IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) h /. :/. /•A 1.0 I.I 11.25 us 2.2 I 40 2.0 18 R ill 1.6 Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 <^^ I^VS* ^«, et en conformity avac las conditions du contrat de fllmaga. Laa axamplairas originaux dont la couverture en papiar aat ImprimAa sont filmis an commencant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darni4ra paga qui comporta una ampreinte d'impraaaion ou d'illustration, soit par la second plat, aalon la eaa. Toua laa autras axamplairas originaux sont filmis an commandant par la pramiira paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraaaion ou d'illuatration at an tarminant par la darniira paga qui comporta una taila amprainta. Tha laat raeordad frama on aach mierofieha shall contain tha symbol — »> (moaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (moaning "END"), whiehavar appliaa. Un daa aymbolaa suivanta apparaltra sur la dornlAro imaga da chaqua microfiche, salon la eaa: la symbole -^ signifia 'A SUIVRE", la aymbola V signifia "FIN". Mapa. plataa. charts, ate., may ba filmad at diffarant raduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one cxpoeure ere filmed beginning in the upper left hend corner, left to right end top to bottom, as many framea aa required. The following diegrems illustrate the method: Las cartea. planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvant Atre filmAa k das taux da reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul clich*. il est filmi A partir de I'angle supArieur geuche, de gauche i drolte, et de haut en bes, en prenent le nombre d'imeges n^csssaira. Las disgrammes suivants illustrent le mithode. 1 2 3 1— 22 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 & fiki I f^r' li lM UtI' > A ' JlJik. lt.H" ■(./ lid' ;, J," '''■ • K. r.«lrh.i-S5S " "■ P«rtC Hi. ^ """'• X * fc > / ff 10 12 IJ ft, fiapi/l V Chttlatta Laitt ■h. //.I I .,»V"" 5 % 1^ '■■■ -ijT /'" I ' ^";\% Jit 51° • Cott "ff r '-'i>m I, M '(>• /n'ii WiUlterj^l^' & a K COUNl K ~ "Irrr. ;m "■'list 11, p \ Smttf, ,. ..,|^-. !■» V '^^^Jl^ (>«•« «i«iilrn jf Kettt L \ Lak» ir^ \s-Mlah, ut. ;vv ,»,«»•'«• Jt Cblll Chj I^l«»* ;Yc''* M,L rtir^*- ' («-i j.1^ • '""'■nalnt I,. INDEX. To find any place on tlio mnp, draw a straight lino from tlio lettora on lUo si.lo to join u ■imiliir lino ilmwn from the uuniiTals on the lop. c. p«iw«' m I. Crmr.ToTi QV .TSl> Jlrock, Alexandria ' Anderson huf /*■ InA. villa, Aslicroft. llabiiio Villngo ., Hxrhervllie... Bulkleyllonse... taclio Creok CliemainHS Ctiitco C'hillinhack Clinton Conrix Cotl .■nwood Courchnn Deaso House Dog Creek i!iMnnro Knglish B'aclory.! Esqiilmnlt. ..O 11 ■ M U ■ ■■L L-) ..E Bl ..E 21) ■ E ai ...h 11) R 15 ](j Man! c. (■( igi rorl linbino I'ortOiilleotin.. I'ortCoiineliy . * v.ii IIIIUIIIU i'ortyillleot {■ort Coiinell tort Friiser. . ., 1400 Fort Ueorgo..., fortJumcs lort Wrangol.. rort Rupert Fort Shepliord. (Jranvillo Oreiit Slide .... Ilnrvcy Creek H.Il.Co. Fort : Uogun'a Landing Hope H. II. Co'a. Trading Pnii Indian Village .0 19 M.im!" r.iy . K 10 M, .1-11111 M IS O 12 .Moi.ilyville P '7 ..E 1« Jniinlllio M i4 ..R l-'i ^ascotin Viliage E 1,' ^k ■ li 30 Kew Weslmluiitcr.. IJ li; \^ ...I Irt Nicola Lake N LU ..E 32 Obelisk " '■■ . E ^S Oltanagan . S l.') Okanagan Mission ..E 31 "!'!,1J"" . .0 111 Old Fort ..D 31) 01,1 Fort .1) 1;) Old Village - C 17 I'l'iiiberton .li ];-, riiiclia . .1) M j'ort Moody L 7 rort Es.wington — n'QCOTSt) ? w" ' ^ *^ r»i.li« Pi. W I i -:■ II IJ ^''"""•.a /,J„ ; W«4, •■■ootkaI 20uO ■" "*' to 2S00 1 1, V VnaqulnnS r WVl. ~ - * 'V A'rtow — •'■■••I'"" ''^ '* £aoilante '*" «'.tvATEB fOMSf tgl:e Hutluu >unkut ^^^ I.ttkr ,(i' 19 2C V^rom Orwiiwicli ; H i :CAR1B0 ftrr: '^«. (ffu-naclj t^(CtMZa.le' t'M L'UTI.M) FORIiJt PUTit- K"'* .D 29 Taclio.... Ijldln-i E L_^ l^aiiding ^ „j 47> I'llliHwl ], ]r) Viplnrin u io ten!," VjVA-ic-': N 19 Wrlllnmon, Departure McPonold'sOilSprings..!.; .il „ . Hay .. .,0 u — ■■• ■ ,.E 32 ^"'o 19 R 15 S 15 M 21) .L 22 .Q 11 A 13 "«!" „•■ V l> 29 i,»'-'"° A 13 10 "tllacho I 20 laparntowoot (1 n idiK'r'8 Landing Q 17 Wto.launoCooho.. F 23 ""'ing £ 31 Van Winkle '. fe 19 AleLeod'i} Fort. B2° L . V«Me. li InUt" k.td '■■"• f -fnter. A" *'^'\ i J, J.' (ireei Loch Lake Lomonii Clinton ^on» 1^'' O .1 % ir Ciche Crfi-k BiJ f O [jllooet -v., \X1 "^^iT k%. ■•<'c^«A,„, Jr i.r. ^0* O i'«ljlK*. %« ■rHOuiWH.rH. V JIus/ii Ifprberl Mcktoa Z.. '"f"* "■ tT La^^ui'tH <% Pt. U I* Sprouts t. De$ertei «.»>«1 s;j^4t..7i) i t\irtutalij »< lliirlC44rvHln oKllrtlllil'l Antler l|, / "^-Z Wei *^> \W oHajHyiopi' I, ft 5 I V ». T"* lo*" r '•*« ill ■«. * 5 1 «XJ * \ — 1 " ■ i UPPER PORTION \ of \ BRITISH COLUMBIA'; Thutij^t L\ '11^ .,,1,;, - ■' . • ♦«.n«u»;* V .A> i% ■m>up I*^ -i.*t*,i, ^ A'luJ't Port F.-^lo|loQ .Nuuittro '^■'^,. C A Si BO 0^1 'V i JV-H'A* A J 4~^ Jauna 9^ Loch Hreen Lake IVanTHUU L ■>, I»«nd. V i'' .^ ■— \*rr). „ '+»'''• IL.iH.ri' niJ.llai. // ?f^5« -Uw/l.^ulsol. .„f.'' ' Swlth [, r7 \"^ E r *"'«»4n"i.t «. 'ii the East t though extenc Vancouve liecame a colo British Colum ' KH'ame one of I if its resource value, British West Americf important par in a speech in " Canada " interest, and " faction her c CANADA. PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA. INFOKMATION FOR Sl'/rTLEES. Britisli Coliuuhia (inchidiug Vancouver, Qiiwn Charlotte, and other islands alonp the coast I is tliat portion of Canada whi(-h look.s out on tlie Pacific Ocean. It is the only iMitish territory on the western, or Pacific Ocean aide of the North American continent. The principal other countries on the Pacific Ocean aide of the continent are tho American territories and states of Wasliinjrton, Oregon, and California. These are fine countries, hut each has its adviiiita;,'es and disadvantanea. Britisli Columbia, ni)oii the whc)le,is the Ijeatof these countries to settle in, for the followiiitr substantial rea- sons :— Taking the whole year round, or, taking a series of vears, the climate is more f ?' •? ■ ^'y'-'yible. The wheat, barley, and hoi)S of British Columbia beat those ot Lalnornia, and her root cinps beat those of Oregon. Her grass-fed beef and mutton are the best on the continent. British Columbia has more coal, and better coal, finer liarbours, superior lisii, sounder trees. Her mineral lands containini: precious metals ;ire very extensive. The public domain is sold cheaiily, the taxation is immonselv less, titles are more secure, the Government maintains free, unsectarian public schools, tlie laws are better carried out, tlie ixjople have as much mlitical freedom aa any l)eople can desire. BOUNDARIES. Tlie uo> adaries of British Columbia are as follow :— On the North tho parallel of (10 N.; on tae West the Pacilic Ocwan and the frontier of the United States territory < it Alaska ; on the South the parallel of 49° N. (the bouiidary of tho United States) ; and nil the East the Rocky Mountains and the meridian of 120° AV. Vancouver Island though extending southerly beyond tho 4'Jth parallel, is whoUv within the province. HISTOEY. Vancouver Island was constituted a colony in 1849. The groat mainland territory became a colony in 1858. The two colonies were united in IS^i, under the name of British Columbia, and so continued until the 20th July, 1871, at which date the colony I locame one of the provinces of Canada. From its tine climate, its harbours, the variety I it Its resources, its vast deposits of gold, coal, iron, and other minerals of economic value, British Columbia may be regarded as, in many respects, a duplicate in North- west America, of Great Britain and Ireland. The provinces must alwavs be a most uiiportant p.art of Canada. Governor-General the Earl of IXiffcrin said yu\ "-/^an^ " cominn.iity Hon-plnto wiU. British lovaltynnd pluck, wl.ilo it aHur.l.Ml l,ertl.t> uu-,n. It jnta nut ftvui POSITION ON THE GLORE. Alnrfh'w^Tf '''''• *''*^ Hituation of the province ia very iiniwrtant. North-Uent Aiuencaa.s(,roat Britain juts out from Euro{H.. *ri,o loinpara'tivc-lv favo,,,. tniV V ;:il.'*iLr*''' ''"^ •'"'""'' <'•""«.«"<» Australia. ti.e dire . il'm , f . S^^^^^^^^^^ ^''f'T'^' *''« «'^r "V'""'- *'■» "">'""«« fertile n.,-ion thruu.l, ft>e > ,. ^. n 1 '"■'(icliiulway reaches the .seaboard of Britisln '..hunbia-liukn, t el acific. Ocean to the system of the 8t. Lawren.^o navlKutio,. o.i the eus rnsi 1,' ,', P^nZr'""." * ""^'""''i^r''"' ^'^.'''^ «^«ren,ely favourable to the jrrowtW a wi l fnC o con„,,rce The ojhju ..« of the I'anama Canal, also, will have a nn rk, 'l influence, (oniinercially, on the future of tlie Xorf h-West of America. It is^ot imjMirtaii.'e to eousid.T tiie position of the i'roviiice with regard to il„. "fertiobeU-int^^^^^^^^^^^ ^'T !''?' '•"^"'"! "*' '''^' <'<,ntincuf known s,. tlemeS An, i,^v n y."' "^«'llt plauis, not admittinu either of cultivation or s, r- th^r^l,!;, p •i^'**'^'','^'''"'^.