IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) k '■o /. i /. S ic I I.I 11.25 lis ■ 50 ■2.8 us u IM 1.4 I 2.2 2.0 1.6 Photographic ^Sciences Corporation ^v ^ a>^ >^ ^> ^. ■^. «^ ci^ 33 WIST MAIN STMIT WIMTM.N.Y. t4SM (7t6)l73-4i03 '^>^ ^ ■'1 .<^. / 12X lex 20X a4X 28X IIX The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada L'exempiaire f llmA f ut reproduit grflce A la gAnArositA de: La bibliothdque des Archives publiques du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in iceeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the bacit cover when appropriate. 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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 32X 1 2 3 4 8 ..L:-,Lufi,:£:.._:iiii '^♦■IpkHfc-.-W , muiu J' I m. I fn \m H • O- ^>>. Hill-.. 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IIOTKLS AND TAVKHNS; RATK8 Ol" TOLL ON THK WKLLANDCASAL AND .SOMK Ot TIIK I'laNCU'AL llAUUOl'HS; LISTS OF EXi ORTS; yCANTlTY OF t'HOWN LANDS t-Jli SALi: IN KACU TOWNSHIP; NAMp;S AND ADDUKSSKS OF LAND AUtNTS AND FOUWA.lDtKS; THE LEADING FKATITIIES OF KACII LOCALITY AS KKGAUDS StjH., < l.IMATK, kV., WITH THE AVERAGE VALUE OF LAND. ^ WITH A MASS OF OTHKR DKSIKAHLK AND I'Sl-lLT- IM (MOIATION FOR TIIK MAN OK LLSINKSS, THA VKLI.l-H. (»H K.MKillANT. TUB WHOLE COLLlCiI'D KKOM THK BEST AUTllOlli I'lES, VEHIFILI) bV FEIiMINM, c HSKKVa IION AND liNqtlllliS, DUlil.Si; NKAKLY IHKEK YEARS DEVdlEl) lO IIIK .--lllJEt I, IN Willi :l IIME LIE , ACTllOll VISITEU E\ EHV UlSllllCr, TOWN, AND VILLACiE, IN .SEARCH OP INt UKH At It)N. ■.■■... .,..^ WITH A - . MAP OF THE UPPER PROVINCE, COMPILBI) EXPRESSLY FOR THE WORK, IN WHICH ARE I. AID DOWN \!.L THK TOWNS AND PRINCIPAL VILLAGES. BY WM. II. SMITH. Dedicated hy Paviission to Lord MttcitU'v. Idle (iornnor (itmr'il of Btitlsh Xoiili Ainvrica. TORONTO: PUBLISHED Foil THE AUTHOR, BY H. .Ss W. [tOWSKLL 184r- tunity of returning to them my best thanks for their kindness and courtesy. In collecting together such a mass of informaiion, extending over so great a surface of country, (and which information it was also necessary to condense as much as possible), it is not unlikely that some few inaccuracies m:iy have crept in; but 1 believe the work will be generally allowed to be as correct as it wae possible for a work of the kind to be made. Some two or three places of small consequence have been necessarily omitted, as Merriekville, on the Hideau Canal, which I passed througli in the night; and Bath, on the St. Lawrence, which, on account of the badness of the weather, I was unable to visit. 1 wrote to the postmaster of the latter place, (us the most public man in a village), requesting him to favour me with the statistics of the village; but he had not the politeness to answer my letter. In the prosecution of my object, I have spared neither trouble, expense, nor personal fatigue; and, in the ccmrse of my travels, I have walked over more than three thousand miles of groimd, through both the heats of HUinmer and the snows of winter; and having completed my labours, like a mariner starting on a voyage of discovery, I launch my bark u|ion the waters, trusting to tlie winds and waves of public opinion to waft it safely into port, — (put the profits into his pocket, he means. — Puint. Dkv.), — with the confident expectation that my exertions to make the Province better known and appreciated, will !)e supported as they should be, by all who must neceve Fergus, on the Canas- toga, a branch of the Grand River. Contains 22 inhabitants. ARTHUR. A Township in theWellington District ; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of Luther -, on the north by Egremont ; on the west by Minto ; and on the south by Maryborough and Peel. This township has only lately been laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. There are as yet but few settlers in it. ASPHODEL. A Township in the Colborne District ; is bounded on the east by the townships of Seymour and Belmont ; on the north by Dummer; on the west by Otonabee; .;i!d on the south by the River Trent. In Aspliodel 18,441 acres are taken up, 3,315 of which are under cultivation. Much of the land in this township is covered with pine. The village of Norwood is situated in the east of the town- ship, and there are also one grist and two saw-mills, and one distillery. Asphodel is principally settled by Irish Catholics. Seven hundred and fifty acres of crown lands are open for sale in the township, at Ss. c'y per acre. Population. Ratable property in the township, £10,314. ASHFIELD. A Township in the Huron District, belonging to the crown. Is bounded on the north by crown lands ; ou the west by Lake Huron; on the south by the township of Colborne and on the east by Wawanosh. This township possesses a fine climate and excellent soil, and is settling very fast. Nearly every lot along the lake shore is taken up. A town plot, comprising GOO acres, is laid out at the entrance of the River Ashfield into Like Huron. The village is called Albert. A creek enters the lake at the north-west corner of the township. The River Ashfield enters the township at its north-east corner, runs nearly south till within about four miles of the south boundary, then makes a sharp bend, and runs west-south-west till it reaches the lake. In Ashfield 3,722 acres are taken up ; of which 228 are under cultivation. There is in the township one saw-mill. Population 266. Ratable property in the township, £1,325. 6s. Government price for land in this township, 8s. currency per acre. ATHOL. A Township in the Prince Edward District ; is bounded on the north by the township of Hallowell ; on the East by Marysburgh ; and on the south and west by Lake Ontario. Athol contains 22.1.'54 acres, 9760 of which are under culti- vation. A bay, called " East Lake," stretches nearly across the north of the township, from south-west to north-east ; it is connected with Lake Ontario by means of a small channel. A range of high sand banks separates the body of the bay from the lake. The village of Bloomfield is situated in the north of this township. There are two water-grist and two saw mills, and one steam- grist mill in Athol. Population in 1842, 1454. Ratable property in the township, £23,429. ATHERLY. A Village in the towship of Mara, laid out in 1843, by Captain Creighton, just below the narrows of Lake Simcoe. There are but few settlers in it at present. There is some fine land in the neighbourhood. AUGUSTA. A Township in the Johnstown District ; is bounded on the east by the to-wrx- ship of Edwardsburgh ; on the north by Oxford and Waiford ; on the west by Elizabethtown ; and on the south by the river St. Lawrence. In Augusta, 44,313 acres are taken up, 17,823 of which are under cultivation. The land bordering on the St. Lawrence, in this township, is generally good ; but the back of the township contains much poor land. In Augusta, there are 250 acres of Crown lands for sale. There are six saw mills, one grist mill, and four dis- tilleries in the township. The town of Prescott is situated in the south-east comer of the township, on the St Lawrence. I i 1 1. (r 'J /'■' 8. *l I i \ Populaliou, 547 ■!. Ratable property in the township £69,168, which iscludM th« town of Pi'escott. AYLMER. A Village in the township of Malahide, on the Talbot road, twelve miles from St. Thomas, pleasantly situated on Catfish creek, in the midst of a rolling coun- try. It was commenced in 1835, and now contains about 260 inhabitants, who have a neat Baptist chapel. Post O ffice, post three times a-weok. Professions and Trades. — One physician and surgeon, two tanneries, three stores, three taverns ; one ashcry and saleratus factory, one watchmaker, two cabinet makers, two saddlers, four blacksmiths, three waggon makers, one tin- gmith, four tailors, three shoemakers. AYR. A Village in the west of the township of Dumfries ; situated on Smith's creek, or river Nith, ten miles from Gait. It was laid out in 1839. Population, 230. Ayr contains two churches, Presbyterian. Post Office, post once a-week. Professions and Trades. — One gi'istmill, fulling mill and carding machine, one tannery, two stores, one blacksmith, two shoemakers, two tailors, one cooper, two carpenters. BAGOT AND BLITHEFIELD. Townships in the Bathurst District, which, being but little settled, are at present united together. Bagot lies to the north-east and Blithefield to the south-west. They have been formed out of the township of Madawaska ; and are bounded on the north-east by McNab; on the north-west by Adamston ; on the west by iinsurveyed lands ; and on the south-east by Levant and Darling. In Bagot and Blithefield 9,172 acres are taken up, 1,020 of -"'hich are under cultivation. In Bagot 65,900 acres, and in Blithefield 30,150 acres of crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. There is one saw -mill in the township. There is no return of population for these townships. Ratable property in the township, £4,047. BALDOON. A Settlement in the township of Dover, which was originally made under the auspices of the Earl of Selkirk, who caused a road to be cut out from the settle- ment to the river Thames. The situation, however, was not well chosen, being too low, and liable to ague, consequently it has not increased very fast, or made much progress in improvement. BALSAM LAKE. A Lake in the north-west of the Colborne District. The most northerly of a chain of lakes running through the Colborne and Newcastle Districts. BARTON. A Township in the Gore District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Saltfleet ; on the north by Lake Ontario and Burlington Bay ; on the west by Ancaster ; and on the south by Glanford. In Barton, 15,392 acres are taken up, 899.'^ of which are under cultivation. This township is small, but it is well settled, and a large portion of it is under cultivation. The land is generally good, although the soil on the banks of the lake and bay is light. Timber, — maple, black walnut, beech, oak, &c., with a small quantity of pine. The town of Hamilton is situated in the township, on Burliugtou Bay. There are one grist and five saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 1434. -; < ., BAtable property in the township, £13,873. '' .' ' " jrly of a ire on* BARTONVILLE. A »mall Settlement in the township of Barton, situated on the St. Catherin«'» road, four miles from Hamilton. It uontains two taverns and about ten house*. BARRIE, So called after Commodore Barrie, the District town of the Simcoe District ; is beautifiUly situated at the head of Kempenfeldt Buy, in the township of Vespra, thirty-two miles from Holland Landing, and forty miles from Penetanguishine. Barrie was first settled in the year 1832; in 1837 it contained about twenty- eight families. In 1843 the county of Simcoe, until then part of the Home District, was declured a separate district, with Barrie for its district town. Since then it has increased rapidly. Tiie situation was well chosen and is healthy. Should the contemplated canal from the bay to Lake Huron, through Willow Creek and the Nottawasaga lliver, ever be formed, Barrie, which is now truly in the woods, will have uiiinterrujited water communication with the St. Lawrence. At present, the road from Barrie to the Holland Landing, is, in the spring and fall, almost impassable for waggons. The road to Penetangui- shine is umch better, running for the most part along a stony ridge of land. The mail, during the spring and autunm, is carried on horse-back; and through the sununer, partly on horseback, and partly by water. A new steamboat, the " Beaver," was launched during the summer of 1844: she is an excellent boat, and has good aecoumiodation. The banks of the bay have a rather sombro appearance, being almost totally devoid of clearing: most of the timber on the banks is pine. Town lots, of a ijuarter of an acre, in the old survey (or original town-plot) are in the hands of private individuals, and sell at from £20 to £oO, some higher. An addition has lately been made to the town-plot, and the lots in the new survey sell at from ,£5 to £\2 IOa-. each; they are mostly in the hands of the Crown. The public buildings are the jail and court-house. The jail is a handsome stone building ; the court-house is of brick, and has no beauh/t to boast of; the two cost the district nearly £9,000. There are three churches and chapels: viz. one Episcopal and two Methodist. There is an excellent district school (where private pupils are taken); a mechanics' institute, and a cricket club. The inhabitants are principally English, Irish and Scotch, and number about 500. The following government and district offices are kept in Barrie : Judge of District Court, Sheriff, Clerk of Peace, Registrar, Inspector of Licenses, Crown Lands Agent, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court, Deputy Clerk of Crown. Professions and Trades. — One physician and surgeon, one lawyer, six stores, three tanneries, one surveyor, three taverns, four blacksmiths, one waggon maker, one baker, one saddler, one cabinet maker, one watchmaker, six shoe- makers, three tailors, two butchers, one bank agency " Upper Canada." Ayentfor Home District Mutual Fire Insurance Company. — W. B. Smith. Steamboat I<^ares : — To Holland Landing 8s. 9d. c'y. To Orillia 8s. 9d. To ditto by Orillia lis. 3d. Shorter distances in proportion. Principal Tavern. — " The Queen's Arms." BARRYFIELD. A Village in the township of Pittsburg, situated on the Cataraqui Bay, oppo- site Kingston. It is irregularly built on a rising ground, having a blue lime- stone foundation. From the high ground in the neighbourhood of the village, on which Fort Henry is situated, a fine view may be obtained of the bay. Lake Ontario, Kingston, and the surrounding country. Barryfield contains about 300 inhabitants, two small stores, three taverns, two blacksmiths, and one shoemaker. ti " I . f II 10 t ! BASTARD. A Township Id the Johnstown Dibtriet ; is houuded on the north-east by the township of Kitley ; on the north-west by Soutii IJurgiKS and the Ridoau Lake ; on the south-west by South Crosby ; and on the south-east by Lansdowne. In Bustard, 40,422 acres are taken up, J 0,484 of wliich are under cultivation. This is a well settled township, containing good farms ; much of the land is of excellent quality, but that portion bordering on the lake is poor and mostly Btouey ; and there is considerable pine in the township. In Bastard, 900 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at Ss. per acre. There arc two grist and five saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 30r)8. Ratable property in the township, £33,364. BATHURST. A Township in the Bathurst District ; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Drummond ; on the north-west by Dulhousie ; on the south-west by Sherbrooke ; and on the south-east by Burgess. In Bathurst, 32,635 acres are taken up, 8725 of Avliich are under cultivation. The south branch, and a smaller stream, called the middle branch, of the Mississippi, run through the north-west of the township from south-west to north east ; tliey unite in the north corner of the township. The south branch, soon after its entrance into the township, expands into a small lake. The river Tay, a brancli of the Mis- sissippi, stretches across the south-east border of the township, at the eastern corner of which it is joined by Grant's Creek. The base of the north of the township is principally marble, varying in colour from pure white to dark grey. The south of the township is granite. In the south of the township is an iron mine, the ore of which is said to be very rich. There are some good farms in the township. Three thousand five hundred acres of Crown Lands are open for sale in Bathurst, at 8s. currency, per acre. There are five grist and nine saw mills in the township. Population in 1842,2307. Ratable property in the township, 26,85S. BATHURST DISTRICT. Consists of the counties of Lanark and Renfrew, which are united so far an relates to representation in the Legislative Assembly, and return one member. The Bathurst District is bounded on the north by the Ottawa river, and is also watered by the Mississippi river and lakes, the Madawaska river, and the river Bonne-Chaur; besides numerous small streams scattered over it ; and it is thickly studded with lakes, varying in size. Beds of marble, of various shades of colour, from pure white to dark grey, extend through the townships of Lanark, Dalhousie and North Sherbrooke, and from thence into the Midland District. Fine white 'reestone and limestone are abundant in the district ; and also gra- nite, which however, has not yet been brought into use ; and rich iron ore liis been discovered within a few miles of Perth. Much of the land in the district is of good quality. Timber — a mixture of hardwood and pine. The soLtlers are generally industrious and thriving ; many of them are Scotch. Perth, the district town, is a flourishing place, with many good buildings. Four hundred and eighty thousand two hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the Bathurst district, at 8s. currency, per acre ; to purchase any of wliich, applica- tion must be made to the Crown lands' agent at Perth. Population in 1842, 21,672 ; since Tfhen it has probably incr^j.ised one-fifth. u The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show tL« rato of LnarM«« and improvement in the district : — far ui aember. is also [le river 1 thickly lades of ^.anark, )istrict. |so gra- are lr\s li>tnct Iseitlers 1th. the lundred I in the Ipplica- le-fifth, Date. No. of Acres M I I I 9. Milth Cows. 1 Oxen, 4 years (lid, and Horned Cattle, from 2 to 4 Amount of Ratable Cultivated. Grist. Saw. upwards. years uld. Property. 1842 1843 1844 74228 81999 87809 22 23 21 34 39 43 7241 b.l-21 8541 2748 3036 30(38 35.30 3882 3041 No Return. £263,691 276,063 Government and District Officers in the Bathurst District OFKICK. Judge of District Court, and Judge of Sur- rogate Court Sheriff Clerk of Peace Treasurer Inspector of Licenses Crown Lands' Agent Registrar of County of Lanark Superintendent of Sciiools District Clerk Clerk of District Court, and Deputy Clerk of Crown Warden Coroner RESIDENCB. Perth. Pakenham. Perth. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Number of Common Schools in operation in the District, — Bathurst, twelve ; Beckwith, nine ; Burgess, two ; Dalhousie, six ; Darling, two ; Drummond, sixteen ; North Elinsley, eight ; Horton, three ; Lanark, twelve ; Montague^ nine ; McNab, seven ; Pakenham, four ; Ramsay, twelve ; North Sherbrooke, one ; Bagot, two ; Bromley, two ; Pembroke, one ; Westmeath, two. Total 110. NAMES. John G. Malloch . Andrew Dickson . John MacdonaJd . T. M. Radenhnrst. A. Leslie Do Alex. McMillan . Rev. Mann . Robert MoflFatt .... Chas. S. Sache ... Daniel McMartin Thos. Brooke BAYPTAM. A Township in the London District : is bounded on the east by the townships of Houghton and Middleton ; on the north by Dereham; on the west by Mala- hide ; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Bayham, 40,192 acres are taken up, 7,907 of which are under cultivation. Big Otter Creek enters the township liear its north-east corner, runs south-west to its western border, where it enters the township of Malahide, makes a semicircular bend, and re-enters the town- ship of Bayham, and runs a south-east course till it reaches Lake Erie. This is one of the finest mill streams in Canada, and there is a large quantity of fine pine on its banks. The village of Richmond is situated in Bayham, on Talbot Street. There are three grist and twenty-five saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 2.250. Ratable property in the township, 34,591. BAYFIELD. A Village on Lake Huron, at the entrance of the River Bayfield, twelve miles below Goderich. It was laid out in 1834, by the Baron de Tuylle, who pur- chased the land of the Canada Company. The banks of the river and lake ar« here about sixty or seventy feet high. Bayfield has two taverns. Population about 150. ' i i I 19 BAYFIELD RIVER. Taltcs it« ri«c in the proat swamp iKirtli of tlio Huron Tract, runs throuph the townships of McKillop and Tiick«'rsniilli, dividr's the townships of Godcrich and Stiinh}, and enters Lake Huron twelve miles helow Coderieh, at the village of Bayfield. BE\CII\I!,LE. A Villape in the to-wnship of West Oxford, situated on the east hraneh of the River Thames. T) miles west fiom Woodstock, on (he plank road. It contains nearly ■TH) inhabitants. (Miureiies and chapels, three: viz. Episcopal, Catholic and Methodist. Post Ollice, |)ost eviM'v day. Professions ami Tnuli's. — One prist mill, two saw ditto, cardinp machine and fnllinp mill, distillery, two stores, two taverns, one faiminp mill n uv t. one chair factory, two tanneries, one cabinet maker, two waggon makers, i\\^< shoe- makers, two blacksmiths and two tailors. BEAMSVILLE. A Villape in the township of Clinton, situated on the St. Cnlharine's road, twenty-two miles from Hamilton. Much has been written respeetinp a spring in (he neiphboiuMiood, which is said to freeze over dnrinp the hottest part of the Butmncr, and to thaw in (he winter. When in the ueiphbonrbood durinp the last winter, I was unable to visit (he spo(. but I was iufornied by a pendeman liviup at Bcamsville (and mIio I believe (o be pood authority), (bat he had visited the ])lace tVetpuutly, aiul (hat (here was in reali(y no sprlnij irlintt'ier theri'. He sia(ed. (ha( (be snp])oscd sprinp was si(uated in a cave, in the side of the nn>un(;\iu, (he bo(tom of which is about four fce( below the level of the aroimd ; (hat (be only water in the cave is (ha( depitsitcd by continual drippinps from (he mof above; (ba( he has fre()uen(ly visi(ed (he cave in summer, and has on such occasions dtip linnps of ice ou( tif tlu' crevices in the rocks which form the floor of (he cave. Tha( he has on all such visits fotmd the bottom of tlie cave thickly covered with dead leavtvs (which nms( have been blown in), and which be has bail (o remove before pettinp a( (he ice ; and he supposes the ice to be fornunl durinp the winter, and jireserved (bronph(he summer, as in an ice-ho»ise. Bu( he has never visiti'd the place durinp the winter, to ascertain the fac(. nor docs be know any one who has. This, however, seems a rational explanation of a eireumslance that at tirst ^ iew would appear rather a singular phenomenon. The cave is about two n\iies eas( front (he villape, and about three-tpiarters of a mile fnnn (be road. There arc (brce <'hiirehes and chapels in the villape, viz. Presbyterian, Methodist and Hap(ist, I'ojuilation about 250, Post office, post every day. IWlcssions ami Ttai(UMabie extent of marsli an(i prairie, ■wiiieh altiiontrli useful enou;;!) for prazinj^ eattle, is too liable to produee ague to make it a tit nei:hl)ourhood to si'itle in, partieuiarly for Kuropean emigrants. Hoth branches are navigable for large vessids : the east braneh about nine miles, and the north aboul five miles above the forks, the water ranging in depth from ten to twenty live feet. At the forks is a hole about lV)il} feel in deptli. l^wWKRTON. A ViUage in the township of 'riiorah. on the bank of Lake Sinu'oc, contains ab(mt half a dozen housis. The stiamboat " IJeavi'r" touches here, but cannot approach the shore, the water on the bank being too sluillow. Post OlDce, post twice a- week. T\v.r K\y ITU. A Township in the Halhurst District ; is hounded on the north-enst by the township of (ioulhurn ; on the nortli-wi'st by llamsay ; on the south-west by Drunuuond ; and on the south-east by .Montague. In Heckwith, .'50,671 acres are taken up, SI. "M of which ar*' under cultivation. The Mississippi lake fills up a large portion of the west corner of the township. Just above the lake on the Mississippi river, is a villaiic, called Carletou IMace ; and in the south-ea.st of the township is a village, called I'^ranktown. In the south-west of the town- fihipare fine wliiie freestoiu- (juarries. In luckwith, (llOO acres of Crown lands are for sale. There are (Uie grist mill, one saw do., and two distilleries in the township. Population in 1S42, 1S!)S. li.atable property in the township, jf2r).4in. RKHFOUI). A Township in tlie Midland District ; is hounded on the cast by South Sher- hrookc, aiul North and South ( loshy ; on the north by Oso ; on the west by llinchinbrooke ; and on tiu' south h\ Loughborough and Pittsburg. In Ikdford, 8',i'.)0 acres are taken up, l.'JSH ot" which are under cultivation. A lake in the n irih-east of the township, is called Wolf Lake ; and a nuud)er of lakes, vary- ing in si/e, nu'M ol' which aw coniiei'ied togt ther by means id' small streams, are scattered over the south of the township. Hedlbrd is hut little settled, much of the land being of poor quality ; the timber principally jiine. There are four saw mills in the townshi]). Light thousand acres of i'rowu lands are open for sale in Ht'dlm'd, at S.s-. currency, per acre. Population, T)."!-'. , Ratable property in the fownshi|), X4f)2f). RF.LLAMY, on NOimf AFOrSTA. A Village situated in the east ot the township of North Augusta ; it contains about fifty inhabitants, one store, two taverns, one lushery, one tannery, one blacksmith. — RFLLF HIVFR. Takes it rise in Gosfudd, and loruis the dividing boimdary of the townships of .Maidstone and Rochester, running in nearly a straight line from south to n«)rfh. It i» several feet deep f .r some miles before entering tin- lake. ULLLK POINT. \ small point of land, in the south-west corner of Mersen, jutting out Into Lake Erie. iiHl^ r .1 ^^ ! r u BELLEVILLE. The District Town of the Victoria District, is situated in the south-west corner of the township of Thurlow, on the Bay of Quinto, !)0 miles west from Kingston, It is a bustling, thriving liitlo town, and a place of considerable business. The greater portion of the town lies rather low ; but it possesses many good buil- dings. It was incorporated in 18.3;"), and now contains 2040 inhabitants. The jail and court house is a handsome stone building, and is erected on a rising ground in the rear of the town. There are seven churches and chapels, viz., Episcopal (brick), Catholic (stone), two Presbyterian, three Methodist, (one of ■which is of brick). The Kingston and Toronto stages pass tlirougli t ■ town daily ; and, during the season, a steamboat c;iils daily, on its passage to .aid from Trent and King- ston. These boats stay every night at Picioii. Two weekly newspapers are published here, the " Belleville Intelligencer," and " Victoria Chronicle." There is a fire companj-, with two engines, and a hook and ladder company. Post Office, post every day. The following Government and District olTices are kept in Belleville : — ludge of District Court, Sheritf. Clerk of IVace, Treasurer, Registrar of County of Hastings, Inspector of Licenses, Crown Lands' Agent, Collector of Customs, Inspector of Potash, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court. ProJ'cssic7is and Trades. — Five physicians and surgeons, seven lawyers, two grist mills, one steam saw mill, three water do., three cloth factories, one paper mill, one planing machine, three foundries, two breweries, three tanneries, one ashery, one soap and candle factory, one jiail factory, two axe factories, eighteen dry goods stores, fourteen groceries, seventeen taverns, two surveyors, two auctioneers, one chair factory, three chemists and druggists, two booksellers, two printers, five saddlers, three watchmakers, four waggon nvakers, two livery stables, one furrier, six painters, four hatU'rs, twenty-one tailors, twenty-two shoemakers, eight blacksmiths, one gunsmith, four tinsmiths, six cabinet makers, two confectioners, two barbers. Bank agencies, " Montreal," and " Commercial." Principal tavern, " Mnnro's." In consecpience of the short-sighted policy of some of the merchants in Belle- ville, who refused to allow any account of the produce shi[)j)ed from the place to be published, on the plea, that the exports were so large, that the publication of their amount would immediately cause the town to be inundated with fresh stores, to the loss of the mt icliants already established there, I am unable to give any list of exports from Melleviile, with the exception of potash, the returns of which I obtained from the inspector. Quantity of Potash shipped from BellevilK'. during the year 1844 271 1 brls. Stage fare to Kingston £0 10 Do. to Cobourg 12 6 . BKLMONT. A Township in the Colborne District : is bounded on the east by the township of Marmora ; on the north by Methuen, on the west by Dummer ; and on the south by Seymour. In Belmont, "itiTO acres are taken up, .IC):") of which are under cultivation. This is a poor township, and much of it unfit for cultivation, being rocky. A large lake, with its branches, occupies a considerable portion of the centre and east of the township. In Belmont, 48.'C acres of (,'rown lands are open for sale at 8.s'. currency, per acre. Population, — Ratable property in the township, XI If)!). BENTINCK. A Township in the Wellington District ; is bounded on the ea.«t by the town- ship of Glenelo; ; on the north by Sullivan ; on tiie we^t by wild land } and on 111, -west corner m Kingston, iiness. The y pood buil- itants. The I on a rising ;hapels, viz., dist, (one of and, during t and King- telligenoer," gines, and a lie : — Judge f County of )f Customs, awycrs, tyra s, one paper nncries, one es, eighteen ^'eyors, two booksellers, 1, two livery twenty-two inet makers, jmmercial." its in Belle- the place luhlication with fresh unable to le returns .2711brl9. township tnd on the which are ultivation, portion )wn lands ;he tnwn- and on 15 the south by Normauby. T'ais township has only lately been siirvey«d aod laid out, and no return iias yet been made from it. BEllLIN. A Village in the township of Waterloo, nine miles from Gait ; contains about 400 inhabitants, who are principally (n-rmuns. A newspaper is printed here, called the " German Canadian ;" and there is a Lutheran meeting-house. Post Office, post twice a- week. Proji's.siuns and Trades. — One pliysiciin and surgeon, one lawyer, three stores, one brewery, one printing otiice, two taverns, one pump maker, two blacksmiths. BERTIE. A Township in the Niagara District ; is bounded on the east and north-east by the Niagara river -, on the north by tiie township of Willoughby ; on the west by Huiuberstone ; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Bertie, 33,320 acres are taken up, 12,498 of which ;ire under cultivation. This is an old-settled township. The village of ^Vaterloo, and Eort Erie, are situated in Bertie, oa the Niagara river ; and there are two grist and seven saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 2^18, who are principally Pennsylvanian Dutch, and their descendants. llatable property in the township, i:3('),0()G. BEVERLY. A Village situated in the south-west corner of the township of Bastard : con- tains about sixty inhabitants, grist and saw mill, and carding machine, one store, one tavern. — BEVEULV. A Township in the Gore District ; is bounded on the north-east by the town- ship of Flamboro ; on tlu' north by I'usliiu'h , (m the west by Dumfries ; and on the south l)y Aueaster. In Heverly, o2, !.">'.» acres are taken up, 10,332 of .which are under cultivation. This is a well settled township, possessing fine farms. The land varies in (juality, some j)arts being heavy, with hardwood timber, and others light soi', with pine timber. There are two or three excel- ^,nt mill streams in the township, ou which are one grist and eleven saw mills. Population in 1841, 2084. Ratable property in the township, £07,488. BEXLEY.— (AVf Fknklon.) BIDDIJLPIL A Township in the Huron District ; is bounded on the north and north-east by Ushorn and IMan.shard ; on the west by Stephen and McGillivray ; and on the south-east by London. Bidduljih is laid out in the form of a triangle. A branch of the Sable river runs tlirougli tlie townshi]). |{i(Uhrph contains 40,748 acres, ;23,3()8 of which are leased or sold ; of wliieli 1740 acres are under cultivation. Population, 100'.). Kaiablc property in the township, 4;83.')4. Vlx. BKJ ISLAND.— (>tc SopHi vsniTHGU ) BIMIROOK l>l .> l)Ul»l,M\.. A Township in the Niagara District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Caistor ; on the north by Sulttleet ; on tlie west by (Jlmiford ; and on the south by Seneca. In Binbronk, 17,477 acres are taken up, 03.''>7 of \\\w\\ are under cultivation. Tiiis is a sniail, well-si'ftied township. The Welland river runs through the south of it. There are three saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 712. lltttablc property iu the township, jE23,279. j| " i'l I » If iTlIHIl U ,1"' Ji 4 16 BLANDFORD. A Township in the Brock District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Blenheim ; on the north by Wilrnot ; on the west by Zorra ; and on the south by Oxford. In Blandfbrd, 13,10!) acres are taken up, 2653 of which are under cuhivation. The timber of Blandford is principally pine. In the south of the township, on and about the line between Blandford and Blenheim, are several ponds or small lakes, varying in size fiom TjO to 200 acres, «ind surrounded by considerable swamp. The town of Woodstock is in the south-west corner of the township. Population of Blandford, 73.3 ; who are principally emigrants from Europe. Ratable property in the township, i;iO,2;i4. BLANSIIARD. A Township in the Huron District ; is bounded on the north-cast by Fullarton and Downie; on the north-west by Usborne : on the south-west by Biddulph ; and on the south-east by Nissouri. The north branch of the river Thames runs through this township. Blanshard contains 50,.'iyG acres, 26,4G8 of which are leased or sold ; of which 6iy are uudcr cultivation. There are in the town- ship one grist mill and one saw mill. Population, 972. Ratable property in the township, £7821. BLENHEIM. A Village in the township of Harwich, recently laid out by Colonel Little, on the road leading from Chatham to the Rond'Eau, at the point where it crosses the Talbot road. Distant I'rom Chatham, ten miles ; and from the Rond'Eau, four and a half The situation is healthy, being on a gravelly soil, at an eleva- tion of 117 feet above the level of the lake. It contains a tavern. Village lots are sold at from £o. to £7. 106\ BLENHEIM. A Township in the Brock District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Dumfries ; on the north by Wilmot; on the west by Blandford ; and on the south by Burford. In Blenheim, 35,985 acres are taken up, 10,882 of which are under cultivation. A large sM'anip extends across the township, dividing it into two portions. The laud on the north side of the swamp is good, with hard- \. ood timber ; and on the soutli side the land is poor, timber principally pine. The village of Princeton is situated in the south of the township, near the centre, of the town line between Blenheim and Burford ; and the village of Canning, near the south-east corner. There are one grist and fourteen saw mills in the township. Blenheim contains a mixed population of 1772. Ratable property in the township, i;29,G15. Br0. Magnesia .5,12 Do. Soda 82 Iodide of Sodium ,38 Vegetable Extract ,61 Grains 120,44 OST. HUNlyRED CUIJIC INCnES OF THE GAS FROM THE GAS SPRING, ANA- LYZED, IS AS FOLLOWS: Light Carburetted Hydrogen . . 82,90 Nitrogen 6,00 Oxygen 1,56 Sulphuretted Hydrogen 4,00 Carbonic Acid 5,.54 Cubic inches... 100,00 Do. Magnesium 1,6.'J Do. Potassium ,55 Sulphate of Lime 1,47 Carbonate of Lime 2,40 Do. Magnesia 2,50 Do. Soda 1,00 Do. Iron ,03 Iodide of Sodium ,35 Resin, a vegetable extract ,52 Grains 100,20 f Carbonic Acid. Gases, ■< Sulphuretted Hydrogen. CKitrogen. TNTERHITTENT SPRING. Sp. Gr. 1,0092. In Imperial Pint Grains, 123,04 Carbonate of Magnesia 7,437 Carbonate of Linu' 2,975 Sulphate of Lime 1,788 Chloride of Sodium 98,925 Chloride of Magnesium 11 ,9 1 6 Iodide of Sodium, 3 in ii gall. Bromide of Sodium, 1,7 iu do. WIIITE-SULPlirR SPRING. — ONE QUART OF WATER. Chloride of Sodium 60,42 Do. Magnesium ,64 Sulphate of Lime ,68 Carbonate of Lime 82 Do. Magnesia 3,60 Iodide Vegetable Extract, &c ,30 Grains 66,46 Grains 123,04 Cases, Light Carburetted Hydrogen, (-arbonic Acid (Jas. Sulphuretted Hydrogen. f Carbonic Acid ... 3,20 Gases, ^Sulphuretted Hy ( drogea 6,14 Cubic inches... 9,34 CALEDONIA. A Township in tl>e Ottawa District ; is bounded on the easf and south-east by the townships of Hawkesburj West and Kenyou ; on the north by Ix)Ogueil; .^11^ 27 and on the north-west by Alfred and Planta^enet. In Caledonia 8111 aor«s are taken up, 1594 of which are under cultivation. This township is as yet but little settled. It is principally known and visited for its Mineral Springs, the water of which is bottled and exported under tlie name of " Caledonia Water." 18,481 acres of Crown I^ands are open for sale in Caledonia at 8s. currency per acre. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. PopuUition, 714. Ratable property in the to\Tnship, X7,087. CALEDONIA. A flourishing Village on the banks of tlie Grand River, twenty miles from Brantford, fourteen from Hamilton, and twenty-three from Port Dover ; prin- cipally situated in the township of Seneca, with a small portion on the opposite side of the river, in the township of Oneida. The two portions of the village are connected by means of a handsome swing bridge across the river, Cale- donia was laid out as a village by the Crown, about two years since, and the village of Seneca was included in the town plot. The plank road from Hamilton to Port Dover passes through the village. Stages run daily to Hamilton and Port Dover, and a mail runs three times a week to Dunnville, and from thence to St. Catharines. A settlement, called " Little Caledonia," (where is a grist mill, and saw mill with two saws), is situated about a quarter of a mile distant. Population, including Little Caledonia, about 300. Post Office Cin Oneida), post daily. Professions anil Trades. — One physician and surgeon, five stores, three taverns, two groceries, one saddler, two wairgon makers, two cabinet makers, three blacksmiths, three shoemakers, three tailors, two bakers. CALEDON. A Township in tlie Home District ; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Albion ; on the north by Mono ; on the north-west and south-west by Garafraxa and Erin ; and on the south-east by Cliinguacousy. In Caledon 43,G61 acres are taken up, •»,."507 of which are under cuUivation. The north of the township is hilly and broken, with a considerable quantity of pine ; in the south the land is miu'li better, and the timber principally hardwood. There are some good farms in the township. There are three grist-mills and one saw-mill in the township. Four hundred acres of Crown lands arc open for sale in Caledon, at 8,v. c'y per acre. Population in \x\l, 1920. llatuble property in the township, .£2.'),r>87. OAMBRIDCE. A Township in the Ottawa District ; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Plantagenet ; on the north-west by CInrence ; on the south-west by Uussell ; and on the south-east by Finch. In (Jambridiro '2878 acres are taken up, 161 of which are under cultivation. The " Petite Nation" River runs through the centre of the township from south to north. Cambridge is as yet but little settled, an i 10,800 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the town- ship at 8v. currency per acre. There is one saw-mill in the township. Population in 1842, 108. Ratable property in the township, i;9f)3. CAMDEN. A Townsliip in the Western District ; is bound'^d on the north-east by the township of Zoue ; on the north by Zone and Dawn; on the south-west by Chatham ; and on the south by the River Thames. In Camden fi.lOO acres are taken up, 129.") of which are under cultivation. This is a small township, con- taining excellent laud, and it is becoming settled fast. A good road has been i I 29 I! "1 1*;! 'i 1 made through the township, from the Western Road to Bear Creek, one grist mill and one saw mill in Camden. Population, 316. Ratable property in the township, £4029. There ii CAMDEN i: AST. A Townsliip in the IMidhind District ; is bounded on the east by Portland ; on the nortli by Sliclfield ; on tho west by Uicliniond ; and on the south by Ernestown and a small portion of Frodcrioksburg. In Camden 70,207 acres are taken up, 19,248 of which are under cultivation. A lake, called Mud Lake, is situated a little east of the centre of the township ; and one, called Vardy Lake, in the south-cast corner. A mill stream runs througii the south of the township, on which are several grist and saw mills. There is a quarry of fine marble near the centre of the townsliij). Camden is well settled, and contains some good farms. Tlie land varies in ijuality. Timber — hardwood, in; 'rniixed with pine. The village of Newbnrgh is situated in tl e south-west of the town- ship ; and Clark's Mills a little .south of the centre of the township, 'i here is a PresV)yterian Church a little west of Newbnrgh. There are four grist and fourteen saw mills in the township. Six hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Camden, at 8,v. currency per acre. Population, 4788. Ratable properly in the township, XTjO.IO.j. CANASTOCA RIVER. A branch of the Grand River ; takes its rise in the lands west of Wellesley and Peel, runs through the south-west coriu'r of Peel, and the north-east corner of Wellesley, and joins the Grand River in the south-east of Woolwich. CANARDS RIVER. A Stream ; different branches of which take their rise in the townships of Sandwich and Colchester ; it runs through the township of Anderdon into the Detroit River. In Anderdon. a branch of it unites with a creek, which then runs through the township of Maiden into Lake Erie. CANBORO'. A Township in the Niagara District ; is bounded on the east hy the township of Moulton ; on the north by Caistor and a small jjortion of (iainsborough ; on the west by Seneca and Cayuga ; and on the south by the (Jrand River. In Canhoro' 1.').804 acres are taken up. .1870 of which are under cultivation. The land on the banks of the river is generally rolling. Timber principally hardwood, amongst which is fine white oak of a large size. A branch of the Welland River flows through the north of the township. There is one grist mill in the township. Population in 1841, 063. Ratable property in the township, XI 1,4.10. CANBORO'. A small village in about the centre of the township of Canhoro'. seven miles from Dunnville. It contains about 100 inhabitants, two churches (.Methodist and Baptist). Post OHice, post twice a-week. One saw mill, tannery, two •tores, one tavern, one shoemaker, one blacksmith. CANNING. A small Village in the south-east cornerof the town<;hipof Blenheim, situated on Smith's Creek. It contains about 120 inhabitants, grist mill, saw mill, tannery, one sUtre, and one blacksmith. ^ . n- 29 CARLETON. COUNTY OF. —(.Sec DAi.noi:siF,.) C.\l?ir\l)()(\ A Township in tlie London District ; is boiindorl on the north-east by the townsliip of Lohi) ; on > le north-west hj- Adoiitide ; on tlie south-west by Kkfrid ; and on the south-east by tlx- Iliver 'J'hanies. Fn (\iradoe. l'!)..M>!) acres are taken tip, 'jiti;.) of whieii are Uiider eultivLiiioii. TIk' hind of tiiis township is creneraliy i>i)od. 'J'iinbv'r priiK'i|rilly JKinhvood Tlie east braneh of Hear Creeiv runs throiiixli the nortii of tlie t(Avnsliip. 'J'he Indian villaij;e of Munsey- towa is in Carradoc, on the Thames, eiiiht miles below Delaware. Tliere i» one Grrist mill and one distillery in the township. Population in 184-J, 97:2. Ratable property in the township, £ir>,4n:l. C\]\T\\\UGUT. A Township in the NewoasMe District ; is lionnded on the oast by the town- ship of Manver.s ; on the nortli by .Mariposa ; on the west by Reach ; and on the south by Darlinjiton. In (\irtwrif;lit 10,128 acres are taken up, 171.'$ of •which are under cultivation. The ScnLrot India do IjI 7,4.Jel lbs Hides I'M) Furs uud Skins 2,0ii.'J 3 9 10 6 IG 10 17 13 9 6 8 5 6 i) 3 3 Total value of exports from Chatham i:ij,4J0 7 CIlAl'lIAM. A Township in the County of Kent ; is boundid on the north by Sombra and Dawn ; on the south-west bj- the townslii)) of Dover ; on the south-east by the River Thames ; and on the north-east by Camden. Hear Creek runs through the north-east eorner of the township. Chatham eontains 17,1 19 acres, of which 3749 are under cultivation. The Canada Company possess 3400 acrea in the township. Soil —fertile. 'J'ii,.ber — maple, black walnut, elm, oak, beech, &c. Chatham is gettinjr well setllei. About a mile back from the river is a considerable Scotch settlement. Population, 799. Ratable property in the township, i.'11.99G. CHINCJUACOIISY. A Township in the Home District ; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Caledon and the Gore of Toronto ; on the north-west by Caledon ; on the south-west by i'.xiuesing ; and on the south-east by Toronto township. In Chinguacousy 74,977 acres are taken up, 2(),2()('i of wiiich are under cultiva- tion. This is on ' of the best settled townships in the Home District, containing excellent land, and many good farms. 'J"he tlnd)er is principally hardwood, with a small portion of pine intermixed : the land mostly rolling. The River Credit runs through the south and west of the township, and the Etobicoke River through the east and centre. Excellent wheat is grown in this and the adjoining townships. Tinre are one grist and seven saw mills in Chinguacousy. Population in ls42, 39(i,'). Ratable property in the township, £.">9,9,')2. CHIPICAN EAKE. A small Lake in the township ot Sarnia, about six acres in extent ; twomiieg north of Port Sarnia. It is separated from Lake Huron by a ridge of high laud. CIHPPEWA. A large Village, situated partly in the town>hip of Willonghby, and partly in Stamtord ; the two jxirtions b.inn' divided by the (.'hippewa, or NVelland River. That portion of the village ^iluatid in Stamford was laid cmt in 1816, And the portion in Wiltougliby al cut ten years since. Chippewa derivei it» 33 jfit-atcst importance from its advantageous situation for ship building for the upper lalvLs; the mouth of the Welland River being a short distance above the llapids of the Niagara River. The Niagara Harbour and Dock Company have a Siiipyard here ; many vessels have been built here, and a fine steamboat of 8(J(t tons is now on the stocks, intended to be ready for service during the present season. During the season, a, steamboat runs from (Chippewa to Biitialo ; and the Canadian line of Stages from iiulFalo to Detroit passes through the vilhiire. Churches and chapels, 3 ; viz.. Episcopal. Presbyterian and Metho- dist. Tiiere are also barracks, with a company of Rifles.. Popuhition, about 1000. Post Office, post daily. Pi-'ifcssijiisund Tnitlcs. — Shipyard, one steam grist mill, one steam saw mill, two pliysicians and surgeons, three distilleries, two tanneries, iron and brass foundry, tin and sheet iron foundry, seven stores, six taverns, one druggist, six groceries, t\vo waggon makers, four blacksmiths, one hatter, two iaddlcrs, fiair tailors, two bakers, five shoemakers, two cabinet makers, one gunsmith. One Bank agency, "' Upper Canada." Frincipal Taverns, — " Steamboat Hotel," and " National."' CHURCHVIILE. A Village in the township of Toronto; four and a half miles from Streetsville, and eleven and a half from Dtmdas Street; situated on the River Credit. Con- tains about loO Inhal)itants, and a Methodist chapel. Post Oiliee, i)OSt twice a-week. List (>/ I'rofes.sioiis and Truilcs. — One grist and two saw mills, one tannery, one distillery, one tavern, two stores, two waggon makers, two blacksmiths, one tailor, one cabinet-maker, one shoemaker. CLAREMONT. A village in the township of IJurford; situated on the plank road, about nine Uiiles from Hrantford. It contains about 130 inhabitants, and a church free to 11 il denominations. Post Office, [)ost every day. I'ritf: ssioiis (iml Tidik's. — One physician and surgeon, two rtores, one tavern, one cabinet maker, one waggon maker, two blacksmiths, one tailor, one shoe- nuiker. CLARENCE. A Township in tlie Ottawa District : is bounded on the north-east by the townshii) of IMantagenet, on the north by the Ottawa Hiver, on the south-west liy Cnniboriaud. and on the south-east by Cambridge. In Clarence 4,('iS:2 acres are taken up, 7.14 of which are under cultivati(m. A branch of the " Petite Nation "' Ri\er runs through the south of the township. Clarence is but little Settled, and there are 21,(;3l acres of Crown lands for sale in the township, at N«. c'y per acn*. Population 200, Ratable property in the township, £.2Sr2\. CLARKSVILLE. A Village in the township of Canulen, situated on the Napanee River, two miles above Newburgh. It contains about -JOO inhabitants, who have an Ki)is(o- |):il Church, grist and saw mill, carding machine and clotli factory, one store, one tavern. CLARKE, VILLA(JE OF.-(SccNkwton.) CLAUKE. A township in tlie Newcastle District: is bounded on the cast by the town- 4)ip of llojie; on the north by Muuvers; on the Mcsiby Darlington; and on the r- 1'^ i ;i I Hi: 84 south by Lake Ontario. In Clarke 4*^,449 acres are taken up, 19,000 of -which are under cultivation. The villages of Newcastle and Newton are situated in the south of the township, on the Eastern Road; the village of Bond Head on the lake shore ; and a small settlement called " Orono," about five miles north of Newcastle. This is an old settled township, containing good farms, many of ■which are rented out, the average rent being $2, per acre. The land near the coast is rather poor and stony, but it improves as you go back ; it is rather hillj' in parts. Excellent wheat is grown in this and the adjoining townships. There are two grist and thirteen saw mills in the township. Four hundred acres of ('rown lands are open for sale in Clarke, at 8s. c'y per acre. ropulation in 1842, 2,832. Ratable property in the township, £47,970. CLINTON. A township in the Niagara District: is bounded on the east by the township of Louth ; on the north by Lake Ontario; on the West by Grimsby; and on tht? south by Gainsborough. In Clinton 2.3,378 acres are taken up, 10,60.') of winch are under cultivation. This is an old settled township, containing many good farms. There are one grist and six saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 2,122. Katable property in the township, £37,352. X COBOURG. The District Town of the Newcastle District, in the township of Hamihon; is pleasantly situated on a gently rising ground, on the bank of Lake Ontario, 103 miles from Kingston, and 72 miles from Toronto. The town is incorporated, and the corporation limits extend for nearly two miles from the centre of tlie town, (^obourg is situated on a gravelly soil, and it is consequently dry, clean and healthy. The town is well laid out, possesses gocKl streets, and many excel- lent buildings, and has a very flourishing appearance. A harbour has been constructed at an expense of £10,381. 6.v. 3^/., and a light-house erected at the end of the pier. Excellent planked side-walks extend in every direction for a distance of from one to two miles. During the season, steamboats call daily on their passages to and from Kingston, Toronto, and Rochester (United States); and a stage leaves daily for Rice Lake, where it is met by the steamboat Forester, which con- veys passengers to Peterborough ; and the Toronto and Kingston stages pass through the town every day. During the winter, a stage leaves daily for Peter- borough. A fair is held here on the second Tuesdays in April and October. The merchants have established amongst themselves a " Board of Trade," for the purpose of regulating the commercial afiairs of the place; they have a news- room, where several papers are taken. There is also a Mechanics' Institute. Three newspapers are published here, viz., the "Church," " Cobourg Star,'' and "Canada Christian Advocate." Churches and Chapels six, viz., Episcopal, Presbyterian, Catholic, Congregational. Methodist, and Christian. In the Epis- copal church is a very good organ. Tlie Jail and Court Mon«e is a handsome stone building, situated about a mile and a-half from the tow n, on the Toronto road. Victoria College was founded by the Wesleyan Conference; the institution was chartered in 1835, as an Academy, and by Act of Parliament, in 1842, was constituted a College, with power to confer degrees in the several arts and sciences — (the only degree yet conferred has been one in literature); it is sup- ported partly by a legislative grant of £500 per annum, and partly by tuition fees. The building is handsome, and well situated, and cost nearly £10,000; it contains Library, Reading Room, Chapel, Laboratory, Lecture Rooms, &c. &c. Although the institution was founded by the Metliodists, there is nothing Rec- tariau iu its character. The following periodicals are received at the Reading ^ ^.^>" 85 Room, which are liberally forwarded by their several editors, the College being merely at the expense of postage: Church, Cobourg; British Colonist, Toronto; Hritisli Canadian, do.; Banner (Presbyterian), do.; Kingston News; Montreal Gazette; Wilhner and Smith's European Times; Pilot, Montreal; Hamilton Gazette; Hamilton Journal and Express; Canada Gazette; Kincrston Herald; Port Hope Gazette ; Cornwall Observer ; Brockville Recorder ; Niagara Chro- nicle; Belleville Intelligencer; Prince Edward Gazette; Woodstock Herald; British American Cultivator; Canada Christian Advocate (Episcopal Metho- dist); Peterboro Chronicle; Christian Guardian, Toronto; Methodist Quarterly Review, New York; Anglo American, do.; Spectator, do.; Literary Garland. Montreal; Albion, New York; New Orleans Picayune; Christian Advocate and Journal, New York; Southern Christian Advocate, Charleston; Episcopal Recorder, Philadelphiiu The boarders at the College at present number about thirty-five, and the day pupils about twenty. A large cloth factory has been lately erected, for the manufacture of coarse cloth, tweeds, cassinett, blankets, flannels, &c.; when in full operation it will employ nearly 200 hands, and will be capable of turning out SM yards of cloth per day. The building is of brick, and is five stories high, including basement. The following government and district offices are kept in Cobourg: Judge of District Court, Sheriff, Treasurer, Inspector of Licenses, Collector of Customs. Registrar of County of Northumberland, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court, The office of the Clerk of the Peace is kept at Port Hope. Post Office, post every day. Population, .'3,.'547. Pnifessions and Tiades-^S'ix physicians and surgeons, seven lawyers, one steam grist-mill, two water do., two saw-mills, one cloth factory, one brewery, three distilleries, one ashery, one soap and candle factory, three tanneries, two foundries, twenty dry-goods stores, ten groceries, two hardware stores, twelve taverns, two druggists, three printers, three booksellers, two surveyors, fi\-e waggon makers, one hatter, two livery stables, one veterinary surgeon, t^vo Match makers, three tinsmiths, five cabinet makers, ten tailors, two saddlers, four bakers and confecticmers, eleven blacksmiths, one marble worker, one pail factory, four planing machines, one machine maker, fourteen shoemakers, three merchant tailors, two barbers, four butchers, three schools for boys, three ladies seminaries, two bank agencies — '* Commercial," and " Montreal." I'riiici/xil Taverns. — " North American," and "Globe." Land Agent, S. Armour. Stage fare to Peterborough during winter, ten shillings c'y.; stage and steam- boat fare to do. during summer, seven shillings and six-pence. EXPORTS FROM COBOURG DURING 1844, AND THEIB ESTIMATED VALUE. Kstimated value. Quantity. nescriptlon 4y barrels Ashes.... I 37 24;!^ 3a 656 7 Meal Pork Peas 427 kegs Butter aos.") cwt Bran 44 m. ft Lumber 10 m Staves, W. I .^m " Standard. 12 bundles Shingles £ 24.') Beef. 11 Pot Barley 37 Flour 22884 Liquors 426 2 10 31 1640 7 640 10 208 10 66 45 105 3 6 e2 £26,353 10 6 v< I : )-;i! i:^ ' ■>' )!' lii I i ! < 1 f n i':l) 11 '!! 36 COLBORNE DISTRICT. Consists of the county of Peterhoro', wliioh returns a memher to the House of Assembly, and comprises the foilo-wing townships: Asi^hoilel, IJelniont, Bur- leigh, Bexley, Dummer, Douro, Ennisniore, Emily, Eidon, Fenelon, Harvey, Methuen, Mariposa, Otonabee, Ops, Smith, Somerviile, \'erulam, and North Monaghan. This District is situated to the north of the Newcastle District ; and has a chain of lakes running tlirougli the north and east of it, called Balsam Lake, Sturgeon Lake, Pigeon Lake, Shemong Lake, and Trout Lake ; and the townships of Otonabee and Asphodel are bounded cm the south by Rice Lake and River Trent, It is besides, watered by the Otonabee River, the Scugog River, and numerous small streams scattered over it ; most of which discluirge themselves into tlie lakes. IMuch of the timber on the lakes and rivers is pine, and a great trade is carried on in lumber; immense (puiutities of which are curried down the River Trent. The district is getting well settled, and land in the neighbourhood of Peterhoro', the district town, is becoming valuable. Two hundred and sixty -four tliousand nine hundred and t^;enty-eight acres of Crow n lands are open for sale in the Colborne District, at 8s. currency per acre ; to purcliase any of -which, application must be made to the Crown lands' agent. at Peterbc.ro'. Population in 1842, 13,706 ; since when it has probably increased one-fifth. Tlie following abstract from the Assessment Rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the dis rict: — Date. No. of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Milch Cows. Oxen, 4 yours old, and ui)wiirds. Horned Cattle, from 'i to -1 years old. Amount of Hatable Grist. Siiw. Property. 1842 1843 1844 48910 53340 58492 14 13 15 17 24 20 4756 4911 5214 2789 ."U07 2947 2204 2575 2550 XI. 59.003 17;»,.33l 180,245 Government and District Ojj:ccrs in the District : on ICK. NAMKS. Judge of the District Court and Surro2;ate Court B. T. McKvos. Sheritf W. S. Conger. Registrar Cliaries Rubidge. Treasurer and Crown Lands* Agvnt Frederick Fergiison. Clerk of the Pence and Deputy Clerk of the Crown.. 'NV. H. Wrighton. Clerk of the District Coiu-t and Registrar of the Sur- rogate Court Tlios. Fortye. Inspector of Licenses Tlios. Milburn. District Superintendent of Schools Elias i4ini!ii\m. Di trict Clerk , "\\alter Sheridan. Curoiiers of the CoJhurne District : NAMKS. RK.SinKNCE. John Hutehi-on Peterhoro'. John a. Benson Smith. Samuel Strickland Dcuro. Christopher Knowlson Emily. Francis Henderson D<». John McNabb Peterhoro'. yo. of Common Schools in openitlon in the O'lhnrne District. — Asphodel, nine; Douro, four; Dummer, three; Emily, twelve; Eunismore, one; Feneion, one; 1 " I 37 Mariposa, seven; North Monajrhan, four; Ops, eight; Smith, thirteen ; Veru- 1am, one; Otonabee, nine. Total, seventy- two. COLBORNE. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north by Ashfield and Wawanosh; on the west by Lake Huron; on the south by the Riter M;iit- land; and on the east by the township of Hullett. The land, for from two to three miles back from the lake, and for half a mile on each side of the river, is poor; the soil of the rest of the township is good. Colborne contains 35,460 acres, 13,188 of which are leased or sold; of which 1558 are under cultivation. There are in the township five saw mills, on creeks running into the River Waitland, and Lake Huron; and one distillery. Population, 505. Ratable property in the township, £5831 2s. COLBORNE HARBOUR. A small Settlement on Lake Ontario, in the townslilp of Cramahc, at the mouth of a snuiU creek; it contains a grist and saw mill, carding machine and cloth factory, plaster mill, (the plaster being imported from the United States) and a burr mill stone factory. COLBORNE. A Village in the townships of Cramahe and Murray; the town line running through the village; situated on the eastern road, sixteen miles east from Co- bourg, and one mile and a half north of Lake Ontario. A portion of the village called East Colborne, is built about three (juarters of a mile to the east. Popu- lation of both portions, about 400. Churches and chapels, tliree; viz.. Episcopal, (.'hurch of Scotland, and Methodist. I'nifcssw7is cvid Tradvu. — One physician and surgeon, one lawyer, one dis- tillery, one ashery, one foundry, six stores, two taverns, one chair and blind factory, one pottery, two saddlers, one waggon maker, four blacksmiths, three ;, ibinet makers, one fanning mill maker. COLCHESTER. A Township in the county of Essex; bounded on the north by the townships of Maidstone and SandM'ich; on the west by Anderdon and Maiden; on tlie south by Lake Erie; and on the east by Gosfield. It contains 21,530 acres, of Avliich 5124 are under cultivation. About half the township is wc^ land, and requires considerable draining; the remainder is mostly good hiid. Timber, maple, beech, elm, oak. black walnut, butternut, chestnut, ^:c. A large quantity of iron ore is found in the south of the township, abcit three miles from the lake, which is taken to the furnace in Gosfield. A lai ■_' 'jiarsli in the north of the township, called Hog Marsh, empties itself into the f the township is not of very good quality; that in the south is better. Timber, principally hardwood. There are three grist and sixteen saw mills, and one disiillery in the township. Population in 1842, 3,200. Ratable property in the township, £i5,68l. im\ t I I ri. P\H' y. i ll!^ 4Xi • • . CREDIT, RIVER. ' Takes its rise among the mountains of Caledon ; mhkes its waj' thrdugli the townships of Chinguacousy, Esquesing, and Toronto, and enters Lake Ontario at the village of Port Credit; making many curves, and receiving several small streams in its course. This river has long heen celebrated for its salmon fishing, inmiense quantities having been annually taken, in the spring, during their pas- sage up the stream to deposit their spawn. But, from the great number of mills which have been erected on the river during the last four years, the fishing is destroyed, the salmon being unable to make their way over the dams. Immense quantities of lumber are sawn at the mills on the river, and shipped at Port Credit. Some ol the scenery on the banks of the river is very boautiful. CRIPP'S MILLS.— (.^te Eramosa). CROSBY, NORTH. A Township in the Johnstown District; is bounded on the nortli-east by the township of North l?urgess; on the north-west by South Slierbrooke; on tlie south-wjst by Ik'dford; and im the south-east l)y South Crosby. In North Crosby 10,7'i.'5 acres are taken up, 1,9.59 of which are under cultivation. Tiiis township is not nnich settled; some of the land is good, but a considerable por- tion is juMir and stouey. One hundred and seventy-five acres of Crown lands are open for sale in North Crosby, at 8.v. currency per acre. There are oue grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, Sfi.'l. Ratable property iu the township, £7822. CROSBY, SOUTH. A Township in the Johnstown District; is bounded on the north-ea«t by the township of Bastard, on tiie north-west by North Crosby; nu the south-wist by Bedford and Pittsburg. In South Crosby 17,279 neres iire taUcii up. :\,f-'.)-2 of Mliieh are under cultivation. A considerable portion of the centre and north of the township is taken up by a large lake called Mud liuke, throuirh which the Rideau Canal passes. Much of the land in this township is poor and stoiiey. A large proportion of the timber in the townshi|) is |)iiu'. One hundred acres of t.'rown lands are open for sale in South Crosby, at 8*. currency per acre. There are two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 1, ()().'}. Ratable property in the township, 4;il,.')7(>. CROWLAND. A Township in the Niagara District; is bounded on the i-ast 1)y tlie township of Willoughby ; on the north by Thorold and Stamford; on tho west by \Nain- fleet; ami on the South by Ilinnberstone. In ('ruwlainl l,'),22(t ai res are taken up. ('>,(>70 of which are under cultivation. This is a small township; it is jiretty veil settled. 'I'here are two grist and tMo saw miiis in the tovMiship. I'opulation in 1841, 97.'); .ho are principally Canadians, with u few Irish, Scotch and English. Ratable property in the township, i' 18.864. CCMBERLAND. A Township in the Ottawa District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Clarence; on the north-west by the Ottawa River; on the south- west by (jloucester; and on the south-east by Biissell. In Cumberland l(i.ti:)4 nerun are taken up, l.fiH) of wliicli are under enlfivation. A branch of tlie " Petite Nation " River nms through the township. There is one saw mill in 41 the township. Cumberland is not much sett'od, and there are 14,081 acres of Crown lands for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. Populetion in 1842, 713. Ratable property in the township, £5,895. DALTIOUSIE DISTRICT. Consists of the County of Carletoii, which returns a member to the House of Assembly; and comprises the townships of Fitzroy, Gouibouni, North Gower. Gloucester, Huntley, March, Marlborougli, Nepean, Osgoorle, and Torbolton. This district, M'hich is bounded on the north by the Ottawa Hiver, is also watered by the Mississippi, the Rideiiu, and the Petite Nation Hivtrs, The Dalhousie District, being more dependant ujum the lumber trade, tiian upon ajrricultural pursuits, advances Int slowly. Much of the hind in this district is of ratiier poor quality, being stnuey and rocky. Tlu re is, howt-ver, a sufficient (piantity that is fit for agricultural piu'poses. The larger portion of tlie inhabi- tants being engaged in preparing timber for the Quebec market, agriculture is neglected, and the consetiuence is, that provisions are dearer in IJytowti tlian in any other town in Canada West. The itideau Canal passes throiigli the district (For the quantity of lumber brought down the Ottawa, sec livTowN.) Sixty thousand six hundred and eighty-four acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the Dalhousie District; to purchase any of which. ap]>lieiition nuist be made to tiie Crown Lands' Agent, at New F,dinl)urgh, near Hytown. Population of the district in 1842, 19,612; sincewhen it has probably increased one-tilth. Tlie following abstract from the Assessment Rolls will show the rate of increase, and improvement in the district : — Date. No of Acr.'s CuUiviitud. MILLS. Milcli Cows. Oxen, 4 yi'.irs 1)1(1 and ujiwarils. llonn (1 C.ittle, I'r'ii'i 'i to ■» joiiTii old Amcjiint nt l{.lMt)lo Grist. .Saw. I't'tH'tty. 1S42 1^43 1844 42357 47567 44146 8 4 5 14 14 16 471S 52UH I'JCS i;ji7 1-21 i(;:)4 X1I17.SI6 1S',(.S<)2 166,210 Gui'crnment atid lUstrict Ojffirtrs iti the Di.^itricl : OFFU'R. NAMKS. ni.SlDDNXE. Judge of District Court Christ'r Arm.strong Tlytown. .lii'lgc of Surrogate Court Do. Sheriff '. Kdward MiiUoch ... Do. Clerk of Peace F. C. PowiU (since resignefl) Do. Trea.>urer D. O'Connor l>o. Inspictor of Licenses Arch. Me!>iinell ... Osyoodi'. Clerk of District Court 11. Millings H^iuwa. lleu'istrar of Surrogate Court Do. District Clerk (J. P. Riker Do. Crown Laiuls' Agent John Dtirie New F.dinhurgh. Warden Hon. T. McKay ... Do. Conmers r J. Stewart llytown. J Jolin Hifrhey Do. i W. Smyth Gloucester. (^ ThouHis Sproule ... Goulbouru. In consequence of the iibsenee of the Superintendent, I was unable to obtain any uccoiuit of the schools iu this district. ! V f:\ 4Q I i\ ' i J. (■■ ! DALHOUSIE. A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Lanark; on the north-west by Levant; on the south-west by Sherbrooke; and on the south-east by Bathurst. In Dalhousie 23,44U acres* are taken up, 8,112* of which are under cultivation. Two small branches of the River Clyde stretch across the north of the township, and the north branch of the Mississippi runs through the south of the townsliip from west to east. At its entrance into the township it expands into a lake, containing about 1,200 acres, and its course is very tortuous and irregular. Several small lakes are scattered over the township. The base of a large portion of the north and e;ist of the township is marble of different shades of colour, varying from pure white to dark grey. In Dalliousie 17,200 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, 8t 8.V. c"y per acre. In the township are one grist and two saw mills. Population in 1842, 1,258. Ratable property in the township, *£ 17,001. * These include the township of Levant, no separate assessment having been made. DARLING. A Township in the Bathurst District ; is bounded on the north-east by the townsliip of Fakenham ; on the north-west by Bagot ; on the south-west by Levant; and on the south-east by Lanark. In Darling 5,0'.t4 acres are taken up, 1,2.')7 of which are under cultivation. The River (-'lyde runs through the south of the township from west to east ; and a large lake called Wabalae, or White Lake, stretches across the north corner of the township ; and a nuntber of smaller lakes are scattered over the township. Darling is as yet but little •ettled, and in 1842 ctmtained cmly 271 inhabitants. Thirty-four thousand eight hundred acres of Crown lands are open tor sale in Darling, at 8.v. c'y per acre. Ratable property in the township, 4;.'?,088. DARLINGTON, PORT. A Shipping Place on Lake Ontario, one mile and a half from the village of BoAvnumville ; it contains a few houses, storeiiouses for storing produce, and a taveJ'u. Exports from Port IJcrhtKjton duriiiy 1844: Lumber ". ." 254,000 Feet. Flour G,'.»27 Barrels. Oatmeal 20;J „ Whivkey 102 „ Pork...' If) „ Corn Meal 12 „ Potasli 11 „ Ashes 14.*} „ Butter 21 Potatoes 102 Bushels. Wheat 2,;}00 „ DABLlNtJTON. A Townsbi]) in the Newcastle District ; is bounded on the east by the town- Rlii|i of i'larki'; on the north by Cart wright; on the west by Whitby; and on ilK' south by l^iike Ontario. In Diirlington 55,205 acres are taken up, n),.'lti4 (ifwhieh are Ui.der cultivation. The township is well watered by mimenniH small streams rumiing into the lake. The village of ilowmaiiville is situated in till' -oiuh-east i<)rner of the township ou the ea.sterii road. This is an old, well-MttkJ township, ct>nfaininggooil farin.s, iiiaiiy of which are rented out, the arverage rent Ik iiig about •'i<2. per acre. The laiul is of go(Ml average (piality, mucii of it rolling ; timber mostly hardwood. There are six grist and nine saw Vti 43 mills, and one distillery in the township. Two hundred acres of Crown lands ai-e open for sale in Darlington at 8s. c'y per acre. Population in 1842, 3,500. Ratable property in the township £51,124. DAWN. A township in the Western Dist''ict ; is bounded on the east by the township of Zone, on the north by Enniskillen, on the west by Sonibra, and on the south by Cliathani and Camden west. In Dawn 1(),;J39 acres are taken up, 3,32^ of which are under cultivation. This is a fine township, containing excellent land , the soil is generally rich, and the timber the best kinds of hardwood — maple, black walnut, beech, elm, white oak, &c. Bear Creek runs through tlie south of the townshi|), from east to west ; it is navigable as far as the new settlement of Dresden, and from the immense quantities of white oak on its banks, a profitable trade is carried on in staves, large numbers of which are annually exported. The land in the west of the township is rather tlat and low, but as you proceed up the creek it becomes more rolling. The settlement of Dawn, or Taylor's Mills, is situated in the east of the township, on Bear Creek ; and there is also a settlement of coloured persons on the river, situated about ten miles above the forks. They number about fifty families, and have 300 acres of land. The settlement commenced about three years since, and they have now sixty acres cleared and under cultivation, twenty more partially deared, and they are clearing more fast ; they appear to be very industrious. They have a school room (used as a chapel on Sundays), which is usually attended by about sixty pupils, half only of whom are children, and three teachers, one male and two female. There is an ashery in the township. TheiX' are some good farms in the Township. Population J)40. llatiible property in the township, £10,898. Kupui ts fhtin Hdirii ditrimi the i/cur 1844, with their estimated value : 125 M. West India "Staves £437 10 17 M. Butt Staves 1<»1 5 1000 Bushels of Wheat 187 10 82,500 Feet Walnut Lumber 97 10 50 Barrels Pot and Pearl Ash 250 DAWN MILLS. A Settlement in the township of Dawn ; sitmited on the east branch of Bear Creek, fifteen miles from the forks, and five miles from the western road. It is a pleasant, healthy situation ; and a goinl road has been nuiie store, one tavern, one blacksmith. DKLAWARF. A Township in the London District, is bounded on the east by the township of Wc^'tminster; on the north and west by the River Thanu-s, and on the south by S)utlnvol(l. In Delaware 10,033 acres are taken up, 1,75() of which are under cultivation. This is a beautiful township, contaiuing nuiny fine situa- tions for fiuuis, or private residences; the scenery, particularly that on tln' banks of the Tlianu's, having a very Kuglish ap|)earanc«'. The soil is geuen-lly gfHtd and most of the timl)er hardwood : there is sonu' pine in the north of the townsliip. The villages of Delaware and Kilworth, and the Indian settlement -» i I n is» rr ! if 1 *' . t * , i I i lit 1 44 Oneida, are in the township. There are two grist and three saw mills and one distillery in Delaware. Population in 1842, 468. Ratable property in the township, £9,158. DELAWARE. A Village in the township of Delaware, on the western road, twelve miles west from London, beautifully situated on the River Thames; this is one of the pi'ettiest spots in Canada, with much the appearance of an English village. The scenery of the surrounding neighbmirhood is very picturesipie, and re- semblinff the grounds about some of tlie fine old country seats in England. A handsome bridge, 900 feet in length, has been constructed across the Tiiames, which is generally considered the finest work of the kind in Canada. In the neighbourhood of Delaware are some fine farms, and the flats of the river form excellent grazing ground. DeiaMare was first settled in 1832, it contains about 300 inhabitants, and a neat Episcopal church. Post Office, post every day. I'roji'ssiuiifi (I ml Tnidi's. — One grist and saw mill, four stores, two taverns, one saddler, one cabinet maker, two waggon makers, two blacksmitlis, four shoe- makers, two tailors. Principal tavern, " BuUen's." DEMORESTVILLE. A Village in the township of Sophiasburg, situated on the K:iy of Quinti'^, oi)posite liiii Island, which is reached by means of a bridge constructed across the bay. It contains about 400 inhabitants, who nave two churches, Presby- terian and .Methodist. There are also in the villaire, three stores, two taverns, one wajr^'^on maker, one blacksmith, two tailors, two shoemakers. Post Office, post three times u week. DE1M5V. A Township in the "Wellington District; is bounded on the east by the town- shijt of Sycknbam; on the north and west by unsurveyed lands ; and on the south by Sullivan. Tiie Owen Soimd l?ay encroaches on 'ts north-east corner. Derby has only lately been laid out. and no return has yet been made from it. DEItEIIAM. A Township in the Ikock District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Norwich; (m the north by (►xford; pewas, and otiu.'r Indians. The Muusees and Shawnees are chiefly migratory, but the few families wh have become in some measure stationary, live on the reserve, but li;iv>' iidt liad separate farms assigned to them, nor erected any dwellings. The lliirnns have thirty-four dwelling-houses, of wliieli thirty-three ;ire uuide of logs, and oiu.' is a very comfortable frame dwelling of two stories, tor the erection of which they i>aid t''i")(). They have also ten barns, of which four are tVanu'd, and twent,y-t!iree l progress in husbandry; more recently Iiowcmt they have greaily and reguhirly extended their farms by clearing, and have improved in their mode of agriculture. .M;iny of theni are good firniiis, and tliev are annually becoming more prosperous ami luippy. About twelve years ago. they had scarcely any agricidtural impKnieiits but the hoe; they now jios- sess nineteen ploughs, ten harrows and six fanning-mills; they have also twelve w.i'^gons a!id carts, fourteen sleighs, one Ciiieehe, and three carioles. They Lave cleareil 2.V.t acres; each male adult has a farm of 2(Mi acrt'S allotted to hiin, on which many luive tVoni llftceii to thirty acres under cultivation; the average is between seven and eight acres. Their stock consists of seven yoke of oxen, nine bulls, eight steers, tMcnty-seven cows, fifteen heifers, ninety-three horses, tv o hiindr>d and niiu'ty >wine, and seventy-three geese. They have given iij) tile eiiasc ill a iri'eat iiieiisure, ;ind oid\ hunt o('ea>ioiially, Mheii their absence doe.'< not interfere with their farming o|>erations, usually in the autumn. 'I'lu y all profess Christianity; the majority are Wcsii'yan Mithodists, and the otiurs Uoniuu Catholics. They have lu) place of worsliip of their own. The Methodi-t niiui-iter, iu)Wever, who is stationed in the town of Amherstburg. visits those of h.> iH-rsuasicm every Sunda} , ami the llomaii ( athoUcs attend t luipel at Amherst- burj. which is about three miles from their settlement. There :>^ iU pnseat no Sch(K)! among them, but they have expressed their desire to cktublish one. ',,) 1^1 '4 ; il i * 1 1 1 ^ '1 ■ i! 