\^^.:W .0^. \^ T A IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I fM IIIIIM S ■- IS 1.8 1.25 U 11.6 ^ 6" ». riioiogidpmu Sciences Corporation as WIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTIRN.Y I4SS0 (716) 873-4S03 m t # <> 6^ ^ '^ •^'^ &? w. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couieur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagee □ Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculde I I Cover title missing/ I Le titre de couverture manque □ Coloured maps/ Cartes giogrsphiques en couieur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couieur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) r~^Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ L_J Planches et/ou illustrations en couieur a n Bound with other material/ RaM avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re Mure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge int^rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever poisibie, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certainss pages blanches ajouties lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texta, mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas iti film^es. FTT Additional comments:/ The( to th L'lnsti.ut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il luk a et6 possible de se procurer. L«s details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-§tre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^thode normale de filmage sent indiquds cidessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couieur r~P(^ Pages damaged/ LLJ Pages endommagees I I Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul^es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tachetdea ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages d^tachees r~V^howthrough/ L^ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Quality inigale de ('impression r~y^lncludes supplementary material/ uLJ Comprend du materiel supplementaire □ Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible □ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partieltement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. etc.. ont itii film^es it nouveau de facon d obtanir la meilleure image possible. Thai poss of th filmli Origi begii the li sion, othei first sion. or illi The I shall TINl whic Map) diffe entir begli right requ! math Commentaires supplimentaires; Illustrations arc damaged and some detail may be lost. This item is filmed at the leduction ratio checked below/ Ca document est filmi au taux de reduction indiqui ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 2flX 30X 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 1 J2X tails du odifier une mage The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Metropolitan Toronto Library Canadian History Department The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grdce d la g6n6rosit6 de: Metropolitan Toronto Library Canadian History Department Les images suivantes ont dt6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet^ de l'exemplaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are f!>med beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the las; page with a printed or illustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couvorture en papier est imprimdn sont filmds en commenpant par le premier plat «t en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s en commenpant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —^ (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »- signifie "A SUIVRE", Ic symbcfe V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to bo entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Las cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmis d des taux de reduction diff^rent^. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Stre reproduit on un seul cliche, il est filmi d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes buivants lllustrent la mithode. rrata o lelure. 1 i2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I M1«C\>A^^mM«%t. atriAr ' b- '5» , I::AGARA i'ALLS, AMERICAN SITjE. \ N. ..".a ■■*-#3iP«^IP^-"i^-?'rJr" i::^^?^ •>-^Q&i£ 'tm ■.7 t / t \r '"kr-T"^ V"** •^' H .'.HA fa:.: "ADIAX' a ILK 'I xt n. X:r^. 'i»««-,^«» - ■'■•■1%-' - «l l*<>**'» >•— Nifcit ^W», '1 . •^Tl^ r > ,*»••:-*•• il '■i\ 't^i l i 1 IJ ;:^' s \^- r*'**J*^»Ji PiPPF C'k' llv ni ).) IV. u o. A OHISHOLM'S HAND-BOOK OP TRAVEL AND TOURIST'S GUIDE (^mU^ mA tkt %mUA f tateis. WITH Fifty lUustrations and Maps, k MONTREAL: PUBLISHED BY C. R. CHISHOLM & BRO'S T% AW YW^ A w RAIL, vv A I A«i> bifcAMBOAT NEW8 AGENTS. 1866. \1^ ■r'-*r^.?;L Tmm^ass^s^m O/ V -> t b 'w-- /S> O ri' >• *.-f # M 1 ;^ ;■_ + ^^. y-n 75 t -r- «*?^ 3t^-: sT J Ir ^S^' - v ^-g^r ^v -* ^ '^ ^^^^' w i I wam m P ..^.Af 1 1 / 1 i ■f. i:^^ v.. ,^-^, ^-.. ri*'^^»"*5'*"--' W^ \Mm :z^ 1 9 10 13 13 17 19 26 28 85 40 44 45 54 76 87 88 92 P 85 ,^,^'im'msiM. 1 4f- ■Ji-rr -■ "- ^ * lR51»S?te?ttS?-*''^'- \ I I \ ^-^ "v^-^jt^^ -1 » t t'^oiu,..,^.' "gSTSWgBiti * «■— K*-^**' ^^%iB*'lki Q' :fit jff- iJfc- : 2"f »-' .^-v^r-- M' ■•■*: M A in 1" •11^ 4 ,+ ■ - I i :i. 4; ) ^■ih. -'HO^'**)"!^. \ ' ■ .- ■- - m'fmM mm m^ ^:M3i^:^^ %. '•'^ 'ii ^ * *.?l-%«i*:^f #-#|v .* '^'^t •j? ^'' k!^*l'-i Jr. •.Hi* ;. ?""» V '% I I >• ' ^ .-v** #l». ;S. '/ i !^?«»--*Jana„,, ■^ilWl an. A'i'T.: .■.<'. lI'". ', Jt ,.'?•'• ->* ^r t : "''f .■ . -I ■ ' ' *. i :t < I Niagar Falls t( ilamilt Falls t( Toront( liOndor Toront( Lake S Toront( Kingst Lake ( Kingst TheTi Montn The IVlontn Tliree Quebe I'rip t( Quebe CONTENTS. Page. Niagara and Falls, 1 Falls to Hamilton, 9 flamilton, 10 Falls to Toronto, 13 Toronto, - • 13 London, C. W 17 Toronto to Colingwood, 19 Lake Simcoe, - 26 Toronto to Kingston, 28 Kingston, 35 Lake Ontario, U. S. Shores, 40 Kingston to Montreal, 44 The Thousand Islands, 46 Montreal, 54 The Ottawa, 76 Montreal to Quebec, 87 Three Rivers— Falls of Shawonegan, 88 Quebec and Environs, 92 I'rip to the Saguenay, 130 Quebec to Richmond, (Railwray) 135 i I (I 1 \i ir. CONTENTgr. Montreal to Richmond, (Railway) 137 Richmond to Gorham, (do) 141 The White Mountains, 155 Conclusion, 165 APPENDIX. Canadian Census, 167 Agricultural Statistics, 172 Manufactures, 175 Imports and Exports, 182 Customs Revenue, , 182 Statistical View of Exports and Imports, 183 Shipping, 184 Gross Revenue for 1855, 185 Bank Imposts — Average Circulation and Duty Paid, . . 187 Cost of Various Public Works, 188 Canals, 190 Railways — Tables of Distances, 19B I ilt I J-, I' I *' p THE CANADIAN TOURIST. N introducing our readers to the fair Province of Canada t the Falls of Niagara, we do so because it is there that e are first enabled to welcome the great tide of tourists, ho, annually fleeing from the summer heats of the Southern and Western States, or the cares of the busy [industry of the sea-board, commence the tour of the |lakes and cities of the colony— and assuredly no country in the world is entered through portals of such unspeakable : o-randeur. True, no passports are here to be vised, — no 'frowning battlements, guarded by the jealous sentry^ stop the traveller's progress, and mark bin entrance into a rorei«-n land : but nature herself h^s marked the bounaary between two kindred and friendly people by these world- renowned Falls, offering to the eye 'of the gazer a scene which neither pencil nor pen has yet adequately delineated, a scene which in its awful grandeur can never fade from the memory, but with the dissolution of memory itself. We can but bid the tourist gaze, listen and be silent, in presence of the grandest of nature's works. Singularly enough as it may seem, the prevailing feeling, on first looking on the Falls of Niagara, is— disappointment. Yet a mumenfs reflection will explain this — the mind is as it were iCVTerwhelmed— we are incapable of grasping the length, I, * t 2 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. the breadlli,tlie depth, the volume, — in short, the immensity " that the scene reveals — there is, besides, nothing that we have ever seen or dreamt of that by comparison may aid us, and the consequence is, that it is hours and days even, before eye, and ear, and sense begin to realise or compre- hend the full grandeur of the whole. Though we may not attempt the description, we shall offer a few facts as to the river and scenery, which, we doubt not, will prove of interest and service to the tourist — as well for present guidance as for future reference — availing ourselves for this purpose of a few paragraphs from " Koy's History of Canada," — a very unpretending little work, which contains an excellent account of the country in its past and present condition. " V/hilst travelling over the few intervening miles before reaching the Falls, you. can, by looking upwards, see the calm waters in the distance, whilst nearer they swell and foam, and recoil, and seem to be gathering up all their force for the mighty leap they are about to make. Mrs. Jameson, when speaking of them, says in her own beautiful manner, * The whole mighty river comes rushing over the brow of a hill, and, as you look up at it, seems as if coming down to overwhelm you ; then meeting with the rocks as it pours down the declivity, it boils and frets like the breakers of the Ocean. Huge mounds of water, smooth, transparent, and gleaming like an emerald, rise up and bound over some impediment, then break into silver foam, which leaps into the air in the most graceful and Cantastic forms.' i*t Mi^lmf^ i^ ^* tl^fflK ^h !*» 4 9Mk ■^ f* THE CANADIAN TOURIST. «» " The Horseshoe or Canadian Fall is not fjuite circular, but is marked by projections and indentations wl.ich give amazing variety of form and action to the mighty torrent. There it falls in one dense mass of green water, calm , unbroken and resistless ; here it is broken into drops, and falls hke a shower of diamonds, sparkling m the sun, and at times it is so light and foaming that it is driven up again by the currents of air ascending from tbe deep below, where all is agitation and foam. " Goat or Iris Island, which divides, and perhaps adds to the sublimity of the Falls, is three hundred and thirty yards mde, covered with vegetation. The American Fall, which is formed by the east branch of the river, is smaller than the British, and at f.rst sight has a plain and uniform aspect. This, however, vanishes as you come near, and, thouoh it does not subdue the mind as the Canadian one does" it fills you with a solemn and delightful sense of grandeur and simplicity. It falls upwards of two hundred feet, and is about twenty feet wide at the point of fall, spreading itself like a fan in falling. " An ingenious American has thrown a curious wooden bridge across this Fall to Goat Island, which you cross only a very few yards above the crest of the cataract. Passing by it, and crossing the island, you reach the extremity of the British Fall on its eastern side. Here a piece of timber projects about twelve ieet over the , u:„i. „.u can "tand safely, and view the waters as they rush by, whilst the spray dashes over you, and your frail support quivers under your feet. Here you may 4 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. follow the course of the waters as they roll from the rude confusion below you, and spread themselves out into bright, curling, foaming, green and white waves. To some per- sons, nothing at the Falls appears so beautiful as the columns of mist, which soar from the foaming abyss, and shroud the broad front of the great flood, whilst here and there rainbows peep out from the mysterious curtain." The River Niagara, wliich is only thirty-three and a half miles long, forms the connecting link between Lakes Erie and Ontario — the latter lake being three hundred and thirty-four feet below the level of the former. Above the Falls, at Table Rock, the descent has been found to be fifty-one feet, and from the boiling basin below the Horse- Shoe Fall to the level of Lake Ontario one hundred and nineteen, which thus leaves one hundred and sixty-four feet of a perpendicular fall. So far then as mere height is concerned, the Tails of Niagara are not the highest in the world. But Vi (le spectator reflect, while the solid earth trembles under his feet, while gazing on the phlegethon of seething waters lashed into one sheet of U im beneath, that into that cauldron are precipated the drainage of the immense terpitories which surround Lakes Superior^ Huron, Michigan and Erie ; lakes, or rather se^s, which, in their aggregate, cover ninety-two thousand square miles — that all this mass is compressed or forced to flow within a hannel little, if any, over a single mile in breadth, and that here, after being roused into frightful tumult by the rapids above, the whole, amid its own thunders, plunges at one bound to seek repose in the placid bosom of Lake Ontario. mm ^if^flfA-ii THE CANADIAN TOURIFT. iH. >tw «il Imagination fails to realise the immensity of what the eye gazes upon, and we begin to comprehend why Niag- ara is so unspeakably superior to ajy thing else of its kind in the known world. Add to this, for the purpose of aiding the fancy of the practical man, that, by calcula- tions based upon the depth of the water below Lake Erie, forty-two feet, and its rapidity immediately above the falls, twenty-miles an hour, it is ascertained with sufficient cor- rectness that six hundred thousand tons pass over the Fails of Niagara everv minute ! Below the Falls the formation of the hanks, which are upwards of three hundred feet high, force the river abruptly from its direct course, and its waters are again tortured, still seething from the basin above, into a wild whirlpool, which, though in a very different style, is a spectacle of surpassing wonder. Into this everything that has passed over the Falls is irresistibly swept, and from the voftex nothing seems to escape, as if it had been specially destined to destroy all trace of what had existed above — animate or inanimate — that nothing might emerge to reveal the mysteries of that dread- ful plunge. Here, in a heaving and whirling basin, sur- rounded by high dark foliaged banks, which throw a gloomy shadow beneath, the wreck of all that passes over is churned and ground to pieces ; and here, for several days successively, the dead bodies of drowned men have been seen by the horror-struck spectators, whirled round and round, with outstretched arms as if still struggling to escape from the black abyss. " The Whirlpool" is indeed a striking, but a dismal scene. Visit it, gentle reader, by THE CANADIAN TOURIST. twillMit if you would know what the poet means hy the « Hell of waters." Independently of the scenes we have thus rapidly men- tioned, there are many points of interest well worthy of the tourist's notice, and which a few days' stay at the Falls will afford him an opportunity of visiting. Among others, we refer to the Suspension and Kailway Bridges, a couple of miles below the Clifton House. The latter in particular Is a wonderful triumph of the skill of man — and the mere view of a train of cars with the steam- engine passing over the gorge from shore to shore, at a height of three hundred feet over the immense river beneath, is something almost appalling. Thousands will cross, and cross in safety ; but we believe no man will do so, for the first time at any rate, without experiencing feelino-sakin to fear ; at all events the boldest wdl breathe more freely when on terra firmcf. A close inspection of the prodigious strength of this colossal work, and the scientific principles upon which it has been constructed, will remove all grounds for reasonable apprehension ; still the position of the traveller, passing in mid-air over such an abyss, where the slightest accident would be instant destruction, will produce, reason or no reason, in most men's minds— at least " a sensation." The drives in the neighbourhood are varied, such as to Chippewa, Lundy's Lane and Queenston Heights, all points which have an historical interest from the events of the War of im^l? thp last uarticularlv has a mournful interest, both to the British and the American, as the place where the n 1 I^AW I K»«^» THE CANADIAN TOURIST. " bruve and good Brock fell in the arms of victory. A magnificent monument has recently been erected to mark the spot where the hero fell, the original moimment having been partially destroyed by gunpoivder in 1840, by a miserable miscreant named Lett. From the summit of this noble column the tourist may survey the whole scene of the battle, and an extended prospect of a magnificent country— now the abode of peace and plenty. At the mouth of the river he may see the British fort and the red cross banner floating in the breeze. On the oppoeJte side the star-spangled flag of young America waves over the batteries of the republic. In the month of October, 1813, when the sun shot its morning rays upon the autumn tinted leaves of the forest, both flags half lowered on the stafls lamented, the one a fallen chief, the other a fallen foe— the foldiers of our country in sorrow and tears bore the body of their beloved hero to his grave of honour, but the solemn minute guns which accompanied the sad procession were fired, gun for gun, as well from the American as the British Artillery. Both na- tions may be proud of such events as this, which, though the most striking example, is by no means the only one of the noble feelings which actuated both, even mid all the harsher features of a deadly struggle, x.et the Englishman visit Plattsburgh— Portland— Boston, he will find the warriors of his country there resting in honoured graves. Halifax and Portsmouth will show to the American, monuments raised by foemen's hnnds to his gaUant countrymen who hleep beneath, yei noi m a lorei^u iuuu, l^u^ jH w.v .«»-. „-. 8 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. their fathers. These are but sad reminiscences — yet where war is the theme, they are the pleasantest that we can offer ; and they, the remembrances of noble acts and generous sympathies, are all that we would care to remark of a struggle between mutual friends — the two great civil- izing powers of the globe. Hitherto we have treated our readers, as some of the old Roman writers treated their heroes ; we have laid out work enough for many days, and quite forgot that during that time rest, sleep and food were necessities of existence. All, however, may be found in luxury and abundance in the many spacious and well conducted hotels on either side of the river. We. decidedly recommend the Clifton House to the tourist, not as being better than the Interna- tional, the Cataract, or the other houses on the American side, for we know their extent of accommodation and comfort ; but because of its situation, offering at all times from its spacious galleries a most magnificent view of the Falls. And it is something, that, when fatigued with walking or driving, one can, while enjoying rest, still gaze on the sublime scene. To reach the various points of attraction which we hRve partially enumerated, carriages, and loquacious if not well-informed drivers, are in waiting at the different hotels from early morn to late in the evening. But before starting make a bargain with your Jehu, or the conclusion of your excursion will be unpleasant. If you piy a just nrlrc. Jarvev will ffrowl and nerhansbe msolent. and if vou pay to his satisfaction, you may retire to rest with the t ««•. i THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ^ pleasing consciousness of having been done brown. In fact, these gentlemen, the drivers, like all others whose gains must be made in a few months, have only one mode of charaino- for their services, and that is to extract from their victims just as much as they can stand. Tourists, to them, are but pigeons to be plucked. It would be unfair to restrict our remarks to the cairiage-drivers^ in fact they are no worse than a dozen other sets of men who infest the Falls with museums, nick-nacks, daguerreotypes^ &c., &c., to exhibit or sell to the stranger. All look upon him as fair game, and we cannot move in or around the place without paying for something— or rather nothing. The Falls to Uamiltoii, -4^ " To leave the Niagara Falls— for now that we are beginning to growl, we may as well be off— the traveller will start from the Suspension Bridge, The route west- ward is by tlie Great Western Railway, which, from this point to Hamilton, runs through a beautifully undulating country. There are several points of interest on the way : the chief place of note, however, is St. Catherines, one of the most rapidly Impro\ Ing towns in AA^estern Canada, if vre except London. It is located on a rising ground, and com- mands a fine view of the Welland Canal, and surrounding countrv for a considerable distance. St. Catherines owes its prosperity to Its close proximity to the Welland Canal, J .! r^ X "tiir__i. T>„:i...r.,r Tf tt^rta nnf Inner and ihe ureai wusicru xiumvu). iv -a.:- »« i -q since lighted with gas. Its mineral springs have be- a2 10 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. come tlie favorite report of tourists in search of health. The town of St. Catherines presents much husiness activity, particularly in flour-mills, browing and shipbuild- ing, also supporting two newspapers. It has a population of about six thousand. The Niagara District Bank has its head quarters in St. Catherines, which possessess be- sides several Bank Agencies. Leaving St. Catherines the railway passes through an old settled district, probably the wealthiest in the Western Province. A new hotel is being erected on the village plot of Ontario, within a few miles of Hamilton, which is estimated to cost £».000. The view of Lake Ontario, which is obtained from the cars, presents nothing of mter- est until reaching Hamilton, where the first object seen to !' the rio-ht is Burlini^ton Canal, as it is called, but which is rather a broad, deep cut through a singular neck or sand- bank which formerly separated Burlington Bay fiom the lake. The cut is barely half a mile in length, and is one hundred and eighty feet wide, with a depth sufficient to admit the largest class of vessels that navigate the lakes. Through this canal, steamboats enter without any stop- page, as there is no lock. At the head of this lake, or as it is termed Burlington Bay, stands the flourishing town of Hamiitoii. The City of Hamilton is one of the most beautifully situated places in Canada, with a fme background rising gradually from the bay. Its situation in a commercial point of view leaves nothing to be desired. At the head of I \ I THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 11 i I Lake Ontario, with which it communicates by the Burling- ton cana!, above mentioned, it is the inland place of import and export for one of the finest and most extensive agricul- tural districts on the continent, and, as a natural conse- quence, is rapidly rising in importance. Tn 1845 it con- tained only six thousand five hundred inhabitants, now it numbers upwards of twenty thousand, having thus more than trebled its population in ten years. The streets are wide and well laid out, while the beautiful freestone, of which the houses are built, gives the whole an appearance of beauty and solid wealth rarelj equalled. Indeed, some of the more recently built stores have an appearance of palatial elegance which we have never seen surpassed. ' The completion of the Great Wc^stern Railway within the lust year has added another sure clement of greatness to this rising and beautiful city ; placing it in rapid com- munication with t!ie many tb.riving tov/ns in its rear, as w«"ll as with tin; fai* west by Detroit, and by the Suspension Bridge at Niagara with tlie whole system of railway communication in the State of New York. The wharves, machine-shops and station of this rnilway, on the bay, are on a very extensive s(;ale, and most substantially executed at an enormous expense, — an expense, however, which the great trade on the road fully justifuis the foresight of the directors in having undertaken. Indeed, though only in its first year of optiration, it is already found inadequate to the growing demands of the trade, and a double line of rails is about to be laid down, while, at the same time, the communication bv railroad to Toronto and thence by the 12 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. Grand Trunk to Montreal and Portland, will complete it-, communications, at all seasons of the year, with the sea- board and the Lower Provinces. Thus happily placed the ambition of the good people of Hamilton may well look forward to the day when their city ^hall be the queen of Canada West— which is in reality the aim of their efforts. It supports five newspapers. In the neighbourhood of the city there are numerous fine drives. Among others we would recommend the tourist to visit the mountain in rear of the city, from which a magnificent panoramic view is obtained of the bay, Lake Ontario, and the surrounding hills which skirt the head of this lake, to the rear and west of Dundas, forming a picturesque and romantic landscape not to be excelled. Hamilton is not only of great impor- tance as a commercial city, as the outlet to a vast agricul- tural country to the West, and depot for the millions of bushels of wheat and barrels of tlour collected on its wharves, but its extensive foundries, carriage establish- ments, and various other manufactories, render it one ol the most ^ouri^hing cities in Western Canada. Five miles further westward, in a valley adjacent to the Great Western Pvailway, lies the manufacturing town of Dundas, and which is also connected with ITamdton hy the Desjardin Canal. Leaving Hamilton in the morning for Toronto by either of the fine stean»ers that now ply on this route, the 4.^„v -u— ^^o'^nhp^ W*^ ili^^tinntion in ahout two liours and a half— the distance being only forty-five miles. The boats on their trips sail pretty near the Canadian shore, a THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 13 and a good view is afforded of a country of great beauty, though without any marked features of natural scenery to attract notice. There are, however, seen, in succession, the towns or villages of Wellington Square, Oakville, and Port Credit. In the neighbourhood of the last there is an Indian reserve, belonging to the Missisagua Indians, extending for one nale on each side of the river Credit. Their village was built by Government in 1825. They have a Methodist chapel and a school attached, besides a warehouse at the Port. It is gratifying to mention that the Indians here possess Jei350 of the stock of the company that built the harbour at an expense of £2500, which might be so improved as to be rendered capable of affording refuge for any number of ships. The Falls to Toronto, Travellers desirous of leaving the Clifton House at NicK^ara Falls for Toronto direct, may take the Erie and Ontario Railway, which is fourteen miles long, for the town of Niaoara. Thence they have opportunities twice a day by the^legant steamers Peerless and Zimmerman to embark for Toronto. The time occupied between the Falls and Toronto is usually about an hour and a half. Toronto Ls at present the largest and most populous cily of Western I A Canada. The people of tlie place themselves say tnat ere long it will be the largest city in British America. 14 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. II n Hamilton, which they call the ambitious little citj, dis- putes this boast, and asserts that that honoui- is for their rising community. In the meantime, both of them have to catch Montreal, which is by no means inclined to wait for them in the race of progress. Be that as it may, the progress of Toronto has been, and continues to be, very great. Not quite sixty years ago, only two Indian families resided on the place where the noble city now stands and grows. In 1793, however, Governor Simcoe observed the favourable situation, and commenced the town wliich was then called York, a name which, ed to Toronto— signifying in the Indian huiguage. " The place of Meeting." In 1817 the population was only twelve huiufred ; in 1830, two thousand (ioht hundred and fifty 5 in lSr)0, twenty-five thousand; and now, in 185"), it amounted to iorty-five thousand and up- wards. Whatever the future may ell\;ct, it is in the meantime, in all respects, the capital of the W«}stei'n Province. In situation, as^ a haibour, it is pei'fectly protected by a long tongue of land running out and forming a natural breakwater between the bay, 'which it encloses, and the sometimes angry sea of the lake, 'ilie bay is lined nearly its whole length by wooden wharves, which, unfortunately, are the property of private individuals nd injurious to the appearance of the place, as well as insufficient for the commerce of such a city. This will \ 1 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 15 i probably soon cease to be tbe case, and harbo'U- accommo- dation, more in accordance witb the ^vealth and trade of tbe western capital, will be provided. The site of the city is nearly level from east to we^t, and has nothing attractive so far as natural beauty is con.'.erned , but it rises gradually to the north to from eighty to ninety feet abovt^the level of the bay. The streets are wide and regularly laid out, tbe prin<'ipal ones running parallel to the lake, and intersected at right angles by streets opening to the water and running inland, forming so many channels by which cool breezes have free access to al' parts of the town. The buildings are good, and even handsome ; though brick, unfortunately, is the only uiaterial that can be had, except at such an expense as to prevent private proprietors from using stone. Tt is, nevertlieless, with its gardens and public buildings, an exceedingly eleo-ant and well laid out city— well paved, well lighted with gas, but as yet poorly supplied wilh water. Since the disturbances in 1S4^9, which ended in the burning of the Parliament Houses at Montreal, the Legislature meets, at Toronto and at Quebec alternately every four years. Last year co.^menced Toronto's quadrennial honours ; but that a system so absurd should continue is of course out of the question, though token it may finally end its wanderings is a moot question. The principal public buildings, several of them built of a very beautiful freestone, are ?t. James' Cathedral English), the Catholic Church of St. Michael, tlie Univer- sity °of Toronto, tbe St. Lawrence Hall, and Market, 16 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. tlie raillament House, Osgoode Hall (the Lincoln's Inn of Up[)er Canada,) the Court House, the Post Office, the Mechanic's Institute, the Exchange, Knox's Church, the Normal and Model Schools, hesides a number of Urge and handsome City Schools, Trinity College, Upper Canada College, Lunatic Asylum and the Jail. All these buildings are worthy of the notice of iun intelligent tourist, and we particularly recommend a visit to the Provincial Normal and Model Schools. To the former of these, the Province at large is greatly indebted for tlii-^ number of admirably trained instructors of both sexes, who are annually sent forth, the good effects of whose te idling are already felt throughout the whole of Canada West. We refer the reader, however, for a more particular description of Toronto and its environs, to a work about to be published, by Mr. Armour, of Toronto. It has been got up with great care, and will satisfy the most curious as to the number, extent, and appropriations of all the public build- ings in the city. At Toronto^ the tourist, who has accompanied us from Niagara, will meet with other travellers Avho have come direct without touching at Hamilton, as well as with many who, connnencing their tour in Canada from Windsor, op- posite Detroit, have passed over the Great Western Hail- road to Hamilton, and thence to Toronto by a branch which vviji be opened ere these pages issue from the press. By this road the stranger passes through what has been with justice called the garden of Canada. Beginning at t i THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 17 -1«fc Windsor, a village at present of only five hundred inhabit- ants, and dii^ctly opposite Detroit, the road passes Chat- ham' London, Ingersoll, Woodstock, Taris, and Dundas to Hamilton, in all a distance of one hundred and eighty- six miles, and thence to Toronto, a distance of forty-five miles. Loadoii« Of the towns above mentioned London, is the largest, containing a population of twelve thousand inhabitants. It is beautifully situated on the River Thames, and being in the heart of one of the richest agricultural countries in the world, is destined to become also a city of great importance. Besides its present advan- tages, it will, ere a few months are over, have railway communication with Port Stanley, Goderich, Guelph and Toronto— the first on Lake Erie, the second on Lake Huron. There is no place in Western Canada which has improved in a greater ratio than London. It is one of those inland situations in the heart of the very best farm- ing districts in the Province. It is nearly in the centre of the western peninsula of Canada, than which a richer and more productive soil does not exist on the American Con- tinent; It may be said to be comparatively a new piace and a new country, and yet the market of London teems with all the substantial blessings of life. In 1820 the present site of the city of London was a wilderness, in which the red man, the wolf, and the deer roamed at large undisturhed. By the influence of civilization it is now a flourishing and ;? 