beiidj our pathway iay ; ",V..' woulil puiis". wl.i'ic riDW wi! Iiaiitcii ; wo AOiild oftuii Icok aroiiiid, l.cst ouf i':n'i'li;ss fi.t ^!i lulii 'rMiipii; some rare jiwel ic tlic pronnd ! " ' \Vliai, tlinn li ist. li'Hip lo ni).' of Iiliiie, T!iOii-li 1 t,;ip least 1 -fill I i', hi\ I w.li n '.s.irn ii line for )\ii>\ : l-'or Uioii li;wt I'lcino it undi M- imn. PAET II. CARE OF THE WAIFS AND STRAYS OF OUR CITIES. Destitute Waif-Life in London. Tlie terrible truth of homeless destitution anil exposure, portrayed in the realistic pic- ture on the preceding page, receives abundant conhrniatiou from a graphic account whinh Dr. Barnardo (who is well known in Toronto and elsewhere) gives of his first sad experience of destitute waif-life in London. It is taken from the Toronto News of the '28th of January, 1888, and is con- densed as follows : — " I don't live nowheres!" "Now, my boy, don't try to deceive me. Where do you come from? Where did you sleep last night?" It was in a building in Step- ney, formerly used as a stable for donkeys, but which Dr. I'homas J. Harnardo — then a young meilical student at the i.,oi)('.on Hospital — had traiis- f(. lined into a "ragged school" for the very ]>oorest of tlie street urchins of East Ijondon, that the conversation, from which the above words are talicn, took place 'J'his stable was the cradle of one of the greatest of modern philanthropical institutions — "Tlie Kast End Juvenile Mis- sion," better known in Anicr- iia and England as " Dr. l>;u- iiardo's Homes for Destitute ('iiildreu." Here it was, on one ever-memorable evening many, muny years ago, after the general body of Ins yoLMig scholars had gone home, that Dr. Harnardo noticed, sitting on a bencii, a half- starvtd and nearly naked boy, who liad listened (juietly throughout tlie evening. The latter .showed no disjiosition to retire, .so l)r. Har- nardo said to him, " Come, boy, you had bettei leave at once, or your mother will be making iii(|niries for you." " Please, sir, "slowlydrawU'ii the lad; "plea.se, sir, let nie stop." ".Stop? What for? Indeed T cannot. It's time for you to go home. W!-at do you waut to .stop for?" "Please, sir, do let me stop I won't do no 'arm." "I can't let ycm stop. You must go home at once. Your mother will know the other boys have gone, and will wonder where you are." "I ain't got no mother!" "But your father, then, will be uneasy. Where is he?" "I ain't got no father!" "Nonsense, boy; don't tell me such stories! Y'on say you haven't got a father or mother? Where are your friends, tiien? Whore do you live ?" " I ain't got no friends, an fourteen. Of this scene Dr. liarnardo lias said: " It was a liitterly cold and dry niglit, and as the li^'ht of the moon fell upon the upturned faces of those poor hoys, I, standing; there, realized, for that one awful moment, the tcrrihie fact that tiiey were all alisolutely liomeless and destitute, and were, i)erha[is, hut srmples of nunihers of otiiers It seemed as thuugli tlio hand of (Jod Himself liad suddenly (uillcd aside the curtain which concealed from my view tiie untold mis- eries of forlorn child-life upon the streets of L(mdou !" ".Shall we go to another li'y, sir? There's a heap more," said .lim. Hut Dr. Harnardo had seen enough. He needed no fresi> proof of the truth of the hoy's stoiy, noi' any new incentive to a life of active ertbrt in behalf of ilestitute street lads. In a few diiys he iuid establislied a " home " — which has since become famous as the forerumier of many siniilar iuhtitutions in London and else- where— for destitute cinhlren at Stepney C'ause- way. If the reader will substitute a policeman for homeless Jim, and the light of the lantern for that of the moon, in the preceding sketch, he will then realize how true and " to the life " is the picture on page 80. Cry of the Helpless Children. V^eil tliou thy face, O nation, powerful, proud. Though marts bo Idled and church spires piiiie the skies, If infiint woes auil wi'or.gs can cry ahiud. And to (lod's laws appeals from mine can rise. Boast not thyself of wealth, as wise, )r free. While ignoranee bliLulsor hunger goaits to sin; And while the ih 'iiig flotsam of life's sea Goes down to wreck in tempests dark and din. In vail' shall science tell her wondrous story, In vain shall industry her guerdon claim, Vainly shall valor win and wear her glory. While on the land there lies this taint of shame. In vain are all the bolts of knowledge riven While youth uidieeded smites a fast-closed door; In vain sliall prayeis and praises rise to heaven While trampled lies God's chiefest gift— His poor. Their name is legion, and tiie demons tear them Of unassuaged want, untamed desire ; Whoso is the part to feed, to heal, to cheer them ? At whose right hand shall Ood their blood require ? Rise in thy might, young and Christian na- tion ! Blot from thy shield this old and scorching stain ; Own thou these darkened souls as God's crea- tion , His sacred trust, to be redeemed cgain. They lift their voice, they cry to thee, their mother, From reeking tenement and flinty street ; Who else shall lead, and guide, and teach ? What other Make straight the path before their bleeding feet? Stretch forth thy hand to succor and to save them • When, aursed in sorrow reared in sin and pain, The cruel mercies of mankind would give them Forgotten graves to eloae a life of stain. Give li,.;ht for stripes, give aid for scorn, give healing For hands that thrust thorn forward to their doom ; Give love for strict, strained justice, so revealing A Father, not a Judge, beyond the tomb. Hark to the voice within thy bosom pleading For those, forsaken, who \et bear thy name; Kemember tiiat at thy repulse or leading They shall debase or lift on high thy fame. In thy fc^on's life or death thou liv'st or diest — See that, when questioned of thy duty done, Thine eyes shall meet thy ( iod's as thou repUest : " Of them thou gavest me h»vc I lost none." —Ann't! lioihweli, KiNc.BTON, ONT.. March 14, 188S. CAUK OK THK WAIFS AND STRAYS OF OUR CITIKS. 