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I2X

: ■ 1

1 .

•

PRACTICAL

AND

USEFUL INFORMATION

FOR INTENDING

EMIGRANTS.

WHERE TO EMIGRATE.

THE object of this Book is not so much to describe »
Colony as to give a few practical directions to those
who are about to emigrate, but as

CANADA

is at present receiving so much attention from aU classes in

this country, we may venture to combine with our useful

hints a ^ort outline of

THE NEAREST BRITISH COLONY.

The Dominion of Canada extends from the Atlantic to the PaciSo
Ocean. Ita area is 3,470,257 square miles, and according to the oeDsu*
taken in 1881 the population at that time numbered 4,324,810. Up to
the end of 1890 the inhabitants are estimated to have increased to about
5,000,000. It ix)S8esses thousands of sqviare miles of the finest forests
on the continent, widely spread coal fields, extensive and produotiv9
fisheries, and rivers and lakes that are among the largest and mxmii
remarkable in the world. The country is divided into eight provinoeH,
as follows : — 1, Nova Scotia, containing 20,907 square miles. 2, New
Brunswick, containing 27,174 square miles. 3, Prince Edward Ldand,
oontaining 2,133 square miles. 4, Quebec, containing 188,688 squar*
miles. 5, Ontario, containing 181,800 square miles. 6, Manitoba^
oontaimng 60,520 square miles. 7, North-Weso Territories, uontainisf
2,247,730 square miles. 8, British Columbia, containing 341,305 square
miles.

The government of the country is administered by a representative r^
her Majesty, whose ofiScial title is Govemor-GeneraJ, and is condoctefi
on the English basis of the responsibility of the Ministers to the Hous*
of Commons, which is elected for a term of fiv« years. The franchis*
is pimotically extended to every householder.

With regard to social life in Canada, there ia a careful preservation
of those traditions which give the general features to English society,
but there is no feudal nobility in Canada ; almost every farmer and
agriculturist is the owner of his acres — he is his own master, and is free
to do as he wills. This sense and state of independence permeate the
whole social system, and produce a condition of freedom unknown in
older countries.

Religious liberty prevails and persons of all denominations will find
abundant facilities in the Dominion for the practice of their faith.
As regards Education, Canada was in the enjoyment of a well-
organised educational system long before School Boards were established
in England.

Agriculture forma the principal wealth of the Dominion at the
present time ; but it is taking a place as a manufacturing country, and
its growth in this respect is most remarkable. In the year 18*.)0 the
declared value of goods imported into Canada was 121,858,241 dols.,
Mid that of goods exported was 96,749,149 dols., making a total of
218,607,390 dols. The principal exports were : minea, 4,855,757 dola.;
fisheries, 8,461,906 dols. ; timber, &c., 26,179,136 dola. ; animals and
animal products, 26,106,905 dols. ; agriculture, 11,908,030 dols. ;
manufactures, 5,823,690 dols. The wonderful growth of the country's
resources will b6 seen when it is stated that in 1868 the imports were
73,459,644 dols. ; and the exports 57,567,888 dols.

In a country like the Dominion of Canada, extending northward from
the 42nd parallel of latitude, and east to west for 3,000 miles, the
climate is naturally variable ; but to speak generally, the siammers are
hotter than in England, and the winters colder. But neither the
summer heat nor the winter cold are disadvantageous to the inhabitants
or to the productiveness of the land. The warmth of the summer
months extends the range of production in grains from oats and barley
to wheat .and maize ; in fruits, from apples and pears to peaches, grapes,
melons, nectarines, and apricots i and in vegetables, from potatoes,
turnips, carrots, and cabbages, to the egg plant and tomatoes. The
winter temperature is at times much below zero ; but the air is so dry
and so exhilarating that its eflfeot upon the body is not nearly so great as
the winter in a more humid climate. To agriculture, snow and ice mean
protection to the land almost as valuable as a covering of manure.
They convert the surface of the earth into roads equal to turnpikes in
any. direction, over which millions of tons of produce of all kinds are
transported at a minimum cost, affording employment for men and'
horses when cultivation is arrested by the frost.

PEOPLE WHO SHOULD EMIGRATE.

For particular information on this point intending
emigrants are recommended to read carefully through the
different pamphlets, which can be obtained free of charge
from any of the Allan Line Agents, but the classes generally
most 8ucces;sful are

Persons with Capital.— For this dass Canada alTords unlimited
openings. They can engPi^e in agricnltural pursuits, taking up free
grant lands, or purchasiug the improved farms to be found in
advantageous positions in every province ; or in mining, or in the
manufacturing industries ; or, if possessed of a settled income, living
will be found to be much cheaper in Canada, with the benefit of a fine,
healthy climate, magnificent scenery, abundant opportunities for sport,
and facilities for education not to be excelled anywhere.

Tenant Farmers. — For Tenant Farmers the country offers many
advantages. Improved farms are cheap ; free grants can be obtained
by those prepared for the inoonvenienoes of pioneer life ; the soil is
fertile, the climate ensures the growth of all the crops produced in
Great Britain, while grapes, peaches, tomatoes and similar fruits grow
and ripen in the open air ; there is a large and growing market in the
Dominon and in the mother country for all the cereals, live stock, and
general farm and dairy produce available for disposal. On the other
hand, taxes are light, and labour-saving appliances cheap and in general
use.

