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': > m f %■■ "The woman's cause is man's; they rise or sink together, dwarfed or godlike, bond or free." — Tennyson, "In the progress of civilization, Woman Suffrage is sure to come." — CharUs Sumner . ■■-,'■'♦« . ■■. - i^; 4 -' - '? CAH ^F \ TORONTO: WILLIAM BRIGOS, ' ' ' WESLEY BUILDINGS. ' MONTREAL: C. W. COAXES. HALIFAX; S. F. HUESTIS. :' ; :• V 1895. •- • '•:' NEW SERIES OF TEACHERS' BIBLES. TIE pmiiniift TEiimaii' fm THE SMALLEST LARGE-TYPE BIBLES PUBLISHED. /WVWWWWWWV%«W C0I«TR1BUT0RS TO NEW HELPS : Rev. C. H. H. Wright, D.D., M.A., Ph.D , Editor. Enffland. Rev. Jamen Stalker, D.D^ author of "Imago Christi, Scotland. Rev. Philip Schafl, D.D.. LL.D., Union Theological SeminaiT, New York. Rev. George Adam Smith, M.A., Aberdeen. Rev. A. £. Dunning, D.D., Editor I'he Congregationalist, Boston. Rev. A. R. Faussctt, D.D., Canon and Prebendary of York, Eng. Bishop John H. Vincent, D.D., New York. Rev. Hugh McMillan, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S.E., Scotland. Rev. Alfred Plummer, M.A., D.D., formerly Fellow of Trinlt7 College, Oxford, England. Rev. J. B. Heard, M.A., Caius College, Cambridge, and Hulseao Lecturer in the Univer.jity of Cambridge, England. Rev. JesBe L. Hurlbut, D.D., Sunday School Journal, New Tork. Theophilus G. Pinches, M.R.A.S., British Museum, London. William R Harper, Ph.D., President Chicago University, Chicago. Major D. Whittle, Evangelist, Philadelphia. Major C. R. Conder, R.E.D.C.L., LL.D.. M.R.A.S., England. DivnniT oauocn botoino. New Illustrated Helps. New Maps. Fine Bindings. Clear Print Minimum Size. Moderate Prices. The only Teachers* Bibles Having New Helps or Aids Prepared by both American and English Scholars. An ENTIRELY NEW SERIES OF MAPS has been PREPARED Expressly for the INTERNATIONAL BIBLES, FROM ACTUAL SURVEY by MAJOR CONDER, of the Palestine Exflobation Sooiett. The ILLUSTRATIONS in the NEVr HELPS or AIDS have been pre- pared by THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, ESQ., DEPARTMENT of EGYP- TIAN and ASSYRIAN ANTIQUITIES, Bbitish Museum, London. Have you been seeking a Bible of converient size, with large, clear type, durably bound, with modem practical ILLUSTRATED HELPS, new REVISED MAPS, and reasonable in price? The International Bibles supply this need. Nearly Two Hundred and Fifty Different Styles in Plain Text, Reference and Teachers' Bibles, ranging in price from 30 cents, to $15.00. Sold by all First-class Booksellers. or Ask your dealer for them. Catalogue supplied on application. Sole Canadian Ag^ency— WILLIAM BRIGGS. Wesley Buildings, Toronto. C. W. COATES, Montreal, Que. S. F. HUESTIS, Halifax, N.& m c lt,< w. EQUAL SUFFRAGE O-Ai- IlaU|iiu&ic Collcjic flibrari) K •a'ah'on. r, dwarfed or - ^>^ ; to come." ir/es Sumner, JOHN JAMES STEWART COLLECTION 1 U Kl^A I l> ; WILLIAM: BRIOGS, WESLEY BUILDINGS. MONTREAL: C. W. COAXES. HALIFAX: S. F. HUESTIS. 1895. i f r> "?» T7 A. ^f NEW SERIES OF TEACHERS' BIBLES. TIE liTEMITIflllL THE SMALLEST LAEGE-TYPE B] m ^wwwwwwww CONTRIBUTORS T Rev. C. :^. H. Wright, D.D., il.A Rev. Jamen StAlker, D-D^ authoi Rev. Philip Schafl, D.D., LL.] New Yorlc. Rev. George Adam Smith, M.A., Rev. A. £. Dunning, D.D., Editoi Rev. A. R. Faus83tt, D.D., Canon BiRhop John H. Vincent, D.D.. Ni Rev. Hugh McMillan. D.D., jAi.I Rev. Allred Plummer, M.A., £ College, Oxford, England. Rev. J. B. Heard, M.A., Caius ( Lecturer in the University Rev. Jesse Lk Hurlbut, D.D., Sun Theophilus G. Pinches, M.R.A.S. William R. Harper, Ph.D.. Presid Major D. Whittle, Evai»;eli8t, Pb Major C. R. Condor. R.E.D.C.L., vtvmn oauBvn binsdio. New lUustrated Helps. New Maps. Fine Bindings. Clear Print The only Teachers' Bibles Having New by both Ameriean and Engl) An ENTIRELY NEW SERIES OF MAI Expressly for the INTERNATIONAL BIBLES by MAJOR CONDER, of the Palestine Expi The ILLUSTRATIONS in the NEW HELi parefi by THEOPHILUS G. PINCHES, ESQ TIAN and ASSYRIAN \NTIQUITIES, Beiti Have you been seeking a Jiible of convenient size, i bound, with modem practical ILLUSTRAT MAPS, and reasonable in price? The Interna' Nearly Two Hundred and Fifty Different Styles hi Plain Text, Reference and Teachers' Bibles, ranging in price from 30 cents, to $15.00. Sold by all First-class Booksellers. er A»k your dealer for them. Catalogue supplied on application. Sole Canadian Ag^ency— WILLIAM BRIGQS. Wesley Buildings, Toronto. C. W. COATES, Montreal, Qne. S. F. HUESTIS, Halifax, N.8. EOUAI. SUFFRAGE BYJ^- c / JAMES l: hughes President Toronto VVoman^s Enfranchisement Association. " The woman's cause is man's ; they rise or sink together, dwarfed or godl'ke, bond or free." — Tennyson. "In the progress of civilization, Woman Suffrage is sure to come." — Charles Sumner. ( TOROXIO' 1 W^ILLIAIVI irJRIOGS, I WESLEY BUILDINGS. 1 MONTREAL: C. W. COAXES. HALIFAX : S. F. HUESTIS. 1 1895. J Co'cl^l %UU.iJ ^0 /^/ CONTENTS. CTrAITi:i{ T. In Tkn Ykahs I'AOR CJIAPTEK II. The OuKiiN- of Falsk Tdkals Hi.:gardin(! Wo.mkv 10 CHAPTER III. The Birle on Equal Suffha(;i.: - 14 ( CHAPTER IV. Objections Answered CHAPTER Y. Summary of Reasons in Favor of Equal Suffrage 21 44 CHAPTER VI. Sketches with Morals 47 PREFACH Equal suffrage is a fixed element in human development. Women have shown themselves capable of taking an intelligent part in public affairs; they have to submit to laws on the same conditions as men ; they pay taxes ; they are producers of wealth ; they are deeply interested in moral and philanthropic work; they naturally represent ti;. home, and they are responsible human beings. Every male enemy of the home may vote. Mothers -e saloon-keepers and profligates, who aim to destroy their sons and daughte. ., helping to make the laws, while they are unable to do so. Ignorant foreigners, uneducated men of native birth, weak young men without experience or training, are allowed to vote in all elections because they are males ; but the most cultured and intellif^ent women are refused this right because they are women. Sex slavery is more indefensible than race or class slavery, and the complete emancipation of woman will be a grander triumph for justice and truth and liberty than the granting of freedom to any race or class in the history of the world. This little book is offered to aid in securing this triumph. J. L. H. 1' "I know, as every man knows, many a woman of the noblest character, of the highest intellij^'t nee, of the jturest purpose, the owner of property, the motlier of children, devoted to her family and to all her duties, and for that reason profoundly interested in public atfairs. And when this woman says to me, 'You are one of the governing class. Your Govern- ment is founded upon the principle of express consent of all, as the best security of all. 1 have as much stake in it as you, perhaps more than you, because I am a parent, and wish, more than many of my neighbors, to express my opinion and assert my influence by a ballot. I am a better judge than you or any man can be of my own res|)onsibilities and powers. 1 a(n willing to bear my ecjual share of every burden of the Government in such maimer as we shall all eciually decide to be best. By what right, then, except that of mere force, do you deny me a voice in tlie laws which I am foi'ced to obey (' What shall 1 say ? What can I say i Shall I tell her that she is ' owned ' by some living man or is some dead man's 'relict,' as the old jjhrase was? Shall I tell her that she ought to be ashamed of herself for wishing to be unsexed ; that God has given her the nursery, the ballroom, the opera ; and that, if these fail. He has graciously provided the kitchen, the wash-tub and the needle ? Or shall I tell her that she is a lute, a moonbeam, a rosebud, and touch my guitar and weave flowers in her hair and sing, !l ' Gay without toil and lovely without art, They sprinjj to cheer the i«eiise and {jbd the heart ; Nor blush, my fair, to own you copy these ; Your best, your sweetest empire is to please.' "No, no. At least, I will not insult her. I can say nothing. I hang my head before that woman, as when in foreign lands I was asked, ' You are an American ! What is the nation that forever boasts of the equal liberty of all its citizens and is the only great nation in the world that trattics in human fle.sh / ' George William Clrtis." EQUAL SUFFEAGE. Chapter I. IN TEN YEARS. " I take it America never gave any better principle to the world than the safety of letting every human being have the power of protection in its own hands. I claim it for woman. The moment she has the ballot, I shall think the cause is won."