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If ,* -- % - •-^ (> \ aEOT/XIICAL SURVEY OF CANADA G. .M. DAWSOX, c'..M.(i., I.L. D., rh.s., D.rk.to., IJKPOHT 'IN I rduiiuN III iiiK PHUMNCE OF (KTEI5EC <r()XTI{i:AI. SHKCT, IIV l{. \V. KLLS, LL.I)., IMJ.S.C. 11 Cliaiili'i' "11 llic Liiiiiriiiiiiii. \(,ii|| „f t|,p S{. Imnn \\m l"l!A\K I). ADAMS. .\f.\.Si ., I'„.|). OTTAWA PRINTED BY S. K. DAWMOX, I'KINTKR TO TIIK (iUKKXS MOST EXCKLLKXT AIA.IKSTY <,)^ b 1896 O-.-^ % \i'\^ I.>r. (;. M. |)Aus(,v, (' M.G., F.R.S., at.. l>ii*'ctor Geological Survey of C'lmadu. Sir,— I Im-k to sulm.it lieivsvitli a report on the «eolo;,'y of tlmt portion of (^uelH«u contained in the South-west -luarter .si...et map (.f that province, Ijeing the third in tlie series. It contains the results of^bservutions nwido chiefly in lS89-!tO, l,„t whirr. N. .1. (Jiroux and Dr. \V. K. Decks, and also by Mr. Whiteaves, Dr. .\mi and myself. These have been examined and named by Dr. H. M. Ami, whose report thereon will be found in the form of an appendix. I have the honour to be. Your oljedient servant, R. \v. i:ll.s. GEOLOfiir.vL SuKVEY Offick, OriwwA, Nov., 1895. H to ^eT"'"" 'T^ '"' '"'^ "' ^'■•■^ """"'-^ '- ^-- --th reference to the true .nend.an. the declinatio.. l.i„g „,out 13 wc.t of north REPORT h reference jf north. ON A W»HTI'>\ (IK Tlltt PROVINCE OF QUEBEC (ItMI'HiHKIi l\ TMK SOUTIIAVKST SHKKT OF THE •• KASTKUN T()WNSHIl*S ' MAP (MONTHKAL SHKKT.) BY H. \V. KLLS. r.LI)., I'.M.H.C. Willi !i Clia|,lfr un llie burenliiiii. Norlli uf Hit' SI. bwreiicf Rivor. uv KUANK I). AKAMS. .\l \ I'li. It. The present report loinprises tlie results of the observations), miide principally during; tin- yearn 1889 iind 1890, in the area imluded in the south-west <|uurter-.sheet of the " Hiistern Townsihips " series, or that IMjrtioii adjoining the states of Vermont and New York. The ai-ea Ann .n,. more [)articularly (leseribed is Imunded on the east by Uike Mem- ^^^^^^^ '" ""' phrcMna^of,' and by a line drawn thence north to the vicinity of Richmond, on the St. Francis l{iver; and on the west by Mi.s.sis.juoi Bjiy and the Kichelieu River. Careful examinati(m, however, was also made of much of the Hat country lying Itetween this river and the St. [.Awrence, but, owing to this ansa J»eing largely clay covered and presenting very few outcrops of rock, the geolojjical results obtaine«l are much less satisfactory than for i\„ area further eastward, where rock-exi)osures are numerous. A n. i.vimi nation was also made of the country along the lower Ottawa and the Islands of .lesusand Montreal, to obtain any additional details of structure which might be revealed by recent lines of railways or other works, such as quarries and excavations. The examinations thus comprise the highly altered series of rocks seen i^^,, ,, , , in the Sutton Mountain anticline, which are the northward extension of ''.v'^'"' '"""»• the njcks of the Green ^fountain range in Vermont, as also a very """*" considerable portion of the Lower Palieo/oic of the St. T^^vwrence basin on the west, and of the St. Francis and Memphremagog syncdne on the east. The peculiar rocks of Phillipsburg, Stan- bridge and Bedford were also carefully exandned, in company with 6 J ylKIIKC. I- 1 U ri'lii'c luuiii. «.!.. Th-» ,.„„«i„„. ,,„.„ j; ;„Vv :i^ " ■■',""; «■»' Th.. (lat c.untrv Imtweei. the Hii-hHieu ,„.,| si f 'i-^ woll as tlmt ,I,.n« th. lower Ott J ," th " '/^'T"-' "^'''-> of C'anmla (IHG.t) It i„,|.