Manitoba and the North -West Territories are especially adapted for
the settlement of small tenant farmers, having say from £200 to £400,
Such men, accustomed to farm work, would, by industry and thrift, be.
sure to be successful.

Male and Female J Farm Servants.— There is a large and growing
demand for male and female farm servants in every part of the
Dominion, owing to the rapidity with which land is being brought under
cultivation. Machinery of various kinds is in daily use, but labour is
very scarce notwithstanding, and good hands can always find constant
and remunerative employment. Many persons of this class who started
as labourers now have farms of their own in some of the finest parts of
the Dominion. This result, however, does not naturally follow in every
case, but is the consequence of hard work, energy, intelligence,
perseverance and thrift, which are the elements necessary to ensure
success in every country.

Market gardeners, gardeners, and persons understanding the care
of horses, cattle and sheep, may also be advised to go out.

Domestic Service for Females. — In every city, town and \'illage,
female domestic servants can readily find employment. The wages are
good, the conditions of service are not irksome, and comfortable homes
are assured. Domestic servants should go at once on their arrival to
the nearest Grovemment agent who will give the best and most reliable
advice gratis ; these officers often have in their offices a list ol vncant
situations ; and will refer applicants to the local ladies' committee, so
that they may have the benefit of such supervision and guidance until
they are satisfactorily placed. Servants should, however, take their
characters with them, and must bear in mind that good records are just
as indispensable in Canada m elsewhere. They may safely go out at
any time of the year and be certain of obtaining u situation at once,
but should remember always to have funds enough in hand on landing
to take them to the places in the interior where their services are
required.

General Labourers, Navvies, gkilled and unskilled ; for these
there is always a large and increusiug demand.

IVTechanics of various descriptions. The field for mechanics is not
BO unUmited an that for agricultural and other labourers, but those
who go out at the proper season, and are willing to take the first work
that offers, are sure to find good employment.

Canada offers great facilities for flax growers, dressers, spinners, &c^
but this industry requires to be developed.

THE TIME TO EMIGRATE.

The best time for the labouring classes (agridulturists and others),
to leave home is from the beginning of March, as they then arrive in
Canada at the commencement of the spring, when there i^ a greater
demand for them than at any other season of the y(^r. Female
Domestic Servants may go out any time, as they are always sure of
enipioymtiiit. Persons with capital may also go out at any time witb
the certainty of finding profitable investments for their money.

HOW TO CROSS THE ATLANTIC.

When the Emigrant has decided to make his home in Canada or the
United States, the first step is to find out the best way to get there.
The *' Allan " Royal Mail Line, with its regular sailings to Quebec,
Montreal, Halifax, Portland, Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and
Baltimore, affords exceptional facilities and a splendid choice of route,
and the Immigrant should go at onoe to the neaiest Agent of the
"Allan" Line and procure a passage ticket. This can be done by a
payment oi HI for each adult, and 10/- for each child. The balance to
be paid before the passengers embark ; or if desired the i)as8enger can
pay the full amount of fare when securing the berth. If the intending
passenger does not reside near an Agent, he should send a Post Office
Order to the Company's ofiice (made payable to Allan Brothers & Co.),
and state the name in full, age last birthday, the date of sailing, the-
class of barth required, and the destination. A ticket will then be sent
by return of post. It is always best for passengers to purchase their
tickets before leaving home, as by so doing they secure their bertlia
and are supplied with the address of a boarding-house Agent, authorised
by the Company, wiio will meet them on arrival at the port of
embarkation, provide board and lodging and attend to the shipment of
baggage, at fixed moderate charges, and take care of them, generally,
tmtil they are on board tlie ste&mer. The " Allan " Line gives very
careful attention to the treatment of emi(!rants whilst in Liverpool, and
the boarding-house keepers, who are recommended, are responsible to
the Company for the proper discharge of their functions.

The " Allan " Line is unrivalled in the Canadian trade, and tha
steamers are the largest and fastest on the route. The Line has been
much patronised by the Royal family. The Princess Loube crossed-
•everal times, and on a personal inspection of the steerage expressed
herself much pleased with the food and accommodation.

Strict discipline is maintained. All the officers have been many
years in the servioe, and consequently, are experienced and skilfiui
navi^tors.

The pasHage acrom the Atlantic to Quebec is the shortest, the »Terag»
voyage, land to laud, not being more than six days ; once within the
Straits of Bulle Inle ocean trayelling is over, the steamers then proceed-
ing through the Gulf and the ^autiful River St. Lawrence for
hundreds of miles to Quebec.

BEATING THE RECORD.

A Correspondent writing from Rimouski, August 24th, 1888, says :—
" Many quick passages have been recorded between Queenstown and
New York ; but the Allan Line Steamer ' Parisian '

has beaten the record so far as time between land and land is concerned.
After taking in the mails at Mc^nlle on Friday the 17th, the journey
to Quebec was commenced at 5 p.m ; Tory Island being passed at 8.35.
At 1.45 on Wednesday, Belle Isle was passed, and ttie captain was
able to announce that the Atlantic had been crossed from land to land
in 4 days 17 hours and 10 minutes. This is said to be the quickest nin
ever m%de across the Atlantic from land to land. There were in aD
818 souls on board, the passengers including Sir Alexander GampbeU,
Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario, the Hon. Mr. Mowat, Premier of
Ontario, and the Bishop of Rupert Land."