18 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. populous city. It already contains a number of splendid buildings, amongst which are a beautiful Town Hall, an excellent Market-House, several large Hotels, num- erous Churches, amongst which is a beautiful gothic structure belonging to the English Church, with a chime of bells, the only one in Upper Canada — they can be heard for tniles round the city, reviving the endearing re- collections of the settler's boyhood. London is, like Hamilton, Toronto^, and indeed all the rising towns of Canada, laid out in wide streets and remarkably well built. Unmistakable evidence is every- where presented of its flourishing state. About three hundred new houses are, while we write, in course of erection. Being the centre ot a rich agricultural district there is a large trade carried on in wheat and other produce, while in various manufactures it is making rapid progress — several iron foundries are in successful operation, and to one of them an extensive boiler-making establishment has been added ; and there are grist mills, brewries, tanneries, carriage factories, and other important works, all apparently profitably engaged. London is a port of entry, so that, among other advantages which its trade enjoys, goods may come direct through the United States under bond. So rapidly has the commerce and trade of the town developed itself that no fewei than five agencies of the principal Provincial Banks have been established : four newspaners, eniovinof a 20od share of public support, are carried on ; and the public and private seminaries for the education of youth enjoy a good repu- tation. The climate is remarkably salubrious. f THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 19 We might direct the tourist's attention to other places on this route, Chatham and Woodstock in particular; but he will be more forcibly attracted b) the rich and beautiful appearance of the country through which he passes, and thence easily understand how so many large and opulent villages and cities are presented to his observation — cities whose influence, in a commercial point of view, is increasingly felt not or, in Boston and New York, but in the most distant markets of the ^v^orld, for, owing to the riches that can buy and the facilities for transit, the necessaries and luxuries of the world are to be found in abundance in this y^t barely opened country. Toronto to ColHiigwood. Returning to Toronto, where we have now congregated our readers from so many different quarters, we must in mercy to the hotel-keepers, if for no other reason, start our friends on their eastv^ard wanderings; but not till we suggest a trip to the north to such as have the leisure and desire to see a little of the country in its original wild beauty. This opportunity is now offered by the Ontario, Simcoe and Huron Railway, which runs in a northerly direction, a distance of ninety-six miles, to the newly founded town of Collingwood, on Nottawasaga Bay. On tliis route the country, as far as Lake Simcoe, of which a good view is obtained from the cars, is well settled, and ii •! !. -__, II., ^,r..r.llrt.^<- . V»P^ nfii^»r nn«<5incr Hollands tne sou lis ^enciuii} caucsIuiu , uut «»»--. j- — -> ^ Landing, the road is almost entirely tiirough the forest. Collingwood itself is rather a town in esse than in actua 20 THE CAJSADIAN TOURIST. existence ; but from its situation, and the new trade now opened up,thei ' cannot be a doubt that, ere five years are over, it will reckon its inhabitants by thousands, and that long before the stumps have vanished from its streets, it will claim rank as a city. The railway has been only opened within tiie past year, and already the number of travellers passing by this route for Chicago and Milwaukie, give full employment for four large steamboats, which daily ply to these places, besides two other boats which trade to Sault Ste. Marie, at the entrance of Lake Superior. In fact this route is rapidly growing in public favour, as will be easily understood, when it is mentioned that the saving of distance from New York, Boston or Portland via Oswego, Toronto, and Collingwood to Chicago or Milwaukie, is no less than four hundred miles, with a saving of time, money and personal fatigue in proportion. These advantages have already crowded the road with passengers and freight — the latter, owing to the operation of the reciprocity treaty, increasing to a degree utterly unlookod for. The distance from Toronto to Collingwood is accomplished in four hours, and, if the reader will consult the map, he will perceiv^^ that the tourist or emigrant bound for the Far West has, in this brief time, cut off from his journey the whole tedious voyage up Lake Erie, Detroit iliver, Lake and River St. Clair, with all the lower half of Lake Huron. The immense advantages of the road are thus summed up by the lively and observing correspondent of an American paper, the International Journal : — THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 21 « The Collingwood route is the result of Canadian enterprise. It opens up a pathway to the West over Canadian territory, avoiding the tedious route rcund the Lakes, securing expedition, a reduction of expences and increased comfort-facts of no little importance to ship- pers emigrants, and pleasure parties. Goods from the eastern cities, marked via Oswego, will at that port have the attention of the Company's Agent, Mr. James N. Brown, who is always on the spot, to prevent delays, and secure expedition ; a systematic arrangement has heen established, to secure dispatch, over the entire route. Families emigrating west will also appreciate the impor- tance of this route, while tourists travelling for pleasure, must note its unequalled attractions, ' as, (to quote a good authority) night travel on the entire line will be performed on steamboats luxuriously furnished, and the day-hght passed amidst the sublime scenery of the Great Lakes, embracing the Straits of Mackinaw, the Man.toul.n Islands, Sault Ste. Marie, and the Million Islands of Georgian Bay. The Branch route connectmg with Lake Superior, gives access to all the hitherto little explored magnificence of that region." To the foregoing remarks, which point out the natural elements of we»lth and progress in a new country, we add a few extracts from one of a series of articles in BlackwoocTs Magazine, attributed to the pen of Mr. Oliphant, late Secretary to Lord Elgin-a gentleman whose graphic style renders his writings particularly interesting. It will be observed, however, that he tra- ? 22 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. vels only a part of the road bj the railwaj, which In fact was not finished at the time of his visit in 1S54. To those inclined to see a little rough life and the wild ^lo^U of the Canadian rivers and lake shores, the articles in Blackwood will be foiuid exceedingly interesting —meantime we present the reader with one or two speci- mens from this author's pages. Leaving Toronto, he says : " I have seldom seta a more smiling, prosperous-look- ing district than that through which we passed on our way to Lake Simcoe. Substantial farm-houses, with neat well-built offices, were planted in the midst of orchards and gardens, and afforded presumptive evidence that their thriving occupants had reaped many rich harvests from the acres of wavi .g corn-fields through which we sped, and upon which not even i stump was left to remind the rail- way traveller how short a time had elapsed since the solitary Indian was the only wayfarer through the silent and almost impenetrable forests that then clothed the country. Now, there is little to distinguish it from many parts of England. Snake fences are certainly not so agreeable a feature in a landscape as hedge-rows, and there is an unfinished look about the cultivation, and a want of economy of land, which would probably scandalize an English agriculturist. However, although land has become very valuable in most of the counties of Upper Canada, it is not yet so precious as to call for an exercise of the same ingenuity for rendering it elastic which is praci our own c ountry, THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 23 «■» f <« In two In urs and a half we reached Grasspoint, a village upon the shores of Lake Simcoe, where a small steamer was waiting to convey us to Orillia. The lake is studded with islands, and well settled, though the scenery is nowhere striking. A channel so narrow that it is spanned by a bridge connects Lake Simcoe witli Lake Couchiching. Passing through it, we wind among wooded islands untd we reach the beautifully situated settle- ment of Orillia, containing a church and number of neat white houses and stores, altogether a perfect specimen of a backwood village in rather an advanced stage." From Orillia, tl) author with his companions, four in number passed in two birch bark canoes down the Severn, a distance of about sixty miles, to Georgian Bay and thence to Oyllingwood by steamer. The river is naviga- ble only for canoes, and, except by sportsmen, is as yet rarely visited. " In our eyes, its solitary character and the romantic scenery on its banks were its principal attractions. Having reduced our luggage to the smallest possible dimensions, and put our fishing-tackle into good order, it only remained for us to make ourselves comfortable by spreading a quantity of plucked fern and juniper branches at the bottom of our canoes. B. and I reclined sumptu- ously in one, with about as much accommodation as a ship's hammock would afford to two moderately stout individuals. However, as we were less likely to upset by being so closely jammed together that we could scarcely move, we i t t u w so ar CO pa agi the wai an bee Can oft prac 24 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ("Thunderbolt"), who knelt at the bows -^ Hdled Ld his brother Kabeshquum (" Tr.u.phant ) w^o steered. The other canoe contained Captain A , to: experience in such expeditions and kno^edge^ the Indian character and language were most valuable !nd Babehwum (" Snow-storm"), whose son, as an exem- 1!1 or thl effect or civiU.ati. :„d fith all sail set, we glided rapidly on some -me^ hre'ading our way through "a-w Cannes p. ow wooded Islands, until in about two hours we found our- selves upon the j-reen waters of the Severn. « Lake Simct is the highest of the Canad.an lakes havin. an elevation of seven hundred feet above he level of the^sea. The scenery at the point of dehouchure ... : y b autiful. Masses of rich variegated fol ,ge Cot e he banks, and bent over until the rU-er "PP'^'^ -n^ 1^ leaves. Often dark shadows reached across .t, or were chequered by sunbeams glancing through the ranch, upon the clear and singularly light-coloured water. A I proceeded, we exchanged for the calm surface of the lake and the islands which seemed to rest on .ts bosons, reck and rapid, until at last the torrent became too tumul- us for ou'r /rail canoes. Meantime we had not been ngagedonlyin enjoying the beauties of nature we had adLted the usual mode of trolling in this part of the wor d aaopieoi. ^_ ^ t.„uf,n„- ranidlv through the with copper-spoons, wni*-", w.,--o -, ^ rater, fled a bright and attractive bait ; so that, upon THR CANADIAN TOURIST. 25^ iddled, , who A—, edge of lable — I exem- ements, ^as fair, urpose ; metimes last low Lind our- an lakes, the level 'Hire was e clothed mong the ^ or were branches iter. As ice of the ts bosom, too turnul- [ not been •e, we had [ the world irough the that, upon arriving at the first portage, we congratulated ourselves- upon the prospect of lunching off half-a-dozen black bass, weighing from two to five pounds each ; while the Indians^ were engaged in culinary preparations. " We were up before dayh'ght on the following morning and, after a good fish breakfast, were again on our way. I had scarcely thrown in my trolling-line, when it was nearly jerked out of my hand by a most unexpected and violent tug. A bark canoe is not the most convenient place from which to play a large fish ;. and in my inexpe- rienced eagerness I hauled away pretty steadily, bringing to the surface with some difficulty a fine maskelonge, weigh- ing at least twenty-five pounds. He came splashing and plunging up to the side of the canoe, and I had lifted him out of water when the hook gave way, and I lost as fine a fish as T ever had at the end of a line. However, I was consoled soon after by taking some fine pickerel, weighing from five to eight pounds each ; and before luncheon hooked another maskelonge, when B., profitting by ex- perience, was ready with his gaff-hook, and jerked him most scientifically into the canoe, much to the delight of the Indians. Though not nearly so large as the first, he was a respectable fish, weighing about eighteen pounds. The scenery in the place was bold and rocky, the banks often lofty and precipitous, and the current always strong, with an occasional rapid. We lunched at a portage, which we were obliged to make in order to avoid the falls of the Severn, which are about twenty-five feet in height, and surrounded by line scenery. There are rapids above and a3 1 THE CANAMAN TOUMST. c c p th m an be( Ca of pra< 26 n ^g^^el between the uppev ""5 >°''^' fifty feet." _, ^ ..^ room for move extracts 'Weregretthatwecanno-al ^^^^^ „„, ,,e I^orth from these interestmg " ^?^^; ^ ^^,, thing by recom- U State.;' but .ed.^.^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^,,,., of our "1"'"^ t^r::^:- oi the fouo... -rus o^ readers, ^na m a late traveller on Lake Siincoe. ^ ^^ train, and the steamer o thejak ^^^ ^^^^.^^^ ^^^.y eitizens of Toronto can eav e ^ ^^^ ^^,„,„ ,ome m a .est deUgbtfu^ sad -o-J ^^ ^.^^.^ers a little more the evening, fi^^'^oll Barrie on Friday evenmg leisurely, we left fo-^ ^° ,^^, ,,„, that surpr.sed at half past three oclocW. ^^^^ ^^^ ^..j. It „,, the amount of tra%ci g, & steamer ritlbeeveninglorthepass.^^^^^^^^^^^ ;, Milwaukie and Clucago, --^J^\ and con- cars filled with passengers. . ^^^ ^^^^j^^,, ^en- versation showed them to be ^rme ^^ ^^ .^^^^ ^„, , , 1 „uited Toronto durmg •■ ■" were returning a>.^. -■■_ - ^^^^^ ^t the nca.. ^. Barrie is a fine thrwmg town ^^^^ ^.^^^^^ ICempenfelt Bay, the western arm I a t J THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 27 sen lan icts orth ;om- our of a Huron of the hat the , enjoy home in Lie more evening surprised oad. It e steamer four large and con- aess men- isiness and 1 ,.~;i nf ie ii'^ii" •^- ce Simcoe. I There is an excellent hotel there kept by -a fine specimen of a Canadian Boniface, When the heats of next summer are upon us, we know of no place we would sooner recom- mend to our citizens for a summer retreat for a few months than Barrie. The air is pure and bracing, the water ex- cellent, the fishing and hunting all that could be desired and Barrie needs only to be known to become a crowded summer resort. During the past summer a very fine steamer, the /. C. Morrison, has been built, more espe- cially to accomodate the pleasure seekers from Toronto and others cities. There is also some trade around the lake which she is designed to accommodate. The lake itself is a perfect gem " of the purest water" surrounded with forests, with here and there an island reposing upon its quiet bosom. It is some fifty or sixty miles long by thirty wide, and taken all in all, is said to be one of the most beautiful lakes in North America. As our noble steamer bore us along we could not help imagining its quiet waters vexed by the trade of the Northwest if the Georgian Canal should hereafter make it a highway for the commerce of the West. If it should be constructed so as to pass vessels of a thousand tons burthen, scores of steamers will pass throuoh this beautiful lake bearing to and from the sea- board the immense traffic of the upper Mississippi Valley. The steamer Morrison is commanded by Capt. Fraser, who is well worthy of the iuiportant position with which he is entrusted. el 28 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. Our trip north ended at Orilia, a snug little town at the foot of the lake. The railroad from the lake to Toronto crosses the ridges, and we wonder not that those who have passed over it regard the project of constructing a Ship Canal from Lake Simcoe to Toronto as wild and chimerical. For some reason— a good one no doubt — the railroad is not located up the valley of the Humber and across the low ridge found between it and the Holland by Mr. Tully. Tbe route for the canal is west of the railioad." Toronto to Kfiigstoiit Returning from the backwoods and wild scenery of the North, and having enjoyed the rest and luxuries of a night at RussePs Hotel, we resume our journey to the East on board of one of the comfortable Lake steamers. On this voyage, as before, the vessel keeps the Canadian shore, to use the nautical expression, " well on board," so that the fully settled country, with its cleared farms and cheerful houses and barns, passes like a panorama before the eye. The pretty town of Port Hope has a good har- bour, though no great depth of water, and having also excellent water power, it promises to become of considerable manufacturing importance ; even now its hydraulic power is made available for the machinery of numerous extensive mills, breweries, distilleries, cloth, iron Qrii'i lt»n^M£»v« rvirj mi lo n<-ii»»/->o T»-« r% A Al4^' ^.^ *— 4^1-. — 1 liiivt jvuLiivi tiiUiiuiuvLUt ca. JLli auUiiiUii IV liJL'SU iX I'dVU^G trade in lumber has, of late years, sprung up for export I 1 i THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 29 to the United States. Its present population is upwards of three thousand. The trade with the United States is also rapidly increasing, not only indeed from it, but from all the ports along the lakes in Upper Canada, and from the Lower Province, as will be seen when we come to speak of the Ottawa and the St. Maurice". Port Hope is about sixty-five miles from Toronto, and seven miles further down lies Cobourg, which has a remarkably fine appearance from the lake. The Town of Cobourg is built upon a gently rising ground, on a dry gravelly soil, and is exceedinglv healthy. Its present population is nearly five thousand. Here are the most extensive cloth manufactories in the Province, —there are also considerable manufactures in iron,' leather and marble, with mills, breweries and distilleries—' and the general business activity of the place is great. The country in rear is rich in all the productions of agricul- ture, besides iron, marble and timber. It has daily communi- cation with Peterboro' by railroad, thirty miles, where a large lumber business is carried on. The principal buildings in Cobourg are the Jail and Court House a little way out of town, and the Victoria College, which was established in 1842, by Act of the Provincial Legislature, with power to grant degrees in the arts ,-nd sciences. Al- though built under the direction of the Wesleyan Metho- dists, it is entirely free from sectarianism. At Port Hope or Cobourg we would recommend such as are disposed to see the country, to leave the boat and take the land journey thence through a fine country, to the i t^ I 30 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. head of the Bay of ^uinte. This is a most singular arm of Lake Ontario — commencing nearly at Kingston, and runnina' in a zio-zao- course, between fertile and beaiititul banks for eighty-miles, it nearly rejoins the lake at its western extremity, and forms the beauliful peninsula of Prince Edward. Sometmies this remarkable bay contracts its waters into channels scarcely a quarter of a mile in breadth, and again suddenly opens out into broad lake-like basins. The shores are thickly settled, and in many places the situations are of gi-eat beauty. Several nne streams discharge their waters into the Bay, of which the Trent, after a winding course of nearly one hundred miles from Rice Lake, is the principal. By this river a very large quantity of both sawn and square timber llnds its exit — chiefly supplied from the chain of lakes whence tlie Trent takes its rise, of which Rice Lake is the principal. Belle- ville, Trenton and Picton are the principal towns on the Bay of Quinte. Though the two first named in parti- cular are but of very recent growth, they already contain respectively six thousand and one thousand five hundred inhabitants. Belleville, situated on the Pwiver Moira, where it discharges itself into the Bay of Quinte, is favourably situated for trade, and promises to be a place of great importance. It already manufactures and ex- ports to the American market large quantities of lumber. It is laid out in wide straiglit streets, and commands a beautiful view over the bay, and the surrounding country, and is one of the must picturesquely situated as well as handsomely budt towns in Upper Canada. THB CANADIAN TOURIST. 31 On the top of a mouiitaiu near Picton, on the remarka- ble peninsula of Prince Edward, there is a lake which, according to the popular idea, cannot be fathomed, and is said by others, professing to be well informed, to be on the same level with the bed of Lake Erie, which would make its depth, provided its surface be on the level of the sur- face of the same lake, about three hundred and fifty feet. At Tyendenaga, on the north-east of this bay, there is a very interesting settlement of Mohawk Indians, who separated from their nation in the State of New York about 1784. In 1793 they received from the Crown a large grant of land. In 1820 they surrendered nearly one-third in exchange for an annuity of JGloO. In 1835 they made a further surrender in trust to be disposed of for their benefit ; so that their possessions do not now ex- ceed sixteen thousand eight hundred acres. They live for the most part on detached faims scattered over the reserve. They have about fifteen hundred acres cleared, and about five hundred under tiHao'e. There have been some instances of successful indnstrv amonof them. A chief, named Hill, left by will at his ueath a few years ago con- bideiable possessions to particular members of his famdy, who are at this day in full enjoyment of them. One of hts "' .IS, who is Catechist to the Missionary, recently built a \vharf and commenced business as a jieneral trader amono- bis brethren, in partnership with a white man. They possess stock and agricultural implements corresponding to their progress in husbandry. They were Christians long before their arrival in Canada, and were presented wiih a 32 T4E CANADIAN TOURIST. service of plate for communion as far back as the reign of Queen Anne. This they look upon v:' h great respect, and the chief, in whose custody it remains, is always well pleased to exhibit it to the traveller. They are attached to the Church of England, and, their place of worship having become too small for the congregation, they some years ago erected a commodious stone church, the expense of which was defrayed out of their own funds. A Missionary was first appointed in 1810 by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts. Their late excellent Missionary reported that during his incum- bency they had made a gradual J^dvance in morals, piety, and industry. They support a school-master out of the produce of certain small rents, which they receive and manage themselves. Their number is about four hundred. It is highly gratifying to the Christian philan- thropist to mark such progress among the descendants of the ancient proprietors of the Amencan soil. — Between the Peninsula of Prince Edward and Kingston lies Amherst Island, so called after Lord Amherst, one of the Generals in command of the British forces in 1760 when Canada was transferred to Bi'tain. It was origin- ally granted to Sir John Johnson lor military services. The Earl of Mountcashel now owns the principal part. The land is very good, and the tenants are in comfortable circumstances. — It is worth remarking here that the real settlement of Upper Canada took place in 1783 at the close of the first American war. At that time many inhabitants of the United States, who had adhered to THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ns Britain during the unfortunate contest, sought refuge within Canada. As they were generally in a very destitute state^ the Government treated them liberallv, and alTorded them the utmost possible compensation for their losses am- sutTerings. T ^th this view the whole land aiono; the St. Lawrence ab. e the French settlements to, and around, the Bay of Quint6, was formed into townships. The settlers were termed tlie United Empire {V\ E.) Loyal- ists, and besides an ample supply of land, received farming utensils, building materials, and subsisttince for two years ; and every meiiiber of their families, on attaining tiie age af twenty-one, had a donation of two hundred acres. From Mr. Oliphant, the author we have alieady quoted so freely, we make another extract descriptive of the Bay of Quinte : — *' The tourist would do well to spend a day in visit- ing Belleville. Nothing can exceed the beauty of the singularly-formed Bay of Quinte. For eighty miles he follows the windings of this magnificent sheet of water, at every turn disclosing some new charm : now past well- cultivated shores swelling gently back from the water's edge, where settlers, long since attracted by the beauty of the situation, the fertility of the soil, and tie conve- nience of water-carriage, have planted themselves, and where comfortable farms, well-stocked orchards, and waving fields of grain, attest the existence of a laige and thriving population, and add to the attractions of nature the agreeable accompaniments of civilised life ; now a deep bay runs far into the interior, and the numerous white sails V I * lei 34 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. •(I with which it is dotted are certain indications that at its head there is a prosperous town ; while occasionally lofty wooded banks rise abruptly, and give a bolder character to the scenery. I ascended one of these, to visit a singular tarn about two hundred feet above the level of the'^bay, called the Lake of the Mountain. It has no known outlet, and is only separated from the^brow of the hill upon which it is situated by a ridge a few yards across. From this narrow ledge a singular view is obtained. Upon the one hand, and on a level with the spectator, the little lake lies embosom " ip wood ; upon the other, he looks down upon ,d^ nnth of devious channels, forming part of the ecct.i.. .c Bay of Quints, and intersecting in every direction a richly diversified country, sometimes gleaming behind maple woods bright with autumnal tints, sometimes encircling extensive clear- in|>s. Cer^ain^ Prince Edward's county, on which this lovely spot is situated, is highly endowed by nature ; and the XJ. E. Loyalists, who made it their home, displayed unexceptionable taste." Resuming the journey by steamboat down Lake Ontario from Cobourg, the tourist's attention is first arrested by the City of Kingston, distant from Toronto one hundred and sixty-five miles, and one hundred and ninety-eight from Montrenl. Here we shall meet those who lepa'I'atod from us to take the route by the ^^ay of the Bay of (Juinte and Bellevilh%--from which town steamboats, in ail respects comtbrtable and we"!l appointed, leave for Kingston every day. And we must not dismiss T ¥ .* ^-^!' :r^. T I \ ■■■^^■ 'i^'^i ■*fc*' ._-.jjf;_i]^' u •'^•fiSfe^j -'M'J''^^ rv-^ t I ll ' .,-^«. /■ rtc 1 - ■■!) y , 1 ..' \ I ^ ,1 :- .1 i^ :: • ^ W''^^'' ■'>'^-**?' -^iH S^- '''■'^^■^-m^''^^;:i^"'^ij^^<^ O.Vi. -(' • -• ■ - ^. Ori;.ur :nPE FAi.r '■• 1 -TTAWA. I .K '■X^': A w-f., ^^fr^^:::4 m- - ■ • A, •- > ■ ' ' r, «;., •' ■ , - " ■.'TTAWA. ,^- "-^^fiN, .-r c 'A* ftJI V.' n^f^r .his part ( on the Ba sure excu jver, her( frhis city issociate* idvantag t once a lit is inde line of h Tom the tble nav jjudgmeni [trade th Kingstor name of jthe Indi£ Iforming tenac, ai passed w From F ness, im sometim savage ] ments aj and to ] America J THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 35 t ,his part of our subject without again recommeDcUng a sail an the Bay of Quinte as one of the most interesting plea- sure excursions which the Canadian waters afford. How- jver, here we are, from all routes, met at Kingston. Irhis city, although perfectly modern in its appearance, is associated with the earliest history of North America, its idvantageous situation both for trade and defence having t once attracted the attention of the French discoverers. It is indeed remarkable that from Tadousac up the whole tine of lake and river navigation to the far west, down from the sources of the Mississippi to New Orleans, these kble navigators and engineers selected, with unerring Ijudgment and foresight, the best points for settlements or rade throughout this immense and then unknown region. [Kingston originally was occupied as a small fort under the 'name of Cataraqui, for the purposes of the fur trade with the Indian tribes. To the English of the Colonies, now forming the United States, it was better known as Fron- tenac, and was the scene of more than one siege ere it passed with all Canada into the power of Great Britain, From Frontcnac, where the opposite shores were a wilder- ness, many of those bloody expeditions set out, which, sometimes penetrating through tracks only known to the savage Indians, fell like a thunder clap upon the settle- ments as far south even as the present City of Albany ; and to revenge their inroads, the warlike fathers of our American brothers in their turn, with amazing persever- 36 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ance and courage, often appeared before the walls of tlie old fort. Nor is it witliout interest we mention that Washington, the father of the Eepublic, gained his first experience in these frontier wars, and though perhaps never actually engaged under its walls, distinguished him- self in repulsing an armj which, a few weeks before, had been armed and equipped from Fort Frontenac. King- ston however, as Kingston, was only founded in 1783, and as late as 1830, was spoken of by Bouehette as the " largest and most populous town of Upper Canada ;" having at that time, according to the same author, a population of five thousand five hundred souls. Though possessing many advantages which gave promise of future greatness, it has been far outstripped by other towns farther west, and now contains in 1855 only fifteen thou- sand — a rate of progress, great in the eyes of Europeans, but by no means satisfactory to the American or Canadian. Nevertheless, Kingston is a thriving city, and if not rapid, in comparison with Toronto or Hamilton, its pro- gress is steady and secure — a progress which the con- struction of the Grand Trunk Ptailway, and its immediate vicinity to the States, not to speak of the increase of its back population, will doubtless tend greatly to augment. The point of greatest interest to the stranger will be the fortification of Fort Henry, on a hill to the eastern side of the entrance of the llideau Canal. This is a strong place, and together with two Martello towers off the town, protects the harbour very efficiently. A battery to throw red hot shot defends the city, and on the eastern I i I ." »r*^-Oi I THE CAXADlAiV TOURIST. 37 pnrt of tl,e harbour, are fortifie.! barracks, and tbe Navv yard-tbe latter entirely unused, and the formed occupied hy a detachment of the Canadian Rifles. At this place the navigation of the Iliver St. Lawrence properly commencos, and the passengers are transferred from the lake steamers into a class of vessels drawing less water and calculate to run the rapids as well as pass through he canals below. The harbour is well protected, and is f ''-t on the lakes, there being good anchorage or shi drawmg eighteen feet water clo.e ,o the wharfes. Th was lor many years the principal depot of the Royal ]Navy, but now, except for the existence of the fortsTnd e ..rracks, which show what it was and might gl _ The principal local industry of Kingston is shipbuilding, '" '^''" ' 7^'-""-' "'-^ - a great deal done, chiefly o ourse m lake craft and stean.ers, though Capt. Gask of .ngstpn and Mr. Hayes, of Torontt hav recently set tl e example of building ships, which, after descend.ng the fet. Lawrence and making the voyage to England are now engaged i„ the foreign trade of Great Britain 'ihe tonnage of steamers and schooners owned in Kingston 's upwards of seven thousand. There are two M ^ail-ways, one for hauling out ve^elsorrilrd oarges. At Portsmouth Harbour, n I.-f^e to -' - ^ es the Pr^i^eia, reniteutia,;V'vi:;;1o^U;:;;,^i -l-t«on of the internal an.n,^^^^^^^^ / 1^ y h ,e 38 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. appoint the traveller. It is a laroe stone buildino-, surrounded by a high and most substantial stone wall with towers at the corners. The arrangements are so com- plete that escape seems impracticable, but on one occasion the ingenuity of a coptive found means of breaking through the solid walls, and effected a final escape. Blacksmiths, cabinet-makers, carpenters, shoemakers, tailors, &c., are busily employed in different workshops. The silent system is pursued except in necessary intercommunication at work. Perseverance in good behaviour entitles in remarkable cases to a discharge some years before tlie expiration of the term of confinement. It seems that tliere are not a few in- stances of convicts becom.