'J' ' V,''i Ill Hi! Hi' 46 The Chippewas are in very diflperent and inferior condition. They chiefly depend upon hunting and fishing. About ten families conunenced to till the ground within the last twelve years. They have only about three or four acres each under cultivation ; they raise only Indian corn, and use no implenient but the hoe. The women perform almost all the field work. They are all heathens, and it does not appear that any efforts have been made for their conversion. Their number is on the decrease, occasioned by exposure, intemperance, and insufficiency of food. In 1842, the number belonging to each tribe was as follows: Chippewas 258 Hurons 88 Munsees 22 Shawnees 6 374 Formerly Amherstburg was the chief post for the distribution of presents to the Indians residing west of Toronto, and to those of the United States. Siiiee the formation of the Establishment at Manitoulin Island, the distributions at Amherstburg and Drummond Island have been discontinued, except to the Indians in the immediate neighbourhood of the former place, and have since been made at Manitoulin. DICKENSON'8 LANDING. A Village in the township of Osnabruck, situated at the head of tlio CornwiiU Canal, eleven miles west from CornMall. It contains about 200 inhabitants, a Catholic church, six stores, and five taverns. '^, DORCHESTER, NORTIL A Township in the London District; is bounded on the east by the township of Oxford; on the nortli by Nissouri; on the Mestby London and ^^'estlninster; and on the south by South Dorchester. In North Dorchester ir),8.'57 acres of land are taken up, 4,326 of which are under cultivation. This is a small town- ship, with land of variable quality; some part being good, with luinhvood timber, and a considerable portion light soil, with pine timber. There are one grist and seven saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 1,0 18. Ratable property in the township, £]Ci,7\4^ DORCHESTER, SOTTTIL A Township in the Ix)ndon District; is bounded on the east by the township of Dereham; on the north by North Dorchester; on the Mest by Westminster and Yarmouth; and on the south by Malahide and a snuill portion of Yarmouth. In South Dorchester 8,505 acres are taken up, 1,0!)8 of which are under culti- vation. There are three large swamps on the east side of the township, from the centre one of which Kettle Creek takes its rise; it then follows a westerly course, across the centre of the township, into Yarmouth. South Dorchester is at present but little settled. One hundred and fifty acres of ('rown lands are open for sale in South Dorchester, at 8.s. currency per acre. There are two grist and three saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 418. Ratable property in the tovoship, £5,106. DOURO. A Township in the Colbome District; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of Dummer; on the north-west by Smith; and on the south by Otonnbee. In Douro 2.1,{>71 acres are taken up, 4,241 of which are under cultivation. This is a triangular-shaped township, and is separated from Smith by t'le 47 Otonahee River. There is some good land in Douro. Tiniher — hardwood, intermixed with pine. 'J'iiere are two saw mills in the township. Douro is settled prineipally by Irish ('atholics. Two thousand two hundred and fifteen acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8a\ currency per acre. Population — Ilatable property in the township, £11,732. DOVER, EAST & WEST. A Township in the County of Kent; in shape a trianf^le; is hounded on the west by Lake St. ('lair; on the north-east by the township of Cliatluun ,• and on tlie south by the River Thames. Dover contains 13,2;57 acres, of Miiich '2,41^2 are under cultivation: about one-third of the whole is open prairie, Mell adapted for gra/infi; the remainder covered with good tiniber — the soil is rich and fertile. 'I'hat jiart of Dover East bordering on the Tiianies is well settled. The township contains a mixed poi)ulatiim, in number 1,242. A small stream runs tiinnigh the upper jiortion of this township. The Canada Company possess 7oO() acres in Da i ' , md 5,200 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8.v. cu. rency per acre. There is a tannery in the township; and the registry otiice for the county is kept about two miles below Chatham. Along the banks of the river are several wood wharves, for supplying steamboats with fuel. Amount of ratable property in the township, 10,011. DOWNIE. A Townsliip in the Huron District; is bounded on the north.east by Elltce; on t!ie north-west by Fullavton; on the south-west by HIanshard; and on the soutii-east by South Eastliope. In Downie .'12,082 acres are leased or sold, 2,777 of which are under cultivation. The Hiver Avon runs across the town- ship from east to west; and two creeks pass, one through the north, and the otiier through the south corner of the township. The laud is much the same us tiiat of the adjoining townships. Population ot Downie, l,.370. Ratable property in the township, £12,134. DRESDEN. A Settlement in the township of Dawn, just laid out at the head of the navi- gation of the east branch of Rear ('reek. It is a good situation for a village; but at present it contains only one store, and three or four houses. Vessels of 300 tons can load here. DRUMMOND. A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on the 'north-east by the t'>wnship of iieckwith; on the north-west by Lanark; (m the south-west by IJathurst; and on tiie soiith-east by Elmsley. In Drunnnoi d .'$3,79.") acres are taken up, !(541 of which are under cultivation. The north and south branches of the Mississippi unite in the west corner of the township, where they are alw joined by the itiver Clyde ; the wliole forming one stream, which takes a north course till near the north corner of the township, where it makes a bend, and luDS to the east; when near the eastern border of the township it expands into the Mississippi Luke, which stretches away into the township of Heckwith. Several smull streams stretch across the township. The town of Perth is situ- ated near the south corner of the township. The base of the south of the township is granite, but excellent white freestone is found in great abundance through the centre of the township. There are many good farms in the town- ship. In Drummoud 3500 acres of Crown lands are open for sale at 8s. c'y f ij)-j ;i r I ^ ■I I w^ I' 'i ' ,i'. ;.v 48 per acre. There are two grist, three saw mills, and three distilleries in the township. Population in 1842, 3451. Ratable property in the township, .£38,084. DRlIMMO^'D ISLAND. An Island in the north-west of Lake Huron, between Cockburn Island and Isle St. Joseph ; formerly belonging to Great Britain, but given up by the British (lovernment to the United States. It was formerly fortified ; but is now entirely deserted. DRUMMONDVILLE. A small Village in the township of Stamford, situated about a quarter of a mile back tVoii. tlie Falls of Niagara. It contains about 130 inhabitants, two stores, two tuveins, two tailors, two shoemakers, one blacksmith. DUFFIN'S CREEK, or CANTON. A Village in the township of Pickering, situated on Duffin's Creek, about three miles from Lake Ontario, and twenty-three miles from Toronto. Contains about 130 inhabitants. Churches and chapels, 4; viz., Presbyterian, Catholic, British Weslej an, and Quaker. The eastern road runs through the village. Post Office, post every day. Pmfesxivns and Trades. — One grist mill, one brewery, one tannery, three stoi'es, two taverns, three shoemakers, two tailors, one blacksmith, one waggon maker. DUMFRIES. A Township in the Gore District ; is bounded on the north by the township of Waterloo ; on the west by Blenheim; on the south by Brantfbrd ; and on the east by Beverley and a small portion of Puslinch. Dumfries contains 92,364 acres, of Aviiich 40,238 are under cultivation. The Grand River enters tbe township four miles from the north-east boundary, runs south-west about half the length of the township, then makes a bend and runs west for about tliree mik-s, then south-west to within three miles of the south-west boundary, at which point it is joined by Smith's Creek. A creek having three small iakes in its course, takes its rise about the centre of the west of tiie township, ruiis a S(nith-west course, and enters Smith's Creek a mile and a half from the west boimdary. A snuiU lake about hlteen acres in extent, called " Blue Lake," is situated on the east side of the river, about three miles from the south boundary. The settlement of Dumfries was connuenced in the year 1816, by Mr. W. Dickson, and nearly evi ry lot is now taken up. Tliere are in the township tlie villages of (ialt, Paris, St. (ieorge, Ayr, and Jedburgh. The soil is generally stomy — the land hilly. Large quautities of plaster are obtained from beds on the banks of the river in the neighbourhood of Paris. There are in the town- shijt seven grist and sixteen saw mills. No census of the township has been taken since 1841, when the populatitm amounted to <)129. Ratable property in the township, jei45,r)S4. DUMMER. A Township in the Colbome District ; is bounded on the east by the town- sliip of llelmont ; on the north by Burleigh ; on the west by Douro ; and on the soutli by Asphodel. In Dnunuer 21,317 acres are taken up, .5040 of Avhieh are under cultivation. Dununer is sei)arated from Burleigh bya chain of lakes; and several small lakes are scattered over the township. Dunmier is M-ell settled, and contains some good I'arms. The settlers are principally Scotch. 1 1 4» There are two mnis (grist and saw) in the township ; and the village of Warsaw is situated in the soutli-west of the township. In Duuuner 16,UU0 acres of Crown Lands are open for sale, at 8.v. curreney per acre. Ratable property in the township, 4' 12,390. DIJNDAS. A. mannfactiiring Village in the townsliip of Flamborough West, five miles from ILmiilton ; situated at the western extremity of the valley which borders tlie soutii-western portion of Lake Ontario. An extensive marsh reaches from the viliuge to Burlington IJay. A canal, five miles in length, called the Des- jurdins Canal, after a Frenclnnan wlio first coninieuced the work, has been cut to connect the village with the bay, through which all articles manul'actured ia the place, and farming produce, can be sent to Lake Ontario. Uiindas is surrounded on three sides by high table land, commonly call'jd " the mountain,'' from whence large (piantities of excellent freestone and lime- st'v.ie are obtaiued ; mucli of wliich is exported to Toronto, and other places on Lake Ontario. Through the influence of its extensive water power, the village has been gradually rising into prosperity during tiie last fifteen or twenty years. Dundas j)ossl-ssjs six cliurcin-'s and chapels, viz., Kpiscopal, Presbyterian, (\itholic, Ikiptist, ^Methodist, and one fi*ee to all denominations. There are alr-o a fire and hook and ladder company, who possess an engine house and one engine; and a mechanics' institute. Population, ubiiut 1700. Prti/rssidiis (1)1(1 Tnidi'.s. — Three pliysieitms and surgeons, two lawyers, two grist mills (one witli five run of Moiies), one cnitmeal mill, one nuunifactory (for making furniture, edge-tools, pumps, and turnery-ware), one carding machine, fulling mill, and cloth fact<)ry, two foundries (lor making steam engines and all k'iids of mueiiiiu-ry, one of wliich employs nearly luo iiands), one bur millstone I'act'.ry. one planing maelnne, one axe factory, one comb factor}', one soap and ciiiidle factory, one tannery, nine stores, three breweries, six taverns, one drug- gist and bookseller, two saddlers, tliree bakers, two watchmakers, four butchers, six blacksmiths, two waggon mak-.TS, o\w haUei*, six groceries, six slioemakers, two chair makers, four painters and glaziers, four schools. One bank agency, " iJ'itish North America." Pi)st Olfice. post every day. Priiii.ijiiil T(i>- /■«.—'• liaMibergcr's." The ottice of the llegistrar for the count}- of Ilalton is kept in Dundas. f .\I. M'. tS; K. Urowne, Forwarders, Warehousemen, and Commission Merchants, -? Land & Houth, C Parsons & Blaine. Exports throtiyh the Desjardins Canal, for the i/ear 1845 : Do^rription. Qii;uitilv. Flour G2,l.").'? barrels. Biscuit 9;} do. Oatmeal ' 90 do. Whiskev 1,101 do. Pork ..'. 115 do. Ashes 120 do. Lard 4 do. Grass Seed 180 do. Butter <',,", firkins. Potatoes 2;ut bushels. Staves, puncheon . a.'BO.olO pieces. Do. pipe 7,779 do. Free Stone ^ 785 tons. f-V^ 1 1 .■■ ! U A I ! ■ I 52 EASTIIOPK, NORTH. A Township in the Huron District ; is bounded on the north-east by tJu; townshij)s of Wellesley and Wilniot, on tlie north-west by Eiiiee, and on the south by South Easthope. In Nortli I'.asthope 28.216 acres are leased or sold, 4,172 of which are under culiivation. Tlie Avon, a branch of the Thames, nins tliroufrh the south of the township, nuikin;j,- its egress at the village of Stratford. Tlie Big Swauip encroaches on the north of this township. Population in 1844, 1,1.')1. Ratable property in the township, 12.r)01. FDWARDSIUfRCH. A Township in the Johnstown Distric!; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of IMatilda ; on the north by South (Sower and Oxford ; on the west by Augusta ; and on the soutli by the River St. Lawrence. In Edwardsbuigh 31, .5;')" acres are taken up. 7,748 of which are under cultivation The land on the river is generally good, but back, for about seventeen miles, it is mostly jioor, and much of it swampy, tb.e farmers raising scnrci'iy sutlicient ])ro(iueet()r tJieir own consumption. In Edwardsbui'gh 'JM acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8.s. c'\ per acre. There are three grist and six saw nulls in ihe township. Po])ulation 2.8.'}7. Ratable property iu the township £.'11,174. EORi'.MOXT. A Township in the \VelHn;rtou District ; is bounded on the east by the townsiiip oi Proton ; on the north by (Jl 'nelg; on tin* west by Normanby; :u.d on tlie south by Arthur. 'I'his township has only lately been surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet bec-n niaue tror.i it. EKFWH>. A Towrship in the London Pislriet ; is bounded on the north-east by tlie townsliij) of Carrudoc^ on the nortli-west by Adelaide; on the south-west by Mosa; and cm tlie south-east by the llivei' 'I'lianies. In Ekfrid .'i(),072 acves are taken up, r).((0,") of whieii are undjr eiiltivaiion. A large swamp occupies about a fourth of the township, and there is a considerable quantity of wet land, particularly in the north of the township. There is one saw-uiili in Ekfrid. Population in 1842, 1,174. Ratable property iu tlie township, £13,',>89. EL DON. A Township in the Onlborne District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Fenelon; on the north by uusurveyed lands; on the we.-, by Thorah ; and on the .south by IMariposa. In Eldon li).!)!ti) acres are taken up, 2,87 "> of Avhich are un(U'r cultivation. This township is -.veil watered, and contains some good land. In EMon '.MOO acres of Crown lands are open lor sale, at Ss. c'y per acre. Population — Ratable property in the township £9,029. ELlZAHErili'OWN. A Town.ship in the Johnstown District ; is bounded on the east by the town- shij) of Augusta; on the north by Kitley and Wolford ; on the west by Yonge; and on the south by the River St. liuwreuce. In Elizabethtown 48,187 acres are taken up, 21,8.34 of wliich are under cultivation. There are four small lakes in the township, each containing about (iOO acres, viz. — Jones' Pond. Lamb's P(nid, Mud Lake, and Atkin's Lake. The Petite Nation River takes its ri.se in tuis tuwuiiiiip, uearly iu the rear of Brock ville; and the south branch of the [•id. up .on are nd. in llie 53 Bivcr Rideau takes its rise in Mud Lake. Limestone is to be obtained in abundance tliroughout the wliole township. The soil varies in quality, some parts being excellent, and others hilly and broken. Timber, principally hard- wood, intermixed occasionally with pine and hemlock. The town of Brockville is situated in tlie south-east corner of the township. In Elizabethtown 250 acres of Crown lands are for sale, at 8a'. c'y per acre. There are five grist and nine saw mills in the township. Population (i,4-'37. Ratable property in the township, ,£97,'2!)7, which includes the town of Brockville. E L L 1 C E . A Townsliip in the Huron District, is bounded on the north east by Crown lands, on tlie north west by the township of Logan; on the south west by Fullarton and Downie, and on the south east by North Easthope. In Ellice S,24') acres are leased or sold, 1,0 11 of wiiich are under cultivation. The land bordering upon the Goderich road is rather poor, and the big swamp takes a considerable slice out of the north east of the township. The rest of the town- ship is mostly good land. A creek, a branch of the Thames, runs through the west of the township. There are in EUicc one grist and two -raw mills. Population, .528. Ratable property in the township. £4.810. / ELMSLEY, SOUTH. A Township in the .Tohnstown District, is bounded on the c by the town- ship of Montague ; on the north by the Uideau f'anal and ' '!.(v I.iike; on the west by Hiu'gess; and on the south by Kitley and Bastard, in South l" nsley 10,27") acres are taken up, 3,r)t)'') of wliieli are und ■ > iltivation. Th 'iivor Tay passes through this tv)wnship from iioi'th we>^t o soi -h east, and enters the Ilidean Lake two miles ea-^t frotu Oliver's Ferry, .f has been made navigable to Perth, for snuiU vessels. The soil of the sout.i of the township is of fair average ((uality. Timber, a mixture of pine, cedar, and liardwo(*d. That portion of it, however, l)ordering on tlie canal, is mostly i)oor and stony, and much of it overtlowed by the M'aters of the Lake. A small settlement called Pike Falls, is situated in the township. In South Elmsley, M.'iO acres ot Crown lands are oj>en for sale at Ss. curreuey per acre.. There are s the Rideau Lake, is also in North Elmsley, seven miled from Perth. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 11,54. Ratiible property in the township, 15,416. "» :!' i^ll'r i il I li: / 54 ELORA. A Village in the township of Nichol, beautifully and romantically situated on the Grand River, about thirteen miles from Guelph, was first settled in 1832 by Mr. W. Gilkison. The " Falls" of Elora are very beautiful, and are much visited; the river having wcrni a channel thirty-five or forty feet deep through the solid lime stone rock. A large rock stands in the centre of the stream, just above the Falls, bearing trees; the base of which is nearly worn away by the constant friction of the water. Just helow the village, the river is joined by a branch called the Irvine. The situation of Flora is hilly. The village contains about 100 inhabitants, and has an Episcopal church, and a Methodist chapel. Post Office, Post three times a week. Vrofissious tnid Tnnlrs. — One physician and surgecm, one grist and oatmeal mill, one saw mill, carding machine and cloth factory, one store, one tavern, one chemist and druggist, two blacksmiths, three shoemakers, two waggon makers, two tailors. Crown Lands Ayait, A. Geddes. FI//FVIR. A Township in the Victoria District, is bounded on thv east by the township of Kiiladar; on the north l)y (Jrimstli()ri)e; on the west by Madoe: ami mi the Koutli by Mungerford. 'I'his townsiiip has only lately been opened for sale, and no return has yet been made from it. Thirty-eight thousand four hundred and seventy-five acres of Crown lands are ojjcn for sale in Klzevir, at 8.v. c'y. per acre. FMUliO. A Village in the west of the township of Z(HM"a, situated on the road leading from (Jovernor's road to Stratford. There is a Presbyterian church in the villag«'. P()|mlati(m about 150, who are priiu'i|)ally Highland Scotch. /'/•«/( .v.v/oy/.v (111(1 7V(t(l(s. — One grist and saw-mill, carding machine and cloth factory, oiu' distillery, one tannery, three stores, two taverns, one waggon maker, two hlaeksmiths, three shoemakers, one tailor. Post OtUee, post three times a-week. K .M 1 1, v. A Township in the rolborne District; is bounded on the east by the town- ships of Ihiuisniore and Snnlh; on the north by Wrul.im: on the west by 0|)s; and on the south hy ('avail. In Fniily, .'i.-t,.'!."!? acres are taken up. .").'i;i'.t of which an- under cultivation. 'I'his is a good tovMiship. and is well -ettled by a mixeil po])nlalion, i)riiieipally Irish Protesiants. It has a good mill stream running tlirouLdi it; and a small settlement, called .Metcalfe, is situated in its south-west corner. Tlu're ;ire two j;risl ami two saw •mills, and one disiillery in tlie town- ship. Four thousand one hundred acres of Crown lands are open lor sale in Emily. ;it ^v. c'y per acre. Popiiliition. — Ratable property in the township, £lH,0i,'5, EN MS. MU HE. A Township in the rolborne Di>triet; is bounded on the north-east and south by |iart of (he greiit chain of lakes sitmited in the district, and on the west by the towii.Nhip of I'.mily. This is ;i small towtiship, of nearlv a tii;injj^ular slijipe. In Eniiiviuore M-21 acres are taken up, •♦•'l"> of which are under cultivation. Inhabitants priucipidly Irish (';itnolies. One th>usand lour hundred iicres ol Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8.v. c'y |)er acre. Population, — lluUible pntperty in the township, 4;'S494. 55 ENNTSKILLEN. A Townsliip In the Western District; is bounded on the east by the township of Brooke; on tlie north by Plympton; on the west by Moore; und on the south by Dawn. In Knniskillen, '24.")(» acres are taken up, .'347 of which are under cultivation. The north branch of Hear Creek runs across the fownsliip, enteri'iir it at its north-east corner, and making its exit at its soutli-west corner. Tliis township possesses a lar/^re portion of exceUent land, hut it is as yet but little settled. Seven thousand five hundred acres of Oown hnids are open for sale in Enuiskillen. at 8.v. c"y per acre. There is a grist and saw- mill, and tannery in the township. Populatiiin taken with that of the township of Moore. Ratable property in tlie township, i'l,'2I2. ERAMO.SA. A Township in tlie Wi-llinaton District; is bounded on the nortli-inist bv the townsliii)of llrin; on the north-west by (Jarafraxa; on tlie south-west by Nieliol and (iuflpli; and on the south-east bs iNa.-sa;.M\vcya. In I'.raiuo^ia lisjul acr.'s are taken up, 7. ->■■") of wiiieli a!'e under eiiltivatinii. A braneli of the (irand Uivi'r passes tlirou;;h the townshi|). The upper portion of tlie township, to tiie bank of the river, is exct'ileiit land; bi-hn . it is broken and stony. Krainosa is thickly settled, princi|ially by Scotch and Iri>h. many of wluun have flue fanns. In the soutli-ea>t of the towiivlii)). on a brancli of tlie Spi'cd. there are " ."^traii^^f's Mills "and '■liinL''l(' inachiue, and at tin' same place a last factory, blacksmith, und Quaker lueetinu-honse. At " .Murpliy"s Mills,"' or "Little FalN,"' there are a saw mill, caidinji: machine, fullinfr mill, and store. At "Cripp's Mills," .'{.'), Haiable property in the township. :iu.^.'l'.». KIUK. LAKR The most southerly of the Canadian lakes; and also tlie most sliailow. It forms the soufJK'rn boundary of the Niairara, Talbot, London and Western Dis- tricts. It is ]>:U miles in leiitrth; and. in its widest part, abdiit 7(> miles iti breadth. It receivev tje waters of the upper lakes trom the Deti-oit l{i\er; and dischar^res its, If into the Nia;i;ira Uiver. It is .■ii'i4 feet aliove the level of the Sia; and thirty feet below Lake Huron. Several small islands are scattered over the western extremity of the lake; only (uie of which, *' I'oiiit I'ele IshunI," ill inhabited. This is the most eipienee of the jrriiund swell, fioni the shallowness of tin- lake, bein.ur ver\ heavy. The banks vary in lieiL'lit; no portii>n of tiu'iu. however, is above a hundred feet in heifrht There are coiisiderible ipianlities of red eedar on partieiil ir |>,and the Hond "Laii. Kin El s. The n.ime of h post ofliee, in the township of ILilei'rb. on Talbof Road — ten iiiile»< from lileiiheim. Tiure is a tavern two niiich furtiier west. EUIN A Town!«!)ii» in the Wellinolon District; i» bounded on the north-enst by the township of I'ldedon; on the north-W( st by (Jarafraxa; on the south-west by Eramosa; and on the south-eaMt by Ksipusinjr. In Krin .32,447 acres are taken up, 7,i»-lJ of which ar ■ under cultivation. .Mu(di of the land in the township is •hilly and stony. There \h n small settlement in the south-west of the township nilled '• .Me Mullen's .Mills." where arc a jrrist and saw mill, tavern and black- KiiiiMi's shop, and between forty and fifty inhubitunt«. Tiure are oue grist und four J •,447 aert's are taken up, '22.M7 (it which are under cultivation. The village of Hath is situatt-d in the east of the township, on the hike; and a si'ttli'Uient calkd "Wilton," is in the north-east of the township, where is a Presbyterian church, and a Methodist chapel, a mill and post ofliee. There is also a Methodist chapel in the north- west corner of the township. There are foiu" grist and fourteen saw mills in the township. Knu'Stown is well settled, and contains 4..'H7 inhabitants. Ratable property in the township, f()4,(>;U. EHHOL. A Village in the township of Plyniitton, laid out in 1838 by government. It is tliirteen miles from Port Sarnia; contains a post office, post twiee ;i week; a water saw mill on the lake shore; and a chiireh, free for all denominations. It also possesses a se'iool. Tom ii lots sold at ."*:iO. rnifvssions and Trutlis.—Oim school, one saw mill, and three carpenters. ESQUK.SlXr.. A Township in the fJore District; is boundid on the nortli-east by the town- sliip of Chiiiguacrusy ; on the north-east by F.rin ; on the sontli-west by Nassagaweya; and on the «oiitli-east by Trafal-^ar. In K^pu'sint'. ."iT.-'U? acres are taken up, l'.t.*l'.>2 of wliicli are un(|Ursing, at H.v. enrrency per acre. The villages of Norval and Hornby ari- situated in i-s(nu'sing; and there are four grist and eleven saw mills in the township. Popnlati(m — . who are i)rineip:illy Kiiglish, Irish and Scotch. Hatablv property in the township. tT^'^.lol. I'.SSA. A Township in the .*^imcoe Distriet; is boiinch'd on the north by the town- ships of V'espra and Sunnidale; on tlie we>t by Tossoronlio; on the south by Teenmseth; and on the east by Innisfil. In INsa l.'J,".tf'7 acres are taken np, 2,90(1 of whieh are r.nder eullivation. The Notiawaviga Ui\tr runs directly tlirough the township, from south to north. A large poi'tion of the township is excellent laiul. In tin- north-east, however, it is hilly and broken. There is a swamp in the south of the town hip, on the town-line between K-sa a id Iiinistil. Tliere are in Kssa s,.")(mi aeres of Crown lands for sale, at 8.v. currency per acre. Tlnre are in the township one grist and one saw mill. Population in IH4L', ,'>.l . Ratable property in the township, 4"7,.'<.14. KSSj'.X. A County in the Western Distriet; coui|>riseH the townships of Andenlon, Colehester, (ioslield, .Maidstone. .Mtrsea, Maiden, Rociiester, and Sandwich. It retuiUN a memlK>r to the House of Assembly. N 57 ETOBIOOKE. A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the oast by the township of York ; on tlie north by Vaughan; on the west by tlu- (Jore of Toronto, and the townsliip of Toronto; and on tli<' south by Lake Ontario. In Ktobicoke, 24.[>'M acres are taken up, 12,r)l() of which are under cultivation. Tliis is a well settled township, containinir jrood laud; althoutili that i)orti()n borderiiiy on the hike is fieni i-,.! • j)oor and sandy. Timber near tlie iaivc. iii(i>t'y piiic; but farther back it i> principally hardwood. The l{ivcr llui-dn'r. whicli is ;in ex- cellent mill stream, forms the dividinjr line between Ktobicoke and the township of York. The village of Weston is situated on the llnnihiT, in the north-east of the townshij); and the settlcnu'Ut eal'cd "IMiinico" on ttu' Miinico river, on Diuuhis Stivet. 'I'll. 're are five grist and nine saw mills in tlie township. Population in 184:>, a,4t;7. Ratable property in the Township, .t".'?8,3.'59. F/rOH!<'()KF>: HIVKR. Takes its rise in the township of <"!iin,:jr\iacousy ; runs through the east of the township, and tlie north and ea^t of tlu' towii>^hii) of Toronto, and eiil rs Lake Ontario close to the town-line between Toi'onto and LlobicoUe towasliiiis. pio}ieriy in the township, £311 rAI{.Mr.!{SVl!,l-K. .\ Village in the centre of the uoith oi the to',vns!ii() of Ytnige. It contains about :ioit inhabitiiiit.s, who have a .Mnhodist uu i ting-Iiou -e, oiie pliysiciiin and siirgfou, grist and >aw mill, eapMn:: niaeliiiie and eioth liiC'-ry, inree .■>tores, two taverns, one saddler, two blaeksmilhs. FAWN ISLAND A small Island in the River St, Clair, Is miles below Port Saniiu. It con- tains about Hfty acres. FP.NKLON. .Ml CAMl.llON'S FALLS. A Village in the township of Fenehni, .litnated in the north-«'ast of the town- ship, about forty miles from Pet •••boro'. and twenty -five in'h's north from Lindsay. It contains about IMO inliabiiants. who have an I',pi-e(i;..|i (liMreli. The village also e(uilains one gri^t ui>d saw mill, ime store, one laveni. one blacksmith, one shoemaker, one tailor, one boatbullder. Post Olliet, post once a-week. FF.NT.LON AM) lll'XLLV. These Townsltips are nnitid for district |Mn|)o»es. being yet but little setth-d. P<'xh'y li«'s niu'fh, and Fni'loti south. I'eneloii is bouudid iii the north l>y Hexley; on the east by N'erulain; on thr w; the coast of Fenclou. The laud horderin^ these lakes is mostly \niw. A small settle- ment, called " Fenelou Falls," is situated in the north-east of the township. The settlers are priueipally Finjilish. 'J'iiere are one jrrist and two saw mills in these townships. In Mexley I l,')it2. and in Fenelon yoGj acres of Crown lauds are open for sale, at S.v. enrrcncy. per acre. Ratahle property in the townships £:\7\'-i. FKRGl'S. A Villajre in the township of Nichol. situated on the Grand Rivor, thirteen niik's from (luelph, was laid out in IM'J.'J, by the Hon. A. Ffrirussou and Mr. Webster, on thu road to tin- i;()veruini'nt sett lenient at Owen Sound. The situ- ation is hilly ami eold. and thi' soil in the neiuiiliourhodd of tlie viilaue is poor and stouey. I'opulation. 1S4, who are priueipally Scotch. Fergus contains u Presbyterian church. Post Ofliee, i)ost three tinu'S a-week. ]Vter; and on the south-east by ( )sualiinek. In Fiin'b L"),4l(i acres are taken u|). 2.'l(i,') of Mhich are luider cultivation. The Fetit Kation Kiver runs through the north of the township, from south to north. There is eonsiderable pine on its banks, much of wiiiih is lloated do« u the Ottawa. 'I'heiv are one ;'ri-l and tiiree saw-mills in liu tuwnship. One hundred unl fifty acres of erowu l.uids are open for sale in Finch, at 8.s. c'v |)er acre. l*o|iiil;ition. 7."i(i; who.iiv |iriueipall\ Seoteli, and have a I'resbUeriau church. Katuble property in the low iisiiip, X',t:(()4. FINCAL. A Village in the townshi|) of Soutliwold; six miles from Port Stanley. It contains about l."i(t inhabltanis, who lia\i' a ehnreli. tree to al! d( nominations. l'riiii.\.\i,iii\iiiiil Tniilts. ~{ )ne ph\ sieian and surgeon, three stoii s, two taverns, two groceries, three waggon nuikers, one sa(hUer, two biaeksmitlLs, two tailors, four shtuniakers. FI'l'/l{OV. A Township in the Dalhousie l)i»triet; is bound d on tlie north-east by the township of 'I'arbo'iton; on tlu' uorih-wcst by .Mi* Nab; on the south-west by Pakeidiam; and on the south-cast by lluntly. In Filzroy •-"•..•i',i2 aeres aiv Uikeu up, r).;}()4 of which are niider ctdtivatiou. The .Mi-sissippi River runs tlir ' ' . -.. . . • .• . thi Crown Uikeu up, r).;}()4 of which are niider ctdtivatiou. The .Mi-sissippi River runs Jirough the west of the township, from south to ntu'lh; on the banks of which there is cousidii-able |)ine. Two thousand seven hundred and fittv-one acres of Crown lauds are open for wUe iu Fitisn)^, ut 8*. c'y ^ter acre. The village of 59 Fitzroy Harbour is situated in the north corner of the township, on the Ottawa River; and there are two grist and four saw -mills in the township. Population in 1842, 1746. llatable property in the township, X18,^>()8. FITZROY IIAKHOni. A Village in the township of Fitzroy; situated on a hay of the Ottawa River. There are some very heautifui liills a siiort distance above the village. During the season, a steamboat runs from Aylmer, a villaire on the I.owir Canadian side of the Ottawa, six miles above Mytown. to Fitzroy Harbour, three times a week, (fare "v. (W/. c'y). A notlier steamboat starts from Mi'^sissii)pi Island (an island in the Ottawa, containing about KM It) acres, two miles and a- half above Fitzroy Harbour), and runs to tiie Snows, a Inniberiug establishnu'iit on the Ottawa, tweuty-i'iglit miles above tlu' liarbour; the space l)itwei'n l''itzroy llarl)0//r and Missi isijipi Island boini; unnavigabk'. on account of tiie falls and rapids in the river. Fitzroy liarbour contains about ."ioo inhabitants; and a Ctttiiolic cliurch. Post Otiice. jxist thn c times a-wcck. JVufissions mill Trinhs. — Oiu- Physician and Surj'fon. one grist and three saw-mills, one brewery, one ashery, fo\ir stores, two t.iverns, two blacksmiths. one waggon maker, one lauiiMi;; uiill maker, one cabinet nuikcr, four shoe- makers, two tailors. FI\ F STAKFS. A small Village in the township of Soutliwojd. three miles from St. Thomas. It contains about Idi) inhal)itants; one store. aslicr\, three taverns, tM'o hlack- smitlis, one tailor, one waggon nuikcr, one shoe maker. FF\:Mi5oif:\7 acres are taken up. 8.7.iil of which are undi r cuitivalion. This is a fiiu' lown- shij). containing ixcelUnt land, and utiod lanns; finiher. a mixtui'e of jiard- wood and pine. Tliere are two grist and niiu' saw mills in tlie township. Population in 1841, l.'UI. Katahle property in the township. X."lS,M;t.'l. FLAMHOliOl (ill WFST. .\ Township in the coimtj of NN'entworth. is bounded on tlie north east by the township of Flamb(MdU):h I'.ast ; on the west by Mevcrl\ ; on the north west bv Pii>lincli; and on the south by llurlingion Hay and .^uca^tcr. In Flaudxiroiigh West 'J4,'Ji.'4 acrvs are taken up. !t.'M of which are under cul- tivation. Tlii-re are some good farms in this township, which coi;taii's thi- vil- lages of Dundasand Flaiuh(u-ougi\: and there are also, on a creek running llirough the towushi|), fotir grist mills, seven saw mills, carding nuudiiiu' and fulling mill, oil mill, cloth factcu-y, pmup, fuuuing mill, und chair I'aclorj, p.ipet !i -•^!|; m . * J ■' il I i ! \ Vl ij * . ». t ( a. M f i II ^11 60 ^ill, two tanneries, and two distilleries. There are also in the township one X*resbytcriiin church, and one Metliodist chapel. Populatit)!! in 1841 (since when no census has been taken), 2,428. Ratable property in the township, £54,272. FLOS. A Township in the Sinicoe District; is hounded on the north by the town- ship of I'iny; on the west by Sunnldale; on tlie south by Vespra; and on the east by ^lodonte. In Flos, 5,74'J acres are taken up, 68") of wliieh are under cultivation. The Nottawasaiia river runs tliroujih the south west corner of the townshij), and its north west corner is cutotf by the Nottawasaca Hay. A small lake containing about SOO acres is situated in the north west of the townshij) about two miles from the bay; and another hike of tlie same extent in the north of the township, on the town line between Flos and Medonte. The township is well watiavd by numerous small streams. That portion of the townsliip borderinir on the Penctauiriiishine Road, is light and sandy, and the timber prinei]Mlly i)ine and luniloek. A slun't distance back from the road, the land becouus heavy, and the timber good. 'J'iie lower portion and the centre of the township are level, the ui)])er portion rolling. In Flos 24,UU(J acres of Crown lands ave ojien for sale at i*s. currency per acre. i'ojiulation in 1S42, about 200. Ratable property in the township, £2,530. FORT EHIE. A Fort situated in the soiith east corner of the township of Rertie, on the Niagara Kiver. noted as being the scene of several severe engagements betwi-en the l{riti>h troops, and the invading Americans, during the last American war; 'J'he principal of wiiieli took pliu'c, cm the 2fint of the bayonet; and again in August 1814. when, the fort having previously fallen again info tlie hands of the enemy, General Drummond. at the head of a juirty oflhitish troops, advanced upon the fort for the purpose of inv«'sting it. Oil the lUh August, having completed his batteries, he com- ineneed a brisk cannonade on the position of the enemy, which, with a few intirmi-sions, was eontiniied for two days, after which it was deter- mined to cany the fort and outworks of the enemy by a nocturnal assault; about two o'clock cm the morning of the 15th the attack commenced; and after a desperate contlict. the fort was carried, the enemy driven from tiie ramparts at the point of the bayonet, and the guns of the fort turned upon the garrison ; but at the very inouK'nt ol viet(M'y, a large (piantity of ammunition aeeidiiitally took fire and exjiloiied. by wliie!i the greater jiortion of the Hritish forcts, w ho had entered the fort, were blown intl) the air; the few Hritish trooj.s who survived the exphision, were iusntiieienf til maiiitain tluir position, and they were criti>h bau>nets, after losing nearly I'.OO men. The Anierieaii general soon after evacuated Fort llrie, and retreated across tho river to the United States, which ended the campaign. FRANKMLLK. A Settlement in the township of Kitlev, situated on the Perth road, twentv- two miles from Mrockville. It contains about fifty inhabitants, one store, two taverns, one saddler, and one blacksmith. 61 FREDERICKSBURGH. A Township in the Midland District; is bomided on the north-east hy the township of Krnestown; on tlie nortii-west by Ilichinond and a portion of the IJuy of Qninte; on the soutii-oast by the Hay of Quinte; and on the soiith- w-.'st by Adoiphustown. In rredericksburgii 4I,()'.>S acres are taivcn up, 18,'.)lti of whicli are under cultivation. A lar!i:e bay, a portion of the Hay of Quiute, runs for some distance into tlie township, and at)out its centre exjiands to a con- siderable size, fonninga larj;e basin. A settlement called Clarkville is situated in the north-east corner of tlie township. Fredericksburirh is well settled and contains .some good farms. There are three grist and five saw-mills in the township. Population 2.949. Ratable property in the township, £47,240, FRKDERirKSnURC.If, or MIDDI.ETOX. A Vnila.se situated on the town line between Windham and Middleton. twelve miles from Sinicoe, and twelve miles from the lake. It contains about KM) in'uibitauts, oin store, two taverns, one l>lacksmith, one waggou-maker, one tailor, and two shoemakers. FRENCH RIVER.— (5tt' Lakk Nipissinc) FROOMEFFEM), oit TALFOrRD'S, As it is more commonly called; a Vilia,::c' in the (own^hip of Moore, situated on the IJiv'T St. f'iair. four luili's and a half from Port Sarnia. It was laid out in lS-'i(i by 1\ Tali'ourd, Iv^cj. The sliuiuion is one of tlie most beaut! ul on the river. Steain!)oats stop here to take in Mood. A small stream, lorni rly culled '•('ommo(h)ro's Crt'ek,'' on wliicli i.s a grist and saw-mill (not now In operation),, enters the River Si. Clair at this |)oint. Heie is a urat I^iiseoial Claireh, and a;i exi'elhnt wituhnill. Nundu-r of inliabitanrs about forty \'illage lots of on.-thir'l ot an aeiv are sflii;.;: laTe at £lu. euiTeiiey. Tnidi's, — Two wagg(m niaktis, one tailor, one shoemaker, one bhicksmith, two joiners. fr()N"1"i:nac A County intlu' ^Midland District, comijriscs the townships of [Bedford, Harrie. Clarendon, Miucbinhrooke, King-^ton, KennclHC, liOngliliorough, Olden, Oso, l*ortland, and I'ittsbnrgh, wliicli includes Howe Island, l*ahni'rston. Storrinirton, and Wolfe Uland; and, except for the purpose of representation in the Legisla- tive Assembly, the town of Kingstim. Fl EEAIITON. A Townshij) in the Huron District : is bounded on the north-east by Logan and Ellicv' ; on the north-west by Mibbert ; on the soutll-we.^t by I'sborne and nianshard ; and on the son'h-east l)y Dowuie. Soil mostly good. A branch of fhi' Thames nnis through the tv)wnsliip. Fullarton contains 4iMilS acres; 8,i»'")« of \»!ii(di are leased or sold ; of which ;J9;J acres are under cultivation. Population 419. Ratable property in the township, •l.'VV.). C.AINSMoROrCH. .A Township in tlie Niagara District; is bounded (m the east hy the township ofPeliiani; en tin- nortii iiy Clinton and tJrinisby ; on the wot by Cai,^to; ; Hud on the souih by .Moulton and Walntleet. In Ciainsborough 2>,S4S acres are takc.i up, 844b of wiiicn are undtr cultivation. Gainsborough is well settled. \-V\ itl ! \ ., 62 *;; M, and contains good farms. There is considerable pine in the township. There are one grist and six saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 1698, who are principally Canadians, with some few emigrants from Eurojjc. Ratable property in the township, £24,207. GALT. A Village in the township of Dninfries, prettily situated on the Grand River, in a valley surrounded by high hills; twenty-five miles from Hamilton, and eighteen from lirantford. It lias very valuable water-power, by the employ- ment of which, in milling and nuinnt'acturing, the place is fast rising into pros- perity; and iilready begins to assume the appearance of a town. The streets are neatly laid out, and the eniploynient of stone in building (which is procu- rable in any required (juantity from the banks of the river), gives the houses and other buildings, a very su1)stantial appearance. Gait contains abotit 1000 inhabitants, who are |)rincipally Scotch. They have a curling club, mechanics' institute, circulating library, and fire engine company. Stages run every day to Hamilton and Guelph, and three times a-week to Goderich. A new.xpaper is ptiblisbed here every Satui-day — the " Dumfries Courier." There are in Gait five churches and chapels, viz., one Episcopal, three Presbyterian, one Methodist. Post ( )rtice, post every day. Pri>f('.\.iiii>i.s (iiiil Trtidi's. — Three physicians and surgeons, two lawyers, (me apothecary, Iavo grist mills (each containing four run of st(mes), two saw mills, two foundries, two carding nuicliines and cloth factories, one brewery, two distilleries, «)ne tannery, eight stores, one pail fnetory, one last factory, one che- mist and druggist, nine taverns, two groceries, one veterinary surgeon, one printer, seven blacksmiths, one saddler, one Matchnuiker, five waggon makers, eight tailors, one cabinet maker, four shoemakers, three bakers, two chair fiie- tories. three tinsniitiis, three butchers, two livery stables, four coopers, one gunsmith, one edge-tool mnker, ten carpenters, one paiuier, one tallow chandler, one school. One bank agency, " Gore." Stage Fare from (i a it to Ihmiiltim $1 Do. (!alt to Guclph 0^ Do. (iait to (Joderieh 4 Quantity of Flour ground in Gait for exportation, from Sept. 1844, to July, 184j 15,75.') barrels. GANAXOQIE. A Village in the township of Leeds, situated on the River St. Lawrence, at the nuuith of the Gananoipie Kiver. sixteen miles east of Kingston ; the eastern road passes through it. It contains about JiOO inhabitants, who have a church (Presbyterian). Post Oflicc, post every day. PioJ\\ssi(iiis 011(1 7V(/(/i'.v. — (irist mill (four run of stones), saw mill, nail works, carding machine and cloth factory, pail factory, three stores, two favenis, one physician and surgeon, one tailor, two shoemakers. GARAFRAXA. A Township in the Wellington District ; is bounded on the south-east by Caledon, Erin, and Eramosa; on the south-west by Nichol and Peel; and on tlie nortij bv Luther and Amaranth. In (iarafraxa l.S,318 acres are taken up, 1638 of which are under cultivation. This is a triangular shaped township, much of the land in which is of excellent (]uality. The Grand Ftiver runs through the west corner of the towusliip. Three thousand seven hundred and \\\l porks, IS, uue last T)y ind oa Umi up, rnship, |r runs ed and fifty-five acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Garafraxa, at 8.«. curfency piT acre. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1841. ;J22. Ratable property in the township, £6207. GARDEN ISLAND. A small Island in Lake Ontario, opposite Kingston, containing about thirty acres. It is (Hcupifd by a firm who o"' largely eajzaged in the rafting business, it being conveniently situated for the purpose, A large numben of vessels are employed in bringing staves from all parts of the western country to the island, where they are unloaded, and the staves ntade into rafts for the voyage to Quebec. GEOHGKTOWN. A flourishing Village hi Esquesing, situated on a branch of the River Oedit, 17;^ miles north from Dundas Street. It contains about 7(JU inhabitants. I'riifcssiiinx (111(1 Tniilcs. — One grist mill, one saw do., cloth factory, two tiuineries, two stores, one foundry, one ashery, one tavern, one cb.air maker, three waagcm makers, one cabinet maker, four blacksmiths, two tailors, three shoemakers. GEORGINA, A Township in the Home District ; is bounded on the north by Lake Simcoe; on the west by the township of (Jwillimbury North; on the south by Scott; and on the east by Brock. In Georgina 11,827 acres are t;ik' ". up. ■H'>~)[\ of wbieli are under cultivati()i) acres of Crown lands are open for sale in (ieorgina at 8.s'. currency per acre. There are two grist and three saw mills, and one distillery iu the township. Populati96. Ratable property iu the towuship, £26,794. .!» 1 ', ' V ,'i i \ f k n |. '■ ! i i f 'i i I! C4 r.LASGOW, on "SHOEMAKER'S MILLS." A Villalea^int summer rc'i.ienee. Owing to its remote siiuation, and partly from its being inaccessible l)y land from any part of the Province M-est of l^ondon, Goderieh has not increased as fust as many other places of the same age. A harbour iuis been con>inie;ud at an expense of l'l(),(»(i(i; but the ])iers are now >■,_,, ing <.ut of repair. 'J';;is is the only harbour between l*orl Sarnia and the Saugeen Islands. A iiivlit house is just about being erected by the govermnent. In l.s^r a r<>a.l Wiis cpened to the township of Wilmot, at a cost of X'liXX); a road has also bi'cn made to the town of London. A steandioat and several schooners bave been built lu're. Staues run twice a week from Goderieh to London and (iidt. and duiinu' the last season the steuaboat " (■(■ilvrieh " (late " Gore ") called here on her wei'kly trips from Windsor to Owen's Sound. A fishing company was established here, sonu' years since, but from some mismanagement did not sneceed very well, and is now broken u]). A fine pelican was shot here dnriuir the s]irinu of ISt.j, wiiile feetling in the harbour. (loilerieh contains five churches and clvapels, vi/.; l-'-jjiscopai, Presbytei'ian, Catholic. Secession and Methodist ; tiiere is also a stone jail and court house, and the Canada Company's otfices are kept here. Post Ofliee. jiost tour linies a Avcek. Popuhilinii, (),")9. The following ffovernment and district ofPces are kept in Goderieh: (Merk of Peace, Tre.i.^uur of District, ISherdf, Ueg'strar of tl:e County, Collector of Customs, Ins])ector of Licenses, Inspector of Eish, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court. /*/■('/(. v,s/(///.v ituil Tntih's. — Three physicians and surgeons, two lawyers, one surveyor, two breweries, three distdleries, two tanneries, nine stores, one drug- gist, five taverns,* one tin>niitli, five lailors, Itwo groceries, one foundry, two watchnuiki rs, two waggon makers, three blacksmiths, ten shoemakers, one gunsmith. Uvo bakers, two scdiools, one bunk agency, " Upper Canada. " PrJuci^ui laveiu, " Uailenburys. " , t ? ' 4 65 ridderich is fifty-nine miles from London, and eitrlity-two from Gait ; for KtaLre t'uri's, sec London, Clalt, ami Hamilton. The cxiiorts tor 1844 were small, but during the spring of 1845, about 12,000 bushels of wheat were shipped. GODLUK^H. A Township in the Huron District, is bounded on the north by the River Maitlaiid; on the west by Lake Huron; on the south by the River llayfield; and on the east by lluMett. The soil on the banks of the lake, and the Rivers Aluitiand and liaytidd, is poor and stony; the rest of the township is jrood land. The township contains oG.lMW) acres, Mr),llSof which are leased or sold, of which rj.irjt) acres are under cultivation. Goderich ecmtains one grist and two sawmills, fulling-mill, and carding machine. There i.s a tavern on the liay- fiild road, four miles south of Goderich. Population, I,ti7;}. liutable property in the township. 4:10,189 8i GORE DISTRFCT. Consists of the Comities of Wentworth and Halton, and contains some of tiie richest, best settled, and most highly cultivated townshijjs in Canada West. The rapid growth of Hamilton, the district town, seems to have given an Impe- tus to the rest of the district, and it has increased in wealth faster, during the I;i.-4 K.e.ihlp upu arils. yuars i)Ui. rroperty. Crist. Saw. 1842 ! 222 098 184.3 1844 j 2()0,842 38 1 \ O 115 130 1G,087 16,577 7873 80J7 980,499. 1,041,713 m i'rt 1 : i-i : t m i'i ', !■ L k ■ 1 ; 66 If r i III I 1 ■ II i: ' ill !1 Government and District Officers in the Gore District. Sheriff. Edwurd Cartwrifrlit Thomas Ifamilton. Registrar Alexander Stewart HeUuoith. Clerk of the Peace S. H. Freeman...,, Han>iiU)ii. Treasurer Henry Measley ... '* Jud{.a' of District Court Miles O'Heilly (^lerk of (h) Andrew Stuart " District Clirk H.N.Jackson *• Inspector of Licenses John Wilson *' Collector of Cust«Mns John Davidson "NVarden John Wetenliall " Crown I.aiuls Agent Peter Carroll " Judge of Siirrogate Court lohn Wilson " Registrar of do. (korge Kolph ** Kiiiigrant Agent John H. Palmer " District Sii|)irinrendent of Schools. Patrick Thornton " Coroner Jolin Ryckman •* yiimhvr oflJamiiiim Schools in opcntlinn in each toicii.slilp in the (wore District. — Barton, six; (Jlanford, five; Saltfleet, ten; Uinhrook, four; l?rantford, twenty- three; OnoiuUiga. four; Ancaster, fifttcn; Dumfries, tw.'nty-nine; Hevi-rly, eif.'hteen; Ksiiuesing, fifteen; NassagaMeya, six; Nelson, fifteen; Trafalgar, eighteen; Kast Flam boro', seven; West Flamboro', nine; Oneida, four; Seneca, seven. — Total, 10.'). G OS FIELD. A Township in the county of Essex; is bounded on the north by the town- ships of Rochester and jMaidstone ; on tiie west by ColelKSter ; m\ the south by Lake Erie ; and on tlie east by Mersea. In (josticid 24, SO.'! acres of land are lakeii up, of wiueii r>,u30 are under cultivation. About lutif tlie iauu iu lliiS townsliip is wet. and requires considerable draining ; the remainder is mostly ex- cellent land. Timber — mapfc, ash, oak, beech, black walnut, butternut, chestnut, &c., with a small (juantity of cedar on the lake, at the mouth of Cedar Crtek. Belle River, and the River Ruscom, take their rise in this township. In the south-east of the township, about four miles from the lake, are found large quantities of iron ore, which produces iron of excellent cpiality. A furnace and foundry have been in operation here since 18'U, and la»"ge quantities of iron have been made. In Gosfield there are two steam grist and saw mills, and one water grist-mill, situated on the lake shore ; and two tanneries, one store and ashery, and a tavern, on Cedar Creek, in the south-west of the township. There are also one JNIethodist and one Baptist chapel. Gosfield is well settled. Population l't38. The Canada Company possess about 6,000 acres in the township. And 200 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8i'. c'y pt r acre. Ratable property in the township, 17,006. GOIJLBOURN. A township in the Dalhousie District; is bounded on the north-oast by the township of Nepean ; on the north-west by Huntley and March ; on the simth- west by Beck with ; and on the south-east by Alarlborough. In Goulbourn 44,714 acres are taken up, i),"!'.) of Mhich are under cultivation. This is tlve best settled township in the Dalhousie District, and contains some good farms. The village of Richmond is situated iu the east corner of the township, and there is one grist-mill and one saw-mill in the township. Ten thousand five himdred and forty acres of Crown hinds are open for sale in Goulbourn, at S.s. c'y per acre. Popidation in 1842, 2,600. Ratable property iu the townsliip .£26,755. 67 lilton. itwortli. 'lium. ^istrirt. — , tw«.'!ity- Hfvcrlv, 'ra till pir, ; Seneca, the town- the soiuh •s of land uu iu llllb nostly ex- chei^tnut, ir Criek. In tbe incl large ruace and s of iron I, and one store and ip. There U settled, es in the uship, at last by the Ithe south- r.oul bourn Ihis is tlve ]od farms. Iisiup, and lisund live at 8.V. c'y COUGICHIN LAKE. A eontinuati»)n of Lake Sinieoe, north of the Narrows Tt is about twc Ive miles loiin'. Liud from tliree to five miles broad. Tlie seiners oi" this small lake is very rom.iiitie; the shores Wmii indented with miny beautiful bays, and the lake itself studded with almost iiinumeral)le islands, varyinj,' in size froui a few s4"J, (1^7. Ratable property iu the township, £10,466. COWHH, NOllTIL A Township in the Dalhousie District; is bounded »m the east and south-east by the IMdeau Canal; on the north-west by Nepean; and on the south-west by Marlborough. In Nortli (lower 17.474 aeres are taken up. ,'3,400 of which are under eultivaiion. Much of the land in this townshii». bordering on the Uideau Canal, is po(U" and stony. Four hundred and thirty ;icres of Crown lauds are open Cor sak' in North Cower, at 8.v. c'y per acre. Pui)Uiiuiou in i642, b^io. Ratable property in the townsliip, £9,r)49. GRAFTON. A Village in the township of Ilaldimand. situated on the eastern road, eight miles east from Cobourg. Population about 200. (Jraftolwich, at the sontli-east border of which it is join<'d by the Ca- nastoga, a bianeh from the west ; it then runs south through Waterloo; in tike south-east of which it is joined by the River Speed, a branch from the townships of (Juelph and Dumfries; when it enters Rrunt ford, and rims south-east to Lake Erie, forming the dividing line between the townships of Onondaga and Tuseu- rora, Seneca and Oneida, passes through Cayuga, and forms the boundary of Canboro". Moulton, and Sherbrooke, on the north and east, and Dunn on tl«e sontii and west. In its course it is very tortuous, sometimes making sudden bends to the east or west, and as suddenly curving back again in the opposite direction. The (''rand River is navigable for large vessels as far txs Dunnville, where the feeder of the Wellaud Canal eutere it ; and for smaller boats to within a (i2 ■;;»: V ) ■ » 68 «hort distance of the town of Brantfonl (sixty miles above Dimn\nIIe). vrlierr s cuiul, tiiree miles in leiij^li, and with three locks, to overcome an ascent in the river of fhirtv-tlirec feel, has been constructed to enable vessels to reach iht" town. In order to render the river naviuMble aliovc iMnmvilie, five locks have- bciMi built, to overcome an ascent of f'oit\ -three feet. Tlieri' are several j:rist and saw mills, and other machinery on the river. IxUli above and tiejow IJr.uit- ford. Thedammingof the river in order to su]i|il\ the WcilandCanal, has caused it to overflow much of the low land near its month. At the termination of the war of lnde|)end( nee. tht> Six Nations Imlians of tlie Mohawk valley, who had taken part with t!ie Uritish auaiiist tiu Anurieaiis, beciinie ajiiu'chensive that conse<|ueivces injuiimis to tiitiM>ei\es mijilit ri'^nlt from their himtiii'\, The original extent of the tract was »'.!*4.;M0 acres, but the preatcr part of this has been since surrendered to the Crown, in trust, to be sold for the benefit of these tribes. And some smaller portions have been either granted in _/cf mini>li to |inreliasers. with the assent of t!ie Indi.iiis, or have been alieiiali'd lij the chiefs upon leases; which, althou'rh Ic'/ally inviilid, the {roverninenl did not nt the time consider it e<|uitable or expedient to euneel. The loUowinj; i^ a list ol the principal surrenders : Jiiiiiiiiiii i.i. (///(//'(/// ««/// (i, 17'.)f*. — The land.s now Ibrminji: the townshij)9 of iMimfries, Waterloo, Woolwich, and Nicliol, exti'ndin^f dow nwanis on lioih sides of the river from the northern extremity of the reserve; and the greater part of the townships ni' ('ar.boro' and .Mcmlton, on the eastern side of tlu; eaitraiice of the (Jrand Hiver — .'t,V_'.7<)7 acres. A/iril \'J, ls;j(J.— The bito of the l«)wn of Hrantford.on the Cirand River— 8(»7 acres. .'//(/•// I'.', Is.Tl.— The northern part of tlie present townsliip of Cayuga, on tJie lower part of tlie river — 20,t'i7(t acres. l-i/inxtri/ f*, IS.'U. — The residue of < 'ayu. Mitirli '1{\, IS.'J.'). — .\ confirmation of all the piecedin;; surrenders. ,/itniiiin/ is, IH41. — The r<'sidiic of th" land, with the exo ptioii of a reserve of liD.iKMi aces, and the lands aetiuilly in the occupation of lndi;ins, amounting to upwards of :i'Ji»,(Mi.i acres. Of the earlier surri'iiders, the greater portion has been ;drea d into tlie confederacy. Hut the community on the (irand Uiver includes also ti few iK'lav.-.ires. Tiitulies, iMuntnivs, Nanticokes, ami some other Indians, to- pc'her with a tew families of Negroes, adopted into the nation. The number of the whole, aeeonliiig to a census taken in lH4.t is •J2:i.'l. Tiny are settled iti Ruiiill baiuLs, divided according to tlieirtribes, or colkclc-d under sepurutecliidit. ! i T f 69 on hoth sides of the river, from tlie Cayupa township line to the south side of file Ilaniiltoii Uoad ; but are at jjresent about to retire altotretlier to the south side. The jrreater part live in loij liouscs. scattered over tliis tract; very few soniparatively livr in villajjes. Of these tliere are properly but tiiree; the ."Mo- hawk. Tusearora, an will he »eeii by tlu' t'ollowinir alistract : — No. of Imliaus holdiiiu no 'luiiroved hmd .'iO do. do. under .'> acris '.)(» do. do. fnuii "i to U) acres S.5 do. do. do. ID to 'iO *' ("17 do. do. do. "id to .')(» " tlf' do. do. do. "in fo ion " :»8 do. do. do. ino to l.">n " ... D fio, do. do. I. "it) t«> 2(H) " 1 In titose eases in which the famiiv has no improved land, the men frcncnilly worii out in the winter, in 'lu spnn,:!' ami summer, and in the early part of the antnmn, they iii^ia.uc as labourers, for which they ri'ce>ve hisrh wajjes. The femaU's remain with their relati(uis, and are supported by the cariiin;;s of \\k nieii. Many of the Indians work on the farms of the w hite settlers during har- viarcneiall_\ secure from the iiitiiivions oi oiher Indiano; and they can transmit their land to their heirs oreoi.vev their interest in it to any othir Indian. If any dis|tutes arise, they are Hubmiltiil to (he chiefs in couneil, v ho decide upon the m.itter. Tliey d.»- pend almost entirely nport h> inintui'.r and fislun'r for a sujiidv of food ; altlioujrh many of tluiu indnlLii' in tliix' sports tor various periods, extending' Irom a foilnijlit to three inontliK, Howard'^ (he close of the year. Their chiel' liu'itiiitr-^;ronnd-are in the townships tiMnsfor many years hefore tlie A nieriean revolution Tile church at the .MolniwU \ !ll:i':c was huilt liv the povcrnnient for tluir use. the jear after the sctllcnuiit. For many years, however, they had no resident nlis^ionary aintmfi tin in ; the nearest elei-fryman lived at Niajrara, seventy miles disiai:t. Alxtut It) years ajxo, a cler^\man was first settled here for the h.'nefif of the Indians, by the '•Company for the Pro- pa^'ation ofthefros|i"l in New F.niziaud. and the parts adjaeent in America."' eoin- nioidy ealh'd tlu'" N>\v I'.ULiiand ('(iin|iany." .Sume atltMitinii iiad heen previously paid to the inhahitants of this nei^ihhonrliood. liy oni' of the niissionariis ot the Society fortlie I'l-oiiauationof the (lospel in Foreifiii Parts; hut hy an arran;.'enu'nt with tiie Ne\v Knpland Company, the care of this siatlnn v as entirely resigned to that coin])any, v. ho have ever since maintained a i\nssionary at tiie Mohawk villa;;e, ki jit the church in rt pair, and have estahllshed several scliools, and a ineehanic,-' institute, for the Indians in and about tlie station. More recently tJiey have establi.dn aj^o. some of the Lower Moliawks left that churcii and attached tlieuiselves to the I'.piscopalian Metho- dists; but lately, part of these have retnru('(l to the <'lnircii. Murini; the last, ■ar, about forty of the Tuscarora tribe joineil the liajitists: theri- are -il^o s(Uiu- iVesleyim Methodists. A cousi('erable number. Iiowevi'r, of llie Ipjicr and are stdl Lower Cayugas, the ( ►noudafias. Seiu-cas. ;nul sonu' of the Ui'lawari Ileatlleus. A iHnirdini: School has been established bv the New I'liulaud Company ii tlie ^loliawk \illa; Tl R' iustriution is e.irried on altoaetiu'r in Lutrlish Fifteen hoys arc hein*j instructed in the several trades of waufron makinff. hla(d\>niith, carpi'iiterin.L', ami shoeinakinir. The iiirls, twi'lve in muidn r. arc taui^ht llouve-keepiTlL', li leMOl , duriuji tin- last ten vears. The iiuuilKr of liall-hreeds »!»■ 111' them is small, not above three in a hundred. The Six Nations Indians are under fln' in the >ame town, who are reimuieraled out of the funds of the tribe. A lariie portion of tlie land on the hanks of the iJrand Hiver is well setiU' in the I'rovinee; aii'l tl" townships dI W'.iii rioo. ut Ix'i'ifT iretiiTally a "nixttirc of iiardwiKid ainl pine. Splendid white oak is found in fjrcjit (|Uanfilies. within a eouM'iiient distauci' froir tiie ri\if; ;md a coiisjde. rahle bnsiiii s, is eai'rit d on in si|uare timber, sa« ed lu!noei;ind st!iv<'s. (ixpsniii (if exc' llcnt ipiality has been toiiiul in hir/;c beds in the isi'lultbourliood of Paris, in the t<»wnship of Oioidii, a"d in Caynv^a; it is innrli used in a!.rienlturt . many unnville. Ca\n"a liid lai.a. York. :">eneca, Cii! lltM'J'lt<44: — Sawed Luniher 6,485,097 feet S(|ii;iv.' Tiiiiln'r 3t)2.'J24 do. i{uuM(l (111 7,J7il do. l*i|)c Staves 4.4'.»4 pi.ees. \v. I. .i.>. •m.:m do. Klour Harrel do Ki.tioo do. S;i\v l.ti^s I,lit2 do. \\'iii>k(y 1") barrils. AnIu'S .'< do. Fiuiir 1.1.124 do Wliiat 2").l).V"i biisiiels. Oals IS do. l*l;t>ier. {jniiiiid and uiigromid 1,.'!!)") tons. Slu'cp Skiii> l.l do. Shin-les , W'h m. (;i{ ANTIIAM. .'\ TDWiisliip in tlie Ni:ii,f:u"l Distriet; i> !)'.)inidet )>_v the township aen-s are tai\i'n n\i. I I.n4;t of whieh ar^' iruler enhivation. Tins is an old setthd ii)svn>iiip, eontaininir some ij^dod tanns. Tiii' town of St. Catharines is Miualed in liip, runs din etiy south till if eiui-rue> tVoni it itito the t(lwn^ilill oi' Tliomld. Mn di of the land in (iran- ihaai i.s liilly. 'I'liere are live jiii>l and two saw mills in the t(iwn>-!iip; of ""hieh four f>:ri>t mills are in the town of St. Cathaiini-s. Mneh of the p ipn- lutrm of the towiisliii)s horderiii;.? on the ir removal ar.' e(.)M'(l. Popniatif •! ill ls42, 'M>'.\2; who are a mixture of Canadians, .\inerican.s, Irish, Siioteli and lvi.:lish. liatalile property iii llie town>liip. C.'i7,()().'). cw.mm: island. An Island in tlu' I'ay of (^>niMit. lo the nirih of Hifr Island, where formerly wiLs u inus.sioiiai'y :^laiion tor the Indiauv It is now de>ened. (juknvii.m:. \ <'onnty in the .lohnstnwn |>i<»riei; it eompri'^es tlie townships of Aii'TU^ta, K Iwai'lshnrirli. South (lower, Oxford and Wolford. It niurns a ineiiiher to thi' House of Assembly. (lUIMSItV. .\ To'vnshlp in the Niajrara I>i>trlet ; is Imundi'd oi. the e:>»t l>\ the fownshp of Clint )n ; ,74J of which are under cnltivali; wiio are principally English and Scotch, with some few lri>ii. T'lt y have a literary club, cricket club and fir • company. The following government and Divtric oiliees are ke;'t in Cnu'lph;— .In lire of District Court, Sheriff, Clerk of I* trict Clerk, Clerk of District <"(nn't, Depmv Clerk of Crowi 'I'leasurer. In-p (liu' of J>ieensi s, J)is- ict tierK, I lerk ot instriet < (un't, l)epu /'/(i//\.v/(i«.v (inil Tniilis. — Four physicians and sm'geotis. two lawyers, three prist mills, one saw mill, one card seven taverns, one b(H>kseller, one < iny: ma<'iime, tbn •e taniu'rus. fifteen stores. Intugist, one priiitii jr otfice. two breweries, two distilleries, one starcii factory, one nursery, six biaekxiniihs. six waggon makers, ei'.dit cabinet makers and house carpenters, tlire-e eooper.s, four i)iuchers two bakers, one confectiotn r. ten tailors, thirteen shoemakers, tlirci' saddlers, ore tinsmith, one sieve maker, one gunsmith, two painters, on.- walchmaKer, thtw chair makers, three stoni' mason^, thiie l>rieklayi rs. two undertakers, o'le lan- ninti-mill maker, two schools, two bank agencies, -(lore" and "Montreal.*' Post office, post every day. There are three good' tavi rns in duelph- the "Pi ,t"-;h Hotel " (thv' principaH, " Farmers' Arms," and " llateiiflVs." GiEiPir. A Township in the NN'ellington District; is bounded on the norfli-east by thr township of Kramosa ; on tiie north-wi'st and wi'>t by the to"n>.i.lps of Nieiiol. Woolwich aiul Waterloo; and on (he soutli-east by 'usiinch. In (Juelpb ■24.47''i acres are take'u up. of whieh li,h4it are- undir cultivation. This is one of the best settled townships in Western Canada. The lard having been taken up generally by respeeiabk' Englisii fairilies, most of whom brought some capital with them. The lami is mostly rolli'ig. and, when the country is well eleared up. will present as fine and pietiires(|ue an appearance as any lownsliip in the province. Excellent wheat is raist'd in this .ind the adjfnniiig townships. T'lV Uivei Speed, u branch of the ' I rund lliver, runs nearly through the cenlru of 73 the township, from north to south. There are in Cfiiolph, three grist niiilft, two of which are in the towi, of (iiielph, and two saw mills. Population of the township in )S4.'), .■!.4(iit. liulabie pmpeiiy iu the towiisiiip, .t'44,-JS,"). CWILFJMi'.l 1{Y. EAST. A Township in the Ifoini' l)i.^tril't•, i.- hounded on tlie novtli hy tlie township of North (JwiJliinhiiry ; on the west ()y West (Jwillinihury; on the so^ith hy ^\'!lilellureil ; and on tiie cist hy Seo.t. In Ivi.sl (iwillinihury, :iS.MS(i ae res are taken up, '.K2\') of wiiieh are under euUivaiion. 'JMiis township has bau sealed altiiut fiirty-tive years; and .'ontaiiis a mixed population eon^istini: prin- elpilly oi' l'eiiu>yl\anian Duteli and their d^.-ev-ndaut-. Canadians and IrisFi, with a few Knirlish and Scoich. Theiv are many wry exeellent farms in the town.-liip. 'I'iie , |,7!l(i. lialable pi'operty in the lown^hip. t'fO,.")jr.. r.WILLI.MUl IIV. WIST, A TowMshp in tlie Simeo' Disiriet; is bounded on the ufH'ili by tlie township of l.iui.-'il: oil tiie 'Vest by T.'cu u-.'t!i; o.i ilie soulh by Ki nr; and ■)!! tin- ■a.>l by Ivist (Iwilliml)ury. In We>t (Iwld.uilmry, 4i).:i2 I aciv^ are taken up, I4.2i)'.> of which are un l>'r eultivatio i. .V sauil portion of the nortii-ea4 corner of tlu» toivnship is cut otf' hy Cook's Hay, a p )i'tion of I/ik • Sinieo,'. Ai extensive m irsli, varying; in bre.idtli tVo.n a •! lai't'r of a mile lo a m'le, and Iv.nler.'d by a lamarae swamp, extends tVom I'le bay to the .*outh-west eorn^r of the to^\ :isii:p. Tiie west biMueii of tlie II )llaa I iMver ru.is t'lr t.uh the eeuuv of this marsh. Tiie east branch enters the township at the llollanl l/andinu, iind runs nearly a north coin>e till it joins the east brancli about tl ree mih s frotn the lak»». Li've tlie we-i braiich, it is b u'der.-d by a br ■ 1 1 ni ir*'i o;i ''le irre ;t 'St par' of lis onrse. Al>.»ve the "Torks" th ■ n.ivf ti »'.i o." tin- east branch is (lil!icult, from the' nii'.n ■r.nis ben 1-! an I sh ■ liwa ss of tli • w.it.r. The stMnutout " iL'aver," however, minajes to a^ic id within four in'les of Ifohanl Limlins?. Tae West braneh is said to b > n ivi^ia' I • for s -ven or i i Hit mil'se,bo\e llradforiL .\i the l>iaill'< I'd Mridiic it is al.oiit ivw u et (hej). The smi of ihe l(>Mii>lirp varies ill ijii.ility: some of it !s very i;ood j other parts a>rain ar<' poor. TIi« siril oi'tiie n>Mih-east of the tow is'aip is li i;!i', li.u of tol 'rahj.' quality. Tiin'yr — pine, inter nixel with <)a!t. popi ir, v*^ -. T!i • w 'st of the towusliip is we!l ^elti • I. an I c >u;ains very t^oo 1 t\i\\i-.. T'le villa i''s of llndfud. I?.i,il lleatl, ttU I .Mi I lletow I, are sit. lateil ia lite tow;is'iip. Two thonvind eiuHit Innt'lred acre.i of Crown lands areop.'ii for sii-j i i tlie towns lip. at Hv. currency per acre. T.ie tow i-!!ii|) i> pr.neipaily setMed hy Iri-*h. .Seoich, Canadians and American». l*opnlation of the towiisiiip in IStJ. J,?'!-'. Itatuble properly in tlie t. wnship, t"! "),:.';» t. (JWII.MMm .;V, NONTII. A Town-iliip in the Home i)iMrict; i.> bounded on the east by tlie fowMs^ip of (ieorifiua; on the iKuJi and west liy IaiUi' Siinci>e ami Conk's Ma_\ ; ami (Ml file sout.i hy Ka-t (iwilliiiilmry. In Ntu-th (iwiUimbiiry ILuhci aeri** are taken up, .'i.4_'t of w!iicli aiv iiniK-r cultivation. A lar^'e por.ion of ih« iiortli and west of the lowuship is lifibl soil, witli pine timber. iiiere an'SMiiw i'ikhI furnis iu the township. In some parts uf the township the ba.nks of tliM •' i\ i 74 ^U w ■W « f»Fl " ■'1 \ Inko arc hijh. in otluTs tlvre is a considorabU' quantify of marsli. Eiurht huii- dri'l aiTes of Crown lands arc opuu for sale in North Gwillinibury, at is.v. ey jh-x acre. l»oiMi!atioit in 1S4-J. C,<.)7. I{atal)k' property in tlic townsliij), £9,588. HALDIMANI) A Connty in thi' Niagara District; it comprises the townsliips of ranboro, ('^lyu'i'a. I>iiiin, Moiilton, Sjkihr.ioke. and for tii>.' purposes of repri-senfation in tile Iie':i!i of titK's only, the tMwnsiiiii.^ of Si'iieca. Oneida, Hainhani and Waipok-. It returns a lueniber to the IJouse of Asseiublv. IIALDIMAXD. A Town>;lii|) in tlie Newcasth' District; is boiincU'd on tlie east by the town 8}iii)S of Crauiahe and IVivy; on the nortli l>y Ahinick; on tlie west by M.unit- ttui; ;tnd on the south by l,ake < biMrio. In llaidiniind 44.1.")7 iieres are taiv^n uj), 17,74 1 oi which are under euhiv;ition. Tlie viliare of (Jraflon is sitnat-d in tliL' south of the t(»wusliip, on the ea>tern road. 'I'he nortli of the towiislii^) (MnsistN unr.; filiated on the (Irand l?iver, about (Mil' (laarter of a mile from l>uiinville. li coiila.ns about mmn inhahiuints: om; gr.lsi-mill; tw o saw mills; two taserns. HALL'S .MILls. (.v. Wistminsti-.u.) H ALLOWI'.LL. A Toxn»!iip in the Princ' K hv.rd I>i>tri't; is boun led :>u the nortli h\ Soplii,ishui'j;'t and ih' IVi\ of' (J|uiiitr; nn tli e;iM by Mary^iiur^h: on llu' Miiith by Atho ; and on the Wi's- by Lake Oitario, and the t'iw!i>h:i) of IliUiet llalluweil. co'itains ;)S.t)2.j ;\eres; ls.74 fJiis tow !slr|); it is cou'ieete 1 widi Lik' Oniario by ;i \ vy shurl u arrow eh i-»- iiel. The east jiorriosi of " VVe>i Lake" i^ marshy. Tli- town of i*ict m is in tills .ow'isliij). Tii-re .ire I'o'ir ^r.s; a id t n saw- uills in tli • hiwuship. Popu: ..ion in 1S42 (not iueluliuu: the tow.i of Pioioi). 2122. ivaiui J pri/porty in the township, it;.'?.ss). HAL ION. Fast .V r mty in thf (lo-o District; c )Ujiri«.-« tli- townships o^'Ueverly, Ks'inesini. •jst I'l imhor.*', W ■>! I'lamh >ro', X.issi;aw va, N'elsou. tad Tratal;.'ari an I for ■41 |air,i>ses, e\o 'p! that t f rv.'| '\ s 'ut it'oii ii the Leirislativi- A-^seinhly. tlae tv. nship of I) am Vi.>H; aid tor in • p»i\)ov'of ropreseiit ition in tlte L'j!slati\x' .V>soii.'r'y only, ilii- towusiiip of Krn). I returns a meuik-r to tiic House of Aavnli V. — HAMHI lU;. \ Vdlape in the township of Wilmot; two miles from TIaysvll'e, .ind twcnfy- two miles fioiii *• lit; situated on Smiiii'*; I'ri I'k. It w;is hud out in lH;t7, and o inliabituuti^: two citurohi s, .Methudist At^. /a J'rnfrssions anil Trailvs. — One jrrist-mill. oiinlinar macliino atnl fiillinjr-mill, distilli-ry, four stores, one Uivern, one vajitron nuiker, one blacksmith, onu tailor, two shoe makers. nAMii/rox. Tl. l^istriot Town of the fiore lUstrici. in t!n' to'viishlp of Harfon nnnnt of the swamp rn tlie vieiniiy of tin- l)ay, the pri leipal part of the town lias heen plaeed ahout u mile haidv frmn the hay, on a p'ntly risi-iL"^ ijroiind. Innnediati'i} h-diind the town rises tlii' nioimtain (to the hi'iiiht of at li'roae>i nearer than l^nrlin^ton I5eaeh. almnt ten niili^ trom the town, where a ('usinm- lionse ami warehouses wer«' established. Smee the opiiiin;! of the eannl. thu trade of the to\^n has increased rapidly, and it is now the principal mai'Ket for tlu' western niereliants. \ii immeiise anmunt of ;.()o.|s is ammally imporieiL Kxcelleiit freestone and limestone are proenred from the mo'iiitain. which aru (rf ^rreat advantaire to tin- t(i\< -v ■: 'Se mercinints are beirinninjr to bnill almost exe'.nsively of stone; and the town promises in a lew years to beconu' one of tlie haiKUoinesi on the eontineiil ot' Aim-riea. .Minv bniidii'L's are already efi'Cted with cut sioiie fronts; anioiiL!' the Inindso'iiest of ihese. :ire the (ioif Bank and the l»;uik of Hritisli .\ortli .America. 'J'lie streets are wtll laid out. Sonu' years since, ii |iers(in otf^red to supply the town with water, conveycAl from a spring'' on llie moiinlirm ;ibove tin i(n\ n ; tlf lieiuht of whicli would Ikini; allowed of the Wider h 'iii^' eaia'i'-d to tin' ver_\ ton of ev ry Innis^'; \n\<^ ideil tiie nionoi»oly \v;is secured to him for a eert;iin nnnihi'r of \(;irs. Hi- oil. r. 'ii>w- fwr, was (leeliued; had it heen ;ieci'ded to, i; voiild li;i\t' been ol immeiisn^ hiiii tit to the town. The first disii'ici couri w;is he'd in Ilamiltoii in the y.nr ls_>:;, '("lu- town was iiicorp HMted in 1 >•"'?. ;iiid in the s.inie M'jir sent a reiu'i ■.entaliv" to tlni lloiisi' of As-i-nibiy. Till' poi)iil;itioii of ihimilton. accordin,;i to a census taken in the sumuh'r of IS4.">, is fU7."». l-vc.llriit ro;ids now >tret< li away in ever\ tlin'etain. and st;iet;oii. I'ort l>o\ ( r. ( >';ill avil (Jiielpb, .N'iu:;ar;i and St. CatharineN, ;iiid 'I'oronio, and three lime- a-weck for (I. it 'rich. The I'.r tiv|i steamboats " r,elip>e"' and *' Qu.'cn." have ver which is fin >.,,\\\\ liall, coii- tainiiif; a nxnn iiiiieiN by fifty I'e.'t. ;i; d fii'ic'ii leet hi;h). eiisfom hi.n>e. jiost (iHiie. p'llici' oliice. en;:im hoii.-i' ( \\ itli two i n/iin-s ), .uid t:i-;ilr.'. There \W eie\cii churehes and idnipels, viz., r,;>i>eop;il. l*re>h_M( rum. Catliolie, V\'\W ('hu"eh, S<'Ci's-!ou. <"oniife ratioiiiil. Wcslvy:in MeiliobM. KMrson .Methodist, I'^inadiaii Wcslcyan. and two for eoloiired p. ople, Hiipti>t and .Methixlisf. 'I Here ari' two socUiUs establi .f.ed tor chaiilab'e |iui po>es. " St (ieoiyeV and •' Si. Vndrt'w's." 'I'hei'e are two m\\> and ••eadiiiir romnsin the town tim *• ('(nnnirrei.il Ncms l?ooni.'' establi ■bed ;ind suj'ported by nieaiw of a >nb.«'Tip- tion amon<;st some of tlie nuichants of the jihici- ; and " Ihill's New>. Urom." irtraehed to the (lazette ' )ftice, wlu i\' the following.' in «-p.ip rs an 1 i« riodleaht niav h.- •cell; *Iniiire;il 'I'imes. Coinier, Transcript. Canada (lay.vttc. (S.i.rette. ;ind Her;)!il; Toronto !lriii-h ( :ina'li;in, Ibrdd. Hrlisli t'c'oni^f. {'A<\\x jmil Ihitt'cr; K-:,u- Ktitai ('hnmiele, liiitish Whig. News; iiOtKloii (.<'.NV.) Times ;NV(MMl.stuck Hi raid ; '! ! ii •I i I ■ I i II ii 1 lll I i! L ^■ i ■ ( 1 t ; t ^iii I i 1 n Ml 76 Cinolph Herald; PctorboroThroniclc; Brockvillo Recorder ; Dumfries ronrior; (Utawu Advocate: 'I'l Brock ville Statesman, Niajrara Chronicle, and Arjfus; imawa .Advocate; i iiu <'linrcli; ("olxinrji- Star; \V(»()s>inl)ly are also kejit lu're. 'I'liere is al>o a .Mechanics' Instiuile. Three newspapers ar" pid)lislied licre, "the '• Hamilton Ca/etie,' " Jom-nal and K.vpress,"' and " Herald." Sir .Mian McN;d) has a hand.some mansion, called *' J)undurn,"' a short distance out of the town. Amoimt of ratable projierty in the town of Hamilton. i.'I()'t.!)!)S. J.isI <)/'( inn iiiiiK lit find lJi.\liirl i Ijlins In fit in J/iiinilliiii. — Sheriff. Clerk of Peace, Treasurer. .Indjjc of District Comf. hisjiector of Licenses. Collector of Custoni.s, W'anlen, Jutlue of Surrogate Court, IJeuistrar of do. Crown Lands A;re!it, iaiiiuratil .\,u-ent. Superind ndeiit of Schools, District Clerk. Clerk of District Court. Coroner, ne;:isirar (d" county /''///.v nun 'J'ldi/fs, — Nine pliysiclans and sur;.:eons, sixteen lawyers, tliree breweries, ten Mliolesale importers of dry floods and frroceries, five im- porters of liar(lw;irc, fort} -nine stores, f\vo foniidries. four priutinir olliees. three booksellers, ihive chemists, six!\-ll\' • laveriis, two taunt ries. three cuachnui niak o soa p and catidle (aetories. four aiiei imal' oneei's. fiv( (Mien eleven ca kers biuet k(. rs. three wa'.chmakers, six bakers, ten shoi makers, three aunsuiiths, three Cfuifcctioners, fourteen •jrocerics, eleven beer shops, six builders, five stone nia.sous, five tinsmilhs. ibur hati.rs. fourteen tailor-, eifiht painters, one nuirblc aud stoui' works, tliiric niths. three ladies sennnaru's, t\\o schools lor bov' Kh North .Anuiica. di I'linri/iiil 'i'linriis mill Slmir I'ltiisr.i, — "Week's (late Press's) I'oyal I'.:*- lauue." and the " C«» mnereial. 'i'hc fornu'r contains above sixtv rooms. /..iii'l Aiiiiits. — J. T. (iiikix.n. Kiuii' .Sireet; Alex. <;ien, Kiny Street; and Wedd. — Street. (> III III Houth issiun Miii-lunils anil S/iijiiiiin/ Aiii'iilx.— 'Sl. W. ^: I'. Ib'owne, Land iH» Stmir mill Sininihiiitt Fiirrs j'nuii l/(ii)iillcc. Cum I v.iiH'c. fi 'ioronto i'er Ton Dovi r Do. London Do. Calt Do. Cuelph Do. St. < atluinues l>o. ToronU) Per Do Do. Qiietn.ston and Niagara Do. Siafje steamer l!elip do. '2i\ :\ li.") do. ;) o. ha lie Is Wheat, bushels Lmiiber nu>;inls), teet ' Wt-st India Staves, pieees ' 1 llpe do. do lleer, ba ri'e Is Apples. bii>hels Asiies. barrels Pot Marley, do Oats, biislu'ls ' Kiiiiie, toisi's liarlfv, bushels I'ota loes. do Merihaml se, cuts l><>mesiie .Maiiiilac tires, ewts ' Otiier .Merciiandise, do Tolls collected at BurliiKjlun IJiti/, in the years \^\^ and 1844: — In 184;j jCMtSt) «» lu l;.-<44 •i\y.v.\ (» 4 2 lucrease £940 10 10 HAMILTON. A ToTTiiship in the Newcastle District ; is bound 'd i>n the east by the fown- sliip of llaidiniand ; on the north by Kiee Lake, and a jxirlion of South J/ike ; un t!ie \\\st by Hope; and on the south by l,ake ( bitario. In Hamilton 41>,iV,):t acres are taken up, •il,.")