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Toua les autres axempiaires origlnaux aont filmte en commenpant pai- la pramlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'Impreesion ou d'iliustration at en terminant par la darnlAre page qui comporta una telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derni*re image de cheque microfiche, seion le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvont Atre fiimAs A des taux da reduction diff«rants. Lorsque le document est tiop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seui ciich*, 11 est film« A partir da I'angle sup«rleur gauche, de gauche h droits, et de haut an bas, en prenant le nombra d'images nAcessaira. Las diagrarnmes suivants iliustrent la mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 K) . v5- .,:^ ■o >w« T <-( it CANADA AS IT IS." AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE COMMERCIAL CLUB, OF PROVIDENCE, R.I., ON SATURDAY 28th NOVEMBER, 1891, BY THE HONOUKABI.K J. A. GHAPLEAU, SEVUETAHY OF STATE OF CANADA. Mr. Chairman aiid Ueiitlemeu,— The cor- diality of +he Avelcome you hjive given me reassm-es ni'» against the nntural fesvr whlcli a strange must experience in ventiuing to address, In a language ttrreign to his own, such an assemblsige as I see before me. I had felt honoured by Ihe kind and flatter- ing invitation tendered to me by yoiu- club ; and now, even before I have accomiiliahed the arduoxLs tasli I have undertalien iti ao ceptiug yoiu- invitation, I feel rejoiced and happy to have accepted it, Avhen I look at tlie sympathetic faces, when I hear the sympa- tlietic gi-eetlngs Mith ^Ahich you receive me. I midei-stand now why I was not stopped by tile Americjin customs olficer in entering this countrj' ; tliat intelligent officer nmst have at once mulei-stootl that my engagement here was not an alien Libour contract, but a most pleasm-able \isit to a beautiful and most hos- pitable city. Certainly I coidd not desire to have a more intelligent and representative audience of the Ameiicjin people tlian I have here to-uight. Smallest of all among the States of tlie miion, Rhode Island, like the Uttle tribe of Benjiimin among the tAvelve tribes of Israel, has always stood among the foremost of the Imitherhnod of the repxdilics of the western continent, loremost in order of history, for, was it not here that tho Nonlunen settled 500 ycara l)efore Cohunbus crossed the ocean ? foremost hi the gay world of fashion so long as >iewport remains^ the crowned queen of society ; foremost In numufactm-ing entei-prise ha proportion to Ita population ; foremost hi its unequalled 11- bmiy to wliich students of Ameilcan hlstoiy tlu-oughout the world must come, and In the front rank of mtellect by its imiversitj-, the Alma IMater of so many BRILLIANT AND DISTIKOUI8HED MEN. Tliat sj.lendld pile of miiveralty buildhigsi, yoiu- pubJjc libraiy, your athenaeum, all wlthi tlieii niiignittcent collections of books, going up Into high scores of tliousauds, are monu- ments of your gi-eatness tluit put to shame populations of Ave thnes your raagrdtiide. (Cheers.) Yoiu- State enjoys the proud dls- tinctioii of havhig inaugurated the real de- velopment of tlie cotton manufacturing hi- dustiy on this oonthient, an industry that has gi-own to proportions so colossal since Sam- uel Slater's modest hiltlal efforts at Provi- dence and at I'awtucket Falls. Standing here and looking back into thio pages of hls- toi-y, I am remmded tliat this city of yoiura» is on sacred gromid. Sacred to the cause of religious llbei-tj' which here had its birth- place, aud sacred to tlie memory of Roger WilllauLs, "one." if I am allowed to quote a lugh-mhuled I'rotestant wTlter, "of the sweetest souls with wlildi God ever atlowied the earth we ti-ead." PoUticJil libeit>' you who dwell hi New England always had In abmidance, but religious Uberty you liadnot, tS u FC^^'^.C'L^s nor (lifl It au.vAvherti exlHt hi the English col- oiileH luitll, In thu nilnil of Roger WUliania, there (laA\7ie(i the idea of llbeitj' of tlie soul. I Hay nowhere else, for even the charter of iMaryland exclu(le sa\e for others. Mv firm Ix^llef Is the only tJieoiy luider wlildi men can live in harmouj' and pence— THE PRINCIPLE OP BELIOIOKS LIBERTY. If, then, gentlemen, the history of yoiu- fair cltj' raises such noble thoughts, how much does its name, I'ro\idence V—" La I'ron- dence," for tJie word Is a French word too. How it raises our thoughts to tiie Father of all men whose hand guides tlie destiny of na- tions as well as of men— who protected Ro- ger Williams in the wilderness of Xarragan- settand Champlaln on tlie shore of the great river to the norUi. (Gentlemen, as I look around and see in yom* beautiful city, auddn an audience such as this, the (evidence of prosperity and cul-' tm-e. I can see how bountifully Providence has blessed you. His hand has led you along tlie checkered path of your destiny and brought you out in peace and plentj'. I re- joice at it—and as I thhik of your career and that of the gi-eat l^nion of Ropnblics, of, wlilch you form part— as I picture, in my imagination, the opening vistas of yom- in^ creasing prosperity, I rejoice— for, in the family of nations, we are learning that the prosperity of one is tlie prosperity of all. (Tentlemen— soil!-, of Roger AA'illiaias— chil- dren ot Providence— < an there lie a Provi- dence for you and none for us ? You know- that cannot be. We men of the north fee^ and know that we also have a history and a career and a destiny before us. iind that the luminous star which has guided you will also guide us. We feel that Providence has en- trusted to our hands the developnient of the northern lialf of this continent and we are not cowards to si: -ink fi-oni our taisk. Men may come here and tell yon that the poUtlcal party I represent ai-e actuated by hostile feelings to you ; if they siJeak so they tell falsehoods. (Hear, hear and cheers.) Yes, falsehoods. (Hear, h^ar, and cheers.) Our feelings are kindly, and we are as desirous as tliey are of extendhig the intercourse be- tween our countiy and yoiu-s to the fartliest limjt of friendsliip consistent with manly dig- nity. Why should we not be so ? But tlie that your country and mine can go on, each in his own sphere, developing the resources! of this continent side by sid» In brotherly amity, distinguished by these Individual dif- ferences which mark the members of one household, but Ix'aring the family lineaments of civil and political Uberty which stamp tlie races from which we have sprung. CANAD.A AND THE UNITED STATES, placed side by side by nature, must eltlier be friends or enemies. They are too near neighbours, they have too many interests in common, too