* g inmates again but a short time after receiving their liberty ; so irresistible is the force of habit, when subjected once more to temptation. The cells are so arranged that each keeper has a great number of prisoners, apart from each other, completely under his eye in his round, and can at all times ascertain, without being perceived, whatjs going on. The west wing of the Pen- itentiary, formerly used for military prisoners, has been fitted up for criminal lunatics, and accomodation is provided fo;- seventy-four patients. The arrangement for lunatics within the Penitentiary is however a temp- orary one, and it is intended to build a permanent Lunatic Asylum to accomodate a hundred and fifty patients, upon land, which overlooks the Penitentiary, and which was selected by Lord Sydenham, when he was at Kingston, as the sitf» for thp nmnncorl nr»l'«..►^rv^r^.^+ TJ^.,,.„ \T the Penitentiary are baths and mineral springs, which have T o r^' u MniS9i THE OANADIAN TOURIST. 39 been miali frequented. In llie neiobboiu-liooil is an ex- tensive brewery and distiilerj. Its forges and machine shops are asuong the hirgebt in Canada. It has also a large founur)' and shop for the manuAicture of iocomotiv^^s. Kingston returns one member to Parliament. The University of Queen's College, situated at Kiniv. ston, ivas founded by Royal Charier of IJer present i^Iolt Gracious :^Jajtsty, 16th October, ISU, and is supported by Parliamentary grants, and endowments contributed by private libei-ality. It comprises Faculties of TIieo!o:;y, Arts, and Medicine, and has a stall of eleven professo^rs! The College, which is a large and handsome building, is on a rising ground fronting the lake. It has a library, philos- ophical apparatus, and museum. From its central situation, and tlie reputation which this University, as a seat of learning, has acquired, the number of matriculated students attending it is annually increasing. In the session of 1854-55, eleven graduated in arts, and eleven in medicine. The College School i& taught in a separate building in the City, and is very efTiciently conducted. The Uni- versity of Queen's College, though the educational instit- ution of the Scottish Church in Canada, is open to students of all denominations, without distinction, exclusion or preference of any kind, and individuals of all denominations Lave attended, and from year to year attend it. No test is required either on admission, or on graduation ; and while those entrusted with its management have ever held that the youthful mind ought to be imbued with those great '^^H doctrines of Christian principle, and practice, in whic^h all r s e d! e tsl 40 THE CANADIxlN TOURIST. are agreed, there has never been the slightest interfeiei.ce with the denominational peculiarities of any. Besides Queen's College, Kingston enjoys the benefit arising from its being the head quarters of various other educational establishments, such as the Colleire of [leo-io polis, (Roman Catholic) the G-rammar School, Queen's Colh?ge Preparatory, and the Common Schools. There are fifteen Churches belonf;,ing to different denominations of Christians. In 1853 the opening of a Railroad from Cape Vincent, (U. S.,) (opposite to Kingston) to Rome, where it con- nects with the general railways of the United States, has tended much to develope the resources of Kingston and the adjacent country. Lake Ontario,— American Shore. Before descending the St. Lawrence and biddino- fare- well to lake Ontario, for the sake of the tuuii.st who may prefer to steam along the American or Southern shore of the Lake, we shall furnish a few particulars. From the outlet of the Niagara at tlie Fort of that name to the boundary line 45^, the entire littoral is in the State of New York, and comprises in succession the counties of Niagara, Orleans, Monroe, Wayne, the northern corner of Cayuga, Oswego, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence. The last along its entire western frontier, and a half of Jeffer- or4r4 l^p'irif OVJli -t-,' T^ i i um r on Niagara to the mouth of the Genesee River in Munroe County, a di:^rG*;icc of about eHity-fivc iiiileb, the coatt THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 41 presents nn almost umlevialing 1cm el under the primeval brusii-w(io(l, lelievcd by a few scattered clearances. Should the? tourist on ascendini: the Genesee to Carthagre ft'^* wliich is tlie poit of fvOCHESTER, resolve upon visiting this city, he will find enough to engage and gratify his curiosity till he resumes his iournev by the next steamer. The road for a mile from Tarthaa't; has been excavated to the deiith of f[ oin sixty to eighty i'eet, and in some parti overhangs the i'ugged bituks of the river to an equal height, so that tiie stranger on his retutn, as he is Ijorne along in the om- nibus, from its peculiar construction making a regular al- ternation of jolls fro^n side to side, notwithstanding the romantic scenery canno* help yiehling to an uncomfortable impression of danger. An Englishman in 1810, having penetrated many mih^s into the bush, was struck with the water advanta2:es which the Genesee alTorded, and select- ed for his loghou^s a portion of the localit) which the wide-spreading Rochester now fills up. Some idea may be formed of its astonishing progress from the fact, that the population, which in 1825 was 5,271, and in 1840 20,191, amounts now to about 45,000. This large com- mercial and manufacturing town owes its greatness mainly to the^-water privileges'' which the proprietors on theb;jnks of the Genesee here possess. For a considerable way above the Upper Falls, the banks are on both sides surmounted | by a great variety of mills. Its proximity to Lake Ontario, and the passage of the Erie Canal through its! principal streets, contribute materially to its prosperity. A frontage on the river fetches a high price, as from the 42 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. nature of the situation a supply of water from tlio canal or race can in many cases be rendered available twice or thrice. The aqueduct, by means of which the Canal crosses the ilver, is fA;y\it hundred and four feet loner, contains ten acres, and is finished o(T in a most substantial manner. The vast produce of the. Genesee Valley, which stretches sixty or seventy miles, and is unsurpassed in fer- tnity even on this Contment, is conveyed thitlier by the ; Genesee Canal, and thence to Albany, kc The passa>re of the great Erie Railroad has contributed its share. The ^ Upper Falls are about one hundred feet in hefoht, and, I though much diminished in efhoct by buildinnrs, still present a magnificent view. In their waters the fV)ol-hardy Sam Patch, buoyed up by one successful plunge in them on a li previous occasion, as well as by two at Niagara Falls, in ' making a second leap, perished m presence of a vast con- course of spectators. The streets of Rochester are wide, jj and well laid out, containing many first-rate private and I public buildings. Of these we may mention tlie court- ' I house, jail, arcade, and observatory, upwards of a dozen . of churches, and about six hotels, &c., kc. The Mount [? Hope Cemetery in the vicinity vies in extent and appro- priateness of design and scenery with those of Greenwood near Brooklyn and Laurel Hill at Philadelphia. The water-power of the two falls is estimated as equal to one thousand nine hundred and twenty steam-engines of twenty horse power. Calculated according to the cost of steam powder in England, the annual value of this water would amount to nearly ten millions of dollars. - A lai L -i- ir.\.». represents tlip « dry land." On all, the tncs urow to tl I \ i 10 1 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 45 T 1 water's edge, and dip tlieir outer branclios in the clear blue lake. Sometimes the mirage throws its air of en- chantment on the whole, and the more distant islands seem floating in mid-heaven — only descending into the lake as a nearer appronch dispels the illusion, and when the rushing steamer breaks the fair suiface of the water in which all this loveliness is refle.'ted as in a mirror — to quote the words of poor ^^'arbul•ton, " thr eye docs not weary to see, but the head aches in "even writing the one word — beauty — wben'ver you steer over this sweet scvne beauty—benuty still." To si>e, and i'e;illy enjo} and appreciate the '.'harms of liie Lake of the 'J'hou^and Isles, one ou.iht to visit it in a small bout, and spen^l many days amid its labyrinths; but we aie on board a steamer, and must be content with the pa>sing gl.mce which her rapid and noi^y (-oursc alVords. An hour, or less even, and we are through, — the Islands and the mighty Ontario arci left be- hind, and we now emerge into the majcstie river, though not to di>ap|'oiiitm< nt, foi- ;tll i^ graiid and beautiful slill. The l;ike w'e ai e ju t leaving will be remembired as the scene of the exploits of ti"j notorious Hill .lolui.^on and his daughter, during (he insurrections of 1S37-S. A better place for a bold robber to lu:k cannot be fancied, and though his character and that of his daughter are . o well known (ov ruman<:e writers of the present day to attijmj)t the theme, doubth-ss the po.;t and novelist of a future time may easily TmrI the materials lor another Ladv of the Lake or Hob Hoy in the adventure^ of the robber and his virago daughter. b2 I 46 TflE CANADIAN T(^URIST. On both slioVes of {he livsr tl'C traveller obscrvrs tlio settlements of the faniieis, wi^Ii towns an I vi!iao-es on the banks ; we shLiJI notI;e these immediately, bat, as we are i'airlv in the siream, lei us sail on witliout baltino-. 1lie traveller, as he looks on the river from time to lime, will soon remark that (lir eiirient giins strength, eddies begin to sweep round in wide eii'cb s, and ^!ie iiplieavinp' siiroes, gently at first but angrily ae^ you proceed, boil and roar around and beneath your ve^sd — on she goes faster and still faster — look ahead, the v'lite- crested breakers meet your eje ; \vhi!e you look, you are in tlie mid' ship as she is flung down the terrible descent — look to your shipmates^ the crew and the passengers aro alike silent, or point in dun)b sliow to the objects that strike the attention ! Look, aheiid- before you, in the very course on which you steer, lies a rock bound islet, the full torrent rushes with friaht- ful force anil volume against it, and on it you too are borne as if to cert tin destruction ; but Just when you might expect to feel the crash of rendini»' timbers, the dividino' cur- i'ent oati:lH?s the vessel under her forefoot, she ' eels down unJer the shock — in an instmt her bow is swept into a new uii'ection, the threatening rock l:> under her stern, the !sl,i!:(l is passed. Geitle reader, the danger is over — and sn pjUickly fliat, ere you could read our feeble description, th ' exciting rac the Long Sault,^^ and, on the calm bosom of Lake '■-•'•t Francis, you may endeavour to comprtdiend what, in the rapi 1 itsidT, you had barely time to look upon. While amid the raging torrents yom- hear nothing, see nothing, feel notlwi-.^ but the boiling Hood that roars and iiieaks aroum! and ovei* your vessel^ but eie the eye had learned to comprehend what it gazes on, the rapid is run — the dang.-: —the excitement, are pissed away like a •' dream of the night/' .\ndthi;s from rapid to lake, from lakt' to boiling eurrent, ai?d from current to rapid aaain, you pa;^s thro:5gh Lake St. Francis, the Coteau, the Cedars, the C\ascades, Lake St. Louis, and finally, the Lachine Rapids, below which, and after a day's journey of 48 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. I!! no little variety and excitement, you are landed on the magnificent wharves of the commercial mi^ropolis of He'* Majesty's American possessions. But though we have made such a galop down the river, which, by the way, we could hardly help, we must now make a more leisurely journey, and introduce our readers to the various points of interest which present themselves from Kingston downwards. Gananoque, at twenty miles below Kingston, is tjje first place that the steamer touclies at. Tt is a pretty and thriving village of one thousand fnlinbilnnts. Twelve miles below stands Brockville, the County Town of L eds and Grenville. Tt has a population of nearly, or perhaps ,piitc five thousand, and is one of the best \v.n\t towns in Canada AVest ; ih<^ streets are broad, regul:., Iv lai 1 out. nnd the houses chielly built of stone, of whi ii tliere is an abundant supidy of a beautiful Idnd. It contaitis, be^i les a Court TTouse, seven Churches, all s-bftanlial buiMings of the stone alluded to.—and is a p!a-e of busy in.lus'lry ;• having an extensive foundry and engine mainif.ctorr, wjtf, saw and flour mills, and mnnufa/tures of dolh, nx-s. &c., to a very considerable amount. The Grand Trunk Railway passes througli the town,, and adds another element to its causes of pro^peiity. From this place an' excellent road communicates with the town o' IVrth, which lies north from it at a disfan, e of foitv-five miles. The eountrv in rear is well srttlp.l nr>A r..*:-'!- ;.> -^v ing. Brockville returns a member to parliament. Five miles further down is the village of Mailland, built a 'Jl: i THK CANADIAN' TOURKST. 49 i t \i - h on the site of an old French Fort, and seven miles below lii^s PjiESCOTT, from which are seen the windmill, and the blackened and ruined houses around, the scene of the wretched attempt at invasion by Schultz and his gano- of ^vmpathise^s in 1838. There is no recollection of glory to qualify the details of that miserable afTair^ where, after a short and hopeless resistance, the leader and his followers were made prison(M-s. Ju^lire was satisfied with his life alone, which he justly f)ireit'.d as a mere brigand and mur- derer—crimes in his case utterly ittexcusable, for he was a man both of birth and education. Prescott was at one time a place of ronsidc^rablc importance, but the construc- tion of the lU.leau Canal lemoved all its trade to King- ston, aiul for many years its appearance was desolate in the ^'vtr.mo. Now, however, a new impulse has been oiven to i^^ P'ogross by the openfn,; of :!,c Railway to Bytown, rv'cently named Ottawa City, and the opening of the Oraud Trunk Railway. Tlie situation of the village is naturally very pr-th\, but th" (effect is sadly marrcul by the numerous tanneries, I)rewe les r.nd distiHeries which are built alon- th(^ nater's cdgo, v/ith (!ieir rears and out- liouses to t!)e rivei. fmujcdiately opponte at a distance o'' Ino miles, is seen the beautiful and thriv- in r town of OcnnN'sBuncH, witli which t!iere is constant co!nmunica!ion by steam ferry-boats. From what we have said the render wil! easily see that a hri-ht futnre agam opens up fur Prcscotl. Steamers for the American side of Lake Ontario and tlie Canadian side, touch daily both in their upward trips and those downward to iMon- 50 THE CANADIAV TOURIST. J treal, while passengers i\rr Boston and New Yoik, or Bjtown, Toronto, or .Montreal, have railway trains for each of these places. At present the population is only two thousand five hundred ; but this must yvvy soon be doubled and trebled. The railways will be mostly used in winter, or by travellers coniino- from the east, for in summer the run down the rapids is, we ima'-ine, f-st enouoh for any man who can be satisfied with any thing short of telegraph >speed. Between Pre-^cott and Dickenson's T.andina:, at the fiead of the Cornwall Canal, a distance of thirt}- ei>;bt miles, are passed, in succession, the villages of Matilda, Mariatov/n and ]M( uiinette. The scene of tlie battle of Chrysler's Farm, will be pointed out a liltle below Maiia- town— hei-e the American forces experienced a severe defeat in the last war. At Cou.mwall, whirh is situate i at the lower entran 'e of the canal (.f ih st name, it vrill he worth while for the trnvellci- to iake a ook at the locks, which, from their f^ize and solid construction, are very remarkable. The cana! is (d-ven and -a half miles lon;, Lachine- and one .r two shorter canals, all constructed on the same great scale, completes the great chain of artificial v/ater conununication betv^een Montreal and F.ake Ontario, while the Welland Canal unites the la^t named lake with Lake Erie — a. chain of canals unequalled in the world. T ■»HP » i fc ' I.JMl J^- J THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 51 in 110 T f The town of Corn.vall i. well 1 .id nut, and has a plea- sant sftu-.tion. Jt returns a .Member to ti.e [jou.e of Assembly, has a popniation of two thonsnn.], nnd a nevvs- pnper. The Frencli inhabitants forn,eiIj called this p!->ce " Pointe Maline," f^•onl the difficulty tbev experienced in ascending this portion of the rive, wit!, their batccurx.— Opposite to Cornwall !ies the Indian villap^e of St. Ee-^is where line 45^ strikes the St. L.wrenrct and forms the' boundary between Lower Canada :'nd the State of New York, inter«^ecting-,rnl.o, the tract o^ li^m] whicli is the prnpcrty of this body of TroeiuMs, numborino in nl! about one thousand, and about equaMy Ilritish and American. There is a large stone church, which wa^ erected upwards of fifty years ngo at. their own expense. The Government maintains a French Cimndian missionary, wlio resides perminently at the village, and devotes his whole time to the tribe. A gw^t portion of the service consists of singing, uf winch the Indians are pissionat. dy fond. I^u- men procure a precarious sul>sist.T,ce chiefly by huntin^r, and the women einploy themselves in making mitts an^Jl moccasins from the skins of animals that have been killed during the winter, and in manufacturing splint baskets and brooms. After passing the Canal the St. Lawrence widens into one of those beautiful expanses, called Lakes, which tend not a little to impart variety to the course of this majestic river. Lak- St. Francis is forty miles long. About half-w^y down the lake on the left band stands the village of Lancastkr, close to th(i boundary line between the West and East Provinces. 52 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. H(.Te tlic loyal (ileninu'v J iialilanders raised a hrore cairn or pile of stones (a memorial o^'f'asiona!!y erected for wnrriors of old Scotland) in honour of Sir John Colborne, now Lord Seuton, formerly Governor General. A con- siderable island, called Grand Isle, lies a little below the east end of the Lake. Jn order to open up a communica- tion between this Lake and tl.e njxt expanse, called Lake ^t. Louis, wliicli is twcn'y-four miles in length, the l^eauiiarnois Canal has been con?truclcd bv t!ie Provin- cial Governmt'nt. It is e!even-and-a-quarter niiles lonr/, and h;is nine locks. — Tlvi St. Linvrcnce, on emei'giiig- iVom the C;iscad(\s, receives a great influx of water fi-oni the Ortrtwa, and their combined waters form thi? expaiue of L;ike St. Louis, at tlie western extremity of wliich is tlie Isle Peicot, and along the north shore is ilii- Islmu of .Moiitrcdl, whicli is about thirty nsiles in length. For ^owic distanc;) below the junction the brown water.s of the Ott:nva roll unmixed with the clear stream of the St. Lawrence. At tlie outlet of the Luke on the rijjht is the Ironsjols settlement of CauohnawaLa, or ^' Tlie Village of the Rapids," in allusion to those that lie a little b low. It was granted for thejr benefit by Louis X1V_, in inSO, end vnlaiged by Governor Frontenac. '.riie^e in Hans i.i ounnner cln-fly sub^-ist by navigatino- barges and rafts down to Noniieal, and in winter by the sale of snow-shoes, mocciisins. ik.e. They are Loman Catholics, and someiime since relmilt their church, wliich is handsome and substantial, They behaved nobly during the disturb- ances of 1S37 and oS], and since that period Lave received T" i THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 63 T speci:!] marks of Her i^Jajesly's favour. On the left bank stiinds LACHiNE,the central situation of which bids f\iir to ensure its orowth and prosperity. Here is the residence of Sir George Simpson, Governor of tiie Hudson's Bay Com- pany,and of the staff of officers in charge of this, the princi- pal post of the company. Hence emanate the instructions, received from head-(juarters in London, for the dlffcrc nt posts tliroughoiit the company's extensive territories. Towards the latter end of Apii! in each year a body of tlie company's people along with experienced voi/agcurs leave this port in large canoes, called maUre-canol..l, cut at a heavy expense. A rail- way also joins the two places, and although steamers generally dt scend the great rapids, yet passengers some- t'*mes land here andu,,- carried to the city by the cars. i rf, li the traveller will look to the west. Onl eavin;! the wl 54 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. I he will observe the open lake, on which he has just passed, stretching awaj in a noble expanse of water, no land bound- ing his westward view. The followers of Jacqiios Caitier on arriving at this point, two hundred years ago, deceived partly by their own hopts, and partly by the descriptions which the Indians gave thorn of the great seas above, imngincd that they now looked upon 'a roule which was to conduct them to Cl)ina,and exclaimed, La Chine ! Hence, acconb'ng to tradition, the origin of the name stilly borne by the village. Here the stranger will at once feel that he is in a foreign land, among a strange race, for although a great proportion of the people are English, still the masses are French, speaking their own language. Churches, houses, everything wears a dillerent aspect; but we shall remark this more as we proceed, and now hasten on to Montreal. From its favourable situation and fertile soil, Montreal early attracted the attention of the French discoverers who visited and marked it out for settkment under the famous Jacques Cartier. This occurred in 1535— upwards of three hundred years ago. Even at that time, it was found occupied by the Hurons who had a village here, and a tolerably large space of cleared land around, on which they raised Maize or Indian Corn, and some kinds of vegetables referred to by Champlain. It was not, however, until a century later, that a city was projected and laid H? out, which on the 15th Aui^ust, 1642, was placed under , mm^in i ijuTii.ijrBnn-: iL-.m n i ^ THE CANADIAN T'OURIST. 55 the protection of the Virgin Mnrj, nnd named Ville Marie -wliich it retained fo base of wliicli it I r mnnj years, hut loni^ forootton ain, at the under its present name taken'from the Mount les. The Island of Mont: eal is formed by the St. L , ^ -""-^* ^7 n'e .-^r. Lawrence e so,, I,, .nd a brand, of ,!,<. g,.,,a ott.wa on lu northern .s,cle-at each of the eas.ern and ues.cn cx- rem,„es the wate,-s of these .ivers n.oet and eornplete ;ts .nsnhar fo,™.tion. The Ts-an,! is th.V.v-fo.r iiles iength, b, about ten at its greatest b-endth, and, , both u , , , ^^^ .^,_^_^^^ .^ ^^ _^ ^_^^^ most fertile districts of the I'rov.m. Tl„. ,vl , r.. valu.ble tract of h„d belonged " i„ 'f °'"" still belongs, to -be Priest, ^fth'lt ' ^'''' "'''''■'"'"'^ .e who der,ve an i,n,ne„se revenue f,.o,n it-b„t nn" r the law co.„,n„,a,ion. passed a fe,v vea,. a^o t'h n - 8-raOunli, beco,nin, feed fro,,, the Se,V„o,.Ln .r^ nounsnmg city, which, thouoh not the Se.t ofr. atp.ese„t is in pointofpop^dationandXl/h^ :;;,:: P- .on, the capital of the Province of Canada. S , at ,e eonfluenre of two of the the ..Vhtiest rive,- i^ II X T^ " ^''' communication with the ocean -^..e;se.ai,the:d:;-i:^-;-:t !--.,„« rap,ds forbid an, f.„.ther ascen't b]- sel;;!: 56 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. F 1 t! Jl til Of ti tj u ships of any size, it soon became a corn>> cr-al emporium; destined to en. rease from year to yea- as i' . developing greatness of the territories along the WeMcrn Lakes and the Ottawa shall call for new and greater facilities for trade. At present, as may be supposed, its imports and exports are greater than at any other British American port— the value of the former in 1854 being clo^se upon 1-2,000,000 of dollars and of the latter about e.aOO^OOO dollars, nnd employing on an average 4500 vessels of all kinds. Th^' city, which is built in a somewhat irregular ; form, is laid out in straight sheets, all the public buildings, and indeed, all the private dwellings and stores of any pretension, are constructed of a beautiful lime-stone, bear- ing much the appearance of the celebrated Aberdeen gr'Inite At present, in the outskirts and back streets, many houses of wood are still in existence, but since the great fire in 1852 a Bye-law of the Corporation requires all new houses to be built of stone or brick— so that in the course of a few years, decay and improvements, with fires, acddental or otherwise, will have probably swept away all of wood that remains. In Montreal and its environs, the traveller will fin« much to interest him, and if he will accompany us in ; couple of promenades, we shall endeavour to point out t him all that is most worthy of remark-beginning at thj St. Lawrence or Donegana^s Ilottd, from one of whicj we shall start to vi-it uie uaiuolic i ari»h v,..u.c.., te^ known to strangers as the French Cathedral. The grea size of this building crtaini)- constitutes its chief clair 1 al eniporium, J e developing j rn Lakes and facilities for i imports and tibli American ng close upon out 2,500,000 lOO vessels of what irregular ablic buildings, stores of any f ne-stone,bear- i ited Aberdeen 1 back streets, e, but since the Dration requires 'ick — so that in ovements, with probably swept veller will fin< )mpany us in ; to point out t eginning at tb| n one of wbici i> r^u...'/»li V»e*» iral. The grea i its cbiof clair r s h |e :h ke ad- ten one the xycXx ' of Km^m. 1 ;»v ^'.l ^ ■ \.^\-^., -'-'-■ ■^• .W. A.". ^ l'^*! ' "t %f' ■iht^^ir tf i«if. ..-»*:. - ^J^ •*' '4^ «iv,'-r Jlll M ■'|fW- i V - > • • • 1 :*.''j'i?Ti-i t.~^ T ll^ll Pi I ji!.;i! r •*^»**^' -■i*».^' '.,«,»!*-^A*.»C.<««f*-».; "" '*'.'^--*;^ ' J^^ ',-*.. ~^^ls ^** ll ^'1 If! ' > ^w* ^. .mutt " TT^-:^^;^] '^^ V'vr 1 THE CANADIAN TOURIST 57 ^or observation. Il is of wh it is t-alleil llu* prrpc.itlicular Gotliic style of tht- architecture of the midille ages, nnd is entirt'ly lestitute of oinaiiKiit : n^ vtrtbelc^^s, it is both giar.d anil .imple; and is, we btlieve the l:irgc>t c'nr.rch of any kind .^n this continent, or at all t.-vrnls in North Anerica. The main entrances aie from the front, facing on Place t'Armes, nnd between two square towers, form- ing with tl 2 doors the front of the building. The towers are two hi.idred and twenty feet high., that to ihe west is always open, and a gocd hlair-cast: leads to tlie top. Tbe ascepi is well worth undertaking, for from the Mim- mit a comf etc view is obtained of tlie wl ole city and sur- rounding ciuntry—tbe former lying at tbe spectator's feet, and enabliii',^ him to count every street, lane, and garden in the plare. The interior Is not striking, except for size. Ont or two of the Jshrines may attract attention on account of the quantity af silver displayed in M Lt . ' V. . i fv 5S THE CANADIAN TOURIST. which wcloliing- Uiirtccn tons is hung in the western tower, anil is the largest bell in America. Thus ihe Parish Cluir.:h or Cathedral, if not very attractive in point of beauty of architecture or juiintiugs, is remarkaLIe as the largest churcli, having the largest congregation, and the largest bell in the New World- Under the fhurch, the entire .space is occupied by a cemetery— in wliijh the more wealthy of the Roman Catholics are interred. |kt present however, these interments are discouraged, s the new cemettry lately opened, of which we shall speu hereafter, is justly considered a more appropriate and nue beautiful rcbtinii place. I Adjoining the Cathedral is a handsome stce buildin*r at present only fmished to the extent of half e proposed plan. This is the Seminary of St. Sulpi:. In this building is transacted all the parochial busiiiis, and also the secular affairs connected with the \ery \ uabie pro- perty belonging to the body. A. certain nuber of thi^ gentlemen of the order find very full eiroyruent in these duties— and we may add that the ib a and ex- ceedingly polite manner in which thev couductieir money transactions have earned for theni the graude of hun- dreds,and kind feelings from all v/ho e.er liave.d occasion to treat with them. As the name denotes, the stitution is chiefly for edu'^ational purposes— anl an;.on others, the College is the principal establishment which -y support. The buildings used for the Coliege are still F undlino- Street ; but the wants of the town and otheuuses, such as better air and a finer situation have inducdhe priests 1 THE CANADIAN TOURIST^ 59 western tower. LIS liie Parish e in point of ukuiJe ab ilic ition, and the lie tliurch, llie i-'liilh the more • fU present, J, s the new cu hereafter, me beautiiul i 5tte buildinjr, ' re pro])osed pi:. Jn tliis iibs, and also V uabie pro- luber of tlii^ ir^vrjent in bai and ex- cheirmonej ujde of hun- e.d occasion e stitution is n others, the I J support. ! F' nndling imises, such i: 100,000 for the Portland and Montreal Kail- road, at a time when dilljcalties of no ordinary kind seemed to threaten the susp'.:nsio*i of tins, the lust link in lh*i now all but completed Grand Trunk Ptailway of Canada. On the opp«/site f; it of the square or Place d'Armes, are the Bank of Montreal and the City Bank. The first is a bea«^iful buildaig of the Corinthian style, and was erected at a cost of $100,000. The fluted columns and iiorid capitals wr' the other ornaiiiental work of the front ' ?--e desorvedl} admired as specimens of sculpture, and are iUost, if not '*:ogetlicr, the work of French Cmadian masons — though this is by no means ^hc only proof of their akui wliic! we shall point out a^ ve nroceed. The THE CANADIAN TOURIST. t bfl desiiin of tlie Bank of Montreal was furnished by Mr. Wells, of (his city, Architect, under whose superintendancc the b'uildin^ was erected. The City Bank is a substan- tial buihiinp:, and well adapted for the inirpose for ^Uiich it was erected. The square, which till of late was an open space of ground covered with rubbish, is now taste- fully enclosed, planted with tlirivinq^ trees, auii liid out into flower beds. Leaving the Place d'Armes we shall turn down a nar- row street, passini^ along the east side of the claircli, from which perhaps, quite as well as from the front, an idea may be formed of its large proportions — continuing down tlii<* street we shall emerge on the wharves. These, the peo- ple of Montre I are justly proud of, as the most substan- tially built mj similar work in America. Com- mencing at a |..,nit opposite the market-house they extend up to the enti'ance of the T^a chine Canal, a distimce of about a mile and a half, forming a broad roomy space for carts and carriages, with docks, jettys, and basins, inter- spersed, and giving great accomodation for shipping of all kinds — yet not enough, as the increasing commerce of the city from year to year calls for great additions 1 j t! e docks. The carriage way is backed all its length by a high w M of very solid ma*iin\ Island, to the east, by that of St. Helens, botli covered with magnificent maple, birch and hickory trees. On the opposite side, the low fertile land of St. Lambert and the County of Huntingdon stretches away till the view is bounded by the high hills of the Townships nnd the State of Vermont. Immediately opposite the city may be seen^the wharf of the New York an J St. Lawrence Railway Company, with its buildings and machine ships^ und b^low Nun's Island are seen several of the gigantic piers now in course of construction to receive the Tubular T3ridge intended to span the St. Lawrence, and which, when completed, will be one of the wonders of the world. Confining ourselves in the mean- time to the city, let us walk along the upper wall of the wharves to the Bonsecours Market. This is a maonificent pile of building in the Doric style erected at a cost of $280,000, and is said to be the finest market house on this continent. On the basement story are extensive accom- modation for the sale of fish, vegetables, fruit and pork, and a range of ice-houses for those who occupy the dif- ferent stalls ; in the story above, which is entered from St. Paul Street, there on a level with it, are the stalls of the butchers, all well lighted and aired, with a wide promenade between the two ranges. Above this story are the offices of the Corporation, and Council Chamber, which b3 62 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. I I occupy tlie half of this story ; the other half is a large con- cert and ball room, capable of containing four thousand persons comfortably ?eat(Ml. If the stranger has been deterred bv the fatigue of a-cending the tower of 'he Cathedral, we should rerommfn-l liini .t') mount to the dome of the m.arket-house, which is easily done, an]]<. flJdcd hv whnt IS •'•" ■'••■- V'-'" ''"^ -"'b' ' "' - - • ^• )l!ecied from tavern-li'.eucci^in the Distiici of «\1o!ilrcal. ftiwaii C( THE CANADIAN TOUUIST. G3 r Thus the unlucky litigant, in audilion to il;c lo^s of bis suit ^ i.s compelled to j>a)' pa"t of the cost of the builditi;^ whereiu he, of course, believes lie has met with injuslice, — lie ^\ at all events cannot be expected to ai'mlrc it. The ,5*3^ ground plan is thiee hundred by one iuiiidred and twenty- live ^ect^ and seven ty-si\ feet in height. Cn tlie ^lound iloor are vaults ior the records, all lire proof, the leepcr's rooms and OiTice of the Clerk of the l\jace, cVc. On the two uppei' stoi'ies uie five Court Ilooni>'^'> Judiies** Chambers, Advocates' Library, Prothonolary's and i^heri(l"s Ofiices — all of spacious diinensions and handsomely finished. As some one or more of tiie courts, civil or criminal, are almost always in session, a visit will amusi the stranger from the curious mixture of French and English in which tli i proceedings aic carried on, for thou!.;h all the .Uidges and nearly all the lawyers speak both languages, yel each addresses the Court for the most part in his owii, so thai to the visitor ignorant of French it is a scene of j'abel- li.'