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 TIIH REVIVED SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 
 INITIALS ''lie; 
 
 A PAPER 
 
 A'£.-ll) BEFORE THE I'lONEEK AND HfSTOKlCAI. SOCIETY OF 
 THE COUN'l V 01' YORK, JUL )', iSg2, 
 
 I!V 
 
 REV. DR. SCADDIXG. 
 
 roKUNTO : 
 TIIK COI'F, tl.AKK COMFANN, MMIIKD. 
 
^^'icu'-t 
 
 ^■^ 
 
 '^•a' 
 
 ■V, 
 
TIIK REVIVED SIGNIFICANCE OF THE 
 INITIALS ' r. E." 
 
 M..Ht ..f us have boei. very familiar frr.in -nr hnyh.MMl with the initials 
 " r E " Curtfiin p.'.rsunH amongst us used to l.u sjx.kfn of as " I .Ks. 
 \ fuUcr i.hrasc sometimes was that thoy were T.K. Loyalists, hut there 
 l„n.' remaine.1 in the min.ls of many of ns. ,,rol«ihly, a certam degree of 
 indetiniteness as t<. what the exi-ression really n.eant. We have hec<.me 
 better instructea since. The T.K. Loyalists, as we all kn..w now, were 
 ,,ers<,ns who .Inrin-.,^ the cntests in the British colonies of North An.enca 
 hctween the aclv..cates of independence and their opponents .s.ded w,th 
 the latter party. They conscientiou.sly felt that their duty t.» the crown 
 „f (Jreat Hritain absolutely forbade their taking up arn.s for Hh; P"rp<'se 
 of freeh.g themselves fr.n.i the yoke of the Mother Co.n.try. W ith then, 
 the r.iity of the Empire was a sacred thing. To disn.ember it. or to a,d 
 in dismen:bering it, was a kind of impiety. The feeling was evulently a 
 relic of the ohl chivalrous times, when the hind one lived in was ui theory, 
 acc.rding to feudal ideas, the property ..f the king, and it was a matter of 
 honor for every faithful liege subject to shield his kin- fnm. surtenng any 
 loss. 
 
 This strong feeling ind.tced very many of the Briti.sh colonists to 
 s-icrirtce their possessions, and in many cast-s lucnitive positi.ms, rather 
 than assent to the politicial principles which were becoming predominant 
 ■ao.md tlu u.. Thev accordingly abandoned the ha-alities which had been 
 the. home of then.seives and their f-refathers as speedily as it was possd.le 
 to do so, an.l betook 1heu>sc1ves to other portions of the contnu-nt, where 
 the British ruh- still continued to pr.vail. These w.-re the I inted 
 Empire Loyalists, an.l they found places of refu-.'e m parts of what are 
 „..w called the Maritin.e Provinces ..f Canada, as also ahmg the norther., 
 sh.nes of the St. Law ,enc... eastward of Kingston, and on the Bay of 
 (^uinte.and on the w.4e,ly banks of the K,v..r Niagara. In ,dl tl,ese 
 localities the authorities of Great Britain provided binds for the loyal 
 .-efu-ees and their families, where they n.ight conin.ence again the useful, 
 but rabori..as. work of cohmists. Wild lands, too. were alh.tted f..r the 
 occupancy of others, who were desirous after the conclusum of the 
 revolution still to preserve their allegiance to the British crown by 
 eniicrrating peacefullv fn.m their former homes. Sub.se.,ueiit settlers ,n 
 
the* MaritiriR! Province's atid in tlic two Caiuul.is Ichi-iiccI tn reyuid with 
 much n'S|HTt their incdccissoiH in tin- j^ndil wurk itf cnldnization, on 
 account of the Muriticcs wliich it was known thoy had made for conscience 
 Hake; and hence the pecuhar reverence wliich used to attach itself to thi; 
 term t'.K. Loyalists in oiu' younyer duyi, and even to tlie initials l. K. 
 taken independtiiitly. 
 