The S S. " Parisian " 5,365 tons, is the largest steamer of the
fleet, and is one of the finest and most comfortable vessels afloat.

Everyone who has crossed the Atlantic knows how welcome the
sight of land is to passengers. The journey to any part of the West
is easily accomplished by this route, and the traveller can enjoy the
beautiful scenery on the River St. Lawerence, Lake Ontario, with its
famous Thousand lulands, and the Falls of Niagara by the way.

WHAT TO TAKE.

For use during the voyage Steerage Passengers are recommended to
hire the outfit provided by the Line, which consists of Wood's Patent
Life Preserving Pillows, Mattress, Pannikin to hold H pint, Plate,
Knife, Nickel-plated Fork, and Nickel-plated Spoon. The charge for
tlie use of these articles for the Voyage is 3s. 6d. per Adult, and Is. 9d.
per Child between the Ages of Two and Twelve Years ; leaving
passengers to provide bed -covering only, a rug or blanket being sufficient.
The hire of the outfit necessary for use on board ship is recommended in
preference to actual purchase, as the articles are valueless on shore.

The outfit can be hired when the Emigrant procures his Ticket.
This saves trouble, as it is sent on board the steamer without any in-
convenience or expense to the passenger.

84795

ran

The emigrant should take with him as good a supply of strong warm
clothing as he can. Woollen clothing and other kinds of wearing
apparel, blankets, house linen, etc., aro generally cheaper in England
than in Canada. Generally all bedding should be taken and the oovem
or ticks of the beds, but not the materials with which they are stuffed,
as these would be too bulky, and can readily be obtained on arrival.
Boots and shoes can be purchased to better advantage in Canada, being
better adapted to the climate ; the English hob-nail boots are altogether
unsuitable in many parts of the country.

Many of the little household necessaries which the emigrant possesses
he might do well to bring, and they may prove very useful ; but still it
is adviaable to consider well the weight and bulk, and how far it is
worth while.

Articles of household furniture, crockery, stoves, or heavy articles of
hardware should be Mi behind or sold, except in some circumstances
for 8i)ecial reasons whiuh the emigrant will consider. It must be borne
in mind that such articles are very liable to breakage, especially on
long railway journeys to the West.

Agricultural labourers should not bring any of their tools with them,
as these can be easily got in Canada, of the best kinds, and suited
to the needs of the country. Generally speaking, the farming tools
naed in England would not be suitable for Canada.

Mechanics are advised to take such tools as they have, particularly if
specially adapted to their trades ; but chey must bear in mind that
there is no difficulty in buying any ordinary tools in Canada at reason*
able prices, and that it is better to have the means of purchasing what
they want after reaching their destination than to be hampered with a
heavy lot of lug$;ar.'-e on their journey, causing them trouble and expense.
As a general nilu, the tools made in Canada are lighter and better
adapted to the needs of the country than those made in the old country.

LUGGAGE.

All luggage should be plainly marked with the passenger's name,
port of lauding, and final destination. The Company supplies adhesive
labels for this purpose, but it is recommended that on rough wood boxes
the addrebs should be inked or painted on the wood, while for canvas
b&\gs and such like, linen tie labels should be used.

Luggage is charged by measurement on the Steamer, and by weight)
on the Railway.

Oti> the Steamer the free luggage allowances are : — For Saloon
Passengers twenty cubic feet per adult, for Second Cabin Passengers
fifteen cubio feet per adult, and for Steerage Passengers ten cubic feeb
per adult, children half allowance. Ten cubic feet is equal to a box about
2ft. Bin. long, 2ft. wide, and 2ft. deep. Five cubio feet is equal to
2ft. 6in. long and 2ft. in widtli and 1ft. in depth. Luggage iu excels
of the free allowance is' charged at the rate of Is. per cubic foot.

Luggage wanted on the voyage should be put into a trunk or bag,
which the passenger will take into the sleeping compartment. Packages
required during the voyage should not be more than fifteen inches high.

Luggage not wanted on the voyage will be itowed in the hold
of the vetisul. There is no fi':ed limit for the size of packages not
wanted on the voyage, but it is desirable that no piece of luggage
should exceed 2n0 lbs. in weight.

On. the Canadian and Avi'vloan Hail/vayt, the free allowance in
150 lbs. per adult. The Canadian Faciiie Railway make an extra
allowance to passengers booking to Manitoba and the Canrxiian
North- West Territories.

Every precaution should be taken for the safety of luggage. lb
should not be lost uight of until it is on board the Steamer, and the
same vigilance should be used »t the landing port. On arrival at th«
}>ort of landing, the luggage is examined by the Customs Officers, and
that belonging to passengers lxx>ked inland is " checked " to its destin-
ation ; that irt to say :— a metal " tally " with a number stamped on it,
is attached to each package, and a corresponding " tally " is handed to
the passenger, to present when taking delivery of the property. Before
entering the train, passengers should take care to have their luggag*
properly checked, and the railway company will then be responsible
for it.

When changing trains, passengers should see that their luggage is
transferred to the train by which they are to travel.

