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©19
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Th«
to tf
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i
University of Guelph
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University of Guelph
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d'imeges n^csssaira. Las disgrammes suivants
illustrent le mithode.
1
2
3
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1
2
3
4
5
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INDEX.
To find any place on tlio mnp,
draw a straight lino from tlio
lettora on lUo si.lo to join u
■imiliir lino ilmwn from the
uuniiTals on the lop.
c. p«iw«'
m
I. Crmr.ToTi
QV
.TSl>
Jlrock,
Alexandria
' Anderson
huf
/*■ InA.
villa,
Aslicroft.
llabiiio Villngo .,
Hxrhervllie...
Bulkleyllonse...
taclio Creok
CliemainHS
Ctiitco
C'hillinhack
Clinton
Conrix
Cotl .■nwood
Courchnn
Deaso House
Dog Creek
i!iMnnro
Knglish B'aclory.!
Esqiilmnlt.
..O 11
■ M U
■ ■■L L-)
..E Bl
..E 21)
■ E ai
...h 11)
R 15
](j Man!
c. (■(
igi rorl linbino
I'ortOiilleotin..
I'ortCoiineliy .
* v.ii IIIIUIIIU
i'ortyillleot
{■ort Coiinell
tort Friiser. . .,
1400 Fort Ueorgo...,
fortJumcs
lort Wrangol..
rort Rupert
Fort Shepliord.
(Jranvillo
Oreiit Slide ....
Ilnrvcy Creek
H.Il.Co. Fort :
Uogun'a Landing
Hope
H. II. Co'a. Trading Pnii
Indian Village
.0 19 M.im!" r.iy
. K 10 M, .1-11111 M IS
O 12 .Moi.ilyville P '7
..E 1« Jniinlllio M i4
..R l-'i ^ascotin Viliage E 1,' ^k
■ li 30 Kew Weslmluiitcr.. IJ li; \^
...I Irt Nicola Lake N LU
..E 32 Obelisk " '■■
. E ^S Oltanagan
. S l.') Okanagan Mission
..E 31 "!'!,1J""
. .0 111 Old Fort
..D 31) 01,1 Fort
.1) 1;) Old Village
- C 17 I'l'iiiberton
.li ];-, riiiclia
. .1) M j'ort Moody
L 7 rort Es.wington —
n'QCOTSt) ? w" ' ^ *^
r»i.li« Pi. W I i -:■
II IJ ^''"""•.a /,J„ ; W«4,
•■■ootkaI 20uO ■" "*'
to 2S00
1 1, V VnaqulnnS r
WVl. ~ - * 'V
A'rtow — •'■■••I'"" ''^ '*
£aoilante
'*" «'.tvATEB fOMSf
tgl:e Hutluu >unkut ^^^
I.ttkr ,(i'
19 2C
V^rom Orwiiwicli
; H
i
:CAR1B0
ftrr:
'^«.
(ffu-naclj
t^(CtMZa.le'
t'M L'UTI.M)
FORIiJt PUTi<u
^ ^^^ .^..^
•ib.
Thuflo,
7, .
P"ajii(n'ni'^,]^J ^\
. .0 27 Princoton . . .-.
..p ](} Oiicsnelle
,G U U"«wncllc Fork*
.•.•;.^8 i.
....N 2i
....D 31
....E 14
...L 21
...K 12
....M 17
....D 14
... Q 17
....A 3 -_
P 22
....E 17
F 10
E 20
¥ 20 itichfleld ^ ai
L 21 Roman CatbnUoMi.ssion.O 21
.K 32 helon L 18
,P 20 tibtooilit (} 11
'. a Hkeena p 29
13 tSoda Crook (j 18
Indian Village j.; 29 ,«omenos.
Kamlooim |, o; Sooko
Kilawalaks e 29 Nim-'ih-o's BrldKo
K'spyux H 30 «!. Paul
Itoolenav q 3.1 S:fm>t-
K"'* .D 29 Taclio....
Ijldln-i E
L_^ l^aiiding ^ „j
47> I'llliHwl ], ]r) Viplnrin u io
ten!," VjVA-ic-': N 19 Wrlllnmon, Departure
McPonold'sOilSprings..!.; .il „ . Hay .. .,0 u
— ■■• ■ ,.E 32 ^"'o 19
R 15
S 15
M 21)
.L 22
.Q 11
A 13
"«!" „•■ V l> 29 i,»'-'"° A 13
10 "tllacho I 20 laparntowoot (1 n
idiK'r'8 Landing Q 17 Wto.launoCooho.. F 23
""'ing £ 31 Van Winkle '. fe 19
AleLeod'i} Fort.
B2°
L
. V«Me. li
InUt" k.td
'■■"• f
-fnter.
A"
*'^'\
i
J, J.'
(ireei
Loch Lake
Lomonii
Clinton ^on»
1^''
O .1 %
ir Ciche Crfi-k BiJ
f O [jllooet -v.,
\X1 "^^iT
k%. ■•<'c^«A,„, Jr i.r.
^0* O i'«ljlK*.
%«
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JIus/ii
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I*
Sprouts t.
De$ertei
«.»>«1
s;j^4t..7i)
i
t\irtutalij
»<!►'
II
12
^^1
=«^....„,^^,Up,
"'(/(Of ' ■.,' \ ~i-'
14
15
(7
J
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16 17
4^j^j^,;
.x**
C'Im
U| Cftnon y^
"MtTi.— '
Iffiht H^tlut 'itukut ^^•
27
28
32
33
34
.^Cx^RlBOp
\>< lliirlC44rvHln
oKllrtlllil'l
Antler
l|, / "^-Z Wei *^>
\W oHajHyiopi' I, ft 5 I V
». T"* lo*" r '•*« ill ■«.
* 5 1 «XJ * \
— 1 " ■ i
UPPER PORTION \
of \
BRITISH COLUMBIA';
Thutij^t L\
'11^ .,,1,;, - ■' . • ♦«.n«u»;* V .A>
i%
■m>up
I*^ -i.*t*,i,
^ A'luJ't
Port F.-^lo|loQ
.Nuuittro
'^■'^,.
C A Si BO 0^1 'V
i JV-H'A* A
J 4~^ Jauna
9^ Loch
Hreen
Lake
IVanTHUU L
■>, I»«nd. V i'' .^ ■—
\*rr). „ '+»'''• IL.iH.ri' niJ.llai.
//
?f^5«
-Uw/l.^ulsol.
.„f.''
' Swlth [,
r7
\"^
E
r
*"'«»4n"i.t «. '<r!
t8
D S
E ^'
«A Sou'''
• l. ColviUo
CMan Lakt
'1 tit fidin 4 J® Washtiigton
20
21
MAP OF
BRITISH COLUMBIA
1SS3.
/
; rt»print«d W the Mip of R. T. Williami, Vic*ori..
SCAI.R OF STATl'TK MItES.
•9 - 60
22
23
24
2S
26
27
28
29
30
3\ "
32
PRC
Britisli C
the cotiHt ) i.s
only Hritisli
continent.
The prin(
American tet
countries, i)u
tiie whole, is
sons : — Tiikii;
healthy and
of California,
lire the beat (
harbours, suji
;ire very extc
less, titles are
the laws are
l)eople can tie
The uova
•iO" N. ; on the
I if Alaska; or
'>ii the East t
though extenc
Vancouve
liecame a colo
British Colum
' KH'ame one of
I if its resource
value, British
West Americf
important par
in a speech in
" Canada
" interest, and
" faction her c
CANADA.
PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.
INFOKMATION FOR Sl'/rTLEES.
Britisli Coliuuhia (inchidiug Vancouver, Qiiwn Charlotte, and other islands alonp
the coast I is tliat portion of Canada whi(-h look.s out on tlie Pacific Ocean. It is the
only iMitish territory on the western, or Pacific Ocean aide of the North American
continent.
The principal other countries on the Pacific Ocean aide of the continent are tho
American territories and states of Wasliinjrton, Oregon, and California. These are fine
countries, hut each has its adviiiita;,'es and disadvantanea. Britisli Columbia, ni)oii
the whc)le,is the Ijeatof these countries to settle in, for the followiiitr substantial rea-
sons :— Taking the whole year round, or, taking a series of vears, the climate is more
f ?' •? ■ ^'y'-'yible. The wheat, barley, and hoi)S of British Columbia beat those
ot Lalnornia, and her root cinps beat those of Oregon. Her grass-fed beef and mutton
are the best on the continent. British Columbia has more coal, and better coal, finer
liarbours, superior lisii, sounder trees. Her mineral lands containini: precious metals
;ire very extensive. The public domain is sold cheaiily, the taxation is immonselv
less, titles are more secure, the Government maintains free, unsectarian public schools,
tlie laws are better carried out, tlie ixjople have as much mlitical freedom aa any
l)eople can desire.
BOUNDARIES.
Tlie uo> adaries of British Columbia are as follow :— On the North tho parallel of
(10 N.; on tae West the Pacilic Ocwan and the frontier of the United States territory
< it Alaska ; on the South the parallel of 49° N. (the bouiidary of tho United States) ; and
nil the East the Rocky Mountains and the meridian of 120° AV. Vancouver Island
though extending southerly beyond tho 4'Jth parallel, is whoUv within the province.
HISTOEY.
Vancouver Island was constituted a colony in 1849. The groat mainland territory
became a colony in 1858. The two colonies were united in IS^i, under the name of
British Columbia, and so continued until the 20th July, 1871, at which date the colony
I locame one of the provinces of Canada. From its tine climate, its harbours, the variety
I it Its resources, its vast deposits of gold, coal, iron, and other minerals of economic
value, British Columbia may be regarded as, in many respects, a duplicate in North-
west America, of Great Britain and Ireland. The provinces must alwavs be a most
uiiportant p.art of Canada. Governor-General the Earl of IXiffcrin said <m this rioint
111 a speech in Victoria, 20th September, 1876 :—
^ " Canada would indeed be dead to the most self-evident considerations of self-
interest, and to the first instincts of national pride, if she did not regard with satis-
faction her connection with a province so richly endowed by nature, inhabited by a
h
M tl
9 ± >yu\
"-/^an^
" cominn.iity Hon-plnto wiU. British lovaltynnd pluck, wl.ilo it aHur.l.Ml l,ertl.t> uu-,n.
It jnta nut ftvui
POSITION ON THE GLORE.
Alnrfh'w^Tf '''''• *''*^ Hituation of the province ia very iiniwrtant.
North-Uent Aiuencaa.s(,roat Britain juts out from Euro{H.. *ri,o loinpara'tivc-lv favo,,,.
tniV V ;:il.'*iLr*''' ''"^ •'"'""'' <'•""«.«"<» Australia. ti.e dire . il'm , f .
S^^^^^^^^^^ ^''f'T'^' *''« «'^r "V'""'- *'■» "">'""«« fertile n.,-ion thruu.l,
ft>e > ,. ^. n 1 '"■'(icliiulway reaches the .seaboard of Britisln '..hunbia-liukn,
t el acific. Ocean to the system of the 8t. Lawren.^o navlKutio,. o.i the eus rnsi 1,' ,',
P^nZr'""." * ""^'""''i^r''"' ^'^.'''^ «^«ren,ely favourable to the jrrowtW a wi l
fnC o con„,,rce The ojhju ..« of the I'anama Canal, also, will have a nn rk, 'l
influence, (oniinercially, on the future of tlie Xorf h-West of America.
It is^ot imjMirtaii.'e to eousid.T tiie position of the i'roviiice with regard to il„.
"fertiobeU-int^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'T !''?' '•"^"'"! "*' '''^' <'<,ntincuf known s,.
tlemeS An, i,^v n y."' "^«'llt plauis, not admittinu either of cultivation or s, r-
th^r^l,!;, p •i^'**'^'','^'''"'^.* Pa«8 through the Rocky M.mntaius, on the lin,- ,,)
the Canadian Raihvay, is less than one-half that of the Union Pacitie
TTn,-<.n'i"'"f'f'"''''"'!/'o''"'','>"' Of alt itudes of three trans-continental raihvav routes-th.
£?rhnrv''"i '"'.•''"V®''" Fianc SCO as terminus; the Northern Pacific in rnitod Stat .
pf^fin-'i?^"'*'"^'^""" '''"^'' ''^ ^''^^ '"'^^^ ^'f '-"^l^" Woi^^rior; and the Cana i „
T efoh;uin?/f'"'"r'''''"^"' "^''^''««'^ '" «ra.lient8 in favour' of the 081-^0,:
e'^lrnS&S^rS^^n^'L'Ve^^ ^"'"^'" ^^^^^'""'^^'^ '" "- ~^-"' -^'
the ISS ft,S%Sr'^Jr ^''"V^K ^ail^'^y '!^ 'I 'throufrh' route between ixjrts „„
illLtrlfts L r^m^ri t'^i ^''''''•"'' ^'^^^ <-"«'"I'arative profile of altitu.les as above -iv,,,.
Pn .Ifwfp -i J^einarkablo enKiueenng advantages which it possesses over the I'lii,.
Tre no Wev^; T/« '^l'"'' f'^f""' ^" '"^ ''-'''^'^'^' ^"^ ^^^ ™or« favourable gradien,
are not, now ever, tiie oiil v advantages.
thattlmS^rnent'l!?i.T"*'°"'"^'' \^u question of distances, shows, beyou.l dispute,
fv!fll- *• "i®"* *-'"? ^^ spanned by a much shorter line on Canadian soil than l.\
the existing railways through the United States. '
3 363 miles S!lirfrTv''"w^'^''-'^*^ New York, by the Union Pacific Railwav. is
Sr^teci^nroTto"^'^^ '' '' only 2,730, or «33 miles:,,
„„ , p^y t'^« construction of the Canadian Pacific Railwav, even New York Boston
are aXSnt.'"" ^ ^•■°"^"'* *''°°^ '«^ "" '^^^ '""*^« nearer the Pacific coLt than t}',.'! I'
passlfemTU'r/wtfr .Vh*?'"" .Pacific Railway, the Canadian line will shorten tl.,.
passage IromLnerpoo to China, indirect distance, more than 1,000 ■ iles
th« fOni'?" "'«.''«'"arkable engineering advantages which appear i^ obtainable on
the Cana. ban Line, and the very great reduction in mileage above rfoi jr ed to are take
into consideration. It is evident that the Canadian PacKanwTy,LeSer^gi^,.
deX. i '"" *"' t !^".rough traffic between the two oceans, will i^ssesl in a very 1 '
degree the essential elements for success." ia>ciyiii_n
Impiriannteres? '^^" "'^* """ Canadian Pacific Railway has not only Canadian but
worthy o7'Z« !ll^f^fi^°?'^^"r""T*'""«Slt^® Canadian Pacific Railway.it is
T i^,„fll 7."'/^ *' "L*^® distance from Japan, China or the Pacific Coast Kenerallv t(i
PrcmrRafll'.T T.*? ''^^ "^^'fr!^'' ^V the Canadian Pacific tharby t"ie Ui^i,!,,
«t^i5 RaihNay. In reference to this point. Professor Maury, U.S.. writes:— " The
4aDantoM^'^^-^'''=°"^'''"^^\^"^/"*«^*y «'^« of «'« ^o^ from Sina an'i
« pfacrwonld^I.XT^'' complete y that a trading vessel under canvas to the latter
" a f return oa^^r^lxv^^nw^ T^^f '^ ^''" Y^ ^'^''''^ ^'"^ Vancouver Island-so that
" besides lf«^«^^ ^'^ naturally come there in order to save two or three weeks,
advSaL ermiv«^Pnf f^f'^t* " T!*' ^°^1^«^' ^ ^^«"ly Understood that this
advantage, equivalent to the distance between Vancouver Island and San Francisco,
vi/,. almut 7l
liy the Caiin
Tliese vi
heightened 1
Canadian Pj
a striking i
Mngland, in
" The pc
an an index :
tint enough t
qiiulity, choa
ait! extensivt
the Californii
■ (iiality. Ta^
ciia.Tit an* fori
lin' a time at
New fciuiith '
(ii'lK'nds mail
III be cheaijly
iviiKived by t
lias tho (^hea|
of good quali
tiiofast. *
it IS Hot New
I'osition that
\'anciiii\('r, ji
Inim EurujH'.'