* Pa«8 through the Rocky M.mntaius, on the lin,- ,,) the Canadian Raihvay, is less than one-half that of the Union Pacitie TTn,-<.n'i"'"f'f'"''''"'!/'o''"'','>"' Of alt itudes of three trans-continental raihvav routes-th. £?rhnrv''"i '"'.•''"V®''" Fianc SCO as terminus; the Northern Pacific in rnitod Stat . pf^fin-'i?^"'*'"^'^""" '''"^'' ''^ ^''^^ '"'^^^ ^'f '-"^l^" Woi^^rior; and the Cana i „ T efoh;uin?/f'"'"r'''''"^"' "^''^''««'^ '" «ra.lient8 in favour' of the 081-^0,: e'^lrnS&S^rS^^n^'L'Ve^^ ^"'"^'" ^^^^^'""'^^'^ '" "- ~^-"' -^' the ISS ft,S%Sr'^Jr ^''"V^K ^ail^'^y '!^ 'I 'throufrh' route between ixjrts „„ illLtrlfts L r^m^ri t'^i ^''''''•"'' ^'^^^ <-"«'"I'arative profile of altitu.les as above -iv,,,. Pn .Ifwfp -i J^einarkablo enKiueenng advantages which it possesses over the I'lii,. Tre no Wev^; T/« '^l'"'' f'^f""' ^" '"^ ''-'''^'^'^' ^"^ ^^^ ™or« favourable gradien, are not, now ever, tiie oiil v advantages. thattlmS^rnent'l!?i.T"*'°"'"^'' \^u question of distances, shows, beyou.l dispute, fv!fll- *• "i®"* *-'"? ^^ spanned by a much shorter line on Canadian soil than l.\ the existing railways through the United States. ' 3 363 miles S!lirfrTv''"w^'^''-'^*^ New York, by the Union Pacific Railwav. is Sr^teci^nroTto"^'^^ '' '' only 2,730, or «33 miles:,, „„ , p^y t'^« construction of the Canadian Pacific Railwav, even New York Boston are aXSnt.'"" ^ ^•■°"^"'* *''°°^ '«^ "" '^^^ '""*^« nearer the Pacific coLt than t}',.'! I' passlfemTU'r/wtfr .Vh*?'"" .Pacific Railway, the Canadian line will shorten tl.,. passage IromLnerpoo to China, indirect distance, more than 1,000 ■ iles th« fOni'?" "'«.''«'"arkable engineering advantages which appear i^ obtainable on the Cana. ban Line, and the very great reduction in mileage above rfoi jr ed to are take into consideration. It is evident that the Canadian PacKanwTy,LeSer^gi^,. deX. i '"" *"' t !^".rough traffic between the two oceans, will i^ssesl in a very 1 ' degree the essential elements for success." ia>ciyiii_n Impiriannteres? '^^" "'^* """ Canadian Pacific Railway has not only Canadian but worthy o7'Z« !ll^f^fi^°?'^^"r""T*'""«Slt^® Canadian Pacific Railway.it is T i^,„fll 7."'/^ *' "L*^® distance from Japan, China or the Pacific Coast Kenerallv t(i PrcmrRafll'.T T.*? ''^^ "^^'fr!^'' ^V the Canadian Pacific tharby t"ie Ui^i,!,, «t^i5 RaihNay. In reference to this point. Professor Maury, U.S.. writes:— " The 4aDantoM^'^^-^'''=°"^'''"^^\^"^/"*«^*y «'^« of «'« ^o^ from Sina an'i « pfacrwonld^I.XT^'' complete y that a trading vessel under canvas to the latter " a f return oa^^r^lxv^^nw^ T^^f '^ ^''" Y^ ^'^''''^ ^'"^ Vancouver Island-so that " besides lf«^«^^ ^'^ naturally come there in order to save two or three weeks, advSaL ermiv«^Pnf f^f'^t* " T!*' ^°^1^«^' ^ ^^«"ly Understood that this advantage, equivalent to the distance between Vancouver Island and San Francisco, vi/,. almut 7l liy the Caiin Tliese vi heightened 1 Canadian Pj a striking i Mngland, in " The pc an an index : tint enough t qiiulity, choa ait! extensivt the Californii ■ (iiality. Ta^ ciia.Tit an* fori lin' a time at New fciuiith ' (ii'lK'nds mail III be cheaijly iviiKived by t lias tho (^hea| of good quali tiiofast. * it IS Hot New I'osition that \'anciiii\('r, ji Inim EurujH'.' The prcj) nation of the IcjKisits of B another chapt '.'vidence of 1) its last .sessioi United States steam purposi ir AV'ellington Territorv, U.! i>iablo(Califo authority of ; dcrance 'ment Tho simp making steam considered, as curves, tho sli instead of the sidcred in con of the contine tioiis of coma near future, e between the ( These are fact There is s Columbia, nai wealth and po America and t sJKjwn in tlie i the two last A' to reach the . I'Vancisco and hy the openin the immense i I'l'tlie iiifiiii- M'ilir jilltl till llts out fmiii ivi'lyfavniii- uotiun of iliM .'i(jn tliniiijli bill — liiikiiij isturu siilc ..i of a widciy 'o a niarkcil 'Kurd fo till. K) Canailiiiii own as til. ation or .-s t- tlie liin- n| routes — tlir uited Stalin o Canadian last-nauic i. nection, aiv m ports (.11 bovo ;rivi'ii. r tlio Unii'M le gradient- lid disjniti', oil than Ly Railway, is 33 miles in irk, Bosto/i. t than tlii'v ihorten tlu' ainable on 3 aretakon tering iniu . very liiiih ladian but Iway, it is snerally to the Union 38 :— "Tilt' ^hina and ) the latter i— so thai ree weeks, that this Francisco, liz., al)out , .. iv tiie Canadian rontt 8 9 independent of an. I in addition to.th ■ "iven alK)ve. Having of (Ii^('(■tdiatan^e ^>^^Ji^^^iWiX^:i/Sl^^^^ :r''f "" *« '>-—- -- very nn,.h Canadian I'a. ili.. (.oa..t'and t ,« Jains Crj^^^^^^^^^ '// "npor.nnt ston-.s of (oar on tlu> ;. striking .nannor bv Sir ("mrC J 1^",,^^ ^ Mounta.ns. This is pnt in i:ngland,1nhis)...okentitled''^;"u.';'^S^ «i; ItlrK^sslf^H •- '' "'^ '''•°"" "' not enough to know where ,oaL ^ 1 I if VT''!"-" "** J''** '''''^'^ ' '>"^ *♦• '« quality, <.heapn..s. of labour amrfaei lUv o^t In ort '' n cLif..*^ T V" V-'" •''"T^' a..,K.nds n.ainlv on\hoa. . n . >/, | • i , tlT'.'!, r " "■^'^''''.'^'^^ 'i"^' "'"«t powerful lo 1)0 .hcai^lv raised. The dear Js of , , l , "T '^"^"lf';\'vV!y I">«so«8, «o situated as luis the eheaiM-st labour, and u, o Tsis at' V i^.'.. I'n'""'''.""* ^'^ '^"""' ^^'^^«« of.^oml quality for uuinufa.^tur ng p mosos akhon h^^^ " ui.undantBt.,re8 of coal too fast. * * * TheffitirJ niL^P T^^ it IS not :Vew Zealand, the te tr of tl o w^r r''!''" "'"'!' ' " i^fV^tobiy brilUant, but |««iti..nthatEndandlmtSontli Vt^S^ ^V'^' ^'" "'^'"''y ^'"' \;uie.,uver, jutting out into the fVC.fV m 1 ■ ' ^''^«'"»» country such as .Japan or ironi Jmuo,;.." ^ '^■"''" ^"'"^ -^'^"^ '"• ^'•o'" ^^mwifa, Jis England juts out nati,3I ol^h!;'nlS^^tllKl^.";S' r""-^'"^ t« Sir ^'arles, is to make the great sits of Brltisl^(■;,^!n':l!lf'!::^?;".l•'^!:'''"•'^ '^' '.^» ^.^^^t'ed l>y the fact of the a,al ^ .....,,, .jtatco lu iiBi uiiaiii wriat coal on tlie a Territory.S^S. coal, to Sx of C^.^ ^ a)ni^ "*,^,""'« ( Wash.ngton l>iablo(California) coal. Thssun•- ina, Japan, amHl"S;.lwHK!l«^T^ ''""'■"'. 'i""?' ^''"'' A''''''- Australia '■nnsi.l,,ri„«tl.. , e. oft u^ l.e amount of t ,u oxj^trtM is rc.narkahl... tV.luinhia in n^^r f, , ro t ' " ^.^ ''?"' V''''"' of ex,Kjrta from Hritisl, otherPr,.vin(t,sof C a , It "x'luH^ '*"'' 'f?.'* ''"»?" "^ «MH'rt« from tl:. tories. «^ana.l.u Jtux.uiuls tliat ol any of tlio udjawnt American terri- Eastern P^nMn^^sot•^ana^ ^'™!!''."' ''^'\ ^^''» ""I^Tts iW.m tl... ...«s^i;K;&SiBSB^^^^^ "^ MINERALS. an,l «le dairSld duSni^^^^^^^^^ ''^""r- .T"« -I-rion-o of minors, Govenunent,e8ShtlmefiZ,fpinff,r ^. "'? !-'eolog,cal of fleers of the Canadian gold, <.oal, silver ior.WtdS '" ^"''''' Columbia- and the co8t of labour anl^upp es 1™^^^^^^^ si If ?ak .'"firt""/'"-' '' T'''^^ ■"" province of the Dominiou of ( Liula an 1 .'l in! ! i. ^^^ I''**''*^ ^*^ "'® ™'»'"- in North Amerlciu «anaUa, and, ultimately, as second to no other countrs GOLD. ix, finr Pa" Tn7g^i:i Sr elisTL'Toffi^^^ latitude. The gol(l f(,ri a ion .kroner nf^^^^^^^ *'j''* ''''*''"!' through ten degrees „l andcldoritic,bCsl orgreenir^^^ country consists of a series of talcos. micaceous, and generally IwS '"^^'^*^' '^''"'^ occasionally beconi.. bearing shdes of SSI Xg^^^^^^^^^^^ to tt.0 gold-bearing rocks of Ca fornia and Soved to LTi^f if ''''*^f ^ corresponding connection with the disturbed r^oif lying wit oniieRLkrS^ '-PP^t^""' '" COAL. ThedlST:^^^S«fprj-TntX are found to be sunerior for all nrloH^oi ^^ ' ^^"^ouver Island bituminous coals Pan Franc ing very j L'ohnnbia. and indica It iso ("alifiirnia iniiMirts w iniportH liii they luivn at San l-'ra The p( A test find the be ijiiantitv ol IT'S, of ('V)O I>rov lar^ro i.w.r.:aso nf',1,., ,.,;al ,ra.l.« of fho province. a A toHt l)y tho War Di^purtni.Milof tl.o I'liitod States a^ air,., ,lv «(,/,.,! i.,*^, i V find tl.o l...st Ht.ian.-raiRini ,-oal on tho I'acili,- .4iHt hIu\ o ?l ' .f ^ .^^^ " ordor to ..antjt,; of stoatn, it to..k1,S„„ ft,s. of Va.u.-mvor i'lilt ^ I , f ,1:;^;^;^ -^ ^^l^o^ IRON. STLVKR. IjrttHer, and a ri.ai si ver ore has l,een bron^d.t from U.erry Cn "k a trihntarv nf t OTHER :minj:kals. MINING LAWS. Free Mixers. " fJl ^^'^ °?/"^'^ '! ?"'y can have right or interest in mining chiims or ditches A free mmer " must be over 16 years of age. His ,'50'> q.nH rt\.rr\rr.rA^i "^o -{\\ t- h •. -. is thr^e days after locatioiVifwTtS ton miKf'otti^^-ot aSdTtbS?^!' t/^^r^y additional ten miles, or fraction thereof. In very remote nlacps minor« o..I,^mPi n meeting, may . make .valid rules l^mporarilj^ SX of\S7'o7^nni interests must be m writing and register^ FrL miners Lly hold kn^ nunXr of •■^'•^f' -iH iw 'if I ■ 6 marCc^flSvri'n'"* ""^^^I" ^'^' rt^™P*'°"' «'^^*^Pt '" '^^rtain oases. f!laims istiiateNery lul claim or fuir interest must be worked either by owner or aL'ent A Iree Tn,n..r can, ,y record, get a fair share of water necessarv to work claim A daim NATUKE AND SIZE OF OKDINARY MINING CLAIMS. Si/.es^lre"' 'inr dlL'in.J^"' fn.!