much anibiti(m of the same kind, to be indlfferenti to each other. I tliink it is time they .should l)e friends. (Hear, hear.) If we look back to the past, vv^e find that the t^^() countries started the sjime year in the race of life. Qneliec and Jamestovvni of Virginia, were botii foimded in 160S ; New England was planted later on. The young' Coionies were not out of tlieir leading stiings when they liegan tliat long series of w^ars which only ended by the cession of Canada. Those were hard times, vviuii force reigned suprejiie, when the life of man vv^as counted for very Utile ; vviieii botli coimtiies seemed to borrow the ferocities of the Indians. Your ancestors were acx'used of having sent the Moiiavvks to butcher, in the dead of night, le inhabitants of Ijacliine. My ancestors /et^jillated by sending expeditions against Deei-fleld and Haverhill, to accomplish mas- sacres which were considered gi-eftt deeds In those times. And to think that Csmadians have travelled, for that glorious deed, all the way from Montreal to Massachusetts on snowshoes, in tlie middle of winter ! Fin- ally the seven years war put an end to the struggle and yon came out victors. The col- ony of New France, had practically been abandoned by tlie Motiier Coimtiy, who di-i not much value " these few acres of snow," as YoltJiire called Canada. It was fi-om B(xs- toii. and. therefore, from the territoiy of Rhode Island tluit the lianlest blows were (Ur- ected against New France. It was so much so that the EiigHsh col'iiists vv^re known hi Caiiadji. not as the Americans, but an tlie Bos- 3 toni.'ius (los BostonnalH). n name by whldi tho pooplo of (111' rnltt'u States wciv known aloiifi tlio shoivs of the St. liawrence, up to a very few years a^o. One feature han always stiniok me when rwidhiK tJio lilslory of those eventful times : it Is the strange, If not the deep, (Ui>lomaey by which yoiu* forefatJiers altenuitely |ns«Hl England to turn the French out of Canada, and then ust>d the power of France to drive the English out of this c^nuitrj'. But, gentlemen, that is tlie lilstorj- of the past, and, thank heaven. It is forgotten. In this sense, that no e^^l feeling sunlves thosiP terrible times. I am not exaggerating when I say that there Is no nation tnxder the sun that has more prestige In the eyes of the Canadians than the Americans. We share the admiration of tlie world for your gi'eatness, your progress, your Insti- tiitlons, which we aa'^ouKI enA^y if we did not enjoy the ssime liberties as those you are blessed with. Like the United Stitcs, Canada is a democracy organized on a liberal basis, where the race for power, wealth and honoiUT9 is open to all ; where men at the helm to-daj' Imve mostly all come from the humblest ranks of society. Aiul now, gentlemen, let me again turn back to the i.ages of history, and from iti* teachhigs explain to yovi the real " struggle in Canada," and the true position of " Canada as it is." l^et me shoAv you the true issue which lately return- ed to power those who are now niling our counti7,^, and clear away from your minds those mists of misconception Avhich our ene- mies have tlirown aroimd it in order to dis- guise their own folly and failure. Lee me tell you of some of tlie people who founded my northland home. Verj^ little more than 100 years ago there sailed from the port of New York a fleet of English sliips, bearing with it one of the sad- dest burdens recoi'ded in histoiy, but one full also of lessons of hope and of courage. It was the fleet Avliich carried THE tTNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS, seeking in tlie wilderness new homes and political instltuticjus after theu- own hearts. Tliat was a small part of the total emigra- tion ; yet, In the space of a few weeks, twelve thousand souls— men, women and chil- dren— sailed from that single port of New York. Tliey were not obscure or imknowTX people. They weiv mostly from the edu- cateil classes of colonists— oAViers of property and profes.sional men— but there were people among them of all classes of .society. Mapy of tliem luul served tlie Ivlng in arms. They luid f v.glit for a great idea— they were un- if mists against secessionists and had fouglit for the organic luiloii of the Aiiglo-Saxon race. Few of tliem had approved of the parllamentaiT measinvs wliich precipitated the Ilevoluticm ; but, in war, only t\vo sides are possil)le. and they diose that which, in tlieir view, had the better right. They left behind them l)road cultivated flelds and roomy mansions to begin tlie world anew Iri log huts and tents. The fleet carried theiu, to the rocky coasts of Acadia, a name wliich oovei-s the territorj- now known as New Bnmswiek and Nova Scotia. New Bnms- wiok was not known for years after as a separate ProAince, :xnd but a handful of peo- ple were scattered over that iuunense terri- torj-. Otlier exiles streamed over the nortliem Ixtrder of the colonies which had become the T'nited States. They entered what is now tlie prosperous Trovince of Ontario, then j^ AAlldemess of forestsi roamed through by. saittered bands of Missisauga Indians. Their strong anns and brave hearts supported* them hi their arduous labours, and they built up in Ontario, as in New Bnins\Aick and Novoi Sootii^, iwlWcnJ ln,stltutions unsur- passed in tlie luilon of freedom with order, bv anj^thing Avhich the genius of the Anglo- Saxon race lias produced elsewhere. They l)ecame fannere in the western province and' on the Atlantic coast they became sailors ; or, rather tliey continued to be sailors, for the settlers were chiefly from tlie seaboard colonies; and at tlils very day, o\Aing to their maritime entei-prise and skill, the Domlnlou of Canada stands fourth among the nations of the world in the registered tonnage of slilp- ing. Thus the loyalists proceeded to clear uj) a new land for themselves— now the Do- minion of Canadii. Loyalists ! A strange word that— singularly antiquated ; for are not all tlie '•«>nUghtened" asking wliat is loyaltj- ? Wliy should an illusion of past ages invade tlie domain ol' practical politics 1 niese absiu'd people — these ancestors of ours— tnily 100 years ago actually had political principles ! Loyalty is the hoiKnir of iintloiis, mi abstrnct Lien whidi " (Uslllij.si(iiiiz»>(l " \m i>)' do not Mpprt-hend. Pmcticiil nion Kiun^r at siii;:i nbHtractlons, Init l)raotIc4il iiu'ii ar»'. in such inattors, the most iiu'onst'(|iU'Ullal in tlu' wliolc worlil. Tlu' world is, luul always has Ijwn nilwl by idoas, for nmn «1rues ''idled Switzerland, and which saved the I'nited States in tlie ^reat civil war. So much for one element which had a larKe slutre in nuiliing tJie history of Canada-, but intermingled with tliem