The prcj)
nation of the
IcjKisits of B
another chapt
'.'vidence of 1)
its last .sessioi
United States
steam purposi
ir AV'ellington
Territorv, U.!
i>iablo(Califo
authority of ;
dcrance 'ment
Tho simp
making steam
considered, as
curves, tho sli
instead of the
sidcred in con
of the contine
tioiis of coma
near future, e
between the (
These are fact
There is s
Columbia, nai
wealth and po
America and t
sJKjwn in tlie i
the two last A'
to reach the .
I'Vancisco and
hy the openin
the immense i
I'l'tlie iiifiiii-
M'ilir jilltl till
llts out fmiii
ivi'lyfavniii-
uotiun of iliM
.'i(jn tliniiijli
bill — liiikiiij
isturu siilc ..i
of a widciy
'o a niarkcil
'Kurd fo till.
K) Canailiiiii
own as til.
ation or .-s t-
tlie liin- n|
routes — tlir
uited Stalin
o Canadian
last-nauic i.
nection, aiv
m ports (.11
bovo ;rivi'ii.
r tlio Unii'M
le gradient-
lid disjniti',
oil than Ly
Railway, is
33 miles in
irk, Bosto/i.
t than tlii'v
ihorten tlu'
ainable on
3 aretakon
tering iniu
. very liiiih
ladian but
Iway, it is
snerally to
the Union
38 :— "Tilt'
^hina and
) the latter
i— so thai
ree weeks,
that this
Francisco,
liz., al)out , ..
iv tiie Canadian rontt
8
9 independent of an. I in addition to.th
■ "iven alK)ve.
Having of (Ii^('(■tdiatan^e
^>^^Ji^^^iWiX^:i/Sl^^^^ :r''f "" *« '>-—- -- very nn,.h
Canadian I'a. ili.. (.oa..t'and t ,« Jains Crj^^^^^^^^^ '// "npor.nnt ston-.s of (oar on tlu>
;. striking .nannor bv Sir ("mrC J 1^",,^^ ^ Mounta.ns. This is pnt in
i:ngland,1nhis)...okentitled''^;"u.';'^S^ «i; ItlrK^sslf^H •- '' "'^ '''•°"" "'
not enough to know where ,oaL ^ 1 I if VT''!"-" "** J''** '''''^'^ ' '>"^ *♦• '«
quality, <.heapn..s. of labour amrfaei lUv o^t In ort '' n cLif..*^ T V" V-'" •''"T^'
a..,K.nds n.ainlv on\hoa. . n . >/, | • i , tlT'.'!, r " "■^'^''''.'^'^^ 'i"^' "'"«t powerful
lo 1)0 .hcai^lv raised. The dear Js of , , l , "T '^"^"lf';\'vV!y I">«so«8, «o situated as
luis the eheaiM-st labour, and u, o Tsis at' V i^.'.. I'n'""'''.""* ^'^ '^"""' ^^'^^««
of.^oml quality for uuinufa.^tur ng p mosos akhon h^^^ " ui.undantBt.,re8 of coal
too fast. * * * TheffitirJ niL^P T^^
it IS not :Vew Zealand, the te tr of tl o w^r r''!''" "'"'!' ' " i^fV^tobiy brilUant, but
|««iti..nthatEndandlmtSontli Vt^S^ ^V'^' ^'" "'^'"''y ^'"'
\;uie.,uver, jutting out into the fVC.fV m 1 ■ ' ^''^«'"»» country such as .Japan or
ironi Jmuo,;.." ^ '^■"''" ^"'"^ -^'^"^ '"• ^'•o'" ^^mwifa, Jis England juts out
nati,3I ol^h!;'nlS^^tllKl^.";S' r""-^'"^ t« Sir ^'arles, is to make the great
sits of Brltisl^(■;,^!n':l!lf'!::^?;".l•'^!:'''"•'^ '^' '.^» ^.^^^t'ed l>y the fact of the a,al
^ .....,,, .jtatco lu iiBi uiiaiii wriat coal on tlie a
Territory.S^S. coal, to Sx of C^.^ ^ a)ni^ "*,^,""'« ( Wash.ngton
l>iablo(California) coal. Thssun<rior?tvif/n,n lit/'- \ 'TJ^u"'? ^'^'^^ °* *^"nte
mithority of a test macle ft, rt^„'r.S^ Government «^
dcraiice mentioned by the English wHter aKTmot'ed *'" •^"''""" "' P""^"^^""
of tlu, continent. SucT'SildeatTorS °" *''", *^^«^«'-». ^^^
t ions of commercial foHTS wine are uSo ntF«^^^,^^^^ *'^'''" conjnnc-
*i,p two I"'!! A.Hsif.li-.ri TT-firr,ar; i L- "i • . "■ • '"^'"t-ron, tlio (anadiau Commis.s onerto
to rlZtLAn^la^^^^^^ and most rapid route
IVancisco and the Pacific Ocein RnVf^vrPo^ '^i- ., "x? contment, has been via San
by the opening of U.o C W^f Cm Ant'^'Z.'^ are greatly increased
the immense deposits east o^ ^S; iS^^s^'^^cI^^^'SlS^^^
i-ii
I
i
fairly Hot l-Curo his in Snuri's f T, l'' ''','"■'":''/ "'".'"''''^ "'">•- <l'er«f„r.-,
iuiajriuatiou. l'ii'U.sums of Iiuih, .•sii(hci..iu f. .sutisfy tiu« ino.st urdnii
KXIST1X(; TKADK.
aiul .-oal-sea I.rodu.-L-' ' lv » S.m an '^^^^^ hoy .ot.s.st of minoralH-,.hieHyV'ol.l
•Murk..ts in Great Britai, X" n i/ri s "^^ ''"■^'j.l'Hl!'^ <■" - ^vl•i<•h mi.l,
<'l>ina, Japan, amHl"S;.lwHK!l«^T^ ''""'■"'. 'i""?' ^''"'' A''''''- Australia
'■nnsi.l,,ri„«tl.. , e. oft u^ l.e amount of t ,u oxj^trtM is rc.narkahl...
tV.luinhia in n^^r f, , ro t ' " ^.^ ''?"' V''''"' of ex,Kjrta from Hritisl,
otherPr,.vin(t,sof C a , It "x'luH^ '*"'' 'f?.'* ''"»?" "^ «MH'rt« from tl:.
tories. «^ana.l.u Jtux.uiuls tliat ol any of tlio udjawnt American terri-
Eastern P^nMn^^sot•^ana^ ^'™!!''."' ''^'\ ^^''» ""I^Tts iW.m tl...
...«s^i;K;&SiBSB^^^^^ "^
MINERALS.
an,l «le dairSld duSni^^^^^^^^^ ''^""r- .T"« -I-rion-o of minors,
Govenunent,e8ShtlmefiZ,fpinff,r ^. "'? !-'eolog,cal of fleers of the Canadian
gold, <.oal, silver ior.WtdS '" ^"''''' Columbia-
and the co8t of labour anl^upp es 1™^^^^^^^ si If ?ak .'"firt""/'"-' '' T'''^^ ■""
province of the Dominiou of ( Liula an 1 .'l in! ! i. ^^^ I''**''*^ ^*^ "'® ™'»'"-
in North Amerlciu «anaUa, and, ultimately, as second to no other countrs
GOLD.
ix, finr Pa" Tn7g^i:i Sr elisTL'Toffi^^^
latitude. The gol(l f(,ri a ion .kroner nf^^^^^^^ *'j''* ''''*''"!' through ten degrees „l
andcldoritic,bCsl orgreenir^^^ country consists of a series of talcos.
micaceous, and generally IwS '"^^'^*^' '^''"'^ occasionally beconi..
bearing shdes of SSI Xg^^^^^^^^^^^
to tt.0 gold-bearing rocks of Ca fornia and Soved to LTi^f if ''''*^f ^ corresponding
connection with the disturbed r^oif lying wit oniieRLkrS^ '-PP^t^""' '"
COAL.
ThedlST:^^^S«fprj-TntX
are found to be sunerior for all nrloH^oi ^^ ' ^^"^ouver Island bituminous coals
Pan Franc
ing very j
L'ohnnbia.
and indica
It iso
("alifiirnia
iniiMirts w
iniportH liii
they luivn
at San l-'ra
The p(
A test
find the be
ijiiantitv ol
IT'S, of ('V)O
I>rov<Hl tlia
a marked t
Groat ]
(^anada— a
coal fields
rich magnc
other impi:
Strait of G
close to the
of the Prov
Snver
assayed ha
Fraser, and
.Shuswap.
argontiferoi
district, hot
Tliere is i\\
vince. Sjxj
show a lug
Copper,
mica and -
copper bein
" Free i
" free minei
or three yea
on making i
w ages, mu8(
Claims
is three day
additional "t
in meeting,
interests mi
Pan Francisro, aro from Vanmnvor Island. Coal formations of fnrti,...v .. <• • .
r'::i:'"V::r?^!'Vk!'';™'« 1"''"^ ^-^ <> lar^ro i.w.r.:aso nf',1,., ,.,;al ,ra.l.« of fho province.
a
A toHt l)y tho War Di^purtni.Milof tl.o I'liitod States a^ air,., ,lv «(,/,.,! i.,*^, i V
find tl.o l...st Ht.ian.-raiRini ,-oal on tho I'acili,- .4iHt hIu\ o ?l ' .f ^ .^^^ " ordor to
..antjt,; of stoatn, it to..k1,S„„ ft,s. of Va.u.-mvor i'lilt ^ I , f ,1:;^;^;^ -^ ^^l^o^
IRON.
STLVKR.
IjrttHer, and a ri.ai si ver ore has l,een bron^d.t from U.erry Cn "k a trihntarv nf t
OTHER :minj:kals.
MINING LAWS.
Free Mixers.
" fJl ^^'^ °?/"^'^ '! ?"'y can have right or interest in mining chiims or ditches A
free mmer " must be over 16 years of age. His <ortificate miy be for one veaf (Sst
or three years (.sl5), and is not transferable. Ho may enter and mine ('ro ni knds or
on making compensation, lands occupied for other than minin- m™^ TcS^
wages, must have free miner's certificate. I'liriKjaes. lo reco\er
RECORD, &c., OF CLAIMS.
Claims must bo recon'pd ^$'>,'50'> q.nH rt\.rr\rr.rA^i "^o -{\\ t- h •. -.
is thr^e days after locatioiVifwTtS ton miKf'otti^^-ot aSdTtbS?^!' t/^^r^y
additional ten miles, or fraction thereof. In very remote nlacps minor« o..I,^mPi
n meeting, may . make .valid rules l^mporarilj^ SX of\S7'o7^nni
interests must be m writing and register^ FrL miners Lly hold kn^ nunXr of
•■^'•^f'
-iH
iw 'if
I ■
6
marCc^flSvri'n'"* ""^^^I" ^'^' rt^™P*'°"' «'^^*^Pt '" '^^rtain oases. f!laims
istiiateNery lul claim or fuir interest must be worked either by owner or aL'ent A
Iree Tn,n..r can, ,y record, get a fair share of water necessarv to work claim A daim
NATUKE AND SIZE OF OKDINARY MINING CLAIMS.
Si/.es^lre"' 'inr dlL'in.J^"' fn.!*"}- T ^f^^l^.^^ ^nd must be staked by post or trae.
oi/,es are, oar Uigfrinfi.s, 100 Icet wide at liif,'h-\vatcr mark, and tlieiice nxtpud intr,
no Z'Z ""^ '^'' ^''''''* 7'^^"'. ^^'f- " ^^'y Ji«»'"^«« " 100 f<^'Ot s< are "Creek daims"
100 feet loiio; measured in the direction of tliS general coun^e of the stro'im an 1 «h«ll
extend in width from base to base of the hill or bend on el5 side but when thl
DISCOVEREUS- CLAIMS.
ToamHv'nfnf'-f 300 feet in len. i
JO a party of two discoverers liOO ,] .
lo a party of three discoverers 800 do
lo a party of four discoverers '. looo do'
"'t^Si^'SoldJ^"^^^ '^^^^""'^ ^""^'"' -"'^-. a claim of
discovered n the vi fn ?J^?'} previously worked at a ditterent level; and dry diZ-in 's
cJ.!^:!Z'I^Z:tZS^ ^'^^'^^ ^-^"^ ^«* - --^^^ «>d« «^ ^^e ^ntr. of the
LEAVE OF ABSENCE.
On discovery of new lode or vein containing minerals, (i months
Under other conditions Gold ( 'ommissioner has option.
MINERAL CLAIMS.
Crown grai
sentation a
Genera
may be-
The pn
dred dollar
the claim, t
obtained a^
the location
I'ato imnied
An anil
is payable o
Leases <
general be
greater than
In dry t
In l)ar d
In bar c
high-i
The regi
inay be state
ditch or slui
placetl horiz(
half the qua
with a const
A twelvf
may be gran
for another v
license is n()i
Lands and V
the said Lan^
The gene
It occupies th
western edge
Rocky Moun
I tread th over
The Rod
region of Cei
rock. They c
less nearly pa
iireadth of ov
< »(.ean have tl
proceed nortli
more diffuse, :
are represents
The surfa
may be divid
irregular belt
100 miles, up t
continuation '
eastern side ol
parallel to the
one of the moi
the western si
[>re-
hun-
nix)n
have
2SS!!i^::^i^2a^ZSS^ "^^ '^^"^ ^" *"« Government, in ll.u of re, ._
.nay'ir'"^ provision-s for ordinary mming claims apply to n.ineral daims as far as
the claim, to the satisf^ct Zof a Go (^' W^^ ''"'" '" «^I^"'l«l annually u,
ohtained aoertiflcate from t He t^M vl,, m °"T' iV"^ *'"'^' *''» o«'»'>- shall h
the location of the claim an tlSftenT'L'! ^'j'^* «!'"''' ^^'^'''" '^ >'''«'- ^■'•«'"
'■ate immediately after its fg^^^''^^^-''^^'^ •^""""•"J , and shah have recorded the certifi-
is paj^r onllSlsISeJ^nir' "' ^'^^'"""^' '""'' ^^ '"^ ^^-' '^^ --y nnneral claim
.enei^ri^^iSl^Trik^'trS'^;,;^-' '"'^^ '>^ '--''' '>"* -'1 ""t ia
greater than- ^ "-"^ "'"'" ^' " >«'"«' "•• <<^r a .|uantity of j^n.und
In dry di^'dnKs.ten acres;
!n IJar :llSi;S'^Sfi/';;^;-r;;^7' '-^tl, alon« the hi^l.-water mark.
hifrh-waTer mark '^'•'"^•'""•''l. """ nnle a.ul a half in len^nh alon;,' the
'^^^y^S!(t:rt^^^^:^:^Z\^^^^^^^^ -r' not be .le,ailed,b«t it
-ltd. or sluice head. No ;" crsho d / " t d /fn 'V';'; '"",*'! '^^' n.easured at the
placed horizo.itally at the j. ace aT vhid. S,« In '"'l'*"'' • "" '''""'« '^^'■''1'* '^ '^ ♦''.juyh
half the quantity that wil mss thro /d a o h ce f w'^^ ' ' ' *!"•' "',''' "^" ^^■'^*^''- '""'"«
wnh a constant head of se^ln incEfc ^'"^^^IS^IT^lpl^rlZr '"' "''"'
COAL I'KOSPECTIXG LICENSES.
