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Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent la m^thode. 12 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSi and 'SO TGS'I CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ii 2.8 m L. 3.2 Bill 3.6 4.0 I 2.5 2.2 2£ 1.8 1.6 ^ APPLIED IM^GE inc 1653 East Main Street Roctiester, New York 14609 USA '-7 16) 482 - 0300 - Phone \7ir,) 288 - 5989 - Fov s §xmxB[\}uh c%!jaoi Scries. — •<>♦- M.AlS'NJN(rs CLASSIFIED SPELLER.! Jjy EDWARD MANNING, A. M. BOARD OF EDUCATION FOR NEW BRUNSWICK. SECOND EDITION, 'J:'vt,-!K]» ani> iMi'):ovri), -ooj«:;c - 1^ ^ U c. 3AINT J()J[N. N ]]. . !) AT Tin: "DAILY NEWS" DOOK AND JOB OFFICR. 1872. CI // / M J-' / " -.^ BO icto imitstoidi ^tljaal Series. -«o«- MANNLNG'S CLASSIFIED SPELLER,. BY EIDWARD MANNING, A. M. Prescribed by the BOAED OF EDTJCATIOMT FOR NEW BRUNSWICK. SECOND EDITION, K i: V 1 S E I) A X 1) r M !• li o V !■; I) , ^^»ic HAIXT .lOlTX, N. p,.: I'KTVTKT. AT TirK "l-AILV XKXVS - liuUK XSU JOU orrU'K. m-2. t^ ^t^p^ift^^^FF^^^r" iS'.=Snxon. r.=:Ci'ltic. X.::^Lutill. a.=Qi-eek. (7r/'.=Germatl. /,, 7^=Italian. J)(i }>.= Dnniah. V>.=« Dutch. ABBREVIATIONS USED. 7''.=zFronch. «/.=iioiin. ?'.=vt>rb. ^).=l)ronoun. f/.=;uljet'tive. «f^.=r=.idverb. J)'.=zi'r'nn. trh =r:v\lu'nce. iyz/.r^intransitivo, /;'.=tran8itive. r.r.=exuini)lo. ^;r.=pronouncetl. (.=joiiiparalive. 6.=:iupoi'lativp. N. B.—Tho small figures rcft-r to tho Hunts on pp. co 81, Z -^^'4 O, A C r EBUCATIOX OFFICE, ^ Pnnvi.vt'K OF Kkw JBkuxswick. ) Tho fioanl of Education, undov (ho autlioritj' of Thk Commox Scirooi, Act, IfiTl, has prc8cri.hed this edition of Manniiu/s Classified Sj^dlcr, us a text book for use in tho ScfuiKils of thiw Province, THEODOl^E n. RAKD, y ' Chief ^iipcrinto'dintt of Education, Entn^d iiccordintj t^' Act of I'urliatnent of Caiiiiflii, in the jear of our Lord One ThouKHiid E'ght Hundred and Sevent^- me, Bv KUWAIT) 1^rA■^■^'r^^fi, m thi» OB\ Cannon, a l)!:^ ;4x- uiaitk'. Candid,''''* open, sincere. Candied,''''" pri-derved witli migai". Carat, a Hinall woiglit (4 grs. Truv) Carrot, a vojfclublo. Caret, L., a mark in writing. Cast, tu throw, tu pour in anjould. Caste, F., a gocial rank, {enjMciallj/ in IndUi). C^de,'" to givf up. Seed, tho germ oF a plant. Ceiling,''^'-' the top of a room. Scaling, faetoning with wax. Castor, G., the beavor ; a kind of oil. Caster, one who castfl. Cell, a gmall room. Sell, to part with for nionoy, &o. Cellar, an underground room. Seller, one wiio selU. Cent,""" tt small coin. Sent, did te. v^or3e, ■ a cicaci bouy, [j^jodiv), a cLtiruvnidH, and is waid to do r/wres , •1 ■ -■ '■HWr-y-.-fC-'Vy '^'n^ _ (J CLASiS 1. 4^ Color, L., hue or tint, of boiUes. Culler, Olio who solectd. Collar,'"' a neck !),iiul. Choler,'" anger, n\.^L\ Complement,""'^ a t'uli quant il v. Compliment, /''., j) raise. Coral,"-'''" a. hard substance found in I lie ocean. ';,. a cattle fold {in S. /('. of I'. S/(it(.s). Cord, a small rope. Chord,'" the string of a musical instrument. Core,"^''' the inner part: the heart. Corps, /''., a body of troops. Coin, monev. Coigne, a \vi)uden v\edge. Quoin, a corner stone. Council,'^" an assenddv for deld)- eral ion. Counsel '" advice, direction. Cousin, F., the child of an uncle or lunit. Cozen, to cheat, to trick. Croak,""' to make a harsh noise, Cioek,''"' a snuill inlet or cove. Crews, the plural of crew. Cruise,"^" lo rove for plunder. Cruel, ''''■'■ inhuman. Crewel, a kind of yarn. Cygnet,'^"'' a young swan. Signet, ■'''"' a seal. Close,^^" to shut. Clothes, garments, dress. Cote, a cot, a fold for slieep. Coat, a garment. Coddling, parboiling, foolishly hidulging. Codling, a sort of apple, a younj.5 cod. Dam, a bank for water. Damn,**" to conilemn, hay, 24 hours; tile time of dav- Doy, a Moorish governor. Days, tlie plural of da//. Daze, to dazzle, to stupefy. Dear, costly. Deer, an animal. Desert.^'''' t(j forsake. Dessert,''"^ fruit after dinner. Dew, vapor falling al night, Dus,'""^ owing. Die, to expire. Dye, color, tinge, Discreet, '-'■' prudent. Discrate,''-'' distinct. Divisor,^'-'^ a term in arithmetic* Deviser,''^ an inventor. Doo, the female d..'er. Dough, unbaked bread. Does, the plural of «',> , Doze, to sleep liglitly. 4 4 I'AllONYMd. uv- A 4 Dram, a glass of liquor. Drachm, a small weight. Draft,^''' a bill of exchange. Draught,^"'' a drink, a current of air. Dun, a dull brown. '''^'' Done, past participle of do-. Dust, powder. Dost, tliou doest. j)ij.g^i3ji (]i.eadful. Dyer, one who djes. Dying, expiring. Dyeing, coloring. Ewe, a female sheep. You, the person spoken tO; Yew, an evergreen ti'ee. Ry6, tlve org.an of sigiit. I, myself. Aye, yes. Elision,'-*^" striking olT a vowel. Elysian, blissful, lieavenly. Fare,"''-^ the price of passage. air, beautiful. Fain, ad. gladly ; a. willing. Fane,'"'" a temple. Feign, '^"'^ to pretend. Forty, four tens. Forte, "^''^ loud {in inifiie). Faint, «eak. Feint,**'" a pretence. Faun, L., an ancient sylvan deity. Fawn, a young deer ; to caress. Feat,'*'''* an uohi^voment. Feet, the plural of foot-. Fellow, an associate. Felloe, the rim of a wheel. Flea,''" an insect. Flee,"" to hurry away. Floe, '■'•'' a mass of (lonting ice. Flow,^^-' to run as a liquid. Flour, -'^^ grain ground in a mill, Flower,^^' a blossom. Flue, a chimney. Flew,"" did fly. Fore, firat, forward. Four, twice two. Fort,^^^ a fortified place. Forte, "•''^^w hat one excels in. Forth, forward, out. Fouxth, next after the third. Foul, dirty. Fowl, a domestic bird. Frays, quarrels. Phrase,^' a part of a sentence, Franc,^" a French coin. Frank, '^" candid, free. Freeze, to congeal. Frieze, a part of an entablature. Fir, an evergreen tree. Fur, a covering of animals. Vlira flio l-ili!,.*,! rip ^>/r> j: , J ^. ... , Firs, Or trees. Furze, a prickly shrub. .■ :l>»» *s g!rfafe gka^«>;; jgs,i 8 CLASS I. Fungus, L., a muslii'oom. Fungous, spongy, like a fungus. Gage, F., a pledge. Gauge, to measure casks. Gate, a door. Gait,'"' the manner of walking. Gild, to cover witli gold. Guild, a trading company. Gilt, overlaid with gold. Guilt, sin. Glare, dazzling light. Ulair, the white of an egg. Gloze, to flatter. Glowe, shines with heat. Gneiss, Chr., a rock like granite. Nice, pleasant, fitting. Guest, a visitor. Guessed, did guess. Grate, a place for a fire. Great, large, noble, important. Grater, an instrument to grate with. Greater, more great. Greaves, armour for the legs. Grieves, does grieve. Grisly, dreadful, horrib!?. Grizzly,"^* grayish. ■Groan, to sigh as in pain. Grown, increased in size; become. Grocer,'-" a dealer in tea, sugar, &c. Grosser,'"^' more gross. Hale,"'" healthy. Hail, frozen drops of rail.. Hair, a growth on the head or chin. Hare, a quadruped. Hall,**"^ a large room. Haul, to pull, to draw. Hart, a male (\G(}r, or Ptag. Heart, an organ of the bodv. Hay, dried grass. Hey! an exclamation. Heal,='*^to cure. Heel, the hind part of the foot. He'll, he will. Hear, to perceive by the eav. Here, in this place. Herd, a number of beasts together. Heard, did liear. Hew, to cut with an axe. Hue, a color. Hie, to go in hasto. High, not low, elevated. Him, a pronoun. Hymn,'''^-" a sacred song. Hire, wages. Higher, more high. Hoard, a store laid up. Horde, a band, a tribe. Hole, a cavity. Whole,""^ n. all ; a. total. Home,"'"''^ one's house or country. Holm, the evergreen oak. i 1 PARONYMS. ii I; Hoop, a band round a cask. Whoop, a loud cry, a shout. V -rjo'i ^\^^ 24th part of a day, V 1 . belonging to ua. In, not without. Inn, a tavern. Indict."' to charge with a offence. Indite."' to compose, to dictate. Invade,'**^ to enter as a foe. Inveighed,'^'**' reproached. Isle,'^'" an island. Aisle, '^^' a wing of a church. rU, I will. Jam, a conserve of fruit. Jamb, F., a support. Just,""^ a. rightful ; ad. exactly. Joust, a tournament. Kernel, the meat of a nut. Colonel,"^" a military title. Key, that which moves a bolt.^"' Quay, a mole, a wharf. Kill, to deprive of life. Kiln, a sort of furnace. Knit, to weave with a needle. Nit, tlie egg of an insect. Knave, a rogue. Nave a part of a church. Knew -''' did know. Gnu, an AjVican autelooe. New, nut old, fresh. Knot, a part which is tied, Not. a word of denial. Know,''"'' to have knowledge. No, (I. not any ; ad. nay. La ! an interjection. Law, "^'' a rule of action. Lac, a kind of reiin. Lack, want. Lacks, does lack, wants. Lax,"^' loose, not exact. Lade, to load, to freight, Laid,'^'' placed or deposited, Lair,''"^' a beast's couch. Layer,'^"' a bed or stratum. Lane, a narrow street. Lain,'-'* past part, of lie. Laps, lies over the edge. Lapse'""'^ course, flow. Leech, a eniall bloodsucker. Leach, to cause water to pass through ashes. Led, did lead. Lead, a heavy metal. Leaf, an organ of a plant. Lief, willingly. Leek, a kind of onion. Leak, to run througli, or lot water througli. Lee, the sheltered side: a shelter,. Lea,'*"' a meadow. Lees, dregs. Lease, to glean. Lessen, to make lees. Lesson S.11 task. g">gSl'7fc.y.^3S*.~ ~ 10 CLAdS I. Levee,"'**''^ a inoniingiiHsembluf^c, an ciiibatikiuoiit. Levy,^''2 to raise, to ccjllect. Lie, a falseliood. Lye, a solution of potash. Limb, a branch, a membei'. Li..in,*" to paint. Liixks, the phiral of link. Lynx, L., an animal of (he cat kind. Lion,2**9 an animal. Lien, /<'., u tie, a claim. tiiar, one who tells lies. I,yj,Q_7oo .^ ,„,isif.yi inslrument. Lier, one who lies down. Load, a burden, a freight. Lode, a mineral vein. Lowed, bellowed. Loch, a Scotcli lake or estuai'y. Loiigh, an Irish lake or estuain. Look, a fastening for doors, I'^e. Lou solitary. Loan, sometliing lent. iWade, formed. Maid, an unmarried woman. Male,'^°'^ masculine. Mail, a bag of letters, armour. Mall, a njallet. See ^iii. Maul, to beat, to bruise. Mane, hair on the neck of a horse. Main,'^"" principal. Manor, b'.. a domain, a district. Manner.*"'^ waj or metliod. Mantel,'"' the chimney piece. Mantle,"" a cloak. Mark, a sign. Marque. /"'., license for priva- Leering. Martin, a kind of swallow. Marten, a weasel. Mare,''''^ a female horse, Mayor, F., a chief magistrate. Marshal, /:, a higli odlcer. Martial, warlike. ^latrice,"'-^' the mould of a coin. Mattress, a bed. Maze, perplexity. Maize, Indian corn. Meed, a reward. Mead, a meadow. Mean. base, contemptible. Mien, air, look, manner. Metal,^"'^ a mineral ; as gold, ki- Mettle,'"'* spirit. Mete. lOlJ I limit : to measure, Meat, llesh for food. iWeet, fit, propel". Meter. ^"'•' a measurer. Metro,'"''^ tlie measure of ver-se. Minor, ■'"" a worker in mines. Minor, '"'''' less; one underage. Mist, fog. Missed, did miss. Mite, a small insect. Might,'^"" power, stren|ifth. ] 41 ^k- *'»%.,. rsG. I 4 Wk' i PARONYMS. 11 . Mo&n, to lamont, to grieve. Mown, cut with a scythe. Mote, a small particle. Moat, a ditch or trench. Mucus, //., liny slimy liquor. Mucous, slimy. Mule, Hii animal. Mewl, to i-ry as a child. Nay, no. Neigh, to cry as a horse. Need. want. Knead, to precis, a? doiij^h. Night, the lime of darkness. Knight, a title of honor, Won^. not one, Nun, a \M)Miaii devoted to con- vent, life. Oar, an iinplcuient to row with. er. over. Ore. metal befon' it i.-^ smelted, Ode.'^'^' a poem suited for music. Owed, did owe. One, single : a unit. Won, did win, gained, *^I or Oh!, an interjection. Owe, to be indeb'eJ. Otter, ;i (piadruped tiiat pr^ys on lish. Ottar, or Attar, oil of roses. Packed, pre-ised together. Paot^^'" an argument. Palate,'*'' the roof of the mouth. Pallet, a straw bed. Palette, F., a painter's nii.Kin{( card. Pale,^'' wan. Pail, a vessel for water. Pane,''*'* a scpiare of glass, Pain,^"* distress, suft'ering. Pair.'^^Uwoofakind. Pare, to peel. Pear, a fruit. Pause, '^•^ to stop. Paws, the feet of a beast. Peace, ''^■* tranquility, rest. Piece, F., a portion, Peak,'^" a point. Pique, /''., a grudge. Peel, the rind of any thing. Peal, a l(;ud noise. Pearl, a gem. Purl, to How with a geut le sound, pggj. 100.^ .^ nobleman. Pier,^*' a reole. Pendant,"'"* a jewel for the ear. Pendant, "'"* hanging. Place, /',, situation, Plaioe,"''^ a sort of flat fish. Plane,''"'' level, even. Plain, ■"^" clear, evident ; a flat country. FIate."^-'aflat dish. Plait.'^'-'' ii f„Ul or braid. ■ t i « iiiiia »-> . m . . - . ,'i«. ,.-. M i nr»: , . „ t,c3A '^ "-Vr-W ^'i M ' 1 CLASS I. J, Plum, a li'uil. Plumb,'"" pcrpendic'iilar. Pole,^''' a long Btiiko. Poll, llie head. PopiUoaa/^'^ full of people. Populace, ^•"^ the coinmon ])e(jplc. Pore,'"* a minute bole, (us in the skin.) Pour, t(j let out, to empty. Practice. **'^^ a Imbit. Practise."'^''* to do habituallv. Pray,'-''^ to make a petition. pj.gy 6:jh fQ fppjj i^y violence,'^''-* to plundei". fraise, coiumendation, applauee. Prays, beseeclies, entreats. Preys, seizes, plunders. Primmer, eouip.-u-alive of j7;-//«. Primer. '"^'^ a first book. Princip-.l, ■'''■■' eliief. Principle/'"* a rule, an eleuK^it. Prize, '^^ a reward. Pries, does pry, inspects. Prophet,*^'* ono who foretella. Profit, ^''^ gain, advantago. Quarts ""•* tlie plural of qiuirf. Quartz, G,. ., rock-cr\6tal. Rabbit, a rodenl'^'' animal. Eabbet. ;i groove in the edge of a board. Hack, to torturo. Wreck, ruin : a- soi-t of soaweed. Eain, water from the clouds. Eoin, a part of a bridle. Eeign,"^ royal authority, Rap, to strike quickly. Wrap, to enfold. Eaise. to lift. Eaze,*""^ to domolisn. Eays,"'^^ beaiuB of ligiit. Eed, a color, Eead, perused. ileed. a plant. Bead, to jierut^e. Ecek, to t^muke, to steam. Wreak, to inflict violence. Eest,'"^ cessation from labor, Wrest, to take by force. ' Ehoum,'*''^afhin fluid. Eoom, an apartment, Ehyme, likeness of sound in verse, Eime, lu.ar frost. Eigger. ono \\ho rig(< a ship. Rigor,^^'" severity, stiffness. Eight.-'"^ nut wrong, jusl. Rite '^'* a religious ceremony, Wright, a workman. Write, to express by lellers, 'Ring, a circular figure, Wring, to twist. Eode. did ride. Eoad, a public highway. Rowed, did i-ow. ^/ i i I icU. 4 or, 1 verse, riiiv, .^.i- \\ rAKONYMS. lo Roe, tho Fpawn of fishes: u Biuall kind of deer. Row, to impel by oars. Rood, tlie t'ourth of an aero. Rude,'"^'^ coarse in manners. Root, part of a plant. Route, /''., way, road. Rose,'^''" a flower. Roos, the plural of /v/c. Rows, I'anks, lines. Rote,**^^ repetition. Wrote, did write. Rough, not smooth. Ruff, a plaited collar. Rimg, participle of riiiq. Wrung, participle of vrliiq. Rye, a kind of grain. Wry, crooked. Sailer, any t h ing that sai Is or floats. Sailor, a seaman. Sale, the act of selling. Sail, to be moved by sails. Scene, ^'^•^ a place, a view. Seen, beheld. Seine, a iishing net. Skull, ''•••^ the case of the brain. Scull, to impel a boat. See, fo perceive by the eye. Sea, the ocean. Seam, a line joined by sewiiip. Seem, to appenr. Sees, does see. Seize, to lay hold on. Seignior.'-'"' a title. Senior,'-'"* older: an older person. Serf,'*^'' a slave. Surf, the swell of the aea Surge, ■'"'- a great vvavt'. Serge, a woollen stuff. Sheer, '•. to turn as^ide : a. pure Shear, "•'^ to cut with shearf. Shock. concus!«ion. Shough, a shaggy dog. Side, the edge. Sighed, did sigh. Sine,^'" a geometrical lin(>. Sign,'''''" a symbol, an oiui'ii. Sit, to rest. Cit 330 a citizen. Siay,«-«-» to kill, to butcher. Sleigh, a vehicle with runnern. Sley,'^'"' a weaver's rued. Slight, inconsiderable, slender. Sleight,"" a trick by the hi.nd. Slow, not cpwck. Sioe, a small plum. Slue, to turn Slew, did Siay. So. to such a degree ; thus. Sow, to scatter seed. Sew, to join by the needle. Soar, to fly aloft. Sore, teud'M' or p-i^''"'. iaai'.jii-iE?*:j 14 < i..\ns I, I Soared, did soar. 4woid, a weapon. Sold, did sell. Soled,"" did solo. Sole, '"29 single, only. Soul, the spirit. Some, a part, several. Sum, '"="•* the total. Son, a male ebild. Sun, the source*"* of light. Staid, steady. Stayed, remained. Stationary, "^'^ still, immovable. Stationery, '"'* writing matorials. Stair, ''"9 one of a flight of steps. Stare, to gaze. Stake. "'^^ a stick, a wager. Steak,^*^ a slice of meat . Steel, refined iron. Steal, to take unlawfully. Step, one move of the foot. Steppe, a Russian plain. Stile,*^" a set of steps over a fence. Style,**'" manner of writing. Strait, a narrow channel, a difH- culty. Straight,®'' not crooked, Straiten, to distress, to contract. Straighten, to make straight, Sucker, a ehoot. Succour.'''* h(»lp, Suite, /''..a train of followci-w. Sweet, tuHtiui; like sugar. Symbol,'*'" a tign, a tyjie. Cymbal, """ a musical instrument. Tacked, slightly fastened. Tact,'^^ ready talent, skill. Tacks, the ])lural of fack. Tax,^"' an impost. Tale, a story. Tail, the hinder part of an animal. Tapir, a S. American aninuil. Taper, a candle. Tare, an allowance in weight ; a weed. Tear, to pull in pieces. Teem, to be full. Team, horses or oxen drawing the same load. Tear, water from the eye. Tier,***' a row. Their, belonging to them, There, in that place, They're, they ai-e. Threw, did throw, cast. Through, from end to end, Throe, a great pain ; a tlirob. Throw, to fling. Throne,*^' a chair of state. Thrown, cast, flung. Tide.'^'" the ebb and flow of 1h« sea. Tied, did tie, united. ! PARONYMS. }if<. iixient. n M liiiial. 1. lif ; a ig the f (lie W*- i. **Cavan, an Irish county. Cdin, Abel's brothoi*. ] (Du)Quesne,a Krcnch Canadian i governor. J Cyprus, a Mediterranean island. fJher, a French river. Cowes, a town in the I. of Wight. Cortez, the conqueror of Mexico. Dane, a man of Denmark. Doubs, a French river. Eme, an Irish lake and river. EiTiest, a man's name. Forth, a Scotch river. Foyle, an Irish estuary. Finn, a native of Finland. Frise, belonging to Friesland in Holland. Gaul, the old name of France ; a Frenchman. (St.) Goar, a Swiss city. Gibbon, an English infidel his- torian. Greece, a country in Europe. (De) Grasse, a French admiral. Handel, a great German musician. Hawke, an Finglish admiral. Hyde, an English surname. Holy I„ an Island off Nortlunn- borland : also one off Anglesea. Hartz, a German mountain j'ango. Hugh, a roan's name, Jane, a woman's name. Jewry, Judah: a Jewish quarter of a town, cavern, ***" a cave. caue,'^* a reed. cypress, a tree, named from thia island. ehare,^*^ a part allotted. cows, the plural of cow. Cortes, the Spanish parliament. deign,'"* to condescend. do, to perform. earn, to work for. earnest, serious. fourth, next after the third. foil, to batlle or defeat."^ fin, an organ of motion in fish. freeze, to congeal''^'^ with cold. gall, bile, bitterness. gore, clotted blood. gibbon, the long armed Malay apo grease, fat. grass, the herbage of the field. handle, to take in the hand. hawk, a bird of prey. hide, to conceal. holly,'''*^ a shrub long coinieofcod with Christmas foBtivities. hearts, the plural of kcart, hew, to cut down. jean, a cotton stuff. See p. 150. jury,''"^ tlip jiKlges of evidence in a law case. Those marked * are not prononncefl eractli/ ttiika. 2 18 (LASS II. Juvenal, u I.iUiii autlior. Kiel, ii Prussian port. Knox, the fjreat Scotch roformor Kant, a Ocniian ])hilo8ophi'r. Lyons, a great Froiich city. *Lettice, a womau's uaiue. Leeds, an English city. Leigh, a Christian Tiimic. Lapp, a native of Lapland. Lent, a ("hurch fast. Lock'^. an En;jjli3li jihilosopher. 'Mc) Leod, a Scotch clan, (Mc) Lean, another Scotch clan. Maese, 1 n i • „ Ml Belgian rivor. Meuse, J ° Maine, a Gorman rivor American state. Metz, a French fortress. Mede, a nat ive of Media. Menai, a \\'ebh strait. Neagh, a large Irish lake. 1 Ney, one of Napoleon's iiiar- slials. J Kice, a port in S. France. Oder, a Prussiiin river. Origen, one of the Greek fattier^. Oiise, an English river. Paine, an English infidel writer. Pesth, a Hungarian writer. Pallas, tlie ancient goddess of wisdom. Peter, a man's laame. Pascal, ftFi-eiick relii;iou.s writer- Pole, a native of Poland. Penn. tliw rounder of Pennvslvania Pitt, u ;^.it l^'nglieh ttiter-miin. Jiit. a hole. juvenile, '""' young; a ycmth, keel, the hottom of a ship, knocks, the plural of /cnuc/i. cant, affected speech. lions, the plural of lion, lettuce,*'' a salad lierh. loads, conducts. lea,''-^ a meadow. lap, to lick up. leant, did lean. lock, a fastening of a tlocr. loud, noisy. lane, a narrow road. maze, a puzzle, muse,'"'^ to think, to meditate. an main,"'^"'^ principal. mace, tiiewrappingof thenutuieg. mead, a uAcaduw. many, not few. nay, no. niece, 1''., a brollier's or sister's daughter. odor,^' a smell. origin,^'^' the beginning or source. oozo, to exude. '^ pain, bodily or mental trouble, pest,*'** a plague, palace, a prince's house. petre,'''^'^ in [ho wovd sc/fjirh-': paschal.'-"' belonging to the passovcM". poll, the head, penn.'*''''' a wri'lni;' iuiitrnMieut. I '^9i^ ki «% w '**/ I' A IRONY MS. 19 4» itf. ■AWJi. ster a lurcu. hi*-. Ll.u H(. '"'-'Philip,'"'* tt rnim'a jiamo. Pilate, I lie Itoiimn i^ovcM'iioi" wlii> clelivcnMl our Lord to bo cnicined. Platte, a Ipibiitary of the Mis- souri. Philippine, (Is.) S. !']. of Astiii. Porte, tlio 'i'uriiitili Court. Paul, H DiJiirs uaiue. Eydo, Ji port, in tUo I. of Wi<>;lil. Rhodes,-''" a]\lL'ditcrriinoan island Rome, iin llfilijui city. Ree, or Rea, an Irish lake, Rooke, an English admiral. Rhoue, a Frenc-h river. Save, a tributary of the Danubo. Skye. a 5-cattish island. Scilly Islands, off Cornwall. Snindo, a province of India. Suir. an Irisli river. Stirling, a .Seotcii fortress and town. Styx, a fabled river of hell. Seine, a Freneii river. Sion, a Scrijjturc mountain. *Seveni, a Welsh river. Tyne, an iCnglish rivur. Tees, an English river. Tighe, an Irish surname. Tyre, a town in Hyria. Uist, a Seottirih island. Venus, the ancient goddess of beauty. Walee, apart of (uwit IJritain. Wetor, a Swedish lake. Wey, .m Englibh river. Wolfe, the conqueror of Quebec. fillip,a jerk with linger and thiiHib. pilot, o!io wlio directs a ship's course. : fr. F, plat,'^'** to weavo or braid ; a j>/o^ of ground, philopoene,*'" a love forfeit, port, lo harbour. pall, to cloy. ride, to go on liorHebuck, roads, pailiH. roam, to wander, ray,'""* a beam of light. rook, a bird. roan, brownisli reri. salve, ""^ ointment, sky, the heaven, silly, foolish, sinned, did sin, errod. sure,"'" certain, storling, n. English money : a. genuine, real, sticks, pieces of v^-ood. sane,""^ sound in mind, scion, /''., a shoot, seven, a number, tine, the pnjiig of a fork. tease, t» vex. tie, to fasten. tire, to weary, wist,'-^' to know, veuoiis," belonging to the riin.i. wails, lament, ci-ie?. wetter, the comparative of wy/. way, method, direction. wolf, a beast of prey. 20 CLASS III. Woald,^'' tlie iipliind S. E. ol wiold, to manage, to gov«rti. London. *WhJ|?.:inKngliBli political party, wig, lalHoliair. »Wy». » beautiful VVc'lwli rivor. why, t)CcaviBo. Watt, tljw wrento? of tlio steum wot, to know, {now dinimcl), engine. CLASS Illr-IirERFECT i ARONYMS. Words pronounced somewhat simihirl^, und therefore oftc'ii m'mqrplied. Ay or Aye, {eye), yes. Adherence,"''' attaclmient to, Aye, (., fwleuf. Gorilla, a large Afi-ican ape. Guerilla, Sp., a partisan or irregidar soldier. Heron, F., a bird. Herring, ^'^ a fish. Holy 1247 sacred. "WaoUy, 2'" entirely. Idle, lazy, Idol,^^' an imase for worship. Idyl,*** a pastoral poem. Impostor,^^'' a cheat. Imposture, cheating, deceit. Im'potent,-"' powerless. Im'pudent, '■*"'^' shameless. Ingenious,^-'''' clever. Ingenuous, frank, open. Laud,'-'- to praise. Lord, a title. Lie,'^^ ('•, hit.), to recline. Lay, (v. t, ')if<.), to put down Least, smallest. Lest, for fear that. Lineament, '^^ a feature. Liniment, ointTuent. Z. Hnerc, to anoint. Lose, to suffer loss. Loose, untied, slack. Larva, L., the grub of an insoel,. Lava,*'*'' molten volcanic rock. Missal,"" the mass book- Missile, a weapon which, is thrown. Monetary, '•*"' relating to money. Monitory, admonishing. ^ ■f'-K '^^t-nV., J^ IMPERFECT PARONYMS. 1^^- Naughty, b;v(l. Knotty, i'tiU of knots. Oracle,*' a source of advioe. Auricle,'"'' an ear, an opening. Ordinance,'''^'' a command. Ordnanco, cannon: ./>. /''. Pampers, feeds luxuriously, in- dulges. Pampas, tlie grassy plains of """JJuenus Ay res.-*'" ^srtiti&n."^'*^ a fence or wall. Petition, '^»'* a request. Pastor,^''^ a she^pherd, a clergy- man. Pasture, grazing ground, grass. Pillar,'''* a column. Pillow,^" a rest for the bead Avliilo sleeping. Plaintiif," one who brings a law- suit. Plaintive, mournful. Prec'edent,'^' (<■) mi example. President,"" (c) one wlio presides. Presence,'^' the being present. Presents, ''■^'- gifts. Patience,''*"^ forbearance. Patients, sick persons. Pistil, F., a part of a flower. Pistol, a small gun. See p. I.IG. Preposi^'ion,^"'* a part of speech. Proposition, a proposal. Prophesy,"'* (.si) to foretell. Prophecy; (ct) something foretold. Radish,^'"^ a garden vegetable. Eeddish, somewhat red. Racer, a race horse. Razor,"^' an instrument for siuiving. Rents, the plural of rent. Rinse, to wash out. Relic,'°"* something remaining. Relict, a widow. Rise, {v. inf.) to get up. Raise, (/<. i/\), to cause to rise. Rot, to putrefy. Wrought, worked. Route, F,, direction, way. Rout, defeat. Ruse, F., a trick. Rues, does repent. Signal,'^" to make signals. Signalize to make celebrated. Shown, (o) did show. Shone, {6) did siiine. Salary,'"* wages. Celery, a vegetable : /)'. F. Sit, (''. in/.), to be in a sitting IDOsturc. Set, ('■. fr.) to place. Sink, to descend. Zinc, Gcr., a motal. Sculptor,^'*'^onewhocutssLoTie. iS:c. Sculpture, something cut in stone, &e. Soar, to fly aloft. Sower, one who sows seed. m CLASS III. 1 Spacious, ^■^" roomy. Specious,'*' plan si bio. Species, L., sort, liind. Specie, coined mouoy. Statute,'**^ an ostablishod law. Statue, an iiuago set up. Stature, height in standing. Stra'ta,^-*^' bods of rock. Straighter, less crooked. Surplice." a priestly white robe. Surplus, "^^'' something over. Sooth, n, truth : a. true, pleasing. Soothe, toealiu, flatter, or allay. Tour, F., a journey. Tower. "^^'^ a castle. Tract,''''' a region. Track, to trace by tlie footsteps. Turban, an Eastern head dress. Turbine, a water wheel : Jr. L. Wary,''""''' cautious. Weary, tired. Wicked, sinful. Wicket, a small gate. Ware, merchandise. Where? in what place. Weak, f(\'lvle. Wick, a part of a candle. *'°'' Weal, welfare. Wheel, a part cf a vehicle. Weigh, to find the weight. Whey, sour milk. Wet, moist. Whet, to sharpen. Wencb, a sei-vant maid. Winch, a bent handle for turning a wheel. Wight, a person. White, a color. Wile, a trick. While, to beguile away. Win, to gain. Whin, gorse, furze, {gin. plurdlj. Wine, the fermented juice of th^ grape. ''^^ Whine, to cry like a dog. Wist,'2«i to know. Whist, a game of cards. Witch, a woman with superna- tural powers. Wfiiftfe 1 which one ? V/ith, {th soft), a preposition. Withe, (^ihhard), a band of twigs. Wither, to fade. Wliither ? to what ]>laco ? Whether, a conjunction. Weather, state of the atmosphere. Wen, an excrescence oi; the skin. When ? at what lin>e V Ye, you. Yea, ves. m «»^ ■ **^,-. 