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P \\ V' SOME years ago Toronto Univer- sity announced through the Vice-Chancellor that its revenue wa.s inadequate for its reeds, and that it was about to demand more money from the Legislature that had already given it what used to be called "a mugnificent endowment." The pro- posal seemed startling to those who had been contributing freely for '.ears to the maintenance of universities doing precisely the same kind of work as Toronto, and in seme directions certainly doing it better. They were willing that Toronto should have the advantage, in buildings and revenue, of an endowment, worth — in spile of the greatest mismanagement — nearly two millions, but that the Province should go on, indefinitely, doing its utmost to supplant private liberality, when it had been proved that one university was not enough for the needs of the country, seemed to them indefensible. What made the pro- posal all the more indefensible was that they could not shut their eyes to the fact that the success of the other universuies was the reai motive of the new demand on the State. They were told that those institutions were actu- ally " creeping up " to an equality of equipment with the one for which the State did everything. Such "level- ling up," not at the public cost, but through private liberality, was an im- pertinence. The only way to put it down, and to maintain a due distance between the rightful heir and intruders was by getting another million or so from the Legislature for the one that stood on its dignity and did nothing for itself. This method of putting things light had everything to recom- mend it. No self-sacrifice was called for, except that which Artemus Ward declared himself willing to practise cheerfully. It would besides estab- lish a precedent tliat would smooth away all future difficulties. Should any other university presume to go on developing, it would be easy to call for another million taken impartially from the pockets of the people, in State Aid to Higher Education. eluding those who preferred universi- ties of a freer type, and who were showing the depth of their preference or faith by their works. The other universities protested. They would have been destitute of self-respect if they had kept silence. Besides, the proposal received no favour from the general public. It would have fallen still-born, even had Queen's, Trinity and Victoria uttered no word of protest. When it was found that an appeal for Toronto University alone would be made in vain, a roundabout method of accom- plishing the objec:t was tried. It was resolved to divide the opposition. It was repeatedly stated that "the Meth- odists were the key to the position." In other words, if Methodist opposi- tion could be silenced, it was believed that sufficient political suppMt could lie obtained for something like the original proposal. The Minister of Education called a series of confer- delegates from the four universities, as well as from several divinity schools in Toronto, were invited. Ostensibly as the result of these conferences, the so-called " Confederation Scheme " was drawn ujj. The truth of the matter is, that no progress whatever was made at the first two conferences, and so tar as could be ascertained from conversations with the delegates, no one expected any to be made at the third and last. However, in the interval between the second and third, the Confederation Scheme v/as drawn I'.p, as the result of private inter- views and a private gathering of dele- gates who happened to be in Toronto. Great was the astonisb.ment of the representatives of Queen's, when the Scheme was produced in printed form at the opening of the third confer- ence. The Chancellor and myself, however, remained, giving what little help we could on the details of the Scheme that had been accepted by the majority. The first glance had been enough to convince us that it was not intended for and would not suit Queen's. Still, it was; our duty to do all that could be done, and then to submit the Scheme to our constituents without a word. After a few days' delay, insisted upon by us at the close of the conference, in order that we might have time to explain to the Trustees and Council of Queen's that we were in no way com- mitted, the Scheme was given to '.he public. As soon as it was presented to our constituency it was unani- mously rejected. The more it was canvassed, the worse it looked. Some of our professors who favoured Con- federation in the abstract, utterly re- jected this particular concrete. Men, who had never agreed on anything before, agreed in condemning this new model of a university. Everything that has occurred iu the two years that have passed since, has convinced M'5 twa'l, VA "iVit 'iri'tf! Catj Oi tVit COuTiVt'/ , in the interests of university education, and in the interests of Queen's, we took the right position. Last September, the Methodist Conference decided that the Scheme would do for Victoria, and the Gov- ernment promised the necessary legis- lation. Doubtless before this is printed, the propci 1 legislation will have been submitted to the House and be before the country. We have a riirht to hope that sufficient time will be given for consideration before it is voted on. I have been asked by the Editor of The Educational Monthly to state what attitude Queen's takes now. Though no meeting of the University Council or the Board of Trustees has been held since last September, I shall endeavour to comply with the request to the best of my ability. Associations of graduates and of benefactors in different places have ▼ State Aid to Higher Education. met, and resolved that, should the Legislature re-open the University Question, a one-sided solution can not be accepted. The city council of Kingston, has passed resolutions asking the Legislature to confine its efforts to the definite field of practical and applied science, and to establish a School of Science in Kingston, as | an integral part of its University j policy. It also officially invited the j surrounding municipalities to pass i resolutions to the same effoct. The councils, both town and county, com- | plied very generally with the invita- i tion, and I accompanied a delegation i from them, and from associations of ! the benefactors of Queen's that i waited upon the Government, for the purpose of explaining that I for one thought the request of the munici- palities for a School of Science in Kingston most reasonable, in the event of the Government proposing to do anything, and that it seemed to me tiiat iheu- suggt^stiou " (!