was a people of noble and ancient lineage, to whom I am proule isolattnl frojii the parent, stoclc— a pt^ople abandonnl l)y their natural parents, who fotmd in tlie liritisli Crowni, tliough alien hi race, in biuguageand reUgion, a friend and protector Avheu tlielr need was the sorest, and imder whose sway they enjoyed that M)erl7i' ,of the soul of which Roger WilUaius had (h-eamed. Is it any wonder, tJien, gentlemen, tliat grititude with the French colonists should soon have developed into loyalty, and that there should have spnmg up a deep-rooted feeling of at- tachment to tlie British Crowni as the tried guardian of their language, their Institutions and their laws ? (Cheers.) With sudi a stock of men, strong hearted, level headed, patient toiiei-s of the land and sea, Canada was well etiuipped for all emergencies, against open agression as well as subtle axid tortuous methcxls of encroiicliment. And God knows we were spared neither of those. AMieUiei we look back in o our memories or listen U) (mr grandparents, Ave find that every defvule had bnmght its own troubles and aliirms. There were the Maine bound- arj', the Oregon cpiestiou. the sympathizers of '^7, the 'codlisli war.' the Fenian raids, and otlier weaiy disputes, during every one of which our siieedy and Irivtiievable niiii has been awifidently predicted ; just as our can- did friends are now cheerfully waiting the appalling results of the McKinley t'liiff to overtake us. But with all this, the pru- dent a' id thinking men avIio happened to govern our cxtunti-y during those Irri- tating tlnii's, n>lying upon the loyalty and tlie tried experieiia' of the iH'ople, succ<'ede(l in preserving confidence at home and peacc» abroad. We had the extniordinaiy aise of a Prime Minister n igning almost supremo over a democnitic commuuity during over a quarter of a centiu'y almost without inter-i ruption. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) How- ever, it must be admitted tliat TIIK rUKSKNT CANAniAN OPl'OSITION had good ri'ason to anticipate success at the eU>ctions which would iiec«'ssjirily have takeu place hi the autumn, for the sixth parha- meiit was in the last yeai* of its life. The infiuence of th(> liocal (Jovenmient was In their favour in all the I'ro\inces. They liad been out of power since 1878, and it was theii tuni ; for a (ioveniment so long in office as the present Dominion Cabinet must make many active enemies and lukewarm friends. The farmers were uncomfortable and dispos- ed for a change Avlien the Opposltiim o^mmltv ted the in-etrieval.le blunder of identifying their party w:ith a iM»licy of unrestricteil reci- procity with the United States, and thus tra- versing the cx)ntinuous ti-aditioiis of Can- adian Vsentiment and history. Sir .Tohu ^Macdouald watched tlie moment when they sliould become hopelessly committed, and then unexpectedly dissolved the House and tlirew himself upon the national feeling of the people. The battle was fought politicjilly, as far as party programme went, on a pro- tect.i(mist b isl.'ii. but really upon a far deeper issue— that of national existence. No doubt tliis was discLiimed by the Opposition. No doubt Sir Uicliard CartwTight comes of a. good lojal stock. No dcmbt :Mr. Liimier would depreaite a union whicli would dwarf tlie importance of his nice and religion, but covered up though it was in eveiy way, tlie issue wsm tliere, and the (piick sense of THK VKOPLK nKTUCTKl) IT AT ONCK. They felt tliat in a "dicker" witli the United States (io\-ernment, tJu> national in- tlependence was sjifer in the hands of the pi-esent Cabinet than in tiiat of their oppo- nent.s. Tiiat a proiwsltion to permit? tlirt l/nited Stafes (Government tii regulate om' commerce and settle our tarifi" should have ,s(v.,ired even the measure of support it did ought to suggest much searcldng of con- 8<'k'n liiiiidi'd over so fmiikly to WaxlilniK'ton wo had won iiftcr a loiiu and hard stniuKl*' with our own uiollH'iiand. II was a tlilnu aliovo all others of which wo wore most Jonlous, and ,vot, at tlu' last t-loc- tion, an inipot-liinl. nilnnrlly votod apparently to ylold It up to tho rnit«'d States. Any stono Is kimmI enough to throw at a i)olitlo.'il anljiKonist, and once hi power tho opposi- tion woulil feel lt« rosjMMisi 1)111 ties ; Imt to permit Congress to close our |»orts awihist (Jroat Brltjdn by moans of tho .McKlnloy tariff, or any such I'hlnow loKlslntlon as it may adopt, is not a declaration of hmepon- donco— HometliiuK iiiiKht Im' said for that Imt ji renunciation of indoiK'udence and a rtoclamtion of abject dr>pondence wliicli woulil ^tiiKKor the self-respect of th(> smallest. Central Ameilcan Ilepuhllc. Such a policy would nij)idly diminish tlu? imports from England and France, and utterly dostro.v our own niaiuifactures. Then, after 1(1 or \2 year.-i, the Detroit experience would be lo peutt^d. ^Vo should be told that wo ou^ht not to expect the udvauta^os of free trade with the T^nltod Stutcs unless wo are i>re- paroil to share all the bmvlons of cltl/.on.s. Then witli otu' nunmfactures ruined and our self-respect puie we .should bo compelled to sneak by a^ back way Into the American Union, Instead ot entorlnj; it lik(> free men by fret< men's votes. But. siiy " suiterlor per- se us," why resist tlie inevitable V Auno.Vii- tlon must come sooner or later, and they point to tlie wealth of the Tnlt<>d States- its millionaires, tiio frreatest in the world. Tho reply Is easy. Very rich men are not ii strenjith, but a weakness to a state. (Hear, hear.) lOnormous dls]tarlty of fortune has always Ix^n a sljrn of Impenchnj: ch.uiKe and the stability of a state rests nithor upon tlio absence of very poor men than upon the presenci' of very rich ones. ARuln tlie " Ito- view of Ihnlows " i'.ssm-os us In connection with a portrait ofiMr. Wlmau that '■ Cinada is the outer frhifre " upon a jrreat Industrial comnumlty of which it slumid normally bo an intetrral portion. Canada has not tho niiitorlal resources of the rnlted States, but she has existed uuh'pendout of them since the si>ttlenient of America ; tirst as l-'rench Canada, then as Canada of the (>xlle|!. and no^v as Canada of a united people, and there seems to n Canadian no i-eason why she .should not continue independent. Moi-e- ovei. lot It be Krantod that eventually that 1h her fate, Iti Is no reason why she should rush to it. A man of s«>ns4' does not shiK)t him- self lH'ca\ise ho imi.st die some (lay 'heera and lauKhtei.i A K<)od (h'al has been sidd, at various times in our history, about the invasion of Canada iVom the I'nitod Stales. There mlnht lie Some reason of late to talk about the ir.va- .slon of tho Cnlted States from Canada. (Hoar, hear.i Contrary to