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[1], [5l]-57, 60-61, 58-59. 6*-65. 62-63, 66-67. !UA 14X 18X F" 1 22X 26 X XX ^B^n y ~ 12X 16X 20X 24 X ?RX ^— ' L_J 1— J T-) V The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grdce A ia g6n6rosit6 de: Univeriiti de Montreal The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol --^> (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. 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New York 14609 (716) 482 - 0300 -Phone (716) 288- 5989 -Fax USA Cr ■t n it': ■s l^r-^f^ ] , I ti A METHOD OF <","' ff" P RESER VING Grain rii-V-, JO^- ^•^'VTvt^.^ FROM SMUT ', / r\B^'^^-- F-OM The Q^U Elir^X^T:^; ^=^ ^»: N£ILSOA\ ' N '^1 <^^/ As it isfa.d that the Grain thi, «<. i • ty, he Smut, the Drreaors o/tirZrZl" '''T ^''''' '•^'''' ^''"■^'""Mer^^ Jicur next Paper the anne.^edtlt afjlT ^r"^ ''^"'J^ "fy" 'o inlrtZ therein n^enuonea, ^h„i, ^.^^Z ^Z/ff ">/^[ Pr^fideni, iftb the Treat 1 uj'.u to pre'uent U, ^ '"' '^' ^«V^ f the Smut, and the meaJstt . , HUGH FINLAY, Secry. tely publifhed by tlfSf el« of J."/"'^ ^'^"' ^'- tention to prevent the fmnrl.-^^"'^ J^!""'"' ^"h in. faaion I L an? rm /r hat" Jl" ""'^ '"•"^'^ ^^^"- efficacy of the Receipts cnml ^ ^ experienced the for that purport U'nil uTF^lTi '° !'^ f"^"^^ quality ofmyJand was fuVhlcri ^''""^J't that the . , ^ fi'fone'ed,forlhethcTltw;d:ht Tr'^ n brought nothing but fmutty grain : HoweverTnp • ' ^^"'^y* "" °^'s, the Evil was in the feed, for by 4fh"nk fcum^^in^ K ' '' •''• ^''^''''' '^^' Sprinkling with lime after the man^ef d f rTed f^^o^"^," '" ^ ^'^^^'eand Pamphlet. 1 have had a very plentiful crop of fair '^"f ^th page of your .ra., whUathatofmy Neighbours was ^^Zj^].^^^^:^^ ^S;!^:S thK? £s t Jc;:ts n^^'^- ^^^-^ ^^ out a remedy to prevent it, I took the lire tvtr.nH ^" ^'■''"' ^"'^P'^'"" the Agriculture Society, a copy of it referring 1 ^°^* ^' r''''^'^^"^ «f whether the difcovery made by^h s ' ntlem.n^t ^'°"k u-""'' -'"'^g^ent, could not. by infertirig them in your S duK h" ^ 'K^^'^'.^ Experiments of the Cures ) diffufed^hroughoutL Province f ^\(^"i^^« ^Aiifance the laudable Efforts of the ^fciety t the pro ' 0"^^^ '^''' ^'^' ^ir, culture would but little avail in Uus Provrnc|'wtere he"'-"''"''"' "^-^SH- Who are Farmers ( and but a verv kw tJellT^ "'''•'P'" P^" ^^ ^hofe The Province would derive gre'at ad vaS. r^ ""f '''^• the very f.mple -ethod recomSed f^ hf /Ztt ffT"^'''-^^^^ ^^ give a reputation to, and increa|i|e value oTourCrr-r'^' ''''' '"""'^^ to the gteat benefit of the CanadR Farmer 1? a ^hT °'"''^^" '"'^'^^'^* rend, upon the Cures of the Counly pS;, ;„!:'' ^^"'.^xry much de- vvifhcd that the direftors of theagric^ftSode v«n n ^u '' '^ '« ^o to prevail on thofe Gentlemen (3^1^11 for thI-'^°"-'^ 'Jo their endeavours their poor Parifhioners. and th general to 1; ^1^ ^""^ '^^' "^ tnun^ate .11 the experiments and^bSrla^l";:^^^^^^^"-!^ reading f 11 rxE. ''ro'vincejuffered ''you to infert in 'ith the Treati/e 'he means to be 'AY, Secry. tion the direc- ind Papers la- griculure So- ?rain, within- th much fatis- fperienced the :o the Public, "gin that the produce graia 'ley, or oats, "•efent, that a Pickle and page of your d very found ffefted with onfre'ville of i» and points prefident of Judgment, ■xperiments, he afliUance irAid, Sir, ent of agri- >art of thofe adoption of as it would :n markets, ' much de- it is to bo "ndeavours for that of - ) to com- ilturci by readinjf U ( 52 ) ..d.o .he C„ri; ror.h. iX^L'nhVal.S"'--''''--'™^ J: *°o;-',ht:s ^:^^^ fs:^f'be?rh";T" '^'^"'"■ Children of thecountrv