.e confusion. It would wearv our fricud> were we to ask them to read a particular notice of all the other public buildings of IMontreal, and, th -reJorc, we shall content oui\selves by merely enumerating the piincipal and indicating the streets in which they are sltuat; d, in order that those who are so disposed may know v.here to fmd them. Besides the Parish (Church or Cathedral, the Catholic churches art; St. Patrick's at the west end of Lagauchetiere Street, occupying a cOiiiman ling position, but, though very con- spicuous, possessing no gr at architectural attractions j H 64 THB CANADIAiN TOURIST. tlie Bishop's Church in St. Denis ^-trcel, a very hand- some structure, erected since ibe grcut Ihe of 1852, the old building havmg been at that time aeslioye.l with about a third of the city ; the iU collet Church, in 2>:otre l)anie Street ; the Bonsecours Chuich, near the large market ; and ^t. Mary's Church, in Grifuntown. There are also chapels attached to all the Nunneries, an.I in some uf these are to be found hne paintings. Of Nunneries there are three. The Grey Nuns, on Foundling Street, founded in 1692, for the care of lunatics and children. The Hotel Dieu,' founded in 16^4^, for the sick in geueral. Both of these institutions, are exceedingly well mraiaged, and inde- pendently of the good the sisters do within their own walls, their devoted kindness to tiie sick out of doors is beyond all praise and has been often iieroically shoun in times of cholera and ship \e.\iiv, on which occasions many of these ladies have sacrificed their lives in tlie cause of their sulferino- fellow-creatures, without distinction of nation or ere ed. Tl* The third is the Black or Congregational Nunnery in Notre Dame Street, founded in I6;i9. Here, the sister- hood devote themselves to the education of young persons of their own sex. The education allorded is of a very superior description. The stranger who desires to see any of the Nunneries ought to apply to the Lady Superior for ad.mission, which is rarely refused to respectable people, and the utmost politeness is invariably shewn to visitors, though, Irom their number at certain seasons, the pi.tience of tin: gentle . Nuns must be often sadly tried. f THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 65 We have already mentioned the Seminary and its College, but besides this, independent of ordinary schools, there is a large new College in Bleury Street, under the charge of the Jesuits. This institution is much lauded, and has already risen to great favour \vith the Roman Catholic ^^ population. The Protestant Churches worthy of notice are St. Andrew^s Church in Beaver Hal!, a beautiful specimen of Gothic architecture, being a close imitation of Salisbury Cathedral in England, though of course on a greatly re- duced scale, '['his, with St. PauFs Church, in St. Helen Street, are in connection with the Established Church of Scotland. The Episcopalian Churches are, the Cathedral or Christ's Chiu'ch in Notre Dame Street, St. George's Church ill St. Joseph Street, St. Stephen'^s in Grifliutown, Trinity in St. Paul Street, and St. Thomas' in St. Mary Street. Various othei denominations of Christians have Churches — the Wesleyans, a large and very hand- some building, in St. .lames Street, and also others in (irif- fmtown and Montcalm Street ; the liulopondents two. one in Gosford Street and one iu Ptadegonde Street. This last was the scene of the sad riot and loss of life on the occas- sion of Gavazzi's lecture in 1852. '^llie Free Church has also two places of worsliip, one in Cote Street, and one in St. (rabriel Strec^t — besiJes these there are the American and llu; Uniti.d Presbyterian, the Paptist, and the Unita- rian Churches, a small .Tewish Synagogue, the last named beinii classical in design. Ihe other most conspicuous public buildings are the ■f' i 66 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. I Bank of B^tii^h "North Auieil.a, ll.c Coinniiircial Bank, the People's Bank, the Odd Fellous^ 11.11, Hie Mechanic's Insiltiite, and the Post Oillce, all in Greiit M. dames Street ; and all buildiogs of a plain and substantial char- acter, well suited for the variou,^, liurposes fo;- which they have'heen built. Betwec.n St. Kaul Street and tho nivc- stands the Custom House, a neat buildin- put up about twenty years ago, on the site; of a.; old market place. In Si. Sacrament Strc et, which ihe stranger will not fmd without a -aide, is the Me/ciiaat's Exchange and Beading ^oom. This latter is a very large and com-- fortabirroom, and fully supplied witli English and Ameri- can Newspapvi-s and Perio<;icaK-~the use of which is thrown open to strangers upon a siuiple ialroduction by any member. If the archilcctuie of the Ex.haiige has any claim to merit, and we do not say it i as wot, (he siiualion in one of the narrowest streets in ihe city complet^dy prevents its beino-seen. In addition to t!r:'se we m::y mention the Ge- ,,er::' nnsn:tal.in Dorchester St;eet,aLd the St. Patrick's, also in thu same street, but at the w^-t end of the town ; MH':iiil College, bcautifuliy situated at the base of the mountain, and the High School Pcparimcnt of the Col- k'oe in Belmont Street, but the two la^t claim a less S3 cursory notice. M'Cill Colleo-e owes its emlowment to the munificent bequest of the late Ilonnjlc. dan.es M^Cill, an opulent merchant of Montreal, who, in the year lSll,beijuea.ti:ed ihe property of Ijurn^dp, on whicn the College is budt, together wjtn .CIO ,000, for tho advancement of learning ; f ¥ i*".*^.; THE CA.NADIAX TOURIST. (i7 m^:*t' 'XH in Lowei- CanaciK 'i'lie v'.vla/s ol' t!io kr.v uii-.l various unforest'on c.ircuuistanfe;- pi-ev.'i.'iHi {\.e jropiT .-ipi'licaljon of tills b'NjiHist uniil a v;-!'} few years :\-^o. Now, lio.v- ovci', it I. h\ Tull \vo:kin- Oi->K:r, ;i(>;i\ an 1 t^n ( Mvemors ; an^l the various bi'ancht'S of a uImt.;! r iucaiion a-e uadi;!" the direction of a hii'i^e staff of riuiVsi^ors and T.ecturi::?, at the head of \vho:a stands J. \T. Daw.-n, Esq , well kiiown for his scientifi:: atitiiiH.c nts '. otli en thi.-- C\)iili::( lit and in Euroiie. The ei.au>e of e iLh'.\('.o:i ih ( mbraci'd within four lon^ sesMons, be«iin!,i;)- oa (be lOlh Sentreiber and enviJng on the l^t of '\\i\y in e i h rear, and i-^ c^ni- ducted on the priu'-ip/ie oT h.'cturj,.s aad ex tininition'> on ail th^' branehes of the Faculties of Aits. Law and A^edicine, in ea^ h of ^■:.ie!l deg'-Oi-s are »;ranti d. Connected with the (^)iie-e iies and the other ordinary branrhes oi ednration, lo^^ether ah.o wilh teachers of French and (seinian, IVawing and ■\Iusie, and a Preparatory Sr.hool for the younger pupiis. The basis of thv- ;>ihi'^ation oinjied in this Co!h ge is broad and liberal, evrry tliin^- of sectarian or pai ty hpirit being ignorid wlliiin its walls. Its advantages are open and equal to all elu:r^e:5, and as a stimuhuj to ex- ¥m kM mmjm IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 4i^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■-Dill |iO ™"== 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 14 IIIIII.6 ■ w ^ /C> -^ .*. '-'(^ Photographic Sciences Corporation WIBSTIR (716) ; j-l of tliO EapiiU of llie Wiwiv St. Lav.rence libove the Cilv. Thouoli lli(-re is noiiiuu new m these maiui- pi factoiips, tli(Mr nuiuber mid vauety are ^atisractcrv proofs of what a few yeirs will devoiope ia ihls brancii ol industry. Turning froui the (anal to the vivtv, the Station of the Grand Trunk Hail-way is reached, and from ihence a shoit walk leads to the coMimenci ineut of the Victoria Bridoe, and uoni the embankment runnin;;; out into the fiver niay bo seen some of the gii^an- tic piers already finisht'd, and several now in course of coujitruction, to r*ceive tiie iion tunnels on v»hich the railway is to be laid. ]f pcs'ihle, ti;esu should be visited to enable the ni'nd and eye tu understand, fr(^m the Titanic size of the slones and erections, the force of ice that science thus calculates ui)()n defying. This monstrous structure will be ovc-r a mile an 1 three (juarteis in length, or 9437 feet, and v 'II rest on twenty-four piers, and two solid abutments. It will be on the luLuhir princij le, such as the Britannia Bridge, across the ^Nlenai Straits. The principal span, that over the deep or ship channel, will be of the extraordinary length of three hundred and thirty feet, and at an eievaiion of sixty feet over the isummer level of tl e water, suiTicient to allow of the largest lake craft or steamer to pas^ under without striking even a Royal. The total co-4 is estimated at Jfi7,r; 00,000 ; an immense expenditure, doubtless, but whirh is perfectly warranted by th(^ gieat benellt whi< h the bii;'ge will confer upon the whole railway Nystem and tiade of the Piovince. I *.' I \ 70 THE CANADIAN TOL'RIST. Fron- .be .butu.cnt .Lxnc. w. have examined the wo.ks above cl,..s, rll,ed, the .trange,-, before tura.ng tovv.r.ls tbe town, would do well to d.ive out a distance era mde or .ofuKbe^o the Eu,in.4Iou,eof.he new Water Work. This unde. '.king has been constructed by the c, y a. an expense of 1^^00,000. and is only now finished. Ihewatei from the river, innnediately above the rapids, is conducted by a c:.nal five miles long to a basin or setthng cstern, where two large wheel-, thirty-:« feet in diameter play upon two force pumrs, which drive the water through >ron piprs for aho.t three miles to a double reservo.r unme- dlatelv behind ?,Ic(5ill College on the mountam. These res, rvoirs are well worthy of a visit, were it only for the vi..w of the city and surrounding country, afiorded from the stone e.nbankment. Strictly speaking, there is but one reservoir, divided for convenience of cleaning .nto two by a solid stone wall, and capable of containing oo 000 000 of gallons. These basins have been cut tnt'irelv from the solid rock, of which the mountain is forined,-the rock itself forming three parts of the oval shaped basin ; the rest, or that part next to the city, be- incr built of huge solid blocks of the same rock joined with Roman cemmt. Thence, at an elevation of upwards of two hu;uh ed feet above the river, the water is conducted throughout the whole city, and in the utmost abundanr-e and p°iiity, besides having this great advantage that the elevation f.-om which it Hows will force it over the level of .1 . .; 1...1 i,^,,<..s in till- town beneath. The utility of ilie iil.'ii "t 11-juot.s 1.. L..- - - .. - this in (Uses of fin; is self evident. i ^hL. I 1 4fc^ THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 71 We have now pointed out all that is worthy of notice m the city itself, but there are various points of interest in the neip-hbourhood, which we jnust invite our tourist to visit. And first we may note the iMount Iloyal Cemetery, about two miles from the town on the norllu'rn sloin; of the mountain. From the high rond leading round its base a broad avenue through the wooded hdl-side ascends gradually to the cemete: y,which is enteri?d through a large gate before the house of tlie scperintendant. \t present, the broad avenue we have mentioned, ends at the 2nte of the Prote^^tant Cemetery, but as the adjoining ground is occupied as a Roman Catholic Cemetery, it is intended that the road shall be continued till it meets the highway near Cote des Neiges, and thus form an exceed- ingly beautiful drive round the shoulder of the mountain. The Catholic Cemetery was only opened in the spring of last year, and though a good deal has been done, it will he some time ere the grounds are thoroughly laid out. The visitor, after continuing up any of the various carriage- ways and walks which intersect the grounds of the Protest- ant Cemetery in all directions, finds himself in a wooded valley or rather basin, opening towards the north, and shut in on all other sides by the mountain. A few years ago this was entirely covered with tues and underwood, with the exception of an old clearing of about twenty acres. At pre- sent one hundred and twenty acres are enclosed and laid out into one of the most romantic and secluded burying grounds in the world. Let us pass by the walks leading upwards remarking as wc go the many tasteful and ufiectionate * I T2 THE CANADIAN TOURfST. memorial, of the ,!o.:s easy, n,H! let », svtrvev the lovely piot.re stretched out before us. M our feet lies the city of the dend-a city that, thonoh fouu.1. ,1 but yesterday as it -.vere, already numbers its te°nants by thousands. The whole interior are. ,s lanl out into carriage drives and narrow footpaths for pedes- trians through the trees ; these last have only been tbmned out and removed to such on extent as to give the w!,o!e the appearance of a park-beneath and nmong the trees arc the graves and bnrvin^- places of the citizens. Many of these are handsomely enclosed and pi .nted "ilh (lowers and ever- greens-others merely markeJ out hy the low m'>und that rests upon the bosom of the poor or forgotten dead. Be- yond lies a wide level country, dotted with the white cot- tages and farm buildihi-s of the hMtam, with the Ottawa rolling its dark waters through the plain, and separating the Island of Montreal from the Isle .lesus. For a great distance tl e eye dwells upon cultivated farms till the clearings are lost and bounded by a desert of primeval rorest,°as yet untenanted save by the deer and bear, and seldom disturbed except by the few hunters who, at cer- tain seasons, invade these solitudes in pursuit of such game. Turning to the south, the city is seen stretching its length along the ISt. Lawrence, here spread out in all its bright- ness and grandeur, its glad blue waves sparkling and dancing in the sunshine, atid bearing on its bosom tho hundred sails of its schooners, steamers, and ocean ships, batteaux of the Canadian, and canoes of the Indian. THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 73 Navigation here offers illustrations of its every phase from the first rude effort of the savajje to the floatino- palace of the transath-intic steamer. On tlie opposite or southern shore, with the Village of Laprairie and the Ftailwny Stations at St. Lambert and Longueuil in the foreground,, stretches away another wide extent of culti- vated country — with the Mountain^ of the Eastern Town- ships, Vermont and Xew York lifting tlioir ?un)mits in the distance, and boundino; the view of the spectator. All around, the prrvpr^ct ismo^.t vnriod nnd mnoh.vefon.ueJhi..t.,,s; but, lat.e>ly,. U • u 1 nnunirv have 2ro.dually capabilities as an agr.cultural coun r) '^^'J ^ ^ at raeted a greater degree of attention, - -1';^^ P posal of connecing its waters with lake Huron and the a West will greatly increase. Of the magn.tnde o he er the riches of its banks, and the beauty of the ::„;,, .e cannot better speak than by .naking u. the excellent Report lately made by a Comm.ttee of the House of Assembly on Railways. " The length of the courseof the Ottawa River is about 780 miles. From its source it bends in a south-wes course, and after receiving several tributaries Jw. the height of land separating its waters from the Hudson » L;, it enters Lake Temiscaming. KVom its entrance into this lake downward the course of the Ottawa has bee« surveyed, and is well known. . u At the head of the lake the Blanche E.ver falls in, ..„,nin. about ninety miles from the north. Thirty-four .nilerfarther down the lake it receives the Montreal River, coming one hundred and twenty miles from the THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 77 S3 nortli-west." Six miles lower down on the east, or Lower Canada bank it receives the Keepawa-sippi, i large river which Las its origin in a lake of great size, liitlierto but partially explored, and known as Lake Keepawa. This lake is connected with another chain of irregularly shaped lakes, from one of which proceeds the Iliver du Moine, which enters the Ottawa about a hundred miles below the mouth of the Keepawa-sippi, the double discharge from the same chain of lakes in opposite directions presents a phenomenon similar to the connection between the Orinoco and Rio Negro in South America. The Keepawa-sippi has never been surveyed, but or ' "-.tial survey of the Lake from which it proceeds, i 'nuul flowing out with a slow and noiseless curr leep. and about three hundred feet in width ; its miu.. ly. Qu(bec. The appearance of Quebec cannot fail to suggest many recollections to the stranger who looks upon its walls for the fi.st time, for, though it is not the oldest settlement of the French colonists, all the most striking events of Canadian history are associated with its foundation and growth. Here, in 1535, Jacques Cartier fust landed at the Indian settlement of Stadaconna, and here, nearly eighty years after, Chai.ipiai?) settled, mukhig Quebec the future capital of New FnUKX. A capital which in 1629, or twenty years after, was taken by Captain Kirk with a fleet of three small ships, from a population starvm., and devoid of muskets even for its small ganison. Here too fell the young and b.ave Wolfe, :*nd his ecp'.aiiy brave antagonist Montcalm. And here fell Montgomery in his desperate attack at night in the midst of a snow storm — which, ere daylight broke, had covered in his cold winding sheet the stricken brave who had fallen in the rash attack. All these things have passed away — the frowning forlific a- tions preside over peace and busy commerce, and of the many hundreds of ships now lying in her roads and at her wharves, all are peaceful merchantmen receiving their THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 93 loads of timber from the far away Ottawa. But let ug disembark and climb the steep ascent to the Upper Town. We would recommend the stranger, as soon as he finds .imself in readiness to proceed from his lodgings for the purpose ofcnjoying the scenery of Quebec and its environs, to visit in the first place the Citadel, and place himself near to the flag staO". Ilis interest will be more completely oratified, if he be accompanied by an individual converr^anl with the surrounding localities and their associations. The Citadil, \vhlch surmounts the JAimuilt of Capo Diatnond, •s three hundred and ^ihy feet above tlje Kiver, and includes about forty acres. This fortress, admitted as unequalled by any mlhtary work on this Continent, and as ■^second (o few of the most celebrated fortresses in the Old 'World, has been frequently and appropriately called the ' Cihraltar of America." Hence is commanded a coup d'mU which American and European travellers have pro- nounced unsurpassed in the New and Old Worlds. The view embraces the opposite banks of the majestic river for forty miles up and down, backed by extensive plains reced- > ing to lofty mountains in the distance, the Island of Orleans between its shores, and on either hand the lovely village oi Pointe Levi and that of Beauport, whilst the Great lliver and the St. Charles unite in forming the magnificent basin, on whose bosom vessels of every size are contmually floating. Here the position of the City, on the tongue of land fbrmed by these rivers, is well seen. The Cape is composed of dark-coloured slate, in which are found in Tcins, quartz crystals, sparkling like diamonds, and hence I ^a r 94, THE CANADIAN TOllUST. arose the name of Cape Diamond. A .J.lk along the al above the Esplanade is a doli.h. . promena • Ile,lce the eyes .est on the small gvoup ol .Is, n u g the portal to the w.lds which are trodden only ..y> of the Indian hunters as lar as IluUson's l-'y-^''^ '^ ^ L. of .nountains formi.g a boundary to c.vh.at.o ,„ this^direction. The St. Cl.arlos is seen to nu.st advantage !rs scH when its shores, studded with white bud n.gs, are illmninated by his declining rays, as they .non.entanly rest on the chain of hills above the beaul.lul Va cart.er. Lxhe Obelisk to the men,ory of Wolie and Montcalm stands on the Promenade between the gardens attached to the Castle. The Earl of Dalhousie, when (.overnor General, origmaled the erection of this mo„nn,ent, and contributed handsomely to the subscription fund. Captam Youn-, of the 79th Highlanders, prepared the design. For the benefit of those who do not understand the Latm language, we subjoin a translation o' the two mscnptions. <. This n,ou«n>ental stone to the memory of the illustrious men Wolfe and Montcalm, was laid by lieorge, Earl ot Dalhousie, C:overnor.in-Chier over all the British Prov- inces in North America ; a work neglected for many years (what is there more worthy ot a gallant general he pro- moted by his inlluence, encouraged by his example, and favoured by his munificence. I5th November, 1827, Georo-e IV. reigning King of Great Britain." "Military prowess gave them a common death, History, a common fame, rottcrily, a common monument. In the year of our Lord 1827." It is not devoid of interest to record here, THE CANADIAN TOURIST. tliatjwlien tlie foundation-stone of this monument was laid in presence of bis Excellency, the Covernor-in-Chief, the Lord Bishop of Quebec, the Chief Justice, the Committee of Superintendence, and a K^irge assemblage of Ladies and Gentlemen, the ceremony derived a peculiar interest from the presence of INIr. James Thompson, one of the few survivors (supposed to be the sole one in Canada) of the gallant army, that served under Wolfe on the memorable 13th of Stptember, 1759. This veteran, then in his 95th year, walked with the party that accompanied the Earl, and leaned on the arm of the oflicer, whose chaste and appropriate design for the monument was adopted. The venerable man, having been called upon by the Governor to assist as a Free Mason in the ceremony, with a firm hand gave the three mystic strokes with the mallet on the stone. He has since paid the debt of nature, having died on the 25th of August, 1830, in the 98th year of his age. He was for a long time Overseer of Works in the Engineer Department of the Garrison. He was born at Tain, the county-town of lloss-shire in Scotland; and, having come to this country in General Wolfe's army, was at the capture of Louisbourgh in Cape Breton Island, and in the unsuccessful aflair near Montin^-enci Falls. He also took part in the defence of (Juebec against the attacks of the American Generals, Arnold and Montgo- gomery, in 1775. When his remains were conveyed to the grave with military honours, the band and firing party were furnished by the 15th llegiment, the senior corps in irarrison. which bv a singular coincidence happened to be one of those which formed the army under Wolfe. ttrWi -n".m~-»i. i\ I gg THE CANADIAN TOURIST. The traveller mh^U now descend through the Place dHrmes to the Seminary Gardens.-The EngUsh or Protestant C.thedral i. one of the handsomest mo.lern edifices in the City. It was consecrated ni 1804. 1 he communion plate is very magnificent, and was presented hy Kin- Georoe the Third. His Majesty also presented the books for Divine service-the altar-clolh, &c. J he spire, which h one hMndrcl raiment" in sickness and health. The annual exhibitions are most mtercstmg, and are attended by cro.vds of the respectable citizens, and parents and gmrdians of pupils from a distance, ihe Catholic Bi.hop resides in a large cut-stone house m rear of the Cathedral. It was built in IS 19, and has accom- modation for upwards of one hundred of the Clergy, many of whom have frequent occasion to v.s.t Quebec. In the Bishop's ante-cha,nber are suspended the portraits of his twelve predecessors. The chapel contains the best collection of paintings, (by eminent masters of the French School) in this country. The Library contams upwards of nine thousand volumes ; and there is a valuable collec- tion of philosophical instruments, besides fossds, mmerals Indian curiosities, &c., &c.-The Ursuline Convent, and Church of St. Ursula, are neat structures, surrounded by lar<.e productive gardens. This establishment was founded in 1639 by Madame de la Peltrie, for the purpose of ex- tendin.^ the benefits of education to the young females of the Colony. Pupils have resorted thither from the United States, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward's Island. At present (181.9) three hundred and sixty-eight are receivmg a superior education. It contains a Superior, fifty Nuns, and six novices, who give instruction in reading, writmg, and needle-work. They are very assiduous in embroidery nnd other ornamental works, especially for ecclesiastical vestments. Considerable prices arc obtained tor their 100 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. fancy-\,ork, and by tliis means, and the produce of the gardens, the revenue of the comniunity is increased. 1 he Convent has been twice destroyed by fire, in 1650 and 1686. It is worihy of honourable notice, that on both occasions the unfortunate outcasts, to the number of fourteen and twenty-five respectively, were most hospi- tably sheltered for the space of three weeks under the roof of the IIospHalurcs, or Nuns of the Hotel Dieu. Within the precincts of the Convent are interred the remains of the gallant ]Marquis de Montcalm, who wa^ mortally wounded in the eventful battle on the Plains of Abraham in 1759. Lord Aylmer, when Governor-in- Chief, caused a marble slab with an appropriate inscrip- tion to be erected to his memory in the Chapel. The Chapel, contains about a dozen paintings which may be ex- amined on application to the Chaplain. Those within the Convent are not open to the public. This establishment is usually visited by strangers, who, on making application to the Roman Catholic Ijishop, will receive the necessary introduction or permission. — On the arrival of Jesuits in Canada in 1635, they Axcted a suitable habitation, the destruction of which a few years afterwards made way for their spacious Monastery. It was forfeited on the sup- pression of that order, and at the conquest was regarded as Crown property. It was formerly surrounded by gardens, which were then destroyed and converted into a place of exercise for the troops. The citizens with much rfcj^ic rsavv iciiuij 10 Ti(' gi uiiiiu iiiu siiiiLij i[ i;u;!>, J t:i Un- touched by decay, tliat had been the primeval tenants of » \ THE CANADIAN TOURIST, 101 the site at the foundation of the city.-— The elegant build- ing- formerly denominated the Bishop's Palace, standing on an elevated spot, is very conspicuous, and originally had a chapel connected therewith. The Bishop having accepted an annuity in lieu of it, the Government fitted it up for the accommodation of the two branches of the Legislature, by whom it continued to be used for their sessions for many years until it was destroyed by fire.— The Quebec Library, •a valuable collection of books numbering upwards of six thousand volumes, was for several years in this building. It was founded in 1779 during the administration of General Halclimand, who liberally contributed one hundred volumes of valuable works towards its formation. This building contained also the Museum of the Literary and Historical Society, which was founded in 1824', and united in 1829 to that for the Promotion of Arts and Sciences. The Mineralo^ical and Botanical collections are said to be valuable. - The A) tillery Barracks, which form a range of stone buildings upwards of ^ive hundred feet in length, roughly constructed, but very substantial and well arranged, were erected before 17r)0 for the accommodation of troops by which the garrison was re-inforced, and were then distin- guis^ied as the Casernes Nouvellcs. Besides quartering the artillerymen, they contain an ordnance-oflice, store- houses, workshops, and an armoury. The armoury which occupies several apartments, contains, in a state of com- plete repair and readmess for immediate use, small arms of every description, suflicient for the equipment of twenty I r . ^T^^ ih-' 102 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. Mi ■j' Vii tliousand men. The admiration of strangers is excited by the fanciful covircVunl, wliicli is presented by the display of the arms in various designs and emblematical devices. Among public places in the Upper Town we may mention Durham Terrace, and the Esplanade, the latter being the chief theatre for military exercises. A little to the west of Hope-Gate stands the building once occupied by the brave Marquis de ]\Tontcalm, now divided into three priv- ate residences. It is only remarkable now as having been' the residence of tlie French General, whose fame has been perpetuated with that of his antagonist Wolfe. Tn St. Anne's Street is St. xindrew's Church in con- nexion with the Scotch Establishment. A Minister of that Church is believed to have officiated to the Presby- terians since the conquest in 1759. It is ascertained that " an apartment was assigned by the King's I'epres- entative in the Jesuits' College as a place of worship for the members of the Scotch Church" previously to 1767, and was occupied as suth without interruption till 1807, when Colonel Brock, commandant, requested the congre- gation to remove on the shortest notice, as it was found necessary to appropriate the apartment to the accommo- dation of the troops. In November the congregation re- moved to the lower room of the Court-Ilonse. In No- vember of 1808, his Excellency, Governor Craig, granted the lot of o-round on which the present Churcb now stands. It was opened in November, 1810, by the late Hev. Dr, Spark, who died in 1819. In 1821 it was found inade- quate for the accommodation of the members, when the ^? THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 103 ted by lisplay /ices, lention ng the e west by the e priv- i:i"been* isheen in con- ister of ^resby- rtained ^.epres- hip for ) 1767, 1 1807, congre- s found commo- tion re- in No- granted 1 stands. ey» Dr, ] ina de- hen the Earl of Dalhousie was pleased to grant an additional space hich the present enlarged church, which orouni on w I of was completed in 1824, and a comfortable manse for the Minister, now stand. The Church accomomdates thirteen hundred sitters. — Tn St. Francis Street stands St. John's Church, previously a Congregational Chapel. It was erected in 1816. In 1830 the Congregation, having con- formed to the doctrine, discipline, and laws of the Church of Scotland, received the ministrations of a Minister of that church. At the disruption of the Scottish Establish- ment, a majority of the Congregation connected them- selves with the Free Church of ScotlanJ. It is now oc- cupied as a Temperance Ilall, where the Sons of Temper- ance hold their meetings, the congregation of the Free Church having since built a beautiful gothic edifice, called Chalmer's Church, in St. Ursula Street, which will be lona" remembered as the scene of the Gavazzi^s Eiots. The Wesleyan Methodists have two Chapels, one in St. Stanis- laus Street,(erected in 1850), a plain but beautiful edifice in the Gothic st)le, the interior of which is tastefullv Htted up, a fine organ has also been introduced — the ot^er in St. Louis Suburb, is called the " Centenary Chapel." The Lower Town extends along the base of the preci- pice on the summit of which the Upper Town is built. The site is almost entirely the creation of human industry^ having been gained by excavation from the base of the precipice, or redeemed from the River by buildmg out in- to its waters. The towns are connected by Mountain Street, which was formerly e'most impassable for carri- ♦■ '■ ill lOi THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ! i I t i ; ages. Foot passengers avail tliemselves of tlie shorter passage, popularly known as the Break-neck Stairs. The wharves are very extensive, and are generally carried out upwards of two hundred yards into the River. The Chapel (Secoursalcy i. e. in aid of the Parish Church), standing in the Square, is of great antiquity, as it v^as built and used as a church before 1690. In that year Sir Wm. Phipps in attempting to capture Quebec was defeat- ed ; and the Fete of Notre Dame de Victoire was instituted for annual celebration in this church on the 7th of October. After the shipwreck of the English lleet in 1711, which was regarded by the inhabitants not only as a second victory but as a miraculous interposition in theii* favour, the church received its present name of Notre Dame dcs Victoircs, that both events might be commem- orated at once. We may here notice the other Fwoman Catholic Churches, viz.: that of the Conijre^^ation, on the hill leading from the Esplanade and St. John^s Gate, and that in the populous suburb of St. Ptoch. The former is perfectly plain in the interior, while the latter is well finished and has several paintings. Among them is one of Bishop Plessis, a great benefactor to this Church. Another has also been erected in St. John's Suburbs, equal in size to the Cathedral. St. Patrick's occupies an area of one hundred and thirty-six by fifty-two feet. Its corner stone was laid in the fall of 1831, and it was opened for religious service on the first Sabbath of July, 1833. The steeple is well proportioned, and stands one hundred and twenty feet from the ground to the ball sup- *' — - •» - THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 501 porting the cross. TL- interior is calculited to strike the beholder with religions ^\V3 and admiration. The Quebec Exchange, a commodious edifice of cut stone, was erected in 1828-9, and has answered the sanguine expectations of the proprietors. The sccond- tloo'r is " where merchants most do conoregate," and is devoted to the Reading-room, which is admirably con- ducted ; the upper part contains the rooms of the Board of Trade, and the Telegraph Office.