83 Archdeacon Farrar oa London Waif-Life. AichiU'.aeon Fairar, in a m'rmoii pruacliud l>y him in Wostmiiuster Alibey in May, 1888, tlius refers to tl»e increuHe of waif-life in Lonilou: — " liOndon has 7, 100 streets, extending to 200 miles. Its area is .swept hy a radius of tifti^eii miles. It haH 4,.")00,00() of souls in its crowded spaeo. The coninioii lodu'iiiL,' liou.ies have 'JT.OOO nii-sery of a chronic indigence and the sensuality of a goiUess despair! . . . "It is the L;iii sliops and the 8tre(!ts which, throngii our fault and our callous indillerenco and worldliness, liave made tlieni what tlu^y are, and iiave wrecked all tliat splendid imiuor- tality. . . . Wiicn (iod returns to judgment will He not ask us i|uesti(>ns al)out these things ? Will t;luist smile approval at tliis wholesale ruin of tiiose for wiioni He died?" WOMKN- I.OOKIN' KiR KATIIKKS. IIROTIIEHS A v' I HISIIAM ■- [N llIK (UN --lldl'S OK r.oNDON. ifii Jihituits. an'l into tlif-m drift tiie soci il wnckage of every class. Tlicrt^ i.s an army i f !(•(), 000 paupers: tliere are hundreds of deserted chUilieii. who live l>y prowliu'.' ahoiit in the Miiirkets. the slums and the railway arches. The increase of population means tlie iuiTcasc mainly of its sipialor. its wn'tcliednes" and its guilt. Tiie increase is mainl\ iiiiiont: the do ti- tute~an increase ten per cent, more lapid in the slums and rook(.'ries than in the parks and s(iuare8! It is an increase of a pauper class, living on alms and rates and odd jobs, in the ,'riiis state ot thing's has its counterpart in ix'o>v York .lud other large cities on this conti- nent lOvcn in Toronto the class de8cril)ed hy Archdeacon Karrar has largely increased, and may continue to increase, with the growth of the city, in spite of tlie generous ellorts and increase of our privalc charities to keep it in check. Otliei institutions of a remedial and preventive cl\aiacter nit rcijuired to meet tlieae special needs of flic city. •84 THE TORONTO HUMANK SOCIETY. DUTY OF THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. One of the most important and pressing duties wliicli the Toronto Humane Society luis set be- fore itK'lf to perform, is the protection and teinjxirary slielter of the deserted, neglected and homeless waifs and strays of the city. Mr, Heverloy Jones, Honorary Solicitor to the Toronto Humane Society, has kindly fur- nished the Editor with some cases which came under his observation. He says: — "Take a case which lately occurred in To- ronto. A boy of twelve years old driven from Ilia bed l)y drunken parents on Christmas eve, and compelled to sleep in a shed. From there he gravitated to the streets — out! night in a common lodging house, another winter's night sleeping under a pile of lumber in a yard oppo- site Osgood e Hall, and finally making his gen- eral abode dur- ing the winter under a doorstep on Bay street, wjiere he had collected a few ragh and clothes as covering. Pic- ture him taken down with in- flammation of the Ixiwels, and, w' lie sleeping on a pile of pajier in a city news- paper office, the other newsboys may be .hciii in play pelting him with paper, little thinking in their boyish glee that he was fast approach- ing thi great gulf. In a few hours he lias gone to join tiif majority, and society in response it«k(' the old question of Cain, 'Am I my bro- ther'!) keeper v " I 'p to the present year, there has been no legal machinery in exirttcnc^e by which such a Society as ours could practically and effectively deal with this sad and helpless class But, with the concurrence and aid of Hon. .\ttorney- (leneral Mowat, an Act was passed in March, 1888, containing, amongst other provisions, the following: - '•On proof that a child undor fourteen years of iigi", bv reason of tlie neglect, crime, drindi- eniies.s, or other vices of its parent, or from orphanage, or any other cnuse, is growing up in circun)Htan> cs exposing such child to bad, or dissolute life, (ir on proof that any child under fourteen years of age, being an orphan, has been found begging in any street, highway, or public place, a judge may order such child to l)c com- mitted to any Industrial School, or Kefuge, for Ijoys or girls, or other institution, subject to WHERE THE WAIFS 'DO MO.ST CONGREOATE the inspection of the Inapoctor of Prisons and Asv lums, or to any suitable Charita))le Society authoii/ed under fhe Act visperlinii Aiiiiri'tilicfn and Miitoin (Rev. tStat. O., ch. Vi), and wilting to receive such child, to be there kept, caied for and educated, for a period not extending beyond the jjeriod at which such child shall attain the age of eighteen years," Mr. .Jones further says: — "Tiie function of tlie Humane Society in one of its Ijranches is the prevention of cruelty to ^liildren. Tlio fact of the existence of such a Society will deter many of those who practise snch cruelty from acting up to their brutal in- stincts. " Siiij you and tne, Will our earthly trea»uie« l>c; Rut the loviug word and de':d To another ia hiH need, They will unforgottcn be! They will live eternally — " Bread upon the w iters cast Shall be gathered at the last. " Fast the moments slip away, Soon our mortal powers dei ay, Low and lower sinks the sun, \Vhat wo do must soon be done! Then what rai)ture if we hear Thousand voices rin^'ing clear — " Bread upon the waters cast Shall be gathered at the lust. " — Anon. Many a child goes astray, simply because home lacks sunshine. A child needs Hiniies as much as flowers need sunlieanis. If home is the place where faces are sour and words harsh, and fault-fiuding is ever in the ascendant, they will spend as many hours as possible elsewhere. "Inasmuch." 