cVo»rrh".',^i ". «"'' ^e left to the Clergy, ,i|l ,he ftble fueceft to the conSable lI^^ "»Sj'lorea^,, chambly and a Member if the ^ Jgnculiitre Society. Of Experiments made to difco'ver 'vtnt it. AN ACCOUN T "«je cj the i>mut m {*vauiy and of the 'way to pre. IS S time nf7 • ' u' ''^'^' f^'^'' "^"'^e mcon at e^edover tt'"^^ "j^'" '° '^' dunj; of Pigeons fcat- heenfnMJ ^u°"-'^* "'' *° '^^^t pfftcep which had been folded on the piece intended to be /own. •1, - , ^ ^ ,^^^ reiterated Experiments made by Mr. Tillet hiv,. ftewn, that the Powder or duft of fmuttv erain -m,l .. Kir • 1 / the feed, is the only caufe of the fpoiling thereof Thi tn '■ ""'"'fuu; '^ fopher did not reft iLisfied in difcover nf the evi* he h.? ?/'^ •'"".'^ ^^''P' remedy. and we muft acknowledge tKhat which I ^ aifo pointed r .'.e infallible ; but the preparation of a ixt um and tt ±t o ' P"^^''! • ',' he has prefcribed. wouldbe with diffiXTdo " td t 1ft ^''f '°"' r''^'^'' afl-uring him of the acknowledgmenVs oSl\tme,s ^iTp^tHn? V~^" "" and hii zeal for the public good will therefore a^u red! v r ^'^""'"f''^^' vours to render more' fimplf the remeXthas^^^^ felves he will learn with pleafure that a fimple wafliing wi di wa ^r "„ d liming produces the fame effedt as the Lixivium. The Experiments that 1 be^un at fowino- rimp In t!,« v-,„ i ,. I augmented in 1760 demonLated Te e?i Tnd "he R^me //^^'r "^"^""^ jn office, and intefligent Farmers who ^ame foLtt^e^?:t'befo^.^^T Z-'f be witnefs of my experi;nents on the fpot, were convrced of ir -^i kinda rs o Mr. de Brou, I.rend.nt of I didrffT. wt ionored my JT fays, has encouraged me to render aa exa^ detail of my laft exp Jrime nr ': and \ .1 ... J b ni! i^i r^ This account will hedividcA int^ c the fouares in vvhich I tade ly exnel^^^ ^:; 'i*^ ''^'^' ^ have defcribed •Plan; fnthetecond. f have exSvTf o'' \"'^ °^^'"^^ the dUeafe; In th. third I have p^ 'fed^^^^^^ '^^ experiments, the caufc of the manner of applying it. which "w"V ^""'^/ ' ^"^^ '" ^^e fourth add fome obfcrvations which may be JlfS ""^ '^^ ^"^ "'^- ^ «^-" ^- A DESCRIPTION Jeld 01. a piece of Qround i6o feet 1,71,1,1 i J ''7''' •™'' ■» ">« "pen I^;K^.tothreeparts.andth;;^^.i:;?;t---;;;J^^^ da?j^te:S^J.'^S^-?:^^ 'own in ^.mbe. two the fecond divifion, were fown th. 7tl Of^ober I H !'''"' ^^''^ compcfed ge of the moon th. wind beirg fou ] and the t.t^ °' '^" ¥°'' '^' '^^^^ m.ns th. thi^d divilion. ^erf fown 'on the , ^Vh m"u"^' "'^ht fquares, for- tenng her fecond quarter, and the wind a^No^r 1 "f •'" '^', '""^^ '^'^ «". whether fome other received opinions werl^o hi d '"'^ ? 7^^" '° ^^^"'"i"* geonsdun:^ on fome of the fquares, and iVe^. 5 depended upon, J put pi. give a full detail of the Various exDerhrfenr' ^ "^ "" "'^'"- ' "^^11 now fucce.^ refulting therefrom! ^ "'"'"'=' """^^ ""^^'^'^ <'q"are, and of the Firftfyuare in four Expmmentu Sown the fecond day after the 'ull m«^„ »i. • , Tk... . ^ "" "loon the wind atu/«»ft found ,0 '.v-"7g-°;:arr:;ir .'o'ltf.'u'r'K,"'.'''; -^ »- ttnth of the ears «'. fmutty and d]h?l';i;"' '" """■= ""=" ">"» "bouTonJ led «iih black daft. '^' ^"'' "S'" """^ "" "w alfo foand to be fil afterwards in a Rxivium or a Ive offfh. ^^ ^"^ '" "°"""0" ^^ater and t^2 '"™"'°^ " '"• '"""-'" -srwra^ts^fS:,^^; >«»V»tc Mifa'blaJfc'poUr! *'" " '"" """ ''""">' '""i ""V »"e ito the Views of i to the Public have defcribed have furniflied s, the caufe of 4 in the fourth eaie. I fhalj ■r of land. bale, and in an d in the open readth, which res of twelve ^teniber, two ich compcfed ore the chan- fquares, for- loon then en, to determine n> I put pi. I ihall now B> and of the ( 54 ) The fced of the three laft rows was alfo found, but It was miv-J „ -.u u dull from fmutty wheat, and before the fowine was w,(},l7fn ^ ^^^ ^^^ and then ileepei in the lixivium as pr^^^Mr ^°'"'"0'» water, Notone ear in thofe threerowswas found to be entirely fmuttv rl,.