Settlers' effects are admitted free of Customs Duty if they com*
within the terms of the following clause of the Customs Tariff : —

Settlers' Effects, viz : — Wearing apparel, household furniture,
professional books, implements and tools of trade, occ\)pation, or
employment, which the settler has had in actual use for at least six month*
before removal to Canada, musical instruments, domestic sewing
miiciiines, live stock, carts, and other vehicles, and agricultural
implements in use by the settler for at least one year before his removal
to Canada, not to include machinery or articles imported for use in any
manufacturing establishment, or for sale, provided that any dutiable
article entered as settlers' effects may not be so entered unless brought
with the settler on his first arrival, and shall not be sold or otherwise
disposed of without payment of duty until after two years' actual use in
Canada : provided idso that, under regulations made by the Ministers
of Customs, live stock, when imported into Manitoba or the North-
West Territory by intending settlers, shall be free, until otherwise
ordered by the Governor-in-Council.

DURING THE VOYAGE.

Passengers should make themselves acquainted with the rules of thi^
sinp as soon as possible after embarking. Copies are hung up in
different parts of the ship. Every person is required to be well-behaved
and knep himself clean, as this adds much to the comfort and health of
all. Any complaint a passenger has to make should be made to the
Captain, who will, if possible, remedy the cause of grievance.

THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE BERTHING

of Steerage Passengers are everything that could be desired to make
them comfortable. The compartments are warm, well-lighted and
welUventilated. An important feature is the separation of the sexes

in the sleeping Moommodation. The Liverppol Daily Pt>it hwjn the
■following ftmongst other remarks which appeared on the subject: —

" With reference to sleeping aocommodation for males and females,
the plan adopted on the Allan liino appears to ub to be the b«)st and if
we may be permitted to say so, the only ponsible arrangements, consistent
with decency and decorum. The general custom which, ourionsly
enough, prevails, is tc place married people and their jfamilies in
•q[Mrate cabins. Now in most vessels these oal)in8 are constructed to
•ooommodatc about twenty persons, and in some cases twenty-four.
Gonaequently from four to six families are put into one cabin. It is only
necessary to remember that people undress when they go to bed, and
that fathers of families in the process are not different to other people,
and for a man to undress in the presence of other men's wives cannot
be proper. After a full consideration of tho subject the conclusion is
forced upon us that the only proper course is the complete separation of
the sezee as to their sleeping, and this is in fact the praotios of the
Allan Line alone among the companies of Liverpool."

II most, however, be clearly ^understood that the sexes are allowed
%o\.^ together at menlB, and at all times except during the hours of
sleeping.

Fa«engen are provided with an unlimited supply of eooiied food.
The provisions are carefully examined by a Government Medical Officer
imiDediately before the commencement of each voyage.

SILL OF FARE FOR SECOND CABIN PASSENGERS

■OKDAT

WOMDAT -

TDI8DAT

WBDHKSDAT •

1B0B8DAY •

mDAY

SATVRDAY- • -

BREAKFAST.

7-30 A.H.

Ooffea and Tea, Fresh KoUa,
Butter or MarmalaUv't, Bacon
and Kkxs, Iriib btew, Por-
ridge.

Coffee and Tea, Freeh ;&oUi,
Butter or Marmalade, Beef-
■teak and Ontoni, Fried
Potatoei, Porridge.

Coffee and Tea, Ki'eah BoIU,
Butter or Marmivlade. Flih
Uaab, Uver and Bacon,
Porridge.

Coffee and Tea, Fresh Rolls,
Butter or Marmalade, Her-
ring'), ILinced Collops, Boiled
Potatoes, forridge.

Coffee and Tea. Fresh KoIIs,
Butter or Marmalade, Veal
Cntlets, Irish Stew, Porridge.

Coffee A Tea, Fresh Bolls, Buttur
or Marmalade. Lochline
Herrings, Boiled Potatoes,
Irith Stew, Porridge.

Coffee and Tea, Fresh Bnlls,
Butter or Marmalade, Beef-
steak and

DINNER.

HOON.

TEA.

C P.M.

Roup, Roost Beef and Potatoes,
Plukles. Plum rndding and
Brandy Sauce, Cheese,
Dessert.

Soup, Corned Beef and Vege-
tables, Pickles, I'otatoea,
Hot-Pot, Bread and Butter
Pudding. Cheese.

Soup, Mutton— Roast or Boiled,
lieefsteak Pie, Pickles, Pota-
toes, Suet Pudding and
Sauce, Cheese.

Soup, Boast Beef, Boiled Pota-
toe.4. Pickles, ting Fish and
^g Sauce, Rice Pudding,
Cheese.

Snup, Beef— a la mode, Three
Decker. Potatoes, Pickles,
.'^age Pudding, Cheese.

i^oup, Ling Fish and Egg Sauce,
Pork niid Beans, veal Pie,
Potatoes, Picklea, Suet Pud-
ding, Cheese.

Soup. Corned Beef, and Vege-
tables, ilot-l'ot, Potatoes,
Pickles, Tapioca Pudding,
Cbeeso.

et,

•a

Oulons, Fried
Potatoes, Drr Hash, Porridge.
NOTJS — The Bill of Fare Oiuy be altered according to cIrenmstanoeB.

PaMengen in this class are provided with Beds, Bedding, and
neeesiary Utensili, Wash-basins, ftc.

STEERAGE BILL OF FARE.

SUNDAY • .

MONT)AT - •
TUESDAY- -

WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY •

FRIDAY - -

SATURDAY -

BREAKFAST.
7-80 A.M.