— Wendell Phillips. "Voting would increase the intelligence of women, and be a powerful stimulus to female education. It would enable women to protect their own industrial, social, moral and educational rights. . . . Woman's vote would be to the vices in our great cities what the ligiitning is to the oak. . . I believe that this reform is coming, and that it will come to stay."— Joseph Cook. Two hundred and fifty years ago, a large body of women went to the door of the House of Commons in London, and presented a petition to the assembled Parliament, in which they dared to say : "It may be thought strange and unbecoming our sex to show ourselves here, bearing a petition to this honorable Assembly ; but Christ purchased us at as dear a rate as He did the men, and therefore requireth the same obedience for the oame mercy as of men. We are sharers in the public calamities." Brave, trut women ! How logical they were ! How clearly they stated fundamental truths : How definitely they con- ceived the underlying philosophy of human liberty ! How absolutely unanswerable were their statements of the two comprehensive arguments which they laid down as the basis of tlieir claim to eijual responsibility with man ! Christ recognized our individuality, they say in effect. " He purchased us at as dear a rate as He did the men, and there- fore requireth the same obedience for the same mercy.'" We were equal in Christ's recognition ; we .shared in His sacrifice ; we are individual souls, with power to help in tho elevation of i iJ ^ EQUAL SUFFRAGE, the race, and therefore responsible for the performance of our duty. Why should our brothers assume the ric^ht to decide for us what our duties are ? Why ? " We are sharers in the public calamities." We bear our full part of the burdens of life, and therefore, in all fairness, we should share with men in making the laws which decide what these burdens shall be. We must obey the laws of our country and receive the punishments they prescribe for disobedience ; why should we not justly do our part in making the laws by which we are governed ? Why ? ' The gentlemen of the House of Commons did not answer the questions ; they never have been answered ; they admit of no logical answer. Enlightened Christian civilization attempts no reply, but recognizes that all injustice should be remedied, not defended. Mr. Pym, lover of liberty though he undoubtedly was, in addressing the petitioning women, dismissed them with the admonition : " Repair to your houses, and turn your petitions into prayers for the men." His advice was undoubtedly good in one respect, at least, for their petitions were likely to be more successful in heaven than in the House of Commons at that time. Mr. Pym voiced the opinions of most men of his time when he intimated to woman that her highest duties were to suffer and " pray for men." Unfortunately, there are some men of the present day who are not much in advance of the men of two hundred and fifty years ago in their opinions regarding woman's duty. It is cheering, however, that there are so many who are sufficiently liberal to believe that woman should not only pray for men, but that she should pray for herself, and use every power she possesses to secure the results for which she prays. The advance in Christian liberality may be partially measured by comparing the attitude of the House of Commons in Mr. Pym's time with its recent action in passing a bill giving to all women, married and single, the right to vote in scho'ol and municipal elections ; and not only to vote, but to hold seats on School Boards and municipal councils on the same conditions as men. There is still, however, in the structure of the House of Com- iMHiT'-"'- EQUAL SUFFRAGE. 9 mons itself, a striking? evidence of the fact that woman has not yet received equal recognition with man. The few women who are permitted to enter the woman's gallery of the House are compelled to look through a grating of iron bars, while they listen to representative gentlemen making the laws by which women as well as men have to be eroverned. When in London recently, the writer said to John Burns, M.P., the most statesmanlike Labor leader in the world, " It is a disgrace to the British Parliament to keep women behind those prison bars, but some day they will come out and take their seats as members of the House, and not as imprisoned visitors." With philosophic prescience, Mr. Burns replied, with calm assurance in his tone, "That day will come in ten years." England has led the nations in Christian civilization, and she will live up to her glorious record if she is the tirst great nation to admit women to her Parliament. England has more than once been fortunate in having a woman for her Sovereign, and these woiDen have shown themselves to be wise and able as supreme administrators of law. They will be equally success- ful as law-makers. When the first woman takes her seat in Parliament, men will wonder that it took so long for progressive civilization to solve so simple a problem, and to put into prac- tical life the foundation-principles of Christ's teaching: "that each individual is responsible for the use of his or her powers for the accomplishment of the highest purposes, and that no in- dividual can decide what is or what is not the duty of another." Woman does not deniand " rights," she simply clain)s freedom to be and do what enlightened conscience reveals to her as duty. Man has arrogantly claimed the right to Hx what he assumes to call her " sphere," but woman has learned that the fact of being a woman does not destroy her individuality, nor relieve her of responsibility for duty, as she conceives it for her- self, not as some man nor as all men conceive it for her. " Christ purchased us at as dear a rate as He did the men, and therefore requireth the same obedience for the same mercy as of the men." The greatest struggle for liberty that has ever been conducted is now going on in favor of the emancipation of more than half the human race. There are many reasons for hoping that victory may come " in ten years." 10 EQUAL SUFFRAGE. Chapter II. THE ORIGIN OF FALSE IDEALS REGARDING WOMEN. Smmier^^^ progress of civilization, woman suflFrage is sure to come."-Charles tn ll^^'^ff whatever conditions, and within whatever limits, men are admitted The false ideals of the savage nations and of Eastern countries before the time of Christ have not yet been thoroughly up- rooted. In variously modified forms they have become inter- woven with the mental and moral natures of men, and women too, by the influence of the customs and habits of succeedino- generations through many centuries. The ideals that men should capture their wives by force; that wives are the property of their husbands ; that wives should be shut up in harems ; that women should work only in the home ; that women have to be protected by men, and that women should be subordinate to men, are all degrading to true womanhood and manhood. They had their origin in barbarism or Oriental- ism. They can be traced to the time when physical force was the supreme test of justice. Man had physical superiority, and in his savage condition brute force was the highest arbiter. Being the stronger physically, man assumed the right to make laws when social or national organizations were formed : and the customs of successive ages have becoine fixed in the con- sciousness of both men and women. Man assumed superiority, and woman accepted subordination, as natural and proper conditions. In pagan lands woman was a mere slave, and the growth towards freedom for woman has, until recently, been remark- ably slow. The Brahmins taught that "A girl, a maiden, a wife, shall never do anything in accordance with her own will not even in her own house." "A woman shall serve her hus- EQUAL SUFFRAGE. 