„ all found except four, whidi were full of black duft, ^' ^ ** SECOND SQUARE.-, N kour Exp.mments. ThTfeed o'fS ^fi'P« r''" '^° '^'y' ^^'^^ ^'^^ ^"" '"O"". the wind at weft mixed whh if In/-. 7 '■°^'- ?^ Pf^^^'y ^^""'J ' "o '*'""«y powderwi mixed with It, and ,t was fown without being either wafhcd or limed • J::.;ttf P3r "'^ '^^ "" '' '-"""y ^-ia «.« fou„d. ,„<, four car, fi'.led wUI* Not one ear of fmutted grain was found In them. But there were two filled with blacit powder. la thofe row,, there was not one ear of f.nutty grain. There were four of a blaclc powder. No fmutty gram was found in thofe Rows. '""ncu , Yei there were fome ears filled with powder. t. k eft. iry, but pre- >utty wheat fi ears were iuft. me fmutty s about one id to be iil- s not mixed iwateranc^ r. Tillet, ttered over naqy werfe THIRD SQUARE.-iN HOUR Experiments. ^ Was fowa the 27th September two days after the f.dl moon, the^ wind at fome pigeons dung was fcafteS over aU the lowf/ ' '''''' ''^°""^' Only one ear of Anutty Grain was found in thofe rows. All the others were perfeftly found and good. cedTn^ one. °^h5f '''?K T'-°'''- ^'^ ''"y ^''""'^' ^' ^" ^^fo that of the pre- ceding ones ; before the fowing it wa* limed after our ufual manner and be fore harrowing, pigeons dung was fcattered over it. "'"^' '"^"""' *"'i ^^• Not an ear of fmi,.ty grain w.is found in thofe rows. 1 here were two of a fmutty Powder. of Ji;'''" ^""«^^5r.g row. were fown with found gr;i?n without any mixture of fmucry po-.vder, io.r.e pigeons dung was fcattered over it before haJJi! ( Si ) The three laft rows were Town aiUU »v r ••fted in common ■.Jrln^l^^J'i ln\T' ^'t' ^'■''■" <■«"« " «» W« fca„„edov„i,. previous "l^s'^LVSrw.'^:-:™- f'^""' <•"»£ Throughout thofe hfl rows, la^re u,,. „ . ' found to be perfeftly found and good. ""' "' °^ '"'""«/ S"'"". they were .11 ■' h^:- fill moon. ^=« and the fecond day after the i he three firfl rows wcreof founH o-^i^ •► l j 2^heat, and was fown wXut belrei^^^^^^^^^ ftweps dung was mixed with it ; ^ """" ^^^^^^ or limed ; but fome In the above mentioned three rnu/o vrtn? S'j;;;- 7^ ^-"^. "»», „ei,her It »a, iteeped in the prepared lixi^ZL.T//^^^'- "<" ™ '•' walked- Sm over !t before harrowingl ^ ' *""' """P' ''""S ™s fcatt'ered }-efi;?friL='if;r„i''i^trrntr^d''«^""'^'«^-''"^°«; In thofe three laft rows, there wig n=:.k Not 0/fniutty powdet; """"' ™« <" »f rmntt, s„I„. FJFrir SZUJM,-,^ s,x Exp R |feVt^j;?h?r "r^ror ;J:j}ot/ f, ^";' ~ --^ « -« |ja.o„the«oor„ra,ranar,;a„TrSn^:^tErtt:rertX: f:.urA°s;tr '- '"- "^" »- «- -.. »f r.„,„ .„:„, „, ,,„ ,^ to be round and wing it waj igeons dung they were all with fmut- but fome '"'» and five d after the ■eps dung re fome of a as neither jflied; but Scattered ^e above; prepared 'crit, as at weft. Igathe- imed or four ears er mixt ( 56 ) -Srh r. dSrr:; sfc'r-' ^"? "^■"' ''"•°- f--? -. <»■■ being either walhJoTiS *^ "' '"'' P^'W-'heg'^nd, wi.1,. B., ,h„. .„, fou,.„,of , r.,m„, |,„<1„. •he ar»al m£Z7' ""' "" '""""' ^''"' '"""g. bat it wai Sed ;,, "r«l ™a„„„, i-Le^aleJl^jrilre'-^rberntatr" """'^ '" '" "p'tr "*"'"■■ ■■»'■■»'■«/«'- »..f.«»d, .her, w.„ .;„„.„ .f,i„„„,. and wa3 fow„. -vl-ho^l.