the custom of war, however, tlie Invaders from Canada re- ct>lvo the ICINDKsr HKCKITION IN ■I'llIS CofNTHV (Cheers. I Some become citizens of the rnlted States and help to increase your pros- perity. Some come here for tho i)urpose of noKotiatiiiK treaties, not always with success. And some, like myself, come at tht> kindest of Invitations toi deliver jnibllc addresses on piihllc (piestion-' And all of them have t)C- caslon to say, tit the end of the visit, what Art^'inus Ward is reported to have said to tlie people of a western town : " tientlemeu, 1 never was In ti place where I was treated so well— nor, may I add, so often." (Liiuuh- ter.) This iclndly treiitmont, well and often, did not boj^lii to-day. Lonjr ago. In 1854, Lord I<]1kIii was received in the T'nl ted States with ii remarktible enthusiasm. ((Iuhh's.) In 1S>")() tho people of Buffalo wivo hlni a re- ception on tho occjisloii of a formal visit to the Welland Canal, iind tin amuslii); story has been told by the mayor of Buffalo at the time. An enthusiastic Kuesr, as ho listened to Lord VAfiiu. said: "Fine fellow. If he comes here we'll make him mayor." As the siH'och went on, the enthusiastic gentlenum said excitedly, "By (xeorKe, Ave'd make him (Jovernor of the Sttue." And tliiidly as the eloipient onitor worked on the foellufis of the jindleiice, tiie mayor's fiioiut slapjied the mayor on the shoulder tiiul cried, " Heavens, we'll juiike him president— not hlnj; less tlii'.n president." (Cheers and laughter.) In 18G5, one of the greatest orators that Canada ever pr(Kluc(Hl, Hon. .hwepli Howe, was present at tho grciit convention at Detroit and de- llver«Ml iin address on the occasion which de- .• iiiul us livlnc In Its lnt«'n'MtH as It was upon tlu> day ItH titt«>ninc«« moved tlio MrMiS OK TlIK IIKTHOIT t'ONVKNTION " I may woU ft'«'l awed." said Mr. Howe, "in tli(> iircwMU'e of xiioli an iuidi('n<'4> ii>t tliis, lait tlif Kroat queHtlon wliicli Id'inus us to- KetluT is wortliy of 'Ih' aiKiicnce, and chal- lenKt'H tlu'lr jn'ave (M»usidi'nition. Wliat is tliat qiH'stion V Sir. wo are t4> determine liow liest, we Clin (iraw to^etiier. in (lielH)n(is of peaee frlendsliip and eonnuen^lai prosi>erity tlie tlu'tH' Ki'ear, l)ranclus of tlie Hrilisli fam- iiy. In tile presence of Mils ureat tiieme all petty Inteivsts .siiould stand relnilvcd ; we are not; d«>alinu with the concenis of a city, a pro\1nc«' or a state. l>nt witJi the future of our race in all time to come." In 1874 Lord Dufferin, whose name in every part of tlie world is a synonym for l>rillian<\v and ability, had a friendly rect'p- tion from the ChiwiKo Boanl of Triule, and. In tlic c- lieve tliere exi.sted but one jiiotive. and that i.s tlie desire to come U> an understaiidim,' \Aitli tJie Government of the I'nited States. I do not thinlv tJiat for one i oment we have imajrined that in any aKre<'nient or treaty wliich may he ue^otlated. it would l»e either possilile or desiniltle to make a oiie-.slth'd bar- gain. What we desire is fair and equal deal- ing, and I lielieve. you. gentlemen, are actu;it- ed by the same honcmralile sentiment." I have ref€'rre- man who dierishes a love for peace and the prosjierity which ac- coinpjuiies .ind prom* es peace wishes to see contimied and contirmed. It was In accord- ance Avith this triiditloii of friendliness that :Mr. Laurler. the leader of the (^ppo.sition in Canada, was entertained in Boston on the 17tli instant, at a bancjuet at which the Governor of the Slate was present. It is in accordan«-e Willi this S4iiiie tradition of friend- liness that you. gentlemen, have dont>' me the honour of inviting ,me to Im> present and to address you this evening. I am here t died your interests as well os (»urs .suffenxl a tempoiiiry loss. If I do not say an irreparable loss It 1h Iwcause, In this world, no man is essential, and all losses are repaired and all vacancies lUled In time. But Sir John Macdoiiahl established in his llfe- tliiu' and left to us. old colleagues, a tradi- tion wliich we are willing, nay. very desir- ous, to carry on. a tradition of friendly com- mercial relations AvltJi tli(> rnlted States, con.sisteiilly with the maintenance of Cana- dian interests in the pntion Into Canada, tluit perfect reclprocit\- iimy be es- tablished between the two countries. In that same year old Canada pa.ssed a law reducing rates of import duties on l'iiitel i< luul ii-l»iilf to sj'Vfii iiiul a half per (iMit.. iiiul nilHiim tlie riiU* iiixm BrUlsli linpoHM froiii live pt-r cent > Hcvcii and ii-liiiir iM'i ,'ol,liil»' ii fair nu-asutv of ivdltrocity l>«')\vffn IIh- two (•..iintrlcs. It Kuvo an Iniini'iiHt' advantime to the ««xportt'iM of tlio I'nitod States, lail' no rom'six.ndlnjr l»'Ki«latlon was enacted )»>' tiiat conntry. nor was m-lpr ailniltt^Ml Into this (province fnt' of duty when hnpoitt'd tllrect from the I'nlted Statx's." A slmlhir hill was reiiorted by the Connuittee of Conunercti and jiasstwl by the IIoiiw ()f Uepresenlatlves. hut i"allehalf of th«^ Oauadlan provinces, and addressed an able letter to the chairman of tht* Conuultlee of .Conunerce in favour of the luloptlon of a n\easure of reciprcK-lfy on the basis fohowed by the Canadian Act of 1840. His efforts faded, and the UNITKI) STATKS SKNATK Ur.KCSKn To ACT. In is,"»4. after much correspondence, a treaty of reciprocity was at length lu'^jo- tlated. rn(U'r this treaty the following ar- ticles wei-e declared fre«' in both comitries. jind tlu< ti-eaty was to C4)ntlnue In force for tea yi'ars :— scuKnn.i;. (Jraln. Hour, and breadstutfs of all kinds ; iudmals of all kinds ; fresh. snioktHl and salted meats ; •cx)tton, wool, seeds and vege- tables ; undried fruits. a\ii'*\ fniits ; fish of all kinds : products of tish. :uid of all other ca-eatui-es livlUK in the water ; poultry, e^fis ; hides, furs, skins i.or tails undressed ; stone or uiarltle in Its cnide or unwrought state ; slate ; bvitter. cluvse. tallow, lard, horns, luauiu'o ; ores of metals of all kinds, coal, pitch, tar. luri)entiue. ashes. i timber and lum- ber of all kinds, round hewetl and sawed, unmajuifactured in whole or in p.-irt, tire- \v..