1 HOMONYMS. 05 CLASS lY.-IIOMONYMS. Liiniing ti oi' th<3' uperna-i Lion, 'f tvvigBi »«f>*^ >sphe)re< oskin. iloin'ovyms arc. unjnU s^j^clt and jifonoiineid (dike, hut dijlcrivf in '/urn id ii (J. Tiny are cithr frum dUfirent rooffi, as shown in List II ; or' hind ijleat ions of some prirDifivc sense of the word, as shnt'ti in English Etyvioloeiij, Class VIII. Those onl// are given in the following list, which are not obviously to be referred to either of the othr lists. LIST I. n. Deportment. Clevernees. Super Address,""'' v. To s])eak to. Kcriptiou. A speeeh. Air,'*'*^ n. What we breathe. A tune. Carriage, or manner. Ash, n. A kind of tree. That which remains ot tlie fire, Ball,'*^' n. A I'oiuid thing. A dancing assembly. Bank,*'*^ n. A heap of earth. A place to store and deal in money. Bark, The noise of a dog. The covering of a tree. A ship. Beam, n. A large stick of timber. A ray of light. Bear,"'"- v. To carry. To endure, n, A wild beast. Beetle,^''' i\ To overhang, n. An insect. A heavy mallt-t. Bill, /(. A bird's beak, An axe. x\. document. Billet, F., n. A log. A small document or note. Bit, ''. iJid bite. A snuill piece, a bite. Board,"'*'' v. To have meals for a price, n. A thin plank. Boot, n. A covering for tlie leg. Advantage. Bound,^'^ V. Did bind. n. A leap. A limit. Bo-wl, ''. To roll. n. A ball. A round vessel. Bore, ('. To drill. To annoy. The past of hear. n. A sudden and great rise of the tide, as at the head of the Eay of Fundy. Brazier, /;. a worker in brctss. A pan for coals. Brook. ". To endure an insult, n. A small stream. Bugle,'-^ A hunting horn. A long bead. Butt, 0. to st.-ike with the head. n. A cask. A target. Calf, n. The voiinij of the ox kind. Part of the icir. Oan,-''^ i\ Is able, n, A metal fessel. 26 CLVSS IV -1 V ^ Capo,'" -7. A. hoiidl.uul. The part (jT a gjinnoiit which envoi-!; tin* hoiid or iicfk. Caper. '^^ v. To Iwip and fi-isk. n. A pifklo. Card,^'*' I'. To comb wool. n. Stiff paper. Cast,""" To thrnv as in a luould. n. A moulded shape. Cataract. '■^'^ ». A cascade. A disease of the eye. Charge, P'., n. Caro or guidance. An n,:'cusation. Cost. Attack. Clove,"'*- V. Past of di-avc, (to split), n. An Ea'»tcrn spice. Club, i\ To subscribe together, n. A thick stick. An association. Cockle, n. A shell fish. A weed among corn. Commit,"*''* v. To entrust. To do {in a had scnxr). To send to jail. Cow. v. To terrify or overawe, n. An anitnal. Court, '^"•' )\ To woo. n. A royal houseliold. A space enclosed by buildings. An assemblage of judges. Crab, ji. A shell fi^li. A. small sour apple. Craft, )i. Cunning. Trade. A small vessel. Cross,*'" I'. To trouble or vex. a. Peevish, n. A shape made by intersecting lines. Trouble. Cro-vV, n. A bird. A crovjhnx'. The note of tlic cock, Dear. o. IJeioved. Precious. Costly. Deck,''"'" ('. To drese, to adorn, n. The floor of a ship. Die, f\ To expire, v. A stamp. A cube. Bock, >\ To cut off. ;/. An enelo'sed place for ships ; also one in a court of law. A weesl. Draw."^^ /'. To drag. To tak^^ from a cask. To pourtray. Drill,"^' V, To bore. To exercise soldiers, n. A kind of baboon, ,5)rug, '"'"'' 11. A medicine. Any thing hanging on the seller's hands. Duck, i\ To dive, or to put under water. «. A bird. A li)ien ialii-ic. Dun, V. To ask payment often, a. J)ull brown.''-" Ear, «. The organ of hearing. A stalk of wheat, ifcc. Ellipsis,""" V. An omission of words. An oval.^' Engross,"'"'* r. 'J'o take the whole. To write in a lawyer's hand. Entertain,"^' >\ To keep (an idea, or a guest). Ti> amuse. Exact, '^'''' V. To force from an unwilling person, a. Correct. Express."^** v To declare. To squeeze out. To send off speedily. *(.iv.'iii'iMllv written rllif.tut, wlu'ii usmI in tliis sen--*'. '.*»», flOMONVMS. i>- covci's tbo Attack . jciation. 1(1 to jail, nclosed by ! iiiailc by 30 0110 111 a laboon, s liaiuls. iHMi i'liliric. hand. ?ct. peedily. jL are UJV Price ol" ))asy:igo. I T® bo in any slate, to bo treated. l'"()0(l. Fast, '.'. To abstain from Hjod. a. Xot loosp. Quifk. Fawn, v. To hang about I'ondly or blavislily. n. Tlie young of the deer. Fellow, n. An asseciato, a match. A clown. Figure,'^''- r. To appear. To i-cpresent. «. A shape. A ininibrtr. File, ''*•"' n, A rasp. A thread to etring papers on. Firm,'"*^ a. Strong, steady. /?. A ti-ading company. Fit. V. To suit. a. Proper. //. A s-pasm"'''^ or attack. Flock, n. A number of sheep or birds. A lock of wool. Fold, I'. To double up. n. An enclosure for sheep, &c. Foot, >i. That on wliich a body stands. The lowest part. lU inches For, prrp. Instead of, with regard to. con. Because. Founder,'"'' v. To go to the bottom. ?;. One who founds. Fret,""'^ ?'. To grieve. To wear by rubbing. ii. An ornamont iu a.rcliili'('' uro. Fry, V. To cook in a frying pan. ?;. The young of fish. Gall, r, To chafe, irritate, or harass, n. The bile. A vegetable excrescence. Gloss, n. Lustre. An explanatory note. Goro. r. To tear with the horns, v. Clotted blood. Grain,^^'^ 9/. Corn, A small particle. Textui-o or composition. Grate, v. To rasp. To make a (jraiing noise, n. A range of bars. Grateful, a. Thankful. Pleasing. L. Grctu-'*, pleasant. Graze, v. To feed on (jn/.-i.^. To touch sliglitly. Green, a. Of the color of grass. Unripe, v. A grassy plain. Gross, Past of grhid. n. Earth. The foundation or reason. Gum, n. The flesh round a tooth. A sticky substance. Habit,'''*'^ n. Custom. Dress. State of the body, constitution. HaU, I'. To salute, or wisli health, n. Frozen rain. Hamper, v. To <-log or hinder, n. A packing basket. Help, i'. Toassist. To prevent, avoid. ??. A domestic servant (/« T. .S'.i Hide, V. To C(jii<'":il, n. The skin of a boast. Hop, V. To juiiij) with one foot. n. A plant. Hue. n. A color. A loud noise.* Hull, a. A husk. Tiie body of a ship. A port in Voi aire, liws. \n tliP ])ln-a^e " hue aiiil cry." S8 CLASS IV. Husband,*'* v. To epencl priidently. n, A married mnn, Instant,'^- a. Urgent, iniiiiediiito. v. "J'lie sliortest spiice of liiiic. Jar, II, An earthen vessel. A discord, or jarring sound, Just.*^"^ n. Fair, honorable, ad Exactly. Kind,-^' (I, Good natnred, n. Sort or epecies, Kite, ». A bird of prey. A toy. Lace, ^1. A knitted or woollen fabric, A string. Lake, //, Ked color. A A'ery large ))ond. Lap, ?'. To lick up. To fold over, it. The space fonned on the legs in sitting. Last, r. To continue, a. Latest, w. Tiio mould on which shoes are made. League,^"^ A treaty. Three miles. Lean, r. To incline, a. Thin. w. The fleshy part of meat. Leave, v. To quit or stop, n, Permission. Left, part. Not taken, a. Opposite of right : because the left luind is not so much used as the right. Let, V, Formerly, to hinder : now, to allow : to put out to hire. Link, n, A ring of a chain. A torch. Like, n. To love, or be pleased with, a, Resenibling."^' Lock, n. The fastening of a door, &e. A tuft. Mace, ??. An ornamental ofllcial staff. A spice. Mail, 1). Armor of defence. A post bag. Tribute. F. maiUe, Mangle, v. To smooth linen. To rend and bruise. Mast, Part of a ship. Acorns''''''' an-'', beech nuts, Match, n, A material for lighting with. An equal. A luarriage. A contest. Matter,^'" v. To be of importance, n. Mater led. Subject of discourse, Mead, -h, A meadow. Honey wine. Meal,''"** w. A repast. Flour ground in a mill. Meet, V. To come together, a. Proper, n, A place H'here hunters meet. Minute,*'^^*^ n. A short space of time. A short note. Mcle, n, A small animal. A soft wart. A bank. L, molet^, a mass. Moor, V. To fasten a ship by ropes, &c. «. A fen. A native of Morocco. Mortar, «. A vessel in which things are pounded. Cement. A wide cannon. /''. 'nwrtlcre. **> '-'"mmm^^ f time. in the k'Ka eliocs are lel't liand hire. lilk; iiuirria''e. discourBC. ■e hunters r.v', a niasf. native of t. A wide HOMONYMS. 5^9 >*> Must, ''. Ib bound by necessity, n. Unferraented liquor, Nail, n. Part of the fingers and toes. A metal spike. 2^ inches. Nap, n, A. short sleep. The down on cloth. Nervous, a. Strcjug. Weak in the nerves. L. ncrrci, a ncrvo. No, (I. Not any. Tlie (ifhrrb of denial. Oblige,^"* r. To force, or bind. To do a favor for. Organ,*''^ H. A natural instrument of an animal or plant. A wind instruraent. Ounce, 7h A weight. A panther, a li/iur. Partial,'"*'^ a. Inclined to. Belonging to a port only, Paste, F., n. Dough. Mock jewellery. Patient, '^**'-' a. Suffering, persevering, n. A avfa-ing person. Peck, V. To jpick at with the beak, n, A quarter of a bushel, Peer, v. To peep. n. An equal. A nobleman.''^"* Pen, i\ To enclose, v, A writing tool. A wing.'^''' Pet, ». A little passionate outburst. A favorite. Pine, V, To langinsh. «. A tree. A pine apple. Pinion,^''^ r. To fasten the arras. ». A. wing. A tooth of a wheel. Pink, V, To pierce. «, A. flower. Rose color. Plato, iu AJhit dish. Vessels of the precious metals. Poach, V. To boil slightly. To take game imlawfully. Pollard, n. A topped tree. A mixture of meal and bran. Post,"*"'' I'. To travel quickly, or send off quickly. To copy iuto a ledger, ??, A stake. A messenger. An enjployiueiit. Tlio Post Office. Prefer, r. To choose rather. To advance. Prune, v To lop. v, A dried plum. F, Pump, /?. A dancing shoe. An engine for raising water. Punch."'"'' n, A tool for making holes. A mixed liquor. A cart horse, Pupil, n, a scholar. A part of the pye. Z., 2>^'PMhs, Purchase, r. To buy, v. A fulcrum or rest for a lever. Quarter.'"^" r, To billet soldiers, v, Tl\e fourfb part. A raeasurp, Alercy in battle. Raee,"'"' n. A generation. A gcnui«. A matcli at running, &c. Rail, V, To foold violently, i;. A paling. A wading bird. Ram. V, To drive forcibly, as a ran) butt?, n. A male sheep. Rash, a. Hasty, done with a rm-h, 5«. An ernplion on thr bkin. Rent, /'. Tore, d, A tearing. An ineamu. M) CLASS IV P.esolution,""* «. DeU-rmiisiilion. Sepnriition into p;irt3. Rest, »S, p, Iio})08e. 'J'luit wliicli roiimins, Right, ''^' f/. Just. 8t:,r!U';ht. Not Id't. ^^ Jiistioo. A claim. Ring, S., r. To sound a hM, u. A circle. Rock, V. 'J'o move to and fro. v, A large lixcd stone. A distaff. Roe, ii, A t( mnlo dei>r. The oggs of lisli. Rue, V, To bo sorry for. n. A plant. Rush, V. To run violently, ii. 7\. plant. Sack, I'. To rob a conqut>''ed town. n. A ha^;-. liw old nanip for flierry. See p. 157. Sasli, ii. A wide ribbon or scarf. A window franis. Season.'^'' r. To give relish. '\u teiri])er or luaturc. ii. A time. Set, r. To ])liice, to plant. To become aolid. //. A ninnber of tliiiigfl wjiicli go together. Shaft, ??. A handle. An arrow. A vcrtieiil pit. A pillar. Shed, 1". To let fall. n. A covering to shed the rain. Shoal, (I. Shalloii'. n. A great, numl)er of lisIi. A /. A money drawer, ^ircj:. I'nlU. Toll, S., r. 'J'o sound a bell. /i. A tax. Treat,'"'" f-. 'J'o ur^e. To nei^otiate. To discuss, n. Vfeitt. Tumbler, n. A kind of pigou. »'» ! HOMONYMS. 81 Usher, v. To iiit rotluco. n. An iiiulL'P-twit'hor : /"/•. F, Wages, /'. Carries on, us war. u. lliro of work jjooplo. Well, a. Sound in houlth. (k/. Kiyhlly. //. A (Uv\> sprinj^'of wal'M- Yard,""'^ u. An enclosure. Threo I'cet. A spar. LIST II. /ii vhlrli I hi dUfcn )ii'i' of iiaaninij cvuhnlh/ a,i.-,.^ j'i;,,ii ili< ilifirnit cf/'firdfiuiis. Aixh,"''" droll, sly : elilel'. Cleave,"'"* to ;-[)lii. Arch,""^ a curve, us in a bridge. Cleave.'^'"'' to i-tiek to. Bay,'-' an arm of the sea. Cricket,""' an iuseci. Bay, Uio laurel tree. (r. hats, ;i Cncket,'''' a gunio. palm branch. Bay, lo bark !it : J'r. F. Bull, S., the male of cattle. Bull, a papal proclamaLiou : L, bulla, a seal. Bull, a blunder in speech. Dam,''''* theinoth(>r ofanauiuial. Dam, IJ., a bauk to confine water. Defile, to hij'uiil or corrupt. Defile, '"■' a gorge or ravine. Desert, *'^'' to forsake. Desert, '•''" merit. Case,""^' state, condition. Case'''^"' a law cawtic or trial. Casa,""''^ a covering. Chase, U- hunt. F. chus,'. niiati. Coni,''''° any kind of grain. Com.^"'' a huruj excrescence on Date,"'^'* tlie time of an evt-nl, Date,'" a kind of fruit. Divers, men wlio diri'. Divers,'-" several. Don,"-^'' a.S^mnisli title. Don, to put on. .See p. ?\'). the foot. Count,'-'''' to ((j,iijinti\ A clause in an iudicLmeut. Count, "■"■' a I itle. Counter, oj)pi*>3ite to. L. i''U. Fell, S., liiM-eo. Fell. du\J'nc)'\{[co.. Gin, adi^tillcd liquor. F. f/rnrvrc, juniper. Gin, '""^ a snare, an cvf/lne. Jet, a mineral. See p. LIO. Jet,**"'' to jet out, a spout. Kennel,''''"* a water course. Konnei, '-"'■' a ilojif house. T.illcd ill Aiiiei Lay,"^ past of lir. Lay. ;i mu%, a mineral, a cement. Line,"^'* extension in length. Line,''*^' to put in lining. Lawn, a Rrftssy level. W. llan, La'wn,'"' tine limn. May. the .")th month. See p. 159 May,'"® an auxiluiry verb. March, to step regularly. F, mi'-vhr. March, t he 3rd month. Seep. 1,^9. Mean, to -nlcnd. 'V. jnwnan. Mean, middling — low, base. S, rnfCnc, Moans,''*'* instrumentality. Mill, an engine for grinding )ncal, MiU,'^***'^ t!io thousandih part of a dollar. Mint,'"" a place for coining. Mint, a small herb. G, minihe. Mine, hi>longing to vir, Mine,""^" a place for ore. Mass, a hnnp. L. riuii^fa. Mass,"''' tlie R. Catholic servico of the Lord's Supper, Page,*-' a servant boy. Page, one side of a leaf. L. pCifjina. •\v\\ tllp /idKftirnoiL HOMONVM an lemnn, f 8. lind, cement. 'iiglb. 1I- W. llaru See p. 159 erb. arly. F. Seep. 159, nicanan, ', base. S. •lity. tulinn; meal, 'h part, of a oining. X, ininihe. ■■l:ifia. :)lit! BPrvi'co lippCM-. I //. pdf/ina. Plantt,*"" level: a tuol for 8iuoi)th- iiig. Plane, "^* the jdat'cmim tree. Pole,"'^ the end of the earth's axis. Pole,^'^ a stako : .'"•i yards. Pole, a native of Poland. Policy,'*"''' nianagpiuont, plan. Policy, a warrant for money in the funds) : a promise to pay by insurance ofllces. L. polLiciri, to promiee, Pitch,'"^ to throw : hence the elevation or extent. Pitch, tar. L.jn-r, Pale,^^' whitish, pallid. Pale,"'-* a stake, an enclosure. Pile,^'* a large stake driven in the ground. Pile,'^* the nap on cloth : a mass. Pulse,"^'' a throbbing of the blood. Pulse, leguminousplatits, fr.pidl. Port, a wine from Oporto. Port,'^'" d/portmcnt : a gate or harbour. Quarry, '^'^ a place where Btone is hewn and scpxand. Quarry, '^^^ prey. Rank,^^^ vigorous, coarse, rancid. Sank,*"'' dignity : a rovv. Rally,'"*'* to re-form in battle. Rally, to jest satirically : fr. rail. Rose, did rise. Rose,'^** a beautiful flower. Rose color. ^ddlfi; n- nuzzle, from rend. Riddle,^** a coarse sieve. 3 gag<3 ' . -i.< ;. Ill /•'. suKijf. Sago, i^o, prud. Saw, dui .-^rr. Saw, a proverb, a sayiiuj. Saw, a tool. S, saga. See, to discern by the eye. See,'"' a bishop's diocese. Seal, a sea mammal. S. seal, Seal,'-*^ a signet for letters, &c. Sound, '^o" healthy. (Sound,"'*'' a noise: to examine {as by sound), to try. Sole,""'^ only, single. Sole,^" the bottom of the foot; a fi^h. Still, quiet. Btill,^'''' a machine for distilling. Scale, "'^ to mount by ladders : the proportion of represented to real size in maps, &c. Scale,"'" to come off in flakes: the covering of reptiles and fish. Smelt, did smell. Smelt, to melt ore. Smelt, S., the young of a flsh. Tense,^*** tightly stretched. Tense, "^'* time {in grammar). Tender,""** affectionate, fragile. I'endor,*^'^ to offer or extend, A vessel or car which attends (fop attcndur). Vice,"** wickedness. Vice,^^* a machine to \xo\Ciforcihhh Vice,'"'^ a substitufcOi M vicrro//. •smmmtmi^tti 34 eLAS.S V, / CLASS V. Words fpelli'd alike, the meuningn of which are ihangcd by changing the Accent. Au'gust, the eighth month. August','" grand, inajostic. Buf 'fet, F., V. to Btriko ; n. a box or blow with tho fist. Buffet', a feholf, u side tabic. Com 'pact, ^'^^ an agreement. Compact', firm, solid. Con'jure,''-'* {kun'-JHr), to prac- tise the art of a conjurer. Conjure', to call upon with ad- juration; to entreat in the most earnest manner. En'trance,'''^ the act or place of entering. Entrance', to put into a tranrr or ecstasy. L. trans, beyond, Gal'lant, F., bravo, (applied to military men). Gallant', attentive to ladies. In'stinct, *^* n. the imperfect rea- son of animals. Instinct', a. moved by something within, animated. In'valid,'"^ one weak or disabled by sickness, wounds, kc. Inval'id, weak ; or of no force or weight. Min'ute,"^" the OOth part of an hour: asmall portion of time. Minute', small, diminished. Provost,**^' (prov'-ust), the head of a corporation.* Provost, (pro-vo'), tho executioner of an army. Su'pine, a kind of verbal noun in Latin. Supine', lying with tho face up- ward, indolent. L. suphiun. In pronouncing the foUorving tvords, when used as nouns or adj.v- iivcs, the acceyit should he on the first si/llahle ; hut when cmployid as verbs, on the last. At'sent,''"' not probent. Ab'straot,"'" an abridgment. Absent , to keep away. Abstract', to draw or separate from ; to abridge. ^Ediiilnurgh, in plaee of a Mayor, lias a Lord Provost. f MEANlN(iS CHANOKD BY AiCKNT. 35 changing irfect rea- loiucthing i. r disabled nda, &LC, I'orce or •art of an in ol' time, bed. the bead Locutioner il noun in e face up- /. supin Uf. t or adjrc- iploy(d as aent. ■ separate i* I Ac oant, u peculiar tone in speak- ing or pronouncing ; stross or Jurce given to u particu- lar Hvllablc in a word ; a mark h '"icb the accent is (IcnotiHl. Accent',"** (<> mark the accent; to give or express the accent. Af' fix, a post-fix or terminating particle. Aifix','"" to join or unite to. At'tribute,"'*'^ a quality. Attrib'ute, to a^siyn to. Aug'ment,^'" an in'crease. Augment', to increase. Col'lect,'"' a short pruytiwcnllic/id irtnn t \\Li services of the day. Collect', to bring t )gether. Com'ment,''^'''' an exposition. Comment', (upon), to expound. Com'pound,^^^ a mixture; an on- cbwure. Compound', to mix, to come to terms of agreement. Con 'cert, '•'■•' a musical entertain- ment : agreement or design. Concert', to contrive,'^*" to plan. Con'cord,'"** harmony. Concord', to agree with. Con 'duct,"'''' behaviour. Conduct', to lead, to manage. Con'ftnr,'"^ a boundary. Confine', to limit ; to imprison. Con'flict,^*' a struggle, or contest. Conflict', to oppose. Con'sort,'"® a wife or Inmband, a conipanion. Consort', to associate with. Con'teit,^"® a dispute, a struggle. Contest', to dispute, to contend. Con'tract,''^' a bimiingagreeiuent. Contract', to draw together. Con'trast,'^- opposition of things unlike. Contrast', to place in opposition. Con 'verse,'" n. conversation; a, the opposite or contrary. Converse', to discourse familiarlv with. Con' vert, ''^'' a person converted. Convert', to cliange or turn. Con'vict,'*-^" a person convicted. Convict', to prove guilty. Con'voy,''"*" an escort, or guide. Convoy', to escort, to accompany as a guard. Coun"termand',^'''' an order to the contrary. Coun'tennand", to revoke a former order. Des'cant,*'^' a son^^;, a discourse. Descant', to harangue, Des'ert,'^'*'' a wilderness ; a dcserUd pbu'o. Desert', to forsake. Di'gest''*'* materials arranged. Digest', to arrange ; to dissolve. »m Sf> p.hxfis r. DiB/oount, **»^ abatement for rcadj In'terchange, a miit ual excbang* juoney. cominerce. F. changtr.^ Discount', to make an abatement Interchange', to exchange with, lor ready money. in'terdict,«i a prohibition. Es'cort, F„ an armed guard. Interdict', to prohibit. Escort', to accompany as a guard, j^g,,^,^^,^ 965 bad behaviour. Es'say,"^' an attempt; a ti-eatise. Mis'conduct', to behave badly. *Essay', to attempt ; to try. Qb'ject.'^^o something seen; an Ex'port,''"^ a commodity exported end or purpose. Export', to carry or ship goods Object', to make an objection to 5 out of the country. to oppose by argument. Ex'tract,»^' something extracted. O'vercharge, too great a charge. Extract', to draw out, or from. Overcharge', to charge too much I to crowd, i. chari/er. Fer'ment,'^^" a boiling, a tumult. ^, ^, •, r ^ v a, ,,' 1 „„ O'verthrow, defeat, discomfiture Ferment', to cause or produce ri,,f,,^Hon. lermentation. Fre'quent,"^^ often occurring. Frequent', to visit often. im port,*^^^ ly commodity im- ported ; meaning ; conse- quence ; tendency. Import', to bring from abroad ; to mean or signify. destruction. Overthrow', to defeat, to discom- fit, to destroy.'*°° Per'mit,"" a licence or authority. Permit', to authorize, to allow. Per'vert,'*^^ one turned from the right way. Pervert', to lead one wrong. In'oense,"'** perfume or fragrance pj-e'raise,^^'* an anterior propo- Hxlinlprl hv firpi. sit inn Premise', to put before. See p. 145. exhaled by fire Incense', to inflame, to enrage In'crease,^'*^" augmentation Pre'flx,"^'' a particle orpreposi- Increase', to make more or greater. ^j^,^ prefixed to a word. la'lay,'*^ something inlaid or in- Prefix', to put before. serted. „ „ , . . , T , I . ^ -ii • n Prfl'lude.^^" something introduo- Inlay', to variegate with an m'lay. ^^'^ ^ , In'sult,'" an affront.*' Prelude', to serve as an introduc- Insult', to treat with insolence. tion, to begin with. •RpellM intH'i^ when It ni«an» to fm' ♦''» flnonoM of ni8*«l. L MIANINGS CHANGED BT ACCENT. 37 t I Prea'age,'*** a prognostic or sign. Presage', to foretell or forebode. Pres'ent/^^ n. something present- ed, a gift or offering : a. not absent. Present', to give formally. Pro'ceeds, the cash returns of a sale. Proceeds', does advance. '°^^ Prod'uce,^^^ that which is pro- diKrod ; tlie product or amount. Produce', to bring forth. Proj'ect,**^'^ a design, a scheme, a contrivance. Project', to form in the mind; to jut out. Prot'est,^°' a solemn or legal declaration. Protest', to declare solemnly or legally. Re'bel,"^** one who rebels. Rebel', to oppose lawful authori- ty ; to rise in rebellion. Rec'ord,'°*'a register, a memorial. Record', to register. Ref 'use,**^^ what is refused as use- less ; wortliless remains. Refuse, to reject. Rep"rimand', F., a oensure. Rep'rimand", to censure, tochide. Sub ject,^*"rt. placed under; liable to ; n. one under the domi- nion of another ; the ques- tion or matter under con- sideration. Subject', to place under ; to re- duce to submission. Sur'name,'^'^ a name added. Surname', to distinguish by a surname. Sur'vey,"'^ a view taken. Survey', to take a view. Tor'ment, '*'''' torture, vexation. Torment', to put to pain ; to tor- ture, or to vex. Trans'fer,'^^* the act of transfer- ring ; delivery ; removal. Transfer', to assign or make ove* to another ; to remove. Trans'port,'^^^ rapture; a vessel for conveying soldiers over the sea. Transport', to convey from one place to another ; to enrap* ture. tTn'dress,^"' a loose easy dress. Undress', to divest of clothes. 1^'. B._The other words of a similar nature, not found in this list, should be accented alike as nouns and verbs, as :— Bal'ance, com'bat, detail', pur'pose, coun'iel, resort', &o. :^i CLAM Tf. CLASS YI. Words spelt and accented alike, hit differing in pronunciation and meaning. Associate**** (a) to keep company Char, {a) to become charcoal. with. Char, (a) to work at chores. Associate, (''0 a companion. Cruise, (-r) a rambling voyage. Abuse,^*' (^) to ill-UBO. Abuse, (f) ill use. Cruise, cruse, {<;) a small cup. DeUberate,^"''^ {a) to think. Bow, (ou) an inclination; the Deliberate, (e'^) done with deliber- fore part of a ship. ulion. Bow, (o) an instrument for shoot- '■ ' Desolate, '^29 j^^-) to ravage*^' and destroy. Desolate, {el) desolated. mg arrows. Bass, {ah) a kind of fish. Bass, {a) the lowest part in har- mony. Cinon, G., a rule ; an ecclesiastic. Canon, Sp., {canyon) a ravine {in Does, {dus) doth. " " ■ ' Does, (o~) the plural of doe. Diffuse, '^^^ {::) to spread or scatter. Diffuse, {g) verbose, wordy. S. W. of U. states). Cleanly, (e) neat. Cleanly, (e) in a clean manner. Close,"^ {c) to shut. Close, (f) fast, shut. Courtesy,'*"* {cur-te-s-i/) civility. Courtesy, {curt-se>/) a lady's ges- J. Clothes, does clothe. Clothes, {does) garments. Eat, (e) to devour. Eat, {e) another form of ate. Estimate, {a) to calculate : fr. L. Estimate, {ct) a calculation. Excuse,'^^' {z) to pardon,^* to make excuses. Excuse, (c) an apology. For-te, /., loud, {in music). Forte, F., what one excels in. DT^^ERENCE OF MEANING. 39 Gill, {g hard) t ■ breathing organ of flsh. Gill, (i) tho fourth of a pint. Grease, {s) to smear with grease. Grease, (i^) fat. Hinder, {i) to delay or keep behind. Hinder, (i) in the rear. House, (z) to shelter. House, (f) a dwelling. Intimate,''^ (a) to hint. Intimate, i/'t) close, very familiar. Irony, {inmy) tasting of iron. I'rony, grave sarcasm : fr. G. Job, id) one of tbc patriarchs. Job, {o) a piece of work. Lead, (e) to conduct. Lead, {r) one of the metals. Learned, v. did learn. Leam-ed,* a. well informed. Lease, ((^to let for a limited time. Lease, {z) to glean after the harvest. Live, ('') to be alive. Live, {t) alive. Lower, (o) to let down. Lower, lour, (o«) to look darL Moderate,'"" (a) to make or be- come moderate. Moderate, {et) the opposite of extreme. Mouse, {z) to catch mice. Mouse, (p) a small animal. Mouth, mouthe, {th soft) to speak affectedly. Mouth, {th hard) a part of the face. Mow, (o) to cut grass. Mow, {oh) the hay in the barn. Notable,''*'* (o) worthy of note. Notable, {6) skilled in house- keeping. Polish, (o) belonging to Poland- Polish,^®^ {8) a glassy surface. Poll, (o) the head : a voting place. PoU, (o) a name, Pendant,^'^ an ear ring, a hang- iiu) jewel. Pendant, {pennant) a streamer. Kaven, (a) to devour ravenously. Baven,"^' (a) a voracious bird. Re'-collect', to gather up again, Rec'ollect', to remember. Re'-forma'tion,'^*' a forming anew. Eef'onna'tion, amendment. Row, {ou) a riot, a noise. Row, (o) a rank. Slaver, {a) a slave ship. Slaver, («) spittle. Separate,"" (a) to disjoin, tj part. Separate, {et) distinct, apart. * Bt'lor-ed, bless-er/, airs-ed, arm-ed and wini/-ed should also have the ed » se^wrate syllable, when used as adjeativt's. MtUti^Mmimm 40 CLASS VII. Slough, (dou) a miry placo. Slough, {-'In if') the cast skin of a snake.''"'' Sew, (o) to scatter seed. Sow, (on) the female swine. Tarry, («) to slay, to wait. Tarry, (ah) smeared with tar. Teoth, teethe, {th aofl) to grow teelli. Teeth, {fh hard) a part of the mouth. Tear, (a) to rend. Tear, (e) water from the eye. Use,^*^' {^) to employ. Use, (f) employment. Wind, (i) to turn round. Wind, (0 !iii* ill motion. Won't (o) coUotpiial for will not. Wont, (u) usage, custom. Worsted, (oo) a kind of yarn. Worsted, {ur) defeated. Wound, (on) did Avind. Wound, (oo) an injury. CLASS VlI.