(:)u"fcf~""b5 ' aci^epted by Queen's as a fair com- promise of its claims. Thus while nolhiny; has as yet been done nftiriallv by Queen b since ic announced its decision on the Confederation Scheme to the Government in May, 1885, I understand pretty well the mind of those who may be considered the constituency of the University. So far, then, as I have been able to gather their mind, they would pre- fer that the Legislature should not vote any more money for University education. They believe, with the •Municipalities Committee, that "pri- vate endowment is apt to secure the best service at the least cost ; that it is permanent, and not liable, like State aid, to change as the views of Governments or Legislatures may change, and that it calls forth the noblest attributes of human char- acter." They have none but the friendliest feelings for Toronto Uni- versity, though convinced that its exceptional position has cultivated in some of its weaker graduates an arrogance of tone towards other institutions that is not usual in gentle- men and scholars. They are sure that Toronto University is fettered, stunted, kept back from anything like free and full development, by its connection with what must, under present conditions, be a Party Gov- ernment. Besides, from what is reflected of the m ill of the average voter on the subject, they believe that the Legislature will do much less for University College and the pro- posed new University Professoriate than theii friends declare to be neces- sary. If the Legislature would vote a miUion or two, they might be able to do what they consider necessary at present. If it voted nothing, they could appeal to their numerous graduates and the wealthy men who appreciate at its worth University education. But, if it votes only a ■TftfrerTlien~aff~tnat i§" tifely" to be~ accomplished will be the checking of volunf^ry contributions. The growth of Toronto University will to a cer- tainty be arrested. Believmgall this, they are inclined to wonder that the graduates of Toronto do not ask the Legislature to set it free from its present political bondage, with the provision that the Minister of Educa- tion ard other official members should be kept on its Board of Management as an acknowledgment of the rights of the Province in the institution. They do not, indeed, wonder very much, because history shows that those who enjoy privilege are slow to surrender it, even when it hurts rather than helps, and they also remember how unwillingly Queen's surrendered the Provincial grant it once had, although no greater blessing ever befell it than the taking away of the said dole. They are all now conscious that it was a blessing in disguise, though they still resent the 4 State Aid to Higher Education offensive manner in which the tl.ing was done, the short notice given.and the injustice shown to men whose salaries were dependent on the annual grant. This then is the view taken by Queen's men generally of State Aid to Higher Education. But, should the Government insist upon re-open- ing the question, then they are quite clear that anything short of a compre- hensive measure would be wantonly unjust. The public meeting held in Kingston, in January, 1885, as soon as *• the Confederation Scheme " was published, adopted this view, but at the same time insisted that if the Government adopted anything like the scheme before them, it should be made comprehensive, and include Queen's in its operation. By the establishment of the proposed School of Science, Queen's would be in- cluded, in the way mor>t calculated tc serve, with due regard to economy, the material interests of the Province, and absolutely m accordance with the principle that Governmental con- trol must be co-extensive with Governmental expenditure. But, since this proposal was made, oddly enough, two other cities, that were not even represented at the confer- ences, have discovered that they would each he greatly the lietter of a School of Science. No doubt they would. And it is not for me to con- test their claims. The Government must decide each case on its own merits. But it ought to be enough to quote on this point the language of the memorial of the Municipalities Committee : — " In no other place than Kingston is such a school required as a matter of equal justice to and for the safety and protection of a university, built up by the people themselves against what would be the outside aggression of the Government itself. " In fiivour of no other place has a whole section of the country de- manded it on these grounds. ■le •^^an?-iism, po- ., ^nc *;••":' 1- me: '- m "fice . ( n- a iyed nut .*).T ■ '■ ■ -r, .e, pie enough ir; " And in no other place than the seat of a well established university can it be placed with equal economy and certainty of success." Those who disregard the.se facts have made up their minds beforehand, and are ready to catch at anything as an excuse for doing nothing. Ha"ing thus tried to indicate our attitude, I may add that, so far as "'e are concerned, it matters little what course the Government may take. Happily, the sources to which Queen's owes her existence and steadily growing strength are quite independent of political parties or Government favour. Queen's has been for nearly h .' century a prac- tical protest a litical and e siveness ar educatio . V* tolerance ha\ her, she hs ; th ,. -^ because tnere >':c [ Canadawlio understand her wort.., -^lA who sympathize with her ah the n.ort when she does not receive fair play. All the responsibility is on the Gov- ernment, and confessedly its path is beset with difficulty. The safe course, and, in the long run, perhaps the best for all parties, would be i ; do nothing, except to free the Provincial Univer- sity. But, if something nmst be done, and the compact with Victoria re- quires the establishment of a new professoriate, how can Queen's be ignored ? Confessedly the country has ratified our decision to remain at Kingston. Can any Go\-ernment say: "We shall aid Victoria directly and indirectly because it comes to Toronto ? We know that you ought not to come, buc none the less must wc ignore you. Our principles a'-e limit- ed to locality." A strong Govern- ment may say so, but the position cannot be held permanently. We may be able in the meantime only to protest, but a good many C'.nadians will not disregard our protest.