^LVeir tXdlHltf '"* "^ '"-""^ "^-'. h"."g any thing but f„m. T^e flled "„ iT '" """"°" ''■^'"' >""«•"' 1 ntre »t,t fo,„, car. of a !,„„„, |,„„i„^ The grain of the three lall rows «/»< fn,,- J j ly PO.vdcr, before fowlng it „, waft ' iTJ^i T-' ""' ""'"' '""h fmut. .aa before harrowi., f„L /o^^^r S^y' 'stVrj::;:-a^o;^;r' SEVENTH Sc^TT 4 J>p ... ^, p e , -.,^^..,.»., , i, FOUR hXf ERIMINT1» So»,n7thoaobcr.woda,,l«forMhe,«wmoo„. ' •* If' f't Jh ( SI ) The feed, the fame as that of the firft fquare. duft; and then fown without being either walhed or limed. ^ About two thirds of the ears Nverefound to be fmutty many were full of, black durt Hpr o i " next rows ^verefown with the fame feed mixt with fmutty dow der, and was only limed in the afual manner. ^ ^ /l«;twd" ;°" ""^ ' '"''' °' "^^ "" ""«= '■'"""y' '^^""^ -<=- »'f» five full of ^ !>n?iir/r?°^' V following three rows was mixed with the fmutty powder but before fown it ^.as wafhed and fteeped in the lixivium as prepared bTMr! £:a™h' ^^XX^r'' '''"' '" ''''"" '" -^ -V round, excep. The three laft rows were of found grain not mixed with any duft • hafnr^ lome powder from fmutted grain was fifted over it. n«*rrGwmg EIGHTH S^ARE,^i^ four Experiments. ^ Sown the 7th Oftober, the wind at fouth. two days before the change of the As to the feedj it was the fame as on the fecond fquare. der'^lfcc^/^ '■°"" •T'' °u (°""'l.g"i"> it was not mixed with any now der, and was fown, without being either waQiedor limed, there was not Z" ear of fmutty grain found in them, there were three full of arurpowde"! The gram ot the threerows which followed was I.kewife of found L^a^ntn Sod. "'"'" "" " "'^^'^ ""''''' ^°^" ^"^ " -- '-^d after The ufuai ... ^IdTooT "' ■'" "''" ' '■'"^'•^ '" °^ '■"""y eraln, all were found perfedlly found beii flawed '^'""' ^"^" "^'^^^^^'^ ^" ^ »i^---- -hich fom'e limrhVd The ^^''^''l^^^-J^y eood andfound. except fome ear, filled with fmutty powder. poJder and h / ''? '^■'''°''' ^'' T'y ^°""''' " ^"^^ "°^ '"i-ed wi h anJ There was not a f.ngle ear of fa.«tty grain found, all were perfeftly good. mNTH S^JRE,^i^ POUR ExP.RiMKNTs. Sown the 7th Oftobef two days before the new mnr^p ^K- vlnd af fn.,-!, ^1- - fcea was conformable to that ot the third fquare. •f^''\'^«««atfou.h, .he th the fmutty of a black duft; fmutty pow- ilfofivefullof a itty powder, ared by Mr. r found, except ift; before e harrowing Ifo many eara mgeof the 1 any pow- as not one y powder^ grain un- the ufual feftly found nor was it lime had tty powder, with any vater, as 5Uth, {hi f 60 ; The feed of he ftrS ^"^'' ^'^"'^ '^' "T ^'°°"' '^'^ '^'^^^^^ ^°"th. it was mixed with Zf '°"'' T' T"^ ^°'"^' '^'^^"^ ^^""^ '^^''^ Granary ; There were at lead two thirds of this ^rain fmutty, and There were many Ears full or a black powder. waled ^^'''owau was limed in the ufual manner, bSt not There was found at leaft a tenth of the grain to be f„.utty and Eight Eara of a Imutty Powder Cer^of wf ^bi'V^H^V^^^ ''■'' ^°""''' ^"^ '^ ^^-" "^""^^d ^vith the pow- mter, whe Jif fZ; 1 ^J^ " ""'' ^°^"^^* ^^'^«P^^' ^'^ '"°'»« common wdicr, wnerem iome lime had been flaked. There was not one fmutty Ear in them. 1 here were /ix of a imutty powder. neFOURTEENni S^uTII,-^:, th.hh Exthr . m .nt.. Sown the 7th Oa. two days before the new moon, the wind South. The feed was the fame as that of the thirteenth fquare. vvW In"/fi^ '^^r'? "^'''^""'ig'-'^i". but it was mixed with fmutty wheat, and fown without being -Aaflied or limed. There were at lead two thirds of the Ears fmutty, and many full of a black powder. fJCfZ' T' ^°l'°^'"g "'^••e ^«^^n in the fame manner as the four rows of the fecond experiment m the 13th fquare : S?f rbU^k "oLVr!"'' °' "'= '^" '"" ''^°'^"«'' ^-""^ e-". -J --y -re 0f7htthtLit^Tre""b ?''1 '" ''" '"^'"^ "^^""^^ ^^ ^'- ^'^^ '■^'^ r-vs IWn!