La,ids and Works. If" a 1 ce,.seo I les to ^^^fJlT *" ^J" ^,^'¥ t'o.nndssioner of
the said Land Act at $2.50 per acl^ to purchase the coal lands, ho may do so under
THE SURFACE OF THE PROVINCE.
It o^i^i^'SiSs^::'::^'^^^^ SS^- -rr '^ '^r^^^' '- ^- -->-
western edge of the great plain or pSeou^^^^^^^^ Pacific Ocean from the
Rocky Mountains. The length of tirprSi^^^^^^^^ lymg t'ast of the
breadth over 500 miles. Its area is ^fim ti .?f . ? i-n ^n.""'^'**' '""• the extreme
The Rocky Mountains rise :d)n,;Hff • "'"/"* ¥'""0 S'J'>'i''e mdes.
region of Central CanS!a Id I cZ \^l 'i^^^r^^^ ^'^ ^"-""^ t^'« J'"'^''^ "•• P™irie
n.ck. They are comi«sed t oK 1 n l! . i ^"f ^\'»««t per;,en.li,.ular ^-alls of
less nearly-parallel rLigt^, Si?4ti e^^^^^^^^^ '■"^'"' ^"i*- "f ^ ""'"'^"'- ^^ "'"re or
breadth of over sixtv miles Tim r vert f IT% tli^^'t'o" a httle west of north, and a
< )cean have their sour.-es ffuther back .mu. t thZ '"'" ,""*'«""'« «'iy and tho'Arctio
proceed northward. BetweL the 51st indV>,f,'''T T^'''' "^ ^''« ^^««'^'e« «» ^^
more diffuse, but decrease rSclv in heiS till n.f tP' .^'' '"^" >;;"}*-'«« not only become
are represented by con.paratfvely low hHls ' *''" ''"'''"'°* "'" ^^^^'t'*^ ^cean they
.<iu miles, up the interior of the province to ibont "v-, -in v f •".' r,%e v ■■.i, ut about
'ontinuation of the great b isin of TTtni, „f. i v , ^L and is, in hict. a northerly
eastern side of this hiffireaii ar iflaVia^, Z „ '^'"'"'''r'" "'" ^ "''"^^^ ^t'^'"^- ^n «'«
parallel to the Rocky Mo'Sn/amS ",at run generally
one of the mountain^diSSs ab,;^ 1^ ^Siom^^^ from them.' This il
the western «ide of the platoau. °^SrtrU!;r^^^^^^^^^^
■ T
^^rA
AM
8
^S t.iit;;;;:;ust "CK'S^ ^^ ore.o„, ana
extreiHo north of tlu?,fr,^vince as above SnfH, P ^'"'if "'^ *-^'^* "^''"•- J» *'"■
COAST li:n-e.
Tt i^^^ii!^z:::si:'^i^^i^ i^i-ds.
harbour for ocean-'., in" shins Z»rhnrhnn..La? P® Fiattery there is not a single
on the mainland an on Y nSr iLI im Am.nl'^'''""' "' Y'^'^^' f^nlnmbia. botl:
" miles, nnruffleci by t .rslShTest swHl from tl f ; 'I- Pe^i^snlaa for thousands .il'
;; evory'tura an ever'shil^i^l^^^^riinkdonTro L'. ^l^S^X!^!^':^^ ''
"capi)od mountanof unrivahed trrandenr 'ind hZU.Ur \v\ ^o'^®?'^.' S'^^^'ei , uid snov-
" It IS furnished with innumerablSharbours onither hS \m i f -^^ T'^^ *'■""■
WHO SHOULD (iO TO BKITISU COLUMBIA.
Btati"-'*""''''"' '"""'^ ^^ "'" '■■"""'■i"' <»>vernmei,t of Brili-I, <; mbia il i»
CO onia undertaking Enu^rration is a m'atter that should te uSaken verv
prudently, and with dear notions of what settling in a vonn^- countr- nnM- Lar^^
- 1 lie rough taslv- ..f iM.I»>.ri nil in..- ,.,..,. -i x... x- ,. - ^'i","".- '^y'l-jh moani.
It IS only in the power of the Govemmcn't
" t(j give go
" to special
"The pi
" growth of
" carried on
" The n
" liibourer, t
'' the largo t
" Any s
' to work w
" are high ;
■' settler has
" Country W(
" long reiiia
" scale musl
" when the i
" selves.
"Them
' and the ne
' who consic
" ments thai
' considerab
• Jiritish Col
' feed itself.
' under the (
•■ year's rent
' thoroughly
" Person
■ for the life
'■ that of the
'■ which Brit
' live to all
" months. I
" We eai
' lawyers. <h
" the expect*
'■ after arrivii
'' men not ac
" probably ii
" liouse-k('ep(
'' not go alon(
" friends or r
" domestic sc
"Thejar
" brace him i
" The tot
" for a time, t
" ture, where
" the niagnili
" remind bin
" siKwimens r
"the old worl
" and ganio o
" as in Paris.
" We inv
CO
The iirst
jinme as aftei
instructed to 1
9
"tofrive poncral information to tlio intending iinniiirriint, the. iii)i)liriitinn of wliicji
" to special i'lxsea nuist b(^ the busiiiosH of racli indiviihial liiiriKolf.
"Tlie prosperity of tiie i)rovinco is dn(> to its ■snv.it natnriil rcsonrcoa, tlie 8t<M(lv
"growth of legitimate imlustrios and tradd. and to the large iHiblic works now boinir
" earned on.
" The requirements of the imnincc at fln^ present tim(> arc men and money— the
" labourer, the meehanie, the real farmer, dairv-nian, frnit-growor, or .stock-raiser and
•' the large and small capitalist.
" Any smart, active, cai>alile, sober man, witli onlv a littl(< money, but accustomed
' to work Mith his hands, is .sure to succeed in making a condbrtable home. Wages
•are high; land, fixxl, and hoii.se materials an^ still relatively cheap. If such a
• .settler has a strong heart himseli; and is blessed with a comnKm-sen.se wife n.sed to
•country work, he may confidently look forward to becoming even rich. Jl(Mu\ed not
•long remain in the condition of a labourer. This c(M-tainty of rising in the social
"scale must stimulate the eiiiigiant. Many now avenues to success will be opened
•' when the railways an; tinislied, and men should be here to di.scover these for them-
" .selves.
" The nionied man, who looks to the actual ixrowth of industries in llm ijrovinco
' and the new iiermaiKMit markets and industries which the railwavs will create and'
• who considers the varied natural resources of tiio countrv, caniujt'fail to lind invo.st-
*• ments that will imimiso good returns on cai>ital. I'arniers, or other ihu-m)hs with
• considorablo means, will lind cither fillnge farming, or cattle or sh.Mm farming in
Jiritisli ( olunibia an agreeable and proliiable occii])atioii. Tlu; country docs not yet
' leed itself. AVhy should a farmer in theold countrv continue to i)av rent, and icinaiu
under the contrcl of a landlord, as a leaseholder or yearly lenaiit, when, with one
• years rental, he ( an purchase aj)'irtially prepared farm with buildings on it. iii the
• thoroughly British province of JJritish Columbia".'
"Persons generally, especially fanners, with moderate means, who are qualified
(or the lite of a settler in a new country, and are nnensv about their own future and
f "at pV • '■"' c'"''l'"«"> »"<! '^'■o prouared to emigrate, sliould consider the advantages
'■ \vhicli British Columbia afTonls, irrespectively of the climate, wiiidi must be attrac-
•■ tive to all They should have at least sullicient capital tobo independent for twelv-
' ™opt'j8' Jt is oi'ton besi for the father to go out ami i)ave the wav for the little folks.
\Ve cannot at present encourage the emigration of professional men, such as"
lawyers, doctors, surveyors, and civil engineers, unless th<;v hav(; moiu^y beyond
'■ the exp(>cted earnings of their proti'ssion, and are ])rei>ared"to take their chances
' after arrival. Clerks, shopmen, or tlmse having no particular trade or calling, and
■ men not accustomed to work with their hands, if without means of their own, would
'probably meet with di.sapj.oinlniiint, and perhaps hanlshij). Tutors, governe8,ses,
house-keepers, and women generally above the grade; of domestic servants, should
I iiot go alone to the province, at pri>.sent, and they should not go at all, unless to join
friends or relatives aide to maintain them for some. time, al'ler arrival. (Jo(k1 feinale
" domestic servants are, however, miK'h in demand.
" Tlie jaded uian of busiuew, or invalid, will tind that a visit to the. i)roviu(;e will
brace him up.
" The touri,st who can command sullicient means and leisure, mav well exciian"e
' for a time, the Ix^aten tracks of Kuropean travel for a tour of exploration and advoii-
' ture, where the world assumes a new and to some; minds not unattractive, phase In
' the magmlicent scenery of British Colmubiji the. lover of iiatunMvill see much to
'remind him of Switzerland ami the Rhine. TIk; naturalist and botani.st will lind
• sjiecimens not known in Kuro]io. The geolo-ist will witii.iss a panorama to which
I the old world preisents no pArallel. The sportsman will lind abundance of adventure,
' and game ol all kinds. In the i)rin(;ipal towns, travellers can have as u'ood a dinner
' as in Pari.s.
" We invite emigrants from all nations, except China."
tl- ^
i''f7.
: Hi,-
CONCIORNINII PASSAGE TO BRlTISii COLUMBIA.
The first thing an intending emigrant should d
iiome
instructed
after his arrival in Canada, is t(
), iis well Ijefore he starts from
to b
onsiilt the <}ov(»rnment Agents, who are
)e careful ill giving information and ailvice. ( unlidence should not bt
m':lM.
uj^: ^M
10
tery of J)e,mrtment.)f Ajrr uUture (Xwa" n?l ■f'^i'-'lf »'*-'. »"« letters to the "Secro-
addresaed as above are .K)st IVhr ^n l .If \fi • '? '^ " "''"'y^ *'"« attoiition. Letters
stamps. '^""^^ »»•« I'o^t Iree, an.l may bo smiply dro])i«d in the post ollice without
r.'j
COST OF PASSAGE.
(St'ii-iKcr TO Chanoe.)
iVoJ!"X%£r;^?Uo^Alf^;.Si:J2"^ ^-S*-; takelhro„,h tickets)
Pacific liailrokd, Las follows:- "f «teu.n.sl„p.s and the Uniou or Northern
SS.;e.ii;:t;:;:v.;";;::::: :;•••• Ir^i^-SS |J^^ ;;«• f:\-\
8teera.oorE,uigruu, ^ fi^tl^Hl^ ^J
ore.;;?^!:^[r";:?;l>r;,;;;SS'^-,j^^^^ ^^v^^t' ^^^ ^^ ^'-'^'a-i.
daily steamers now on t , s r ute for V c oria"^^ r""'r i '''"<" •^'^'^^' *"'^'' *'"' •'^f>'«"''i''
ten hours, inclu.ling all .sf.ppatres ' ' ' "^ '"'^'' ^''l''^ '^™ '"'^"'f »' "»>o"t
abo^^'S; 'iS'l!;;;" !KSr ?kS"T f^^ ^^ ^^ i^""'"«« --- than the
Cardiff/and Dublin, thev are'ttrhle le^s ' ^ ' ''*'^"''' ^*''''^'' ^''"''«t, Bristol,
PaciSrSC. "LKer Ihftlfon'Kc^S *!" ^""f^'f l'"'^'' ^'^ *'- Northern
direct to Portland, ()rp.:;r are abonm in »^.^ ''"«""^^- 'iU'roujri. lin,.
and aflbrd j^assenl^er. as S a Sm ocH o^.""^. l'"''' "^ t'r\^"'-»''^'-n Pacilic Railroad,
The ahove-uK^nti.;! ed"Xr.w^^^ h' /'^'^"•"n *V"'' ^'^ '"'^ ""'"'• ""«•
Canadian J^acilic Rail av is eLh for S m l^- "^t'inally lessened as soon as the
Steamers 1 aS l-UnciscJ^^^^^^^ ''''"'' '"F ^? *''*'"'>' '" *'»' «l"-i"S of 18,S(i.
passage is, ..bin $20 (^1 2^^^ ^e^H^ (K^m'?^^' ^''^ ^'^^^^ -»-^«-' '
donSi^dSTp^ovKb^'^Tr^u^r^-''"'"'^^^ provi4--but the railway lares
*''^ r'a;' ?^7^«^f -^ -•- -^^^^ -ilway^acros^
and^S:t;\;;:nu-isS!5r;ssft^,1,!^S-^' •" .^ch :::!;;,i^on the ranwav.
taws."! mvV,/,/ are kujh. ' ^ '"^''^ "" ^^'"^ Steamers to \ ictoria. The charges ,
othe
hng
l)e obtained from any of the noiiiinfonTrlnu /, u „ n •; ? t>- "^'r" ••'''■t"i'''ites can
will he found on the cover f tl s a m^.l^t T^^ Kingdom, a list of whon,
from the .'ontinent of Euroii whoH S n i,^-^^^^ 7h be obtained by emigrants
but is not applicable to those gin.'o Bri s . p. l 7i° ^r'^ al)ove-mentioned agents :
1]
BOARD AM) L01)(HXa.
Thoonliiiiiry advoi-tisod rate's in Vict(.ri.i in .,... i . i i i . , ,
evoryiuml), are as follows:- ^""tm m p«.l s.>.:<„„l-rlass hololn (meat at
Board an.l Lxl^infr. Jj to $(1.^0 |20s. .o i^.is. Mn^^lisl.) ^x.r weok.
Smtrl,. m,.,ils. 2.) (vnt.s (l». EukUhU ).
l>i'>\H, i)() wnlH aiKl LT) conts (2.s. ami Is. KukMsIi).