^? ot" Mliicdi ;uv und.T eultivaMon. Kiee I/ake occupies a larj^e portion of the nortli of the township. The town of ("obonri! is situated on the lake shore, near tlie centre of tiie south of the townsliip. Hamilton is well settled, and possesses excellent fanus. Tiiere arc six grist (iiid seviiiteen saw-mills in tile township. l'o|»nlation in 1S4"J, -1774. liatable property in the township, 84,274. HAini:v. A Township in tlic Tolbornc Histriet; is bounded on the oast by the town- sliip of llurli'iL'li; it'« and ILnnismore. Ilarve} was oiajrinally well settl.'d, by ciniuiants from the oln i-ountr}, but tindinu the ureatiT part ot the township until for cultivation, they left it, and it is now almost ileserted. Two hundred iUTCK only are taken up, forty of wliich are under cultivaticm. It is separated from Smith and Knnismore by a chain of Laki's. a larac portion ot wliich stretch across tlie centre of the towuship. There is u grist aud suw-mill iu the 78 m m ' 1 1 1 w H'ift' j> 1 1 township. In Harvey .17,277 acres of Crown lani>;iiuj'' of reddish Uiani, with interveuin;^ rid^eS of sandy or ifraveMy hnmi. 'riuiliei' — wiiite oak, bhick "valnut, maple, heecli, liiekory, hass-wood. kS;e. &e. ; and on the hike >iiore nu»v l>e loiuid ii(hir. hoth wtiite and r.d. .Met J re ^or"-- ereck runs a^ro-s liie i<.\>ii>liip to its iiortU- westerii corner, where it enters tlie J'iiauiis. This townshi|i is well settled, eou- fciiniiiir IMt^i iniiahitauts. Harwich contains a mixed population. Tlie Canada Company possess :i,tlu() acn s ill llarwicii. At the south. 'ru fxtremiiy of this towiisiii|i is tile Kond ii .n, to wliieli liarhour an e\ceil<-iit road lia^ lately heen formed frtini ('liaiiiam. Amiouui ot' latahie |iro]ierty in the town>iiip .i;j.i,:iuy. 'J'he town of Chatiuiiii is partly .sitn.iTed in Harwieli- HA.sriNc;.^. A (\)nnty fortnim; the \'ietoria Histriet : it comprises tlu' followins town- shi|»s — I'.lzevir. tirini.>thorp. Ilii.iueri'ord. Huiitin^i!o)i, Lake, Marniora, Madoc, Kawdon. SvdiK-v, Tudor, Thurlow, and Tveiidenai>a. It returns a member to the House of A.sscinhly. — HA'I'.sriHLD. A vilUifie in the township of I'lantascnet four miles south of the Ottawa; (xmtains about ei.j;hty inhahiiauts ; jirisi and .^aw mill, one store, two taverns. HAWKKSIU itV KAST. A Township in the Ottawa District: is hounded on the east by Lower Canathi; on the nortli hy the Ottawa Uivrr; on the west hy Hawkeshury \N\.st ; and on the soutli by iiOidiiel. In Kast Hawkeshury •24,t>;J7 acres are taken uj). Four tliou.sand seven linndi'fd and forty-six of which are under cultivation. The land in this township. |:u(ieiilail\ that horderinii on the Ottawa, is mostly jioor and cold, and much ; f ,t is wet. 'IMiere is a settlement in the soutti of tiii' township, called " Kast Hawkeshury Miils," containing,'' jirist, saw and cinntal nulls. Theve are four {rrist and seven .^aw mills in the townshij). (.)ne thousand two huudvd and nin ty-six acres of C'rown lands in Hawkeshury East are open fiu" sale, at J<.v, currency \kv acre. Population, \.\:>\. Ratable projierty in the townsliip, t'l.'^jlMti. HAWKKSIH'RV, WKST. A township in tlie Ottawa District; is hounded on the east by East Hawkes- bjiry; on the north hy tin' (Utawa; on the west by I-onj:ueil and Calrdonia; and on the soiitii hy l.oeliii!. In Wist Ma" keshniy, ii.'),4.V.t acres are taken up, 7,2(11 of which are under cultivation. The land of this townslii]) i> similar to that of Ea>t Hawkeshury. Hawihury village is situated in the nm'lh of the township; and IfaMkcshury .Mill>, the larjivst >awin 'I'Ik' ( aiiiida luiiy of iliis ■i iati'ly l)i.i n hip £i:),-2()S. wni!; to\rn- lor.i. Maikif, I iin'inhL-r to he Ottawa ; o taverns. ■r ('ana(>a; St ; and on up. Four 'llu- land poor and township, al uiills. i>and two are open Hawkes- I'alrdonia; ' laiveu up, similar to )rlli of the in Canada .K l\'.s of 'I'lierc are ' I // 79 H AWKI'SnrRY VILLAGE, on TIEADPORT. A Village in tlio townsliip of lla\vkesl)ury NW-st, situated near the Ottawa, four miles i-ast of L'Oriirnal. It contains alxuit I'.'jtl inhabitants. Chnrehes uimI diapels two; viz.. Kpiseopal anhi. hilts tor sawing lumber in Canaila, giving iiii|)loyme;it to b.'tMi-,ii two and tlirei hundri.d hands. Mere are a grist and three saw niiil.s, >u>re, and vari(Hi.s mechanic- Mipported by tlie establisiimenL II A V. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north by the township of Stanley, on iln' wfst by liaki- Huron; on the south by Stephen; and on tim.- oiist by 'riicUirsiniih and I'sbnrne. The soil is uood, witli tlie exeei)ti(Ui of the laiid bordei'ing on ilie lake, 'i'lure is a post ofiiee in tlir south-east corner of the township, on the London road. Hay contains ;t."i,C)S4 acres, '3,'M[ of which are leased or sold; of whicdi -i'.ir are inider cnltivatioiu Population, 1 1:$. llatable property in the township. t'l.Ti'o Kis. HAYSVILLE. A small MilaLTc in the town.>li:i> Wiiniot, situated on the Huron road, twenty-two miles Ironi <;alt. It i about seventy inhabit;inis, grist ai.d saw mill, one store, two ta\erns. (ui. uieksmith. 1 1 1: A 1 H'ORT. - ( See IlAwiiKsnruv.) HELMSPOKT, ou "THE JUNCTION." A small Settlement in the toM iiship of Crowland, situated at the junction of the main channel of the Welland (.'anal with the feeder from the (Jrand River, fifteen miles from St. Catharines. It contains about sixty iniiabiumts, two storeij, two taverns, one blacksmith, one tailor, one shoemaker. HEN AND CHICKKNS. A group of Islands, fonr in number, situated in the west of Lake Erie, about nine miles west from Point Pele Ishiiid. The largest island, called "The lieu," oontaJus about five acres of "ood land, the other three are mere roeksi. HEYWOOD'S BAY,— (.sVc Great Manitoulin.) HIUHERT. A Townsliip in the TTnron District; is bounded on the north-cast hy the townships of .\lcKillop and Logan; on the north-west by Tuckersinith; on iIr- south-west by I'sborne; and on the southeast by Fullarton. Most of the land in this township is good. A branch of the I'ayfield river runs through the north of thetownsiiip. Hibbert contains 4"J,;jUt) acres; 21UU of which are leased or sold, of which 172 are under cultivation. Population, '.!."). Ratable property in the town.sliip, £751 12«. HILLIKR. A Township in the Prince F.dward District; is bounded on the north by tlie township of Anielia>burgh, Weller's l{ny, (.'onsecon Creek and liake Ccmsecon; on the east by Sophiashurgh and Ilalluwell; and e . the south ;uul west by Lake .)M i !■ l!i i il ifjii! ''W li § 1 I ; i ■ 1' L i I ■.% W. w. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) ^ A ^ IL fc 1.0 I.I 1^ n^ m m lU u 140 ■ 2.2 !■■■ 12.0 '•2^ i '-^ illi4 ^ 6" ► Photograpiiic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WIUTH.N.Y. 14SM (7U)t7a-4S03 o Va^ 80 i .1, t f Ontario. Hillicr contains 30,717 acres, 16,400 of which are under cultivation. Three small buys, called Young's Lake, Pleasant Hay, and Hugh's IJay. run into the township on its west side. 'I'he township is well watered hy several creeks running into these bays. The village of Wi'jiington is situated at the south-east corner of the township. There are four grist and twelve saw mills in the township. From the loose manner in which the census Mas last taken in this township, it was impossible to ascertain the population with any accuracy. liatable property in the township, 4.'41.6;)7. HlNOIilMJROOKK A township in the IMidland District; is bounded on the cast by the township of Hedford; on the nort'i by Kennebuc and Olden; on the M-;'st by Stdrriiigton;. and on tiie south by Portland. A large lake, having an island in its centre, is situated a little west of the centre of the township; and several small lakes are scattered over it. Fifty thousand acres of Crown lands are ojien for sale in the township, at 8,v. currency ])er acre. Ilinehinbrooke has only lately been opened for sale, and no return has yet beiiu made from it HOLLAND. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by the town- sliip of Euphrasiii; on the north by Sydenham; on the west by Sullivan; and on the south by (Henelg. Tiiis township has only lately been surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. HOLLAND LANDING, ST. ALBANS, or BEVERLY. A Village on Yonge Street Road, thirty-two miles north fioni Toronto ; situated jiartly in the township of East, and partly in West Gwillimbury. It is til rec miles from the steamboat landing on the Holland River, and ten miles from Lake Siuicoe. The place had been jiartiully settled for some years, but was not laid out as a village till the yeiir 18.15. it is situated in the midst of hills; and the east branch of the Holland River runs through it. During the season, the steambtu't "Beaver" leaves tlu' Holland Hiver for Barrie and Orillia every Monday, Wi'dnesday and Friday, returning on the alternate days; and a stage leaves Holland Landing every morning at six o'clock, for Toronto. There a.v two churches — Ei)iscopal and MethodisL Population, ahout 'ifiO. Post office, post three times a week. Pri)J'i'.ssiiiiis and Txtdts. — One i)!iysician and surgeon, one lawyer, one prist and saw mill, one brewery, one distillery, carding inaehine and fulling mill, one tannery, one foundry, four stores, four taverns, one druggist, one saddler, one wjiggoii maker, oiu- baker, one cabinet maker. one watchmaker, one fanning-inill maker, one tinsmith, one blacksmith, two tailors, two shoemakers, one ladies' seminary, one bank agency — " rommercial."' Quantity of wheat pureliased at Holland Landing, fVom September, 1844, to May, 1845, about 55,000 bushels. K HOME DISTRICT. Consists of the County of York and the City of Toronto. The county of York is divided into four ridings, each returning oiu' nu'mber to the Legislative Assembly. The north riding comprises the townslii])s of Brock, North (Jvil- Umbury, East Ciwillimbury, (leorgina, Mara. Reach, Rama, Seott, 'I'iiorah, I'xhriage and Whitchurch. The south riding comjirises the townships of F.tobicoke, King, Vauglian, and York, and for the purposes of registration of titles only, the city of Toronto. Tho east riding comprises the tuwnsiiips of r: ; II 81 Markham, Pickerino:, Scarborough, and ^V^litby; and the west riding com- prises the townshijjs of Albion, Calodon, Chinguacousy, Toronto Gore, and Toronto township. , The Home District is situated nearly in the centre of the Province, and is bounded on the east by the Newcastle and Colborne Districts; on tlie north by the Simcoe District, Lake Sinieoe, and Lake Gougichin; on the west by the Simcoe, Wellington, and Gore Districts; and on the south by Lake Ontario, i'lie Home District has been settled about fifty years, and in 1709 it contained only 224 inliabitants. This district comprises a great variety of soil, and also a considerable dif- ference in point of climate; the townships bordvriug on Lake Simcoe being about 530 feet above Lake Ontario. The land for from two to three miles back from the margin of Lake Ontario, is generally rather poor and sandy, with the excep- tion of the cedar swamps, the soil of wiiich is very rich. As you recede fnmi the lake, the land improves in quality; and at fnmi four to five miles from tlie lake you frequently come iipon splendid M'heat land. A suceessitm of pine ri lg''s traverses the district ; running through the north of Whitby, and south of IJeacli, the centre of Cxbridge and Wliitclmrch, the centre of King and Albion, and the north of (."aledon ; and from thence into the Simcoe and Wel- lington Districts. The district is watered by the Credit, II umber, Don, Houge, and thi' Holland Rivers, and the Etobicoke and Dullin's (."reek; besides mune- rous other small streams, many of which are excellent mill streams, and are well studded with b;)tli gri^^t and saw mills. The Nottawasaga lliver also takes its rise in this district. The northern townships in the district, although en- joying a fine climate, and containing excellent land, have hitherto been kept very much in the back-ground tf which, application must be made to the Crown Lands Agent, at Toronto. These lands are situated prineipaily in the townships ot Mara, G.'orgina, Last and NtH'th (Jwiliimliury, Rrock, I'horah. auu Ranui. Nearly ■)o,lM)0 acres of land huvu been brought into cultivation between January, li:t42, and .lanuary, 1844. Copulation of the district in 1842, .')8,d53 ; since when it bai probably increased one-htth. I ilij. 1! !• I 1 1 I' 82 The following abstract from the Assessment Rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district : — No. of Dnte. Acres jCultivatcit, M I I, L s. Grist. 1842 270,.') 12 1843 283,600 1844i 300,301 Oxen, 4 years Horned Cattle, . Amount of Milch Cows. old, and from 2 to i i liatable I npwards. i years old. i Property. ' i 6448 10,331 67i»l 9,826 6173 10,130 £789,780 831,433 878,732 Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Government and District Officers in the Home District : Judge of District Court Robert Fusion Rurns Toronto. Slieriff Wni. Rotst'ord Jarvis (Jlerk of Peace George (Jurm'tt Treasurer Jiinus S. Howard ... Registrar Samuel G. Hidout ... Judge ol' Surrogate Court lion. S. R. Harrison.. Registrar of do. Williaiu ( 'howett 1*0. Inspector of Licenses James MiDouell Do. Crown Lauds Agent Tlionuis liaiut-s Do. District Clerk l(ihn Kiliot Do. Clerk of District Court Walter McKeuzie ... Do. L>eputy Clerk of Crown None Warden Edward W, Thomson Do. ^ Tlumias IJell Do. District Superintendent of Schools Auditors , Coroners . Robert Heekman...... Do. Hamilton Himter Do. A. Smalley N. Gwillimbury. Geo. Duggan Toronto city. 1). Rridgford Vaugluui. (Jeo. Walton Toronto city. W. R. ("lew Do. F. Osborne Thorah. M. Macdouagh Mara. Jas. Adamsou Toronto township. J. ("larke Wliitby. Niiinhrr nf (^winion Sr/inols In oy»i nitioii in iliv /.'/>// ict. — Wliitl)}', twi nly-ono ; Mark ham, twenty-three; I'iekeriug, twenty -one; Wliiteliureh. sixteen, Vaugh;.u, eighteen; Toronto, twenty-two; Cliinguaeousy, twenty-three; York, twenty- three; Ftobieoke. six; Searborougli, nine; (^ore of Toronto, four; North (avil- linibury, three; Fast Gwillinibnry eleven; (ieorgina, live; Reach, niiu'; Ix- bridge, lour; Seott,one; Tliorali, four; Kifg, tM'ent\ ; IJrock, eleven; Albion, thirteen; Culedou, thirteen; Mara ansible to capture it. It was at length destroyed. The island is uuiuliubited. HORTON. A Townsliip in the Rathurst District; is bounded on the north-east by the ()rtaw;i River ; on the iiorth-wi'st by the township of Ross ; on the soutli-wi-st by Admaston ; and on tlie south-east by McXab. In Horton ir).8i)7 acres are taken up, 'J,1SI of wiiich are under euliivaiion. This is a small township, having souu' large lakes in it. There is some good land in the township. Nineteen tlu)u>and sl\ hundred acres of (.'rown lands are open for sale in Horton, at S.v. c'y per acre. There are one grist and two saw-mills in the township. i*op\i"lation in 1842, r)44. Ratable proinrty in the township, £7,989. HOUGHTON. A township in the Talbot District ; is bounded on the north-east by the township of NValsingham; on the west by Rayham, and on the south by Lake Erie. In Hougliton 9,8'iO acres are taken up, l,8t).'t of which are under cultiva- tion. This is a small wedge-shaped township, the timber of which is principally pine. There are six saw-mills in the townsliip. Pi)p\il;itioii in 1S41, 277. Ratable property in the township, £r),491. IIUNVARD. A Township in the county of Kent, in the Western District •. is bounded on the north Ity the River 'I'hanu'S ; on the south-west by the townshipof Harwidi; on the nortli-ea^t by tin township oH M-ford ; and on the south by Lake Krie. In Hi)\v;ird .■i.").")iU acres are taUen up. (i.r)4.") of whieii are under cultivation. The soil of the gr -ater i)art of this t )wnship is a tine liglit loam, intenni^ld with gravel, being very easy of cultivation. .VIeGregor's Creek runs across the townsliip. O.ie hundred a<'res of Crown lands are open for sale in Howard at 8.V. c\ per acre, and the Canada Coui|iaiiy possess about 4,.")(H) acres in the to\Miship, Tliere are in tin- townsliip three grist and six saw mills, of which number one grist and three-saw mills are on Rig Creek, a stream running into l^ake Erie. 'I'iiere is an Episcopal Church in Hos\ard, Howard is w.ll settled, an I 84 10,500 Bushels of Wheat, valued at £1,968 15 114,000 Pipe Staves " " 1,:>82 10 169 Barrels Pork, " " 338 Some seasons, as much as 100 hogsheads of Tobacco have been shipped front this township, but latterly, from the diminished duty imposed upon tobacco from the United States, the crop has become unprofitable, and the farmers have con- sequently discontinued the cultivation. Population in 1845, 1,896. Ratable property in the township, £22,122. HULLETT. A township in the Huron District ; is bounded on the north-east by Crown lands ; on the west by the townships of C'oiborne and Goderieh ; on the south- west by Tuckersmith ; and on the south-east by McKillop. A branch of the Maitland River runs through tliis township. The soil is generally {:ood. Hul- lett contains 35,941 acres, 3,960 of which are leased or sold, of which 324 acres are under cultivation. Population 195. Ratable property in the township, £1,470. 4s. HUMBER RIVER. Takes its rise in the township of Vaiighan, and follows nearly a south course to Lake Ontario, forming the boundary between the townships of Etobicoke and York. The village of Weston is situaved on the Humber, in the townsiiip of Etobicoke, and there are several grist and saw mills on it. HUMBEIiSTONE. A Township in the Niagara Di&irict; is boiiuded on the east by the township of Bertie; on the north by Crowland; on the west by Wainfleet; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Humberstone 20,484 acres are taken up, 6,596 of which are under cultivation. Humberstone contains good land; but many of the farms are not well cultivated. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 1,376; who are principally Pennsyivanian Dutch and their descendants; with a small mixture of Canadians, Americans and Germans. Ratable property in the township, £23,7o4. HUNGERFORD. A Township in the Victoria District; is bounded on the east by the township of Sheffield; on the north by Elzevir; on the west by Huntingdon; and on the south by Tyendenaga and Richmond. In Ilungerford 19,472 acres are taken up, 3,933 of which are under cultivation. A small lake is situated near the centre of the township, having several small streams running into it. Tht» Moira River takes its rise in this lake, and leaves the township at its south-west corner. There are four grist mills and one sawmill in the township. Five thousand four hundred and fifteen acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Hungerford, at 9s. currency per acre. Popula'.ion in 1842, 880, who are principally protestant Irish. Ratable property in the township, £10,715. HUNTINGFORD. A Settlement in the east of the townsiiip of Zorra: it contains about fifty in- habitants, an Episcopal church, a tavern, and a blacksmith's shop. HUNTINGDON. A Township in the Victoria District ; is bounded on the east by the township of ilungerford; on the north by Madoc; on the west by Rawdon; and on th« 85 south by Thurlow. In Huntingdon 20,299 acres are taken up, 5,509 of which are under cultivation. There is a small lake in the north-^ast corner of the township. Huntingdon is well settled, and contains some good farms. There are three saw mills in the township. One thousand one hundred acres of Crown lauds are open for sale in Huntingdon, at 8s. currency per acre. Population in 1842, 1,099; who are principally protestant Irish. Ratable property in the township, £14,r)90. HUNTLEY. A Township in the Dalhousie District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of March; on the north-west by Fitzroy; on the south-west by Ramsay ; and on the south-east by Beckwith. In Huntley 30,626 acres are taken up, .'5,727 of which are under cultivation. This township is getting well settled: there is some good land in it, but a considerable portion of the timber is pine. A branch of the Mississippi River and Carp River run through the township. Fourteen thousand and seventy-nine acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Huntley, at 8s. currency per acre. There is one saw mill in the township. Population in 1842, 1771. Ratable property m the township, £16,686. HURON DISTRICT. Consists of the County of Huron, which returns a member to the House of Assembly; and comprises the following townships: — Ashfield, Biddulph, Blan- shard, Colborne. Downie, EUice, South Easthope, North Easthope, FuUarton, (loderieh. Hibbert, Hay, Hullett, Logan, McKillop, McGillivray, Stephen, Stanley. Tuekersmith, L sborne, and VVawanosh. All the townships, except the first and the last, which belong to the Crown, are the property of the Cauad* Company, and were formed out of the Huron Tract, which was purchased from the (.'rown by the Canada Company in the year 1827. The Huron Tract was declared a district in 1842 ; previous to which time it formed a part of the Lond cuirency each); to purchase any of which application must be made to tliw Crown lanils agent at Goderich. Population in 1845, 13,500. 1^ i ;•'* ■MB !! lil 1 ,tl 86 The following abstract from the assesstnent rolls, will show the rate of In* crease and improvement in the district : Date. No. of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Milch Cows. 1 Oxen 4 years old, and upwards. Horned Cattle, frcm 2 fo 4 years old. ' Amount of IJatable Grist. Saw. j Property. 1842 1843 1844 20,355 24.844 30,816 7 7 8 17 20 21 2,519 2,967 3,304 1,709 1,943 2,465 1,713 2,035 2,046 £ 91,120 ; 10(;,H62 1 127,290 1 Gorcrnment and District Officers in flic Huron District : Judge of District Court A. AcIdvuI Ciodorich. Sheriff John McDonald Do. Treasurer Henry Hansford Do. Clerk of Peace Daniel Lizars Do. Rejiistrar John Gait Do. Collector of Customs Do. Do. Inspector of Fish Do. Do. Inspector of Licenses Cliarles AVidder Do. Superintendent of Schools John Bignaii Do. District Clerk 1). Don Do. Clerk of District Court Jolm Cohille Do, Warden "NV. Dunlop Do. Coroner... Geo. Fraser..... Do. No. of Common Schools in operation in the Huron District. — Aslifield. one • Biddulph, tlirec; IJlai shard, none; Colborne, one; Downie, tAvo; Kllice, one; North Kasthope, tMo; South Eastlio|)e, two; Fullarton. none; Jlibbert. none; Ilullett, one; Hay and Stephen two; Stanley, one; ]Me(Jillivray. two: I'sliorne, seven ; Goderieh, seven ; Wawanosh, none; McKillop, one ; Tuekersniitli, tliree; "Williams, three. Total, thirty-nine. HURON LAKE. The second lake in point of size in Canada. It is 218 miles in length, aii township of West Oxford, situated on the])lank road, twenty- two miles east from London, and ten miles Wfst from Woodstock. The i-ii^-t branch of the River Thames rims tlmnigh it. Ingersoll was laid out in IS.'jl, and now contains nearly 400 inliabitants. There is an F,i)iseopal Church in the viliasre, and a Free Church and a ]Methodi--t do. in course of erection. The regi>*try office fiu" the county of Oxford, is kept in Ingersoll. Post Office, post every day. ]^r(>t'i'nsi(ins (iH'l Trades. — One grist and two saw mills, one carding niac]iine and fiiUinir milL, foi:ndry, one bivM'ery, one distillery, one tannery, one iislicry, one physician and surgeon, one cabinet maker, two chair factories, one carriage maker, two wngson makers, seven stores, two taverns, two Groceries, one bilker, on.' tinsmith, one saddler, one fanning-mill maker, five blacksmiths, three tailors, three shoemakers. Land Anient. — Edward Merigold. INNISFIL. A Township in the Simcoe District; is bounded onthenortli by Ki'mpenfeldt Bay and jnirt of the township of Vespra; on the west by Fssa; on tlie south by West Gwiilimbury; and on the east by Lake Simcoe and Cook's Bay. In Innisfil 2.'}..5'.)l acres are taken up, 4()0y of which are under cultivation. This is rather a rough township ; that portion of it bordering cm Lake Simcoe and its bays, is mostlj' wild land ; the cause of which is said to be its being in the hands of absentees. In the centre of the township are some pretty good farms. A large swamp extends for some distance along the town line between Innisfil and Kssa, and reaches into Tecnmseth and West Gwiilimbury. The surveyor who t)riginaHy surveyed the township states, that although there are a large number of cedar swamps in it, still that every lot possesses sufficient good land to make a fkruL 2200 acrt» oi Crown Lands are open for sale in Innisfil at 8«. currency (! t f iisy \f* i li li i II 1 If J h k ! ft '• 1 ft^ i y 1 « fSl i i 1 k- '. I, ' i 88 per acre. There are in the township one grist and two saw mills, carding machine and fulling mill, and brewery. Population in 1842, 762; who are principally Irish and Scotch. Ratable property in the township, £12,603. IRVINE SETTLEMENT. A Scotch settlement in the township of Nichol, a short distance west from Elora. Inhabitants principally from Aberdeen. ISLE AUX CERES. -(6Ve Stag Inland.) ISTHMUS, THE, on NEWBORO'. A small Settlement in the township of North Crosby, on the Ridean Canal, twenty miles from Oliver's ferry, and forty-two from Kingston. It contains about eighty inhabitants, four stores, one tavern, two shoemakers, one black- smith. JAMESTOWN. A small Settlement near the south-east corner of the township of Yarmouth, on Catfish Creek, about one mile from Lake Erie, contains a grist and saw mill, distillery, and about ten houses. JAMESVILLE.-(5ee Mokpeth.) JEDBURGH. A small Settlement in the township of Dumfries, situated on Cedar Creek, a branch of the Nith, about a quarter of a mile from Ayr. It contains about thirty inhabitants, one grist and saw mill, one distillery, one blacksmith. JOHNSTOWN DISTRICT. Consists of the Counties of Leeds and Grt'nville ; it is bounded on the south- east by the River St. Lawrence, and is watered besides by the Rideau River and lakes ; and several other lakes, some of which are very large, are scattered over the district. The Rideau Canal runs through the north and west of the dis- trict. There is a considerable quantity of good land in the district, although a large portion of that bordering on the canal and lakes is poor and rooky. Altogether the District is well settled, and contains some good farms. The inhabitants are principally Scotch and Irish. Brockville, the district town, is handsomely situated, and contains some good stone buildings. Tiiirteen thou- sand three hundred and fifty-five acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the Johnstown District, at 8s. c'y, per acre, to purchase any of which application must be made to the Crown Lands Agent at Prescott. Population in 1842, 36,768, since when it has probably increased one-fifth. The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district : Date. No of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Milch Cows. Oxen, 4 years old and upwards. Honvd Cattle, from 'i to ■» years old Amount or Ilatable Grist. Saw. Property. 1842 1843 1844 111734 120168 125095 26 26 25 46 56 62 11915 12719 13251 2921 3142 3363 4997 57S5 5362 £402,922 428,105 442,992 89 L922 Il05 1992 Government and District Officers m the Johnstown District : Judge of District Court Georf,e Malloch Brockville. Sheriff A. Sherwood do. Treasurer A. N. Bueli do. Inspector of Licenses J. Weatherhead do. Clerk of Peace and District Clerk.... James Jessup do. Registrar of County of Leeds David Jones do. Do. of County of Grenville John Patton Prescott Clerk of District Court J. D. Campbell Brockville. Warden R. F. Steele do. Crown Lauds Agent W. J. Scott Prescott. JORDAN. A village in the township of Louth, situated on the Hamilton road, eight miles from St. ^('atherines. It contains four churches and chapels, viz. — E^jiscopal, British Wesleyan, Canadian do. and Presbyterian. Population about 200. Post-office, post every day. Professions and Trades. — Three stores, carding machine and cloth factory, one tannery, two taverns, one saddler, one cabinet-maker, two waggon-makers, four blacksmiths, two shoemakers, one tailor. JUNCTION, THE. A settlement in the township of Westminster, six miles from London, situated at the junction of the plank road to St. Thomas, with the Delaware road. It contains about sixty inhabitants, one store, three taverns. Distillery and steam grist mill erecting. KALADAR. A Township in the Midland District ; is bounded on tlie east by the township of Kennebec ; on the north by Anglesea ; on the west by Elzevir; and on the south by Sheffield and a small portion of Hungerford. This township is well watered by numerous sma'l streams : it has only lately been opened for sale, and no return has yet been made from it. Sixty-five thousand acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Kaladar, at 8s. c'y per acre. KATESVILLE. A small settlement in the township of Adelaide, situated on Bear Creek, contains about thirty inhabitants and one store. It KEENE. A village in the township of Otonabee, situated on the Indian River, near Rice Lake, thirteen miks south-east from Peterborough. It contains about 140 inhabitants, who have two churches, Presbyterian and Wesleyan Methodist. Professions and Trades. — One grist mill, one saw ditto, distillery, tannery, carding machine, four stores, three taverns, one waggon maker, one lolacksmith. Post-office, post three times a week. KEMPENFELDT. A small settlement on Kempenfeldt Bay, about two miles from Barrie ; it contains about forty inhabitants. KEMPENFELDT BAY.— (&e Lake Simcoe.) Mr ! I V 90 KENNEBEC. A Township in the Midland District : is bounded on the east by the township of Olden ; on the north by liarrie ; on the west by Kaladar; and on the south l>y Sheffield and Ilinchinbrooke. Two lonj>f lakes, one of wliieh is called " Long Like," stretch across the centreof the township ; these are the jjviiicipil sources of Sahnon Kiver. This township has only lately been opened for sale, and no return has yet been made from it. Sixty-five thousand acres of Crowu lands are open for sale in Kennebec, at eijrht shiliinjjjs currency pc-r acre. KENT. A County in the Western District. It comprises the town, Lord .Mountcasliel has a house, finely situated, being erected on an eminence commanding a fiue view of the Thames. J^nif'rssions and Triidcs. — Two grist mills, ou(> saw ditto, carding machine and Hilling mill, one distillery, two tanneries, four stores, two taverns, one saddler, two tailors, two shoemakers, one waggon-maker, and oue blacksmith. KING. A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the north by the townships of Owilliiubury West and Tecuniscth; on t'le west by Albion; on the soutli by Vaughan; and on the east by Whitchurch. In King, ')3. 240 acres are taken up, L3,818 of which are under cultivation. This is an old settled township, and jjo-ssesses some fine farms; but a portion of the township is hilly and broken, the timber being hemlock intermingled with hardwood. The west branch of the Holland River runs througli the centre of the north of the town.ship, and is b;irdered by a considerable extent of swanij). Tae vi'Iage of Lloydtowa is siiuated in the north-west corner of the township, and one mile and a half to the north-east is the village of Hr')wnsville. There are also in King, Rogart- town in the north-east of the township about two miles from Yoiige Street, containing about ten dwellings, gi'ist and saw mill, waggon maker and black- smith; and Tyrwhit's Mills, eight miles east from Lloydtown, between that village and Yonge Street, containing gri.st and saw mill, tavern, store, cooper, and blacksmith. King is settled by a mixed population, consisting principally of Irish, with a few English, Scotch, Canadians, and Americans. One hundred 81 acres x>f Crown lands are open for sale in King, at 8s> currency per acre. There are eij^ht grist and twelve saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, i?G25. llatable property iu the township, £42,064. KINGSTON. The District Town of the Midland District, in the townshij) of Kinirston' sitiuitcd oil iiiikc Ontario, I'.t!) iiiik-sfroni Mo'itrcalaud 177fiMni Tonmto. • it va* incorporated in the year l^'JS. It is a fine healthy sitiiaiion, Imi iKiviii^a h.invii hack country, its |)rineipal dcpciKUiiicc for .support was iijioii the carrying ii'a:lu, tuitil the removal of the Scat of (Ji)voniiiient from Toronto, by L rd Sydi'iiliani in June, 1841, winni the town hi.i;aii rapid;y to iin|trovc. Ihiiidsonic stone huiidiiigs were erected, and the inhabitants, siiiiposiu,:;- tiiat Kiimstoii woiiid eoatinue to be the eajiital nf the l*r()\ ince, went to coiisidei'able expense in iiii- proviiig, not merely the public buildings, but also their jiiaces ot business and private dwelli'ifrs. However, the Seat of (ioverninent buna- a;;ain removed (to 31uiiireal) they have been thrown l)ack iijioii tlicir old ivsoiuees, burdened with tlie expenses of their improvements. T.ii.s, for a time, w.is a tjreat shock to the town; but it is bejiiniiing gradually to recover its [irospcrity. What etfeet the opening of the St. liav.reiice ("ana's, and the enlarging the locks of the AW'lland (."anal, will have upon it, remains to be seen. Jtifherto. all the up and down freight has been traushij)pfd at King.ston, to either laruer or smaller vessels, according as it iias been guing up or down; in carrying which a fleet of about '200 barges and sciiooner.N. of from (iO to 2;")0 tons biiitlKii, lias lieeii em- ployed. As soon as the ini])rovenients in ihe canals arecc^mpleted, large vessels Mill be enabled to run direct up from Montreal to Tonnito and llaniiit'.»(),( II »u. In the front portion of the building are the Post Otiice, OHiues of the Corporation OHiccrs, News and Heading ivoom; above is the Town llali a large and handsome room, used occasionally as ;i ball and assembly room. ;i"d arranged for six (piadriUe parties. Aiioihr loom opposite, on i tie sam. floor, and the same size, but more handsonieiy finished, is let fo the Free Ciuirch congregation !(»• religious .services: it will conubrtably accommodate .5(10 per- sons. The flome at the top of the building is snrrour.ded i:i the interior by a gadery, from whence a fine \ iew may tie obttiined of the town of Kingston tind the sarronnding country, including l^ake Ontario, with tlie islands in the vicinity. The Presbyterians have a collegiate institution, called " Queen's College and TTniversily :)f Kingston." 'I'he court house is a s(|nave stone building. There are ten chnrolies and chapels, viz., three I'-jjiscopal, two < 'atholic, one Presby- terian, two Methodist (British Wcsleyan and Canadian Wesleyan). I'nptist. and Irvlngite. Tiie iiospital is s\i])ported jiartly by government and partly by voiun- tarv contributions. Tiie " Hotel Dieti,"' is attended bv sisters of charitv. There is a news and reading room, and a Mechanics' Institute. Five newsjjapers are publislied weekly— the " Chronicle iS. G ttzutte," '" Herald,' " British Wi News," and " Argus A marine railway was established liere in 1827, for the pnrjiose of hauling ont and repairing vessels. The railway is ;')72 feet in leiigtJi. worked by four hor.ses, with machinery givinii a multiplying power of 21.") times, thus producing 800 horse power, and a capacity for hauling out a vessel of 300 tons. There is I ^m I: M ^i ' t I I u 92 ti. \ ' 'i! I i also a small railway for hauling out river boats and barges. A shipj ard is connected with the railway. There is a mineral spring, " Boyle's," at the corner of King and Arthur streets' the water of whicli was obtained by borino: 75 feet. The following analysis of the water was by Professor Ooft, of King's College, Toronto: — Specific gravity at 68 Fahrenheit 1.018 ^ One pint contains of solid matter — ' GRAINS. Chloride of Sodium ll»H.l<)3 Chloride of Calcium 74.959 Cliloride of Magnesium 9.463 Sulphate of Soda 3.954 196.569 s the Cata- \ andinir the iciuded , IS the/ A bridge a third of a mile in length has been constructed across raqui Hay, on tiie opposite side of wliich, on an eminence commancimg eruranee to the bay and the town of Kingston, is situated Fort Henry ; and below the hill, cm the bay, are the nuirine barracks. A large portion ' t the town, called " Lot Twenty •four,"- and the village of Portland, are not included within the limits of the corporation. \ At Portsnuiuth Harbour, al.out two miles west from the market house Penitentiary, a large stone Imilding, surrounded by a substantial stone wall, having towers at the outer corners; at iiresent containing about 400 ctmvicts. (This is the only Penitentiary in the Province, eonseiiuently this number includes the convicts of both the I'pper and Lower Provinces.) Here are W(irksiu>ps for carpentiTs, blacksmiths, shoemakers, tailors, and a ro])e walk. The cells are so arranged that the k-epcrs, without being perceived, can at all times ascertain wiiat is going on within. The establishment appears to be well regulated. A short distance from the Penitentiary, are baths and mineral springs, which have been uuieh iVeiiuented bv health and pleasure seekers. There are two wells; the fir,-t wi's diseovered in theyi'ar 184.'?, in boring for water for the use of the neiiililiourinu' distillery: it is near the edge of the lake, and the water was ol)iained i»y boriiiLf tlirough tlie mek, to the depth of 145 feet. 'I'he other well is 'liglier np the bank, ant and three saw mills in flie township, KiuiJiston is well settled, and contains tl,2S'.) inhabitants: this muidier, how- ever, includes portions of the outskirts of the town of Kin;4ston, known as " lilt 24," and the villa;j:e of Portland, which arc not included in the corporation, Uatable property in the township, ,4:71,151. KI'I'M'Y. A Township in the Johnstown District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of NVolbnl; on the north-west by South KImsley; on the .south-west hy Bastard; and on the south-eiist by Yonge and Elixabcthtowu. lu Kitiey 95 liow- ju as Itioii. the Itley 40,497 acres are taken up. 11,589 of which are under cultivation^ This is a well settled township, containing good land, and well cultivated fjirnis. One hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Kitley, at 8s. currency per acre. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, '2,9r)4; who are principally English, Irish and Scotch. Ratable proi)ei'ty in the township, i;ao,lS5. LAKE. A Townsliip in the Victoria District; is bounded on the east by the township of Tudor; on the mn-tii by unsuiveyod lands; on the west by Mt-tliuen; and on the south by Marmora. This township has only lateiy been opened for sale, and no return has yet been made from it. Fifty thousand acres of Crown lands are opeu for sale in the township, at 6s. currency per acre. LAKE ONTARIO. Is about 181 miles in length; and, in its widest part, about GO in breadth. It reci'ives the waters of the upper lakes tVom the Niagara River, and diseharg( s them into the St. Lawrenc.. It is the safest of tlie three lakes to navigat.', hiving several excellent liiirboiirs; the principal of wi\ich are Toronto, Pres(]u' Isle (opposite the village of Brighton), Kingston and Port Hope; besides almost innumerable bays about tiie I'rinee Kdward lUstriet, the May of (iuii.tt-, and tiic l>ian(ls. !{y entti'.ig a canal of about a mik' in length, between the lake and tik' 15ay of Quiute, the Prince Edward District would become an island in Lake Ontario, 'i'liere are several considerable islands scattered over the eastern extremity of tiie !;ike; the principal of which are Wolfe Island, Amherst Island, (i.inlen Island, (Jage Island, iS:e. At the western extremity of the lake is a Ui:g'. '.).iy, LUiied " Buiiui^toii i>ay," on wliieh is .^iluaied ilie town of ifamiiion. The Niagara Kiver enters the lake aliout forty-five miles from its western ex- tremity. Lake Ontario is '2:\4 feet above the level of tlie sea: it is never frozen over; and steamboats freipiently run across from Toronto to Niagara throughout the winter, when the weatiier is line. Tiie principal towns situated on the lake are Toronto, Kingston, Hamilton (on liurliugton Bay), Port Hope, and Belle- ville (on the Hay of Quiute). LAMHTON, ou MILTON. A Village on I">undas Street, situated ))avtly in the township of Toronto and |)artly in tlie townslii|t of Vork (the Uiver 1 lumber dividing the townsliips and the village), eight miles from Torontt. Po|Milation aliont 'J^O, who have a .Methodist ebnreb. I'rii/issiiiiis mill 'I'niilcs. — Two urist mills (one with five run of stones), one saw mill, one planing machine, distillery, carding macliine and cloth factory, two stores, fliree taverns, four coopers, two blacksmiths, two wai;gou makers, one sadiller, three shoemakers, one taihu". Post Otllce. jiost every day. Vboiit one mile south of the villa'ie, on the Ilumber, is situated "Milton Mills," a large establishment, containing a gr'.st mill with six I'un of stoiiis; th re are also a saw mill, tavirn and blacksmith's shop. LANARK. A Countv in the liathurst District; comprises the townships of Rathurst» Hi'ckwitli, Dal'ion^U', Darling, Drnnimond. N(|ue L;ike is situated in the east of the township — it empties itself into the Gananocpie River, w hicii enters the St. Lawrence in the township of Leeds. There are two small lakes in the north-west of the township. In Lansdowne 2,100 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8.v. currency per acre. There are in the two townships three grist and six saw mills. These townships are well settled, and contain good farms. In Lansdowne is a settlement called " Furnace Falls," or " Lvinllmrst." I'opulation of Leeds and Lansdowne in front. 2,2fiO; ditto, in rear, 052. Ratable property iu Leeds and Lansdowne in front, £25,767; ditto, in rear, ^15,876. M 97 LATIMER'S CORNER. \ sinill Settlement on tin.- town line between West GwIUinibury and Tecum- seth. nine miles tVoiu Bradford, contains a store and tavern, and about eighty inhabitants. LEEDS. A county in tlie Johnstown District, comprises the townships of Bastard, South Burgess, North Cvosby, South Crosby, S(mth Elmsley, Elizabi'tlitown, Kitltv. i.ansdowne, Leeds, and Yonge. It returns a inenib>ir to the House of Asseijib'y. LEE!>S. ■ A Township in the Johnstown Districi; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of Lansdowne; on the north by Crosby; on the west by Pittsburgh; and 0:1 the soiitli by tlie St. Lawrence. There are three hikes in this township, viz., (Iriop n Lake, in the north; South Luke, west of the centre; and Oven L:.ke, e i-t of the centr ■ , the w!iok' of which are connected togetlu-r liy nieuns of small stre:inis, and discharge themselves into the (}anano([ue lliver, which falls into the St Lawrence, in this township. The Ilideau Canal passes through the north-west coriier of lieeds; aid tiie village of Gananoiiui' is in the township, at the mouth of the CJiuiaiioque River, in Leeds .'3701) acres of Crown lands are op:-n f(!" sale at S.v. currency n^r acre. For /lumber of acres cultivated and uncultivated, grist and saw mills, popu- hition, and amount of ratable property, sec Lansdowne. LENNOX. A Ooimty in the Midland District; comprises the townships of Adt^lphnstown, Fredi^riek^liurgli, ;ind Kiciimtmd. For the j)nrpose of re,)resentatio'i in t!ie Ljp.il^ti\'e .Lf.jciahiy, it is 'aiuicd to the couiuy of AddniglOu, uud liie i>vo return one member to the House of Assmbly. LEVANT. A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on the north-west by the townshij) of Madawaska; on the jouth-wi.'st by Palmerstou; on the south-":ist by Siierbrooke and Dalhousie; and on the north-east by D irling. The Uiver Clyde runs across the centi'e of the township from west to east. A number of s.'uall lakes are seaitered over the toMnship, mtiny of whieli are eonnectid by means of sm.ill streams with the Biver Civile. Tliis township is as yet hut littl,' settled, and no separate asse^.-ment has been made in it, it having been included in Dalhousie. In Levant, ;J2 200 acres of Crown Lands are open i»)r sale, at 8.v. currency per acre. I'opulation in 184-'. 40. LINCOLN. X County in the Niasrara District; comprises the townships of Caistor. Clin- ton, (i;iinsbor(mgh, (Irantham. (irimsby, JiOuth, Niagara, and, except for the purpose of representation in the House of Assembly, the town of Niagara, 'i'lie c Minty of Lincoui retui'us a member to the House of A*si ud)ly. LINDSAY. A Village in the towiuship of 0])s. prettily situated on the S' ugog River, vhich runs through the vil!a"e. It was ! lid out liy government about thrteeu j-ars since, and contains about 200 inhabitants. Churches and chapels, 2; viz.. Catholic and IVesbvte'ian. Pntl'cssinns und Tntdrs. — One grist mill (six run of stones), one saw mill, carding machine, one distillery, six stoies, three taverns, lour blacksmiths. LITTI.E RIVER oit PETIT RIVIERE. A small Stream, on which is a saw null, in the noith-easl corner of the town- ship of Sandwich. It runs into the Detroit Uiver. ^1 \ I i 3' % 33 ■'I R ; \ 98 •t, i li 'I, 1 ;l I A I MiiJ ^H !>'! f LLOYDTOWN. A Village in the north-east of tho township of Iving; prettily situated in rather a hilly country; it was settled about sixteen yeari> since by Mr. Jesse Lloyd ^ and is chiefly noted as being the place from whence the idrst party of rebels started at the commencement of the rebellion. It is fourteen milis from New- market, nearly due west. It contains IGO iiihabitauts. There are two churcheh and chapels, viz., Episcopal and Canadian Wesleyan. Post Office, post twice a-week. Professions and Trades. — One physician and surgeon, one surveyor, one grist and saw mill, carding machine, ashery, distillery, two tanneries, throe stores, two taverns, two saddlers, twol)lneUsmiths, two eliairniakers, one cabinet niakor;^ three wheelwriglits, two carpenters, two tailors, four shoonakers, one cooper. LOKO. A ToAvnship in the London District; is bounded on the enst by the township of London; on the north-west hy Wiiliani.s; on the south-west by Adelaide and Oarnidoe; and on the south by the Kivcr Tlianies. In Lobo, .'i'?,i2!).'i no es are taken up, 4()71 of which are under cullivation. The east branch of liear Creek runs across the north of the township, imd a braiieli of tlie Thames through the sv>uth-east. There is a considerable quantity of good land in the township. Timber — hardwood, intermixed with pine. There are three grist and six saw mills in the township. Population in 18-J;>, 1200. Ratable property in the township, £18,50"). ■ lociiii:l. A ToAvnsbip in the Eastern District; is bounded on the north-east by the townsliip of ll;iwl:eslMu-y East; on the north-west by Jlawkesbuiy ^N'est; on the south-wesi by Keiiyon; and on the south-east by J-uneaster, and a portion, of Lower ( 'anada. Li f-ochiel r).'3,88G acres are taken up, 8.'U>(j of which arc under cultivation. The settlement of Alexandria, (U* Priest's Mills, is situated in the south-west corner of the township, on the liiver de L'Isle. It contains a Catholic church: there are also Presbyterian and Haptisl churches in the town- ship, in a settlement called Ih'cadalbane. Six bnndred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Loehiel, at 8a'. currency per acre. There are two grist and three saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 2,047. Ratable property in the township, £H2,44.'). LOGAN. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north-east by Crown lands; on the north-west by the township of iMcKillop; on the south-west by Hibbert and Eullarfon; and on the south-east by Eilice. 'I'he soil of Loi;an is mostly good. A branch of the Hiver 'I'liames runs through the township. Logan contains .55,.5;31 acres, 2101 of which are leased or sold, of which 4'J are under cultivation. Popnlaii(m, 1.34. Ratable property in the township, £715. LONDON DISTRICT. Consists of the County of Middlesex, which comprises the townships of Ade- laide. Aldborougli, Hayhani, Carradoc, Dehuvare, Ihu'cluster, Dunwich, Ekfrid, Lobo, iii;ndon, Metcalfe, Mosa, Malahide, Southwold, Westminster, Williams, Yarmouth, and, except for the purpose of representation in the Legislative Assembly, the town of London. The London District, which formerly included il do the prt'scnt district of Huron, is bounded on the east by the Talbot and Brock i>i>.trict.s ; ou tlie north by the Huron District ; on the west by the Westera District; and on the south by Lake Erie. Tlie district is watered by tlie lliver Tlianics, the nortli or principal branch of wliicli outers tiie disirict in the east of the township of Loudon; in the south of the towusliip it receives the east brancli; it then flows south, and afterwards soutli-west, foruiiiiir tiie dividing boundary between the townsliips of J^obo, Caradoe, Eisfrid. and ."Mo^a, on tlie north: and Weslntiuster. Delaware, South- wolil, Duuwieh. and .\ldl)or()U_L!;li, on the south The district is also M^atered bv Oner iJreek, Kettle Creek, Bear Creek, Catfish Creek, and the River Aux Sahles. This is a district containinsr a larsre portion of very excellent land; there is .«;onie pom- land in it. but fie (piantity is comparatively snuill. 'J'he laud in the district is most!} rolilnj,', and on the bunks of all the rivi r^ and creeks tli..'re are many beautiful situations for fai ins. Scnne paris of the district have been seltled ah )Ut I'orty years, a. id ar,' now in s hiixh s'aie of cultiva*] 'ii. The old st setikd town in the (lisl'i.'t is St. Thomas, whicii was laid (mt about thirty years sii;ee. 'J'lie town of London, Lhe present di>trict town, wa-- laid out iniiiey.ar \b-H], at which time the " IjOndou"' was declared a separate disirict. Previous to the buildi.iuof L )iidou the viilat'e of Vitforia, iu the township of ('iiarlotteville, now in the Talbot District, was tiiedistiict town. Tlie best setikd townsliips in the district, are Yarm lutii, i^oiulon, Westminster, South woid. and ihdaliide Yainiouih, Lon- don, Delaware. .Mahiiiide, Cai'radoc, Adelaide, Dunwieli, Aldhorouuii, and LuIk), are .settled i)rinei;>aiiy by emigrants from (ireat Britain and Ireland. West- minster is settkd pnneipully by Americans and IVnnsyivanian Dutch. Most of tlie settlers iu the London District are in comfortable circumstances, and nr.my of tli-m luive b.'C;)m;' ind-peUfknit. 31;,iiy of the farms have lar_^eekar- iiijis, and are iu a pcx.d stiite of cultivation, with tlourishiuir orchards. I'.xcellent roads are nuide iiirou,.?h the district, leadin,:j: from the town of London to iJraut- ford and Hamilton, (jl.ilt and (Juelpli, and (ioderich, Chatham, Port Saruia, and Stanley; tlie latter of which is planked, and passes through the flourishing vilia;L''e of St. 'J'iioinas. Largo quanlitks of fine wheat and other grain are groAvn in this district and exported; and a eon>:denil)le business is carried on. ou the different mill streams, in sawed lumber, uuicii of which is exp )rtod. Eighteen thousand acres of land were brought into cultivation between Jamiary, 1842, and January, 1844. The principal towns and villages in the di.strict are London, in the township ofLoiulou; St. Tiiomas and I'oit Stanley, in Varmouth; Delaware iu Delaware; and Richmond and \ ienna, iu Bayham. In the IaukIou District (lOO acres only of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre, to purchase any of which application must be made to the CroMU lauds agent at i^oudon. Population in 1842, 31,3.')0, since Avhen it has probably increased one-fifth. The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement iu the district. ' No of MII.I.S. ; Date. .\(i('s Milch i:ows. Oxen, 4 year? old, atul Horned Cattle, Iroiii '2 to 4 Amount of llatiii.le Cultivated. - ■ 1 Grist. Sjwv. upwiirus 1 years oiu. Property. 1842 112,633 35 1843 , 119,803 34 1844 { 130,329 35 1 79 80 93 11,440 11,995 12,102 5299 5717 6096 6378 7049 6036 £408,330 427,216 455,373 i2 ^l; .H' i: i J i 100 I:' l< ' ! ! i- '» Government aud District Officers in the London District : Judge of District Court Henry Allen Loudon. Sheriff Jauus Hamilton r Ik), Clerk of Pence Joiliu B. Askin Do. Treasurer John Harris Do. Inspector of Licenses Joseph li. Clench Delaware. Crown Lands Agent lohn ]}. Askin London. Registrar Vatant, J udge of Surrogate Court H en ry A lien Do. District Clerk Janus B. Stratliy Do. Deputy <'lerk of Crown John Harris Do. Clerk of District Court loiiu 1?. A^kin ... Do, District Siiperiutendeut of Schools ^Vul. Kilioit Adelaide. Warden John S. JUichanan.:.... S W. W. Suxvt t Auditors of District Council Daniel Hanvey ...,, Dr. D. J. Bowman. St. Thon^as, liOn(l(,)i. f, ) Dr. Tlionias Phillips. Coroners -< i^ ,, , ,, ,, ' ., : J Dr. Ld. Mills (. anaiioe. C Dr. C. B. Hall Wei-tuunster. Through tlic ahscicr of the Snper'ntLMidetit, I was unahle to ohtain any suite- ment respecting the number of common schools in the district. LONDON. The District Town of the London 1 •isirict, situated in the township of London, on the HivcT Tiianies, (igliiy-fivi- miles' Ironi ihinulfon. twu.ty-six Irom Port Staiiky, ^:ul hC\\nln.u iioin ^i. Tii;.iiiaa. 'J'hc lowu wab laid tiUi lU ki,z(i [>y the Crown, on land reserved by Coveriior Simcoo; it returned a member in 183(), and was incorporated in 1840. It is finely situated, being in the midst of a beautiful country, and at the point of junction of tlie two branches of the River Tlianies. London possesspf: a handsome jail and court liouse, built of brick in the I'orni of a castle; the building of the two cost above ,t!I(),me bnil'lings. handsome streets have been erected, c(nnposed of brick buildings three and JOur stories high. Kxcelleiit loads stivtcti i.way in evt ry diieetion. A i)Iank road has b(en ornied to Port Sla'dey, and a plank ar.l Diaeadanii/ed road te> Brantlbrd. New roads have also been completed to Challiiiin and P( rl S.irnia. Stuges leave London daily for Hamilton, C!:atham, and Detroit, and all iiUcrincdiate pi, ices; three times a-week for Port Sarniu and Pon Sianhy; aud twice a-week fur Goderich. A weokly newspaper, tlie " Tinut." is jinbliflied here. Churches and ciiapels, 10; viz., Epi.seoi)al. two Pr.sbyterian, Catholic, Bri- tish Wesley an, Canadian Wesieyan, l,piseopal Methodist, Congregational, liapiist (for coloured peop.e), and IJuivcrsaiist. Post OfUee, ;;o:!t every day. Population about 3600. i ( // 101 The foUowinn; Govprnmcnt and District officos arc kept in London: — Judsje of District ('oict, Shcritf, CUik of Peace, Treasurer. Crown Lands Af^eiu, .)iul;;e of Surrogate (?ourt, H .trict Clerk, Clerk of District Court, Deputy C vk of Crown. /V(i/i',s,s/(j«.v (///'/ T'li'/rs. — Seven phj'sicinns and surgeons, seven lawyers, one grist mill, one saw do., t-vM.ty-six stores, fo'ir breweries, tM'o distilleries, card- v.'.;x lunci.iiic iaiii ciotii factory, ei;;liteen taverns, three li.irdware stores, one earriauo maker, one lamiinji-mill Tuaker.one sn>ut machine maker, two foundries, one printer, tliree macliine s!iops, five notaries public, four druijfgists, two auc- tioneers, four tallow chandlers, one bi)oksell;'r and stationer, three tiinncrie.s, twoive ,:;roceries, ten cabin-t makers, five sa^'Mers, fifteen taiiors. two hatters, two livery stables, nine butcjiers, one builder, four tinsmiths, two chair makers, five wai!;ii-on niikers, fifteen blacksmiths, ei"ht bakers, four coopers, one guns- mith, two mirsery g.irdens, one dyer, one toliaccouist, six painters and glaziers, three conf;:Cti()ners, one well-sinker, two stone cutters, three watchmakers, four barbers, seventeen s'loemaker-;, one hvli -' --chdol. Four bank agencies — " Up- per Canada," " .Montreal," " Connnercial," and " Gore." /V/;/c//(r// r./r.'/VM-.— The " IIopj Hotel," " WesUru Hotel," aiul "London Cortee House." Ia'c's and Scott's are also comH)rtable houses. A large hotel is now in e(mrse of erection. Ldiid Aijviit. — John IL (.'addy. Stitije Fares from London to thcfuJIowimj Pltircs : Plaee. Time of Starting. I'aii's. Dailv From 10, .\.m. tdl 1, p.m. 22 6 Hamilton NVno.lsioek... Do Do. [■.ivtiNol Do Do. .., Hrintford ... Do Do. .., Port Sarnia.. .Mondays, Wednesdiiys iS; Fridays, 7, A.M. Po;t Slaniey Do. .' ."... 10, a.m. C'latiiam Daily Dc). Detroit Do Do. 8 9 6 3 If) i:> .5 17 fi 30 1} '1 III m f! LONDON. A Townshi]) in the liOndon District; is bounded on the cast by tlic township of Nissouri; on the nortli by Ulansliaid, iJl Ididph and .McGillivray ; on the west by Ji()l)o anil i small portion o>' Williau's; and on the soutli by Westminster. In l-(indon S7,('Sl acres are taken up, li).2lO of which are under cultivation. The River Thames divides the township from Westminster; and the township is aUo watered by the north branch of t!ie Thames (which joins the east bvancli in the south of the townshij), at the town of London), and by the River Med- way and Spri iger's Creek. l)olh branches of tiie Thames— the .Mi'dway enters the Thames near tiie town of London. This is a well settled township, con- taining many g.)()d farms, wit'< llourishing acres are taktu up, 4,r)4r) of which are under cultivation. The land in tiiis township is 2; who are principally Canadians, Americans, and Pennsylvanian Dutch and their descendants. Ratable property in the township, t'2:2,464. LUTilER. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by the town- siiip of Amaranth; on tlie north by Proton; on the west by Arthnr; and on the south by Garafraxa. Luther has only lately been opened for sale; and no return has yet been made from it. Seventy-tiiree thousand six hiuidred acres of Crown lands are opeu for sale in the township, at 8a'. currency per acre. MACNAR A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on the north and north-east by the Ottawa River; on the north-west by the township of Morton; on the s(Hith-west by Madawaska; and on the south-east by Pakenham. In Macnab 19,81-4 acres are taken up, .'J,!',*") of which are under cultivation. The Mada- wasUa River runs across the south of the township, fron\ west to east; at the <.-ast corner of the township it enters the township of Pakeidiani, nuikes a short hend, re-enters Macnab, and runs north to Lake Chat, making many curves in its course. There are one grist and one saw-mill in the township. Population in 1842, 782. who are principally engaged in the lumber trade. Ratable property in the towushij), 4,'10,r)"i4. MADAWASKA RIVER. A Tributary of the Ottawa, takes its rise in the unsettled country to the north of the Victoria District; it follows nearly a west course, and after pa>sing through the townships of Admaston, liagot, Blythefield and ^IcNab, it enters Lake Chat, an expansion of the Ottawa. In its course it flows through, and receives accessions from, several lakes, some of them of considerable size. Large i' of prodiuiup hirgc crops of Inchan corn, tobacco. Ike. Tobacco has been srrown in tiiis township, wliich has sohl for l.v. \0\il. c'y i)ei' pound, on the ])reniises. The findii-r consists of the h."«t kind of liard wood: niajile. oak, bcceii, hickory, clin. )>l;H;k widu;it, hutt. rnut, ^Vc. 'I'iie town of AmluMNi')!!!';;' is situ;ited near the .soii:h-w .'St corner o'' tiic town- ship, on the l>etroif Wivor. .About a mile below iln- (i.vii. ciose to ih'' riv r, and a little above the entrance of l^akc Krie, is a chalybeate spriii"', the water of which is suiil to rescnd)le that of < 'li<'l;enha;ii, in ivii:laii!l. There are two prisi-mills in ilie township, one of which is a windmill, and tlic other is work.d by hofsi-powi r. Po|miatioii in ISt"), l!).")4; ahom half of wliom ar< riench <';inadians. and t!ie rcnijiiuder a mixtin'e of Knudisli, Irisli, Scotcdi, l'.iii.dish ("anadi.ius ami AmirlcaiiS. Uatuble property in the towasl.ip, .l':.'fi. .'<.'(;. MALDKN, FOil'J'. (.v,r AMiif.iiSTnritci.) MAMI'Ol'MN [ST.AND. (;|?FAT, ok Tllllin. The principal island iti Lake Huron ; it is ;d)out one hundred miles in I'-npth, and in breadth varies from l()iir to tw-nly -tive niile>; it is iiidmited liy an ahuost innumerable number of bays, ;ni(i the scrnery is in many ])avts inaunifivcnt. M:iidiouliu riulf. (which is in reality a Um widest ()art. otic from the south, the oilier t'roiu the north; apjiroach each other to wit!. in thwa niii s, thus almost divichn:.' tlv isl.i'id into .v ;). In summer, the sun is vi ry hot on thcsi' islands, and veivetation exeeediiiijiy rajiid. Tli ■ (livat .Manitoulin is settled exclusively by Indians; tin' o^iy whites on the island heinir those attaelu'd to t!ie jiovi-runniit stat-on at Manitowawiiinsr, (Hudson's .'^ound") and two or three at the Ku'iiai (\'i.Iiolic v Hape at Wccpieuuikonn-. (Smitirs Kay). T le island is freipi,'ntl\ visited by Indian trtid rs. I\[anitowawnin{r is about lyo tniles trom PeiietaU'-'trsliirie, and !7(i from (toderich. Previonsly to the year 182<», the distribution of present^ to a larsfe portion of the Indians, incheh'd under the tevm "wc4('rn tribes." consistini'; of the vlsitin;T Ttidians. nort!' of Pen. tan'nishiiie: oftlia-j" at Sanlt '^t Miri' . and on tiie slioivs of Lake Superior; of tlios from the sontii-w;'s', and Lake Miehiaan. Ci'-ecn \^:<\\ the Pox iTiver. Wisconsin, even from tlie distant Mississippi, was nuiile at Drmnmond's island, the old military post on I/ike Huron. In that year the is'and n;'vinir been finally ced 'd to the Anfcricvis. and the frovfrnmcnt bi'inu- di'sinMis of aseertainine, tliL- (iisposition of the iidians to cm- brace civilization, the distri'mti. n was tr.ai'e at the island of St. ilosepli's, about mil" miles north-wi'st fr.un Drummond's i estin>.at"o;i of o'd Li'Iians. It isdi'-tant o le hundred niili's and upwards from any AmcicMi militavy post, and between six'y and seventy fr >ni a'ly ptirt of the Aineriean territory. In 18.10. and the followi'itr five y-ars, the distribution of presents was r\nde at Penetangnishine, and thus, the western tribe* w"re hrrnght within t':e influence of tli ■ ', Konian Catholics, from Lake Michigan, settled in Wviinaiiu'kong 15uy (Sniith's sound), wiiere th'y had cultivated two or three acres of laud, and were living in temporary bark lints; these, and a few w.inder- iu;x <'liippcwas, were all the Indians he met with on the island, amounting to perhaps seventy or eighty [)ei"soiis. In is.'{() tiie present settlement at Man i tow awn in jx, (Hudson's Sound), about eiorht miles distant fr.un Weiiuauiekong, was coinnunced, some land was cleared and houses built. It doi's not apjiear how many Indians were settled on the islaiil this year. Tl.e first issue of presents at this post was made in the aufumii, and was attended by :20!)7 individuals. On this occasion the liieut. (Jovernor, Sir F. 15. Ihad, was ])res('nt, and formed the vieM' of collecting at Mauitoiilin, not the wild Indians from t!ie north of l.iike Jluroii, as had been at first propositi, hut all tliosf who had settl. il. ov w.^r.' wiii.dcring among the while jKijuilation. in various parts of Top^'r Canada. M'itli this intention he induced the cliief's of the Ottawa and Ciiippewa nations then present, to resign their exclusive rights to the occupancy of the dreat Manitcmliii. and all the other islands, estimated at above 2'!,(I0(>. on tlu' north sliore of Lake Hunui. He also ol)tainc(l from the Sauueen Lulians the snriH'uder oltlie greater pro- [lortion oi'tluir territory, and projiosed their removal to .Manitoiilin. 'I'o other indians whom he visit, d ni the western parts of Canada, he likewise made the same propo.sals; offering them the assistance and encouragement of the govern- ment at this i.shind. Tiie.se offers. Iiowever. do not appear io have been gene- rally acceptable to the settled Lulians. as few or none a\ailed themselve!-. of- t'heui. 'I'he settlers at the island have, for the most jiart, ccnne from the I'nited States, or from the .««hor.'s of Lake Huron and Lake Superior. In lS.'$r, further progress was maile in clearing land and building houses; the nmnber of settlers on the island was reckoned at iMiS. In the ;iuiUMin of IS.'is. the otiicrs a|i|iointed to form tlie future establishment of this s( tlleiuent. including tlie superintendent, Mr. Anderson, a clergyman of the church of lOngland. and a surgeon, with several artisans and latiourcrs, arrived at iManitow awning, and took up their residence there, being the lirst wliite men who iiad wintered in the island. This year the ntunl)>.r of Indian settlers was .'i07. hi the ibllowing year the clearings were extended; a saw mill was built; and the niiiiib.'r of settlers increasvd to ti")."). .\ school was commenced at Manitowawning, but it was ill attended; the Homan Catholics at the other settK'inent would not allow tlieir ehiKlren to fretpieiit it. In IS40, r.'t-' Lillians reported themselves as settlers, of whom (uily 4;{7 were ohristians. Li Lsn, many l*ottawataniies from the River St. Clair, who had promised to setth'. and some Ottawas mul Cl-iiiiewasfrom Lake .^^ciligan, returned to their h'liK's; but the aeiual numlier thus redueed was not reconk'd Some Lidian li'Mis s, a carpenter's shop, and a smith's, wen' erected. The .sel.ool was Ik iter attended, and ( ight Indian boys wcr • in the course of instructi(>n in different branches of hatxli Taft. A School was also opened by u Uomaii Catholic KcluMilmastev in the other settlement. Li |M4'.>. twenty -live Indian hon-es \\ere built by contract, and a large ston', cooper's shop, and barn, were erected by the mechanics attaidud to the estahlisli- MKUt. .\ saw mill wa,s also nearly finished at Wcipieiiiakoug Hay. Tlie attendance at the ILmian Catholic school had fluctuated greatly; at one time as JUiiny iijs seventy piipilw were present, hut more frequently from five to twenty, 107 isluiKMlt llUill of oui'ors, 11' first liuliun built; need at uthcr and at some seasons not one. The number at the Manito-wawning school had not exceeded forty-five, but it had never fallen below twelve. On the l.")th November, there were resident at Wequemakong, ninety-four families, and at Manitowawning forty-four families, iiiaUing together 1.38 families, which on an average of four meuibers to a family, would form a population of :^).'y2. The number settled, or wandering in otlK'r |)art>; of the island, and living in wigwams, or temporary bark huts, was estinuited at l.")() at L'ust, making a total population of 702. The following is the prosiiit size and extent of the two settlements; each occupies about :iUO acres of land, 'J'lie several liou--es are surrounded with gardens, and tlie farms are f(U' tlie most part at a disluiee. 'I'iiis arraugeuKMit was resortrd to, with a vii'W of preserving their crops from the cattle, without tliv troulile of lualving enclosures; but it !ias iu)t answ/rv'd the iiitiMitiou, a^ the cattle roam nnicli farllier than was expected, and it has bfcn found necrssai'y to coHUuruee ('(.'ncing. 'I'he Wetpiemakong village, whieii has been longest established, contains in all seventy-eight buildings, viz.. seventy-tiiree Indian houses, one for the mis- sionarv, and another fir tlic sehoolniaster. a church, a school-house, and a saw- mill. The Manitowawning village contains fifty-five buildings, viz., thirty-seven Inliati houses, six of the same description oecu|>ied by 'he uiechanics and labourers, lour larger houses, occupied by the sup.'rin'endent, missionary, sur- gi'oii. and sch()olnia-ter. three shojis (blacksmiths', ca"|)"Uters', and coopers'), an excellent fame store, of sixty by thirty feet, and two stories in height, one log barn, a school-house, a saw-mill (built by contract in l*^"!',!), and a sawyt'i'"s hoiisv', and a church has since been erected. Besides these there are, in both villages, a number of out!u)iiNes for cattle, small storeliouses, .ivc. All the btilldiugs are of wood; those of the latter village h.ive been erected eilhir by tiie resident artisans in the empioyineiil of tiie government, or l)y C'liitract. Tliose at ^^^^plemakong having lieen chielly built by the Indiuns tl'.eiiisclves. with the assisianee of Mail< an! ',Ia>s, ax' -. \c. alibrdcd by liie government, are neither so neat nor sii'istanlial as the others. Soon after the commencement of the s"itU nient of the .Manitoulin. doubt.** were entertained as to the climate and feitii'iy of the islaid, and its limes'^ for tlie residence of liie Indians, which ineveaseii the reliu'uUK'e of the Indians settled ill the nnu'e southern poriions of the province, to resort to the island, and lias coiUinued to prove an obsiaele to the inenase of the settle ineiit. Thest* ohji'ctious having been rrpreseiited to the Secretary of Suite, his l.(,rd^hip sug- gested that an empiiry should be made on the spot by .Major lionn\ castle, of tiie lio}al Kn.uiueers. The result has not come under tin noiice ot the com- missioners, but the reports of the resident Agent leave no reasels in about the beinnning of Novem- ber; the cold is not unusually sevi'ie; th • snow seldom lies more than two feet deej). and the spring opens about the middle of April. TIu' tornuUion of the islands is limestone. The soil is generally a mixture of dav ;iuil sand, with limestone jjeldiles. Some parts of iIk' island are stony, but tlieiv is abundance of laud favourabh lor culiivation. Tiie c dar swamjis on the high land, of which peihajis oiie-thiivl of ihe island con>iv|s. though at pre-- 'lU wet in the fall and spring, ajjjiear to be land oitlie finest unaliiy, being ot a deep black loam, and free from sione. When these are ppe:iL;., maple, basswood, elm, red and white oak. pine, &e. ivc. Iloih liie soil and climate are fav(«irable to cidlivatioii, abuudaiit crops of all kinds of grain raised by tiie Indians in other parts of tlie piMviiice, have b cii annually prodii- tK Cuttle thrive welli during the winter tluy are allowed to roam about and liiid ' 5 i :> If ': ,-' \ if i 1 ' ;1 ?«'!■'■ i 1 f'pWiil 108 their own food in the bush. In 1842, a few sheep were added to the stock. Theiv is not mticli ^iuniL' on the island, hut fish is in ahmidimcL' on iis shims. TIic Indians collected here, helong chictiy to the < Jttawa and ('hijij)eMa tribvs; the fornKT. who innniirrated from the United States, have all their lives been Imliiui fiirniers; some of them liroii,i>]it horses and stock to the island. On tht-ir ar;iv:il they sougln no oiher nieaiiS of siibsiMcnee t!uin the j)ro(luci- of tiic soil, and the fish they cauylit in the innnediaie neighbourhood of their own viila^ue; and in tlie autumn. (ae!i family cured a suHiei 'ncy to supply them tl. rough the winter; conseiiuently it was not necessary for them to leave their iiom< s in Scurcii of food, nor to truSc, like the C'hippewus, to the precarious resource of spearing fish through the ice. The ("hippewas, on tlu- other hand. Avho liad never, until collected at Maniton- lin, cultivated the soil, were slow in adoj)ting a new mode of life. For some time they were reluctant to settle in a fixed jilace of residence; they frequently shifti'd tluir e.nn|is, and altlioiigh many of tli.'iii llvid within a day'.-- journey from tlie new settlement, and udmiitetl the benefits arising from a change ot life, still it recjirnvd much persuasion and perse vcranco to iiiduce them to make a com- nieneement. The (Mtawas, Uioreover, had long b 'en converted from heathenism, and were niemhers ofilie Uom un Catholic church. In Is.'iS, liiey wcr. joined b_\ a |'ri,';t of tluit |)ersua>iou, who has since resided with them at NVe«piemakoi;g. 'I'l.e ('hippewas. on the cotitrary, were all iKathens, and the work of conversion (.n!y commenced among tliem in the same year, when a missionary of the Church of England, attached to the establishment, arrived at the island. Tiiese (litferences will account for the greater increase oi' the settlement at Weipit makong, and Us more rapid progre.-s in tiie eidlivation of the laud, and the ae(|ms iion of stock, whieli are exiiiiiiied in the following ta' le: — ■ E.rtvnt (if Ltniil c/ciircil, uml of Slock oii-ueii of the (wo Siftfciin nts in Fth. 184i: Wi:tilTK5I A KO.Nti. -Ma Niro w a \v \ i nu- Acres of Land cleared licus.s Horned Cattle Pigs Sheep Harn-door r'ow Is < Jeese Some f.i iiilie^ h;ut' iierha])s ten acre* or mor«' cleared, whilst others havo O'dy a pai( i mnler eulliv uiou. 'i h.'i" priiieijiil >upport at boti. viilaces is now d\'ri\e s. pa''trid;.:v's. a' I even rl.\ v ni.d h ,.rs. They ai*o manuficture considerable (pumtities of maple sugar of very excellent ipia'ity; for w'lieh tlim find a ready nnirket r.t IVnetaii- guishem, (Muleriidi, and sometimes in ihe towns on the American frontier. Th' laml in tt >■ vIlLiue is laid out !■' l;alf 'lere lot*--, and a few lanns of fif y ;u'r"S WTO in the comiuenceu'ent snrv, y. d and stak' d out; but the labour and exp '11 ■ were found too fjrea;, and • ,ieh I'ldi.n iKtw -elects such place as he piiasi , ai'd fuki ' possession of it. in most ease^, wlth(»"t consulting the super- PUir; 'ent or cliiefs. As long as he continti 's to ctiitivate his pi^'ce ot land, he enJo\si|uiet possession of it; but 'flic hai>])ens to leave it tor a sea'-ou, some oiher Indian \vill i.osf likely enter upon it: and in such cases, there is ftvipu mlj a dilVieidty in ariau'ring the matter a'nieal>iy. NViil) regar ' to tln'ir mode of agvicu 'un-. t!ny are Improving but slowly. '!'h"y in' m '.v In ginning to plough 'heir ohi fi-hls, to m;.k'' more suhstan'iil fetiee . ♦o culivit • garden vegetables, ktc. l^ach individuil cultivates his farm Kepuri ly. Ko • lerly the Otta was were pr"try well suiiplied with hoes, and nn inferior kind of sm: 'I IV '. '!Mie <''hippewas had a sm dkr M •2\ itil 17 8 11 1;"7 iVl — 8 .1 // 109 oonveTiiently shnpcd for the purpose. At pn'scnt the jroverninent h:is supplied t.ieiii witii a sufficieii-'y of these articles, and with afi-w spader, shovels, ploughs, liarrows, piek-axes, &c. The itivii, of ail aevs, do most of the chopj)in2:, Imt after that, men, women, a;id ehiidivii laiie sliure iu tlie labour, Iroiii the biiruui^ of the timber to the reaniniT of tiie crop. 'J'lie fniid'.i>-ss of the eonverted I:idiaiis for hunting ami fisbinir is deeidcdly r'.i'niiii.stied. Tli y scliiom K-ave tiie i.-laud lor citlii.'r pur;n»e. 'J'hey (iceas'on- anv 'fio out spcari.m- ti-ih at iii.uiit, or set Jieir nets in the ewnlnji', and take tiieta up early in the morning; they also spend from six to fifteen days in the autumn to i;iy in a stoek <)f lisli for the winter. A lar;,^ prop'-rtion of the (Jhippewas are ,-tili healiifus; tn..'re wi-re recjived into the v luircli of Knijiand in is.ifi-r ."), all adults isr,;» ;w •' 1840 84 " 1841 4.J Making a total of 172, together M'itli MO con- verts from t!ie Roman Catholic Chiireti. S'nce Amvust, 1S41. the siiperiutendent rujiorts, tluit he is not aware that even one adult iieathen lias be,n broag.it im.i thv chureii since t!iat time. The prin- cipal obstacles to the convcrsio.i of the iieaili-Mis are stated to hi- their supersti- tion — their f ar 'iiat the "lavat spiril"' they wor.-hip sliould visit them with his V uireaMce, we.e tlicy to beconu^ (.Mivistians— tlieir fear of not being allowed to drink whi>key — tlie bad ad\ u-e ol tra lers. wlio erroneously suppose it will (Usu(i_. their I .ade — :i'nl amoi.g ihose wiio have a piiuaiit} of wives, an ohj.'C- tiou ■'■ turn tlieni aMM;. The Ottawa trib.'s. who subsist by agriculture, are supposed to be rapidly (m the increase; and tlie Chippewas, who live ciiii-tly on fisii, to l)e 'U the decrease. .A noiig the tbinu'i', ir is not unusual to n!"et with families iiaviig >ix or SL'ven, U'ld soinetiines <'ven leii nrgeon, a clenjyman of the Church of Mug land, a sciiool- I'l i^tt r. ;< nci^i'-r carpi liter, a b';\ck>mitli, a millwriglit, a mason, a eoo])rr, a slKH'Uiaker. a sawyer, and six labourer>, supported by the I'arli;imentary ^'rant. The sehoolnuisu r iit NVeipiemakong is paid out of the same fund, but the jiriest is maintained by the cliurcli to which he belongs. Owing to the infreipiency and ditliciilty of cmnmunicatiim with the main land, it has hitherto been deemed iiecesnarv to engage a certain number of nu'- chatii cs aim laiionrer. bv il Via; Part O. ilK baiidl iiowi'vor, nave been eiveted b\ eoniract, during th^ sntnm r inoatii.-; and in iliis uiainur, as many a> iwentj-fiv.- wliv buil, in I84i!. 'J'lie Roman Caiholic village appears to be entirely niKbr the charge of tlie Jirlest. 'I'he re.nuiiiiii:. ban .liicli lie V. idelv scatt' red over tl le IS UiikI, have no l.jeul superl'il '11 lei is, but are nad.i'the giii"ral care of the chiifsn|ii'rini> 'idriit. The settlements are altog tlnr twelve in nnmlicr. Four schooner lo;ids of d I'r till \N 'Ml .eina'AO.'.g, during the spring of IMj; nuf sugar w.';e si..;!, much ot vOiieti was cipial m aiipearance to any ISrazil or N\est India bu;jar. MAN\ER.»^. A Township in tlie Newcastle l>islrict: 's biundetl on the east by the town- si ip of Cavan; on th" north by Op-'; t»n the west by CartwriL'lit ; aia' on tlui ttouth by Clarke. In IManvers, :il,28i acres are taken up, ;<,.soo of which are 1^ I ! .! 'i I !1ti-:ii \ >:$M'^ 's 110 utider cultivation. Scu,c;op liake cuts off a small portion of the north-west corner of the towiisliip. The laud of this town-liip is of mixed qualities; some parts hein-T very po'xl. and others rather Indiiferent. Timher — hardwood, inter- mixed witli [jiue. l-'our hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Mauvers, at 8.s'. curreney per acre. P>)pulation in 1842. tU)7. Ratahle property in the township, £9,050. MARA. A Townsliip in the ITonie District; is !)0undcd on the north by the township of Kama; o\\ the west hy Luke Shucoe; on the souili by t lie Talbot i{iver: and ou tlie ea>t hy unsui'veyi'd hnids. In MiUM '.>,r)14 acres are taken up, 7!I9 of whieli are uiuler cuiti\atloii. 'J'his is a new towusliip not lo;ig- selth d; hut it contains t^oiue \ ery uood laud; and on tlie lake shore there are some good eieariui;s. A villaie, called " Ail.erly," was laid out h, re (close to the Narrows) iu 184.'!, by ( aptaiii < 'r^ ijihtou, a f;e.itieui;\ii who pdssti-sesa c()usidv.rab!i. ((uan- tir.y of laud in ilie lownsliip, border'.iiii' on Lake Siiucoe. A road is iu course of loriiuillou from the Nanows (_ where an excellent bridge has been coa>tiutced) to ^^cu,^().r; wluuce a i)luuk road is ibnutd to ^^'ilushipof llama, no separate iv'usus having been lak. n. Ratable property in the township, X.").4r>G. M.VIKII. A Township iu the Dalhousie l)i>lrict; is bounded on the north -cast by the Ottawa Uix'er; on the north-west by the towushiji of 'i'arbolion; ou the soutii- west by Huntley: and on the sontli-east by (ioulbourn. In March 1 '.