--SY.NOiNYMS. 8//nout/i/ib arc words of (he same, or ncarli/ tftc same meaning. The different shades of meanivg can onh/ be shown in the application y which we have not sjjace to illustrate, and which bi longs, indeid, rather to a work on composition than to a Spelling Book. We give, a few specimens. Allay, ''■^^ appease, soothe, mitigate, alleviate, relieve, assuage. Aggravate, enrage, y)'. F., excite, embitter, increase. Assist, aid, help, succour, support. Thwart, hinder, oppose, obstruct. Assemble, "^^ collect, convoke, levy, muster. Disperse, dismiss, scatter, disband.^** SYNONYMS. 41 Abandon, abdicate, t'orsako, desert, resign, relinquish. Cherish,'^^' maintain, uphold, depend, retain, seek. Appoint, order, prescribe, dictate, direct. Abjure, recall, revoke, recant, disavow, countermand, repeal. Active, assiduous, diligent, industrious, laborious, inactive, desultory,'" lax, idle, inert.""' Austere, forbidding, harsh, rigid, severe, stern, strict.^" Aifable,<=* inviting, indulgent, lax, easy, approachable."" Amuse, divert, entertain, gratify, beguile. Weary, displease, tire, disgust, bore, annoy. '''*^ Asperse, defame, calumniate, slander, traduce, detract, vilify. Praise, eulogize, extol, '^'" commend, applaud, vindicate. Abase, degrade, disgrace, humiliate, dishonor. Eaise, exalt, honor, elevate, dignify, promote. Audacity, boldness, effrontery,^' hardihood, impudence. Timidity, bashfulness, {F. haa, low), modesty, diindence, Awkward, clumsy, uncouth, ungainly, clownish. Dexterous, polished, elegant, polite. Conceal, hide, dissemble,"^' disg\iise. Avow, reveal, exhibit, expose, disi)lay, divulge.^*'' Calamity, disaster/^' misfortune, mishap,''*^* catastrophe. Blessing, boon, god -send,"** advantage.'"-'^ Common, vulgar, ordinary, mean, plebe'ian,*^^ mediocre. Uncommon, extraordinary, distinguished, select. Changeable, fickle, variable, inconstant, unstable. Steady, stable, constant, reliable, {an Americunis7n), trustworthy* Wealth, riches, opulence, abundance, affluence. Indigence, {L. lyerc, to need), necessity, poverty,"* need. Brave, F., courageous, intrepid, valiant, heroic. Cowardly, timid, pusillanimous. Entice, seduce, prompt, allure, teiapt.'^^'* Deter,'-'^** scare, daunt, warn, (see p. 60), frighten. V ! i. 1 !| ---^■*3^ xMBW i** * ^iP ff " iiMMMiMii^ 42 Of,AS9 VII. * Grant, allow, bestow, confer, conc••«. imc. ^ j — — ,. diphthongs strictly proper ; viz., ay, oi, oy, ou, and ow. The only proper triphthong is noy in buoy. "VSIISSSIISI^"' 44 JllK Al-PHABET. THE CONSONANTS, B has only one sound, and is silent bel'ore t and after m in tho same syllable, asdrbf, dumb. C and are hard before a, o, and m; and soft before c, i, and y. C hard is equal in sound to k, c soft to .v, and g soft to^. Ex. —cat cot cut gat got gum cell cit cvst gem* gib'j gipsy G IS silent before n in the same syllable, as gnaw. H is simply a breathing. At the beginning of many words it is silent, as heir, Iwiir, ftonor, herb, honest, humor. K is silent before n, as knit. L is frequently silent, as in calm. L, M, N, R, are called liquids; because they unite so smoothly in sound with other consonants. N is silent at the end of a syllable when it follows I or m, as kiln, hymn. P is silent at the beginning of a syllable when it precedes .'« or t, ai ■psalm, 2)tisan. Q is sounded likr /•, and is always followed by n, as queni. S is sounded either like c ^oft, as sial, z as was, or sh as sure. T when followed b,> ia, if, or in, is sounded like s,h, as nuptial, ■patient, action. W is silent before r, as wring. Z is sounded nearly like *• or sh, as frccsc, azure. G soft, J, and JC, are i-eally double consonants: the two first sound- ing like dzh, and the last being equivalent to ks. X, at the beginning of words, is sounded, however, like z, as Xenophon. MGRAPHS. These are unions of consonants to repi-esent simple sounds. They are ch, ck, gh, ng, ph, qu, rh, sh, th, and wh. Ch is sounded like tsh, as in chart ; but after n, as in bench, and also in words from the French, as chaise, it is pronounced like sh ; and in words from the Greek, like k, as chyle. In a few words., as drachm, yacht, and schism, it is silent. *A« the Saxon y was always hard, many words have y hard befort « ft«d i; as (/at, yir!. I 1 CAPITAI-S. 45 Gh has the sound of /, as in lawjh, but at the beginning of u sylliibk. somuls like g lirirfl, as ghost. At tho end of a syllable it is sometimes silenS aa hiyh, and is always so before t, as in light, except in the word draught. The combination ough has seven sounds, given in the following lines : — " Tis not an easy task to show «^ow 0, u, g, h sound ; since though An Irish lough, and English slough. And corigh and hiccough, all allow, Differ as much as tough and through ; There seems no more reason why they do. Ph has the sound of /, as 2)hial, but sometimes of p, as diphthong. Qu has the sound of kw, as queen, but in words from tho French, the sound of k, as in casqutt .^^"^ Th soft, as in thin, is the aspirate of d\ and th hard, as in thin, the aspirate of t. In the Anglo-Saxon alphabet, theae digraphs were each represented by a single letter. as a simple /, as in Thames, (terns). Wh is sounded as if written kw, as what. Th is sometimes sounded RULES FOE THE USE OF CAPITALS. The following classes of words should begin with capital letters :-— 1. The first word of every sentence, of every example and direct quotation, and of every line in poetry. 2. Proper nouns, and proper adjectives, i. e. adjectives derived from proper nouns. The names of the months and days belong to this class. A common noun associated with a proper noun has also a capital, as Cape May. 3. All names of the Deity, and often the pronouns sending for them. 4. All titles, whether of persons or books. 5. Words of special importance, as the Reformation, 6. The pronoun /, and the interjection 0. are written always in capitals ; but not the article a, except it begins a sentence op K line in poetry. 40 SYLLABLES. ITALICS. SYLLABLES. A Syllahlo'*'^ is n sound utterotl l\v one effort of the voire. It may be fornu-d by a single letter (always, of course, a vowel), a part of a word, or a whole word. A word of one syllable is called a mfimmjllahle ; one of twi». a dissyllahlr ; one of throe, a irisiflUthh ; and one of more than three, a pol//Ki/lf(ihlc. 1. AWlliiblo, dii)lithong,6^' triphthong, or digraph, should never be divided in writing. But two vowels, not forming a diphtliong, are reckoned in separate syllables. 2. Prefixes and affixes are separated from the root, and grammatical inflexions from the word on which they are based. 3. Compound words (sec p. 54) should bo divided into the words wliich compose them. 4. A single consonant between two vo'vels should be joined with the vowd which it modifies in sound, as mod-rl, he-gins. But this rule should not be obtiorvcd when it would cause a violation of R\ilo 2 ; wliich is the most important rule in syllabication. 5. In cases of doubt, begin a syllable with a consonant, if possible. ITALICS. In priiiiy Il.'lios may be used : — 1. When a word is very empluitic ; as " I would never lay down my arms!" : or p'acod in antithesis ; as, " Man never is, but always to he blessed." 2. For the names of books, newspapers, vessels, &c. 3. In the case of foreign words : as, the writ of Habeas Corpus. 4. Tn the Bible, a word in Italics is one not found in the original Hebrew or Greek, but interpolated in the translation to render the sense complete in English. In irriting, the words, which, in print, would bo put in Italics should be tir.rJtrlineJ. RULES FOR SPEI,IJN(i. 47 \. It may 1. part of a ol' two. a ban three, (1 never be lipbtliong, aminatical the words ■cl witb tbo But this ■iolution of cation, possible. liULES FOK SPELLING. ,y down my but always Corp-us the original )n to remit! r lit in Italics 1. Monosyllables ending in /', /, or s, preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant, as innjf, /nill, mm. Excrptioni^. — \. Add, odd, ehh, ei)(j, inn, irr. burr, purr, hiitt, and buzz, double the consonant, thongh not ending in /, /, or s. 2. If, of, as, gas, has, was, yis, is, his, this, i/s, and thus, do not double the consonant, thaugh ending in / or s. 2. r, when advanced (by the additffei of an affix, &c.), from the end of a word, is changed into i, as dri/, drier ; cry, cries. Except — 1. When it forms part of a diplithong, as l>o//, boyhood. ' 2. In Greek words. Here it represents u rather than /, as is seen by the table of roots. 3. When the affix begins with an /, as dry, dryivy : the repetition of this vowel being inadmissible in English yjicUing. 4. In tho derivatives of rf'/'y, shy, and sly, the //is retained. T). In beauteous, bnuu/n.'i's, duteous, piteous, and plenteous, y clianges into e instead of i. 3. Monosyllables, and words accented on the last syllable, ending in a single consonant, preceded by a single vowel, double this con- sonant when taking an additional syllable, beginning vtdth a vowel, as mad, nmddcn ; begin, beginner.* Exceptions. — 1. The following words in /, though not accented on the last, double the I in this case: *Thie preserves the proniiriciatinn of the-, vowei. For cx.-urspltv if xho f \rrrp not doubled in matted, the word wonM hf>i'n»r' " ■•' ' 48 RULES FOR «rEM,IX(i. Apparel'*'* Di-ivpl"* biwpl JJii.'l Bowel Kmbowel Cancel Knamol Carol Equal Cttvil Gambol ChanneP^" Gospel ChiseP^' Oravol Counsel Grovel Cudgol Handsel Dial'"" Jt'wol Diskovel" K'ennol Qimrri'i'* liavol Travel Revel Kival Rower''' Shovel Shrivel Snivel Tassel Trammel Unkennel Label Laurel Level Libel Marhlial Marvel Model PaneP"*^ Parcel Pencil Pistol Pommel'" 2. Tlio I in woollen, and the final consonant in the derivatives of bias and worship are also doubled, 4. Words ending in //, when compounded, or taking the affix ness, li/, or full — drop one /, as irelarmi;J'ii(/il, shrilU/, ticss, stillborn, tallness, downhill, bi/'ill, bvfull, downfall, waterfall, undersell, millstone, millrace, ij-c. '). When an affix beginning with a vowel is added to a word ending in e, the e is omitted, as loi'er; but when the affix begins with a consonant, the e is retained, as useless. Kxaptioiis. — 1. The c is retained after soft c and g before the aflixes able and oiis ; as peaceable, changeable, outrageous. This keeps the c and g soft. 2. It is also retained before ing in verbs ending in ye, oc, or ce, as di/eing, hoeing, seeing.* 3. Dull/, trxdy, auftd, judgment, abridgment, wholly, lodgment, and acknovjhdgmeni, omit the e, though the affix begins with a consonant, n. Final e oft«n changes into i before the affixes fy, ty, and ous , as pure, purity, pur tfy ; vice, vicious, 7. Except in monoByllaUeii,t k final is now disused. It is restored however to preserve the o hard, when the affix begins with e or i. *It seems to be retained in singeing and swingeing, to distinguish tliem from gini'ino and tvinqinn. je p\\s\\\aei» intn u tiefore ""/: a» '/""s dyi>io . ■tTh/i only English inonoij-llahles ending in r are nre, Inr, and ?'»♦''. - viii'ifBiBiiiWiB i r..".,iMiiii« i KUI.KH FOR rfJ'Kll.lNO. 49 •rei'* il ol 1 I el i^el 3l •1 iimol innd ant in the io doubled, [ix iiesn, li/, , umallncss, 'HI, befall, illrace, ifc, ord ending ins with a before the chany cable, loft. 3 ending in # '«/, wholly, lit the c, lant. nd ous , as is restored Mrith c or i. ti them from d zinr. Thus tntffir, formerly trujjick, restores tiie k in trtilJUkfr, tnif- Jlvklmj, &c. F,nv/)/ir7»,v-.The compounds of lock, as forelock ; words with tha aflix lock, as wedlock, tSto. ; diminutives in lock, as hillock ; and the words barrack, hemlock, paddock, shipwreck, shamrock, and a few more. 8. The diphthongs ie ond ci being Bounded alike, create difRculty. The simple rule is— "/before E, except after C" Ejecept ions.— Either, obeisance, stiynor, seine, scijse, and a few more. 0. In words beginning with the prefixes dis or mis, the s will of course be doubled when the root begins also with an .v. Thus we write mis-fake, but mis-state. 10. The prefixes de and di when unaccented sound almost alike. Attention to the meaning of the prefix will prevent error. 11. In words ending in able and ible; ance and ence ; ant and ent ; Hon, xion, or (!to«,— attention to the form of the root from which the word is derived, will generally preserve from error. Thus :— Latin verbs in a-re, and all Frenc> verbs, make able, ant, at ion, and ance. All other Latin verbs, (i. e. verbs in c-rc or i-re) make ibh, ent, ence, and tion, sion, or xiim. Where words from these roots have ant or ance, it will genern'ly be lound that they come through the French. iL'. Use the affix or (for the do,r of an action) in wordu from the Latin, but the affix er in words from the '^'axon. 1 jse the affix i~e when the word is direcUy derived from a Greek verb, and isc when the root is French or Saxon. The present tendency, however is^ to drop isc altogether, and use ise in :.I1 cases. 14. Use the prefix in when the root is Latin, and en whoa it is Saxoa, French, or Greek. 15, The final syllables el and le sound alike, BpelJ this sound h; except in the foilowiug ■woras ;- jiSaiiiiMiiwtifiiii w iirfrtgiMiirrftirifi 50 PRONUNCIATION OR ORTHOEFY, angel carael cancel channel chancel chapel charneP chisel cudgel damseP'''* flannel funnel gospel""^ gravel groveP*'' hazel hovel kennel level lintel model raoreeP* novel panel parcel Ifi. Similarly with the final syllables rr and r<: Use following words, mostly from the French, or Latin Roots ending in rum, ra, or nm .— revel rowel shovel snivel swivel tunnel traminel travel tinsel pr except in the from Greek and accoutre, F, acre calibre, F. centre fibre livre, F. lucre lustre maugre, F. massacre, F. meagre, I'. metre mitre nitre ochre ogre, F. reconnoitre, F. saltpetre sabre, F. sombre, /. sceptre spectre sepulchre theatre . PRONUNCIATION OR ORTHOEPY. Tn addition to the principles illuBtrated m the torego.ng h.ts, a few remarks on this subject may be u.eful. The spelhng-book, however, is not the easiest means of learning pronunciation : it can . -J .i;wnr,rl R-ifplviu the e"baol reading lessons, be obtained more readily and sately in tne aii tp.>chers and from the addresses of comprfent public speakei-s. All teache.s should possess a copy of a standard pronouncing dictionary. 1 AcLnt is a JrL laid on a syllable in a word to distinguish it from other syllables wlUch are unaccented. Hour .-, ... >lrs, there- fore, have no accent. . u„) i„ 2 The general rule in English words is to accent the root, but in verbs, the terminaiioi., to di.linguiBli ihcm from nouns, &c., spelt like tht^m. •• I VRONUNCIATION OR ORTHOEPY. 51 2 Tn dissyllables the first syllable is generally accented. But m •aissyllables which are compound words, as stea7A-boat, rail-road, both syllables are accented. Also in the word Amen. 4 Words of more than two syllables have often more than one accent. Trisyllables have most commonly a primary or stronger accent on the first, and a secondary or weaker accent on the third .syllable. 5. Polysyllables have their primary accent most commonly on tue antepenultimate * As, however, most of these come from the Latm and Greek, they often retain the acwnt which they have in those languages ; especially when they belong to the book language rather than the speech of the common people. Words from the French ilo this, even when familiar words, as ■.—viacJunei , chagrin'. This causes numerous and difficult exceptions. 6. Verbs ending in ,/>/, ate, ite. L'e, and ise, accent those endings, (by Eule 2), and give the vowel in them its long sound. 7. In no lis ending in e, introduced without change from the Latin and Greek, the e is a separate and accented syllable, as :— i'jpitome, apostrophe. 8. The unaccented syllable has a short obscure sound, even if it contain a vowel naturally long, or a diphthong, as captain, forfeit. '.). The terminations ia, iac, ial, tan, ion, eous and ioiif, are pro- nounced as monosyllables, and when preceded by c or /; soft, s, t, or X, are pronounced shd, shuu, .-hfd, Ms, jil", &c. The syllable pre- ceding them takes the accent, and if it ends in any vowe.i but /, fiat vowel takes the long sound. Examples ■.—Outra'gvous, aJhe^don, erd'sion. relPgioKS. 10. In derivatives froui words which come under t.:(9 l&si. rule, the syllables referred to are sometimes separated again : as vhAs-tiun, christi-an-iii/, p)ar-tial, parti-al-ity. 11. Words ending in ic, from Greek and Latin roots, are accented on the penultimate. Such words are contracted from words of the same meaning ending in bal, which are accented on the antepenulti- mate in accordance with Rule f>. 12. Sometimes words, put in antithesis, accommodate their proper accent to this circumstance: .._,, ,,. , - i ti,o lit -.n .i.if. t,..t .^no Mill tltp antt'P- tl"" t^^' '>"^ two. 5^ PRONUNCIATION OR ORTHOEPY. (1.) Thus. asBign'or, consign'or, les'sor, deyiW, morLWeor when contrasted with as'.igneo", con'signee ', lessee", mort'^ gagee , &c., are pronounced as'signor", mort'gageor", &c. (2.) So wo 8ay:«...Togiveand for'giyo"-« pro"babil'ity and plaus":ba'itj." "He must in'crease. but I must de'crease " 13. Polysyllables from the Greek and Latin, formed from two roots, are accented on the syllable where the roots unite, which is generally the antepenultimate. 14 In derivatircs from English roots, the accent of the primary word remams on the same syllable. 15. When the root (of whatever language) contains a long vowel th,8 vowel 18 very often shortened in the derivative. Examples: — Cave Nature Zeal'^"!' Steal Chaste legendary secretary knowledge forehead breakfast cavity Legend natural Secret zealous Know Stealth Fore chastity Break Sometimes this is indicated by a change in spelling ^.rz-Mamtain maintenance Sheep sliepherd be^m sempstress Vain vanity Villain villany Grain granary lb. In he absence of any English termination or inflexion to rS'to. "" f-- the verb, certain expedients have been ('0 When they are spelled alike, they are mostly distinguished b.Vbc phioo of the accent, which in the noun (substantive or adjoct,vr; IS thrown forward, while in the verb it is put back. This IS in analogy with paragraphs 2 and 6 of pages W and i>l, and has been fully exempliflcd in Class V (b) Even when the accent is not reinoved, a difference of pro- mmoation is sometimes made-following the same analogy- by giving a more distinct sound to the last syllable. Compare the the sound of .crarate and nwdcnUe v^hen used as adjec tives with their pronunciation when verbs, and the sound of interest and compUment when nouns, with their sound as rsrbs. \ Shii fin ' i^ift Dei and p of wo the ol words Der ^orraei DERIVATION. -',-«* 53 (cO Or the verb is distinguished by changing the final consonant ot the noun-with or without a change in the spelling. Ex: NOUNS. TERBS, Sharp somifl of th( final consonant. use abuse close diffuse glass brass grass price behoof proof reproof bolief bath breath cloth loth teeth Fliit sound of the final consonant. NOUNS. use abuse close diffuse glaze braze graze prize bdhoove prove reprove believe bathe breathe clothe loathe teoth VERBS. Sliarp soniifl of the linal cousonant, sooth mouse house grease excuse grief thief life wife mouth sheath wreath swath device advice practice projihecy Flat sound of the linal consonant. soothe mouse house grease excuse grieve thieve live wive mouth sheathe wreathe swathe devise advise practise* prophesy* "Distinguished in another manner. DERIVATION. Derivation is that part of etymology which treats of the origin and prnuary meaning of words. In a living language the meamng of words ,s ever changing, and new wox^s are being formed from the old Ihe new words thus formed are called derivatives, and the words trom which tlipv nro fn..iY,a,i „,.„ f „_.,._ i .1 . . ■»■ — •') ■''» tcrmuu lucir loots. Denvatives are either primary or secondary. The first class ar. formed hy an internal change in the roots : eith<,r changing th n- I u CLASS \II£. lernal vowel, as bhid, bond; or the coiisouaiits, as ?«///», milch; or both, as weave, woof, cling, clench. Secondary derivatives are made by an external addition, which is either a prefix or an affix, as bond, bondage, tic, imtie. The irregular verbs are examples of pxnraary, and the regular verbs of secondary derivatives. Besides these methotls, which are all instances either of addition 01' into-change, derivatives are foi'raed hy contreution. When this takes place at the beginning of the word, it is called a/phcBr esis, aa ^gan for began : when in the middle, syncope, as t'er for ever, lasli for ladcss : and when at the end, apoc'ope, as bad from bade. Whole words are also joined — forming what is called a compound word, as; — backwoodsman, holiday, everlasting, oversight, seasic/i\ hereafter, mowing-machine. The English, like the ancient Greek and modern German, has a peculiar facility in forming compounds. This is a valuable power in any language. CLASS YIIL-ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY.'"* The roots in this list are themselves English words. In some, a pri- mary sense is seeyi to underlie all the secondary meanings of the same word. Aftermath, the second crop of grass, after the mower moweth once. Alderman, for eldcrnian, a civic officer. Alone, {all one), all by one's self. Almost, (most all), nearly. Aloof, (all off), apart, remote. Ant, (from emmet — by syncope), a small insect. Atone, to make at one, to reconcile, to expiate. Bar,"^° a fastening, a hindrance, (as an impediment in a harbor), », partition. r ENGLISH ETYMOLOGY. 55 «*s»> Baeon, haken or smoked pork. Bandy, to beat to and fro with a bent «tiok, to giv€ woi*d for woitl Bauble, a hahy's toy, a worthless trifle. Behold, "»« to hold the eyes ftxed on an object. Behalf, a corruption of behoof, i. e. advantage. Bloom,'" from blossom, by syncope, as balm from balsam. Base,^**^ tho foundation, hence the starting ) ce — the lowest part in harmony ; low, mean, vile. Boa, a fur wrapping, named from resembling the boa constriclor^^' in shape. Bloat, '^^ from blow'd, as float iromjlow'd. Bloater, a bloated or fat herring. Boggle, to stick like one in a bog. Booth, ''^^ properly a bower, or covering of boughs. From boweth, aa truth and troth from troweth}^^'-' Bow, from its bowed or rounded shape. Bowsprit, (o), the spar which sprouts from the bov\ Box, S., a tree, a coffer (properly one of box wood), an enclosed or circular seat, a blow with the hand closed. Blade, '"'* (from flat), the flat part of a weapon or an oar ; a spire of grass, and the shoulder blatle — from their shape. Bait, (from bite), a hasty meed at an inn, a lure (from its use by sportsmen) : v. to set dogs on. Bill, an axt, so called from its shape resembling a bird's bill. Bight, '"^ a bay, a bend in a rope. From betyed, as might from mayed, and Mght from afraid. Bout,'" a turn, as at wrestling, &c. From bowed. Brace, '^'^ (from embrace), a coupler or bracket. Two things coupled- Bread,"^^ brai/ed or pounded corn. Brinded,**'^ brindled, striped as if branded, i. e. burned. Brood, (from breed), the number born and bred at one time. Buck«rheat, from beech reheat, because the grain resembles tlie beech mast. From this old form of beech {boc), we have book. Burly, big, boorlike, as surly from sour. Chandler,'*^'* a dealer in m?U/^^*), is one picked with reference to the sentiments attached to its flowers Nostnl, tVom m,r and thrill or drill. From this last root we have tnraldom. slavery. See Exod. xxi, (5*. Nought from muqht The first, however, now means nothing, and the second, bud, wicketl ; whence nang/zi// Offal, tliat which falls off; a worthJess part.* So refuse, what is rcj/tsnl, and rubbisu, what is ritbb(d off. Offspiing, children, as springioig off the parent stem. Ought, IS compelled from duty— from oived. ^''^'''' h^orser&i''' '''"'''"*' ""^ """ '""^'^''"' °' '""' ^^" '^"^« t^« Offing, the lino where the view breaks o/— the horizon. Parboil, to part-brnl, or half boil. PurbUud, near-sighted, forced to pore or peer over objects. Parse, to give the parts of speech. Pc^lt, to hit with^^Vc^^v"' or small missiles. Perry, a drink made from pears. Pike,'" a lance a fish with a sharp snout. ITence pique, to Drick ovwoand the feelinys, and piquant, sharp, ;...^,.«^: ^ Pocket, pouch, poke, and pock (a little bag or pustule-plur. pox), are all lonns ol the sa.ue. Ilenco poach, to baq game unlavvf ullv. Pucker, to wrinkle up nith pocks, bags, or creases. Palm,'^J a tree, whose leaves resemble the pahu of the hand Yic tory, triumph, because victors bore its branches. To palm nVhf/"!