 I len v'Uilier jookint,' with a decree of awe. when (juite a youth on what 
 was calletl a I'.K. riyiil. The h<'ad of a I . K. family was entilk-il to draw, 
 as the expression was. a two hundred acre lot of wild land for each i-liild 
 in his family. 'Die certificate totln-eH'ecf that any child was thus entitled, 
 was what was termed a ••I'.K. ri<^hl " : it was transferable an* 1 sulealile, 
 and it was one of these certiticates that it was my chanct- once. wlu'U a 
 mere lad, to hecomi' the possessor of for a very small sinu, and which was 
 afterwards disposed of for my lieiietit at a vei'y small rati; of prolit ; liut I 
 know that it secured to its worthy purchaser a two hin\dred acre lot in the 
 township of Mrock, converttd liy Idm into a productive farm, which at 
 this moment in its entirety would la- a litth' forluiu'. 
 
 The initials I'.K. seem likely I're Ioulj to assume a fresh iiuportance in 
 Canadian history. It is curiniis to oliM-rve what a part, initials .somewhat 
 like the.se have playetl in history elsewhere. The.se alihrevations in the 
 foriu of initials liave (piite a place of tlieir own among literary ciu'iosities. 
 Tliey have heen found coiwenient in conveying an idea which otherwise 
 would rcfpiire a nndtitude of wtirds to express, and they oftei: have the 
 power of creating a certain degree of enthusiasm. The letters I'.S. have 
 often the same etlect on the citi/en of the I nited States as the 
 sight of his star-s[)angled banner. They represent to him his country. 
 as it were. He humorously interprets them sometimes by tlie 
 homely expression " I nci»' Sam '- a kindly impersonation of his 
 country. I remember when aforetime the initials I'.C. liad nmch the 
 sjime ettect on young nnnds amon^ tmr.selves here in Canada. They had 
 the power of exciting a degree of patriotic feeling as representing the old 
 province of I'pjter Canada, an al)breviation now poorly supplied by the 
 not very euphonious "Ont." for Ontario. These initials now survive 
 atuongst us only as a prefix to .i well-known great public ,scho<»l oj' c<»llege, 
 and as such are still, I aiu hapjty to say, regarded with a .sentiment of 
 affection by its alunnii. Von will often hear the expression ''Old C'pper 
 Canada," meaning old I pper Canada College, uttered by them in a tone of 
 fondnes.s. I need not mention what a pecidiar power the initials N.P. ha«l 
 in «)ur politicial circles a few years since, and for that matter they possess 
 much influence still. The maintenance of what is called the National Poli'jy 
 
s 
 
 is witlioiit flniiht <i iMHttiiP of \vt!i;ilit.v importance, not hs promotive of 
 imUipcndeticc of <iruat Hritain, hut only as ti'inlinj^ tn secun- iniity anion;^ 
 •Mirselvc'H as a peopK'. At tlic pre.smt nionuint, as we all know, flitii- art* 
 tlu'Di! initials oxurtin^i a considi'ralili! powt^r tliroii^lioiit Canada, vi/,.. 
 CM* |{. Anioni; tlu' older rlir^jy of Canada, tlio letti-rs S.P.t;. awaki-n to 
 this day a feilin;^ of ri'Vcn-nci- and j^ratitudc. Tln-y an- tluMnitials of 
 till) ancient Kii<^Iish Society for the 1'ropaj^atioii of the (Jospel in Forei;,ni 
 Parts, which did so nnich for the furtheranci' of tlu; hest inti-rests of the 
 Firitish colonists years a'40. Imih in Cana<la and throii;^Iiouf what is now 
 known as the Cnited States. In iiondon many years aj,'o the initials 0.|'. 
 u^presented a stirriiijj; controversy in connection with theatrical jitrairs. 
 We have all douhthiss heard of the 0. 1'. riots, which were riots anions the 
 po|iulace for the piirposi' of Itriii'^in^ ahoiit a ri'turn to the O.l'., i.r., the 
 old prices demanded for admissinii to Covi-nt JJanlen or Drnry Lane. 
 Aiiiont^ the French, diirin;^ tin- period of the lirst empire, one initial 
 sutHced, rr. , N., to stir the national spirit. .Vnioii'.^ the Romans the 
 letters S.P.(^>.ll., initials of the Latin woi<l sii^nifyinij; the senate and 
 people of Rome, seen on their military standards, were a kind of .sjicied 
 tetragrainmaton, liavin<4 a talismanii: elFect on the luinils of the .soldiers. 
 