*"}- T ^f^^l^.^^ ^nd must be staked by post or trae. oi/,es are, oar Uigfrinfi.s, 100 Icet wide at liif,'h-\vatcr mark, and tlieiice nxtpud intr, no Z'Z ""^ '^'' ^''''''* 7'^^"'. ^^'f- " ^^'y Ji«»'"^«« " 100 f<^'Ot s< are "Creek daims" 100 feet loiio; measured in the direction of tliS general coun^e of the stro'im an 1 «h«ll extend in width from base to base of the hill or bend on el5 side but when thl DISCOVEREUS- CLAIMS. ToamHv'nfnf'-f 300 feet in len. i JO a party of two discoverers liOO ,] . lo a party of three discoverers 800 do lo a party of four discoverers '. looo do' "'t^Si^'SoldJ^"^^^ '^^^^""'^ ^""^'"' -"'^-. a claim of discovered n the vi fn ?J^?'} previously worked at a ditterent level; and dry diZ-in 's cJ.!^:!Z'I^Z:tZS^ ^'^^'^^ ^-^"^ ^«* - --^^^ «>d« «^ ^^e ^ntr. of the LEAVE OF ABSENCE. On discovery of new lode or vein containing minerals, (i months Under other conditions Gold ( 'ommissioner has option. MINERAL CLAIMS. Crown grai sentation a Genera may be- The pn dred dollar the claim, t obtained a^ the location I'ato imnied An anil is payable o Leases < general be greater than In dry t In l)ar d In bar c high-i The regi inay be state ditch or slui placetl horiz( half the qua with a const A twelvf may be gran for another v license is n()i Lands and V the said Lan^ The gene It occupies th western edge Rocky Moun I tread th over The Rod region of Cei rock. They c less nearly pa iireadth of ov < »(.ean have tl proceed nortli more diffuse, : are represents The surfa may be divid irregular belt 100 miles, up t continuation ' eastern side ol parallel to the one of the moi the western si [>re- hun- nix)n have 2SS!!i^::^i^2a^ZSS^ "^^ '^^"^ ^" *"« Government, in ll.u of re, ._ .nay'ir'"^ provision-s for ordinary mming claims apply to n.ineral daims as far as the claim, to the satisf^ct Zof a Go (^' W^^ ''"'" '" «^I^"'l«l annually u, ohtained aoertiflcate from t He t^M vl,, m °"T' iV"^ *'"'^' *''» o«'»'>- shall h the location of the claim an tlSftenT'L'! ^'j'^* «!'"''' ^^'^'''" '^ >'''«'- ^■'•«'" '■ate immediately after its fg^^^''^^^-''^^'^ •^""""•"J , and shah have recorded the certifi- is paj^r onllSlsISeJ^nir' "' ^'^^'"""^' '""'' ^^ '"^ ^^-' '^^ --y nnneral claim .enei^ri^^iSl^Trik^'trS'^;,;^-' '"'^^ '>^ '--''' '>"* -'1 ""t ia greater than- ^ "-"^ "'"'" ^' " >«'"«' "•• <<^r a .|uantity of j^n.und In dry di^'dnKs.ten acres; !n IJar :llSi;S'^Sfi/';;^;-r;;^7' '-^tl, alon« the hi^l.-water mark. hifrh-waTer mark '^'•'"^•'""•''l. """ nnle a.ul a half in len^nh alon;,' the '^^^y^S!(t:rt^^^^:^:^Z\^^^^^^^^ -r' not be .le,ailed,b«t it -ltd. or sluice head. No ;" crsho d / " t d /fn 'V';'; '"",*'! '^^' n.easured at the placed horizo.itally at the j. ace aT vhid. S,« In '"'l'*"'' • "" '''""'« '^^'■''1'* '^ '^ ♦''.juyh half the quantity that wil mss thro /d a o h ce f w'^^ ' ' ' *!"•' "',''' "^" ^^■'^*^''- '""'"« wnh a constant head of se^ln incEfc ^'"^^^IS^IT^lpl^rlZr '"' "''"' COAL I'KOSPECTIXG LICENSES. La,ids and Works. If" a 1 ce,.seo I les to ^^^fJlT *" ^J" ^,^'¥ t'o.nndssioner of the said Land Act at $2.50 per acl^ to purchase the coal lands, ho may do so under THE SURFACE OF THE PROVINCE. It o^i^i^'SiSs^::'::^'^^^^ SS^- -rr '^ '^r^^^' '- ^- -->- western edge of the great plain or pSeou^^^^^^^^ Pacific Ocean from the Rocky Mountains. The length of tirprSi^^^^^^^^ lymg t'ast of the breadth over 500 miles. Its area is ^fim ti .?f . ? i-n ^n.""'^'**' '""• the extreme The Rocky Mountains rise :d)n,;Hff • "'"/"* ¥'""0 S'J'>'i''e mdes. region of Central CanS!a Id I cZ \^l 'i^^^r^^^ ^'^ ^"-""^ t^'« J'"'^''^ "•• P™irie n.ck. They are comi«sed t oK 1 n l! . i ^"f ^\'»««t per;,en.li,.ular ^-alls of less nearly-parallel rLigt^, Si?4ti e^^^^^^^^^ '■"^'"' ^"i*- "f ^ ""'"'^"'- ^^ "'"re or breadth of over sixtv miles Tim r vert f IT% tli^^'t'o" a httle west of north, and a < )cean have their sour.-es ffuther back .mu. t thZ '"'" ,""*'«""'« «'iy and tho'Arctio proceed northward. BetweL the 51st indV>,f,'''T T^'''' "^ ^''« ^^««'^'e« «» ^^ more diffuse, but decrease rSclv in heiS till n.f tP' .^'' '"^" >;;"}*-'«« not only become are represented by con.paratfvely low hHls ' *''" ''"'''"'°* "'" ^^^^'t'*^ ^cean they .vernmei,t of Brili-I, <; mbia il i» CO onia undertaking Enu^rration is a m'atter that should te uSaken verv prudently, and with dear notions of what settling in a vonn^- countr- nnM- Lar^^ - 1 lie rough taslv- ..f iM.I»>.ri nil in..- ,.,..,. -i x... x- ,. - ^'i","".- '^y'l-jh moani. It IS only in the power of the Govemmcn't " t(j give go " to special "The pi " growth of " carried on " The n " liibourer, t '' the largo t " Any s ' to work w " are high ; ■' settler has " Country W( " long reiiia " scale musl " when the i " selves. "Them ' and the ne ' who consic " ments thai ' considerab • Jiritish Col ' feed itself. ' under the ( •■ year's rent ' thoroughly " Person ■ for the life '■ that of the '■ which Brit ' live to all " months. I " We eai ' lawyers. to its ■snv.it natnriil rcsonrcoa, tlie 8t arc men and money— the " labourer, the meehanie, the real farmer, dairv-nian, frnit-growor, or .stock-raiser and •' the large and small capitalist. " Any smart, active, cai>alile, sober man, witli onlv a littl(< money, but accustomed ' to work Mith his hands, is .sure to succeed in making a condbrtable home. Wages •are high; land, fixxl, and hoii.se materials an^ still relatively cheap. If such a • .settler has a strong heart himseli; and is blessed with a comnKm-sen.se wife n.sed to •country work, he may confidently look forward to becoming even rich. Jl(Mu\ed not •long remain in the condition of a labourer. This c(M-tainty of rising in the social "scale must stimulate the eiiiigiant. Many now avenues to success will be opened •' when the railways an; tinislied, and men should be here to di.scover these for them- " .selves. " The nionied man, who looks to the actual ixrowth of industries in llm ijrovinco ' and the new iiermaiKMit markets and industries which the railwavs will create and' • who considers the varied natural resources of tiio countrv, caniujt'fail to lind invo.st- *• ments that will imimiso good returns on cai>ital. I'arniers, or other ihu-m)hs with • considorablo means, will lind cither fillnge farming, or cattle or sh.Mm farming in Jiritisli ( olunibia an agreeable and proliiable occii])atioii. Tlu; country docs not yet ' leed itself. AVhy should a farmer in theold countrv continue to i)av rent, and icinaiu under the contrcl of a landlord, as a leaseholder or yearly lenaiit, when, with one • years rental, he ( an purchase aj)'irtially prepared farm with buildings on it. iii the • thoroughly British province of JJritish Columbia".' "Persons generally, especially fanners, with moderate means, who are qualified (or the lite of a settler in a new country, and are nnensv about their own future and f "at pV • '■"' c'"''l'"«"> »"cted earnings of their proti'ssion, and are ])rei>ared"to take their chances ' after arrival. Clerks, shopmen, or tlmse having no particular trade or calling, and ■ men not accustomed to work with their hands, if without means of their own, would 'probably meet with di.sapj.oinlniiint, and perhaps hanlshij). Tutors, governe8,ses, house-keepers, and women generally above the grade; of domestic servants, should I iiot go alone to the province, at pri>.sent, and they should not go at all, unless to join friends or relatives aide to maintain them for some. time, al'ler arrival. (Jo(k1 feinale " domestic servants are, however, miK'h in demand. " Tlie jaded uian of busiuew, or invalid, will tind that a visit to the. i)roviu(;e will brace him up. " The touri,st who can command sullicient means and leisure, mav well exciian"e ' for a time, the Ix^aten tracks of Kuropean travel for a tour of exploration and advoii- ' ture, where the world assumes a new and to some; minds not unattractive, phase In ' the magmlicent scenery of British Colmubiji the. lover of iiatunMvill see much to 'remind him of Switzerland ami the Rhine. TIk; naturalist and botani.st will lind • sjiecimens not known in Kuro]io. The geolo-ist will witii.iss a panorama to which I the old world preisents no pArallel. The sportsman will lind abundance of adventure, ' and game ol all kinds. In the i)rin(;ipal towns, travellers can have as u'ood a dinner ' as in Pari.s. " We invite emigrants from all nations, except China." tl- ^ i''f7. : Hi,- CONCIORNINII PASSAGE TO BRlTISii COLUMBIA. The first thing an intending emigrant should d iiome instructed after his arrival in Canada, is t( ), iis well Ijefore he starts from to b onsiilt the <}ov(»rnment Agents, who are )e careful ill giving information and ailvice. ( unlidence should not bt m':lM. uj^: ^M 10 tery of J)e,mrtment.)f Ajrr uUture (Xwa" n?l ■f'^i'-'lf »'*-'. »"« letters to the "Secro- addresaed as above are .K)st IVhr ^n l .If \fi • '? '^ " "''"'y^ *'"« attoiition. Letters stamps. '^""^^ »»•« I'o^t Iree, an.l may bo smiply dro])i«d in the post ollice without r.'j COST OF PASSAGE. (St'ii-iKcr TO Chanoe.) iVoJ!"X%£r;^?Uo^Alf^;.Si:J2"^ ^-S*-; takelhro„,h tickets) Pacific liailrokd, Las follows:- "f «teu.n.sl„p.s and the Uniou or Northern SS.;e.ii;:t;:;:v.;";;::::: :;•••• Ir^i^-SS |J^^ ;;«• f:\-\ 8teera.oorE,uigruu, ^ fi^tl^Hl^ ^J ore.;;?