-""^'' ''"•^"','' '^«J%^«it'rsdo, by sleight of hand, or by hiding things m their pMlma. °. ' : ^SclSr:",^;"" "'"^^'"' '^'*'^^ ^^^•■"^- The ceremony was perfornjecj J \- d; by ss. no ve J<1 ja le ENOl,ISl[ F.TVMOI.OdV. 59 i ^•*^ Passenger, (vom pasnagc,^''* as messenger from mrssa^e, and porringer froin iHirridijr. Perch, a pole, or roost : v. to roost. A ineaBure of 5^ yards. Dist. perch, a fish. Pound, a weight. Twenty sliillings t'onuerly weU/hed a pound, hence a pound of money. To bruise with a hwivy wtiyht. Quagmire, (from quake and mire), a shaking bog. Quick, alive, as " the quick and dead" : hence a sensitive part, as the quick of the nails ; moving, as quicksilver ; moving quickli/. Quiver, the cover for the archer's arrows. Ruff, (from the rough circle of feathers round its neck), a wading bird. The fenuilo is called the rcere. Rather, comparative of the obsolete rath, ^oon, early). Rear, to raise up, to rise up on the hind legs ; n. the hind part ; fi. underdone (because back from the lire.) Roost, (from rest), the perch where birds rest at night. Sexton, (contracted from sarcridan), the man in charge of the sacristy, i. e. the place in a church where the sacred vessels are kept. Score, (from scar), a scratch or notch, a notched tally, (hence perhaps twenty, as the extent of the tally), a reckoning. Scrap, something scraped off, as scum, what is skimmed off. Sheen,* brightness, from shine. Sheriff, (from shin^'^^ and rccvi^^''), the chief reeye or executive ofHcer in the shire, (i. e. the share or division of a country). Skipper, another form of shipper. So skiff, from ship. Sloven, (fomin. slut or slattern), a lazy, careless person. From slaw. Stock, (from stuck, because stuck in the ground), a stem ; hence a race — the individuals representing the branches; a fixed quantity or store of goods. Stocks, the frame in which they formerly stuck criminals ; the frame in which ships are stuck^ or fixed while building. Strain,^'' lo force, or constrain. A song, a style of speaking. Sallow, of a aickly yellowish color, from the foliage of the sallow or willow. Smith, (from •^miteih), a worker in metals. Snuff, powder to be sniffed. Sorrel, a very sour plant, from which salt of lemons is made. Dia. sorrel, a yellowish red or brown. *Tlio Saron nanie for Richmond on Tluunen, I t (10 CLASS Mil. KNGLISH ElYMOLOf; Y. I Staple,'''* (from atahlc), establisbt'd, foinmon : thecutch which hulds a hoMJlriii. Starch, another form of stark (which rueans stiff, honce confirinod, entirely). Stud, (from stood), ii number of horses stood or stabled together. Also a miil or button for keeping tilings stradi/. Spring, to bound or rebound ; to como up as plants; th^ season when plants spring up ; water springing from tlie ground. Story, a tale, is an abbreviation of history. But a story in a building is an abbreviation of sfai/rri/.*"^ Tamper, to try one's tcmpn- witli einietor intent. Table, a list or index, from its tubular shape ; the company at table ; also the fare. Trump, the suit at cards which trUcinphs cr wins the gannj. Treenail, (pron trnnnil), a nail or bolt of tcood. Tap. to strike with the tip, hence to strike gently. Tendrils, the tender spirals of the vine. Twilight, the dim li^ht > Ivjctd day and darlvuess. Twin, twine, twain, between : all from two : and twist from twioed. Thrice, an instant — before you could .say thrice. Upholsterer, an upholder or bearer at funerals, hence one that under- takes to supply funerals, an undertaker, a cabinet-maker. Utter, for outer, extreme. To utter, is to speak out. Vault, "^'^ a cellar with circular roof. A circular leap, taken while resting on the hands. Waddle, (from wade). To walk awkwardly, like one wading. Waver, (from wave. See James i. 6). To hesitate. Wild, (from will). Self willed, not under the control of reason. Warn, (from waren, as learn, from learen, the old form being lear, whence lore, learning). To tell a person to beware.'^"' Whisk, a quick sweeping motion, a brush. Hence whisker. Wrong, from wrung, as song from sung. Wrung from the right or straight course. Whig, (from whey), originally meant a sour-faced fanatic. Now, a ni{>rlor.T.te reformor UKIIHATION. . uphr. «y ««« or a more agreeable sound. Thu., any that end in n, clnuwe this into m before b oi'p; some of those inLutin and Greek whichend in a consonant, change this into the first consonant of the root ; and a few of those in Greek which end in a vowel, drop this before the aspirate. Thus, in Latin, oHecomes sometimes a or ak^ ; ad be- comes ac, of, ag, al, an, op, ar, as, or at ; con becomes co, corf, 'col, com or car ; ex becomes e or ij ; nb becomes op, oc, or of; sub becomes st^f, sw, tug, or sur. In Or^ek. /^n hecomPa si/, $„l, or iym; and npo «a PREFIXES. <'rl»- h,,ph, mul /;»/;.. Ocvusiimully u loiter is inHerled for etiphonv, Hs w in ,,.;...,/.<%, d Ml n-il-uHduHt, rcd-eimer,, in mord-^-Jm, i u, mami'i-Aui, &c. ' TABLE OF PREFIXES. GREEK. SAXON. LATIN. on, a, in, on for, gain, with after Miul by 'W by, ovor Ivv-, tvvi foro fore opi, I'll inti pori, nniiiLii in, br/'ore lu . b , en, />. ro, ob, contra couiilcr, /'/•. circMini, auib post re, retro ana inter moso prupe, juxta para [exi ra, pra-ter, sii- hvpor iper, sur, /'/•. ultra lit' cata bis, amb, du amphi, di pre, auto pro pro, piir. Fr. pro van, I''r. ab in, hrf<)7-erfrh.s, pro,inal,ab,de,por 11-. un, for, forejdia, ne, in,6^/:<;si,iy the action. under. well. ijif<-)ifiive force, with. within. jwithout, {privutivi). apart. upward.s. neuter verbs fru/t,f, aero8«. active. ipcne, almost. 7-v on tiiis side, m'ta, changeLv. //. Tlui^e have none I <<>>)•(. •nt,iHt i>fr, 10'., ior, /<>. I'ix; ico, Fr. eo, Fr. F< lit Ml NO NOl'N.S, et, ote, cian, The doer (;««*. ar if*t iiiiitrr. ino jditto (/^w) The object of tLv ac- tion. licy, ion, mon>' mont, y, iin('(Miff.>,l3is, y 11 de, lire, ico, ify ! ty. Fr. Ilia, Bin, ad. ary, ory i-hro.acy. iMile, iclp, ule ; otto, Fr. oon, one, ftalian. Act, state, ')eing, or quality ; fonniittj abstrurt nouns. erv, po isk Place or ofhco. Diminutives. less iwh, ways, M'iae, ly I erii, ward, erlyi ' en, ern oons, ine ish, like, ly, y,:ary, ar, an, al, il. e(ni9, soino line, ile, aceous ful, oils, ing, lent, ous, oso, id, od, some, y ile, ate, nci 0113 «hle ive, able, iblo Excess —hcntr oihti iiiiplij cenmri'. roitMINO An.lECTIVK.S A.Vn ADVKltliS. Privative, iumiihister, poetess, songstress, testatrix, cantatrice, heroine. Payee. lUotch,' hatred, freedom, folly, penury, goodness, knowledge, wedlock, flood,' flight, length, laughter,, boyhood, loving, lunacy, action, acrimony, "•'*» treatment, misery, alliance, bondage, plenitude, tenure, justice, sanity, fealty, panorama," chasm, triad, crisis, eulogy. Foundry, bishoprick, kingdom, bailiwick, mastersliiij, library, dormitory] 8epul(-hre, primacy, monastery, fheatre."" Satchel, ladle, lancet', hillock, meadow, lassie, pipkin, molecule ^see mole. p. 28), vehicle, globule, lunette, asterisk.'"" Heronry, rookery, braggart, wizard' balloon, trombone. Witless. Reddish, putrescent, akaloid, rhom- boidal. Always, crosswise, quickly. Eastern, eastward, easterly. Wooden, earthen, aqueous, saline, cedrine. Foolish, godlike, godly, wintry, beauteous, winsome, plenary, lunar, human, oval,'*^'' civfli marine, puerile, tpstaceous, ethical, *'•'»« cardiac, 'o^ Herculean, Levite, conoid. Joyful, joyous, learned, troublesome, funny, violent, verbose, various, fervid, futile, vivacious. Eatable, active, placable, edible, cathartic. Twofold, forty, triple, treble. Lower, soften, cleanse, finish, sully, worry, satiate, expedite, rarefy, civilize, adver- f iee. Batter, crackle, agitate, philosophizo. (ilven in tlie onU-r of ilio Proflxps iiiirl .Afflxes In iht> Trthles. !i&A^»'Vii -^ 1:»^JL*'A' IX. H6t Words Arranged According to their Meaning. Citable 0f Il00l0. PRONUNCIATION OF THE ROOTS. GREEK AND LATIN.— Accent the dissyllables on the first syllablo. Accent the peimlt. if it contains a diphthong, or is fallowed by tivo consonants or by a double consonant (z, x, or J) ; but if it ends in a vowel, followed by another vowel, accent the antepenult. When only one consonant separates the penult, from the last syl- lable, no general rule can bo given, and the proper syllable will be found accented in the Table. In Greek, the ff and ch are always hard, and a double g is pro- nounced as nff. Example : m^ , Ucin, pronounced awjdldn. In Latin, pronounce the c and g according to the rule given on p. 44. The final c is always a separate syllable in Greek and Latin, and therefore of course, cs. Otherwise, sound the vowels and con- sonants as in English. N. B. — Accent the penult, in all Latin verbs ending in a-rc, u^ri, i-re, or i-ri, SAXON. — The c and g arc always hard. But ce sounds like ch poft. Example : ccarcian, pronounced charkian. Tlie unaccented vowels are all short. The accenied vowels sound thus: — a = a long, as ham, pronounced havn;. 6 = e " fet, " feet. i = i " d!c, •' dike. 6 z=z 00 " buc, " book. " = OM " mus, «' mouse. ee = a short, as hal, pron (f=:e long. hal; but flc'.— rt/*, as dael pron. diiM,' €B TABLE OF ROOTS. 1-57. FRiafCH.— The sounds of the vowels are a := ah in English, e = iS, »• = ec, = 6 or 6, u h sounded nearly as in the Scotch wor(ly«/rf On = 00 m English, «« or can = o, oi = wah, m sounds some- what like « m/«^ ?a = uur, but « after q is silent, as d/j«^. Ihe final consonant is silent, except in the case of c, f, I, r. E final- is mut« ae in English, unless it is accented. M oi- n'final is nasal •ounding almost like mj in English, but with the g sujipressed. Ch ^ 6h in English. Joy g soft is sounded like « in phrmtre Gn = ny. In ille final the double I = y?, with perhaps a very slight sound of the / before i/r. The r is rolled more than in English. S Iwtween two vowels = z. WORDS RELATING TO THE BODY. 1. Body, L. corptis. 1. Flesh, L. caro {carnh*) ■ ©. mrx 4. Blood, L. sanguis; G. haima, G. Vein, L. m?fi; G. jMrp-s, 8. Bone. L. os {ossis) ■ G. 06'^ro^?. 10. Skin, L. c ;/<2s, p^ZZes; G. der- m- 13. To sweat, L. sudare. 14. Pore, G. poro^. 15.. Head, G. kiphhdi, whence L. m^«/, whence F. (';5r/'; C. /tra. 19. Headlong, L. prcBceps, promts. 21. Fordiead, L. fronJ 22. Skull, G. kranhn. 23. Hair, L. pihs, capdla ; G. /.•»,«^, Mia. 27. Face, L. /«(•«>«— also form, appearance. 28. Nose, G. rhin; L. nasus, whence S. jicss, a promontory. 31. A smell, L. odor. 32. Fragrant, L./rffz/m^s. 33. Ear, L. anris. 34. Hear, L. au- dire ; G. akoiidn. 30. Deaf,— also foolish, L. mrdus. 37. Fool- ish, doting, F. folic. 38. Eye, L. ot'idus; G. o/w, o2->hihahnos. 41. To see, L. ,s;;j^'- fms zvVfV.' (^■^s7^s), whence F. rc*/r; G. ndo (I see), */l-^j9^'L, i/^m^- thai. 47. A sight, G. oru'ma. 48. Fair, G. kalos ; F. iffl«, 60. Clear, — also renowned— L. darns. 51. Mouth, Jj.os (oris); a. stoma; ¥.houchc. 54. T«oth, L. dnis. 55. 'longue, L. lingna ; G. gldssa. 57. Voice, L. vox. » JvJIw^'M" "i^y^y^Kiven -n the infinitive mood in ,liis table. Tlie f„rnn »iW LnLu, and fiTiirh vn l.t, arc' tli. ir prrfpct piirticiiles |)asMve! folioweflT. -w .».*«<*s 1^ the ,,res. part arfi^ -.' Ihe roots in I>U.klt,.are not Snt^^^ V TABLB OF ROOTS. 58-171. 67 S8. Call, L. vocare, clamare ; G. kalein. 61. Speak, L. di'cere, loqui {locuHm), orare, narrarc—iiho relate, fari {fatm, fans); Q. Irgdn, phrasein, phanai; F. parlcr. 70. Comi-iain, L. queri ; p. pldndri Tl. Announce, L. nunclare. ; a. aggdlein, 74. Silent, L. mutm: bo silent., L. tacJre, siWre. 77. Eat, L. vomre, c^dere ; G. phagcin. Taste, L. gmtare ; F. tdter. 82. Chew, L. masticare ; F. manger, 84. Have a flavor of, —also be wise, "L.sa^perc. 8.5. Food, L. victus; G. trophe, 87. The palate, L. palaHunu 88. Gnaw, L. r^'tiftrc : bite, L. viordc're, *M. Drink, L. 6i7;t'r<^, ^oCrcre / S. drincan; cup, L. 6'«//.i-. 94. Suek. L. sorbJrc. siJgcre. 90. Vomit, L. t'(y'/?itw; G. emcin. 98. II«n- ger, L. fames. 99. Sweet, L. 52. Rib, L. fasifrt. 107. Heart, G. kcmlia, whence L. cor. 109. Eellj, L. wwto-; stomach, G. ga.'^er. 111. Bile, chole; juice, G. chumos, chulos. 114. A gut, string, G. chorde. 115. The cud, I., rwmn. 116. The back,'L. c^or- 117. Sit, L. .sr^^f^V^, {sessus): seat, G. .Wr«.- couch, L. ^^r^ww. 120. Lie, L. cuiiJbere., cubarc, jacJre : lay, S, Iccgnn, 124. Bend, S. 6?^^(7rt«; G. klinein, whence L. chancre; Jlec'iere (Jlexu.s). 128. Turn, G. pole in ; L. ver'tere (versm) ; ¥. tourncr. 131. A turning G. strophe, trope. 133. Tend towards, L. vcr'gcre: axis, G. axis. 135. Arm, G, hrachion, whence brackium, whence F. bras : fore- arm, L. nlna. 139. Hand, G. f/^r/r; L, mamcs. 141. Finger G. dak'tidos: L. c^.'y'/^^^ 143. Palm, L. palma : nail, G c>««a'. 145. Touch, L. frn.'^trc (/r,*^„,s). 146. Take, L. ccJp,Te, suhmre; G. labiin. 149. Seize, L. prcheh'dere ; S. grapian. 151. Leg, G. shlos: foot, G. ^^ow.^, whence L. pes {pedi.s). 154. Limb, L. merabrum ; G. Ao/ow— also intestine. 156. Go, L. ire {itum, iens), cJdere (t^mw*-)— also yield, viJdrre, g'radi '■ G, benai ; S. gnngan, faran ; F. «^/fr. 164. Wander, G. planau • L. errarc, migrare, vagan. 168. More, nvxoOre {viotus) ; motion G.mnta^. 1 70. Slow, L. ^rtr,.J«.s; G. «om9. 216. Pain, L.^w^a-also penalty; Q. algos. 218. Plague, L. ^r./.'..- wound, L. .«^«„«. -J-0. Itch. L. 5c«iws.' swelling, L. /«6tr .• lean, L. maccr. 223. Poison, L. mwrnm, virm: G. /o.i'iVM;« ; cure, L. medc'ri, cnrare-inkB care of : drug, G. phar'makon. 229. Death, L. mors funics; G. thanhitos : dead, G. nckros : tomb, L. «^^e^c7.r«.« • G. taplws, tuvihos. 236. Beget, produce, "L. gigUxcre {genHtus), par' ere ; G. phuein : b, cennan : nourish, L. nutrire. WORDS RELATING TO ANIMAL LIFE. 241. A race, G. genos, whence U genus {gcn'eris) ; S. o/n (kin) : ^ock. L. grcx, (grtgi^): crowd, L.turba, 246. Animal, L. an'imal; G. 2o-o«.- beast, L. 6«^j«. S^y. Bird. TABLE OF ROOTS. 249-347. 69 L. ny/.s- ; G. ornis {orni'tJm). 251. Wing, L. ala, pinto; Or.pteron: feather, L. penna; F, plume. 2bG. Fly, L, volare: frisk, ^.frician. 258. Eagle, L. aq'nila. 259. Crane, G. ger'anos : swan, O. kuknos : magpie, L. pica : chicken, L.jndlus : egg, L. ovum. 2f)4. Horn, L. cornu ; O. kcras. 20G. Crush, L. cnista: hide, L. 5«r5« — ^also purse, corium, whence F, cuirc, leather. 270. Milk, O. gala {galak'tos), whence L. lac {lactis). 272. Shell, L. concha, testa ; G. oti'trakon. 275. Horse, G- hippos; L, cq^'gc're(aucti(s), vigt^re. 324. Swell, TuJume're, turgOre: a bug, S. i«>/^, 327. Tree, li. arbor; G. dendrGn : rank, L. ran'cidus: luxuriance, L. luxus. 331. Root, G. ;■/,;«; L. radix, ^tirps ; S. w/y;-^. 335. A shoot, ¥.prepac.mum; Q. melon. »WO:^J)S REL. J he country, L. r«. (ruHs), l\ pa^,s : ,,aiiv3 'land, h. j>atria. 3/8 the ground, L. «o;^.>«, hui^s,~-y,hm::^ hu^mdus, moists <-. ^?^re. 421. A drop, L. stilla, gutta : to drop, S. drypan. -^ ^.. am, V,. .^Unu3 ; L. r.T/jor. 42G. iJ«w, L. roa (ro;-is): fount, i^Jont. ^ , ^'mw/rm,,. TABLES OF UWTd. — 428-513. 71 428. Wave, L. ztnda ; sea, L. marc; S. »rr<; — also a lake; O. pel 'Off OS. 432. Float, S. JlMau. 433. Pool, C. lin : hiy, L. .s-i««^— also tho bosom. 435. Ship, G. nait.'i, whence L. navis. 437. IsLinfl, L. in'sida ; C. innis or inch ; Q. ne'sa; S. ca. 441. FloM% L, ./??< ere {flnctu^) ; G. rAt/;?— also to speak ,• ;S. jlowan. 444. River, G-. pot'amos ; L. rivus. 44G. Tide, "L. (Bstuis — also heat: estuary, C. ahcr, vivcr : ford, C. at?i. 450. Fire, L. j^nis; Or. pur: flame, h.Jlamma : smoke, Jj. fumns. 454. Heat, L. ra^o;-; a. ikerme. 455. Burn, 8. brcnnan ; "L. flag- irare, candihc, n'rcre {ustus), torre re {toatus) : Q. kaiein (fut. kauso), ^hlcgein. 4G3. Eiviud, («.) G. stigma : quench, mark, L. sting^usre {stinctus). 4G5. Cold, L. frigiis : ice, L, ^c/k, gla'eies. 468. Prostf O. /[.r«r)s ; freeze, L. frige re, rige re, be ytiff. 471. Winter, CJ-. chciimn, whonoo L. AiV/ws-. 473. Season, F. a'«jw« / spring, L. WT-.- autumn, L, auctumnus. 470. Air, G, fi'er, aither: wind, L. vent us ; G. an'emos 480. Hollow, L. /-ay^w* ; G. ^-ot7(7A', whence L. caelum, heaven = G. ou radios. 484. Spread, L. paii'dere (passus) ; stretch, L. /f'« dere.. 486. Sun, G. //e'/wi' ; L. sol. 488. Moon, L. hcna. 480. Star, L. sidus, Stella; G. ffs^row. 492. Meteors, G. mcteo^rti. 493. Shine, L. spknde're, luce re, illusirare^ 496. Light, L. Z?/jr, ^;<»je« ; G. phos. 499. Kise, S. stigan : L. or/>j— whence orihio. the beginning, sur^gere {sur rectus). WORDS RELATING TO THE FAMILY. 503. Man, L. vir, homo, whence F. homme ; anthrd'po*, ariir {audros) : viiaie, L. mas. 609. Hero, G, herds : person, L. perso'na. 511. WomaJi, L. ftrn'tna, whence F. femme; Q.^tta, 73 TABLE OP ROOTS.-— 51 4-59!>. ol7. \\.le, L ,,or: bruks O. ..;.^./.,. r,,.,, ^. ^ Bon. L.y,/,«..; brother, a. ada.ko. ; l,j,,aer, ^wflA/.tf ' 533. Mothor. O. .,.-/e>, Mhoneo L. ,nal.r ; F. ./.,«.: ...arringe, WOEDS RELATING TO THE STATE. 5-K). Nation. L. natio ; Q. ethno.. 512. The people, L. «.;,'«. /"yA7., vu^gns; S.fole; a ,,,„ ,,,,,,_ . ^3 Public' as.e^nlly 551. King, L. n.r, whence Y.roi: lord, G. /..;•/...; L. chm'inus ^,^sur; queen L. ,.,..., ,..7. Throne. G. aro^^. Z^ o(.I. i^.ant,G. .....o,vA,.y.,^,, cruel, L. .v../, ///,. 504. Prince. •L. ^/-iy^c/,^,.' ; noble, L. no'bilis ■ S. ..//,._al.o wretched. ^ •Joo. i\ raiik, 11. ruiU], Me /«../«.,. 500. Citizen. L..v>i.s-.. town, village S Ll *to<-/fc (or ,tow) ; by (Danish). " ' ' \ Jm% TABLE OF ROOTS.— 600-084. 73 OCX). Law, L. l(\v {lv(ju), whence F. lol; O. nomoi^. 603. Justice, jvs 'Juris): a Jurlgo, K jiidrx ; G. XvvVcv .• to judge, S. d(£ matt 007. Oil'iecr, S. r/crr/u .- lavvsuil, L, lis (li/is); witness, L. ^.v//.s; G-, mart II r. QW. QowiXcnm,!,. (Inmnnrc. : crime, L. criiacn. (5 1", I'aiiK, L. «yu>e, casfujare. 625. Thief, L../«/- .- greedy, L. aw^ r«s, WORDS RELATING TO WAR AND PEACF. 627. War, G. joo/ W/20A', whence L. hrlUim: subdue, h. dnmarc, inn'crrr (>w'fas) ; G. daman. 6;]2. Fame, L. fama : bravery,' virtu,i~also virtue. 634. Force, L. ris : streiigth. L. fors~nho chance. 636. Rob, L. pilare: snatch. L. ra'pcre: the spoil, L. pnfda, spolinm; G. sHle; S. m./'^. 612. Cut, kill, L. cce'derc {cr.; S. ..«../.,«. 0!)2 Sine 701. Write. L. ,cri here (scripts) ; Q.^raphein: lot tor, O. ,/ram. . W ord. L. ..rA«,« ; G. rpo,, lo^o,-.aho a doctrine. . ' ' ;/'^;';f ' ^- ■?^''"'«**^' •■ O- pM?'asv/w,s_rtl8o the creation, and beauty, grace, L. deem. 730. Carve, Q.^lnphcin; ^.grafian; T, .,c^^/>rg. 733. i,iia..e li. tnia cjo ; G. nr/o'/o;^ ikon : pattern, L. extmplum. 737 Paint' L. pe. '^.v ipictus). 738. 1,^-e, Btain, L. tin > w (//../«;) : dip' L. myrgcre {^mrsm) ■ G. haptdn. 741. Color, L. r./..; G. chroL. 743. Black, L. niger ; G. w.'/«.v ; S. swart ; C. dim. 747 Red L. r^i..; R rou.,e. 749. White, L. Wa.cv,., «;i,,... "pale,' L. ^«/ '/iV/MA'. /.'•i. Green, L. vir'idus Toio. Blue, L, ca whence R ■?; c;;;. .:m. 750. Yello.y, 754. Gray, F. ,//•/*■ F. yrt««e. -r-n Jf'^-f*';P^'T- /«'•'««- also beauty: figure. J..fi<,nl „- Gr.morphe. /OO. C ircle, L. ori/.v, ciriadas; G. /v.^-/^., .^/.-X,,,. ,;„;.o.. 7(35 Cen- tre L. ..,./.«.., from G. kcntr. a goad's j^int : point. S. ^./, /OS. Ray, L. radius. 709. Globe. L. globu. .■ G. .^.^m. «,7o.- also hair, wool. 772. Tube, L. tuba : pipe, G. aulas. 774 1; lie, L. "a: ihv^.xd, Ij.filu>n, fibra. 777. Angle, L. .. n gulm ; G. goiuu .- cross, L. fr w (crucis) : crook, i- •,;^.; S. cr.. c. 782. Square, L. <^uadnj .- F. ;.«««w?/. 784. tiide. h. laL: botl Um, '^.j'tndusiQ. br '.y. 1 ? TABLE OF KOO-IS. 787-86f>. ♦ 5 787, 'End, h. fin if, ter'odimn ; G. telon : beginning, G. o;v7/e - also chief T'.'l. Boundary, L. li?nrs (lim'tiin); G. horos. 703. MidcUc. 7nfsos; h.medius, 7V5. Stop, L. paum ;¥,bnnre. 797. Knot, J noilifs. 708. Within, G. cntos, whence L. intu/i (comp, interior, eiip. in'iiiiius). 800. Build, L.stru'tTi' {.i/ructiin): house, li.crdeSydomm; G.oiJ-os: tent, G. skeni. 805. Court, F. cour: hall, L. aula. 807. Porch, G. s/o« ; L. portico : gate, L. ^or/rt. 810. Pillar, G. iftulos : L. columna, 812. Folding-doors, L. valvce : key, L.dd' >. 814. Bo.ird, table, L. tuh'ula ; G, trapeza ; S. il . Boil, cook, Q.prptein; L. co'quere {coctus), whence P. cuire : melt, L, lique're. 8G5. Deli« caci'^. L. delince. 8GS. Br. L. vanit : meal, L. far, viola: pudding, G. poltos. Tfi lAllLE OF HOOTS. — 870-90,'}. «7() Mould, D. y?,/^,,, (>./,,.)_ V'h (Muss, L, ;•//; ^v w ('«///'///,.) , i<'. ,,,/, also foi^rn ; G. ;>f icin '"■ 87(5.. \\-lieel, L ""' ^. >'itn(„i. 87(5, "•; u. Xv^//^/,/, >V// ' M-l O'-tX'^). 87U. 1 ou,.. L. /,,>u, J'"i!/'rr{J,nnin.s),,,,r'^, (muim). 881. ./ -"i^iufokiiit; F. ,i(l o\ut, L. art us ere join, <<7V ^^'>. Fold, L. ;,//m;-(;. 88( {jurfns)', o. /,,,//, '/•«^. (j)».'.'i/H.s) ; O. fl//i>, 'i'l: shoot, 8. »iveu/a)i '>■ Woavo. S. w/fun ; L. /f «)(>. Throw. L. y«' ''^'«.- wh. ff/esLs and i-^ 803. Plzieo, L. j>,J 'fa.'(Te ', Li. J a' cere nere ntu'vi. a torn T / ""V ""• ^"*^''^'' '^"^ th''»n,, a placing : a , ('"'. .<.-);L..,a,,„: „,.,„„, tX../. ■'^'"- -^ '•""■»'■■ »■ "«•■■" ... otU" ?:w„!). ''r; ■ ""'r™'' ^ '■"'"• '^'- »'">. ''•'5). Veil. L ?v7>/jM . „i . I T ,,. fe"^'>it, u. ry«ff. »iM' -^- ""<'«. cloak, L. pallium, manti Ir 01" v i, i i^.>uulus;Q,,,n,nnos. ^ nil u. JI J. .Naked. !>14. Sow, O, rhaptein, 91-, Tjinrl « ;• 7 ^ , L. Wrm. {soluL.\- •i''^/'!''L-7''''"-''(^"-«'^'). i>l!..Loo.on. /, "7'); G^. bum: looso, L. /,av^.. en. (..^,/..sO-also burst. TABLR OF r{()0T3. &(M-1045. 77 06*. Loiid. P. innwr; L. dnarr; bring forward, L. />rf, ;/»m' {pfomi.fus). !)(i7. Draw, S. f/rr._<7,,» ; a. Kpdn (tpa.sm,, u draw, mg) ; L. /« 'cm; tra 'hrrv {InHns) ■ F. tirrr. J>73. Send, L. niit U :;■ {muHx), Icgan:; (>. ntcllcin. 07(5. Covor, hide, L. hylrr, (trrtii.^); Q. hr,>pfein ; V.roHvn.- 070. Shut, L. daudir,: DSO. Hold, S. /««/e/««; L. Unvrc. 082. Box, f«/.>w. 083, Secretly, L. dam. 08t. Give, L. dare {datiis), trihu 'en ; G. did'onai. 087 Give lip, L, trn'dere : give back, F. rendre. 089. Sell, L. vend'ere; O. ^o/t/?j .• a store, G. thike. 002. Lift, L. levare: take up, G. hainin. 004. Light, L. levis : heave! ^.hrfan: heavy, L. y;-«i.w; G. harm. 008. Hang, weigh, pay, L. pnide'rv: hang over, L. emine're — u\%o excel = eardln-e. ltK)l. Fall, L. cu'dere (vasiis), labi (lajmi.^) ^ ulso glide; Q.piptdv. ltX)4. Weight, L. pondits, whence F. puis 100(j. Balance, L. /<7;rrt, exa'men (the tongue of tbe),/rt«.r (scale). 1009. Trade, merchandise, L. ceap ; L. mera: lOU. Measure, («.) L. vm/»,s— also manner; G. wf^/-o« .- (/-.) L. wf^zV/ (y«^,mw). 1014. Buy, L.m'^w.- price, L.pretium: ovfe, L. debe'rc (dibUfus), whence F. dteoir. 1018. Leave, L. /t^i'^^/rrc {lidus) ■ G. /<'i>^i; F. quitter: spare, L. par' cere. WORDS RELATING TO NUMBER AND QUANTITY, 1022. Number, G. arithnm ; L. nit'mcrus. 1024. Quantity, L. qiian'titas; how many, L. jj^f);; .■ space, L. spatium. 1027. One, S. «?? ; L. units : single, alone, L. .so^^s, dn'gubis; G. w>«os. 1032. First, G. ^Jz-o/oa ; L. primis : former. L. prior '; before, F. flva;?^- after, L. posi* ; G. husiteron. 1038. Two, ^.twa- G. and L. duo: both, G. «wMo— whence L. «?«/;o. 11)42. Twice, S. bU ; Q.dis: second, G. rf*tt'/eroi(; L. a«eundus. 78 TABLE OF ROOTS.— 1046-1 14fi. 1046. Three, G. trcis, whonoo L. tres : third, L. tcHna^. 10-lU. Four, L. quatuor: fourth, F. Marios. 1051. Five, G. 2H-rte ; L. guinquc. I0o3. Six, G. hex, whence L. Sf^-. lODf). Seven! O. ^.;)/.,, whence L. sep/em. 1057. Eight, G. and L. oe^o! 10.)8. Ten, O. ,/rhi, whence L. c?^^;;,. lOGO. A hundred, O. hei'- aton; L. centum. 10G2. A thousand. L. »uUc ; ten thousand, G. muriofi. 10G4. Equal, G. wo.s ; L. par, csq,n/s. 1007. Great, L. fframlis, va.stm—YABt, viac/ms~comp. major, sup. nuuimus ; G. wm«.'; F. (/ros ; C. ;«o;*. ]07.''\ Small, L. 2Mrvus~com. minor, sup. min'imus ; G. mikros; C. %.• little, few, G. oZ'/yos.- nothing, L. nihil. 1082. Few, h.pauciis: many, L. tnul/iis— com. plus ; Q. polus. 108(). Last. L. uVliuim. 1087. Neither, L. wez/Y^r. 1088. Enough, L. satis. 1081). Part, L.^'rm^; whole, G. holos; L. (-«/?<« .- all, L. omnis ■ Q.pas (pantos): »um, L. sia/inia: a,(}(\,L.ad'drn'. I09G. Lessen^ L.minu'ere: fill, L. plrrc ; be full, G. plelhis: true, L. verus ; G. r, '«;«,;«, n true root. 1 115, Right, straight, G. orthos : the right, L. d,'Mvr .• the left, L. .si/«J6'/er. 1118. Crooked, L. curvus, ohUiqum. 1120. Had, L. ^wa^wa-— com. (/r/cV/or (or pejor), vilis ; G. /^v^Avm- : badly, G. das. 112.'). Vice, L.fiVi'wwi: vain, L. m)<«.s: rudo, L. rae/is, bai 'barns. 1129. Short, L. bnvis; G. s^pmi? ; F. court. 1132. Long, L. /'>?w/rw. 1,33. Hroad, S. brad ; G. ^j^.^/m*-. whence L. lafas, a.iii.nl'ii.s — also lar^e. ipb C. (tril : height, G. n^rxi 1137, Hi-h, L. (in us, WtlCIU'O haul lUl. Tliick, L. d«v.v.i.%; G. p»ch TABLE OF ROOTS. 114:3-1224. 79 il43. Thin, L, rarus, ten' ids: tender, L. tenir. 1146. Soff, L. molUs: mild, L. lenis, mitis: fierce, h.firox. 1150. Like, G. homos; L. sim'ilis: regular, 0. hom'alo.i 1153. Such, L. qualis: fi^,, L. ap/iis: easy, L.fac'ili.^. 1156. Near, L. ;;w^e~8up. proximns, next. 1 158, Sharp, sour, L. rtrMV«.s ncrr, whence F. fli^^re ; G. oxus : bitter, ac'ridus. 1163. Blunt, obtu'tiui, 1164. One's self, L. (c ; G. autos: private, L. frivu'hts ; Q. idios—aXso peculiar: one's own, L. propria. 1160, Another, G. hd'iros. alloN, whence L. alim, nlttru.% 1185. Firm, L. Jlnaus, Jixu.<. 1187. Solid- L. sol'idus ; G. stereos, 1189. Year, L. «««(/.•— also a ring; month, L. wy7/.v<.s-. liyi. Week, G. hiJMomas (i. e. the seventh). 11 <)0 ])u\, L. f/«. v F.>»r; G. /(e/rt'rnv. 111)5. Night, h. nox {noctis^. lilfC. 'Ju- morrow, L. rm*^. 1197. At the same time, L. simvl: iViqnent, lj,Ji\qaen,f. 1199. Old, G. pr€,sh>/s, arckii'o^ ; L. smcx—com^. xinior, vifm an/iquus, whence V. a»rin>. 12t)6. Young, L. Ju'vans-comp. Junior. 1208. New, L. novus; G. jjcas-. WORDS RELATING TO RELIGION. 1210. God, G. ///ws, whence L. f/«/.s-, rf/t'^.s-. 1213. Spirit, G. dciimo,>. 1214. Look after, regard, L. im'ri (fu/iu). 1215. Watch, L. vigilare: cautious, L. cmdus; S. wwr. 1218, Fate. L. ./>?/?/.»£ (i. p. what' is apokon and decreed L. snrs ; G. kle ron 1221. Divination, G. tiutntei L. omMi : wonder, G. f^ciumti : strange, L. minify. ) : iot, omw». 80 TAHLE OP ROOTS. 1225-1311. 1220. Temple, L. tcnipUim, fnnum. 1227. Ai^pease, Jj. con- riliarr, ])iarc, appo^se by sacrifice — wlience xnuf', pious, ])lacar/'. 1201, A(l(jnition, G, latrri'a-. prayer, h. I'rvx (prcci.s); G. litanii'd, ] :?M. Bid, pray, 8.bid(hin; It, or are — also speak : vow, L, vove're {votinn), 1137. Oath, G. horkos; L. sacramcntiim: swear, L. jurare, I'^Mm. Own, profess, h.fatv'ri (fas.v/s). 1241. Hymn, G. humnns, paian, 1243. Praise, D. laudare, phf udar c—ciho clap the hands. 124.5. Sacred, holy, L. saccr, mncfi's; S. hne)i. 1294. Ask, seek, L. pc'tere, postulare — also demand, rn(/are, qua'rere {qu^si'/i/x) ; F. cherchcr. 129'J. Shun, L. (.•iV(/rr ; Jose, L. per' d ere. 1301. Find, F. trouver ; L, reperire, 1303. IJeny, L, ncgare. 1304. Promiso, sponde'rc. 1305. Believe, S, ^/vo- tt^j'rtH ; cre'dere. 1307. Trust, L. fi'dere: a pledge, F. ya^e. l.^OU. Sure, L, ffrtus: douhle ]>. di/hi/nrr; G. skrpttiMhai, TABLK OF KOOT3. 1.31fM400. SI 1312. Show, L. monstrarc: appear, Q. p/uiiriasi/uii ; L part' re -also obey. 1315. Prove, L. probare. 1310. Remind, L mo- «.'..; re.uomber. O. «.«.?.; L. «im;«i; mindful, L. ,nemar. 1320. torgetfulness, G. lithe: L. ^W/i^w. 1322. Advise, L. *•««- -«.y. 1319. Hurt, L. nocJrc, Wdcrc—iiho to strike. 1351 An^er 13ob. Stumbling block, G. .lan'dalon. 1357. Avenge, L vindi- mre: fnghten, L. terrJre: care, L. c«m; dread, shudder at. L. /lorrc'rc, timc'ra ; Q.p/iobcin; bewail, L. jilorare. 1304. Hope. L,sperare: tremble, L. ^m«W, ./i.«... oscillare. 1308. feo'-row, L. ././.. ; ^;..^Y.^ = it repents me: pudct = i, shames me. lJ/1. To comfort. L. nolari. 