At l^^SnoS^tr^^,'^- ;;;;,-•-;•; '^;. H- J-.-or. ,1.0 ra... aro ahout .ho san.o.
workmen's hoarding 1 usc^is $ '- 50 .or m h ' h' I'^'T^'^ •'';"!''' ^''"^ ••'^"'' '" *'"'
the mainlan.l inferior. ' '"'''■ ^^"'"'^^ *^"^ l(xl«.ng,s are higher in
OCKAN" TASSAap].
nnnJ;:;:;i^lSX{r "'llJiSdtlwlhr^ """^'"•'"^ '^'' '^""'""-^ <-^-"
ino8t..row.Ie.l.,rh.sestL ^s lor • m 1, f. ^ ['ussongor, s.. that even in tlm
wouldheiniiu-i<,ustotlm ZlHwrH/;?^ "" ov^''-:"-"Wtling, or sneh .Towding aH
there is alw tvs a med eal ml 'n b , ,^ '""' '^ '^'"^'y "'M-l'li-'l, and
.•on.iorts are i-mi-led! Tl 's ,^i f . ;r;i:e' nllT'r r" "';''''"''""=!'"' '/J'""'''*!
insiKu:t(Mll,vo(li,.ors..f tlH> Inn«t, I o^.i^ V^^ V .• ""i^^ Kingdom are in all eas,^s
pr..tii;:.;;Tiiri;ia;^s'!;ndi;Si;^;: 'li2;:i" -"^-;'/^'-';;t „roviHion. «. the
or defraud them. ^'^•''"•-' '"'"' '"'^^'^^ l-onaltios are imp«o<l for all attempts to deceive
".ei.ts ....wsov^/r vSnS^^^^^^^ "''? Hundbills or advertise-
tlK, most favourable rates^.^f^^^^^^^ ""''-^ ''*r ''? P'-^^fi''" ''"•'>• poinh-.l out, that
and families ot' 'ri S.'.ral^i^^^ *"' *"""''" '"""««'!«' WT^ants
other lalH,urersa^^7lS^^^^^^ I'^^^nages are, however, alforded t„
CJovernment as^dstiM rmsU^ '""' iign.nilturists. The Canadian
ordinary a.lvertise.irsXo:e.'S's^^^^ Th.'ir •' ''^ '' ^''' *'"'" '''^'^' «»' ^'^
thoste.,rage,an(l.l,,n(.tL,nirt u^^^^ 1 1h» aasisl.'.d ,,assagcs an, eonfin..! tf.
tiori should i,o ma o"o anvlJov;, n K^^ "^ saloon passag<,. Applica-
ratesof .fisted passag^-s and^ll^Su^t '^ ? IJ^^Sn the: "^''""''"^ *""
passSrii; ;:i;y~X.;::•;::-^;i£-
m.•llKlesapleJltiflim.m?vof n i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "^^ nec(vssary utensils. The stoera-c*
their own he is t S im^ • : ' ifV'"'','"!'^' ".'* «f':<'nige passengers nn.st provide
passage is at 1' KsS mat^re^^ 1 '^^ ^'f i , ''^'"V «!''^'it,f;.r a-Hleerage
!H1.; 1 (luan mu- ;M • J tin ..u/i % i . ' i I""",V'-' ^ '"^''^t't, JJs. (id.; 1 water can,
siifJina 'M . 1 ' ' • P"^"' ""'• ^ ^^ash has n, id . ; 1 knile and fork (id • '>
or all S^hi^Sm^i;?.^^?,^::;;^^--' "" '"""^ ^^ '^ n-ely.non.inal n.tli^on. son.
f..ii pt" ?' All hS;;^! nS li:^:!™^^
infants in ..rms oin!" oh"r nvl S fi ' T! "^Z?^ y^'ar old are charged half-t.riee ;
•special rates nuide^;r t em i the aiis & J;hildren, under the ocean adult ag(C have',
medical comfort^. ' ^^ ''" ''" ^'^^"^"^^ ^" '^^ t'»««l''P'a doctor, and supplied with
#''' .
I f
lt%kH
:.-.■!
DrKINc; THK PASS.
\(tE.
pr.nte.1 and ImiiR up i„ the steem^o Ha « , fi i i • f * ??• ^^'««« «"•« generally
well-bohaved, and to kk p himsK' „ " Hull? '"^ ^J?' *" ^"f^ ^^^""^ «"* ' *« »'«
and comfort, b„t to that Ko« around S m f W^^^l ! .iT/'"^^ *° ^"« ^^" ^""''th
real cause of ('oniplaiiit durinu the ms^M h«\l!.,^^ I ^ luive any grievance or
captain, who will natural vscokn ?,fvS/- "''"' "^ ''"".l^**' "''^^^ '^ known to tho
forthatof lu-8«hipSl iL nplov.^ '''"".^•- ^''« «"•" interest as
in this, tho immiL'r'int Mlw.nl?! ,-^f i • ^P' '"'^ ''®^«"" t''6''« «li""'cl be a failiiro
diately'unou la\Kh^,^^vhile to "lllpli'/,'! S^''""^ ^" "'" Government A«ent imm"-
of steamers ; a necessary pm-au i H^ '» tiie better class
within a limitc<l space ^ l'*^"^'"""^ ^^"«''« '-^rgo numbers of both sexes are carried
iuggSi"^trs/^;:!i;roniJ:?ffi^,:i;'5;f «T^ '"""^ -"- ^«t <'^
20 cubic feet, internu.liate msscu rs 15 W^ ^"'''" passenjrers are allowed
luggage free. Ten <aibic fri^^ ho vcvh r mn v bo ^ l^ passengers 10 cubic feet of
will be allowed by tho raKa\ s afleHanZ.^ ' '"'' ''''^'^"" '^™«""* "^ '"gg«g« than
<.r prSt:Ste^!:Sf r^!!;;;|;;r^""^ -->• P^-enger should have plainly written
thei^!jS/3%S:^-;;«-««^-|- the hold of tlK, steamship, but
use on the voyage. Tl.es!^\e si:;'; MkeJ, byfiratdTak^^ T/'^ """^"^'^ ^°^
JSr\^S,^;t i^^.;^[;-'^^^S^^
where it is "checked ^o its d^i1«H^ "baggage car" of the railway train,
article a little pitS of niVarwitlfr uniler^^^^ ^''"'■?.f ^"^''^ed to each'
piece similarly ^unaberodirJh on fo^r« it, while a corresponding
reached. Tlm^ralhv^ s th m f^mn4lo fo^ZS/v ^"1^' "V*'' ^"^ destin^iou is
give it up until he shows 1 s " Kl '' Thii ..,5*'^^ .""^ ^"^ I'lggago, and will not
convenience. '"''• ^^m custom has great safety as well as
^rJ^S^ Iha/^g:!^ ;^' «S s.^ J'^r^ by the Custom House otticer, tho immi-
tho Continent r/a S n Fr^cis", ther^^^^^ *"""' T^ It *>« .^« ^'"''"^ t<^ ^^oss
be bJias^s 1^ Kiri^i!T^:^^ii^f -^ ar^s^^^'^ ^"f^^^^-^^
spring, however, M^hen the Can-idion Pn <./*;-. .f- "°",V ? '"^^ ''® avoided. Next
Pacific' Ocean, alhhktroV^blewm^^^^^^ '^'^'""^ ^"" be opened through to the
WHAT TO TAKE.
ourney to British Col mbhi and would Ulti ""* ^'^ "^"'"i *he carriagi on the
us expense. Heavy sup iu^ mieM be sSt frf ;.^'T'' f ^?^ ^«^' ^^ t^o^^^l^ 'is well
settler can buy wha^ ^^J^l^J^C^^^^^^^:^^ "-"' ^"^^ - '^
It ma}
A\'ith sterlii
ling, value;
Sterl
id. ste
Id.
Is.
£1
For sii
cents. Foi
sterling nui
The ni(
in single cc
<'ourso Icga
Tho D<
North Ame
of from §1
usci I in the
The en:
<ireat Brita
the PostOl
money eith
ment of Br
from the b
branch ban
and cents.
Tlw imi
of paper, an
the pcrnon v
this is nrr/leci
The" ab(
British Nort
and San Fn
bia through
in San P"ran
The rati
offices in Ca
5 cents (2id.
for 2 cents (:
The new
and l}ook jx)f
Tho mor
Order Offices
dollars ; and
reijuire. An
at Porl
13
moni<:y.
_ It may be explained that money in Canadii is in I )ol!ars and Cents. A coniparisnn
A\-ith sterling is subjoined, wlii<li will at onco enable tlie reader to understand in sft>f-
ling, values stated in dollars and cents.-—
Sterling into Dollars and ('ml".
S ct-s.
id. sterling is ni
Id. •' " (I OL'
Is. " " l.'4-
JEl " " 4 87
Dollarx <ni<l Cmtx into Sterling.
£. s. d.
1 cent is ii o OJ
1 dollar is u 4 l.J
4 dollars arc (i l(i .")J
"> " " 1 (» (i.l
In British Columbia X\w Immze coin is not in circulation, though of
m singlo cents,
course legal.
V P'? ^"™'"'"i'i «f (^''"ly-tl'ipaixT nioucy, also the pajK^r nionev of the Bank of British
.\orth America and the Bank of British C.lumhia, pass freelv in the provincoin note's
of from Ijl to $100. These are payable in gold, rnitod States
used in the province.
paiK'r money is not
HOW TO sj:n]» M(»ni.:y to British Columbia.
Tlie emigrant is not recommended to take. British coin to British Columbia. In
Cireat Britiu,,, he should i)ay that portion of his monev not wanted on the passage to
tlie lost Othce, ami get a money order for it i)avable in N'ictoria, or he mav nav his
money eitlier to tbe Bank of British Cohiml^ia., hnndun (the lumkers for the Govern-
ment of BntLsh Columbia), or the Bank of Briiisl, Nurtii America, Lon.loii, and get
from the bank, in exchange for ids money, an order payable on demand from its
branch bank in Victoria, British Columbia, for the equivalent of Ids money in dollars
and cents.
Tlu- i migrant, on paging kin monnj to the Bank, mwt mjn hix name on a separate piece
qt paper, and ask the Bank to send the signature to their Brunch Bunk in Victoria, so that
tlie person nlio applies for the money in Victoria may be known to he the proper person If
ms IS neglected, the emigrant mag not he aide to get his money in Victoria readilif.
u .^.-^ ' V 'I!^'*'* "'"-'^^ ''?''^'" ^'-""♦'^ '" Kngland, Scotlan.l and Ireland, the Bank of
Hrit:sh JSorth America has its own brauciies in the Dominion of Canada, New York
and San I- ranci.sco. The Ban k of Montreal is the agent of the Bank of British Colum-
inli'xn f"" • ^'^^^' ■'"'''*^ ^'^' "^ "^" ^^"^'^'^ * ""liiml)ia has a brancli
EATKS OF mSTAGK.
The rate of 1. it«r jmstage is .3 cents (lid.) i)er half ounce, prepaid, between post
otfaces in t anada. 1 he postage for letters between Canada and the United Kingdom is
ft)r 2 c^l-nll a,l lu% ^^ '^'"^ ^'''"^ I'ctween (anada and tlie United Kingdom
The newspai)er postage in Canada is merely nominal ; and tliere is a parcel, sample
and book iwst, at a cheap rate, which ar(> found very useful.
w
t. fill".
^!-.t* ;••:
MONKY ORDERS.
Or iZ ni"^"*^^' '^^'^^\ system in operation is similar to that of England. All Money
• )rj erOthces are authorized to draw on each other for anv sum ♦ip to one hundred
rL V^r ' ^ ^"^, applicant may receive as many one hundre.l dollar orders as he may
leijuire. An order for $4 is sent for 2 cents ; $10 for 5 cents aiul so on
w
14
WAdES.
II If
w;tu _ . 1."^ ' ' ""v,<,».vjii «mj lam lur about 150 miles
boat-
bir
eritis
Collieries —
CariHMitors and blacksruitb.s «o -^ * «.., --
LaboiiriM-s 9~ o\) to *.. ro jxd- day.
Minors' eariiings(oontraVVworkj;!:.'.';:;;:;;;;::;.':;;;; 302^400 ''
Fislieries —
Fishermen ' r« r>^
HH, ., ,. 50 00 to (JO no imr mo.
Other industries—
Stoneontters. stonemasons, and liricklavers 4 oo tn -S (to ,.,. 1
Their lahourers " T l •' "" per dav.
Plasterers .' J '•' ^" ^ "^' '"
c^rpentereandjoiners..::::: :;;;;: :::::;::;;;:;::::;•• ^ooto 4 m •;
Ship carpenters an.l .■aulkers * 2 oo n jUn ■;
Cabinet-makers and upholsterers ' " * .In, ..
Painters , .'
Shoemakers.... 3 oO to 4 00 "
Tailors 2 00 to S (lO ••
Taiioresses ;!:: ii:; i:::::;; "i r^l^'v?!' " ■
Bakera (with board and ImlRinfr) ';;.■.■; .V." «. JJ "
Butchers ((;utter.s ) 7 -? ix. , I"*^"' '""'■
Slaughterers ^5 00tol00 00 ••
Cigarmakei-3 'o-n. .
Boys as St rippers, etc., from .■.■::::;;■.■.::; ; S J^ t nil I*''''Y-
Printers -' "K) to 5 00 per wk.
Waggon-makers ...[l['.l'.[['.[:]::.'.'.: o -n T"^ na "^^ T^'
Tinsmiths, plumbers and ga^fitters :::.:::::::.:'' 3 5?!" 1 m^'\'^^''-
Machinists, moulders, pattern and boiler-makers and
hlacksmiths ' ^ nn ^ . ,-«
Longshoremen ^ "^ to 4 50 «
Wooii-turners .... ^^ ''^"*s an hour.
receives^ ,f. « Hn, ' • • ^^''O'^™'"' s."«'l' as one would emplov to di-or cut fire-wood
^^^^^^t^^^:^^^^:f^ - ^^^^y ^- to atten7tTi-
month "^t'rwdCfff'^'^*^'^ month, are paid at wages from $20 to <H0 pev
Srils'p^V. I mf;^^^^^^^^^ of work required of them, a^.l
tricts, at $15 to $20 per men U wtth bonr^ luf, ^'^ employed in the seaboard dis-
their character. iXJ^J^:'^^^ ^ l^'^^Z "S^T^
tjeneral farn
lie said that
lal)ouror. I
IIo\V((\(
until Ih\ km
Scarce •,
for general 1
A considera
I'd in res pec
many men (
Chinawi
to $25 a mc
good deal of
The foll(
BriTKR-
.S7^ cents ~(f
ClIKKSE-
25 (tents.
Ecus— F
CoiiXME.'
Oatmioai
Fl.OlK—
WlIlCAT-
Bkaxs—
Si-lit Pe
Vecbtai!
Carrots, 1 c(
ragns, 20 cen
cents "f* It).
Hams— I
IS cents.
Baoox —
Laki) — 2
Fisii— Cc
Inu. X cents 1
Herring, 3 ce
« cents ; Wh
cents ~^ doz.
Canned I
Fruit — I
doz. ; Apples
Cocoanuts, i;
Candied
Currant:
Kaisins—
Eleme, 25 cei
Figs— Nj
Mixed Si
Starch—
Tea and
from 87* ceni
Sugars—
No. 2, S lbs. f,
Nuts— El
Paper shell, ;j
16
WOMEN SERVANTS.
•*''''ir«y wages lii<;h;$10to$12 |)or month for nnrs(imri8-$'>0 a month witl. l>nnnl
— - .. ;v;a:r: j;K;;ix-3l Si.!:KS,s:;,f; • " •
FAMILY MARKET KEPORT.
S7i .ents >^ roll ; White cSver^ .^'"1? ' ''^"'^ ''""' '" '''""*«= -^'''^^' ^'^^^ C"'-
25 ...^.'.^'r'""'"""^'^" '" ^^"^« ^ "•• : ^'->''- 25 conts ; Eastern Cream. 30 cents ; B.C..
E,Kis-Fresh Island, .37^ cents Irt d,)z. ; Puget Sound -V, cents
toi(XMKAL-50 cents "p* sack of 10 tt.s. '
Oatmkai -62J cents If^ sack of 10 It.s.
w^K";:SStf^1t?' '^^'- = ^'■'' ^ -''"^ ' «"i-r- ^-^^ -f '>••».
cSf r ^ A. ; T^s^] ki^s!^;^ ^;^i.si^s ? dS^ ^a^ri^
IS c "r""'"'' ""'■"'• '' '^"*« ^ **•• ; C»"'^'^S«' 20 cents ; Oregon, IS cents ; Shoulders.
( t*
lo r uu/>. omoKeii Merrrng, 12i cents . 1
C ANNKD Salmon-1 ft. tins, %) doz., $2. ■"" •
Candied Fri-its— Lemon, 50 cents IJJ lb. ; IMixed 50 c(Mifs V tt,
CURRANTS-Zante. 15 («) 16 cents ? ft. ' ^''^«"' ■""<^"t.s r tt..
nJ:!St^S:^'^ '^"^^"' ''* ''^'' ^ «'• ' ^■'^'-•' 2^ cents ; S.dtana. Valen..ia. and
Fi<is— New, 37 J @ 50 cents 1? ft.