11 'A band all life long, and remain true to him even after death ; even though he should deceive her, love another, and be devoid of good qualities, a good wife should, nevertheless, revere him as a god." This lino of teaching was accepted so fully as the Divine will that women walked willingly to be burned on the funeral pyres of their husbands. In Greece woman was not so degraded as in Asiatic countries, but she was held in low esteem as compared with man. Euripides makes Iphigenia say: "One man is worth more than a myriad of women." Woman in the home was a mere accessory to man's happiness. Marriages were arranged for girls when they were little children, and widows were frequently disposed of by the wills of their husbands along with the rest of their property, and married the second time as instructed by the last legal commands of their former lords and masters. In Rome woman enjoyed more freedom than in Greece. She might go to public theatres and walk alone on the streets with- out impropriety. Women were even allowed to sit at the meals in their husbands' homes and speak to their husbands' guests. In Greece it was regarded as immodest for a woman to be seen by a man, standing by the window, even in her husband's homo. But Rome had not made sufficient advancement to allow a woman to have much to say in choosing her own hus- band. The teachings of the Fathers in the early part of the Christian era degraded woman to a condition of humiliation unknown in Greece or Rome in earlier times. The very Christianity that should have ennobled her was used to brino- her into contempt and disgrace. She was treated contemptu- ously because " she was the cause of man's fall in Eden, and thus the mother of human ills. She was taught that she should be ashamed at the very thought that she was a woman, and should live in a continual penance on account of the curses she brought upon the world." She was not allowed, in the sixth century, to receive the Eucharist with naked hands, on account of her impurity. In median-al times women were held in very low esteem in European countries, as may be judged from the following maxims of the Middle Ages: — "Women and horses must be beaten." 12 EQUAL SUFFllAGE. " Women only keep tliose secrets wliich they don't know." " Trust no woman, even were she dead." " If you are too happy, take a wife." Even in Eni^jland, woman's position has until recently been one of de<;ra(ling inferiority. The sense of proprietorship of the husband in the wife has entered very larjrely into the Anglo- Saxon ideal of woman's spliere. " My wife is mine " has been the arrifument of the husband, " and I have a rij^ht to do what I clioose with my own." His " my own " was spelt with very large letters. " I may beat her it' I wish, and sell her when I tire of her," was the hnr-band's reco<;nized right. The London Timen, only a century : ::^ gave as evidence to prove that civili- zation was advancing the fact that wives brought better prices than formerly when sold by public auction. It is not to be understood that the majority of Englishmen beat their wives, when beating was permitted, " so long as the husband did not use a rod thicker than his finger," or that jnany Englishmen sold their wives ; but these facts are stated as extreme results of the almost universal feelinfj that wives belonfjed to their husbands. This degrading ideal is now rapidly passing away among edu- cated classes, but there are thousands of English-speaking people who are not yet rid of this low conception in regard to their wives. Some of them live in America. In the matter of education women have passed through centuries of the grossest injustice. They were denied the right of being educated in colleges until the present century, and the first women admitted to universities are still in the priine of life. Women have been kept out of the schools and denied the culture of public life, and the very men who have tried by every means in their power to keep women weak and ignorant have sneered contemptuously at them for being weak and ignorant. There are yet living some masculine boors who, as John Stuart Mill said, "think it a clever thing to insult women for being what they made them." Compaja-e, in his " History of Pedagogy," states that as late as the seventeenth century " Woman was still regarded as the inferior of man, in the lower classes as a drudge, in the higher as an ornanient. In her case intellectual culture was regarded as either useless or dangerous, and the education that EQUAL SUFFRAGE. 13 1 'I I was given her was to fit lier for a life of devotion or a life of seclusion from society." Even so liberal an educator as Mon- tairrne, the essence of whose educational system was individual freedom, would keep woman ignorant, " lest instruction should mar her natural charms." In England, the educational ideal was not much higher. Milton taught his daughters to pronounce Latin to him, but was careful that they should not understand it. Even their love for their blind father must have failed to relieve them of the ter- rible drudgery of pronouncing words, day after day, whose meaning they could not comprehend. Their father's treatment of them was, however, quite in harmony with the general ideal of that time, that woman's duty was to be nothing for herself or by herself, but that she was exactly in her sphere when she was sacriHcing herself for man. Dr. Johnson taught Fanny Burney Latin, but was ashamed to have it known that he did so. He warned her not to say anything about it, as ' it was not quite proper for a woman to be co.isidered learned." Dr. Gregory, in his "Legacy to my Daughters," a standard work a hundred years ago, advised all women to hide carefully any good sense and knowledge they might possess, "because men generally look with a jealous and malignant eye on a woman of great parts and a cultivated understanding." There are a few eighteenth-century men yet. Even in America, in the land of the Puritans who braved every peril for the sake of liberty, there are yet thousands of women living whose fathers deHnitely refused to give them a college education, and the great majority of the American women of to-day were prohibited from receiving a university education in their youth simply because they were women. The shadows are lifting. " The time is racked with birth- pangs. Every hour brings forth some gasping truth." Edu- cation, advancing civilization, a clearer revelation of the true meaning of liberty, the Divine ideal of justice, and, above all, the widening influences of Christianity, are arousing men to a sense of honest fairness and women to a conception of responsi- bility. Enlightened opinion everywhere is now in favor of allowing woman to do her full duty as she, not man, conceives 14 EQUAL SUFFUACJE. it, on exactly e(|nal conditions with man. She is now per- mitted to work at any occupation f(jr which she deems herself suited ; she may receive the most complete education offered by the best universities in En<^lisli-speakin<( countries and fill a professor's chair in some university ; she has already proved herself the equal of the best men in the hif^hest departments of study and investigation ; she ma}^ enter the learned professions ; she is elected to public offices ; she has the right to vote in official meetings in most Protestant Churches ; she has, in many countries, freedom to do her duty by voting for the election of members of municipal councils and school boards ; and in four states and colonies — Wyoming, Colorado, New Zealand and South Australia — she has attained the fullest rights of citizen- ship on a perfect equality with man. Chapter III. THE BIBLE ON EQUAL SUFFRAGE. "I am in favor of woman suffrage." — Phillips Brookn. "I believe that the great vices in our large cities will never be conquered until the ballot is put in tlie hands of women." — Bishop Simpson. " There is also the question of woman suffrage. The experiment will be made, whatever our theories and prejudices may be. Women are the most religious, the most moral and the most sober portion of the American people, and it is not easy to understand why their influence in public life is dreaded." — Bishop Spalding, Roman Catholic. "In view of the terrible corruption of our politics, people ask. Can we maintain universal suffrage? I say No, not without the aid of women." — Biahop Gilbert Haven. "I have not found a respectable reason why women should not vote." — Bev. M. J . Savage. " In quite early life I formed the opinion that women ought to vote, because it is right, and for the best interests of the country. Years of observati )n and thought have strengthened this opinion. " — Bishop Bowman, "I fully believe that the time has come when the ballot should be given to woman. Both her intelligence and conscience would lead her to vote on the side of justice and pure morals." — Bishop Hurst. " It is a right of woman where she is taxed. It is an affront to intelligent womanhood to refuse to the sex the most powerful agency of a Republic, while givint; it to every stupid, ignorant man. It would educate woman herself, and do more than any preachments to put an end to gossip and the idle business of society, by enlisting woman in great affairs." — Bev. Heber Newton. i EQUAL SUFFRAGE. 