>,'{:2.'5 acres are taken u)). ."i.iMtL' of which are under culiivatiim. A lake, called " ("oiistanee Lake." containing about ;")(i(» acr>'s, is situated in the centre of the nortli nf the towusliip. The land iu the south of the township is of excellent (puilily; that in the north is not s) good. The timber in the south is principally hardwood: that in the north is mostly pine. One thousand three hundred and seventy-two acres of Crown lauds ;ii-e ojieu tor s;i!e in March, at Ss. currency per acre. 'J'here are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Po]mlatiou in 1S4::.', s;U. Ratahle property iu the townshi]), .l"!),772. ^lAlUPOSA. A Township in the Colhorne District; is bounded on the east by the town- sliijis of Ops and I'euelon; on tlie north by LIdon; on the west by Mroek ; and on the south by Canwrighr. In .Mariposa •'!.'), ,")4'? acres aw taken up, ('i,417 of vhicli ar<' undtr cmlivation. This is a fine tmvn-hip. well settled, and con- taining good hi'iil. There is a grist and saM mill iu the township. In Mariposa 900 ;icres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8.v. currency per acre. Itatabie property in the towusbii), f IS.llti. MAMIATOWN. A \'illa!Te in the township of \N'illi;imsbiirgb, situated on the St. Lawrence; contains about HHi inhabitants, one st(>re, one tavern, and post office, post every day. MAHKDAM VILLAOE, on HKKSORVILLE. A Village prettily situati'd near the south-east corner of the township of Markhaiu, close to the River Rouge, twenty miles from Torontu It has been 1 ;' !i ;/ 111 iicres stance )i' I III' lh:\t I wood: Iv-two acre. town- and 417 of I'ori- rlpusu vntu'; L'VlTy lip of hec'U settled about twenty-five years, hy Canadians, Pennsylvanian Dutch, Germans, Americans, Irisli, and a few Kn{j:iisli and .Scotch. Tliere are two cluirches iu tlie village — Presbyterian and ^Ictliodist, and an Ejiiscopal church is erecting. A circulating library is kept up, supported by subscriptions. Population about .'J()0. Post Othee, post three times a week. Pn)fe.'."• of wjieh are under eiihivatiou. The Uiver Don runs tbrongh the west ;>i' iho town>Iii[); the lii\er Ronge iiirongii t,:eeasi; and DntiiiTs Creek thi'oii'fh the nonli-east coiinr; ail of whicli ilow inio l,;i.ke Ontirio. Tills is the si'eond tow n-hip in the pr()\ii,ce, in point of eu!tivati(ui and amount of niiable property (1 Miniiries being the first). It is well settli'd. and contains many e\ee!lent and well cultivated farms. The ian.d is genenihy roiling, and the tinib^'r u mixlnre of iiai'uwood and pine. Tlie village ot Markiiani is situated in the soinii-v.i-l of ihe township; and the vi.jages of Kielimond Mill and Thornhill are pa.'U\ in Lie tiiwn>iiip, being siuiated on the ^<)nge Street lioad. 'J'luiv ari' eleven grist a:id twem\-fmir saw nulls in the township. Population in 1^42, ."i.d'.is. Jiaiable propeity in the township. i'Sf>, .'i77. IMAHLROIUHTCTT. A Township ill the Dallionsie District; is bounded on tlie nortli-east by the township of Nortii (Jow^r ; on the norlli-west by (loulbourn; on the sonth-west by Montague; and on llie souili-east by Oxford. In Marlboroiigh 18,114 acres are taken np. y.'.i'.t;} of which are under cnltivatifm. 'J'he IJideaii River and (^aiial borders the township on the soutli-east. There is a considerable portion of good land in the townsliiji; but s mie of that on the Rideaii Canal is poorand Rtoney. and much of tiie limber is pine. In Marlborough *<,2.")4 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8*'. curr^ncj per acre. There are two saw mills in the township. Population in ls4'i. 80.3. Ratable property in the township, flO.l.")?. MARMORA. A 'F'ownship iu the Victoria District; is bounded on the east by the township of Madoc; on the north by hake; on the west by Helinont; and on the south by Rawdon. In Marmora 8, <>•-'!> acres arc taken up, 1.7(')"J ol' which are under enllivation. The Marmora i>ivir luns liinnigh the centre of the township, from iKU'th to south. .M;innora has bevui long noii'd for the excellence and richness of its iron ore, which is saiil to yield seventy-five per cent. «)f ir(m of the b.'st (pi liity. Tlure is no doubt that this township alone, under pro])( r managenienl, would Ix; capable of fuinishing siillicient iron for the consuuiption of the whole ol" Ibilisii Norili Aiuerlca. Some years since a large sum was expended in ereetin,; works for the purjiose of smelting; but the sjieculalion unl'ortnnately fell through, for want ofsuliicicnt capital. There is one grist and one saw mill in t!ie township. Marmora is but little settled, nmch of the land being uutit for cultivatiou. Sixteen thuuiiuud three hiuidred and furty-three ! lii n m 'I if! is j." 1 f i 1 ^ ■' ■ .hi ' ! ■ ' ' II M i? * V ' L : > f> .; U ' i '■ 1 ill ' i ' 112 acres of Crown lands are open for sale in this township, at Ss. currency per acre. Population iii 1842, 317. Ratable property in the township, 4;5,;3GS. MAUSI!VI[,IJ>:. A small Village in the township of WaiiiU'Ct. t^iniat'^'d on the (Irand Kiver feeder of the Wi'lland Canal, ten miles from Port Colhovne. It ontains about sixiy inhahitants, s^ri^r niili, two stores, out tavern, one blacksmith. Post Oliice, i-ost three tunes a we'-k. MAirriNT'jWN, A Villa.Qfc in vlie west of ti.e towiisiiip of Cliarlottenhura'h. situated on the Uiver aux Raisins, tlnrtt'ou miles fi'oui Cornwall. It contains about 2(J0 inua- bit.uits, and one Prt-slvytcrian (huioh. ProJi.-sioNs (inoor, and is coveiod Y.ith cedar, a consi (1 in the west corner of the townshiii; and there are three grist and ten .saw nulls in the townsli'p. Population in IS4J, 2,M7 ; who arc principally I'. E. Loyalists and thi ir de.sceii.liiiits. Uatable property in the township. XSr.'-'lt'.t. MATCMADA.'^FL A Township in the Simcoe District ; is l)oni.d'(l on the north and east by the Kivtr Sexerii; on the we.-i by the township of 'l"ay; iuni on iiie soiuli by Orinia. ^ cry little is known of tiiis township; and in 1^:4.5 there was oniy one settler iu it. 'I'here are 4(i,t)0t) acres of Crown la ids op^^n for sale in tin township, at 8.V. curreney per acre; to purcliase which application must be made to the Crown lanus a;;ent at iiarrie. MATriiADAStl «AY. .A Day at the soutli-easti-rn extremity of the Ceorgian Ray. On an island In the Ba\. called Iiea".'-o'(il Ishi"d, is a sett'etnent of Chi|ipewa Intliaus, who removed, under their chief '* Aisauce." from tlie villuye of Coluwatvf. Tiivir 113 present village was only commenced in 1844: it contains fourteen houses and a barn. Tiie number of the band is 232: they have about 100 acres under culti- vation. The majority of these Indians are Roman Catholics; they have not as yet any place of worship or school. In the former settlement they were occa« sionally visited by the Roman Catholic priest resident at Penetanguishene. MATILDA. A Township in the Eastern District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Williamsburgh; on the north-west by Mountain; on the south-west by Edwardsburgh ; and on the south-east by the St. Lawrence. In Matilda 37,765 acres are taken up, 6,518 of which are under cultivation. There is a small village in the township, called Matilda, situated on the St. Lawrence. Two hundred acres of Crown lauds are open tor sale in Matilda, at 8.v. currency per acre. There is a Methodist church in the township, and three saw mills. Population in 1842, 2,535. Ratable property in the township, ^29,064. MACHEL'S CORNERS. A Settlement on Yonge Street, twenty-six miles from Toronto. It contains about 100 inhabitants. There are in the settlement a grist and saw mill, called " HoUinshed Mills," three stores, one tavern, one blacksmith, one saddler, one shoemaker, oue tailor. MEDONTE. A Township in the Simcoe District; is bounded on the north by the township of Tay ; on tlie west by Flos ; on the south by Oro; and on the east by Orillia, In Medonte I7,.')16acros are taken up,2,465 of which are undcrcultivation. Tliure Is some good land in the township; but a large portion of it is hilly and broken, p;irr.icularly in the centre and north. Nearly in the centre of the township there is some very high la;:d, from whence both the lakes Huron and Siiueoe may be seen. In Medonte there are 2,100 acres of Crown lands for disposal, at b*. currency per acre. There are in the township one grist and three saw mills. Population in 1842, 548. RaUible property in the township, £8,584. MELANCTHON. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by tlie town- ship of Muhnur; on the north by Ospry ; on the west by Proton; and on the south by Amaranth. Melancthon has only lately been surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. Seven thousand nine hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8a. currency per acre. MERRITTSVILLE. A small vSottlcmcnt in the township of Crowhnid, one mile and a half from the junction. At this place an anueduct bus been constructed to convey the Welland Canal over the Welland or Ciiippewa River, the level of the canal being here forty feet above the surface of thr river. Merrittsville contains about luO inhabitants, five stores, three taverns, two tailors, two shoenuikers. MEUSEA- A Township in the County of Essex ; is bounded on the north by the town- ship of Tilbury West; on the West by Ciosfield; on the south by Lake Erie; and »m the i ast by Ronniey. In Mersea20,574 acresare taken np, of which 2,." it.'i are undercultivation. An extensive, triangular-shapid point of land, embracing about <■ f-'hird of the township, called "Point Pele," runs out into the lake. 'I'liis 16 principally sand and nmrsh, and incapable of being cultivated. A small f' Nil M t [ mi " i • ■!! 11 4 Hi Uh m stream, called " Sturgeon Creek," on which is a grist mill, runs from about the centre of the township into Lake Erie. The Talbot Road runs through tlie township. Five thousand eight hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sate in Mersea ; and the Canada Company possess about 7,500 acres in the township. Population of Mersea, 798. Ratable property in the township, £9,723. METHUEN. A Township in the Colbome District ; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of Lake ; on the north by unsurveyed lands ; on the west by Burleigh and Dummer ; and on the south by Belmont. There is a large, irregularly shai^ed lake situated in the north-west comer, and several smaller ones an? scattered over the centre and south of the township. This township is but little settled, and no return has yet been made from it. In Methuen 45,878 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. McGILLIVRAY. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north by the township of Stephen ; on the west by the Sable River ; on the south by "VVilliams ; and on the east by Biddulph. Most of the land in the township is good. McGiW livray contains 20,323 acres; 11,832 of which are leased or sold, of which 808 acres are under cultivation. Population 448. Ratable property in the township, i;3,912. McKILLOP. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north-east by Crown lands; on the north-west by the township of HuUett; on the south-west by Tuckersmith and Hibbert ; and on the south-east by Logan. The soil of this township is principally good. A branch of the Maitland River runs through its southern portion ; on which is a saw mill. There is a post office in the western corner of the township, on the Huron Road. McKillop contains 53,422 acres ; G,790 of which are leased or sold, of which 789 are tmder cultivation. Population 321. Ratable property in the township, .£3,025 4s. McMULLEN'S MILLS. (Sec Eiun). MIDLAND DISTRICT. Consists of the counties of Frontenac, Lennox, and /Vddington; it is bonndetl on the east by the Joluistown and Batliuvst Districts; on the north by nn.^ur- veyed lands; on the west l)y the Victoria District; and on tlie south by I^ilve Ontario and part of the Bay of Quinte. The islands of Amherst and Wolfe are included in the district. The district is watered by the Napanee, Salmon, and Cataraqui rivers, besides branches of tlie Mississipj)!, and numerous otlier small streams; and lakes of various sizes are scattered over it. The townships in the S(mth-Mest and soutli of the district, compi'isiiig Kingston, Ernestown, Freder- icksburgh, Camden, and Hiclniiond, contain excellent land. The northern townships are some of them but little settled, and Kennebec and Kalador. Olden and Oso, are altogether vacant. The foundation of the district is limestone, and in places fine marble is to be found; in the north of the district there are Ix'ds which are a continuation of those in the Bathurst Di.stvict; andu bed of niarbU? has lately been discovered in the townsliip of Camden, twenty-two miles north- west from Kingston. Much of the land in the north and east is poor and rocky and unfit for cidtivation, but land of excellent quality is said to have been lately discovered to the north of Kingston. /./ 115 fe an.' and small in the >(k'P- thcrn )lden and arbU* ortli- ■rtcky utcly The principal tovfns and villages In the district are Kingston, the district town, and lately the seat of government for the province, in the township of Kingston; Napanee, in Richmond; and IJath, in Ernestown. Three hnndred and ninety-nine thousand five hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in tlie Midland District, at 8.v. c'y per acre; to purchase any of which, applica- tion must be nuide to the Crown Lands Agent, at Napanee. Pojiulation of the district in 1842, 38,770; since when it has probably increased one-sixth. The following abstract from the assessment rolls, will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district: Data. No. of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Milch Cows. Oxen 4 years olii, and upwarils. Horned Cattle from 2 to 4 years old. Amoiiut of Uatii!ile Grist. Saw. Property. 1842 19 19 69 11,732 11,194 2022 2390 4229 4053 52fi,20l. 1843 1844 119.504 131,928 562,143. 582,556. Kingston. Government and District Officers in the Midland District: Judge of District Court S. F. Kirkpatrick... Sheritf". Thos. A. Corbett. . Clerk of Peace Jas. Nickalls Treasurer of District D. S. Smith Inspet;tor of Licenses James Sampson Registrar of County (."Frontenac Chas. Stuart '' " . 'unox. & Addington. J. Fraser, Dy Collector of Customs Thos. Kirkpatrick. District ("leik Saml. McGowan... Clerk of District Court A. Pringle Deimty CKrk of Crown Jno. S. Smyth Crowii Lands Agent Allan MoPherson.. Napanee. Emigrant ALreiit A. B. Hawke Kingston. (Thos. W. Robison, H. W. Renson, Geo. A. Detlor, Jno. W. Fer- Coroners... < guson, Chas. A. Booth, Jas. Chamberlain, Henry Davis, Lewis ( Daley, Geo. Baxter, Geo. W. Yarker, The following is the number of School Districts in the district, each of which is ,w/>/>(),v('(/ to have a school in it, but I could not ascertain the actual number of schools in ojic ration: Kiiigst(m (town) eighteen, Kingstcm (township) twenty- six, Pittsbiiruii eleven, Ernestown twenty-one, Fredericksburg nineteen, Adol- phustown lour, llielnuoud twelve, Sheffield nine, Camden thirty -one. l/imghbo- nmgh seven, Storrington seven, Bedford two, Amherst Island live, Wolfe Island (I M « « seven ^illDDLETON. A ToMuship in the Talbot District, is bounded on the east by the township of Windham, on the north by Norwich and Dereham, on the west by Bayliam, and on the south by Walsingham. In Middleton 13.249 acres are taken np, • 97(5 of whieii are \inder cultivation. Otter creek runs through the north-west earner of the township, and a branch of Big Creek through the east of the township. The laud in Middleton is generally light, and the timber mostly pine; large (pumtities of which are sawn up, and exported. The village of k2 H 0: ■4 i II I'j'i I - ' 1 1 .'i ' i i ■ (I ■ ■ V 1 I I ^ m tf ! 116 Middleton is situated in the township, on the Talbot street. There are sereo tiftw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 555. Ratable property in the township, £7673. MIDDLETOWN. A Village in the township of West Gwillimbury, two miles west of Bradford, on the Bond Head road, contains about fifty inhabitants. There is a good and comfortable tavern, one blacksmith, one wheelwright, one shoemaker, one carpenter. MILFORD. A small Village in the south-west corner of the township of Marysburgh, It contains about 100 inhabitaits, grist and saw mill, one blacksmith, one shoe maker, one tailor. MILL CREEK. A Village in the township of Ernestown, situated on the eastern road thirteen miles west from Kingston, contains about 150 inhabitants, who have a Catholic church. Post Office, post every day. Professions and Trades. — One grist and saw mill, carding machine and fulling mill« planing machine, two stores, three taverns, two tailors, two shoemakers. MILLBROOK. A Village in the township of Cavan, situated a little south of the centre of the township. It contains about 250 inhabitants, who have a Methodist chapel. Professions and Trades. — Two physicians and surgeons, one grist and saw mill, one distillery, one tannery, four stores, two taverns, two waggon makers, four blacksmiths. Post Office, post twice a week. MILLE ROCHES. A Village in the township of Cornwall, five miles from the town ot Cornwall. It is situated between the River St. Lawrence and tlie Cornwall canal. It was once flourishing, but the formation of the Cornwall Canal has cut it off from tJ'.e surrounding country. A quarry of splendid black lime stone, resembling black marble, and which takes a beautiful polish, is situated close to the village. Mille Roches contains a grist and saw mill, carding machine and fulling null, and two stores. Post Office, post eveiy day. MILTON MILLS.— (&c Lambton.) MILLVILLE, OH ELLOTT'S MILLS. A small Village in the township of Darlington, six miles north of Bowman - vtUe. It contains about 150 inliabitants, grist and saw mill, two stores, one tavern, one blacksmith, one tailor, one shoemaker. MIMICO. A Village in the township of Etobicoke, situated on Dundas Street, on the Etobicoke Creek, nine miles and a half from Toronto. It contains about 150 inhabitants. A neat Wesleyan chapel is erected, and an Episcopal church is in course of erection. Miraico contains two saw -mills, one store, one physician and surgeon, two taverns, one blacksmith, one butcher, one baker, two slioemakers, two wheel- wrights and waggon makers, two carpenters and joiners, one tailor. sereis Iford, good :, one urgh. shoe irtoen tholic ailing ikers. tre of hapel. I saw ikers. iwalL -was lom iling |la§e. lan- I one the Il50 Is in Iwo 117 MINTO. A To^rnsliip in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by Arthur; <'3n the north by Nomianby; and on the west and south by unsurveyed lands. Minto has only lately been surveyed an-l \f'l oat, and no return has yet been •'made from it. MISSISSIPPI RIVER. A Tributary of tlie Ottawa; two branches of which take their rise in the north of the Midland District; the south branch flows through the townships of Olden, Oso, South Sherbrooke, Bathurst, and into the west corner of Drummond, where it is joined by the north branch, which takes its rise in a chain of lakes in the townships of Barrie, Clarendon, and Palmerston, and flows through North Sherbrooke and Dalhousie. The two branches unite in Drummond, and soon afterwards the river expands into the Mississippi Lake, which extends through the north-east of Drummond and the west of Beckwith, near the north-west comer of which township it terminates. The river then passes through the 'north-east of Ramsay, the east of Pakenham, and the west of Fitzroy, and enters the Ottawa a little below Lake Chats. The river is joined in its course by several smaller branches. Large quantities of thuber are cut on its banks, 'which are carried down the Ottawa. MISSISSIPPI ISLAND.— (5ee Fitzboy HAanotrft.) MOIRA RIVER, A River, numerous branches of which take their rise in, and are spread over the several townships of Marmora, Madoc, Tudor, Elzevir, Grimsthorpe, Kal»- dor, and Sheffield. They unite in a small lake which is situated a little north- west of the centre of Hungerford; and the river then flows on to the Bay of Quinte, passing through the north-west corner of Tyendenaga, and across the township of Thurlow, in which township, at the tOM'n of Belleville, it entei'S the bay. MONAGHAN, SOUTR A Township in the Newcastle District; is bounded on the east and north by the Otonabee River and North Monaghan; on the west by Cavan; and on the south by Hamilton and Rice Lake. In South Monagban 14,896 acres are taken up, 6233 of which are under cultivation. A considerable swamp extends through the north of this township. The land is of mixed qualities — good, bad, and indifferent Timber — hardwood, intennixed with pine. In South Monagban 100 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. Population in 1842, 719. Ratable property in the township, 13,085. MONAGHAN, NORTH. A Township in the Colborne District; is bounded on the east by the Otonabee River; on the north by the townsliip of Smith; on the west by Cavan; and on the south by Hamilton and Rice Lake. In Monagban 10,138 acres are taken up, 3205 of which are under cultivation. This township is well settled by a mixed population. The town of Peterborough is situated at itS north-east corner, on the Otonabee River. There are three grist-mills, two saw-mills, and three distilleries in the township. In Monagban only 180 acres of Crown lands are open for sale at 8s. c'y per acre. Ratable property in the township, £20,416. M P. ! ' 1 i ' If. i; 1 1 1 li ail i. I \ i I l« ■ 'f 'tl; I : ilil! I U ; f ' ' ! IH irr^ I s :; !: !i ■ : '. 1 t :, 118 MONO. A Township in the Simcoe District ; is bounded on the north hy tl)o townsiiip of Maimer; on the west by Amaranth, on the soutli by Garal'raxa and Caledon; and on the east by Adjala. In Mono 28,229 acres are taken up, ;UOS of wliich aj'e under cultivation. There are some well cultivated farms in the township, 8Ioore, at S.v. c'y per acre. Population, about 780. Ratable property iu the township, £9, .'523. MORNING TON. A Township in the Wellington District, formerly a portion of what wa^; called "Queen's Bush"; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Mary- hi.irough; on the north-west by unsurveyed lands; on tiie south-west by FJIiee. a.nd on the south-east by Wellesley. Morningtou has only lately lx;en surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. MORPETH, OR JAMESVILLE. A ^'illage in the township of Howard, pleasantly sitiuited on Talbot road, ii: (Jie midst of a beautifully undulating country; one mile and a-half from Lake Ei'ie. Contains a post-office, post three times a-week ; three stores, two taverns, two blacksmiths, one distillery, one cabinet maker, one tailor, two carpenters. MOSA. A Township in the London District; is bounded on the north-east by Ekfrld and Brooke; on the west by Brooke and Zone; and on the south -. 1,2G.'),000 foct. Ashes 1,152 buishcls. Flour I,i20r) banvls. Wheat 13,i:u bushcjls. Pipe Staves 4,000 West Indian do 15,000. NAPANEE RIVER. A River, difiFerent branches of which take their rise in the north of the Mid* iand District, in the townships of Sh».'ffield. Hinohinbrooko, and Loujihboronfrh; they unite close to the west line of the town.>el. Pi-dfiKslons anff Tnidrs. — Two grist mills, two saw do., one carding machine and fulling mill, axe f;ietorv and trip hammer, four stores, one tavern, two gro- ceries, three blacksmiths, one pot and pearl asliery. NEW EDINBURGH. A Village in the north-west corner of the townsliip of Gloucester, situated on the Ottawa, at the uioutii of the river Rideau, about one mile east from Bytown. T!k' river, a short di>-iaiiee above the village, divides into two branches, which fall into the Ottinvii. forming two perpendicular falls of about thirty-four feet in lieiglit. The scenery about the village is very picturesijue. New Edinburgh ctmtains about !.")(» inhabitants, one grist mill, one saw do., brewery, carding machine and cloth factory, two stores, one shoemaker. NEW HOPE. A small Village in the township of Waterloo, four miles from Preston, on the Guelpli road. >itu:ited ou the River Sp^ed. It contains about 100 iuhabi- tants, om' grist and saw mill, one tannery, one tavern, one store, one pail factory, two hjacksmitlis. two tailors, two shoemakers. NEWCASTLE DISTRICT. Consist* of the coi.nfies of Northumberland and Durham. This district for- uutIv eouiprisetl tiie townsliiii^- to the north, wliieh have since been separated from it, and fornidl into the CollKU-ne district, which bounds it on the north; «Di the east if is bci\iided bv the \'ietoria l)istriet; on the wi>st bv the llonu* District; ;iud ou tii.- ■mmuIi bv l.aki' Outar n>. li streams; oiie of the best of which is, that which enters Lake On.ario at i'lU't Hope. Tlie laud in thi-^ distrier varit s in quality, most of it, however, is sutlicientty ^Hxl (or agrieultnral piu'poses. A range of Cak Plains, called " Uiee I-alce rhiius," vxteU'ls tlm)iii;li tin' tuwn.diip of ^lurray, tlie north of Cramiihe, and llaldinuii'd, the ceiilr ' of ilaiuil.(;H and Hope, and a suuiil portion of Clarkis Tiiese plains were (oi'im ily diUien.i of sale, ;nid would not eotiunand more than 4.V. cm'reuey per acre, fill tiiey wer.' diseovertd by some settlers from the neigl>- l>ourhoad <»i' IJrautlord. who had been accustomed to farming tlie oak plains, mid knew their vahn'. and who made smiie purchases of ])art of them. TlieSB KiMMi asi.ni-ihed their iieiLilihuur.. hy the faeility with which they cleared (3ie laud, and the t xecljeiiee of their wheat eiops;' the latti'r having suppos«'4, from tlie liulil and sandv uatur.' of tiie soil, that it was valueless. The cons**- .jn •nee was, tha! the ouk "lains bic.ime in demand; and instead of four shillin jVr acre, tiny now fetcli lour JollarsI Thy Uuid in the Newcastle Dislrict 15 123 The townships in front of the district are all very well settled, the fnmis are veil cleared and in a good state of cultivation, and mo-^t of the houses hiiw ordiards attached to theui. The district is peopled pr icipally by eniijrrants from Great Britain and Ireland, most of whom are in good eircunistances. iiargc quantities of wheat and other prain, all of excellent quality, are raised in the district. A new gravelled road has lately been made from Port Hope to ilicv Lolie. Oobourg, the district town, is well laid out, and is a place of considerable iNisiness. Port Hope, Bowmanviile, Newcastle, Colborne, Grafton, Brighton, snd Trent, are also thriving villages. Four thousand live hundred and fifty acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the district, at 8.v. currency per acre, to purchase any of which api)lication must l)e r.iade to the Crown lands agent at Port Hope. Population in 1842, 32,033; since when it has probably incr'ased one-fifth. The following abstract from the Assessment Rolls will show tlie rate of inci'ease and imp.ovemeut in the district: — I)8tt>. Ko. of Acres MILL S. Milch Cows. Oxen, -1 yo.irs olii, and Ildrnoil Cattle, from 2 to I Amotint of l!at:il.le Cultivated. Orist. Saw. upwiiriis. ycurs old. I'loiHM-tj:. 1842 1843 1844 167,463 14!t,777 160,1 93 37 36 34 82 it!) 113 10,638 11, 6.") 7 10,327 3S44 4205 4126 4944 .')6i;4 471S £424,122 446.408 474,0,Vj GovernincDt and Dl.struU i\\d>xc of District Court Sheriff Treasurer ClerK of Peace In.>;])i ctiU" of Licenses Disiiiet CKrk Beglstrar of county Durham Do. Noi'llmniberlaud Judge of .'^arrogate Court Registrar of do DfpiUy Cii'i'k of < 'row" Oeriv (if Distriet < 'oiiri O'o^* n Lauds Agt'Ut f)JsU''.ct Superintendent of Schools Collectors of Customs , Cottuiei-s . Ollicrrs in the Xetcciistle Dlstrirl ; Georiie M. Boswell... Col oiri'. Henry Kuttan Do. Zaeeheus Uunihani ... l>o. Tlidiiias Ward Port Hopt^. (i'.'orge S. Daintry ... Cobourg. Moi'i'.aM .lilK'tt..." l>o. 'I'liniuas Ward Port Hope, Geoi'ut' Boiilton Coboiirg. Tlionuis ^^'ard Port Iltipe. :M. v. Whitehead Do. Htiiry .lou'.'s Hauiilton. Hi'tiry CoviM't ('obi'in\u. Kllas P. Smith Port Il(>iic, ilolin Steele (irafton. Will. II. Kilsoii Col^oiiri:'. M. V. Whit.'li.'ad Port llor,e. IKiiry S. Ueid |)arliii!:;oiL Joliii Short lirlgliioa. Beiijatiiin F.wiiig lialdi.iiaiiil. 'I'hoiiias V. Ttipper... Cavtiii. David Ib'odie ('ol>oiirg. Donald Caiupbell Colborne, William Lawson Cavaii. R. D. Cliatterton Coboiirg. ,Ioim .N'ott I>avliiiL'toa. lleiiiy Mend Brighton. Jacob Ford Trent I'ort. Bciijauiiu Bird Port Hopt. ^i • I I,. i>: If f !•■ iflt: ' :;. '.i ,1' ; lii ! 124 Knmhrr of Common Schooh in operation in the. Nnrcastle District. — Darltng* ton, sixteen; Clarke, eight; Hope, thirteen: Hamilton, nine; Haldimand, sis- teen; C'ramahe, seventeen; Murray, twenty-four; Seymour, three; Percy, ono; Alnwick, one; South Monaghau, five; Cavan, seventeeu; Manvers, one; Cart- Mright, two. Total, 133. NEWCASTLE. A pretty little Village in tlie towiishij) of (^lark, five miles east from Bow- manvillt', and seventeen from Port Hope; it contains about 300 inhabitants, ''liurclu's and cha[)els two, viz., Methodist and Congregational. There is an K4)ise()i)al church a mile and a-half from the village. Post OtKce, post every day. 7V«/(',s\/(i//.s ini(t Trades. — Eight stores, one druggist, two tanneries, two taverns, one axe factory, two saddlers, lour blacksmiths, two waggon makers, four tailors, two shoe makers. NEWMARKET. A Village in the township of Whitchurch, three miles and a-lialf from Hol- land Landing, ami about thirty miles from Toronto. It is situated on the east lu'anch of the Holland River, in the midst of a finely undulating, old settled, aiul well cultivated country, and is surrounded by very fine farms. The villagB was comiut'uct'd about thirty years since, and was originally scttlcti by Ponn- sylvauian Quakers. The principal part of it is built on the south side of a gently sloi)ing hill, forming one long narrow street ; the remainder of the village is built on the side of a hill, a little to the east. Newmarket contains about tiOO inhabitants. There are six churches and chapels, vi/.. Episcopalian, Presby- terian, Ciitliolic. Congregational, Methodist, and Christian. Post Oflice, post every day in summer, and three times a week in M'inter. I'rof'es.sinnn (iiid Tniifvs. — Three physicians and surgeons, two grist-milK, two breweries, one distillery, one tannery, one foundi-y, one carding nujchine and cloth factory, five stores, three taverns, one druggist, one painter, two ladies seniiuarii's, one gunsmith, two cabinet makers, three blacksmiths, one watch maker, one tinsmith, six shoemakers, three waggon makers, two saddlers, thrett tailors, four carpenters, (Uic hatter. NEWPORT, OR IHRCH'S LANDING. A Settlement lately started in the south-east of the township of Rnintford, on the Cirand River, fcu.r miles from the town of Rrantford. It contains at pres^-nt about sixty inhabitants, one store, one tavern, and two storehouses for storing grain. NEWTON, OR CLARKE. A Village in the township of Clarke, twelve miles from Port Hope, laid out in the year 1834, coutuins about 130 inhabitants, who have u Presbyterian clmrch. Post Office, post every day. I'rti/is.sinns (iiiil Triidcs. — 'I'hrce stores, one tannery, three taverns, one wagiron maker, one m heelwright and chair maker, two blacksmiths, one cooper, lour shoemakers. NIAC.ARA DISTRICT. Consists of the counties of Lincoln and Welland. and the county of Hald^ maud, except the townships of Seneca, Oneida, Rainham, and Walpole. Tlw district is boinided on the north by Lake Ontario; on the east by the Niapim River ; on the south by Lake Erie ; and cm the west by the Core and Talbot di^tricta. The principal part of the district ctmsists of a high table loud, ubotit 125 150 feet above the level of the lake, which approaches at Stony Creek to \rlthin about a mile and a half of the lake; it then gradually recedes till it crosses the Niagara River above Queenston, seven miles from Lake Ontario. This is a very old settled district, a large part of it having been peopled soon after the American war of independence. The foundation of the table land cousists of limestone and freestone, which are worked at different places ; water-lime and gypsum are also found in considerable quantities in the town- diips of Oneida, Cayuga, and Thorold. The land of the district is mostly rolling, it is generally of very good quality, consisting for the most part of a mixture of clay and loam, in those portions timbered with hardwood, and light sandy soil where the timber consists of pine. In some parts of the district, as in the neighbourhood of the town of Niagara, are extensive oak plains ; tlie most easily cleared, and cultivated of any kind of land, and under proper culti- vation producing wlieat of excellent quality. A large portion of the district is settled by Americans and their descendants, and native Canadians, and there are also a considerable number of Pensylvanian I>utch, neither of whom make first-rate fanners ; so that, although the farms in tlie district are as well situated, and cleared, as any one could desire, tliey are generally bailiy cultivated, and many of them are beconnng w'^at the proprietors ciiU ii'orn-diif, which means in reality, that they have been taking too much wtu-at otf the ground, and putting too little manure on it. I was informed that many of the farmers had been in the habit of growing latterly not more than tcJi or twelve bushels of wheat to the acre. Some of them, however, are iK'giuning to iinj)rove, and to folhnv the example of the English and Scotch farmers settled amongst tlu-m, and are beginning to alter their mode of farming; UKist of them luivo fine orchards. The best settled townships in the district, arc those of Bertie, Pelham, Stam- f(U-d, Thorold, Crantham, Niagara and Clinton. Grimsby and Gainsborough We also well settled. The district is watered 1>y the Grand River, which enters I^ake Erie between tlie to\vnsliii)s of Dunn and Sherbrooke ; the Welland river, which flows through nearly the centre of the district, and enters '.he Niagara River between the townships of St;imfonl and Wijloiinhby, and numerous small streams, wliich are wuittered over it. 'i'he 'N\'elland ("anal enters the district at the north-west corner of the t()wnshi|)of Gr;inthiiin,;nul strikes the Wetland IJiver in the town- ship of Thorold ; alter leaving the Welland River, it divides into two branches in the township of CroMlund, one of which rims straight cm to Luke Erie, and tlu' other passe-, thfougli the township of Wainlleet. and enters the (Jrand River in Moiilton. The land in the district has greatly increased in value since the tonnation of the Welland Canal. In the neiglihourhood of Port <'<)lboriu' is a hi^li hill or nituunl, of a conical form, called "Sugar-loaf Hill;" from the ttatemeut respecting the number of common schools In operation in the district. t^roners . NIAGARA RIVER and FALLS. The Niagara River receives the waters of Lake Erie, and couveys tlit-m to LaJout seven broad at its w'ldeex jtart This island belougs to tin: rate of nount of datable roperty. 578,179 590,737 617,085 on. urine's. ingon. obtain 11 in thf ln'jn to Lml tltt> Lr ; aikd lutTieau and a 10 iniLeB lio niilfS L to tlK' 127 Americans. A little to the north-west of Grand Island is sitnated "Savy Island, noted for having been taken possession of during the late rebellion by a party of rebels and American vagabonds (who styled themselves '' si/hiixitliizers"')', and opposite whence the American steamboat "Caroline" (wliioh was used to assist them by carrying ammunition and stores from the American side to the island), was cut out, set on fire, and sent over the Falls. The rapids commence about the lower portion of Navy Island ; and from thence to the verge of the Horse-shoe Fall there is a descent of fifty-seven feel- to the verge of the American Fall the descent is fifty-two feet. The Horse-shoe, which is the principal Fall, is on the Canadian side ; from a portion of the rock in the centre of the Fall having been carried away a few years since, it has no longer the form of a horse-shoe, but more resembles two sides of a triangle: it is about 190U feet across, and the fall is 158 feet. The American Fall is about 920 feet across, and the fall is 1G4 feet. The whole width of the river at the Falls is about three-quarters of a mile. A large island, called Goat, or Iris Island, divides the American from the Horse-shoe Fall. On the Canadian side, almost on the verge of the Horse-shoe Fall, and jnst below it, is the " Table Rock," a large flat ledge of rock which projects over the torrent : portions of this rock have fallen from time to time; and there is a large fissure in the rock, wliich should warn visitors to be careful how they venture upon it. It imti/ stand for many years ; but no doubt the time will come when the whole rock will give way, and it is more than probable that some curious personage will go with it. As there is nothing to be gained by venturing upon it, it is better to remain on the safe side. A little above the Horse-shoe Fall are two small islands, called "Long Island," which is near the shore; and "Gull Island," situated opposite the centre of the Horse-shoe Fall, and which is supposed ne%'VT to have been trodden by the foot of human being: both these islands are covered with cedar. On the American side there are also several islands ; three of which, situated opposite the south-east of Goat Island, are called " The Sisters." On the American side a small portion of the stream has been diverted from itfi course to turn the machinery of a paper mill ; and, what is truly characteristic ricau side, is to draw ail H: !S , m ix i' ^Mii \' \: i; ,: \i 128 travelers to that side, by painting everything to he seen there in the brightest colours, and throwing all points of interest on the Canadian side into the shada One-and-twenty pages of this precious production are taken up with what the compiler calls a "chronological table, containing the principal events of the late war between the I'nitcd States and Great Britain;" the whole of which might be summed up in four words — "we licked the British." To sell this pamphlet on the other side, in order to gratify the inordinate vanity of his countrymen, might answer the purpose of the author very well, and prove a profitable adjunct to his trade in walking sticks ; but to send it over to Canada to be sold, is a piece of impudence almost unparallelled, even among the/;ee and independent citizens. The principal hotels on the Canadian side are the Clifton House and the Pavilion Hotel; both of which are at present under the same management There are several other houses in the immediate neighbourhood; and parties wishing to stay for a few weeks, for the purpose of enjoying the scenery of the Falls and the surrounding neighbourhood (probably the most magnificent in the world), will have no difficulty in procuring accommodation in private boarding houses. The " Cataract House," on the American side, is a large building, kept by an American general; therefore, those who have any ambition to visit a house kept by an American general, may have an opportunity of doing so. The Falls are two miles from Chippewa, and seven from Queenston; between which places a railroad has been constructed, and during the summer cars run daily, conveying passengers to the Falls. Tlie Falls, however are very magnv- fieent in the winter, and equally well worth seeing, the rocks at the sides being (jucrusted with icicles, some of them measuring perhaps fifty or sixty feet in length. During the winter stages run daily from St. Catharines to Chippe^va, whence private conveyances may be obtained to the Falls. Occasionally, from the immense quantity of ice carried over the Falls, the channel becomes com- pletely choked and blocked up a short distance below the Falls, so as to become passable for foot passeniors. This Avas the case during the winter of 184i)-6, when a path was marked out across the ice opposite the Clifton House; and son't; enterprising Wtnhec, intent on money-making, erected a shanty on the ice in the centre of tlie river for the sale of refreshments. Three miles below the Falls is a whirlpool, which is caused by a sudden bend in the river, and M'liich is also well worth visiting; and four miles l)c'l()w the whirlpool is the village of Queenston. Here the river becomes navigable foF steamboats; the ciirrint is still rapid, but not sufficiently so to impose any obstacles in the way of steamboats ; and seven miles lower down, at tlio mouth nl' the river, where it discharges itself into Lake Ontario, is the town of Niagaiu. From Lake Erie to the rapids, a distance of sixteen miles, the fall of the river is not more than twenty feet; in the rapids, in a quarter of a mile, the fall is forty feet ; at the Falls, one hundred and sixty-four feet; and between tlie Falls and (^lei'u.^ton, a distance of seven miles, one hundred and one feet. The Falls of Ningara are supposed at one time to have been situated at tlw Queenston Heights, and to have gradually receded, from the wearing away of the rocks. NI AG AR A. (Forwcrli/ called NEWAnK.) The District Town of the Niagara District, in the tOM'uship of Niagara, situated at the entrance of the Niagara River, forty-eight miles by land from Hamilton, and thirty-six by water trom Toronto. Niagara is a very old town, and was for five or six years the capital of the country. It was settled by Colonel Simcot', when Lieutenant Governor of the province, and was incorjM)- rated in the ye;ir 1845. It has been a place of considerable trade, before tin? (queuing of the Wclland Canal. < >n the east side of the town is a large military ri'sene. vVbout half a mile up the river are the ruins of Fort George, where the remains of General Brock were originally interred •> they were removed in foF any :oiith rom own, dby irpo- tlie itary here id in 1-29 1824 to Qnecnston heights, and a monnment erected over them. At Fort Mississaga, wliioh is a little below tlie entrance of tlie river, a company of rifles, and a few artillerymen are stationed. The jail and court-house are situated ahout one mile south-west from tlie town, and the barracks are about midway between the town and jail. A new town-hall and court-house are intended to be erected by the Corporation during the present season. There are in the town a fivi.' coiMpiir.y, witli two engines, and a hook and ladder company. Churches and chapels five, viz., Kpiscopal (stone), Presbyterian (brick), Catholic, Metho- di-.t, and Maptist. Two newspapers are published weekly, the " Niagara Chro- nicle." and '• Argus." Steamboats run daily, as long as the weather will allow of it, from Toronto to Niagara and Queenston ; and during the summer, boats run also from Hamilton to Niaiiara. The Niagara lliver, from the swiftness of its current, being generally free from ice up to Queenston, except at the breaking up of the frost in file spring, when it occasionally becomes blocked up with ice carried down the stream from above. Tlie Niagara Harbour and Dock Company were incorporated in the year IS.^O. and have ship-yards at Niagara and Chippewa. The machinery belong- ing to the esrablishment is of a very perfect description, worked by a stiam- engine. and adapted for work of a superior kind, as the vessels turned out by the Comjiany suthciently prove; one of wiiich, the steamboat "Loudon," which ckjmnienced nuuiing in the spring of 1^4;), is the fastest boat on the upper lakes, and a very beautiful model. The (,\)mpany usually employ about loO hands; and, wlien particularly busy, have emi)loy('d as manj' as oaO. There is also on the premises a marine railway, large enough for hauling up vessels of the first class. The following vessels and engines were built by the Niagara Harbour aid Dock (\)ini)aiiy between the years l.S.'J2 and 1S.'39. — stcainfxKit.s : Traveller, 400 tons. Experiment, 200 tons and 2.) horse power engine, Queen, J.">0 tons and 2 "j horse power, and Core, 200 tons Uiid 4,"j horse power; >-cliijom'i:i : Jesse Woods, Pi'ince.-s, Fanny, Toi'onfo, Sovereign, l.jO tons eacii; Lam/ riK/iiics: one of 12, o:ie of 14, and one of 20 horse pow.-r. Vessela and engines built iiy the Niagara Harbour and D;;ck Company, between the years It^.T.) and 184.'5. — ^Yet/z/i/wwAs' ; Sovereign, 400 tons and 7") horse power, CMty of Toronto. 400 tons and two eriglnes of 4") iiorse power each. Princess Royal, 444 tons and 80 horse power, America, .'?20 tons and fiO horsepower. Chief Justice Robinson, 400 tons and 75 hor'^e power. Admiral, 400 tons and GS iiors • power, Eclipse, ■').")0 tons and 65 iior-e power, Minos, 4.)0 tons. Emerald, 250 tons a. id 5o horse power, Lon- don, 450 tons and 75 horse power. Dart, 75 tons and 25 horse power. Oak, 75 tf.ns and IH horse power, Ceni, 75 tons and •'32 liorse jiower, Sliainrock, 75 tons ar^d '32 liorse jiower, Ann, 75 tons and -'32 horse ])C/wer; Pro/wHers : Adventure, JLagle, anil Traveller, each [M tons and 25 hor-y," powei'; Scltuuitiis : William Cayley, Shannon, Clyde, and Shamrock, 150 tons each; Barges: eighteen, of 40 tons each; Kinjincs: two of 50 Iiors > ptnv.T for sreamlmat Ontario, (me of 45 hor-e power for the Porcujiine, (me of 25 lun'se power for the IJurlinuton. one of 15 iun-se power for the projieller Precursor, atni one of 15 horse power for the propellor St. Tliomas; Land emjini'.s: one of 5, one of 8, four of 12, and one of 20 iiorse power. Now building, — one steamboat of ^00 tons and 150 horse power. Niagara is a pleasant place to reside in, particularly during the siuuuier months. Post Office, post every day. T.ie following Cover. inieiit and District Offiees are kept in Niagara: Judge of Disiricf t'ourt. Sheriff, Clerk of Peace. Registrar, Judge of Siirif)g;iu' Court, Inspectvir of Eiej-ns?-, (\)ileetor if Custom,-, Crown J.aiuls Agent, Treasurer, District (?lerk. Clerk of District Cimrt, Deputy Clerk of Crowns Professions ami Trades, — Tliree physicians and surgeons, nine lawvt.-r.s. one f un Iry, tv.oive stores, — taverns, two chemists and druggisti;, three iiooAseihrs. and stationers, two saddlers, four waggon makers, two watchmakers, one giin- ■|i f; ' V . ■ c " !? w i' If H ■II 1 ;■ !tii ! I s ! i I'l V 130 Vr > i .,i V smith, two tallow-chandlers, marble works, two printers, two cabinet makers, one hatter, four bakers, two livery stables, two tinsmiths, three biacksmiliis, six tailors, seven shoemakers, one tobacconist, one bank agency, "Upper Canada." Principal Taverns. — " Howard's," and " Moffatt's." The quantity of wheat shipped from Niagara is small, amounting in 1844 to only 6000 bushels; but large quantities of apples, peaches, and cider are shipped annually. NIAGARA. A Townsh'p in the Niagara District, is bounded on the east by the Niagara River; on the north by Lake Ontario; on tiie west by Grantham ; and on the south by Stamford. In Niagara 20,323 acres are taken up, 10,555 of which are under cultivation. This is an old and well settled Township, containing good farms, and flourishing orchards. The toAvn of Niagara is situated in the north- east corner of the township, and the villages of Queenston and St. David's in the south-east of the township; the two former on the Niagara River. The timber of the township is a mixture of hard wood and pine, and there is a considerable extent of oak plains in the east of the township. A mill stream, called " Four Mile Creek." waters the north of the township, and flows into Lake Ontario. There are three grist and two saw-mills in the township. Population in 1841, 2109; a large portion of whom are emigrants from Great Britain. Ratable property in the township, £36,172. NICHOL. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the north-east by the townships of Eramosa and Garafraxa; on the north-west by Peel; on the south- west by Woolwich; and on the south-east by Guelph In Nichol 20.482 acres are taken up, 5,392 of which are under cultivation. This is a long narrow township, it is well settled, and contains excellent land, the greater part of which is rolling, and timbered with hard wood. The Grand River runs across the north of the township, on which are situated the villages of Fergus and Elora; and a short distance west from the latter village is a Scotch settlement, called "Irvine Settlement. There are two grist and four saw-mills in the township. Population in 1842, 1019, who are principally from Scotland. Ratable property in the township, £16,479. NIPISSING LAKE. A large Lake to the north-west of Laki- Huron; about ninety-five miles north from Penetanguishine. It is connected with the Georgian Bay by French River, and with the Ottawa by the south-west branch. The passage, however, from the Georgian Bay to the Ottawa, can only be made in canoes, on account of the obstructions caused by portages in the south-west branch, and by rapids in French Ri^er. There are several islands in the lake, som^. of which are inhabited by Indians, who number somewhere about 200. Lake Nipissing is noted for its immense flocks of wild geese. French River has four portages; it is a considerable stream, and is in some places a mile in widtli, being studded with islands. It has three mouths or entrances into the Geo', gian Bay. f-; NISSOURL A Township in the Brock District; is bounc^sd on the east by the township of Zorra; on the north by Downie aijd Blanshard; on the west by London; and on the south by North Dorchester and North Oxford. In Nissouri 29,784 acres are taken up, 5,918 of which are under cultivation. The north branch of the Thames runs through the north-west of the township, and there are several smaller branches spread over it. There is a swamp in the south-west corner of the township. The village of St. Audi'ews is situated near the south- 131 n •: * north liver, from lof th« jids in h are ^ is \os; it idded iship and jiCres |fth« i^eral irnor \uth- cast corner, on the town-line, partly in Nissouri and partly in North Dorchester. The land in Nissouri is generally of excellent quality, and the timber the best kinds of hard wood. There are two grist and two saw-mills iu the township. Nissouri contains a mixed population, which in 1842 amounted to 1460, Ratable property in the township, £17,298. ' ' NORFOLK.— (.SVc Talbot District.) NORMANBY. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by Egre- mont; on the north by Bentinck; on the west by imsurveyed lands; and on the south by Minto. This township has only lately been surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. NORMANDALE. A Village near the centre of the south of the township of Charlotteville, situ- ated on Lake Erie; has been settled about twenty-five years. A blast furnace, for smelting iron ore, has been in operation since 1823. It is supplied with ore, of the description called " bog ore," from this and the adjoining townships. As much as three or four thousand tons of ore have been found within the space of a few acres. The ore yields from twenty to thirty-five per cent, of iron; but averages twenty-seven per cent., and is worth at the furnace from $2^ to $2^ per ton. The furnace is kept in operation about ten months in the year, and when in blast produces about four tons of iron per day. There is also in the establishment, a cupola furnace, and castings of all descriptions are made. There are in the village, a machine shop, blacksmith, one store, one tavern, one tailor, two shoemakers. Population about 300. Post Office, post twice a-week. NORVAL. A Village in the township of Etquesing, situated on the Credit River, twelve miles north-west from Dundas Street. It contains about 200 inhabitants. There are two churches in the village — Episcopal and Presbyterian. Professions and Trades. — One grist mill, one oatmeal do., one saw do., one distillery, one tannery, two blacksmiths, one saddler, two stores, one tavern, one waggon maker, two tailors, three shoemakers. NORWICH. A Township i i the Brock District, is bounded on the east by the townships of Burford and Windham ; on the north by East Oxford, and a small portion of West Oxford; jn the west by Dereham; and on the south by Middletown. In Norwich, 48,463 acres are taken up, 14,243 of which are under ctdtivation. Several branches of Big Creek are distributed over the township. The land in the north of the township is of excellent quality, and timbered with hardwood: in the south, the land is generally light, and the timber principally pine; lar^e quantities of which are exported. The village of Norwichville is situated in the north-east of the township; and the village of Otterville in the south, on Otter Creek. There are four grist and seven saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 2747; who are principally of American descent, with a few English and Irish. Ratable property in the township, £42,962. NORWICHVILLE. A Village in the east of the township of Norwich, pleasantly situated on Otter Creek — contains about 180 inhabitants. Post Office, post three times a week. l2 ii ( m 132 1 '■: i \ ^ 1 HI: i ) I', 1' \ V ir' Professimi.t (fnd Tracks. — One physician and surgeon, one grist mill, carding^ maciiine and fulling mill, one distillery, one tannery, four stores, two taverns, one chair maker, one waggon maker, one blacksmith, one tailor, one shoemaker. NORWOOD, OK KEKLEIl'S MILLS. A Village in the east of the township of .Vsi)Ii()(lel, ten miles south-oast from Warsaw, and six miles north from tho Trent River. It contains alx)ut 1:20 inhabitants. There are some line lime-stone (jiiarries in the neiglibourhood. In Norwood is a Congregational chapel; also a grist and saw mill, tannery, three stores, one tavern, two blacksmiths. Post Office, post three times a-week. NORTIirMKEHLAND. A County in the Newcastle District— comprises the toAvnships of Alnwick, Cramahe, Hamilton, Haldiniand, South jMonaghan, Murray, Percy and Sey- mour. It returns a member to the House of Assembly. NOTTAWASACA. A Township in the Simcoe District; is bounded on the north by NottaAvasaga Bay; on the west by the tt)M-nshi])s of CoUingwood and Ospry; on the south by Mulmur and a small portion of Melancthou; and on the east by Suiuiidale. In Nottawasaga 18,850 acres are taken up, lo.'W of which are under cultivation. The townsliip is well watered by numerous syiiali streams, and a large portion of the townsliip is good land. A village, called lliiroiuario, has been lately started on the bay, where tliere are a grist and saw mill, and store. There are large quantities of fine cedav on the bay. There is a (juarrv in the townsliip, of the stone of Avhich excellent grind-stones are nuinvifaetiu'ed; lime-stone also is abundant. In Nottawasaga, there are 7900 acres of Crown lands open for sale at S*-. currency per acre. Tliere are three grist and three saw mills in the township. Pojmlation in 1842, 420; who are principally Scotch. Katable property in the township. £7877. NOTTAWASAGA RAY. A large Bay, situated in the south of the Georgian Bay. It receives tlie Nottawasaga liiver. NOTTAWASAGA RIVER. A River; difterent branches of Avhich take their rise in the high lands in the townships of Albion, Tecuiiiseth, ]Mono, Meianctlion, Mulmur, and Innisfil; and are spread besides over the toAvuships of Adjala, West Gwillinibuv)', Essa, Tossorontio, Vespra, Flos, and Siuinidale; in Avliicb latter toAvnshii) the riA-er enters the NottaAvasaga Bay. The NottaAvasaga River is not navigable tor large vessels. There is a great deal of excellent land, and fine timber on its banks. OAKLAND. A Township in the Brock District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of'Brantford; onthcAvest by IJurford; and on the south bj ToAvnsend. In Oakland 9,182 acres are taken uji, ."),8r)() of Avliich are under cultivation. This is a small toAvnshij); the greater jiart of it is under cultivation. A large cedar sAvanip extends from the toAvnshlp of Brantford into the north-west of Oakland, and reaches nearly to the centre of the toAviishlp. The village of Scotland is situated in the Avest of the toAvnship, close to the tOAvn-line between Oakland and Burtbrd ; and the village of Oakland a little south of tlie centre of the township. There tire one grist and tAvo saAv mills in the tOAVuship. Pi'p.ilatioii in 1842, 4()4 , who are prineijially of Scotch descent. Ratable property in the toAvuship, I k i I ^ 1 5 * 11 ; II li' # ^1' 1 ' ;« J :' l;'i i ! . 134 contains pood land. Timber — a mixture of hardwood and pine. There is one Baw mill in the township. This township has been added to the Gore District $ince the last census was taken^ consequently there is no return of th« population. Ratable property in the townsliip, £.'5,664. OPS. A Township in the Colborne District; is bounded on the east by the township of Emily; on the north by Fenelon; on the west by Mariposa ,- and on the south by iVIanvers. In Ops 32,024 acres are taken up, 4,^79 of which are under cultivation. The Scugog River enters the township about the centre of its northern boundary; and emerges again at its south-west corner, where it enters the Scugog Lake. The village of Lindsay is situated on the- river, a little noith of the centre of the township. There are some good farms m the townsliip. and one grist and one saw mill. In Ops 6,971 acres of Crown lauds are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. Ratable property in the township, £14.70.';. OR FOR I). A'iownship in the Western District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Aldborough ; on tlie north-west by the Hiver 'riiaiues; on the south-west by Howard; and on the south-east by Lake Erif. In Orford 16,r)2.'i acres are taken up, .3,2.'}! of which are under cultivation. The soil of this town- ship is generally of very cxcfllent quality; and the timber consists of tlio best kinds of hardwood — maple, oak, beech, elm, iScc. Large (luantitios of st;u es are annually exported fnmi the township, the principal part of which is included in the exports from Howard. Formei'ly tobacco was much grown in the township; but the diminution of tlie duty on tobacco Imported from the United States has caused the farmers to discontinue its cultivation, it lieing a very uncertain crop, and not wortli cultivating unless with the certainty of its cuiuminuling a good price. In the north of the township, near the 'J'hames. is an Indian settlement, Ciilled " Mcn-avian Town," for a description of which see "lliver Thames. " Five hundred and fifty acres of Crowu lands are open for sale in OH'ord, at Ss. currency ]wy acre. Pojiulation in 184;'), 910; who are a mixture of Canadians, English^ Irish, Scotch, and Americans. Ratable property in the township. i;9,9.")9. OIULLIA. A Village in the township of Oriliia, situated on Lake Ooiigichin. nineteen miles fnnn Sturgeon Hay, and twenty-eight fnmi Harrie. This was originally an Indian village, and stores were erected by merchants in tlie immediate vicinity for the convenience of trani tlieuce they took the st/ge to Oriliia, where the sti'atn- boat "Heaver" awaited them, and conveyed them to the Holland Landing; ■whence they took stage to Toronto. The "Heaver" remains at Oriliia three nights in the week, diring her cireiiit round tlu' lake. There is some (ine scenery in the neighboui hood, the lake heiii^ studded with islands, most orilu-m of small si/e. and some of them mere rocks; and its shores are much ind "nied wiiJi beaulilul hays. The ueiglihourhood of the village is setiled principally by 135 emigrants from the old country. There is an Episcopal church in the village, and a comfortable tavern. Population aljont :i(JO. Post OtBee, post tliroe times a week. Professions and Trades. — Two physicians and surgeons, four stores, three taverns, one t;innery, two blacksmiths, four shoemakers, one tailor, one chair maker, one cabinet maker. There is a grist and saw mill about a mile from the village. ORILLIA, NORTH and SOUTH. Townships in the Simcoe District (which, being but little settled, are at pre- sent united for district ptirposes); are bounded on tiie north-west by the town- shij' of Matchediish; on the south-west by Medonte and Oro; and on the east aud south-east by the River Severn, Lake (lougichin and I/ike Simcoe. In Orillia 8,081 acres are taken up, 994 of which are under cultivation. These townsliips are bi\t newly settled, and have hitherto, in conmion with other town- 8hij)s in the neigliltourbood, been kei)t back for Maut of gixnl roads. The opening of the g()\ erniuent road from Scugog (by the Narrows) to Sturgeon Bay — which road passes tiirough these townsliips — will have the effect of making them known, and promoting tiieir settlement. The village of Orillia is situated on tlie lake shore in South Orillia. In North Orillia 2r),4()0 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8.v. currency per acre. In South Orillia there are none. Tiiere are one grist and three saw mills and a tauuery in South Orillia. Population in 1S42. 440. Ratable property in the townships, i;.'),971. ORO. A Township in the Simcoe District; is bounded on the north by the township of Medonte; on tiie west by \'es|)ra; on tlie south by Kemi)eufeldt Hay and Lake Simcoe; and on t!u* east by the townsiii]) of Orillia. In Oro3I,.sr)8 acres are taken up, 4,'.»I1 of which are under cultivation. A small lake, called Bass Lake, containing about 1.000 acres, is situaiid in the north corner of the town- siii]). oil the town-line between Oro and Orillia. The land bordering on the lake and bay is irenerally poeii for sale, at s.v. c\ per acre. I'opuiation in 1S4l\ I I'.io. liutuble property in the township, jE1,'),306. OKONO. A Settlement in the township of Clarke, about five miles north from the village of Newcastle; contains about UK) inhabitants, saw-miil, carding machine, and one store. os(jot)HK. A Township in the Dallnmsie Distriet; is bounded on the north-east by tlie {owieiliip of Uu>;m'II. on the north-west by (iloncester; on the west by North (iower> and on the south-east bv Mountain and Winchester. In (.)s{joode 4(i,tt}.") acres are taken up. .'■>.48(i of which ati- under cultivation. The Rideau Canal and Miver border the township on the west for the greater poriion of its dejith. At the n^4->. 1440. Ratable jiroperty in the township, jC 10,748. i I ! i ! :« i ! . I " I i <'■ > , i'i- i :| ! Sf ii 136 OSHAWA. A Village in the township of Whitby, situated on the eastern road, thirty-three miles east from Toronto, and three miles from Port Oshawa, on Lake Ontario. Oshawa is a place of considerable business, having a good fanning country behind it; it contains about 1000 inhabitants. Churches and chapels three, viz., •Catholic, Methodist and Christian. Post Office, post every day. Professions and Trades. — Three physicians and surgeons, two lawyers, two grist-mills (one containing five run of stones), one foundry, one brewery, one •carding maehine and fulling mill, two distilleries, one ashery, eleven stores one machine shop, one trip hammer driven by water, one bookseller, one chemist and druggist, one auctioneer, three hatters, seven blacksmiths, four taverns, two watchmakers, five tailors, five shoemakers, one grocery and bakery, ore chair factory, four cabinet makers, three waggon makers, one bank agency, '* Cont- mercial." Principal Tavern. — "Oshawa House." Exports from tlte P trl of Oshawa for the year 1844: — Flour 18,690 barrels. Pork 599 do. Ashes 544 do. Oatmeal 819 do. Whiskey 377 do. Wheat..' 11,314 bushels. Oats 2,715 do. Grass Seed 148 do. Potatoes 521 do. Lumber 145,000 feet. OSHAWA HARBOUR. A small shipping-place on Lake Ontario, three miles from the village of Oshawa. There are store-houses for storing produce, one tavern, and houses for the wharfinger and tlt^puty custom-house oflicer. OSNAHIUTCK. A Township in the Eastern District; is lM)unded on the north-east by the township of Cornwall; on the north-west by Finch; on the soutli-west by Wil- liamsburgh; and on the south-east by the St. Lawrence. In Osnabruek 4."),10.'J acres are taken up, 12,110 of wliich are under cultivation. This township is well watered by numerous small streams running through it. It is well settled, and contains gootl farms. There is a large <|uuntity of pine in the township. The villages of (-harlesville, Santa Cru/, and Dieketison's Landing are in the township, and all situated alli(»us'e l)i>.irii'f. The Petite Nation River runs through the west and centre of the district, and enter •. the Ottawa in the north- west of the township of Plantagenet; and there are besides several good mill streams in the district. Much of the land in the front of the Ottawa District is cold and wet; in the rear it is better; but the peojiie of the district are much more extensively en- gaged in getting out lumber I r the Quebec market, than in iiupniving the sli, Lnglish, and Americans. There is no largo town in the district, and the |n'incip«l villages are Iln^ke*- "bury and Vankleek Hill, in the township of Mawkt'>burv. Caleloiiia. in Cale- donia; L'Orignai, the district town, in Longueil; ami llattslield. in I'lantngenet In llnwkesbury West is tin establishment for sawiiu: Innilur. ^^ hich is the oiost extensive in (.'anadu West, giving employment to above two hundred hands. 1 i ! »1- I) V^ 111' 1 ; t I'l I 11 M ' i ^1, 138 In the Ottawa District, 121,355 acres of Crown Ifnds are open for sale, at 8*. currency per acre ; to piircliase any of which, application must be made to the Crown lands a^ent, at V'ankleek Hill. Population of the district in \84% 7944; since when it has probably increased one-fifth. The following abstract ft-ora the assessment rolls, will show the rate of in- crea.se and improvement in the district : Date. No. of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Milch Cows. Oxen 4 yenrs ol(l, ;md upwards. Horned Cattle, from 2 to 4 years old. Amount of llatablo Grist. Saw. Property. 1842 1843 1844 20,659 21,:!t;6 24,141 8 9 10 18 21 25 2.4.30 2,754 2,905 419 431 401 943 1,002 £ 86,387 1 78.571 9G,.-)2S Gincrnmcnt ami District Officers in the Ottawa District : Judge of District Court Peter Freel L'OrignaL Clerk of Peace ... D. McDonald Do. Inspector of Licenses Dt). District Clerk Do. Siieiiff Charles P. Trcadwell Do. llcgisti'ar of CotiiUy of Prescott Ceo. D. Reed Do. Do. do. Russell Do. Judge of Siirromile Court David Pattee Ilawkesbury. SuperiiUeiuUiu of Solmols lU-v. C. Crcgor L'OrignaL Tivasurer and Deputj Clerk of Crown Tlios. II. Jolmson ... Do. ''.Vardeu Arch. Petrie Cuml)erland. f D. IMeDonald Phmtagenet. C-oroners \ <^>. (Jates l-onguiil. ( H. Hughes Alfred. NuiiiJur of (^'iiniiiim Si huols in operation in t/w District. — Kasi Ilawkesbury, nine; W-st ilawkvsliun, -"ight; Louinieil. five; Caledonia, four; Alfred, two; riaiitageiut, five; ('larenee, one; llussell, one; Cambridge and Cumberland, three. Total, thirty -eiglit. OTTAWA UIVFR. The second Rivi r in point of size and im])()rtance in Canada. It takes its rise in the laisettli'd re;j;ions to the north, flows to tlie south and soutii-east. dividing rpp ■)• from Lnwrr Canada, and formitm: the iu)rtheni boundary of the liatlinrst. |)aniou'.i(' isu'l Ottawa Distriets; and enters the St. Lawn 'Hce just above th<' inland of IMontrral. 'I'lure are two large islands in the river, t!ie OIK' beint' c.ill<'istrivi. !\\o .xpausiou^ of the river are called " Lae des Chats," »\v\ " l.ak" ( liaudi'-r '." 'I'he Ottawa has sevt-ral rapids in it, the tU'sceut of whieh is too g.'eat ft) allow of st.umboals or other vessels ascending tlnnu Passenm-r- a^c'iiding the riv r from .Montreal are therefore obliged ti> take 8tage from .Montreal to l.acli'.iv; tVom tlicnee the steamer runs to Point For- tune, when tiiv' stage 'iL'ain convex s llie passengers to i/Orignal; wiieiice the Bleamboat takes t'lem to '\\'nw'i. The sti'amlviats on the Ottawi are of an iiif'rior cliiss t" i!ioge on llh' S,. l.;,wr"nre and the lakes; their accommodation Lt ueithex equal, nor are tiiey so w ell found. Much of the Hceuery on the Ottawa ■\} i 139 is mapnificont, particularly that in the neijrhbourhood of Bytown. Tlie countrj- on the Ininks of tlie Ottawa is not generally well adapted for farming; much of the land being of poor quality, and the winter of rather too great length. The principal importance of the Ottawa arises from the immense tpuintity of fine timber cut on its banks, and the banks of its tributaries. The principal portion of the timber carried to Great IJritain from Canada is conveyed down the Ottawa — the pri'paring of which gives employment to a groat number of hands. Great improvements have been made in the Ottawa within the last year or two; slides and dams have been constructed at various places to facilitate the passage of limiber down the river ; and many obstructions in the course of the stream, such as rocks, cS:c., have been removed. Previous to making the improvements, goods and supplies for the use of the lumberers, &c., were landed from the steamboat at Portage du Fort (nearly five miles below the foot of the Calumet), and stored there until the canoes, with orders for them, arrived from above. The articles were ttien carted over the Portage du F> rt one mile, at a cost of tW/. per cwt., and were canoed thence to Miller's IJay: from Millers Bay they were carted to the Dargee Hay, three miles, at fir/, per cwt; they were again canoed to the foot of tlie Calumet, less than a mile; and from thence were ]nirtly carted, and partly carried by men. to the head of the Calinnet, at the rate of 7A'/. per cwt, Cinioes are mannod at an a venige in the proportitm of one man to every four hundred weight of lading ; vnd a canoe coming down for a load, alnu)St invariably took three days from the time of landing at the head of the Cahunet, until it was again loaded and ready to leave on its way upward. Eaeli canoi'-uuin, with finding, costs his employer at least !is. ]wr diem: therefore canoe-men forwarding made a cost of .3.V. <-2 l.'l 6 Calumet do 8.-'i)2 I't 1 Joachim do M.(i(;2 Ifi t» General expenditure 2,\Ki'\ 17 3 Travilliiig expenses 244 l."j 'A liriuge over the Ottawa, at Huown 17,l'i;j 17 5 4:41,810 14 11 The principal braiu'lu's of tlie Ottawa are the Mississippi, the Hideaii, P'ux. on the Lower Canadiaii side. Iheiv IS no town of any in)|iort inec on the Ottawa, wiih the exeiption of Uytown, which is the head quarters of the lumlu'ivro; and just ahove which are the beautiful Chaudiere KaUb. ; \ I 'i: } ;' 1 I i i I , ! 140 OTTERVILLE. A Quaker Settlement in the south-east of the township of Norwich, prettily situated on Otter Creek. It contains about loO inhabitants, one physician and surgeon, two grist mills, one saw mill, one store, one tavern. Post Office, post three times a week. OWEN SOUND. A long narrow Bay jutting into the land from the south-west extremity of the Georgian Bay. The land bordering on it has only lately been laid out and surveyed, but it is settling up fast. (>n the shores of the Big Bay, a bay of the Sound, is a settlement of Chippewa Indians. These Indians were formerly «ither wanderers in the Saugeen tract, surren- dered to Sir V. B. Head, or lived in scattered wigwams, on the shores of Big Bay. According to the agreement then made witli them, it was proposed that they should either repair to Manitoulin, or to that part of their former territory which lies to the north of Owen's Sound; upon which it was promised that houses should be built for them, and proper assistance given, to enable them to become civilized, and to cultivate land. In 1842, their present settlement was peimanently formed by the erection of fourteen log houses, and a barn, out of the proceeds of their annuity, under tlie direction of the Indian Department. Their number is 130; and they have about 120 acres of land under cultivation ; but from the short time they have settled, and the little experience which they can have yet acquired, it is not probable that they have made much progress in agriculture. In 1842, they were supplied with two yoke of oxen, paid for out of their annuity, and are antici- pating an extension of their present plantations. 'I'hey are Christians, and a Wt'sleyan Methmlist missionary, resident at St. Vincent, twenty-tive miles distant, has visit/.'d them regularly since October, 1841. A resident missionary was appointed to tliis settlement last year, by the Canadian Wesleyan Metho- dist Conference. They have also had a school, conducted by an Indian, and maintained by the same body, since the close of 1842. They share the same annuity as the Chippewas of Saugeen. OXFORD. A Township in the Johnstown District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of South (lower; on the north-west by Marlborough; on the south- west by Wolford; and on the south-east by Edwardsburg. In Oxf rd, 42,0.'U acres are taken up, 9298 of which are under cultivation. The Bideau Canal and Hiver forms the north-western boundary. The land in the south of the township is generally good, and there are some well cultivated farms in it; in the north the land is of inferior quality. Timber — in the south, a mixture of hardwood and pine; in the north, priiiciiial'.y pine. In Oxford 800 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. There are two grist and seven saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 2900. llatuble pro])erty iu the township, £31,225. OXFOHD WEST. A Township in the Brock District; is bounded on the east by the township of East Oxford; on the north-west by North Oxford; and on the south by Dereham. In West Oxford 19,34.') acres are taken up, ()410 of which are under cultixation. The east branch of the Hiver 'I'liames separates the township from North Oxford. This is a small township, but it is well .settled; the land is generally rolling, and there are some handsome farms in it; the timber is principally pine, intermixed with hardwood. The village of Inger.sol is situ- ated in the uortli-west of the township; and the village of BeachvilU in tlte 141 north-east; both near the River Thames. There are three grist and ten saw mills in the township, and large quantities of hmiber are exported from it. Population in 1842, 1321, who are principally Canadians, with a few English, Irish, and Scotch. Ratable property in the township, £25,396. OXFORD EAST. A Townsliip in the Rrock District; is bounded on the east by the township of Burford; on the north by IJlandford; on the west by West Oxford; and on the south by Norwicli. In East Oxford, 21,936 acres are taken up, 5836 of which are under cultivation. This is a small township, but it is pretty well settled. The soil of the north and west of the township is mostly light, and the land is timbered with pine; in the south-east, the timber consists of pine, inter- mixed with hardwood. There are one grist and three saw mills in the town- ship. Population in 1842, 1280; who are principally Canadians, with a few English, Irish and Scotch. Ratable property in the township, 4)19,050. OXFORD, NORTH. A Township in the Brock District; is bounded on the south-east by the tOAvnship of West Oxford; on the north by Zorra and Nissouri; and on the west by North 1 hn-clu'Ster, In North Oxford 9,207 acres are taken up, 1,950 of whicli are under cultivation. This is a small township, containing excellent laud, M'hich is timbered generally with hardwood. There is a large lime-stone quarry in the east corner of the township, whicli extends into the township of West Oxford. There is one saw mill in the township. Population in 1842, 444; Avho are principally European emigrants. Ratable proi)erty in the townshi]), i;6,148. PAISLEY BLOCK. A Scotch Settlement in the township of Giielph. It commences about six miles north-east from tlie town of Guel])h, and extends al)out four miles in length. The settlement was commenced about seventeen years ago, and it now con- tains good fari<(pwhich are generally well cultivated. W PAKKNIIAM. A Township in the Bathurst District ; is bounded on the north-east by the town- ship of Fltzroy; on the n(U'th-west by iSIaciiab; on the south-west by Darling; and on the south-east by Ramsay. In Pakeuham 14,014 acres are takeu uj), 40()(t of which are under cultivation. 'i"he 3Iississii)pl River rims through the east of liie t!i\vnsliij> from south to north. The village of Pakenliaiu is situated ia ilie to\viishi[). Pakeuham is well settled, principally by emigrants from Scotland, and contains some good farms. Tweiity-ioiir thoiisaiRl four liiiidred acres oi ("rowa lands are open for sale in the township, at 8a'. currency P'r acre. Po|»iilatioa in 1842. 1142. Ratable property in the township, £12,257. PAKKNHAM. A Village in Cw township of Pakenham, ab(mt forty miles from Bytown, for; y from Perlli, .ir.d ten from Fit/i'ov Harbour. It contains about 25u inliabi- t;iiit.s. ("Iiurchv's anh ; on the south-west by Wellesiey; and on the south-east by Woolwich and Niehol. This township forms part of what was formerly called " Queen's Bush ;" it has not long been open for settlement, and no return has yet been made from it. It is said to contain about lUOU iuhabitants. PELIIAM. A Township in the Niagara District; is bounded on the east by the township of Thorold; on the north by Louth; on the west by Gainsborough and a small portion of Clinton; and on the south by Wainfleet. Li Pelham :i6,^'JG acres are taken up. 11,424 of which are under cultivation. The Chippewa, or Wel- land River, forms the south boundary of the township; and a good mill stream flows through the north-east of the township. Pelham is an old-settled town- .ship, and contains good farms and excellent orchards. Timber — pine, inter- mixed with hardwood. There are three grist and ten saw mills in the township. Popuhuiou in 1842, 1,522; who are principally Cuiiauiaus and Americans. Ratable property in the township, i;;M.OGU. PELE, POINT. A Point of Land, part of the township of JNIersea, which runs out into Lake Erie. PEMBROKE. A Township in the Batlinrst District; is bounded on the north and tiorth-west by the Ottawa lliver; on the west by unsurveyed lands; and on the south by Westmeath and Stafford. This township and Stafford, being as yet but little set- tled, are assessed together. In the two townships 1 1,205 acres are taken up, 1,658 of which are under cultivation. Farming produce in these northern townships usually commands a high price, in consecpience of the expense of carriage so far up the Ottawa; there being a great demand for produce of all kinds, parti- cularly for hay and oats, for the use of the lumberers on the river. On the whole, however, where the winter is so long, and stock of all kinds must neces- sarily require so much feeding, farming cannot be very profitable, even with the high prices the produce brings. In Pembroke 1,900 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acrt. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 195. Ratable property in the township, £5,992. PEMBROKE. A Village in the north-west of the township of Pembroke, situated on the Ottawa River, at the mouth of the Muskrat River. It is supported entirely by the lumber trade. There is as yet no road to the settlement passable for wag- gons, but one has been lately surveyed. All goods intended for the settlement are conveyed up the Ottawa. Pembroke contains about 250 inhabitants, one Methodist church, one physician and surgeon, one grist and saw mill, one wag- gon maker, five stores, six taverns, and two blacksmiths. Post Office, post once a week. PENETANGUISHENE. A Village in the township of Tiny, beautifully situated on Penetanguishene Bay, forty miles from Barrie. Penetanguishene was conmienced in the year 1818, in consecpience of the government having formed a naval and military' establishment ou the bay, in the township of Tay, two and a half miles off; fh fi 144 hm !!■ at •which station the war steamer Midas is laid up in ordinary. There are also largo barracks, but a very small military establishment ia kept up. There is a collector of customs at Penetaniruisliene; but it is eleven i/c derived from the government establishment, and the fur trade with the Indians. There is a Catholic church in the village, and an Episcopalian one, half-way between the village and the establishment. Penetanguishenc contains about 120 inhabitants. There are four stores, one grist and two saw mills, one tavern, one blacksmith, one tinsmith, two tailors, two shoemakers. There is also a tavern at the estab- lishment. PERCH, THE— (.S-w Uivikhe acx Pkuches.) PERCHES, RIVIERE AUX; or the Fkkcu, as it is gcneralfi/ caUaL Takes its rise in tlit.' townsliip of Enniskillen, enters Sarnia at its south-east corner, rims a north-west course till it reaches the west corner of Lake Wav- wanosh; it omergvs from the east corner of the lake, and enters Lake Huron at the north coni'.r of the township of Sarnia. PERCY. A Township in the Newcastle District ; is bounded on the east by the town- ships of Seymour and Murray; on the nortii by the Kiver Trent; on the west by Alnwick and llaldiuuuid; and on the south by Cranuihe. In Percy :21,2()-l acres are taken uj>, 4.")0.'i of which are under cultivation. A small settlement, called '• Percy Mills," is situated in the south-east of the township. The timber iu Percy consists of hardwood, intermixed with pine. There are one grist and five saw mills in the township. Population in 18-1-J, '.i-20. Ratable property in the township, £13,813. PERTH. The District Town of the Rathurst District, situated in the south of the township of Drunmiond. seven miles from the Rideau t^'anal, forty from Hrock- ville, and by water seventy from Kingston. (There is at present no road to Kingston fit to be travelled by vehicles.) Perth is built on a rising ground, on a sandy soil, witli a granite iotuidation, and is eonsepaper is published here — the " Bathurst Courier." A stage runs thrc' time a-wcek to Rrockville. Population, ;iboiit ISOO. -^ Post Office, post three times a-week. J ' } 145 4 The following Government and District Offices are kept at Pert'i : — Judge of "District Court, SherifiF, Treasurer, Clerk of Peace, Inspector of Licenses. Crown Lands Agent, Judge of Surrogate Court, Registrar, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court, Superintendent of Schools, Deputy Clerk of Crown. Piofi'ssions and Trades. — Three piiysicians and surgeons, five lawyers, one grist mill, one saw mill, eleven stores, seven taverns, three foundries, tour tan- neries, three distilleries, one printer, two breweries, two druggists, four saddlers, seven blacksmiths, three tinsmiths, four waggon makers, two watchmakers, seven coopers, one cabinet maker, twelve tailors, fifteen shoemakers, three weavers, one bank agency — " City Bank of Montreal." Principal Tavern — " Matheson's." Stage fare to Brockvillo, lOs. currency. PETERBOROUGH. The District Town of the Colborne District, beautifully situated in the north- west of the township of North Monaghan, on the Otonabee River, thirty miles north from Port Hope, and about thirty-four from (Jobourg. The town was laid out by government in the year 1826; and property has greatly increased in value within the last few years; so much so, that the few town lots now remain- uig in the hands of the Crown are valued at from £12 )0s. to 4;300; and £.'^50 was lately paid for a portion of a lot, containing not more than about a tenth of an acre. The town is well laid out, and has a handsome appearance, and is at present very flourishing. A portion of the town, on the east side of the river, is called Peterborough East. There is some fine scenery in the neighbourhood of the town; the land being a succession of hill and dale. During the season, the steamboat " Forester " leaves the town every day for Rice Lake, where it is met by the stage for Port Hope and Cobourg ; and during the winter, a stage runs every day from Peterborough to the same places. A gravelled road is in course of construction from Rice Lake to Port Hope. The jail and court-house is a handsome stone building, erected on a rising ground in the rear of the town. Churches and chapels, seven; viz., Episeopal (stone), Presbyterian (stone). Catholic (stone), Baptist (brick), British Wesleyan, Canadian Wesleyan, and Christian. There is in Peterborough a fire company, with one engine. Two newspapers arc published here weekly — the Peterburuuyh Gazette and Peterborough (J/ironicle, Population about 2,000. Post Office, post every day. The following Government and District Offices are kept in Peterborough: — Judge of District Court, Sheriff, Clerk of Peace, Inspector of Licenses, Crown Lands Agent, District (?lerk. Clerk of District Court, Deputy Clerk of Crown, Treasurer, Registrar. Professions and Trades. — Four physicians and surgeons, five lawj^ers, two grist mills, two saw mills, one brewery, one ashery, two distilleries, three f mndries, three tanneries, thirty stores, two druggists, five taverns, one woollen factory, one carding machine and fulling mill, two surveyors, four chair facto- ries, one fannin^-mill maker, five saddlers, two tinsmiths, one pearl ashery, two watchmakers, six waggon makers, five b;ikers, four cabinet makers, three coopers, thirteen blacksmiths, four butchers, two millwrights, eighteen shoe- makers, twelve tailors, one weaver, one gunsmith, one school, one veterinarjr surgeon, one bank agency — *' Montreal." Principal Tacerns. — " Albert House,"' and " Union Hotel." PETITE NATION RIVER. Takes its rise in the township of Osgoode; flows south to near the south border of Mountain, where it makes a bend to the north-east, and passes through the south of that township, the south-east of Winchester, and the weiit of Fiacli; i l!^- ! i r 146 r'ir: I i i ! in the south of Cambridge it receives a branch which takes its rise in the north of Osgoode, and flows through the centre of Russell. After receiving this branch, the Petite Nation River passes through the centre of Cambridge, run- ning nearly north ; at the north corner of the township it receives a branch from Gloucester, Cumberland, and Clarence, and flows north-east to near the south- east corner of Plantagenet, where it makes a bend, and runs north-west to the Ottawa River, which it enters near the north-west corner of Plantagenet. Large quantities of lumber are cut on its banks, which is mostly carried down the Ottawa. PHILLIPSVILLE. A small Village situated in the south-west of the centre of the township of Bastard. It contains about forty inhabitants, one store, one tavern, and one blacksmith. PIGEON LAKE. {See Rice Lake). PICKERING. A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the north by the township of Uxbridge; on the west by Murkham and Sea borough; on the east by Whitby; and on the south by Lake Ontario. In Pickering 63,U61 acres are taken up, 24,55 1 of which are under cultivation. The land in the interior of the town- ship is rather hilly, and the timber of a large proportion of it is pine. At the entrance of Duflin's Creek, which runs tiirough the township, is a bay called Big Bay (also called Frenchman's Bay, from a battle said to have been fought oa its banks between the old French settlers and the Indians), about three miles iu circumference, with a depth of from two to three fathoms: it is separated from the lake by a narrow sand bar, through which a channel is sometimes formed having a depth of six feet of water. In Pickering are four grist and twenty-oue saw mills, from which latter were exported last yeai" about 3,000,000 foot of lumber. Population in 1842, 3752. Ratable property iu the township, £62,804. PICTON. The District Town of the Prince Edward District, iu the township of Hal- low di, pleasantly situated on the banks of the Hay of Quinte. The principal part of the town is built about half a mile back from t!ie bay, on gently rising ground. A narrow arm of the bay divides the town into two portions; and, bjing marshy, makes that part of the town bordering on it rather unhealthy at seasons, which might easily be remedied by drodgint:; and deepening the channel. Pictou is an old-settled town, and is a piaci- of eousitlerable business: it possesses many excellent houses, several of which are built of stone. The jail and court- house is a handsome cut-stone building, enclosed with a stone wall, surmounted by iron railings, with iron gate, the appearance of which is light and elegant. During the season of navigation, two su-aniboats call at Picton daily, on their passages to and from Kingston and Trent. '11. ore are lour churches and chapels; viz., Episcopal, Presbyterian, Catholic and Mi-iluxlist. There is also a fire and hook and ladder company, with one engine; and a circulating library. Two newspapers are published here weekly — the " Prince Edward Gazette," aud " Picton Sun.'" Post OHice, post every day. Population about 1 ,200. The following Government and District Offices are kept in Picton: — Judge of District Court, Sheriff", Clerk of Peace, 'J'reasnrer, Inspector of Licenses, Col- lector of Customs, Crown Lands Agent, Di.strici Clerk, Clerk of District Court, Deputy Clerk of Crown, aLd Superintendent of Schools. ,000,000 • 147 Prnfcssions and Trades. — Three physicians and surpeons. foiir lawyers, one apothecary, thirteen stores, one brewery, one distillery, three tanneries, two saw mills, two printers, two booksellers, two foundries, two asheries, six taverns, four saddlers, six blacksmiths, three waggon makers, two bakers, one hatter, two watchmakers, five shoem;ikers, seven tailors, three cabinet makers, two tinsmiths, two butchers, one school, two bank agencies — " Commercial," and " Montreal." Printupal Taverns — " Ketchum's " and " Church's." Exportu from Picton during the year 1844. Description. Qimrtity. Wheat 25,169 bushels. Flour 5,649 barrels. Pork 423 do. Ashes 138 do. Poas 1,703 bushels. Barley 2,946 do. Rye 1,.302 do. Kuckwheut 2 960 do. Indian Corn 760 do. Coarse Grain 11,053 do. Fish 250 barrels. Leather 3,000 sides. Butter 5,000 lbs. PITTSBURGH. A Township in the Midland District; is bounded on the east by the township of Lee the township, in a south-easterly direction, till it reaches the eastern border, .vhere it makes a bend, atid flows west, and a little south, to the north-e ist vjoi-ner of Ca'ul)ridge. which ti>wnship it enters. Piantagenet is as yet but littie settled — • 2-1, (Jl6 acres of t'rown lands are open for sale in it, at 8»'. currency per acre. There is one grist mill and one saw mill in the township. Po.iulation in 1^42. 934. Uatabie property in the township, £10,589. M *2 If x\ ' :i- !'} r: h li! I HIIJ ii! Ill ! \ % ■ If- U '• :*'''■ ( i i % » -i Mi i 1 I I* i* I! II I' I. 'Ill 148 PLYMPTON. A Township in the County of Kent; is bounded on the north by Lake Hnrmi; on the west by Sarnia; on the south by Warwick; and on the north-east hj Bosanquet. In Plyuipton 19,484 acres aretaken up, of which 2,516 are under cul- tivation. The soil and timber of this township are of a very fine quality ; the land being generally rich, and the timber tlie best kinds of hardwood. Large (juantities of polasii have been made in Plympton in the last two years, which is generally found to more than pay the expense of clearing the land. During 1845 a very large quantity will have been made. A water grist mill has recently been erected at the north-eastern extremity of the township, on the hike shore. Tlurc are several good mill sites in this towuship One thousand three hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Plympton, at 8j*. currency per acre; and of private individuals land is to be purchased at from two to three dollars per acre. Population of Plympton, (139. Ratable property in the township, 7,959. There are in the township one blacksmith, one grist mill, two shoemakers. POINT PELE ISLAND. An Island in Lake Erie, opjiosite Point Pele, and about seven miles from it. It is about seven or eight miles in lengtli, and averaging two in breadth. It has never been surveyed ; consequently the number of acres it contains is not known. Alrout half the island is fit for cultivation, but at present only about 600 acres are under cultivation. Contains about fifty inhabitants. The island is well supplied with red cedar, and possesses a fine lime-stone quarry. There is u grist-mill on the island, and a light-house on the north-east point. POINT EDWARD.— (5ee Sabnia.) PORT UURWELL. A Village in the township of Bayhani, beautifully situated at the month of Otter Creek, on Lake Erie. It was settled about ten years since, and now contains about 200 inhabitants. A light-house has been erected on the hi^h bank overlooking the lake, and a collector of customs is resident here. There IS an Episcopal Church in the village. Post office, i)ost twice a week. Professions and Trades. — Three stores, one tannery, two taverns, one waggon maker, one blacksmith, one painter, one tailor, one shoemaker, one cabinet-maker. About M.(RiO,000 feet of sawed lumber are annually exported from the difterent saw mills on the crc.'k. PORT COLBORNE. A Village in the Township of Ilumberstone, situated on Lake Erie, at tlie mouth of the feeout 150. Post otliee, |K>st three times a week. I'rofessiotis and' Trades. — Steam griht mill (not at present in operation), one store, three taverns, one baker, one grocery, one shoemaker. I I < ! 'V' I 1 ¥- PORT CHEDIT. A Village on Lake Ontario, situated at the mouth of the Oedit lliver, four- teen miles west of Toronto, and two and a half from Diualas Sin.i t. It wun laid out in 18;U by government, and is the shipping port for the surnuuiding country. It possesses a go(Ml harbour, which might be improved so us to l>c canuMe of aflorditig refhge to almost any number of vessels. The liarbour was made by a joint-stock company, at an exp^'use of Xti,.')00. Ol the stock, li.e Indian.H at the adjacent village |M)hKess l'l,.'J.')n. They luive also a warehouse at the port. This port would be of tkr mure advantage to Uie HUiruunUing 149 ith of now itre the as u one our- was iiijjr :»• at ling neiplibourhond, if the road from the villapfe to Dundas Street was macndamised or planked, and the expense would be trifling. The quantity of fanning pro dnce and lumber shipped at the port is very great, and would be much greater if the road was in better condition. Several vessels have been built hero; and five schooners of a good class are owned in the place The steamers Eclipse and Queen call here on their pnssages to and from Hamilton and Toronto. The land in the neighbourhood of the village, extending for one mile on each side trf" the river, comprising 4.000 acres, is Indian reserve, belonging to the Nassi- sagua Indians. They have a village about two miles from Port Credit,- which was built for them in iSi.") by the fJtivernment. They have a Methodist chapel and a school attached. Port Credit contains about 150 inhabitants and a Methodist oha])el. Post otfice. post every day. Profcssiiitis and Trades. — Two stores, two taverns, one blacksmith, one shoe- maker, oue waggon maker, one tailor. Exports from Pon Credit duriny thr year 1844: Wheat 4!»,100 Bushels. Fiour 6,445 Barrels. Pork 7r, l)o. Ashes 3i» Do. Whiskey \1 Do. Timothy Seed 43 Do. Wool .'itt Cwt Square Timber, Oak and Pine 27S,S(H) Feet. Lumber 1,433,309 Do. PORT DALIlOrsiE. Tiie entrance of the Wolland Canal from Lake Ontario. A harbour has been formed, having a hasiu of ;")()() acres in extent, with a depth of waf'T of I'rom Iwi'lve to sixteen feet, 'i'lu'rc is a small village on the east side of the canal, in tlie townslii|) of (Irantliam, five miles from St. Catharine's, wlierf is a ship yard. Port Dalhousie contains about 200 inhubitauts, Imd store.s, one tavero, two blacksmiths. POUT DOVKR. A Village in the townsliip of Woodliouse. situated on T^ake Erie, at the moiith of the Uiver Lynn. It was first laid out in the year 18"..'). but on account of the stagnation in the business of tlu' i)rovinee eausfil by the rebellion, it did not begin to increase till about 1M4J. About A'H.OOO have been expiiidcd in improving tiu' harbtuar, eri cling a light-lum.se, and building a bridge across the river. Six or seven hundr d imiuikIs more are rei|uire(l to complete the works. A roa,843. 151 -V Sl|j{( 1«'H are iirh PORTLAND. A small Village in the north of the township of Bastard, situated on the south of Kidcau Lake. It contains about 8U inhabitants, tannery, three stores, two taverns, one blacksmith. Post Office, post twice a week. PORT MAITLAND. A Settlement and Shipping-place at the mov,'.. vf the Grand River, on Lake Erie. It contains ahout .50 inhabitants, and a i Iv iscopal church, two stores, two taverns, one tailor, one blacksmith. PORT NKLSON. A small Vnilage in the township of Nelson a mile and a half from Wellington Scjuare. It contains about GO inhabitants, one store, one tavern, one shoemaker. PORT ROYAL. A Settlement in the town^;hip of Walsingham, at the mouth of Rig Creek, two miles and a half west from Port Rowan. It contains about 50 inhabitants, steam saw mill, one store, two taverns, one blacksmith, one waggon maker. PORT RYERSE. A small Settlement and Shipping-place in the township of Woodhouse, at the ninuth of Hyerse's (V^ek, six miles from Simcoe, and four miles from Port Dover. It coutaiub a saw mill, one store, and about half a dozeu houses. PORT ROWAN. A small Village in the township of Walsiugliam, situated on Lake Erie, four miles Wf«>t of St. Williams. It is a shipping-place, and has a resident collector of Customs. Population about 50. Post Office, post twice a week, one store, one tavern. PORT ROBINSON. A Village in the township of Thorold, situated on the Welland Canal, ten miles from St. (^atharines. This place is the " head (juarters" of the coloured company employed for the mainteuance of order on the canuL There are two churches in the village, Episcopal and Presbyteriau. Population, abom .10(». Post t)ffice, post tliree times a-week. l'n>f'cssums iiiitl Tnidis. — One grist mill, three stores, three tnverns.!*one ' '(Idler, one baker, three groceries, two wagg(m nuikers, one watchmaker, two biaeksmitlis, one tinsmitli, three tailors, two shoemakers. PORT STANLEY. \ Village on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Kettle Creek, situated partly in the township of Stuthwold, and partly in Yarmouth; the township being divided by Kettle Creek. It is nine miles from St. Thomas, and twenty-six from Lon- don; a plank road being fornud between the twffioe, |)OKt three times a week. / V(»/j A.v/jm.v mill Tratlifi. — One grist mill, one tannery, four stores, th.^ ■"• "ro- eeries. two baktrs, two waggon miiUers, three cabinet nmkers, three tailors, one bl!iek>imith, three taverns, three slMMMnakers, three butchers. Two bank agen- cies— " Montreal" and " Comuierciul." ' M }\ I lili iMfl 1 i ll' j t '% 1 , 1 ' lUi 152 TnrwnrtJprx and Commixsion Anents. — H. B, Bost\rick. G. R. Williams, Alex Hodge & Co. Exports from Port Stanlet/, during the season of 1844: Articles. Quantity., I Kate. : Estimated Valun. Wheat I 23186 Flour I 4984 Potatoes 60 Ashes ' 74 Do i 119 Pork .504 Beef I 200 Lard : 17 Do 1 12 Butter I 77 Barley i 1108 Riigs Grass Seeds .52 Skins 166 Pens 2 Whiskey i 17 Cranberries 8 Walnut lumber 63273 bushels, barrels, bushels, keps, barrels, dok do. do. kegs. do. bushels, barrel bulk, barrels, barrel bulk, barrels, do. do. feet. £ 406.5 5147 3 111 523 1008 300 42 15 120 110 58 26 498 25 5 1.58 s. 17 11 d. 9 (► 10 10 16 7 6 10 3 8 I221S 6 -A PKESCOTT. The County Town of the county of C«renville, in the township of Augusta, situated on a rising ground on the banks of the St. Lawrence, twelve miles east, from lJr()ek%ille, and opposite the American town, Ogdensburgh. The eastern road runs through it. This was a place of considerable trade pn vious to the opining of the Uideati Canal, since when it has increa.sed very slowly. It was incorporated in the year 18,'14, and now contains about 2000 inhabitants. There are in Prescott lour ehurches and cliapi'ls, viz.. r,piscopal. Free Church, Ca- tholic, an■ of the Megistrar for the county of (Jren- ville is kept iiere. A considerable (juantity of pot and pearl ash is exported. Post Office, post every day. Vrn/v.ssions and Tnittis. — Four physicians and surgeons, three law^yers, ont.- notary i)ublic, one brewery, three distdieries, two tanneries, twelve st«)res (two of which also s»'ll drugs), oiu- asliery, one steam grist mill, eleven groceries, eight taverns, two .saddlers, two wate!imakers, one pottery, one axe factory. twt» livery stables, two bakers, two tinsmiths, four maMHis, three waggon nuikers,. «nu' hatter, (me ccmfeetiimer, two tallow chandler.-, four coopers, two cabinet uuikers. six tailors, three butchers. I'rini'i/iat Tavrrns. — " Coniiuercial," and " North AmericHB." Voru'itrders and Commissiim /UrnV/r/HAv -Ilooke. I loiter it Co.; Mnophorson, Cruuc & (."o.j Pioueer Steamboat Company; S. Fruser. 153 7 f. 10 3 8 6 a (two ■rii'H, . twu )iiiot rsMo. PRESCOTT. A County in the Ottawa District; comprises the townships of Alfred, Cale^ donia, East llawkesbury, West Hawkeshury, Longueii, and PlantageniL It returns a member to the House of Assembly. PRESTON. A Village in the townsliiji of Waterloo, three miles from Oalt and fourteen from Oiielph — was laid out in IJS.'U — contains about 6(n) inhubitiints, who aro principally Germans. There are two churches, viz,, one Lutheran and one Ca- tholic. Post Office, post every day. /Vo/J.v.v/oH.v anil Tniihs. — One steam grist mill and distillery, one tannery, two stores, four taverns, three breweries, one pottery, one grocery and drug store, three saddkrs, two waggon makers, one baker, eight shoemakers, one watch- maker, one tinsmith, three cabinet makeis, one cooper, live tailors. PRESQTT' ISLE HARROUii. A natural Harbour of Lake Ontario, formed by a large bay running into the land. It is oa])able of affording excellent shelter for vessels. It is situated nearly opposite the village of lirigliton. PRINCE ALBERT. A Village in the township of Reach, situated a little east of the centre of the township, about fourteen miles north from Oslunva. The Post Oliice for tiio township of Ueaeh is kept here; post every Thursday. Population, about :2()i). There is in the village a Methodist duirch. five stores, two taverns, twu asheries, one blacksnjith, one waggon maker, two shoemakers, two tailors. PIUNCE EDWARD DISTRICT. Ccmsists of the County «)f Prince Edward, which comprises tho following townships— Athol, Ameliasburgh, llallowell, Ilillier. IMarysburgli. and Sdjihias- burgh. This is the smallest district in the Province, and is nearly surioumled by the waters of Lake Out. irii) and the Hay of (^uiiite. It is very irregularly shaped, and its shores are indented by numerous bays. The land in thedi-trict is generally rolling, and niiieli of it is of very good (piality. 'I'lie tlndxr is for the mo.N part hardwood, widi oci'iiionully a little pint'; and here and there, on the shor<' of the lake, sonic very fine cedar is to be found. The Prince Edward District was originally settled by V. E. Loyalists, or persons who fought on \.\\v >ide ot'Oreat i5rilain dnrin; the Amerieau war. and 1.S now hi'ld by tin in and their deseeiidants. There i.-. also a iinnili.r of Peiin- S\lvanlan Duteh, and a lew l^igli^h, Lish, and Scoteh. They are generally in comfortable eircunistanees, and many of them are wealthy. Tlu' greater part of the district is under cidtivation, and many of the farms are very Inindsonudy situated. 'I'here is no ri\er of any magnitude in the district; Init there an* several good mill streams, which take their rise in Ihi' lii;:h land in the eeiitm G<' the district. Lime stmu if excellent iptality i> abundant. The land on tho northern border of the distrut generally ascends with a gentl(> slope liom the Picton. the district town, is very handsomely situated on the Ray of Quinte. in the towiiship of llallowell. It is the only town of any si/,' in the di>^triet-. but there are also the villaiies of Wt-llingfon and Consecon. in Ilillier; Milfi>rdv in Marysburgh; Rloomtield. in Athol; and Demoivslv ille, in Sopliiasbnrgh. He^ides whii'li, there are numerous small shi|)|>ing-place> »ui the bay and lake. 'I'ht re are no Crow n lands tor sale in the Priiu-e Kdward District; all tho Lmd iu tile district being in x\\m hiuids ul' private indtviduuiii, ■■'t ■I :i 1 1' 154 The population of the district probably amounts to about 16,000; but the census was so badly taken in some of the townships, that no dependence was to be placed on it. The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district. Date. N.) of Acres CiiUiv.itwI. I MILLS. Grist. Saw. I Oxrn, 4 year* : Milch Cows. old, and , upwards Horned Cattle, Iron) 2 to 4 yuars old. 1842 1843 1844 86,767 90,310 91,139 22 20 19 42 47 48 6.599 6974 7014 923 996 981 2383 2715 l'J97 Amount of Katuble Properly. jE248,i)0O 2r)8,888 259,198 Government and District (Officers in the Prince Edward District : Judare of District Court .\rch. fJilkison Picton. Sheriff Owen McMahon Do. Treasurer I). Smith Do. Cli-rk of Peace D. L. Fairfield Do. Clerk of District Court Cecil Mortimer Do. Deputy Clerk of Crown Do. Registrar of Surrogate Court Saumel Merrill Do. Inspector of Licenses Adam Hubhs Do. Collector of Customs Wm. Rorke Do. ( Tlionias .VIoore Do. Coroners < Paul E. Washburn Do. C Reuben Youuff Do. District Superintendent of Schools Thomas Doneliy Do. Crown Lauds Agent Wm. Rorke Do. In consequence of the absence of the superintendent, I was unable to obtain any statement respecting the number of common schools in operation in the district. PRINCETON. A Village on the road from Woodstock to Paris, situated on Homer's Creek, a braucii of the Grand River, being partly in tbe township of itleulieini. and partly in Hurford. It contains about 150 inhabitants, and an Episeopal church, a saw mill, one store, two taverns, one blacksmith, one tailor, two !)hoeiuuik.erb. Post Office, post three times a week. PROTON. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of .Melanethi>n; on the north by Artemisia; on the west by Egremout; and on the soutii by Luther. This township has only lately been surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet been made fiom it. PUCES. RIVIERE AITX. Takes its rise in the south-west of Maidstone, and enters Lake St. Clair, about four miles west of Belle River. PrSLFNCH. .\ Township in the Wellington District; is bound-'d on the north-east by Nassagaweya; on the north-west by the township of (Juelph; on the west by 155 'reck, aiul lurch, about St by s.t by Waterloo; and on the south and south-east by Beverly and Flamborongh. In Puslinch 50,653 acres are taken up, of which 13,140 are umler cultivation. There are two lakes in the township, about nine miles from Guelph — one of which contains between 4 and 500 acres — the other at a distance of a quarter of a mile, contains about 50 acres. The land between the lakes is marshy. There are two small islands in the larger lake. There are five saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 1500; who are principally Highland Scotch. Ratable property in the township, ^59,80t'). QIJEENSTON. A Village in the township of Niagara, seven miles from the town of Niatrara, seven miles from the Fails, and forty-seven miles from Hamilton. It is pleasantly situated on the Niagara River, below the Heights, and opposite the American village "Lewiston." Before the opening of the Weilaml t'auai, Queenston M'as a place of considerable business, being one of the |)riiicipal depots for merchandise intended for the west, and also for storing grain: as nmch as forty or fifty thousand bushels of wheat have been shipped here in a Stason, which now finds its vay by the Welland ("anal. A rail-road from Queenstcm to Chippewa, nine miles in length, which cost about i'l'.t.uoO, Mas commenced in 1835 by a company of proprietors, and completed in lt<41. A single line of rails was laid down, which passes elose to. and above the Kails of Niagara; and vuiring the summer the cars run daily, (fare to t liipiieNva, 'Is. 6rf. currency), and steamboats from Ihitl'alo meet the cars at ('hi)ipewa. A tele- grajthic communication is about being established vitli Liwiston; and a maca- damized road is being formed to St. Catharines. A horse ferry-boat plies across the river irom Queenston to Lewiston. A handsome nionnnient was erected on tlie Heights above the village, to the memory of the late (uneral Brock, who was killed here on the 13th October, I8l:i, while repelling an invading army of Americans. This monimient was blown tip by some scoundrel during a night in tlie beginning of April, 1841, A subscription has since been raised for the purpose of rebuUding it; but the work is not yet commenced, 'i'he Niagara River at Queenston is only about OOO feet in width. The banks above the town are 230 feet in height; and, below the Heights, they are only about 70 feet. From the Heights above the town a very fine view nuiy be obtained of the surrounding country. The Niagara liiver is suj»posed at one time to have been precipitated over these Heights, instead of where the Fulls now are. During the season, boats ply here regularly from Toronto, and stages nm from Hamilton to meet the boats. A party of Hiflcs are stati(med at Queenston. Churches and chapels — Kpiscopal (gone to decay), liaptist, and Presbyterian (not com- pleted); Methodists use the school room. Post Office, post every day. Population about 3(i0. Prnfrssiiins and Tmilcs. — One lawyer, one tannery, three ston-s. eiixht taverns, one waggon maker, two blacksmiths, one baker, lour shoemakers, oue tailor. I'riiu'ipal Tavern — "Queenston Hotel." Qri'KXSVn.I.E. A small Village two miles above Sharon, in the township of East Owiil'mbury ; contains alxtut fifty inhabitant.s, two stores, one ashery, one blacksmith, tme shoemaker, one pump maker. QIUNTE, BAY OF. K properly speaking, an exitansiim of the liiver Trent; at the mcuth of which River it commences. It is very irregularly shaped, and tbrni^ the nortlurn boundary of the Prince Edward District; and enters Lake (Miiario :i little Mest of Amherst Island. In its course it receives the Moira, Salmon and Napaneo . v; j.i , !. 1 HI p ! u ( 156 % •• ■m Iff Rivers, and several smuller strefims. There is a great deal of fine land on k^ banks, hut some parts of its horders are rather marshy. The towns of liellevilit- nnd Pietoii are situated on the bay ; the tornier in the Victoria, and tlie latter in the Prince Edward, District. There is also on the bay, in the township of Tyendenaija, a settlement of Mohawk Indians. These Indians seijarated from, tlie Mohawk nation and settled in their present locality about the year 17M4. In 179.'} they received from the Crown a grant of laud, containing about 9:i,70() acres ; but of this, in 1820, they surrendered ;$3,280 acres, in exchange for an annuity of £4.50. Their estate was then reduced to ■')!»,4()0 acres. From this the surveyor general deducts 14,773 acres for crown and clergy reserves; viz., 6,858 for the former, and 7,915 for the latter. In December 18;J5 tiiey made a further surrender of 27,857 acres, in trust, to be disposed of for their benefit; so that their present possessions do not exceed 1(5,800 acres. Tlie Indians live for the most part in detached farms, scattered over the reserve. Their present number is 38.'}. They Imve l..'}68 acres of land cleared, and about 5()0 acres mider tillage. Some of them cultivate considerable (luan- tities of land, so mucli as fifty acres; but in. general the quantity is much less. There have been some instances of successful industry and thriftiuess in this community. One of their chiefs, named Hill, -who died a few years ago, was remarkable for his industrious habits, and for a desire to accmnulate property, liesides his own homestead, to tlie cultivation and improvement of which he paid more than ordinary attention, he became possessed, by purchase, of some of tlve farms and improvements of other Indians; and at his death, left them, by will, to particular members of his family, who are at this day in full enjoyment of them. One of his sons, who is catechist to the missionary at the settlement, recently nj'plied for a loan to enable him to build a wharf and commence business as a general trader among his brethren, in partnership with a white man. They possess stock and agriciiitural implements corresponding to their progress in hu.sl.KUidry. Some of them grow a considerable surplus of grain for sale. 'i'hese Indians have long been Christians, probably before their arrival in Canada. A missionary was first appointed to the settlement in 1810. by tlie S,)eiety for the Projjagation of the liosjiel in Foreign Parts: their present mis- sii>nary has been among them eleven years, and reports that, during that period, they have made a gradual advanie in morals, piety, and industry. 'J'lieir '.iiiirch ha\ iiig beeome too small for the eongn'gation, they are now eiiaaiicd in the erection of a new and commodious stone edifice, the expense of which will he defrayed out of their own funds. .Some of tile young men are eniplojed in quarrying and carrying the materials for tliis building. TIk V supiiori a schoolmaster out of the produce of certain small rents, which. they receive and manage themselves. HA 1 Ml AM. A Township in the Talbot District; is botmded on the north-east by tl.p township ol' Cayuga; on tlii' Mcst by WalpoU'; and on the south by Lake Krie. Ill iJaliihaui If,, 724 acres are taken up, .").."!."i4 of which are under cultivation. Tliis is a sill ill town>'iiji. e .tilainiii;: good land and some well-cleared farms. Timber — mosiiy hardwood. It is well watered by numerous .small streams running aeros> it. PopnI.itlon in 1S4I. 710. Uatable propi'rty in the townshii>. .i;i.'}.8.'}8. HAI-KKMI. A Township in the County of Kent; is bounded on the north by the River Thames; on the west by 'rilbmv i;;iii; on the south by Lake Erie; and on the uortli-eust by the township of Harwich. lu Ki>.leigh 33,151 acres are taken up. 157 'flf which 5,569 are under cultivation. This township is improving fast Tlie portion of it lying along the bank of the Thames, as also the neighbourho(Kl ^.hrough which the Talbot Hoad passes, are well settled and cultivated. An extensive prairie, running parallel with the Thames, at a distance of from half a mile to a mile, and of an average width of from three to four miles, runs through nearly the whole length of this township, commencing about three mik'S bi'low the town of Chatham; it re(|uires considerable draining, and is at present used by the farmers in the neighbourhood principally for grazing cattle. Near Erieus. on Talbot Road, is a steam mill. Soil a. d timber generally about the siime as Harwich. In Ualeigh 4,4U0 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8v. currency per acre ; and the Canada Company have about 6,")t)0 acres. Two branches of the River Thames run through this towii.ship; one of which enters the Thames about three miles below (.'haiham ; the other joins it iu i'ilbury East, about a mile and a half below the town line. Mumber of inhabitants, 1,877. Ratable property in the township, £20,427. Eeports from lialeiyh (at Lake Erie ),for the year 1844. £. s. ns and Trades. — One store, one tannery, one tavern, one waggon maker, one tailor, two blacksmiths, two shoenuikers, one cabinet maker. RICHMOND. A Township in the Midland District ; is tounded on the east by the township of Camden ; on the north by Hungerford : on the west by Tyendenaga ; and oTi the south by Fredevicksburgh, and the Bay of Quinte. In Richmond 40.434 acres are taken up, 10,301 of which are imder cultivation. Two small lakes are situated in the north-west corner of the township ; and the village of Napanee is in its south-east corner, on the Napanee River. Richniond is well settled, and contains some gotxl farms. There is a considerable ([uantity of limestone in the township. Timber principally hardwood, with some pine. There are three grist and seven saw-mills in the township. Population 2,G3a Ratable property in the township, 38,029. RICHMOND HITX. A small Village situated on Yonge Street, sixteen miles north from Toronto. It contains about 140 inhabitants. Churches two. Episcopal and Methodist. A stage runs daily from Richmond Hill to Toronto, and back again. Post office, post every day. Professions and Trades. — Four stores, four taverns, one watchmaker, on* baker, two tinsmiths, two tailors, three shoemakers, one blacksmith. Principal Tavcrm. — "Dalby's" (the stage house), and '* Bingham's." RIDEAU CANAL. The line of water communication between the Ottawa River and Lake On- tario. It was constructed by the Government as a great military w ork. It commences at Bytown. where eight handsome locks have been constructed to (Overcome the fall in the river of thirty-four feet, anil is formed through the bed of the Rideau River, with two or three deviations to avoid obstructions in its course, till it reaches the Great Rideau Lake, through which it is carried, and afterwards through Mud Lake. It is then carried into the bed of the Cataraciui River, and continues through its course till it reaches Kingston. It is 120 miles in length, and in some parts is very clieuitous. The country through which it 161 passes, bears in general a very diflferent aspect to that traversed by the Welland Canal. Hut Httle of the land bordering on the Rideau Canal is under cultivation; much of it is poor and rockys and of that tit for cultivation, thousands of acres have Ihhii flooded by the damming of the rivers to form the canal, and immense .juriiiiities of timber have been conseciuently destroyed. Great numbers of trees are still staiidintr, dead, and surrounded by water, and give those portions of the banks of the canal a decayed, deserted, miserable appearanee. As their roots become decayed, however, they fall into the water, and are gradually carried off by the stream ; and iu the course a few years the canal will be free from them. There are several handsome loeks on the canal, the machinery of which is of a very perfect description. 'J'here is much pict\n'es(p>e scenery on the canal, and s<>nu' that may even be termed romantic. The finest s])ot on the canal, after leaving Hytown, is Kingston Mills, about six miles above Kingston. The villages and settlements on the canal consist of Rurritt's llapids, forty- one miles from Hytown; Merrieksville, forty-seven; Smith's Falls (a flourishing village iu the liatlmrst District), sixty ; ()liver's Ferry (where tlie road from Perth to Brockville crosses tlie Uideau Lake, by means of a ferry-boat), seventy-two ; the Isthmus, a small settlement, eighty-seven ; Hrewer's Upper Mills, lOU ; Kingston Mills, 120; Kingston, rJ6. Htherto the traflic on this canal has been very great ; all merchandiae intended for the country above Kingston having been sent through it, at a great expense ; and the greater portion of the passenger traflic from Montreal to Kingston also passed through the canal ; for the future, however, the opening of the St. Lawrence canals will so much shorten the passage, and consequently lessen the expense, that no goods, except those intended for places along thie canal, or the country above IJytown, will be forwarded by the Rideau ; and of course passengers will choose the shorter route. RIDEAU RIVER.-(6'ee Rideau Canal.) ROCHESTER. A Township in the county of Essex ; bounded on the north by Lake St Clair ; on the west by Helle River ; on the south by Gosfield ; and on tlw east by Tilbury West. In Uochester 12,124 acres are taken up ; of which 923 are under cultivation. Soil fertile ; timber the same as Maidstone. The River lluscom, which takes its rise in Gosfield, runs through this Township, and enters Lake St. Clair, about four miles above Belle River. In Rochester, 1,100 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8*. c'y per acre ; and 2,500 acres of land belong to the Canada Company. Population 474. Ratable property in the township, je5,2f)'2. ROMNEY. A township in the Western District, is bounded on the south-east by Lake Erie ; on the north by the township of East Tilbury; and on the west by Mersea. In Romney 7603 acres are taken up, 975 of which are under cultiva- tion. This is a triangulur-shaped township, with its base towards the lake ; tin? land in it is of excellent quality, and the timber consists of the best kinds of hardwood — maple, oak, beech, elm, hickory, black walnut, &c., with a small quantity of cedar on the border of the bke. Romney is as yet but little settled, and in 1845 it only contained 257 inhabitants. Ratable property iu th« township £3,532. ^f 'I : ' 1 "v i . I ■'it i ' i r* !S c Ml\h !{ 162 ROND' EAU, POINT AUX PINS, or LANDGUARD. A Harbour on Lake Erie, sixty-five miles below the head of the lake. A cape projects, ■which incloses a natural basin of about 6000 acres in extent, and with a depth of from ten to eleven feet The communication between the basin and the lake is across a sand-bank of about forty yards in breadth, and only a few feet above the level of the water. The government has commenced improving the harbour, by cutting a channel through the bank, running out piers, &c. When completed, it will be a work of great importance to vessels navigating the lake, and also as a shipping-place to the surrounding country — it being fourteen miles from Chatham, in the County of Kent, and an excellent road having lately been completed between the two places. ROSS. A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on the north-east by the Ottawa River; on the north-west by Westmeath; on the south-west by Bromley; and on the south-east by Horton. In Ross 6,468 acres are taken up, 615 of which are under cultivation. This township has lately been divided, and the township of Bromley separated from it. Ross is at present but little settled, and 2i),20i> acres of Crown lands are open for sale in it There are two saw mills iu the township. Population in 1842, 168. Ratable property in the township, £2,84.'i. ROUGE RIVER. A small River, which takes its rise in the township of Whitchurch, and flows through Markham and Scarborough; in which latter township it enters Lake Ontario. It is a good mill stream, and there is some excellent timber on its bunks. ROXBOROUGH. A Township in the Eastern District; is bounded on the north-east by the reserve of the St. Regis Indians; on the north-west, by Planfagenet and a small portion of Canibridge; on the south-west by Finch: and on the soiith-eiist by Cornwall. In Hoxborough 20,118 acres are taken up, 2,41 1 of which are under cultivation. This township is pretty well settled, and contains good land. Timber — a mixture of pine and hardwood. Three hundred and fifty acres of ('rown lands are open for sale in Roxhorough. at Ss. currency per acre. There arc ime grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 1,107; who are principally Scotch and Irislu Ratable property in the township, £9,9U2. RirSCOM lilVER. Take its rise in the townshij) of (Josfield. and runs thronch the township of Roeiiesfcr. within from two to three miles of its eastern honlef. till it enters Lake St. Clair. It is several feet deep for sonu; miles before it enters the lake. RUSSELL. A Township in the Ottawa Di.striet; is boitnded on the east by the township of Cambridge; on the north-west by <'uniberl:ind; on the south-west by O-goode; and on the south-east by Winchester and Finch. In Russell 4,'.).'ll) acres are taken im, M4 of which are under cultivation. Several branches of the Petite Nation iliver are spread over tin; township, on t'le liinks of wliieli there is a great deal of pine timber. Wu.ssell is as yet but litlle si itled; j of Crown lands are open for sale iu it, at H«. currency per acre, jrist and three saw mills in the town.-hip, P»)pulali< II in 1842, I'.Mi. Kutable p'dp^'rty in tliu tuwiiMiiip, £-2,:]90. * ll»,.i;j,'> acres There are one ip of Isliip liHie ; are lotitt* is u lcr«'s uiiu 163 RUSSELL. A Connty in the Ottawa District; comprises the townships of Clarence, Cumherlaud, Cambridge and Hussell. It returns a member to the House of Assembly. SABLES, RIVIERE AUX. A River, different brandies of which take their rise in the townships of Bid- duiph, Ste|)hen, Usborno and London. It flows along the east and south border of the township of Williams, till it reaches its south-west corner, when it makes a bend and runs to the north, forming tiie western boundary of the townships of Williams and McCJillivray, and separating them tV'Mii Bosanquet; at the northern extremity of the latter townsliip it luukes a curve, and runs south, parallel with Lake Huron, and at an average distance of half a mile from it, for alwut ten miles, when it enters the lake, about five miles above Kettle Point As its name imports, its bed and kinks are very sandy. A ridge of sand hills separates it from Lake Huron. A saw mill was established at the north bend of the river soon after the first settlement of the Huron I>istrict, and has been in operation ever since. SALTFLEET. A Township in the (lore District; is bounded on the east hy the township of Grimsby; on tbe north by Lake Ontario and Burlington Bay; on the west by Barton; and cm the south by Biiibruok and Caistor. In Saltfleet 2.'?,7.'U acres are taken up, 11,112 of which are under cultivation. This township is watered by St(mey Creek, and two or three other small streams: It contains a large proportion of excellent land, and many old-*tlied and well-cultivated farms. Tlie villaie of Stcmey Creek is situated on the road from Hamilton to St. Catha- rines, and Stoney Oeek flows throug-h jL There are one grist and six saw nulls in the township. I'opulation in 1S41, . Ratable property in the township, £4'J,.141. S.\NDWICH. The District Town of the Western District, beautifully situated on the Detroit River, about two miles below Detroit, ami nine miles bi-low Lake St. Clair. The town is neatly laid out; ;md, being an old st'ttleinent, with fine old orclianls, and well kept flower gardens, has very mui li the appearance of an Enf;lisli country town. It is buill on a gravelly soil, ou a gently sloping bank, a slntct distance from the river, which is here about a iiile wide. Tliis is one of the oldest set- tlements in Canada. (\)lonel Prine* , the member tor tlie county, has a fine farm, in a highly improvid state, a short di^t•ltlce trict Ofliees are kept in SandTrich- Clerk of Peace. Treasurer of District, Sheriff of do., iludge of Surrogate l.'ourt, hegis- trar of dt).. Registrar of Counry of r.sse>;, In^-pcelor of l.ieeii.ses. Clerk of Dis- trict Court. CUrk of Municipal Council, Auditors of Municipal Council. Sandwich had bariaiks during the relnliion; but they have since b»vn disposed of, and convened to private purposes. Population about 4.'iO. /.i.st iif J'nif'i.s\iiin.'< ami Tntdrs. — Tw>, physician? and surgemis. six lawyers, four surveyors, luie steam grist 'iiiil and lardnig machine. Iwi> grist windmilts, one brewery, one tannery, one :ushery, >i.v stores, one auctioneer, three tailors, two saddlers, six blacksmiths, one prititin;; oilice, one gmmmith, two wuggor, makei"s, one hatter, one baker, one school, twelve taveiiu. I'riucif}(tl Tavirn — tbe " Weitern HoteL" N-2 i iil lil ft I. m 164 SANDWICH. The north- western township of the County of Essex; hounded on the north and west by Lake St. Clair and the Detroit Kiver; on the south by the town- ships of Anderdon and Colchester; and on the east by the township of Maid' stone. In Sandwich .') 1,476 acres are taken up, of whicli 10,797 are under cultivation. It is well watered, having Little River at the north-east corner, on which is a saw mill; the Riviere aux Peclicson the east; Turkey Creek running through the centre, on which is a grist mill; and the River Canard -24. Ratable property in the township, .£.').^),.')69. SANTA CUrZ. A small Settlement in the township of Osnabruck, situated on the St. Law- rence, fitlleen miles from Cornwall. It contains two churches — Kpiscopul and Presbyterian; and one tavern. S.VRMA, PORT. A Village in the township of Sarnia, handsomely situated on the St. Clair River, ojjposite the American village Port Huron, near the entrance to Lake Huron. This is the last place on the Canadian side at which the American steamers touch, on their route to the upper lakes. The village was laid out by private individuals in the year IS.'J.'J, and has inen ased rapi(ll\, and must in time become a place of great importance An excellent road is foinud from this place to the town of L«mdon ; and stages run from Port Sarnia to London timv times a wirk. The Anu'rican steamlioats "Hercules," ".'>amsoi)," "Princeloi!," and "St. Louis" stoj) regularly on their passages to and from I'.nffalo and ('hicago; and the " llunm " and "Red Jacket" leave here every morning altcriuitely for Detroit. Several other American boats call occasionally. During the last season the llritish steanuT "Core," from Windsor to (Joderieh and (ihtster Hay, also called here refnilarly. There is an excellent fishery just above the village, on the banks of Point Ldward; and upwards of Iimh) barvels offish are generally exported annually. Port Sarnia contains five churches ai d chapels; viz.. Episcopal. Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist and Congregational. Five .schooners are owned here. There is a saw mill on the river worked by nuans of a canal three miles and a half in length, fed by the Riviere aux Pirehe-*; and a steam grist mill and foinulry have recently been erected, a |)ort of entry, and has a resident colls. Port Sarnia is Post (Kliee. jiost (bree times a week. Popidatioii about iW. I'niJ'r.i.siiiiis anil Trudvs. Ahw physician and surgeon, one druggist, two tan- mries, one foundry, one steam grist n\ill. one water saw mill, eight stores, om^ saddler, "iie tinsmith, three blacksmiths, one wheelwright, two favcns. two chair nuikers, one cabinet maker, three tailors, twn baken*, one coojicT, three 8hoemukei*s, three si'liools, cnie of which is for Indians. J'rintijml Tiuurn, tin " Sarnia Kxchange." Aiftntfur StinmfnMit.i -iivorf^t i>urand. Port Sarnia is sixlyMme miles from London, seventy miles fnim D«>tn)it, about sixt}-fivo milex from Total value of Exports from Port Sarnia., .X.'j.'i.ji) 5 S.AHNIA. A Township in the County of Kent; is hounded on the north by Lake Huron; vm the west by the River St. Clair; on the south by the township of .Moore ;• and on the eti-st by I'lymptoii. In Saruia 10..")40 acres are taken up, of whieli i,;5t><) are under eiiltivatiou. Ti-n thousiind acres of the fiiu-st land in the towu- jJiip, reuchiujr tn)ui Frooiuetieid to Port Sarnia. are reserved for the Indians, who immlier about 700. 'I'hey farm a littii'. but live princi|)ally by hnntinir ami lishiiifT. Tiiey iiave a Methodist chapel and school. Tliis township is well vattrfd ; the Hiviere auv I'erchcs, which takes its rise in Knuiskillen, runs throuirli the township till it reaches Lake NN'aywatiosh. which it "liters at its vestern side, about six miles troni I'ort .Sarnia, and emcrircs atrain at its south- tai>l corner, and enters Lake lluroti aixmt eleven uiiies above Port .Sarnia. Lake Waywanosh. the nearest point of which is lialfainile from Lake Huron, con- tiut\^ about 2t'o(l aen's; av.'ragc depth from six to eijilit feet ; and is surrounded liv prairie land. Lake Chipicau, a jrood iai\d. A point of laiiil. eallfd i'oiiit I'.dward, containinu: about 10(H» actes. which is a mili- t;iry reserve, runs into the .St. < 'lair i'iver just above Port Sarnia. at the entrance of Lake Humn. Thin is said by the old inhabitants to have been fornu'rly an island; but the north ptu'tion of the channel on the ea't side of it has bcconu! filled up: thus eunneetinur it with the nuiin laud, uud tbnuing u fine bay, bhcl- tcivd on the north, east and west. PopiUilion t exclusive of Luiiaus) (IK). Uat;<.blu property iu tiie township, (;8,472. SALtiKKX. A .Sefilcment of Chijipewa Indians, near the mouth of the Sanjfcen River, on Litk'' Huron. It was from these Indians, and their bn thren since settled at Owen's S(e Cieor^ian Bay, north ve (MKlerieh, and eighteen above the .Saugeen Uiver. Thi'V are not inhabited; but a large <|uaniity offish is annually taken on their banks. About 1(11)0 barreli* are generally exported; but «/i»/ (/M««^V// might be taken, th 'Pe being no limit to the supply. As inueli as from two lo three hundred burrelsof Itih Uuve beeu lukeu ut u liiitgle huul uf the kieiue. ]■ tl > of the t of 167 SCARBOROUGH. A Township in the Home District; is bonndi'd on the east by the to-wnship t»f Pickerinjr; on the north by Markham; on the west by York; and on the south by Lake Ontario. In "Scarboroujjjii .'5S,709 acres are taken up. lf),()83 of which are under cultivation. The River Don runs throujrh the west of the township, and the Hiver Koupe through the east. The hind bordfrinj? on the lake is mostly poor, and the timber principally pine; in the rear of the township the land improves, and the tinihor is mostly hardwood. Scarboroufrh is .-ell settled, and contains many pood farms: a larpe portion of which are let t.) the occupants; the averape rent being $2 per acre. 'Fhere are one pris' and eiphteen saw mills in the township, and large |»en for sale in Scott, at 8*.'. currency per acre. V'or poimlatioii of the town-sliij), see I'xiiniDUE. Hatuble property iu the township, t^tMi.}. SELRORNK, ob TALBOT MILLS. A Village in the townships of Viirmouth aiul Southwold, situated on Kettle Creek, close to the plank road —one mile and half from Port Stanley. IVo/'essiohs (iiiil Tniiles.— Ouv prist mill, two distilleries, one foundry, two ph\sieiaus ami surgeons, ime druggist, two stons, two taverns, tv o blacksmiths, one waggon maker, one shoenuiker, one tiiilor. si:nk( A. A Township in the Gore DisJ' ; . is bounded on the east by ibr town^'-ip (>f <'anl)oro"; on the north-east by >. aistor, Riiiluook, aiul (Jlanrord; on tlu- virfh- wi'st by Onondaga; on the south-west by the (iraiul Rivir; and on the voutji- east by the township of Cayupi. In Seneca ,;Hti. I 1 Mi 11, M i 15: ! i ::; j I : i L i r>: • fm M 1 f I' ■ ■ I i ' - ! ! i < 1 168 SENECA. A flourishing Village in the township of Seneca, situated on the Grand Rirer^ one mile below Caledonia. It contains about 140 inhabitants. There is a Methodist church in the village. Professions and Trades. — One grist mill (four run of stones), one saw mill, carding machine and cloth factory, planing machine, chair factory, one physi- cian and surgeon, two stores, three taverns, one turner, one cabinet mak«r, tliree shoemakers, three blacksmiths, one tailor. SEVERN RIVER. A River which receives the waters of Lake Simcoe and Lake Oougiehin, and conveys them to the (Joorgian Bay. There is some beautiful scenery on the river; but it is not navigable on account of the falls and rapids in it. Between Lake Gougichin and Gloucester Bay, the falls are seven in number. SEYMOUR. A Townsliip in the Newcastle District; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of IlaMd(.:i; on the north by Belmont ; on the west by Percy and Aspho- del ; and on die south by Murray. In Seymonr .Tl.S.iO acres are taken up, C'.S'2'\ of will. -h are under cultivation. The UivL-r Trent enters the township at its north ■%vest corner — runs northward for n short distance, then makes a eurvi.' and follows a south-east com"" till mar the centre of the township, where it receives the Marmora Uiver; it 'hen runs south-west to near tlie south-west corner of the township, wlavr it m,>'.'S another bend, and runs along the town- line to the south-east corner of thi (ownslii]). where it enters .'Sydney. There is an island, called " AVilson's !:.itimi," in the river; part of which is in Seynvour, part in Murray, and part 'n '"^ 1 i.-y. There are also two smaller islands, one of which is in tin s • li-ea*-'! ftr 'vr, and the other in the north of the township. There is much we^ i\d iji ^hf tov. nshij). The timber is a mixture uf pine and hardwocd. Tiiere .'V twi gris* nd six saw uiills in the township. Popnlaticui in 184.'. If^iiS. Ilutahle property i,i the inwi^sV^n, flS,(;r.;>. SITANNONVILLE. A small Village in the township o{' Tyeiidenaga, situated on tin- Kinjiston road, about nine miles east from Heiieville. The Salnuni Hiver runs through the village. It contains about 50 inhabitants oiiv store, two taverns, Ohe black smith. SIIAKON. ou DAVIDTOWN. A Village in the township of East Gw illiniltnry. tliree rmhs and a half from till" Holland I.aiKiing. and about thirty-five from Toio'ifo. It war^ first settlcii in the car 1H(K), by a Mr. David Wilson, from the state of New York; who, with ,1 I'fW followers, about six in nunitxr. seceded 'rom the Sieiety of l-'rit nds, and established a sect of his oMn. These l.i.ve bt en siiu'e known as " I>avi(]S- ites." They have at ifieat ex|H>Hse, and much labour, erected two large build- ings of a most siufrular apivaranee. which sti!i;e the eye of the tnivillvr at :i C4>nsiderabli' distanee. The first of ihesi'. .(I'signed to b»' an >uii«atioii of the muieiit .lewisli teinpU, is a building, llu gi< and floor *)f which is sixty feet s«|nare, and twentv -four feet high, Alu-ve this is a galli.-rv, 'or n'V«-'..al per- foriiianees; and alMive this again, a kiu'i (»f tower or steeple, 'i he * hoie heifrht uf the building is sixtv-five feet. In ;lie inte.-ior is a large s> nee eneli««'d h twelve pillars, ou each of which is inserilud in gold U'tters. tite name ol'«ua' ot flu' .\postl>'N. Within these again, aif timr others, insenfH :l m like manner wSth the words, " Mop*',' " Faith." "Mharity." "Love," In the centre of th«- building, surrounded by tlicKe pillars, is a kiud of CHbiuet, about tivc feet s^iwrv* 169 and seven feet high, made of oak, of elaborate workmanship; in shape, st>nie- thing resembling one story of a Chinese Pagoda; at the four corners and on tlie top of which are placed brass lamps. On each side of the cabinet art* four windows. The interior is lined with black cloth, trimmed with crimson. In the centre is a kind of table covered with black cloth, with crimson hancjings, supporting a Hiblr. 'J'he temple was built by the eongregation, who spent seven years about the work ; working, of course, only at intervals. It was completetl in the year 1832. Every year, on the f t Friday evenini in St-pteiuber, the temple is brilliantly illuminated. A nieeting is held here monthly i'or the pui»- pose of making colled ions for the poor. The members subscribe altogether !j!^ per month. Since the completi(m o " the temple, )j!1500 have been contri- buted; fiOd of Mliich have been expendel. The second building is the meeting house; which measures 100 feet by .10. It is surrounded on the outside by rows of pillars. The ground flooi- is twenty fe<'t high, the ceiling is arched, and is supported by tliree rows of pillars, on which are inscribed in letters of gold, the names— Daniel, Kzekiel, JiTcuiiah, Moses, Jacob, Abraham, Solomon, 1 )avid (with a hnrp), Judah, Keubeii, SaiimeL, Levi, Isaac, IJenjamin, Aaron, Joseph, and "Our Lord is one (Jod." There is also a tolerable organ. Above the nu-iting-honse is a school-nxnn, fifty by twenty-one feet. The building was completed in 1842. It wiis built by sub- scription, am', cost about .*2.")0i). The members meet every Sunday for religious service; and twice a-year, viz., on the first .S-aturdays in .Fuiie and Sc|)t(inber, for a feast or eonimunion, at which tinu' all comers are welcomed. 'I'he eon- gregation. ineludiiig eiiildirn, number about 200. P()|»ul!iti(in of Sharon, about I.jO. Post Office, post twice a-wcek. I'lofi'ssidiis (111(1 Tnidcs. — One tannery, tMO stores, one saddler, two black- smiths, one tavern, one wheelwright, one tailor, one tinsiiiith, one weaver. SMF.rriKLD. A Township in the Midland District; is bounded on the east by Storringt(m; on the north by Kaladar and Ktiincbec; on the west by llungfrford; and (^r\ the south hy ( 'anulcu. In Slu-flield I'.t.HS!) acres are taken up. 'ixi)!* of Mhich are uu/-Vj«^ I'opulation about 1,4(10. Post office, post every day. The following (Jovernment and District Offices are kept in Simcoe : Judge of District Court, Sheriff, Clerk of Pcaci', liis]H'Ctor of Licenses, Crown Lauds Agent, District Clerk, Treasurer, Clerk of District Court, De|uity Clerk of Crown, Superintendent of Schools. J'tntissiitns ami TrtnUs. — Two grist-mills, two saw do., one brewery, two distiilerie.s, one foundry, one a.sliery. one carding machine and fulling mill, three physicians and surgeons, two lawyers^ one ttireshing maehine maker, oii« fiui'veyor, uiuu stores, six taverns, two druggists, six blackbiuilhs, one watch- 171 maker, three cabinet-makers, two saddlers, six tailors, one chair-maker, one turner, one livery stable, one temperance bouse, two butchers, one cooper, on« grocery, one gunsmith, four shoemakers, one bank agency — " Gore." SIMCOE DISTRICT. Consists of the county of Simcoe, which comprises the townsliips of Adjala, Artemisia, Coliingwodd, Essa, Flos, West Gwillinibury. liniistil, Medoiite, Matchadash, Mulnmr, Mono, Nottawasaga, Ospry. (^)r(), Orillia, St. Vincent, Sunuidale, 'i'ay. Tiny, Tecuuisetb, Tossorontio ; Evii)iirasiu and W'spra. (t i s bounded on the east by t lie Home District, Lake .Sinjooe, Lake (JoiiL'-ichin, and the Severn River ; on the north by the Severn River and the various bays of the (Jeorjiian Bay ; on the west by the Wellington District ; and on tlie south by the Home District. It is watered by the Nottawasaga River, and the Holland and Coldwater Rivers, bL'sides numerous small streams scattered over it. This district formed a portion of the Home District until tlic year 1H4.'5 ; •when tile county of Simcoe was declared a separate district. It contains a large portion of very excellent land, the settlement of which has been hitherto much retarded by the want of good roads ; some of the farmers in the back townships finding it almost impossible to get out of the bush, except during sleighing time. Many ( fthe townships are newly surveyed, and have not long been opened for sale. The townships of West Gwillimbury and Teeuiiiseth are the best settled in the district ; the inhabitants jirincipally Iri».h and Scotch. Next to these are the townships or Oro, Innisfil. and Mono. There are many good farms above IJarrie, on the road leading from Harrie to Penetanguishint' ; near the latter place the land is mostly stony and sandy, and the timber princi- pally pine. There is excellent land in Orillia, which township is now beginning to .settle up. Good roads into the interior of the district are umeii wanted w promote the settlement of the land. IJarrie, the district town, is beautifully situated on Kempenfeldt Hay, and there are besides in the district the villages of Hradl'ord. Rond Head, aiul Middleton in West (Iwillimbnry ; Penetaiiguishine in Tiny ; Orillia in Orillia; and (Joldwater in Medonte ; besides a settlement called " Hurontario." in St Vincent, on the Nottawasaga Hay. 'J'wo hmidrcd and one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two acres of Crown lands are open Cor sale in the Simeoe District, at S.v. c'y per acre, to purcltase any of which application nuist be matle to the Crown liands Agent at Harrie. Population in 1842, 12,;V,I2, since when it has probably increased one-fifth. The Ibllowing abstract from the assessment rolls, Avill show the rate of increase and improvement in the district : Date. No. of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Ciribt. Saw. Milch CowK lOxon 4 years old, aiiil upwiinij. 1842 1843 1844 44,f..39 4G,:i.')4 10 11 12 2.3 22 29 llornrd Cat tie from u to I Years (ilil. 2424 2.i I S 2,-) If. Amount of Halal'lc I'mpiTty. 141.04B 14."). 706 1;j7.7'.M GiH'ernment and District Officvrs in the Simcor Disfrlrt. District Judge James R. Gowan... Marrie. Judge of Surrogate Court Do. Do. Shefitt" M.W.Smith l>o. Clerk of Peace VV. H. MeVity Do. Treasurer Kdimmd Lally Do. I! ! ! I t ' llllit !' .. i ■ii ''1 111)! ' l!l ill! 172 He^istrar George Lotint Inspector of Licenses John Moberly Oown Lands Apent John Alexander ... Superintendent of Schools Rev. S. B. Ardagh. District (Merk John McWatt Clerk of District Court J. Lane Deputy Clerk of ('row n H. H. Gowan Collector of Customs W. Simpson. ...«..> Penctanguishine.. Warden None Cm'(Uier None Aiimftcr of Common Scliooli m nf>crntion m the District. — West Gwillinibtiry, seventeen ; Medonte, seven ; Tecnniseth, seventeen ; Mono, te ; Adjiilo, eight; Innisfil, eight; Essa, six; Vespra, two; Alulmur, two ; Oro, ten ; Tiny, one; Sunnidale one ; Flos, 3; Orillia, one ; Nottawasaga, three. Total, 96. W.Gwillimbnrrf Barrie. Do. Do, Do. Do. Do. SLMCOE LAKE. .\ I^ake situated partly in the Ifonie and partly in tlie Simcoe Districts. It couiinoiiees about thirty-five miles north from Toronto, and is in length nearly tJiirty-iniles, and in its widest part about eighteen. It is said to be about 170 feet abdve Lake Huron, into which it discharges itself, through Lake Gougicliinr tlio Severn Kiver, and the Georgian ^\■^\■. The scenery of Lake Situcoe is very jnctures(|ue, its shores being very mucii indented with bays, some of which are tif eoiisiderable extent. A beautifid bay, called " Kempenfeldt i{;iy," runs into tlie liind on the west side of the lake; it is alxnit ten miles long, and from two to tiircf miles wide. ]?arrie, the district town of the Simcoe District, i.< situated on its north-western extremity. Cook's Hay, the southern extremity i.)rth (Jwilliud)ury, and also in a portion of the south of (leorgina, there are some very prettily situated farms, ■« liieii are well cultivated; the banks in Thonui are not so nmeh settled, and those of .Mara and !{ama still less so; in the latter township is an Indian settk*- 'Mi the baidvs of the lake. The banks in Oro and V'espra are partialty but not much; on the Innisfil side, they are clotheh. \ steamboat has plied on this lake for about ejeven or twehe years; the presen' oni'. the " Heaver,"' (which was launclu-il rn 1844), which is the third, is also the largest and best that has been built; sin? i.>i a tiiic l)oat an ftiid li(;s there till Monday luurning. ] 173 W The water in some parts of the lake is of considerable depth, and it is peneralljr f^o'ien completely over in the winter, so as to be passable witli sui'ety for sleight^ ■when the ice breaks up in the spring, it sinks ut once to the bottom. Those accustomed to the ice generally know how long it is safe to venture on it, and accidents seldom hai)pi-a. About four years since, a settler on the lake was engaged to take a sleigh load of goods to the op|)osite side; the winter was breaking up, and the ice on tlie lake was becoming honey-comhed uiideriieatli, a smc sign tluit it would not hist much longer, and he knew that if lie deferred liis jouniry for a day or t>w» there would be no chance of getting ids load across till the steauilioat com- menced running. He therefore set otf with his team in the night, took liis loiul across in safety, and started on his return honu' just as the sun began to risi*; he knew by the ai)pearance of the ice, and from tlu' direction of the wiiul. that the ice would not be safe many hours longer, he therefore put his horses to a galloj)^ and kept them at that pace the whole May home (1:2 miles); he crossed m safety, i'lid tivo hours after he landed there was not a vestige of ice to be seen ai the lake. Notwithstanding the teuu'rity of those accustomed to the ice, it is viTv seldom that any serious accident, such its loss of life, occurs; horses, how- ever, are lost every winter through the ice, but the drivers generally numagv to save themselves. Very fine whitetish and niaskelon:ie are taken in Lake Sijucoe; and line white cornelians are said to have been picked up on the shore of Kempenfeldt bay. SISTERS, THE. Three Islands situated in the western extremity of Lake Erie, two of wJiich belong to England, and the thiixl to the United States. Of those belonging to England, the largest, or East Sister, ccmtains about thirty-five acres, the Middle Sister contains about twelve or fourteen acres. They are not inhabited. SCUGOG LAKE.— (AVf Rick Lakk.) SMITH. A Township in the Colbornc District j is bounded ha* ns, and a school house, in which their children are instructed by a respectable tL'acher, and Divine service is performed by a resident missionary of the Metho- dist persuasion, to which these Indians belong. They have about l.'iO acres under cultivation, and are improving in habits of industiy and agricultural skill. Their missionary, who has been acquainted with them since July. 18.19, states that the majority of theiu are strictly moral in their character, and that many of them for consistency of character, would not suffer by a comparison with white \_hristians of any denomination. The superintendent, however, states that the soil of the island is stoney, and not well adapted for Indian modes of cultivation. The timber on the island is mostly hardwood, and includes a good proportion of maple; and, during the sugar-making season, many Indians come down from Penetanguishene and other places, to make a supply of sugar. SOMBRA. A Township in the Western District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Dawn ; on the west by the River St. C^iair ; on the north by Moore ; and on tlie south by Dover and the Clienail Ecarte. In Sombra 1.3,476 iieres are taked up. ITiHi* of which are under cuitiAation. The north branch of Bear Creik rims tlirough the centre of the township, in the south of which it joins the east branch, which flow s along near the south border of the townshij) ; near the OMitre of the south ol'fhc township, it discharges itself into the Clienail Kcarti'-. The east and north of the township contain excellent land — that bordering on tlic lower i)ortion of the St. (.'lair and Chenail Eearte is rather inclined to In; marshy ; and there are extensive low plains, very useful for feeding cattle. 'NVal])olc Island and St. Ann's Island, the former of which is occupied by Indians, ari' included in the township. The village of Wnllawburgh is situated at the forks of Hear Creek. There are two grist and two paw mills in the townsliip. Population in IH4'2, 8(iO; who are u mixture of CauudiaDtt and emigrants fruiu Grcut Mrituin and Ireland. Hutable property in the towuthip, JC«7U8, 175 SOMMERVILLE. A Township in the Colborne District; is bounded on the east and north by unsurveyed lands ; on the west by unsurveyed lands and the township of Bexley ; and on the south by Verulam. This township has not yet been correctly sur- veyed, and little is known of it. It is at present but little settled, and no return has yet been made from it Fifty-one thousand two hundred and ninety-seven acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Sommerville, at 8*. currency per acre. SOPHIASBURGH. A Township in the Prince Edward District ; is bounded on the north and east by the Bay of Quinte; on the west by Ameliasburgh and Hiilier; and on tlie south by Hallowell. In Sophiasburgh 43.210 acres are taken up, 18,272 of which are undor cultivation. An Island in the Bay, called " Jiig Island," is in- diided in this township. A small lake, called " Fish Lake," containing about 500 acres, is situated about the centre of the township, and is connected with the bay by means of a creek. The village of Deniorestville is situated in the town- sliip. From the loose manner in which the last census was taken in this town- ship, it was impossible to ascertain the population with any degree of accuracy. Ratable property in the township, £51,996. SOUTHWOLD. A Township in the London District ; is bounded oa the east by the township of Yarmouth ; on the north by Westminster, Delaware and Carradoc; on the west by Dunwich ; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Southwold r)l,85;} acres are taken up, 1.5,894 of which are under cultivation. This is a well-settled township, containing many thoroughly-cleared and well-cultivated farms. The River Thames runs through the north-west corner of the township, and it is besides watered by branches of Kettle Creek. In the north of the township llie timber is principally hardwood ; in the centre and still«ry, one 177 foundry, seven stores, one druggist, three taverns, two waggon makers, three blacksmiths, three butchers, lour shoemakers, two .<)addlers, three tailors, one tiusniith. STORMONT. A County in the Eastern District. It comprises the townships of Cornwall, Finch, Osnabruck, Roxborough, and, except for the purpose of representation in the Legislative Assembly, the town of Cornwall. It returns a member to the House of Assembly. STORRINGTON. A Township in the Midland District ; is bounded on the east by the township of Hinchinbrookc; on the north by Kennebec and Olden; Hit 15U village lots have been sold. ST. CATHARINES. A Town in the township of (iirantham, situated on the Wclland Canal, thirty- six miles from Hamilton, and twelve miles from Niagara. The town i,-, beauti- fully situated, having a fine view for a considerable distance of the Wmund Canal aud surrounding country. It is a place uf much trade, which arises partly O *l !l i i i tm 178 \', n i ' I'i'f ul from its contiguity to the Welland Canal, and partly from its extensive water power — an immense quantity of wheat being annually converted into flour. The town is well laid out, and contains some excellent buildings ; it was incor- porated in the year 1845, and at present contains a mixed population of about 3,500. Stages pass through the town daily during the winter, from Hamilton to Queenston and Niagara, and to Fort Erie, opposite Buffalo; and three times a week- —Monday, Wednesday and Friday — to Dunnville on the Grand River. In summer, daily to Chippewa, and to Niagara, to meet the boats to and from Hamilton and Toronto, and Buffalo. There is a ship-yard and dry dock for the repair of vessels ; and the principal office belonging to the Welland Canal is kept here. A fire company is established, with two engines. The grammar school is a handsome building; and there are also barracks, with one company of Canadian Rifles. A newspaper, the "St. Catharines Journal," is published here weekly. Churches and chapels, six ; viz.. Episcopal, Scotch Secession, American Pres- byterian, Catholic, Methodist and Baptist Post Office, post every day. Professions and Trades, — Six physicians and surgeons, five lawyers, four grist mills (containing twenty run of stones), one trip hammer, one brewery, three distilleries, one tannery, one foundry, one ashery, one machine and pump factory, two surveyors, one pottery, fourteen stores, two auctioneers, twenty -four groceries, one stove store, one prmter, one pail factory, one broom factory, one tallow chandler, eight taverns, three saddlers, three cabinet makers, two book- Si.llers and stationers, three druggists, one gunsmith, two watchmakers, three carriage makers, three bakers, two hatters, two livery stables, seven blacksmiths, one veterinary surgeon, three tinsmiths, one tobacconist, seven tailors, nine ■shoe makers, one grammar school, four schools for young ladies, three bank agencies — " Upper Canada," " Montreal," and " Commercial." Principal Tavern " St. Catharines House." Stage /ares from Ht. Catharines. s. d. To Hamilton 10 " Niagara 5 " Buffalo 7 6 " Chippewa 2 6 " Dunnville 10 " Queenston 2 6 Quantity of flour shipped from St. Catharines during the season of 1844 — 70,772 barrels. ST. DAVIDS. A Village in the township of Niagara, three miles west from Queenston, situated below the mountain, close to the main road from Hamilton to Queenston. It contains aboutl50 inhabitants. Professions and Trades. — Two water grist mills, one steam do., one distillery, one tannery, one brcM'ery, one ashery, one carding machine and cloth factory-, two stores, one tavern, one cooper, one blacksmith. ST. CLAIR RIVER. Receives the waters of Lake Hm-on, and conveys them to Lake St. ('lair Including its windings, it is about thirty miles long, and from three quarters of a mile to a mile and a half broxd. Between Lake Huron and Lake St. Clair it divides Canada from the United States. There were formerly, within tW memory of persons still living in the neighbourhood, three channels connecting tlie river with Lake Huron; two of these, however, have become filKd up, and a cape has been formed called Point Edward; below which i£ a cuosiderubl« 179 1844- t. Clair irters of Clair it bin tlt« mei'tiug up, and dfrabW bay with deep water, well sheltered by Point Edward, capable of affording accommodation to any number of vessels. There is a large island in the river, opposite the upper portion of the township of Moore; and opposite the settle- ment of " Sutherhinds," near the American shore, is a considerable extent of clay banks (called here "flats"), covered with about four feet of water, where some of the old inhabitants say they recollect the existence of an island, and that when children they used to paddle across in canoes in order to play upon it The banks of the upper portion of the St. Clair are high; those of the lower portion are lower, and in parts inclined to be marshy. The banks of the river generally are well settled, and many of the farms are beautifully situated. The flourishing village of Port Sarnia is situated at the head of the St. Clair, in the township of Sarnia; and Froomefield, Corunnaand Sutherlands, in the t(ywnship of Moore. There are several wharves constructed on the Canadian side of the river, for the convenience of supplying the steamboats passing with wood: large quantities are sold; and, as the land near the river becomes cleared, the commodity rises in value. In the lower portion of the township of Sarnia is a settlement of Chippewa Indians. These Indians are among the first whom Sir John Colborne endea- voured to settle and civilize. Previously to 18.30 they were wandering heathens, scattered over the western part of the Upper Province. In 1830 a number of them were collected on this reserve, containing 10,280 acres. A number of houses were built for them, and an officer was appointed for their superinten- dence. Their conversion to Christianity, and their progress in religious know- ledge, and in the ac({uisition of sober, orderly and industrious habits, has been, under the care of missionaries of the Wesleyan Methodist Society, both rapid and uniform. The total number of the Indians up to the year 1839 does not appear to have exceeded S.'iO. Since then their number has increased greatly by immigration, chiefly from the Saginaw Bay in the State of Michigan, and by the settlement of wandering Indians; and in 1842, as many as 741 received presents. There are two other settlements under the same superintendence; one at the River aux Sables, in the township of liesanquet, on a resert-e of 2650 acres, and another almost adjoining it, on a reserve of 2446 acres, at Kettle Point .n the same township, where five families reside. Tl\es(i Indians also possess a fourth resci^ve, on the River St. Clair, within the township of Moore, containing 2575 acres. Owing to the immigration which has taken place on this portion, since the notice to the visiting Indians of the United Suites was issued, and the removals which have occurred at these and the other Indian settlements in the neighbourhood, together with the mode in wliich the returns have been rendered, it is difllicult to state with precision the progress and the increase of each settlement. At present they are established chiefly on the front of the upper reserve, having small farms of six and a half chains in width on the River St. Clair. The total number of separate farms is forty-two; on sixteen of which there are good substantial log houses, erected by the government on the first formation of the settlement; but on the lower part of the reserve, where no houses were built by the government, the Indians reside in small log or bark hoiises of their own erection. There is only one log building resembling a barn ; but almost all the Inrli ms have small out-houses or sheds in which they house their crops. From a return made in 1839, there were twenty families occupying house*, who had 146 acres of land cleared, of which UtO were under cultivation. Their stock then consisted of two oxen, three cows, and two pigs; and they possessed three ploughs, two harro'rs. and nine vleighs. At present there are thirty-two families settled on the reserve, who have improved 205 acres of land: four indi- viduals have improved from ten to thirty acres; of the others, fifteen have five acres or more, and the remainder under five acres cleared. There are also five families settled on some land purchased with their annuity, and some held by license of occupation under the goTerumeat, in Enuiskilleu. These have o'2 r: m ... , 's^' ' if ■ ti; V! > 'i M.'i.. !