Mixed Spices— 25 cents 'Wl tin.
Stahch— $1 f 6 ft. box.
frcJ^n feotJrS^'^lf ft ' ^"°""'^' ^^ '""*" ^ *^'- ; ^'^«»' 1« @' 20 cents ^ 1h. Tea.
No. ?S £7or"4f ''^^ "' '"^''' ^ *^- ^^"^ ^1 ' ^"''•''^""lated or No. 1, fts. for $1 ; D. or
lii
4^.1!'::,^'''"''" '""^' '^^"'i--entHVn..; other .-ut^, 7 ^. 10 .v„u. ; «.„.p „.,at
Vkai.— 12('«>ir>c(.nt.s Tj* It).
P».M'H.V(iix— 1,1 tt<., L'5 centH
Sn.,T— locints^tt.. ' ..
vSucKiMi I'i(iH-S2.r)0 r'V) $;{earl..
Dicks— liuno, fl.'j'i each.
( uicKioNH— $1 Or 75 ,.r,„(.s ,,acli.
(,Hi.»H_'l'aino, L'5 ctmts Tt* tt..
( „AL OiL-,*2 V tin ; %f cuse, ,*:5.7r).
lr^-Si;^;|;?Vl<;r"= ••""•"■''' ^^^ cents If^ can.
Oats— Ij cei.ts V m.
Mii)i)M\(is— 1:; ceiitH >• tti.
BiiAN_i cent T>^ 111.
bo.omocloarerinS,ro,,,,rtiou tot ^ Lance fX^^^^ F.xlu.|t.on n„a,saarily tend to.
OLOTlirj((J.
ronj Eastern Canada, fr,.e ..f duty) i^ ontv rc^^^H n^^^^^^^
iMigland or CaiimUu ^'' ■ '""'"' ^'' "^ ^~ l^''^ ^''''t. more than in
FUJLNITURK, HHDDING, AXD UPHOLSTEEY
^mt^'I^LlS::::^^'^^ ^^^^-^ an, made in the province at pries.
Cliairs, from (iO cents to $1.25 each, &c.
lables, $1.50 up.
Extra dinner tables, from $8 up.
Mattresses, from $1.50 up to $30, aocordini.' to cmalitv
iiousrNG.
{3->s to^S'Fli'lM'f '"\i "^°"« •'""««« plentiful,
^.i-s. to 4(is. Enghsii) {)er thousatm at the kiln.
Bricks, at Victoria, cost $8 to $10'
LUMBER.
but i^us'tts^ssni^sr ^""'^ *^' "" "^~^ ^' --^ ^--'
Pressed, tongued and grooved . . 22.00
IJressed on both sides 27.50 '- P^"" tbousand feet (each 12 inches
t-eclar lumber , , 1 7 . 50 ! square and 1 inch thick I
Cellar, dressed 50 00 '
Shingles, per thousand in number 3I00'
At xVew W estminster, the present prices are less than the above.
Tim «<wl .,!• 11 lioum» .lojxjnds, of courso, on sizo, iimtorial, mul flniHliiiitr loiii-
i'm«. s to I),! li,t). l(,r t.-i.ipomry a.ronini.Kluli.jii, men olu*ii i-iil ud oiu-roonu,.!
FUKL.
tliii laihvuv will
ti'ii.l to (Mjiuilizo pricos in portions of tlio (('nnlr
till lU ■■.^<k<1 iif ^.^ i A' _. • ■ . '
Home ((xtoni, incrmwinKly, in Iioiiho-
I to (Mjiuilizo i>niT.a in portions of tlio country
•I)',
PKICKS OF FAKMIXti IMl'LFMKXTS, &. ., IN VKToUlA.
ThraKliing MudiinoH ^-, , ^,f,
Mowors ; \t^, ,
Hdf-Uinders ! i! .,1't* "' }}^/
rion-lis -'^^" -^t"
iiarrowH ■..;.:■.:;:;:■■.■••; !■; " :^,'-'
A\ u^rgons, complete, with box jind seat .' . .'. i fj, '' , t\
1)0. with lm.i<e :. . ■• i''J' •'
iw...~'!:!^r^!r^^ ■ i'''^^
M iiud npward.
WIIOLHSALK PliWKH (.'IJKJJENT.
Fakm Phudlc^h (X'lcroKiA)
August L'otli, JS85.
Wheat, IP cwt. (100 tt>s) ' ,. j, -,. , ^, ,,.,,
Oats, do » j ._)J f'i t- 1 f,2.]
Jiarlcy, rough, "f* fwt '..'.'.',".'. ". i 'I- 1
&t^Sea:•i^^:::"^ jjiiiif'^ Slip
Butter, 1« ft 1 f4 r
Cheese, Provincial, It! ft -° '" ""
Eggs, fresh Island, %> dozen .■..■.■.■.".■■.;; 9^/7, .,- ,
Egg8,Oregon, do ;5 ^ -^'i-
Peef, dressed. "P cwt t '^
Peef on foot, do. gross .'.'.'.'. '. '.".'.".'.'. a or.
Sheep, " do. T.. . 7, :^ ^
Mutton, dre.ssed do ! ;■.' .' .' '. '. '. ! ! , o' ^l! ^^ '^ ■'''^'
Lambs, each t
("
4 Ot")
:#
_i ii*Mi
18
lVs,n„ loot, .1, *f M)^'*inf)0
Veal, " do " •"' '■' ' •'">*»
Hi<K^^wn, do.' ...■■".■..'.' 1 m (■• s (lO
Hhl(.^,,lrv, ,lo ... t. (Ml (.. MOO
C'liickeim; >> iluzcn . . llOOf" 1,-, (h»
!)iickH,wii.i,Tt»,io/.eM.... .■;.;;;:; •.• ;••; '" " •■*•'
Ducks, tiiin... ,|„. .. '"<''" ** "<•
Tiirki.ys, <ln..sso.l, >' ft. " "" <" 1-' tXI
Turk,.y,s. livo ' ,|o :.■;: -/l'
t'wso, euch 1 1 ('I 20
1 W) i'l. ',\ m
CLTMATK.
trictH. is luu.'h mum t, ,ni„ , d tl rm , n,;. "" V't""' t'"' •■''!"'i"> <'t paiiinihir di.s-
dim'ti.;i. of tluM.rii oip'd X^^^ tlm .■wintry and also il... north and .sonlh
is indrawn. I*"""l''^' ^-^''^'^-'n tl.o .-rovmc,., np wind, warn, air from tho soutj.
low ^n:''^^^:^t^^f^^}r^ P-vin..o may ho nanu-d .« ..,.
vuriety-that ..f the (\.Jt- ]/, ,o , ,1,1 li ^""'""'-/""l t''^' An^ti.-. The (irst
ised l)y luxurianoo ..f vStat n u . si i . .f f' i"" '""'"T ''V.!!*"''"' ''^ '''''"•artor-
nanu'ly, that of the «.. i h orn h^^ !'' ^""'^ ""■"""'• . "'^^^'"' ' variety,
tun> a drvnoss <)f dim tt. .m.l?. w ,? ? I'7^""'o, presents a.s its m<jst »strikin- f„a.
northward from tl.o son -r a 1 „w ,v nf A *'^^!'^'«""t''-, Itn.ay ho said fooxt*-n.l
tho north.^n part f Tin t H o^of tl /n 1 '"■•"?'■" V ''^'""^ *'"' ''^''^ l""'""'^'- J"
lows, il. as,»eol, at vS!,:^ "'' "«™"''»>'. <li>mTil,,l il,o ,.|imat« as fol-
19
;: livo west of tiu, muuMtuin;^ " V ; '^ /:':? i':u;i !:^:;' r: ""•'"^'''' i!>; ""^'* ^^ •"■
snnu, «,„all !lim.r,M..vs ,H,tw lu^^^iuZ:, " J. wS*;: n''"^:^ ''""" "V
siiowy fH.aU.s „r U,,. ( )lym|.iau Vuii'»' in \,
^\«^stmltl^^t(•IMiiMtri(;t, is If.M.s jhmi, ^lirrl ,
ria; it UK.ro roHoiubloH llio wiutoi /ii thor'i, ,r(
Inland. .A -* upun the wiml,, cmHt. Il,„ni unu,.
or what ar fulld.l sovoroiii thi ; jurt (.t'thn v
•short time n tho FnisiT river. ('(.mmonK- 8i,
with()Ht lyii X conliMiKjuMly.
Thocii; , at., uf the interior of the niainiu
IKirtiono u, lan-rior plahuiti is, as has boon
<".'ist. Iho a 1- in tho interior is drier ..win- u,
Mioistnre Ix'ai n- south-westerly winds wind, c*..
.•hara.t..nsti,: .ast j.Iants ^riv,. ,,la,v j;ra<hml]y, ;
re.,n,nni, ."ss n.-isture. The In'os are ditfer >■
• Houthern portion ,,f the Islan.l tn.rn the
lean U'Titory. \-ain, the wint.^r of New
■'•nuer. than in the distri.'t n.-ar Vi.it,.-
I ul. i'„' tfio east coast of Vancouver
"lonu.ly in thia district severe winters,
In most winters ice fornis for a'
"«inM in January and g(K;s in March,
mere particularlv of th.» soiifhorn
', \rry dilicrcnt from that of the
le jm":ipitation from Iho {.rcvalent
'rs at fhes(! mountain rauj^'cs. Tho
"r 40 mill's ali<.vo Yale, t,,. those
■Hs in Hi/A^ and Hcattctnd. 'I'hi*
iiirse with the irre^riilar surface
tthe coast, it may he described
:r(. of the southern part of the
I irntaterdillerence is ..bserved
nd a still greater contrast when
elimate <.l this ; ,ten..r part of the ].. .vin.^e varie-
o» the country \, ,t m con.j.are.l -en. rally with H
as a climate .,t ., tivmes. Th.. mean annual t,Mn
in ,.ri.,r <1,1I,ms hwie from that ..f the „ast re-Wo,,
H'tween the mean summ..r an.l wint r U»ni|K.mUu,
thoextrenH.sof I, -at an.l .•ol.l are c.,n.parej
on till plEu^;."-ly r'nlion^lrbuHrilnvf ''"•^ ^ theprovinceis most observable
Mountains with m 4 I.h'u difi .1' / . iTdHli sn' I'T^ "f '^Ti^ '" "'" ^''""^y
irre-ularities .,f th. surface in.l vlrv," . ;^lf w./V^^^^^iV '"■"' '""' '"'<'"«'«« '•aesiMl by
iSvaHH sUu-k n-Kien . th. int^.rior ^ *" altitudes. It giv. ■ nso to tho celebrated bunch
inteS^';iaie::;r,;;L 'hi"lS:d;tS'::::ji;ir'^;i>'^i-"^r ^"^"'^^-••>- '^''•' ^--^
<'..,i8t range iic lu.les h.- ('uriL „ ' 'tb r , n ';' '^'"■"''°- *"■"'" ^'"' ''"••'^>' ^" t''"
still wann ox....pt at , reat ileiS; ^ t ho S^^^^ .'.oiintains. The summers are
face, increases in ai .nut .7.1 i,.. f V,.V " ^^""''■•''■y. "ver much of th.; sur-
mo^ snow, un.i the \ "^ari /.Il^gjir •^'''""*'' ''*^'''^'"^"^ "u.ro dense. There is
AGRK ULTUIiAL AND PASTOKAT. ARK AS.
VaNCOUVICU IsLAM).
setti^i:^*;;r\h'^?'^r.Sr!^i;S':vf "1? ^''■'•', ^^ ^""•^- '^"« p--p^'
tboclimato enj.,yablo a. Kura It^^T, ^^^^ r^-"" ''^«^-"li"^'ly fertile and
i-omnarativelv low land a ySrmntw^^^^^^ 1'" ^TT^'^" '^ "^'^''^'n of
thel^otofthemonntain.,,,SX^u^;n'aS^^^^
streams are bordere.!!
!!i ,-4,>nH5 inKtantx-H for
<mk1 of tho island also slow. The
with noelevations1^iSin^o;rS \S tS?a,?80n^ f '■""'"^' '''''^'"^
is comparativ.lv level, ll.e biKe r^^e *v '1 ^^2 "'^ ^'^^* ^T^' , V' '"^'J^ I'^""^'^ '*
covered wm.tineshort.bntth;ci;::,S:Sne'rL^J:^.J^^^^
IW S
I
ll{'
20
■but with many prassy prairios or littlo parks studded with clumps of trees or with
Singh, trc^os and frequently iid<,rned witli hosses of rock. ' '
„-;fi "^rf°l ^''""•f '^'"»'<lerul)ly. Tiie (uiltivable land is chieflv that which is covered
with drift deposits of clay and sand, and lies at no great elevation above the so i Th
sandy gravels prevail on the higher levels, and produce large thS ami coars: gri
11. day occurs generally as a retentive subsoil on the opeK undulating grounds Tid
in hollows an.l swampy bottoms Over these sands, gravels, ami clavs, so?netimes
giaduatmg downwards to them, elsewhere separated by arathershar,, 1 nofroSem
t fZ 1"""'^' *°' '" "'«r^.P'3''t. a brownish-Llack surface soil two feet to four feet n'
thickness, apFuirently containing a large proportion of vegetable matter. Rich loanis
diX^s "in"Ilfe'n?^^i:r''l'''^1^ "; II'' '^^''''^' '''"'^^' AlberniTiuV Saton Ri "
nvti, . v\ w, V ""'g^'bo^rliood of tho hmestono rocks. Alluvial deposits are not
extensive in Vancouver Island-tho streams being short wattsr-courscs.
(^ANADIAJ^ PACIFIC EAILWAY.
'Jl'o last link of this great work is rapidly approaching completion in British
•Co uinbia, and ,t is antic pated the road wilt he open for throngh traffic ear - in S
ItJ.as lH.en determnuHl immediately to extend the railway to thHerSl citv of
Vancouver," on ('oa Harbour and English JJay. Arrangements have s^^lso been
EAILWAY LAND GIIANT ON THK EAS'I' (.^OAST OF
VANCOUVER fSLAXD.
.,rr«,]".rr^h'' *" '^"'1' ' K^'';; '="",«t'-»"tion of the EsqulmauU and Nanaimo Railwav, a
grant has been made by the (iovernment to a railway company, of an area of km
h no ;rr r ' r"\';' ^r^r^ Jslaml boumlod as follows :-0n tlfe Sut bv a straig
iiedraMi fr.,m the hea.l of Saanich Inlet to Muir Creek on the Straits of luica- on
ho V\ est by a straight line drawn from Muir Creek to Crown Mountain ; on the Nmlh
V fho c^.'fi i nT?v '^ ''"•" Crown Mountain to Seymour Narrows ; am? on the C
n tho coast hue of Vancouver Island to the point of commencement, and includim;
1 here is c^xc.^pted out of the above tract the portion of land Iving to the northward of a
li'i?.rj';""'f ^"'' and west half-way between the mouth of Courtanav m<l7tcomo^
district) and .Seymour burrows, less lien lands which the company haVo to get in this
excepted tract tor the lands that have been alienated already within the Umita of the
Eoiiil tide s(iuatt«rs who have continuously oci'upied and improved any of tho above
amis lor one year, pnor to 1st .lanuary, 188S, are entitled to a grant of the freehold of
the surface nglits, to the extent of 160 acres to each squatter, at the rate of $1.00 i«r
mMwI!lk,^''''M'''\''''^7^"*'-n-*'''* lailway company, except .a,s to the coals and other
mint lals. ami iiubor (or milling i)ur|)osos, is open for four years from lUth December,
i»^..,t() actual settlers for agricultural puri>oses, at tho rate of $1 per acre, and the
ttmernment ol the provinces will issue pre-emption records for KiO acres to each such
wJ^lV '■"*•'"'' '.'f''"'*J; «>:'i^l'':ii'' are now employing (August 1885) nearly 4,000 n^en.