1372. Bear, suffer, S. beran; L. tolerare.-ferre, tuli, tol'Urc load, L. om.^. 1382. Feel. L. ^«^/ {pass^u.) : feeling, O. ^«^ Jv. 1384. Have, S. hcMan; L. hubc're : wh. F. awiV. 1387 Keen L. scroare. 1388. Sti.k tu, L. A.... V. (A.^.v.) ; S. dijian. ' ' 1390. Try, G. pdrdn ; F. fl6-.«^6'/-; L. ^t'«/«r^; strive. L. cer- ^«'-^. 1394. Stir up, L. stimulare, ciJre {citus). 1396 Excite ment, G. orye. 1397. Bo eager or }u>t in. L. ^r./.'n, fcrv.'rc ■ zoal. G. ,'e7o.v. 1400. Help, L. juvarc (Jntim). tJocabularii, WORDS RELATING TO THE BODY, i.— BONES, "' Skeleton, the bony framework of the body. " Osseous, bony, composed of bone. ^ Ossification^, turning into bone. ' Osteology,''"' an account of the skeleton. ^ Perios'teum, the membrane covering the bones. ''"* Vertebra, Vertebra, a joint of the backbone. Fo'cile, F., a bone of the forearm or foreleg. Ca'ri-es, L., rottenness of the bono, "ic Ligament, the substance uniting the bonea; SB** Dislocate, to force a bono out of joint. ^ Charnel-house, a dead-house. Cartilage, gristle : //•. L. ii.— THE SKIN. "^' Cutaneousj belonging to the skin. " Peltry, ekins with fur on them, '" Cuticle, the thin coat of the skin, ^''' Epidermis, the outer or scarf skin. Tattoo, to puncture and stain the skin. {Polynesian). Fell-monger, a dealer in hides. ^^^ CosmetiCt a preparation for beautifying the skin. ^^ Coriaceous, of or like leather. Cic'atrice, /''., a scar or seam from a wound. '■^'^'^ Excrescence, something growing on the surface. Sweat (/■), moisture exuding from the poreti" of tho skiti. f -^ 1^ 279 tr^^^t T n «f ti the pox. Measles, a disease i;!' Ihe skin. Erysipelas, G., a dangerous eruption of tho skin. If Jgjgglil^^"^*"^ WORDS RELATING TO THh BODY. 83 m»- iii.— THE HEAT). * Cephal'ic, belonging to the head. '"Precipice, a headlong slope. "^ Vertj-^o, giddiness. '^ Decapitate, to behead. ^'^ Pencranium, the membrane covering the skull. *''^ Hydra, a fabulous many-headed monster. '" Occip'ital, situated at the oc'cipiU or back of the head. *" Frontal, placed on the forehead. iv. -THE HAIR. '''* Cap'illary, like a hair in finenesb. "■Dishevelled (dinh-), having disordered hair. ^^ Peruke, a wig, or periwig. Hirsute, shaggy, hairy. Moustache, B., hair on the upper lip. v.— THK FACE '" Profile, a side view of the face. '"^ Physiog'nomy, '"7 the face as an index"' of character. ^'x' ^"■'Disc, a round flat surface. '^« Facade (c), F„ the front of a building. Facets, the surfaces of a crystal or gem. ;ii vi.— THE SMELL. Odoriferous,'"* Fragrant,^^ sweet-smelling. Fe'tid, having an offensive smell. L.fcetidus, ^' Inodorous, without smell. ^ Deodorizer, 8omethin.i; which destroys smell, a disinfectant.*" "*-' Olfactory nerve, the nerve of smelling. ^^ Nasal {z), belonging to the nose. Effluvium, L., minute particles or vapor emanating from bodies. vii.— THE EAE. ^^ Auric'ular, belonging to, or told in the ear. Auricle, the outside ear. Labyrinth, the inner part of the oar, from its convolutions. ■'■'■ Acousties, the science of sound and hearing. Hearken (kar), to listen. Aurist, an ear doetor. *^ Auscultation, sounding the lungs. ■^1^ 84 TOCABULARY. viii.— THE EYE, •*" Ocular, seen by the eyo. ■*" Oculist, '•''Oplithalmist, an eye doctor. *" Ophthalmy, a disease of iho eyes. ^'•'^ Ret'ina, the part ol' the eyo where objects aro drpietcrT. ^* Optics, the Bcience of light, color, sight, &c. Optician, a maker of or dealer in optical instruments, ix.— THE TASIE. "■• Insipid, tasteless,'** hence silly. ""^ Acrid, having a sharp biting taste. Sali'va, Z., the spittle (which aids in digestion). Oargle, to wash the mouth and throat. Larynx, G., the windpipe, the gullet. Saccharine, sweet, like sugar : fr. Sanserif. X.— THE TEETH. ** Dentist, a (00/ // doctor. '■•^ Incisors, the cutting teetu. '^^'■^ Canine teeth, the c^o teeth. Grinders, the double teeth, the molars.* Tusks, the large canine teeth nf the boar, &c. **'' Masticate, to chew. **^ Dentition, the cutting of the teeth. 86' Dentifrice, tooth powder. *L. moles, a iiiiiss. xi.— THE VOICE AND THROAT. "' Vocal, belonging to tlio voice. Soprano, It., the highest female voice. Falsetto, /., an artificial yo\(tQ. Guttural, the voice sounding in the throat, — in L. g'litiur. '"" Ventril'oquism,®^ deceiving by a feigned voice. Jugular, belonging to the neck, — in L. jwndum. xii.— THE BODY. ' Corporeal, belonging to the body. ^^* Immaterial, not formed of material, spiwtu il. • Coroulencv. bulkines» >>f tkis bu), a convulsion of 'he Btomach. "* Rheumatism, a disease of the larger joints and rnuBcleH, **" Spasm, an involuntnry contraction, ^*^' Paralyt'ic, affected with paralysis. "^^^ Paralysis, (contracted pahi/), deadness of the nerves. Ague, chill, the cold fit before a lever : fr. S. ^** ' Aposteme, aposturae, an abscess. '^^ Abscess, a morbid cavity in the body 943 'r Plague, a contagious disease, a nuisan vua xxiii.— BIRTH. *"' Natal, belongini,' to birth. '"- Generate, to beget, produce. Fecundity, fertility, the being prolific : fr. L. Prolific,* bringing forth numy young. '"" Nativity, time or place of birth. * Consanguinity, relationship. i03;t Pri'mogen'iturc,'''"' eoniority. '«•' Ovip'arous,"-'^ briiigino forth young in egpy. '^^ Viviparous, bringing lorth young alive. Ovoviviparous, intermediate between the two last, as the mar- supialsf or pouched animals {kavgaroo, ij v.) ■* A. 7)n hijVac. ply- WORD, JATING TO ANIMALS. XXV.— ANIMALS. Menagerie, F,, a (Collection of animals. '■'" Zo-ol'ogy, the science treating of animals. ■■'^^ Animalculoe, minute animals, mostly microscopic. '''^ Mammals, animals whicli suckle their young. ^"'^ Zo'-ophyte, a liein;: part aninuil, part vegetal 'e. ^"* Zo-olite, a foi*sil.''"7 ■"^^ Quadruped, '^^ a four-footed animal. '"■"^ Biped, a two-fojted animal. Hybrid, , /v. Z. ; Mongrel («), an animal of ;«ut(/ breed. "' Ruminating, chewing the cud. **^ Gregarious, living in flocks or herds. '"^" Amphibious, '■'" breathing both in air and water. '"^ Carnivorous,''^ flesh eal i iig. ^^^ Graminivorous, eating grass. "'^' Omnivorous, eat ing all sorts of food. ^"'Bovine, belonging to the ox kind. '"* Vertebrata, animaU3 having a bony skeleton. MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1^ II 2.8 II 3.2 II 3.6 ;|4.o 1.4 1 2^ 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 A APPLIED IIVHGE Inc i B'53 tost Main Street Rochester, New York U609 USA (7IC) 482 - 0300 - Phone i7lf>) 288 - 5989 - Fox 90 VOCABULARY. Asinino,* belonging to (he ass kind. '^'** Feline, belonging to the cat kind. Palaeontology, t the science of fossil or extinct^* animals. */.. usinus an «s. W. palaios. old. and on (ontos) a bein«. XI vi. —BEASTS OF GAME. Cervine,* belonging to the deer kind. Antlers, F., the branches of a deer's horns. Pollard, a stag that has cast his horns. Polled, without horns : from poll. Paddock, a small enclosure for deer. '^^ Venison, the flesh of game. ^ Chamois, F., a wild goat of the Alps.7-" ^'" Caribou, a species of Amor, deer : from F. ci-rf* hmif. "« ^_^ Cony {il), a species of rabbit, (in the Bible the' hyrax). Eeynard, a familiar name for the #ox. Vixen, a she fox, (from /o.re?? .?) -^^'^ Leveret the young of the hare, which is called the rabbit in x$r. America. ^«^» Burrow, a rabbit's or fox's hole: v. to dig holes or burrows. Warren, a place frequented by rabbits. *Z. cervua, a stag. xxvii.— THE DOG, '"'^ Canine', belonging to or like the dog. Mastiff F., a largo dog. Harrier, a dog for hunting hares. ^^^ Spaniel, a dog noted for sagacity and obedience. F, o p 1 57 .353^^!!""^^°^'*'"'' ^ ''''''''^^' ^^' '''''''''■' ^l^o' -U'ulness or rubies. ' Iiabid, mad, raging. xxviii.— THE HORSE. "® Hqueatrian, relating to riding. *'^ Equine, belonging to the horse kind. ^^_ Team, horses or cattle yoked. L. tern, a wagon-polo. "Courser, a swift horse, a hunter. '^-J Belay, a supply of horses to rdicve others. i -k «»WW»(WWfc.';: AM IMA U. 91 i bbit in vs. 57. s. M. "''' Cav'alcade", a procession on horseback. *** Hippof'^-ome,'^® a race course. ^''^ Cap-riole', a caper, a leap without advancing. Prancing, pranks, springing or bounding. Menage (ah^h), F., a riding school, a place for horse training. *^^ Equerry, tt e officer in charge of the horses of a prince. >2°^ Vet'erinary art, that of healing horses, cattle, &c. ^''^ Farrier, one who shoes horset, a horse doctor. >"» Carvet', a frolic, a bound. »"^ Surcingle, a girth. '^^ Rowel, the ring of a spur. Palfrey, F., a ladj's horse. Mustang, a wild horse of the S. W. prairies. Zebra, L., a striped wild ass in Africa, XXIX.— BEASTS OF PREY. "'^^ Leopard, a variety of the panther. G. par dalis, a panther. Jaguar, ^'^Ocolot, S. American leopards. Hyaena, L., a repulsive beast of prey. Wolf, a ravenous beast resembling a dog. S. tmdf. Ennino, a weasel whose fur is white in winter. See p. l.W. ^"^ Leonine, of the lion kind. Bruin, the familiar name for the bear. Lucifee, (from F, hup cervier, wolf stag), the Canadian lynx. Raccoon, a Canadian carnivorous animal. "" Ichneumon, an Egyptian civet, wh. preys on the crocodile's eggs' XXX.— OTHER MAMMALS. ">* Hippopot'amus,,"" a large fierce thick skinned animal. 2si, ^'^'""^^OP*^^''* Giraffe, L., a very tall African ruminant, ^''"Buftalo, a wild bull resembling the American bison. '■"^ Dromedary, a swift camel. Dolphin, a cetaceous animal ; also a fish. G. delphin. '^^i Porpoise, -'*' one of the smaller cetacea. **^ Cetaceous, belonging to the whale kind, or sea mammals. Loviathan, H., a largo monster, (see Job xli.), any thing huge "Rhinocer|4s,2«^ a ""pachyderm^'^ with a horn on its no*.. \J *C, kfthie'!0s, a. camel. '■'W'- 02 vocAiaiAin- i xxxi.— ANIMAL PRODUCTS. •'8" Cochineal {tch), a red dyo from a Mexican ineect. Eider, Gir., the down of the cider diuk. ^''■' Am'borgrifl {grrrf;), a secretion of the pperm whale. Honey, the sweets of flowers; gathered bv thr. bee. 299 ^°*'°°°' ^^'' ^'^'^^'"'•m's nest, whence silk is obtained : fr. F. "" Spermaceti, a wax from the head of the sperm wliale. Rennet, runnet, the stomach of the calf, used to curdle milk. Guano, the fossil dung of the penguin. Peruvian. Caviare (pron. cavccr), a product of tlie roe of the sturgeon Isinglass, a product of the sound (or air bladder) o' the sturgeon, &c. ' xxxi i.— BIRDS. "*" Ornithology, the natural history of birds. ''"Covey (ii), a brood of partridges.* ^^* Plumage, Feathers, tbo natural covering of birds. '^''''Pinion, a wing: a cogged wheel. Talon, F., the claw of a bird of prey. '"Aviary, an enclosure for birds. Eyry, the nest of a bird of prey (from et/ffery). Falconry, tlie capture of birds by trained hawks. L./alco. Gallinaceous, belonging to the pheasant kind. ^®^ Poulterer, a dealer in poultry. *Ju8t as we say a twst of birds, a litti?- of pigs. xxxiii. -KINDS OF BIRDS. Becafi'co (fee), the fig eater. ^ Falcon, a bird resembling the eagle, formerly trained to sport *'"' Eagle, the chief of the birds of prey. Ptarmigan (/-,v-), a bird o*' grouse family, Gndic. Cuckoo, a bird, named fc note, famed for laying its eggs in the nests of other spec.es. ^^ ^ Ostrich, a largo bird rtliich runs, but cannot fly. G. siroidhio. -'•^ Apteryx, a New Zealand bird without wings. Paroquet, F., a bird resembling a parrot. Penguin, a sea hi pd= Pigeon. F.. a bird resembling the gallinn<-e«^, or common fowl. ANIMALS. 93 r.F. '■ milk. 2;eon. of the CO. sport. >gg8 in 'ithio. bird, fowl. ■""ip^ Widgeon, a bird resembling t!»e duck. Horon, B\, a wading bird, called "the crane" in Canada. Pheasant, a valuable gallinaceous bird. See p. 167. xxxi v.— REPTILES. Alligator,* the American crocodile. Iguana, Sp., the edible lizard of tropical America. •"^ Chameleon, '^^* a lizard which changes color. "^'^ Tortoise, a reptile with four logs and a hard sliclL^*" 'o^*^ AmphisbEsna,'^" a serpent fabled to have two heads. Lizard,* a scaly reptile^'^'^ with two or four legs. *Uotli from L. lacerta a lizard, the former tiirouyli the Sixin. XXXV.— FISH. ^'^'^ Ichthyology, the natural history of lish. ^^^ Ichthyolite, a fossil fish, or impression of a fish. ■"^Aquarium, a place for keeping live fish. '=3' Piscivorous," ilsh eating. Ancho'vy, a small delicate Italian fish ; .//•. /. Oumet, guma'--', a fi=h rcsenjbling the stickleback. Gudgeon, a fisli easily caught, hence a credulous simpleton.* Sturgeon, a large cartilaginous fish : fr. F, •'^ Salmon, a valuable coast and river fish. Capelin, the fish commonly used for cod bait. Halibut, a large fiat fish. 'Compare gullible. xxxvi.— INSECTS. 8^" *•" Entomology, the natural history of insects. Insectivorous, feeding on insects. Pupa, L., larva, L., an insect in the caterpillar stare. ■•"^Chrysalis, the intermediate state of insects, (bel.weon the worm and the lly state). 7^» Metamor'pho&ii, • " TransformaUon, the change of shape in insects: hence any change of siiape. Antomise, L., the horn^ or feelers of injects. "'^i Articulated, jointed like insects and crustaceane. ='"<' Crustacea, cniatcd animals, likg the «iab, lobster, &c. 94 VOCABULARY. ■ if "" MoUuscouB, soft, like snails, clams, &c. Musquito, Sp., a troublesome flj : fr. L. musca, a fly. "=> Conch (conk), a large soa shell. Scallop, a shell ; v. to cut curved edges. ^ CaterpUlar, the worm which pi-oduccs the butterfly. "' Spongo, (tl) a zoophyte resembling coral. WOEDS EELATING TO VEaETABLE LIFE. xxxvii.— BOTANY. ^°*' Botany, the science of plants. ■'"^ Herbalist, a collector or student of plants. ^'^'^ Pericarp, the seed vessel of a vegetable.^^'^ '■*" Conservatory, a green house. ExoUc, foreign, (used mostly of plants). G. cxo, without. "^ Indigenous, native, do. do. '°^' Deciduous, the opposite of evei-green. "^ FOament, a fibre of plants, ^^e Fo'Uage, leaves. ■"^ Aquatics, water plants. Bourgeon (j2), to bud or sprout : f/\ F. xxxviii. — TREES. *■»" Nursery, a plantation of young trees. "*'■' Copse, coppice, a wood of small low trees. ""'^ Jungle, brushwood (in the tropics). «2o Forest, a large wood. -"8 Selvas, the forests of" the Amazon. 3" Arbor, Bower, a covered place made with boughs, &c. *^ Vista, a view between rows of trees. xxxix.— THE BLOSSOM.^^' •^•■•'Efflorescence, the time of flowering; in chemistry, the formation ot powder on the surface of bodies. '« Chaplet, Garland, a wreath of flowers. Amaranth, an imaginary flower which never fades. G. a not and mo,t'CLiiie.i)t to wither * ' •Compare the flower Everlasting, and the Frencli " Immortelle." "t^m^ji f E. It. nation a not, VEfllETABtES. 95 ^Floral, belonging to flowers. ■'*' Petal, f„ flower leaf. ^^^ Parterre (iar-e), a flower plot. Bouquet, F., a nosegay, a posy. See p, 58 Nectarimn, Z., tho part of the blossom where the honey liea. ^ Monander,^o7 ^ p]^„t ^j^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^•'^ Flor'iculture, the cultivation of flowers. xl.— THE FRUIT, SEED, &c. Ill'l Espalier, a fruit^^' tree trained on lattice work. 977 ^''°'y^®'^°^' ^ P^^»t ^'thout sad lobes or cof^lrdons 340 ^'yP'°S'^°»0^'"' liaviu^ e seminal organs hidden. Fructify, to boar fruit, or make fruitful. '^' Acorn, the seed of the oak. Orchard, an enclosure of fruit tretn, Leguminous, of the nature of pulse, (peas, beans, &c.) xli.— FOOD PLANTS. Apricot, a fruit resembling the peach : fr. F. Banian, the Indian fig tree. Braadl nut, a S. American nut ^^^ Cocoa, (properly cacao), the tree from which chocolate i. obtained cucumber, a creeping plant, with pulpy fruit. Gherkin (^ ^«r^), a small cucumber for picklin- • fr (in- Guava, Sp., a ««*deliciou8 W. India fruit. " ' ' Almond, a delicate nut from Italy, &c. : fr. F. Celery, a gai-den vegetable : fr. F. Cauliflower, a flowenng cabbage. One variety is called hr6ccoU Nectanno, a kind of stone fruit. G. ncktar, nectar. Omon, an edible" plant with a bulbous root. •^" Pumpkin, a kind of gourd. 363 e^^"^' "" '^''"'^ ^''''P'-* ^a^P^eny, a northern berry. Spinach {age), a plant, the leaves of which are eaten when boiled -» Sycamore, the fig m«lberry-in Canad., the cotton wood Tomato, an excellent American vegetable Wahiut, an edible nut. The Swiss use ite oil for lamps T^mannd,^ acid tropical fruit. Ar. tamar, a date, -hortlsbex.^-, a small berry culled huckleberry in America. *Z,. riux'mu^. a bwnch. So grwpe from group. \ 96 voc;abuj-arv. xlii. MEDICINAL PLANTS, ""Aca'cia, an Egjplian drug. Al'oes, G., a tropical pliuifc used as a pitrgativo. Cassia, 6^., a plant yielding senna: a laurel yielding cinnaniou (this \s tlio catwia of Scriptiiro). ^"^^ Chamomile,^" a useful garden herb. Anise, (i,, an aromatic plant used for coitliale. Jalap, a Mexican plant used as a purgative. (See p lr»r». Colocynth, the bitter cucumber — used as a purgati /e. Sassafras, a N, ^bnorican laurel, xliii.— FLOWERS. Dahlia {a), a flower with largo compound blossoms. See p. 1,'')8. Gillyflower, a beautiful and fragrant (lower. Heather, a blossoming evergreen of the Old World. Lilac, a fragrant^^ flowering slirub : fr. Pcrs. Jessamine, jasmine, F., a very fragrant fl(jwor. Jonqoille, l'\, {~fu)nkecl), a flower resembling the narcissus. »076 Mignonette, B\, {n>/) a small fragrant flower. Myrtle, a fragrant evergreen from warm climates. G. murto-, *'o Chrysan'themum,^^^ a large flower from S. Africa. xliv.— OTHER PLANTS. Mistletoe, a parasite growing on the oak, apple, &c. "' Parasite, a plant or animal which lives on another, hence an unprincipled hanger on of rich people, a flatterer. Hyssop, a small plant. See Numbers xix, 18. G. hm'sopos. '^^"^ Laurel {or), an important genus of evergreens. Osier, F., a plant used by basket makers, ^"^ Palm, the characteristic tree of the tropics, as the pine is of cold regions. Sumach, a plant used in dyeing and tanning. Amer. Mahogany, a cabinet wood of tropical America. Amer. Tobacco, a plant used for smoking. Amer, xlv.— VEGETABLE PRODUCTS. f87 Fari'na, L., meil or flour. Caoutchouc {koochook), india rubber- Cajeput, an Indian vegotal-le oil udod in medicine. Re^ir, *n isiflamraablo VL»gotabl» B*»Fstion. /.. msi na. '' If If ' iiiunioii INANIMATE NATURE. 97 Sugar, the gmnukted juice of the sngar came Wattle a twig used for plaiting. Wand, a Bt'raight r«d or twig. • Balsam, a fragrunt soothing gum or jnice. 1). 158. IS. \urto-. nee an pos. of cold ' rubber- WOKDS EELATLNG TO INANIMATE NATUEE. xlvi.-^THE EARTH, &c. '"**' Universe, • " ihe whole of creation '-Mi'crocosm,Jhe little world; or man-a. an epitome of the J7""°'?^^:ur^^^^'^ °^ ^^« ^^^''-' -• -^ in national "^ Mundane, belonging to the world. ^"Subterranean, lying under the earth. <" Terra'queous, consisting of land and water. ^^^ Terrestrial, belonging to the land or earth. "Geology, the science investigating"" the earth's (srust. ilvii.— LAND. 2 ^^'Svist'Jth: K: ^^^"^^^ '^''-'^-' '- ''- -1-1 ""Agriculture, tillage, husbandry, cultivation of the land Ar able, fit for the plough. Husbandman, a farmer. Innings, lands recovered from the sea. Arena, a scene of contest or exertion.^* xlviii.— TRACTS OF LAITO, Moraaa', F., a marsh, a bog. Autre, F., a cave, a grot. -a-sis, G., a fertile spot in a ^^ aert. ^'"^"^'le. ?Sr- ^' ' '"'^'^'' •■' ^" ®- ^"^^"^'^ '^^"^^ '^""''^ Meadow, a plain covered with grass. Chasm, a cleft, a gap. O. chab„m. fn r.n»n Clough {doff), 5., a ,Uft \u a kiU. (CIS 98 YOCABULARi. 1 i! ilix.— ISLAND. I'slet, H little island. /. ^'ola, un island, la'olated (t>), insulated,*" detached like nn island. ""Archipelago,*^' a nuinbei* of groups of islands. 1.— MOUNTAINS, &c. Volcano, /., a burning laountain. See p. 160. Bavine', /<'., a narrow crovico between jutting rocks Knoll, (o) S., a hillock or mound.'"''* ^*" Alpine, mountainous like thu Alps. *^^Lava, molton si one From volcanoes. Pumice, tho same whon made porous by water. L. pumrx. ]i.~KINDS OF 50II. '^« Alumino, a clajey earth, formed of alu'minum {L.) and oxygen Argilla'ceous, clayey. L. (trgilla, clay. Gypsum, X., Alabaster, fr. fr.. Plaster'*^' of Paris, forms of sul phato of lime. Basaltic, of tho nature of basalt, G, basalt e». Chalk, carbonate of lime. L, calx, Wac-ke, Ger., a rock resembling basalt, but softer. •*•* Alluvium, debria, {bixe) F., soil washed down by straam*. lii.— STONES. **' Crystal, a regular solid formed chemically; ilncj glass. '^39 Jewel, a gem, a preciouis etono. ""•^ Lap'idary, one who cuts and polishes gems. ^"^ Petrify, to change into stone. Whetstone, a stone for sharpening or whetting. Freestone, an easily cut building stone. Boulders, (from howl), round beach stones. 451 pyr'ite, a stone formed by fire. ''*« Aerolite (fle?-), a meteoric''^* stone, i. e. one i'alling from the air. ''' Tracery, ornamental stone work. ^^' Diamond, the hardest and most precioxu of stones ; adamant. Pearl, a gem secreted by the oyster.*'''* Adaman'tine, hard as adamant. AmethyBttne, Tiolet, like the quartz called amethyst. 6r. victku, wint^. INANIMATE NAlfUE. *■'« Chryfi'olite, a ge.» of yollowisli or gre^mish color Turquoise, i. e. T„rkUk, F., a blnish gr.en Ea.fcru gou^ 99 Porphyry, a fine spotted marble. G. porp/wrro,, p„r„lo Sapphire (?/•), a beautiful deep blue gem : fr. G. Asbos'tos,* „n incnmhmdUe variety of hornblende Stalac'tite a fonnafion like an icicle on (ho roofi of li.uestone Stalag'nute a .i.nilar growth from their floors, dropped from M.r stalactite. BofK fr. G. s(aHas,sdn, to drop Marmo'rean, of or like marble. G. mamwr, marble! *G. a, not, luid sbem, to burn. liii.— METALS. Malleable, able to bo hammered out, as motab. L. malhas a hammer. "uuuui, a -Metallurgy.- the art of working motal.. or a description of Ingot, a Imup of smelted metal, whence nugget (?), "« Alloy, a mixture of baser with precious'"'* metal. *'* Amalgam, an alloy of mercury. Eell metal, BronK, F., compounds of copper and tin. Pewter, a compound of lead and (in. Brass, a compound of copper and zinc. 870 r^"?,!?*' '^^•' ^^^^ ^"''^'"'^ '"'^'^^ *"^ ^^^ ™««t difllcult t. Bmolfc. "» Fusible, able to be melted. li v.— IMPORTANT METALS. ♦' ' Aurif 'erous, '■"■« gold bearing. Bullioii, precious metal uncoined. 4,3 '^'^1^®"'^' '"''''^ chemistry in the infancy of the science : fr, Ar. Chalyb'-e-ate, impregnated with iron. Pig-iron, lump iron after smelting. Anneal, to temper iron or glass by heat. Weld, to beat red hot metal together. Foundry, the place where metals are cast. Emery, /'',. an iron m-pnaori in »^,„,i,,<'~.,t,, Loadstone, Magnet,anironorewithpeculiarpowersof attraction. Graphite, -'^Plumbago. Wad. Black Lead, an ore of manganese. 100 \atABl!|,ARY, u lv.~ OTHER MINTHALS *** Mineral, any earthy substanco. Anthracite, liard coul. a. anthrax, an »«mh«r. Bitu'men. (?., minerul pidli. Bitununous coal, soft coal. AsphalUo, 6'., likoaephult, the hapdest furm of bitumen. Naptixa, G., tho wame, but raoro liquid. Paradlne * ^^Tetroleum (i. o. rock oil), Korosono, AJbertine : oils fi-OIU ll!l]»lhu. Cal'amine, carbonate of zinc— used in making braes. Nitre, fr. G., -'^Saltpetre,:'" nitrate of potassa: used in medicine t'husphoiVfc,'J7s a higiiiv combustible chemical age '. Sulphureous, containing sulpl.ur, (/..), a chemiavl element. Verdigris, ''»« tho rust of copper or brass. Ivi.— WATER; FLUID. *" A'queous, watery, composed of water. Reservoir, F., a place for keeping water, a tank. Irrigate, to water land artificially. L. rigarc, to rtow. *"- Inundation, an extensive flood. "" Stagnate, to corrupt, as standiyig water docs. "•' Aqueduct, a clmnno\ to lead wat«r across valleys. *"' Conduit {kumlit), a water pipe, a canal. ^"'Hydrometer, a contrivance for measuring llie swiflness and lorceot fluids. Liquefy, to become liquid. Embrue, to soak or immerse in. '-' Exude, to sweat or oozo throutrh. Liquid, a body whose atoms move freely and gravitate separately ^'^HydrauUcs, the theory of fluids in a state of .notion. "^ Hydrostat'ics, the theory of fluids when at r st. Oleag'inous, oily. L. okum, oil. Ivi i.— THE SEA. "^■■' Hydrog'raphy, t he geography of the sea. ■*'* Saline, saltish ; v. a shallow salt marsh, *^ Marine, Mar itime {tm), belonging to or near th« sen. Submaxiua. l.vi«or nndor- tkp OSS. ,. .-h. ne ine. ij> lit.v nd .•fcK INAMMATK NATURE. lOl Tr»Dtmamo, Vj^mg heyoml ths Ma. *^»auMa, sicknoss, oepocially sea sicknwi, .Ultramarine, bluer than the soa. unJuI»te, Id move liko waves. Iviii.— SPRINGS, RIVERS. Spa (spaw), a iiiinoral spring. See p. 157. Sluice, a flofulgfito or vent for water : />. JJ. 2*^ Channel, the bud of a river, or tlio deopent part uf it. Confluence, the meeting point of rivers. Baain, the tract drained bj^ a river : fr. F. •"Watershed, the line dividing the river buiiH, ©f a •m.Htrv. Disembogue, to empty into the em. " Embouchure (sh), the mouth of a river. lii.— THE !nDE **' fifflua, n flowing out or ebbing. Reflux, a flowing back, as the tide rieinj?. Neap tides, the scanty tides at the moon's uuart«^r4 Spnng tides, the full tides at new and full moon Eagre, &,avery high tideiiitheBri8tolChanneI,lik.»ur-JJore.- lx.~THE AIR. "' Pneumatic*, the science of the air and gaies ^'0 Aerial (ae'rial), belon, ing to the air. «- Atmosphere,""^ the air surrounding tho earth '" VentUate. to keep the air in motion. ««^^ Barometer, ">'' a contrivance for weighing the air. A 'sronai^t (air), one who eaila in balloons. ■•" Ethe'real, spiritual, airy, light. -^ Electricity, . .nbtlc fluid exdted by the friction of gases, &c ^ Galvanism, the eWtricity of chen.ical action ..I ITIT'' '° "^ "^ '" '^i'""*- "'"Malaria. /., bad air. Vol atde, apt to pe,8 into the u'criform state; also giddy. Ixi.— THE WIND. '^ Anemom'eter, a contrivanoe for Pofiniaf ;,,., m,. <■__- . , ■ ... -zephyr, a gentle breeze : /r, ^, m VfteABGLARi. '^'' Trade winds, permanent easterly tropical winds. Monsoons, periodical winds in tlie Indian ocean : fr. Ar. Siroc'co, /..ahotS. E. Italian wind. Sola'no, a hot Spanish wind, 7g2 ^^"^°°'^' ^^''-'^''^^sti'lif'g wind in the Asiatic and African deserts. '8^ Cyclone, Typhoon, G., furious circular storing in the Chinese sea. Hurricane, the general name for such storms elsewhere. Ixii.— SOITND, '«« Echo, a reflected sound. '^^'SonoTons, having a loud sound. * Ac^oustics, the science of sound, hearing, &o. "'*'* Symphony, a harmony of agreeable sounds. '"' Euphony, an agreeable sound in words. •'■" Cacoph'ony, the opposite of euphony. Fulminate, to explode like thunder. L. fuhwn, lightning •" Vociferate, '374 ^^ ^.