^!:^[r";:?;l>r;,;;;SS'^-,j^^^^ ^^v^^t' ^^^ ^^ ^'-'^'a-i. daily steamers now on t , s r ute for V c oria"^^ r""'r i '''"<" •^'^'^^' *"'^'' *'"' •'^f>'«"''i'' ten hours, inclu.ling all .sf.ppatres ' ' ' "^ '"'^'' ^''l''^ '^™ '"'^"'f »' "»>o"t abo^^'S; 'iS'l!;;;" !KSr ?kS"T f^^ ^^ ^^ i^""'"«« --- than the Cardiff/and Dublin, thev are'ttrhle le^s ' ^ ' ''*'^"''' ^*''''^'' ^''"''«t, Bristol, PaciSrSC. "LKer Ihftlfon'Kc^S *!" ^""f^'f l'"'^'' ^'^ *'- Northern direct to Portland, ()rp.:;r are abonm in »^.^ ''"«""^^- 'iU'roujri. lin,. and aflbrd j^assenl^er. as S a Sm ocH o^.""^. l'"''' "^ t'r\^"'-»''^'-n Pacilic Railroad, The ahove-uK^nti.;! ed"Xr.w^^^ h' /'^'^"•"n *V"'' ^'^ '"'^ ""'"'• ""«• Canadian J^acilic Rail av is eLh for S m l^- "^t'inally lessened as soon as the Steamers 1 aS l-UnciscJ^^^^^^^ ''''"'' '"F ^? *''*'"'>' '" *'»' «l"-i"S of 18,S(i. passage is, ..bin $20 (^1 2^^^ ^e^H^ (K^m'?^^' ^''^ ^'^^^^ -»-^«-' ' donSi^dSTp^ovKb^'^Tr^u^r^-''"'"'^^^ provi4--but the railway lares *''^ r'a;' ?^7^«^f -^ -•- -^^^^ -ilway^acros^ and^S:t;\;;:nu-isS!5r;ssft^,1,!^S-^' •" .^ch :::!;;,i^on the ranwav. taws."! mvV,/,/ are kujh. ' ^ '"^''^ "" ^^'"^ Steamers to \ ictoria. The charges , othe hng l)e obtained from any of the noiiiinfonTrlnu /, u „ n •; ? t>- "^'r" ••'''■t"i'''ites can will he found on the cover f tl s a m^.l^t T^^ Kingdom, a list of whon, from the .'ontinent of Euroii whoH S n i,^-^^^^ 7h be obtained by emigrants but is not applicable to those gin.'o Bri s . p. l 7i° ^r'^ al)ove-mentioned agents : 1] BOARD AM) L01)(HXa. Thoonliiiiiry advoi-tisod rate's in Vict(.ri.i in .,... i . i i i . , , evoryiuml), are as follows:- ^""tm m p«.l s.>.:<„„l-rlass hololn (meat at Board an.l Lxl^infr. Jj to $(1.^0 |20s. .o i^.is. Mn^^lisl.) ^x.r weok. Smtrl,. m,.,ils. 2.) (vnt.s (l». EukUhU ). l>i'>\H, i)() wnlH aiKl LT) conts (2.s. ami Is. KukMsIi). At l^^SnoS^tr^^,'^- ;;;;,-•-;•; '^;. H- J-.-or. ,1.0 ra... aro ahout .ho san.o. workmen's hoarding 1 usc^is $ '- 50 .or m h ' h' I'^'T^'^ •'';"!''' ^''"^ ••'^"'' '" *'"' the mainlan.l inferior. ' '"'''■ ^^"'"'^^ *^"^ l(xl«.ng,s are higher in OCKAN" TASSAap]. nnnJ;:;:;i^lSX{r "'llJiSdtlwlhr^ """^'"•'"^ '^'' '^""'""-^ <-^-" ino8t..row.Ie.l.,rh.sestL ^s lor • m 1, f. ^ ['ussongor, s.. that even in tlm wouldheiniiu-i<,ustotlm ZlHwrH/;?^ "" ov^''-:"-"Wtling, or sneh .Towding aH there is alw tvs a med eal ml 'n b , ,^ '""' '^ '^'"^'y "'M-l'li-'l, and .•on.iorts are i-mi-led! Tl 's ,^i f . ;r;i:e' nllT'r r" "';''''"''""=!'"' '/J'""'''*! insiKu:t(Mll,vo(li,.ors..f tlH> Inn«t, I o^.i^ V^^ V .• ""i^^ Kingdom are in all eas,^s pr..tii;:.;;Tiiri;ia;^s'!;ndi;Si;^;: 'li2;:i" -"^-;'/^'-';;t „roviHion. «. the or defraud them. ^'^•''"•-' '"'"' '"'^^'^^ l-onaltios are imp«o• poinh-.l out, that and families ot' 'ri S.'.ral^i^^^ *"' *"""''" '"""««'!«' WT^ants other lalH,urersa^^7lS^^^^^^ I'^^^nages are, however, alforded t„ CJovernment as^dstiM rmsU^ '""' iign.nilturists. The Canadian ordinary a.lvertise.irsXo:e.'S's^^^^ Th.'ir •' ''^ '' ^''' *'"'" '''^'^' «»' ^'^ thoste.,rage,an(l.l,,n(.tL,nirt u^^^^ 1 1h» aasisl.'.d ,,assagcs an, eonfin..! tf. tiori should i,o ma o"o anvlJov;, n K^^ "^ saloon passag<,. Applica- ratesof .fisted passag^-s and^ll^Su^t '^ ? IJ^^Sn the: "^''""''"^ *"" passSrii; ;:i;y~X.;::•;::-^;i£- m.•llKlesapleJltiflim.m?vof n i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "^^ nec(vssary utensils. The stoera-c* their own he is t S im^ • : ' ifV'"'','"!'^' ".'* «f':<'nige passengers nn.st provide passage is at 1' KsS mat^re^^ 1 '^^ ^'f i , ''^'"V «!''^'it,f;.r a-Hleerage !H1.; 1 (luan mu- ;M • J tin ..u/i % i . ' i I""",V'-' ^ '"^''^t't, JJs. (id.; 1 water can, siifJina 'M . 1 ' ' • P"^"' ""'• ^ ^^ash has n, id . ; 1 knile and fork (id • '> or all S^hi^Sm^i;?.^^?,^::;;^^--' "" '"""^ ^^ '^ n-ely.non.inal n.tli^on. son. f..ii pt" ?' All hS;;^! nS li:^:!™^^ infants in ..rms oin!" oh"r nvl S fi ' T! "^Z?^ y^'ar old are charged half-t.riee ; •special rates nuide^;r t em i the aiis & J;hildren, under the ocean adult ag(C have', medical comfort^. ' ^^ ''" ''" ^'^^"^"^^ ^" '^^ t'»««l''P'a doctor, and supplied with #''' . I f lt%kH :.-.■! DrKINc; THK PASS. \(tE. pr.nte.1 and ImiiR up i„ the steem^o Ha « , fi i i • f * ??• ^^'««« «"•« generally well-bohaved, and to kk p himsK' „ " Hull? '"^ ^J?' *" ^"f^ ^^^""^ «"* ' *« »'« and comfort, b„t to that Ko« around S m f W^^^l ! .iT/'"^^ *° ^"« ^^" ^""''th real cause of ('oniplaiiit durinu the ms^M h«\l!.,^^ I ^ luive any grievance or captain, who will natural vscokn ?,fvS/- "''"' "^ ''"".l^**' "''^^^ '^ known to tho forthatof lu-8«hipSl iL nplov.^ '''"".^•- ^''« «"•" interest as in this, tho immiL'r'int Mlw.nl?! ,-^f i • ^P' '"'^ ''®^«"" t''6''« «li""'cl be a failiiro diately'unou la\Kh^,^^vhile to "lllpli'/,'! S^''""^ ^" "'" Government A«ent imm"- of steamers ; a necessary pm-au i H^ '» tiie better class within a limitc• P^-enger should have plainly written thei^!jS/3%S:^-;;«-««^-|- the hold of tlK, steamship, but use on the voyage. Tl.es!^\e si:;'; MkeJ, byfiratdTak^^ T/'^ """^"^'^ ^°^ JSr\^S,^;t i^^.;^[;-'^^^S^^ where it is "checked ^o its d^i1«H^ "baggage car" of the railway train, article a little pitS of niVarwitlfr uniler^^^^ ^''"'■?.f ^"^''^ed to each' piece similarly ^unaberodirJh on fo^r« it, while a corresponding reached. Tlm^ralhv^ s th m f^mn4lo fo^ZS/v ^"1^' "V*'' ^"^ destin^iou is give it up until he shows 1 s " Kl '' Thii ..,5*'^^ .""^ ^"^ I'lggago, and will not convenience. '"''• ^^m custom has great safety as well as ^rJ^S^ Iha/^g:!^ ;^' «S s.^ J'^r^ by the Custom House otticer, tho immi- tho Continent r/a S n Fr^cis", ther^^^^^ *"""' T^ It *>« .^« ^'"''"^ t<^ ^^oss be bJias^s 1^ Kiri^i!T^:^^ii^f -^ ar^s^^^'^ ^"f^^^^-^^ spring, however, M^hen the Can-idion Pn <./*;-. .f- "°",V ? '"^^ ''® avoided. Next Pacific' Ocean, alhhktroV^blewm^^^^^^ '^'^'""^ ^"" be opened through to the WHAT TO TAKE. ourney to British Col mbhi and would Ulti ""* ^'^ "^"'"i *he carriagi on the us expense. Heavy sup iu^ mieM be sSt frf ;.^'T'' f ^?^ ^«^' ^^ t^o^^^l^ 'is well settler can buy wha^ ^^J^l^J^C^^^^^^^:^^ "-"' ^"^^ - '^ It ma} A\'ith sterlii ling, value; Sterl id. ste Id. Is. £1 For sii cents. Foi sterling nui The ni( in single cc <'ourso Icga Tho D< North Ame of from §1 usci I in the The en: f- ling, values stated in dollars and cents.-— Sterling into Dollars and ('ml". S ct-s. id. sterling is ni Id. •' " (I OL' Is. " " l.'4- JEl " " 4 87 Dollarx " " 1 (» (i.l In British Columbia X\w Immze coin is not in circulation, though of m singlo cents, course legal. V P'? ^"™'"'"i'i «f (^''"ly-tl'ipaixT nioucy, also the pajK^r nionev of the Bank of British .\orth America and the Bank of British C.lumhia, pass freelv in the provincoin note's of from Ijl to $100. These are payable in gold, rnitod States used in the province. paiK'r money is not HOW TO sj:n]» M(»ni.:y to British Columbia. Tlie emigrant is not recommended to take. British coin to British Columbia. In Cireat Britiu,,, he should i)ay that portion of his monev not wanted on the passage to tlie lost Othce, ami get a money order for it i)avable in N'ictoria, or he mav nav his money eitlier to tbe Bank of British Cohiml^ia., hnndun (the lumkers for the Govern- ment of BntLsh Columbia), or the Bank of Briiisl, Nurtii America, Lon.loii, and get from the bank, in exchange for ids money, an order payable on demand from its branch bank in Victoria, British Columbia, for the equivalent of Ids money in dollars and cents. Tlu- i migrant, on paging kin monnj to the Bank, mwt mjn hix name on a separate piece qt paper, and ask the Bank to send the signature to their Brunch Bunk in Victoria, so that tlie person nlio applies for the money in Victoria may be known to he the proper person If ms IS neglected, the emigrant mag not he aide to get his money in Victoria readilif. u .^.-^ ' V 'I!^'*'* "'"-'^^ ''?''^'" ^'-""♦'^ '" Kngland, Scotlan.l and Ireland, the Bank of Hrit:sh JSorth America has its own brauciies in the Dominion of Canada, New York and San I- ranci.sco. The Ban k of Montreal is the agent of the Bank of British Colum- inli'xn f"" • ^'^^^' ■'"'''*^ ^'^' "^ "^" ^^"^'^'^ * ""liiml)ia has a brancli EATKS OF mSTAGK. The rate of 1. it«r jmstage is .3 cents (lid.) i)er half ounce, prepaid, between post otfaces in t anada. 