0, have you envied Mary's place. So blest, at Jesus' feet ? And longed to wear the wond'roiis grace That makes her name so sweet? hoar His voice from heaven's bright throne. From all earth's woes .set free, "The service to My brethren done, The' same is done to Me. " Thus may we sit in Mary's place. May bathe His weary feet; And humbly share that wond'rous gr .ce, Tha.t makes nor name so sweet I — A non. The Critical Age of Children. Lord Shaftesbury recently stated at a public meeting in London, that he had ascertained from personal oViservation that of adult male ciiininals in that city, nearly all had fallen into a course of crime between the agen of eight and sixteen years; and that if a hoy lived an hone»t life up to twentv years of ago, there wore fcnty nine chances in Iiih favor, and only one against him. The Key to Others' Hearts. • Dialects of love are numy Though the language bo but one; Study all you can, or any, Wl'.ile life's precious hours run on. Cloned the heart-door nf thy brother, All its treasure long eimcealodl One key fails, tlien try another, S >on the rusty lock will yield. Silence is no certain token That no secret grief is there; Sonow, which is never spoken, Is the lieaviest load to bear! --.1/l<< lldvrrijtll. The Rights of Children. Mr. Herbert Spencer, in one of his eailier essays, lays dos'. ii that jiarental rule, in \erv mauj' cases, is, without duubt, simple de8j>nt ism. It lias for its basis, not reason nor atlei;- tion, but mere authority. Tiiic is putting ihe thing strongly, Imt it is correct. ('Iiildreii's rights are ignore 1, esp' 'iaiiy among the vicious classes, when it is always conveniently forgot- ten that "ley have iiiiy righ'.v. If a chiM is neglected, .ibused, untaught, K'lt to pick up ids living how he can, it ia, of course, mifortunate for him, and very much to his parents' dis- credit; but it is not felt that any one's rights are invaded, ceitniiily not a child's. How Lads get their Start in Crime Up in No. .'i I'olice Station, Tornilo, the oilier night, little .liiiiMiiy stood before the .Ser- geant on a charge of stealing thi'eo pairs of slip- pers. 'J'hc pidiceman, who arristed the boy, towered over him about four feet, and eoidd have stowed the waif away in one of his ofiiiial overcoat pockets. Johnny was not a bad look inii boy, but his features liespoke want of food and ?!ourishment. Hisclothes were ragged, and on his feet were tied a ])air of rubbeiy throe times too large for him. When he wa i l)cing " searched " he had to unfasten pins from bis buttonless jacket, and liis jioekets were bottom less, so that nothing contraband was found in his clothes but a solitary match. The fact is, .Johnny was shoeless and hungry, and the tempt- •b^ % IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) y *•< /> 4' .^>,%' < ^ ,v fc fe 1.0 I.I J IIIII2.5 IIIIM 112 1.8 1.25 1.4 16 < 6" ► p^ <^ /} / "^ s>* fliotographic Sciences Corporation A-^ # ^ \ \ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, i^.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^y 4^ -^ ^ o^ .1*^ 88 THK TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. ing tliroo pairs of slippers, wliicli ho thought would enrich liini, wcro too gruat a toinptatioii for the poor hui, so In^ anatuhuJ them, ran away, and full into tlio arms of the, big policeman re- ferred to. As the boy was being conducted down staira, I remarked to the Sergeant that if I were clothed and fed like .lohnny 1 guess I'd steal, too; and the Sergeant said he ilidn't know as he'd b'anic iTie if I did. Tlien we discussed boys in general, and honuiloss ones in particular, of which latter class, I am led to believe, this city of churches is full to overflowing. Scarcely a day passes that friendless boys are not to be found at the difierent police stations on charges of sneak- tiiieving, and the question of " What shall we do with our boys ? " is one that should at once engage the attention of pliilanthropic people, if not of our civic solons. Joiinny's fate for steal- ing the slippers was a term in jail; tliere to r isociate with hardened criminals, aii^l from tliere to come out pledged to further depreda- tions against a community wliich, seemingly, does not care abuut fiiendli'ss boys, and wliieh certainly seems to take but little interest in them. — Toronto Woiid. Difficulty in Oealingf Prudentially with such Cases as the Foregoing. Alas, that such cases as the foregoing do viccur! They are most difficult to deal with, in the interests alike of humanity and of justice combined. There is no doubt as to the crime itself, nor as to the penalty which the law very properly attaches to it Hiu-ein lies the ditiicnlty in dealing pruden tially with such sad, sad eases, so as not, on the oi'.e hand, to lessen the just restraints against the commission of such crimes; and yet, on tiie other hand, not to run the g'-eater risk of im- perilling the young life, as yet untainted by wilfulness in crime, to the debasing influence of hardened and abandoned criminals. The tiiree following extracts ilescribc in graphic, yet poetic, language how the presiding magis- trates were moved to deal with similar cases of theft, the impelling cause, in the first and second, being h\niger anil want: — '' ' Discharged,' did you say, Mister Judge ?" We laid in a cell. Mister .Judgi', all tiie nigiit long, Jinimie and me, waitin' and wishin' for the mornin' to dawn, 'Cause wo couldn't sleep. Mister Judge, in that coUl, damp place; And Jiinmie was 'most scared to death at the wild, ma('. race That the 'vits kept runnin' all through tiie dark night; Tiiat's why wo were glad. Mister Judge, to seo tlie daylight. Please, Mister Judge, we are not very Ijad little boys, And tlie p'liceman what took us said we're some motiier's joys ; lie was wrong, Mister Judge, and should only have said Tiiat we wee two little outcasts, for our mother is dead ; And there's no o;ie to care for us, at least here below, And no roof that shelters us from the rain and the snow. A preacher once told us that 'way up in tlie blue There was a God that was watchin' all that lit- tle l)oys do. And that He loved little children, and His love it was free ; But, I guess. Mister Judge, He don't love Jim- mie or me. For I prayetl, and I prayed, 'till I was 'most out of breath, For something to eat, and to keep Jimmic from death. And that's why we're here. Mister Judge; for you know There was no help from above, I must find it below. 'Twas no use beggin', and be told in God I must trust, For I begged all the day, and got never a crust ; And there was poor .riinmie, holdin' his cold little feet. And cry in' and moanin' for some thin' to eat. So I went to a house that was n>^t very fai-. And saw, Mister.Judge, that- the back door was ajar; And a table was settin' right close to the door, Just loaded witli r.ies, about twenty, or more. So I quickly stepped in and grabbed one to my breast — Tlie p'liceman then caugiit us, and you know the >'est. " Disciiargad," did you say. Mister Judge? — both Jimmie and I ? And— and we ain't got to bo jailed, 'cause I took a pie ? And— we can eat I'dl we want ? how funny 'twill seem. CARE OF THE WAIFS AND STRAYS OF OUR CITIES. 