^^^^^ or roar. ^'^''^ Explosion, a sudden loud burst, as a thunder dap Ixiii. -LIGHT. "^Luminous, giving light ; clear and plain. ^^"^ Meteor, a luminous i-shenomonon'^'^ in the air. Meteorology, the science of meteors, and of climate. ^""""^^-on'/;!? '^^'"' °^ day-often used by us for the auroic^ Luminary, a heavenly body. *'"' Lucubration, study by night. Mirage {ah,h), F., a delusive appearance of water in deserts. Ixiv.— COLOR. ^" Chromatics, the science of colors. ^«' ?ieba).d, Motley, of various colors. '-Cerulean, sky colored blue Lund, black and blue, {ajxplud to the sh/). L. Inndiix, Hvid, black and blue, {appVud to th- hodti). L. Ucidas ->'' Verdant, green. ^^^Chrome. an earth producing various colors Gamboge, yellow ; see p. 1.3G. ^"Orange, the color of the fruit Saltron,* a deep yellow, like Baffron. Compare sallow, p. 59. m u. i..* weh«va«a)Afr,'0. ' |in..fii, ncao._ , anu n->m its !a«t weaning f W' INANIMATE NATURE. ertB. sea. f 1?^ 103 Tawny, of a brownish jellow. F. tanni, tannsd. Puce, /•'., dark brown, or brownish purple. '^ Carnation, flesh color ; a flower. '"'^ Vermi^oD, bright red. ^"Flor'id, rosy, rubicund.'" Ixv.— CALORIC AND HEAT. *^* Calor'ic, the fluid which gives the sensation pf heat. *"* Thermometer, a measurer of heat. Tep'id, warm, L. tcindus. Crucible, a chemist's earthen melting pot. L.oruciari, to try to torture. * ^'°Arid, parched with heat. Lambent, plajing about like a moving flame. L. lai)i'bcre, to lick. Sultriness, very hot or sweltering weather. ^"°* Isosrtherms, lines of equal temperature on maps. '^^' Effervesce, to bubble, to boil. *'° Ignition, tie act of taking lire. *'^ Combustible, "^^Inflammable, easily set on fire. '*^ Conflagration, a genei-al fire. ""^Adust, scorche?«?j— or from Cmar. Kaiser, the emperor of Germany or Austria. From Ccesar. Sultan, Padishah, the ruler of the Turkish Empire. Pasha' {aw), a Turkish viceroy. Sheikh, the prince of an Arab tribe. '"•'" Tetrarch, the king of a fourth part. Cacique {S. ^»i.), Sachem {N. J/?*.), chiefs of the Am.«r. Indians. -n._'»rr^niua, a period while the throne is vacant. ■ Realm, tk* dominiom ©f ag(<»T«r«ig», ' J from A. D. bo Jowg. tii» prio« af ' ielity. 18. lovereign. ar. 3 Tit'ular, existing only in title, nominal. >"6i» Majesty, the title of rulers. L. majcstas. Highness, the title of a prince. »«* Duke, the highest title of nobility, Dauphin, F., the former name of the heir to the French crown, Czarowitz, tlie Czar's eldest son. lius. BSbDoge, the chief magistrate of a mediaeval'"*^ Italian republic. Lan'damman, the president of the Swiss republic. Stadt'holder, the president of Holland when it was a republic. Emir, a Turljish title, meaning prince. Vizier, thechief minister in the Turkish empire. '"'*■* Premier, the leader of the English cabinet. '" Consul, L., the chief magistrate in republican Rome; an official who protects conunerce at foreign ports. '^* Archon, the ruler of the ancient Athenian state. ""9 Eminence, a title given to cardinals. '^**° Excellency, a title given to ambassadors and colonial governors. Caliph, a priest ruler, descended from Mohammed. "" Mandarin, a Chinese noble or officer. Marquess, Marquis, the title next to a duke, formerly thegovernqc of a march or fi'ontier. Palatine, belonging to or denoting office in palaee. '"8 Viscount'*'*''^ (i;-), the title below an earl. ''■''" Seneschal, /''., a steward. Scutcheon, a shield or coat of arms. L. scutum. '■■'"'^ Seignior, Signer, a lord or noble. "^'^ Insignia, Marks vf •!£•• •r k*»«r. 110 VOCABULARY Ixxxiii.— PARLIAMENT,"' Speaker, the presirlent of a lo^i8lativo .•issoinblT.""' "^Opposition, tho party in pa.-liarn..nt opposing the existing '^''govern rnent. »«« Division, tho separation cf tho rnombore present in voting on a bilh »'"« Prorogation, the adjournment""'' of parliament. "'"Dissolution, the breaiiiiig up of parliament. Ixxx i v.— VOTING. '^''o "' Franchise, tho privilege of voting for a member of parliament. Freeholder, one who has a vote from possessing property. Freeman, on« who has a vote in respeet of personal rights. "*- Constit'uency, the whole body of voters. "" Representative, the person elected by a constituency. *" El'igiWe, fit to be chosen or elected. Ixxxv.— CITY, STATE ^'^ Citizen, an inhabitant of a city. •'•' Manicipal, belonging to a corporation or municipality. L. mu- ni cipiiim. "•»* Suburbs, buildings or houses in the vicinity of a city. Environs, F., tho parts or places which surround a city. Alderman, S., a magistrate, next in rank to a mayor. ^"^ Portreeve, formerly the chief magistrate of a port. «*- Burgess, a freeman, magistrate, or repi-e.^cntai.ive of a borough. '"° Mayoralty, the oiriee of mayor. Ixxxvi.- COITTRACT. "^ Subsidy, a sum of money paid by one state to another. ^^^ Confederacy, nations united by a treaty. '"" Neutrality, the taking no active part in national diisputes. ®'^'' Federal, belonging to a contract or league. ***•' Compact, a contract or verbal agrrcmciit between individuals."^' ^" Treaty, League,""' a contract LwtM-tten n.ations. ''""Affiance, a marriage contract. '"■'2 Protoeol, tlie first, copy of a contmcf or any writing : fr. F. J WAK, WORDS KELATINa TO WAR. Ill ia« Bellig erent, S2S Ixxxvii.— WAR. carrjing on w.ar F. gnci-re. 402 , 7S2 ^•^ Ar'mistic,'''* a tomporarary cessation of hostilities. J'J Cartel, an agreement for the exchange of prisoners. ^'"Crusades, religions wars in the luidcUo ages. •'' Van, the front of an army, Campaign, the time that an army keeps the field, Arsenal, /-:, a depot of warlike stores. ^'^ Squadron, a troop, a square of soldiers, a division of f lie fleef ' MiUtia. the able bodied men of a district under training. Picquet, F., a scout or outer guard. Bivouac, E., a night watch round the camp fires -'-Rec'onnoi'tre, F., to spy out in war, to examine generally "Capitulate, to surrender^^^ on conditions. Ixxxviii.— A SEEGE. ' '^ Siege, the blockade of a fortified city. ■•"Glacis, F., a sloping bank. *"'' Esplanade, an open space before the walls. "'^Escalade', '"Assault, the attack on the walls "•''• Postern, '"Sallyport, gates in the walls of a fort. SaUy, Sortie, i^;, a sudden rush out by the besieged Fasciue , a fagot used in fortification. L./as^ce.^ Portcul lis. F., a grated doorway at the drawbridge PjutJOi, a flat boat fo- making military bridge^ '•^'PUisvb, Stockade. B'-'^ a row of stakes for defence. &c. ^ " Birncada, a breastwork Jinstily thrown np. Barb acan, F.,a fort at the onterend of a drawbridge. Cor ridor . F ., a covered pnssnge round a fort. Par apat, a wall or fort hrenet high. ^''' UaiDu'it. a small fo.-t in "•'"trenciies, &c. Bastion, /•'., a mnss of earth Flnrdi!!." o.vA from n r,-..-; Citadel, the cl S2I fort ifi canon o Hal ifnx nre fine exfunplcs. From U fa city. Those of Quebec and lyz VOtABUI,ART. **• Ciroumvailation, furtiftcation round a oaiup. Oarhson, tlie troops dofeRcling a fort. 8oe war, Ixsxvii. IxxTix.— A BATTLE."" Manoeu'vros (oo), F., "'^^actics, military managomcnt ; plani generally. Battle array, the order of battle: ./>. F. Bencountre, F., a audden and unexpected contest or meeting. ?24 Discomfiture, defeat. Eeacue, help, relief : fr. Norman F. ^"^ Ambush, a lying in wait. '*^"Com'bat («m), a battle, a fight. W' Melee, F., a confused crowded light. "'''' Revolt, a rising against authority. 132 Xro'phy, spoil, as a token of victory. "''^ Slaughter, massacre, wholesale murder. "'^ Rapine {in), ravage, plunder, violence. xc— SOLDIER. Soldier, a man paid and trained by his State to fight. 1303 Veteran, an old soldier. '^'^'^ Recruit, a soldier newly enlisted. Infantry, foot soldiers, " foot." "^ Cavalry, horse soldiers, "horse." join Mercenary, a soldier fighting for a foreign state. =*"' Renegade, one fighting for a state ^^GlaMB.t^r "„ ' i , - Poignard, Stiletto. /., names of daggers '^""'' ^'''^^'"•• Javelin, F, a dart to throw with the hand In cuerpo, 6>., stripped for fighting. Cutlass, a short bent sword used in the cavalry and navy, fitopier, a small sword for fencing.9'«> ^ i Scim^ar, a curved oriental*"" sword. Claymore, Gad., a two handed Highland sword. e^, . xi^iii.— ARTILLERY. Callipers, round compasses"^ for measuring .aliU. -^ urape siiot,^"^ small shot for cannon. ' "^^ Battery, a raised place for cannon 8 114 YOf AJJULAHY. Embra'aure, b\, an opening for pointing cannon. "'* Curtiidgo, tho ease containing tlu! cimrgo. Target, {g hard), a mn k for gun pmctico. Bifle, a grooved ^n\\ : fr. Gvf. Falconet, a small cannon, •■'■' Ammunition, puwcU'P, bulls, shot, k^\. ■omb»rd, to attack witli bombs, Ac. O. bo7nbo.i, a buzz. ^^'^ Grenade, .k small hand-HJicll. Car'abine, Carbine, F., a short gun. '^"* Cartouche, a rase for cartriJf/is, charges, &c. Fusilade', /''., a discharge of miiskctry. "* Enfilade' to i-.l.,. a lino with shot. I '• AYOKDS EELATIiXG TO^ COMMON OCCUrATlO.NS. xciv.— AET. ^^'^ Technology, a desiiript ion of arts and technical terms. "* Artificer, a skilled woi-kman. Patent, an exclusive license, L. 2nif( '/r, to lie op^ '. ''**° Mechanic, ""Artiaan, a workman. '"^'^ Vacuum, /.., a place emptied of air artificially. Syringe, to squirt. G. {r. Cravat , a neck doth. Soep. lf>0. Doublet, /'"., 1" former iiamo for a waistcoat. ""* Kerchief, 'T a liatidkorcliiiif worn on the lu-ad. "" Mftntua, a \iu\y's shaw' V, -ue, /''., fasliion. Pla4a, Gml, a Celtic aL'v.;, in which the pattern m«rki> tho clan. Difi'-habille, F (in undroiss or loose di.'ss, Moccasgin, an Indian shoo. A/no-. Moreen, wuuH.^n stutl' for curtuiuB. '"*^TisbU«, /''., figured dolh; texture; u Biriot*. "" Laundress, a waslierwoiaan. gkein, a knot of f hread. Valet, /''„ u gei.tleman'a personal atlendunt, xcvi.-GLASS,'8'&c •^^^ Vitreous, ^dassy, of glasny hardnetis. I^ns, L., a iiuignifvijig or diminishing glass. I"" Tolescope, «* a glues to niako diatant objects appear nearer. '""Microscope, a magnifying f^lasa for iriinute objects. ^^^ Porcelain,* China, a Pine eartlienwaro of kaola, ( lav. ''° Vase, a deep ornamental onp. ^"Tureen, a largo di.h i,„ ^onp. LatUe, a turning machine. Phial, i small bottle : /K G. !H^ p. 159 xcvii.— HAEDWAEE. Furnace, a closed fi replace, h. formic ■•"" Plumber, a worker in lead. •^' Sciesors, two knives on a pivot opposing rieh other. "" Solder, cement for metals. lacquer, to v arnish or Japan, Sieve {siv), a sifting machine: fr. S. Scythe, a tool for cutting grass : fr. S. '*■'*' Coulter (rol), the blade or shears of the pough. 764 xcvii i.— WHEEL. Gyrate, to wheel in circles. «'«Eotary, tun nglike a wheel, notation, the revolution of a wheel. Axle, the bar on which a wheel turnn. Pulley, a whr>el j^>Jf,f/ hy n rope. 116 VOeABULARY. icix.— FURNITURE. Bu'reau, F., a chest of drawers. « Veneer, to oover with a thin leaf of vrincd wood. Canopy, an ornamental screen overhead : fr. G. Cushion, a soft pad. '^^Tripod, a three legged stool. ^^^ Salver, a tray for saving fragments. Epergne {m), F., an ornamental dish stand. Cupboard, the hoard or niche for the cups, &o. c— EATING, &c. '""' Caldron, a boiler; hence chaldron. Oven, a closed fireplace for baking : fr. S. "^ Victuals, food. Aro'ma, G., fine scent. Dearth, a scarcity, when things are dear. "" Surfeit, a suiierabundance of food, Bati'ety'^«». "* Edible, eatable. Mawkish, squeamish. Abste'mious, sparing as to food, especially wine : fr. L. <^ Purveyor, Ca'terer {F. achcter. to buy), one who provides food. Cu'linary, belonging to cooking. L. culi'na, a kitchen. '"^ Re'cip-e, Z„ a direction for compounding medicine, food, &c. ci.— F0OD.«^3 Breakfast, the meal wben we break the last night's fast. *"'•'•' Eiscuit,*"^ certain varieties of bi-eof'.. Chocolate, a preparation of cocoa. Bohea, coarse black tea. Souchong, a variety of black tea. Macaroni,, /., a preparation of wheat flour, Fric'asaee', F., a stew of chicken, rabbit, &c. Tapio'ca, a preparation of cassava, i. e. the meal of the Manioc phint of S. America. OUo, /., a mixed dish. Ragout, F., a highly seasoned dish. Hash (from hack), choppid meat, &c. "'* Sausage, meat minced and spiced. Pasty {a), a pie. F. jtdte. Vanilla, a Mexican spice. Molasses, the j nice of the sugar caiie. ««- Vermicelli {ich), I., fine flour prepared in threads or strips. Bouillon {eelyomj), F., broth. Bouilli {eeyae\ F.. meat stewed with vogotables. ^'^ (Jelat'inous, of tke lature of jellj %\- gelatine. i NAVI6ATI0N. 117 fooc?. , &c. iiamoc h. idte. r cane. ^ oii.— WINE, &c. ^^* Vin'try, a {>laoe where they sell wine. Alcohol, A>:, spirits of wine. Nectar, G., honey win*. Cider, a weak wine from apples : Jr. F. libation, an offering of wine in heathen sacrifices. L. libatio. Champagne, a sparkling French wine. Usquebagh, the Irish form of the word wJdskey. *^ Beverage, a drink. =^231^^03^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^.^^j^_ Wassail, S., revelry, drunkenness. «'«Banquet. a rich feast. Cabaret' (a?/), F., a small French tavern. '"' Frankincense, an aromatic resin. Cigar, A>., a roll of tobacco leaves for smoking. Narcotic, a drug producing ^osgti.por-in G. narke. ci i i. —LOCOMOTION. '*»» '3'"' Vehicle, that in which any thing is carried. "" Portmanteau, VTaUse, /'., a travelling bag. ^^" Pommel, a knob on the saddle. -''«Eq'uipage, furniture, accoutrements, retinue. Cort^e, F.y a procession on horseback. PhsBton, G., a four wheeled coach. Palanquin {keen), a covered litter borne by men. Cabriolet' {ay), F., a two wheeled vehicle, contracted cab. Barouche' (a7<), F., a four wheeler with a hood. Britzka, Rus., a long carriage with a hood. "' Pillion, a cushion saddle. •"' Balloon, a bag filled with hydrogen for rising in the air. Parachute,* a car to drop from a balloon in. */•■. ck..i, , a fail ( iLsed in Canada for ouscade or rauid. WORDS RELATING_TO NAVIGATION. civ.— NAVIGATION.^" '"* Chart (/e/^), a sea map. Rhomb {rumb), an oblique parallelogram. G. rkomhos Quarantine, detention to guara"'" a^inst infection. L ouamn- fn'niin, fortieth. i ' ' 118 VOCARULARY. ^ Wrec*, a damaged"' vessel. Helm, the rudder: fr, F. Embargo, Sp., prohibiLioii to enter or leave port. ^•^ Log, a cuntrivanco to lucfisuro the 8liij)"s rate. 12J 4.']e 4;)o 4J2 IICC 669 f cv.— A SHIP. Naval, belonging to ships of war. Nautical, belonging to ships generally. Flotilla, a number of small ships. "^''Armada, Sp., a navy. Ship, a three masted square rigged vessel : any vessel, *^'^ Frigate, a man of war smaller than a ship of the line: fr, F. I'rivateer, a war vessel equipped by private parties. Starboard, tlie right side of a ship : Jr. I. Larboard, the left side of a ship : />. /. Careen, to lay a vessel on one side, to list lier : /;•. L. Salvage, recompense''^'* for saving ships. Galleon (no/i), Sp., a large Spanish merchantman. Gajliot, a small Dutch craft : Jr. F. Corvette, F., a sloop of war. Felucca, /., an Italian galley. Tarpaulin, tarred canvass.^s^ Brigantine, /''., a vessel intermediatebetweeuabrigand aschooner. Caboose, a ship's galley or cook room. /i^au f '^U^y, _7-T*l cvi.— SAILS. Rising, the sails and tackling or cordage."'' Square rigged, having yards to the sails. '"^ Mainsail, tlie lanjr sail of the main mast. Staysail, a sail on a stay or- fixed rope. Windsail, a canvass funnel for ventilation. cvii.— ROPE, ANCHOR, &c. Ropery, ropewalk, a place whore ropes are made. Strand, one of the twists of a roi)e. '"^ Noose, a slip knot. BowUne, a rope fastened to a sail. Splice, to weave the ends of rope together: />: I). Oakum, old rop(* untwi.^feil : _/)-. S. Calk, (o stop leaks with oakum: /)•. S. Shrouds, Rattlins, the ropes from the masts to the vessel's sides. ^Haiiiard, a rope for hauiinfj gails or yardi. OKM^ ^fmrtt i miC ) j jv,t. -£amitfm COMMERCE. 119 7- 'r.F. of war. 362 looner ^cz u^se /^ Halser, (r/?/'s) a rope between a cable and a bowline in thickness. Lanyard, a short line for fastening. Cable, a rope or chain for anchoring a ship : /'/•. D, Tripping, loosing the anchor from the bottom. Kedge, a small anchor nsed in port. '•'" Grapnel, a small anchor with four or five claws. cviii.— MASTS. S. Foremast, the mast nearest the bow. Mainmast, the principal or middle mast. ■^J Mizenmast, the mast next the stern : //■. /. 119^ Jiirymast, a tempot-ary mast. Topmast, the mast above the lower mast. Top-gallant-mast, a email mast above the topmast. cix.— BOATS. Boatswain {bosm), the officer in charge of the boats. Yaw], a sail boat with four or six oara ; a pimiace. Coxswain, the officer of the cook boat. Eowlock (ridlock), the rest for the oar in rowing. Kegatta, /., a rowing or sailing match. Yacht il/ot), I)., a pleasure sailing boat or vessel. Gon'dola, /., a Venetian covered barge. Canoe, an Indian boat. Junk, a Chinese boat or ship. -^ ides. WOEDS RELATING TO COMERCE. 941 cx,— TEADE. Bargain, an agreement in trade : />. F. tf"""' Merchandjii^, goods bought or sold. Waif, goods found agiray, as anr thing cast ashore by tlic ••laves. *''^' Agent, Broker, ono conunissionod to buy or sell. "'' Consignment, goods sent to an u-ont to sell. Invoice, a list of merchandise. F. onuvjt-r, to send. Bazaar, a market. VtrAan. Business, trade : /)■. 8. Freight, ji, load ; transportation of gnods ; the price""-* for it. '^'^ Mortgage, '3^^'* u pledge on real""** estate. ' 120 VOCABULARY. 1.56 267 904 em Tariif, a table of custom house duties. Contraband, prohibited by law. /. iun^da, a proclamation, iransitduty, onepuid on good.paesingthrough a foreign country. Bdl ofladmg, a staleraent of goods shipped by one person. Bill of entiy,-3^ a statement of goods imported. Bonded^goods,^j^ood3 warthoused-the owner giving bonds for Not proceeds, the amount of a sale after paying all expenses. 628 . cxi.—MOIOlY. Avarice, an undue wish to amass money. 'Disbursement, the payment of money. 827 ?^^^^'*°'®^*' l^':^">g "»t n>oney on property, or speculation. iWG *^*^' ^'^^•"^^''^S'incc>«» in spending. •^^« Credit, trust in the honor and solveney^of a customer. ,r, 7"^'°'^' '-^b^^'tJ to pay. '^oin'ventory, a list of effects. Remittance, money sent to a distance. Premium, L., money given above the stated price. Usury, interest above the legal rate: in the Bible, simply interest. Bottomry, money borrowed on the security of a ship. Defalcation, stealing funds under one's charge, deficit. 083 ^"^''^°ce, F., the science of money transactions. Cashier, one who keeps the funds; v. to discharge from office. Croupier, F., the cashier at a gaming table : a vice chairman. Lucre, gam, L. lucrum. «'^Defaulter, a cheat. • Kecoipt, income, the act of receiving, a recipe, acknowledgment ot imyment. ° cxii.— COIN.* Numismatology,! the science of coins and medals. Bullion, uncoined metal. F. billon. Specie, cash, distinguislied from I'xiper money. J29 ^°"^^&^' t'^« '»o"ey of a country, the act of coining. Obverse, the principal face of a coin. Le'gend, tlie words round its border or cvcrgftej^^ '"' Inscription, the words on tlie mirldle of a coin. •"Duc'at, a FMiropcan rZwrt/coin. " 'l^-jo Doubloon, a donblc pistole, worth about $fS. -••'■ Houleau, F., a roil of coins in paper. *G. him^'!,A wfilgo. tC numi'^md, ji coin. HG i J .Hon. ;n country. 'son. bonds for )011SC8. lion. ta. 7 interest. n office, lirmun. ledmuont 1 f 1 COM »lniv( h,. ^^'•. ox iii.— DEBTS. Attachment, a writ to seize a rldbtor or bis goods. F, attacker to at taeb . o • , ■*'" Liquidation, the settlement of a de^t. ^^^ Assignee, one to whom property is assigned or nmdo over. ^ Security, property pledged to secure payment. ^'"Insolvent, a. bankrupt ; «. one who fails to pay his debts. Instalments, F., part payment of a debt at different periods.^" ^^^ Assets, goods to meet debts or liabilities. F, assez, enough. Surely, one who becomes security for another. Sequestration, holding property until its levenuepaysa debt. L. sequester, an umpii-e. '*»•■' Composition, an agree;nent between a bankrupt and his creditors. Set-off, a debt owed by the creditor to the debtor. Guarantee, a security, a > -uchor, a warranty. F. qarantic. cxiv.— BILLS. F. billets. Bill of Exchange, a bill drawn in one country for the pay: lent ol money in anoth(>r. Drawee, the person on whom a bill is drawn. "« Acceptance, a promise to pay another's bill when due. ''''' Maturity, the date when a bill is due. "« Endorsement, a., instalment; backing up another's promissory note ; support. '' ''■^^^ Account, a reckoning, also a narrative. I'D honor, L., to accept a bill and pay it when due. eoo ^° ^'^'"'°''' ^" '^'^'''l'"« to do this. Payee, the person paid. Prot est, a written declaration that a bill has been dishonored. 106- ^^^^ °^&i"ace, three days allowed after a bill is due. '"«^ At par, stock or bills at the nominal value; when worth more thev are said to be at & premiinn, when less, at a discount'. ^xv.— COMMEECIAL'"'" ALLOWANCES. ^■'<' Abatement, allowance for damage to goods. Commission, the allowance made to an agent. ""« Bonus, /.., an allowance for a privilege, loan, &c. ,.,o, ?^*'^^^-' allowance made for ready money. ---• Perquisite, iho fee or allowance above a stat-l salary. Demurrage, the allowance for detention of ships. L. mora, delay. ^J I*;.*: 12.^3 VOGAKUJ.AKY. I Wharfage, inonoy paid for the use of u wharf. .V. Tare, 7' '.,"«' Tret, an allowance for I ho padva^r,., or for leakage, &o. Lay days, Ihe lime allovvea a ship Lo diseiiargo and reload. QUANlTflV" mimi, AND FOEM. cxvi.— WEIGHT. 1IJU4 ' Impondorous, not liaving sensible weiglit. Light, calorie -"*♦ electricity,'"-' and niagnetiam, are ealled^ho ./^./.^//J.r- aoUn in ciieiuistry. '^^^ Equilibrium, L., equality of weiglit, eq'uipoise.'o^* balanc6.'"o« '' Statics, tlie scionco of weight. '"'•'Avoirdupois, F., tlie weight used for general purposes. Drachma, G., a Greek coin worth 18 cents. A Greek weieht equal about 2J^ dwts. (104 !l9(j 1005 IT 104(5 ;oij 372 4C 43 lOli I4o 10. '.'i \4-i cxvii.— MEASURES. Preponderate, to outweigh, to exceed in power. Gravitate, to tend or weigh toward the centro-nronarlv the centre of the earth, ^ ' Counterpoise, to counterbalance. Metre, a nieasurc\ Bushel, four pecks dry measure. Hogshead, any large cask, properly 03 gallons. Tierce, a f/nnl of a pipe, 43 gallons. Puncheon, a cask of 8-1 gallons. Mensuration, the art of rneasureraent. Geometry, '^'2 (ho science treating of form and bulk. Theodolite, an instrument to measure heights and distances. Surveyor, a measurer, or overseer. Metrology, the science of weights and measures. cxviii.— NUMBER AND PROPORTION. Integer, a whole number, distinguished from a f motion. Numeration, the art of numberin'r. Notation, the art of writing nuuibLM-s. Digit, any number under ten. Supernumerary, above the required number. "00Mrm ) 1008 QUANTITY, NlMfJER, AND FORM. 123 '""'^ Majority, the greater number of votes, &c. '"^" Minority, the losser number. '"''•' Multiple,''^' a number oxuctlj ilivi8il)lt' hy .•iiiotlior. Quorum, />., the number of a committee requisite to conduct business. "-' Quota, />., the part assigned to each. ^''^ Ratio, comparison of number or bulk. Medium, /.., the mean proportion, a means. Commensurable, reducible to some proportion. ""'^Symmetry, the duo proportion of the parts of a body to one another. '"■' Average, the mean or midale between extremee. ^'"Logarithms, '"22 an artificial series of numbers. '"^^ Quotient, the result of division. Iota, the smallest Greek letter : hence a trifle, a particle. cxix.— FORM. '"" Oblique, slanting. '"^Inter'stice, a chink. Ac-me, G., the top. "'"Parallel, running side by side. '"■"^Triangle,"'' a figure with three angles. '"^^ Isosceles''^' triangle, a triangle with two equal sides. '*''' Quadrilateral,"^ a four-sided figure. "■^ Square, a quadrilateral with right angles and equal sides. '"'•' Parallelogram, a quadrilateral with parallel sides. *" Rectangle, a parallelogram with right angles. io« Polygon,"« a figure of many angles. '■^'*' Periphery, the measure round a curvilineal figure. '"''•^ Perimeter, the measure round a rectilineal figure. Lozenge, a diamond, or rhombus; also a sweetmeat : //■. F. cxx.— CURVED FIGURES. Circuit (/■//), the measure or course round. ^_^ Detour, F.. a journey round. ^"'Cylinder, a roller. ''■•^^ Cone, a s(/.i.! ,,r, a circular base, tapering to a point at the top. ^ 'J^ Sphere, a glu',."^^ or ball. Spheroid, an imperfectly shaped sphere. Diameter, the line which bisects a circle. '^ Radius, half the diameter, the line from centre to circumference. '•'^^ Ciroumferonce, th« luoasura round a circle. f I'M VODARULARY. "•^Tropics of Cancar"'^ and Oapricorn,»«» tho giroloa wbicU oucluse tlio •'^''torrid zone. 21 Arctic and Antarctic circles. Those bounding fho frigid zonH."-" ^^ Lunette, tho ligure onior^cnU or growing moon "Centrifugal'" force, tho inertia or tendency of tho planets to continue their course and thus avoid the attniction of the sun. '•"'Centrip'etal force, the attraction of the sun as the centre of the tiolur system."*^ 12 ^^°"®°*'^*''"'" '^'^^'"g tl'e same centre as tho earth. '*« Heliocentric, having the same centre as the sun. J C/ 1192 WORDS RELATING TO TIME. cxxi.—ijAY. na4 ^^^^^' '^'"^^ ' hence>«r««/,ii9a ^ aaUj paper. ""* Ephemeral, lasting only a day ; short lived. ^^^^^ Almanac, Ar., a calendar. Diary, a daily account of events. Tertian, occurring every third day • as, a tertian fever. ''°' Equinox, "9» the time when the days and nights are equal. Se'n night, a week (now little used), Hebdom'adal, a weekly newspaper : a. weekly. 1191 cxxii.— HISTORY. "Z ^^^^^^ accounts of events in the order of time, chronicles.""' ^■^ Narrative, an account of an event. '"'^ Anecdote, the history of a single incident. ^1^^"^ Biography, the life of an individual. '^^«Archives, records laid up. "Autobiography, one's history written by himself. *'^' Genealogy, a history of descent. Cromlech, C, a stone resting on others in Druidical remains. H^'ra, the Mahometan era, A. D. 022, being the date of Mahomet's flight from Mecca. -- xraaiuon, ocaP' iustorv handed down from father to son. I J 11 MK. cU uucluse idzonrt."'"' pliinota to motion of centre of rents. il. es, 1189 ilaid up» oauis. date of I 125 cxxiii.