1 he postage for letters between Canada and the United Kingdom is ft)r 2 c^l-nll a,l lu% ^^ '^'"^ ^'''"^ I'ctween (anada and tlie United Kingdom The newspai)er postage in Canada is merely nominal ; and tliere is a parcel, sample and book iwst, at a cheap rate, which ar(> found very useful. w t. fill". ^!-.t* ;••: MONKY ORDERS. Or iZ ni"^"*^^' '^^'^^\ system in operation is similar to that of England. All Money • )rj erOthces are authorized to draw on each other for anv sum ♦ip to one hundred rL V^r ' ^ ^"^, applicant may receive as many one hundre.l dollar orders as he may leijuire. An order for $4 is sent for 2 cents ; $10 for 5 cents aiul so on w 14 WAdES. II If w;tu _ . 1."^ ' ' ""v,<,».vjii «mj lam lur about 150 miles boat- bir eritis Collieries — CariHMitors and blacksruitb.s «o -^ * «.., -- LaboiiriM-s 9~ o\) to *.. ro jxd- day. Minors' eariiings(oontraVVworkj;!:.'.';:;;:;;;;::;.':;;;; 302^400 '' Fislieries — Fishermen ' r« r>^ HH, ., ,. 50 00 to (JO no imr mo. Other industries— Stoneontters. stonemasons, and liricklavers 4 oo tn -S (to ,.,. 1 Their lahourers " T l •' "" per dav. Plasterers .' J '•' ^" ^ "^' '" c^rpentereandjoiners..::::: :;;;;: :::::;::;;;:;::::;•• ^ooto 4 m •; Ship carpenters an.l .■aulkers * 2 oo n jUn ■; Cabinet-makers and upholsterers ' " * .In, .. Painters , .' Shoemakers.... 3 oO to 4 00 " Tailors 2 00 to S (lO •• Taiioresses ;!:: ii:; i:::::;; "i r^l^'v?!' " ■ Bakera (with board and ImlRinfr) ';;.■.■; .V." «. JJ " Butchers ((;utter.s ) 7 -? ix. , I"*^"' '""'■ Slaughterers ^5 00tol00 00 •• Cigarmakei-3 'o-n. . Boys as St rippers, etc., from .■.■::::;;■.■.::; ; S J^ t nil I*''''Y- Printers -' "K) to 5 00 per wk. Waggon-makers ...[l['.l'.[['.[:]::.'.'.: o -n T"^ na "^^ T^' Tinsmiths, plumbers and ga^fitters :::.:::::::.:'' 3 5?!" 1 m^'\'^^''- Machinists, moulders, pattern and boiler-makers and hlacksmiths ' ^ nn ^ . ,-« Longshoremen ^ "^ to 4 50 « Wooii-turners .... ^^ ''^"*s an hour. receives^ ,f. « Hn, ' • • ^^''O'^™'"' s."«'l' as one would emplov to di-or cut fire-wood ^^^^^^t^^^:^^^^:f^ - ^^^^y ^- to atten7tTi- month "^t'rwdCfff'^'^*^'^ month, are paid at wages from $20 to 0 a month witl. l>nnnl — - .. ;v;a:r: j;K;;ix-3l Si.!:KS,s:;,f; • " • FAMILY MARKET KEPORT. S7i .ents >^ roll ; White cSver^ .^'"1? ' ''^"'^ ''""' '" '''""*«= -^'''^^' ^'^^^ C"'- 25 ...^.'.^'r'""'"""^'^" '" ^^"^« ^ "•• : ^'->''- 25 conts ; Eastern Cream. 30 cents ; B.C.. E,Kis-Fresh Island, .37^ cents Irt d,)z. ; Puget Sound -V, cents toi(XMKAL-50 cents "p* sack of 10 tt.s. ' Oatmkai -62J cents If^ sack of 10 It.s. w^K";:SStf^1t?' '^^'- = ^'■'' ^ -''"^ ' «"i-r- ^-^^ -f '>••». cSf r ^ A. ; T^s^] ki^s!^;^ ^;^i.si^s ? dS^ ^a^ri^ IS c "r""'"'' ""'■"'• '' '^"*« ^ **•• ; C»"'^'^S«' 20 cents ; Oregon, IS cents ; Shoulders. ( t* lo r uu/>. omoKeii Merrrng, 12i cents . 1 C ANNKD Salmon-1 ft. tins, %) doz., $2. ■"" • Candied Fri-its— Lemon, 50 cents IJJ lb. ; IMixed 50 c(Mifs V tt, CURRANTS-Zante. 15 («) 16 cents ? ft. ' ^''^«"' ■""<^"t.s r tt.. nJ:!St^S:^'^ '^"^^"' ''* ''^'' ^ «'• ' ^■'^'-•' 2^ cents ; S.dtana. Valen..ia. and Fiir>c(.nt.s Tj* It). P».M'H.V(iix— 1,1 tt<., L'5 centH Sn.,T— locints^tt.. ' .. vSucKiMi I'i(iH-S2.r)0 r'V) $;{earl.. Dicks— liuno, fl.'j'i each. ( uicKioNH— $1 Or 75 ,.r,„(.s ,,acli. (,Hi.»H_'l'aino, L'5 ctmts Tt* tt.. ( „AL OiL-,*2 V tin ; %f cuse, ,*:5.7r). lr^-Si;^;|;?Vl<;r"= ••""•"■''' ^^^ cents If^ can. Oats— Ij cei.ts V m. Mii)i)M\(is— 1:; ceiitH >• tti. BiiAN_i cent T>^ 111. bo.omocloarerinS,ro,,,,rtiou tot ^ Lance fX^^^^ F.xlu.|t.on n„a,saarily tend to. OLOTlirj((J. ronj Eastern Canada, fr,.e ..f duty) i^ ontv rc^^^H n^^^^^^^ iMigland or CaiimUu ^'' ■ '""'"' ^'' "^ ^~ l^''^ ^''''t. more than in FUJLNITURK, HHDDING, AXD UPHOLSTEEY ^mt^'I^LlS::::^^'^^ ^^^^-^ an, made in the province at pries. Cliairs, from (iO cents to $1.25 each, &c. lables, $1.50 up. Extra dinner tables, from $8 up. Mattresses, from $1.50 up to $30, aocordini.' to cmalitv iiousrNG. {3->s to^S'Fli'lM'f '"\i "^°"« •'""««« plentiful, ^.i-s. to 4(is. Enghsii) {)er thousatm at the kiln. Bricks, at Victoria, cost $8 to $10' LUMBER. but i^us'tts^ssni^sr ^""'^ *^' "" "^~^ ^' --^ ^--' Pressed, tongued and grooved . . 22.00 IJressed on both sides 27.50 '- P^"" tbousand feet (each 12 inches t-eclar lumber , , 1 7 . 50 ! square and 1 inch thick I Cellar, dressed 50 00 ' Shingles, per thousand in number 3I00' At xVew W estminster, the present prices are less than the above. Tim «niT.a in portions of tlio country •I)', PKICKS OF FAKMIXti IMl'LFMKXTS, &. ., IN VKToUlA. ThraKliing MudiinoH ^-, , ^,f, Mowors ; \t^, , Hdf-Uinders ! i! .,1't* "' }}^/ rion-lis -'^^" -^t" iiarrowH ■..;.:■.:;:;:■■.■••; !■; " :^,'-' A\ u^rgons, complete, with box jind seat .' . .'. i fj, '' , t\ 1)0. with lm.is) ' ,. j, -,. , ^, ,,.,, Oats, do » j ._)J f'i t- 1 f,2.] Jiarlcy, rough, "f* fwt '..'.'.',".'. ". i 'I- 1 &t^Sea:•i^^:::"^ jjiiiif'^ Slip Butter, 1« ft 1 f4 r Cheese, Provincial, It! ft -° '" "" Eggs, fresh Island, %> dozen .■..■.■.■.".■■.;; 9^/7, .,- , Egg8,Oregon, do ;5 ^ -^'i- Peef, dressed. "P cwt t '^ Peef on foot, do. gross .'.'.'.'. '. '.".'.".'.'. a or. Sheep, " do. T.. . 7, :^ ^ Mutton, dre.ssed do ! ;■.' .' .' '. '. '. ! ! , o' ^l! ^^ '^ ■'''^' Lambs, each t (" 4 Ot") :# _i ii*Mi 18 lVs,n„ loot, .1, *f M)^'*inf)0 Veal, " do " •"' '■' ' •'">*» Hi> iluzcn . . llOOf" 1,-, (h» !)iickH,wii.i,Tt»,io/.eM.... .■;.;;;:; •.• ;••; '" " •■*•' Ducks, tiiin... ,|„. .. '"<''" ** "<• Tiirki.ys, ' ft. " "" <" 1-' tXI Turk,.y,s. livo ' ,|o :.■;: -/l' t'wso, euch 1 1 ('I 20 1 W) i'l. ',\ m CLTMATK. trictH. is luu.'h mum t, ,ni„ , d tl rm , n,;. "" V't""' t'"' •■''!"'i"> <'t paiiinihir di.s- dim'ti.;i. of tluM.rii oip'd X^^^ tlm .■wintry and also il... north and .sonlh is indrawn. I*"""l''^' ^-^''^'^-'n tl.o .-rovmc,., np wind, warn, air from tho soutj. low ^n:''^^^:^t^^f^^}r^ P-vin..o may ho nanu-d .« ..,. vuriety-that ..f the (\.Jt- ]/, ,o , ,1,1 li ^""'""'-/""l t''^' An^ti.-. The (irst ised l)y luxurianoo ..f vStat n u . si i . .f f' i"" '""'"T ''V.!!*"''"' ''^ '''''"•artor- nanu'ly, that of the «.. i h orn h^^ !'' ^""'^ ""■"""'• . "'^^^'"' ' variety, tun> a drvnoss <)f dim tt. .m.l?. w ,? ? I'7^""'o, presents a.s its m'.
  • mTil,,l il,o ,.|imat« as fol- 19 ;: livo west of tiu, muuMtuin;^ " V ; '^ /:':? i':u;i !:^:;' r: ""•'"^'''' i!>; ""^'* ^^ •"■ snnu, «,„all !lim.r,M..vs ,H,tw lu^^^iuZ:, " J. wS*;: n''"^:^ ''""" "V siiowy fH.aU.s „r U,,. ( )lym|.iau Vuii'»' in \, ^\«^stmltl^^t(•IMiiMtri(;t, is If.M.s jhmi, ^lirrl , ria; it UK.ro roHoiubloH llio wiutoi /ii thor'i, ,r( Inland. .A -* upun the wiml,, cmHt. Il,„ni unu,. or what ar fulld.l sovoroiii thi ; jurt (.t'thn v •short time n tho FnisiT river. ('(.mmonK- 8i, with()Ht lyii X conliMiKjuMly. Thocii; , at., uf the interior of the niainiu IKirtiono u, lan-rior plahuiti is, as has boon <".'ist. Iho a 1- in tho interior is drier ..win- u, Mioistnre Ix'ai n- south-westerly winds wind, c*.. .•hara.t..nsti,: .ast j.Iants ^riv,. ,,la,v j;ra■ • Houthern portion ,,f the Islan.l tn.rn the lean U'Titory. \-ain, the wint.^r of New ■'•nuer. than in the distri.'t n.-ar Vi.it,.- I ul. i'„' tfio east coast of Vancouver "lonu.ly in thia district severe winters, In most winters ice fornis for a' "«inM in January and g(K;s in March, mere particularlv of th.» soiifhorn ', \rry dilicrcnt from that of the le jm":ipitation from Iho {.rcvalent 'rs at fhes(! mountain rauj^'cs. Tho "r 40 mill's ali<.vo Yale, t,,. those ■Hs in Hi/A^ and Hcattctnd. 'I'hi* iiirse with the irre^riilar surface tthe coast, it may he described :r(. of the southern part of the I irntaterdillerence is ..bserved nd a still greater contrast when elimate <.l this ; ,ten..r part of the ].. .vin.^e varie- o» the country \, ,t m con.j.are.l -en. rally with H as a climate .,t ., tivmes. Th.. mean annual t,Mn in ,.ri.,r <1,1I,ms hwie from that ..f the „ast re-Wo,, H'tween the mean summ..r an.l wint r U»ni|K.mUu, thoextrenH.sof I, -at an.l .•ol.l are c.,n.parej on till plEu^;."-ly r'nlion^lrbuHrilnvf ''"•^ ^ theprovinceis most observable Mountains with m 4 I.h'u difi .1' / . iTdHli sn' I'T^ "f '^Ti^ '" "'" ^''""^y irre-ularities .,f th. surface in.l vlrv," . ;^lf w./V^^^^^iV '"■"' '""' '"'<'"«'«« '•aesiMl by iSvaHH sUu-k n-Kien . th. int^.rior ^ *" altitudes. It giv. ■ nso to tho celebrated bunch inteS^';iaie::;r,;;L 'hi"lS:d;tS'::::ji;ir'^;i>'^i-"^r ^"^"'^^-••>- '^''•' ^--^ <'..,i8t range iic lu.les h.- ('uriL „ ' 'tb r , n ';' '^'"■"''°- *"■"'" ^'"' ''"••'^>' ^" t''" still wann ox....pt at , reat ileiS; ^ t ho S^^^^ .'.oiintains. The summers are face, increases in ai .nut .7.1 i,.. f V,.V " ^^""''■•''■y. "ver much of th.; sur- mo^ snow, un.i the \ "^ari /.Il^gjir •^'''""*'' ''*^'''^'"^"^ "u.ro dense. There is AGRK ULTUIiAL AND PASTOKAT. ARK AS. VaNCOUVICU IsLAM). setti^i:^*;;r\h'^?'^r.Sr!