15 One principal cause of the failure of so many luaguificent sehemeM, social, political, religious, -which have followed each other age after age, has been this: I iiat 111 almost every case they have ignored the rights and powers of one-halt the human race, vi/., woman. 1 l)e!ieve that politics will not go ri.'ht. that nothing human will ever go right, tha religion will not go right, except in 80 tar as woman goes right ; and to make woman go right, she must be nut in her place, and she must liave her rights."— 6'««om Kimjslin. "To oppose giving the franchise to women seems to me simply stupid."'— liev, Josvjih Parker. ' The Bible i.s commonly used as the basis of arguments by the opponents of woman sutira«;e. Self-coiiiplacont men and too submissive women say : " There is no use in discu.ssing the question. God has settled it. He .said (Gen. iii. IG): 'He shall rule over thee,' and there is no u.se fighting against God." God did .say to Eve, " he .shall rule over thee," but this subserviency was a part of her curse for her sin. Man and woman were created equal. Dr. Adam Clarke says: "At their creation both were formed with equal rights, and the woman had probably as much right to rule as man." Dominion was not given to him, but to them. (Gen. i. 28.) A part of woman's punishment for her sin was subordination to man. She lost for a time her eciuality, but Christ's .sacrifice overcame the effects of the fall ; woman, as well as man, was re- deemed by Christ ; therefore, .subjection to man is not now an essential condition of womanhood. Woman's continued subor- dination to man is as sinful, after its degrading effects are made clear to her, as any other failure to free herself from the evils consequent on the fall, since Christ has made it po.ssible for the.se evils to be removed. God clearly proclaimed man's rule over woman to be an evil. It never has been anything else but an evil, and in the nature of things it never can be anything but evil. The subordination of one human soul to another, the slave to his master, the de- votee to the priest, or woman to man, has always dwarfed the subordinated soul and helped to make the dominant .soul .selfish, narrow and arrogant. Man's rule, whether intended to be limited or complete, was impo.sed on woman as a punishment for disobedience to God, but woman was made free from its terrible consequences by Christ. 16 KQUAL SUH'UACE. Christian nntions do not surpass pajjan nations in any other way so fully as in the rcsprct paid to woman, and the recoi^ni- tion j^iven to her as man's e<[nal. Tiie curse of subserviency to man is felt least where Christianity has most intluence, and the time is not far distant when women will he as free as men. Till they have the complete freedom contemplated hy the teachin<]f that each individual soul is directly responsible in thouf];ht and act, the pro<^ress of Christian work will be slower than it should be. The terrible curse of subordination has crippled the highest powers of women too lonf(. Women and men should unite in hearty, earnest effort to overcome the effects of this threat evil, and to hasten the time when there shall be no sliadow between a single human soul and its highest duty. The fall and tlie re- demption are co-extensive ; men and women caused the fall and brought the curse, men and women must co-c derate with God in its removal. A large number of people satisfy themselves with the idea of woman's subservience to man by quoting Gen. ii, 18, "I will make thee an helpmeet for him." It is somewhat difficult to understand how men should come to think that in making a helpmeet for man God must necessarily make an inferior. Neither the verse itself nor the context justifies such an infer- ence. Dr. Adam Clarke says, In his comments on this verse : '' This implies that the woman was to be a perfect resemblance of the man, possessing neither inferiority nor superiority, but being in all things alike and equal to himself,' and in explain- ing Genesis iii. 16, he says, " At their creation both (man and woman) were fonned with equal rights." Matthew Henry's commentary on Genesis ii. 18 explains "helpmeet" as "a help like him, one of the same nature and the same rank of beings." A wife can be a true helpmeet only when she is her husband's equal in liberty. Paul's writings are the only other parts of Scripture quoted to show that woman must remain subservient to man. Paul's references to women were based on the social customs and conventionalities of a period nearly 2,000 years ago. In Paul's time women had not merelv to submit to their husbands, 4 I IMiwn-" EQUAL SUFFUAOE. 17 »er they had to marry the husbands chosen hy their fathers, even thonlmnc(!llor liurvvasli, of Victoria University, and llev I'rof. tJones, of Wyclifl'e (Jolloi^p, will liclp to remove miH- conccptions rc^ardin^f tlie liiMe and woman sullrage. Dr. (^avon writes : " I re^jfret tluit liavinLj several special duties on hand I have not time to furnish any adequate state- ment of my views as to the teacliiiiLjof Scripture reirardinuf the position of woMian in relation to man. Tiie New Testauienfc teaches that 'the liead of the woman is the man' and that the woman was created ' for the man.' Her position is, therefore, in some respects, one of subordination, while in other respects Olio of equality. The Apostle 'sutFcrs not a woman to teach, nor to usurp authority over the man.' She is to 'keep silence in the churches,' and to he under obedience, as also saith the law. These statements are not to be explained away or regarded as obsolete. But I do not find in the words (juoted, or in auythinrj else said in the Word of God, authority for holding that woman has no place in the body politic, or no such place as should f^ivo her a voice in its affairs. The question of her civil enfranchisement must, in my opinion, be decided on other grounds. I do not Hnd in Scripture anything which can be fairly adduced in opposition to her enfranchise- ment. In many branches of the (Jhurch women vote on all questions equally with men. If this is right — as I have no doubt it is — it would be difficult to show that women should not have permission to vote in the municipal or national sphere." Chancellor Burwash writes, from Victoria University, under date of January 25Lh: "In reply to your letter of imjuiry of the 23rd inst., permit me to say that, as I read the Scriptures, I find their whole tenor places woman on a perfect equality with man. That lesson is taught at the very outset in the account of the creation in the second chapter of Genesis. In the subsequent history we have in the examples of Deborah, i 1 I i VAiVAL SITFKHAOE. 10 Miri.un. Ilul.iah, vie, pro..f that tlu" Divino spirit of lea.lor.ship. tfov.-rninent an.l prophcey was not coiiliricd to men. ^ "Til.,- n;um.. principl.. .vj»ppeiu's in the Now Testainont— Anna, PIkjIm'. Dorcas an.l tho Marys aro uccoidt'd a proiiiinonce whicli extoiMls oven into thu jrovornment of tl>e Cliurcli. In tho it-conitMl Cl.i.rch I'loctioMs tliero is no i.int of tlio exclusion of women, and if a woman ouM fill tlio otiico of tlio deaconato it i.s vory iu.prol.al.l.' that she should l.o excluded from castin:rially aflTect the subject of so-called Woman's Rights? Would not this very inferiority be » reason why every advantage should be given to the weaker sex, not only for its own good, but for the highest development of the race V "—Huxley. 1. ''It is umuomanhj to vote" Why? By whose standard ? By what authority is this statement made ? There is no reason, there never has been a reason, there can be no reason for say- ing so. The prejudices of mankind and the conventionalities of society : these are the foundations on which the statements i-est. Woman does a great many things now, with the approval of all right thinking people, that conventionalities once declared to be improper. Nothing is unwomanly that is in harmony with a true woman's conscientious sense of her duty. It con- not be unwomanly tojierform the highest f-mctions of Christian citizenship. 2. ''Woman sHtt'nif/f' /.s a revolutionary mmsure." This is an a,ge ot evolution, not of revolution. In the suffrage ques- tion, ^or instance, no or.e propo.ses to disfranchise man, and enfranchise woman in hi i stead. That would be revolutionary. 