^ ^ ' ■'" ''"^ "'■■1'" was lown it was .alhed, aad then Iteeped in common water in which lull lome lime had been Hal" d. Tliere was not one fmutty Ear^d, there were fome Ears full of a biackpo.ccr. PIFrEEXrnS^UJRE.^it; ..-our Fa-i-eriments. noftr"^*^^ ^^^^ ^ng tome p,ge„„., dung was fcaS„7eHf "'"' ' '"'' '="'°"= *"«>"" was fown ,t was Jimed in the ufual Ln "'^ ?"'" "°^ '"'^'^'J. before it put over it befn^e harrowing "'' "''""'^^' ^"^^ ^«™e pigeon's dung waj the .before named" "0^ ^^^VE ^^^ f^he fame found fort withtiari; re filled with a black grain as the three lleeped inalixi- ! not mixed with vium, and before r it. lany found to lie full MENTS. 3on entering her mixed, and was •tty Powder, was very found, but it was not nutty powder. ithad'not beea ixivium as pre- with black powder. MENTS. d quarter, the *. ot mixed with before harrow. tty powder. xed, before it on's dung was f fmut'y powder. ■ with that of dull; before pigeon 'sdunp- 1 ( 58 ) pigeonsdung was feat tcredov^fTt!"'' '"'^ ^'^''' harrowing, fome TThcre was not one ear of fmutty grain. I here we.e four can filled with a fn.utty powder. was itid •: z'zi rnnt7nit°"irr """''^^' r'''^'^ '^-'-^' '- over it before it was harTowed ^' P'^'""" ^""^ was fcattered Th. ^A 7!" T"' '"'" "" '"""' '" '''•="" "^ <■"-= -" "^^ '•-""y powder, fmu'tty "vdl';t\t"e"eMr: Tr" P^^^f^'^/^^'^' "-^ -^ mixed with rome p'ig'eons dung waf Sted ov^erl^"' '""""' ^-^^ '^''^^^ ^^"-'^^ ^ The feed'oT th^ UaT '"'" "" '°""'' ^" ^^"^ ^"'^ ^"'^ '"^ ^^^ ^-n^- wal^eVrnd^p: f„f;;e;raT:i:lS;i^^^^^^ .beforefowingit w.s tered over it. before it vv^as harrowedT ' ^'^'°"* ''""^ '""' ^"'- Every .ear was good and very found, 'except two ears of a bbck powder. at tTh/'^ 7th October two days before the change of the mooa, the wind rtlr'^ Ta^' ^"'^^ as that of the fourth fquare- fneeps dung was fcattered over k • ' '^^'^ harrowing fome The fid ofT '"" " u °' ' '""'' '"'" ^"'^ ''^"^ "^''^^^ ^^" °f ^-"»y P-der. . jt --£h /n :^»L^^-:;: n.i.d be^re^.^ dung was fcattered over it; ^' '^^ harrowing fome iheeps i:i«ps dung was liauered over 1, ''""' ' ^"°" '""""'"S f»mo i lu cnree i.ilt rows were of ^f)lIn^ n.-. -I v / e >=' powder, before f.nvinP, it was vv^fh. 1 / r ,, . '' Lars Oi imuttv F'owder he three Rows fo .win? were alfn r>f «-.,;„ • i -, , ^ ' °^''"' There wa-. not one Ear either of fmutty gr^in or fmuttv Powder. .own,, ana be,„,e harrowed .,,. fcnepo^wder of ^'^1^^ 'f' rSd Atou, ,.e h.lf of ,h, E,„ „„, f,„„„,, „j „,„, f^ii „f ^ ^,^^^ p^_^^^_ Iter where lime ( 64 ) . The grain of the fir/l four rows was found, but before u wis fown wa, iri.ed With fome fmutty powder, and put into the ground JioutbeTn^ citiier waihed or limed. ^ >vunouc oeing At leaft -. mi:ds of che Ear, w«c found to contain f.utty grain, and A,n>e were full of a black pov/der. nf I^.' f °"' "'''' '■°''' '''"■! ''"° °^ '■"^'^ '"'''*'^ ^^"h fmutty powder like that «rrrSed."' '-'-'-'' wasfown,itwa.uLL .