— The Quebec Bank, whidi was established in 1818 iind incorporated in 18-22, occupies the lower story of the handsome edifice built by the Quebec Fire Assurance Company, whose office is on the second story.— In this part of the Lower Town are the Branch Agencies of the Bank of Montreal, Bank of British North America and Montreal City Bank.— The King's Wharf, which is appropriated to the purposes of Government, has on it extensive stores belonging to the Commissariat Department, which were erected in 1821. Here land and embark the officers of the Army and Navy, the troops, &c. — The building formerly used as a Custom IIo jse adjoins on the west. Nearly opposite to this there anciently stood a barrier, where the two ways diverge, one to the steps leading to the Upper Town, and the other to the Harbour. Close to this spot Montgomery was killed as above mentioned, 3 1st December, 1775.— At some dis- tance beyond, (about two miles) is Wolfe's Cove where the intrepid leader, frojn whence it derives its name, suc- ceeded in ascending the Cliff, and in forming his army in battle-array on the Plains of Abraham.— The Marine 106 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. i^ Hospital was erected for the reception of sailors and others landing' in Quebec afllicted with disease. It is supported by a tax of one penny a ton levied on each vessel arriv- ing; from Sea, and a proportion of the tiix upon Emigra- tion. It stands on the bank of the River St. Charles, nearly opposite to the spot where Jacques Cartier first wintered in 1535. The ceremony of laying the first stone was performed by Lord Ayhner, Governor-in-Chief, in May, 1832. ^ It was opened in July, 1834-. Its estimat- ed cost was twenfy-three thousand pounds or ninety- two thousand dollars. The exterior is of the Ionic order ; and the proportions are ta'en from the Temple of Muses on the Ilissus near i^thens. The first story contains Catholic and Protestant Chapels with apartments for ofiiciating Ministers, ai)artments for Housekeeper, Steward, and Nurses, wards for sixty patients, besides two kitchens, store-rooms, baths, &c. The principal story contains the large Entrance Hall, apartments for the Medical OOicers, their Examining Rooms, and Operating Theatres, besides a Museum, and accommodation for sixty-eight patients. The third story contains apartments for the chief nurses, and wards for one hundred and forty patients. The upper story is appropriated as a Lying-in-Hospital for thirty- four patients. The attics will contain sixty ; so that there is accommodation for three hundred and sixty-two persons. Each story is supplied with cold, hot, and vapour baths. In the basement are cellars, kitchens, laundry, Sec. The entire premises contain an area of about six acres, laid out in gardens and promenade grounds for convalescents. . ^'T** S SHP>HMMlli.ln leaving the St. Louis Gate, let the 1 raveller ascend the counterscarp on the left, that leads to the Glacis of the Citadel ; and hen.e pursuing a direction to the rioht, let him approach one of the Martello fowers, whence he n,ay enjoy a beautiful view of the St. Law- rence. A little beyond let him ascend the r.ght bank, and he reaches the celebrated Plains of Abraham near the spot where General Wolfe fell. On the highest ground, surrounded by wooden fences, can clearly be traced out the redoubt where he received the fatal wound. He was carried afew yard i to the rear and placed against a rock till he expired. Tt has since been removed. Withm an enclosure lower down.and near to the road i^tl'« «"'"«- well from which they brought him water. The Enghsh riaht nearly faced this redoubt, and on this position the French left rested. The French army arrived on the Plains from the right of this position, as it came from Beauport and not from Quebec ; and, on being defeated, retired down the heights by which it had ascended, and not into Quebec. In front of the Plains fro.i this posi- tion stands the house of Marchmont. It is erected on the site of a French redoubt that once defended the ascent from Wolfe's Cove. Here landed the British army under VN'olfe's command, and, on mounting the banks, carried this detached work. The troops in the Garrison are usually reviewed on the Plains.— The Tourist may farther enjoy a beautiful ride. Let him leave by St. •■»*» THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 109 recal autlful iveller Glads to the owers? Law- bank, ear the ground, ed out ile was a rock thin an 5 stone- English ion the on the [le from efeated, led, and liis posi- cted on ded the British ting the )S in the 2 Tourist e by St. Louis Gate and pass the Plains, and he will arrive at Marchniont, the r'-operty of John Gih«onr, Esq. The former proprietor, Sir John Harvey, went to considerable expense in laying out the grounds in a pleasing and taste- ful manner. His successor. Sir Thomas Noel H.ll, also resided here, and duly appreciated its beaut.es. 1 he view in front of the house is grand. Here the Kiver widens and assumes the appearance of a lake, whose sur- face is enlivened by numerous merchant-ships at anchor, and immense rafts of timber floated down from yanous parts of the Upper Province for shipment to England, timber being one of the principal exports from the Cana- das On leaving Marchmont he will pass some beautiful villas, whose park-like grounds remind one of England, and from some points in which are commanded views worthy of a painter's study. Among these villas may be mentioned Wolfesf.eld, Spencer Wood, and Woodheld The last was originally built by the Catholic Bishop of Samos and, from the several additions made by subsequent nroprie'tors, had a somewhat irregular, though picturesque, appearance. It was burnt down, and rebuilt i" »»■"«■•«- ju ar style. It is now the residence of James G.bb, Esq. In this neighbourhood is situated Mount llermoa Cemetery. It is about three miles from Quebec on the south side of the St. Lewis Road, and slopes irregularly but beautifully down the cliff which overhangs the St. Lawrence. It is thirty-two acres in extent, and the grounds weie tastefully laid out by the late Major Doug- b ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^JclrJn had been nre- lass, U. b. i:ngineers, wuosi: uoic a»u.. .-- -- no THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 4 :!l^ 1 viously shewn in the arrangement of Greenwood Ceme- tery, near New York. A carriage drive upwards, of two miles in extent, affords access to all parts of the grounds, and has been so arranged as to afford the most perfect view of the scenery. The visitor, after driving over the smooth lawn-like open surface, finds himself suddenly trans- ferred by a turn of the road into a dark avenue of stately forest trees, from which he emerges to see tlie broad St . Lawrence almost beneath him, with the City of Quebec, and (he beautiful slopes of Point Levi in the distance. Many beautiful monuments now adorn the grounds, some of which are from Montreal and some from rScotland, but the great majority are the productions of Mr. Felix Morgan, of Quebec, and do great credit to his taste and skill. Many of them are beautiful and costly structures of Italian marble. A neat Gothic Lodge at the entrance of the grounds, contains.the office and residence of the superintendent. Jn the former a complete plan of the grounds is kept, every separate grave being marked upon it with its appropriate number, so that at any future time, on consulting it, the exact spot of interment can be ascertained, and the Register which is also kept affords information, respecting the places of birth, age, and date of death. A large vault, perfectly secured with iron doors, has been constructed for the pur- pose of receiving bodies, during the winter when immediate interment is not desired ; and it is contemplated shortly to *«-«♦ « cinfahlp stone chanel in the Gothic stvle, the plans and specifications of which have been prepared. ■■rr wr ■ T ' l T" THE CANADIAN TOURIST. Ill On leaving this lovely spot, the -'« cont.nue hK.^ the woods on the edge of the banks ns.ng from the shore. O the so„th side are distinguished the -" o«c u.sj. t ^ Etchenun and Chaudiere pouring m the.r tnbute wa s At Pointe aux misseaux the road leads down to b. cry cl 'r The view fnuu this point would afford an excellent composition for the brush of the '-'^-''I'7?-"';;; ^ fore reaching the ascent to the vdla "f «-/ f"^; Macnider is an old stone house, formerly .nhab.tebj he ,,,oine of " Emily Montague," near « >-^" -* ^.^ of what was ouee a large stone chapel ^ ^^^ as are unacquainted with tins novel w. 1 hnd m U a f a h picture of the manners and cond.t.on o the Colo Ihen Canada first became a British colony A e beyond is the villa of Kilgraston. Hence the Pouns • St d of returning by a road conducting through a w od St. Louis lload for (Juebec.wiU do betterby conl.n- r. his ride to the Church of St. Foy, fron, winch ,s seen befow .he ?t. Charles glid.ng smoothly through a lovely :; whose sides rise gradually .0 the mountains an dare U era ly covered with hah.tations. The villages 0. Lo, Ue Id cLrleshourg are conspicuous ohiects. Beiore^e.. - i„g the suburb of St. John, on the banks of St. Cha It* I'nds the Genera, Hospital, designed, as the name ..np -^ for the disabled and s.ck of every description. Charlevou Is that " it is the finest house in Canada, and would be no d paragement to our largest houses in France; he ",?.'!!. T.:.„nets formerly owned the ground on wh.ch ,t iuZVM.de St. Valuer, Bishop of Quebec, removed 1(1. 112 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. . (i'l I I them into the city, bought their settlements, and expended one hundi-ed thousand crowns in building, furniture, and foundations." The first ecclesiastics in Canada were Kecollets, four in number, brought out by Champlain in 16 If). Their original habitation, consisting of a small lodge and seminary, was on the spot where the General Hospital now stands. It was commenced before 1620. In 1690 the Recollets were induced to remove to grounds where the Episcopal Church now stands. This founda- tion was at first under the charge of the Sisters of the Congregation, but in 1692 under that of the Hoqiitalieres or Nuns of the Hotel Dieu ; from which community it received its Superior and twelve professed Nuns. In 1701 the Nuns of the Geiieral Hospital were made a separate and independent community. At present it is governed by a Superior, at the head of fifty Nuns and a few Novices and Fostulantes. The appearance, exter- nal and internal, is regular and pleasing. The mule patients are lodged on the ground-floor, and the females in that above. The Nuns are distinguished for the manu- facture of Church ornaments and for their skill in gdding. The produce of their works is added to the general fund of the Institution, whose support is chiefly drawn from the revenue of the landed property that has been granted tc it from time to time. The deficiency is sometimes supplied by grants from the Provincial Parliament. A neat chapel is attached to the establishment. On the opposite side of the road are two houses, one of which was appropriated to the treatment of persons labouring under insanity, who ■••■■■••■'■•""■'^"■'■■^■wvr' THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 113 have since been removed to the Government Lunatic Asylum at Beauport, and the other as a dwelling-house for servants employed in a farm belonging to the establishment. A day's excursion lo Indian Lorette and Lake St. Charles would gratify, we doubt not^ many a Tourist. It will be necessary to leave by six o'clock, A. M.. and to take provisions for the day. A caleche is the best con- veyance for the trip. After leaving the Palace Gate, the site of the former Intendant's Palace is passed. M. Bigot was the last Intendant who resided in it. The most pleasant road to Lorette is along the banks of the St. Charles. On arriving at the village, the best view is on the opposite bank. The fall is in the fore- ground, and the church and village behind. The villagers claim to be descended from those Hurons, to whom the French Monarch in 1651 gave the seigniory of Sillery. In the wars between the French and English the Hurons contributed much to the suc(;ess of the former, as they were one of the most warlike tribes among the aborigines of this continent. At present they area harmless quiet set of people, drawing only part of their subsistence from fishing and hunting. A Missionary is maintained by Government for their relis^ious instruction, and the school- master belongs to the tribe. Here may be purchased bows and arrows, and moccasins very neatly ornamented by the sruaws. On arriving at Lake St. Charles, by embarking in a double canoe, the tourist will have his taste for picturesque mountain scenery gratified in a high degree. The lak-e is 114 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. It four miles long and one broad, and is divided into two parts by projecting ledges. The lake abounds in trout, so that the anglino- tonvisl may find this spot doubly inviting. On the route ba. ^ to th. city the viUage of Charlesbourg is passed. It is one of the oldest and most interesting settle- ments in Canada. It has two churches, one of which is the centre ot the surrounding farms, whence they all radi- ate. The reason for this singuhir disposal of the allotments arose from (he absolute necessity of creatmg a neighbour- hood. For this purpose each farm was permitted to oc- cupy only a space of three acres in front by thirty in depth. Population was in these days scanty, and labc urers were difficult to be procured. By this arrangement a road was more easily kept up in front of each farm, and it was the duty of every proprietor to preserve such road. Another advantage was the proximity of the church, whence the bell sounded the tocsin of alarm, whenever hostile attempts were made by the Indians, and where the inhabitants rallied in defence of their possessions. In this place we are desirous to acknowledge our oblioations to the labours of Alfred Hawkins, Esq. whose " Picture of Quebec with Historical Eecollec- tions" we cordially recommend to all Travellers and others, who would possess themselves of a work re- plete with minute information on the previous history and present condition of this Province. We take the liberty of presenting our readers almost verbatim^ with the fol- lowing- interesting: extracts, and thus conclude our notice of llie ancient Capital of Canada. — The approacii to the H' -^.f^ ^of'^mmmm^mttmim^ ' if m m P 1H » H !■ k l i pi ll THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 115 Citadel, whicl. is nearly two hundred feet l.igher than the ground on vvhith tl.e Upper Town is situated, is by a windin- road made through tl.e acclivity of the Glacu from St. Louis Gate, and commanded everywhere by the .runs of the dirterent bastions. This leads into the out- ward ditch of tl,e ravelin, and thence into the pnncpal ditch of the work, built on both sides with walls of solid masonry, and extending along the whole circumference of the Citadel on the land and city sides. The main entrance is tbrouoh a massive gate of admirable construction, called Dalhomie Gate in honour of the Earl of Dalhousie, who succeeded tlie Duke of Richmond, as Governor-m-Chief of these Provinces, in 1820. Within are the Main- Guard-rooms for a detachment and an officer, who are relieved every day ; and in front is a spacious area used as a parade-ground, or rather an enlargement of the ditch formed by the retiring angles and face of the bastion. This is a splendid work, presenting a most august appear- ance, and eomuining strength and symmetry with all the modern improvements in the art of fortification. In the face of this bastion are loopholes for the fire of musquetry ; on the top are embrasures for cannon. The loopholes serve also for the admission of air and light into the case- mated barracks within for the troops composing the Gar- rison. They are commodious and well adapted for com- fort and safety, being well ventilated, and proof against fire and missiles of every description. On the top of T, 7. ,•_ 73„„*;,,,, ;., .,n ovtonviive covered wav. orbroao ith embrasures for mountin;; cannon, com- gravel walk, .» t 1 'ri^ijj ^ii 1; t ^ ! 1 '* ^ 5 i 1 > ! i ^ I! 116 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. manding every part of the Ditch and Glacis, and every avenue of approach to the Citadel. From this elevated spot is obtained an extensive and delightful view of the surrounding scentry, forming a panorama that competent judges have pronounced not inferior to the celebrated Bay of Naples. An equally magnificent view is obtained from the summit of the Cavalier, at the eastern ex- tremity of the Citadel, and also from the Observatory on its western point towards the Plains of Abraham. Within the Citadel are the various magazines, store- houses, and other buildings required for the accom- modation of a numerous Garrison ; and immediately overhanging the precipice to the south, in a most pic- turesque situation looking perpendicularly downwards ' on the River, stands a beautiful row of buildings, containing the mess rooms and barracks for the officers, their stables and spacious kitchens. The fortifications, which are continued round the whole of the Upper Town, consist of bastions connected by lofty curtains of solid masonry, and ramparts from twenty-five to thirty-five het in height and about the same in thickness, bristling with heavy cannon, round towers, loopholed walls, and mas- sive gates recurring at certain distances. On the summit of the Ramparts from Cape Diamond to the Artillery Barracks is a broad covered-way^ or walk, used as a place ofrecreati:;n by the inhabitants, and commanding a most agreeable view of the country towards the west. This i-«^^_o vvci iiic lup ui ot. .iuiins and bt. JLoms Gale,, where there is stationed a sergeant's guard. Above St ' '-fH'mnfmi^ lt I' M*' ■» i* ■! I ■ -jrin I ■»! 1 ■ ii%n uy ppi| THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 117 John's Gate there is at sunset one of the most beautiful ' lews imaginable The St. Charles 2;amboling, as it were in tlie rays of the departing luminary, the light still Imger- ing on the spires of Lorette and Charlesbourg until it fades away beyond tlie lofty mountains of Bonhomme and • Tsounontliiian, present an evening scene of gorgeous and surpassing splendour.— The city, bemg defended on the land side by its ramparts, is protected on the other sides by a lofty wall and parapet, based on the cliff and com- mencing near the fet. Charles at the Artillery Barracks. Tliese form a very extensive range of buildings, the part within the Artillery-Gate being occupied as barracks by the officers and men of that distinguished corps, with a guard and mess room. The part without the Gate is used as magazines, storehouses, and offices for the Ordnance Department. These buildings were erected by the French before 1750 on the site of others which had formerly stood there. T'hey are well secured against fire, and are nearly six hundred feet in length by about forty in depth. —Immediately adjoining the Artillery Barracks, and con- necting the works on the left with their coatinuation along the St. Charles, stands Palace-Gate, having a guard-house attached on the right. This has lately been rebuilt, and is the most classical and beautiful of the five Gates. Though perfectly strong fo^ all purposes of defence, it has an airy and light appearance, not unlike in design the gates of Pompeii. It stands at the northern extremity of l^ilace Street, which was so called from leading to the intendant's House or Palace, which formerly stood on the 118 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. '% II ^> m •i i I ii! ! t 111- beach of the St. Chai. ;s outsiJe of the Gate, on the site of the Ipresent Queen's Wood-yard. This building was destroyed during the siege by the American iroops under General Arnold in 1775. From Palace-Gate the fortifi- cations are continued along the brow of the cliff overlook- ing the mouth of the St. Charles until they reach Hope- Gate, a distance of three hundred yards. Abroad and level walk divides the out^vard wall from the possessions of the community of the IIotel-Dieu. The wall near Hope-Gate and Guard-house is loopholed for musquetry. At Hope-Gate commences the gradual elevation of the ground which terminates at the eastern point of Cape Diu- mond. Beyond the Gate the wall is continued until it reaches a point opposite St. George Street and the store house at the angle of the Seminary Garden. Here it reaches the perpendicular di^ Sault an Matelot, or Ma- te/ofs (Sailor's) Leap, so called from a favourite dog of that name that there fell over the cliff, on part of which Champlain commenced his first settlement in 160S. From this eminence the Grand Battery, mounting a range of heavy guns carrying balls of thirty-two pounds, commands the Basin and Harbour below. In front of the Grand Battery, which extends to the Bishop's Palace, and where the escarpment of the cliff is nearly three hundred feet above the water, the stone parapet is but a few feet high. The black artillery, as Professor Silliman observes, " look like beasts of prey crouching and ready to leap upon their victims. " — Close to the Bishop's Palace, long used as the place where the Provincial Legislature met, THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 119 fs Prescott-Gate with its Cxuard-liouse. Under its arch is the principal avenue to the Lower-Town by Mountain Street. It is protected by powerful defences, and by works which connect it on the right with the for- mer Castle of St. Louis. Here the stone-rampart forms part of that ruin, and is supported by buttresses budt upon the solid rock, and immediately overlooking the Lower Town, at an elevation of more than two hundred feet. To the south-west side of the Castle is the Government Garden, one hundred and eighty yards long by seventy broad, within which a small battery commands part of the harbour. In front, the fortifications are continued three hundred yards, until they reach the foot of the Glacis or acclivity towards Cape Diam-nd, crowned at that point by the Round I'ower and Flagstaff. The extent of the Ramparts towards the land-side, from the south-west an- o-le of the citadel to the clffF above the St. Charles, is stated to be eighteen hundred and thirty-seven yards- Within this rampart is the Esplanade, a level space cover- ed with grass, between St. Louis and St. John's Gates. Here are mounted the several guards on duty at the Citadel and other public buildings each forenoon, except Sabbath, at eleven o'clock ; and here occasional parades ol ,e Garrison take place, particularly on the Queen's birth-day. The circuit of the Fortifications enclosing the Upper Town is two miles and three quarters ; the total circumference outside the ditches and space reserved by 1 • 1- - _ v.^,,r^r. «or> Vko l^nilf o" tlr^ west Government, on which nu iiuu.-5c uau i^^ '^••—'^ ^'' ^— side, is about three miles. Generally speaking, the Cify 120 iilE CANADIAN TOURIST. If I t 1 1 • . *' '' '' 1 • Ml. 'ii 1 ' ii r :''■ : t!^; ! iTjay be said to be entirely surrounded by a lofty and strong wall of bewn stone, constructed witb elegance as well as with regard to durability. The castellated appearance produced by the battlements, ditches, embrasures, round towers and g:ates, adds much to its grand and imposing effect from without. 1 here are five Gates, opening in dif- ferent directions to the country, the suburbs, and the Lower Town. Towards the south-west are St. John's and St. Louis Gates, protected by out-works of great strength and powerful combination. Through the latter is the road leading to the Plains of Abraham and the Race-conrse. On the left of this ro- ' on the brow of a sli"-ht ascent about halfwav to the Race-Stand, is one of the four Martello Towers erected at difterent distances between the St. Lawrence and the St. Charles. On these are mounted cannon to sweep the undefended plain below ; and they are so constructed that, if taken by an enemy, they can be easily laid in ruins by the shot of the Garrison, while on the side facing the Plains they are of immense thickness. Through St. John's Gate passes the road to the populous suburb of that name and to the beau- tiful village of St. Foy. Palace-Gate and Hope-Gate open to the St. Charles and the Lower Town. Prescott- Gate is the principal thoroughfare (o the Lower Town, and notwithstanding the steepness of the ascent, heavy burdens are conveyed up with comparative ease by the- small but bardv b.orses of Norman breed, which the carters generally employ. Hope Gate and Prescott Gate are called in honour of the Lieutenant Generals and D 2 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 121 Commanders-in-Chief, Henry Hope (1775) and Robert rrescott (1796-9).— Having made the circuit of the Fortifications, it seems necessary to notice the different barracks and military buildings for the accomodation of the troops com'-osing the Garrison. Besides those con- tained within I '^ Citadel and the Artillery Barracks, the spacious building in the Market-Place, formerly the Col- lege of the Jesuits, has long been occupied by the C^ueen's troops under the name of the '•' Jesuits' Barracks." The principal entrance is from the Maiketriace, opposite the French Cathed.'al. To the left of this entrance is a large door opening into a hall. Here is the room set apart for the Garrison Library, the property of the military, con- taining many valuable books and maps. A little beyond the Gate is the Barrack-office, ne irly opposite to the Scotch Church.-In the Place d'Armes, opposite to the Court-House, is tlie Commissariat Office.— xibout halfway between this and St. Louis Gate is a building on the left, occupied as quarters for such officers of tlie Garrison as do not reside in the Citadel, in rear of which is the spaci- ous mess-room.— At the end of an avenue or court lead- ing out of St. Louis Street is the Military Hospital, a building completely provided with every necessary appointment.- Adjoining to the St. Louis Gate, and fronting to the Esplanade, is the Royal Engineer Office ; and in the rear are the spacious yard and workshops of the Hoyal Sappers and Miners, a detachment of which corps is always statiored in Quebec. The officers of the Royal Engineers have charge of the fortifications and of all mili- 129. THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ill ll! i I >! |] ll tary works.--The Government Laboratory is on the rigbt hand of the road leading to tlie Citadel, opposite to the Royal Engineer Yard, and stands on the site of an old pomler magazine, close to which Ihe remains of General Montgomery were interred on January 4th, 1776. The following elegant peroration is from the pen of Professor Silliman, who visited Quebec in 1819 :— " Quebec, at least for an American city, is certainly, a very peculiar place. A military town— containing about twenty thousand inhabitants— most compactly and perma- nently built— environed, as to its most imp--^ant parts, by walls and gates— and defended by nn. --i:. .icavy cannon — crarrisoned by troops having the arn. % d costume, the mutic,the discipline,of Europe— foreign in language, feat- ures and origin, from most of those whom they are sent to defend- founded upon a rock, and in its highest p^irts overlooking a great extent of country— between three and four hundred miles from the ocean— in the midst of a great continent and yet displaymg fleets of foreign merchantmen in its fine capacious bay— and showing all the bustle of a crowded sea-port— its streets narrow, populous, and wind- in^ up and down almost mountainous declivities — situated in the latitude of the finest parts of Europe— -exhibiting in its environs the beauty of an European capital— and yet in winter smarting with the cold of Siberia— governed by a people of ditVerent language and habits from the muss of the population— opposed in religion, and yet leaving that population without taxes and in the full enjoyment of every privilege, civil and religious. Such are the prominent THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 123 features wluch strike a stranger in the city of Quebec V The Tourist will of course visit the Fall of Montmo- renci, and, if an admirer of nature in her lovely grandeur,' may be induced thereafter to extend his excursion to the Falls of St. Anne (a distance of upwards of twenty miles from Quebec), which many travellers have pronounced unsurpi^ssed in any quarter of the globe. For this pur- pose he will leave the City by passing over Dorchester Bridge across the St. Charles, whence he will pass alonu pleasant cottages and handsome villas to the village of Beauport, in which is conspicuous the Church with its three spires. The admirably managed Lunatic Asy- lum for Eastern Canada is situated close to the vil- lao-e. Before reaching the Mills a road on the lelt leads to the hamlet of Bourg Royal at the base of the mountains. Two miles beyond are the remains ot an old French chateau with a scanty clearance embosomed by the forest. It was built by a French Intendant or Governor for his mistress. Notwithstanding the se- clusion of the spot his wife discovered the secret, and found means to have her rival poisoned. The hci/ji- tans superstitiou.ly consider the spot as haunted ^by the spirit of the unhappy one. During General VVolfe^:. siege the ladies of Quebec took shelter here, and were undis- covered. In the neighbourhood of the Fall the geologist may find not a little to interest him. The Fall is near- ly two hundred and fifty feet high, thus greatly exceeding the Falls of Niagara. It was named by Champlain in honour of his pairon, the Duke de Montmorenc!, prime I; THE CANADIAN TOUWST n house, close to tl.e 124 ,ninls,e.- of r.ancc. ^^^ ^^fZ^^of^^^'-'^''^ Fall, «n.l commanding the b • ^^^^ ^.^^.^^^^^^ ,f the General llaleUma.ul, wl.o ^w. ■ ^^^^_ ^^ ^^^ ^fj^r- rrovince of Quebec trom f ' f^^i^er of Qneen .anls occupied by the ^ J^^^ ,f o. B. IM, Viclona, and is «-;;'';;,;,; sa.-mills at .l,c foot Esq.,thopvop.ietOVof -- ^^^^^ y, f„st of the Fall. ^-V Xlu. 10.S of .even hundred attempt, and «as repul.ed ^ utl. ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^..^ge Hessians. On the oppos.te s.Ue ^^^^ ^^^ ^^_^ thrown across tbc Mon.moren ., s -^^^^^^^ ^.^^^^ ^^ ,,, ,ecep..on ^^ ^--"-^'; ir ^of ".eauport and the city F.„, as it embraces the via , ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ of Quebec. Another good .ew ^^^^^.,^ ^ --^-\'\t''T;::rM>--Law.,ates con- mile to the Mdls. The U ^.^^^^ ^^ ^^^.^_ t,„ talning- seventy saws, »" ' ^'^^ ^^^ ,,„,,, a„d three ^ew Mill has .yo^--^-.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ circular saws. 1 ht cxir. ; . jt may be re- J.,aural St,., is ->-;^;>-.,;, ;: r:he naturaL, that. .„»,.Ued as an object "^ "^^^ ^,„,, ^he Fall, the level when the St. Lawrence .s ^ b ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^_ ,,e becomes a -If 7" ^.lous deposit, and gradual- .eending as >^^-:^^^Z, aimcLions towards the ,yassun>esaconn: 1 10 no^^.^^^^ vary in each season close of wmter. 1 best * ^^^^ ^^^^^^ p,.^. ......:„^tr,theauantity ot spiay "' . , , „f „„„ T m"0 the cone attatntu w^ o duces. In 1«-' ^". , , ■ u St it has been ob- , hundred and twenty-s.x feet, the h.ghest THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 125 tlie by the ter- leen Tail, foot first idred ridge r tlie of the e city of the arly a s con- Tbc d three lied the be re- st, that, lie level ray: de- gradual- ards tlie b season ater pro- it of one been ob- served to attain. The face of the cone next the Fall presents a stalactitical structure, occasioned by the dash- in. of the water against it. The whole is tinged with an eanhy hue, which is no doubt derived from the very mi ute part-des of the bed of the Montmorenci conveyed with the spray into the atmosphere. The formation of this cone may serve to explain the mode in which glaciers have been formed. It is manifest, that, were the supply of frozen spray never interrupted by an increase of tem- perature, as is annually the case, the coneys dimensions would incessantly increase. If the cone rested on an inclined plane instead of a horizontal base, the enlargmg bulk and increasing weight would at length cause its sub- si lence to lower levels. As the portion thus deposited would continue to receive accessions from above, a pcrma- ment frozen mass would be the result, and the cone would become a glacier. Professor Forbes treats of this sub- ject in a most interesting and scientific manner m Ins « Travels in the Alps."