(w1, i>ljints, slmdm and trtn^s. pelts, wool. ilsh oil. rice. bnM»ni-«>ni and bark. >r.vpHtii». tjround or uniifound, hewn. wnaiRht or nn- wn UK'Id. burr or ^rlntlstones. tl.ve stuffs, tlax, hemp and tow. (nimanufacture fa<-»' of th«' fact that mau- ufaetured goods wer<> exchuled by express words from tla* operatliai of the treaty, that I'nltiMl States duties on miinnfacture Impow'd for pr(M)f of ortnln of free goo rnlt.' use of the State canals for Caiuidlan vess«'ls. The agitation was taken up by the Leglsl.iture of New York Stjiteand pressed upon Congress by the reso- lution of both Houses of that body. And it had Its effect. In IStT) notice of the abro- rogatlon of the tr«'aty was given by the Initisl States, but neither (Jreat BHtaln nor Cauada abandone4 was given on March 17, ISCm. by .Mr. C. F. .Vd.inis, In London, to Lord .b)lm U\issell. the HHtlsh .Minister was disposed to think that the (Jov- eri)-, lent of the TTnlted States was not ser- ious. So great a body of conunerclal opinion In the Fnlted States seemetl favourable to the contlnuunce of a treaty. In ISC.'i Sir Alexander Calt and Hon. W. V. Ilowland from Canada. Hon. W. A. Henry from Nova Scotia, antl Hon. A. .1. Sm..ii from New Hrunswlck. were sent by their respective (Sovennnent.s to Washington to co-operate with Sir F. Hnice in a friendly attempt at negotiation for a renewal of the treaty of lS."i4. Tlu'se genllem-'u fomid "that no re- newal or exten.sion of that existing treaty would lie made by the .\uierican authoiities, but that whatever was done must be done by legislation." TllK .NKliOTIATIONS I'AIl.KI), owing to th<> inifnendly feeling in Con- ijrress. a. result which Lord Clarendon, in a (li'Mpiilch li» Sir I". Hnio'. imohI Hliic«'r«'l.v (h»- plnrt'il. Hy til, Clislnlns Art i>( IStlS. M^'Clliill ((, ('«'rtiilri fmiiiu'fiiitHi nrlU'U'H, tlii« yrowtli nf III*' I'liht'tl StiitoH, \v ii> iH't'inlltcil to Im> Iiii- portf.! Into Ciiiiinlii I'l-Diii llir InitiHl Stjiicx " fn'«' III iliil.v i>v ill M li-sM i-iili' of (liil.v tliiiii \h pi'uvlilfd III i|||. Hiiid HclM'diilc. iipiiii tlii< priiclaiiiiitliiii lit' till' rnnr In ('oiiiiclj. whcMcvcr the I nltfii SUWvs nIiiiU provl.lc fm- the liiipiiftjitloii uf sliiiliiir tiHU'lcH from. « '•ui- tiila liilii tliiii I'Muiitr.v I'ri'f of ihitv. i.r nt i li'MH mil' of ihii.v tliiiii Is now IniiMiH*'*! on flip linportiitlon from I'linmla of wich iirtlHeg Into llif I'liltn' SliitfH. • This WHS an ollvt- l»rantii lii-ld out ii.v Canada to ilio Inllvd Stjitcs In spile of t\w IuimMU' »'.\iK'rl<>nc»'s of pr««Vioiis ycai-s. In Istip, sir John Rose was will, iiy the Canadlaii ( Jovcrnnicnt to Wash- ln>,ton, and, In cinjiinction willi sir Edwnnl Thornloii, proposed iu>\v .lejjotlatloiis. with tlui <..ns.'nr, and approval of the HrlMsli »),»- t'lniniHir, of that, tiine, for a n'«l|)rocity treaty l>ase4. with the nddl'- tloii of iiianiifactured artii'Ies to the free list, the inutnal opeiilnn <»f the coasting, trade, tJie prot4'tloii of patents and coiiyrljfhtM. and a, treaty of extradition. It was found Ini- pussilile to make any propositions whicli the American (!i)veriuiu'nt would ac«>i)t. aaid (Jie ue),'otla lions fell thnniKh. fn 1S71, dniini: the Nessiiiu of the Joint eommittee which framed the WashinKton treaty. Sir .Fohn A. Mac fullest consideration of the (lovemmeiit of CnniKlii. The rult«>(l 'Slates National noard of Trade In ls7*J had pctllloiied Congress for a renewal of rtH'Ipro- cal trade relations with Canada ; and the nomliilon Hoard of Trade had bi uhl this tact to the notice of the (ioveinnient of Canada. In 1.S74 .Mr. (Jeorjre Urown, at the histanc of the .Mackenzie (ioveri lit, wlilcli. by It- I minute of Council, declared Its h-llef. -'I'hal. jtidiioKt favourable opportunity wiih prcMented for renewal of iieuotlalions for a reciprocity treaty," was sent as a ci nissloner to Wash- hik'toii, and, In conjunction with Sir Kdward Thornton, after a « 1 deal of discussion, negotiated a draft treaty of reciprocity ; but the President did not (.veil allude to It by I uies.sa>,'«'. nor did tlie Senate of the I'liited I States, a tliliiK within the scope of its au- j thorlty, ratify or «'ven delKH to discuss It. I TIIK KAM.rUK OK OKOIlliK IIKOWNS AITK.MI'T '• In 1S74 had such :in elTect on Mr. Mackenzie's (Jovenimeiii that dining the reiiiiilnder of Its term it made no further attt'inpt In that dlr- tH'tlon. In l.S7.">. when Mr. "Wallace asked if the , which had iK'come ail essential jiiirt of ])nblic policy in Canada, if it were to have any Ki-eat national industiMes, the Ooveninient of Sir .fohn Mac- doiiald did not overlook their tr.aditloiial goodwill towanls the riiited States jind towards fair reciprocal relations. Therefore, the Cu.stoms Act of 1S7!», chaiit(>r 1.1, section 0, contained a sjiedal enactment still favoiir- mg reciprocity on a lilieral scale. .\o answer wa.s made to that offer. In 1SS7, when Sir Charles Tapper was at WasliIiiKton, tie made a formal pro|io.sjil once more to the (Joveni- lUdit of the T'liited States fo" :, inunial arran>;enient providing; for greater freedom of commercial int<'rcourse between the T'nited States and Canada and Newfoundland. ISIr. Rayard's rejily was a tl.-it refusal. It Avill thus be seeu that the iio.sition as.sumed by Canada has from the tir.st Imh'U thoroughly conslslent. and continuously favourable to the adoiition and miiiutenance of A .IIST AND KKASONAIII.K MKASll'l'. Of KKCIl'ltOCITV with the rnited States. This has bwn shown : (1» In tlu' iiddress of 1S.4-7 ; (2) in the Art iMiNiM'tl III |H4lt. Ill the ciiHtiiiiiK «'imctiu»'tit Uf Ht«(lll«.r.V oty«'llifH ill IHUH, 1H7!I lliul 1H,M,M iitul In llw wp ly nitlllriillKii liy <»ur Pur- lliiiiwnt (»f tin- trciilU's »t 1M54, is"! mid IHMH ; (!l) In tilt' I'i'ImmiIimI ctYurtH iiiiulf Ity Ciiii- nilii for tl»' (•((iitiiniiiiic*' of Mu' <>l:iitlnii. rnr ihc ri'iH-wji! (if ii><-l|iniciil ri'hitloiiM oi( 11 fiilr iiiul i>)|iiitiilili> IhimIk. TIiIh i>\|i(>hc t>«tiilillMli<'s tlint. In Ciin- lulti. \vi' III! iitfii'*' ,'n'<'iii»'nt Ih-kIiih oil till* iiinins lo jitt4iiii that di'slnililc ol)J»'(!t. Tli«> only piiity who liiis not Kliown IiIh willlinriifs.H lo do Miiyihliin. ImiI \vhost> coii- Hi'Ut In nil linporliint; in the iniiitcr, Is Urodicr .Toiiiitlinn. who naiHt: lanuh In IiIh hU><'V(> at tlin siulif of oiir stni/.'K'li'. If ln' has iiiadt' np his mind NOT lo TUADI' W iril TIIK CANffKS. The to't'iit iifjainu-nt put forth in tiivour of uiii't'StHctrd ri'ciproclry Is lluit It would o . 'i to Canadu a inariii'l of f.iMHtO.tMMi of pcojih' ft "jrt'ttliiK' they Would Hnd In that niarUcl of Hlxt> millions, competitors In all Wf can sfil to tlm A nigricans. They for^t't that the I'nitcd States an' tli»« ufcalest prodiuvrs of i\w world, and that there Is not one article of the farm which they do not iiriHlnce. They ovt'i'look the fact that onr .voiiiiK indnstr.v would Ih' crushed lu its strnwle in Canada with the i»owerfnl and old American inaiin- factnrt's. of course, there is no denying tho tact that .