^ tltutl About on. half of the Ears were fmutty, and many were filled with a f.utty powder. The four laft rowr were Of the fame feed, mixed with fmutty powder but before it was Town it was waihed and then fteepcd in fome conuno^n wale^ wherein fome lime had been flaked. tumraon water All thofe Ears were found to be good and very found, but there were fome bad grains of fmutty Powder. t TlflNTT SECOND S^JSE,-m three Experhnents feetr<4t.;?.'" °''- "" ""»' " ^""'■' -^ ==- -™ -«""« h- The grain the fame as ufed for the feed of the twenty- fi, ft fjuare. „ \I^'' ^'a ^°";,R°^^ ^vere of found grain, before fowin-, it was befmeared ;:aLT:r'5imedr""' ''"'''' ^"' ^"^ ^"^° ''' ground wi'chout beinTShtr About two thirds of the Ears were found to be fmutty, and many others to be full of a black powder, fromL^f °'''-'"^^'/°r°''''"^ ^°"'' "-"^^'s ^'^^ alfo fmeared with powder llZZ\^T\V^" ^°''' '."'"' P'-=^^di"g' ^'"i before it was fown it vus limed in the ufual manner; it had not been waihed before. Near half of the Ears were fmutty and many full of black powder. , The four la.t rows were alfo of feed mixed with fmutty grain, but before |t was fown It was waihed and ileeped in common water wherein fome lime iua been Uaked, tins water received no other preparation. All the Ears were found to be good and very found, PROOFS of the CAUSE PRODUCING the DISTEMPER. Itrefults from thofe Experiments that no fituation of the winds, no Phafe ^Jlr^' ;!i!''^ n ""V''^ "'?.^": occafioncd any difference in them. I'he feed mixed with the r ovvder or Duft of fmntty grain, and fown without any preparation. ■as esually tainted, yet the fame feed, tho' mingled with the like fmutty po.vder, but waihed before fown. produced found grain. It has moreover ^ten proved, that the grain whicn had been fown with Pipeoa or flieeo's dung_, was not vitiated. It is therefore neither the wind? nor the moon. nur tijc amg wiuch fpoils the grain ; tis nothing but the fmutty powder !• ■ t; i I I i! I! f 6i ) that adheres to the feed anA A^.,r • • • abundant; novv to pre";'!^^^^ according as it is more or lef. clean the feed weilLm the fmutty Po^X";''^'"^ "^^^^^^ ^^^^ifite than to For the generality of Farmprc u ; r ai • whence the^difeafe arifes/and th Vei^ej-^"^^-'?' " '^'"^ '° ^""^ ^^""^ we lea.e to natural-philofophers to exS„ I ' f.'^P^V^"" ^-^^ difcovered ; the caufe of it; I will only ky before him ^ A''' ^"'^^^ differtations. upon as a Phenomenon. ^ ""^"^ ^ ^^'^' ^hich may be looked from whence S feveraffta'iks a/jZ' ^^™^ ^ P*-^"/ confiderable root. fmuttyEars on them Si iu t °^'^" ^"' °"^' 'woor three at moft of the fame Ear are en^r/H!r?°"' ''"'y/'"" allfo-Sometimes the gnain of fometimes they" e ^en' 'ZelinZT I'' 'l' ''■''''''/ ^°""^ «" ^^erf Ear that is found, we find^ another V^u"' r^"' '^ '° '^>'' ^'^J«»"i"g to an I7S9 ] difcovered ^ny^f tho?e Earf ttV' rmutty.-.Daring the hafveft of picked out the found grains and fo^H ^K """" u" P""' ''''^''^' ^ •■'^■•^^"Ilv without wafliing, theySed rtf.^ • "" • V*"" y""" ,'759 by themfelve's merits the attf^tion o/ nhH J'^?^ This remark been experimentalrpl^S'S^S:;:^ of plrr?'' ' ''''- ^° ^^^ ^- THE METHOD to PREVENT SMUTTY GRAIN. powder o^"fm^«;[^^^^ l^yj^P^^l^^ f'^penment., that the dufi or infallibly communicate K, 'tis thereforTefTenri^n ''"P^""' ^"^ that it will feed from it.-Neither the fieve norfknn.r; J- i'^ "'^'^"^y ^o ^'^^"^e the tely ufe. arefufficient to cleanfHt thrughly '^ careful workmen alterna. wh.ch he has defcribel) would anfwer fh, l^tor^'-T ^^'^^''-P^^ation of the reiterated experiments, which ImadebftvP ' 1' ''"' '" ^'^'^ Succeeded; proved it ; But being perfuade^^ th^r H,l ^ '' '."^ ""'P^^*^^ t^''^ year hav^ attending fuch a preparation 'o'tle feed to^th;'^ ''^.