■*•«, Mltk •«« Sngftr,

KraOi IlolU and Bnltor,

Pnrrldg* Kr.d Qoldnn

fiyriip,
Coffta, MIIV and Rnf«r,

Kreiih Rollt and Butter,

Ihih stair.
Ontraoiil Porridfa and

OiJiiaii Byrup, Ooffaa,

Mlik and Snirnr, Vraah

lUiilaaiid Batter.
Coffee, Milk and Snnr,

Fir*h ttulli and Butter,

Irtch Slew.
Coffee, Milk and Sugar,

FrR«h UolU and Butter,

Oatmenl Porridge and

Golden Sjrrup.
OittmoKl PnrrldM and

Wyrnp, Coffee, Milk and

Snirar, Freeh Rolliand

Butter.
Coffee, Milk aad Sugar,

Vreah Roll* and Bnttar,

IrUli Stew.

DINNER.

19 HOON.

Snap, Fraih Meat, Pota-
toM, Plain rn<ldlaff and
Sauce ; rioklea.

Soup, RoMt Beef A Pota-
toe*, Bflmolinn I'ndding
end Jam { Plcklaa.

Pea Soup, Pork MOd Pnta-
to««, Rfee I'ndding and
Stewvd Apple* t Plcklof.

Soup, Beef and Potato**,
Plum Pudding * Sane* t
Pleklee.

Soup, Frexh Meat and
Potatoei, Semolina Pud-
ding A Prune*; Plekle*.

re% Soup, Tiing Flih and
Sauce, rork and Pota-
tnee, Rloe Puddlnof nnd
SMwed Apple*! Pieklvi,

Soup, Meat and PotAtoe*,
BamoUna Pudding ana
Pmnea t Pleklea.

TEA.
Bp.m.

Unlimited npply of Frf«h Bread at all maal*.
■nirita, Chiekpn Broth, Bnrley Soup, Beef Tea

Tea, Milk and Super,
Uraad. Butter and
Jam.

Tea, Milk and Sugar.
FrcHh nrriul. Butter,
and M iriiialndx.

Teo.MIlk and Sugar,
Freeh Bread, Butter
and Jam.

Tra, Milk and Bu^r,
Frreh Bread, Butter
and Marmalade.

Tra, Milk and Sugar,
Freeh Bre'd, Butter
ahd Jam,

Tea, Milk end Sugar,
Freah Bread. Butter
aifl Marmalade,

Tea, Milk and Sugar.
FrcKh Bread. Butter
and Jam.

KaTT Blaeulte al way* ready. Wine* and

. . Fruit and ^aterBlimlti are BorTod free to (irk

PaMOBgert ae Medleal Comforte on the order of the Medical Offloer. Rot Water from 8 a.m. to
t p m. for Women and Childraa'a Morning and Afurnoon Tea. M.B. druel at 8 o'elook aTary
Dight,

Matrons ari appointcd for the Streraob and 2nd Cabin
til attend to the wants of FemaJe Fassengers and Cliildren
during the voyage.

Experienced and fuUy qualified Surgeons are at^.aohed to each
Steamer, and in case of sickness of any description, medicine and
medical attendance is furnished without charge.

THE LANDING PORTS.

The Government Authorities and the Railway Agents at Quebec are
advised as soon as the Steamships pass Father Point (about 200 miles
from Quebec), and arrangements are made to receive the passengers.
The same iniformation is also telegraphed to the Government Agents
at Toronto and other Depdts in the interior, and by the time the
passengers arrive these officials are prepared to give all necessary
assistance.

The steamers land passengers at the railway wharf, and passengers
and luggage are transferred from the ship to the train free of cost. By
t)iis arrangement afl incidental expenses are*saved, and passengers are
able to proceed on their journey West without inconvenience of any kind.

Depots or stations for the reception of Emigrants are provided at
Quebec, Montreal, Halifax, Sherbrooke, Ottawa, Kingston, Toronto,
Hamilton, London (Ontario), Winnipeg, Brandon, Medicine Hat, Cal-
gary, Vancouver, and Victonu, B.C.

Officers of the Government travel with Emigrants on the trains, to
see that their wants are properly provided for, and that they are not
subjected to any imposition on the road.

!
I

■

The trains stop at intervals on the route for pasHcngers to obtain
refreshments, and meals aira provided, under tlie supervision of the
Government Agents, at moderate charges.

Emigrants holding through tickets, and wanting to get information
at the port of landing, may delay their journey for that purpose, as the
railway or steamboat company will take charge of their luggage until
they are ready to go forward to their destination.

RATE OF WAGES.

Wages depend a good deal un the occupation and capabilities of the
individual. And the inducement to go to Canada is not simply hight;r
wages and good living among kindred people under the same dag, in a
naturally rich country, possesijing a pleasant and healthy climate, but
the confident hope which the poorv'sst may have of becoming a landowner,
and, while securing a competence for himself, he may comfortably settle
his children in a manner he cuuld not hope to do among the crowded
population of the old world.

There are many instances of people who emigrated to Canada only a
very few years ago, and landed without any means whatever, who are
DOW comparatively wealthy.

MONEY.

Passengers taking large sums of Money will find the safest plan is
to purchase a Draft from some respectable Bank. Most English Banks
have Agents in nearly all the large Cities in Canada and the Stales, so
that Passengers can easily cash the Drafts ^vhcsn they arrive out Small
sums should be taken in gold, as sovereigns and half sovereigns are
always worth their full value. The following table shews the relative
value of English and American Money.

MONEY TABLE."

Sterling into Dollars and Cents.