■ n 11 i " ' i !: ji 180 tboat forty acres under cultivation, and possess two good log houses, and (wo small log barns. The Indians of the River aux Sables, have about sixty acres under im^ proveuieiit, and one log house. Those at Kettle Point have twenty acres of improved land, and two log houses. The land on the tipper reserve was regu- larly surveyed and laid out in farms. The chief with the approval of the superintendent, placed most of the present occupants on these lands; but it is nut indispensable that he should be consulted, as the members of the tribe may choose any unoccupied spot ; wlien once in possession they are secure from intrusion, but repeated ill conduct or drunkenness would subject them to be expelled from the reserve of the chief They are decidedly improved iu agriculture: they now understand ploughing, seeding, harrowing, tiie management of cattle, &c. They possess eight ploughs and four harrows, which each family uses alternately: a number of scythes and sickles, two fanning mills, and four cross-cut saws, form part of their general stock; besides which each fauiily possesses an axe, and a sutficiency of hoes, &c. They have nine yoke of oxen, eight cows, and some young stock ; besides a large number of horses and pigs. They are exceedingly attentive to their cattle, and feed them well during the winter. They cultivate chiefly Indian corn and potatoes, with small quantities of sprhig wheat, oats and peas. The field labour is entirely done by the male adults; but the women do all the lighter work of weeding and hoeing tlie Indian corn and potatoes. Their fondness lor iiuuting is much diminished, and they seldom hunt except when obliged to do so by want of meat, their stock at present being insufficient to keep them supplied. They have two excellent fisheries, yielding an abun- dance of herrings and whitefish ; and, during the run of the fish in the spring aid fall tiiey devote a great part of their time to fishing. They have seints, which the young men, combining in bunds, use alternately. Besides the fish which they retain for their own consumption, they dispose of considerable quan- tities to the white settlers on the banks of the river. The majority of these Indians are Wesleyan Methodists; all those residing in the upper reserve belong to that community, and attend public worship, wliich is performed in a capacious meeting-house i)uilt for the joint purpose of a chnrcli and school-liouse by the govi-rnmLMit, and lent to the mission; those at the River aux Sables am either mimbers of tlie (?hurch of Englard, or are desi- rous ot being admitted into it. There are also one or two families of Roman (.'atholics; and those residing at Kettle Point are heathens. The members of the Church of England at the River aux Sables, to which place they retired about two years ago, have as yet n(>ither a clergyman nor a place of worship. This year a catechist, an Indian by birth, has been appointed by the bishop to the eliaige of this settlement. There is a school-house at the upper reserve, under the direction of the mis- sionary, which is attended by twenty or thirty scholars of both sexes. The health of these Indians is good — their numbers are on the increase; they gene- rally have five children to a family, of wliom perhaps three arrive at matntity. Many of these Indians are industrious ; some of those at the up])er reserve are employed to cut cord-wood by the white s.'ttlers, and a few of them will manage to cut and pile tnree cords of wood per day: others employ themselves in making bowls, brooms, rush nuus and matting, axe handles, baskets, &c., which they usually manage to dispose of to the wliite settlers in the neighbour- hood of the St. Clair. ST. OLAIR, LAKE. A Tiuke situated between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. It receives the waters of tlie upper lakes from the lliver St. Clair, and disciuirgea tliem into tin.- bditJit River. In the widest part it is about t\ve;ity-slx nii'es ;.cio.;8; a. id in Icnjjui, from the head of the Detroit River i^ the entrance of the River St. Clair, it is 181 wutcis lir, it is about twenty-fire miles. In the upper portion of the lake are several large isliinds, the principal of •which are AValpole Island, which is inhabited by Indians "(for a description of which see " Walpole Island "), and St Anne's Island. AH the islands to the west of Walpole Island belong to the Americans. The north-eastern channel, separating the island from the main land, is callod " Chenail Ecartc ;"" and that dividing Walpole and St. Anne's Islands is called " Johnson's Channel." Besides the River St. Clair, Lake St. Clair receives the River Thames, Boar Creek. Little Bear Creek, and several smaller streams, which enter it on the west and south sides. Much of the land bordering on the lake Is low and marshy, and in places there are extensive plains, wliicli are useful for grazing cattle. A great rise took place in the lake in the year 1827, which did great damage to tlie land bordering on it, laying much of the low land under water, and des- troying many fine orchards. It has since been gradually subsiding, and the land is becoming dry again, but the damage to the fruit trees was irreparable. ST. JOHNS. A Village on the town-line between Thorold and Pelham (the principal ])art of the village being in Thorold), situated on the road from Hamilton to the Falls of Niagara. It contains about 400 inhabitants and a Methodist church. Post Office, post twice a week. Professions and Trades. — Four grist mills, one foundry, two cloth factories, one machine shop, one store, one tavern, one carriage factory, one waggon, maker, two blacksmiths, one tannery. ST. LAWRENCE. {The principal Biver in Omnda.') It receives the waters of the great lakes from Lake Ontario and conveys them to the Gulf of St Lawrence. It is nearly half a mile wide at its commencenunt, and ninety miles wide at its mouth. The name was originally given to the Gulf, and afterwards extended to the River, by Cartier, an early French navi- gator, in 1534, in honour of a saint in the Romish calendar. Soon after its commencement, it expands into the " Lake of the Thousand Isles;" a portion of the river, the scenery of which is most beautiful and romantic, being studded with islands, some of which are many acies in extent, and others only a few feet square, and most of which are covered with red cedar; some are only just above the surface of the water, and others are abrupt and craggy rocks, jutting up perpendicularly to the height of thirty or forty feet Sometimes you pass through a narrow channel, between rocks where, at a short distance, yo\i would imagine there was scarcely room for a boat to pass. In passing through the lake, durmg the last summer, in company with a German who had travelled over Germany, Switzerland, and France, he declared ' 'uit in point of natural beauty, the scenery of the Rhine w;is not to be compj.vC to it. He acknow- ledged that the addition of old castles and picturesque n; 'is, added channs to tiie scenery of the Rhine, that were wantlnji- in that of the St Lawrence: but that in true natural hcauti/, it was far from equal to the Lake of the Thousand isles. There are several rapids in the river, some of which it is difficult, and others impossible for sailing vessels or other craft to ascend; and steumboats and ves- sels, conveying goods between Kingston and Montreal, have been in the biiliit of descending the rapids, and returning by the Ottawa River, being towed by htcamboats tlirough the llidoau Canal. The princi])al of these rapids, are the Galopp :'S Rapids, Point Iroquois do., Rapide Plat do.. Farren's Point do., the Long Sault do., the Coteau do., the Cedars do., the Cascades do., and the lia- ehine do. The Galoppes Rapids are situated at about six miles below Prescott. The current in the river is very strong, varying from six to ten miles per hour. Tlie jSr^ eiats steam passage vessels can overcome these rapids, as those at I . II f i ■{*■ it Iff Hi 'i;!.;!' til ,1 .! ; i I )■ !'i * ■■■ I * ! *|' ' ;:! : .. (■ . 1- ; V 1 I 1 1'. i' ' ' 'I ii 1 ■1 . 1 ■ ■1 '|i ! ^ i i 182 Point Iroquois, Rapid Plat, and Farren's Point in the natural state of the river; but to enable trade vesseLs generally to ascend the Galoppes, improvements are in progress, which consist of one guard lock, one lock with a lift of between seven and eight feet, and a lateral cut or canal two miles in length. The Point Iroquois Rapids occur at about twelve miles below Prescott ; to enable vessels to ascend them, a canal has been constructed about three miles in length, with a lock having a lift of about six feet. This work is not quite finished, but will be completed during the present year. The Rapide Plat Rapids are about nine- teen miles below Prescott, and to overcome them, a canal has been made about four miles in length, with a guard lock, and a lift lock having about eleven and a half feet rise. The Farren's Point Hapids are about thirty -three miles below Prescott. The improvements here consist of a canal about one mile in length, with a lock having about four feet lift. The next rapids are those of the Long Sault ; these are serious, and may indeed be called insurmountable obstacles to ascending the river; they have been avoided by. the construction of the Cornwall Canal, which is about twelve miles in length, and commences at the village of Dickenson's Landing, eleven miles above the town of Cornwall. The next work connected with the St. Lawrence is the Beauharnois Canal, the object of which is to open a communication from Lake St. Francis to Lake St. Louis, avoiding all the rapids of the Coteau, the Cedars, and the Cascades, which occur in the portion of the St. Lawrence between those lakes. During the season of 1 844 it was stated, and generally believed, that a new channel had been discovered through the Cedars Rapids, with a considerable depth of water; and it was supposed, therefore, that no obstruction existed to the pas- sage of vessels, drawing from eight to nine ftet water, down all the rapids to Montreal. However, it appeared that this was a mistake; for a.i the proprietor of the steamboat St. George was endeavouring to take his boat (drawing six feet water) through the newly discovered channel, she struck so heavily in several parts of the Coteau and Cascades Rapids as to make it necessary to ruu her into the entrance of the Beauharnois Canal, to prevent her from sinking. The several works of the enlargement of the Lachine Canal are nearly com- pleted, and are expected to be sutBciently so to allow of the passage of first class vessels, which then will be enabled to run up from Montreal to Toronto and Hamilton; and, through the Welland Canal, to Lakes Erie, St. Clair and Huron. Below Montreal, the St. Lawrence is navigable for first class vessels from the ocean. There are many islands in the St. Lawrence, some of large size, and others mere i-ocks. Of these, the largest above Lake St. Francis, are Gore Island, opposite the townships of Leeds and Landsdowne; and Sheek's Island and Cornwall Island, opposite the townships of Cornwall and Osnabruck. Below Lake St. Francis, there are many islands, the principal of which is the Island of Montreal ; but as th«se are all in the Lower Province, to which the present work does not extend, it is necessary to omit a description of them. The base of the i&lands in the St. Lawrence is limestone* and they are mostly covered with cedars, and other trees of the pine tribe There have been expended on the improvements of the St. Lawrence up to the 1st of July, 1844, the latest date to which the returns have been published — Prescott to Dickenson's Landing £13,490 19 4 Cornwall, to the time of opening the canal in June, ld4ft... 57,110 4 2 Do. to repair breaks in the banks, since the above period 9,925 16 4 Beauharnois 162,281 19 5 Lachine 45,410 11 2 Expenditure on dredge, outfit, &c., applicable to the fore- going in common , 4,462 16 3 Lake St. Peter 32,893 19 3 Total £325,576 5 IL 183 4 2 4 5 2 3 3 11. The amount of lockage and canals on the St Lawrence, consists of — Mo. of Locki. Length of Cantl. MILES. The Galloppes 2 2 Point Iroquois 1 2f Rapide Plat 2 4 Farren'is Point 1 Of Cornwall Canal 7 lli Beauharnois Canal 9 ll|^ Total 22 32^ The banks of the St. Lawrence, above Montreal, are generally rather low, the greater portion of them have been long settled, and bear the aspect of a country which has been long reclaimed from its primeval wildness. From its commencement, till it reaches the St. Regis settlement, the St Lawrence separates Upper Canada from the United States j afterwards it divides Upper from Lower Canada; and it forms the southern boumdary of the Johns- tovm and the Eastern districts. The i)rincipal towns and villages on the St. Lawrence, are Brockville, the district town of the Johnstown District; Cornwall, the district town of the Eastern District; Prescott, in the township of Augusta; Gananoque, in Leeds; and Milleroches, in Cornwall. ST. JOSEPH ISLE. An Island in the north-west of Lake Huron^ ST. MARY'S. A Village in the township of Blanshard, situated at the falls of the north branch of the River Thames, twelve miles from Stratford, and twenty-five miles north-west from Ingersol. It was laid out in 1844, and contains about 120 in- habitants. There is an excellent limestone quarry close to the village. Professionfi and Trades. — One grist mill, one saw do., one physician and sur- geon, two asheries, three stores, one tavern, one shoemaker, one tailor, one cooper, one blacksmith. STRANGE'S MILL.— (See Eramosa.) STRATFORD. A Village on the Huron Road, at the corners of the townships of EUice, North and South Easthope, and Downie. It is forty-five miles from Gode- rich. The River Avon, a branch of the Thames, run& through the village. Stratford contains about 200 inhabitants. Post Office, post three times a-week. Professions and Trades. — Two physicians and surgeons, one grist and saw mill, one tannery, three stores, one brewery, one distillery, one ashery, two taverns, two blacksmiths, one saddler, two wheelwrights, three shoemakers, two tailors. ST. THOMAS. A large Village in the township of Yamtouth, beautifully situated on Kettle Creek, seventeen miles from London, and nine miles from Port Stanley. It is surrounded by a succession of hill and dale, and in the midst of a fine, well cultivated country. It was laid out about thirty years since, and now contains between 7 and 800 inhabitants. It is a place of considerable business. The plank road from London to Port Stanley runs through the village, north and south, and the Talbot Road, east and west Stages from London to Pbrt Stuule/ pass through the village daily. A weekly newspaper is published here, ' ( 184 w i-i ■!■ (■ the "St. Thomas Standard." Churches and chapels, six; viz., Episcopal, Prea* byterian, Catholic, two Methodist, and a Baptist. Post Office, post three times a week. Professions and Trades. — Four physicians and surgeons, three lawyers, one frist and saw mill, carding machine and cloth factory, two foundries, two reweries, two distilleries, ten stores, six groceries, four taverns, one temperance house, two druggists, one printer, four saddlers, one baker, two butchers, one watchmaker, four coopers, eight blacksmiths, three Maggon makers, five tailors, four shoemakers, one painter and glazier, one tinsmith, one surveyor. Two bank agencies — " Montreal," and " Gore." Frincipal Tavern. — " Ivor's," ST. VINCENT. A Township in the Simcoe District ; is bounded on the north by the Notta- vasaga Bay; on the west by the township of Sydenham; on the south by Eu- phrasia; and on the east by Nottawasaga Bay and the township of Collingwood. In St. Vincent 17,028 acres are taken up, 1592 of which are under cultivation. This township is beginning to settle up fast : it contains good land, and some thriving farms. The principal settlements are a short distance from the bay. There is an Indian village on the bay, near the town line between St. Vincent and Sydenham, the inhabitants of which possess a fine tract of land in the neigh- bourhood. St. Vincent was added to the Simcoe District in 1844, previous to ■which time, it formed a portion of the Home District. One thousand five hun- dred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8s. currency per acre. There are two grist and two saw mills in the township. There has as yet been no return of the population from St. Vincent Ratable property in the township, £6758. ST. WILLIAMS, OR PORT METCALFE. A Village in the township of Charlotteville, situated on Lake Erie, six miles west from Normandale. It contains about 100 inhabitants and a Methodist church, one store, one tavern, one waggon maker, one blacksmith, one tailor, one shoemaker. STURGEON CREEK. A small Stream in the township of Mersea, which runs into Lake Erie; on which is a grist mill. STURGEON LAKE.— (S-ee Rice Lake.) SULLIVAN. A Township in the Wellington District ; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of Holland ; on the north by Derby; on the west by unsurveyed lands; and on the south by Bentinck. This township has only lately been surveyed and laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. F'.uy-two thousand two hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in it, at 8s. currency per acre. SUNNIDALE. A Township in the Simcoe District; is bounded on the north by the Notta- wasaga Bay; on the west by the township of Nottawasaga; on the south by Tossorontio and Essa; and on the east by Flos and Vespra. In Sunnidale 3144 acres are taken up, 378 of which are under cultivation. The Nottawasaga River enters the township at the south-east corner — runs nearly north for rather more than three miles, when it curves to the east, and leaves the township: after passing through the townships of Vespra and Flos, it re-enters Sunnidale, about three miles from the bay, runs west to within a mile of the town line i i* 185 Wween Snnnidale and Nottawasaga; then makes a bend and runs north-east, parallel with the bay, just within the township of Flos. Much of the land in the township is hilly and broken. Eighteen thousand four hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Sunnidale, at 8*. currency per acre. There is one saw mill in the township. Sunnidale is as yet but little settled, and in 1842, it only contained 174 in- habitants. Ratable property in the township, £1461. SUTHERLAND'S. A Village in the township of Moore, pleasantly situated on the River St. Clair, opposite the American town " St. Clair," or " Palmer." It was laid out in 1833, by Mr. Sutherland, a gentleman from Edinburgh, who has done a great deal to improve the neighbourhood — luiving cleared a large quantity of land — built a handsome Episcopal church, &c. Here are several wharves for sui)plying steamboats with wood. Sutherlands is ten miles from Port Sarnia, and contains a comfortable tavern. Post OfBce, post three times a-week. Population, about 100. Professums a?id Trades. — One physician and surgeon, three stores, one tavern, two blacksmiths, one tailor, one shoemaker, one school. SYDENHAM. A Village in the township of Toronto, I4i miles from Toronto, situated on Dundas Street. It contains about 140 inhabitants. There is a stone chapel, a short distance from the village, free for all denominations. Professions and Trades. — Steam grist mill and distillery, brev-ery, one store, one tavern, one tannery, two blacksmiths, two waggon makers, one carpenter, one butcher, one shoemaker. SYDENHAM. A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the north by Owen Sound; on the west by the township of Derby; on the south by Holland; and on the east by St. Vincent. This township has only lately been opened for sale, and no return has yet been made from it. The land is of good quality. A village, called " Sydenham," is commenced on an excellent mill stream, almnt a mile back from the lake. At present it contains a grist and saw mill, store, and about 1.50 inhabitants. In Sydenham 81,180 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. TALBOT DISTRICT. Consists of the county of Norfolk, which comprises the townships of Char- lotteville, Houghton, Middleton, Townsend, Woodhouse, "NVindliam, and Walsingham, and for all purposes, except that of representation in the Legisla- tive Assembly, and that of registration of titles, the townships of Rainhani and Walpole. The Talbot District is bounded on the north-east by the Niagara District and the Gore district ; on the north by the Brock District; on the west by the London District; and on the south by Lake Erie. The district is watered by Big Creek, and a small portion of Otter Creek, besides numerous smaller streams, many of which are excellent mill-streams. The land varies in quality ; that in the townships of Walsingham. Houghton and Middleton is principally timbered with pine, that in the other townships is hardwood and pine intermixed. Long Point, which is now an island, is included in the district. Much of the land in the district is rolling, and Simcoe, the district town, is very handsomely situated. The Talbot District is settled principally by Canadians, with a few Scotch, f I I Hi Mf i I 186 ■':>»■ h2 h 1 w ■' Irish and English. It improves but very slowly, and between January, 1842, and January 1844, only 2,800 acres of land were brought into cultivation. Besides Simcqe, the district town, there are in the district, the villages of Port Dover and Port Ryerse in Woodhouse, Normandale, (where is a blast furnace for smelting the iron (bog) ore found in the neighbourhood) Vittoria and St. Williams in Charlotteville, Waterford in Townsend, Port Rowan and Port Royal in Walsingham, and Fredericksburgh m Middleton. There are no Grown lands for sale in the Talbot District. Population in 1841, 9,626, since when it has probably increased one-sixth. The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district : Date. No. of ' MILLS. Acres ' Milch Cows. Oxen, 4 years old.niid upwards. Horned Cattle, Amount of from 2 to 4 lint able Cultivated. " ^ ,\ \ Grist. ! Saw. yean old. Property. 1842 1843 1844 1 54,049 10 54,895 10 56,899 10 1 48 3,846 53 4,119 50 4,186 1,336 1,503 1,643 3,846 2,002 1,649 £166,003 169,124 185,633 Government and District Officers in the Talbot District : Judge of District Court William Salmon ^ Simcoe.. Sheriff II. V. A. Rapelje Do. Clerk of Peice W.M.Wilson Do. Treasurer H. Webster Do. Inspector of Licenses E. P. Ryerse Do. District Clerk J. H.Davis Do. Clerk of District Court W. M. Wilson Do. Superintendent of Schools Rev. W.Clarke Do. Crown Lands Agent D. CanipbelJ Do. Waiden J.W.Powell Do. Number of Common Schools in operation in the District. — Townsend, 19 ; Woodhouse,^ 12 ; Charlotteville, 10 ; Walsingham, 8 ; Houghton, 6 ; Middle- ton, 7 ; Windham, 9 ; Walpole, 6 ; Rainham, 4. Total, 81. TALFOURD'S.— (6\f Fkocmefield.) TALBOT MILLS.— (5eflSELB0RNE.) TAY. A Township in the Simcoe District ; is bounded on the north by Gloucester Bay ; on the west by the lown'^lii]) of Tiny ; on the south by Medonte j and on tlie east by Matehiirlash. In Tay 3159 acres are taken up, 489 of which are under cultivation, (lloneester Hay makes several irregular projections into thi« township, and Penetangiiishine Hay completvly divides it into two portions. This township is as yet but little settled, most of the inhabitants, with tht exception of those behMiglng to the government establishment on the bay, being half Indian. There are 3.400 acres of Crown lands for disposal in tlie township of Tay, at 8«. e'y per acre. Population in 1842, 20--'. StiUable property iathe (nwn&liip £1,643. l^ ii 187 TECUMSETH. A Township in the Simcoe District ; is bounded on the north by the town« ship of Essa ; on the west by Adjala; on the south by Albion and King ; and on the east by Gwillimbury West. In Tecumseth 40,768 acres i;re taken up, 11,576 of which are under cultivation. The township is well watered by numerous small streams which unite in the north of the township, forming the Nottawasaga River. A large swamp is situated on the tt>wu-line between Tecumseth and West Gwillimbury. which borders the Nottawasaga River, and is joined in the north of the township by another swamp, which extends into Adjala. Tecumseth is well settled, and contains many fine farms ; the land is generally rolling, and the timber of good quality. There are in the township one grist and six saw mills. In Tecumseth 8,000 acres of Crown lauds are open foi" sale, at 8.s. c'y per acre. Population in 1842, 2,491, who are principally Scotch, Irish, and Americans. Ratable property in the township, i;27,790. TEMPER ANCEVILLE. A Settlement in the township of Malahide, on Talbot Street, about ten miles east from St. Thomas, situated on Catfish Creek, or River Burbu. It contains about 100 inhabitants, one store, two taverns, one waggon maker, one tailor, one blacksmith. THAMES, RIVER. One of the principal rivers in Canada West, formerly called La Tranche. The north, or principal branch, takes its rise in the great swamp, north of the Huron Diistrict; passes through McKillop and Logan, into the north corner of Fullarton, where it is joined by a branch from Hibbert. Lower down in the township it is joined by a small branch; it then passes out of the south conior ol" Fullarton, cuts across the east corner of Blansliurd into Nissouri, where it is joined by a branch, called the " Avon," which runs through Easttiope and Zorra. It then flows into the township' of London, where it is joined by a branch from Lsbom and Hidduiph. At the town of London it is joined by tl\a east branch, which takes its rise in Eastliope fomis the dividing line between Blandford and Zorra, separates West from Nortii Oxford, North from South Dorchester, and then flows along the south border of the township of lioravians nave £150 per annum, in exchange for land ceded to Sir F. B. Head; the Munsees have no annuity. — These three tribes partake of the presents. The Oneidas neither possess an annuity, nor are entitled to presents ; but they brought with them into Canada a considerable sum of money, received from the American government in pur- chase of tiieir lauds and improvements, which they lodged in the hands of the chief superintendent. The Moravian Delawares are collected in a village, which contains one frame and thirty-four log-houses, with ten bams. They have 292 acres under culti- vation. Their stock consists of 14 oxen, 40 cows and 47 heifers, CO horses, 3Ct sheep, and 200 swine: they possess 8 waggons, 16 ploughs, 5 harrows, 3 fan- ning mills. &c. The Chippewas and Munsees live on small farms, scattered over their tract. Some of tlie Chippewa.s are settled on surveyed lots of 20 acres each. This tribe occupies 7t) log houses and six wigwams, with 25 barns attached. They have 450 acres under cultivation. Their stock consists of 30 oxen, 27 cows, 44 heifers, 82 horses and colts, and 400 swine. Their agricultural implements include 4 waggons and carts, a fanning-mill, 9 ploughs. 9 harrows, &c. They have a uiacksniith's forge, and two and a half sets of carpenter's tools. The Munsees occupy one frame and 50 log houses, to which are attached 10 bams. They have 269 acres under cultivation. They possess 14 oxen, 50 cows, 30 heifers, 55 horses and colts, and 2.")0 swine. Their implements include 5 waggons, 1 1 ploughs, 7 burrows, a fanning-mill, &c. The One Idas, who are more recently settled, but who brought with them the means of purchasing from old settlers, occupy 6 frame and 48 log houses, with 4 wigwams; they have also 5 frame and 15 log bams. They cultivate 335 acres of land. Their stock consists of 64 oxen, 61 cows, 27 heifers, 17 horses, and 162 swi'ie. They possess 14 waggons and carts, 13 plou^^hs, 16 harrows, three fanriing-mills, two sets of carpenter's tools, &c. Those laniilics who live in wigwams do so from necessity, and not from choice. .\. number of the Chippewas are settled on surveyed lots, as already stated; but in giti'.'ial each Indian selects the spot which he wishes to cultivate, and the chiefs do not intcricrv'. The extent of land ciiliivuied by each family varies from one to fiftiLii ucivs. Wlieu a family has no land under cultivation, they depend ujjon the hoiinly of their neighbours, who are always ready to share with those in want. Tiiey also hunt; and make bowls, brooms and baskets, which they sell to the whites. Tiiere is very little decreasi- in the partiality of these Iniiiaus I'or iiuutiiig and fishing. Thfy usually leave their homes towards tiie end ol OetoocT, and remain away until the heginning ot'.lanuary: they also Bpend alidut a month during each spring in the chase. Tliey resort to the un- sealed lauds in the Loudon and Western i)istriets; and it is proliahle that as soon as tlu'se lands are occupied, they will be compelled to abandon the chase. The effect of the gradual settkinent of the euuntry has been to assimilate their haMt:- to tlio'c of tlie whlte.x. and to attach them to their houies; they now limit at;d fish as near home as possible. With ivgard to their relijiiois and moral condition, a very dcci'led improve- mi-nt has tak n i)'ace within (piite a recent period. The Delawares have been converted from Paganism since the year 1783; they are all Christians, and belong to the Church of the United Brethren, who maintain a missionary among them. The converted Chippewas and Munsees belong to the Chnreh of Eiigkind, and tlie Wesleyan Methodist Church; hut some of them remain luathens. Tlie Pottawatamies and Oneidas are for the most part heathens. .\ clergyman who has ministered auumg these Indians during the last seven year> was ai)pointed nll.^sionaly iu 1840, ut a salary of £h)U, borne upcm the parliaiiKatui) ^rant. The M.iraviaus have u place of worship at their own aellleuieut; the Episco- ,! , |! r r 1 ' li I t if i ii^j *. 1. El|i:iii 1 1, i- 190 palians and Methodists have each a chapel in the Chippewa and Munsee settle- ment, and there is a Methodist chapel in the Oneida settlement. There is a school in the Moravian settlement; two among the Chippewas and Munsees, and one among the Oneidas. The former is attended by forty-one scholars, of whom twenty-three are boys from five to fifteen years of age, and eighteen girls, from six to fourteen. The schoolmaster is maintained by the Moravian Missionary Society. The school at Lower Munsee is under the control of the Missionary Society of the Church of England, and the scholars belong to the Chippewa and Munsee tribes. The schoolmaster receives an annual salary of £50 from the annuity of the tribe. The school is attended by twenty-one boys from six to fifteen years of age, and by four girls from six to ten ; besides a number of young men and women who attend occasionally. The second school for the same two tribes is under the control of theWesleyan Methodist Missionary Society in Canada. It is attended by seventeen boys and eighteen girls, between six and fourteen years of age, and by three young men. The school in the Oneida settlement is also under the control of the Wesleyan Methodist Society; the teacher is an Indian of the Oneida tribe. It is attended by sixteen boys from six to sixteen years of age, and by seventeen girls from five to fifteen. These tribes are on the increase since their conversion to Christianity. Their health is generally good, although many are stated to die from want of proper nourishment and medical treatment: diseases are on the decrease among them. The average number of children born to a couple is eight; of whom about thre« are reared. A small number only are half-breeds. These Indians are under the general charge of a superintendent of the Indian department, who resides at Delaware. THAMESVILLE. A small Settlement in the township of Camden West, situated on the River Thames, fifteen miles east from Chatham. The western road passes through it. It contains about fifty inhabitants, a grist and saw mill, and tavern. Post Office, post every day. THORAH. A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the north by the Talbot River; on the west by Lake Simcoe; on the south by the township of Brock; and on the east by Eldon. In Thorah 15,970 acres are taken up, 2501 of which are under cultivation. This township contains excellent land, the timber on ■which is mostly hardwood. There is a small village (m the lake shore, called ** Beaverton," where is a post office. The steamboat Beaver stops here, but cannot approach the shore, on account of the shelving nature of the bank; there not being a sufficient depth of water close in shore. There are some go«)d, and prettily situated clearings on the banks of the lake. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 670. Ratable property in the township, £9470. ^ THORNIIILL. A Settlement on Yonge Street, eleven miles from Toronto. A branch of tlw River Don passes through it, on which is a grist and saw mill, and tannery. There are also in the settlement, three stores, a manufactory for making thresh- ing machines and other machinery, on« bluckbmitb, one waggon maker, tw» alioemakers, one tailor. jftlw tw» 191 THOROLD. A Township in the Niagara District; is bounded on the east by the township •of Stamford; on the north by Grantham and a small portion of Louth; on the •west by Pelham; and on the south by Crowland. In Thorold 23,389 acres are taken up, 11,678 of which are under cultivation. The Welland River divides the township from Crowland. This is one of the best settled townships in the Niagara District, containing a great number of excellent, well cleared farms. Most of the land is rolling. The Welland Canal is carried through the town- ship, and has added greatly to its prosperity. The villages of 'I'horold, Port Robinson, Allanburg, and St. Johns are situated in the township; and there aie eight grist and five saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 2284; who are a mixture of Canadians, Americans, Irish, Scotch, English, and Welsh. Ratable property in the township, £49,699. THOROLD. A Village in the township of Thorold, situated on the summit of the moun- tain, four miles from St. Catharines. It was commenced in the year 1826, and now contains about 1000 inhabitants. The Wolland Canal runs close past the village. There are three churches and chapels in Thorold, viz.. Episcopal, Catholic, and Methodist. Post Office, post three times a-week. Professions and Trades. — Two physicians and surgeons, two grist mills, (one do. in progress), one cement mill, one brewery, nine stores, seven taverns, one tannery, one saddler, one chemist and druggist, three waggon makers, three blacksmiths, two painters, two cabinet makers, two tinsmiths, eight shoemakers, one baker, hatter, two barbers, three tailors, one ladies' school. THURLOW. A Township in the Victoria District; is bounded on the east by the township of Tyendenaga; on the north by Huntingdon; on the west by Sidney; and on tlie south by the Bay of Quintc. * In Thuvlow 46,984 acres are taken up, 18,2.54 of which are under cultivation. Tbe River Moira enters the township at its north-east corner, passes through the township to its south-west corner, where it enters the Bay of Quinte. This township is well settled, principally by U. E. Loyalists and their descendants, who have very good farms. The town of Belleville is situated in the south-west corner of the township, on the Bay of Quinte. There are eight grist and fifteen saw mills in Thurlow. Population in 1842 (exclusive of Belleville), 2,649. Ratable property in the township, (including Belleville), £79,066. TILBURY EAST. A Township in the Western District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Raleigh.; on the north by the River Thames; on the west by Til- bury West ; and on the south by Romney — the south-east comer of the town- ship having a frontage on Lake Erie. In East Tilbury 16.999 acres are taken np, 1,31.5 of which are under cultivation. A low, wet prairie or marsh, about three miles in breadth, which is used extensively for grazing, borders on the Thames. Two or three branches of the Thames run through the township There is a Catholic church in the township, situated on the Thames, about eleven miles below Chatham. Three thousand nine hundred acres of Crown kinds are open for sale in the township, at $.v. currency per acre; and about 5000 acres are possessed by the Canada Company. Population in 1844, 540; nearly half of whom arc French Canadians. Ratable property in the township, 6,550. i ti IV [\[ } 'W4 ''lU i'-y ii * '' ! 1 192 TILBURY WEST. A Township in the County of Kent ; is bounded on the east by the townships of Tilbury East and Romney; on the north by Lake St. Clair; on the west by Rochester; and on the south by Mersea. In Tilbury West 10,607 acres are taken up, 707 of which are under cultivation. A wet prairie or marsh, from three to four miles in width, borders on the lake, and extends along the whole breadth of the township: tliis is useful for grazing cattle, but is not fit for culti- vation. The remainder of the land is rich and fertile; and the timber is alto- gether hardwood. Three thousand seven hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in Tilbury West, at 8s. currency per acre; and the Canada Com- pany possess about 4000 acres in the township. Population in 1844, 437; nearly two-thirds of whom are French Canadians. Ratable property in the township, £4,339. TILSONBURG. A small village in the south-east corner of the township of Dereham, situated on <)tter Creek, fifteen miles from Ingersol. It contains about one hundred inhabitants, who have a Canadian Wesleyan Church. Post Office, post three times a week. Professions and Trades. — Grist and saw mill, carding machine and fulling mill, axe factory, one store, oue tavern, two tanneries, three blacksmiths, one tailor, one shoemaker. TINY. A Township in the Simcoe District ; is bounded on the north and west by the Georgian Bay and Nottawasaga Bay ; on the South by the township of Flos ; and on the east by Tay. In Tiny 8,243 acres are taken up, 892 of which are under cultivation. 'I'his is a long irregularly shaped township. A bay, called Thunder Bay, |)rojects for about two and a half miles into the north of the township ; and Penetanguishine Bay enters it from the township of Tay, cutting across the town-line, thus dividing the township into two portions. A small lake, containing about 800 acres, is situated near the south line of the township; and there are three smaller lakes in the north of the township. With the exception of the settlers in the village of Penetanpnishine, the inhabitants are principally half French half Indian. In Tiny there are 21,200 acres of Crown lauds for disposal, at Sv. c'y per acre. Population in 1842, 230. Ratable property in the township, £4,610. TORBOLTON. A Township in the Bathurst District; is bounded on the north and north-east by tiie Ottawa River; on the south-east by the township of Man-.h ; and on the south-west by Fitzroy. In Torbolt(m 7,920 acres are taken up, 1,097 of which are under cultivation. But little is done in this township in the way of agricul- tural operations, the inhabitants being principally engaged in lumbering. Four thousand six hundred and thirty-three acres of Crown lauds arc open for sale in Torbolton, at 8*'. c'y per acre. Population in 1842, 389. Ratable property in the township, £3,716. TORONTO. A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the east by the township of Etoblcoke and a small portion of the Gore of Toronto; on the north-west by Cliinguacousy; on the south-west by Trafalgar; and on the south-east by Lake Ontario. In Toronto 59,267 acres are taken up, 28,4(j8 of which are under cul- tivation. This IS one of the best settled townships in the Home District: it I, ! i I Ult .f ( I ■Ijli II II1'^ I n II .i ill I'n' ; i^ : i : if. 1 ■' ■ il ■; i 4 ll \) 193 o H C cc o H BC u n o o « o H (A voTita-ns a large portion of very excellent land, and a number of well cultivated t'linns. For from two to three miles from the lake the land is light and sandy, arid the timber principally pine; afterwards, it becomes rolling, and the timber thij best kinds of hardwood, 'ihe Rivers Credit and Etobicoke both run through the township. Tlie village of ('ooksville is situated in the township on the T>undas Street: and the villages of Springfield, Streetsville, Churchville, and Port (,'redit, on the lliver Credit — the first is situated on Dundas Street, and t!ie last at the mouth of the River Credit. There are four grist and twenty-one of York, on a l)ay of Lake Ontario. The neighbourhood first com- fn'.'nced settling about fifty years ago; but for some years it advanced very sloniy. In 17!>9 the w'lole district. Mliich then included a large [)ortion of the snrronndinfif country, wiiich has since been formed into separate districts, ccm- tained only 224 iuliabitants. In 1817 Toronto (then Little Y'ork) contained a population amounting to 1200; in 1820 it had increased to 1,677; and in 18.']0, to 2.>-r,(). Since then its progress has been rapid; and in 1842 it contained 15,3 i'i inhaliilants; and in 1845. 19,706. I'oronto became the capital of the Upper Province in the year 1797; and remained so till after tiie union of the L'ppor and Lower Provinces, when the seat of government was removed to Kingst('n in 1841 by Lord Svdenhani. Had tliis event taken place ten years sooner, it might have had a serious effect upon the prosperity of the town; but in 1841 Toronto had become a place of too great commercial importance to feel much ill efiect from the removal oi' the government offices, and the loss of the expenditure of a few thousand pounds per annum. The situation of that portion of the town bordering on the |bay is rather low, particularly in the east of the city, toM'ards the River Don; in the west the banks are higher, and the land generally slopes gradually up from the water's eilge; so that the farther back from the bay, the higher, drier, and more healthy does the situation become. Toronto was incorporated in the year 1834. By the act of incorporation the city was divided into five wards, called St. George's, St. Patrick's, St. Andrew's, St. David's, and St Lawrence's — each ward to have the power to elect two aldermen and two common councilmen, who are to choose the mayor from amongst the aldermen. The corporation to have the power to uiuke by-laws for the regulation of the internal police of the city, &c. The improvements made in the City of Toronto within the last two years bave been astonishing; many new buildings (and those the handsomest in the city) have been erected} and the side-waSus, several of which >rere in a veiy I i 194 'I'll »M ii. ;-vt,! •f| ( ' 1 lll. 1 j| w '■i ■ * , \f\ -y. ■ '-' '' ■- ; .,i; ;:'i. dilapidated state, and some almost impassable, have been relaid and much im- proved. Toronto now contains ninety-one streets, some of which are of great; length; the planked portion of King Street being about two miles long. 'J'he extreme length of the city, from the Don Bridge to the western limits of the city, is upwards of three miles. Property which was purchased a few years since for a mere trifle, has increased wonderfully in value; and many houses in King Street pay a ground rent of ,£100. Rents are generally as high as in the best business situations in London, England ; and some houses in good situations for business let at from £200 to £250 per annum. Among the public buildings those particularly deserving of notice are the new front to Osgoode Hall, the banks, and St. George's Church. The Lunatic Asylum and the Catholic Cathedral, now erecting, will be extensive and handsome buildings. Besides these, many of the private buildings have added greatly to the embellishment of the city and its environs. The new store* at present erecting in King Street, from the design of Mr. Thomas the arclii- tect, will be when finished the handsomest buildings of the kind in Canada, and equal to anything to be seen in England. The public buildings in Toronto comprise the Jail, a large stone building, situated in the east end of the town ; the Court-house, which is of brick, and contains the district offices; the old Market-house, over which are the Newsroom and Athenajum (or Public Library); the new City Hall, where are kept the oltices of the corporation officers, and the police office ; the Upper Canadd Fellows' iral Society, iciety, Jjible 'rforniers in ety, a Turf ipanies with and a Pio- •gs Bank, a Company. — the several ry, and the ■■^' 'iUfA\ 0^' w, IJerald, or. Banner il^ ;. v! ,^' -''.', 1 'i .1 'I; If . f t'i ' il ; i ! : If. (■. F ■I t i I J r 195 ftnd Globe. The following monthly periodicals are also published here — ^the Upper Canada Jurist, British American Cultivator, and IStmduy-school Guardian. There arc fifteen common scliools in operation in the city. The following Government and District Oltices are kept in Toronto: — Judge of District Court, Sheriff", Clerk of Peace, Treasurer, Registrar, Inspector of Licenses, Crown Lands Agent, Judge of Surrogate Court, Registrar of ditto, District Clerk, Clerk of District Court, Deputy (.'lerk of Crown, Superintendent of Schools, Probate Ollic , t.'k'rgy Reserves' Office, Commissariat Office, Ord- nance Office, Royal Engineers' Office, Marriage License Office, Indian Office, Emigrant Agent, and Board of Works. Professions and Trades- Twenty pliysirians and surgeons, sixty-five lawyers, eighteen wholesale merchants, tiiirty-four dry goods and general stores, eleven hardware stores, eiglity-fhree grocery and provision stores, two china and glass stores, one stove manufiuuiry, six booksellers iind stationers, two aputiieearies, one manufacturiug chemist, one steam grist mill, nine chemists and druggists, eleven distilleries, four foundries, tl.irteen breweries, three taiiiu'ries, one starch nnaker, four architects, two surveyors, five artists and portrait painters, one wood engmver, three engravers, two drawing masters, four music masters, one dancing master, thirteen printers, three accountants, six land agents, two den- tists, one imndred and seven hotels, inns and taverns, eleven boarding houses, one optician, one cloth manufacturer, nine watchmakers, nine gardeners and florists, one wine merchant, one music store, two oil-cloth manufiu'tuvers, one silversmith, three jewellers, two coach makers, one finding store, sir: leen auc- tioneers, one nail maker, seven axe makers, one patentleatlierdresser, six curriers, two furriers, eight soap and candle makers, one brass founder, two iron turners, one ivory turner, one paper tnaker, one fanning-mill maker, one boat builder, hot and cold baths, one bellows maker, one dyer, two dairies, three French polishers, thirteen wheelwrights and waggon makers, seven bookbinders, one brush maker, two broom makers, nineteen saddlers, sixteen builders, two rope makers, four gun makers, one camphine oil maker, two veterinary surgeons, five plumbers, two sail makers, one millwright, one scale maker, ten confec- tioners, five turners, four picture-frame makers and gilders, one pump maker, seven maltsters, three tobacconists, five upholsterers, four livery stables, nine shoe stores, nine hatters, forty-nine siioemakers, twenty-five cabinet makers, two cutlers, one sculptor, one chair maker, nineteen bakers, two greengrocers, twenty-three tin and copper smiths, six coopers, two marble workers, thirty- seven blacksmiths, twenty-seven butchers, forty-seven clothiers and tailors, one farrier, one fancy silk worker, three sausage makers, one blacking maker, one basket maker, twenty-seven painters, two locksmiths, twenty-three milliners and dressmakers, four ladies' schools, one custom-house broker. Banks — the head quarters of the Upper Canada Bank and Home District Savings Bank, and branches of the Banks of British North America. Montreal, City Bank of Mon- treal, Commercial and Gore: and the following companies have offices here — Home District Mutual Fire Insurance Company, British America Fire and Life Assurance Company, Phojnix Fire Insurance Company (England), Alliance Fire Insurance Company (do.), Britannia Fire Insurance Company (do.). Eagle Life Insurance Company (do.), Montreal Fire and Inland Marine Insurance Company, Marine Insurance Company, Canada Company, Gas and Water- Company. Principal Taverns — " Macdonald's Hotel," " North American Hotel," and " Wellington Hotel," — besides which there are many excellent inns and taverns, some of which, in point of acconmiodatiou and comfort are nearly, if not quite equal to the above. Principal Hoarding Houses — Club House, corner of King and York Streets; Mrs, Henderson, Queen Street; Mrs. Cullen, 40 King Street East; Mrs. Hut- chinson, Adelaide Street; W. Hall, 5 King StrcetEast; — . O'Brien, comer of Wellington and Bay Streets; John Chapman, Bishop's Buildings, Adelaide iitreet. f2 M '^"Vl lli' ■ ] ,1 if ;J I lii ' 1.1 ! i': ^'fM * j!i 196 Land Agents — A. B. Townley, 7 King Street East; H, E. Nicolls, 59 Kinjr Street East; F. Lewis, 36 King Street West; W. Osborne, corner of King and Jordan Streets; and T. Radenhurst, Front Street. The following Steamboats are owned at Toronto : Name. Tonnage. Admiral 288 Princess Royal 347 Sovereign 314 Eclipse 198 Citjr of Toronto 349 Chief Justice Robinson 315 Cobourg 317 Traveller 300 Transit 225 America 221 Despatch 186 Queen Victoria 149 Total Tonnage 3209 Besides several schooners, the number and tonnage of which could not lie ascertained. t The following are the Rates of Toll at Toronto Harbour : DMcriptlou of Property. Merchandise, per ton, weight or measurement, per bill cf lading Flour, per barrel Oysters in shell, per do Cider, per do Apples and other Fresh Fruit, per do Lime and Gypsum, per do Potatoes and other Vegetables, per do Pork, per do Aalies, per do Salt, per do Whiskey, per do Sheep and Pigs, each Horses and Horned Cattle, each Wood, per cord Stone, per toise Lumber, per 1000 feet board measure Amount of Harbour Dues collected at the Port of Toronto, during tht years 1843 and 1844. Rate. s. d. 1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2 (» r> 4 10 1 Date. 1843., 1844. Total Atnoiint Cdllertca. £. s. d. 571 15 712 3 8 Kspensp of Collwtion. £. «. d. 94 13 5 121 10 11 Net KvveniM. £. s. d. 477 1 7 .590 12 9 2 2 2 2 <'i ;\ 2 f. 4 Ht ivvpniMi. 1 7 12 9 197 Exports from the Port of Toronto/or the year 1845. Flour 153,226 barrels. "Wheat 53,787 bushels. Ashes 363 barrels. Peas 528 bushels. Pork 2057 barrels. Beef. 300 barrels. Do 120 tierces. Hams 45,500 pounds. Timothy Seed 861 barrels. Butter 555 kegs. Lard 2 tierces. Do 95 kegs. Wool 2 tons. Sheep Pelts 3380 Maple Sugar 29 barrels. Calfskins 12,600 pounds. Sole Leather 9,540 do. Salted Hides 42 hhds. Furs and Peltries £2500 value. Shingles 150 bundles. Starch 350 boxes. Lumber 1,550,000 feet. Estimated Value of Exports £187,700 TOSSOUONTIO. A Township in the Simcoe District; is bounded on the north by the township of Sunnidale; on the west by Mulmur; on the south by Adjula; and on the east by Kssa. In Tossorontio .'J781 acres are taken up, 503 of which are under cul- tivation. In the south of the township, with the exception of a small cedar swamp, the land is good; farther north it becomes hilly and broken, and con- tinues l)ad for four or live miles, the timber being principally pine and hemlock; towards the north of the township it improves. The township is well watered. In Tossorontio 8600 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre. There has as yet been no return of the population in this township. Ratable jiroperty in the township, £1667. TOWNSKXD. A Township in the Talbot District; is bounded on the east by the township of Wulpole: on the north by Oakland and a small portion of IJrantl'ord; on the W.St by Winlliam; and on the so\ith hv Woodlumse. In i'ownsend 47,871 acfi'S are tiikuu up, l('i.62.'J of which are under cultivation. This is a well set- tled rownsliip, contaiaiug excellcut land, and many well clenicd farms. Thcr* is udlartre river in the townshij), hut it is wiitfivd by some good mill streams, on ■wiiicli are one L'rist and eleven siiw mills. The village of Waterford is situated ;i little west of the CL-ntre of the township. PoiiUlation in 184'J, 2:)17. Uitahle property in the township, t'46.210. TRAFALdAU. A Township in the Gore District; is hounded on the north-cast by the town- shij) of Toronto; on the north-west by Esipiesing; on the -^oiitli-west by Nilson; iin 1 on the soul!i-east by L;\ke Ontario. In Trafalgar, 70,11.") acres are taken up. 2S,180 of which are imder cultivation. The township is watered by the Tw"lve-mile Creek and the Sixteen-mile Creek. Trafalgar is a well settled township, containing numerous well cleared und cultivated farms, most of 11 '1 f n 198 which have good orchards. The land in general, with the exception of that bordering on the lake, which is light and sandy, is of excellent quality. Timber — principally hardwood, with a little pine intermixed. The villages of Oakville, Bronte, and Palermo are in the township; the two former situated on the lake shore road, and the latter on Dundas Street. There are seven griat and twenty-three saw mills in the township. Population, . Ratable proporty in the township, £109,789. TRENT, OR TRENT-PORT. A Village in the south-east corner of the township of Murray, twelve mile* west from Belleville, situated at the entrance of the River Trent into the Bay of Quint6. It is principally supported by the lumber trade; immense quantities of timber being brought down the river. An excellent bridge has been con- structed across the River Trent at this place. The Toronto and Kingston stages puss through the village; and, during the season, a steamboat leaves daily for Kingston, calling at Picton, Belleville, Bath, Amherst Island, and other landing places on its route. There are two churches in the village. Epis- copal and Catholic. Population, about 350. Post Office, post every day. Professions nnd Trades. — One physician and surgeon, two lawyers, eight stores, three taverns, one distillery, three asheries, two waggon makers, three blacksmiths, one tinsmith, two tailors, three shoemakers. There is a grist and saw mill about one mile from the village. TROUT LAKE,— (5ee Rice Lake.) TUCKERSMITH. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north-east by Hullctt and McKiliop; on the west by Stanley and Hay; on the south by Usborne; and on the south-east by Hibbert, The land in the greater part of the township is good. Two branches of the Bayfield River pass through the township, on which there are two grist and one saw mills, Tnckersmith contains 42,308 acres, 1.5,892 of which are leased or sold, of which 2233 acres are under culti- vation. Population, 599. Ratable property in the township, £8451. TUDOR. A Township in the Victoria District ; is bounded on the cast by the township of Grimsthorpe ; on the north by unsurveyed lands; on the west by the town- ship of Lake; and on the south by Madoc. Tiiis township is not yet opened for sale, and no return has yet been made from it. TURKEY CREEK. A Stream ru.ming from east to west, nearly through the centre of the town- ship of Sandwich, into the Detroit River. There is a grist mill on it. TYENDENAGA. A Township in the Victoria District, is bounded on the east by the township of Richmond; on the north by Hungerl'onl; on the west by Thuilow; nii, n.ri? of which are under cultivation. The Salmon River enters the to\»iishi|> about the centre of its eastern border, runs across the township to its stnitli-wcst corner, where it enters the Buy of Quiutiy. There are two small lakes in th« Hullctt )ornp; iiship p, on 2,308 culti- i-nship town* poncd town- nsliip \\(\ oil |iisliij> -\\cst ki tht 199 ftOTt>\-ettst coTner of the to'wnship. Tyendenaga is well settled, principally by Irisii emigrants. The village of Shannonville is in the south-west corner of the township, on the eastern road. There are two grist and eight saw-mills in th« township. Population in 1842, 2898, Ratable property in the township, £34,076. USBORNE. A Township in the Huron District; is bounded on the north and north-east by Tuckersniith, Hibbert, and Fuliarton ; on the south-east b; ' Blanshard; on the west by Hay, and Stephen; and on the south by Biddulpt). The areater part of the township is good land. A branch of the River Sable runs through tlie north of the township. Usborne contains 33,576 acres; 5,050 of woich are leased or sold; of which 728 are under cultivation. There are in the township, one grist, and one saw mill. Populution, 283. Ratable property in the township, £307 1 8s. UXBRIDGE. A Township in the Home District, is bounded on the east by the township of Reach; on the north by Scott; on the west by Whitchurch and Markliani ; and On the south ^by Pickering. In Uxbridge 14,128 acres are taken up, 3337 of which are under cultivation. This township contains some good land ; and a portion of it is of very secondary quality. There is a large lake near the north-west corner, situated partly in Uxbridge and partly in Whitchurch. Timber, a mixture of hardwood and pine. Two hundred and ten acres of crown lands are open for sale in Uxbridge, at 8s. currency per acre. Thera are one grist, and four saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, (including tiie township of Scott), 810. Ratable property in the township, £11,951. VANKLEEK HH.L. A Village in the west of the township of West Hawkesbury, eight miles south from tlie Ottawa River, it contains about 25<) inhabitants, wljo are prin- cipally of Dutch or Gernuin extraction. Tht're are in the village a steam grist mill, carding machine and cloth factory, saleratus factory, two asheries, im* foundry, six stores and two taverns. VAUGHAN. A Township in the Home District, is bounded on the east by the township of Markham; on the north by King; on the west by the Gore of Toronto; and on the south by York. In Vaughan 60,496 acres are taken up, 19,706 of which are under cultivation. This is a township of excellent land ; it is well settled and contains numerous well cleared and higlily cultivated farms. The land is generally rolling, and the timber a mixture of hardwood and pine. The town- sliip is watered by branches of the River Humher. The Vonge Street Road separates the township trom that of Markham. On the road, partly in \ aughan and partly in Markham. are the settlements of Richmond Hill, and ThornhilL There are six grist and twenty-five saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 4.300. Ratable property in the township, £60,942. VEIIULAM. A Township in the (""olborne District, is bounded on the east by the township of Harvey ; on the north by Sommerville ; on the west by Fenelon ; and on the south by Emily. In Verulam 9,298 acres are taken up, 956 of which ar« :i t II I n i 200 liMl .i; j I j: 1 ' ! 1 i ' '' , * :» ander cultivation. A large lake called "Sturgeon Lake", stretches aeross tbe- centre of the township, from west to east A small lake, situated about the centre uf the south border of the township, has a communication with Sturgeon Lake. There is much pine timber in this township. Verulum contains a mixed population. There is one grist mill, and one saw mill in the township. 8Sn acres of crown lands are open for sale in Verulam, at 8s. currency per acre. Ratable property in the township, £4296. VESPRA. A Township in the Simcoe District, is bounded on the north by the town- ship of Flos ; on the west by Sunnidale ; on the south by Essa, Innisfil, and Kempenfeldt Bay. In Vespra 13,040 acres are taken up, 1722 of which are under cultivation. The Nottawasaga River runs through the north-west comer of the township, and Willow Creek, a branch of the Nottawasaga, flows through nearly the centre of the township, and might easily be made navigable to within nine miles of Barrie. One branch of Willow Creek derives its source from a small lake about four miles from Barrie, in the south-east «corner of the township. The land on the bay is poor, sandy and stony, biit a short distance back it begins to improve, and the interior of the township contains good laud. The town of Barrie is situated near the south-east corner of the township, on Kempenfeldt Bay, and the village of Kempenfeldt about two miles below it. In Vespra 11,400 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8,s. currency per acre. There are in the township one grist and two saw mills, and one distil- lery. Population in 1842, 571. Ratable property in the township, £10,87.3. VICTORIA DISTRICT. Consists of the County of Hastings, which returns a member to tlie House of Assembly, and comprises the following townships — Elzevir, Cirinisthorpe, Huii- gerford, Huntingdon, Lake, Marmora, Madoc, Rawdon, Sydney, Tudor, Thur- low, and Tyendenaga. It is bounded on the east by the Midland District; on the north by unsnrveyed lands; on the west by the Colborne and Newcastle Districts; and on the south by the Bay of Quinte. The district is watered by the Trent, the Moira, and the Salmon Rivers, and their branches; and there are numerous small lakes scattered over it. A large portion of the district consists of excellent land, and the townships of Sydney, Tliurlow, and Tyendenaga contain many fine farms. Iron ore of superior quality exists in the townships of Marmora and Madoc ; and in the former township a bed of lithographic stone has been discovered, which, after being examined and tested by a lithographer in London (England), was j)ronounced of excellent quality; but I am not aware if the bed has yet been quarried. Clearing is going on rapidly in the district; and large quantities of potasli are made. Eleven thonsaiid five hundred acres of laud were brought into cultiva- tion between Jaiuuiry, 1S42, and January, 1844. The district is settled principally by Irish and Scotch, U. E. Loyalists and tlieir descendants, and Canadians. Bilieviile, the district town, is a thriving olace. The only other villages in tin district are Sliannonville, in Tyendenaga; and a small settlenient in each of the townships of Madoc and Marmora. Sixty-five thousand and eighty-three acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the \'ictoria District, at 8.v. currency per acre; to jiurchase any of which Hi'l'iication must be nmde to the Crown Lands .\gen«, at Belleville. Population iu 1842, 15,842; since when it has probably bcreased one-fiftlu 201 I 1:: V^ The following abstract from the assessment rolls, will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district : Iluii- Tliur- ict; on .'•wcastle ■rs, and lips of sts and apes in uacli of |or salp wlilcli ■fiflll. Date. No. of Acres Cultivated. MILLS. Grist. Saw. Utt'M Cowe. Oxen 4 years old. and upwards. Homed Cattle from 2 to 4 years old. Amount of Ratable Property. 1842 1843 1844 61,098 63,705 72,630 i 17 1 30 17 37 21 .39 1 5564 57.53 6124 18.50 1985 2026 2342 2617 2009 200.264 206,498 22.5,819 Government and District Officers in the Victoria District. Judge of District Court Wni. Smart Belleville. SheriflP J. W. D. Moodie Do. Clerk of Peace W. Fitziriblion Do. Treasurer Philip Ham Do. Judire of Surrogate Court J. B. Crowe Murray. Registrar of Surrogate Court W. Bowen Frankford. Do. of County of Hastings A. McLean Deputy Registrar B. Dougall Belleville. Inspector of Licenses A. Marshall Do. Collector of Customs Henry Baldwin Do. Crown Lands Agent Francis Mo Annany ... J>o. Inspector of Potash Thos. Parker Do. District Clerk P. O'Reily Do. Deputy Clerk of Crown W. H. Ponton Do, Warden W. Hutton Do. f P. O'Reily Do. Coroners < W, H. Ponton Do. ( John Dougall Do. JVuinher of Comwnn Schools in operation in the District, — Tliurlow, seven; Sydney, eight ; Tyendenaga, sixteen; Rawdon, seven; Huntingdon, six; Hun- gerford. four; Madoc, five; Marmoi'a, two. Total, fifty-five. Tlic towu of Belleville has not come under the late act, not having raised an e(iuivalent to the grant. VIENNA, .\ Village in the township of Bnyliam. situated on Otter Creek, three miles north from Port BurMell, in the midst of a hilly country. The iuuiher trade is carried on very extensively in the vicinity, and is the piincipal siijiport of the village. Vienna was first settled ahout ten years since, and now contains :ib()iit ,300 inhahitants. Churches andeliapols, tliroc. viz., l".i)iscopai and tMo Metho- dist; and tiiere is also a Baptist chai)el about one mile from the village. Post Office, post three times a-weck. Pntfcssioiis and Trades. — One grist mill, three saw mills, one physician and fuirgeon, carding machine and fulling mill, o'le distillery, one ta'incry, eight stores, two taverns, t.vo waggon nuikcrs, two cabimt makers, four blacksmitlis, t«ie saddler, one tinsmith, three .shoemakers, two tailors. Principal Tavern. — " Rod Lion." VITTOMIA. A village situated near the south-east oonier of the township of Charlotteville, nrarly three miles from Lake Erie, and seven miles fi-om Simcoe. It was liiid out in 1816; and waii for a short tinie tlte distriut towu of the London District ill I .'). it ^i 'I i' *M II • r;: I [' tl ■'■|ii' r t fffl ■ i . 1, ■ i j- ri i i r }- I ^ ■ 1 fl 1' 1 '! 1 Ii u 1 202 till the removal of the district oflices to London, in 1826. The registry ofl5r« for the county of Norfolk is kept here. There are three churches and chapelH. viz. Episcopal, Preshyterian, and Baptist. A good mill stream runs through the village, on which it is intended to erect two grist mills during the present year. There are two carding machines and fulling miUs -about half a mile fron* the village. Population, about 300. Post Office, post six times a- week. Professions and Trades. — Two physicians and surgeons, one lawyei", one distillery, two tanneries, three stores, two taverns, three tailors, four waggon makers, four blacksmiths, four shoemakers, two saddlers, one cabinet maker. WAINFLEET. A Township in the Niagara District, is bounded on the east by the township of Humberstone ; on the north by Pelham, and Gainsborough ; on the east by Moulton and a small portion of Caistor and Ganborough; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Wainfleet 22,357 acres are taken up, 6,404 of which ar« under cultivation. The township is separated from Pelham and Gainsborough by the Wclland River, The Grand River feeder of the Welland Canal passes through nearly the centre of the township. A large tamarack and cranberry swamp stretches across the township, a little to the south of the feeder. There is a small settlement called Marshville in the south of the township, on th« feeder, and there are also two saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 1147, who are principally Canadians, with a few Dutch, •Irish, and English. Ratable property in the township, £19,890. WALLACEBURGH. A Settlement in the township of Sombra, situated at the forks of Bear Creek, nine miles from the River St. Clair, and about seventeen from Chatham. Th« road from Chatham to Port Sarnia passes through it. The north and west branches of Bear Creek unite at this spot, and each of them has a depth of from twelve to twenty feet water. Wullaceburgh contains about sixty inhabi- tants, one store, one tavern, one blacksmith. Post Office, post twice a week. WALPOLE. A Township in the Talbot District, is bounded on the east by the township of Rainliam ; on the north-east by Cayu£!;a. Oneida, and Tuscarora ; on tli« west by 'I'ownsend and Woodhouse ; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Wak- pole 23,163 acres are taken up, .5,637 of which are under cultivation. Tlw plank road from Hamilton to Port Dover passes through the north-west of the township. There are some good farms in the township, and some of the land is of excellent quality, but a large portion of the timber ccmsists of pine. There is a small settlement called " Willianisville, " situated on Lake Erie, on the town line between Walpole and Raiiih:iin ; and there are two grist, and five saw mills in the tnwnship. 'I'iiere has as yet been no return of the population in the township. Ratable property in the township, £17,041. WAI,P<>LE ISLAND. A Large Island situated in the north-east of Lake St. Clair ; it is about ten miles long, and from three to four miles wide. It is a fine ish'"'' and is oc- cupied by parties of Chipvewa. Pottawatamie, and Ottawa 'rdiiais. Thet* Indians are also known under the name of Chippewas of Chenail Ecarte. Tli« Chippewas who have long hunted over the waste lands about the Chenail Kcarte and Bear Creek, are a branch of the same nation that is settled in Saruta, iwnship on t)i« Wak- Tl* of the le land Thert on the ive saw tion in :int ton \\ is o<'- Thew ;^henaU ISaruka, SOS %nd share in the same annuity. The Pottawatamies are recent immigranti from the United States. The settlement at Walpole Island was commenced at the close of the Ame- rican -war, when Colonel McKie, called by the Indians " White Elk," collected and placed upon this island the scattered remains of some tribes of Chippewaa who had been engaged on the British side. Being left for many years with- out any interference or assistance on the part of the government, they became a prey to the profligate whites settled on the frontier, who by various frauds, and in moments of intoxication, obtained leases, and took possession of the most fertile and valuable part of the island. When the settlement was first placed under the charge of an assistant super- intendent in 1 8."}9, these Indians possessed scarcely an acre of arable land, but he has succeeded in expellintc many of the most mischievous intruders, under the authority of an act of the Provincial Legislature, passed in IS.'J!) ; and has placed their farms at the disposal of the Indians, who have since become more settled, and have turned their attention more generally to agriculture. The number on the Island has increased considerably since 18.'59, owing to the influx of several bands of Pottawatamies, and Ottawas, invited by the pro- clamation of 18.37, relative to the discontinuance of presents to visiting Indians. Previously to that year they did not exceed three hundred; but in 1842, presents ■were distributed to one thousand, one hundred and forty, viz. Chippewas, old residents. . .319 Chippewas, arrived within a year 197 Pottawatamies and Ottawas from Michigan 507 On their way to settle 117 Total 1140 The new comers are very different in character and habits from the resident Chippewas. The Pottawatamies especially, are skilful hunters, and have long depended solely upon the chase. They are wild, turhulent, mendicant and dis- honest. They possess no land or property. They have been kindly received by the resident tribes, and allowed to settle on their lands; but their roving habits render them averse from settling; they prefer remaining poor, ragged and filthy, to the restraints of civilized life; they are a burthen on tlieir brethren, fi. nuisance to the white farmers in the district which they fretpient, and their arrival in the province is in every respect to be regretted. Their chief hunting grounds are near the Thames, and the upper parts of the two branches of Bear Creek. They also hunt in the United States, but with some danger to them- selves, as the Americans do not allow it. The Indians who are settled upon Walpole Island, occupy the farms and houses hitherto possessed by the white squatters, togetlier with a few houses erected by themselves. The present number of dwellings is twenty-eight, of which three are framed, with several more in the course of erection, and four log barns. There is no village, the farms being detaclud, as among the whit« settlers. There are five inferior chiefs among the Chi|)pewas. who live sur- rounded by their own relations and connections by marriage; and the young men, who though under the controul of the lu-ad chief, recognise especially their own leader. These, on the expulsion of the squatters, met togetlier, and subdi- vided the farms and arable land among themselves, according to their nimibers. Thus, each separate band cultivates one vast enclosure; each man planting more or less according to his industry. It is intended, however, to lay out the fields more regularly. Their ac(|uaintance with agriculture is of recent date, but their progress has been satisfactory. In 18.')9, they planted only Indian corn, and urn road, il church, Ihe town- Iton ; and 1, 3,08«) of through the township, and it is watered besides by branches of the River Aux Sabh's, and other small streams. Warwick contains a large portion of good land, and since the new road has been completed from London to Port Sarnia, it has com- menced settling up fast. In Warwick 1,4U0 acres of Crown lands are open for sale, ai Ss. c'y per acre. Population in 1 84.5, 1,235, which includes the township of sanquet, in which are very few settlers. Ratable property in the township, £11,204. WAHS.VW A Village in the west of the township of Dummer, situated on the Indian River, fifteen miles north-east from Peterborough. It contains about seventy i'l habitants, grist and saw mill, carding machine, two stores, and two taverns. WATEUDOWN. A Village in the township of Flumboroiigli East, seven miles from Hamilton. It contains about 200 inhabitants, and a Methodist church. Post office, post twicL* a week. Professions and Trades. — Two grist mills, two saw do., carding machine and cloth factory, two stores, one tannery, two taverns, one saddler, one scytlw* factory, one cooper, one tailor, one shoenuiker, one blacksmith. WATERFORD. A Village in about the centre of the township of Townsend, on the road leading from Simeoc to Brautford, seven miles from Simcoe, and eighteen from Rrantford. It is situated in a valley, surrounded by high hills, and the Nauti- coke creek runs through the village. It contains about 150 inliabitants; who have a Baptist Chapel. Post Office, post e\ LTV day. Pro/essiuns and Trades — One gri' Population, about 180. Post Office, post three times a-week. Professions and Trades. — One grist mill, two stores, two taverns, one grocery, one waggon maker, two blacksmiths, one tailor, one cooper, two shoemakors. WATERLOO. A Village in the township of AVaterloo, two miles north from Berlin, situated on a branch of the Grand River — contains about 200 inhabitants, principally Germans, wlio have a Lutheran meeting-house. Post Office, post twice a-week. Professions and Trades, — One grist and saw mill, one distillery., two stores, two taverns, two blacksmiths. WAWANOSH. A Township in the Huron District, belonging to the Crown; is bounded on the north by Crown lands; on the west by Ashfield; on the south by Colborne; and on the east by CroM'n lands, as yet unsurveyed. The soil and climate of this township are excellent. The River Ashfield runs through its north-west corner; and the River Maitland runs completely through it from north to south, making several bends in its course. This township is settling fast. In Wawa- nosh tliere are taken up 20.j0 acres, of which 87 are under cultivation. Govern- ment price for land in Wawanosh, 8s. currency per acre. Population, 13;i. Ratable property in the township, £593. WAWANOSH, LAKE. A Lake in the north of the township of Sarnia, about half a mile from Lake Huron. It contains about 2000 acres, and varies from six to eight feet in depth. The Riviere aux Perches runs through it. WELL AND. A County in the Niagara District. It comprises the townships of Bertie, Crowland, llumberstone, Pelhani, Stamford, Thorold, Wainfleet, and Wil- loughby. For the (nirpose of representation in the Legislative Assembly, it is united to the county of Lincoln. WELLAND CANAL. The Channel of water communication between Lakes Erie and Ontario, constructed to overcome the obstruction in the navigation between the two lakes, caused by the Falls of Niagara. Its entrance from Lake Ontario, at Port Daihousie, is in tlie north-west corner of the township of Grantham; it then pftfises through that township and the centre of 'I'horold, in the south of wliich it strikes the Welland River ; after leaving which it divides, and one branch runs straiglit on to Lake Erie, while the other is carried to the Grand River. The Welland Canal was originally projected by Mr. Merritt, in the year 1818, and the work was commenced in 1824. 