^neceffary Lpenci: that might lie in the way for dr i^o- it \vS '''"'' '^' ^ncoveniencies Farmers from ufe of it I rklved?aft fea^X'tin"' ^''^ ^«'"'"^" >■- o^' common water would not be fuffiSriiLTrK ''''''■" ^"^P'^^^^^'"g i'^ with a pretty large quantity of grain a~d lav! f'' l'^[ ""'^^ ^ ^"'"^l oHt had the fame csfdls the lixivium and I hIv/K""^"''7 '^"'"'^°" "'^ter fome years ago one of the principaTKTmcrs afr' ^''l^ ^"f^'''^^'^' that year been confiderably fmuttv haJ r^foP ^ "' '''''^'^ ^rain had one before ,i^i„g, ,„d thit "i follol.'crrn J^ ""^r ^'} '''' ^"^^ g- " therefore I am determined to aShiSf J!u f'^'^^y ^^^^ of ^ut ; n common water in which fome lime had been flaked. ^ No fmutty grain was found in them, only three Ears filled with fmutty powder. TWENTIETH SSIUJRE,-,^ four Experiments feco^roia^t:?.'' ''''''''' ^'^ "^"' '' N°"^' '^' ^^ — -tering her The feed the fame as that of the firft Square. The grain of the three firft rows, was mixed with the powder of fmuttv wheat, and fown without being walhed or limed. ^ Two thirds at leaft of the Ears were found to be fmutty, there were alfo many Ears full of fmutty powder, _ The feed of the three next rows was alfo mixed with fmut, before fow;i it was not waflied, but it was limed in the ufual manner. Near the half of the Ears were found to be fmutty, and four Ears were f;.>ll of black powder. *■ The grain of the following three rows was alfo mixed as that of the three preceding ones, and before it was fown was waflied and Iteencd in I vp nr^ pared as Mr. Tillet diredh. i ^ " ^'^^ P^^' All thofe Ears were found to be good and very found, any kind of duft; before fown ,t was waflied, and then fteeped in the afore- laid Lye, and before harrowing, fome fmutty powder was fcattered over it. More than the half of thofe row, was fmutty grain, and they produced many Ears of fmutty powder. r/r£ATr /'/iJSr S^t7^;?^,-.in three Experiments. wind'It fvtth^'' '^'^°''"' ^"^^ "^°°" -^--g ^^^ ^-^"'i quarter and the The feed was confurmable to that of the thirteenth fqu,re. J powder. lixed with fome i^ed or limed. Ears full of fmutty •mixed with duft 3Ut it was limed owder. vife mixed with and then fteeped I fmutty powder. ENTS, on entering her owder of fmutty were alfo many Ears lut, before fown ..r Ears yrere fL>ll o[ that of the three pcd in Lye pre- not mixed with 'ed in the afore- ttered over it. iroduccd many Earg ( 66 ) ASIMPLE AND EASY METHOD, to cleanse seed FaoM the- Smutty Powder. Take two Calks or Puncheons, open at one end, pour into the one com- mon water, lucn as is to be met with where one lives, and in the other ilake lume lime with boiling water in the ufual manner; then take one or two baikets, not too clofely worked, and with lonj^ upright handles. The Balkets Ihould be made to enter eafily into the calks, and to contain about one bulnel ol grain each ; Putintoone of the bafkets about half a bu.Tiel of grain, and then dip It into the ca(k where the common water is, ftir the grain well with tlic hand, or with a little wooden flioi-el, raifing and faliine the bafketfeveral times! . this operation cleanfes the ieed thoroughly ; the Imutty grains that have not been bruifed, fwim, and are to, be taken off wi h a fkimmcr, and the water, when it becomes foul, mult be changed ; the grain in the balket being thus pertcdly cleaned, the baiket muft be hung uj to drain, after which, it is ■ dipped into the cafk wiiere the lime is, and which muil firit be well llirred up from the lot:om, for the lime precipitates itlelt v(ry foon, and without this precaution, the feed would not befufficientiy lirm-d, the balket muft be dipped two or three times into this c ifk, afterwards it is hung up to draia for a few minntes, and then the grain thus wafhed and limed is laid in a corner of the granary where it foon drit:s, and is fit for fowing the next day, but in cuie it Ihould remai:i there leverr.l days before