89 find it id I must far, loor was Fudge ?— se 1 took iny 'twill —Say, Jiinmie, pinch me, for I — I think it's a dream; And you'll give ua work, 8';mmer, winter and fall- Say, Jimmie, I think there's a God after all ! — A non. "Yes, Guilty— but, Sentence Deferred." She stood at the bar of justice, A creature wan and wild. In form t.jo small for a woman. In features too old for a chilil ; Tor a look so worn and patlietic Was stamped on her pale, younj^ face, It scorned long years of suffering Must have left that silent trace. " Your name ? " said the Judge as he eyed her With kindly look, yet kien, " Is Alary McGuire, if you please sir;" " And your age? " — " I an. turned fifteen." " Well, Mary," and then from a paper Me slowly and gravely read, " You are charged here — I'm sorry to say it — With stealing three loaves of bread. " You look not like an offender, And I hope that you can show The charge to bo false. Now, tell me, Are you guilty of this, or no ? " A passionate burst of weeping Was at first her solo reply, But she dried her eyes in a moment, And looked in the Judge's eye. " 1 will tell you how it was, sir. My fatlier and mother are dnad, And my little brothers and sisters Were hungry and asked me for bi oad. At first I earned it for them, Hy working hard all day ; But somehow ' imes were bad, sir, And the work all fell away. " I could get no more employment ; The weather was bitter cold ; The voung ones cried and shivered — (Little Johnny's but four years old) ; So, A'hat was I to do, sir ? — I am guilty, but do not condemn; I took— oh, was it stealing? — The bread to give to them. " Every mon in the court-room — (irey-beard and thoughtless youth — Knew, as he looked upon her, That the prisoner spoke the truth. Out from their pockets came handkerchiefs. Out from their eyes sprung tears, 7 ■ And out from the old faded wallets Treasures hoarded for years. ,. The Judge's face was a study — Tl)e strangest you ever saw. As he cleared his throat and murmured Something about the law. For one so learned in such matters. So wise in dealing witii men. He seemed on a simple question. Sorely puzzled just then. But no one blamed him or wondered, When at last these words were lieard: The sentence of tliis yourg prisoner Is, for the present, deferred. And no one blamed him, or wondered, When he went to her and smiled, And tenderly led from the court-room. Himself, the "guilty " child. " I'll Give You a Chance— Make the Most of It— Go ! " A stem old judge, in relentless mood. Glanced at the two who before him stood — She was bowed and haggard and old. He was young and defiant and bold — Mother and son ; and to gaze at tlie pair, Thpir different attitudes, look and air, f 'lie would beliove, ere the truth was won, 'j^he mother convicted, and not the son. There was the mother ; the boy stood nigh With a shameless look, and his head held high. Age had come ovc her, sorrow and care ; These mattered but little so he was there. A prop to her years and a light to her eyes, And prized as only a mother can prize; But what for him could a mother say, Waiting his doom on the sentence day ?' Her husband had died in his shame and sin ; And she a widow, her living to win. Had toiled and struggled from morn to night ; Making with want a wearisome fight. Bent over her work with resolute zeal. Till she felt her whole frame totter and reel ; Her weak limbs trenddc, her eyes grow dim. But she had her boy, and she toiled for him. And he— he stood in the criminal dock With a heart as liard as tlie flinty rock, An impudent gbince and reckless air, Braving the scorn of the gazers there ; Drenched in crime, and encompassed round With proof of his guilt by captors found. Ready to stand, as he phrased it, "game." Holding not crime, but penitence, ahame. j-Hl 90 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. J'oiirctl in a flood o'er the m ither'a cheok Tim moi&tuning tuarswhuri; the tongue was weak, And she saw througli tlie mist of thoaa burning tears, Only the cliild in his innocent years ; Slie rcmenibcrcd him pure as a chihl might be, Tlie guilt of tlie presunt she could not see ; And for mercy her wistful looks made prayer To the stern old judge in hia cushioned chair. " Woman," the old judge crabbedly said, "Your boy is the neighborhood's plague and dread ; Of a gang of reprobates chosen chief; An idler and rioter, ruffian and thief. The jury did right, for the facts were plain; Denial is idle, excuses are vain. 'J"he sentence the court imposes is one — " " Your Honor," she cried, " he's my only son." The tipstaves grinned at the words she spoke. And a ripple of fun through the court-room b ,ke; Cut over the face of the culprit came An angry lookand a shadow of shame; " Don't laugli at my uiotiier," aloud cries ; ;; " You've got me fast and can deal with me. But she's too good for j'our cowardly jeers. And I'll — " then his utterance clioked withtcaro. The judge for a moment bent his head, And looked at him keenly, and then lie said — " \Ve suspend the sentence; the boy can go; '" And the words were tremulous, forced and low. " But stay ! " and he raised his finger than — " Don't let tliem bring him hithei' again. There is something good in you yet, I know ; I'll give you a chance — m.ake the most of it — go I" The twain went forth, and the old judge said: " I meant to liave given him a year instead. And perhaps 'tis a ilifficult thing to tell If clemency here be ill or well. But a rock was struck in that ca'lous heart. From which a fountain of good may start. For one on t!".e ocean of crime long tossed Who loves his mother, is not quite lost. " — Anon. I. LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF WAIF-LIFE. "What wouldst thou be? A blessing to each one surroundiii^' mc ; A chalice of dew to the weary heart, A sunbeam of Joy, bidding