 The ancient .lewisli lieros name Jinlas Maccalm-us, so insjiirini,' to 
 Hebrew soldiers of yore, was formed from the first letters of the words in 
 a Hebrew .sentence signifyinj^ in Knglish : "Who is like unto Thee, O 
 Lord, among the gods/" words borno on their ensigns and bucklers in 
 time of war. 
 
 Strange to narrate, our familiar hip, hip, liurrah 1 is said to have had 
 an origin connected with the dews. Hiji, or more properly hep, it seems, 
 is composed of the initials of the Ljitin words, "Hierosolyma est perdita," 
 i.e., "It is all over with Jerusalem" - the exulting cry of the mob of ,1 
 niediieval citj- while assaulting and sacking the ghetto or tpiarter inhabited 
 by the unfortunate Hebrews of the place. I could refer to other names 
 and Words in history of like origin ; for example, in the reign of Charles 
 IL the ill-sounding word cabal was formed out of the initials of the name.-i 
 of the king's ministers at a particular time, and was made use of 
 accordingly. 
 
 In Hudibras tlie absurd monosyllable ''smec" is u.sed to bring ridicule 
 on a large class of I*uritan writers of the Cromwellian period. Since it 
 apiiears, in short for " smectymniius," a [lortentous word formed from 
 the initials of the following writers : Samuel Marshall, Kdmund Calamy, 
 Thomas Young, Matthew Newconien, William Spurstow . liut t^i return to 
 
i\ 
 
 iiiir siiliji'tt. If s(•t■lll^ tci inc. as | liavi- said, tu lie vi'ry ccrtniii tlmt in tlm 
 Ileal future i!ie unity nf the empire will a'^'iiin Ik'coiiii! h wiitdiworil, jukI 
 |ierlia|i>. a war cry, liaviiij,' referonue to |»iilitie,il inturests of a far wi<U'r 
 (•xteiil tliaii tliiise wliieli exercisod tile skiiIs of our preileecs.sorH, 1777- !♦ 
 may possiMy niice uioih- atloid a i -st of a man's political prineiples, u lent 
 of his lidulity to the crown of (Sreut hrit.iin us Hevurc hh it proved to many 
 of our proifenitois, in the old orij,'iiiHl thirteen coIoniuH, iifteiwards foniiinj,' 
 the now well known Uniteil Slates of North America. The lirilish 
 puhlic are heyinniiii,' to opt^i their eyes to the fact Ihiit the British 
 Kiupire is a very niugniticent ono and (juite worthy of iniing preserved in 
 its iiitreifrity. 
 