Alore than .',5 miles outot the 7o an, ready for tracklaying, which is being viLrouroush
r)rnsecuted. It is ex(«cted that the line will be completed for traffic ami opened about
next muisumnior.
Graving dock at Esqnimault, three miles from Victoria, one of the largest in the
world, IS also approaching completion. About :5()0 men are steadilv employed on thi>
NKW VVRSTMINSTFIi DISTRICT.
■fhe rich valley <if the Lower Eraser, or New Westminster District, is tho lar^ast
"ompact agri.niltnral district m the provim'e. It is on the mainland shore, opposite the
South-Easte:
little above i
The NoA
anywhere o
ocean with ;
sheltered at
the district,
with game,
of Western (
There is no
Menzies fir, ;
maple, but tl
by tho repea
The Ne\
tertiary forn
(jf very modi
There are lai
important ti
parts, and al
uniformly fe
than others.
The delt
tiess. Very
grows well.
Thesurfj
river-valleys
able altitude
and recrossii
The vall(
rivers are tli
extensive slo
fipens, and sc
the i)eculiar
well known t
Over ver
coast region,
as tho soil is
the coast. T
Cultivation i
commonly oi
formation, ai
of all tho ce
much hotter
cucumbers t
IVuit growiii
principal indi
of the interic
their height.
As regar
raisers, not o
is une(]uallec
.summer nioi:
and all anim
The perl
resembles in
southern inte
In the m
sive low coui
The surface of the whole valley is lo\<-,
21
South-Eastorn iiortion of \'ancoiiver Island,
little above the sua level.
•XSme ■ Tl e cVmvZ ^uJ^ '''""'" juid other food fish, and the distri.^t abonnVl.^
of \\S'rn Ore 4 Z L ^^^ somewhat Innuid in parts, has neither the wetness
Ther^ s o ™ ' Somi n h1 ^ •'tl''''-\"f '■ ?^'"T °^^','*' ^""'So Californian valleys.
tertiarN^imat o'' °' The '.olit''' ^"'"V'?'^ T''' ^"^'^ '^^•'^^'J' ^^^ ''^'^^^ «^tent on soft
of v4r^^Sm ddta d no^i i' Tf'', '" ^''f ««?f l'f"-« n^unicipalities, is compose.!
There a riar'e trarts o^^^ ^'''^^'' 7'^^^''^ *!'« "'"^tpart, a day snLoil.
hnp^,:m'tr?uSir^2\^f ^^^ RSr^p.s^^:^ ^^ ^te^?"- °^^^ -°r«
than^rife^^^ easily exhausted
ness VerttSl'i:^^^^^^^ 'J.l^'^',.''^'","^?;^'^ '""•'^'>- ^'? t^'l-'^Hed for strength and rieh-
"rowswd? °"'^^-''''^'' '^"^ realized with comparatively careless cultivation. Fruit
4
J
P
m
[,
TNTRRrOR OF MAIXLAND.
rIvo^^W?wi?b'J™s''lTl r^ir^ '^^ '!'", ''^*'"'''^'' !^ ■'' '■o^l'i^'ition of lonj. narrow
able alt Be T .^n, .hdn'f h ' ''^' -i"'' «'oP^^S,'-'>^'»K to mountains of consider-
a Ini osS.' m • S^ nn^ ""■^'"'° ""'-''^ "'^ rolhn- lightly wooded hills, crossing
aiiuitLrossing, maivc It a picturesque region
river?frrt\'fe7)euches^o?''t^^^^^^^ '"'''""'"' T '*'' '"'''^ '""^ *'"'»■« ^o^^' ^^t^" ^^ck from the
expensive sneriitfr f'^^^'J^ '''"-I "iimerous hills of all sizes rising above the
opens 'lul so ft; an rt asTn ?:''' V^'f H'V'''^ ^i'^^''^' '°^"'g '-^Pi^arently the gravellv
tl.^ T^c ir tree of hf rl lif ' '. ' ''•' *" '"terfero w th the free travel in all directions, is
SiCi;^tXt^iSS |;S'Si^^^ ^"^~^- ^-
coa«t rc-ion'ThelnleHo't^.^ 'IT''' ^''^^f ««4in»' i" the aggregatethe arableareas of the
aslho so Ts • moined Vn^i t ^'''"'^■'i' f ''";"""*-' ^'•""^'"^ "^^ ^o 2,500 or 3,000 feet, so far
tl'ecoas T e lin?.^^^^^ '""? been provoU to bo as fertile as the best on
[' dti v' t on U rnltr fn 'i ^'"'"''^'''W^ ^o dry in the summer, that irrigation is necessarv.
iommoiv of ..Txtir^^^^^ *'!? ''^"'^•^'^ ^"^^ terraces. ""The soils consist
w"S f .m<l of^w ut ?nf?/ ""''l ^^';'n1' '■'"'•""'^' ^^'*th the character of the local
f t \v , .dl V. ,M^, 1^ deposits. They everywhere yield extraordinarv croi«
nS X^int^n ,T^, f '^Vt"'-^ r^^^^ favourably situated. The climate is
■ucumb^rs tl ivp f wV tbe.climate of the coast region. Tomatoes, melons, and
iSerowili^ nod nht Z^'''''''''" \1 "'^'^'' P'*'"^- ^'^^y ti''i' ^ruit can he grown.
1 ruit growing, no doubt, as soon as there is an external market will bo one of the
princiial industries both n this and other parts of the provinm 11 el igh«^ plateaux
their heigh""' """'' '-'"l^ivated, and there' is some danger of summer frosts, SiJ to
raisei^ nTnnW^'nfuV''' '"t^r'T-,''*^ '^^^liole-. '3. "I the opinion of experienced stock
raisers, not only the most remarkable grass roi: on on the Pacific slone hut nrohablv
IS une,)ualled on the continent. Even the Alpine pi^ uraj^ iS vm nutr tiCK^
«umme,r months. The grass-fed beef and mutton a?e of the fine^t^qTa t ^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^
and all animals notoiily thrive, hut li.ive » jKM-nliar vi'^our 4"'*'". ii.o.a..s
'^'b« Pprtion of the southern interior in the Columbia and Kootenav re.'ion,
resembles in climate, and in many other resi)ects, the portion of the more westerlv
southern interior between the (Jolumbia and Fraserrivers
.iv«l\u';^.,?.\Tvv'lvi /'f'^^*' ^''/i *"t^>''i'"- Pl'iteim of British (^olumbia, there is an exten-
sive l(.n\ country which, lrt)m the resemblance of much of it to parts of Scotland was
t:
22
tl.e Isec],a.-o und other tributar e^'C soi is almnv/,,n r T'^' ""'^T' '" ^''» '^^^i" ^<'
i
.18 cl..anHl off, the climate mnvnt f "?-,?. .^/^^ ^ '"til i.uu'h of the timber
occupied f„r these purpoLes ion V^^^^ ^'"'^ '■^«'"'' '« .lot hkelv'to b'.
pass8i>eoies,but,clfieS- r^d to, andbluo^Toi^ '"■^' "^'^ «*" ^''^ ''""'•'-
having a soutiiern asi^et. "' ' ^*'^^' l'^''i-Miio on the slopes ..f hills
is a Sh!^Iio S:He£^r;;;:JiriS*;::"'^ thoprovh.., i„ its no..th-oast auKle, tho.e
the elhnategoo,!; ^oil S^^U^n^ J^^^""'!^^ about 2,00.) leet above 'ho s^.
leaco liiver eoujitry i„ KC'.UMUil with i m >t^ „n/l 1 /• '''^ ^'"^ <>'"«« «f tin
that ro-ioii Ivinjr east of tl ] r t «i, /' '".Hlulating surface than the mrtion ul
depressions Wi.hVn lo si. e an ? L ,^' 1'"^""' boundary. Tlu, vallevs\iro \i,
level. The distric't is ol 'ato.^d s i r, e Vl' """\ '^ '^'^ '' '''"^''^y ^^''^'■"'''d terra
with second growth m-o.x1 w eh imiuf. . ''V''? ''' "■""^''^''' *'"• tl>« ">ost part
distriet ean be easily cli-e^, 'LlllTS'^^^S^i^^^^^^^ ^"^' «"-<-• '"'^ '-■•' <'f the
.ay^;!:l-ffS{^t=rs;^
co^.s; hfoS ;;^!;!:::-, -,;i-r '{S^ thL 'Sxs^si^r^f SS
will bo disposed of ,;..,;• e land ro-nhtions^-Vl' '''}.' ''■''''•^^'>' ^"' ^^ «'"'«»'"1 «"">'
the. agent in the Provinee. nl^'..r^:ZlZ^lZ:^:i:^::^ through
A GENERAL VIEW OF TIIK AGIircUr.TlIRAL KKSOUECES.
Dn. Dawson's Evidknci:.
othen;s:^^?S:i^^tSs''£i,r;s;?r""'^?'>^ ''=^^-« ^-- '-"-^-i -
It 18 considered better to give t le vi nvs of r . wsn.f !'V ""'^«'-t^'»^'« "^ this subje,,,
vinceJnc.,nnoctionwiththoGeolo i^lS Jvl;/ f^^^ ^''{^ '''"^'^'-"* "» tbat Pm-
yi.irs-a length ot exiK.riJn",\ii,t/2'efsd,'^^^^
iniorniation we quote was iurnislR.bvtPi^r.n '"«/"t«"'^'^''»t observations. Tim
Parliament. He said •-" jSi, V- i,? • F^"'<'«'"'\V ^"^ ^ <'oinmittee of the ( anadim
parts agrieidtumhy bv tl o SnnS s ^,i'l"1"'''^''j;^''^"'«'' '"^"^ two very dis il
region luis a clinmto-of extT, es Tn.l t « .S'" *'"' T^^ ''''"'^''- ^he interior
region has a mild, e.-uable Sm' tc Hr til, r • ?'" l""'* '"^ '"^""y ^'"y- '1''"' <'«'^'s'
throughcnitasamountainonsZu^vl It", tliT^''' ^^^
the whole surface, is eoniparati el v small I d nn """""^.r ''"""'''P '^""'' ^'"'"Pared to
Br.t.sh CoIumbia,'as it nu^st 1^ rSne.Sen^ 1 • othe^ rT "■ ^''f <i'«^i<lvanta;-o ot
pnuluefive, are sinnlarlv situated nrdnir,: VI- .''"''"*■''-''?' ^■"""" <'^ l'« verv
that only one-lifteenth of tlm St' t"e is (iV ' 1 ^"^t.^"''^'. >* l>=is been estin.ateil
cultivable The south.-rn part of he in eri' r of H -iJSsb'J '1''''"^ ""^^ ""'>' ^^ ^^^^^ ^^' ^^
Kivor,isthe district whieh has so ti • «H L J ! ' ^/''"^"'^ of the Frasn'
cultiviilion is restricted as a r le to t o v £^1/ if ^"'^"* V" '^^''-i'^'-'t'Tally. Ti,,.
throi.gh the surface of the phtSu u tlltr r.^n ' ''' T '^"^''^■' tr"ugh-like, And cut
is necessary. This is h m. x^ I' ■""' '^" climate is so dry m summer that rri-ili,,,,
running fr.,m tl, hi'her X H^x .'i'l ^'""'T^" '''^'""'"* ^•*' ^''^ "''-ul'er o f s n'
ar.>, produced. Tl 'o hiS J 1 lat^u.x aro^"!t'^^^^ T\ "'"' ''"-^'"'' very'lhie or, ^
tho ia.a that «unnnor"frosl^s «.c , ''tI.^ h 1 .r 1',^""- \" *''^'''' '^'t''"''--'' "'' '
covered wth bunch .'rass '.ndw *i '"gh.^r plateaux, however, are lai-r(>;N
^iven the south of BriS'oSn h" s ch hnoo::r^ «to. ^-raising regions whiclM; n.
area of gricnUnral lan.ls <loefi ' gl v^t ^ft K^^^ '^''l^''^ 'l].'"f, the mc.
roam
lands east of Fraser I
tiling under 1,000 8(1
mselves on tlie "natural gra.sses. The wl
Aiver
)le area of agricultun
;",r^i^T/. «"^^" 9-1];"'"-^ I i-av: s.:a
uaro miles, of which about 5U0
It
Solili-
square miles probaldy mav I
23
iay Company.
1 tiio basin of
itisgonerally-
of the timber
bio piirjxisos.
it likely to bn
tlio biincli-
lopos (if bills
tan)j;Ie, tliei(>
ove tho sou;
those of the
10 {X)rtion ul
'ys are wido
luled terraro
lio nicst pait
much of thd
raoifieKail-
■Ills, ('anaihi
t of ]jriti.-li
ledneil soon,
eiit through
aut.
JECj':s.
nclii'atod in
tliis Mibjod,
n that Pr,,-
art of seven
tioiis. Tlio
Canadian
ery distiiK I,
he iuterinr
Tho Coast
coii.sidereJ
onipared t'.
vantauo ut
to be V(!ry
estiniatcl
a part of it
the Frasi i'
•ally. Tiic
e, and out
; irri.iration
uf sfreauis
line crop-:
itude, ail' I
re lai-irei)
liicli ha\ii
, the meic
10 country
th a ciiiii-
i over tl '»
;ricultur,:l
at .sohii-
i' niav I ■
^-•aMly utilised." "The cliaracler of the soil is almost uniformlv very fertile in tliese
\alley.s. The climate in summer is very dry and warm. It is' one "of extremes • in
winter the cold is considerable ; hut the cattle still winter out vorv v.ell, and live' all
the year round on tho natural grasses."
, FARMING AND (JRAZING CAPABILITIES.
land:
Being asked by Mr. Baker, M.P., to do,scribo the nature and extent of the farm
s on tlie Fraser, Kootenay and Okanagan districts, Dr. Dawson said :— "1 do not
know that any i)recig8 estimate has been made of the farming land about the estuary
jf tho Frawr, but there is a great deal of tiat land there, partly prairie land which has
to be dyked to prevent the overflows of tho river, and make it useful for agriculture
In 1S77, Mr. Dewdney informed me that about 400,000 acres had already boon survey-
.h1 into townshii)s, of which lie estimated about 230,000 as jirairie or lightly wooded
lo this may be adde4 10,000 to 15,(K)0 acres, representing good land near the Frasei!
'etween Clullinohack and Hope. I included the Kootenay and Okanagan country in
"'*""■"" There is a beautiful tract on Okanagan
good
is
isily
the general estimate for tho southern interior,
ake, about the Mis.sion, which is already j^rettv thicklv settled, and has many goc
farms, ihen, on the Spalhimsheen, between Okanagan and Shuswap Lake, there
much hne land in a very wi.U^ valley, and irrigation here is not necessary. It is easi
accessible by water from Kamlooiis."
Dr. Dawson said in this connection that the farm and stock-raising capabilities of
Uiese Localities had been very little develoiwl, owing to its being almost impossible to
take produce to market, but all that would bo changed on the completion of the
Canadian Pacific Railway. He added :— " 1 cannot sjxiak too highly of the grasses and
grazing land ot the southern jiart of British Columbia. Thev are not excfVlIed if thev
are even oiiualled by any grazing land I know." "
He further explained that horse and cattle could be driven across the paescs of
the mountains into the North- West Territory.