$ CCS.

id. Sterling is . . 01

Id. „ „ . . 02

Is. „ „ . . 24

£1 „ „ . . 4 87

Dollars and Cents into Sterling.

, £ s. d.

1 cent is . . . ^
1 dollar is . . 4 2

4 dollars are . . 16 8

5 .. ... . I 10

For small change, the Halfpenny sterling is 1 cent^ and the Penny
sterling is 2 cents. For arriving roughly at the approximate value of
larger figures, the Pound sterling may be counted at 5 dollars. The
sign ($). is used to indicate the dollar.

Letters for Passengers can be addressed to the care of the Company's
Office at Liverpool, when posted in time to reach Liverpool on th»
Morning of Sailing.

mtm

Extract from the "Montreal Herald."

ADVANTAGES OF QUEBEC AS A LANDING PORT

FOR EMIGRANTS.

How the Strangers in a Strange Land are Received — A Substantial
Breakfast at Montreal — What the Immigrants Say.^

" Hearing that a large detatchment of immigrauta landed at Quebec
from the Allan Steamships ' Austrian ' and * Sarmatian ' on Wedubsday
morning, were due at the Government Immigration Dep6t at tlie
Tanneries Junction at an early hour yesterday morning, a Herald
reporter was despatched to the depot to see how the party were treated
by the Government and railway officials.

" As the train with its heavy load of passengers had not yet arrived,
the reporter was shown over the eating and cooking rooms. Here ia
served to the immigrants a good substantial meal of Irish stew, bread,
butter, and ootfee or tea. Shortly before six o'clock the signal was
given that the train was approaching, and instantly the kitchen
and eating room, which had before been desei-ted, became as busy
as a beehive. Hero were to be seen the cooks carrying in liuge
cans of stewed meat, giving out a most inviting odour ; there were
the waiters carrying the tea and coffee to the various tables, and
again were huge stacks of bread laid out for the weary travellers. By
this the train had arrived, and as the cars slackened their pace,
cheerful but sleepy-looking faces made their appearance at the doors
and windows, wonderingly asking the reason of the stoppage. The
idea of receiving a breakfast at.that early hour was not tu be believed,
and when it was stated that the meal was to be free, the incredulity
increased. . But some of the visitors, more credulous than others, liad
by this time c<iught sight of the loaded tables through the windows,
and quickly the news was spread through the cars. The party
numbered nearly 1,000, including over 100 who had been assisted to
emigrate by the Baroness Burdett-Coutts, about 500 Church of
England emigrants under the charge of the Rev. J. Bridcer, the well-
known emigration chaplain at Liverpool, the remainder being generally
persons who had emigrated from their own resources. There were
many farmers with capital — fine, ruddy specimens of true Englishmen,
gentlemen's sons, with plenty of cash, mechanics, tradesmen, and
labourers, and taken as a whole, they were fine specimens of humanity,
nnd exactly the kind of people the country wants. About one-third
of the party were women a.nd children, a very noticeable fact being the
wholesale emigration of '^utire families. A pleasing feature was the
number of young Londoners, who, determined to better tLeir lot, were
going out to try their luck on the western prairies, and that they >vill
succeed, backed up by their determination to do well, is certain. The
reporter, in conversation with the travellers, found one and all more
than satisfied With the manner in which they had been treated since

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their departure from their native land. They declared the arrange-
ments on board Bhip were very good, and that, as they had had a com-
paratively smooth passage, the voyage had been a very pleasant one.
For Mr. StaflFord, the Government Atrent at Quebec, everyone had a
good word, deolaring that he was indefatigable in his efforts to make
one and all comfortable."

The Dominion Lands Intelligence and Guide Office,
Winnipeg, under date 12th December, 1890, have issued
the following particulars for the information of intending
settlers, farm laborers, ordinary laborers, artisans, domestic
servants, &c., desirous of emigrating to Manitoba and ihe
North-West Territories of Canada, with regard to employ-
men* obtainable and the wages which were current for the
year 1889.

The Province of Manitoba and the North -West Territories are
especially adapted for mixed farming, and industriou« agriculturists
who come here with a moderate capital are certain of success. This
may also be said of farm laborers, who, after having hired out first
with some farmer here, and by saving habits having accumulated a little
money, will have no difficulty in establishing themselves on a homestead
consisting of 160 acres of good free Government land.

Our grain and roots can for quality be equalled nowhere. Our cattle
fifron the succulent grass of our prairies, obtain a good price both here
and on the British markets. Our farm produce, such as pork, butter,
cheese, fowls, eggs, &;c., find a ready and profitable market all along our
great Railroad highways.