— A Suspension 13ndge is erecting immediately over the Falls, which will add greatly to the effect of this charming scene. It is unnecessary to enu.ncr- ate the variety of features in Canadian scenery which may induce the Tourist to loiter on the road between Mont- morenci and St. Anne. At this season of the year groups of Canadians of both sexes may be seen busily employed in hamng or beating llax. On most of the farms there is raised a quantity sufiicient for the consumption of each family. Indeed the stranger cannot fail to have observed, that the country population is chitfly clothed in home- n ! .ill iii«! m : ill I 126 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. spun woollen cloth and coarse linen, althougl- English b'oad-cloth and Irish linens m.y to a '-';'' ^^J^ displayed on Sabbaths and fete-days. C atean R ch , one the very few ruins in Canada belong.ng o t t Seminary, is interesting, from historical assoc.at.on. It environs afford abundant sport to smpe-s ooters Two M u 1 iUo ririteau it is worth the Tourist s while miles beyonil the Chateau it to devote half an hour to the Falls ot La 1 uce. i e , . t!t„ Annp" has Ion"- been an oii- Chnrch of " La bonne bte. Anne has .on„ jcctof interest from the miracnlous cures sa.d to h ve leen wrought on the visitors to the shr.ne. The walls d.- play crutches and other helps to suffering human.ty, w.tl ll -eh the halt and the lame were enabled to d.spense an which they left as memorials of the eff.cacy of the.r fa.th in the power of the Saint ! In connection w>th St Anne it may be stated that pigeons in vast numbers yearly v,s>t Canada, when the inhabitants not only get an ample supply for their own subsistence, but send such numbers to mar- ket that in CJuebec they are sold at as low a pr.ce as a shilling per dozen, and sometimes even at a less rate. 1 parisldoners of St. Anne are much spoken of for he suc- cessful means which they have adopted for kdhng and takin.^ alive thousands of these birds ; and the stranger on enquiry can learn the method, by which the sportsman seldom fails 10 bring down all the pigeons as they set le on the loftiest trees, and hew, by means ol pcrpend.cular nets and poles managed by pulleys, whole flocks are entrapped. Two n.iles beyond the vUlage of =.t iumc at the Toll-bridge on the river of this name, the 1 ounsl THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 127 nglisli nt be .icher, ;o tlie . Its two n , while The an ob- have ills dis- y, with \se, and sir faith fc. Anne rly visit a supply to mar- ice as a e. The the suc- ling and stranger )ortsman ley settle endicular ocks are St. Anne, e Tourist „.aybe comfortably accom-nodated, and v.U meet w. A civility and kindness. Hence he can procure a gu.de to the Fall., which are ntuat.d about three miles further on. The ascent commands extensive views of Quebec and the surrounding country. After continuing his journey for a mile and a half on a level' but rather rough and weansome path through a forest, the Tourist suddenly descends and finds himself enclosed in a r ,cky and wooded valley through the centre of which rushes the St. Anne and, forcing itself through a narrow chasm of the rocks at an anole of forty-five degrees, continues to roar and tumble toihe River below. We cannot afford space here for a description of the variety of awfully grand and in.posmg scenes, which a visit to these magnillcnt Falls wdl present to the Tourist's view. Snflico it to say, that the t.me slips unconsciously away, and, surprised by the mforma .on th'.t he has been on the spot for hours, he at length reluc- tantly turns aways, consoling h.n.self with the reilecUon that he can never efface the sublime picture from h.s nnnd. The Tourist should next cross from Quebec to To.nte Levi, with which a steam-ferry-boat keeps up a cons- tant communication, with the view of visiting the 1-al Is of the Chaudiere, distant about eight miles. On ascend- i„. the ha..k, and f.om different points along the ent.re ro"d to the .nouth of the Chaudiere, he will be grat.hed will, imposh.g views of tjuebec and its ship,m,g, and sur- :idi..gsceUs including the Isle of 0.1eans,tl. I a f M„„. i.nci. and the Plai.is of Abraha.n. Several neat"^llus adorn the road, in which citizens of Quebec re- 1^ 1^ ' ■V ^ty lll'l! Liii I 128 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. I', :3l ■■ side during the summer season. At a short distance be- yond Lauzon, the seat of Sir Henry Caldwell, which is in a charming situation, you cross the Etchemin by a wooden bridge. At its embouchure is a large causeway leading to this gentleman^s mills, an establishment well worthy of in- spection. Iliereafter the left side of the road is overshad- owed by lofty rocks till it reaches the Chaudiere, which is crossed by a ferry. Three miles beyond is a new road to the left, by pursuing which for a mile, availing yourself of a guide, who may be procured hard by, you will reach this celebrated Fall. Although yielding in grandeur to Nia- gara and Montmorenci, it possesses features more inter- esting than either. The river, in its course of one bun- dred miles over a rugged bed full of rapids and falls, is here narrowed to a width of between three hundred and four hundred feet, and is precipitated over a height of about one hundred and thirty feet, preserving the charac- teristic features of its hailing waters till it mingles with the St. Lawrence. Hence it has received the appropri- ate name of Chaudiere or Caldron. Instead of descend- ing in one continuous sheet, it is divided by large project- ing rocks into three channels or cataracts, which however unite before reaching tht^ basin below. A gloi)ular figure is imparted to the descending volumes of brilliant white foam, in consequence of the deep excavations of the rocks, and the clouds of spray produce in the sunshine a most brilliant variety of prismatic colours. The dark green foliage i/f the dense forests that overhang the torrent on both sides, forms a striking contrast with its snow-white r THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 129 II ce be- h is in ooden ling to of in- rsbad- hich is to the If of a ch this ) Nia- inter- e hiin- ialls, is sd and aht of D harac- s with iropri- sceud- roject- )\vever fio-ure white rocks, a most green 'ent on r-white foam. If the Tourist should be so minded, on returning half way to Pointe Levi, he may visit the Falls of the Etchemin by taking the road to his right. On returning to Pointe Levi, he may find time to walk to Aubigny Church, and wander for a while amongst the glades in f* front of it. Tn recrossing the St. Lawrence, the Tourist may be reminded of the striking contrast which the winter season presents here on land and water. Then the river is generally choked up with broken fields of ice exhibiting an endless variety of fantastic appearances. The haln- tans cross in canoes, and are frequently obliged to haul and push them forward among the blocks of ice. It is a rare occurrence for the ice lo be quite firm between Que- bec and Pointe Levi. When this is the case a sort of jubilee is indulged m, and persons are seen enjoying themselves in every direction by sleighing, sliding, skatmg, curling, &c. A ready communication betwixt both shores then takes place, as the track marked out by means of pine- branches as beacons, furms a road, over which hay, fire- wood, and other bulky articles are transported in tndnemtx or sledges. A similar laying-out of roads takes | lace on the taking of the Iliver at all the important thoroughfares, as in front of Montreal, Three Fvivers, &c. llie channel between the Isle of Orleans and the North Shore is frozen over annually, when tbe produce of that fertile spot can be conveyed to market. Thus far we have brought our companions, and various ^-^i ^Vrs eopppc of intPFPst we have visited with them, but we fear with many our fellowship will cease at the wharves j^ rfi^' 130 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. w itji nl I '''Si ' ill of the ancient city ; yet ^^o trust that a large '^ balance, to use an Americanism, will still continue their journey East, for a voyage to th« iSaguenay and the Lower St. Lawrence offers temptations that ought not to beresibted. Formerly this voyage was only made by the young nndthe hardy, for no means existed of reaching it except in fish- ing schooners or open bonis. Now, things are entirely ckinged, steamboats, well fitted for the work, leave Que- bec twice a week, and ere this summer's navigation close* probably daily. Ln any of these the trip may be made in perfect comfort and even luxury. For what these induce- ments are and how the time may be sp-nt, we avail our- selves of the description of one of last years voyages, furnished by a gentleman equally capable of appreciating and describing the scenery through which be passed. Trip to the Sagiieuay, " The Sao-uenay River can only be visited by to urists when there happens to be a steamboat put on for tliat ex- cursion especially, which is generally once a week, from Quebec during the summer months. You leave in the morning at seven o'clock, and passing down the St. Law- rence, put in at several places for passengers, which gives an opportunity of seeing the hahitans, and the old fashioned French settlements of St. Thomas, Eiver Quelle, Kamouraska, and many others, together with Orleans Island, Crano Island, Goose Island and the Pil- grims. The north and south shores of the river are thiciily studded with parish churches, having spires of tin ibted. ndthe n ilsh- [itirely Que- close« lade in nduce- lil our- )yao-es, elating d. to urists Lliat ex- ik, trcm J in the t. Law- ill gives the old , Eiver ler with the Pil- iver are es of til 13 which glitter in the sun like shining silver ; these, and the whitewashed farm-houses, form two ohjects characteristic of Lower Canada. L/ sunset you arrive at River du Loup. The water is quite salt, and the river, expanding to the hreadth of twenty miles, gives it tlic appearance of an open sea ; and it is much frequented as a sea-bathing place. '' Here you remain all night on board, so as to be ready for an early start at dawn, when you stretch across for the north shore, steerini^ for a great gap in the mountains. This is the mouth of the Saguenay, one of the most sin- e bay can drop their anchor .n thirty ''''xt view up this river is singular in many respect, ,,ur a e hour, as you sail along, precipice after prec.p.ce ilf Lf to' viel, as in a moving panoran. an yo sometimes forget the size and height of the objects > are contemplating, until reminded by seeing a s H^ on thousand tons lying Uke a small pinnace ""d- ^"^ - in. cliff to which she is moored ; for, even in these lemole i solate regions, industry is at work, and, aU ough vou cannot much discern it, saw-mills have been budt on :::7the tributary streamswhichfal, into the Sa^^ay But what strikes one most, is the absence of utach or ft and, for except in a few places where --t.n ^^^^^ .ushing through gloomy ravines, have --'-'l ^ ;° ^ detritus of the hills, and formed some f vial land at 1. n,outh. no coves, nor creeks, nor projectn., ^ocU.^^^^n i„ which a boat could fmd shelter, or any footing be " , ...••_ ^ ^4^««r» nil nf rock US- obtained. The cbaracierisiic ib -a ^^tc^^. . .-=- - - ag bruptly from the .ater ; a dark and «»esoUi -eg.on Ire all L cold and gloomy •, the mountains hidden .ith THE CANABiAN TOURIST. 133 bare lance inder m its usand miles, [\ sail Lching thirty jpects, jcipice id you ts you of one tower- remote Ithough built on guenay. each or torrents, own the id at the ; are seen >oting be rock ris- te region, dden with drivinsr mist, the water black as ink, and cold as ice. No duckj for lucks, nor sea gulls sittmg on the water, or screammg their prey. No hawks nor eag'es soaring overhead, although there is abundance of what might be called ' Eagle Cliffs,' No deer coming down to drink at the streams, no squirrels nor birds to be seen among the trees. No fly on the water, nor swallow skimming over the sur- face. It reminds you of *' That lake whose gloomy shore Sky-lark never warbled over.*' Two livino' things you may see, but these are cold blooded animals ; you may see the cold seal, spreading himself upon his clammy rock, watching for his prey. You may see him make his sullen plunge into the water, like to the Styx for blackness. You may see him emerge again, shaking his smooth oily sides, and holding a huge living salmon writhing in his teeth ; and you may envy the fellow faring so sumptuously, until you recollect that you have just had a hearty breakfast of fresh grilled salmon your- self, and that you enjoyed it as much as your fellow crea- ture is now enjoying his raw morsel. And this is all you see for the first twenty miles, save the ancient settlement of Tadousac at the entrance, and the pretty cove of L'Ance a I'Eau, which is a fishing station. " Now you r«ach Cape Eternite, Cape Trinity, and many other overhanging cliffs, remarkable for having such clean fractures, seldom equalled for boldness and effect, which create constant apprehensions of danger, even in a caliri, but if you happen to be caugat in a thunder-storm, the" D 3 :«! i%: m I 134 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. roar and .larlcness and flashes of lightning are perfe^tl, , At Wsl vol. terminate your voyage at Ha Ha appalling. Atlasl)oui ,,,„:„ u.e Indian langu- Bay, that is, smiling or laughing Bay n the m b aoe for you are perfectly charmed and relieved to anu. ri^ealtiful spot .here you 1...^.,.^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,,ore, boats and ^^^-^Z^^:, Canadians birds and anunals, a village, a c. , and Scottish Highlanders, and n. short, there is not.un e"„ remind one more of a scene in Argy es lure. \o" Tve ow come upon a more level and productive region there trees grow to some size, where saw-logs ca be Tot vh saw-mills can be erected, where agriculture !'b carried on. where excellent wheat is raised, and heavi r crops of clover and meadow grass than can be fomd in mo e southern parts, and where plenty of vegeta- 1, en be rai>ed in gardens. In short, from this spot Dies can ueia. „ „f ti,„ „roun of mountains to the Ottawa river, in rear of the group oi Ihich bounds the north of the St. Lawrence, there lies an I ensive valley of excellent land, much better tnan what r n the borders of the river, and with a c .mate some- ::: milder, aadt.s valley w^^^^^^^ t:'::x.:c::::t:^^. -oug^h the ...ge, err^ini g nto the na.ur. of what appears a very thnvmg e iTement, the inhabitants seem to be all French and Sltch, Understanding each others language. ^ndUvm^g in perfect amity. You hear that Mr. Tr.ce, «. ^-^-^c, the gentleman to whom all this improvement .s due That it is he who has opened up the Saguenay country, THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 135 ctlj Ha igu- rive bbly ibor, lians bing You gion, XI be ilture , and an be jgeta- > spot intains lies an 1 wbat some- Livated w balf village, :b riving cb and \ living <,»V U Vi tJ V,' V y is due, country, having erected many sjivr-mllls, each the nucleus of a vil- lao:e, and that a trade in sawed lumber is carried on to the extent of one humlred ship loads in the season. The river is navigable for ships as far as Chicoutimi, about seventy miles from its mouth. An extensive lumbering establishment is there, and the timber is collected in winter throuo-h all the neijrhbourino: countrv as far as Lake St. John, which is fifty miles further up, and is the grand source of the Saguenay, " After having seen and hoard all this, you get on board, weigh anchor, pass again down the river, reviewing the solemn scene, probably meet nei'.her vessel, boat nor canoe, through all the dreary way, and arrive at the mouth of the river in time to cross to River du Loup, where you again find a safe harbour for the night. Next day you again pass up the St. Lawrence, stopping for a short time at Murr ,y Bay, a beautiful grassy valley on the North Shore, surrounded by wooded mountains, and much frequented by Quebec families as a bathing place. You arrive at Quebec in the evening, thus taking just three days foryoar excursion at an cxpence of about $12." Quebec to Richmond by Railwayt Havins: ^^"s visited the Ultima Thule of Canadian scenery — having seen all that the St. Lawrence can offer from the sublime Niagara, with its beauties lying amid civilization and civilized life, to the wild and stern shores of the Saguenay, the tourist may now fairly turn his face homeward, and we shall, with his permission, accompany •f h m m hil) ::'t 136 THE CANADIAN TOURISXi 1:1 i lum yet a little way on his journeying, as in fact ouv routes are the same at least to Montreal. This we suggest do.ng by railway. A steamer carries us across from Quebec co the Station of the Grand Trunk Railway Company, at Hadlow gove, where wharves, engina-houses and a turn- table have heen constructed at a great expense, and of a ,ery durable description. At f.r.t the roaa keeps along the bank« of the river as far as Point Lev. M.lls, whej-e it commences an ascent to vhat is called the Gap, by a f, ty feet gradient three and a-half miles, and thence to the Chaudiere, of which we have already spoken. The pomt of crossing is only a short way above the falls, thus ren- dering a visit to them much more easy than hitherto, though we still describe the old route for those who prefer a smart trot behind a fa^t Canadian pony and a good view of the country and Its people, to the rapid and view des- troying railrcad-car. The railway bridge is of iron, rest- ing on°nine piers, and to all but the traveller, who cannot see munh of it, is an object oj great attraction. The road is through a country that, for the greater part, is thinly settled, yet the intelligent observer will remark that the land is of a superior quality nearly throughout, so that in a few years a large population will soon occupy it. As it is there are only two or three villages on the whole route, Somerset, Stanfold and Danville being ihe most thriving. At Rn.hmond, nii'ety-six miles from Quebec, the road joins the Portland and Montreal branch-distant from the latter seventy miles. At Richmond the company have built a very comfortable station-house, with engine- houses, workshops, &c., c ' -•-al". utes oing c to , at urn- of a ilong rhere I fiftj the point . ren- lerto, prefer 1 view r des- i, rest- cannot jr part, remark bout, so cupy it. e whole le most Quebec, -distant lompany cngiuc- ! THE CANADIAN TOURIST. l;57 At this place the cars from Montreal to Portland meet those we have just arrived in from Quebec, and keep the ^' track clear." AVe shall go back to Montreal to meet and bring along those of our friends Vvho may have stopped shor<^ there. MouirCcJ to Hichmond by Railway. Travellers going South have the choice of three routes, one by the St. Lawrence and Champlain Pwailroad, another by the Montreal and New York Railroad, via Plattsburgh, whence passengers arc conveyed by steamer to Burlington, where they have a choice of routes^ and the third by the Eastern Townships to Portland. If the first is preferred the ferry steamboat must be taken to St. Lambert, immediately opposite the city, where the cars await the passengers — starting twice every day. If the second, cars are ♦aken to Lachine, thence across the St. Lawrence to the Indian Village of Caughnawaga, and from that by rail to Plattsburgh. The route by Portland is by far the most interesting, and, though less known as yet, is rapidly rising in the estimation of the travelling community. And assuming that our friends will follow our advice, we shall embark in (he steamer for the Lono-ueuil Station, inree miles btdow the town, and taking another view of tlie lovely Island of St. Helens, join the cars for Portland. The road proceeds through a dead level country, thickly settled by Canadians, whose white-washed cottages and long strips of land, with straight rail fences, gives a curious and by no means pleasing aspect to the landscape. The li .li'ii 11' \.:-S ' > m liff! I I! *.. : r 138 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. first break on the monotony is the arrival at the Kichelieu River, a broad and clear stream, connecting Lake Cham- plain with the St. Lawrence, into which it falls at Sorel. The cars go slowly over the large bridge which spans the river, and the traveller gets a beautiful view both up and down— looking upon one of the most fertile districts of Canada ; naturally, at least, fertile— for the impoverishing aystem of culture unfortunately pursued by the habitant has nearly exhausted the soil. It would be unfair, however, not to ytate that a great improvement begins to manifest itself in this respect, so much so thut we venture to say, if the march of improvement goes on for ten years at ihe rate it has down for the last five, the valley of the Riche- lieu will again become the granary of Lower Canada, a land flowing with milk and honey. A mile or so after crossing the bridge the cars stop nt St. Ililaire Stiilion. Immediately below the road is sutn the fine residence and grounds of Major Campbell, late of the 7th Hussars, a Scotch gentleman, owner of the Seigniory of Rouville. To the right is seen the Moun- tain of Beloeil, one oi those singular hills of which several rise suddenly from the perfectly level country lying be- tween ti.e Vermont Mountains and the St. Lawrence. To the top of this mountain there is a good road, and from the aummit a superb view is obtained of the Richelieu, the St. Lawrence, and the entrance to Lake Champlain. Li a basin near the top is a singular little lake of deep, clear, and cqqI water. The distance from Montreal being so ) visit the mountnin and the lake is a litth trip ihelieu IJhain- Sorel . ns the ip and lets of risliing ms has wever, auifest say, if at I he [lie he - lada, a stop at is sui-ii 11, late of the Moun- several i\g be- V re nee. lid froiift leu, the in. In ), clear, eing so :e is a fai THE CANADIAN TOURIST. fo! 13,9 ivourite Saturday's amuseme! the city, and the tourist, whose time permits, will find a few hours stay here by no means unprofitably spent. And if he chooses to delay longer he will find every com- fort in the Hotel at the foot of the mountain, for which accommodation the public is indebted to Major Campbell. Around this place the traveller will see many symptoms of the agricultural improvement above alluded to, and this mainly owing to the example of the gentleman we have just named, whose exertions to introduce improvement in system, breeds of cattle, seeds, A» mIo-.o ...jm,.. 1! natives of some of the wostern cities where no nativ v::ii;ac >. i. m t' ^'t?' e over ten years p .1 Mi ■Alt % ii\ t1 140 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. old con be found. Still St. Hyacintl.o is an active bustlin- little town with its three tliousand cheerful Cnna- dian in'habitants. There is a College and an excellent one-a Nunnery, several large Churches, a Court House and Jail. There is also an excellently supplied Market, .nd one or two capital Hotels with civil and obliging hosts who do not make long bills. In the neighbourhood are many excellent gardens and orchards. The train immediately on starting crosses the Yamaska Tliver by u handsome bridge, and in a few minutes we find ours(dves in the bush-througb which for a distance of thirty miles the road runs. Now a few settlers break the solitude with their clearings; but still except at the stations of Upton, A cton, and Durham, little has been done to clear away the ancient forest whirh formerly divided the Seigniories from the Eastern Townships. About eight mlLs after leaving the Durham Station, after de- scending the inclined plane between the two banks of a deep cutting, the cars suddenly rush out into the valley of St. Francis, crossing the river l)y a beautiful bridge full fifty feet above the dark water below. We are now into an entirely difi'erent country— the level fields, narrow farms, straight fences, :^nd white-washed cottages, are changed for a rolling and hilly country, with rough clearings, stumps, frame-houses, and all sorts of shaped ficilds, with snake or straight fences as the case may be. With the country wo have changed the people. A few minut'' ^ ago wo heard nothing but Frcjich coats and blue caps of ^.^A k i il I n I but grey li THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 141 are speakers— now all is English, with the staid business like men of our race about the Station at Uichmond, for here we are at Ptichmond again ready to join our friends from Quebec. Richmond to Goiiiam Station by Railway. The view from this place is exceedingly pleasing, above the station is seen the village of Richmond on the same side of the river, with its College on the hill, and the new Court-House on the other side, while immediately oppos- ite is the pretty little village of Melbourne. Between runs the St. Francis, here a broad but shallow river. All around is a well cleared and well farmed country, both banks sloping down to the clear" water. From Richmond the country is much as we have described all the way to Sherbrooke. At Brompton Falls the cars stop at the St. Francis Mills. These have been built only three years ago by an enterprising firm from Maine, and it is said are the largest and most complete saw-mills in Canada, probably in the world. The dam turns the whole river to the various flumes, and gives motion to ninety upright saws, with several circular saws and machinery for cuttin<^ laths, boxes, rails, rollers, &c. The mills are lighted by gis, manufactured in a gasometer adjoining, but so far removed as to obviate all danger from fire — which is further guarded against by a series of pipes and force pumps, which can in a few minutes deluo-e the whole build- ing, and arc worked by the water power. Although built in 1851, already a thriving village is • "•«■ 1. H i^ : ^i ii«!ir U2 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. • < : i I built around the mills. The timber is cut around the head waters of the St. Francis, and the quantity got out every keep hi year may be judged of if the passenger will Keep nis eye from this up to Sherbrooke on the river, which is literally covered, a distance of eight miles, with floating pine logs. Stierbrooke is the next place reached, and is the capita] of the Eastern Townships. It is a place of some impor- tance, and rapidly increasing — its present population is over three thousand. The town is situated on the St. Francis and is divided into two parts by the River Magog, which descends by a succession of falls in a considerable body of water, oiTering great facilities for manufactories. M;iny such establishments already exist ; but the property in the falls being in the hands of the British American Land Company, who wi^l only lease the water power for a term of yeirs, of course enterprise is checked, and the town of Sherbrooke is greatly injured by this wretched poli- cy. It is in spite of this great discouragement that the town increases as it does. As it is there are iron-foundiies, saw and grist mills, with pail, woolen, and other factories on the river. There is also a Court-IIouse„ Jail, Episcopa- lian, Independent, and Catholic Churches, with a well con- ducted Academy. The town is built «!j>on a hill, and from i\}e high ground the view up and down the valley of the St. Francis is exceedingly fine, for, liiuugh the land in the immediate vicinity is rough and broken, the country around is rich and the soil generally excelleiit. From this place a good road now leads to L;ike Memphramagog, distant fourteen logs. THE CAxXADIAN TOURIST. H3 miles. A trip to this lake is one every way interesting the scenery being equal, and by many ihouoht o-rand er than that of Lake George. The fishing is alio excellent] particidarly in the month of May, when an excellent fish, called the lake trout, is taken, weighing from ten to twen- ty-^ve pounds weight. A steantiboat plies all summer for tourists. And though the road spoken of is newly opened, a journey to see the scenery of Memphramagoii, and ascend the mountain called the Owl's Head, is becoming every day more and more a favorite. Leaving Sherbrooke by Railroad, you arrive at Lennox- ville in Ascot, distant three miles south of Sherbrooke, a beautifully situated village in the valley of the MasJa- wippi, at its junction with the St. Francis. In this delightful village is situated Bishop's College and the Grammar School in connection with it. These institut- ions are admirably managed, the terms of tuition and board are moderate, and the situation is both beau- tiful and healthful. A depot is established here for the convenience of the large and thriving settlements to the eastward. From this point, an excellent carriage road leads in an easterly direction through the fine Township of Eaton, settled now some thirty years, and thence to the new settlements of the British American Land Company in Bury and Lingwick, Eaton possesses two pretty villages, having each a comfortable country inn, and dis- tant twelve 1 es from Lennoxville, with which they have daily communication by stage, affording one of the pleasantest drives in the Eastern )wnships t ,' ft}' stage \l^. 1 u THE CANADIAN TOURIST. communication is also had thence through Bury to Ling*- wick, a distance of twenty-two miles beyond which ex- tend the vast territory of unconceded lands of the Crown, includino" the Lakes St. Francis and Megantic Mountain whose summit is supposed to he the highest point in the Townships. Excellent trout and other fine fish are cauffht in almost ail the streams and li>ke!<«, which every where abound in this wild region. This is now also one of the few districts in which the Moose Deer is to be found in any considerable numbers. Very many of these, the largest and noblest of Canada's wild animals, are taken both in winter and summer, and although the man- ner of hunting them at the different seasons varies very materially, it affords at all times animating and exciting sport. Returning to Lennoxville^ the Railroad leaves the valley of the St. Francis, proceeding up that of the beautiful iJassawippi, and at the distance of five miles enters the valley of the Coaticooke, at the northerly limit of the Township of Compton ; and thence up the western slope of this valley through the centre of the last named Township, and near the easterly line of Barnston, to the Province Line, a distance of twenty-eight miles from Lennoxville. In Compton, the Railroad passes near the village of Waterville in the north part of the Township, and about two miles west of the centre — the former is a thriving place, having a foundry, grist and saw mills. The other is an older place, and being in the centre of the Township, THE CANADTAN TOURIST. 145 ) Ling*^ ich ex- Crown, ountain t in the ish are 1 every w also is to be f these, Is, are e nnan- 3s very xciting es the of the J miles ly limit t^estern named , to the 5 from lage of about hriving e other unship, near the summit between th3 Coaticookc and Moe^s River Vallies, commands a beautiful and varied prospect. This Township is watered by the Coaticooko and Moe\s Rivers, which have a parallel course through it of about three miles apart, aHording numerous mill sites in their course. The country between these rivers, is moderately elevated, chiefly settled and well cidtivated. ^J1ie valley of the Coaticooke is broad and beautiful, affordino- a wide extent of alluvial meadow grounds. Two excellent car- nige roads pass from north to south through the Town- sh.p, one of which is continued through Barford and Hereford to the Province Line, at the head of the Con^ necticut. The drives ,n this Township alford a ^rent variety of fine scenery and are truly deliohtful. ^The traveller desirous of enjoying these, or visiting the Town- ships of Ilatley and Stanstead, should leave the cars at the Compton depot. From the latter place, continuing by rail, at the distance of about six miles, he reaches the north east part of Barnston. There is here an excellent water power, with gri^t and saw mills and a well kept country mn. A good carriage road leads from this village into the heart of the Township, to another prett. village. Barnston is one of the best settled of thl Townships, with excellent roads traversing it i„ everr direction. Having now reached the Province Line the tourist must retrace his steps to the Compton depot for the purpose of reaching Stanstead and the Magoc! Lake Leaving this, he first reaches Charleston Village'n Hat- untry, m\ I'm ley, distant five miles, passing through a beautiful ^'fi CO £ 146 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. II t i ii 'i'! 'i from some elevated points of which be will be constrained to pause and admire the rich scene spread out before him, which includes the bold Highlands or the west shore of the beautiful .Massawippi Lake, the north end of the (Ireen Mountain range on the west shore of the Magog Lake, some twenty-five miles distant, while the pictur- esque and broken outline of the Orford and Megantic mountains are seen in the far distance. From Charleston Village, a road of fourteen miles leads throuo-hlpart of Bartiston direct to Stanstead Plain, within a mile of the Province Line, passing through a delightful country, affording hne views of the Massawippi Lake and adjacent country. The Township of Stanstead was one of the earliest settled in the country, and is the most populous and wealthy ; excellent roads thread it in every direction, along which are every where found schools, churches, mills, and well stocked and cultivated farms. It also possesses three very considerable villages, that at tt.e Plain being the largest ; the next at Rock Island, on the Province Line, possesses an excellent water power and is a plaice of note for its commerce and manufactures ; the last, Georgeville, situated on the shore of the Magog Lake, and embosomed in hills, is one of the prettiest imaginable, when viewed from the Lake. It is now the general resting place of the throng of travellers, who annually visit the Lake and w\ rfM rw* ri rfc /M 1 »^ « /\ /^ H vvrl^irkn v^^rfcTy iiici^iTr l-v n 4- r\^fvy r\f\ vn^S .