207 4 Lake depth. Bertie, Wil- it is y Intario, he two at Port "it then which Ibranch liver. Ir 1818, The design at the time was to connect the Welland R I r, which is , nbutarr of the Niagara River, and enters that river above the raj iis, and the Mirt'aet of which is ten feet above the level of Lake Erie, with Lake Ontario, from whi a canal so short, failed in consequence of the peculiar geological formation ot that part of the ridge situated near the village of Port Hobinson, through whicl the canal must pass. This part, which was found to consist of day upon quick sand, and which after great expense and labour had been incurred, caved in and destroyed the work, is commonly called the deep cut. The original design having failed, the Grand River was adopted as the feeder, and a summit level as.sumed, 6^ feet above Lake Erie, and 336^ feet above I^ake Ontario ; the descent to the former being overcome by one lock, at Port Col- home; and to the latter by thirty -eight locks. These locks were of wood, 110 feet by 20. The works on the canal having become very much out of repair— the wood- work of tht; locks decayed and giving way ; and the canal itself very inefficient for the accommodation of the increased traffic through it, and constantly re(iuir- ing repairs, it was determined to make extensive improvements in the canal, — bearing more the character of a new work altogether — than the patching up of the otd one. The canal, according to the present design, will be navigable throughout by vessels 26 feet 4 inches, by 140 feet, the tonnage of which will be about 450 tons. New and magnificent, and substantial locks (of cut stone) have been constructed, the work of wiiich is equal to that of any public work in the world. The canal has been straightened in many places, and from the increased size and capacity of the new locks, it has been found possible to diminibli their number. The Grand River was originally intended as the feeder, and principal chan- nel for the canal ; but it was found advisable to take the supply of water from liakc Erie as being less liable to fluctuation in its level, than any river could possibly be. A channel has therefore been formed from the VVelland River straight to the lake. This has been a W(]fl"k of enormous labour and expense ; a large porticm of the cut being formed through the solid rock. This will much diminish the length of the passage, and the cut to Lake Erie will be the prin- cipal tlioroughfare for all traffic on the canal, passing between the two lakes. The entire length of the canal and its branches will be about fifty-two miles, Tlie harbour at Port Dalhousie is at present very defective, but when the pro- posed improvements are completed, will be equal to any harbour on th..' lake. The original cost of the canal was £450,000; on repairs and other iniprove- UK^nts, £250,000 was expended. '1 he construction of the new canal is estimated to cost £750,000. These seem large sums, but when the magnitude and impor- tance of the work is taken into consideration, it will be generally allowed that the money could not have been expended in any way to more advantage to the Province generally, and more particularly so, to that of the country west of the Niagara River. Great disturbances having frequently occurred ah)ng the lineof the canal, and many i'action fiyhts having taken place amongst the Irish labourers employed on the works, some of which were attended with loss of lil'e. it was f()\ind neces- sary ti) have an armed force stationed on the canal, in order to overawe the rioters. A company of soldiers was therefore raised I'roin amongst the coloured men settled in the province. In addition to whicli a p;a'ty of mounted police were stationed along the line. These measures have had the desired eft'ect, and peace has been since preserved. Tl\e villages on the canal are Port Dalhousie at the entrance, on Lake Ontario, from thence to St. Catharines 5^ miles, from thence to Thorold, 4', miles, from thence to Allaiit.urgh, .'{^- miles, and from thence to Port Robinson, 2^ miles. From Port Robinson to Lake Erie by the Grand River ; to the aqueduct. 4^ nules, from thence to MarshvjUe, 8^ miles, from tbeuce to Dunnvilie, 13^ miles, from vlli 1 i 1 1 208 >V, i .« l/f ' 1 'I Dunnville to Lake Erie, 4^ miles. From Port Robinson to liake Erie by the feeder; to Merrittsville, 4 miles, to Helmsport or the Junction, 1 mile, trom lbeu«)« to Stonebridge, 6 miles, and from thence to Port Colborne, l^ miles. : - Comparative Statement of the principal Articles of Propertt/ passed through tfm Welland Canal, from the openimj of Navigation to the 30th November^ in tin: years 1841, 1842, 1843, and 1844. Articles. Bi'of and Pork, barrels I'lour, do Ashes, do B«er and Cider, do S.dt, do Lo. bags Whiskey, barrels Plaster, do Fruit and Nuts, do llutf er and Lard, do S.vds, do 'J'allow, do Water Lime do Pitch and Tar, do Fish, do Oatmeal, do Lees Wax, do Oil, do S iw Lops, number, Boards, feet Square Timber, cubic feet, .. .. Half Flatted, do Round, do. . . . . Staves, Pipe, number Do. W(!St India, do Do. Double Flour Barrel, do, Shingles, do Wheat, bushels Corn, do. , Barley, do. live, do Oats, do Potatoes, do. Butter and Lard, kegs, Merchandise, tons, Coal, do Castings, do Iron, do Tobacco, do Grindstones, do Plaster, do Hide-, do Bacon and Hams, do Bran and Shorts, do Water Lime do Stone, toisc, Firewood, cords Passengers, number, Small Packages, do Pumps, do Schooners, do Steamboats and Propellers, do.. Sc'iws, do Kat'ts, do Tonnage, tons Amount of TolU collected 1841. .'in.-iifi 'ii:}.is:t ■J(\H M 15G,13H l,!»f)0 113 24G 174 1.127 23 2S 132 7r-> 1 1 /Jno 3,!)S0,nil 1,1.).0,I;8G l,:'.7:i,-i:ir) 1,4(I-a7::6 277.277 4M,.")(I0 1 ,r>7'.)Mm 70,474 1,304 407 3,(il!l 4Sn 39 2,301 213 237 277 220 935 16 41 392 311 402 1,229 496 112 2,226 34 1,430 78 304,983 1843. 19,3S>4 171,4.')0 991 134 14.%971 1,875 129 265 1,133 584 21)11 230 282 1 ,227 1.50 llii 12,020 2,231,143 342,414 1,300 8,300 649,403 183.900 9,0.'>0 61,100 1,1 72,8.50 92,lf*G 13.031 I 8.818 1 1.092 4,392 1,H19 228i 485 97i 991 4-J2| 60 164i 29 1.106 l,87Gi 120 315 117 \M'i 24 824 224,408 je20,210.19».9(i.'£23,946.19».6d. £16,135.7i. M. 1844. 41,976 3U.'),20H 3,412 .50 209,008 4.204 931 2,1 iG8 470 4.039 1.429 1,182 i.ofia 75 ! ,7-58 132 ;W( 90 10,411 7,493,.i74 ■190,525 13,922 20.'^79 030,^;02 1,107.916 13(;,.;00 .130,!00 2,12'i..Mi2 75.32M !/30 I '.2 ,5,(;53 7.31 1 4, 009 11,318 10 cift. 1,089 211 l,748i 140 151J 1,491 J IOl| 307 231 441 738 3,251J 3,i:01J 4.59 102 2,121 484 1,071 118 327,570 JE2a,573.3«.l(W. Il,".t76 3u.'>,-20H :V413 .Ml 'i(J!t,0(l8 4.204 iiai 2,11(58 470 4.(;:!'j 1.4-.i9 l,(ifi'i 75 1,7S« ;i6 iif) 10,411 r,4'j:J,o74 •i;)i),.)'i5 13,922 aO.>'79 1 fVM\W2 Ili7.'jl6 7,').:<'28 U'M) 1 '.2 7.;ii 1 4,r,fiy 10 CI ft. 1 ,(i!<9 211 l,74Si 140 1511 l,4!)li lOli ;io7 2:n 441 r:!8 3,2.'ilJ 3,'-tUJ 4.VJ 102 2,121 484 l,ti7I 118 327, ■')70 73.3«.10ot. 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'^ A ^ ' ^S. sc R a 2.Q o c uocu T! c^ X ii 01 4-> ^ 3 M _« M a b > • i-» h t a -d o 'm* (J- 1 a a « 2 ^ 2 3 o PS S s •i_5 H •< « S s a t5 g : "^ V 9 « u^ • u O b ^ •> •71 / a <>d t X 3{ s t/j B b£ c 8 *' $ H • to : ti.t; 'A ■ m J 1 1 is Wj : c : s : » : >J "J 9u '. a 1 2 "3 . 73 : " «« :«2 \ S 1^. =1^1 1^ E c ] = il • r 1 .1 >1 ' to- i u :!5 i 3 J • 1 ; t > C ■ Hi !CS fc •1' \ i 1 •'-J re u it ' ."3 •6 N V : ^ o 213 WEr.LESLEY. A Township in the V ellington District, is bounded on the east by the township of Woolwich; o)i the north-oast by Pool; on the north-west by Mor- nington; and on the south by Wilmot. In Wellcsley 1,28U acres are under cultivation, only fifty acres are returned as uncultivated. This township formed a part of what was called the Queen's liush ; (crown land, where fifty acre lots were given away to actual settlers). The Canastoga, a branch of the Grand river, runs through the north-east corner of the township. Population in 1841, '254. Ratable property in the township, £2,884. , WEI.UNGTON DISTRICT. Consists cf the county of Waterloo, which comprises the township of Ailluir, Amaranth. IJcntinek, Dorhy, Eraniosa, Egronunit, Guelph, Glenelg, Garafraxa, Holland, LuthiM', Mornington. Minto, ISIaryborough, Melanethon, Nichol, Normanhy, Pei'l. Proton, Puslineh, Sydenham, Sullivan, Waterloo, Wihiiot, Woolwich, and Wollesley; and, for the purpose of representation in the Legis- lative Assembly only, the township of Dumfries, and for all purposes e.\cept that of representation in the Legislative Assembly, tiie township of Erin. ^ The Wellington District is bounded on the east by the Gore, Home, and Simcoe Districts; on the north by the Simeoe District, and unsurvoyed lands; on the west by uusurveyed lands, and a small portion of the ]lun)n and Rrock Districts ; and on the south by the Gore and Brock Districts. It is watt-red by the Grand River and scmic of its branches, the Sau- geen. and numerous sn\all streams, some of which are excellent mill streams. Some portions of the district, (which formerly composed part of the Gore District) have bcvn long settled, as the township of Waterloo, which has been occupied above forty years. The more northerly t)\vnships, as Guelph, Wool- wich. Nlehol, ^:e., have been more recently settled. Guelph was laid out nearly twetity years since by Mr. (iait, on a block of land belonging to flie Canada <'(imj):iny, and ^Voohvich, Nieliol, iM'amosa and Erin, have been settled subsequently ; and many of the new tovvnsliips towards Owen Sound have as yet very few settlers in them. A road has lately been opeiierl by the govern- ment from Arthur to ( )wen Si)und, and fifty acre lots have been given to settlers, fronting on the ro;ul. with liberty to imrehase, within a certain time, the fifty acres in the rear. According to a return nride in 184;"), there were s -ttled on this road v\ithin the first thirty miles above Arthur, a jxipulation amounting to 1111, of these It'M were Irish, 2l''J Scotch, 1^:2 I'.uglish. French ("anidian eighty- four, Aiitjlo ('aturlians seventy-eight, Americans eight; and they liad under cultivation 2,.'>(tu acre^ of land.' Tiiere is much fine land in the district, and some of the best fanns in the Province may be found in the townships of Guelph, Waterloo, Wilmot. and I'us inch. Eratii:)sa. Erin and Woolwich are also well settled. Much of the land in the district is timb'red with the best kinds of liar(lw(!0;I, maple, beech. Elm, Oak, &,'•.. with a sutliciency of pine for all ni'cessary ])urpoxes. 'I'lie townRliift of Waterloo was settled by n number of emigrants from the I'niti'd States, (onsistiiiir of Pennsylvanian Dutch: the rest of the district has been 8 'ttled almost eNclnsively l)y E;ig!i>;h, Irish, and Scotch emigrants, (luelph. the district town, is situated in the midst of a roiling country, surnnnided by handsomely situated, and well cultivated farms, and it is dry and healthy. There are beside- in the ilistrict. the villag s of Prest(m. Rerliu, Glasgow, and Waterloo, in Waterloo; Haysvilleand Hamtnirg, in Wilmot; I'ergusand Ehn-a, (the latter of which is beautifully situated on llu' Grand Hiver). in Nichol; and others of less note. There is souu' fiiu- scenery in the district; that of the falls of Elora is particularly picture-(iue. Linu' stone is abundant in the district, ttJony the course of the Grand lliver and its branches. The settlers in this district uregeuerully in good circumstances and are improving the country fust; II \ , 1 liffj ! J r ■! J 1 I I i ;u^ ill* 214 15,000 acres of land were brought into cultiration between January, 1842, and January, 1844. In the Wellington District 307, 1 78 acres of Crown lands arc? open for sale, at 8s. currency per acre, to purchase any of which application must be made to the (^rown lands agent at Elora. A few lots in Amaranth, Erin, Garafraxa, and Melancthon, vary in price from 2*. 6d. to 10*. per acre Population of the district in 1841, ]3,8ol, since when it has probably increased one fifth. The following abstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate of increase and improvement in the district. I No. of I Acres Cultivated. — " Date. 1842 75.863 184.'} 82,897 1844 90,791 *'"•''*• Oxrn, 4 years . Milvh Cows. old, and upwards Horned Cattle, Iroiii 2 to 4 years old. Amount of Katable Property. £234,892 243,872 258,763 Gnirernntent and District Officers in the WeUinyton District: Judge of District Court A. J. Fergusson Guelph. Sheriff Geo. G. Grange Do. Clerk of Peace Thos. Saunders Do. Treasurer AVni, Hewat Do. Di.strict Clerk R. F. Budd Do. In,<;pector of Licenses James Hodgert Do. Clerk of District Court Robt. Ailing Do. Deputy Clerk of Crown Wm. Hewat Do. Superintendent of Schools Alex. Allan Preston. Vrarden A. D. Fordyce Fergus. ( Henry Orton Guelph. Coroners •< Jas. iUust Fergus. ( Dr. Scott Berlin. Nuiiiher of Common Scfxxtls in operittian in the District. — Guelph. eight' Wattrloo, twenty-four; Wilniot. tMcnty; W(M)lwich and Queen's Rush, six' Wc'llesley, five ; Nicliol, five; Eramosa, five; Erin, twelve; Puslinch, eight' Garafraxa, six; Amaranth, 1 ; total, one htmdred. WELLINGTON SQUARE. A Village in the township of Nelson, plea.santly situated on Lake Ontario, eight miles from Ilaniiltnn. It has been settled about twenty years. Tlie steamboats to and from Hamilton generally toueli here. Wellington Square contains about 400 inhabitants. There are in the village an Episccipal church and a Free church, A schooner is owned here. Post office, post every day. I'rofcsnions antl Triiiles. — One physician and surgeon, one steam grist mill, one foimdry, one tannery, two stores, six groceries, one druggist, one pottery, four taverns, one saddler, one tin.smith, two waggon nuikers, two blacksmith*, one baker, four tailors. iV/Hc/yx// !/ar«Tw—" Ontario Hon.se." Exjwrts from WctlinijtoH Si/ttarefiir 1844. Flour ." '. 10,!)22 barrels. Timothy Seed !M do. Wheat 34.921 buslulf. Rutter. 2.i\d partly in the township of Hallowell: it contains about 150 inhabitants. There are two churches in the village — Catholic and Methodist. There are three stores in the village. WENTWOUTH. A County in the Gore District; it comprises the townships of Ancaster, Brant- ford, Uinbrooke, Barton, Glandtbrd, Onandaga, Saltfleet and Tuscarora; and for all purposes, except that of representation in the Legislative Assembly, and that of registration of titles, the townships of Seneca and Oneida; and, except for the purpose of representation in the Legislative Assembly, the town of Uamiltun. ^' WESTERN DISTRICT. Consists of the Counties of Essex and Kent. It is the most south-westerly district in the Province, and is bounded on the east by the London District and a small portion of the Huron District; on the north by Lake Huron; on the west by the River St. Clair. Lake St. Clair and the Detroit River; and on the south by Lake Erie. It is watered by the River Thames and the River Sydenham, or Bear (.'reek; the River aux Sables, and numeroiis small streams are distributed over the district. This district contains some of the finest land, and the most temperate climate of any portion of the province; the winter is short, and the spring sets in early. The valley of the Thames, as also that of Bear Creek, contain large portions of fine farming land, well adapted for raising wheat; as do also the townships of Moore, Sarnia, Plympton, Warwick and Enniskillen; and the soil for about seven miles below Cliatliam is noted for the superior quality of peas it produces. The County of Essex is well fitted for the cultivation of Indian corn, and tobacio of very good cpiality has been raised in it. This district, although possessing the most temperate climate, the shortest winter, aud some of the richest land in the province, has hitherto settled up very slowly. This may be attributi.'d to various causes; in the first place, its remoteness, and till very lately tlie luck of convenient modes of reaching it: aaaiu, many emigrants newly arrived in the comitry, having very incautious'y settled themselves down on the plains or prairies, within convenient distanevs of extensive marshes, attracted by the greenne.«s of the pasture (not, afUr all, nmeli greener than themselv'.'s), and the ease with which the land could he brought into cultivation; where, as any reasonable person would* have antici- pated, they soon (from the miasma arising from the nuirshes) caught ague and fevers. These, removing to other p.irts of the country, and blaming, not their own folly, as they ought to have done, but the climate of the country gciurally, deterred other settlers from venturing into it. It is true that in the Western District there ar> manv wet and marshy places, but not more in proportion than in other parts of the provinci'; but most of these may be easily drained, for many of those places which were wet three or four years agn have lieen etfeetually drained in making the new roads through tiie di.striet. No localities can be drier or more healthy than the townships on the upper portions of the Thames and Bear Creek, and on Lake Huron. And, on a hot summer's d;y, no situation can be more agreeable than that of the settlers on the banks of Lake Huron, in the township of Plympton, — the air is seldom sultry, and there is generally a refreshing breeze from the lake. On the lake shore vegetation flourishes; aiul the farms, gardens and orchards never sutFer from late or early frosts. In the t(twnships of l>over and i'ilhury a large portion of the land eou- s'sts of open plains partaking virv mneli of the nature of marsh: tiie.se are very usefid for grazing cattle, which thrive very well (m them; bnt no nuiti of fonimon sense would droam of making his habitation on them — those of course who have done so, have suffered tiie eonseiiueuees. it n III m m\] 'In >i I'll I ' •i » ; ' 1 ' , I -k nr II- !|i !|i li i i l< i A 1 j \ \ i * ** ' i ,, -i ' ! 1 i II i 1 1 1 !v ll per acre, which in any other portion of the province wou'd fi'tch from .$30 to ^M ]wr acre. 'I'hirteen thousand acres of land have been brought into cultivatiou between January, 1842, and January^ 1 44. The towns of Chatham, Sandwich (the district town), and Amherstburg are situated in the district; the former on the Thames, and the two latter on the Ivtroit Uiver; and there are besides in the district the villages of Windsor on the Detroit Hiver; Port Sarnia, Froonu field and Suthi'riands on the St. ('lair; Krrol, in Plympton; and Louisville on the Thames, besides smaller places of less note. Tn the Western District r)7.Hr)0 of Crown lands are open for sale, at 8,v. c'y. per acre; to |)ureliase any of which application nnist he made to the Crown lands ag(MU at Sandwich. Population in 1844, 27,019; since when it has probably increased one-tenth. i '^Tf-tXy ii ^V - iptou lie are to he )f the ;res of iuary» [•p are [n the "tr on Cnair; pes of I'rown [iitU. 217 Tlie following ahstract from the assessment rolls will show the rate o? increase and improvement in the district: ! No. of Date! Acres Cultivated. I MILLS. Oxen, 4 years Horned Cattle, : Amount of Milch Cows., old and { from 2 to 4 | Uatable j upwards. ye.irs old. ! I'mperty. Grist. Saw. 1842 69,33.') IS43 77. 17(5 1844, 82,726 19 14 15 19 17 22 8,37r) 92,14 9,624 I 3,148 3,5.")6 3,963 4,112 4.833 4,628 i £394,711 I 324,221 ; 341,354 Government and District Officers in the yVvstcrn District: Jiidffp of District Court Alexander Clicwett Sandwich. Do. 1)0. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Collectors of Customs.. I L Shoiitf Cu'orpe W. Foote....- Clerk of Peace CImrles Baby Treasurer J. H. Baby Registrar .T;iines A skin Inspector of Liccn.ses W. G. Hall Judge of Surrogate Court lohn A. ^Vilkinson Registrar of do James .Xskin District Clerk John Cowan Deputy Clerk of Crown S. J. Fiuett " R. E. Vidal Port Sarnia. Jo'ui F. Klliott ^Vill(ls()r. AVjlliam (\)Sirrave <'liatliam. F. (^ddwell". Maiden. — . Cronyn liond 'Fau. Warden John DoLsen Dover Fast. Hugh Johnston Moore. R. Pegley Ciiatham town. vS. T. Tliebo Sandwich. \\A\. Mail Do. James Kevill .Anilierstburg. A. Young, junior Port Sarnia. P. P. Fecroi.K Sonibra. Number of Common Srlmols in operation in the District. — .\nderdon, two ; llrooke, none; Camden, three; Chatluim, si.\; Coleluster, tliree; Dawn, seven; Dover, Fast and West, three; (losfield, si\; llarwicli, clever,; Howard, ten; Maidstone, four; Maiden, nine; .MiT.sea, five; Mixiiv and ^^nni^killen, two; Orford, three ; Plynipton. three; Raleigh, twelve; lloeli.ster. two; Roniney, three; Sandwich, ten; Sarnia, four; S()nd)ra, seven; Tillmry Ivist. three; ']'il- burj West, three; Warwick and Jk).> of which are under cultivation. 'I'liifj jo an old settled township, containing many fine farms, which are generally well cultivated, and many of which are beauti- fully situated, and have excellent orchards attached to them. Most of the land is rolling. Whitchurch was originally settled by Pennsylvanian Quakers, most of whom or their descendants still hold the land. The village of Newmarket is situated in the north-west corner of the township. There are four grist and thirteen saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 3,836. Ratable property in the township, £51,392. WILLIAMS. A Township in the London District ; is bounded on the north by the town- ship of McGillivray ; on the west by the River Sable and Hosanquet; on tlie south by Adelaide; and on the east by Lobo. The River Sable runs through the east and south of this township, till it reaches its south-west corner, when it makes a sharp bend and runs northward, becoming its western boundary. Tht; soil is generally good. In Williams 20.895 acres are leased or sold, of which 2,296 are under cultivation. In the township are one grist and one saw mill. Population 857. Ratable property in the township, £9133. WILLI AMSBURGH. A Township in the Eastern District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Osnabruck ; on the north-west by Winchester; on the south-wt-st by Matilda; and on the south-east by the River St. Lawrence. In VV'illiams- hurgh 45.340 acres are taken up, 8,301 of which are under cultivation. Tiie township is watered by branches of the Petite Nation River. It contains a fair proportion of good land, and is pretty well settled. There is a small villaire called " Cooksville " situated in the north-west of tiie township, six miles from the St. Lawrence; and a settlement called " Mariatown," on tiie banks of the river. One hundred acres ot ('rown lands are open for sale in Willianisburgh, at 8s. currency per acre. There are one grist and fo„. saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 2,941. Ratable property in the township. £38,935. WILLIAMSTOWN. A Village in about the centre of tlie township of Chaiiottenburgh, situated on the River aux Raisins. It contains about 200 inhabitants. Professions and Tiailes, — One grist and sawmill, four stores, four taverns, two tanneries, one saddler, two blacksmiths, two shoemakers, two tailors. WILLIAMSVILLE. A small scttlenu'nt on the town line between Walpole and Rainham, situated on the shore of Lake Erie. The Walpole post office is kept here. Wiiliamsville contains about 30 inhabitants, one store, one tavern, one black- smith. jfl p. I m ulafio!i in 1S42, OTi). Ratable piojierty in the township, £10,830. WINDHAM. A Towiship in the Talbot District, is bounded on the oast by the township of Towusend; on the n.)r;h by Burford; on the west hy Norwich and Middle- ton; and on the soutli hy Ciiarlotteville. In Windham 31,710 acres are taken u|i. 1 1,3'J6 of which are under cultivation. The to -nship is watered by llig Creek, which runs nearly through its centre. 'I'his is a well settled township, containing good land; the timber is a mixture of hardwood and piue. There are one grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 1508. liatuble property iu the township, £28,203. 221 300 the outli- ster The terc'd tiin- are and WINDMILL POINT. A Point of Land on the shore of the St. Lawrence, about one mile cast from Prescott ; so called from the circiinistunce of a larfrc wiiKlniili being erected there. Previous to the late rebellion there was a flomisliiiifr Kettlenunt here, •.?hich contained several good stone lioiises. Two battles were fought here during the rebellion; after the last of which the houses were set on fire by the military, and have not since been rebuilt. WINDSOR. A Village in the township of Sandwich, pleasantly situated on the Detroit River, opposite the city of Detroit, in Michigan. It was laid out in 1834, and is a place of considerable business. Two steam ferry-boats ])\y constantly between this place and Di'troit. Tbe situation is healtliy, tlie town being built on a high bank, from thirty to forty feet above the river, which is liere about a mile in vidth. Windsor posses'^es barracks, which are occujiied at present by a battalion of Ritles. In December, i838 (during the rebellion), this place was attacked by a band of 400 Americans and rebels, who crossed over from Detroit, and burned the steamer 'I'bames, and two or tbree houses. They were charged by a party of militia, eighty in number, who, after firing two shots, completely routed them. Windsor contains about 300 inhabitants. Professions and Trades. — One physician and surgeon, one brewery, one dis- tillery, four stores, three taverns, seven groceries, one baker, two carpenters, two bhieksmiths, two tailors, two slioenuikers, one tinsmith, one bank agency (Montreal). Post office, post every day. List of Exports for the year 1844, with their estimated value : Quantity. Dpscription. .£ 4r,42 Bushels... Wheat 6!t«) 65 Barrels ... Flour G") f)l Do Potash 290 434 Do PiU-k 1164 77 Do Lard 93 Do White Fish 3 Do Furs (value not ascertained) 98 Tierces ... Beef 70 Do Hams (value not ascertained) 22 HoL'slieads Do. do. li) Kegs Tongues , 226 Do Lard 33 Do Tobacco 4 Boxes Bacon The principal part of the pork, bacon, hams, lard, tongues, and beef were made from hogs and cattle imported from the United States, aud slaughtered and packed in Canada. 308 162 5. 6 If) il. 294 22 10 (» 197 15 99 16 WINDSOR. A Village in the township of Whitby, situated on the eastern road, two miles from Windsor Bay, and about thirty-one from Toronto. The plank road from the bay to Skugog Lake passes through the village. There is a (Jongregulioual Church in the village. Population about 500. Post office, post every day. Professions and Trades. — Two physicians and surgeons, two lawyers, eight stores, two druggists, one bookseller and stationer, three taverns, one watch- maker, one ashery, one brewery, three saddlers, two cabinet makers, one chair 1^ - V h ': M Ifll I (I > V i&m ! ■ ','11' i IV i • I' ' ■ I ■ i:^fi i ! . I 'I ' 2-2-2 miker. ono ftmiiiuo: mill maker, two waggon makers, one tinsmith, one baker, tiiree blacksniitiis, four shoemakers, four tailors. About ouc uiiie east from the village is a small settlement called " Windsor East." WINDSOR HARBOUR. A Village and shijjping place in the township of Whitby, situated on Lake Ontario, about thirty -two miles from Toronto. An excellent harbour lias been formed here, by constructing a breakwater and building two piers ; within the breakwater is enclosed a basin of about 120 acres in extent, which when coai- pli-ted will have a depth of ten feet. The width of the channel, at its entrance, between the piers, is two hundred and fifty feet ; and there is a light-house on the west pier. Up to July 1st, 1844, i;i5,;lD5 was expended on this harbour. A plank road is in course of formation from the harbour to Scugog Lake. Tile Steamboat " America" (a Uritish boat) calls here daily, on her passage to and from Rochester and Toronto. Seven schooners, whose collective tonnage amounts to about 400 tons, are owned here. Windsor Harbour is a port of entry and lias a resident collector of customs. There are two churches in the village, Episcopal (built of stone), and Methodist. Populatitm about 2.')0. Pro/e.ssio7>.>i and Tnides. — One brewery, three stores, four taverns, one saddler, two blacksmiths, two shoemakers, two tailors, one wheelwright, one baker, one sliip carpenter. Exports from the port of Windsor during the season of 1844 i Fioin- .' .*. 21,.^)97 Barrels. Pork 1,435 Do. Ashes 610 Do. Oatmeal 285 Do. Beer 120 Do. Wheat 14,563 Bushels. Oats 1,682 Do. Peas 290 Do. Grass Seed 1,175 Do. Potatoes 1,240 Do. Butter 32 Firkins. Lard 32 Kegs. Hams 14,000 lbs. Lumber 646,000 Feet WINDSOR EAST. A small settlement in the township of Whitby; about half a mile east from Windsor. It contains one saddler, two tailors, one cabinet maker, one waggon maker, one blacksmith. WOLFE ISLAND. A large Island situated in the north-eastern extremity of Lake Ontario, near the entrance of the River St. Lawrence. Its western portion is opposite the town of Kingston. It is a long, irregularly shaped island, having numerous small bays running into it. It forms a township of the Midland District. In Wolfe Island 24,449 acres are taken up, 6152 of which are under cultivation. Wolfe Island is well settled, and contains some good farms. There is one saw mill on the island. Population, 1289. Ratable property in the township, ^17,323. WOLFORD. A Township in the Johnstown District; is bounded on the north-east by the township of Oxtord; ou the north-west by Montague; on the south-west by 223 - \ wins. lear Ithe lous In Ion. law the [by Kitlcy; and on the south-east by Klizabethtown and Aupnsta. In Wolford 25,24.'J acres are taken up, 6477 of »"'hicli are under cuUivation. The Kidcau River and Canal separate the township from Montague; and the townshij* is also watered by branches of the Rideau River. The timber is a mixture of pine and hardwood. In Wolford .'JDO acres of Crown lands are open for sale, at o*'. euiTency per acre. There is a grist mill and a saw mill iu the township. Population in 1842, 2422. Ratable property in the township, £21, .384. WOODIIOUSE, A Township in the Talbot District, is bounded on the east by the township of Walpole ; on the north by Townsend ; on the west by Charlottevilie ; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Woodhouse 28,226 acres are taken up, 10.232 of which are under cuitivati(m. This is a well settled township, containing excel- lent land, and many well-cleared and cultivated farms. The land is generally rolling, and most of the farms are handsomely situated. Simcoe, the district town. Port Dover on Lake Erie, at the mouth of Patterson's Creek, and a small shipping place called " Port Kyerse, " are situated in the-township. Tlie plank ro;id from Hamilton to Port Dover, passes through the toMnship. The timber in Woodhouse is a mixture of pine and hardwood. There are three grist and eleven saw mills in the township. Population in 1841, 16r>4, who are principally Canadians and Americans. Ratable property in tiie township, £41,864. WOODSTOCK, The District Town of the Rrock District, in the south-west corner of the township of Blandford, thirty-two miles from London, and forty-six miles from Hamilton, pleasantly situated on a rising ground in the midst of a rolling country. It forms one long street of about a mile in length, and is divided inta East Woodsiock, and West Woodstock. It became the district town in the year 1840, (before which time the county of Oxford formed a portion of the London District.) It contains six churches and chapels, viz. Episcopal, (of brick, and in which is a tolerable organ,) Presbyterian, Baptist, British Wesleyan, Canadian Wesleyan. and Christian. There is a jail and court house, built partly of brick, and partly framed. Two newspapers are published here weekly, the "Monarch,'' and "Herald." There is a Mechanics Institute, and a cricket club. Population, 1,08.5. Post Office, post every day. The following (lovernment and district offices are kept in Woodstock: — Judge of district court, sheriff, clerk of peace, judge of surrogate court, registrar of ditto, treasurer, inspector of licenses, district clerk, clerk of district court, deputy clerk oi' crown, district superintendent of schools. Professions and Trader; — Two grist mills, one saw mill, carding machine and fulling mill, brewery, distillery, two tanneries, four physicians and surgeons, two lawyers, one foundry, ten stores, seven groceries, one bookseller and stationer, five taverns, five cabinet and chair makers, four waggon makers, two watchmakers, one soap and candle factory, two livery stables, one glover, one turner, six blacksmiths, ten shoemakers, three bakers, four butchers, four saddlers, two -opers, one tinsmith, one barber, three painters, eight tailors, one printers, one school, one bank agency "Gore." Principal Tavern. — "Woodstock Hotel." Land Agent, J. F. Rogers. WOOLWICH. A Township in the Wellington District, is bounded on the east and north- east by the t nvnshins of'Guelph and Nichol, on the north-west and west by Peel and Wellesley, and on the south by Waterloo. la Woolwich, 32,327 fill i lii: Br::, nil 'M V I ^'- ' i '.*^ i i .1 (f 1::^ t p ^ .1 224 acres are taiken up, 9100 of which are under cultivation. This is a larpe town- ship and it is as yet hut thinly settled. Much of the land in the township is of excellent quality, and the timber principally hardwood. The Grand River runs through the township. In the north of the township is a large block of laud, containing 20,000 acres, belonging to the estate of the late General Pilkington. 'I'he village of Woolwich is situated in the township, and there are also in Woolwich two grist and two saw mills, one of which is situated on the ('anas- toga, a branch of the Grand lliver. There is an Episcopal church in the township, near the village of Elora. Population in 1841, lOO'J. llaiable property in the township, £22,315. WOOLWICH. A small Settlement in the township of Woolwich, seventeen miles from Gait; it contains two <'hurches, Presbyterian and Methodist; a post office, post twice a week ; a tavern and a blacksmith. WOOPPOOSE ISLAND. A small Island in Prince l-dward's Hay, in Lake Ontario, between the forks of the township of Marysburgh. It is not inhabited. YARMOUTH. A Township in the London District, is bounded on the east by the townships of Malahide and Dorchester; on the north by Westminster; on the west by Southwold; and on the south by Lake Erie. In Yarn\outh TO.TaS acres are taken up, 22.;J.')0 of which are under cultivation. The township is watered by (.'atftsh Creek, which separates it from the township of Muiahide, and by Ket- tle Creek, which separates it from .Southwold; both of which are good mill streams. Tiie land in the township is generally of excclleni (jualily. and most of it rolling. The township has bctu long settled, and contains many fine farms, well cleared and cultivated, with good orchards. It is the most thickly settled township in the London District. The north of the township is settled principally by liigliland Scotch, and the south mostly by Quakers. 'Ihe villages of St. Thomas and Port Stanley are situated in the town- ship (the former on the plank road from London, and the latter at the mouth of Kettle CiVfk) as are also the settlements of Jamestown and Sparta. There are live grist and ten saw mills in the township, from wliich large ijuan- tities of sawed lumber are exported, much of the limber on the creeks being pine. Population in 1842, 12.'J1). Ratable property in the township, i,"70,or)7. YONGE. A Township in the Johnstown District; is bounded on the east by the town- ship of Elizabethtown; on the north by Hastard and Kitley; on the wist by Lansdowne ; and on the south by the river St. Lawrence. In Youge, .38.214 acres are taken up, 1").017 of which are under cultivation. The great (Jana- no({ue Lake extends into this township fnmi the township of Lansdowne, and there are al^o three smaller lakes in the township ; one of which is in the north, another near the ciiitre of t!ie township, and the third nearly midwa) hetweeen the two; the wliole of these are connected by means of small streams with the Gaiiunoqiie Lake. There are two mar>hes in the south of the township. lM)fh of which discharge themselves into the St. Lawrence. This township is well settled, and contains ;.;()0(1 farms. In the north of the centre of the township is a setllcmeaf called •' rannersvillc, " and in the north-east of the township a sellleuieut called "Charleston." There are in the township five grist and Ihe towii- VI St by k .18. -214 It (J;iiui- UK', and 111' north, jiOtWC'l'OU Iwith th«? |, lK>tll of is w«n I'lislii)) is jiiship a Irist unil t>2; tweWf- saw mills. In Yonge 200 acres only of Crown lands are open for sale at «*■. currency per acre. Population in 1842, 40.36, who are principally Scotch and Irish. Uatiible property in the township, £40,673, YOKK. A Township in the Home District; is bounded on the east by the township of Scarboroujrh ; on the north by Vaughan; on the west by Etobicoke, and a snuiii porti-»u of Toronto Gore; and on the south by Lake Ontario. In York 5.).2.36 acres arc taken up. 24,2.'}8 of v.iiich are under cultivation. Tliis is an old settled township, and much of it has bjcn long uider cultivatiofi. It is watered by the lIuinbL'r and the I) mi rivers, and their branches. Thf haid in the soutli of the township, bordering on the lake, is poor and saudv; in tli.' rear of the tovfiiship it improves in quality. Tiler.' is a considerable quantity ol' pine in the towMsliip, and a large portion of the township is timbered with a mixture of hard wood and pine. The (,'ity of Toronto is situated in the south of the township, on the Bay of Toronto; and there are eight grist and thirty-five saw mills in the township. Population in IS42, .■),720. Ratable pn)perty in the township, £82,682. There were shipped at the llumber during the year 184.">: rioiir 54,62.') barrels, Potasli 84 Pork 127 Timothy Seed 8 IJran 60 tons, Lumber (sawed) 2(\0()() feet, W(»oilen Cloths 1,600 pounds, Pot I'.arky 58 barrels, IJuekwiieit Flour .'» Peaa 48 YOliK. A Village in the township of Seneca, pleasantly situaf"d on the banks of the y D.iwn; anl on tli • .»ont)i by Ca lu'.en West and tin- lliver Thames. In '/on. 2',l.l7r acres are riken up. 5,:J40 of which are under eiiltiv;itioii. 'I'he Klver Sydcnhaiu ( lie.ir <'ivek) crosses the low nsliip from its nu'theast corner to its soutb-wesi eorn'r. Tins is ii fine township, ooiUiiininir exc^'llent land, the u'r-aler |>oriion ol which is covtnid witn the be^it kinds of hard woo'l; maple, oak. elm. befcii. black walnut. iS;c, On Hear Creek, and also on the Thames, are many b'autil'ul situations for farms. There ;ire many Well cleared and cnltiva' 'd t.rms in the township. On the buuk uf tin Tluuie> is a salt spring, wiicru ^aii lui bccu made, but ito capu- :ilii .11 m I f w \^':V :? i 'it \i ,.1 i 226 bilities have never yet been thoroughly tested and brought into operation. The settlements of "Zone Mills," or *' Van Allen "s Mills,'' and " Smith's Mills," are gituated on Bear Creek; and on the Thames is the site of the old Moravian - town, the battle ground where Tecumseth, the Indian Chief, was killed, in the year 1813. In Zone 800 acres of Crown lauds are open for sale at 8«. currency per acre. There are two grist and two saw mills in the township. Population in 1845, 1231, who are principally emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, with a few Canadians. Ratable property in the towuship, £15,230. ZONE MILLS. A Settlement in the township of Zone, pleasantly situated on the east branch of Bear Creek, nine miles from the western road and the River Thames. It contains about 100 inhabitants; grist and saw mill, carding machine and fulling mill, one store, one waggon maker, one blacksmith. Post Office, post twice a week. ZORRA. A Township in the Brock District; is bounded on the east by the township of Blandford, on the north-west by South Easthope and Downie; on the west by Nissouri; and on the south by North Oxford and part of lilandford. In Zorra 60,220 acres are taken up, 10,627 of which are under cultivation. This township contains very excellent land, and the timber is generally hard wood, maph', oak, elm, beech, &c. On the west side of the township, near its centre, is a spring, from which issues a large body of water, forming at once a creek of considerable size. The village of Euibro* is situated a little south-west, and the village of Huntingfbrd a little south-east of the centre of the township. There are one grist and three saw mills in the township. Population in 1842, 2722, who are principally Highland Scotch. Ratable property in the township, £35,120. in Ip CANADA; ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS -■'II m 1. . I !: . 1 CANADA; ITS FIRST SETTLEMENT AND EARLY HISTORY, CLIMATE AND PRODUCTIONS. The first settlement made by Europeans in Canada, was in 1535, by Jacques Cartier, a French navigator, who sailed up the river of Canada, (which he named the St. Lawrence, as far as the ishind of Montreal, where he found a settlement of Huron Indians, called Hochelapa, to which island he gave the name of Mont Royale. (afterwards called Montreal.) He took possession of the territory, wliicli lie called New France — built a fort — and wintered in the country. On this expedition he carried oft" a chief of the natives, and conveyed him to France, where lie lived about four years, was converted to Christianity, and died there. In ir)4(), an expedition, consisting of five ships, under the command of Cartii'r. was fitted out by comniand of Fran^'ois de la Roque. Lord of Robervall, who had been appointed Viceroy of (^aiuida by the King of France; and who himself intended to follow with two additional ships. His departure, however, was postponed till the year l.")42. When he arrived in Canada, he built a fort, and wintered about four leagues above the island of Orleans. In 1549, the same nobleman, i^eeoinpiiiied by his brother, and a numenms train of adventurers, again embarked tor Canada; but they were never afterwards heard of, which so discouragtcl the government and people of France, that for more than thirty years nn further measures were taken to communicate witli the settlers who remained in Canada. In l.'")7f), .Martin Frobis'ier wa.s sent out by Queen Eliziibeth, with three small shi|)s, and discovered Fli/abeth Foreland, and the straights which still bear his name. He entered a bay in north latitude fi.'l ° , and carried off one of the nativi's. In this voyajxe he discovered what he supi)osed to be gold, which encouraged a SOI. iety of adventurers to send him out the following year, with three other ships, to explore the coast of Labrador and Cireenland, with an ulti- mate view of discovering a |)assage to India; but he returned without success. He brouglit away with him nearly two hundred tons of the ore supposed to be gold; whicii howtver. to their (lisappointment. turned out to be some other mineral. In l.")7t<. he sailed again for the continent of North America, with no less than fifteen ships, in search of gold; and carried bona- immense i|uantitie» of the same glittering substance, to the comj)lete ruin of many of the adven- turers. In 1581, the French trade to (''luiada was renewed, after an interruption of more th.m thirty yeurii; and in 1563, three ships were employed in the irudu to lh« continent. m 230 I :■ ; '! f In 1598, the Marquis de la Roche received a commission from Henry thf Fourth, of France, to conquer Canada; but returned without doing anything of contequence; and shortly afterwards died of vexation. On the death of La Roche, his patent was renewed in favour of M. De Chauvin, who made a voyage up the St. Lawrence, as far as Tadousac; where he left some of his people, and returned with a freight of furs. The following year he sailed again, and pro- ceeded as far as Trois Rivieres. In 1603, Pierre du Gast, a gentleman of the bed-chamber to the same king, received a patent, constituting him Lieutenant General of the American territory, from the fortieth to the forty-sixth degrees of north latitude, with power to colonise it, and subdue and convert the natives to Christianity. In 1608, Champlain was sent out with three ships for the purpose of nuiking a permanent settlement; and after having examined all the most eligible .situations along the coast of Nova Scotia, (then called Acadia), and the River St. Lawrence, fixed upon the present site of Quebec, where he laid the foundation of what he intended to be the future capital of the country. In 1027, in the reign of Louis XIIL, Canada, then called New France, was, by direction of Cardinal Richelieu, placed together with its trade, under the manage- ment of a company, called the '* Company of One Hundred .Associates;"' at the head of which Avas the Cardinal himself. A commission having been given by Charles I. to David Kertk, and his kinsmen, to conquer the American domi- nions of France ; Kertk attacked Canada, in July, 1()28, and continued to carry on his military operations with vigour. In 1630, he appeared again off I'oint Levi, and sent an officer to Quebec to summon the city to surrender. Cham- plain, then in command, knowing his means to be inadequate to a defence, surrendered the eitj by capitulation. The terms of the capitulation were favourable to the French colony; and they were so punctually and honourably fulfilled by the English, that the greater part of the French chose to remain with their captors, rather than return as had been stipulated to France. In 16.'J2, Charles I , by the treaty of St. Germain, resigned the right which he had claimed to New France and Acadia, as the property of England, to Louis XIII., King of Franee. In 163"), Rene Rohault, having become a Jesuit, resumed a project which had been interrupted by the English conquest of Quebec, of founding a college in that city ; an institution that had been planned ten years before. In this year, M. Champlain died at Quebec. In 1640, the French king vested the property of the island of Montreal in thirty-five Associates, of whom Maisonneuve, a gentleman of Champaign, was one; and who on the loth October, 1641, was declared governor of the island; and brought over with him several families to Montreal. * The French in their trade with the neighbouring Indians, being much obstructed by the Moliawks, then a powerful tribe, and being unable to subdue them without assistance, in 1647, sent .M. Marie, a Jesuit, as an agent to solicit aid from Massachusetts, with offers of liberal compensation for assistance, which the government of the English colony refused, on th^.' ground that the Mohawks had never injured theuK In the following year, the colonists of Newfoundland sent to the Governor and Council of Canada a proposal of perjietual peace iHlween the colonies, even though the nnither countries might be at war. Although the French were nnieh pleased with the pr(»posal, and anxious to ccmclude an agreement of the kind, the business terminated without success, because the English were fir.n in their determination not to assist the French against the Iro»iuois (or FMve Nations.) In 1649, in the month of March, a party of Iroquois, about one thousand in number, attacked the Huron village of St. Ignatius, containing four liumlred pers(ms, all of whom, with the exception of three oidy, were nuissaered. About five years aOerward><. the Fries, a numerous tribe of Indians inliultiting the borders of Lake Erie, were so effectually exterminated by the Iroquois, that were it not fur the nuuie of the lake, we should have uu niiuoriul uf their existence. I] 231 ■ill in was slaud; ninch subdue solicit which ihuwks vernor oven much kind, n tlu'ir ons. ) and in unlrod Ab(»ut itg the K, that If thtir In 1665, M. de Courcclles, being appointed governor of New France, trarss- ported the regiment of Calignan Saliercs to Canada : it consisted of one tiiousand foot, and th.y were accompanied besides by numerous families, with meciianics, hired servants, horses (tiu' first ever seen in Canada), cattle and sheep. The one hundred associates in whom the property of the coUmy was vested, had grown weary of the expense of maintaining the colony, and fnmi the year 1644 ab.mdoaed the fur trade to the inhabitants, reserving 'o themselves as their right of lordship an annual payment of one thousand beavers. Ueduc-.-d at lengtli to the number of forty-five associates, they made a total resignation of all their rights in 1662. to the French King, who soon afterwards included New France in the grant which he made of the Freneli colonies in America, in favour of the West India Company formed by the great Colbert. The Mohawks having greatly annoyed the French, were attacked in the following year by a French army of twenty-eight companies of foot, and the whole militia of the colony. This formidable body of troops marched upwards of sevon hundred miles, in the depth of wint'»' ^'••.•ni Quebec into the country of the Mohawks, with a view of utterly destroy ! nem ; but the Indians retired with their women and children into the depth of the woods, leaving only a few ancient sachems in the villages, who chosi- rather to die than dest-rt their habi- tations. These were murdered by the Freiieh, and their villages burnt, but nothing was gained by the expedition. In the following year, peace was at length established between the French and the Five Nations, which continued for several years, and thej- cultivated a mutual trade. In 1670 the small- pox broke out amongst the Indians in the northern parts of Canada, and swept otf whole tribes, particularly the tribe of Atlikamegues, which has never since been heard of. Tadusac, the chief mart of the Indiau fur trade with the French, was deserted, as was also Trois Rivieres, where the small-pox carried off 1, .";(.{) Indians at once. In 1 671, a grand congress of the French and of many Canadian Indians was held at the Falls of St. Mary ; where the Indians professed submis- sion to the king of France in a formal manner. In 1672. M. de (!ourcrl!e^, governor of Canada, cominenced building a fort on the north side of the ouikt of Lake Ontario (near where Kingston now stands), as a barrier against ihe Iroijuois, which was comj)leted in the following year by Count Frontenac. wlio called 't after his own name. The French likewise built a fort at Miehili- nuickiiuic. In 1674 Quebec was nuide a bislioprie. In 1678 M. de Sale rebuilt the Fort Frontenac with stone ; he also launched a bark of ten tons nnuntio, you ought to take care that so great a number of soldiers as a])pear now, do not choke tlie tree of peace, planted in so small a fort, and hinder it from shading both your country and ours with its branches. I do assure you that our warriors shall dance to the Calumet of peace imder its leaves, and that we will never dig up the axe to cut it down, until the Onnuntio or the Corlar shall either jointly or separately endeavour to invade the country which the Great Spirit has given to our ancestors. This belt confirms my words, and this other the authority which the Five Nations have given me." In 1()85, according to a return madu by order of the Government, the inha- bitants of Canada amounted to 17,000, three thousand of whom were supposed to be capable of bearing arms. In 1G87 M. Denonviile. Mho had succeeded De la Barre. took the field at the head of l.'iOO French and oOO Indians, in order to attack and destroy the Senee;is, who had refused to attend at the late treaty, and were known to be firmly atiaclied to the English, lie commenced his UKirch from Catiiratjui in , June ; and the sccmts of the French army advanced as far as the corn of the Indian settlements, without seeing a single Indian, although they passed within pistol shot of oOO Senecas, who laid on their faces, and snifered them to pass and rt'pass without attacking them. At len'jth, when the invading army had ajfproached within a quarter of a league of the cliief village of the Senecas, tliey raised the war shout, accompanied with a discharge of fire arms from all sitles. This sur- prise threw the French into confusion, and the Senecas fell upon them with great fury, but the French Indians being rallied, repulsed them in the end. In this action about a hundred French, ten French Indians, and eiglity Senecas were killed. The next day Denonviile continued his march, with the inlentioii of bur, ling thi' village, but he found it already in ashes; the Senecas had burnt it and fletl. Two old men only were found in the village, who were cut into jtieces and boiled to make soup for the French allies. Before Denonviile re- turned into Canada he built a fort with four bastions at Niagara, in which he left a garrison; but it was soon afterwards abandomd. In 1((.S'.» I)en;)nville was nealled, and Count Frontenac came over as governor of <^anada. <)a the iJtitii of .Inly in this year a body of 1200 Indians ol'tlie Five Nations invaded the Island of Montreal, burnt all the plantations, and made a horrible massacre of men. woukmi and children, tluoxving the whole French colony into the utmost consternation; insonuieli that Valrennes, the eoninuindant at Catara(jui, was ordered by Denonviile to abandon that place. In this attack lOOO French are said to have been slain, and twenty-six carried ulf and burnt a'ive. In the following year an attack was made on Quebec by an Fnglish tleet, under the command of Sir W. Phipps, wliich proved unsuccessful. BftVeen I us time and the year KiOS, wln'ii the Count Frontenac died, the war be- tween the French and Indians still contimied. with varying fortums. niither pirry gaining any very signal advantage over the other; and on tliC arrival of .^l. tie Calliers in lr!>'.), who sin-ceeded <'ount Frontenac as Govci lo;- oj' Cun.idu, he terminated the disputes with the Indians by agreeing to an exeaange of pvi-. soi.ers; which treaty of [jjaee took place at Onondaga. lornor "ive ado a iiTiich ^idaiit Ittack Iburnt I tloet, Ir Iv- ra! of |ll.|(lUv 233 la 1705 tlic loss of alarire and richly laden ship bound to Quebec (which was* cajHured by the Eufjlish), compelled the colonists to raise their own hemp and flax, which by permission of the French court they manufactured into linens and stutfs. In 1714 the whole number of men capable of bearing arms, between the ages of fourteen and sixty, tiiat could be raised in Canada, only amounted to 4,-184; and in 1749 tiie popidation had increased so much, that the militia of Canada numbered 12,000. lu 17.")9 Quebec was taken by General Wolfe, and Niagara was capt\ired by Sir W. Johnston; and on the 8th September, 17G0, ^loutreal, Detroit, .Miehili- luackiuac, and all other places within the government of Canada, were surrt-n- dcn-d to his Mritaunie Majesty; and the destruction of a fleet ordered out from France in aid of ( 'anada, completed the anuihilaiiou of the French power on the continent of Ni rtli America. As a reward to those soldiers and ofHcers wIk^ had fought during tlie late war, the governors of the iJritish possL-ssions iti North America were empowered to grant to each field officer .'iOOO acres of land; to a captain, .'5000; to a .-ubaltern or staff otiieer, :2000; to a non-commissioned offici'r, 2 )0: and to eaeli private oO acres of land. At this tinie Canada cou- tain>'d upwards of Go.ODO inhabitants; and the exports for the year from Great Britain to Canada amounted to i.'8.G2;j. In 1791, by an act of parliiiuniit, the Province of Quebec was divided into two separate provinces, to be called the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada; and tlie first parliament of the I'pper Province met at Niagara on the 17th Sept. 1792. In 1797 the second parliament met at Little York (now Toronto); which place continued to bo the capital of the Upper Province till after the re-uni(m of the two provinces in the year 1841, wlien Lmd Sydenluun removed the seat of govenunent to Kingston, where it renuiined till 1844, when it was again removed to M unreal. When the two provinces were re-united their designation was changed from Upper and Lower Canada, to Catuida West and Can;ula East. Cainida I'.ast is inliabited jjrineipally by the descendants of the oiii French set- tlers, with the exception of Quebec and Montreal (which, being the j)i'incii)al shipping places and connnercial depots of the Lower Province, have amcmgst their population many l'"nglisli, Irish and Scotch merchants, and other persons connee'ed with the trade and sliipping interests of the province and Great Urltain), and the Faslern townshijjs. M'hich th_' iJritish Ameriein l/md Com- pany have been for some time engaged in tryit..^' to settle with Hritish emigrants. The Up|)er Province, or Canada West, (to which province this work is limited), is settled pi'iiiei[)ally by emigrants and the descendants of eniigr.ints from Great Hritain and Ireiand. 'i'here are also large numbers ol' U'. K. Loyalists (or persons who fought on the side of Great Britain during the .\nierican war, a mixture of all tuitions) and their desei'ndants; and in particular localities tliere are large settlements of Pennsylvanian Dutch; and there are also many .Ameri- cans s^•attered over the eoinitry. The Irish have rather a nuijorify in the pro- vince, and next to them the Kng.ish. Much has been written against, and strange notions are prevalent in Britain respecting, the eiimate of ( 'anada. Most persons on the other side of the Athintic nnagiue that the winter is so severe, and the snow so deep, that it is iinixissihk' for any one to stir out of doors without being wr.ipped up in the eyelirows in furs or woollens; nor (.'ven then without tlie risk of being fro/en to death. < 21 Swit'tsure. 1825 " 19 unds), and the beautiful birds-eye or curled maple ; butter:HU is also a tree the wood of which is highly ornamental, and the fruit of which is very good eating ; it is rather larger than the walnut, richer, but the flavour not <|uite so dcli'ate. The black walnut, wiiieh furnishes the most beani'ful wood for cabinet w irk grown on the continent of America ; this wood is as yet but little known in Europe, but it richly deserves to be so ; it is much used for the best kinds of furniture in .\nK'rica. sawn into veneers ; much of it is most b.'autit'nily veiiw'.l, and some of it is richer in colour, and far more beautiful in appearance than ihe finest specimens of rosewood. The wild cherry tree (the Lauras Cerasus, ur cherry laurel), is very abundant and is nmch used '237 ay be forest found !> two >uoIk'C iiith ; fty feet iJrably Sfnt to or the ■'nirlish whicli h, as it very 'ith the .•anocs ; lantitios as two [nuiple ; fruit of |but the le most lis wood is much [ch of it [r more cherry [ch used h for common furniture ; it is a liard and durable wood. The bass-wood or lime tree; on rich moist {ground, the white sycamore and button-wood tree; in the marshes, alder, spotted alder, willow and varieties of thorn ; and in the swamps red and white cedar, tamarack and hemlock ; from the tamarack the gum i? obtained with which the Indians cement and make watcr-titiht the seams of their bark canoes : besides which there are the spruce fir, pitcli pine (or Scotch fir), larch, black oak, and several other varieties ; the cedar is a most useful wood for many purposes, aiul vrry lasting. Of shrubs there are many varieties, amongst which are the sumach and leather-wood tree. Of the wild fruits of the country may be mentioned the wild cherry, which is principally used for flavouring spirits ; wild grapes, few of which howL-ver are to be found sutheiently sweet for eating ; black currants, which although not equal to the cultivated, nuike a very good preserve ; red currants ; several kinds of gooselnrriL-s, red, green and black, the fruit of nu)st of whiel: is covered with prickles, and is only usable when young; raspberries, which are of a fine flavor; and nearly equal to the cultivaied ; black raspberries; cranberries, wl)ieh make a most delicious preserve, and large quai.'ities of which are exported ; none of these howeverreach Ivulaud in a state of j.;,rfection, the reason of which is that the berries are gatlu red Uiiich too early, long before they are ripe, through the jealousy of the Imiians, each of v.hom is afraid he shall not get his share ; they therefore generally pick theui ii; August, although they are not tiioroughly ripe till October ; when they ;. i e all ^\ ed to hang on the bush through the winter, and are gathered in th(^ spring, 'hey are p very ri'.'h fruit. These cranberries grow in marshes, whicli are gei;eraily n\v li infested with rattlesnakes, therefore the white settlers seldom venture int< lem, but depend for their supply of the fruit upon the Indians. Besides ti ■ st there are wild plums ; strawberries, which grow in great abundance in particu' ■ localities, and which are about equal to the English wi,. vu-awberry ; blnck- berries and hazle nuts; and many other kinds of wild friit. The flowers are almost innumerable, early in the sui'tmer the woods are lite- rally clothed with them; amongst which will be found many beautiful varieties which are cultivated in the English gardens, such as tin; scarlet lobelia, blue lupin, purple gentian, columbine, violets (without scent), fleur de lis, the beau- tiful white water lily, tw o varieties of dog's-tooth violet, scarlet and other lumey suckles, wild rose (rosa canina), dogwoorl, arbutus, d^'isma crenata, sweet briar, asclepias (two or three varieties), campanula, lychnis, golden rod, michael- masdaisy, hyoscyaums niger, hydrastis ('anaden>is, pyrola (or winter green), hare bell, minmlus. phlox, Solomon's seal, calceolaria, &c. To give, however, a detailed list of the botanical productions of Canada would occupy a volume. Hops grow wild, and in great perfection. The living, breathing denizens of the forest are various; but their numbers are fast diminishing before the destructive progress of civilization. When they shared the sovereignty of the land with th. r -l man, they were comparatively but little disturbed; but as the country 'vi ,;ie settled up they were either gradually destroyed, or were obliged to retn;at before the advancing footsteps of their common foe. On this subject there has been much niisrepresentatioji in all works published on Caiiada. Game of all kinds has generally been represented as so plentiful, that no person would so much as dream of starting for Canada without at least one gur ; md emigrants on their arrival, generally keep glancing from side to side as they walk up the streets, expecting every instant to see a bear or a wolf dart out from the doorways; and in strolling into tlie country, they walk very cautiously along, lest they should inadvertently tread upon and crush some poor partridge, hare, or turkey. In the present day, bears and wolves are only to be found in the more unsettled neighbour- hoods, and it is very seldom that they are seen, unless regularly hunte42, wild turkeys were also plentiful in the NVistern and Loudon Oistriets; but the severity of that winter, and the great depth of snow, caused them to 1»e ctnnpletely starved oat of the woods; and immense numbers were killed in tlie farm yards, whither they had ventured in search of food. This was complete nmrdcr, as nu)st of them were little better than skin and blerably plentiful in the woods. ^Voodcoeks and snipes are not BO numerous, but may occasionally iie met with. There is also a species of bare, which turns while in the winter. Pigeons are very plentiful in the spring and autumn, aud are killed by hundreds. Of diu'ks there are many varieties, gome of them are very beautiful; they are excellent eating, ami being foutul in great munbers, jiartieularl) about the marshy parts of the lakes and rivers, afford excellent sport. Wild swans are occasionally seen, and wild geese ^ery commonly. Amongst tlie .suuiPer aninuds the .'^l|uirrels must luit be omitted, as they are in great numbers, and form the principal tjanie of Canada; of these there arc four varieties, the black scpiirrt-l, the hugest and most numerous; the grey squirrel, which is sel(h>in m>t with; the red squirrel, and the ^vound «monk: these when properly cooked are excellent eating, and most persons prefer them to pigeons. K'>r the purpose of preservimr the game of the pntvince, and in order to endeavour to prereut Us utter destruction, a bill was lately brought into parlia* M u 2^39 piTiite ruj)od. isti'in pth of miiionse ■arch of in skin llowid .irvi'«l ; u'lii, not or threw xist in ar, the a kind art' not oil's of spring rii'tit'8, oiiiid in rivi-rs, Si' vtry )niitt*'d, of thfse int-nmB; ^■oiind ig, and vrdiT to purlia' mont by Colonel Prince (himself a keen sportsman), the enactments of which are as follows : " That no person or persons shall, within this province, from and at>er the passinf? of this act. hunt, shoot, take, kill or destroy any wild swan, wild jroose, wild duck, teal, widgeon or snipe, between the tenth day of May, and the fifteenth day of Aujjust, in any year. "That iiv) person shall hereafter trap or set traps, nets or snares for any grouse or i|uail, or kill, or hunt, or go in quest after the same at night, within this l)roviiK'e. "That if any person shall hunt, shoot, take, kill or destroy any wild swan, wild goose, wild duck, teal, widgeon or snipe iK-tween the tenth day of May, and the fifteeiitli day of August in any year, or shall sell, offer ibr sale, hny. receive, or have in his t8 and charges aiteiuling the eonvieiion." It is to hi' f 'ared, however, tliat no enactment of the kind will have much effect in preserving the game, as its |)rovisi'>ns cannot 1h' extriidid to the Indians, who are the principal hunters in the province; few other persons having much tiiee or inelination for tiie sport. AiiiDim the smaller feathered tribe are many beautiful birds: the jay, which is aliiiut thi' size of the English jay, but the whole of whose plumage is blue, and beaniifully marled; several varieties of Mundpeeker, the largest of which is called the "cock of the woods," a bird nearly the size ol'a rook, with black plui ,d Maek and white, the head and neck of a irlossy black s!iad"d with gr -en, and a eriinson spot on the top of the head; another, about the same size, sjHUted over with lilaek and white, with one or two other varieties. The scarlet taiiiger, a scarlet bird with black wings, and a very sweet note; the bluebird, nearly as large as a bluekhird, of a most heanliful blue, with a red breast; the indigo bird, a >maller bird, of a deejier blue; three varieties of blacklurds. one of which his >.earlet shoulders; the .Vmeriean ciinary, or lla.i-hird a bird much resembling the canary both in plumage and note, the only diflV-n'nec in the former being that the wings are black, and there i> also a patch of black feathers on the top ol the head. 'l"he robin, a bird something resembling the Knglish ro'iin in appearance, hut imuv than double the size; the meadow lark, (a dif- ferent bird to the Knglish sky lark); the thrush; the kingfisher; the whippoor- wili; the sandpijier; several varieties of fly catchers, and tree creepers; the »wallt»w; two varieties of plover; the curlew: two species of humming binls, oiieofwhieh is of a golden green, and the other has a crimson throat; with many other species, some of which are eipiullv handsome. Some of these binls. Iiowever, only spend the summ"r with us, eomiiig in tJke early spring, and migrating to the south in the autumn. Mesides ;h(Ke, we have Ih " bald-headed eagle, a nolile bird; the ki.e; the largi fishing hawk; the sjiarrow hawk; the large horned owl, und two or tlin-e smuller vurieties; the heron, the bittern and the crow. In the laki's und rivers, tlie prinoipa: fish are tlu sturgeon, which is freipjeiitly taken of from eitdify to a hundi.d ptnimls weigiit; the lake or salmst delicious fish ill the lukes^, und herrings; uf thck- three many thuiLsuud burreit Ah ill I . ; ;. ■ i i ilr 240 ■are annually taken and salted, a large portion of which ir. exported tt)the United Slates. Tlicn? are also pike, of large size; pickerel; tliree varieties ofbat-s; niaskelonf>;e, a niagnifieeiit tish; cat-fish; suckers^ perch; and occasionally eels; and in most of the rivers and mill streams may be foimd the speckled troni. In the St. Lawrence, and rivers running into Lake Oniario, large quantities of fine salmon have formerly been taken durinir the migratio'i of the fisli in the spring and autumn. In the rivei* Credit, in particular, a waggon load has frequently been taken by two or three persons in one night; but for the last two or three seasons the fish have almost dLSened the streams running into Lake Ontario, the reason of which is supposed to be, the great number of dams eivcted across them, for the purpose of securing a supply of water for the grist and saw mills, •which have much increased in number within a few years, and the immense quantity of saw -dust which is conse<|ueutly constantly floating down them. It being considered desirable to preserve the salmon if possible, and prevent tlieir being ahogi'ther exterminated or driven from the lake, an act was jiassed, which provides as follows; "That from and after the passing of this act, it shall not be lawful for any person or persons at any time between the tenth day of September in any year, and the first day of March in the succeeding year, to take, catch or kill any salmon or salmon fry, in any manner whatsoever. " That it shall not be lawl'ul for any person or persons at any time to take, catch or kill in any manner, in any district in Tpper Canada, any salmon or salmon fry nearer the mouth of any of the rivers or creeks emi)tyiii^' into Lake Ontario or the liay of Qninte. than two hundred yards, or within two hundred yards up from the mouth of any such river or creek as aforesaid ; Provided always, that nothing herein contained shall be con.strued to prevent the taking of salmon with a .seine or net at any place along the shores of Lake Ontario between the lirst day of February and the first dav of .\ugnst. ' 'I'liat it shall not be lawful for any person or persons to take, eaich or kill, or to att.nipt.to take, catch or kill any fish whatsoever, in anv river or creek within lipfKr Caiuula, by torch or fire light within (me hundred yards of any niiii wiiich may now or hereafter be erected on any such riv.r or creek as aforesaid. " That from and after the passing of this act, it ;-^hidl not be iawfid lor any person or peisons to buy, receive or have in his or tlu ir possession, uTider iii»y pretence whatever, any salmon taken or caught during the piricd in which pidt rably smaller than the South .American poreu|iine. and the quiilr ar>.' both slioiter and more slender ; the} arr iiaiur.ill\ of an op.Mpi< white; uud th^' Indiai's dye tluui of many beautilul colours, and u*c them extensively iu «*rnuui(.nlul work. i i I' 241 Snakes arc- numerous; but vcnommis kinds are- not so plentiful as in th» country more to the j^outh (in the United States) ; of the latter are thi' rattle- suake, adder; and the copper-h'-ad is also said to exist. The water-mocassin is also said t'l be vi-nemoiis. Those which are harmless consist of the large black snak'*, tin small brown sn.ike, and the garter snakes. Great numbers of the snakes n"'' uestroyed by the large hawks, which seem to consider fhtm a very delicious morsel. Frogs (or (-anadian nightingales) exLst in great num- bers in the ponds and ditches. Wild bees are also numerous: they make their comb in a l.'ollow Wx-.-, und occasionally a tree (called a bee tree) is felled, in the hollow of which will be found two or three hundred weight of honey. Of entomolo:^icai specimens many beautiful varieties are to be met with, and mosquitoes are apt to form an early and sometimes rather tvo iiUi.aate an acsum (or plaster of Paris) is also f»>un 1 in large qnantities on the Grand fliver and oth.'r parts. And in various pirts of the province salt has been made from brine sprinrs; the water, however, h IS not generally been f)und suilieientiy impregnated with salt to make the operation protitable. I^-Im DIVISIONS AND EXTENT OF THE UrPEll PROVINCE I r.s IMtOf.Hl'SS AMI IMJMIOVKMr.NT.S; HFS(>ri{«KS ; THAUK AND Al.HlCM.TliHK : KDIUAI'ION : ADVICK TO KMKJKANT.S. Ac ('anada Wesl comm'uces about twenty miles above the conlluence of the Si. iiuwrcuce and the (Htawa Uivers; and the settled portion extends towards the \V(.st and south-west as far as Lake Huron, tiie Uivi-r St. Clair, Lake St Clair, ami the iV'tnnt Kiver: and on flie south it is iKinnded by the W \'i-T St Lawrence. Lake Ontario, the Niag.ira lliver, and l>ake Krie. From the div ding line between Upper and iittwir ( uiuula to the Detroit lliver, the distance is about .')0u miles in a straight line. Canada is general. y de.seribi'd as a flat country; but it is only called so by Uk»»v who have tra\i'ried over very little oi' it Most iHTbUiu who have wnUvu 1 1\- *>42 I. ; \ i i descriptions of the country have only travelled alonjr the ro^rtilar -Jtafre rnadj* (which are always carried over as much ievi'l proiuid ;;■; possible;, and have seen very little of the interior of the coiu.try. 'I'lie surface of tlie iireater pc^r- tion of the Upper Province is roiiinp; and there are many portions that are ver}' hilly. \ range of hills or rid^res. th:it niuy a'niost W termed mountains. runs through the townships ol" Albion and '':iied()n, and on to l,ake Huron, terminating in the ]?lue Mountains on the Cuoruian Hay: one of tlnse mnnn- tuins is said to he about 2000 feet ab(.i of the lake. By looking at the map of the country, and noticing the sources and the c(nirs('s of the streams, it is easy to form a tolerably correct judgment of the ri'Litive height of tiie land. Thus it will be seen that tlie ridge of land runi;ii:g t'lrcMigh th'' townsliips north of Toronto must be considerably above Lake Ontario; astlie rivers taking their rise in it, and which flow into I/ike Siiueoe, after jiassing down the fails of th« Severn, through the (leorgian Bay and Lake Kuroi, tiu- raj'ids of the !{iv(.r St. Clair, Lake St. Clair at.d I.ake Vs'w, the rapids ann^div!ded into counties, ridings and toviisliii)R. Tin- dis'rli t:^ vary ii t'./A. .is do aNo the townships; the Western Disuicl conla'iung lwi-::'y-nliie thiis, ain! tlic Prince Ivlward District only six. .Vstholar^e dlsuiels l>i'C«)nit settled i;]-. ar.d contain asuflicient population to form two districts (Hit ol one. thiy are gem rally divided; thus the <'olborne District was foinie0. Mi>st of the to^«n^hipR are laid out in srpiare blocks, but some of them are divirh-d in a maimt T that defies description — leading one to form the coiielusion that the original sur- veyors seldom (•omm<'nccd their w ■^ : «-• V a 3 3 o ii -3 c .= i2 : 'A ^ '^ -^ li •: S a =•" S tT b 3 ;- '^ -= => ■M i — Tl i ■-y t: ^ ■■«• w r; S 1- •< t. i^ ~ i: ~ -<- . ,, ^ <- ^> < = ^ 3 O ■71 o o o T'l o o ?l -t c '.-; t. T* 3 I. f Z"? z> 30 « o ceo q_ c c 3 (» 'JD — ' rf -f T '.-: n 33 i-T O O — < «t t -r rN M r: '."i 8 S H M a o • V .5 - J; -3 >^ a I" — - 4* .i --< ^ o 'i ''• •#> d n 2 T. n * a 5 t;-2 5 yi /^ / a. .!£ ;=Ji:a ^'c --. *». 'J • ■*' 75 ■« en ii* "" »- >i *J • *i« ^^;=i5 Arf ^ J •B *rf -• «-• *< M !•« r. no — o o 2 o o S 3» CI "3 e C cs o A o ox O C O C 3 O O O ■.« — M 5 C O O O X 71 O ■Xl 3 fj ■J) s V h H lit 2S CS i4 'Je '•J o a O ri 2! * -5 3> M * a rl ■•3 a to 3 .-9 V3 •■6 J- 3 13 3 !3 3 J3 ! r 1 1 "■■ * 1 , ^"1 1 '! = ' i ;. '. « ^ 244 Writers on Canada and the United States, who take a very superficial view of the subject, are apt to institnteavery unfair comparison between the two coun- tries, and always draw a conclusion unfavourable to Canada. In the United States every thing is said to be bustle and activity, progress and iniproven»ent; whilst the contrary is said to be the case in Canada. If this were reaily so, no one need be surprised when he takes into consideration the ininu-nse sums that have been borrowed from England, for the purpose of constructing the public works in the United States; which works may be said to have cost them nothing, a.s but little of the principal, and not much more of the interest has been paid. If we could get the cash on as easy terms in Canada, we should have no dilh- cuity in " going a-head" quite as fast. But has Canada really been standing still all these years, while the States have been making such progress ? Let us look at the facts and see. Within the last twenty-five years the Rideau Canal, tlie Welland Canal, and the St. Lawrence ("aiials, some of the most niagnifieeut and important undertakings in tiie world, have been commenced and completed. In the year 1799, the Home District only contained 224 inhabitants; and in 184.5, the (-ity of Toronto alone contained 19, T.')