^i;S':vf "1? ^''■'•', ^^ ^""•^- '^"« p--p^' tboclimato enj.,yablo a. Kura It^^T, ^^^^ r^-"" ''^«^-"li"^'ly fertile and i-omnarativelv low land a ySrmntw^^^^^^ 1'" ^TT^'^" '^ "^'^''^'n of thel^otofthemonntain.,,,SX^u^;n'aS^^^^ streams are bordere.!! !!i ,-4,>nH5 inKtantx-H for oses, at tho rate of $1 per acre, and the ttmernment ol the provinces will issue pre-emption records for KiO acres to each such wJ^lV '■"*•'"'' '.'f''"'*J; «>:'i^l'':ii'' are now employing (August 1885) nearly 4,000 n^en. Alore than .',5 miles outot the 7o an, ready for tracklaying, which is being viLrouroush r)rnsecuted. It is ex(«cted that the line will be completed for traffic ami opened about next muisumnior. Graving dock at Esqnimault, three miles from Victoria, one of the largest in the world, IS also approaching completion. About :5()0 men are steadilv employed on thi> NKW VVRSTMINSTFIi DISTRICT. ■fhe rich valley - ^'? t^'l-'^Hed for strength and rieh- "rowswd? °"'^^-''''^'' '^"^ realized with comparatively careless cultivation. Fruit 4 J P m [, TNTRRrOR OF MAIXLAND. rIvo^^W?wi?b'J™s''lTl r^ir^ '^^ '!'", ''^*'"'''^'' !^ ■'' '■o^l'i^'ition of lonj. narrow able alt Be T .^n, .hdn'f h ' ''^' -i"'' «'oP^^S,'-'>^'»K to mountains of consider- a Ini osS.' m • S^ nn^ ""■^'"'° ""'-''^ "'^ rolhn- lightly wooded hills, crossing aiiuitLrossing, maivc It a picturesque region river?frrt\'fe7)euches^o?''t^^^^^^^ '"'''""'"' T '*'' '"'''^ '""^ *'"'»■« ^o^^' ^^t^" ^^ck from the expensive sneriitfr f'^^^'J^ '''"-I "iimerous hills of all sizes rising above the opens 'lul so ft; an rt asTn ?:''' V^'f H'V'''^ ^i'^^''^' '°^"'g '-^Pi^arently the gravellv tl.^ T^c ir tree of hf rl lif ' '. ' ''•' *" '"terfero w th the free travel in all directions, is SiCi;^tXt^iSS |;S'Si^^^ ^"^~^- ^- coa«t rc-ion'ThelnleHo't^.^ 'IT''' ^''^^f ««4in»' i" the aggregatethe arableareas of the aslho so Ts • moined Vn^i t ^'''"'^■'i' f ''";"""*-' ^'•""^'"^ "^^ ^o 2,500 or 3,000 feet, so far tl'ecoas T e lin?.^^^^^ '""? been provoU to bo as fertile as the best on [' dti v' t on U rnltr fn 'i ^'"'"''^'''W^ ^o dry in the summer, that irrigation is necessarv. iommoiv of ..Txtir^^^^^ *'!? ''^"'^•^'^ ^"^^ terraces. ""The soils consist w"S f .m''i'"- Pl'iteim of British (^olumbia, there is an exten- sive l(.n\ country which, lrt)m the resemblance of much of it to parts of Scotland was t: 22 tl.e Isec],a.-o und other tributar e^'C soi is almnv/,,n r T'^' ""'^T' '" ^''» '^^^i" ^<' i .18 cl..anHl off, the climate mnvnt f "?-,?. .^/^^ ^ '"til i.uu'h of the timber occupied f„r these purpoLes ion V^^^^ ^'"'^ '■^«'"'' '« .lot hkelv'to b'. pass8i>eoies,but,clfieS- r^d to, andbluo^Toi^ '"■^' "^'^ «*" ^''^ ''""'•'- having a soutiiern asi^et. "' ' ^*'^^' l'^''i-Miio on the slopes ..f hills is a Sh!^Iio S:He£^r;;;:JiriS*;::"'^ thoprovh.., i„ its no..th-oast auKle, tho.e the elhnategoo,!; ^oil S^^U^n^ J^^^""'!^^ about 2,00.) leet above 'ho s^. leaco liiver eoujitry i„ KC'.UMUil with i m >t^ „n/l 1 /• '''^ ^'"^ <>'"«« «f tin that ro-ioii Ivinjr east of tl ] r t «i, /' '".Hlulating surface than the mrtion ul depressions Wi.hVn lo si. e an ? L ,^' 1'"^""' boundary. Tlu, vallevs\iro \i, level. The distric't is ol 'ato.^d s i r, e Vl' """\ '^ '^'^ '' '''"^''^y ^^''^'■"'''d terra with second growth m-o.x1 w eh imiuf. . ''V''? ''' "■""^''^''' *'"• tl>« ">ost part distriet ean be easily cli-e^, 'LlllTS'^^^S^i^^^^^^^ ^"^' «"-<-• '"'^ '-■•' <'f the .ay^;!:l-ffS{^t=rs;^ co^.s; hfoS ;;^!;!:::-, -,;i-r '{S^ thL 'Sxs^si^r^f SS will bo disposed of ,;..,;• e land ro-nhtions^-Vl' '''}.' ''■''''•^^'>' ^"' ^^ «'"'«»'"1 «"">' the. agent in the Provinee. nl^'..r^:ZlZ^lZ:^:i:^::^ through A GENERAL VIEW OF TIIK AGIircUr.TlIRAL KKSOUECES. Dn. Dawson's Evidknci:. othen;s:^^?S:i^^tSs''£i,r;s;?r""'^?'>^ ''=^^-« ^-- '-"-^-i - It 18 considered better to give t le vi nvs of r . wsn.f !'V ""'^«'-t^'»^'« "^ this subje,,, vinceJnc.,nnoctionwiththoGeolo i^lS Jvl;/ f^^^ ^''{^ '''"^'^'-"* "» tbat Pm- yi.irs-a length ot exiK.riJn",\ii,t/2'efsd,'^^^^ iniorniation we quote was iurnislR.bvtPi^r.n '"«/"t«"'^'^''»t observations. Tim Parliament. He said •-" jSi, V- i,? • F^"'<'«'"'\V ^"^ ^ <'oinmittee of the ( anadim parts agrieidtumhy bv tl o SnnS s ^,i'l"1"'''^''j;^''^"'«'' '"^"^ two very dis il region luis a clinmto-of extT, es Tn.l t « .S'" *'"' T^^ ''''"'^''- ^he interior region has a mild, e.-uable Sm' tc Hr til, r • ?'" l""'* '"^ '"^""y ^'"y- '1''"' <'«'^'s' throughcnitasamountainonsZu^vl It", tliT^''' ^^^ the whole surface, is eoniparati el v small I d nn """""^.r ''"""'''P '^""'' ^'"'"Pared to Br.t.sh CoIumbia,'as it nu^st 1^ rSne.Sen^ 1 • othe^ rT "■ ^''f * l>=is been estin.ateil cultivable The south.-rn part of he in eri' r of H -iJSsb'J '1''''"^ ""^^ ""'>' ^^ ^^^^^ ^^' ^^ Kivor,isthe district whieh has so ti • «H L J ! ' ^/''"^"'^ of the Frasn' cultiviilion is restricted as a r le to t o v £^1/ if ^"'^"* V" '^^''-i'^'-'t'Tally. Ti,,. throi.gh the surface of the phtSu u tlltr r.^n ' ''' T '^"^''^■' tr"ugh-like, And cut is necessary. This is h m. x^ I' ■""' '^" climate is so dry m summer that rri-ili,,,, running fr.,m tl, hi'her X H^x .'i'l ^'""'T^" '''^'""'"* ^•*' ^''^ "''-ul'er o f s n' ar.>, produced. Tl 'o hiS J 1 lat^u.x aro^"!t'^^^^ T\ "'"' ''"-^'"'' very'lhie or, ^ tho ia.a that «unnnor"frosl^s «.c , ''tI.^ h 1 .r 1',^""- \" *''^'''' '^'t''"''--'' "'' ' covered wth bunch .'rass '.ndw *i '"gh.^r plateaux, however, are lai-r(>;N ^iven the south of BriS'oSn h" s ch hnoo::r^ «to. ^-raising regions whiclM; n. area of gricnUnral lan.ls ove tho sou; those of the 10 {X)rtion ul 'ys are wido luled terraro lio nicst pait much of thd raoifieKail- ■Ills, ('anaihi t of ]jriti.-li ledneil soon, eiit through aut. JECj':s. nclii'atod in tliis Mibjod, n that Pr,,- art of seven tioiis. Tlio Canadian ery distiiK I, he iuterinr Tho Coast coii.sidereJ onipared t'. vantauo ut to be V(!ry estiniatcl a part of it the Frasi i' •ally. Tiic e, and out ; irri.iration uf sfreauis line crop-: itude, ail' I re lai-irei) liicli ha\ii , the meic 10 country th a ciiiii- i over tl '» ;ricultur,:l at .sohii- i' niav I ■ ^-•aMly utilised." "The cliaracler of the soil is almost uniformlv very fertile in tliese \alley.s. The climate in summer is very dry and warm. It is' one "of extremes • in winter the cold is considerable ; hut the cattle still winter out vorv v.ell, and live' all the year round on tho natural grasses." , FARMING AND (JRAZING CAPABILITIES. land: Being asked by Mr. Baker, M.P., to do,scribo the nature and extent of the farm s on tlie Fraser, Kootenay and Okanagan districts, Dr. Dawson said :— "1 do not know that any i)recig8 estimate has been made of the farming land about the estuary jf tho Frawr, but there is a great deal of tiat land there, partly prairie land which has to be dyked to prevent the overflows of tho river, and make it useful for agriculture In 1S77, Mr. Dewdney informed me that about 400,000 acres had already boon survey- .h1 into townshii)s, of which lie estimated about 230,000 as jirairie or lightly wooded lo this may be adde4 10,000 to 15,(K)0 acres, representing good land near the Frasei! 'etween Clullinohack and Hope. I included the Kootenay and Okanagan country in "'*""■"" There is a beautiful tract on Okanagan good is isily the general estimate for tho southern interior, ake, about the Mis.sion, which is already j^rettv thicklv settled, and has many goc farms, ihen, on the Spalhimsheen, between Okanagan and Shuswap Lake, there much hne land in a very wi.U^ valley, and irrigation here is not necessary. It is easi accessible by water from Kamlooiis." Dr. Dawson said in this connection that the farm and stock-raising capabilities of Uiese Localities had been very little develoiwl, owing to its being almost impossible to take produce to market, but all that would bo changed on the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. He added :— " 1 cannot sjxiak too highly of the grasses and grazing land ot the southern jiart of British Columbia. Thev are not excfVlIed if thev are even oiiualled by any grazing land I know." " He further explained that horse and cattle could be driven across the paescs of the mountains into the North- West Territory. With regard to the northern portions of the province. Dr. Dawson stated :— " In the northern i)art of the interior plateau, there is another extensive low countrv, which I have estimated the area of at about l,2:i0 sciuare miles. The soil of thi.s" is almost nnitormly good ; but, being to a great extent covered with trees, it cannot be utilised .so readily tor agricultural purp(jses, and it lies besides, off the proiwsed route of the railway, and is not likely to be o])ened up for some time- Still it is a country which I have every reason to believe will be eventually occupied by an agricultural population. It lies chiefly north of the 51st parallel, and west of the Fraser River in the basin of the iNechacco ami its tributaries. The coast region is, of course, not liable to any of those dilhculties of drought oroccasional summer frost, that some of thelii<'her regions 400,000 acres are well suited for agriculture; of this, only about 10,000 are cultiyated hut a great portion of the Hat country which is suitable for agricnltuie in Vancouver' IS very densely covered with forests, and, owing to the high price of labor at the resent time, and coinparati\oly small iiunil)er of people in the country, it is not yet ■on(iinically advantageous to clear these forests or bring these lands under cultiva- tion •' On tho (jueen Charlotte Islands there are some 700,000 acres of low land on the nortli-eaiit coast, a great part of whii'h luav eventually be brought under tilla-'e but It IS also covered densely with forests at jmsent, of very fine trees, and its immediate value is a timber producing region. "At the mouth of the Yrnmr River tiie flat land proh.ihlv amounts to more than ihe whole 111 the Island of Vancouver, and some of it is of 'very excellent quality. < .eiierailj' the soils of British Columbia, where they are cultivated at all, are exceed- ingly lertile, and the crops iirodnced on i\w mainland and on Vancouver Island am \f cumvation is vSd t tl>e rate above estimated, would bo 38,400,000 bushels '" ' ' ' not s^ Ilic emlv'innS ?'''