\oiir tariff is very luird on Canada. It pinches in several jilacea, lint w'« are not on that acciainl to stand tliere and raise our hands to Heaven, (Hear, hear.) In this strait we did and are doini; what shrewd and energetic Americans would ha\e done In onr position. We turned aroiuid and looked for new markets for lair surplus priKliictlon.s. We liav*' succeeded with many aHlidcsand are sure to di.spose of the lialance lu'forelouK. sn.vinu In the meautluie to you : (ientlemen. If you wish to trade with us. we are ready ; ,1ust now is the time, but remember we are uo beKKiirs. nud can afford to do without yf)U, although not without son;" bard efforts. (Cheern.) Tiir. m'kim.kv tahikk is a, measure for tht> passing of which we onirht not to feel anj,'ry with the T'nlted States. It has don«' us ^ood. It has canstnl iw to leall/i' that ",ve can 8land n|MHi our iwn fe<'t. where lK>foii» we leaned a little for support upon tlie I'nlt^il States. (Hear, heai.i Here and there coiiiiiuidltleM we have to sell have eX|M'rleiiced resflct*"*! sal« speaking in general, the .McKlnley tariff h:iM nut iH-eu felt lo Ih' IiiJiiHouh In ItH nv sulls. The best proof of this is the cli-cnhl- latioii of bank notes. You know we, In Canada, have the best banklnK' syslein In the world, not e.xciptlu),' even the Sci.t«'li sysr lem. oil which ours Is modelU'd. (llcMr, hear.) Vicars iiKo " Htnit/H .M«>rehantH' Mawizlne," of .Sew Vork, eulo«:l/.ed the paper currency of Canaihi as posseMslim a decided procllvltj' all the time and es|H><-laUy In dull HeawmH to return lo the emitting baiil: That Is to sa.v, such notes cannot be kept out except so far aH tlipy iin> lu active employnient, for they can llud no restlim plac4' outside of the vault of the ls.suer, and this makes them tliictuatie In amount; (>xactl,v In obedlenoi* to tlie wuutd of commerce. A fe\>- we<'ks a^o Mr. Cdiii- wali, caslder of thi- Hank of Hnffalo, nvid a paper at the meeting <»t' the American Bank- ers' As.soclatlon, in New Orleans, In whldi he said : " CiuuuUi has for many years exlHt«Ml luuler a liankiiit,' law whlcli has >,'iven her a dnni- latiii;; medium fully met'tiii); all the nnpUrer meiils of every season, both as U^ elastlcltj' and safety, and to-day she has the most per- fect currency system of an.v nation lu the world e.\C4'pt Scotland." N'ow, the cUv'niatl(»n under this lMUikln« syateni Is tlu» lH>st t4'st of the state of the coUJitry. If there Is jirospeilty, the clreula- tion expands ; if times are dull, down t^ws the circulation. IlKKORK ANI> AI-TKR. Here is a table wlilch'shows tlie condition of thiuKs after aud before the McKlnley t a rill went Into force. The expansion of circulatliai from .Inly to OctolM'r of each year wa* : 1 iulSS.^) .$4,i»'>S.(MM) '2. m ISSC. r,.4.'?U.(i(M) :? Iniss" ti.li'.T.iMM) 4. In isss (i,(Mir>.(Mil ,"). In ISSil 4,S[)(»,0IK') r,. luispii .-).;n:?.()iM) 7. In INPI (;,(;o2.(HK> You uiU set> that the increase in the circu- lation retiuireil for the business of the coun- tr.v lu October, as compared with .Inly of lMi)l, was the larjrest of all tlu> yeai's given. 10 n a It was, witli tliK oxcoptioii of thrtH> pnnloua Octolwn-s, tlu> lurj';e8t of any year. If wa,s the largest iu 10 years. (Hear, hear,) Xo\v, hi Canada the expansion of? drcnlation froiiii Jiitfy to October in each year is due to tlie crops in tlie tii-st phice. It is the farmer and tJie moving of ii.s products thall nni np tlie circalation. You «i]l set\ tlierefore, thii<1) THE CimTI.ATlOX IS THK HEST TEST of the condition of the farmer. If the .Mc- Ivhiley tariff liad liit tlie Canadian iarmer luird the drcnlation would have l)et.'n of only ii in rmal diaracter, or ]whn <:Le aver- age. !.nt ti:(> circulation last October was iiove the average of tlie previous six years, or 24 per cent, of an increase. It is evident that tlie :\IcKiiiIey tailff has done Canadian farmers no harm, \\niy V Sinipiy l>ecanse we have s(»ught for other m!irli.ets and have ,)een snccessfi;], and have found these markets were px-orttuble. less liable to interference and with better prospect of fn- tiu-a growth. (Hear, liejir • TIIK MARKETS WE HAVE SOITOHT are principally for food products ; our lum- ber and other products of the forest, the world newls and takes ; tliere is a constant demand for tliese. During 10 years. lS80-8!>, exports of forest proS(K),000 aliove the average. The(s«Hook aftei- tliemselves. So of the pnKlucts of om- mines. ( »ur aslH'stos is the best in the Wdvld. Our phosphate's are of tlie highest • pialitv. Our nickel will .soon be in the steel armor plates of the navi<^ of the Avorld. re- cent experiments in the Fnited States show- ing the immense value of nickel in the com- position of these armor plates. NOW OIK FAKM PHdHrcTS are linding th England. The points that Innibled our farmers when the McKhi- ley ftiiff came into force Avere barley, lambs. hor.ses and eggs, Th<^ general trend of our exports If agricultural products during 2r, years lias been increase hi exports to Eti- ropi and relat,i\e decrease in such exports to the T'nited States. That is «iuitt^ natural and irrespective of taritl's. In lS(iS we sent fiO.riO per cent, of our fjirm products to tlie T'nited Statt^s. and ,'54.01 per ci'ut, to <}reiit Britain. In 18!)0 we sent (M).OS per cent, to ffreat Britain, and 36.50 per cent, to the UnittMl States, as near a.s ixn^sible a complete reversal of the pf)sitioiis occui)ien going on for nearly a (piar- ter of a century. \\"\t\\ respect to barley, we set to work and grow two- rowed barley such as CaUfornia grows, and now we ap- peal in tliH English marUets a.s coinpetitoi-s of California, instead of suiiplying the east- ern and middle state.s. as we did. (Hear, hear.) We sent in 1S!)0 to F^ngland tive times the (piiuitlty of barley we did in ISSO, ■•iiid ver.\- much more in ISJH thau 1890— the rt'ports Iieing very favourable, and showing that our barley in England A\ill liaA'e the .sjiine superiority it has in the T^niteison we have sent three and one-half mil- hon dozen eggs To P^ngland. where in 1880 we sent about .'{.(XMl dozen. We liave sriiSTITl'lEI) MII.I.u.NS l,iK THOISANDS. (Heal, Iie.-ii.) The market for eggs in tJreat Britain is inunense. and actai.l experienco shows that we can jiut our eggs down at a lower rate of freiglit than France cam send tlii'in. We can. with our cooler northern route across th,* Atlantic, tran.sport them in the best condition. The market for hors<'s is iucrea.sing. We sent nearly ten times as many horses to England in IS'.H ;is we did in IS'.X.. They command a hitrher pric«' in Eng- land, and as s(h»ii as A\e raise Just the sorts of hors«> England wants we get still higlier prices. Tlu' day for the street car " screw "' is i»ast ; electricity h;is electrocuted them. The :\rcKiiiley tariff tinished what litth' life there was left, aii.l we are going in for bet- ter lior.