*}. Twenty years ago, Hamilton, London, IJytown, and Cobourg, .scarcely had an existence; now they are flou- rishing towns?, containing handsome houses and public buildings; and their outskirts are studded with elegant villas. About forty years since, the first settlers entered the Gore and Wellington Districts (then united in one), at that time a mere wilderness; now they contain some of the finest farms in the Pro- vince. Forty years ago there was a post establisiied from Niagara to Aniherst- burg once in six months, which was carried by a man on foot; after a time this was increased to four times a year; then once a-month, afterwards every week; till at length Utteis reach Amherst burg every day, with the exception ot ^^'ednesd!ly; which omission is caused by the post not leaving Toronto on Sunday. In the year 179G, Toronto is described by the Due de Rochefoucauld m> being a mere swamp, c«)nt!\ining only a fort and twelve log huts, and without a single .settlement within a hundred miles of it; now the three great thorough- fares — the western, the northern, and the Kingston roads — are each planked or macadamised for about twenty miles; and for the same distance nearly every lot fronting on the roads is taken up, settled, and under cultivation. Tliret; years ago, the voyage from Montreal to Kingston, by the Rideau Canal, occu- pied five or six days; now, by the St. Lawrence, tlie journey may be performed HI twenty-eight hours, and from Kingston to Montreal in tweuty-fimr hours. As a proof that improvements have not b"en going on so very slowly, the following sums have been expended on the public works al present iu progress, or lately finished, up to the first of January, 184<»: — Welland Canal £r).')l.«)4r, 17 4 Cornwall Canal 71,724 1 2 Williamsburgh Canals ir)6,.'»47 l.'J 1(» Burlington Hay Cinal 4<;,().'>0 4 8 Hamilton and Dover Road 4i),lii4 1) 4 Newcastle District, &e 8..'iO.T 7 Crooks' Rapids 10.004 Hi fi Heeley's Falls 9,II.'M7 7 Middle Falls 4,H,'»1 10 8 Ranney Falls 10.749 9 5 Harris" Rapids 1,647 !\ 3 Hire Lake Road 7,2or» 19 2 Seymour Bridge (il.'J 2 & Ruokhoni Briilge 4'>:\ 14 I Whithi's Rapids 6,210 O 5 Chisholm's Rapids 7,"28 2 « Seugog Rapids G,roti 17 9 Fiddler's Island 220 15 jgash. 245 River Trent 338 14 Windsor Harbour 24,242 18 7 Dover Harbour 7,136 17 1 Long Point Lights 2,899 8 2 Windsor and Scugog Road 8,624 16 10 Port Stanley Harbour 16,423 6 3 Rond 'Eau Harbour 6,971 1 1 Ottawa Improvements 45,906 15 9 Main North Toronto Road 8,147 9 7 Biantford Road 49.501 6 3 Chatham, Sandwich, &c., Road 41,968 7 2 Owens Sound Road 220 2 Scugog and Narrows' Road 54 10 2 Surveys, Canada West 379 8 Amhorstburg and Sandwich Road 559 19 10 Cornwall and L'Orignal Road 28 Toronto Custom House 1,102 3 10 Kennebec Road 211 4 8 Grand River Swamp Road 2,295 11 Rouge Hill Road and liridge 992 2 9 LOrijrnal and Rytown Road 160 s 8 Belleville Bridge 564 7 11 Besides large sums expended on the works in Lower Canada. Canada is also said to be a poor country: no one could travel over it and long retain that impressi(m. The beauty and substantial nature of the public build- inirs— the handsome banks, stores, and elegant mansions — the beauty and supe- rior excellence of the steamb(>ats — the mills and rapidly increasing manufacto- ries — the extensive and well cultivated fa\ins, are all sufficient evidences of her wealth. In 1844 there were in the I'ppcr Province 2,017.115 acres of land under cultivation; 17."),il04 milch cows ; 1. '$9,584 oxen and other horned oattie over two years old; and the ratable property in the province amounted to 4."7,390,345. But these, it should be renu'inbered, were only the numbers and amount retunnd to the usxi-ssors; and, as few persons ever return anything like the whole amount of their property, at least five-and-twenty per cent, may fairly be added to this anujunt; and the only articles of property assessed consist of land cultivated and uncultivated, houses. Mater grist and saw mills (steam mills are not assessed), merchants' shops, store-houses, horaes, milch-cows, catth' over two years old, distilleries, and pleasure waggons; so that there is a vast amount of property of which no account whatever is taken. Land under cultivati'||i. gv-nce could be supposed to avoid occasionally iusertiug uu item in a wrong iculuniD. i>; I a^r !f;'::. i! '■\ V 1 ■ ^ if 1. ' . ; • n-ilill 246 To give anytliinjr like a correct accoiintof the quantity of produce of various kinds — wheat, tiour, pork, bi.'ef, 8ic. — raised and exported, vnuid he under tlie present order of Ihinjis uhsohitely iiiiiiossihle, as no entry is made of articles exported. It is most extraoi'dinary that no [jrovision is made hy the provineiai governnuMit for colleetinii- some account of tlie jrrain and otlier I'arminjr produce exported from tlie province, in order that iis capabilities and proirress mi^ht he jnauhlic and known to the world. At pi\'seiit, except in some locality Avhere tlie produce shijjped is lialde to harl)t)ur dues, tliere is no possihility of jirrivini; at a Uno\vled>je of the exports exee|)t fi'om the shippini: merchants. A tlateuieiit has lately heen publisiied hy the House of Assembly of certain returns nuidc to it, which contains very little real information on the subject; tliirteen paues. or about half the pamphlet Wiuii taken ujt with iiii/i'irts at the little jiort of St. Johns. In this return tiu' t-xpoits ol' wheat and flour I'rom IMonlrenl and tiuebec in 1844 arc stated at — Klour. 41.").4(i7 barrels; and wheat, 2Sii.lS.'i bushels. Now. as the ipiantity of flour and wheat that pas^ed throuj:h the Weliand Canal, the Desjardins ('anal, with that shipped from Iliiiniitoti, al(Mie amounted to — of the former, 44S,',t;)i'< barrels; and of the latter, L'.141.(i22 bushels; it is \iianifest that this amount nmst be incorrect; or what becomes of the immense (luantity of both wheat and flour shijjped from the various ports a\"\)!X the coast of Lake Ontario, iiiclu liiiir Wellinuton S(pi;ire, Oakville, Port; Credit, the llumlter. Toronto, Windsor Hiiy, () b en paitieuiarly tiie ease since the diminution of the duty ii|ion tea imported from th'' I'nited States; thus, in 1^^42 the (piaiitity of tea inqiorted into Quebec and .Montreal amounted to I.'JSO.IHO lbs. 1 in 184") it had fallen off U ro,!)!,") Ihs. In lSf4 the number of vessels an ciMphnedon the lakes and rivers above (Quebec amounted to M> steamboats, wl'.ose agfiregate tonnage amounted to 12,!^(i8 tons; ;uid 71)4 si.iling veshcls,. barges, \.c., the timnage of which was 72,842 tons; and the Property insured by the St. Lawrence Inland JIarine Assurance <'ompauy for tiic season aiuouuteit to A'44.").17<'i 5 Thi' premium on which amomite.l to 4,8.")7 11 2 'I'he amoUMi of los.ses during tile year jiaid by the Company ■"..2'.)."] 7 1 Additional lo.■^ses not yet settled, but estimated at 1,4.)U o u For many years the agriculture of the province generally Mas at a very low «tand;irl; but within the last few years it ha» be^'i-.n t<» make gri'iif advaiic*'- lui'iit''. and is beginning to keej) pai*e M-itli the inqirovements introduced into I'.ii'jriand 'ind Seoihiud. The emiiiration into tlie eoiUitry of scientific a.!;rieul- turists. M Ith the esiiil'ishmem of iinricultur.il siK-ieties. Ii;iv( been mainly instru- mental in producing' this great change; stock of ;j ditfeivnt and better desei'ip- (ion has been imi)orted. and much land that was previously considered by the «)ld ju'oprietors wiu'ii out, has been impro\ed ami brought back, by mea-is of ju lieious treatment, to its old capabilities. lu order to give uu impetus to the progress of improvuuteut in ugriciUtiirf, s, and )ioavy iich 1) jro llpOU than - tlie 1S42 ) lbs., ssi'ls mats. 5 1 U •\- low nioi'- l into 'i-icnl- nstrn- ^crip- )y the UMS of 247 and for the cncoura;;<;'mc'nt of agricultural societies in Upper Canada, an act ■was passed, wliieh provides — " 'j'liat when any afrrieuitural soeiety, for the purpose of iniportingany vahial)le s;oeU. or whatever elsi.- might eoiiduee to the improvement of agrieuhure, shall be constituted in any district in I |)per Canada, and shall make it appear, hy ot-rtifieare under the iuiiid of the tri'asur hj.> lijon aeaially suhserihed and paid to the said t.vasurcT by the several agricultural societies of .>uch district, tiie presid.'iit of the said society shall make application, enclosing the said certificate to the gove-rnor, lientenani-g<»vernor, or pirson udinluistcring the government in thi.> |)rovinee, for and in support of the said soeiety. it shall aiul may be lawful for t'\e gover- nor. liiMitciiaiit-goveriior, or person administering the government in this pro- viiu'i'. to is>U(' liis warrant to the receiver general in iavour of the treasurer of tlie said soeie(y for trei)le the aim)unt that shall have been paid or >uliseribed in such district as aforesaid: Provided always, that tlh- annual sum to be granted to each district shall not exceed the sum of i,':iji) currency. *■ That in tiie event of there being c(ninty, riding, or tow usliip agricultural societies established, there shall not he more than one county or disiiict society in each i-,)unty or riding ol any di^tiiet witliin this province, and ii proportion of the district bounty shall and may he granted to eaeii county, riding or town- ship agricultural society, and paid to them by the district society in proportion to the money that each county, riding or township agricultural society shall have suh-,crihed: Provided iie\ertiie'ess. that the w ht)le sum granti-d to the district and couniy societies together shall not exceed the sum of f'i.>() in each year; that, in the event of nu)re than f.")() being subscribed by the several socie- ties in any district, the said grant ol' .t.'2J0 sha'.l be divided to lach society in due propiirtion according to the amount of their sub>cri[itioiis respectively. " Tiiat each agricititnral society shall and may elect such olhcers and make sudi by-laws for tiieir guidance its lo iheai shall seem best tor promoting the lU- teresl^ of a;,;ricul(ure, according to the true intent and meaning oi' this act. •* That the treasurer's account of the receipts and expen,.!tniv oi" the preceding year shall, after the (ir>t year, always accompany the apphcatioii ibr grants in aid of the sal'aeli s'ssion of the provincial parliaiiivnt, a neorl of its iiroceedings, sIio\v::ii:' tiie uinount of the siib.-cription- received in the etirse of tin- year, and the .inuiini received out of the public chest, tlie expenses of liie soci.'ty, the names ol' the peis(Uis to wlioni it shall have granted premiums, the objects for wiiich such premiums ner.' ohtained, and all such other (.bs<'rvations and iiiloriiiaiiou as he suaildeeni Jik 'ly to lend to the imprnveiueiit of agriculture." 1")\ cry district now has its agricnittiral society, and premiums are given for the best articles of live or dead stock exhibiti'd a', the annual show; and at some of these agricultural meetings stoek is oeca.-ionally exhihiied w lich wmild bo no di-errace to tiie irreat caitie -how at Siiiiildield. In many disiricts there are ;uso lirantdi societies in connection with the district society. With respect to the provision made for public educaliou, from a return luade ^1 iiii'i ,i 11 .I' I In ,M i ' 248 by the ITon. Mr. Macaulay, of the 10th of August, 1841, for the general board of education, it appears that the Total quantity of land originally set apart for school purposes was 546,861 ^ Of which were appropriated — For the King's College 225,994 For Upper Canada College 66,000 291.944 Leaving reserved for Grammar Schools 254,917^ Sold under the management of the General Board of Education, up to 31st December. 1840 .'52,930^ Sold bv Col. Talbot under liis former instructions, from Jan.'lst, 1841, to Dec. 31st, 1843 1,932 .54,862 i- Amount of Grammar School Lands remaining disposable on January 1st, 1845 200,0.55 For the purposes of education a district or grammar school is established in fach district town, the master of which receives an annual jrrant of 4)100 from the government. In addition to which each township is divided into school districts, the number varying according to the size of the township and the amount of the population. Each school district has a school house erected in it, and the schoolmaster receives from the district (in addition to what he is paid by the pujiils) a certain sum per (juarter in proportion to the number of his scholars. The schools in each district are under the general superinten- dence of a district superintendent. For the support of these schools a small tax is levied upon the inhabitants. The following is the amount paid towards the support of common schools in Upper Canada, for the year 1844: Brock District ; £ 706 1 10 Bathurst do 907 9 Colborne do 564 10 8 Dalhousiedo 628 1 1 8 Eastern do !,?«: 4 I Gore do l.sil 15 7 Home do 2,952 9 3 Huron do 257 3 8 Johnstown do ].M'2 15 9 London do 1..S25 6 4 Midland do 1..37;i 18 6 Newca-stle do 1.217 6 II Niagara do 1,459 I 9 Ottawa do :V2f> 6 s Prince Edward do 601 10 4 Simcoedo 561 II 2 Talbot do 485 14 II Victoria do 587 4 I Wellington do 612 19 11 Western do I.O.'IO 17 4 Total £19,999 19 5 It is most extraordinary, so long as Canada has been settled, that its greit natural advantages should still be so little known; that so many ji> rsons w'k» are either compelled by necessity to emigrate, or who do so Cnim ehoie^-. slioiilii continue to pass it by and go on to the west of the Fnifed States, or otherwise emigrate to the more distant colonies of the Cape, New South Wales, or N<'-w fcli 249 Zealand; and yet snch is the case. Much of the emigration to the United States, however, is caused by the writings of English authors. Every now and tJieu a traveller starts for the United States witii a pocket full of money, travels over them at that season of the year wlien the appearance of the country is most captivating, becomes enchanted with the beauty of its scenery, the length of the summer, the ease with which an existence may he obtiiincd; and straight ways returns hcmie and writes a book on the subject, painting everything coiilt ur de roue. "One fool makes many ;" and many persons wliose j tidgmcnts are led astray by the fascinating descriptions of travellers, emigrate there; and it is not till too late, when the property they took with them has been all expvn(»()(); and one of his sons, previous to his death, was actually earning a livelihood by working in a brick-field. Stewart again, some years since, followed the example of Birkbeck, and wrote very tlattering accounts of the south-west, and with the same results; but he himself was not simple enough to remain there. In what respects will the advocates of emigration to the United States pretend to say that any portion of that country is superior to Canada. Is it in the climate ? A tree may be judged of by its fruits, and very Viiany of the tu.tive (Canadians, in point of robust appearance and complexion, might be taken for English emigrants. Wili any one venture to nuike the same assertion respect- ing a native of Ohio, Indiana, lllinc is, or Missouri ? .And of what avail is it that the climate will grow cotton and tobacco, if the settler neither lias tlie strength to cultivate tliem, nor a market in which to dispose of them, when grown ? In tlie winter and spring of 1841--2, pork (a staple article of the State.) was selling in Illinois, at from a dollar to a dollar and a half per Khi lbs.; aiid at that price it was almost impossible to obtain casli for it; wheat at ;i ([iiarter dollar, and indian corn from five to ten cents |)er bushel; butter, fiJtet n ai;d sixteen pounds for a doihir; fowls, half a dollar per dozen; and other fanning produce in proportion. .At such prices fanning could not In- very i)rofitabic. X man certainly might live clieaply, and cram himself with biicon and corn bread till he brought on hi i ions fever; but he could m///.'c yia/i'ii/i;/ oi' wliat he raised. And a farmer having a fat ox, has even be"n known after killing it, m tiike from it the hide and tallow, and drag the ci'rcase into the woods to bu devoured by the wolves; finding from tlie small price the beef would fetch, that it was more profitable to do so than to sell the whole animal ! Is it from the nature of tlie government, that the States are so much mon- desirable as a place of residence- -where the only law is mob liw. anil tiie bow ie knife is the constant companion of the citizens, and is used even in the halls of legislature themselves ? Or is New Ziahnid much to be pref rred. wIkiv the settler in taking his nu)rning ramble, to ae(|uire an apintite for his bn'akf;i>'t, frequently receives a " >eirler" hini-elf, ami instead o( reiurniiig to his niorni: /s meal, is roasted for the breakfast of s(mie native chief, and his interesting taniiiy. Canada, on the contrary, suffers under none of these disadvantages and anii'iy- anees. The government and constitution of the country are EiiLdisti; the laws are English ; the climate is j'ine and healthy; the Indians are toleiabiy civilized. 250 noni' of tliom at any rato arc oaiinibals, and few of them are cv . ^i.'o'-.'S! nr,<\ bow'k- knives itrc not "' tli',' fasliion." 'J'ln; settlor, unless lie has ' • K''''ty <'t' tlie f<)li_\ ct' |ilaiithifr himself down heytmd the bounds of civili/.ation and of ro:uU. ni:iy iiKmivs eoMimaiid a I'aii' i)i'iee and cash for whatever he can raisi- l)e 1.^ !>• neednev -r Oe itiyomi ti:e ri';:eli of nii(lifat; ly eareful and indusii'ious, he need have no a'lixiety for t!ie i'ntiir.'- his sons, ^irowii.j;' up in and with the eminiry, and as tliey grow, acpiirii knowledge of the coinitry and its cnst(>ni>, and the various modes ^A' doing h!i-.iness in it, if steady, will have no dilHeuliy in sue- Ceedinr in any business tliey may select, or may he ipialified for, ■Mui'li ii;is been wi'illen oa tile suhjeet of emigratioii, and many speeiilatioiis entered into as to ir/ia are lli tJiat can lie uiveii lo i e proj)er persons to emigrate 'I'l le only answer j)ers()n wiio :s dmi lis (pustion is — thosv who arc i)hli'jvd to do no. l,et no '■<■// at liome, no matter wliat may be liis pr()fe>sioii o oi'dipaiimi, emigiMte with the expeelation of doing /jcZ/e/', — let him not leave h.^ lio;;i • and trave, (U'er tile world, in seireii of advantaii'es wliieii lie iii.iv nut fi.id e.s'wiieie. Ihit tliose who are //o/doiii"- well, wiio iiiid itilitlieult tosliiii;i;lt' against inere.ising eompetition. wiio fear the loss in business of what little pro- p 'rty the\ pi a])p.'arane.'s as tliev 1 or wiu) find it dillienlt witli an increasing family to keep np un e l)een aeeiisionied to (h), and find it neee.-sarx t(/ make a ciiange — all these may >aieiy emigraie, with a fair jirospeet of impruving tlulr condiiioii. Persons oi small, indep'iideiit ineomes may live cheaply in Canada, partieulariy in llie country, and enjoy many comforts, and even luxuries, that •w.'iv not within tlieir reach a!, Iiome. llelired military men do not generally make 1:00 1 s tiliTS. 'l"iie\ iisuaUy. when tliey leave the army, sell out, instvLid of r.'tiiing oa hail' pay; and wiieii they emigrate tlii'y are a]it to sipiaiider their property in piireha.ing laml and in building, till at length they come to a stand f(>r want uf liie mvan., to proceed, fivipientlv with their bnildinus hall-finished, ■ ■ - - • - ■ \ In from l).'iiig planned on ioo large a scale; although, if they iiad beeii asi;e( tiie eoniuieneemeiit how they intend"d to ///•*' when the ready money was exjiende I. tiiev would have been nmible to give an intelligible answer. Iftluy succed in getting some government otfice, the emoinments of which are sulii- c'. 'Ut for tiieir support, they will manage to get along very we!!; otherwise tiay i(ilc ■\v.ll siid< ar.eliu.llv lower and lower, and their eh •n are apt to get mti and dissip'ted habits. 'I'lie idie and inactive life to which they Jiave bieii atcuseimied while in tlioarmy. partlcnlari\ during these "piping times of peace,'" totally ineapacitaf's tliem for making good settlers in the backwoods. A ii-^'iic.ss ill CiiiKida. TS'aval officers, on the li df'H'lllIt 111, llils II > I) I'v ditfreiii character. '.u:iiniri\ ini'i'ss in contrary, make -etiers of .i tonu'd, wic'ii 01) service, to a lii'e of aclivitv service, tlie\ ha -.e ^< T lev av. heeii aeciis- an d if thev have been Ion" on eiierally s.-en a areat deal of the world — they iiave their half-pay to fail back on, which fortniiat. ly tor tiiem tliey cannot sell — and they gjnerally ni.ike very excjden! settlers. Lawyers are not Avanted: Canada swarms witii them; and they iniiliiply in tlie province so fast, that the deniaiid is not li\ a ly m aiis eipuil to the siijiply. Medical men may find many open- ings ill thj country, w!ier« they wdl have no diHienlty in making a tolerable living; but ihey will h.'ve to work b ir;i for it. having freipi.-ntly to ride fifteen, twenty-tive. or i veil tliiity mil > to see a paiieiitl And in the towns, the coiu- j)jiitio:i is as gri'Ht as m iMiglam;. Weavers are gemnily snpposjd to b", from the nature of their previous tx'cupation, unfilled to turn tanners in the backwoods. This is entirely u niisiaki'. .\li,ioii,:!i they may not for some time make good choppers, as no old-eountrynian d^es at first (and some never ac(piire the art), still they are very ca|>a!ile, us soon as they have got a little insight into the proper modi of managing and working a farm, of taking aud cuitivatiug cleared or partially 251 rU»;iro(i fiinns — wliii-h may always bo o])taiiU'd f(; ivnt. or fanii on sliiircs. A gooil proof of tins Dcciirrtil a short time siiict' in tlu' \\\'.->ti'rn Distrii'i. wlu-re two \iiiiiiir iiu'ii. (wt'avi'i's from PaisK-y ). look a farm on sIkhv'"-. on tlic liivt-r 'J'lianus; ami l)(. tort' it liuil hoin in tlicir oi'dipalion a year and a half, il was dounrr ami in l)ftter eon> lioiny on i'Xl(.'n>ivi'iy — nnu'li of it in ilic tov u> of Monc; anone hi'tte's larue .Map of Canada, seven feet h\ fon;': li;(iili:n'> lai tiie Nia'-'ara, (iore. and \N Clliimion Hisiricis; i • iiiiai'( I iV i'arrs" .M ip ol tlie Western District; and I was compelli'd to lithojrupli the map for the (iazeiteer, an en^iraver capable of cxecntinu' the work, williin reae.ii. This is a i)rai'cli of the arts mneli wanted in Canada. M: ;is are in "'reit ('i"n;in! d, nd ar; diliunlt to procure, in conse- •jueiiee of the tronhle of uetlnif:' tiie plates eiiirraveil; it beinv; iieees.-i\ely in Caiiaiia. and tliat most arlieles are to be boii,nht as cheap there as in Mngiand. wlt!i merely the addition ol the expense of carna'i'c: and as on iii'iny arlieles tin duly is coiisiderabiy lower in Canada than in I'aifi- laml. they are lo tn' ]airchased ai a less [irice. One wlndvsale house alone, is undri'siood to I'ave imporud iioo.i.-. diiriiiii' the seasi)ii of ls44, to tlie anionni of ii :iii,U(ii). Otiier parties, siipposiiiL'' tliat fnrniinre must neees>aril_\ be exjien- sive in a new country, bring out all the old Imnb.T they can lay iheir iuinds on. .Some even carry their loily to the extreme o!' carr\ ing out with them their heavy kitchen tables and dressers, ir>n'i' school-room desks, i^c. — (do they llincy tiinbvT is .vf'((/'rc ill Caiiada'r) and find, lo their ;istoiiisiiment and vexaiinn when (iiey arrive at 'J''( n much in(>re to iheir advanta:."e to iiave made a bonfire of their i;-oods and cl'.niels llu,n to have bi-eniiht them across the Atlantic. Coiniiioii fnriiitnre of all kinds is remarkably eluap: and that of a superior kind is considerably lower in price than the same iinalitv in Kngland r-iniurants cominir out to (Canada, usually commit some very great mistakes ; tlicsc ure, loitering about the large tuwus. ^jarchu::iug luud bvturc ihc) kiiuw iis ■ t I' :• ^ ^ j ■ I I 252 value, hnyinff more land than they are ahle to cultivate properly, ard enterirji? into speculations they know notliinfr whatever about. We will take tiiese in order as they stand ; In the first place, an emigrant, coniiufr out with perhaps a larpt family and small means, wishes to ptu'eiiase land with the intention of fanning, and of course wants it as cheap as he can procure it, at the same time it is an object with him to spend as little in looking for it as possible. He does not consider that by staying in a large town he defeats these objects, as his expenses in a large town are ecmsiderably liiglicr than they would be in {\w country, and be is apt to be led insensibly into extravagancies, which in the country he woidd avoid. In a large town he cannot stay in a first-rate tavern for less tiian from a dollar to a dollar and a half per day. while in the country he may board in a bouse equally respectable, with aectnuniodation in every resi)ect equal, and a good table, for from two and a half to three dollars jK-r week J again, in a town be has not the opportunities of hearing of land to be purchased cheap ; and land in the neiglibourbood of large towns is alway> rati d higher, than land oftbesanu', or perhaps better (juality, situated a few miles distant. No emigranl, unless lie has plenty of money to spare, should stay a fiinirle day upon the road till he arrives at Toronto, unless lie has previously nuide uj) bis mind to settle in the Victoria, Newcastle or C'olborne districts, (or has friends residing east of Toronto whom he wishes to visit), in wliieli case he should make his way as (piickly as |)ossible to IJelleville, ("obourg, I'trt Hope, or IVterborougli. If he wishes tosefile in the neighbourhood of Toronto, he should take up his quarters in a respectable tavern on Yistriet, lu* may pnxv .mI direct to Niaurara or '^ueensfon, by steamboat fro;n Tit Dover mi Lake Krie. from wlieiice he may visit '^inicoe. N'ittiiiia. and ntliev villaiies in the iieigbbourliood. SbouM he fiiiil nothing to suit liini tln-re, !\ ■ w.\\ r t: ce bi-; steps to Hamilton or Uranfford, and brik nv«r the Mrocu District, t. i>t waste bis lim.' ard means in wandering over thai portion of the ••onutry m liere he has no ivti "tinn of fixing himseU', but proceed at once to Loiuloa or '"liatluim. KroU' l.(vi(i(>n lie may vihit Delaware. St. Thomas, Port Sianl.v. Kilwortb. WestMiiitsfi r. Wardssille. the setilcmeiits on the mail to riiattiam. f t!ie Thames, he may look along Hear ("lei k. the towi-bins bordering on lake Krie. the Uiver St. Clair, and the foiitheru piUtiou of Luke Huron ; in every township of which iu' may pur- 25.3 to to ir\' iiri'8 in trt or tM lu" to ay iid ;ir- , rii hji ■,d St. oil !of h.T •.ul nn^r till' ■ur- chase land of the finest qualitv. at a very low rato. To look over the latter portion of the district lie should Hx his tiniirtt-rs at Port Sarnia. In the second place, no eniifrrant should i>urchast' land till he has been siitK- ciently h)n}j; in the country to know its vaine. A person piirchasinir land iinnK'diately on his arrival is certain to ]ia\' at least one-third more for it than h? would after he has been in the country for some tim •. If lie has capital, and e;'n att'ord to remain idle for six moaihs, let him cstahlisli iiim-elf at some respectable tavern in a villa^re in that part of the country he thinks he woidd prefer residiu'^- in; he will there have an op(K)rtuni:v e.f loo!. in;;- about him. and ni!i;i its relative I the farmers, li- will "et an insi;;ht into the mode (»f seeini^ the ipiality of the land in the neii;'ilx>ur!ioo(l, ami I -ar valur IS v mixmj^ amonj farming in the |irovince. the cheapest nx-thod cf cleariiiii iannd becoming capable of nninaging on.- himsilC. he w ill !iu\e no dillieiilty in pro- curing one to rent or tiirin on slmres; ;(nii in course of time, it he is caieful and iiiJustiious, he will be enabled to purchase one for himself, lie will have a<'i|U!re(l hi'' knowledge and e\|ierleiice of the snbjcef \r;tliout anj expense to Itiiiis -If, and will be the better jible to take advaiKage of wh.it he has learned. In the third place, a farmer, who ia Ivigland wmilil consider that to farm well a;;(l profitably he ought to have a<'ai>ital io stiirt with of at least C4 or L'> for each acre of liMid he intended to cultivate, will emigrate w it!i the remnant of his properi). amounting to jierhaps t'4(Mi or (.'.''•mi, or ft. (id. This would enable h III to take :i fiirm in ('aii;ida, stock it well, and farm it well; to live comt.irtu- hiy, pay the rent, kei p his produce till the state of the markets » 'ial)led him to neil it at a [irofit, and in the cour>e of ilve or si.x years lo save sufficient to fiir- cf.isc a good cleared farm, free from all incumb|•anee^. Uut il l^ will not suit him. the man who has been accustonicd all his lite to r. nt land, the mo- iiu'lit he jilaees his toot on Ainerieaii si>riito/. The consecpieiu'e is, tliat finding land ,'asily acipiired. he piirclnises a funn worth three, or four, or five times the amount of the whole of his c;ii>itiil; pays an insuilmeMt on it, and flivi! lias not siiirieieiit cash left to stock hi* tiirm properly. lie is cotise- ipicntl) eoiiipclled to purohnse live stock of un inferior ifiiality, and iii(*uf- ficieiit in number -he is unable to emjiloy labour on hi> (arm. when it wonid be pndilable for htm to do so -he is ohiiued to go into debt to the stores and conseipieiitly must part with his grain the moment it is oil i he ground, in or rent, instead of piirciusing. No pe^^?'tl Hhoi,'UI purehus more land than he m I - or citariiifr land, innncdiatoly on tneir arrival, purcliasi- u lot of wild land, lookint:; imrcly at ilu' clu-ai) rato at wliioli it is to In- hoii:ilit, witli(»ut any consideration olwhut it is liki'ly i(» t-ost tluni beiorc tlic stnniii^ ait' out. Tin >e poncrallv nd in tin.- i-nd that it wonid iuixu hvrii nin li hctter for tlmn Had tiicy jinrrliaM d land partially diari'd. lint it is cxcivdinjily ddiiculi to coii- vinof a newly arrived fnii;trant of tliis fact. *' A iiriin roiivinci'il ;i;,m list bU will, l< ol ihi- I iMJoii »lill. And fo it proves. Afany of fluMn arc not wiUinir to profit by tlu- ('xp( rijeit. relates to iliosi- pi rsons who eiune o»it willi a CMtain anuinni ot capital wtr.cli they wish to invest |)roiietl.in'j' -.vhieh they do n«)t nndersiaiid - perhaps pureh.isi' crmct'rn w iieli Ilu- o« n r lias foinid to i>e iiinndiKiltli', and is tlu rrfure s(.nit! ad to ])art w:i li; .md in a short liiiie thcv are ohii'iid in their tern to .-ell «uit. after h;ivin;; ir,c(irreeiter what spei ulations will til Ol tlu.se who have In'cn out only a lew weeks, cr at most months; e eoiieern witiiont rceeiviiitt answtr tin <'rv losin:/ v.(,i,crrn in the hanils of a stiaii^ir. In L'eiural, ( mniraets with capital V, no, iiave j;rowinp up sons, will fiiul it far 1" Iter to invt M their capital ill good seeiirities, and live upon the interest, while '.li-'y place their sons in some flood httiises ol busiiuss; and in the et.urse of u lew y tars, m hen tiitsv scnis have a' ijiiireil a knowkduc of the coiniiu rcial idlairs of llie province, llicy Will be eiiabk'd to rt :ili/. ' haiidsi iiir | lotils on (lie eapii.d, wh.eii, if their \mIm, tk bad spi euiiilid W it!i. lle-v would ;no>t as-undlv, have lost. With respect to those portions of the prounce in winch it is desiiiiblc for thv oniiirrant to pmchase land, much will depeid upon vurloiis cireninstaiiois; as, if! le IS el ibir Kii'jlisli, lri»h, or Scotch, he \» id iiio-t ikely j rel'er ^eitllng iiiiamg bis ov. n eoiiiitrymeii. .*»oinetliiiiL' al.-o w ill iK jKiid u| on tin anfouit u\ cainlal he has to 'i!\est. There is on ■ ponit howev r. inn I, win ti lie fmls hithi^cli ttloii" in iIh' wi od.s. and no nei;.;lili'.iiis w'.tl.di convi il. nl i' cl:. He is aj t in «u«di a cafe to b.- away from l.on e inori ihan is pn fnahle eillur !(;:• ii.n sell « r lii.s faiiii. Atid ilu re" is I. o occasion !or this, as in «(> district of the prov. nee need a man buy land lU a ur-.ai'r v!iutai;c> than a mile frcipi u citartd taim. Uv iiiakiKir propi r imp' ncs the <'i. m\ anh for it, ix worth more (bun tour tinus the tpiiiniiiy. at twnc or tlie di-taiice; ami ai the i tid of i< n or twei\e s«ar;,iie >»ill wiuraHy d that the I Ou acres lias mcreasid in value m< r< than the 4(Hi. nc^le m ^•tfm'!;il bavi* u ^Ttat pcnchtuit lor piircliusiiitr land .iilier on h loi.d r.r u iivi u id th'' ddl'erence in |. rice on that acci.um, is eonK«|H< ntly V'fy i^n at , a'.tboMfrU l.O'iueutly the land m the back lot* will be of beuer qn-l.t/ ihi*D i'. \\ ^ '" • rr .llltl llitar \- i'i- ,Jly 11*' tn < I'l . To such nn o-^'rorri" is tliis onrriffl, tlmt land fiicin^' on a roml «iil (Vciini'ntlf ho valu.'d at twi'lvo or filtton dolhii's j)i'r ac fc. whili- ilial in the m, xt (•(Hiocssiori (littlo luorf.' than a niilf) hack, may \)v niuclir.scd ai iVoni 1 \ to .'t dmiaiN. I^and in Canada is valiicd, not accordir.g to its (|uaiity, bni tiain ly a<<'onlinir to its licaliiy and otlicr (•■rcui'isinn.'rs. 'I"lin<. it" a t" w wndthv M'llli'r> Ji\ iluin^civcs in lUiy jianii'idar locality, and inaki' coiisidciMliU- 'niiTowntcnis. t!i.. m i'^lilxiur- hood bcvHiiK's .!ii\li)rr(itii\ and land in liu- vicirity rises in valiu' acc<>rdiiiL''iy. T'lns, t'arms in tin* uciLihbourliood of \Vi>(( $")(» |)fr acre; whili- I'arnis equal in ni,irki-ts, may l>e ]nirciiasid in ilic l.o lor as r.vrard.s iMlon am I W tern iJisii-' IC! lor lt'S> tlian nail the snm. .Ml lands in the possession of tiio niMiuii s ihiitv 11 -r e>''it. If lie jiVts it at a iV'hietion of tweiiiy-hve per e, nt.. nis l.ii..l (sni'po>in;r lie pur- cliiises Crown lands) will only cost him »!. ■r acre, which is .'ts than tl I,. ;,r()verniiiem tuiee of land tfie liiited .*s|,ii(s. 'I' n at ler s! Mild particularly notice this fact, '^reiit sire. is laid lis V. liters on (.m* jnited Mates, upon tlie /,. I irirr iit wliien land is to he iioiii'lit of thi' '^iovfrii- liient there, while tiie Crown lands 'M Canada are really to l» honuhl at ;i less pr:ce; a:id there are about -J.."}!)!).!)!!!) acres in I'pper Can.ida alotp'. air; ady siir- Vi'ved io he disMosed ot;it this price, ext'lusivi-ol the cler;jy reservi-s. An a-jent ii|j,'oiiit"d for tiie sale of iliese lands in eaeli di-tr.et. wii ie iiiinie will 'ic found uiidi-r tiie head of the di>irlc!, and the (piaiiuty of landfor sale in eaeli lownsiiip wi;i h- found iiiiih'r tlie hi ad of the township. Fo" tlie uuid.ine"' of emi.raiits. it may lie as i\ell to statt- liie avi'ra'.;e v.nluv ot'la'h! ill "ach of tlie dislr'.cis w liich they will he most iikiiy to settle in- | re- nii-^iua tliat tiuse are uie prices at w Iiieli tlb- land i:^ to lie piiieha.-od ot prix.ite iiidividuaU, and I'.iat frcpien ly a farm may In- ohiaiiied at a cou.Mderably lower rat/, in the Victoria District land umt ihc 'ront may ju'ciieiMlly I>e piir- ciiased a^ fro»ii four n ten do!lai's m •re fir w'id laud, and for eiillivated far. us viae;;dini.c iiuil<'iii^s) I'lMiii ;«inly lo ;:drl\-iive dollars p 'r acre; and in tl:-' hack towiisliips at fr.'iii one to !our ('oiiars lor wli<' ' i, ;iml from ei.i'.hi to twenty tor ciiltlv.iii d. in liie iSewe..-ile Distrn-t. in i..e Hist rai ue of town- sli.pd, wild 'and "ill he worth Iroei fi'c to ten dollarN. and eiiitivat'd from iwt nly to v<'w<\ ; a d ill tin iW II- :i' loiii two lo live ilolj.irs for >vild !:uid, and from twelve to tweiity-tive fm* cultivated -some few farms in the iii'itilibeiirh.iod of ['(U't Hope and Cobonrj, imiy be \ allied as hiuh as I'oilx or fifty ilolhirs. In tlie Colboriu' District wild land in the iieigliboiirliood of I' terboroii'.'!! will 1k' w.irth iroin !lv" t-i lU^eeu dollar*, and ciili'v.ited t'rom ten to ihiriy, aeei>rdiii;j lo nituatioii and disttiiice from the town; and wild laiid tit a ilistaiice may lie ohtaaied at .ioin one to tlireeih. liars, |ntl,eio\\nsliip>of \\ hii' \ , l'\v\x< riii .."^e.irlioromrh, M >rkham. W'liitchiieli, Vork, Vaiijiian. tl. • tVoni of kiiii>-, Toronto ;iml Cliin- IPMkcou -y, cleared farms will nnue I'roin t^siiny to fit'ty tiolla"H per acre, aecerd- ii'/ u> Nitiialioii, ivc, aii.'i w.ld hind at I'l'oui li n to twelve — wah the exception ly to the Siiiieo-- D -tnet. In llie tiore DiMriel, with the exception ol" llie iioi-tjj of tile (owusliips of N.i»sa'jtawi'ya .ind I'.M|uei»iiiir. Inn I will he jtnieruHy fiillicr- ' ,:li; Wild la. id will .aiijre iroiii six lo tift.eii dollar-, und chartil farion from tweritv -tiv.' lo fi.i;, dcllars In the Wellinjrton Disiiiet cliuivd farniH iii tli ■ towiintops <■'•' ' ' 'i. Waterloo and I'lislnuh. will l-e worth from tift. i n to folly d^>i!ar^. an i itiH from five lolilteeii; ;ind in the iiorihern townships they wdl vur) . .«<•, n-'lin'r t • (heir remoteness, from (iie to four dollars for wild, ttiiii fruin ton :•. twei't)r-livf lur eiiltivutid. In the Ma.'.'ara lluiltiut wild htnU i 1*1 m t>56 will vary from three to t'.-n, and cultivated farms troin ten to forty dollars per ucre. In the 'I'alliof District from two to six dollars for wijil, and from eii;Lt to twH-nty-tive for cicari-d land. In the Hnirk District, from four to eiirht dollars for wild land, and from twenty to Mfiy for cultivated. In the Huron District prices vary aceordinjr to locality, with the exci jifion of the two froverniueat townships (Ashfielfl and Wawanosh), where all the laud (wild) is rated at 8*. curn-ney. In the I<(ini!(m District, in the neifjhhourhiXKl of London. Delaware aiid VV.>tniinst('r, and ixUm^: the road to I'ort ."Stanley, wild laud will be worth from ti VI' to eiirht dollars, and cultivated from twenty to forty; in the more r.iuote townships the price will be about half. Ahmii the road from London to ('h ithani. ami .>ionN back they are to be bonf.rht for half In the back townships l)etv.een the Thaints and I.ake I'.rie. ami also in those on Bear Cri ek, laud of line (piality may be puichased at fnun one to three dollars per acre. On the Kiver St. Clair there is bu* little wild laiid. at least, close to the river, and that is wor.h ten dollars pi" ..rher. All einiitrauts in want of information or eiii|)loymcnt on the ir arrival at Kiii;j'st » » whieh settlers maj be de.sirtus of proceecliug. E'likjiant Aijtnls.-W 11. ilurko, Mytowii; W. J. McKay, Cobourg and I'lrt Hope; K. McKiderry, Toronto; J. II. Palmer, Iluiu.lion; A. i). ilawke, junior. Fort St::: iey. All indiifeut emigrants requiring medical assistance may obtain it gratis, on application i<> Dr. K. V. Corilaudt, iJytown ; Dr. T. W. Kobison. Kingston: (leii 'I'al liopital. Toronto; or Dr. W. (i. Dickin.sou, Hamilton. In order to guird against all misapprehension as to tlu- assistance which the emigrant agents are aiitliori>ed to giant, emigranis an- distinctly inform d. tluit th" ( ! .'itns of the destitute who laud in Canada d*'.ring (h<- current season only will 1m' admitted, and that no able-b(Klied person, unless burthcued with a heip- li ss I'ainily, will W I'luitied to as-istaiK'e in any torin. The following isa statement of the niimberotfinigrunts who arrived at Quebec, fnmi tile }ear is4(i to l^4;>, both inclusive: — ri'iii'i of I'l'imrtiirc. IH40. England and Wales \^^fu Ireland ; IWJl Seotland I U44 N. w Uriinswick. Nova Scotia, and I'orts on St. Lawrence , "iM <"oiiiinenial I'oris ; IMI. IS42. 5;»70 18317 3539 240 viwn 2.'i.-).T_' eti'j.') .'i.'iti 1M3 (•4!»«t ."iou*; 41»4 IM4. <».")-iH 582 IM-I.'.. wa2:)4 2.'<0t"i 44;»74 21727 22210 21^2^0 257 CO H 2 H u sj". «c>'»frtC:cr^'rtOo>*» — ^"- .>i « — • rt i>. c-. a>r>.r»--«»a»'N. 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These Lists comprise only the Magistrates who have actually qualified, and are capable of acting, with the exception of those for the Ottawa, Western, and Johnstown Districts — which include the whole number of names in the com- iniBsion — the names of those magistrates who had actually qualified, not having been returned, up to a late date, to Montreal. Magistrates who have qualified in the Bathurst District. John G. Malloch. . Alex. McMillan... Rod'k Matheson... Alex. Fraser .Anthony Leslie ... Henry Glass John Ferguson ... Donald Fraser Matthew l^each ... Geo. Tenant John Hall John Smith James Wylie Joshua Adams ... W. P. Loucks W. Brooke James Shaw Wm. Simpson John Haggart James Rosamond.. Peter Mucgregor. . Robert Bell Perth. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Do. Lanark. Do. Do. Do. Do. Ramsay. Bathurst. Elmsley. Burgess. Elmsley. Do. Perth. Beckwith. Do. Cafleton Place. J no. L. McDougall Alex. MeDonell... John Bell Wm. Wallace JohnDoran Thos. McCaffray.. W. G. Wylie Patrick Campbell. Henry Aith Wm. Allan Geo. Kerr John J}aldersou ... Robert Davies ... (^olin McLaren ... Wm. Houston Wm. Richards ... H. Ayton Wm. Halfpenny... J no. Robertson ... Wm. Rae John Canboy Horton. JIacNab, Perth. Ramsay. Perth. Drummond. Ramsay. Bathurst. Horton. Drummoud. Perth. Drummond. Beckwith. Do. Ramsay. Drummond. Do. Lanark. Darling. Ramsay. Beckwith. Magistrates icho have J. Vining John Scatchard ... Philip Graliam ... John Hutch Arch. Burtch C. Martin E. Harris John G. Vansittart E. Deedes P. Carroll F. D. Fauquiere. . , R. Riddull John Harringtou.. J. D. Dent W. Gordon John Carroll Nissouri. Do. East Oxford. Do. Do. West Oxford. Do. Do. Do. Do. East Zorra. Do. Do. Wust Zorra. Do. Do. qualified in the Brock District. G. W. Whitehead. Burford. R. Bounds Do. L. Daniels Do. Jiimi'S Oswald Do. Joliu Moore Do. E. Hutlcr Blandford. R. R. Hunter Do. John .Vrnold Do, J. Bodwell, Jun.... Dereham, B. Van Norman... Do. John Eddy Oakland. M. Johnston Blenheim. N.Piekle Do. J. Jaeks(m Do. J. Wood row Norwich. J. G. Losee Du. ^ I I 1 * \m %\ '■a'. i (1 tiii !.■ 'i :ii-' t 1 r jlli ly- 268 Magistrates who halve qualified in the Colhome District. ■Jos. L. Hughes ... Emily. Chas. Rubidge ... Peterboro'. William Dixon ... Smith. Richard Birdsall.. Asphodel. "Wm. Best Emily. Francis Connin ... Otonabee. - John Gilchrist ... Otonabee. Hon. T. A. Stewart Douro. - Samuel Davidson., Mariposa. Thomas Need Vei'ulam. Patrick Sullivan... Ennismore "^ Andrew S. Eraser. Peterboro*. James Foley Asphodel. Thomas Choat ... Dummer. Stephen Nicholls.. Smith. James Wallis Peterboro'. Alex. Campbell ... Eldon. Adam Stark Otonabee. John Langton ... Fenelon. Robert P. Madge.. Do. Robt. Deuistown.. Magistrate Do. s icho have qualijied in the Dalhousie District. W. Thompson ... Nepean. Stephen Collins ... Nepean. John Richey Fitzroy. ** Arch. McDonell... Osgoode. ; W.Campbell Marlborough. ^ G. Lyon Richmond. John McNab Osgoode. W. H. Thompson. Bytown. W. B. Bradley ... Huntley. John Buckham ... Torbolton. W. Stewart Bytown. Daniel O'Connor.. Bytown. - Kd. M. Barrie ... Smith's Falls. John Chitty Bytown. ' Alex. McDonell... Osgoode. ^ Donald Mc Arthur Bytown. _ Daniel Burrit Marlborough. ^ Simon Fraser Bytown. James Stevenson.. Bytown. Robert Sherriti' ... Fitzroy. Henry Harmer ... Osgoode. Fred. Bearman ... Nepean. G. W. Baker Nepean. John McNaughton Bytown. _ Hamnet Pinhey... March. John Eastnum ... Marlborough. David McLaren... Torbolton. W.B. Bradley, jun. Huntley. i John B. Lewis ... Magistral Richmond. I es who have quah fied in the Eastern District. yl George S. Jarvis . . Cornwall, town. "William Mattice... Cornwall, town. Phil. Vankoughnet Do. Martin Carman .. Williamsburgh. -> John McGillivray Charlottenburgh. Hugh ^IcCargar. Mountain. ^ John Chrysler ... Finch. .Jacob Brouse JNIatilda. Duncan McDonell Cliarlottenburgh. George Mark ley.. Willianisburgh. Guy C.Wood Cornwall, town. ^ Isaac Keeler Matilda. ^ A. Blackwood .. Do. township. Charlottenburgh. > Robert K. Bullock Osnabruck. ^ Hugh McGillis ... D. E. Mclntyre... Charlottenburgh. ; Peter Shaver Matilda. * John McHae Do. John McDonald... Cornwall,townshij[>. D. A. ]Mc Donald.. Lochiel. i John McLennan.. Lancaster. Alexander Fraser Do. John Cameron .. Cliarlottenburgii. ' Alixandcr M'Lean Cornwall, town. John Archibald .. Osnabruck. ^ Adam ( 'ockl)mn.. Finch. 1 ' D. ,T:. McDonell. Cornwall,t()M-nship. Isaac N. Hose Williamsburgh. William Clevi Do. town. ... Cluirlcs .1. Fox ... Winchester. John McBeim Lancaster. (Jeorge Laing Do. "^ Donald Catfaiiacl 1 Kenyon. B. (;. French CornwaII,township. Alexander McNat » Lochiel. ^ Hon./Ale.x, Frasei Legislative! 'ouncil. \ 1 ^ Anguii Cattuuach Lancaster. , 269 Ma(^istratfs who have qualijied in the Gore District. John Aikman Ancaster. W. McKay Nelson. N. Bell Do. J. W. Williams ... OakviUe. *• Alex. Roxburgh .. Hamilton. Arthur Bowen ... Ho. "^ H. T. Harwood ... Trafalgar. '• 1>. K. Servos Barton. Alfred Digby Hrantford. ^ John Williamson.. Saltfleet. James Racey Brantford. John Secord Barton. W. B. Proctor ... Do. 'John Willson Saltfleet. Hugh Creen Esquesiiig. "" ^ James B. Ewart... Dundas. , Andrew T. Kirby. Flamboro' West. Hiram Smith Wellington Square. Elisha Ringham... (Jlandford. Wm. Gourlay Saltfleet. V Tliomas Fyfe Esijuesing. Alex. Proudfoot... Trafalgar. "^ Hugh Willson Saltfleet. > (ieorge Stanton ... St. George. ^ N Andrew Steven ... Hamilton. ,» Henry Morgan ... Binbrook. Ed. Thomas Neison. '^ ~" Alex. Mc('ann ... NassagaAveya. ^ " John Smith Paris. Robert Holt Dundas. John T. Howell... Trafalgar. D. R. Springer ... Nelson. Charles Sovereign. Trafalgar. ' William Walker... Brantthrd. > Joseph Spencer ... Dundas. John Paterson ... Do. J. S. Wetenhall,... Binbrook. A. K. Smith Do. A. (-ook l?rantford. ^ *^a:lluel Mills H:imilton. Ebenezer Stinson.. Do. Samuel Clarke ... Trafalgar. >. (I, H. Armstrong. Hamilton. Nathan Gage Brantford *' ^ John W. Hunter... Do. N E. Willson Trafalgar. W, B. Vauevery... Barton. * Charles Kennedy.. Esipiesing. ^ H -my Movie...'.. Bnmtford, Elijah Secord l?arton. ^ K'iy-K. Buchanan... Brantford. Joiin Wetenhall.,. Nelson. > Th;is. Hunimill ... Ancaster. P. Cooley Do. John A. Wilkes... Brantford. James Winniett ... Do. P. Kennev Trafalgar. E. C. Griffin Flamboro' East. George Chalmers.. Trafalgar. Thomas Racey ... Dundas. Alex. Robertson... Esfjuesing. Robert Heslop ... Ancaster. James (Jleaver ... Nelson. Geo. Hogaboom... Ancaster. C. C. Ferrie Hamilton. W. Bowman Dundas. John Winer Hamilton. John Young Do. Archibald Kerr... Do. David Buchan ... Paris. Edward Jackson... Hamilton. John White Trafalgar. C. Hopkins Nelson. G. Hopkins Flamboro' Ea»t Samuel JJowman.. 'JVafalgar. J limes Applebee... Do. Edward Evans ... Flamboro' East. P. D. Hart Brantford. Wm. Mackleni ... Barton. J. C. Wyld Do. H. Smith Do. A. Shade Gait. W, Barber Estiuesing. B. McKay Do. H. Capron Paris. P. Spaun JJarton. John Buck George IJrown ... Milton. P. Fisher Nelson. Edmund Richie... Hamilton. H. Biirgar lirantford. J. P. CJage Wellington Sqian?. D. McNab Hamilton. A. Elliott Gait. Trafalgar. George (Mialmer.s.. William Craigie... Trafalgar. Hamilton. Moyist rates ivho haw (jualijicff in the Home District. Wni, Allison Markham. Jniiu iiutton Do. C. Cuautu-ey Do, R .>b';rt I'ampbell... Do. U. «.'. ('upper Do. vS. Holden Markham. C. J. Baldwin Toronto Gore. Alex. Burnside ... Do. City. Charles Rerezy ... Do. Thos. Bell Do. m i ■..I,- '1: ^ M 'I "HI I LiU !J •lit ':io ^m \l 270 ' II W. A. Baldwin ... Toronto City. Daniel Brooke ... Do. .Tames Beaty Do. R. E. Burns Do. J. G. Chewitt Do. G. T. Dennison ... Do. John Doel Do. P. Freeland Do. J. G. Howard Do. Thos. Helliwell ... Do. S. G. l.ynn Do. J. Lesslie Do. George Monro ... Do. James Nation Do. M. J. O'Beirne ... Do. W. L. Perrin Do. T. J. Preston Do. J. Radenluu'st Do. Thos. G. Ridout... Do. Geo. P. Rido'jt ... Do. Robert S. Jameson Do. John Eastwood ... Do. J.Rogers Do. L. O'Brien Do. H.Scobie Do. J. M. Strange Do. W. Wakefield Do. Geo. Bell Caledon. Wm. Clark Do. D. McQuarrie Do. J. Brett Mono Mills. John Boyer Whitchurch. John Bogart Do. M. P. Kmpey Do. James Gamble ... Do. John Maclem Do. E. IJirrell Pickering. A. Campbell Do. Wm. Dunbar Do. L. Mackey Do. F. Campbell Chinguacousy. John Lynch Do. W. Crewe Cooksville. W. Clarke Scarboro'. W. Davinish Do. P. Secor Do. John Thorn Do. John Campbell ... Whitby. James Dry den ... Do. W. Dow, Jun Do. John Farquhnrson Do. A. Farewell Do. A. Mason L>o. W. F. Moore Do. Edward Skae Do. U()l)ert SjK'ars Do. J. T. Somcrville... Do. J. B. Warren Do. P.Whitney Whitby. W. Corley St. Vincent. T. P. Cooper Do. Thomas Fisher ... Etobicoke. W. Gamble Do. John Grubb Do. P. Shaver Do. J. Graham East GwillimburT. S. Harrold Do. J. JE. Irving Do. W. Reid Do. A. Hurd Reach. W, Johnson Georgina. Robert Johnston... Do. Thos. Mossington Do. M. McDonagh ... Thorah. A. McMillan NorthGwillimbnry, John Prosser Do. A. Smalley Do. James Monkman. . Albion. S. B. Sterne Do. James Patterson... Streetsville. John Sanderson... Do. S. E. Phillips King. N.Pearson Do. H. Stewart Do. J.Cook Toronto township, J. Gardiner , Do. John Hawkins ... Do. B. Monger Do. W. B. Reeve Do. A, Silverthorn ... Do. W, Thomson Do. J. W. Taylor Port Credit. E. W. Thomson... Toronto township. J. Cummer York. W. Campbell Do. James Davis Do. J.Dennis Do. F. Jackes Do. P. Lawrence Do. John S Macaulay. Do. W. C. Rotchford.. Do. Charles Thompson Do. John Willson Do. W, Bagshaw Brook. M. Cowan Do. James Rickey Do. John Truax Do. F. Boyd Vaughan. R. Burr Do. John W. Gamble Do. W. II. (Jraham ... Do. H. McQuarrie ... Do. D. McDrmgiill ... Do. A. Mc'Kechnie ... Do. A. Thome Do. A. Bagshaw Txhridge. 271 Magistrates who have qualified in the Huron District. Arthur Acland ... Goderich, town. I William Chalk ... Tnckersmith. William Dimlop... Colhorne. Arch. Dickson ... McKillop. W.B.Rich Goderich, town. James Murray ... Hay. John Bignall Goderich, township. E. T. Ledyard ... Tnckersmith. H. Ransford Do. i W.H. DeLa Hooke Stanley. J. C. W. Daly ... Stratford. | George Hrown ... Goderich, towns'p. T.M.Jones Goderich, town. I Charles Widder ... Goderich, town. James Mc Arthur.. Williams. Magistrates in the George Malloch... Brockville. Alex. McMillan... Johnstown. W. H. Bottom ... Oxford. Tniman Hurd Do. Philip Dulmage ... Augusta. John Weatherhead Brockville. A rchibald McLean Yonge. Dunham Jones ... Augusta. William Brown ... Wolford. James Morris Elizabethtown. Basil R. Church... Wolford. James Mcllmoyle Edwardsburg. Peter Schofield ... Bastard. John Leggatt North Crosby. Robert Powell ... Elizabethtown. William Freeland Augusta. Paul Glassford ... Elizabetlitown. John \i. Reade ... Wolford. H. D. Jessup Augusta. Henry Bradfield... Elizabethtown. James L. Scofield. Brockville. Nicholas Horton.. Elizabethtown. Thos. Sheffield, jr. Crosby. J )hn Kilburn Do. or Wolford. J:unes Shaw South Crosby. Richard Jolinston Lansdowne. Joseph GoflF Elizabethtown. Nicholas Brisee ... Bastard, Alexander McCrie Wolford. Milo McCargar... South (Jower. Sanuiel Reynolds.. Brockville. Ephraim Dunham Do. Philemon Pennock Augusta. 'I'hojnas McC'argar Oxford. John lileakley ... Bastard. Benjamin Tett ... Crosby. W. S. .McDonald, .. Gananoque. Ephraim Webster Do. James Sabine Elizabethtown. Jolin McLean Do. William Hueli Brockville. John G. Booth ... Elizabethtown, Joshua Bates Yonge. Joseph Wilfse Do. Aui'un Merrick .., Wolford. Johnstoum district. Dr. T. Gainfort ... Samuel Crane Mattliew Howard. Palmer Lee John Crow John Booth 'I'homas Purvis ... Peter McSweeny. . James Brooker ... George Dougherty William Garrey... W. Chamberlain.. . Richard Holmes... Peter Adams John Brennan Samuel J. Bellamy William Simpson.. Walter McCrae ... William Rlddell... S. H. Merrick William Green ... Jesse Delong Robert Romanes... W. W. Howard ... James McDonell.. Arthur Fox . John Ketchu.i. Elisha Landon .. John Holden Joseph Adams ... John S. Archbold (ieorge W. Arnold H. W, Blancbard Richard Bolton ... Henry Bolton WilHam Briant ... Adminden Burritt Edmund lUuritt... William Campbell .\nrtre\v Cannon ... Dunciin Clarke ... li'oswell Cook Eli.slia Coller John Craiji Peter Davis Prescott. D(j. Elizabethtown. Yonge. Edwardsbnrg. Yonge. Do. South Gower. Yonge. Oxford. Maitland. Kitley, Do. Edwardsbnrg. Kitley. Augusta, Elmsley South, Wolford, Elmsley South. Wolford. Lansdowne or Y. South Crosby. Elmsley South. Lanstlowne. Bastard. Yonge, Elizabethtown. Elmsley. Prescott. South Gower. Do, Brockville. Elizabetht(>wn. Wolford. Edwardsburg. Wolford. A ugusta. Wolford. Oxford. Do. Erlwardsburg. Do. Wolford. Oxford. Elizabetlitown. 'in ii :fi( !i^ i i J!| ' i 7' t iJ*. liii' U'- 272 A..:-!^ I Ml William Earl Lansdowne. Samuel S. Easton Wollbrd. James Edgar Kitley. Henry Farre Elizabuthtown. Robert Ferguson . Kitley. John Forrester ... Edwardsburg. John S. French ... Oxford. James Frooms ... Edwardsburg. William GiV)son ... Do. Asa H. Giffin VVolford. Ogle R. Gowan ... Brockville. Edward Green ... Leeds. Robert Headlem. . . Augusta. James Higgins ... Prescott. Thomas Hill Elizabethtown. Timothy Ilogan... Augusta. Noah HoUiday ... Korth Crosby. Alfred Hooker ... Augusta. Adam Horton New Dublin. Henry Johnston... Lansdowne. John Johnston ... Escott. William Johnston Kitley. James Keeler Edwardsburg. Robert Kernehan . Oxford. Thomas Kidd Escott. Andrew Laidlow.. Edwardsburg. Heman Landon ... Elizabethtown. Thomas Mair Brockville. Ira Mallory Yongc. William Meneally Augusta. William Moses ... South Gower. William Moulton.. Yonge. J. L. McDonald... Thomas New son.. Richard Osborne. . Peter O'Brien John Patton VViliiam Parkins.. J. W. Parinenter.. Albert Parsons ... Robert Peden Richard Preston... Robert Putnam ... John Reid John Rogers Robert Rorison ... Abel Russell Robert Shepherd . . George Sherwood. Hial Sliter Septimus Soper ... John Spencer Cleveland Stafford Allan Sweet Sam. P. Thomas... James Thompson.. John Vanston William Webster. . Isaac Brock Wells E. H. Whitmarsh . Joseph Wright ... John Yonge William Young ... Gananoque. Beverfey. Yonge. Augusta. Do. Brockville. Gananoque. Augusta. Brockville. South Crosby. Wolford. Brockville. Bastard. North Crosby. Leeds. Augusta. Brockville. Leeds. Kitley. Elizabethtown. Lansdowne. Leeds. Augusta. Escott. Escott. Lansdowne. Augusta. Wolford. A ugusta. Yonge. Bastard Magistrates who have Henrv Allen London. D. McKenzie..T... Do. L. Lawrason Do. Tiioinas H. Ball... Do. Alex. Anderson... Do. S. Morrill Do. Adam Telfer Do. Edward Matthews Do. Thos C. Dixon ... Do. James B. Strathy Do. John If. Caddy ... Do. W. J. Geary Do. township. Ciiarles Motiserrat Do. John Harris Do. John Gi'ary Do. Joiin Kent Do. L. Patterson Dunwich. Thomas McCall... Do. John Bostwlck ... Port Stanley. Andrew Dobbie... Bayham. J. Draper Do. J. W. Wrong Do. 1... Uarwell Do. qualified in the London District. W. B. Wrong Bayham. G. Wrong Maiahide. C. Beer Do. P. Hodgkinson ... Do. A. McCausland ... Do. B. Wilson Yarmouth . E. Mihell Do. J. B. Clench Cari-adoc. Wilson Mills Do. W. Livingstone .. Do. Ed. Ermatinger ... St. Thomas. J. K. Woodward. . Port Stanley M. McKenzie St. Thomas. B. Springer Delaware. R. Webb Do. John Johnstone ... Do. W. McKenzie .... Adelaide. J. S. Buchanan ... Do. R. Pfffley Do. G. B. Iver Do. R. W. Branan Do. W. Mc K.Johnston Do. John Lang Do. G. Miinro Aldboronjvh. J. P. D(.liuirs Port JJurwell. Alex. Saxon Do. .John Shore Westminster. C. Hall Do. Alex. Strathy Do. J. L. Odell Do. Thomas Baty Do. J. J. Manning Do. H. Sheniek Do. 275 ' John K. Tinhatt ... VV,:>stniinstcr i)olin .McDongall... I^oho. James Me.Vrthur. . Williani.s. ; (ieorge Robb Southwold. i L. P'owier Do. i William Hatalie ... Alosa. John I). Anderson . D). ' A. Meijirejior Dorciiester. ;D. Doty Do. Mnf/istratcs ivho have qualljied in the Midland District. A. MeDonell Kingston. Jacob Rambouuh.. Camdc-n. W. 15eami.sh Do. E. lluli'man Do. J. Ashlev Do. Edw. Sliewell Do. J. F. KmLi'ston Bedford. Benj. Tett New borough. A. Manahan K ingston. C. IL Millar Camdi/n. J. M. Rorit Gwillimbury. M. Ryan Adjala. Joseph Hodgson... WestGwillimbury. B. West A. Cunningham W, Stephenson Do. Do. CollingAVOod. Magistrates toho have Henry Webster ... Simcoo. Thos' J. Mulkins.. Do. J. B. Crouse Do. (Jeorge H. Parke . . Do. James Walker J)o. Isaac Gilbert Do. James Graham ... Do. David Marr, junior Do. P.O. Carr Do. William Salmon ... Do. Edward Oilman ... Do. lleurv Waters ... Port Dover. J. W.' I>ow.ll Do. E. P. llyerse Vittoria. John Wfillace Middleton. D. W. Freeman ... Do. John Roach Do. H. J. Killmaster... Walsingliam. D. Schennerhorn.. Do. Titus Williams ... Do. qualijied in the Talbot District. G. A. Killmaster... Do. I J. B. Hutchinson... Do. ! Wni. Backhouse... Do. Jacob Wood Vittoria. I W. Anderson Do. I J. Covernton Do. I J. Potts Do. I L. H. Huns Windham. ! A. A. Kapelje Charlotteville. I R. Van Norman ... Do. iJ. Tisdale Do. I W. Walker Townsend. I W. Mathews Do. ' D. Dunconibe Do, I M. W. White Houghton. \ James Brown Middkt(m. i Wm. McLennan... Do. ' James L. Green ... Townsend. I A. Boulby Do. Magistrates who have qualijied in the Victoria District. Benjamin Dougall. Belleville. i John Gilbert Belleville. A. Marshall Do. . W. Ketchison Sidney. JohnTurnbuU Do. I W. Bowen F)o. (;. N. Ridley Do. ' E. Ketchison Do. Benj. Ketchison ... Do. ;S. Haw ley Do. P.Ham Do. : R. Piirdy Do. B.F.Davy Do. ; II. Hagermun Do. R. 11 olden Do. , W. Hutton Do. nil 1 277 G. Turner Sidney. J. N. Lockwood ... Do. {\ Gilbert Do. P. White Do. John Pout Tvendenaga. T. D. Appleby ... Do. J. Davis Do. J. Sweeney Do. S. W. Robinson ... Do. M. Nealon Do. C L. Herchinier... Do. J. Osburn Do. D. MeKenzie Madoc. J. O'llara Do. I E. Fidlar Ra^vdon. W. Chard Do. I VV. Bo wen Do. 'S.Johns Marmora. I W. Campion Do. j It. A. IVlcCameron Hungerlbrd. i George Hieecker... Tiiurlow. ;D. McLeUan Do. I \V. Fainnau Do. I J. Caiiniff Do. I J. Anderson Huntingdon. J. Ketchison Do. O. Durkeu Do. M'if/isfrnfes A. A. Ferguson ... William itewat ... William Chirk Edward Murton ... Henjamin Thurtel . Charles J. Mickle. Tliomas Ifodgskin. Richard Jaekson... Edw. F. Ifeming... John Inglis George Armstrong Henry Strange ... Jo'^ejih I'arkiuson . Henry Trout idJio have qualified in the JVellinyton District. Guelpb. Archibald Paterson Do. Do. John McKee Garafraxa. Do. Alex. Drysdale ... Do. Do. Thomas Wil)ster .. Do. Do. James Webster ... Nicbol. Do. Alex. D. Fordyce. Do. Do. William Ruist Do. Do. William ileynolds . ^^'oohvich. Do. Jacob Rottschin ... Wilmot. Do. ; William Hdbsou ... D(t. Eramosa. ! James (^)wan Waterloo. Do. I James Pliinn Do. Do. ' George Davidson .. Do. Erin. ' \. M. J. Durnford Arthur. Mif/isfrafcs in Alex. Chewitt Sandwich. Ciuirles Eliot Do. J. R. Ruby Do. W. l)uff Amlu'rstburg. John Dolsen Dover. Duncan .^^c(ir('gor Uileigh. W. E. Wright IMoore. Jolin Prince Siimlwicii.' Jo'Cjih Woods CiiaiiKMU. A. P. Touliiiiu ... Plympum. George Diiraiid ... Saruia. Pi'ideaux (Jirtv ... (Jostield. J. \V. Liul<'...* l{;il(Mgh. James \\viu\ Chatham. T. .McCrae. jiiu Do. J. A. Wilkinson ... S:ind\vich, Robert L.ulilan ... Coleiiesler. l^olieri Reynolds... Amhirstbiirg. .lojiu Fciriss Colclu'sfer. Reujamin Eavallie. C«i'aud Cote. J^iiiiiil (iardinir... Wiudhor. Kobcft .Mercer ... Do. 'J Jiuuia* Reowick . Uonuiev. the JVentrrn District. I William Raby Sandwich. Geortic Duck Howard. I D. ll.(;csiKr Oilord. i R. Wiiiiifield \nderdon. ! W. Taylor ')awn. I James Huddl" Howard. j AViiliam Cosgrave.. Dover. T. W. Smith Do. J. (!. Weir Cliathani. j George Ironsidi'S... Manitoulin. ^^'ilii;lm l-'letcher .. Sombra. I.. H. Johusoi\ ..... Do. D. T. McDonald... Do. 'Jixtmas Williiims. <'liatham. I Charles IE Nixon . Warwick. John Sloan .\nderdon. (Jeorge Wilson ... Saull Me Marie. . •John Italli'iulen ... Do. ' .loscph Wilson Do. Paul Darling M initoullu. j 'I'iiomas E. l{itfer. Snudwiuh. 1 Joseph I'romclier . Do. , h. J. Fluett Do. I I I II i> I I I 1^; ;M. John A* Ray Do. P. H. Morin Do. J. B. La Liberie... Maiden. F. A. Lafferte Do, R. B. Elliott Do. J. B. FUlion Do. F. Caron Do, J, G. Buchanan... , Colchester. Mathew Ferris ... Do. Richard Thornton. Gosfield. Martin Bower Do. 278 J. W. Sanford GosfieWl Ralph Foster Mersea. Jonathan VVigfield. Do. Alex. S. Stockwell. Do. Theodare Malott.. Do. Grant Duncan Maidstone William Gatfield .. Anderdon. Henry Wright Do. George Hyde Plympton. Froome Talfourd .. Moore. Joseph Biddle Do. : r LIST OF MINISTERS OF VARIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN CANADA WEST. I 111 : . J I Episcojmllan Ministers. Bishop of the Diocese of Toronto and Archdeacon of York — The Hon. and Rt Rev. John Strachan, D.D., LL.D. Archdeacon of Kingston — The Venerable George O'Kill Stuart, LL.D. Examining Chaplain and Secretary to the Bishop — Rev. H. J. Grasett, M.A Diocesan Professor of Theology — Rev. A. N. Bethune, D.D. City of Toronto Etobiooke Toronto township. York Mills StreeLsville liarrie & Shanty Bay Tecumseth and W. (iwillimbury ... HOME John Strachan, D.D., LL.D. H. J. Grasett. H. Scadding, M.A. W.H.Ripley, B. A. Harvey Mc.Vlpin. — . Ruttan. T. Phillips, D.D. J. Magrath, M.A. Alex. Sanson. R. J. MucGeorge. DISTRICT. Thornhill Markham and Vaughan Newmarket Georgina Brock Whitby Scarboro' Lloydtown Chinguaconsy. SIMCOE DISTniCT. Orillia . S.B. Ardagh, A.M. F. L. Osier, M.A. Penetanguishine < D. E. Blake, A.B. V. P. Mayerhoffcr. G. C. Street. Jolin Gibson. Vacant. J. Penthmd. B.A. W. S. Darling. H. Bath Osier. G. Steven J. Hill John McTntvro. (ieo. Hallett'. B.A. Charles Ruttan. Guelph WEI.T.INOTON DTSTHTCT. A. Palmer, A.B. | Travelling Miss'y. James Mockridge, 279 GORE DISTRICT. Hamilton J. Gamble Geddcs. Salt fleet and Binbrook J. L. Alexander. Ancaster&Dundas VV. Me Murray. Brantford J. C. Usher. Missionaries to the Six Nation Indians on the Grand River and Adam Elliott. Wellington Square T. Greene, A.B. Gait M. lioomer, A.B. Paris William Morse. Oakville G. Winter Warr. Trafaljiar Goorge Graham. Abraham Nelles ■41 NIAGARA DISTRICT. A.B. loffer. Hill i-re. B.A. tan. ridge. Niagara Thomas Creen. Grimsby G. II. F. Grout. Chippewa, Stam- ford, Queenston &Dr\immondville W. Leeminp. Thorold Thos. B. Fuller. Fort Frie John Anderson. St. Catharines A. F. Atkinson. Louth G. M. Armstrong. Dunnville, &c Adam Townley. Settlements on the Grand River ... B. C. Hill, M.A. TALBOT DISTRICT. Simooe Francis Evans and George Salmon. LONDON DISTRICT. 'J'ravelling Mis- sionaries London Benj. Cronyn. London township. . iW. Brough, A.B. St, Thomas M. Burnluun, B.A. Adelaide Arthur Mortimer. (^rradoc Rich. Flood, A.M. «ROCK DISTRICT. Woodstock W. Bettridge, B.D. | Oxford lll'RON DISTRICT. Port Burwell T. Bolton Read. George Petrie. James Stewart. John Hickie. Vacant. Goderich R.Campbell, M.A. i Devonshire S.ttle't H. C. Cooper, B. A. WKSTKUN DISTRICT. Siindwich William Ritcliie. AmluMXbnrg Frwlerick Mack. Colchesti-r .'. F. Gore Flliott. <"hathum W. H. Hobson. Warwick Vacant. Moore Alex. Pyne, A.B. Walpole Island ... Andrew Jamieson. Dawn, iki' John (Juniie. Raleigh, &c F. Wm. Sandys. NKWCASTLK DISTRICT. <\)boun' S A.N.nethune.D.I). •••• i J. (i.l). M^-Keiizie Port Ho|)e Jonathan Sliortt. Cuvati SaiiiUv'l Armour. Clarke &e T. S. Konnedy. Grafton, iS:c lohn Wilson. Travelling Miss'y. Robert Harding. COI.ItORNK DISTRICT. Peterboro' H.J. Taylor, M.A. Einiiv \'aeant. Feneiim Falls Thomas Fidler. Picton VICTORIA DISTRICT. Belleville John Grier, M.A. I'RINCK i;i)W\R!) DISTRICT. , Wm. Maeanlay. | Carrying Place ... Philip G. Bartlett MIDLAND DISTRICT. Kingston , Wolfe Island f G. O'Kill Stuart. j W. M. Herehmer. \ R. Vashon Rogers. I J.H. Hartlett.M.A. [ John Pope, M.A. ... J. Antiscll Allen, Rath W. F. S. TTarpcr. ;\(lo!pliustown ... Job Deacon. Saltern (Jivins. J. Rothwell, A.B. Mohawk, &C.. Amherst Island .. Camden. lioughbo- „ 1 01 • , rough & Portland ^'^"^^^^"■1^'y 'I' ] I i: ; i 280 JOHNSTOWN DISTRICT. ■Rrockville E. Denroche, A.M. Lamb's Pool W, Gunning, A.li. Prescott Robert Rlakey. Keniptville llenry Patton. Perth M. Harris, A.M. ("arleton Place ... Vacant. Franktown J. W. Padfield. BATHimST DISTRICT. Sniitli's Falls F. Treniayne. Pakenbam, &c. ... Hannibal Mulkins. Travelling Miss'y. Ebenezer Morris. Rytown S. Spratr Strong. Richnioud John Flood. DALHOITSIE DISTRICT. March.... 5Iatthe-\v Ker. EASTKRN DISTRICT. Cornwall J. G. R. Lindsay. Wiiilanisburiih ... E. Jukes Ros well. Osnabruck Roniaine Rolph. iManitouHn Iisland Frederick Augustus O'Meara, A. R. Travelling Missionary in the Diocese... Richard Garrett. i! Prcslf/frrian jMifn'sfers in connexion villi the CJnirch ofSa'fhuid. l>l!i;snVTKRT OF BATHURST. rrockville Jolm rrnikhhaiik I'leekvvith Joliu Smith Smith's Fulls Gcor-ze Konianes Perth Willium Rell JSouth (Sower Josi-ph Anderson Pakenbam Alexiinder JIann Uiebmond I)a\id I'vans Rytown Alexiinder .McKid f/mark Thomas Fvaser <'nmberl;)nd George Bel! PRKSnVTI'.RY OK KlNCiSTON. Kingston Jobn Macbar. Queen's College T. Liddell. Princiinil and Pn)f'essor of Divinity. " P. C (.'anipbell, Prof, of Classical Literature. I'UESnVTKr.V OV TOltOSTO. Toronto Townsliip Andrew lUll FM|uesing I\'!er FerLUson Scarboro' .Jumes s. Juliiihton King lolm Tawse Maikliani Gto. ('.ilbnvay l'-i(l(>n Idlm Me^Iiirchy Pickering & Wliitby, James Lanihie Monroe Vuxaiider IawIs Toronto City lolin P.arclay PRKSnVTCUY Ol' C.r.KNC.AHV. "WillianistoAvn lobii MeKeiizie Cornwall Ilnpli I rt|nliait Locbiel Idbn ]Mel-aae Iiulian Lands I>aiiit'l (lark Martiuiown Jolm McLaurin Williamsburgb Jolm Dickey Osnabruck Isaac Pnrk's LancaMer.... T McP lerson Diibon-ic .Mills,... D. Siiuiair J/Orifiiial ('( lin (Ji'igor Niag;ira Robert MeCiill. Nelson William Kiiiu-. Mount Pit asant ... Jolti Hiyniiijjr. I'eanisville George McCiuchy. i'ui;snvTi:iiY or ii.\>iii,to\. Grimsby Daniel Fastinnn. Woolwich Mcxand'. r l\o>s. Simcoe T!:ouia:- Stott. 281 Preshyterian (Free Church J Ministers. HAMILTON AND TORONTO PRESIJYTKKY. C Dr. Burns. Toronto < Henry Ess-n. ( James Harris. Streetsville Williiun Rintoul. Dundas&.Vncaster Murk Y. Staik. Hiiiiiilton Alexander Gale. Zorra Donald McKenzie. Gait John Bayne. Stratford Daniel Allan. Thorold and St. Catliaiines A. Mcintosh. Williams Duncan McMillan. Puslincli William Meidrum, Port Sarnia Wni. Maealister. Saltfleet George Clu'vue. Ayr Robert Lindsay. Ferfrus G( oriie Snu-llie. Andiersthurp: Robert IVden. Missionaries — Messrs. Macaulay, Steele, Grahame, and Kingan. OOnOITRG PRKSIIYTKRY. Pi'terboro'&t^avan John M. Rogers. Cobourg Thos. Alexander. Graf'ton&Colbome William Rcid. South Cavan James Douglass. KINGSTON PRKS15YTKRY. Gananoque Henry Gordon. Camden Tlios. Wightman. i Deniorestville James Rogers. Rroekville Wiilium Slftnnt. /Ck Pictoii Alex. Mclican. Prescott Robert lioyd. Missionary — John Gorbet. VV^ iJ'V L CoNf/ret/atinwd Ministers. '1'M{orofth(- Congregational Academy, George Street,'roronto — Rev. Adam Lillif P(;rt Sarnia J. Nail. Adelaide J. Hart. London E. Ebbs. St. Thomas W. P. Wastell. Southwold J. Silcox. S'liu'oe Win. Clarke. Biirford Wm. Clark.', jun. B,-amtbrd Thomas Baker. lianiilton J. Osborne. G!;indfbrd S. Fiiiton. TrafalLi'ar H. Denney. Esijuesing J. Arnr>iir. Cal'dtm Stephen King. iuieiph L. McGkishen. l''.ramosa Iv Martin. \'augban T. HodL'kin. Toronto John Boat". Markbam I>. Kribs. Newmarket lames Vincent. Innisfil John Climie. ( >i'o \ri BaynioTid. ^^ hiiliy Th(>iii;is Maeliin. Darlington L Climie. jun. Brock A. .McKeclinie. Coboiirg Joseph Harris. .\«l)li(iiiel I. iMirrant. Belleville 1. W(,ods. Port Dover lo.sepii .Marr. liilptist Chairman of the Canada B-.plist ( 'orres])ondiHg Secretary Toronto R. .*\. I'yfe. Do VV. Christian. Jliimilton .\. Book'T. Kingston A. Lorimer, .\.\\. Branfford F. Wiiuerhothani. Sr. Catharines W. Hewson. liruckville Robert Boyd. Wooilstnck N. iio>\vorth. F.'terboro' John Edwards. Do Joim Gihnour. Beamsville George Silver. P>route John Oakley. WlMby Israel Miirsh. llojie .Samuel Tajiscott. Mhiistirs. Cnion — Rev. J. M. (^r;r >p. A.M. — Bev. F. Bosworlli. A.M. York .Mills lam-'s .Milehell. Pickering Tli.>nuis (iosiick, (^uceiiston ]. B. X'rooman. Lanark Robert Dick. Wuterlbrd .\. Slaght. Simcof W. Bees. , Perth W. < ooper. Br'adalbane ^^ . Eraser. Tiisdrora W. IL LiiikIom. Osgo.ide D. McPhail. Lobo I>. Sinclair. ^VilIiamsbu;'g < '. K'ufz. Kitlev 11. Nichols Augusta I. Fay. m {■ 1 Ih 282 Baptist Ministei s — Continued. Beverley — . McEathron. Marcli M. Kerr. Dundas J. Clutton. Kiagara A. Underhill. Oxford E. Elliott Cornwall A. McLean, Grafton J. Holnian, Caledon J. CauipbL-ll. British Wesleyan Methodist Ministers. (In consequence of the annual changes to which the Methodist ministers are' subject, their ciicuits are not inserted.) W. M. Harvard. Ephraim Evans. Henrv lianton. Ednnxiid liotterell. James Hoi.th. Robert Cooney. John Douse. E. Stoney. John IJredin. Henry Hyers. Edward Sallows. Wm. Andrews. John Gundy. William Steer. John C. Davidson. William Case. William Scott. John Sunday. Thomas Fawcett Canadian Wesleyan Methodist Ministers. Henry Wilkinson. William Ryersou. John Ryerson. Richard Jones. John Carroll. James Musgrove. Anson Green. George F. Plavter. E. Rverson, l).l). A. MeNab, A.M. Edwy M. ]{yers()n. Corn. Fiumerfelt. George Kennedy. Matthew UoUby. J. E. Ryorsou. Samuel Pliilp. David Hardy. William Digiiam, MINISTEBS AN John liaw. Wm. Willoughby. Peter Ker. William Philp. Matthew Whiting, R. E. Tapper. " Thomas Dcmorest, 'J'homas Rattray. Jonatlian Scott. Joseph Messniore. liUther O. Rice. Thomas Cosford. John Goodfellow. Sylvesterlltirlhurt Joseph Sh"pley. John K. Williston. G. R. Sanderson. (?eorge Yoimg. Thomas Williams. Samuel Rose. Solomon Snyder. George Pool. Charles Eavell. K. C'reighton. Rowley \h'\ i;ind. Thomas Jelfers. Lewis Wan er. Francis N. Enirlish. E. Shei)henl. E. B. Harper. William Price. C. \\. ]NL Gilbert. James Spencer. James Hiitcliiiison. David Wright. David Jennings. A hah Adams. Ezra Adams. George Carr. I) PRKACHKKS. John Jiaxter. Wm. Coleman. Benjamin Jones. William Glass. G. Smith. Horace Dean. J. ■^^^ Cawthome. Wm. IVIcCullough. Conrad Vandusen. David B. Madden. Asalu'l Hurlburt. John Sanderson. Wm. McFadilen. Thomas C leghorn. Robert Darlington. Daniel Wright. Isaac B. Howard. Cyrus H. Alli.wu. John Williams. John Gemley. Samuel P. LaDow. Abraham Dayman. I. B. Aylesworth. liaehiin Taylor. Wellington JetFers. V. B. Howard. John Black. George Case. Ozias Barber. Michael Fawcett Erastus Hurlburt. William Haw. Francis Coleman. Jolin Lever S. Huntingdon. G. B. Biucher. jMatthew Conner. T'homas Bevitt W. H. Williams. J. W. MeCollum. Joseph Hill. Wm. Pollard. Geo. Good>on. James Greener. George Ikynon. Ouu'les Taggart. John Armstrong. lU'MJ. Naiikevill. 'J'homas Hannah. James John Tuke. Joseph Reynolds, John Howes. Henry Slater. ^^'m. Morton James Elliott, liighes. oius. ■• fir u (X'V \ John Culham. SIII'KUNUMEHA John Beatty. Moses Blackstock. RV vnr.ACHKn.s. Daniel McMullen. Peter Jtmes. Thomas Harmon. Solomon Waldron. Abraham Sickles. David Sawyer. Haniilt(Ui IJiggar, Alexander Green. MISSION A TUKS. Horace Dean. William Herkimer. J. W. Cawthome. John Neeland.s. Samuel Belton. (Jilbort Miller. Peter Jones, super. Richard Phelps. Robert Robinson. Robert Lochhead. Stephen Miles. Robert ('urboa. 283 TABLE OF DISTANCES. Western and South- Wester a Boute. Prom Toronto to Lambton, 8 — Sydenham, 14A — Cooksville, 16 — Si)ringfioId, 19 — Palermo, 30 — Flamborougli, 3S — Diindas, 40 — Hamilton, 4r) — Ancaster, 51| — Brantford, 68 i— Woodstock, 91— lieachviile, 96— Ingersoi, 101— London, 123— Delaware, 136— Wardsville, ir)9— Thamisville, 174— Louisville, 183— Cliatham, 1 89— Windsor, 239— Sandwich, 241— Amherstbnrg, 257. From Toronto to Hamilton by the Lake Sliore Road— To Port C.'redit, 14 — -Bronte, 30— Port Nelson, 3;: -Wellington square. 37— Oakville, 2G- Hamilton, 43. From Hamilton to Gait, 25— Preston, 28 -Stratford, 6;')- Godcrich, 110— Gueiph, 42 — Fergus, 55 — KK;.-.i, 5."- -Arth\ir, 67 — Paris, 27. From Hamilton to Caledonia, 14 — Port I)over,36^— Simcoe,43j — Vittoria, 49. From Hamilton to Sloney Creek, 7 — Grimsby, 17 — Beamsville, 22 — Jordan, 88 — St. Catharines, 36 — Niagara, 48 — Queeuston, 47 — Ciiippewa, 56 — Wa- terloo, 72. From Brantford to Caledonia, 20 — Seneca, 21 — York, 25 — Indiana, 32 — Cayuga. 35— Dunnville, 50 — Port Maitland, 55 — Paris, 6— Gait, 18 — Water- ford, 17 — Simcoe, 24. J)i,-:(aiic(:s on the Welland Canai. — From St. Catharines to Port Dalhousie. 5 — Thorold,4A— Allanburg, 8— Port Uobinson, 10 — Merrittsvilie, 14,'5 — ilelnisport, 15i— Stonebridge— 2U— Port Colborne, 23. From London to the" Junction, 6 — St. Tiiomas, 17 — Port Stanley. '.>6— West- minster, 6 — Kilworth. 8 — Delaware, 1.3 — Port Stirnia, dl (ioderich, 59 — Temperancoviile, 27 — Aylmer, 29— Richmond, 37 — Vieiuui, 42— Port B>ir- well. 45. From Chatham to liOiiisville, 6— Waliaccbur-h. 17 — Dawn Mills. 15 — Zone Mills, 24 — Sutherland's, 50 — Froonieliekl, 55i — Port Sur:;la, 6u — Errol, 73 - Roud 'Fan, 14. Nor 111 em Ilo/ite. Fnmi Toronto to Thornhill. 11— Richmond Hill, 16— Holland Landing, 32— Bradlbrd. 36 — iJarrio, 64 — Penetanguishine, KM. From 'J'oronto to .MarUiiam. 20 — Newmarket, 30 — Llovdtown, 42 —Sharon, ».'">— Bouchier's Mills, 55— Coldwater, 95— Orillia. 92— Sturgeon Bay, 100. Eastern lionte. From Toronto to the Ronae, 12 — DuiKn's <'r. 'k, 23— Wi>Kl ) LIST or HOTELS, BOARDING-HOUSES, BANKS, FORWARDERS, &r., AT MONTREAL. Hotels and Inns, fiasco's Hotel, 6.5, St. Paul Street; Orr's Hotel. 90, Notre Danu- Street; Tetii's Hotel, 2.') and 25, Great St. James Street; Sword's Hotel, 2, St. Vincent Street; Ottawa Hotel, McGill Street; Adelplii Hotel, Place D'Armes; Kialto, 49, Notre Dame Street; Victoria Hotel, 10, Place D'Armes; Serafino's Hotel, Fabrique Street, New Market; Eagle Hotel, McGill Street; City Hotel, corner of St. Paul and St. Joseph Streets; Caledonia Hotel, 234, St. Paul Street; Conime'cial Hotel, corner St. Joseph and Commissioners Streets: Feller's Hotel, 2.'? I. St. Paul Street; Gould's Hotel, College Street; Grant's Tlotel, St Henry Street; Hondlow's Hotel, corner McGill and Lemoine Street; Exchange CofiFee Houtic, Exchange Court, St. Paul Street; King's Ai'm's Inn, St. Charles Street, Ncm' Market; I.ondon Coff'ee House, 19, St. Vincent Street; Qui en's Arms Inn, <)3, St. Paul Street; Dolly's Chop House, St. Francois Xavier Street. Boarding Houses. Mrs. Armstrong, 23, Chenneville Street; George Dowker, .3, Little St. James Stri'ct; Mrs. Farrel, 4, Chenneville Street; Mrs. L. Gosr-eiin, Ileccdlet, near St. Helen Street; Mrs. McEwen, College Street, near the College. Banks. Hours of Business at all the Banks— from 10, A.M., to .3, P.M. Blink of British North America. Great St. James Street; Hank of ^Montreal, do ; City Bank, Place d'Armes; Banque du Peuple, St. Fnineois Xavier Street; liaTik of I'jiper Canada, 11 Great St. James Street; Commercial Bank of the Midland District, 37 (ireat St. James Street. Foumrders. INTacpherson. Crane & Co., Common, near Dalhousie Street; Murray & San- derson, Conmion. near Nazareth Street; H. Jones & Co. Coniniim. near Dal- housie Street; Hooker, Holton & Co., Common, near Canal Wharf; Ross, Matthie & Co., Common, near Nazareth Street; (ieortre Smith, corner George and Coimnon Streets; Alex. Ferguson (Agent of the Quebec Forwarding Co.). corner C'jmmoa and Prince Street; G. P. Dickson, corner 'J(mimon and Queen Street. K J 285 Govimment Offices. Civil S^'cretary's Office, Government House, Notre Dame Street; Provincia'i Secretarv's Office, do., Receiver General's Office, do.; Inspector General's Office, do.; Surveyor General's Office, 55 Notre Dame Street; Board of Works, 45 Notre Dame Street; Crown Lands Office, do.; Provincial Registrar's Office, 60 Notre Dame Street; Emigrant Otfiue, Commissioners' Street steamboat wharf. Custom House — St. Paul Street. Post Office— 15, Great St. James Street. facing the Assurance Offices. Helen Streets; Montreal. 177 Notre Dame Street; Inland Marine Insurance Companv, Lemoine Street; Mutual (Montreal), corner St. Sacrament and St, Fran(;ois Xavier Streets; National Loan Fund, 51 Great St. James Street; Phoenix (London), 134 St. Paul Street; Quebec, 24 St, Francois Xavier Street. Stage Offices. Albany Stage Office, (via Burlington), Duclos' Hotel, McGill Street; Upper Canada Stage Office, McGUl Street; Quebec Stage Office, 22, St. Jean Baptiste Street. ^ r >. i If Yhe following places were accidentally omitted in their proper order : — ADELAIDE. A small Village in the township of Adelaide, situated on the road from London to Port Sarnia, eighteen miles from London. It contains ahoat 120 inhabitants, and an Episcopal Church, Professions and Trades. — One distillery, two stores, two taverns, one waggon maker, one blacksmith, one shoemaker, one tailor. STONEY CREEK. A Village in the township of Saltfleot, pleasantly situated on the road from Hamilton to St. Catharines, seven miles from Ilaniilton. Stoney Creek flowe through the village. There is an Episcopal Church a short distance from th« village. Population, about 160. Post Office, post every day. Professions and Trades. — One grist mill, one saw do., two stores, three taven»», three blacksmiths, three waggon makers, two tailors, one shoemaker. ERRATA. Barryfield, in the township of " Pittsburgh;" should be, in the township of " Kingston." Binbrook, in the "Niagara District;" should be, in the " Gore District." Germany Little, " nine miles south-west;" should be, " nine miles north-east." Oakville, "sixteen milen" west from Toronto; should he, " twenty-six miles." Torbolton, in the " Bathurst District;" should be, in the " Dalhousie District.'' ♦• Boucher's Mills;" should be, " Bouchitr's Mills " their proper ad from London 120 inhabitants, ne, one waggon the road from ?y Creek flows tance from th« three taven»», ter. township of strict.'" I north-east." fff-six miks." tie DistncV' "FT-- CONTENTS. Referknces to Map — facing the Map. Pa«b. Canadian Gazetteer from 1 to 226 First Settlement of Canada ; its Early History, Climate and Prodpctions 229 to 241 Divisions and Extent of the Province; its Progress and Improve- ments; Resources; Trade and Agriculture; Provisions for Education; Advice to Emigrants; Value of Land, &c 241 to 226 List of Post Offices 257 ... 2(i6 List OF Magistrates 207... 278 Ministers ok various Denominations 278 ... 282 Table OF Distances 28.S... 284 List op Hotels, Boarding Houses, Banks, Government Offices, Forwarders, &c., at Montreal 284 to 285 Omissions and Errata 286