22 EQUAL SUFFRAGE. The proposal of this era is to recognize the duty of voting, and extend the right of voting to interested, intelligent and respon- sible human l>einy this objection, indicates the need of woman's elevatini^, purif3'ing influence. Wendell Phillips crystalli/cd the reply to this argument when he said, " Women will make the polliu'^ booth as pure as the parlor," and there is every reason to believe with Mr. Phillip.s that instead of politics dtii^radin.j women, women would elevate politics. Why should it degrade a woman to e on their f/iiai(J." The home should be a vital element in national life. Whoever brinii's the home dement to bear more directly on politics is a benefactor to his race. The lary its head; a ehanr/e that throws the family into the political caldron surdy falls for spocitd considendion." H itherto the family has not been represented at all as a unity. One unit in the family has represfnited himself and assumed to rep- resent others. The man who gathers the adult members of Ins family together to consult them with a view of representing the opinion of the majorit}' of them by his vote, would be a curi- osity. No man can, with an 3' sense of fairness, be said to represent his family unh^ss he does this. The family has not alwavs been a unit, because in many cases the father and several adult sons in the same family have votes. This fact has not disrupted the peace of reasonable families. 14. " Wives miyht vote against their oirn husbands, and thus destroy the harmony of the iLome." It is a strange conception of family harmony that husband and wife must think alike in regard to all subjects. This would not l)e true harmon}-, it would be mere sameness; and it is only logically conceivable on the surrender of the individuality of one to that of the other. This can never be done without degradation to the one who has to submit. Woman has had too nuich of such dej^radation. Why should two reasonable beings cease to recognize each other's right to independent juilgment because thej^ are married to each other ? Woman suffraand will be saved from the debasinff selfishness of believino- himself >s^ i 1 28 EQUAL SUFFRAGE. to be the only member of his household worthy of being entrusted with the di<^nity of votincr. It would be a great advantatra if tiio drunkard's wife and the moderate drinker's wife could vote in opposition to their hus- bands. Such opposition would result in ultimate peace and not discord. 15. " Wives would iisaallij vote as fhelr husbands wished, so the result woul I not he w/itei'i(dhj chivged." Wives would not always vote in accord with th' ir husbands, but even it" they felt disp )sed to do so in every case, they would do so only on condition that their husband's parties brought out clean candi- dites. This would mean a great deal, and would justify the admission of woman to the political arena, if no other argu- ment could be advanced in favor of it. It should be remembered that there are many unmariied women and widows who will have votes when woman suffrage is granted, so that it will not do to ccmsider wives alcne. The hopeful answer to this objection lies in the fact, that the wives and daughters of good men would be more likely than the wives and daughters of bad men, to vote in harmony with their hnstiands. IG. " Women are fairbj repres^ented by men. Their fathers and brothers vote." They have never been fairly represented. There is no countr}^ in ihe world where the laws are lair to women. Since women began to take an interest in public affairs great changes have been made to improve the laws so as to make them fair to women, but the laws are still unjust to women. This is the natural result of having laws made by men alone. Buckle says : " There is no instance on record in the history of Eng- land of any class possessing power without abusing it." From the first establishment of representative government the class that held the franchise has ai'.vays claimed that it represented all other classes, and that, therefore, the other classes did not need to vote. The same claim is now made on behalf of the men. " Our chiss represents your class, men represent women, why are you not satisfied ? " This is exactly what the hereditary aristocrat once said to all otheis, and it took centuries to induce the people of England to allow working- .is,! I ril«MM|i||Iia||r<~?« ««(*«i'iject to our jileasnre,' and this is what men have always said to women.' If men are to represent women, women have at least the ri^ht to help to choose the men who are to r. present them. 17. " W(/mcii (IS (I ,sr./' /arvc. no irrinH/s which male legislators cannot he fxpcctc/l to redress." The (piestion is not whetlier male legislatures are qualiHed to redress wrongs or not. Women •do not ask the right to vote merely to redress their wrongs. They ask the franchise because they believe themselves to be important elements in the national life of the country in which they live. They seek to vote and claim the right to be elected to positions on school boards, nmnicipal councils, and even in legislatures, parliaments and congresses, in order that they may elevate the tone of public morals, and aid in securing laws for the protection of their brothers, sisters, sons and daughters. They do not wish to vote only for women, or on questions re- lating to women. They know that " uncon.sciousness of sex is es.sential to the best work of either .sex." They wish to stand side by side with men in working out the grandest destiny of the race. It may not be out of place to say, however, that male legislatures never can represent women fully. No legislature composed of one class or sex ever has or ever can lepresent another class or sex. Again, until women are allowed to vote no legislature of any kind can possibly represent them. Re- presentation necessitates voluntary choice on the part of those represented. Unless a Parliament is elected by women as well as men it cannot claim to represent women in any accurate sense. 80 EQITAL SUFFIIAOK. l;! j. LS. " Miilf b-ifislnlarc!^ /ntrc dlrcfnli/ {/one far in (jlvinrj ^ woincn sfiifiUori/ pi'olccfion." Woiiiun <1() not ask protection. Thry ask justice. 'J'liey ask recojL^riition of their jtower.s, and of their ri,L,'lits to use them. Tiii-y ask freedom to perfoim tlieir duty as tliey conceive it. Trinj women resent man's ideal that tliey are weak and delicate hein;,'s to be protected. From what are tliey to be protected ? The only protection they need is from man idmself in his assumption of their just rights and privilcj^^'s. Woman chiims liberty, not protection. She is not content witli barbaric or oriental subordination, nor with the equally (le;jradin<; ideal of an extravagant chivalry, 8ho asks recoL^^nition as a jj^ood. sensible, human beiuLj, with povver.s as distinct and as essential as man's, which slic purposes to u.so in co-operation with man in workin:,' out human destiny. 11). " WoDK'n, s/ioidil Intrc coiifuievce in man.'' Women have confidence in the justice of enliLjhteneil and unprejudiced men, and thev arti now en-fa-'t'd in eidii^Iiteniuix man, and frreinjj him from Ids dwai'tinjLif piejudices. The fact that the ablest modern theologians an^i social scientists and many of the greatest statesmen are in favor of woman suliVai^o, gives woman confidence in man's justice. The recent majority in the British House of Commons naturally strengthens the confi- dence, but it does more ; it increases woman's faith in the justice of her cause. Woman asks man to undo a great wrong, and she believes he will be wi.se enouirh to recoj^nize woman's responsible individuality, and just enough to free her from the restrictions of a primitive civilization. The fact that woman appeals to man for justice, does not prove that woman .should be sati.sfied to allow man alone to continue to make law.s, but the reverse. She appeals to man becau.se at present he holds the power in his own hands, so that her appeal cannot logically be used as the basis of an argument ajrainst woman sutiVaue. Men should trust women as much as they expect women to trust them. Women love and respect men quite as much as men love and respect women. Women would be as fair to men as men could be to women, but none of the men who urge women to be sati.stied to allow male parliaments, responsible to men alone, to make laws for them, would themselves be willing m.Jl.-lH.HWiH- ' W EQUAL SUF1'UA(JE. 31 to 1)0 ijovcrnod by fomalo parruinifnts respoiisiltli! to women only. One cuso is as ivusoniildo as the otluT. 