sorrow depart ; To the storm-tossed vessel, a beacon Iii;ht, A ni^'htingale's song in the darkest night, A beckoning hand to a far-off goal. An angel of love to each friendless soul ; Such would I be ; Oh, that such happiness were for nie." — A non. Little do the general public know of the lights, .and, alas ! too frequently the terrible shadows of waif-life. To particularize, or to picture them in ordinary prosaic language, would be but to present them in a dim, shadowy and imperfect form. And this is so from the fact that even the lights of waif life are so transient and fitful, while the shadows have, in many cases, a darker hue than we ordinarily see in the superficial glance which we take at them. The skill of the word-painter and of the poet have, under such circumstances, been brought into requisition to present them (as they do so graphically) with the striking vividness of real- ity and truth — the truth being, toe, as in their cose especially, stranger than fiction. The Editor of this publication prefers, there- fore, to avail himself of the skill of these writers. They portray with such real effect the actual and sadly prosaic life— with all its vicissitudes of storm and sunshine — of what has popularly been regarded as the "dangerous classes" in our cities. And yet, dark as the shadows are, and hopeless as many cases may appear, it has been over and over again demonstrated that the thoughtful, considerate and practical kindness shown to the youthful among this class by the few workers in this wide field of Christian char- ity has been highly successful, and has brought about results which have gladdened the hearts and encourage I the hopes of even the doubtful and, at times, despondent among such workers. LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF WAIF-LIFE. 91 It ma- be here observed that such workers, to liu at all successful, must have strong personal sympathy. They must, as it we'-e, make them- selves one with the class which they are striv- ing to uplift. It must be something like the influence which Lord Shaftesbury exerted upon a man who had an evil reputation ; — " What did Lord Shaftesbury say to you that made you a reformed man?" " Oh, he didn't say much. He just sat down by my side and said, 'Jack, we will make a man out of you yet ' ! " It was this natural, sympathetic appeal to }ii8 manhood, that saved Jack. So it will be always if tliere is love and earnestness on the one side, and something of the man or woman Btill left to which such a silent yet irresistible appeal can be made. Tlicre is so mucii of "human nature," and so much of sad patlios in the liistory of individual waifs, that no one can present the case of the neglected and homeless children, and those in our cities who are harshly treated, or aban- doned by their parents, so well as the writers of the following extracts. (Iraphically, and yet toujhingly and plaintively, they tell the tale of the privation, discouragements, needs and sor- rows of these destitute oaes in our midst. The " minor in the carol " of these songs and verses is the more eflectively produced by the use of the dialect, or the vernacular, of the class described. The sympathetic ear can, therefore, the more easily detect it, as an undertone of deeper pathos than would be felt if the story, or tale of trouble or sorrow, were told in polite speech and in the colder form of simple jirose. The Humane Society hopes that the following estracts will be read and pondered, and that they will touch the heart and make such an appeal to the reader's bet'.,er nature that more ready aid will be given to the Society to mitigate the terrible evlla of "waif-life." SPIRIT IN WHICH THIS WOR«C Sr^OULD BE PROSECUTED. And first, we should consider how this work should be done, and in what spirit it should be prosecuted. The following extracts '.om vari- ous writers will piobably best illustrate the spirit and character of the efforts w hich should be made to accomplish this part of the work o* the Humane Society, especially with the young — the waifs and strays— which it is dcHirable to reach and uplift. Tliey are preteraaturally sceptical as to the genuineness of any professed regard for them. They instinctively detect a Pharisaic spirit, and, in their own blunt, sneer- ing way, scornfully humor it, if it promises to be of service to them. Amateur piiilanthro- pists, with the best intentions, are apt to make tliis fatal mistal.e, and in the end, and in conse- quence of it, become discouraged and disheart- ened. How necessary, then, is it that there should be no mistakes in this matter! Unless the duty is undertaken in tlie spirit of the fol- lowing extracts it will not be successful. In some of them the effects of such genuine, loving efforts arc fcreshaed wanderers from the fold; Peace and pardon freely oft'jr ; Can you weigh their worth with gold ? "Call them in" — the broken-hearted, Cowering 'neath the brand of shame ; Speak Love's message low and tender — 'Twas for sinners Jesua came. 92 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. See I the almdows lengthen round us, Soon tlio diiy-ilawn will begin ; Can you leave them lost and lonely ? Christ is coining: "Cull them in." III. When you see a ragged urchin Standing wistful on the street, With torn hat and kneeless trouaeis, Dirty face and bare red feet : Pass not by the lad unheeding; Smile on him. Mark me, when He's grown he'll not forget it ; For, remember, boys make men 1 IV. On life's rugged road As we journey each day, Far, far more of sunshine Would brighten the way, If forgetful of self And our troubles, we had The will, and would try To make other hearts glad. A word kindly spoken, A smile or a tear. Though seeming but trifles, Full often may cheer. Each day to our li^'cs Some treasures 'twould add, To be conscious that we Had made somebody glad. Those M'ho sit in the darkness Of sorrow, so drear. Have need of a word Of solace or cheer. There arc homes that are desolate, Hearts tiiat are 8a|H-il to heoil Uiir lirothera' and ninterii' {, and sorrow, will, it is iioped, enkindle a true and huarty desire to lend a helping hand to lift up and cheer the counterpart, in