With regard to the northern portions of the province. Dr. Dawson stated :— " In the
northern i)art of the interior plateau, there is another extensive low countrv, which I
have estimated the area of at about l,2:i0 sciuare miles. The soil of thi.s" is almost
nnitormly good ; but, being to a great extent covered with trees, it cannot be utilised
.so readily tor agricultural purp(jses, and it lies besides, off the proiwsed route of the
railway, and is not likely to be o])ened up for some time- Still it is a country which I
have every reason to believe will be eventually occupied by an agricultural population.
It lies chiefly north of the 51st parallel, and west of the Fraser River in the basin of
the iNechacco ami its tributaries. The coast region is, of course, not liable to any of
those dilhculties of drought oroccasional summer frost, that some of thelii<'her regions
400,000 acres are well suited for agriculture; of this, only about 10,000 are cultiyated
hut a great portion of the Hat country which is suitable for agricnltuie in Vancouver'
IS very densely covered with forests, and, owing to the high price of labor at the
resent time, and coinparati\oly small iiunil)er of people in the country, it is not yet
■on(iinically advantageous to clear these forests or bring these lands under cultiva-
tion
•' On tho (jueen Charlotte Islands there are some 700,000 acres of low land on the
nortli-eaiit coast, a great part of whii'h luav eventually be brought under tilla-'e but
It IS also covered densely with forests at jmsent, of very fine trees, and its immediate
value is a timber producing region.
"At the mouth of the Yrnmr River tiie flat land proh.ihlv amounts to more than
ihe whole 111 the Island of Vancouver, and some of it is of 'very excellent quality.
< .eiierailj' the soils of British Columbia, where they are cultivated at all, are exceed-
ingly lertile, and the crops iirodnced on i\w mainland and on Vancouver Island am
\<ry large. \\ heat, tus an example, averages 'M to 40 btishels an acre on land at ad
well cultivated.
5)
liMjiiMm
24
PEACE KIVER DTSTRKT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA-ITS (JRFAT
IMPORTANCE.
able, from ,»rm,.,l knowl„le„ ,,,„,„ak/i, ,I,a, lv„r,M"
if\ii iSrKr* rronF„i», .k^-tf^^^^^^^^^
«alo 3.,«KJ „ul„, „r l,!ia,,(KIO ac„». One „f t" h Bo't ,, r^^^^^ °Si'
RrUiihP r'*,"- ''''" I'"'" '^'^''^^'^ wl.ctlicr these remarks referre l\v ollv or in nart t„
MK uaui jiait ot tins urea wheat will be asatisiactcrv ami sure cron If nnlv tl„.
..s mated prau-ie area bo taken as inunediately stiscentible <>f cumvation is vSd t
tl>e rate above estimated, would bo 38,400,000 bushels '" ' ' '
not s^ Ilic emlv'innS ?'''^ '"""V??" ^'''''^^''' ^"i^»' ««''"«times occur in this region, wer.
not hulliciontly ntdse to prevent tlio ripennii,' of Avheat and other trriins This ; ,•
no \\ah tni rt, was not more lavourablo than nsua ; on the wmtrarv he said it wm ■„,
unusijally severe season, but yet the frost did not affect the wSUn f He !*i 1^ •
,.I.'::""':..^^,.^.'i'.*:"*:"',«!'^'^'^"«'«-'f ^y^'^-'it from the Hudson's Bar Post. In fm^'.Vl,,.
•ount
1
harvest, which delayed the ri}>enin!:r of tl
He further stated that •'wlieat ti
10 ixrain.
. jjeri
\-et weatlier just before
iriv(!s at L(^s.ser Slave Lake P
'ost. Isawbarkn
tEAr
iltural land"
il with force
i aro a^-Miii
li iDoridiaii
intaiii.s, anil
Mountains,
line, and i.-,
iv miles."
■ iiicli I ani
parallel ol
^inA' 31,5."),S
irated from
la.sca. The
little more
roHomliies
intorveiunu
Koil, owini;,
idoneed by
Ktuieral the
rable iirea^
reus airgro-
:iirio, t-outh
V scuitterod
ms, and is
ever seen,
ir, and lo^\
most part
^rtliis ar(!ji
pt^r cent,
rea (.)f the
• in part to
I'ause til at
tural land
f tlio r)7tli
Bre inysell
tlio re^doii
a measnre
ise of esti-
lie acre, it
e wlioleol
jiart of it
te, it is as
itiro wheat
11 asotht'i
that over
f only the
« yield, at
i?ion, Avere
This lie
1 in whieli
it wa.s ail
ad(!!'d :
1 fact, the
nst before
awbarle\
25
ripe, with fine heads, jjrown by the TVoe Indians at StufKoon Lake, on the plateau, and
at Fort St. John, further ui) the I'oaco Rivor and considerably nearer the moinitains .
barley and oats are known to have been r\[Hi on Aunnut 12th in 187'), thonu'h at Iho
>;iine place in 1H7'.» wheat was a failure. Fort St. John is near the wi^.stern edtrt! of tlie
ountry 1 eonsiderofa'.'ricultural value. Of (nurse, it is very desirable to have further
■xperiments in a few chostui localities — chosen as being the most unfavouralde — to.show
the best and worst that can be said of the country."
The very great importance of the facts statedby Dr. Dawson can ,«an(*ly be over-
•stinuded in relation to the trade and settlement both of IJritish ( 'ohimhiaan'd those of
the Dominion at large
The evidence of Prof. ^Vlacoun, the botaiust of the racitie Railway survey, is pre-
insely to the same eft'ect as that of Dr. Dawson with regard to the agricultural capabili-
ties of British Columbia, if his testimony bo not, in fact, even warmer in its estimation.
Ho says, "I consider nearly all the Peace River section (including the portion in
British Columbia) to be well suited for raising cereals of all kinds, and twothirds of it
lit for w heat. The soil is as go(jd as in any part of JManitoba, and the climate if anv-
thing milder," "All my observations tended to show that the whole Peace River
country was just as ciipable of successful settlement as Manitoba. The soil seemed
to bo richer— the country contains more wood — there are no saline mar'-dies or lakes—
the water is all good — there are no summer frosts — the spring is just as early and the
winter sets in no sooner." " ISritish Columbia is the garden of the Dominion." " The
.soil in the valleys (of Rritish ( 'ohnnbia) is ulintj/x gooil."
PROVINCIAL (if)VERNMKNT LANDS.
(towu lan<ls in Ib-itish Cnlumbia are clas.silied as either surveye 1 or nnsurvoye<l
lands, and may bo ac(iuireil either by record au<l piv-omjition, or by purliase.
PRE-EMITIONS.
The following jiorsons may record or pre-empt Crown lands, viz. : Any [ierso:i being
the head of afamily, a widov,-, ur a single man over IS years of age, being a British
subject, may record surxeyed or iinsurveyod Crown lands which aro unoccuj>ied, or
unreserved, and unrecorded.
Aliens may also record such surveyed or unsurveyed lands, on making a declara-
tion of intention to become a I'ritish subject.
The (juantity of land w hich may l)e ref;orded or pre-emi)tod is not to exceed 820
acres northward and eastward of the Cascade or Coast ^Mountains, or 100 ai'res in the
rest of the province.
No i)erson can hold more than one pre-emption claim afr«, time. Prior record or
pre-emption of one claim, and all rights under it, are forfeited by subsequent record or
pre-emption of another claim.
Land recorded or pre-empteil cannot be transferred or conv(>ye I till after a Crown
u'rant has been issued.
Such land, until the Crown grant is i.ssued. is held by occupatinn. Such occupation
must be a bona lide iKMsonal residence of tlie settler or homestead settler, or his family
ir agent. Indians or Chinese cannot be agents,
Tlie settler must enter into occupation of the land within thirty days after
recording, and must continue to occupy it.
Continuous absence for a longer jieriod than two montlis consecuti vely, of the settler
or homestead settler, and his agent or family, is deemed cessation of occupation; but
leave of absence may be granted not exceeding four months in any one year, inclusive
of the two months' ab.«ence.
Land ia considered abandoned if unoccupied for more than four months in the
aggregate in one year, or for more than two months consecutively.
If So abandoned, the laud becomes wasteland of the Cro\\n, without any (lancellu-
1 ion of the record.
The fee on recording is two dollars.
The settler may either have the land surveyed at his own instance, (subject to recti-
fication of boundaries), or wait till the Chief CommissiontT causes it to be surveyed.
After survey has been made, upon proof, by declaration in writing of himself and
1^:
w
h^
\f
"i
26
PAYMENT FUR LAND AND CROWN GRANT.
fo^'i'i^i:!i2:::r^^^^ paid m
pre-emption,and each other instalm«nfv«orvT'f! ^^^"^ ('"""' date of record n,
sion" ^^ xS:";/'?frp^ii;^ni;riir "^ 'r '''''^^'^*"« ^^-^ ^^^ -
entitled thereto, a« he may di^n j^st ' f '"^''" '"•-■'' I-rovisiou for tho im;.n
PRE-EMPTIONS FOR PARTNERSHIP PURR^SES.
cades'ireadlp^^.trSl.S'::^^^^^^
landSi&y'^r^^HHS^ on .„
particular pre-emption partner, or his agent, need not reside on hi^
stea^|S^^:i;:;?;,S^^ hon.stead, if the hon.-
two dollars and fifty cent! j'^r acK^ie wlfole^t^^^^ an.onntmg, ni the aggregate, t,
MILITARY AND NAVAL SETTLERS.
x>a\ai isettier« Aft, 18(.3.' This apphes only to the mainlau,!
under the " Military and
of British Columbia.
Vacant s
and not India
IK^racrc. Sur
liir ill lull at t
The appli
must give two
;iii(l ill any nc
He must
of and acting i
The jirice
fit the time of
Tho (jiian
Till- ])urchase i
Landholde
of iiiirocorded
iai<e, i^cc, adjs
autliority of tli
The farm s
tlie registratior
(C-)00 Englisli)
cattle " farmed
The " Dail.^
" liere are oxt:
" jiurchasc. TJ
" that tho Terri
In British I
FREE GRANTS FOR IMMIGRATION.
^onsi:it^ZSZ:iZJ^!^l3^ and restri.-
pied or unappropriatetl lands for the Tpnnr/ ' °^P'^i:^'.'i"y '««, grants of unocMi-
poses of pub^lic acKag,;! ' t-ncouragement of immigration, or other pur-
FOR DRAINAGE AND DYKING.
FanIsTlSrto"a*;i?°S°u or SSvTr ?." "°^' ---t lands, or make free
irrigating the same, s^ub^ tl^ ^nc^'^SiolT.s^^'Z^ni.S^.T'''' '"''^^'^^' '"
DOMINION
P
This land g
and up the Fraf
|i;ust Kamloops
to the eastern fi
with the Proviii
^-jiccd, bo offe-e
surveyed agrici
Lands Act, 188
jrood building n
])(if<cs. The pri'
will not be gran
SALK Ol' SrRVi;YEf> LANDS.
.„., S^5;5iS;sl,l^t;,::i!S :zxLZfS: ^i™s:iir Sivjtss
k! >:;f:
SALE OF UNSUKVEYKI) J.AN'DS.
Tho applicant to pnrrhaso lu.survcy.vl Cro^vn lands, aftor stakinL' mjstin.r A,-
n.nst ^Mve two ,uontl,s' nc.tiro .,f his inte.Klcd ai.,.licatiou n thJunSuS^^
Jlo must also Juiye tho land survoyod al his own oxihuisc, l.y u survovor aimrovHd
of and actm- under the instnirtions of tho fhiof (•.•.Mnlissiorn'r ''""''•"' .approved
liio i)rice IS hvo dollars andjijt,, cmU \k'.t aero, to l)o i.aid asVolIows-— 10 ut cBnt
«t tho tune of apphcat -on and 00 por cent, on eomplotion and a.-ceptam;. of survey
Iho onantitv of land .nu^t bo not less than KJO acres, nor n or" than (i4() • res
The purchase must be comi.k.ted within six months from date of aSc^tion "^^■
WATER KKillTS.
Landholders may divert, for a-ricultnral or other j.urposos, the re.iuirtjd onantitv
of unrec.rded and nna;.,.ropriate,l water Iron, tho n'atnral chanmT\^^ny^stroam
^l:i.l
HOMESTEAD ACT.
The farm and bnildinsrs, when registered, cannot be taken for debt incurred ..ft^r
he registration; ,t is free from seizure up to a value not greater tS 2500 dol^^a^^^
(L.^00 Encrhsh); goods and chattcds are also free up to 500 dollars r£10(u'nii«M^
<attle "fanned on shares" are also prote.'tod by an Exemption Act ^ I^"g''slO;
TITLES.
The " Daily News," an Oregon newspaper, said lately :— " Emigrants that come
here are ex reme ly wary m looking after tho titles of tl.e pro,H3rh lev desire to
l.urchase J us vigihmcio and caution are probablv owing more or less t-.tlmfePt
" that the Territorial laws yet obtain on our borders "" ^ *''*
In British Columbia no dificitlty of this kind exists. Titles are secitr,.
DOMINION GOVERNMENT RAILAVAY LANDS ALON<i TH].; CVNADIAN
PACIFIC RAILWAY WITHIN BRITISH COLU.MBIA.
■md up «,e &'ii-\*.llT.?v'rl vH ^f ^■j!"''^''^' ^.""''^ *'^^«"'''»' <'i« Now Westminster district
anu up tiiel'raser valley to Lytton; thence it runs up the Thompson River vnUev
pas kam oops and through Eagle Pass across tho northern part yKootena? distric^t
to he eastern frontier of British Columbia. The Dominion Gov ernmSas aSeed
w. 1 the Provincial Government that the land in this tract shall. wU aU onven S
-i'^o'^, be offered for sale ou hboral terms to actual settlers. Homestead entries for
r3l.t""?88V'hn\ n!^f'f'''l- 'T ^''"'^^ T "/« ''''V' t«^™« of the " Dominion
Lands Act, 1883, but not for timber or hay lands, or lands containing minerals or
good building material or which may te required for raihvav or general public nur-
IvIllnotbStnSd^'^^''^'''"'^'*'"^' '^Jo'"'"^ I'^^d held by Homestead Rght
*:•:
d^.i^
28
FDREST TREES.
, S f i' ''x'-^'' '^«'^'"bhng box ; roaches 50 feet in lieigli' an I ''o i dies ii <1 '
tound, oommonly included un<ler the name of Cb«o«S. o'[e cu"^' 'ot e^^
5s for'ill.f 1 r'' •'"^ wood largely use.l in Paget Sound to nu4eraves for s ar^^^ • ^
nulls on the'cZt mtth! fJlT^ '''"' '"', '' >'« V'^Pe^fe^-tlr known. The large sa.^ -
America cfiina 1 T ^nVh^*" ^^P'"''''•1''''■*''1y ^°'' ^''« '"'^'"'^^^^ of Australi? South
wiof i ' .V""^' ''^*^' ^t will be sent by railway from the Columbia River to tlm Nnrt
«m cI;f.X'"'Th'°P°? u-"'*v-'^>,'"'"'''''.!? »f »™iI«rnn«lilj.to the WhitePlnoof Ea-t-
in tlie nefii
for export
River, iu t
Pnlice
I'Ut trees o]
iini)aymeii
half yearly
transferal)l
includecl la
cents per tl
_ Thewl
digiousnur
ijuantities (
halibut, sar
exceeding ]
I'ourses anc
excellent ci
while the
perch, eels,
ing oil, are
Ahstrnct frt
Total V
Estima
tioi
Valuati
Valuati
Engai
F
S
The fish
Those of the
' Aor (iOO mill
hist till the I
they have b(
to August, a:
Tlie third, c
iinmpback si
from six to f
winter, its w
of tho settlor-,
:3ri()r inijrlitlx
tilt* province.
n Pine), very
:iivcr. Eiujh.
w, very liir;:c,
(', abonnd.s in
pinr Ilnnlncl;,
Pitch J'hll), ;i
Isoiiift ; 4 feci
o). Col mill )i:i
Whitc-harkin
sli or reddish
lick. Ydh.i,
shiiids. W,.-
to Sliuswiii'
hardwood ;
1 coast, up til
^;conliiu'dt.i
ird, uiid of ;i.
sj-'oodpolisli
T, and aloii-
nibia ro<rioii,
nver Island;
le. Arhvtns.