— MONTH. "" Calends, tlio first day uf each Tnoiitb among tlk' Romans. Calendar month, a month as it standw in almanacs. Lunar month, the time of one revolution of the moon (27 days 4.5 nun. and 45 see.) *^ ' "** Instant, the present month, proximo, the next, ultimo, tlie last. cxxiv. — TIME. "^^ Temporary, lasting for a shwrt time. I'lHO ^""^^y- ^°'"" ^^'^ '" ^'''"''- ""■'Antiquity, ancient times. '""* Synchronous, Contemporaneous, existing at the same time. Contemporary, one who lives at the same time. ""Timeous, timely, in proper time. ' '^' Simultaneous, happening at tlio same time "9« Procrastinate, to put olf . >9»Futurity, time to co.ne. "^■^ Interval, the time or space between. Ep'och, fr. G., Era, /.., a fixed period of time to date from. "'"Antediluvian, existing before the flood. "«' Eternity, all time past and (o come. Pread'amite, anterior to Adam. ^'^ Periodical, happening'^*'*'* at regular periods. ' "*" Anach'ronism, an error in chronology. Chronometer, an instrument for measuring time. ' '«" Chronology, the science of dates. In'terim. L., tl'.e n.eantime Autumn, the third quarter of the year. Ch .OS, G., primeval confusion. '"'^^'Primeval'-^^' .nost.-uHM.nt ■'Ancient, Pristine, (Z. ^n-.Vim^), >«^''Primitive, Antique, belong- ing to antiquity. ^ ,uopio(l of four years in (h-ccian history, lasting Iroin one Olyiiipie ffuno to another. *"•* Lustrum, /.., a space of five years in Roman history. '"■^ Cycle, a poriodioul space of time. Jubilee, //., the r>(nh year among the Jewn; a season'" of joy. '"«'^ Millennium, a thoii«and years. '""Bissextile, (//) leap year. oxxvi.- PRIORITY. '" Antecedent, going hoforo in time or place. Anterior, X., going before in time. «'" Prej'udice, an opinion /ufo/r knowledge of the fuct.s. ^** Antedate, iu date .m event lou early. ''■' Precursor, a herald, a forerunner. *"- Precocious, prematurely wise or forward. ""' Premonitory, giving notice or warning befoniliand. •"■' Premature, happening bi-fore the proper time. Preliminary, a preparation. L. limcn, a threshold. '-^' Presentiment, a foreboding. Predestinate, to determine beforehand. L. ic.stiiKirr, to resolve. '-" Premeditate, to think over or contrive beforehand, cxxvii.— BEGINNING. '*" Initial, placed at the commencement. '•"^ Incipient, be^dnning, arising. Embryo, (?., the small beginning of any tiling. "-^ Rudiments, the first principli-s of a science. I AVORDS EELATINU TO THE ARTS. cxxviii.— BUILDING. **'^ Domicile, a houtp, an abode. Boudoir, /■'., a lady's private room. ""Rotunda, a ci rcular building Mesauafjs, n. lionise, ontbuildings, and yard?. ^^" Architect.*'"^ a mnPter buil.''er, who inakoa the plnnr ^' ;/!ai::0/i, :i h.JUSC THE AR'l 127 itli year, (orpotiiul. V, lusting of joy. year. ) resolve. ' <" Ampjtheatre," u round biiildin- u , , u. ,i for ' .ms Gable, U.e triangular nnd of u hou . .„ tbo euv ni,'nv,h Vestibule, tlio poroli or entraiu-o. . thnlum. Buttress, a support or abutment. /■. boKt, the end. Pyramid, a solid on an anj^ular base, rising to a point, lu/ Pagoda, an oriental ten.plo. ''""restoon, a wreath. Pavilion, Marquee, a large tent. L. papilio, a butlorfly. "» Mortise, tlio space wlueh hohh the tenon in a joint. Wainscot, a grained facing for walls, to re8(>inble oak. Demesne {ui>i), a house and the udj;i<-ent land : fr. t\ *"Coniice, an embossed corner or ceiling. Gallery, a covered wall;, a half floor on pillars or brackets : />. /''. cxxix.~A PILLAE. "" Column, a pillar, a row. Colonnade, a line of pillars. /. mJouva. Piazza, /., a covered walk supported by pillars. ^^ ObeUsk, a square tapering column or 'tower. G. Ob tlos, a ^pit. '"■• Flute, a groove in the siiaft, also a wi.id instrument. '"Capital, the head of a column, generally ornamental. Architrave, the part just above the shaft. L. frabs, a bemn. "" Entab'lature, thepart resting on the capita!, including arcbitrave trieze, and cornice. exxx.— A WINDOV/. Lattice, a window of crossed hit lis or bars, (from lai/i). Mnllion, a division of a window frame.- fr. F. "''* Casement, a v.imlr)w on hiimes. Balcony, a frame or gallery before a window. .':\ bah; a beau-. Loophole, a iiMn-ow window ii. a cattle -all. ■•"•* Dormer windows, windows in the roof. Miilding a houso. cxxxi. —SCULPTURE. "'■'Sculpture, statues or c;,r\(d imafi-es^^^ 99-2 Relief, figures rj'ised above the sui lace. r6i. Low relief. itie ligurcs iriueii ruised : dl/o rrliiro I. iH.i litjurw 111 tin rtised. h f>'/* '•,ii<^\ /«'., or b(i.-.so rtlui-n, /. UH \()('Ahi;i,Ain. EmbosBod. Imving miiod figures, or bosses. /'". hoss,-. Contour, F., outline. Bust, a figure of the lieacl, Hliouldors, and broast. /. b>fsto. Intaglio {tahh/o), /, an engraving on a goni. Cameo, /., a figure euiboHsed on u goin. Niche. /''., a hollow ])Iace in a wall for a statue. Colossus, G., an ancient statue of vast size at Khodts. *'•' Nudities, (he naked partH of a statue. Marquetry, inlaid i)aiteni8 in wood, ivory, &e. : />. F Vertu, /., taste, luxury. cxxxii. —PAINTING. ^"'Limning, drawing or painting in water colors. ^''*' Studio, /., an artistV study. Crayon, F., prepared chalk ^o' Graphic, life-like, picturesque. Connoisseur, F., an art critic. "^Pictorial, belonging to or containing pictures. Portrait. /''., a picture from life. "*• Cartoon, the design of a large picture on paper. '""•'Panorama/' a large circular painting. "^ Coamorama, a picture of the world, or of a country. Picturesque, like a picture. Caricature, a comical exaggerated picture or description. Nimbus (/v. = a rain cloud) , Glory, rays of light in old paint- ings surrounding figures of saints. *'" Fac sinule, "'» L., an exact copy. '"' Diagram, a drawing for illustration^^* with references, Miniature, a very small picture. />., minim, vermilion. Ochre, G., an earth used as a pigment. ■'«' Vignette {ny), a title page illustration, often with a scroll border "" Variegate, to mark with various colors. Brunette, F., a swarthy woman. cxxxii i.— ENGRAVING. Etching, engraving on metal by means of nitric acid : />. Ger. Stipple, to engrave by dots. Burin, /;, an engraviu" tool ShO'.og rapiiy, eagr.uiAg or iBiing images by the sun's rays. vl^i. nt- JSFi- ler IHS ARTS. 15W *•* Photofj'mphy, engmvingor fixing irimge* bj tiw tun'i pays. ^" fjthog'raphy. eii;j;i-uviiig on stone unU traneferring tko tnipre§- Hiim to j)uj)( iinpluaBant eftVct when soundB do not chopd. ""' Intonation, sounding the notes of the scale. Acoompanimeut.inBtPuiuonialmusicacconipanying the voice :/'r.^ Seraphine, an opgun sounding by vibrating metallic reeds. '"5 Oratorio, 1., a Btu-rcd niuBical drama. *'^" Opera, [., a pluy sot to uui.iic and acti. Sp. '**' Crochet, a quarter note : a whim. "-'^Canorous, ^'"Sonorous, tuneful. •*■* Alle'gro, /., a brisk moveraeut in mnsic. Encore, F., to ask i'or a performance again. cixxF.^SINGING. 7» Oioristar, a !ri nger i i\ a choi r. ^''^Precentor, the leader (A a ehoi r. '" Chant, to repeat words in a singing tone. '•'^* Recitative, a kind of singing resembling ordinary speaking. Glee, laadriga', F., a song sung in parts, Caral, a joj-#«l 8»ng ; fr. I. w 130 rOiABWLARk', fl Cavatl'na, /., a short atr without a second dlvtskni. "®* Psalm, a sacred song, but generally applied to David's. Psalter, the book of Psalms : a tune book. Medley, a mixture of musical airs. F. mekr, to mix. ®*" Tenor, meaning : the higher male*'^*' voice in harmony. 1301 Troubadour, a knigtly minstrel in the Middle Ages, rrornn'ul. cxxxvi.— THE DRAMA. "' Drama, a poem or composition intended to be acted. ""Prol'ogue, a speech before the pky. Ep'ilogue,^^ a speech after the play. '"'■'^ Soliloquy, a speech or part performed by one person. Comedy, a cheerful representationofeyentsof common life: fr,G. 3(^6 Tragedy, ^^* a play representing some mournful event. 1099 Farce, '"^Extravaganza, a low comedy, with ridiculous'^" in- cidents. •^^ Melodrama, a play with songs interspersed.'*^' •'" Interlude, an entertainment between the acts. Puppet show, a play acted by figures moved by wire*. Drara'atis perso'nee,*'" all the characters in a play. *" Le'gend, a strange tale. Dramatist, a play writer. Burlesque, to ridicule, to caricature: fr, boor. Pasquinade, a malicious witticism. Ballet (. L. 372 Georgic, hil puraP'-' poem. I09:i 'Panegyric,**^ high praise. ■'"^Epigram, a short witty poem or sentiment. '"" Lyrics, songs fit to be sung to the lyre. ^*"' Epic, an ''^^ heroic poem of some length, with a regular plot. '2»9 Didactic, meant to give moral instruction. '"^•' Episode, a separate incident in a composition. '"^i Monody, a poem to bo sung by only one. "^^ Parody, to play on the words of another's composition. "•"^Acrostic, a poem in which the first letters of the lines spell a word. '"* Alliteration, beginning successive words with the same letter, as •' Let lovely lilies line Leu's lonely lane." ^'^'* Poet- laureate, •* poet honored by the court with this title and a peiisiun.^*'^ Catachre'sis, theabuse of a ligure of speech. G. ch iMhai, to use. "'' Rhapsody, excited incoherent diction. '^' Stro-pho, G., the first part of a song or danco round a Greek allar — the return was called the oniLs'tro^jhe. Hiatus, an awkward break in a word or rliy thui"^*. L.hiarc, tognp© . Pamphlet, a stitchal tract in paper cover. F, par un filet, by a thread. Doggerel, rude or low verse. ^"■'Travesty, a burlesque. '"^Emphasis, strep's in pronunciation. 9*3 Pla'giarism, a literary theft, L. plagiarins, a kidnapper. •** Critique', a criticism or learn-ed judgment. ci XX viii. — PRINTING. '•**" Imprint, to impress a mark. "^''Compositor, a type setter. Imprima'tur, />., a license'^^-* to print. '*" Paragraph, a solid body of type : a division of a theme, "" Type, the leaden forms of the letters, ic. •'»'' Stei'eotype, a plate of fixed printing type. Typcgrfcphy, the art of printing, ii^a^jevlor, asn-.all elussof t/po. -" JotKit, « full «6sortmeni^^"' of Ijpcs. "^^ype fomifler. a mnker of type. ■i^ VaCABBJ.Anr. "" Polis), a hoiA Ml whu'k the sheets are doi^jied o»«*. '"^*' Quarto, one wilh four leaves to a sheet. '^•'' Octavo, one with eiglit leavea to a sheet. '"■''^ Duodecimo, '"^0 one witli twelve leaves to a sheet. "■' Library, a s-t of books. Booltwonn, an anient '''a'ctudenfc '■^ Bible, /Ji, hook of books. 9'Vc saffron. Ixiv ''^' Stenography, short hand. • "^Orthography, "the art of' spelling. ' Volu'minous, long, occupying nuuiy volumes. cxli.— LANGUAGE." " lingual, belonging to the tongue. Linguist, one learned in the languages. '■^'^' Fhilology, tlie critical knowledge of languages. "'■Dialect, the speech of a limited district. ""' Idiom, a form of spceeh peculiar to one nation. Solecism, a barbarinm in speech, a literai-y blunder. Jargon, Gibberish, P]icech without sense. " Hellenist, a Jew speaking Greek.- a ma.i learned in Greek. Sanscrit, ■•f the sacred langujige ot t)ie iJi-a!;niiiir>. Sriavonic*, tlie speech oi ihi^sia. J'c.land. Hungary, &". "end," the ancient language ol Persia. .See ckiii.' Meso-gothic, oiu' of tlie earliest forms of the Gothic^'* tongues • Bn„ken -n 3I--ia, (now teJervia and iiul-uria). ° ' Patois, l\, Brogue, low dialect. % .^K l.AN»DA«E. 13 oo ents. orcc. es ; :«*. ©s4ii. SPEAKING. ■•' Aoco^ft, U» aditi-eas. ^'^Apophthegra, a pithj s.tyiaj. '*"<' Invc^h, to rail against, or acci'so. ''■•' Loquaoioua, GamUous, f'r. L., fond of many wor.i.,. Laconic, briff and blunt in sppccli. Seep. loij. ='^' ProUx, ■'^'Verbose, apt to imiliiply words needlessly. Harangue, F., a labt)red speech. Colloquy, Dialogue, a convereation. '" Amba'gos, L., a round about oxprossion, circumlocution. "^^ Catechiam, instruction by question and answer. ''"^Syntax, the science wliich investigates the relation of word^ i» sentences. •''* Parenthesis, an explanatory clause inserted in a senteao.. fxliii.— A SPEECH, **^ Rhotoric, the art of elegant and persuasive speech. "■* GesUculate. to use ""^appropriate postures in epaeoh. *"BecIamalion, forcible, exciting oratory. '"' Valedictory, «■' a farewell address by one in oniee. -"' Exordium, the opening of a speech^. "^Peroration, its dose. '" Phraseology, the choice of words and phrases. cxliv.— WORDS, '"»« Pleonasm, using more words than is necessary to tlie eenso. ""» Tautology, a repeating the ^ame idea in other Words. "* Ineffable, unspeakable, inexpressible. '""Etymolcpy, theclnssiHcation, inflexion, and derivation of wordd. '"Inflexion, a bending-esppci.ally a granunatical chan-e of a u'nni, n-i /./i/ii, ,/iu/, r/uni'.'^. ° *« Glossary, a dicfio i^-y. e-p.vi.'dly of obsolete or local terms. ' Lexicon, a dictionary, especially of a foreign tongue. '"'* Verba'tim, 7... word for word. "'^ Ortho'epy. th.- .-trl of pronunciation. ""''•Ellipsis,, t.iie omission of words that are understood. '^Vocabulary, Dictionary, a collection of the wordsof a laniuiHgc. *"' Obsolete, ijone out of US". ''iOfJa^Blncnia o i;..t """Purist, one particularly fastidious in choosing words. '''' Eq'uivotikf,^^ a word of douhl« n.mnin|'>>,.;Y.//t/ '" ^ ''." / -^ --V (!fi ],. V i;-54 V^JVABWLAJtT. fi "^ la a^pouitton, ]4ic('d near, with Ihesaaie menn»^. ■^*'' Auxiliary, Ancillary, tlie verbs by tlie help of which tiie others are conjugated, as can, may, cfr. L. ancilhi, a maid. "" Declension, a chan^^o of teriuiiialion in nouns, adjectivoi and pronouns. oxlv.-NAlttES. '"^ Nominal, in name only. '"'^ Anonymous, without iviin*. Surname, Cogno'mon, an additional name, afarcilj naina. ''^* Patronymic, a namo derived from ancestors. *^' Epithet, Agnomen, a name given for some yery remarkable pre^ pminonee; as Alfred the Qnat, 3 dhniha Precursor, '**''' Reputation, public name or character. •*' Pseudonym, a false or fictitious name. *"** Nom de plume, F., a name assumed by an author. ^'"^ Renown, fame, public celebrity. *"■' No'mencla'ture, the terms used in a scieno* or art. f'xlvi. —TEACHING. ^'''^^ Docile {dossil), obedient, manageable. '"^^ Discipline, rule, punibhmont. '^''^Hypoth'esis, a supposition. *"^ Rudiments, the elements of learning. ^^ Synopsis, a condensed"'*' account in one view. •"^Con'strue, to translate or explain. '"Pedagogue.^^'aschoolmaster. *Quanda'iy, a doubt, a difficulty. Incho'ative, '^"Initial, '^^Inceptive, belonging to the beginning. '*'' Indefinite, " not clear, uncertain. Scholium, G., a comment or remark. ' "" Homol'ogous, being of like nature. ""Peruse, to read through^ "^^ Licentiate, one holding a college license to teach, ^"'^o'mega, the last letter in Greek, hence the last of any thing. Hyphen, a duth to divide syllables. G. htv, one. Cedilla,.//-. F., a mark softening c contrary to rule, a^fa^'ude, "^' Anom'alous, not coming under any rule or species. ^ *■ r. f«''n fiirni^! what jh.ill I say •f it F .J^ LAW 1S§ WOIiDS KELATING TO LiVW. '^ J"^ cxlvii.— LAWS. ''■''Schedule (■^'cdi/Hl) a Inbular statement. ^"'^ Legislate, to make laws. "'"Covenant, an agreement, ^'^^ Jurisprudence,^* the science of law. '"'Default, luilure to appear in court. ■'''Proviso, astipulation, a condition. "® Apprentice, a youth bound to a trade by indentures. "*' Nonsuit, the stoppage of a case. '^' Defendant, the one against whom a suit is brought. Chicanery, I^'onn. F., trickery in law practice. Disseisin, F., unlawfully seizing another's property. cxlvriii.- LAWYERS. ^'^ Barrister, one admitted to plead law cases. '^° Attorney, F., a legal ajjent. Attorney General, the public prosecutor. '"^ Notary public, a lawjer who sees legal accounts witnessed. Client, one who engages a lawyer. L. clitns. "'^^ Brief, the statement of the case in legal form. Sergeant, F., the highest grade of lawyer, a noncommissioned anuy officer. cxlix.— LAW OFFICERS. '"'^ Sheriff, ^^'' the chief executive ollleer in a county. Posse, L.. a band of Sheriff's oflicers, a number. ^^'•' Constable, a law officer. L. stubuUnn, a stable. Alguazil, Ar., a Spanish policeman. Gensd' armes, t., the soldiers in France employed as police. *Puisne Judges, those of more recent creation. Pron. puny. Bailiff, a constable who makes arrests, &c. ^^^ Cor'oner, a law ofllccr to enquire into cases of violent death. *F. puii, since, and nu (from ««/7rt20i) born. el.— LAW COURTS. *"'' Litig'ious, fond of going to law. Affidavit, //., a etatement upon oatk. r 13fj VUeAflOLARY, 1 1i ^ *"' Deposition, evfak-iKa ki court : dethronemtiiL*" of a kiiig, *""* Purlieu, the environs of a court, a pluco generally. Subpoena L., a eumnions into court. ""^ Court martial, a naval or niilitarj court. Court of Cbancery, a court iidininisferinf: the Liwe of equity. High court of Justiciary, tl,ie >'. iio '.iiu bj UL-ir. uni'sj in viisu (,I {\m biKh of H nearer heir. ^ :^ 1,U>, . 137 [\m *^' Entail, to Uiuit iDbt'iMbiiiioo tn) cortani persoui. "'■' Pat'riniony. iv.i ancosti-ul estate. Heirloom, moviiblo property vvliich goes to tbo heir. c-liii.- T/IUEDER. *"»Honiicido.'"'^ the killing of one pcM-sjiii by anothor. Manslaughter, "'^ the killing ol' a pei-aoii without mfiliw. Chance-medley, killing accidentally. See mcdlfi/, cxxxv, ''Carnage, wholesale sliiugbter in battle. Massacre, tbo munlor of many persona. /-'. mua^ie. '"^9 Dec'imate, to kill in largo niiniberfl. Assassinate, to mnrder Bocretly. See p. 157. "«» Suicide,''"^^ ^^^ ^y^^ j^^jg i,it„g^,{f^ ^^^^ murder. "' Hogicide, a murderer of a king. ^ Infanticide, obibl murder, or one who commits it. •'•^ farricide, the murd.r of a father, or one who commits it. "* Mat'rJcide, the murder of a mother, do. do. "'Frat'ricide, the murder of a brother, do. do. oliv— CRIME AND CRIMINALS. '^'"^ ^" Misdemean'o^, a minor offeiioe against the law. Embezzle, to take for one's own use property entrusted lobim ^'■' Libel, to speak or write against anotbers good name. '•'^' Arson, ^'"Incendiarism, burning another's property maliciously ^Peculation, embezzlement of public funds. Mutiny, ./r, F., rebellion on board ship, or in the army. \Tji) Perjury, false swearing. Fracas, /'',. a noisy quarrel. Garrotte, S,)., to strangle a. man in order to v<.>b him. °'^" Treason, endcavourii.,,'; to ovcrlhri)w (he iiovernment.. '*'-^-' Counterfeit, to uuitate writing or coiii fnnidulentlv. civ. -PUNISHMENTS. '•'"'■ Pe'nal, l-.elonging to puMishneit, or inlieting it. ^' '^ Im iuuiiy, safe, iinmunity.''" ^•^■^ Atl ainder. t,ho penalty of death and dis-rac(*'^^''^ gf ibe family » iiT iiigU Iri'uson. Ouillotina, an inslruouMil for beheading. i . ]JS VoCMiLl.AltY. ''Capltai puniafcment, ihe puni9hin.M.t of defith Mory,awocKlonrnuueinwIuc4u.nnn-„al..ve..fo™ ■KJiout, a Russian wiro-tinpcd ecourrre '- Durltf °; '■• '""'"^ '^'''"^" °' tb;feet^praetiBecl in iLo East. Bungeon, a prison. '"'•'Condign, desened. «- Forfeit.-^ ...to pay a fine;. .a line. ^^*Confis'cate, to require a forleit by authority Respite thcMlekyi„fe.pu„i,bn,ent; cessation. F. rcpit Commute', to change to a niilder sentence. L./iaciLi, the treasury. WOKDS EEUTJJVG TO MEDICINE. oln.- PHYSICIANS. ''■■' Physician, a doctor of medicine. ^'"Lig^ature, a bandage. Diplo ma. G., a inedical certificate or license '-"Emw""''-'''"''^'''^ '''''' P-tender, especially in ..edicine. Em pmc, on^ practising without a regular medical training Cliemist, o:..e r-i-ac! i ^ing chemical analysis. •'^ Surgeon,'- a doctor who practises the manual operations aB amputaiuig, bleeding, &c. Formerly c/druLon ' ^ J Amputate, to cut off a diseased or injured member. ^^^ Tourniquet (i>r), a bandage u:*ed in bleeding. " ^Poultice, a soft application Tor a wound. '2 Plaster, a healing aj)plicatiun for the skin. '"' Apothecary, a druggist, a preparer and seller of medicines. olvii.— MEDICAL TERMS. Z ^^?!' ''"'^'''"'- '''Hyir^r'athy, f be water cure. Medic'inal having healing properties. Medical, belonging to medicine. ^' Emetic, a drug which causes vomitinc. "^•^ Tonic, causing a sound tvu: or state of an orgau *' Specific, n reniedy«« fo,. a particular di»»»ge, J J ■ • J iiaaiii >Hi];*lUlAK. ISf xposfd. 10 East. .i Uiuenf lome. ti3, ag ^ ••* AniSRote, that wlueh eounterucla a poison.*' '""HomoBop'athy,'^'*^ the theory that " like eJfces like," when given iiifliiitessiinal rlo-es, Hyge'ian, relating to health. Hy<,'iene', rules for health. **'* Pharmacy, the preparation of medical reinedios. ''^^ Cathartic, purgative. Nostrum. L., a pat»nk lueiliuiii©. *"' Cauterln'^ to burn with cauatic.'*^' "' Antal'gio, ilostroving pain, soothing. ""Alterative, gradually changing the habit or ooBstitution. '"^ Costive, constipated bound in the bowels. Alkaline, being of the nature of an alkali (Ar.) ; antagonistio to an acid. "'^ Astringent, binding— the opposite of laxative."' clviii.— DRUQS,^"^ MEDICAMENTS. "* Unguent, Salve, an ointment."" "^ Diach'ylon, a plaster of oil and oxide of lead, "■" Laudanum, an anodyne prepared from opium. '*"' Licorice,^^' a root useful for coughs. Ptisan', F., a drink prepared from barley. ""Prussic acid, a poison obtained from bitter almonds. Strychnine, a violent poison. G.siruchnos, the deadly nightshada. Quinine, F., Peruvian Bark, Cinchona, a remedy for intermit- tent fever. Ipecacuanha, an emetic obtained from Cacuanha, (Peru). Ac»tous, of the nature of vinegar : in X. actHum, Acetic acid, pure vinegar, (equnl piu-ts of carbon and oxygen.) Alcohol, Ar., a pure spirit, obtained by di:*tilLit)on.'»''" Aconite, wolf's bane, (a deadly poison) ; fr. G, AsafoBtida, a bitter drug. See fetid, vi. Chlorine.,/'/-. G., a gas (got from wi^/) used for bleaching and disinfecting. Iodine a chemical element obtained from sea weed. G. ion, violet, Guiacum a resin from the American liynum vitce. Elixir, Ar,, a chemical extract. Creosote, a preservative from putrefaction, distilled horn tar. Therapeutics, th«applipatio« of rem«di« to disMM. 140 y«fABULARr. mim MLXim id ULum. I v's.l clix. RELIGION. "•*' Tenot 1 1,0 doctrine or MM Ud ov infiintuineil Doctrinal, belu.igin- to doetrii.e or bHief ^"Conocience, the n.stinclivo .enne uf right and wrong. ^_^_^ Libertine ^in), on. /,v. fro.n restraints of conedenc-e. - Pioty, chdy towards God. FUuU j^kfj/, dutiluJne^^ ,0 mrmU iughteous, just, acting with probit)'.'^'* '"'Orthodox.'-*^^ correct as to creed. "«»Hetain.inv tl.^ ^ ul' tiiig_ xieieioaox, tuu oppo»it« ^*^^^' Heretic, one wlio holds wrong views in religion. ®'^ Missionary, one bent t-o preach to the heiithon. «"^ Hypocrite, one wiio ialsely pretends to bo religious. Proselyte, a convert, originally a con. to the Jewish church. ^^^^ Aro«tato, -Renegade, one who forsakes his religion foranother. „o ^^;^^'^'^^"^"' ^" "^'vocato of great freedon, in religious vieus Martyr-, one who suircrs death rather than relinqui«k iii« creed, ' fix,— GOD. God, the Deity, the siipretne ruler of till. Ubiquity, omtiipresenee. L. idji'qu^; everywhwa. Deify, to uialte a god, or rank as a god. ^^^^ Deiet, one who believes in God, but denies revelation. " Atheist, one who denies the existence ol' God. •''^« Unitarian.^^Socinian, one wlio ascribes divinity>"« to God tb« Z ^^;^^^f^^"''"^ ^-- -'"> l-ii-e. in '•three persons in one God." ^^ Pol ythoism, a belief in lii^ phirality of gods. '"-^ Pauthoism, tlie belief t but the univejv.e is' Go! '^'''"!!!'"'/v" ^'r^''-^''^?' -'>• ^'""y (-a spirit) which is not 'iw (it lilt. A. inutii'ia, tuatler. Brahma, ^UiU.rit, the chief g-d ,,f , ho Hindoos. Buddha, the chief god of the Cliinotje. Jove, Uie chief god of the Greeks arul Eomans. Wodon, Odin, the chief god of the ancient (Gothic uf^^.-on- - mytlioloyy, * •ollection of fables aboul th, hBsthw deiMc. •" 1 I 8 10; 10. S. ( KRIIOltN. 141 7 aUi. PHATERS, &«. '"* OrfJ^on, n i,rni.v. ••"Contrite, sorry fc* »„, pt„n^^. '^ iSjaculation, a nliort prayer, an exrlaniation. ""^ Liturgy, ■'•" a set form of public prn\Br. Litany../}-. G., a lo)i^' form of prayer, will. rcsjxjusf-K Mating. ./;-.X.. morning prnyorn in Jl. Catliolic clmrf!!. Vespers, /.., owning prayers in t |,o R. C. churuli. Deprecation, a prayer to ward off evil. ■'^^ Imprecate, ^'Blaspheme, to pray for evil to Borao one ols« • Anath'ema, a curse, properly authoritative. Hallelujah (y), praise the Ljrd. //. clxii.— SECTS. "■1'^ Sectarian, belonging to a sect or denomination. ""« Protestants, Christians who disavow'>'^« the Pope's authority '^^''''''^:::1;7eJ^^''^ ^--"-- b. bishop;; as ^2 Noncoiiformists, person, .ho .liHsent from the established ehurrh Puntans. the uaino (n>l given to (he Dissenters. ""Polem'ic, belonging to angry religious disputes Huguenot, a Freneli Protestant. Mahomet, Moham med, the founder of the Mahometan r.li^non Schism, separation from the chnrch. " olxiii.— BIBLE. ScriivturGS, wri, ingH, but g.n.ndlyapplied to th« llol^ Sonpture., "'"Theology, dniiuty, tiio scienee of divine things. ''"Canonical, generally aer-epted as of divine auUiority •"*' Pentateuch,7'o tho first five books of the Bible. Apocalypse nnother name for the Revelation of St John '°'« Soptuagint Veision, ilie Greek translation .jf the O Test * •^^^Vulgato the cv..,....« Latin translation of the B,"l,l., n,ade at Lethlehem by Jerome, one of the Lafhi Fatb r^- Targum. n free verni^ni of the O. Te.t. in Chal.k.e. 701 U2 rt^AniLARV Hagiog'rapha, th«^ books of the Old Teel«rsia, nrittoii bj Zo'i-uiisror: wlioiico lliat laii;;u!ige id called Zend. cIxiv.-BACEIFICES. "*•' Sacriflce, to offer to Ood or ronsiimc in honor of God. '"^^ Kol'ocaUBt,^"' a whole burnt offering, '""o Hec'atomb,»'0 the sacriliro of a bun(h-od oxen. ■'"'' Immolate to kill a aacrilii-ial victim. Suttee, fho Hindoo practice of burning widows on their hus- blind's funenil pvre. 4ji Pyre, a funeral pile for burning. '"^ Vicarious, inutead of anotlier, as "Christ's vicarious Bnoriuo*." clxv.— THE SACRAMENTS. "" Eucharist, '■'•^9 the celebration of the Lord's Supper. ^^^ Baptism, tlie Christian rite of admission into the Church. '^°* Sponsor. Godfather, a surety for the Christian education "of a child when baptized. *" Psedobaptist, one who believes in infant baptism. Baptist, a believer in adult baptism by imwiersion. ""Christen (s.i), to bvpliao — henco to namo. "^Chalice, a cup. clxvi.— SPISIT."'« Spectre. '^'■^Phantom, Ghost, a preternatural sight. •»« Transmigration, the supposed removal of a soul from one body to fuiotiier. *"' Fiend, '•"•'Demon, an evil spirit. "'' Angel, a spirit, ((/( ncrallg in ayood isam-). Nereid, G., a supposed water spirit among thean(?ient8. ""•Nymph, formerly a goddess ; now, a young woman. Saba 'oth, //, hosts, i. e, the he.ivenly host. c]xvii.--»''2CHUKCH.* *''^ Ecclesiastical, relr.-ingto a church, c, fo the cleiyy i*-" **' Synagogue, a Jew i&!i church. Mo»que, a Mahometan church. •ThtJ .Scohih term hiH- is nearer the orisinal (kvri'cff.H'.i'M-i tlifm tlis Eirulish. RRI,T'.IO.\. 