^ '"""V??" ^'''''^^''' ^"i^»' ««''"«times occur in this region, wer. not hulliciontly ntdse to prevent tlio ripennii,' of Avheat and other trriins This ; ,• no \\ah tni rt, was not more lavourablo than nsua ; on the wmtrarv he said it wm ■„, unusijally severe season, but yet the frost did not affect the wSUn f He !*i 1^ • ,.I.'::""':..^^,.^.'i'.*:"*:"',«!'^'^'^"«'«-'f ^y^'^-'it from the Hudson's Bar Post. In fm^'.Vl,,. •ount 1 harvest, which delayed the ri}>enin!:r of tl He further stated that •'wlieat ti 10 ixrain. . jjeri \-et weatlier just before iriv(!s at L(^s.ser Slave Lake P 'ost. Isawbarkn tEAr iltural land" il with force i aro a^-Miii li iDoridiaii intaiii.s, anil Mountains, line, and i.-, iv miles." ■ iiicli I ani parallel ol ^inA' 31,5."),S irated from la.sca. The little more roHomliies intorveiunu Koil, owini;, idoneed by Ktuieral the rable iirea^ reus airgro- :iirio, t-outh V scuitterod ms, and is ever seen, ir, and lo^\ most part ^rtliis ar(!ji pt^r cent, rea (.)f the • in part to I'ause til at tural land f tlio r)7tli Bre inysell tlio re^doii a measnre ise of esti- lie acre, it e wlioleol jiart of it te, it is as itiro wheat 11 asotht'i that over f only the « yield, at i?ion, Avere This lie 1 in whieli it wa.s ail ad(!!'d : 1 fact, the nst before awbarle\ 25 ripe, with fine heads, jjrown by the TVoe Indians at StufKoon Lake, on the plateau, and at Fort St. John, further ui) the I'oaco Rivor and considerably nearer the moinitains . barley and oats are known to have been r\[Hi on Aunnut 12th in 187'), thonu'h at Iho >;iine place in 1H7'.» wheat was a failure. Fort St. John is near the wi^.stern edtrt! of tlie ountry 1 eonsiderofa'.'ricultural value. Of (nurse, it is very desirable to have further ■xperiments in a few chostui localities — chosen as being the most unfavouralde — to.show the best and worst that can be said of the country." The very great importance of the facts statedby Dr. Dawson can ,«an(*ly be over- •stinuded in relation to the trade and settlement both of IJritish ( 'ohimhiaan'd those of the Dominion at large The evidence of Prof. ^Vlacoun, the botaiust of the racitie Railway survey, is pre- insely to the same eft'ect as that of Dr. Dawson with regard to the agricultural capabili- ties of British Columbia, if his testimony bo not, in fact, even warmer in its estimation. Ho says, "I consider nearly all the Peace River section (including the portion in British Columbia) to be well suited for raising cereals of all kinds, and twothirds of it lit for w heat. The soil is as go(jd as in any part of JManitoba, and the climate if anv- thing milder," "All my observations tended to show that the whole Peace River country was just as ciipable of successful settlement as Manitoba. The soil seemed to bo richer— the country contains more wood — there are no saline mar'-dies or lakes— the water is all good — there are no summer frosts — the spring is just as early and the winter sets in no sooner." " ISritish Columbia is the garden of the Dominion." " The .soil in the valleys (of Rritish ( 'ohnnbia) is ulintj/x gooil." PROVINCIAL (if)VERNMKNT LANDS. (towu lanied, or unreserved, and unrecorded. Aliens may also record such surveyed or unsurveyed lands, on making a declara- tion of intention to become a I'ritish subject. The (juantity of land w hich may l)e ref;orded or pre-emi)tod is not to exceed 820 acres northward and eastward of the Cascade or Coast ^Mountains, or 100 ai'res in the rest of the province. No i)erson can hold more than one pre-emption claim afr«, time. Prior record or pre-emption of one claim, and all rights under it, are forfeited by subsequent record or pre-emption of another claim. Land recorded or pre-empteil cannot be transferred or conv(>ye I till after a Crown u'rant has been issued. Such land, until the Crown grant is i.ssued. is held by occupatinn. Such occupation must be a bona lide iKMsonal residence of tlie settler or homestead settler, or his family ir agent. Indians or Chinese cannot be agents, Tlie settler must enter into occupation of the land within thirty days after recording, and must continue to occupy it. Continuous absence for a longer jieriod than two montlis consecuti vely, of the settler or homestead settler, and his agent or family, is deemed cessation of occupation; but leave of absence may be granted not exceeding four months in any one year, inclusive of the two months' ab.«ence. Land ia considered abandoned if unoccupied for more than four months in the aggregate in one year, or for more than two months consecutively. If So abandoned, the laud becomes wasteland of the Cro\\n, without any (lancellu- 1 ion of the record. The fee on recording is two dollars. The settler may either have the land surveyed at his own instance, (subject to recti- fication of boundaries), or wait till the Chief CommissiontT causes it to be surveyed. After survey has been made, upon proof, by declaration in writing of himself and 1^: w h^ \f "i 26 PAYMENT FUR LAND AND CROWN GRANT. fo^'i'i^i:!i2:::r^^^^ paid m pre-emption,and each other instalm«nfv«orvT'f! ^^^"^ ('"""' date of record n, sion" ^^ xS:";/'?frp^ii;^ni;riir "^ 'r '''''^^'^*"« ^^-^ ^^^ - entitled thereto, a« he may di^n j^st ' f '"^''" '"•-■'' I-rovisiou for tho im;.n PRE-EMPTIONS FOR PARTNERSHIP PURR^SES. cades'ireadlp^^.trSl.S'::^^^^^^ landSi&y'^r^^HHS^ on .„ particular pre-emption partner, or his agent, need not reside on hi^ stea^|S^^:i;:;?;,S^^ hon.stead, if the hon.- two dollars and fifty cent! j'^r acK^ie wlfole^t^^^^ an.onntmg, ni the aggregate, t, MILITARY AND NAVAL SETTLERS. x>a\ai isettier« Aft, 18(.3.' This apphes only to the mainlau,! under the " Military and of British Columbia. Vacant s and not India IK^racrc. Sur liir ill lull at t The appli must give two ;iii(l ill any nc He must of and acting i The jirice fit the time of Tho (jiian Till- ])urchase i Landholde of iiiirocorded iai LANDS. .„., S^5;5iS;sl,l^t;,::i!S :zxLZfS: ^i™s:iir Sivjtss k! >:;f: SALE OF UNSUKVEYKI) J.AN'DS. Tho applicant to pnrrhaso lu.survcy.vl Cro^vn lands, aftor stakinL' mjstin.r A,- n.nst ^Mve two ,uontl,s' nc.tiro .,f his inte.Klcd ai.,.licatiou n thJunSuS^^ Jlo must also Juiye tho land survoyod al his own oxihuisc, l.y u survovor aimrovHd of and actm- under the instnirtions of tho fhiof (•.•.Mnlissiorn'r ''""''•"' .approved liio i)rice IS hvo dollars andjijt,, cmU \k'.t aero, to l)o i.aid asVolIows-— 10 ut cBnt «t tho tune of apphcat -on and 00 por cent, on eomplotion and a.-ceptam;. of survey Iho onantitv of land .nu^t bo not less than KJO acres, nor n or" than (i4() • res The purchase must be comi.k.ted within six months from date of aSc^tion "^^■ WATER KKillTS. Landholders may divert, for a-ricultnral or other j.urposos, the re.iuirtjd onantitv of unrec.rded and nna;.,.ropriate,l water Iron, tho n'atnral chanmT\^^ny^stroam ^l:i.l HOMESTEAD ACT. The farm and bnildinsrs, when registered, cannot be taken for debt incurred ..ft^r he registration; ,t is free from seizure up to a value not greater tS 2500 dol^^a^^^ (L.^00 Encrhsh); goods and chattcds are also free up to 500 dollars r£10(u'nii«M^ '« V'^Pe^fe^-tlr known. The large sa.^ - America cfiina 1 T ^nVh^*" ^^P'"''''•1''''■*''1y ^°'' ^''« '"'^'"'^^^^ of Australi? South wiof i ' .V""^' ''^*^' ^t will be sent by railway from the Columbia River to tlm Nnrt «m cI;f.X'"'Th'°P°? u-"'*v-'^>,'"'"'''''.!? »f »™iI«rnn«lilj.to the WhitePlnoof Ea-t- in tlie nefii for export River, iu t Pnlice I'Ut trees o] iini)aymeii half yearly transferal)l includecl la cents per tl _ Thewl digiousnur ijuantities ( halibut, sar exceeding ] I'ourses anc excellent ci while the perch, eels, ing oil, are Ahstrnct frt Total V Estima tioi Valuati Valuati Engai F S The fish Those of the ' Aor (iOO mill hist till the I they have b( to August, a: Tlie third, c iinmpback si from six to f winter, its w of tho settlor-, :3ri()r inijrlitlx tilt* province. n Pine), very :iivcr. Eiujh. w, very liir;:c, (', abonnd.s in pinr Ilnnlncl;, Pitch J'hll), ;i Isoiiift ; 4 feci o). Col mill )i:i Whitc-harkin sli or reddish lick. Ydh.i, shiiids. W,.