Toronto and elso- wlicre, of those wiio tell these sad talcs, re- ijicnihering that " Kroni rankest Hoil There often gro.vs a iuunaii llower both sweet and bright." Song of a Toronto Newsboy. The following touchii.g verses were sung by Tommy Wiiitc, a Toronto newsboy, at an enter- tiiinment given to the newsboys of tho city : — We live in a hut on a vacant lot, My father, my mother, and I ; ' I'is away out of town in a dreary spot, With a headstone (juarry close by. My father is lazy, and my mother she drinks, And I am ra^'ged and tiiin, I look like a, thief, for 'tis hard to be pure, When circled around by sin. A terrible place is this vacant lot, A region of famine and woe ; The neighbors found a strangled child In the (juarry not long ago. My father is sometimes out all day. And comes staggering home at night With money and things that he hides away, For he never conies by them right. .And mother is always at me to steal, And urges her plea with a curse ; She bids me sneak through the city crowd And pocket a watch or a purse. My father he beata me when I say I'd rather at any time die Than steal or rob, for I never will. And I'll tell you the reason why : 'i'here came to our hovel three years ago A man with a mild, meek face ; He held a Holy Book in his hand. And tried to read me a place. But mother swore at that mild-faced man, And drove him away from our door. And tolil him never as long as ho lived Again to darken our door. But something made me fellow that man — I think that he beckoned to mo — He led ine down to the ([uarry's |)laco That none of our people might see ; He read me tilings from tliat Holy Hook That I never haiit I immt kcop Ami li(>anl '«m «iii)roail to oat, Wliilo iiiothor cliiiii'uil for poiii folk roiiiul iihout, Ur Mold chuap odiU ami eniU from itroet to •trooc, Yet, I'arsoii, there was pluusiiru frmh nnd (iiir, 'J'o iiiakti tlio tiiiii! paiM happily up tluii'u— A Ht(:aiiilM)at going pant upon tlui tiilu, A pigeon ligiiting on tliu roof cloHe by, Tiui HparniWM tuaoliiiig liUlu oul-h to tly, 'I'hi' Hinall wliite moving cIouiIh tiuit wu uftpicil, Anil tlion;,'iit wt;ro living in tlic l>it of sky Witii sigiita like tiiem! right glail wuru Neil and L And then we loved to moo tlie Hoft rain calling, Pattering, pattering upon the tilcH; And it was tino tu see the Rtill snow foiling. Making the hoUMetop^ white for niileB and miles. And oateh it in our little hands in [day. And laugh to feel it nutit and slip ivway I But I was Mix, and Ned was only three, And thinner, weaker, wearier than moj Aiul one eold day, in winter time, when mother Had gone away into the snow, and we Hat elose for warmth, and euddled otio another, He put his little head upon my knee And went to sleep, and would not stir a lind), r.ut looked (|uite strange and old. And when I shook him, kissed him, spoke to him, He smiled, and grew so cold. Then I was frightened, and eried out. and none Could hear me; while I sat and nursed his head, Watching the whitened window, wliile the sun I'eeped in upon his face and made it red; And I liegan to sob — till mother came, Knelt down, and screamed, and named the gojd God's name, And told me he was dead ! And when she put his night-gown on, and weep- iwg. Placed him among the rags upon his bed, 1 thought that brotliur Ned was only sleeping. And took his liUle hand and felt no fear. l)Ut when the place grew gray, and cold, and drear. And the round moon over the roofs came creep- ing, And put a silver shade All round the chilly bed whore he was laid, I cried, and was afraid. — Robert Buchanan. An Orange for Little Brother Bill. Please buy some cress, a penny just; You'll like 'cm if yon will ; Then I can l)uy an orange, sir, For little brother IJill. You see, we're all alono, now, sir, For fatluir's gone away, And mother, HJie's in heaven, sir — Least so the folks all miy. And Itill, hu seems mo tired like now, His lips HO hot and dry ; And if you'd see 'em hands of his, 'T Would make you almost cry. And when I left this mornin', sir, He looked so tired ond white, I vowed I'd get an orange, sir. If for it I'd to light. They cost a big live cents, you see I'd like to get him two; I've never made a cent to-dny, I don't know what I'll do. It knocks mo all to pieces, sir. To see him lyin' there, His eyes, like mother's, big and bright; But, oh ! BO damp his hair. It's time I'll bean to see him now, I'm sure he'll feel real bad. For when I left this nioridn', 'decil, A crust was all he had. I gathered these this mornin', sir, They're nice mid fresh, you sec; I covered them with this wet moss, And stood beneath this tree. Youll take them all ? Oh, thank you, sir; How lUlly's eyes will shine! '1 hem oranges will be more to him Than any big gold mine. t-ome home with me ? Yes, if you like ; There ain't much, tliough, to see — A broken c'lair and little bed; It just holds Bill and ine. We use the chair as table, and The bed is good enough ; For stanilin' round like this, you knov.-. It makes a fellow tough. Just wait a moment, I'll be back ; They sell the oranges there. My ! won't they be a jolly treat To spread on Billy's chair. Yes, this is where we live, sir; wait, I guess I'll go ahead; I've always got to lift Bill up. And let him sit in bod. He's gone asleep, I know he's tired. " Here, Bill, wake up and see !" -i 100 THE TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. I'm 'fraid he's pretty sound this time. " Bill 1 Bill ! it's time for tea ' " T!ie stranger moved the lad aside, And o'er wee Billy bent ; He folded down tho wasted hands, And smoothed the curlb unkempt. Then turned to Ilia companion small, Whilst tears stood in his eyes — " Wee Bill will never wake, my lad: F i gone above the skies." The boy gazed at the silent form. His eyes with ai.