U'lics in dia-
lids over tlif
' pcplars an
xtond abo\c
irsii;rar har-
•. Mountain
icouver, and
e large saw-
ralia, South
3 tli6 North-
ir the coast,
light feet in
orniing lym-
e north end
Island. Ill
id here and
ble. Occurs
rn portions
ough, rigid,
. is in great
lerally, and
for masts
42 inches,
he grounds
e tree Wiis
idon, Enu'-
ineof East-
I large tree
r Tamarar,
the south-
mbianniist.
29
in the near future lea<l to the opening up of industries mid .i imMif (r.„i,. ti i
TI.MBKK LIPENSES.
rnlicenaed iierson«,excoi)t for farm and mining puri>o,ses &e are imf .«.,•.,. ltfn,l ..
cut trees on Crown lands. A timber license may be mn tec fn'rloi'ii .?,.<•' V '
nn payment of $10 annually, and 15 centrf.^e^cli'tnle !x ' li lockWelk .fna^'d^^^
half year y. .No person ..an hohl more than one li.,.enso at tie sLiT ime an h' il , S
trans erable Millowners cannot saw logs taken froni C fw.rian s ? n
included lands leased at less than ten .enls an acre) until 1 ^In or , lues of wen v
cents ix;r thousand feet board measure are paid.. *•
FISHERIES.
tng od.are n,:merous. The capture of the valuable fur^ealk all irijc'rtX^industiJ"
MMrnet from. Offical return uf MatM^s rclnting to tlw Fi.lu:rk. of PrUi.h ColmM.r
for the year 1883.
Total value of yield, as per return list ^1 r.ni ii^; j'<
fon previously supplied .' P... 4,885.000 00
Total $6,488,145 42
Valuation . ,f vessels engage<l In the fislieries, last vears, nets. &c. c^^SS 04-, no
\ aluation of .'annenes, oil stations, and oth^r plant . . '. . . ,515 ol.-' Jo
Total $768,245 00,
Engageil in the fisheries lastvear:—
Sailors ". -^
Fishermen ![!..'.'.'.. 2 638V
Native hunters with sealing fleet. .".'.'. ." .' ,'.' '<>% f 2,934
Shoremen..-. *^.... 9 isc
Total "T^Q
u> August, and are oS^^^ ^fiS^^L ^^^^ r':^^:^^^^-^^:
In mnback s'Z'"^ '" ^"^'"'*' ^"'^'^Se seven pounds, and are an Lcdlent fis^ The
rom^i^^T. f \ " '''""*'^ every second year, lasting from August till winter weighing
trom six to fourteen pounds. The hookbill arrives in September and renvdm. till
winter, Its weight ranges from twelve to forty-five pounds ^ * ^
^;iv
.■iMk^i^i
.=»nlt
Tl
!in
I j!
rancrn of tlio North Parifiosalm
"^oinco" ■'
80
,r.n is wider than that of the W,
. ,.., iH-.n ran^ie fn.in ( anfomia tr.Xr.rHl.'.'rn J7' "' "i® " ostnrn Atlantic
'vinnot I.O sai.i that tho Ha Oof ^a^^^^^ "'^: Nurth-\V..Ht. but it
ha^/ l;^-;;!:;.! K«^^;- -;i 'i;;^-i:;;;-i-;;;y:' -in.o,, h„t fn,sh sai„.o„. tv...,.,
that this will frrow to an inin i tra f n o urer tlshL"'^ """' "" '^""^^t oxi.t.s
i'm'HK! liiuhvav is tinislw.! ' ^''^'^ ^'"'' **» ^'o"> «« s^n as theCanudian
;;om:^'rS'^;;:;r^:iSnr''"lr:M:,f!;i'^^* t- - -^''^ '-•-« ion., .hi^h
Farther north it is fatter. ^tisextVu 01^01 n;i il^''*"" /V .'''''>' '" ^''^'^^ ""mixers
tK'"!^'."''" *■.'"■"-'■*: t''« oil and -^'••" '"■"' " '""'-''^
Z^.^'Zr'HHJr^^'^'^ «OMU, t,ih.H do whalS Oil.
hm, (ish an, also .Iri.vi and 1 1^ 1 urn ^ t V ,fl ? ••"' ■'^' """■,""'•'« ^l" whalS oil.
»"candlo-lish." Tlu» oil has Ihmm r/ttled and ox 'li '^' "'" ''"^^ "••»'»""t l«'owa
3unml .superior to coti-liver oil li.r u SUT ,nu.' rV • '"IT ^•^^''"^ "'"' '"^ I"'"-
I British ( olunihia. "»eaicinal purposes. Ihis fish is most ahund mt
The 111-!,-!.- /.,„! ., „ :._/• , « .
OS '
nounced
ini
otthona'.i.., trihe, .'atdiinrMtfor its i nSn^^^ '*? ^'''■y <''t and oily, son.,:
in «altn,^' the hluck rod and s.m.lhii to oaser'?n^rf>r /''"'''".' ^'l'^^ experiments
In 187.S u few sha.l won- planted ii tJiS r . e .f^ Pi ''^ l^eonhi^ddysu,.,,..sstul.
ocnastonally . aught in the Maters of I' ^'^^fS" ] Usl^^^ S^^^^ ""^' .^'V? ^'"" ««»' i'*
. ,/'•» fjative oysters of the provine*, a -e s h ,t ti "'"'"l""- and Alaska,
n theiall of 1883 is thriving.' Th r, v^tio of ti i ';'''^'V'""^'''" ''>'^'*"- '"'Port.'d
tukenin our M'aters on a consider I. sde Tit / ' '..''' "" ""^'"''"^^ •'*'"" "'"'"'-
Its food i.s .mueh the satno as h f ho'crais' whth" r^"*^' ''"'"'*' ^"^ intrc.luced.
Of the provtnee, and the lobster, like the c^s^^^te^g^r ^S Z^LS^.
HUNTING AND AxNGLING.
choiS^;^rKS«^^S::.;;:'^ffi^^ Thesport^man has his
prairie chiekens, nuails ducks sni ... nn i ^'"'T*' ' V'^''^ various kinds of -rouse
t'o loves hard stK^-t th / mmnita o^t l^''''*'^: ''^'T'^' ^'"^ t»'e common de,~ or If
bears, both black a. djlrizTtt^v f;i «''"?*'''" sheep cariboo, American ek an
animals of the zone are nni! er / n ext^Ht'-wPfr"''^ P"^^'''^^- . '^'''« f^^'hekrh";:
many jmrts of the provin.'e. Excellent ^Mn^ft trapper can maketrorxi Ma-es in
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
dogmas or creeds tausrht— uniform tevrhJ.li^o "^."rality inculcated-no reliL'ioiis
by the Provincial AimW^-S ^^^oof vS« t^^- "^''' 1"^^"' *^"nd voted even' ye
Education, who visits and in^spects^ODisSiV^Thf 'T^^^^^ Superititendent uI
5 and lo years-tho people cCselSry year fmu^i^ ^^''^
Irustees or six in cities, to manage schSslttmnl^ « °"^'- "'eniselves three School
• -rrustees get money from "pKc SohSrFfnd^^ '^"'^ '" .**'« «'eotion of Trustees
">tendent of Ed ucation-^Teachers three ^ifi' " ^PPl'cation endoraed by SuSr-
-must have certiiicates of S[fic«Hnn ^'^^«f^^P^P°'''**'^^ o"" amoved by Trust^e\
The settler will well kno^w how to °stimTe It "«P^^"^^"t of Edtication. *'''
There ara excellent Hhdi Schools at V?nf- '•apabihtie^ of this school svstem
^ There are verv frood el'n rrh r"^ f y^'"'"'^' ^"'^ N«^' Westminf,tPr.
for i;';.^T«*°^"«- AnedS^nrfitting\l;"^^ «e'^e«. in several
f^.H;oth boys and girls at y^^ritS^^^Sli^ ^Si^^X:"^^^
Rsti
There
foriiKMl. 1
now settlei
Tlas ahvay.'
riirriiil out.
necessitatO(
(Cahfornia)
"hours in I
" on this sic
The po]
capital city,
east of Van(
brick buildi
liy the citiei
land. New \
|)rivate resic
on the righ
may l)e sai<
There are ii
Churcht
f)ver ;5() cler
men, distrili
by I'O cler^
Keforined E
in the pro\
British and
In Victf
the St. Josei:
Nanaiino, N(
The Indi
seal hunting,
The peof
" Municipalit
manage all k
torn Atlantic
oCiIk* HiuiK.
West, but it
ogi'tlier, are
iiinii, ff'iznn,
loiibt ox lets
!io('ann<liau
loiiir, wliif^h
at numl)ors.
OS ill jrrt'iir.
T whale oil.
lilt known
and i.s [n'o-
t uhiiiiilint
sen kno\N n,
oily, 8oiii(<
<perinient.s
SllCCO.S.sflll.
iiiic lisli is
iiska.
r iinj)orti>il
■on imdor-
iitHxluced.
tlio coasts
imeruially.
n haa Ids
of ).'rouae,
eer; or, if
elk, anii
;r-liearln<:
wajres in
lakes, as
, may bt-
inction of
religions
Dry year
rident of
between
e Sfihoo;
Tnistep-
y SufXT-
rrustei\-
system.
several
btained
sonablo
•^1
EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS.
FHti.nat.Ml value of srlu^.l sites jl„ «,,. no
"^- d((. bnildiiiKH and furniture 84 34a ()0
Total valuation of school pro|)erty $104 (X»4 no
fomPr'Tr'T"''' "^ "■'?'", '"'"'■''■'^ '!' *''« j.rovinco-sevoral ..th.-rs will soon be^
S::^'seuieuu;n;:;.:^';:^sr.^:""" '^"^"•"•^'' w^.in.nes.to ....t ti. demands ,;tf::
ADM I MSTKATIO.V OF JUSTK E
TIas always hoen wholesome. Mfo, limb, and pro,«rtv are secured by iust laws nrll
mm., I on. The lar^'e influx lately of railway workinenof all n tTonalfti es 1 as uR'r Iv
IISS "Bldlelln' ':u^'"'' '■>; " ''Z /f'''"^'"""^ .'--table' The S.uI'^S^
t^aiilornu) amie in, says.—" It is well that our cit /(^ns should note that onr nei.r),.
■•or,Ki!lfj?t>itMS;,';:':''' """ " ■ ""'^ "■'" «■«» -■'■" »"»"'"" ^
POPULATION AND CITIES.
The population of th« i.rovinc,. is .about so,(«(i. It is b-.i,,.., rapidly inm-ised The-
(ap tal my, \ ictoria ^^'hu■U is pirtnres.,n..ly situated on u lovely uirUn h t esoutht
Sk1>ui In'r"^ ^'"'l "'r"' '\'*^"*' "''"^'>it''"t.«- It ha.s' (in., s.rew", stone ad
> icK ouiKiings, (hnrches, schools, and every conv.-nienee and reiiuircinent ix.ssessfvl
by the c.tios of other parts of Canada, or of England. The ..riuHp, ty < the m dn-
land, New VVostminstor, has nearly 4,0(.(), an.l has the same advaut^Us ir b, ine^^^^
private resi<lence with adifferent but e.juallv beautiful situa i.u on a Jent le^:^^^^
on the right bank of the Fra.sor K,,,,r,\bout 15 miles fr n tV immtl " T^
may be said of ^ana.mo, the thriving ,.oal port on the east c.,ast of WouvtrisHnd
1 here are many smaller towii.s and villagi.'.- in the province. 'i"iou\ tr island.
CIIUliCHES.
(/Imrches are numerous in the f)rovince, tlu're being two Catholic dioceses ^vitl.
over 3) clergymen, and three Episcopal (or Anglican) (ifoceses, wh about '^(W^^^
Wf-" •-'e'^^'.\»Hm, and the Presbyterian <'lmrch bv 10, in various districts The
:. VlTn ■ v'r'"^"Tf"'^ Ba,.tis.U-hurches, also, have been'recenlv ga i'^c?! f^^ work
HOSPITALS, ETC.
In Victoria tliere are tlnee hosj.itals, the Koyal Hospital, the French Hosi»ital and
5t, Joseph's Hospital, also an OrDh.ins' H,„n.> n.wi^^veral P™ "■'—-•' -
wpital.
'" ' "^ "'f 'I mere are iniee liosintals, the Koyal H.,Kpital, the
the bt, Joseph s Hospital, also an Orphans' H.jme, and several Benevolent" SoH^l^r
^ana..no, Ivew Westminster, Yale, Caribw., each has its hospi al t'ociaies.
INDIANS.
seal Sntdng! etc. '''^ ^^^-''^^^'^'"^' ^"<> "^« 'a'^'^'y emi.loyed in salmon fisheries and in
LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT.
The people ofa rural localitv with over 30 male residents ii.nv l.« f-.-^ i • *
;"r.7J" is; ^r °'"' "•"" "■"°"^' -"™™>v™ sr ,,'s uS,"n?ic.j
■i .
H^r
..ri
i
{;
32
GOVKRNMKNT.
parliament l.y thr.-o «mal m an.l h x' n^^h^^^^^^^ '" "H^'anaaia.,
Canada, ail KxiMutivo \.mS upi^.m o.l ,.y t ho (;<.v..rnor.<M,n„ral ..(
BRITISH ( OLUMBIA AS A SUMMER KKSUKT.
«enuus .oHtn.l ^li,iiau^ that s mi oafss^^^^^^ *""';■ ^y,'^'"" ''-"^ "'nits, an.l its
in this hand-book. It ,If s , I Honf ^^^^^^^^ /"'■^''^'; •'«t'*i'«d do8cri,,tion
alri'miv boon uttraotcMl tl it > n fi * • ^'""V*'}.'" ^f "' pl''a.snro sockors hav.>
••ontiiiont, 'I'ho inil,hi,>s,s „f t u^ -nZ n.ii ■ ^ 1""""/* «»"""'^'' ri'><«'rts on thr
many. NowKronl-amnv « /ij^ '''"'^''''> '''•^"' ^*'" '»« attia<'tivo t.,
Vli">l)or will find ail that 1, <^sioinr.u^^ ,h i'" ' t''» r'"""'^"'.^"' ""'^ ^'P""'
enovtho M'lronJH «f " '"^.> "i«iro in a conntiy which, in tho won a of His Exml-
"adviso von to cultix'itrtiro 'il't,^, H^^^ is glorious nionntams. I uonld stronjrh
"ma^Miifiauico of Srscouur^^^^ ""^ " ^''^' f"vi>llinK jmblic by the
provinces of
iiitcti'd with
■. iiiilitia uiiil
ill < 'iiliiiniiiii
liKCiiiiiuliiiii
IS. Its own
r-< it'tiiirai ol
y of twoiity-
i(f Ex(i(>iitiv«'
districts ft)i
s votdra.
•y of Britisli
lits, and its
description
H'liors luiv(!
and ai'i'oin-
sortH on the
.ttraetivt* to
<'anadian
and Alpine
His Excoi-
1 its forost-
ild .stronj;l\
blic by the
rlaud 18 for
;,.:ti
I
'll
jSiKfi ,i.'ji^