- to Sliuswiii' hardwood ; 1 coast, up til ^;conliiu'dt.i ird, uiid of ;i. sj-'oodpolisli T, and aloii- nibia roo,ses &e are imf .«.,•.,. ltfn,l .. cut trees on Crown lands. A timber license may be mn tec fn'rloi'ii .?,.<•' V ' nn payment of $10 annually, and 15 centrf.^e^cli'tnle !x ' li lockWelk .fna^'d^^^ half year y. .No person ..an hohl more than one li.,.enso at tie sLiT ime an h' il , S trans erable Millowners cannot saw logs taken froni C fw.rian s ? n included lands leased at less than ten .enls an acre) until 1 ^In or , lues of wen v cents ix;r thousand feet board measure are paid.. *• FISHERIES. tng od.are n,:merous. The capture of the valuable fur^ealk all irijc'rtX^industiJ" MMrnet from. Offical return uf MatM^s rclnting to tlw Fi.lu:rk. of PrUi.h ColmM.r for the year 1883. Total value of yield, as per return list ^1 r.ni ii^; j'< fon previously supplied .' P... 4,885.000 00 Total $6,488,145 42 Valuation . ,f vessels engage% f 2,934 Shoremen..-. *^.... 9 isc Total "T^Q u> August, and are oS^^^ ^fiS^^L ^^^^ r':^^:^^^^-^^: In mnback s'Z'"^ '" ^"^'"'*' ^"'^'^Se seven pounds, and are an Lcdlent fis^ The rom^i^^T. f \ " '''""*'^ every second year, lasting from August till winter weighing trom six to fourteen pounds. The hookbill arrives in September and renvdm. till winter, Its weight ranges from twelve to forty-five pounds ^ * ^ ^;iv .■iMk^i^i .=»nlt Tl !in I j! rancrn of tlio North Parifiosalm "^oinco" ■' 80 ,r.n is wider than that of the W, . ,.., iH-.n ran^ie fn.in ( anfomia tr.Xr.rHl.'.'rn J7' "' "i® " ostnrn Atlantic 'vinnot I.O sai.i that tho Ha Oof ^a^^^^^ "'^: Nurth-\V..Ht. but it ha^/ l;^-;;!:;.! K«^^;- -;i 'i;;^-i:;;;-i-;;;y:' -in.o,, h„t fn,sh sai„.o„. tv...,., that this will frrow to an inin i tra f n o urer tlshL"'^ """' "" '^""^^t oxi.t.s i'm'HK! liiuhvav is tinislw.! ' ^''^'^ ^'"'' **» ^'o"> «« s^n as theCanudian ;;om:^'rS'^;;:;r^:iSnr''"lr:M:,f!;i'^^* t- - -^''^ '-•-« ion., .hi^h Farther north it is fatter. ^tisextVu 01^01 n;i il^''*"" /V .'''''>' '" ^''^'^^ ""mixers tK'"!^'."''" *■.'"■"-'■*: t''« oil and -^'••" '"■"' " '""'-''^ Z^.^'Zr'HHJr^^'^'^ «OMU, t,ih.H do whalS Oil. hm, (ish an, also .Iri.vi and 1 1^ 1 urn ^ t V ,fl ? ••"' ■'^' """■,""'•'« ^l" whalS oil. »"candlo-lish." Tlu» oil has Ihmm r/ttled and ox 'li '^' "'" ''"^^ "••»'»""t l«'owa 3unml .superior to coti-liver oil li.r u SUT ,nu.' rV • '"IT ^•^^''"^ "'"' '"^ I"'"- I British ( olunihia. "»eaicinal purposes. Ihis fish is most ahund mt The 111-!,-!.- /.,„! ., „ :._/• , « . OS ' nounced ini otthona'.i.., trihe, .'atdiinrMtfor its i nSn^^^ '*? ^'''■y <''t and oily, son.,: in «altn,^' the hluck rod and s.m.lhii to oaser'?n^rf>r /''"'''".' ^'l'^^ experiments In 187.S u few sha.l won- planted ii tJiS r . e .f^ Pi ''^ l^eonhi^ddysu,.,,..sstul. ocnastonally . aught in the Maters of I' ^'^^fS" ] Usl^^^ S^^^^ ""^' .^'V? ^'"" ««»' i'* . ,/'•» fjative oysters of the provine*, a -e s h ,t ti "'"'"l""- and Alaska, n theiall of 1883 is thriving.' Th r, v^tio of ti i ';'''^'V'""^'''" ''>'^'*"- '"'Port.'d tukenin our M'aters on a consider I. sde Tit / ' '..''' "" ""^'"''"^^ •'*'"" "'"'"'- Its food i.s .mueh the satno as h f ho'crais' whth" r^"*^' ''"'"'*' ^"^ intrc.luced. Of the provtnee, and the lobster, like the c^s^^^te^g^r ^S Z^LS^. HUNTING AND AxNGLING. choiS^;^rKS«^^S::.;;:'^ffi^^ Thesport^man has his prairie chiekens, nuails ducks sni ... nn i ^'"'T*' ' V'^''^ various kinds of -rouse t'o loves hard stK^-t th / mmnita o^t l^''''*'^: ''^'T'^' ^'"^ t»'e common de,~ or If bears, both black a. djlrizTtt^v f;i «''"?*'''" sheep cariboo, American ek an animals of the zone are nni! er / n ext^Ht'-wPfr"''^ P"^^'''^^- . '^'''« f^^'hekrh";: many jmrts of the provin.'e. Excellent ^Mn^ft trapper can maketrorxi Ma-es in PUBLIC SCHOOLS. dogmas or creeds tausrht— uniform tevrhJ.li^o "^."rality inculcated-no reliL'ioiis by the Provincial AimW^-S ^^^oof vS« t^^- "^''' 1"^^"' *^"nd voted even' ye Education, who visits and in^spects^ODisSiV^Thf 'T^^^^^ Superititendent uI 5 and lo years-tho people cCselSry year fmu^i^ ^^''^ Irustees or six in cities, to manage schSslttmnl^ « °"^'- "'eniselves three School • -rrustees get money from "pKc SohSrFfnd^^ '^"'^ '" .**'« «'eotion of Trustees ">tendent of Ed ucation-^Teachers three ^ifi' " ^PPl'cation endoraed by SuSr- -must have certiiicates of S[fic«Hnn ^'^^«f^^P^P°'''**'^^ o"" amoved by Trust^e\ The settler will well kno^w how to °stimTe It "«P^^"^^"t of Edtication. *''' There ara excellent Hhdi Schools at V?nf- '•apabihtie^ of this school svstem ^ There are verv frood el'n rrh r"^ f y^'"'"'^' ^"'^ N«^' Westminf,tPr. for i;';.^T«*°^"«- AnedS^nrfitting\l;"^^ «e'^e«. in several f^.H;oth boys and girls at y^^ritS^^^Sli^ ^Si^^X:"^^^ Rsti There foriiKMl. 1 now settlei Tlas ahvay.' riirriiil out. necessitatO( (Cahfornia) "hours in I " on this sic The po] capital city, east of Van( brick buildi liy the citiei land. New \ |)rivate resic on the righ may l)e sai< There are ii Churcht f)ver ;5() cler men, distrili by I'O cler^ Keforined E in the pro\ British and In Victf the St. Josei: Nanaiino, N( The Indi seal hunting, The peof " Municipalit manage all k torn Atlantic oCiIk* HiuiK. West, but it ogi'tlier, are iiinii, ff'iznn, loiibt ox lets !io('annil ■on imdor- iitHxluced. tlio coasts imeruially. n haa Ids of ).'rouae, eer; or, if elk, anii ;r-liearln<: wajres in lakes, as , may bt- inction of religions Dry year rident of between e Sfihoo; Tnistep- y SufXT- rrustei\- system. several btained sonablo •^1 EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS. FHti.nat.Ml value of srlu^.l sites jl„ «,,. no "^- d((. bnildiiiKH and furniture 84 34a ()0 Total valuation of school pro|)erty $104 (X»4 no fomPr'Tr'T"''' "^ "■'?'", '"'"'■''■'^ '!' *''« j.rovinco-sevoral ..th.-rs will soon be^ S::^'seuieuu;n;:;.:^';:^sr.^:""" '^"^"•"•^'' w^.in.nes.to ....t ti. demands ,;tf:: ADM I MSTKATIO.V OF JUSTK E TIas always hoen wholesome. Mfo, limb, and pro,«rtv are secured by iust laws nrll mm., I on. The lar^'e influx lately of railway workinenof all n tTonalfti es 1 as uR'r Iv IISS "Bldlelln' ':u^'"'' '■>; " ''Z /f'''"^'"""^ .'--table' The S.uI'^S^ t^aiilornu) amie in, says.—" It is well that our cit /(^ns should note that onr nei.r),. ■•or,Ki!lfj?t>itMS;,';:':''' """ " ■ ""'^ "■'" «■«» -■'■" »"»"'"" ^ POPULATION AND CITIES. The population of th« i.rovinc,. is .about so,(«(i. It is b-.i,,.., rapidly inm-ised The- (ap tal my, \ ictoria ^^'hu■U is pirtnres.,n..ly situated on u lovely uirUn h t esoutht Sk1>ui In'r"^ ^'"'l "'r"' '\'*^"*' "''"^'>it''"t.«- It ha.s' (in., s.rew", stone ad > icK ouiKiings, (hnrches, schools, and every conv.-nienee and reiiuircinent ix.ssessfvl by the c.tios of other parts of Canada, or of England. The ..riuHp, ty < the m dn- land, New VVostminstor, has nearly 4,0(.(), an.l has the same advaut^Us ir b, ine^^^^ private resi n.wi^^veral P™ "■'—-•' - wpital. '" ' "^ "'f 'I mere are iniee liosintals, the Koyal H.,Kpital, the the bt, Joseph s Hospital, also an Orphans' H.jme, and several Benevolent" SoH^l^r ^ana..no, Ivew Westminster, Yale, Caribw., each has its hospi al t'ociaies. INDIANS. seal Sntdng! etc. '''^ ^^^-''^^^'^'"^' ^"<> "^« 'a'^'^'y emi.loyed in salmon fisheries and in LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT. The people ofa rural localitv with over 30 male residents ii.nv l.« f-.-^ i • * ;"r.7J" is; ^r °'"' "•"" "■"°"^' -"™™>v™ sr ,,'s uS,"n?ic.j ■i . H^r ..ri i {; 32 GOVKRNMKNT. parliament l.y thr.-o «mal m an.l h x' n^^h^^^^^^^ '" "H^'anaaia., Canada, ail KxiMutivo \.mS upi^.m o.l ,.y t ho (;<.v..rnor. n fi * • ^'""V*'}.'" ^f "' pl''a.snro sockors hav.> ••ontiiiont, 'I'ho inil,hi,>s,s „f t u^ -nZ n.ii ■ ^ 1""""/* «»"""'^'' ri'><«'rts on thr many. NowKronl-amnv « /ij^ '''"'^''''> '''•^"' ^*'" '»« attia<'tivo t., Vli">l)or will find ail that 1, <^sioinr.u^^ ,h i'" ' t''» r'"""'^"'.^"' ""'^ ^'P""' enovtho M'lronJH «f " '"^.> "i«iro in a conntiy which, in tho won a of His Exml- "adviso von to cultix'itrtiro 'il't,^, H^^^ is glorious nionntams. I uonld stronjrh "ma^Miifiauico of Srscouur^^^^ ""^ " ^''^' f"vi>llinK jmblic by the provinces of iiitcti'd with ■. iiiilitia uiiil ill < 'iiliiiniiiii liKCiiiiiuliiiii IS. Its own r-< it'tiiirai ol y of twoiity- i(f Ex(i(>iitiv«' districts ft)i s votdra. •y of Britisli lits, and its description H'liors luiv(! and ai'i'oin- sortH on the .ttraetivt* to <'anadian and Alpine His Excoi- 1 its forost- ild .stronj;l\ blic by the rlaud 18 for ;,.:ti I 'll jSiKfi ,i.'ji^