 Confederation is the order of tlu' (hiy. The (iermaii Emitire has 
 rt;ceiitly unilied itself. The Italian pi'ople lifive just lieun under<^oini4 the 
 same pr.MHss to their great advantage. It wnuld he too had for the Mritish 
 Kmpire to ln-gin to disintegrate just at the moment when other empires 
 are so carefully consolidating tlu-mselves. Its extent is said on gooo 
 authority to l>e at this ni<imeiit that of three Kuropes, or, rightly speaking 
 nine million s<|uare miles, with a ]iopiilation, English speaking or 
 otherwise, of four hundred millions. This, of course, includes the great 
 empire of India, several vast territories over which the Hritish crown 
 t'xercise.s a protectorate. This vast empire is said to lie in receipt of 
 revenues amounting to s(Uiie two hundred and ten million pounds sterling, 
 and controls half the Hcalioine commerct' of the world, it is manifest that 
 this is an empire which ought not recklessly to he hroken up and 
 abandoned. On the contrary, every patriotic British hi^art must desire 
 its consolidation, and, if ])ossil)le, its perpetuity. One portion of the 
 great continent of North America has already been confederate<1. This 
 has been one step iiitli'- direction of a general imperial confederation, 
 'i'lie work of confederating other groujis of British colonies in other 
 i|uarteis of the globe has been actively <!oiiimenced with the same object 
 ill \ lew. This has lii-eii done with no idea of transforming these groups 
 into independent nations in the future, but only as preparatory to a 
 general coiifedt ration of the whole of them into a great empire, still 
 having the parent country as its liead(|iiarters and principal focus of the 
 .system. The moving spirits of this enterprise liave been the Lords 
 Roselieiy and Carnarvon. The death of the latter nolileman, which lias 
 occurred during the composition of this paper, is a great blow to the good 
 cause. l)ut without ihniltt a competent successor will ajipear. 
 
 Kacli group of colonies is expecteil to follow the goijd examisle set by 
 the Canadian Dominion. It is hoped that in all future time the globe 
 
will li,. y,,.f .,^ j^ 
 ^'"-vin.,f .. 7) ''"';''^"'"^ "• ".I- place .'"■"'■■' '" " "".^ 
 
 '* i" M, , " .";r "" "'' " ""<« "«•-«,,':■""■'■ 'V"" ■" "■" 
 
 ""'•". M Willi,,,, ,','"'"'"'""" '■" ""■ l«'»'- We 'l, ■ "T "'" ''-' 
 'issociations with fJ. '^''^"■' '^^ B"ti.sli .snbjecfs .„. 7 „ ' *" ^""»^' 
 
 '^PnecltheenthusiHsn, ofour 
 
forefHthers, will aj»ftin hecine n stirrm;,' wiifcliwonl Hinoncst ns. and to the 
 hwt we Nimll oikIoiivmi- t(i lU'stTvc tin- imiiu' In'sfuweil u|h>ii iis |»y tlie poet 
 'v ..c;iti.(TfmiyN..ii) wlii-n he s|.okf ..f iis hn that "Ti-uf Nnitli." iiHvuiiii« 
 tin- loyal iH'opK,. (if tliiit portion of this iiortluTii contiiifiit of Anifricd, who 
 have cdiifiniM.'d to this day linn in th»-ir atfachnn-nf to the IJiitish crr.wn. 
 Tin; liimvatt', I may add. lias, in anotiior piaii-, i-xpivsst-d in livily tt-nns 
 thu genuiiif fi-.-iini,' of tin- niotliH coinitiy towards hor sonH .scattuivd ..vi;r 
 thi- fart- of thu ^dolie. In tlu' Hi-iond stanzji of ids p<ipidar song entitled, 
 '* Hands All Round." he thus lalls upon the Hiitish piddic at large to join 
 in wishing prosperity to 
 
 "All the loyal iu-urts wIim luiij; 
 
 'I'll ko'p our Kii^disli fiii|iiri' wlinlc ! 
 
 To all our Miililc sons, tin- striin>< 
 Nfu l';n>,'-lunil iif tin- Miutlii'ni imiIc; 
 
 To KuKlaiid uiidtr Iiiiii.in skifs. 
 To those dark uiillions of hi-r ruaim I 
 To Canada, wlioui we lovf and prize, 
 " WliaU'Vcr statesnuir I I' the helm." 
 
 These are words which we in c n inon with mu' fellow- IJritish subjects 
 thronghout the world weleonie most cordially, and with them I shall 
 conclude.