^^lini T* ^^*»_ land of Canada. This Lake is from twenty-five to thirty miles in length, by a width of two, and runs several miles i( THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 147 trained before it shore 1 of the Magog pictur- egantic IS leads , within :lightful ike and earliest us and 1, along Us, and )ssesses :ing the 3 Line, of note geville, osomed ed from of the ke and 3 thirty i\ miles into the adjoining State of Vermont. A steamboat, " The Mountain xMaid ", has been placed on its waters, running dailj between Newport at its head in Vermont, and Magog at its outlet. No tourist should omit taking a trip on this Lake, ,nor making the ascent of the Owl's Head, a mountain five thousand feet high, on its western shore, at the base of which he will find comforta- ble accommodation at the Mountain House Hotel. From Georgeville there is a steam-ferry which crosses to Bolton shore, from which conveyance may be had by a tri-weekly Hue of stages through Bolton, Brome, Dunham and Stan- bridge to St. John's, about sixty miles. The places last named, are fine Townships containing several villages, and a large agricultural population. Having thus in a cursory and imperfect manner intro- duced the traveller into the most settled and best cultivated of the Eastern Townships, (a great portion be- sides being utill covered with the primeval forest), a few observations upon the character and capabilities of the country generally, may not be deemed irrelevant. The climate is similar to that of Montreal, and considerably milder than that of Quebec. It is eminently salubrious and entirely free from ague, intermittent fever, and other epidemics which prevail in some parts of Western Cana- da, and the adjoining States ; and it should be mentioned, as evidence of the puHty of the air, that while the Asiatic Cholera has repeatedly raged with extreme virulence in all the surrounding countries, not a single case has occurred IB tliQ Eastern Townships. A !1 n 148 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 5 ) »■ The general appearance of the face of the country is most beautifully picturesque ; the land ri^es in gentle swells for miles together, the uncleared portions clothed wilh maple, beech, und birch, and otlier hard woods, while the vullies are generally timbered with hard wood and evergreens mixed, or wilh evergreens alone. In every direction are found plentiful rivultts of the purest and clearest water, which, uniting in the course of a few miles, form laroe brooks, and thus aflbrd every convenience for tlie erection of mills, &c., and also afford the angler abundance of spc L. Interpersed through most of the Townships are fund beautiful Lakes, varying from one mile to thirty, arJ filled in most cases with delicious fish. The general soil of the uplands in the Townships is a light loam, easily worked^ and yielding good returns for the labour of the farmer ; while in the lowlands, and along the shores of the stream are extensive alluvions, which, when cleared, are chiefly used as meadow land, and produce extraordinary large crops of hay. The whole country is particularly favorable for grazing, and the beef and mutton fed on vhe pastures of the Town- ships are fully equal to any In Car;ada. Leaving the Boundary Line, we pass up the Coaticooke River through the town of Norton to the Norton Pond, which lies partly in Norton and partly in Warren's Gore. Tlnence crossing: the summit between the waters which flow northerly directly into Canada, and those which run westerly into Memphrainagog Lake, we pass by Pher- ing River, through a corner of Morgan Township into • » THE CAxVADIAN TOURIST. H9 Wenlock, to Island Pond Iving- ip AVenlock and Brighton. This Iins been selected for the point of junction of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence and the St. Lawrence and Atlantic JIailways. ^Flie route from the Boundary to within a few miles of this point is through the forest, and the beauty of Island Pond and the adjacent st-ction of country seems still more striking' from the contrast which is presented. ^J^iie Pond is about two miles in length and three quarters of a mile in breadth, bordered by farms and beautiful natural scenery. No point could have been chosen for this junction possessing greater advantages than this. The depot grounds are spacious, and buildings commodious, an ' the lauds in the vicinity are susceptible of a high degree of cultivation. This'must become a favorite resort of pleasure-seekers, as the Pond is amply stocked with trout and pickerel, which here seem to have laid aside their old family feuds, and to have increased and multiplied time out of mind. The forest in the vicinity abounds in game, worthy the attention of sportsmen, and it will probably be many years before the shriek of the all conquering locomotive will nave entirdy driven the moose , the bear, and the deer, into retreats .still more secure. Leaving Island Pond, we pass along Spectacle Pond, so called from its supposed resemblance to a pair of specta- cles, and thence passing by level or gently descending grades through Brighton, Brunswick and Bloomfield', adjr^tanccof fourteen-and-a-half miles, we reach the Con- necticut River, the boundary between the States of New Hampshire and Vermont. This portion of the route is 1,1 |i m m : ,« I ^ i: li i^'l liJ 150 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. also through a continuous forest, though a passable carri- age road runs through Connecticut to a point some miles above Island Pond on the Phering River, and also down the Clyde (which rises in Island Pond) to Derby and the west. Soon after leading Spectacle Pond, the line crosses the summit between the waters flowing into the St. Lawrence, and these which seek the xillantic by the way of the Connecticut Ilivei. The West branch of the Nulhegan has its source just beyond this summit, and the line follows the stream to its emhouchement into Ijie Con- necticut. At this point, there is an extensive water pow- er judiciously improved. A mile below is a large mineral spring strongly impregnated with sulphur and iron. Crossing the Connecticut Iliver by a substantial bridge of two spans of one hundred and sixty feet each and thirty feet hidi, we reach the bmad fertile meadows of Stratford. The road now passes along the hank of the river for ten miles, being, foi' the greater part of the distance, oat of siirht of the comfortable farm-houses which stand on the uiiih taole at the foot of the mountain ranj>;e which skirts the valley. The scenery here ia beautiful, quiet and pas- toral in its character, and ever varying. Stratford Hollow- is seven miles below the Connecticut Bridge. The Bog Brook flows through the village, alTording sufficient water pow»r forthe wants of the people in the vicinity, Fol- lowinji: the river to a distance of three-and-a-half miles below this point, the line passes the ridge between the valleys of the (Connecticut and Upper Ammonoosuc River through very heavy cutting. We are r.ow in the THE CANADIAN TO'uUIST. 151 town of Northumberland, and enterlno; the windins: and narrow but picturesque and beautiful valley of the Ammon- oosuc. The Northumberland station is two miles from the Connecticut River, ai\d one hundred and twenty-two from Portland. There is an excellent hotel close at hand, where the comfort of the sojourner is the first ob- ject of the enterprising proprietor. This is a very impor- tant station, as the highly cultivated farms lying between Northumberland and Lancaster, on both ^ides of the Connecticut Eiver, send here, of their abundance, things new and old for the Portland market. Lancaster, the shiretown of Coos county, lies on the Connecticut ten miles below the station. It is a beautiful and flourishinof village, where almost every trade is represented, and whose busi- ness with Portland contributes largely to the support of the road. Northumberland village in New Hampshire, and Guildhall in Vermont, delightfully situated opposite each other on Falls of the Connecticut, are three miles be- low ihe depot. Leaving Northumberland, we cross the Ammonoosuc by a bridge of one hundred and twenty feet span and thirty feet high, and thence the line follows the river througli Stark, Dummer, and IMilan, to its head waters, Ammonoosuc Pond, a distance of twenty-three miles, — now running close to the river, the base of the embanknif nt^washed by its waters, — now leaving it to find its way across the spurs of the hills by a route less cir- cuitous than that of the stream. Just before reachinjr the Pond, the river is crossed by a bridge forty feet high. This portion of the route afibrds many fine views of the famous Stratford Peak?* u 'it Jl II ■ I,, i f ' i3 m s 152 THE CAx\ADIAN TOURIST. I We now come to the summit between tlie Connecticut and the Androscoggin waters, which is passed with a grade of sixteen feet to the mile, and soon cross Dead Ri^^er which we ibllow co Berlin Falls, where it empties into the Androscoggin. Hie Line itself, for most of the distance between Northumberland and Berlin F?»lls is through the forest^ but there are farms all the way within a short distance of the Ilailway, and carriage roads running parallel with its course. The only station in this distance is at West Milan, which also accommodates Dummer Bridge, a liltle hamlet a mile below the station. Berlin Falls village is at the head of Dead Jliver, just at the top of the Falls. Situated in the midst of the wildest scenery, olTering the greatest inducements to sportsmen and lovers of the beautiful, and possessinp' a comfortable and convenient hotel, it i.^as already become a favorite place of resort. Great quantities of lumber for the Portland market is annually manufoctured at this point, and at the mills on the Androscoggin, a short distance above. Leaving Berlin Falls, the line descends five miles hv a gradient of ibrty-five feet per mile to the valley ef Moose Jliver, which empti( s into the AndroscQggis, frOiii (he South West. This portion of the route alTords seveial magnificent views of the principal peaks of the White Mountains. Crossing Moose Iliver, near the mouth of which is a large hotel, we reach the White MountaiL station house in (iorliam, delightfully situated on th« delta, between the Androscoggin and Peabody Civ'er. 1 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 153 ^ Gorham stadon house is five miles from Slielburne, ninotv-oue from rmllond, and two iiundred and five from' Boston. B( fore reaching- it, the track crosses Prabody Eiver— runs along- the valh^y of the Androscoggin and Peahody llivers— and gives a good riew of mrny smal! hill tops. The hot(d itself is the chief object of intere: t here, and one which is hke to attract the more immediate attention of the traveHer. It is in full view on the right hand side, and very imhbdy to be mistaken or overlooked. This house is a three story edifice, erected by the Atlantic and ^•t.. Lawrence Pv.ihoad Company. Tt stands in the valley of the Androscoggin and Peabody Pivers-in a clearing of between two and three hundred acres. The scenery on all sides is closed up by mountains. Those in front are un-named : the long ridge in its rear is known as Mt, IIa}es. The building is one hundred fe<=t front and fifty feet wide, will, an el! of equiil height one hundred feet long. Piazzas embrace three s-des of 'K It has a dini.ig room, eighty-five f.et long by ;hii ty feet broad-drawing rooms , priors, reading and smoking roartially concealing, partially revealino- the beautiful (' rs of the river that runs side by side with the road. About half way between the hotel and Bellows' Form is a deserted house in the midst of a clearing — where, in past time, a man, more bold tlian wise, tried to support hiinself, and failed. There is also a venerable saw-mill near by : but the dam has been swept away, and the saw hangs idly in its frame. Aside from these, and «n occasional rabbit that may hop across the road, or partridge flying from intrusion, there arc no signs of life, present or past, on the road we travel. The Cbn House at Bellows' Farm stands on a plain of about one hundred acres in the valley of I^eabody River. The mountams are directly in front, nothing intc^rvening to obscure, in any degree, their giant forms. On the ex- treme left is Mount Washington. On both ^ ings of the loftier summits are the tops of innuuieroblc L..oer elcvat- THE CANADIAN TOURIST. lf)5 jvv. In el lows' ance is ley of House ::li are i'ossing Jiadow Only rht be 5ut the ! road- irtially ns side en the ; midst d than also a swept e from OSS the signs ilain of Eiver. vening he ex- of the clcvat- ^ tions, so confused and crowded to2:ether as to render their description impos.^ible. Behind the house is a long, irre- gular rise, called " Carter Mountain." There is not, pro- bably, any spot, on either the easterner western sides, vThere a liner view is obtained of the great peaks than from here : and it must, from this circumstarce alone, soon be- come a very important spot for mountain travel. Tlie White Mountains. Those who are desirous of ascending the Mountains, having dri\en to the Glen House, will there find a very choice selection of ponies and saddle-horses ready for the expedition and experienced guides to accompany them. For a description of the ascent, we avail ourselves of the lively pen of the gentleman to whom we are indebted for a description of the Saguenay. '' After breakfast, the bracing morning air putting us in high spirits, the party who have made up their minds to ascend the mountain, are gathered in groups nround the piazzas, in close consultation. Six horses, with side saddles, ibr the ladies are led forth ; and twelve, with high peaked saddles, for the gentlemen, besides a few choice chargers, which the worthy landlord reserves for the heavy weights. Most of the horses are French Canadian ponies, sure foot- ed, enduring little animals, of fouu';een hands, which make excellent palfreys for scrambling among the rocks. From time to time the party cast glances at the mountain which towers overhead for, from this nninf. von mn ^pp fl.o extreme summit, and begin to have some idea of the dif- 'i; ' '■ il f r-'Vi f%\ mm 156 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. m 111. it: ., 51 !i m» 3 1 ^ l! m ficulties about to be encountered. The hearts of the ladies do not fail, and of course the o^entlemen must follow. Draped in long habits and hoods, armed with strong leatlie*- gauntlets, reaching to the elbow, and riding whips, they appear, girt for the feat, and mount their horses boldly. ** It is only poor mamma whose heart fails her, who has no longer any charge of her daughter, who has committed her, for the iirst time, to push her way through the tangled woods and slippery paths of this rugged world. k:^lie is determined, however, to do her duty to the last, as far as she can do it, and mounting to the upper piazza, and applying herself to the telescope*, follows with anxious eye the merry party as they dash down the sloping lawM towards the river, cross tlie rustic bridge, enter the shady wood, and disappear from view. " She pauses for a little, and in her impatience turns her telescope towards a precipitous cream coloured ledge, which she knows the party must climb. It is a short spur of the mountain, composed of huge masses of felspar. At its base, a silvery wood of lealless trees, a patch of stunted birch, partially burned, the trunks and branches blanched with winter froi^ts and summer suns, and much of the shining bark still remaining, produces a most singu- lar etlect. Be not impatient, my dear madam. It will on'y take the part^y two hours to arrive at this point. The wood through which they are passing is shady and roman- tic, no doubt. Rocks of granite, newly rent asunder, with r'lnU vrM*n«5 nf inlrji liij sfM ttpii'd nil nrQlliul. jVlosSV ti Uuks of trees may lie across the path, over which their willing " THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 157 little steeds carry them with a hound. Ivefreshing rills of water trickle down the rocks. The horses wind, in single file, around the spiral path, oftt^n escarped deeply, into the steep sides of the mountain, for narrow is the road, and sometimes marshy, the trees inclining- overhead. Silently, and slowly, they wend their way, all fully occupied in guiding their horses through {he crooked path. No clatter of hoofs is heard, only the rustling of withered leaves. No voice except an exclamation when some fair rider has ])erformed a daring feat. For vvho can wiljini-ly talk when obliged to do so at the pitch of his voice ] Be not uneasy, my dear madam, you see all is going well. Only one thing can happen in these little woodland journeys, and that is not vlmj serious. A horse, in struoo-Hnor through the swampy ground, may burst his saddle giith. In such a case a lady may, most assuredly, fall into the mud. But as there is usually a gentleman riding in rear, he, rather than such a misiiap should occur, jumps off his horse, and dashing into the swamp, receives the lady in his arms, just as she is on the point of touchini>- the around. He gently bears her to a mossy bank, and the horse is led out to firm ground, the saddle more securely adjusted, and the rider mounts again nothing daunted. And now I may as well describe the most approved method of jnountingon horseback. " Tlie lady, without hesitation, having made up her mind to it, places her left foot, the smaller and dlcn chatcssf^e the better, in flip n»\\f li.iml nf Ixm* cmip/.. Iwitfin.lw nf <• " t; ii^.t^ -jt L, ex. X4 Lorse's head, liis left hand holding the ruins. The lady. i ,>i '"i ■ , s i% S': i.« iii^ ijic 158 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. then, her left hand on his shoulder, her right on the saddle, is poised in the air like a bird, and finds herself, without exactly knowing how, securely sealed in her saddle. This, although a long operation in describing, is reallj the work of a moment ; and is the safest and most effectual way of mounting on horseback, for the horse is kept steady, and cannot advance until the rider is securely seated. " And now, if you apply yourself again to the telescope, you will see the whole cavalcade emerging from the leafy greenwood, and entering the leafless silvery wood. The horses, no longer in single fde, have room to canter in pairs. And now, among the foremost, you may observe a dappled gray, draggled with mud, on Avhich is a lady gaily chatting to a cavalier. That must be your daughter. Her horse, it is, who has been in the mire ; and that is the very gentleman who kindly bore her to the mossy bank : you must return him thanks for his great attention. '' Poor mamma drops her telescope, a tear of reproach glistens in her eye ; I have mistaken the phial, and been pouring the v/aters of bitterness into the wounded spint, instead of the balm of consolation. For the first time she perceives the maternal sceptre gliding from her gentle hand, and it is hard to bear. And now, finding ourselves very much out of place in this situation on the upper piaz- za, let us lly across and see how the party are occupied at the foot of the precipice. '^ The p:entlemen have ali2:hted to breathe their horses. They liave loosened their saddle ojhN ?i2:ar cases : ar i\, .1.1. •„ Ui C iUiilUii{i>Z \V Vith thei stroll about, viewinsr, with wonder o' %% THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 159 tire singular leafless silvery wood,, which covers the plateau on which they stand. An Inaccessible gulf is on one side ; an apparently insurmountable precipice on the other. M'here is the path? While ruminating and puffing, we are surprized to see the ladies charge at the precipice as if riding a steeple chase. The mountain air has put them in high spirits, and they seem to fear no danger. The horses scale the cliff as if climbing up a zigzag flight of stairs. You see them pass overhead, bearing their light burthens, and, as they successively reach the summit, their outline appears against the sky. Your horses, gentlemen, cannot carry you up this ledge of rock. You must allow them to climb with empty saddles. You must follow on foot, as best you can ; the heavy men stopping frequently to get breath, as they toil laboi iously up the long ascent, pretending that they merely loiter to enjoy the view. " At last, arrived at the top of the ledge, above the region of trees and grass, there being nothing but masses of shivered rocks, you fancy yourself near the summit. But all high mountains are deceptive in this respect, for, as you pass on, crest after crest appears to view, ?aid you think the labour of guiding your horse inteiminable. The animnl begins to utter hollow groans, as only the unwilling horse can do, when uro-ed to 1*02: alono^ where footlnc: is hard to find. At last, however, you see the very last cone, rough with fragments of huge rocks ; either, they have been showered down from he;iven, or the outer crust mountain is shivert f i I frost. No water-worn boulders are here, all looks fresh \ VM m to shreds by the action of the Ij m 160 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. ^ ^ ■ S4l with raijged edges, newlj broken. And here let us pause a while to learn from the i^iiide a melancholy tale. a Tl lere learn is rude house, built of rock, on the summit of the mountain. I had to remain for shelter all night, the evening being too tempestuous and cloudy to descend. Next morning we went out at day break to see what damage the storm had done. We were astonisht d to see a man struggling towards us, frantic with despair. He could not speak, he could hardly walk, benumbed with cold and grief. Tie led us a little way down the hill, where you see that cairn o^ stones. Here, we found, as within a tomb, two young o,,'|s lying. One, quite cold and dead, and stiff, the other nearly so. It appears, that the evening before, a gentleman and two ladies had left the glen house after dinner, intending to walk to the top of the mountain, to remain all night, for the purpose of seein$T the rising sun, — too great an undertaking at any time, but especially so without a guide, and night approaching. Enthusiasm gave them strength, and enabled them to climb up the ledge. That was too much for one, the youngest. Her strength began to fail. Tc was too late to retrace their steps. They cannot stop here, they must f^roceed. Still two miles of rugged ascent. Storm and clouds came on ; darkness, and tiriving sleet. The track no longer seen. Drenched lo the skin, they toiled their weary way in an exhausted state over a trackless waste of loose rocks. How they dragged themselves along, sinking with weakness 1 How they reached within a short distance of the top ; where relief and shelter midit have : t THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 161 ! f been found, and witlioiit knowing that help was so near ? How they lay down in despair under tlas heap of stones, and how they passed the night? it is not to be told. I\]is- ery and fear had deprived them of their senses. We may throw a veil over it. A ragged shoe was found, a glove, a torn handkerchief covered with blood, wound round a wounded foot; dumb witnesses of the cruel agony of that night, as well to the victim, as to the survivors. •* At length we arrive at the very summit, and seat ourselves in a little amphitheatre of rud« pillars. Having ascended from the east, we wish to h rve a view towards the west. We therefore cast our eyes into the adjacent valley. Far below us, stretches a long spur of the moun- tain, running about eight miles towards the west, with a height of four thousand feet, and a deep vaHey on either side. And now we hear a solemn, psalmlike dirge ; the hum of many voices, rising from beneath. It reminds us of the ancient Covenanters performing their worship '.< the deptb of tlie hills, far out of the reach of their persecutors. The music is slow and solemn, but it is not the chant of the Covenanter, it is an anthem of the English Church com- mencins: — ! all ye works of the Lord Bless ye the Lord Praise and magnify his name for ever. ! ye mountains and hills Bless ye the Lord Praise and magnify his name for ever. Most appropriate and touching in such a scene. And (' I* ; I ' i f t, . ^^J >%. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET {MT-3) // '«, M/ k>J" % '* m. 4c fA 1.0 I.I 1.25 12.5 2£ U 1111,6 6" % v -(^ riiUlUgl'rijJiJlL Sciences Corporation 23 MIST MAIN STRUT WIBSTiR.N.Y. I4SB0 (716) •73-4303 ra ^ . ■ -• . ',^i 4. % War 162 THE CANADIAN TOURIST. 'd. leading the choir of , i ■■^i' i'^- '' ,- ' si . '>, s '■ M if /,:? t» ^-1 lime now the Kent bugle is distinctly h well toned voices, for all join in the simple chaunt, <* We now perceive, winding around a bare promontory, and creeping along the crest of a cliff, a line of thirty horses, which, at this immense distance, appear like insects on a mole-hill,— near and more near they approach, one by one, like pilgrims, threading their way ; sometimes riding on the summit of the hills ; sometimes creeping along the face of the precipice. At length they arrive at a lonely tarn, called the lake of the cloud, over which hangs a perpetual mist. Here they halt a while, walking their horses into the water to quench their thirst and refresh their limbs, for now they are near to the crest of mountain, at which they are preparing to make a vigorous dash. This part of the ascent is remarkably steep and rugged, much more so than the route by which we ascended, and we lose sight of the party altogether, uniil their horses are ao-ain seen, after the space of an hour, tottering along, one after another, on the extreme summit. And now, a party of some forty, all strangers to each other, have met together, to dine on the top of the mountaia. " We are hungry enough, and may therefore enter the hotel. But where is if? We see nothing like a house ; can it be thi-^ '.oap of stones, piled rudely together, and which I really had taken for the extreme mountain top ? It must be so, for here is a door ; and you observe that the roof, and in fact the whole house, is moored across and across with heavy chains, fastened to iron rings deeply THE CANADTAN TOURIST. 163 imbedded in solid rock. You enter, and the .ns.de .s .n Iceepino- with what you have already seen. Bare walls of rouiuakes. It c'ii U M ■ J-, THE CANADIAN TOURIST. "f:\ ';^-^i. • .'.ji « . .1 , i '8^2 2bo -to which number it had risen from ftO persons m 1622 _14 years after the establishment of Champlaiu s colony at Quebec, and 87, after the discoTery of the country by Cartier. The following table exhibits the rate of increase from 1676: :1 ' 1 : 168 APPENDIX. Jii ,..| , ■ Lower Canada. 1676, 1688, 1700, 1706, 1714, 17o0, 1784, 8,415 11,249 15,000 20,000 26,904 65,001) 113,000 1825, 1§27, 1831, 1844, Upper Canada. 1848, 1851, 423,650 1770, 471,876 1791, 511,922 690,782il8ll, 714,382 1824, 768,334 1825, 890,261 1830, 1832, about 200 less than 50,000 77.000 151,097 158,027 210,437 261,060 1834, 1836, 1839, 1841, 1848, 1851, 320,693 372,502 407,565 465,357 486,055 723,292 952,004 Jt would thus appear tliat C;inada noarlj doubled her population in the twenty-four years between 1676 and 1700 ; that on the expiry of the next filty years her popu- tation was four and one-third times what it had been at their conimenoeinent ; and that in 1851 it was three and one-sixth times its amount in 1825— twenty-six years before--and somethmg more than twenty-eight times its number in 1750 — 101 years previous. The inhabitants of Canada at the time of the conquest in 1759, exclubive of the native Indians, were entirely French, and are estimated by Mr. Il'CuUocli, in his Gazetteer, as amounting to about 70,000. By 1831 their descendants numbered upwards of 400,000--an increase which he pronounces as probably the most rapid of any on record from births alone. APPENDIX. 169 «^Tlie Province of Quebec contained," says Sea7}ian, in his ''Progress of Nations,'" (New York, 1853--p. 595^)_-«in 1783, by enumeration, 113,000 inhabitants, French and English, exclusive of about 10,000 or 12,000 loyalist refugees from the United States, who went to the Province during the war of the American Revolution. Call the population in 1783, 125,000 ; of these probably 110,000 were of French descent, and but 15,000 of Eng- lish,' Scotch, and Irish descent. According to this calcu- lation, the French population increased the first ten years after the conquest, twenty per cent., to 84,000 ; twenty per cent, the next ten years, 101,000 ; and at the same rate the last four years to 110,000, in the year 1783. The French population of Canada must have increased nearly twenty percent, in seven years, amounting in 1790 to 130,000, and at the rate of thirty per cent, each ten years from that time up to the year 1840 ; amounting in 1800 to 169,000; in 1810 to 220,000; in 1820 to 286,000 ; in 1830 to 370,000 ; in 1840 to 481,000 ; and in 1844 to 534,000, of whom 518,000, were in Lower Canada- These astonishing results were produced by early marriages, and plain, frugal habits." According to the Census returns of 1851, the French population of Lower Canada amounted to 669,528. The progress of Upper Canada has, as a matter of fact, been much more rapid during the earlier period of her history than has been generally believed.. In the table girpn above her inhabitants are set down in the year 1791 1-that of the division of the former Province of Quebec E 4f u - It I >- no APPENDIX. h :r into the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canat^a— as being '' le«s than 50,000." Indefinite enough this surely is. There is reason to beleive that they did not then ex- ceed 10,000, or at the very utmost 12,000. Mr. Lym- burner,in his address before the British Parliament against the Quebec Bill, states the English population of Canada to amount to only about three hundred and sixty families (Christie) ; while Mr. Pitt defended (May 12th, 1791) the proposals of the Ministry in regard to the number of members which should constitute the House of Assembly for Upper Canada, by saying that " as there were not above 10,000 individuals in Upper Canada (mcludingmen, women, and children), he thought sixteen, in the present state of the Province, was about a reasonable proponion of those who were fit persons to be chosen members of the House of Assembly, and could spare enough time for due attendance." The blank was, therefore, filled up with the wotd ^'sixteefi." (See Gour/aij, Vol. II., 2^. 103.) 1'he number set down by Mr. M'Gregor for the year 1800, nine years later, is only 10,000. On this point the following statement, published in 1840 by one of the fiist men in the country, (Sir John Beverly Pwobinson, Chief Justice of Upper Canada,) will be allowed to have very great weight : *' There are people in Upper Canada still living, who saw it when it contained not a cultivated farm, nor any white inhabitants, but a few fur-traders and soldiers, and perhaps ten or a dozen French ftimilies on the south side of the Detroit River. I can myself remember when its population was estimated at less than I •i \5 APPENDIX. 171 I 4 30 000 ; in 1812 it xvas supposed to be about 70 000 ; m 1822, 130,000 ; and in 1837, the census showed a popu- lation of 396,000; but .11 .be townsb.ps were not then returned. The number I suppose to amount now to soHhing between 450,000, and 500,000." .Canada andthe Canada Bill, p-^^-) . ,. The rate at which Canada West .s gvow.ng, and ha, been for the last twenty or thirty years, eq-'^f 't do » not more than equal the growth of the very bes f Ue Western States of the American TTn.on. =,tate ju beginning, or having recently begun to be occupied a e uJuitabfe' for comparison because of the rush .a e t them from all quarters for the purpose of sec«r.n<^ .an s at the Government prices. Let those whose e: . ■ las been of a sufficiently long duration to afford a ■ * I' iQQfi 1 1 '26 851. In ISoU tney andIllinos,contameciin lb30, l,UO,Q.)i. ' contained 3,505,000, a little over three hundred and twenty per cent, in twenty years Canada We t con tained in, 1830, 210,473; in 1849 .t c-.-e 791 000 .hich is over 375 per cent, for the same per.od f twenty „,ars-so that the increase in the.e three cho.c. States :r55percen,.lessthan that of Canada West durmg the same time." (Ce«sr« Report, pp.U,\ -) i T has been estimated that Upper C-^da has mcreased ' . . . .„.u. .nJL"«"»- Canada bv4-15ths its population uy *-!""'»> -^n J '-'- " since 18^1. i 172 APPENDIX. 1 u \.A' ' I ' ■ AGRICULTURE. From the following Table an idea will be obtained of what has been done up to the close of 1851 in Agriculture. Specilicaiion, Area in acres No. of persons hold- ing No. holding 10 acres and under Do from 10 to 20 ac. " 20 to 50 ac. « 50 to 100 ac. « 100 to 200 ac. " Over 200 ac. No, of acres held. . . Acres under cnlti v'n a Crops. . . Pastures Gardens and Or- chards. . Wild... Assessed value Lower Canada Upper Cantiila. Toiai. 