-;es. (Ijuighter.i We did a larg<> trade in lambs with the I'nited States, and 11 mt. to tJio a complete 1 by those fann jtro- > a^Krt'Kato cts has in- ^he :Mc-K1ii- ;Mi-..NT down at a. I «11D Sfllll [• IK )rt,lu>ni rt theiu ill for h()rs<'s II times as ! we dill in *•«> in Eii;<- t ilic sorts 4ill lii;;lier r " screw " U'i\ tlieni. t littl»> life in for l»et- d a lavjro Uates, and nJce inicy foinl they were. The fanners thonf,'lit that trade Avoiild snrely Twl bad effects from the McKinley tailff. The lamb trade went i-ifjlit aloiiR, and in I'ertJi, when' the Consen-ative party lia swine more than we li.id in ISSit. With resi)ect to manufac- tures, the re<'ent census shows tliat the amount of capital lnveste per cent, as compared A\ith 10 yt\irs ago ; that tlie average artisan produces more and is p.iid more than he Avas 10 years ago. NoAV, gentlemen, let me remind von of a very imiiortiint poim Avhen you talk of the offers made by the Lil)erals of Canada and of those of the Conservatives. nuM-e is a great difference in the position of nu'ii in poAA'er and men in op[)osition, in men with the gnive re- sponsiliilities of oHice iind men liaving to answer onl.v for eacli of tliemsel\-es indiAidu- all.v and not l)ound li.v any of their jtntmises made in opposition, ^^'ith this rnith liefore your eyes. I can assert that if the Lilierals came into power tlie.A' would not glA'e moi'e to the Americans than Ave can, for this reason of state necessity, that if they did tliey could not carry on the Oovenmient of Canada for want of money. Canada has spent ."lo millions in improving her water AA'ays, l*Ml millions iy b'Uilding railroads, and many milliour-; in other public' Avorks. These expenditures C4>nstitute the public debt which is to be paid, and the tariff is looked to to supply the interest. The carr.Aing out of the Liberal platforju avouM mean the gi-eatest crisis th.'it Canada has cA-er st>en. The T.ilierals are too Avide aAvake not to see the breakers ahead of their poHcy, and they AvoiUd aA'oid them, but in the meantime if they can use the Americans to hoist them- selves into power they do not see Avliy they should not do it. The mirestricted reciprocity scheme Avill receiA'c its (piietus the very day the Lil)erals came into poAver. But I go further, and sivy that UNRESTRICTED RECII'ROCITY IS UV..\V. The more it is discussed the further off it swniis. An important letter by Hon. PidAA'ard Blake completely exhausts tlie question, and must prevent it from conthiuing to be the main plank of the Opposition platform. Katlier than foUoAV in its dangerous co;n-se, the party of wliich he has so long been a distinguished l(>ader, :Mr. Blake has chosen to abandon public, life altogether. \\'heii loyalty to The ceuntry prevails over loyalty to such close and long existing party ties, one is .jnstitied in feeUng rencAA'ed contideiice in the destiny o Canada. Sir. the discussion of that important topic, the commercial intercourse between Canada and the riiited States, has given rise to some otlier (pie.-^tioiis involving directly the na- tional existence of our country. Mrst, THK QUKSTION OK N'ATIONAI- INI)K1"KM>KN<'K. There ar(> tliost^ Avho say. and tlu-y are not far from telling the tnitli. that eveiy native born Canadian is Canadian tirst and last, and that every day the proportion of iiatiA-e- liorn (^aJiadians increases as against the native Britons formuig the Dominion. It is true, and I admit it. that eveiy Canadian Avants at maturity a country' of his oaa'ii to live for. to tiglit for. iind, if necessary, to die for. illear. liear. !iiid cluH^rs.) Noliody is so deaf to the teachings of histoiy as not to realize the natural fact that colonies, like shoots from tlu> parent tree, gradually but surely tend toAvards indepeiidi'iit life. Tht> only (piestion Is a (luestion of time. Tlie age of ma.jority for children has Ihh'II fixed by tlK' wise h'gislation of great men at ditferent ages for (hfferent countries or different pur- poses, :!n(l it greatly dejHMids njion the cir- cumstances in which a young man is situat- • .n 12 ed in relation to liis fatlier, eitlier ,f<>r tlie line of lousiness he pursues, the amount of interest he hius or the measure of lilK>rt>' he enjoj'S imder the protection of his father, lief ore he finds it useful and wise to ro into busin(>ss on liis o\nT accomit. Tliis is the A'ery ,i)i>sition of Canadians. Althoufih de- pendent on the mother cmuitry for our pro- tection anionji the other ntitions of the AV(>rld we are euJo.vinK a. ineasmv of political lil)ertj- wliich. Is KQnVAI.KNT TO INIIEI'ENOKNCK. (Hear, hear.) In that respect I fully agi'ee A\ith Jlr. I.,aurier, who said at Boston tlie othei day that : " England has gi-auted to Canada and to all her colftnies eveiy right, principle and pri- vilege wliich slie once refusetl. X(/wadays has lH»en realized the tnith proclaimed by Charles James Pox in the last centuiT. that the oidy method of keeping a British colony is to give power to govern themselves. So to-dtxy \the Biitisli (Tovermnent does not attempt to lay tiixes on us or force British goods into oin* i)oi'ts. We ai'e at tliis moment at Uberty, and we have the right to tax British goods and Biitish wares. With pride I say it. though Canada is stUl a colony, Canadii is free. The only tie that binds Canada to tlie motherland is Canada's ovra AAlIl." Aft^r admitting that there is in Canada at the present moment no desire for indei>end- ence, the Liberal leader says that he believes " that the time has come when the powers of selt-govennuent that we have are not ade- quate to our present dcA-elopment ; that we should l)e endowed wtli another i)ower, the poAvei of making our o\m commercial trea- ties." Here 1 must JOIN ISSCK WITH .MR. LAURIER, and I cannot do l)ettcr than to quote from the powei-ful contribution of your distin- guished fellow-countrynum. Mr. Andrew Car- negie, in one of the last numbers of the " Nineteenth Centuiy." Spealdng against the scheme of Imperial Federation, whioi has attracted so much attention in late years. ^li Carne'do says : " It .