143 get t« sn by , hu8< bf a )u(ly "• Oathrtlrai, tlie ch^r chiiivh of u dioeosa. Chancel, tliopm-t wIi.mv llieComi.nmioti Table MiukIs iTirhiin-h. "*»" CathoUc, Oeoumon'ical,* uiiivci-mi!, goiuM-ul. *•**• Excommunication, t-xpulsion from a chin-cli. Olebo,./'/-. //., tbo land bolonging to a parish church. "^* Sacrilege, ,/■/-. ■^'•. fli'i'-cU n.bbery-appljing eacred thinns to prolaiu-'''-" ust'd "^'* Impropriate, to put church property int.. hu liamls. Benefice, a clcrgvituin'H living or pari?h "'" * Applifii t("'<'fi or patsovor. '''•' Epiph'any, the manifest at ion of Christ to thcnenliloB. Matt, ii, I. Easter, an annual festival oomuieniorating Christ's rcsurrcctioji Whitsunday, the commemoration of the descent of tho Holy OhoBt. (Acts ii, 2-4.) ^ '"^' Pentecost, tho Jewish feast held on the oOth day after thg I'ass- over: Whitsuntide.""* Micheelmas, the feast of Michael and all angels. Lady Lay. thw feast of tlie Aniuinciation to the Virgin Mary. §40 clxix.-^CLEEGY. 'Laity, the poopio, as distinguished from the clergy. '•'"Collate, t.> iMvacnr i,;;i l„ :,, li, ,,: to compare pusaage>i in books Canonicals, the oliifiatii'^,' dericnl robes. *«» Deacon, tlie lowest ,-.n!v of the Ei)isc.)pal clergy : a church utlicer. Curate, a cler^'yn ;iu ser. iii^^ undor a rector. "« Incumbent, "'"Vii'ar, rho ohM-u„;in who is over a parish. Preb'endary, /)-. /... ii (I.Tirvm m odlciating in a cathedral '"■'^Dean. ''■ -k bd ,w a i.ishop. f- lis. ! uc hi: lidignita ios in tho R. Catholic church from whLini a P,.po is cho.-eii : /;•. L. root nu'aning chief. »'- Conclave, the assembly or colK-oe -f Ca. dinals. "* Apostol'ic, beloiigi-.i; : . ti;,> !■]> )silHs. Acolyte,* an attenclaiiD on a priest during MnM. ' T.i'. a., ono who is strici in religious exercises. Derviso, a MahoJueLan monk. clx\ BISHOPS.'"' '^■•-Hierarchy, the priesthood, especially the prelates. *'' Episcopal, belonging to a bishop. i;)77 Prelate, a bishop, or archbishop. *""* Diocese, a bishojjric or bishop's see. Mitre, a bishop's crown; Rochet (/.), bis surplice: Crozier,'''*" liis crod/c, "'''Consistory, a bishop's court for church causes. Pri'mate, the chiif archbishop in a country. THE MIND ANB^CIIAEACTER. clxxi.— THE MIND. ^^'■^ Metaphysics, the science of mind, mental science. '9* Psychology, a treatise on the mind or ioul. ^"^ Insane, unsound of mind. Im'becile', weak in mind or body. \'ih^ piirensy, raving madness. "'''Idiot, a person without sense. Delirium, L., a wandering of the wits. '•*'* Maniac, a madman. Adj. Jiiani acal. Do'tard, one who has outlived liis faculties. '"'''^ Magnanimous,'^-''^ noble minded. **■*' Intellect, the understanding. '*'•'* Suggest, Prompt, to hint, to put into the )nind. Versatility, ability to turn to any new task. clxxi i.— KNOWLEDGE. '"■* Cognizance, knowledge, notice. '"^Presdsnce, f.)reknowledge. '°''^ Omniscient, knowing all things. ''•^ Assurance, certain knowledge, also boldness. •'-^ Erudition, learning. ''""Sciolist. .■!?.!!!,•(( tci-or. '■'" Pliilosopher.'^^' a deep thinker and le irned pe/son. '•'• Literati, '•*•• Java-is, kk« leirHad, \h.% pkilwsopkir*. m^ MIND AND CHAKACTEK. 145 uer, 78' •dy. ilge. '' Pedant, one vain of his knowledge. '•^Ucu'men, Shrewdness, Sagacity, keenne88 of perception. '• '^ Ascertain, to gain knowledge. ;^^| Discern. '-Perceive, to ascertain either by the mind or senses. * Ponder, to thmk deeply, or weigh in the mind. clxxiii.— ASGUMJEJfT. 'I^l logic, scientific reasoning, the art of reasoning. ^'"Syllogism, a formal argmuenfc consisting of premises and condu^ I^^^^^Soph'istry. «'«Fallaoy, a deceitful argument, an error «05 l"*''T' ^.''' '"^"'"°^ ""^ ""'''""* ^^ ^' P««uasion, when effectual. ^^^ Hypothesis, a supposition for the purpose of argument. •"'Cor'ollary, an inference or conclusion. »*»^ Postulate, something assumed without proof. |^«^ Reason, n. the intellect, a cause ; v. to use the intellect. "^^ Altercate, to dispute angrily. clxxiv.— WISDOM. '«»> ^-Prudence, practical wisdom., foresight. •'<^* Judicious, having sound or good judgment. '■""Omniscience, infinite wisdom, all knowledge. Magi, the ancient eastern philosopherg, espouially of Porgia. Nestor, an old man, wise from bis experioneo. Prejudice, judgment formed before the knowledge of tho facts, clxxv.- EXAMINATION, '^^57 proOP. »*« Interrogate, to question. ''^•Investigate, to look carefully into -' Analyze,^ U^^xamino a thing by separating it into its simplest •'«•' Explore, to examine an unknown place. '**^ Inquest, legal inquiry into tlio oatises of violent death. ""■•On the Tapis, (ec) under consideration, litf^rally "on the oarpet," ""Identify, to ascertain the identity. '"^* Axiom, a truth too obvious to need proof, ''•"' Incontrovertible, not to be disputed. 10 Uii VOCABULARY. clxivi.— ANSWER, DECLARE, «»2 Rejoinder, a reply to an answer. •"^o Repartee, a witty rqAy. «'«Retort, a rude reply. Asseverate, to declare most solemnly : ./>. L. ^■^ Recant, to recall a f»rraer declaration. clxxvii- DOUBT. »'-"5'' Dis'putable, doubtful, liable to dispute. Demur, to hesitate, to doubt."'° See cxv. Fastidious, over nice,./>. i. '"Quer'ulous, Iretlul. peev.sh. ^' Cynic, a snarler, a scoffer. "22 Dissuasive, tending to dissuade against. DUemma, G., a vexatious alternative. clxxviii.— REMEMBER. >^'9 Memorable, wovtky to bo remembered. Memorial, Souvenir, F.. that which reu.in.U .me oi souietlung. Memorandum, /.., a note to aid the memory. MemorabiUa, L., things worthy of remembrance. *•"** Reminis'cence, recollection . "'7 Mnemonics, art ifioial aids to the memory. »='" Amnesty, forgiveness for political offences. »'"** Ignore, to pass a thing over arf if unnotind. clxxix.-DTJTY.'*^'^ n'^Dev'oir, duty. »«->Implicit, unqiiestioning. s" Obeisance, («) »n act of respect. Behoove, to become one, or be to one's hrlnof »r advantage. Decorous, decent, proper. Deco'rum, />., propriety. » '^'' Exem'plary, worthy of imitation. Chastity, purity of thought, word, and actio,.. L., -uslus, eh .te. clxxx.- GUILT. «•' Obloquy, reproach, disgrace. '^'-^ Heinous, h^^hM, eTu.n.M.n.. "'-'' Lache, i''., an omission of duty, a laull. '•-■"•Covetous, greedy. Invidious, />. L., envious, unfair. 17 Mischief, null ice, damng(>. Adj. mi^'h>r>-nH^. Atrocious. A. */mr, bloody, fierce. '""' Obdurate, stubborn. ^'•*' Malign,'"' tending to evil. *^ Inim leal, uiifnpndly. m- M miMwiiiiiif liiLi iii'iiliiiii-i ri'ivinii Tnr'n MIND AND CHAKACTER. 147 h (.■tl btW. nW!'. •tl. clxxxi.— FALSE. '^^Ticti'tious, imaginary. Spurious, //•. L., not genuine. ^-"•^ Mendacity, falsehood. Equivocation, deceit without actual false- hood. '*''=' Sycophant,'^'^ one who curries fayor by talebearing.* "^" Illusion, a deceptive appearance, an error. ^^^ Subterfuge, a trick or feint. Disguise, y)-. F., a dress assumed for deception. «"--^ Factitious, artificial. Ad"iUa'tor, L., a ilatteror. Inveigle, (a) to decoy into a snare. F., avciu/W, to blind. ''•'-'Concoct, to pr(?pare : to make a dish. ''^'' Finesse, F. artifice, nice management. *ELCause the Greek syoopliaiit^i iiilwrined on those wlio smiigjrici c^r^^ clxxxi i.— FEAR AND COURAGE. Awe, dread of a superior being. Aghast, terror struck, as if one had seen a ghost. ""■''' Obsequious, over respectful. ^"Pusillanimous, '-^'^ cowardly. Chime'ra, G., an idle bugbear. Harebrained, giddy, wild. Daunt, to f riglaten off. Poltroon, a coward : Jr. F^ "■^'Pertinacity, piM-severance, stubbornness. "^^"^ Expugn, to drive out a foe, to take by assault. clxxxiii. — PRIDE. ""Conceit, too high a sense of one's own merits or importance. Egotism (L. v(jo, I.) continual thoughts of one's silf. "•'^Haughty, proud, high minded. Hauteur, haughtiness. Nonchalance, F. indifference, coolness. •'-^ Con'tum-e-ly, reproach, insult. Brusque, F., rudely blunt. Eclat {(iw) F., Prestige, F., showy public success. '■'"^ Contemn, to despise. "^Presumption, taking too much on one's self. •"' Opinionativo, too much set on one's own opinion. Supercilious, disd.',inful.'''^ L. mpcrdUa, the eyebrow clxxxi v.- COURTESY. *"^^ ^"Suavity, sweetness of manner. Solicit, to eourt, to beg a favor : ./'/■. /.. ''"'Compia'cent, jileased with oih'V ^eirjiml oHiers. 148 VOCARULAIIY. I: Com'plaisant, F., obliging. Courteous, (tlr) polite. Deb'onair", F. gentool, elegant. *^"^ Demure, more innocent, in appearance than in reality. ®'^ Affable, convai'sable,"^ frank — willing to converse freely, clxxxv.—APPROVAL, HJEASURE. ^^''' Acquiesce, to consent by silence. ''•''Ac'ceptable, agreeable,'*'-^ worthy of acceptance. '"'^Appreciate, to value duly. 1297 jjj-'quisite, choice, select. '** ■'^Ecstasy, exressivo joy. ^'"Halcyon, calm and pleasant : also the kingfieher. clxxxvi.— PITY. '•'^' Sol'ace, to comfort. "'^''Sympathy, fallow feeling, nonipursion.''"*' 1327 pi^an'thropist,^"" one loving all numkiiul. Alms,* aid given to the poor and wretched, ''"CBgjjgfjgejiOQ^ good deeds. «:*c Benign, kind, graciouis, favorable, ■^G. deemos'una, tliroiigh the French alntmnp. clxxxvii.— LAUGHTER. Gayety, fr. F., light hcartedncRS, mirth. Facetiae, X. witticisms. ^'^Tarrago, a nonsonpipul medley. ~ Exhilarate, ,/>■. L,, to raise the spirits. Grotesque, (piaint, st range, Raillery, {ml) Jr. F., satirical wit. Cocagne, an itnaginary place of idleness and delight : hehfe (with its derivative, CocJnuy) applied to London. ■ ACTMS AKB QUALITIKS/ 15a ll clxxXviii.—TO UNITE, Incorporate to unite iis part of a body. "^•'Cohere, to be united with by the attraction of coh'osiott, **'** Annex, to unite to or fidd at the end. J >«7 Consolidate, Coalesce {.U akJarc, to grow); (n hcfome solidly joined to. "*^ Consttt uent joined iupejiai'nbly. ACTIONS AND QUALITIES. U\) loh tij4a sti-aiigo, •e (wif h stilidly "" Contiguous, joined at tlio bordors, touching. '''^ Coacomitaat, associated with, united. Melange, F., a raixluro. clxxxix.— TO STRIKE, TO BREAK. ^8^ Efface, to erase,«" to strike out. Expunge,-" lo wipe out. Infringe, to break a law or an agi'etment. "^^ Dissever, to separate, or break ol'f. "^•^ Inviolable, not to bo broken. ^ Frangible, easily broken, fragile, frail. "'=' Disruption, breaking off from a church. exc— TO SEND, TO ORDER. Wespatch, to send off in haste. F. chjxchrr. ^''^ Delegate, to send on an embassj. ^J^^ Remand, to order a ]ues3enger back, or recall an order. " Transmit, to send from one place to another. ^^^ Dim'issory, dismissing, granting leave to depart. ""^Per'emptory, impatient and positive in command. Seria'tum, L., in regular order or series. Informal, done out of order. Bespeak, to order goods beforehand. "'^Routine, F. a stated order of proceeding. cxci.— TO DRIVE. '■•'Precip'itate, to throw iieadlong. ""^Repulse, to repel a charge in battle. Drift, to be driven by wind or tide. °"* Dispel, to scatter or drive away. Goad, to urge forward by desire or fear. "-» Intrude, to push in uninvited. Protrude, to thrust forward. cxci i.— FORCE. «^-5 ''^'_ InvaUdate, to weaken an argument. Valid, strong to convince. '" Coerce, to restrain by moral or legal force im petus, L., the force derived from quick motion '^^ Momentum, L., the force of impact, the product of the ^veight of a body multiplied by its rate of motion, impact, f'r. J,., collision or si riking together. '^^" Vehein«nee, force of motion, or intensity of foelinrr. 150 roCAliULAHY. ff u /'■ Recoil, (lie roboimd when a force is rcmovofl : ./>. X, In abeyance, not at presont in force. cxciii.— POWER. F., pouvoir •'° Incapacitate, to make incompetent. Paramount, F., sovereign. "^ Predominate, to have a superior power, to he in greater numbers. 2"' Omnip'otent, ahnighty, all-powerful. **'^''' Efficacious, having power to produce a desired effect. "-"Paralyze, to loosen tlie control of the nerves, and therefore tho power of action, and sense of feeling. cxciv. — TO FAIL. '°°2 Relapse, to fall back into sickness or error. '*''° Prostrate, to fall down in worship, to throw down. Collapse, to shrivel up when not distended by air. Drizzle, to fall like mist. "^Subside, to sink to the bottom. "^^ Attenuated, thin, "fulling away." ^"'^'Cadence, a full of the voico. cxcv.— TO GO, TO MOVE. '^''Retrogade, v. to go back: a. backward. ^'"Abscond, to run away or hide from justice. '^"Transgress, Trespass,/;-. F.. to go over the bounds. of duty. ''''Invade, to go into a country as an enemy. •^"'■^ Deviate, to go out of tho way. Permeate, /;•. L., to enter through the pores of the skin. '^"Transitory, passing away, not lasting, imusUnt. «'• Inert, sluggish, motionless, '"'Dilatory, slow, sluggish. Chattels, movable property. See caterer^ c. ""^ Automaton, '«" a self moving machine. "*2 Stagnant, motionless— applied only to liquids. ""^ Motive, a. causing motion ; n. an incitement. *•" Agitate, to move forcibly. '"^ Immobility, resistance to motion, coolness of temper. cxcvi.— TO WALK, TO RUN. '^2 Perambulate, to walk about. ^'^'♦Transfix, to run through or pierco. Pi'omenade, F pic about in. Elope, to run awny from parental or marriage control. 13^0 Collision, a running together of two hard bodies. ACTIONS AND QUALITIES. 151 cxcvii. — TO TURN.'^" '•'^Diverge, to (urn from a cenh-al point. Converge, to tend towards a central point, '-''Divert, to turn out of the course. Reciprocate, to act mutually,* '75 to return favor«. L., rccip rocuSy inutuaL '""Retrieve, to turn failure into success, cxcriii — TO STRIP, TO COVER.'-s ^''^Denude, to strip off the clothes. ^"' Divest, to strip oir, to take away, '■^'^^ Excoriate, Flay, to strip off the skin. '"".Palliate, to excuse. Compare the old word •' (o eloke." 9"i> Envelop, to cover with a wrapping. '^^ Immerse, to plunge into (he water. ■'-''Inundate, to overwhelm with water. ~ Ensconce, Ijo take shelter behind : jr. Gcr. '^7'' Integument, the natural covering of an animal or vegetable. cxcix.— TO GIVE, TO LEAVE. '"'^Beiintjuish, to give up an undjertaking or claim.. »'^ Surrender, succumb,'-'"^ to yield to a victor. ^^^ Donation, a gift. Guerdon, I\, a reward, a gift. Douceur, F., a bribe. Indue, to furnish : /)•. L, - Eschew,,/)-. Gcr., to leave off, from a sense of disapproval. — Des'uetude (wc), disuse : fr. L. Adieu, i. e. I commend you to God, in F., a Dieu* *So good bye is God be lof ijc. cc.^TO TAKR ""' Alienate, to take away the affections. *^''Sereave, to take away children or friends, '^sfi Arrogant, apt to take too much on one's self. Mesh, to take game in a net : fr. Gcr. ^"Dismantle, to disarm a fort or a sliip of war. I1G» 124.-) cci.— TO SET, TO PUT. Appropriate, Coasocrate. (o dev(»te to saf-n-d u^eji. to set apart for a special purpose. 153 \i)VAhVLAKr. " Constitute, to p\vo pxisfonoe to. Hy^ Release, to sot I'roo fi-,„n eaplivity. F., rdnis.srr. Invest, to put in ulllc-o by giving the appropriivtp (Irnna, Instal, to put in oflloo by puttin- into the place of cdi,,, ^^^Transpose, to put oaoli in tlio roum of tho otUor. ■• Adjourn, to put off to a future day. n 9ti D * Procrastinate, to cleluy from i\v to day. "'"Bepudiate, to put uwuj and disown. ccii.— TO DRAW, "■'-Elongate, to leni-then out. "" Protract, to prolong tho time. Inhale,,//'. /v., to draw in bi'(Mth. '^'Delineate, to draw or pourtruy. '*'■** Extort, to draw or drug out by fon-e. Cajole,./)'. F,, to draw on by flattory. Shrivel, to bo drawn together, to wither. ^""Develop, to grow or unfold, to draw out. wiii,— TO CUT, ®'" Rescind, to repeal, to c t off. ''^•^ Epit'onie, a couipreasioii, an abridgement."'"-* Lacerate, to tear or cut to ]>icces. : /)•. L, Mutilate, to out (.)1Y so au to reader impcirfeeS. : /)•. /,, *'^'' Excavate, to out out hollows in tho earth. ^^'^ Eradicate, to out or pull up by the root3, "^' Curtail."^-' to eut sliort, retrei.'cli.'^s Defalcate, to cut off or aublract from. L.,J\tU', a sick [y, ociv.-TO CHANGE, ^-^ Convortrble. able to bo changed into somelhij>g else. Conversion, change into another state or creed. "^^ Mutable, liable to change. "^'^ Vicisaitiides a change of fortune or of tlie seascjus. Transmute, to cliange into another substance. >'"^** Innovation, the introduotion of a novelty. «" Revolution, an entire and radical change, a turning round. i I «^^ Crisis, G. the time when m\ i3&i,.xc-itoment oi- fevex- has icight and time of ehungo, !» i'euvUetl it s 1 u;la'« i!3 ACTIONS AM) QUAl-lTIES. 153 «|« Emendatiori, a convrt ion of an orvoi- in books.. •Amendmeut, a olia..«o Tor tl.o boLtor in morals. •Diversity, vai-iet J, "7-/ (.iiango. "'^^ In lieu of, in place of, iasload of. ocv.-TO DESTROY.*'" 4«' ?"^?'^ -"f ■' ^"^ '^°'^'''^ "^^ "■"^''' "' Catas'trophe,a *ul ufcidout. Jixtmgmsh, lo jiut out a flaino. ^m '^"^.P^'*^*^' ^'^ P"'^l tl''»''i 'I building. •'■^■^ Extirpate, to nxjt out or extoi-niin'ito. '"'*' Anni'hilate, to destroy entirely. Jeopardy,,/)-. F., risk, hazard. HOOT r' '''''^' ^'^^ ""'^'"'"^ ^"^ ^'^"'^ ^'"'» '^'"1 flestruotion. Indestruotible, not to bo destroyed. Impair, to damage. eovi. — EFFORT.*''^ «^'^' l^easiWe, tl.at uuiy be done. '" Desultory, by fits and Btarts. ^^ Hercu'lean, very dillloult, vast, or strong. See ». l.-,8. Irretrievable, not to bo retrieved ^"" Abortive, Futae, >. I., vain, ineffectual. oovii.— CLEAR, OPEN. ^'^ marify, to elear from sediment. Explicit, clear, plain. ^^ Explicate, to clear away difficulties, to explain. Excul pate, to clear from a charge of criu»e. Obvious, cle.ir to the eye or mind. ^ ^^^ Obscure../)-. L., the opposite of obvioT.s. Transparent, clear, so as to admit light. linipicl, ./)-. Z., clear as running water. ^' PfiTspiPuous, clear to the undorstandiiio- -^Disclose. .-. Divulge, to make public what ^va3 secret. Communicable, not reserved. 2^^ Fissure, an opening in rock, wood, &c. - Incisure, an opening made by cutting. coviii.-SHUT, SECRET. «'« Exclude, to shut out. Incarcerate,./)-. L., to imprison Immure, toshut up wuhin wall. (L. ....,). o:ocioistor,acm.vent / . 154 VOCABULARY. I Recluse, oik- who slmfs liimsclf up for sdidy or rcf iroinonf.""' '"•'Clandes'tine, Bocn-t, rruin loar ol' public feunure. ■"'^ Confidant, ono to whom another's secrets iiro told. '•'" Rec'ondite, hid from the couuiiou luuss of mankind. Em'issary, a Bocret political agent, a ppy. Conventicle, a secret mooting in time of roligioas persecution, Perdu, F., hidden, lost. ccix.— EQUAL. ""'6 Equivalent, equal in valuo. Tantamount,"" cMiual in meaning, '""Competent, able to do the work undertaken. ''"'" Equitable, just, fair. •""'•Nonpareil, /'., having no npuil. Adequate, equal to or sulllcient fur. cr\'.— FEEE. "*^ Emancipate. '•»« ""Manumit, to free from slavery. '^^' Exonerate. "^-"Acquit, lo deelaro free from guilt. "'"Absolve, to loosen from an obligation. '■■"•' Spontaneous, '"'Voluntary, proceeding from free will or one's own accord.'"' '''•'Munificent, generous, free in giving. '"Unencumbered, free from obstacles or encuiubrancos. ""Unembarrassed, free from debt, or from diHidence.*^"^ ccxi. — HARD. **-" Laborious, hard to do : willing to work liard. '"•" ftbstrnse, hard to understand. '^"*' Onerous, hard, burdensome. "'^^jjjjpg^^j^Q^^^ j^^^,. ^,j ^,^ pierced. '^"Remorseless, without pity. '^"^Inveterate, hardened by time. '-'^^Inex'orable, not to be moved by entreaty. ccxii.— SOFT, LOOSE. Bland, ./>. />., soft, gentle, pleasant. Mellow, 3.)ft wilh ripeness. Flaccid, />. L,, soft from wilting or decay. '"'^Mitigate, to alleviate, to be less severe. "-•' Incoherent, loose and unconnected in sense, "^* Incompact, not firmly united in the parts, !"» Dissolute, lr!!)3e and careless in morals. Undo, to loosen, also to ruin. Lis solubil'ity, liability to bo dissolved. .> inent."" sedition, meaning. ml. 11 or one's piorccd. yy time. ripeness. .. 1 WOUDS DimiVKI) l-UOM PHOPKR NOUNS. 155 1100 efxiii. FULL. Plenteous, full, ubundanl. '^"-'Hoper'tory, a etorehouBo. ^Thorough, compile, perlcH-t. ^'■^"Accrue, to bo mlde.l to. ^^^' Redound, to conduce to. Redundant, snperabundunt. Satiety, a sonso of tUsgiist I'roiii over i'uUnma. Cloy, to disgust by repletion. "^"^ **" Exaggerate, to go beyond the truth. Ennui, F., disgust from satiety or idleness. ,(,^^ ccxiv,— HEMARKABLE. Unique, alono of its kind, w»' f/cn eris:^*" ^ ^ ^ Phoenix, a pl.enon.cnon, the only one of the kind. See p 1 .-,7 Egregious, extraordinary, uncommon. ^""Eccentric, wliiinsical, odd. Gorgeous, remarkably splendid ^^^^^ Piquant, F., full of zest. Poignant, F., sharp. '"'^Grandeur, F., greatness, magnilicence. ccxF.— MEAN. ^^^ Squalor, L., filth, sordidneas. ^«^ Igno ble, of low on.rin. Mediocre, Ordinary, average, middling. ?uny, pitifully e.uall or weak. 8ee pni.inc, cliv ^^'''''\2upi"'''"'^^''''''' "^««'Pi°^We, mean,* worthy of con- Mtee, of small si^. -. p.^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ penuriousness.t menial, low m condition, servile : fr, F. **-'^' Obsequious, mranly submi^^ive in manner. Malversation, a mean broach of trust WOEDS DERIVED FDOI PEOPER NOUiXS. L— PLACES. Artesian weUs, those of 1 , , . Albertite coal 1 V..M ,reat depth, f ^''t"'^- lEj*! o°t' 1 Albert Co., X.B. agate,ajevvel,li.Acha'tes, Sicily, babble,' .ense'less talk. Ikbol arabesque, see cxxxiii, Arabia, bayonet, Bayonne." ' Or from i,ii/»'. l'->n WUKDS DKIUVEI IKO.y l-JtOPKR NOUNS. bUlingBgate.loun J,,.,,. ^ ^jj, ^ ub.iHc, I'BillingPgalo. B^' Genova. caUco. e,ai„„ K"i»oa fowl, guinea, Guinea. canary bird, canary I " g^'^bogo, voUow, Ciimbodin. ,.,i„„ ^ tuiwiryjH. ginglmm,iicolton,G.iiiR.um|)(/'>) wine, rhestnut, Kas'tunon (A.Mhi.) coijper, cypress, orapo, Cvpnirt. crelacoou-s, cluilk^, 'Crt'lo. chalcedony, a goin, =• Chalcodon. china, 8oe xi;vi, China, cravat, a mrk doth, Cnmliu. cambric, a cloth, Cambray. gantlet, or gantlope, ■' (Jhiiit gasconade, boaating, Oabcony. hock wine, hoUands gin, \ hollanrt Une», j Huronian rocks, L. Ifuron. indjgo, India, lloi'hlioini. Holland. canter, ;i niodoruto 1 ^ ^ jean, fwillod col ton, Juon (.S». gMllop, I Canterbury, jet, aniiuoral, H. Cl.iga'Lus (A.M). caraway seed, Caria(./. .1//^/.) JWap, soo xlii, Xakpu (.l//.r). """" Ouiana. Jurassic rocks, Alt. Jura. cayenne pepper, champagne. Cliaiupagno cherry, Cor'asus {A. Minnr) chocolate, Chovo (rcinc) Corinthian architecture, Corinth, currant, do^ cordwainer, a shoe- I maker, I Cor'dovji. cordovan leathir, J damask, damascene, damson, Damascus. Laurentian rocks, R. St. Lawrenco. laconic, briel' in 1 , ,^.. speech, J t.^it''0'"'i(6r). madeira wine, Jf.uleira. magnet, magnesia, Magnesiu {A. M). malmsoywine, Malvasia ((rr). meandsT, to wind \ R. Meaiuler Jlij'Hlt, / (J. M_) TOnmxiQr, Milan. Doric architecture, ]>oi-i8(6Vrm). morocco leather, Morocco, diaper, llgured liiien,'* ippcs. Ud. niuslin, Mosoul (//. 7'ur/c.) delf, earthenware, Delft, nankeen cloth, Nankin. ^^^i^Q, Annenia. port wine. Oporto, flannel? Llanillo (/fW,.s-). pi-ol. Pietoja (7^. Sypsey? ^aypt. moti, {airy 1 Persia. « A fl.h market In Loiidon. notorious Un- the scurrility of tl.e saleswomen. J ^"/' ''^^'""'■' ""^"'^ "^ *''*" '''^"^ °^ ""'• "'■ t'i« lU'Ht four (Koimieriicul Coun- cils, ."iee ^Iruin, below. * Prono.w.cea /;,.;..,-. Dia„er is •' c.Jot 1. of Yi-re^'-in F. dmp d^prcs. s \ot the elove, but a iniHtary ;>.,.. ishi!i<„t-{he victiia Ji 1 twecj) two lilesof men, wl 10 struck at him us lie j>as.s<.'d. a iiavijjy to pasa he- Qeiiovn. Quiiioii. Caiiibodia. iiuoiuii|) (/'/•) * Glu-nt. Qascony. lIucLlioiiii. llollaml. L. irui'oii. India. Juen ('*^/'). ■.i'U'i{A.M). ilujia {M(.i-), Mt. .Turn. t. Lawreneo. woiiia (Gr), ]\f;uloira. MiiyiK'sia {A. M). IvftBia (Or), R. Moarulor (J. 3i.> Mi Ian i Morocco, {A. Turk.) Jvankin. Oporto. *isU)ja (7^). Perctia. ileswoinen. eniculCoutj- Cl/JJl-CS. to pa^is be- i WOIUW DERIVED VliUM IMiOl'HU Xor.NH. l.jT phoonix, rcxW, polka, pheasant, Permian rocks. prussic acid, pnissiate 1 of potash, spruco paduasoy. a HJlk, romance, romantic, rhubarb, Rhen'ish wino, Scallion, an onjoii, Bhalott, do, earconet silk, Syeiiito rockg, Phpnicia. Poland. H. PIiMsiH.fl 1' I'M! (/i'un.) A rusBia, Padua. Rome* Rltino. Ascalon. Saracens. Sycno (AV///). Bpa, a mineral sprinip, Spa ( //, /,/). sardonyx,'" a jewel, Surd.s. fiardine, a fi!«li, ") sardonic, IVi^'nod j ''^"■''^^'nia. ihvity wine, Xores. Silesia, a linon stuff, Hilosia. spaniel, HiHp.uuola. tariff, a rato of diities, Tun i a. Tokay, a wino, Tokuy (Ansf.) topaz, a jowol, » To'p"z<>9. tripoli, a mineral, Trip(jli. turkey,'" turquoiw, lii, Tu.'kov tuscan, straw plat, Tus.^iinv. worsted, " WorBtoad (.^V///). academy, assassin, see cliii. II.- PERSONS. Academes, an Athenian, in wliuso groniuls Plato taught. Hassan, an Oriental prince in 1 'Jt h Cent., whose followers niiinlcr,'d at ills bidding : or hasheesh, Ik mp, Arius, the horesiarchnnd opponent of Athanasius at the Council of Nice, A. B. 8lT). followers of Arminiup and Soci- liius, opponents of Colvin, Augustus Cii'sar-^cilled boforo staii'lis, i. e. sixth. Thomas Ulanket, one of the Pleni- ingfl who aetllod at Worsfeacl." , .BurLe, tlio murderer, bacohanaiian, druukon : dobftuoh. JlacchuB, the ancient g.- ^ E. of tile Black Boa. n'lw luu'irnn.am,- of Iho V»!jv,i „>,.! fr.,,,, !.."!,„>t ancient of i)ljilo,.()j,li('r>:. dth';-. -i\,. it iVnni tlie AiaW,., I,imi(t, tl u !-(!,'iot ait, ur the (iMMtiv cimm.is |iiiud terror by his uionetroiis bliape and voice. Phihp of Macedon, denounced by the great orator Demostlienes. Phito, a great Greek philosopher, tlio Easterlings or Baltic traders, the Salian Franks, who disallow- ed female heirs to tho crown. Simon Magus, see Acts viii, 18-24. tho Sclavi, ujade bondsmen by the Germans. Saturn, Jupiter's father, or Scaler, a Saxon god of similar repute. Dr. Sarrazin, of Quebec, who sent tlie first Bpecimens to the French botanist, Tournefort. I^eaf3nning by questions, after tho manner of Socrates, the greatest of Grecian philosophers. Tan'lalus, a criminal in the Greek myths, condemned to endless hun- irerand thirst, wMli food and drink ever just beyond his reach. I'hor, " the hammerer," tho Goth' ic Hercules. Cardinal Tonti, its inventor, the VuncUuS; who ruthlessly rai> sacked tbc Italian palaces and churches. V\ilcan, (he; ancient god of ilrc ami ot' smiths. Wodiu; si^n ch, Ift-riicshi of tMiVumiii rinuvii iM'or.'rinCiil. )UNS. thcpliei'cb, who hid inonstroua I, denounced by emoathencs. >k philosopher, Baltic traders, who disallow- the crown. ids viii, 18-24. andsmen by the ithcr, or Scater, lilar repute, uebec, w ho sent ! to the French rt. stions, after the 3, the greatest of ers. ml in the Grreek 1o endless hun* I food and drink lis reach, erer," the Goth^ B invcritor. ruthlessly ran* m palaces and tgod of lire and \ OTIC K. THE TEACHER'S EDITION IS ^()\V UKADY. Tlii^ .oiilrnni^ llu' Kxiiris(- In \W work, iii \hc lonii (if :in Vnv. iuiix. i>!:i<'i'': :5<> .caoNT^i. ,^'^;*^.