^uish wilil, Then with a great lieartrending cry Sank down beside tl.e child. The stranger took him to his home, And o'er him watched with care ; But all in vain, his heart still ached — Wee Billy was not there. And .low they're lying side by f 'ie Within the cliurchyard gates ; And one there is who pauses there. And muses as he v/aits. And fancies, as he silent stands, Thr.t he can hear him still : " Please buy, then I can get an orange For little brother Bill." The Old Man "Wrapped lip in Jim." Jld man nevtr had i.iuch to say, 'Cfjptin' to .Jim, — Anil Jim was the wildest boy he had — -lud the old man jes' wrapped up in him ! Never heerd him speak but once Er twice in my life,— and first time was When the war broke out, and Jim he went. The old mai> backin' him, fer threo months,— And all 'at I heerd the old man say Was, jea' as we turned to start away, — " Well ; good bye. Jinx : Take keer of yourse'f ! " Never was nothin' about the farm Disling'islied Jim ; — Neighbors all ust to wonder v/hy The old man 'peared wrap^ied up in him : !>ut when Cap. Biggler, he writ back 'A^. Jim was the bravest boy we had And his fightin' good as his farmin' bad — 'At he had led, with a bullet clean Bored through his thigh, and carried the flag Through the bloodiest battle you ever seen, — The old man wound up a letter to hini 'At Cap. read to us, 'at said, — "Tell Jim Good-bye ; And take kee- of hissuf." Tuk the papers, the old man did, A-.vatchin' fer Jim — Fully believin' he'd make his mark Some way— jes' wrapped up in him I And many a time the v.'ord 'u'd come 'At stirred him up like the tap li a drum — At Petersburg, for instance, wh re Jim rid right into their cannons there. And tuk 'pm, and p'inted 'em t' other way And socked it home to the boys in gray, Aa they skooted fer timber, and on and on — Jim a lieatjnant and one arm gone, And the old man's words in his mind all day, — " Well ; good-bye, Jim : Take keer of yourse'f 1 " Think of a private, now, perhaps, We'll say like Jim, 'At's dumb clean up to the shoulder straps — And the old man jes' wrapped up in him ! T'link of him— with the war plum' through, And the glorious old Red- White-and- Blue i^.-laughin' the news down over Jim And the old man bendin' over him — The surgeon turnin' awa; with tears 'At had n't leaked fer years and years — As the hand of the dyin' boy clung to His father's, the old voice in his ears, — " Well ; good-bye, Jim : May God take keer of you !" — James Whilcomb Riley, in the Century. " I'll Help You Across if You Wish to Go." The woman was old and ragged ard gray. And ber t with the chill of a winter's day ; The streets were white with a winter's sncw, And the woman's feet with age were slow. None offered a helping hand to her. So \> jak and timid, afraid to stir, Lest the carriage wheels or the horse's feet Should trample her down in the slippery street. At last came out of a merry troop The gayest boy of all th^ group; He paused beside her and wliispered low, " I'll help you across if you wish to go." — " Somebody's mothe.'" bowed low her head In her home that night, and the prayer she said Was — " (lod be kind to that noble boy Who is somebody's son, and pride, and jov," 1 HE WAIFS AND STRAYS TELLING THEIR OWN STORY. 101 tm m- ay day,- ipa— im ! ugh. ;ie entury. 1 Go." new, V. et street. !ad 16 said JV." FNwers for Poor Little Joe. Prop yer ey^s wide open, Joey, For I've brought you sunipin' great. Apples ? No, a loi.g sight bettor ! Don't you take no int'rest ? Wait ! Flouers, Joe —I knoweil you'd like 'em — Ain't them scrumptious ? Ain't them high ' Tears, T.y boy ? What's ',hem fur, Joey ? There — poor little Joe ! don't cry 1 I was skippin' past a winder, Wiiere a bang-up lady sot All amongst a lot of bushes — Each one climbin' from a pot : Every bush had flowers on it— Pretty? Mebbenot! Oh, no! Wisii you could have seen 'em growin', It was such a 'tunnia' show. Well. I thought of you, poor feller, Lyin' here so sick an' weak ■; Never knowin' any comiort. An' I pu s on a lot o' cheek. " Missus," says I, " If you please, mum, Could I ax you for a rose ? For my little brother, missus, Never seed one, I suppose. " Then I told her all about you — How I bringed you up— poor Joe (Lackin' women folks to do i^), Such an imp you was, you know — Till yer got that awful tun;ble, Jist as I had broke yer in (Hard work, too) to earn yer 'ivin' Blackiii' boots for honest tin. How that tumble crippled of you, So's you couldn't hyper nnich — Joe, it hurted when I seen you Fur the first time with your crutch. " But," I says, "he's laid up now, mum, 'Pears to weaken every day. " Joe, she up an' went to cuttin', That's the hew o' this bokay. Say ! it seems to me, ole feller, You is quite yerself to-night ; Kind o' chirk, it's been a fortiiit Since yer eyes has been so bright. Better ? Well I'm glad to hear it ! Yes, they're mighty pictty, Joe ; Smellia' of 'em's made you happy ? Well, I thought it would, yr^u know. Never seen the country, did you ? Flowers growin' everywhere 1 Sometime when yer better, Joey, Mebbe I kin take you there. Flowers in heaven ! 'M — I s'pose so ; Don't know much about it, though ; Ain't as fly as what I might be On them topics, little Joe. But I've heard it hinted somowher's That in heaven's golden gates Things is everlasting cheerful — B'lieve that's what the Bible states. Likewise, there folks don't get hungry ; So good people, when they dies. Find themselves well fixed forever — Joe, my boy, wot ails yer eyes ? Thought they looked a little sing'ler, Oh, no ? Don't you have no fear ; Heaven was made fur such as you is ! Joe, wot makes you look so queer ? Here, wake up : Oh, don't look that way, Joe, my boy ! Hold up your head ! Here's your flowers, you dropped 'em, Joey I Oh ! can it be, can Joe be deai' ? — Pdeg A rkwright. Our Little Tim, Alas, for Him I Our little Tim Was such a limb His mother scarce Could manage him. His eyes were blue. And locked you through. And seemed to say, "I'll have my way 1" His age was six. His saucy tricks 'But made you sinile, Though all the while You said, " You limb, You wicked Tim, Be quiet, do !" Poor little Tim ! Our eyes are dim When soft and low We speak of him. No clatt'rir.g shoe Goes running throug'u The silent room, Now wrapped in gloom. So still he lies. With fast shut eyes, No need to say, Alas! today ' "'~ " You little limb, You baby Tim, Be quiet, do!" ,, — Oeorg" R. Sims, 102 THE TOIIONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. III. THE WAIFS AND STRAYS-OTHERS TELLING THEIR STORY. " I think that this world vould not be half as