20. " 'f/h'ir. rnmilii fnv Im.rs to the. I'oni/n'firioii of woDtcn ivilli, m(i)i III the projcssionsd till fiun/i-s.'' Why should tluTc 1)0 any nrtiticial hariirrs in \von»an's way to jjievent her doini^ any honest work I'wr which she has a taste, ami i'or which she deems herself litted { Wiiat ri^ht ha*: u man to raise any barriers a;.T,iinst woman ? What v\'^\\t have women, even, to bar any pathway Ji^ainst an itulividiial woman who wishe;; to walk therein ? Liberal men and women are rapidly sweepinjif away the conventit)nalities that liave crippled the etlbits of women and circumscribed tlieir spheres and dwarfe«l their very souls; but every ste{) towards tlie li,L,dit has been taken in o})position to unpro;jfressive men ami conventional women who vainly tried to check enli^hteninj,' truth. 21. " T/ic fiuDisfer of poiv r from the mUifitrif to tJie n umili- tarij ficx ' '^'oti'f.-i ((, chunge in fhn c/uwdctcr of K iidfioii. It involvM, In. short, luUioiml <'))i'(sciilatioii." A;4ain it is assumed that woman suttVane means woman's rule and man's detlirone- niont. A!,'ain it must be stated that unity of rule, not wonuin's rule, is the aim of all reputable advocates of wonuin's enfran- chisement. It is probable this wuuld result in "a cham^'e in the character of the nation," but not such a chanuje as that dreaded by its opponents. The " war " ari^mment is a very old one often answered. Women suffer as much as men from war. Their hardships at home are often eipial, and their anxieties greater than those of the .soldiers on tlie Held or in the camp. Tho.se soldiers are husbands, sons, brothers or lovers of sorrow- ini^ women. Many women labor in hosj)itals and various otlier ways for the soldier.s. Woman's work is not man's work, nor man's work woman's, in war or in peace; but her work is quite as needful to tlie worhl's advancement, botli in peace antl war, as nuin's is. The time cometh, too, when "war .shall be no more," and however man may sneer at woman suffrage, woman's work will aid in the fultihnent of this prophecy. Then, too, very few men ever really tif;ht for their country. The " war arnument " would, therefore, disqualify most of the very men who use it from voting, and, carried to its logical EQUAL SUFFUAOE. limit, it would confine suffVufjo to soldiers alone. If the func- tion of the State i)e only to mise armies and buihl court-houses and jails, woman may safely he refused the ballot; hut if the State should deal with education, art, science, charity, justice, maiuil'i '^tu'cs and c .ii.merce, woman is entitled to her share in guidin<; I he atluirs of State. 22. " Man alone can uphold govrrnrnent and enforce, the law. Let ihe edifice of law he as moral as yon will, its foundation is the force of the comruunlti/, and thejorce of the community is male. Laws passed by the woman s vote will he felt to have no forc" hrhiiid them. Would tlir stvonm: shared in making thera. 23. " The elevation of ivoman is a diferent thing from assimilaton to man." Woman does not ask assimilation to man. She could not be assimilated if she wished such a change. God made her woman, and she cannot make herself man. Her mental and moral nature is as distinctive as her physical nature. Just why some people imagine that the * I I I I I I n j i j i i i jwm KtJl'AL Sl'KFUACJE. '.iH I sufrniirc would (issiinilnte hor to iium is not clear. Woman has tilt' ri<,'lit to think, and to express \wr tlioii'^hts in liooks oi' on tlie platform. These thin<,rs do not assimilate ht-r to man; mMtlier* w'onld the niarkini,' of a ballot paper. 24. '' Woiiioii, !f sitr hill, litis II iitiin,iuiUhi' 'r pyivileijc as a ivoniau. S/w cdnnot expect to have hotli privilege and eqiudify." Thoughtful w^omen demand no 3 M VALVAL SUFniAGE. privilecres l)Ocausc tl>ey are women. They wouM be satistte.l if they could stand besi.hi their brothers on a perfectly e(|ual footinir. They reject subordination, and they resent the patron- izin /u>ye ax' man >^, therefore .she should wd rufe." Size of brain lias never been ma.le a test in deeidinrr man's riglit to vote, so this objection is irrelevant. No one ever saw an official at a pollin.ir bootli with a tape-line to measure men's heads to decide whether they should vote or not. It is therefore perfectly illo^dcal to raise tlie ([uestion of the size of woman's head in disciissin«,^ her rii^ht to vote. If a standard could be fixed for the size of a voter's head, and applied in the case of men as well as women, there would be justice in the rule, but little sense. Only small-headed men, with their largest development in the back of their heads' near the top, could be illofrical enough to propose such a test. Quality of brain is more important than size of brain. Thou- sands of men vote in every country who are not equal in intelligence to the average woman. The great body of men most uniformly opposed to equal suffrage are not only small- headed, but small-hearted. 29. "Brain tnjrk is more exlavmtu'e to irom.an tluui to man:' VVhal has this statement of an assumed fact to do with suffrage \ The only logical relationship it can have in deciding the question, is in deciding whether a woman can vote without becoming a mental Wi.M . There is no more mental exhaustion in going out to vote than in goin«- out to buy a yard of ribbon The necessary reading and thought to enable women to vote intelligently will be stimulating, not exhausting. " What ! Stimulating to the laboring woman ? " Yes; stimulating most of all to her, because it will bring most variety, most new bitellectua! life to her. 80. " Women are r.wrs n'rvous than men, and the excitement £ 3() EQUAL SUFFRAGE. of elections w,ndd uiulerniine their constitutions and tend to nnhaiance them:' Thousands of men vote whose nervous systems are in a worse condition than the nervous system ot the averaire wonuui. Men indulge in smoking, in the drink habit and' in other habits more exhaustive to the nervous system more than women do, so men should take care lest, by suggesting a nervous test, they may be establishing a principle that wiirdisfrancluse the male sex at no distant date. If humanity deman.ls that woman should be prohibited from voting in order to prevent her physical deteriorati.)n in con- sequence of her present weakness, surely the same principle would prohibit those men from voting who are weaker than women, in order to prevent the further deterioration of their already enfeebled bodies. It is very satisfactory to note that men as well as women are becoming aroused in regard to the physical deterioration of women under false conditions, and that widespread efforts are being m: de to improve the conditions of training and living so that woman may have the opportunity to develop vigor and endurance as freely as man. Woman has been restricte* in he a tendency among the Leaders of the revolt of ivoman to disparw/e matrimony 'as a bondage, and the rearing of children as an aim too low for an intellectual being:' It is natural to suppose that this general statement is ]-mited to the female leaders of the so-called revolt. No one would charge such men as Wendell Phillips, George William Curtis, Phillips Brooks, Joseph Cook, T. W. Higginson, Emerson, Longfellow, Whittier, Bishop Simpson, Charles Sumner, Chief Justice Chase. Charles Kingsley, Professor Huxley, or more than half the members of the British Parliament with such a tendency. The statement is equally foundationless in regard to the women among the leaders. The Countess of Ai)erdeen is president of the Wom.an's Enfranchisement Association in England. Lucy Stone, Mary A. Livermore, and Julia Ward Howe led the woman suffrage movement in America. The leadership of these noble women did not interfere with their wifehood or motherhood. All distinguished women do not marry. Neither do all distinguished men. 32. " Women w list bear and Dm-sf. children, and if they do this, it is impossible that they should com pete with men in occu- pations which demand complete devotion as well as superior drength of muscle or brain." This argument might fairly be ruled out of a discussion on woman suffrage, but it may be arswered in several ways. Women do not wish to compete with men in all occupations. They are the best judges of what the}^ should or should not do, and every rule of fair play demands that they be allowed to d. ci \an Is better fitted for home, who is also fit for something else." o4. " // women were allowed to vote there ivould he too many voten^." This is a last refuge for men without argument. It has always been the cry of the voting class when an exten- sion of the franchise was proposed. It is now the cry of the voting sex. Even if the statement were reasonable, sex is neither a logical nor a practical basis for the suffrage. If it was suggested that a certain amount of intelligence and experience should be the basis for the right to vote, there would be some force in the arirument of the restrictionists. It cannot be denied that thousands of women have intelligence enough to vote and wish to vote, that thousands of women pay taxes, and that all women have to submit to the laws. Sex is an absurd basis for suffrage. All just men would see that it is so, if some of them were not still blinded by prejudice. llo. " Women ivould qiuirrel iiAth eacli other if they had to conduct public busi]ie{<>i." Women even with a very limited ;as 1^» r~Q«.u^«r^ EQUAL SUFFRAGE. 