134,393,600 20,794,825 15., 188,425 95,823 99,860 195,68:i 14,477 9,976 24,453 2,702 1,889 4,591 17,521 18,467 35,9b8 37,863 48,027 - 85,890 18,639 18,421 37,060 4,591 3,080 7,671 ^8,113,379 9,826,417 17,339,796 3,605,076 3,695,763 7,300,839 2,071,349 2,274,746 4,346,095 1,503,600 1,365,556 2,869,156 30,127 55,461 85,588 4,508,303 6,130,654 10,638,957 £29,208,158 £36,670,890 £65,879,048 ■ ■ . » Of the 18 millions of acres taken possession of, there is thus considerably over seven and a quarter millions under cultivation, more than seven-eighteenths of the whole. Divided among our population it gives four acres, or thereabout, for each inhabitant. According to the Census Report (24), five acres and one perch is the pro- portion of cultivated land per individual in thp TT. Sfnt-pc The value of the agricultural products of Canada and the United States (the latter for 1850, and the former for verj ■ ■/ 1 APPENDIX, 173 for 1851,) is estimated as follows, by Mr. Hutton, in his very excellent Report on the Census (p. 28) :— 11 al actur- a . S « ^ t- " o S = «.5 Ho _ o CO rM lO >o oo t£! O ^ '^^ ^ (N ^ I- ».;: -I^ or . C>t O CO 0|^ c^ o -r (N 5^ t2 ^ (M .-o c:o ^ 'O s »i5 •;;^ CO CO c:> ^ 9S ,n 00 CO ci 2 oc +i cTi -ri^ CO 00 ?:;: C5 -^ ^ t- ^''^ #\ *> '^ ^ r-TcN ^ ^ i:r j>, _^ 30 CO O }— '^. CO ctj ij: 1:^ ■'^ (N CO O C^O ^ -* 'M ^+1 ,6 i^ 0 "-^ CO o « I rt CO r- i^ CO ^n 00 CO 00 JN CO — ' lO o <>* - V CO r1< t- CO f^) ^ :y, ^ ^ C5 ^J ■73 13 c c o- o — ' C/i i^li % >*,''■ 174 APPENDIX. .'I .r !i " Within the three years, 1849, 1850, and 1852, the amount of butter produced has, in the Upper Province, increased 372 per cent., and that of cheese, during the same period, 233 per cent., which leads to the inference that our milch cows are rapidly improving in quality. The Census returns of the Lower Province, previous to 1851, are very deficient as to the amount of these articles." Wjile Canada is much behind Ohio in the number of lier sheep and the quantity of wool produced, the rate of increase in the number of sheep, as compared with that in the United States, would appear, from page 67 of Mr. Kennedy's Report, to be greatly in her favor, for in ten years the increase ifi the States has been only 10 per cent, j and in the weight of the fleece only 32 per cent. ; whereas, in Canada, the increase in wool has, in nine years, been 64 per cent., and that of sheep 35 per cent., show- ing an improvement in the weight of the fleece of not far from 30 per cent. IS s; I a I ( The averajje weight in Canada is found to be : — In Upper Canada 2 14-16ths lbs. Id Lower Canada 2 4-16ths lbs. In all Canada r- 10-16ths Ibrf. whilst in the United States it is, as per page 67 of the Abstract, 2 7-16ths or 2 43-lOOths lbs., showing an excess in favor of Canada in the average of nearly 3 oz. per fleece, Ihe proportion, too, in both countries, that APPENDIX. 175 9? yti h i^S' IS .., the whole United States and Canada, is about the same, being about nine sheep to every ten inhabitants. Upper Canada has about ten sheep to every hundred acres occupied; Lower Canada has eight; and the United States has 7 17-lOOths. With regard to horses there are in both Canadas, according to the Census Returns, 385,377, or very nearly one to e°very five inhabitants, and they have increased during the last nine years 48 per cent. In some Counties the increase has been very much greater than this, for we find in Oxford an increase of 350 per cent. ; this would induce a belief that there was some great error in the returns of 1842, as there eeems to be no good reascn why the number of horses should not have kept pace with the population; the wealth of the latter having, also, durmg that time so materially increased. Jf in nine or ten years the population has increased cent, per cent. ; it is almost unaccountable that the n-imber of horses should not have increased in a similar ratio." (Re^^ort o?i Census, 2>agc^ 34 and 35.) MANUFACTURES. For Upper Canada we find 610 grist .nilh reported, of wliicli 41 are impelled bv steam, and fiGO by water. Two hund.ed and seventj-eii.iaortl>e.n return 1,7(;S,84.0 barrels of flour as turned out by tl.c.n per annum ; eleven, r),075 per week ; twenty-three, 3,821 per .lay. Oil!, tl,e annua duos or rents are given as £11,074. One bnndred and sixty-five oi Uitm nmiie nu iuiuiiis. j. i^^ » -»- . m ' I. m Match Factories Mustard Mills Nail Factories . Oatmeal Mills Oil Mills Pail Factories Planing Mills Pot Asheries . Plaster Mills Paper ditto Potteries Powder Mills Pyroligneous Acid Works Pump Factories Rail ditto Rope ditto Rake ditto Rifie ditto Saw Mill iShingle Factories Saleratus ditto Stave ditto Scythe and Rake ditto Stone -ware ditto vSash ditto Soap ditto Starch tlitto Ship-yards Tanneries Threshing Mill Factories Turning Lathes Tobacco Factories Vinegar ditto Woollen ditto Wheel ditto Whip ditto Piano-Forte ditto APPENDIX, 181 o 2 1 5 58 8 18 25 10 13 12 14 1 1 3 1 7 2 1 9 2697 40 4 7 1 1 4 16 3 20 488 3 2 7 4 107 1 X 1 7 '.s The above Table is accompanied by the statement that it probably does not represent one-third the actual exist- ing manufacturing establishments in the Province ; but it shows that Canada has progressed rapidly in this branch of industry, and indicates the descriptions of manufacture carried on. Among other employments which have recently sprung up, may be named manufactories of Kailroad Carnages- and Locomotives. Of the latter Mr. Good, of Toronto, has already turned out a number that do him credit.. These are being made also in Montreal ; and Hamilton is producing car -ages which will compare favourably with- the best seen elsewhere. Mathematical Instrument making has also made a be- ginning among us. Nine Ship-yards in Quebec employ among them 1,338 men. With respect to the ships built in' Canada, Messrs. Tonge & Co. of Liverpool, express themselves thus in their Circular of 1852.—" We have much pleasure in no- tincing a marked improvment both in the model, material and finish of Canadian Ships, the majority of which have been constructed to class six or seven years, and to which a decided preference is given by buyer* ov^r the spruce ships, or those classing but four or five years, even at a very increased price. Among those which have arrived within the Itist eight months, wUl be found some as fine specimens of Naval Architecture, as ever have been pro- duced, combining in reality (from having great length of floor and fine ends) both carrying and sailing properties o. no ordinary kinds." r » » I I' 182 APPEiNDIX, 11,^1 An extensive Sugar Manufactory, erected at a large cost by John Redpath, Esq., is now in successful opera- tion in Montreal. IMPORTS AND EXPORTS FROM 1841 TO 1854. Expoit8. Currency. £ 1841 2,892,494 1842 2,702,017 1843 2,563,083 1844 4,602,130 1845 4,940,739 1846 4,780,857 1847 4,548,940 1848 2,649,584 1849 3,00-2,599 1850 4,245,417 1851 5,358,697 1852 5,071,223 1853 7,995,359 1854 10,132,331 s. d. 1 1 14 1 16 11 10 5 15 11 5 5 6 4 17 11 1 1 6 9 £ 2,427,796 1,020,219 1,755,850 2,241,080 2,777,648 2,524,795 2,680,302 1,749,167 2,327,564 2,669,998 3,452,351 3,826,091 5,950,325 5,754,797 s. d. 17 10 3 6 18 8 5 5 5 9 1 11 10 11 1 15 4 10 9 CUSTOMS REVENUE. The Revenue — rapidly groveing — which Canada derives from her commerce, is exhibited in the following statement of the Gross Customs' Revenue from imports since the Union. Inl841 225,834 7 loj 1842 :.. 278,930 7 H ]R43 235,087 16 OJ APPENDIX. Customs Revenue — Continued, £ s. 1S44 445,559 4 1845 449,990 4 1846 422,403 18 1847 413,248 19 1848 436,955 19 1849 443,531 2 1850 615,694 13 1851 737,439 185-2 739,-263 12 1853 . ' 1,029,782 15 1854 1,225,192 7 1855.'; ...-- 881,774 10 183 d. I 1 !l I 3 101 101 6] 2 4 8 2 9 4 4 3 SUtistical View of the Commerce of Canada, exhibiting the •Value of Exports to and Imports from Great Britain, her Colonies, and Foreign Countries, together with the Tonnage of Vessels arriving and departing during the year 1854 : COMMERCE. Value of Exports. Value of Importi. Great Britain . . £2,719,178 12 10 £5,740,832 11 4 North . .ner. Colonies 382,318 13 4 168,778 14 3 British West Indies . 2,247 7 11 658 3 11 United S. of America 2,604,720 13 5 3,883,274 9 8 Other Foreign Countries 46,332 3 3 338,777 7 7 II Total . £5,754,797 10 9 £10,132,334 6 9 ff :-'ft '■' ! Wi t .i! « 184' APPENDIX. SHIPPING. Tonnage of British Vessels. Tonnage of Foreign Vessels. Entered Cleared Entered Entered Inwards. Outwards. Inwards. Outwards. 2,884,759 2,209,462. 1,384,635 1,337,954 Total Outwards. 3,547,416 Total Inwards. 4,269,394 This Table includes the Tonnage of Vessels at Inland J^orts. General Statement of the Tonnage, Inwards and Outwards, at the Canadian Ports, the coasting in its Inland Waters^ and the intercourse by Inland Navigation between Canada and ther United States, during the year 1854: Inwards. British. American. Outwards. British. American. Steam , Sail . 1,997,228 l,133,50a . 282,301 151,020 1,286,299 1,117,707 233,219 128,344 Total . 2,370,529 1,284,523 1,519,518 1,246,051 i:4 fl X INWARDS AND OUTWARDS : British Steam . ... 3,283,527) ^ ^ ^ 3,799,047 British Sail, _ ^l?*^^?? } . . 2,531,574 American Dieam American Sail . f» OKI om \ 279,364 J Totsd Inwards and Outwards « • • • • Tons • • . w, 6,330,621 3ssels. rds. 154 Inland twards, fVatersy etween 1854: s. lerican. 117,707 128,344 ,246,051 ,799,047 ,531,574 ,330,621 APPENDIX. l^oO A.ST\TEMENT exhibiting the Gross Revenue of the Provinco of Canada, for the year 1855 ', also, an Abstract of the Expen- diture, including Er.penses of Collection during the same period, and the State of the Consolidated Fund on 3lst January, l«ob. EXPENDITURE. Cy. Cy. Interest on Public Debt . . .X219470 12 11 Civil Government ^^o?o , iT Administration of Justice . . . ^^9303 11 11 Provincial Penitentiary . . . . 1^(K)0 Legislation , • • 96697 la 4 Education 106738 I S Agricuitare 17660 10 U Hospitals and other Charities, . -^9317 « Geological Survey IpJ^ ^'^ ^\ Militia and Enrolled Force . . 23050 Lighthouses and Coast Service . 32894 6 3 Emigration ....... 2466 1 11 Pensions ....'..- 11^^^ 8 6 'Publiclnslitutions 9904 15 5 Ocean and River Steam Service . 42647 12 4 Police 5^14 18 C Miscellaneous Printing . . . 5447 2 3 Public Works and Buildings . . 68479 10 11 Indian Annuities ^8^5 Census n- ?? ^ S Sinking Fund 8ol51 5 7 Seigniorial Tenure ^^^^ ,5 ,n Miscellaneous 199o0 16 10 Expenses of Collection : — Customs, (including £5811 lis Id,) for Return Duties,. . . £67954 19 f. Revenue from Public Works, including £41266 17s 9d for repairs, . 63966 3 Excise .... 2485 13 4 Territorial . . . 49017 4 8 Fines and Forfeit- ures including Sei- zures . . . 3022 17 8 [ Casual .... 12034 18 7 ^ 198481 16 3 1194880 13 To Balance at credit of Consolidated Fund . . . 130224 5 6 Total, £2^497^25 19 9 9 ^1 • V", 1 'i s '■, g f '. I 186 APPENDIX. REVENUE. Currency. Cubhenct. JE 8. d. £ 8. d- By Balance at credit of Consolidated Fund, 31st Janu- ary, 1855, . . £1297033 18 11 Add, — On account of Sales Public Works, including • £352 Os. 7d. per Statement, No. _ 25 .... 15384 7 ' 1312417 19 6 Less, — Amount in- cluded in State- ment, No. 48, Public Accounts, 1854 .... £31912 19 3 Arrears of former years, per State- ment, No. 42, Public Accounts, 1855 .... 193 10 Rebellion Loses, Lower Canada, 727 14 7 _^^^^^ ^ . 32833 14 8 1279584 4 10 Customs 881774 10 3 Excise 19246 10 7 ItTJtorial 120347 5 1 Banl. Imposts 22459 9 10 Kevejiue from Public Works . . 100^08 12 1 Fines and Forfeitures including Seizures 5807 6 6 Casual Revenue ...... 55980 11 2 Law Fee Fund, 12 Vic, caps. 63 and 64 6717 9 5 , 12l7o41 14 U Total Currency ...... £2,497,125 19 9 By Balance at credit of Consolidated Fuud. . £1,302,245 6 ENCT. 8. d^ S4 4 10 11 14 U i5 13 9 15 6 APPENDIX. 187 Memo.— Shewing the slate of Ihe above Balance, fiz, : — Advanced on account of Public Works and for redemption of De- bcnlures 30R7,;3 19 7 BANK IMPOSTS. Statement for the year commencing ist Nov, ending 1st Nov., 1855. 1st Nov. 1854 to \st May 1855. Banks. Average Circulation. £ s. d. Montreal............... 1,002,117 Upper Canada, 400,977 1 Commercial, 353,567 16 11 British North America, 258,463 17 2 Gore, 233,331 2 1 City ........190,108 9 6 Quebec",'..'.* 125,777 16 7 People's 91,627 4 10 Is^ Maij to Isl Nov., 1855. Montreal, 971,519 Upper Canada, 441,169 15 11 Commercial, 291,708 4 2 British North America, 226,877 3 Gore, 234,777 5 2 Q- - ,..162,954 19 2 q;^c;*';;';*;;^**^...i32;775 9 s People's, 71,368 13 8 , 1854 and Percentage. £ 8. d. 3,865 15 8 2,004 17 8 1,767 16 9 1,292 6 4 1,168 13 1 900 10 6 628 17 9 453 2 9 3,331 1 10 2,205 17 1,458 10 9 1,134 7 8 1,173 17 8 814 15 6 663 17 7 356 16 10 .1 'h 188 APPENDIX. Statement of the Cost of Construction of various Provincial thereon for Cost of Construe- Expenditure in 1 8.')4 Works, tiou to i8t Jan., included in the fcre- 19.^6, goiiJg column. Canals. £ s. d. £ s. d. Welland, 1,061,497 6 6 18,893 5 2 St. Lawrence — General Expenditure, 15,8:22 10 9 663 12 7 Williamsburg, 267,203 7 8 2,835 13 7 Beauharnois, 365,331 4 7 7,185 2 5 Lachine, 481,736 1 8 4,623 4 11 Junction, 38,779 16 10 6,810 18 5 Chats, 31,153 10 1 16,122 8 9 Chambly, 16,863 6 3 St. Ours, 38,219 8 3 150 Burlington Bay,... 56,798 8 St. Ann's, 23,660 8 8 33 Slides, &c. Ottawa, 117,647 19 8 %363 4 Trent & Newcastle, ... . 88,02519 184 3 St. Maurice, 48,699 1 11 15,243 17 9 Harbour. Port Stanley, 35,376 8 2 2,338 Bridge. Bytown, 16.612 3 11 APPENDIX. 189 rovincial ereon for are in I8.')4 n the fcre- jolumn. s. d. 13 5 2 )3 12 7 15 13 7 ;5 2 5 13 4 11 18 5 J2 8 d )0 13 13 4 54 3 .3 17 9 Works to 1st January, 1856. Also shewing the Expenditure 1854 and 1855. 18 Expenditure in iS')/; included in foregoing column. £ S. d. 22,943 14 10 2,673 6 8 2,272 15 4 14,694 3 5 16,853 18 1 14,411 7 4 14,377 14 9 261 2 5,841 13 9 864 13 6 14,913 4 5 11,081 9 2 10,435 10 1 3,944 3 4 Cost of Rppiirs and Manajiimpnt in £ s. d. Cost of Repairs) and Miinnaeinent in £ s. d. 24,852 10 10 30,594 19 9 13 5 9 1,933 7 8 5,835 12 4 4,573 9 9 1,745 8 8 693 15 11 242 19 3 2,101 14 1 1,032 6 8 1,816 12 4 36 17 7 2,428 4 5 4,628 5 5 8,078 7 8 1,617 1 9 849 4 1,581 6 6 221 17 3 3,234 5 271 13 2,072 1 7 a2 MM I' iJ < II »1 I n! fl I t90 APPENDIX. CANALS. Canada has provided, and is now providing for herself, through means of her public works-completed, m pro- gress; and projected-facilit.es of intercon.mumcat.on thlch will do much to secure for her the full advantage of varied and superabounding resources with wh.ch the muni- ficence of the Creator has gifted her. Though sums have been expended on f^^f^J''^ Bridges (amounting as per Public Accounts for 1852 p 168, to £510,440 16s 6d for Upper, and £30^2^1 "» • 7d for Lower Canada), on Harbours and L.ght-houses (which cost up to the close of 1852 £274,256 12s), and a variety of other works of more or less importance, our present reference is chieOy to our Canals and Railroads Of the former these claiming special notice are the W el- land and St. Lawrence Canals. The Welland Canal « extends from Lake Erie to Lake Ontario, and overcomes the interruption to the navigation caused by the Falls of Niagara. It has two entrances from Lake Erie, about seventeen miles apart ; the upper entrance being from the Grand River, a little above Tort Maltland, about thirty-seven miles west fron. BuHalo. It also communicates with the Grand River by a branch commencing on that stream at Dunnville, five miles above Tort Maitland, through which branch the whole Canal has hitherto been supplied with water. The termination on T _,._ .v.,..,.„ ;. ,t I'nrt Ualhousie. The Port Ma.tland entrance has an advantage in spring over the Port Col- I T k APPENDIX. 191 rself, pro- ation, ige of muni- i and 152, p. )1 lis houses s), and ce, our oads. e Wel- ;o Lake ligation itrances 18 upper ve Port Buffalo. I branch es above ;anal has ation ou Maitland »ort Col- borne, in being clear of ice several weeks before either that or Buffalo Harbour." (Report of Commissioners of Public Works for 1848, p. 53.) " The work was originally undertaken by a Company, for which an Act was obtained in the year 1824, with a capital of £37,500." In the year following another Act was obtained providing for the enlargement of the works and the increase of capital to £200,000, which was extend- ed in 1834 to £250,000. Stock to the extent of £25,- 000 was taken in it by Lower Canada in 1827. At the close of 1834 Upper Canada held £107,500 stock in it, besides having loaned it £100,000. From the Imperial Government also it had received a Loan of £55,555. In 1837 the Loans made to it by Upper Canada were con- verted into Stock, and in 1839 the Government were au- thorised by the Legislature to purchase the Stock of private holders, for which purpose debentures were issued, " redeemable in twenty years from their date, bearing in- terest at the rate of two per cent, for the first two years, three per cent, for the third year, four per cent, for the fourth, five per cent, for the fifth, and six per cent, for the sixth and following years." About £500,000 is supposed to have been expended on the work previous to its coming into the hands of Government. In 1841 a commence- ment was made of the improvements and enlargements which are making it now of so much value to the Province. Its cost, as stated in the Public Accounts for 1852, has been in all £1,644,536 12s 2d. rr^l 'c ~^1.1^ r<»...%1 .»l.:..l« lar'ill nnnctifilfp fllP monillTient H X Ilia uuuic v^uuaij TTijj-wi« TT ixi *^vnwfv.w««^ ^,.-^ —— 192 APPENDIX. of its spirited projectors when they shall have " gone the way of all the earth," is 28 miles in length, has a descent of 334 feet, through 37 Locks of 150 feet in length and 26 J in width, and is " passable from lake to lake by ves- sels of 134^ feet over all, 26 feet beam, and 9 feet draught, stowincr 3,000 barrels under deck." (Andrews, p 226— and Keefer, p. 20.) The St. Lawrence Canals comprehend— 1. The Williamsburg Canals,— four in number, with six Locks,—" lying between Prescott and Dickenson's Land- ing, constructed for the purpose of overcoming the Rapids at°the Galops, Point Loquois, Rapid Plat, and Farren's Point." 2. The Cornwall Canal, whose object is " to overcome the difficulties of the St. Lawrence, presented by the Long Sault Rapids.". ." The Locks are the largest in Canada, having a chamber 200 feet long and 55 feet wide, in the clear ; the depth of water in the sills being nine feet as in the other large Canals in the Province." 3. Tlie Beauharnois Canal, which, " extending from the lower end of Lake St. Francis, overcomes the Rapids of the Coteau, tlie Cedars, and the Cascades ;" and 4. The Lachiue Canal, which " extends from the vil- lage of Lachine, at the foot of Lake St. Louis, to the City of Montreal, overcoming the various Rapids in the St. Lawrence between the two places." Its length is be- tween eight and nine miles ; it has seven locks of cut stone, of the same capacity as the Beauharnois. J \ APPENDIX. 193 V In addition to the above the following claim notice as works of general importance. 1. The Chambly Canal, " which extends from St. Johns to Chambly, a distance of about eleven and a-half miles, and was made to overcome the interruption in the Channel of the Richelieu between the two places. It form? the chief portion of the works necessary to counect the navigation of the River St. Lawrence, by way of the Richelieu, with that of Lake Champlain." Its cost has been ^103,836, according to the Publir Accounts for 1852. 2. St. Ours Lock, &c. « This Lock is in the River Richelieu, at the foot of the artificial navigation, about fourteen miles from its mouth, and with a dam raises the water sufficiently to over- come the shallow portions of the stream, and afford a free passage to Chambly Basin. In conjunction, therefore, with the Chambly Canal, this Lock opens a communica- tion between the St. Lawrence at Sorel, and Lake Champlain ; while, by the Northern Canal, the communi- cation is continued from Whitehall to the navigable waters of the Hudson near Troy. At the site of the work the Richelieu is divided into two deep channels by a small island, in the eastern and narrowest of which the Lock is built, while the dam extends across the western The length of the Lock is 200 feet, by a width of forty-five feet, with six feet of water on the sill " 3. St. Ann's Lock. " This Lock is situated on one of the branches of the 194< APPENDIX, k rt River Ottawa, between the village of St. Ann's and Isle Perrot, about twenty-five miles west of Montreal. It overcomes the St. Ann's Rapids, and thus, in conjunction i?«ith the Lachine and the Ottawa Military Canals, opens a communication from Montreal to Bytown, and thence by the Rideau Canal to Kingston. . . .The Lock is 190 feet long, by forty-five feet wide, with seven feet of water on ihe sill in the ordinary state of the river during summer, and six feet at its very lowest state." 4f, The Burlington Bay Canal, which opens the passage from Lake Ontario up to Hamilton, and whose cost baa been ^52,773 7s 2d. On the Improvements of the Ottawa, including the Slides, jei 15,735 2s lOd have been spent, and ^139,626 1 Is on the Improvements of the Trent. On the Improve- ment of Lake St. Peter there have been expended j£75,358 15s 5d, with considerable sums on other Works. (Report of Commissioners, &c.j for 1848, and Public Accounts for 1852.) The entire Pvevenue from Re7its and Tolls on all the Canals for 1853 was ^103,687. Including repairs, the charges amounted to £41,751. Hence the Net Pte venue was X6 1,953. The increase on all the Canals during 1853 was 27 per cent. From Mr. Andrews' Report (p. 437-443) we make the following extracts, the importance of which will, we pre- sume, much more than compensate for tlieir length. ,,,u; .K v.. — r^ 1.- «r ^v- T magnitude and importance of those in Canada. if APPENDIX. IS «5 1 " The St. Lawrence Canal was designed for paddle- steamers ; but from the magnitude of the Rapids and their regular inclination, the aid of the Locks is not required in descending the river. Large steamers, drawing seven feet water, with passengers and the mails, leave the foot of Lake Ontario in the morning, and reach the wharves at Montreal bj daylight, without passing through a single lock. At some of the Rapids there are obstacles prevent- ing the descent of deeply-laden craft, but the Government are about to give the main channel in all the Rapids a depth of ten feet water, when the whole descending trade by steam will keep the river, leaving the Canals to th« ascending craft. " The time required for the descent of a frei£;ht-steamer from the head of lake Ontario to Montreal is forty-eight hours ; the ratios of freight have ranged from twelve-and- a-half cents (the lowest) per barrel, for flour, to twenty- five cents, including tolls. The upward trip requires about sixty hours, and the freight per ton ranges from $1 50c to $3 for heav" goods. The ruling freight on Railroad iron last year (1851) from Montreal to Cleveland was $2 50c per gross ton, and for return cargo of flour thirty cts. per barrel, tolls included in both cases. " These rates are yet fluctuating as the long voyage is new, and are so much influenced by the amount of up- cargo obtained, that they cannot be yet considered as settled. It is believed that the freight on flour from Lake Erie to Montreal (including tolls) will be brought down to twenty ♦•ents, and on iron up to $! ■ u 5'' Hi ^^^H t ' ^' ■ '\ ov 1 H ; «i H 1 '^ ^^^1 1 1 ^y ■ ", fe( H, \ on ^^^■'' 5 an ^^^H 1 i frc 1 be 1 SI H 11 1 ^M mt H £' H (B 1 At 1 Ci H cb ^M W£ 1 1^ i fo su 196 APPENDIX, mi Speaking of the construction of a Sbip-Canal from the St. Lawrence to Lake Cliamplain, so as to bring the pro- pellers of Cbicago to Burlington and Wbiteball — wbich he describes as contemplated, be says, '' the construction of such a work must produce a corresponding enlargement of the Northern New York Canal, whereupon there will be a connection between Lake Erie and tide-water on the Hudson, via St. Lawrence, which may be navigated, without trans-shipment, downward in four, and upward in five days." " The returns of Trade on the Canadian Canals give indication of decided and satisfactory progress in the lead- ing articles of up and down freight." " A most decided proof," he continues, " of the succses of the Canadian Canals is to be found in the frequent and important reductions which have been made in the tolls of the Erie Canal since 1845, the year in wbich the enlarg- ed Welland Canal first came into serious competition with the route through Buffalo. The policy of the State of New York has been not only to obtain the largest possi- ble revenue from her Canals, but also to protect her own manufactures and products against compelitition from other quarters ; and this she has been enabled hitherto most effectually to accomplish, by levying discriminating tolls. Thus, foreign salt was excluded from the West- ern States by a rate of toll about twice its whole value. The toll upon this article in 1845 was three cents per 1,000 pounds per mile, or $21.78 per ton of 2,000 pounds (about $3 per barrel) ; while the toll i\ APPENDIX. 197 upon New York State salt was only one-tliirteenll. part of that upon the foreign article. In 1846 (the first year after the'opening of the enlarged Welland), the tolls on forei-n salt were reduced one half, and a still greater amount on New York State salt. The next year a further reduction of thirty-three per cent, took place ; and in 1850 the toll was again reduced one-half, so that it is now only one-sixth the rate charged in 1845 ; but it is still subject to a tax five times as great as that paid by New York State salt. " In like manner, railroad iron, in 1845, paid a toll ot nine mills ; in 1846, this was reduced to five mdls ; in 1850, to four mills ; in 1851 to two-and-a-half mills ; and in 1852, to one-and-a-half mills. Almost every other article of heavy goods and merchandize for up-fre.gVtt has likewise undergone frequent and heavy reduction m toll on the Erie Canal, since the Welland and St. Law- rence came into competition with it." After noticing reductions on a multitude of other articles, Mr. Andrews states that " there can be no ques- tion but that the whole western country would have been annually taxed, both upon their exports and impor s a much l«-ger sum than is now paid by them, in order to swell the revenue of the Erie Canal, had it not been for the healthful competition of the Canadian works. IS Ri Pi ov a by fe( on an frc be 19( < » St. pell be « sud the a ci Hi^ witl five n indi SI 11 mt £' (B Ai Ci cb m 1^ fol su mr oft imp the ed^ tbe Ne^ ble man othe mos tolls em •«n 111 vasu cent 2,00 jgg APPENDIX. RAILWAYS. GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. MONTREAi. TO SARNIA. ^.^^ Montreal to BrockviUe, (now open) 125 « to Kingston, ^^^ a 10 Toronto, */;*": 409 u Stratford, (to open m June) ^^^^ it Sarnia, ' " " _. « The Contractors prorrxised that the ext.r,sion ^-m B-ck- ;r'S:r;rrrtr.trrr^^^^^^ T ; „t . rrsUemplated that the sectiorr b~ » and Strattord .ould be °P- -J""^'' ^ J^t that the whole distance to Sarnia would be ready toi travel early in 1857. MONTREAL TO PRESCOTT AND BROCKVILLE. Montreal to Pointe Claire, ^^ « to St. Anne'^s, « loVaudreuil « to Coteau Landing, i< to Lancaster, a to Cornwall, • a to Moulinette, '^ n to Dickinson's Lauding, "J li to Aultsville, « to Williamsburg, ^ « to Matilda, « to Edwardsburg, « to Prescott, ,-"' « to Maitland, a to BrockviUe, fe Miles. 125 . 173 333 . 429 . 499 Dm Brock- : 1856, and mpleted to n between 1856, and i^ for travel E. 15 21 24 37 54 68 74 77 84 92 99 105 113 120 125 APPENDIX. 1^^ WESTERN DIVISION GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. TORONTO TO ST. M.'RYS. Toronto to Weston, 1st Station, ... 9 a to Brampton, 2nd " . ► . 21 it to Georgetown, 3rd " ... 29^ it to Acton, 4th « ... 35^ « to Rockwood, 5th " ... a toGuELPH, 6th " ... 49 « to Berlin, 7th " ... 62^ H to Petersbnrgh, 8th " ... 69 « to Hamburgh, 9th << ... 75^ H to Shakspeare,10th <* ... 81 i u to Stratlord, 11th « ... ^^ a to St. Marys, 12th '' .- . . ^\ EASTERN DIVISION GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY. MONTREAL TO PORTLAND. Montreal to Longueuil, " to St. Hilaire, ^' a to St. Hyacintbe, 30 « to Upton, If to Acton, ^^ u to Richmond, '^ a to Sherbrooke, ^^ ii to Lennoxville, ^^ u to Waterville, 1^^ « to Compton, 1^" 1 io a to Coaticook, ^^^ a to Island Pond, 143 J u to North Stratford, 1^ ^ « to Northumberland, 1^^ . - 1 — , .... 201 »« 10 uoiiiam, - 11 I t t c r t c 1 c 2 200 APPENDIX. MONTREAL TO PORTLAND--CONTINTED. Montroal to Shelburne, J^'^ « to Bethel, • • '-^^^ « to Bryant's Pond, - - - 230 « to South Paris, ^^^ " to Oxford, 2^^ " to Mechanic Falls, 256 " to Danville Junction, 264 « to New Gloucester, • • • • 270 ^i to Yarmouth Junction, 280 " to Yarmouth, 281 " to Portland, . 292 MONTREAL TO QUEBEC. Montreal to Richmond, '^2 " to Danville, ^'^ " to Warwick, ^^ « to Arthabaska, ^^^ <( to Stanfold ^^ " to Somerset, 1^^ " to Becancour, 127 « to Methot's Mills, - • - - 139 " to Black River, 1^8 " to Craig's Road, 1^^ *< to Chaudiere, 159 <« to Pomt Levi, (Quebec.) 168 POINT LEVI TO ST. THOMAS. Point Levi to Chaudiere, .. ..... '" t " to St. Henri, ...... 17 « to St. Charles, 25 " to Berthier, 42 4i to St. Thomas, 49 . 72 . 84 . 96 . 104 . 113 . 119 . 127 . 139 .. 148 .. 153 . . 159 .. 168 9 17 25 42 49 APPENDIX. 201 COBOURG AND PETEMORO' RAILROAD. COBOURG TO PETERBORO'. Cobourg to Baltimore, ^ ti toBradin's, ...-...- 1" u to Hanvood, . u to Indian Village, ^^ u to Keene, ...-•••• a to Morgans, . -^^^ u to Peterboro', . GREAT WESTERN RAILROAD. HIAGARA TO DETROIT. Niagara to Thorold, • • $i to St. Catherines, ^\ 17 % « to Jordan, « to Beamsville, ^ 27 u to Grimsby, 32 •4 to Ontario, u to Hamilton, M to Dundas, ii toFlamboro', f« to Copetown, ^ # to Vansickles, u to Fairchild's Creek, ^^ a to Gait, (branch road) ^^ ti to Preston, ^' *< to Paris, a to Princeton, ^ -■- ic to Eastwood, "' ti to "W oodstock, p 202 APPENDIX, P bl Sij t a !■ fi in in of in tl C( th IS bl m ot m to er no V NIAGARA TO DETROIT— CONTINUED. Niagara to Beachville, . . • 9" to Ingersoll, 1^^ to Edwardsburgh, 109 to London, ^^^ to Komoka, 129 to Mt. Brydges, 134 toEkfrid, - 159 toMosa, 149 to Wardsville, 1^5 to Bothwell, 163 to Thamesville, 168 to Chatham, 183 to Baptiste Creek, . 198 to Kochester, 210 to Puce, - • 21^ to Windsor, (opposite Detroit) 229 HAMILTON AND TORONTO RAILROAD. TORONTO TO HAMILTON. Toronto to Mimico, to Port Credit, . . • . to Oakvil* J, to Bronte, to Wellington Square, to Hamilton, ONTAUIO, SIMCOE AND HURON RAILROAD, TORONTO AND COLLINGWOOD. Toronto to Davenport Road, , . . . • • « to Weston, • • • a to York, • ^ i( ti u u u u « i( a a a i( a i( u u ii B 11 19 25 31 38 APPENDIX. 203 . 96 , 100 . 109 . 119 .. 129 .: 134 ., 159 .. 149 .. 155 .. 163 . . 168 ..183 . . 198 . . 210 . . 21^ .. 229 AlOAD. S . 11 19 25 . 31 38 JLROAD. 6 13 TORONTO AND COLLINGWOOD — CONTINUED. Toronto to Thornhill, • 15 « to Richmond Hill, 19 «i to King, 24 t« to Aurora, 30 «i to New Market, 34 f* to Holland Landing, 38 « to Bradford, 42 ^ to Bell Ewart, 00 w to Lefroy, 53 « to Barrie, • . . . 66 *< to Essa, ....••... 74 it to Sunnidale, ....... 81 «« to Nottawasaga, ...... 88 «« to CoUingwood, ....... 97 MONTREAL AND NEW YORK RAILROAD, MONTREAL TO PLATTSBURGH. Montreal to Lachine, 10 « to Caughnawaga, • 15 « to St. Isidore, 21 « toSt. Remi, 25 it to La Pigeoniere, 30 it to Sherrington, ^^ if to Johnson's, 3" it to Hemmingford, ^1 •i to Moer's Junction, ^^ m toSciota, ^2 H to West Chazy, ^'^ M to Beekmantovvn, ^^ it to Plattsburgh, ^'^ ^'^ &_ p h: St ti m in oi in th cc th N bl m: ot mt to er va ce 2,( 204, APPENDIX. OTTAWA AND PPvESCOTT EAILKOAD. OTTAWA TO PRESCOTT. Ottawa to Gloucester, « to N. Osgoode, ■ « to Kelly's, « toOsgoode, « to Kemptville, •« to Oxford, a to Spencerville, 54 « to Prescott, CHAMPLAIN & ST. LAWEENCE RATLUOAD. MONTREAL TO RO'JSE's POINT. Montreal to St. Lambertr, « to Junction, « to L'Acadie, a to St. Johns, H to Grand Ligne, U toStott'8, ^^♦ H to Lacolle, ' ti to Rouse's Point, NORTHERN (OGDENSBURGIl) RAILROAD. eouse's point TO OGDENSBURGH. Rouse's Point to Champlain, • • • ^ « toMooer's, ^^ « to Centerville, ^^ « to Chazy, "^^ « to Ellenbergh, '-^"^ (* to Summit, ^' )AD. 11 16 19 ai 37 45 LPvOAD. appendix* 205 rouse's point to ogdensburgh— continued. Rouse's Point to Chateauguay, 45 « to Malone, 5*7 a to Bangor, ^^ « to Brush's, 6^ « to Moira, *'■ « to Lawrence, ^ u to Stockholm,. ..... : ^^ S: .TEWBLLEB. Sihcmnith Sr Opihian 'SI I WATCHF-S.CLOCKS AxND o ir tl ei til IS b1 m ot m to er ce 2,' ;„„,„,. ,..,rria«<' Olocks* Timc-IMefCS Church, Tuiret, Houm , t .11 ri.i«i v ■ . 1 Cleaned a. iWe .l."Vl notice, and kept n, order Roi^iircdan.. ^^^^"^^^^ ^^ j.,,,, ,,e,. contract. ' ;«-, i-rri^r Th!;.::^ ciiiiri;;^'" '• w:;: omi:; •' M,::;:::a MAJilKACTURBB IMPORTEU MASONIC ANT) 0th Ell llKdAlilA. LODORS 6Ui>plk!, A LARJE STOCK OP BOOKS, ALBUMS, STATIONERY, &C, FOR SALE CHEAP. N. B.— R. W. publishes the following Books : — Oarncau^^ History of Canada ^'^^ ^ Christie's do do do ••• ■ Artcmus Ward. " "?« Bo^^ ••; o.50 do do "H.S Travels •"•^^ Bidow Papers..... ..■•••••••••,••• i 00' Hlrp of Canaan, by Borthwick ,. • • • • 1 g^^ Soiit Free to any part of Canada on receipt of ?rice'. V ni V •:t I ,; i.frr l~