bri^'ht, In fact it would be rath r drear, II, aa we passed throu);h it, we never could And Some poor soul to he good to, my dcu/, Some poor soul to be cood to, my dear. Is a blessing- of blessings, that's clear ; For to keep the heart warm there is nothing excels ^onio poor soul to be good to, my dear. " Though the paths that we tread may be fragrant with flowers, 'Ncatli a sky where no shadows appear, 'Twill add to our joy if we've alwa,\ s in mind Some poor soul to be good to, my dear. Some poor soul to be good too, my dear, Yes, even if sorrown come near. Less heavy they'll grow just as long as we know Some poor so.il to be good to, my dear." — Margaret Eytingc, in Harptr't Bazar. Although many of these stories arc told in the vcniaoular of the class which they repre- sent, yet they are, as a rule, founded on inci- dents and facts which came under the personal notice of the writers — some of whom are well known in literature. The likeness of these typical originals to those in most cities, and the general truthfulness na to the details given, will be at once recognized by such of our read- ers a? have hud any of the sad experiences of life among the waifs and strays and the desti- tute ones in large cities, as related here in these stories. These pieces are inserted in this publication with the strong hope that the subjects of the stories, represented as they are by numbers in our largest cities, and by many in Toronto, will awaken a deeper and more abiding interest in the fate and well-being of such waifs and strays. It may be objected, and with some reason, that the types, or little heroes, of these stories, are much better and more interesting thr.n their onlinary representatives, as found in our cities. This may be true in some, but by no means in all, eases. An off-hand conclusion is often ar- rived at as the resu.'t of a superficial know- ledge of the subject, or perhaps from a per- sonal contact with our waifs and strays which is neither close nor loving. Such an experi- ence is of no practical value ; and such a con- tact with our waifs and strays does positive harm to both parties. But it should never be forgotten, or over- lf>oked, that in every human heart, however much the man, woman or child may be down- trodden or debased, there is a hidden, tender, sensitive spot, which can only be reached, aa is well known, in one v. ay — that is, by tender sympathy or "joint-burden-bearing," and lov- ing-kindneus — it may be, oft-repeated loving- kindness. Remember, as Ella Wheeler Wilcox says, that — There lies in the centre of each man's heart A longing and love for the good and pure, And If but an atom, or larger part, I tell you this shall endure —endure After the body has gone to decay — Yea, after the world has passed away. The longer I live tlie more I see Of the struggle of souls to the heights above. The stronger this truth comes home to me. That the universe rests on the shoulders of Love — A love so limitless, deep and broad That men have renamed it and called it God. And nothing that ever was born or evolved. Nothing created by light or force, But deep in its system there lies dissolved A shining drop from the great Love Source— A shining drop that shall live for aye Tho' kingdoms may perish and stars may die. THE WAIFS AND STRAYS,- OTHERS TELLING THEIR STORY, ''he New Kingdom Called "Home." 103 Ho must have all the caro we can possiV)ly give, Ami it iniy he the i)o;)r little fellow will live." Two little frieniUess children, comrubs for more than a year. But alas for poor Willie ! he had no nice homo ; One sold floweis on a door step, one swept a jje lived in an alley, in one little room; crossin;^ near ; And his poor mother, working from earliest lie was a curly -iieaded laddie, brimful of light, laughter and fun, Had often no supper to give him at night. She was a staid little lassie, her hair kissed gold by the sun. Rut joy for poor Willie ! for not far away And when the lights of the city, told that the From the place wliere all bleeding and shat- night had come, tered he lay, She would tell him a wonderful story. Is a very large house standing back from the She liad heard of a kingdom called Home : street. With everything round it so quiet and neat, Uoscs that cost not a penny, grew in a garden Which many good people had built in His luuiie fair. Who healed all the sick when, from heaven He Lilies tnat never faded, blossomed in winter came ; there ; And who promises blessings that ever endure Over a golden threshold, children were always To those who shall comfort the sick antl the poor. at play, Nobo'• A great heavy cart had come rattling that way. It was night: in the hospital ward .ill was still, Where Willie and others were busy at play. Save the low moans of anguish from poor little And the poor little fellow, now stretched on VVill, the stones. When a dear little girl in the very next bed Seemed only a mass of bruised flesh and crushed Turned round on her pillow and lovingly said : bones. " Ditile boy, what's the matter? are you very IJut still there was "fe ; and a kind doctor said, ill ?" " We must take the child home and put him to "Oh yes," said poor Willie; "and what is bed ; worse still. lot THK TORONTO HUMANE SOCIETY. The doctor is going to hurt my leg so To-morrow ; I never can bear it, I know." " Hilt Jesua will help you," aaid dear little Sue; "He sull'ured and died, you kno\v', Willie, for you." The child was astonished, and thus made reply : " Wljy, Susie, who's Jesus, and what made Him die?" "Oil, Willie, how sad! 1 thought every one knew, "You don't go to Sunday-school; isn't that true?" " No; I never have been," the boy made reply; " But tell me of Jesus, and what made Him die?" "Well, Jesus," said Susie, "came down long ago, Hecause He was sorry we all suffered so, And would be so nauglity. And He was a child, Just as little as we, but so gentle and mild. And when He grew up Ho went all through the land. And healed all the sick with a touch of His hand ; And Ho took little children right up on His knee — Oh, Willie, I wish it had been you and me ! Hut some cruel men caught Jesus one day. And beat Him, and mocked Him, and took Him away, An