-^m-ely cannot have failed to attract the attention of iii(* members of the Imp(>rial FederatidU League that even Sir Jolui ^lac- donald. a uatiAe-born Briton. A\as force announcH that Caua\m. wh quoted IMt. Caniegie, ' England would be the centre. surrounded and sustjiined by an alliance, not only Avitli Canada, but \sr\\h Australia and all hei otliei possessions, and there would be thus formed an lniiiien.se confederation of freemen— the gi-eat/cst confetleracy of civilized and intelUgent men that e^-er had an existence on the face of the globe.' " Alliances, adds Mr. Caniegie. are made between independent nations. Sir Jolui must have also embrac*Hl the Repidilic, for this is nec^ssiiiy to make the gi-esitest conftxlei*- iicy of IntHllgent and chilizetl men. Sir .Tohn asserted the Indeiiendence of Canada to the fidlest extent, when he rt>centl.v com- manded liord Salisbuiy to tear up a treatj' which had been a^rreed upon by Sir JulliUi Pauncpfote and Secretaiy Blaine. Avitli Lord Salisburj-'s cordial approval, wliidi the Briti- l.sh (Tovemment had presumed to make witli- out consulting Canada." I do not A'ouch for the accuracy of Mr. Car- negie's representation of Sir John's views, but I behcA-e hi that mysterious and natural groAt'th of nations towards liidei)endeiioe, AA'hich alone can give them tlie full (hwelop- ment of their strength and resources. That sentiment does not exclude, in its patriotism the FILL EXKRCISK OF ALLEGIANCE AND LOVALTV. I am not prepared to say, with Mr. T.,aurier, that simple questions of tlscal policy, orcom- inercial treaties can bring the scA-erance of Canada from its connection wdtli Great Bri- tain, as it did bring It In your countiy In 1775. I again prefer the authority of Mr, Carnegie. AAiio writes thsit : '• It was not a (luestlou of tjixes that pro- duceil the independence of the United States, this Avas tho lnci(l(>ut only Avliich precipltate?loiy enough to cover tlie world {Loud cheers.) With such ft pnrentaKe, with such ti-iulition.^ ot courage, iof intelligence, of gloiy. are tlie Canadians to [be denied the noble ambition, the siu-e des- (tlny of being a i)tH)ple by themselves, AN INDEPENDENT NATION ? I do not doubt it more than I doubt iny i sincere allegiance to tlie constitution of m> lanmtiy and to my s«ivei'eign. But I do not Idoubt either tliat no power on earth will Iforcti me hito submission against my will or [agains my conscience. Against my vdU I would be made a slave, never a subject. ' And the hour has passed in the Ufe oH na- jtlons, and tlijit hour never came In tills free [continent otj America, Avhen free men cxmld jbe forced in to, another people's allegiance. I jknow tliat it has been sjiid and wTltten, botli I in this coimtiy iuid in ours, that the effect of the Alclvinley tariff Avill so cramp the trade land linanoes of the people of Canada that we \\'ill be compelled to seek annexation to [the I'nited States. Well, sir, I know the [feelings of our people, with whom I have [lived in constfint cxuumuniou of sentiment Idmlng the HO years of my poUticjil Ufe, and |I do not hesitate a moment to say that no [consideration of finance and titide am have [influence on the loyaltj' of the descendants I of the races of whom 1 spoke to you in the [opening of my address, or tend in the |sUght*»st degree to alienate tlieu* affections [from their comitiy. their institutions, tlieir JGovenimeut and their Queen. (Cheers.) If I anyone in tills meeting believes tiiat in refus- ing cx)mmerclal hitercourse to Canada Con- gress Avould undermhie the loyal feelings of our people, he is labouring under a delusion iiud doing an injustice to a i)eople whose SENTIMENT OF LOYALTY IS AS INDELIBLE ^as your own, and I cannot do better than [afHrm with moi-e energj% if it be possible, A\ith ^fr. Lamier. whnt he affinned the otlier (lay in Boston : " If such a boon as freedom oi' trade weret to lie purchaselenis. For my own part, I look to the future with hope and with security. Wltli Andrew Caniegle, "I would cheerfully set aside the scheme of Imperial Federation, the theory of an Empire Trade Lejigue to see realized the gi'and idea of a race aUianoa of all tlie coimtries blessed with the noble and ;free political Institutions which (ireat Britahi has de\ised for the good of humanitj', an alliance which Avould husten the day when one power would lie able to say to any nation tluit threatened to l)egin the murder of human beings in the name of war undei any pivtence : Hold ! I command you both ; the one that stirs makes me Ids foe. Unfold to me the cause of quan'el and I will judge lietnixt you. A Kriegsvereln with power so overAvhelming that Its exercise would never be necessaiy." Tliese are noble words from a noble heart, and I endorse them with the same entlius- itism as I endoi'se your oa\ti countiynian's conclusion : " Fate has given to Britain a great progeny an> no doubt but that the same sienti- nient of noble felloAVsliip which animates yo(U animates the great American nation. (Hear, hear.) I knoAV tliat such is tlie sentiment which ammates our people in Canathi. 1 am not here as a represeiitatiA-e of the Can- adiiui (lovenimeut. I have not and could not hiiA'e asked such a mission AA'hen I accepted your land socml invitation, but I must not forget and you aumot ignore that I am a meml)er of the House of Commons of Canada and that I have the right to couA'ey to you the expn^ssion of the good-AAill, of the heart- felt sjnupathy. and the offer of the AAidest possible measure of reciprocity in friendli- 14 11 uess and gotnl wishes from my Cauiidlau fellow-c'ouutrymeu. Yes. lu Canada we re- joice in your prosperity-, in yoiir majoiittcent development, in yonr patriotic love for your tluK, in yom- solution of some of the jjreat pix)l)lems thJit troubled your national exist- ence and in your assured hope of solving them all. But we are proud, too, of our own counti-y and our own flag, of the splendor and strength of our resoiu-ces, and of the well-nigh boimdless possibilities of our futiu-e gi-eatness. Even as you do, we love free histitutions ; these we liave. and they are the l)e8t suitetl to us and to the genius of our population. If you have a republic, we have a 'conimonwealth— "a croA;\nied republic," as it has been happily called. You are far ahead of us in point of numbers, but we know that our people live in peace and plenty no less than yours. (Hear, hear.) And it is our hope that Canada and the United States In friendly rivalrj-, in all the arts of i)eace, In all the marts of commerce, may go on through the ages to come, the happiness and prosperitj* of each acting as a stlnmlus to the l)est e?foits of tlie otlier, each working out a destiny of tlie brightest augmy, and so linked in the bonds of amity and loving kindness that they may be said, somewhat in the majestic words of Milton, " to progress through the gi-eat circles of revoMng cen- lau'ies, clasping hands with unfailing joy and bliss in overmeastu-e forever." (Jjoud and prolonged cheers.) (irentlemen, I thank yon for your kind In- vitation, for yoiu- corilial reception and for your patient attention. This ilay will re- main one of the brightest of my life and for it I will ever thank, and never forget " Providence." dted States in a of peace, in may go on Imppiupsa and a stimulus to L'li woi'liing out ipury, and so ;y and loAing I, somewhat in , " to progress revolving cen- iiillng joy and (Loud and your kind in- ption and for ilay will i"e- ly life and for never forget