41 experience now conduct large meetings, conventions, congresses, etc., as ([uietly and in as business-like a manner as men. It must be remembered, too. that no one proposes to liave women alone in Parliament. It is possible that women might sometimes get angry, but so do men. Unfortunately, there have been disgraceful scenes in the highest representative bodies of men in the parliaments of such Christian nations as (.Canada, United States, France, Germany and England, during the last quarter of the nineteenth century. It is a recogni/ed fact that when the two sexes are present each one acts as a restraining and an elevating power on the other. God made the one sex the helpful complement of the other. Political meetings have lost their bitterness and rowdyism since women began to attend them. Parliamentary procedure will be more dignified and polished as soon as women sit in Parliament. 36. "To Lcitliliold a rote is not essentialh/ an interference tuith lihcrty. A man mat/ hare ( ihrrfij ivit/umt a vote, and a vote without Uhcrtyy This statement is more epigrammatic than accurate. No man is free, i i the true sense of the word, unless he has the fullest rights of citizenship, independent of all limitations. The right to vote is the highest test of liberty. 37. " For an abstract cla'ini of rlt the politiad, pla/fnnn doe^ not limit her ambition to a i»u(r. She wants to slf in Parliament or in Con- gress." Why not ? Many of the men in any Parliament or in EQUAL SUFFRAGE. 4a Congress could easily bo replaced by women of larger intelli- gence, greater breadth of view and better education. There are plenty of women of leisure whose duties would permit them to assume the responsibilifies of representing their fellow-citizens in Parliament. There is no new principle in this idea. Women have long been elected to positions on school boards and muni- cipal councils. It might shock the prejudices of some conven- tional peojjle at first to see woinen in Parliament, but preju- dices have a habit of being shocked by the practical develop- ments of our progressive age. The best thing to do with preju- dices is to shock them. Prejudices must always yield to com- mon-sense and justice, and each successive generation becomes freer from the bondage of prejudices. It will be a great event in the world's history when the firf:t woman takes her seat in Congress or Parliament. When the happy time comes the world will marvel that it took so many centuries to accomplish such manifest justice. There is no danger that women will turn all the men out of Parliaiiivint. It would be as unjust and as unwise to have the men ruled by women alone as it now is to have women ruled by men alone. What right has man to draw lines to debar women from the fullest giowth possible ? Gibbon properly named man " The usurping s:'.x." He has usurped the riglit to circumscribe woman in regard to her educatic^n, her sphere, her privileges and her duties for centuries ; but women, conscious of their own individualit}' and their own responsibilities, liave gone bravely on, and, ignoring tlie lines so arrogantly y whicli slu; coul-l perform Iier .liity, iis she conceives it, townrd^^ (Jod and humanity. 27. Woman's voting; in KiiLjIund an-l .Vm.-rica in school and inniiicipal elcHiti.jiis, and in WyomJn--, Colorado and New Z'ahind in State and parliamentary elections, has proved a perfect success, and shown the fallacy of all theoretical ohjec- tiuns to it. Cjiaptku \'1. SK^]Tc^^Ks with morals. "I tl.ink there will he no end to the gtun] that will .onie hy woman's sum-age ..n the elected, on elections, on government, ami on woman herself " — L/liit'f Jus/h'i Cliiisf., '; For over forty years 1 have not hesitated to .leelare my conviction that justice and fair dealing, and the democratic principles of our government demand eiiuil rigiits and privileges of citizenship, irrespective ot i,T.'X 1 have not been al)lc to see any gojd reason for denying the ballot to women "—7 (i Mr. Jones and Mr. Smith are neis,'hbors. Mr. Jones is an educated ^^entleman, and his wife is a woman of broad culture. Both have generous, altruistic purposes, and lii^^h national and social ideals. They have seven dauofhters, who liave all grown to maturity. None of them are married. They have all received a liberal education. They have read widely in rec^ard to social questions and political economy. They are exemplary women, who are active in devotion to religious and philan- thropic duties. They have clear and detinite views on public questions. Mr. Smith is an ignorant, dissipated man, and his wife is an ignorant, dispirited woman. They have seven sons, whose education is of the most meagre character. Their moral train- ing has been very defective. They have been allowed to grow up in idleness, without learning ui .- trade or foUowino- any regular means of earning a living. Three of them have been fined for breaches of the peace while under the influence of 48 EQUAL SUFFRAGE. liquor, and two of them served short terms in prison for stealint^. . On election day the Jones family counts one, and the Smith family counts ei*,dit. '''ne family that is a burden to the State and a menace to civilization has eight times as much influence as the family that is self-respecting, self-supporting and co- operative in all that tends to uplift society. The family that respects and obeys law counts one : the family that despises and dehes law counts eight. The family vdiose votes may be bou'^lit by any evil system or immoral institution or corrupt party, votes eight times; the family that is incorruptible votes Vjut once, and even its poor solitary vote is dependent on the short life of a delicate old man. A Marcli wind, a November rain, or any accident may rob the entire Jones family of its franchise. S>!ven males in the Smith family may be carried to the 'H-ave, and still the Smith family will have as much ballot power as the J(mes family. Clearly sex is not a true basis for suffrage either logically or practically. Mr. anil Mrs. Tb.ompson live on a poor street in a large city, ^rhev have five children, all boys. They were born in a rural district, but came to live in the city eight years after they were married. Mr. Thompson is a plasterer, and for about two years after they came to live in the city he worked regularly at iiis trai« »r7«« vp^wR'w J? f^lii lit iiJil Kvcx— Tilt) Kliiirdom of IIoiivcii on IVith Introduction by MliiS FBA^CEly E. K'.i,,i,_.SubJecUvc J.ovu-Ti.f Laws of Heaven. W ILLAJiD, Contains photoRi'aviirc portrait of Mrs. Yon- i man8, and gro\ii) portrait of Miss Willanl, Mrs. Lucas, and Mrs. YoMnmns. Als >, in I lie ! second edition, a portrait of Lady .Soniorset and ' Miss VV'illard. Clotli, $1.00, post'pnld. Althoiis:h issued only about ihrec weelis, wc have already printed a second c.!'