ufed, it will be very neceifary to llir it with a fhovel in order to prevent accidents. [juarter and the OBSERVATIONS. This preparation of the feed, is neither expenfive, tedious nordifficult;. myfeit and thiee more prepared lall year in this manner fifteen feptiers^ which weigh about zjolb each, we were only four hours in walhing and liming the whole, 'tis true Iinaue ufe of two balkets, one of which was draining, whilit we dipped tne two others, which forwarded the bufinefs. I fowed thefe ic feptiers on a piece oi ground, and had fcarcely any fmut in it, this produce will fupply me with all the f2ed I (hall want thi= year to fow one hundred acres or one hundred and fixty arpents of ground. I fiiall alfo waih after the above manner, fifteen feptiersof this harvell which I fliall fow by itfelf, fo that the grain produced from it, may furnilh the feed for 1762. continuing this procels for fome years, I am perfuaded I (hall never have any fmutty grain, the feed will be fo very clear; and fliouldit even be uece/fary to con- tinue the fame procefs for fome years, yet it isfoeafy, and of fuch little expence, that no careful Farmer ought to negledl it, tho' in all probability it would not be neceflary for more than three years. An example quoted by a Farmer of the fubdelegation of Andeley is a proof of it; He aflerts, that having the good fortune to have grain perfeftly clean, for more than- twenty years that altho' he has not changed it, he has not had a fingle Ear of fmutty wheat, although his neighbours grain has been often (mutty ; he. '''■ 'I ( 67 ) years he has been fettled o^ the^Vexin and a W l'. ^'"'[^ ' 1°' '^' '^^ ^^^ at all tjmes of the moon, and S every wbd .nnVn'^?'^^^ Pigeon 's dung, or folded Sheep on the fDorinl'n^^ '. H ''"' ""^'^^ "<"« of always reaped very found grain frnl 1 • r'n '° ^^ ^°"'"' X^t he has thing depends c./having^ve J \Z kcTV ^°''°^'' '^'' ^" ^"'^ ^^er; that the wafhing, not only prcfoves the t'r«t f " I" ■" '■'Z'""" ^^ '""PP^^^- from having any of the ElrUhTwikth^^^^^^ ^"^ ^'^o yet affirm it to be fo, but I have7em"rked thTr7 h^ ^'Z'^7' ^ ^^'^ "«^ «« thofe crops, the feed of which had bTc^waflled ' ''''^'""''^ ^'^' °^" ^^ I^no'i'n'ry'eVt'o^rcrir^rit^"^^ ^'^^ nece/TarytoHmethefeed be of my operations "'^"akes, u may not be amifs to give an account whirs'vJdr^i^^iL^ ^:srrnd\tu ^^°r^. ^ into the other calk, in whicrcwo iMheln 'flf ^r r' '^'^^"'"y "^^'^•"^^•^ flaked with 24 pots or twelve eTlbnsffhnn- °'^ ''^'""'^ ''-^'^ ^^'^"^ before fufficient to lime the fifteen7entiers iSe^"^'''''^ ' ^^ q^'^"^'^)' I found it more or lefs, it may be re 'uh ed bvX " '. r^""*^ ^''^'"^ '° ''"'^ everonemight venturcno add al^^tlemVr^ i;' ''; ''^"u'"'"' °'" ^"^^^''•' '^"vv- it will make' the grain become dr; the'oonir"' '" "'^'' ' ^''' n^^nuoncd, loughtalfo to inform thofe who will ftndv tl,«;. to follow my Example, that if in w^ W L r • ''T ''^^^'•"t fo far as ihouldnafs 'through' the bafl:et into^hrca^'^lifo' ?.ai„, fome of it in the bottom of the cafks till the ooer-itinn L ' ^"'* ^'t'" ^° remaining AWlen, but not fpoiled : that whi'h !u b °" " T"' n""-^*^ confiderably only require to be'dried, and ^ha t the -^^ l^, ^ ,h" w T' ')'^ '""''" "''' dipped in the Hme water that rem lins ns '.,7 u 7 °."'y' '""'^ ^^ but I have always been careful to wUirrirr' '"•'' '^'' '''"''^ S--.'io. bottom of the ca'fks, the whole pafi'cd through it ^''"^ V^"' ^'""'^ '" ^'^^ to be perfeftly good. ^ °"S!^ the procefs, and was found Translated from the Fiienck. FJNIS. 1 Quebec: Printed by SAMuifj^Eii isoN,No 3, Mountain are et.