Payment of Prbmiitms fob Fabh Pupils in Canada. — The
attention of young gentlemen and parents and guardians is' directed to
the following remarks in the Official Handbook issued by the Canadian
Grovemment, on the subject of paying premiums for learning farming
in Canada : —

" The question is often asked if it is necessary for young men wislung
to take up farms in Canada, but desiring before doing so to acquire
a knowledge of agriculture, to pay premiums either to persons in this
country or in the Dominion of Canada for that purpose. // may, therefore ^
be plainly stated that no pretaiums are necessary. Strong and healthy
young men from 1 8 to 21 years of age, who are prepared to accept for a time
the hard work and surroundings more or less inseparable from a farm
labourer's life, have no difficulty in getting employment in the
spring; and the agents of the Government in Canada will assist them
as far as possible in doing so without charge, although, of course,
without accepting any direct responsibility. Being without experience,
they will not get much wages at the commencement of their employ-
ment, but as they acquire skill they will be able to command
remuneration in proportion to the value of their wdtk. Great care
should be exercised in deciding whether the young men are suited to
the life that is proposed. |

The " Canadian Gazette " in a recent itwue also drew attention to
this subject as follows : — Experience teaches that a young fellow,.,
whether he possesses capital or not, had far bt>t.ter steer clear of all
such inducements. Let him place himself on arrival in Canada under
the direction of the authorised agents of the Dominion or Provincial
Governments, go to a farmer with a determination to gain a practical
knowledge of the ways of the country by working with his hands, and
sell his labour for what it will fetch. Everything in the nature of a.
premium should be avoided. It is unnecessary, and may be the
accompaniment of trouble. If the newcomer has the right stuff in him.
he will find plenty of demand for his services without any premium at
all, and two or three yiears' experience gained by hard work on a farm
will be found the best possible introduction to an independent career.

"There is the alternative of a coune at the Ontario Agricultural
College (for particulars see p. 59 of the Otiicial Handbook), where
an entrance examination in elementary subjects has to be passed.
There is also a School of Agripulture at Truro, Nova Scotia, with
a farm in connection, where pupils can receive a good practical
agricultural education."

THE HARVEST IN MANITOBA.
AMAZING YIELD.

The special correspondent of the Liverpool Courier writing from
Swift Current, North- West Territory, during September, 1891, says: —

I am travelling across the Manitoban provinces in a long car on a traia
which is as crowded, as a train on the Metropolitan Railway after
business hours. The majority of my fellow-passengers are wealthy
settlers, men of business, and Englishmen like myself, on the way to
Japan and China by the new Canadian route.

The talk among the Canadians is all of the bountiful harvent.
Amongst the Englishmen on the train one hears little, save about ttie
marveUous visible resources of theGreatNorth-Westand the teemingsoil.

The prairie farmers are still struggling with the colossal wheat fields.
For a month past the vast plain has been alive with reapers aiid-
threshers, and so lustrous was the moon last night that, as we sjied
through this fertile ocean of cornland, the dim forms of the harvestui-s
were seen still at work.

I have seen miles of grain trains going eastward to the European
boats, and our train has passed many other long trains of empty
wagons returning for fresh supplies. We pass farms almost blockaded
by their own stupendous produce in stacks. I have heard of wheat,
yielding thirty-five bushels to the acre, and of oats rising to sixty, and-
even to seventy bushels per acre. Twenty millions of dollars from
Europe* will be distributed amongst 25,000 farms, all in Canada, and
many settlers will become rich this year.

The weather is superb, the night light as day, and the day itself
warm and doudlesa.

Since I passed tliis way in 1884 many new towns have come into
•existence, and hundreds of miles of new country have been settled
aud cultivated.

Many new settlers from the old country are in the comfortable
colonists' car, and we all sleep and live as if in a luxurious hotel on
this great travel route from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Ottawa, Oct. 14th, 1891.
Advices received by the Department of Agriculture report extra-
ordinary results of the threshing round Regina, the capital of the
North-West Territories. In many places wheat has yielded 48, ,50, and
.even 55 bushels to the acre. At Cullom the oat crop has yielded 100
bushels an acre.

From all parts of the Province and the Territories, says the Manitoba
Free Press, comes the news of great crop yields. At Moo3on?^r. uoout
1,000 bushels of wheat is being raarlceted daily, and as high as 75 cents
'has been paid for loads grading No. 2 hard. Threshing is well advanced.
At Pilot Mound stacking will be in progress until the snow falls, and
it is thought that owing to the scarcity of threshing outfits much of the
threshing will have to stand over until spring. The yield is frequently
from thirty to forty bushels to the acre. The same state of affairs is
reported at Neepawa. As high as 78 cents has been paid at Minnedosa
for No. 1 hard, and 80 cents were offered for more, but the price haa since
fallen to 75 cents. At Springhill the wheat is of a fine quality, and is
yielding from twenty-six to thirty-three biishels to'the acre. Two Cars
daily are being shipped from Hargrave, and most of the Belleview
farmers are marketing their wheat at Oak Lake. At Sheppardville,
fifty acres yielded 7,766 bushels, and in another case twenty-seven
Acres yielded 963 bushels, and other similar yields are reported. From
Deloraine reports come that sixty-seven acres yielded 3.300 bushels, or
over 49|: bushels per acre, and from the same district reports of from
forty to forty-five bushels per acre are common.

Major Clark, a member of the Crofters' Colonisation Board, writes
in regard to Manitoba and the Great North-West : — Everywhere there
is evidence of progress and improvement arising from the best of all
sources — the agricultural development of the country. The present
positioii of t!iu ranches and the cereal estimates of the present year are
but eainests of what the future will be. The train-loads of oatUe
which have passed eastwards during the autumn, and the millions of
bushels of gnain now awaiting transport, are but samples of future
yields. The Canadian Pacific Railway, taxed as it now is to carry
the present products t'^, their destinations east a: id wefet, is as yet only
doing a sample trade, though it is already earning dividends on the
very threshold of the country's possibilities.