* ion of Mrs. Younians' book. The sale has been very jfral i- fying, and promises to substantially remu- nerate the invalided author. From all sides we hear good words about the book. It is brimful of interesting incident, contains a complete history of the Women's Christian Temperance Union in Canada, and includes also two of the most popular and elf'ec- tive of Mrs. Youmans' temperance addresses— "Haman's License" and " Building tlie Walls." The cause of temperance in (Canada owes much to the splendid work done by Mrs. Youniiins when in possession of full strength and \ iiror, and now when laid aside from active work, tlie friends of temperance should rally— ami are nobly rallying- to aid her by helping the sale of the book. Spurgeon's Last and Best Book THE GOSPEL OFIHEKIIIGDOM A Popular Exposition of the Oospel According to St. Matthew. By rev. C. H. SPURGEON. With Introductory Note by Mus. C. H. Spur- GKo.v, and an Introduction to the Americai Kdition by Uev. A. T. PiEKSON. Cloth, 51« puspfl, 91.50. A NEW GAME ! Recreation in Rlietoric PLEASURE SPICED WITH PROFIT. By Rev. R. J. STILWELL. Price, 40 cents, poNt-pnld. Mr. Stilwell has done good work in preparing this game. While providing amusement it im- parts instruction, and prompts to intellectual culture. Our ministers, while (rightly) con nemning dancing and other riucslionablc amusements, should recommend their young people to try this ciipital game. The mode of play is similar to " Authors." A circular of in- struction is enclosed with each box. This is one of the most important issues of the year. It is the latest and ripest of Spur- gcoiVs life labors. We may predict for it a larger sale than any of his former works— partly betause it is his latest, and has in a sense the aroniii of his dying tlays ; and itarf ly because it is a sim)>k', brief and charming menmrial of one of tiie most etfective popular preachers of his age. S. S. LIBRARIES. The Metbodist Book Rooms at Toronto, Montreal and Halifax are well known as leading emporiums for the supply of Sunday School Literature. Full lines of the pub- lications of THE RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY and other large Publishing Houses. Books by our own Ministers!, and books especially suitable for Methodist readers. A large selection of temperajice stories, alsa mis- sionary biography, and thrilling accounts of missionary toil and triumph. Our dis- counts are liberal, our terms i Ive general satisfaction WRITE FOR OUR CATALOGUES. METHODIST BOOK AND PUBLISHING HOUSE, TORONTO. C. W. COATES, Montreal, Que. S. F. HUESTIS, Halifax, N.S. A Long- Felt Want Grandly Supplied. METHODIST Hymn il Tune Book OUR PRESENT HYMN BOOK WITH SUITABLE TUNES ATTACHED. This spleiulid book, the wjiiit of which had long l)cen a reproach to our Canadian Methodist Church, wj have issued in three different editions, and in a variety of styles as follows : SI 00 PEOPLES EDITION. SIjeo 7^ x 5| inches. 1. Cloth, plain ecljjes, .-..-.- 3. Ronn, H|)rinklutl odji^cn, -...-. 3. P^rench 3Iorocc'o, yjipptul, gold edfi^os, 4. Morocco, yapped, red under gold cdgon, C HOIll EDITION. Sl/.o Si x G\ inches. 5. Cloth, plain edges, -.-.... C. Itoan, sprinkled edges, - ... - . 7. Frencli Morocco boards, gilt edges, ORGAMST'S EDITION. Size 10 x 7\ inclies. 8. Cloth, plain edges, net, ------ 9. French Morocco boards, gilt edges, net, ORDER HY NUMiiKUS. SIMXIAL RATES IX C^UAMITY. The reception given tlie book is gratifying alike to the Editors and Com- pilers and the Publisher. The loading Choirs of the country are putting aside the old Tune lV)ok and adopting tliis long-needed and now happily-consummated union of hymns and tunes in the one book. It is entering the homes of our people. The splendid, large, cleir type of the Organists Edition, so suitable for the organ or piano in the home, is universally admired. It is hoped that the use of the book will become general in our congrega- tions. It will wonderfully improve the service of song. The People's Edition, at popular prices, is just the thing for the pews. 1 50 2 00 3 00 91 50 2 00 2 50 »2 50 3 50 and Com- TO THE PASTOR: rastors will And lu tills book, in each edition, a copious Index of the Ifynins, texlnal aiiid topical, wliirli is ai«>nc wctrtli tlic price of tlic Ixiok. Over 1,'JflO texts are referred tii, and suiiaiiii' Hymns attaciicd. i1 he present Index in the Hyniu Book has only al>out I'O texts.) In tiie Topical index about 1,300 topics and sub* topics arc to In; round, as compared >vith 450 lu the old index. Whiitevcr nia.v be the sul>Ject of discuursc, suitable liyuins may Itc selected by the help of this newr index at a moment's warning. We would most earnestly request all Pastors to help tlic sale of this book Ity bringing it to tlie attention of their choirs and cougrfgations. ^ WILLIAM BRIGGS, Wesley Buildings, Toronto. C. W. COATES, Montreal, Que. S. F. HUESTIS, Halifax, N.S. ' NOW READY! JUST PUBLISHED. or Black Beauty The Antobloirraphy of a Horse. By ANNA SEWELL. Quarto Edition, with lao New lUuBtrations Many of these full-page by an eminent English artist. CLOTH, SI.75. THE LIFE AND TIMES or Major-Ben'l Sir Isaac Brock "THE HERO OF CANADA." By D. B. READ, Q.C., Hittorian of the County of Fork Law Association. In one volume of about SM pages. With Portraits and Illustrations. OotaYO, Price SLSO. A Toronto gentleman, speaking of this book remarked to us, "Yes, I have read 'Black Beauty,' and I have been unhappy ever since. The horses have all been speaking ! I have given copies to several of the cabmen to get them to treat their horses kindly. " A good life of General Brock from a Canadian pen —and one lo well equipped for the task as that which gaveut the "Life and Timee of Governor Simcoe" and "The Lives of the Judgea, "-will be hailed with gen- eral Mtiafaction. Mr. Rud has spent yean in the pre. paration of this work, and places before his readers a most readable biography of the illustrious officer to whom Canada owes a lasting debt of gratitude. Just Published. UN \iKn\ci. AND OTHER POEMS; BY lUEDERICK GEORGE SCOTT, Author of "The Soul's Quest, and Other Poems," " Elton HazUwood," etc. Cloth, Uncut Edgres, 75 Cents.' Watered Silk Cloth, Superior Paper, $1.00. This dainty collection of verse from one of Canada's most gifted poets will make a very acceptable Christmas gift, as also would any of the following volumes of . . OTHER CANADIAN POETS . . Lake Lyrics W. W. Campbell $t 00 The Dread Voyag^e . . » x 00 Songs of the Common Day CuAS. 6. D. Roberts z 25 In Various Moods, Stvakt Livinostok z 00 Among the Millet, AbchibaldLampman 125 This Canada of Ours J. D. Euoab 7j JUST ISSUED. In the National Gallery FOITR LETTERS ON THE Development of Italian Art. BY Etutblinb K. Rhnd. 64 pp., stiff paper coveics, 25o. This is a reprint, in neat brochure fonOr of the charming letters contributed by Mrs. Hand to the McMastcr Monthly. New Tracts BY Rev. W. Galbraith, M.A., Ph.B. Thb Orioinal Desion or thr Sabbath. I. Ori- ginal Design of the Sabbath. II. Our Present Duty in Regard to the Sabbath. Each 5c., 50o. per doz., $3.50 per hundrod. Ohristianitt and Social Rrforms. Published by special request. Eacb So., 30o. per doi,, $2.50 per hundred. WILLIAM BRIGGS, Wesley BuUdings, Toronto. C. W. COATES, Montreal, Que. s. F. HUESTIS Halifax, N.S /-^ FAMILY, i'^ 7JPV\I STUDENT, X-^ L/C-r y SCHOOL, .__- < — LIBRARY, EVERY EEHSOA PVJiO REAPS OR WRITES SHOULD OWN THE NEW WEBSTER INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY FULLY ABREAST OF THE TIMES. PrMT, SIicM'i* ItiiKliii;;. $1*^..'>0: (with Dnmwon's lu.ifM. $i:t.50. Wt'liHt««r'« Intornatl'in;il i>i<>tioiuii'.v i-; tlic IfKiliMi.Hc ■ut;lily idd tod in ovo^y cU'tail, and vast ly ciiiMcln d in cvory part, willi llic i>iii'pii.-i' of adatitii'i,' it to incc: t Me larger and sovt'i'iM' re iiiiicini'iits of a otlK r j^i-noration ns satisfactorily a.s the •* I'liiibi lilm^rd ' has met tho reqnircmciits of the lii-t tjciiciMiioii. Ill the I'liiti'd States W'oltstci's Kictionary i-i rocoinnicndcd by all the Slate Sn))i'rinleiidcnls of St'lioojs ami l)y nearly all Itii; ColleLrc^ I'l i^^ideiits. I<;\ > ry Mali; I'urclia-^e of l)iet ioiiaries for seliools lias hceii of W'ehsliT. Mo e than 'rwentyiive .MIdion Se li()(dl)ook> lia-ed on W'l.'b.NttT are |)ul)!i-lii(l annnalls . Jl i^ t lie .-landard Iticl i(jhary in tlie (ioveinment I'rmlinK t'llit'O and with the Su|)ri;ine Court. It ia more generally in acliuil u^e as a Standiird Authority than any other dieiionary in the world. A DELIGHTFUL BOOK. PEARLS AND PEBBLES or, NOTES OF AN OLD NATURALIST. Wy MRS. CATfLARINE PAKK TRAILL. Author uf " ijiudiis in I'hint LiJ'i," " Afor in llu: Funst," ttc. WITH BIOGRMPHICKL SKETCH. By MARY ACiNKS FITZ(HRIi()N. Author of'A Vetcriiii of isi:," " .4 Triji to Ma,iit,' skciehe^? and narratives lor wliieh the writiT is faimms. Tho book reminds one of Cilberl, White, of rielborno. and of .lohn burroughs, but has a eharm of its own beyond either.' - Toronto Kmj)irL. Miss FitzGihbon's ehanninKly written Hiot?raphical Sketeh will to many br the mo.=t intcnistiiit; part of this wliolly deli,'h'ful book. It is with no lit le pridi- we pre-'nr this book to the Canadian public. The at,'ed anthorosH is now in her ninety-third year! That at this advanced a'.'c i.irs. Traill should prepare a hook like this for the press wo may almost claim as uniciue in literature. Every iiitelHifoiit CaiiaUiaa will >vaut tlii.s book. m niLIJi.M KKK.<;S, Wosl(\v Kiiil(iiii<4s, Toronto. C. W. COATES. Montreal. Quf«. S. P, HUESTIS. Halifax. N S.