Settlement goes on surely and steadily. One of the most encottraging
features in this matter is the repatriation of so many Canadians from
Dakota and neighbouring States of the Union — settlers of the best class
who have purcliased their experience dearly in the blizzard belt and to
whom Nature has this year accorded a bounteous welcome back to
'Canadian soil.

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STATISTICS

SHOWING THE PROGRESS OF MANITOBA.

1871. 1882. 1886. 1891.

Population of Province 19,000 (55,958 108,640 154,442
Schools in Province : —

Protestant 16 150 484 524

Gatholio 17 34 65 96

Educationalgrant from

Government ...... none $20,000 $86,000(89)108,969

Railway built — miles., none 65 999 1,365

Railvb'ay Stations ■ none 6 103 149

Post Offices 500 523

( Manitoba Crop

Wheat exports— bus. .. none none 3,000,000) 1890.

Flour exports— sacks. . none none 383,600 i 14,665,769

V bushels.

From "The Canadian Gazette," October 22nd, 1891.

THE EXODUS FROM DAKOTA TO THE CANADIAN

NORTH-WEST.

There can be no question of the reality of the movement of farmers
from the Western States into the Canadian North-West.

The Department of Agriculture has received information that over
tliree thousand settlers have crossed the boundary from Dakota to
Manitolja this season. They all brought large quantities of stock,
.and express themselves as thoroughly satisfied with the Canadian
North-Wcst.

On September 28th a large party of farmers from ^South Dakota
arrived at Winnipeg in charge of Captain Holmes, bringing their stock
and effects with them. Captain Holmes says they are but the advance
guard of many others who are still to come.

On September 29th another contingent of South Dakota farmers
arrived at Winnipeg, and General- Agent Campbell was advised that
another lot wns to leave on the morrow. Those aiTiving on the 29th
had banners fastened to their cars, with mottoes in large capitals
painted on them, bidding "good-bye" to Dakota, and "ten years'
hard labour," ri;i .stating they were bound for the "land of wheat
and gi-ain and hay and wood and water and plenty."

ONTARIO'S HARVEST.
The Bureau of Industries reports that the yield of grain in Ontario
is unusually large. Tl»e autumn wheat averages from twenty-five to
thirty buahels per acre, weighing sixty to sixty-five pounds the bushel.
The crojis of spring and autumn wheat are estimated at over
32,000,000 bushels, or almost one-half more than in 1890. The oat crop
exceeds that of 1800 by '22,000,000 bushels, and barley by 500,000
bushels, notwithstanding less acreage.

»<:

A VISIT TO AMERICA BY THE ALLAH LINE.

To the Editor of the " Wigan Examiner.^*

Sib, — Indiaposition and other unavoidable causea liave prevented the
fulfilment of my long-standing promise to relate in lecture my experi-
ence and obuervations during my visits to Ainericii. 'i'he lecture
season is past, but as there are many in this and the surrounding
districts who contemplate a pleasure trip across the Atlantic, whilst
a oonuiderable number of our working people are bent upon emigration,
and requests for guidance are from time to time addresseci to nie by both
of these classes, it may be an advantage to them if I brictly summarise
some of the iuforuiation and suggestions I trust to present to them
respecting America more amply in the form of a lecture.

First, a word in reply to the enquiry as to the line of steamers.
Most unhesitatingly and einphatically I recommend the Allan Line, and
for these reasons. The St. Lawrence route is the shortest, safest,
cheapest, most comfortable, and most interesting.

(1). It is the Shortest. In summer it is only five days and a half
ocean sail from Moville, near Londonderry, where the boats take in the
Irish mails, 'J'he rest of the passage is in view of^the land and in com-
paratively smooth water.

(2). It is the Safest. First, because there is much less traffic by
this route, and secondly, safety is really and truly the first consideration
of the Company. The owners of this Line are not frantically straining
every nerve to beat the record by a few minutes, but enforce most
rigidly their rule, which I can testify from experience ia observed, that
in case of fo<^ the speed must be reduced to dead slow. Auotlier
guarantee of extreme carefulness is, I venture to think, afforded by the
fact that the steamers are not insured,

(3). It is the Cheapest. The Through Fares by this Line to in-
land places iii Canada and the Western States are lower than by any
other route. Where time is an object, and the desire to sea as well aa
to sail, I would recommend the direct route to Quebec.

(4). It is the most Comfortable. The absence of the rush and
excitement inseparable from a large crowd is no small factor in the
restoration of the weak, the over-worked, and the jaded. I have
circumnavigated the globe, I have sailed in many ships on many seas,
but I never spent a happier week in my life than on board an Allan
Steamer. Steerage Passengers will find the accommodation excellent,
and the food good and abundant, while for a few shillings they are
relieved from the expense, inconvenience, and trouble of providing
their own bedding and eating utensils for the voyage. I found every-
thing to bo very satisfactory — the accommodation good, and the
places well ventilated and airy.

(5). It is the most Interesting. The sail through the Gulf and
up the river of St Lawrence is exceedhigly fine. The St. i^awreuce m
one of the grandest and most interesting rivers in the world.

Canada is developing with extraoi-dinary rapidity, and p.tfords a grand
field for tlie English emigrant. From all I have heard of the experience
of the Wigan colliers who have returned from Pennsylvania, I expect
tiiat they would do much better in the coal district of Nova Scotia, but
of this I hope to be able to speak with greater confidence after personal
observation and enquiry.

Ince Vicarage, May 21st, 1890. (CANON) THOS. F. FERGIB.