„i Ti ■ ■ ''"" "^'«"' '" ^'o » "'•' »f "'• f-«"~ne .J »i ««.v., ,„ c,;,„ : To; :::;:„' t;'-"-' ■"•'■» «~'»»i- had mor.' purticular reference f.. fl.» - "owever, in 1866, (which Ei-ii|)tjvi. Ilia Ni-N, Work for -] nKo|,r. .Sclwyii, iiiiil )iM a coiiM^iuciuc th«> Sutton .Mountain iiiititliiu', t'onnfily rexunUd us of Sill,.iy a«»', \n now osUIjUsIumI us Mow (Im- lowest fossil- ifemUH sfldiiinMits. More n-cf nt in\i'nti) crystHllinc scliisi,, Ii«vn hIiowh that the black -liit«'s and |',|,'I',';,"'|''"'; ' hituniinnus linii'Mton<-s of Farnliaiii, instead of lonstitutiny n |H.ssiMy -Int.- ami lower iM.rtion of the fossilitVr..uH (^ucIh'c Kroup, are in reality a newer '"'""*"""••■ Beries ; and pix-suniably. from the containwi fossils and front their stratiyrapliical relations to the underlying nnks, the e(|uivalent of tlio lower part of the Trenton formation. In the Htratigraplii. al se.|uenw( aHMumed in the (ioolo^y of Canada, lMti;{,* these Mack linie-stones Hn■ vis graptoliti.' series ami then by th.' red and green .slates and sandHtones of the Sillery formation. This must now bo reversed. The true se(|uenue is in a.scending order the Sillery, L.'vis, (including the Calciferous of Phillipsinir-), the Cha/.y of Stanbridge and the black nlates and liineHtones of larnham, Abljottsford and St. 1'r.H.nt vi.« Domihi.iue, which, at the latter |.laerficial deposits. /'. Devonian of Meniphremagog [.^ike. j E. Silurian of the St. Jlelen's Island, .Montreal, Dnver Helderberg. ^ ^' " " Wt. I.awrence Valley, presumably Medina. />. Cambro-Silurian : Lorraine (Hudson River formation). Utica, " Trenton and Black River, " Chazy-Trenton east of the Sutton Moun- s...ni,.nc.. of tains axi.s, Farnliam, Ac, rimitioiiii. Chazy, " Calciferous, " Potsdam sandstone of the Ottawa and St. Lawrence basin. C. Cambrian : Sillery red and green slates, sandstones and grits. " Black and gray slates, east and west of the Sutton Mountain anticline. It « « X II (I • Cfeologrj- of Ctinada, 18«i3, p. 240. 8 ., il! Devonian of the Eftxtcrn To\vnHlii|)s. QUEDEO. Lau..e„t.a„ ,i„e«to„e and g„ei«s west /^^^^^^ '-rystullme and lifneous ror-t., v i "• aneous rocks, \ olcanic and Plutonic. nEVONIAN. Areas of Devonian rocks occur nt . . , >" the area east of the Sutton Mo' I" ll'"' "P''"*'"^ P^-^s northward. The presence of li„' tedtu "i " 'T "^"^ '^'^ ^•'^*-«-" at St. Oeor«e, Beauce County Zt J '''' '""'"^'' '"-^ «-- mentioned in n,y r.port for f^g ' Whn'"' t"'" ""•^^'-^'^•^^' -- Tx>wer Helderburg) occur at a nun.bl J ^ 'l' ""''^ "^^ '"""- 'J"- and the lT„ited States bou.ua I f ^^'^^ '-^--" the Chau- outcrops of strata holding typical f!^' / ''^""tl'-west, the only western shore of M...^^ ^r'^'^r'^ '''' ^"^ - ^'^ referredtointheGeologyof CWda 1 ;/T '"'" ''''^" »'"<^«y as to distribution or fossils. ' ^''' •^"''■^"^ '^''^ th^^e given rpi presence o^L^L*.sTrat"than^.■'''"^''''''!!"^°^ ^"''^' '■^''"wed the Helderberg forn.ation;! Zes t^ "^''"^ -'8-^1 to the Lower developn,ent on both Lores o t, T ." 1' '"^« '^ considerable »r''- '^'^^ ''^ Sargent's Bay, wllS.ta I :7;, f ^' '''"* «'^*'*'* °^ -''^er. Sargent's Bay. tant ten miles froa, the outlet at mZ '"''';;''^*'°" °" *he west side, dis- rian is overlain by a ser ' o ' '^ ^^.^?"'^»«' *''« fo-iliferous Silu- - flaggy slates and shales. These 1 '1"'^ ^^"'' '""'"''^* '^^'^""tic mile west of the wharf at Know to f T ''''™'" l^-'ook about one ation by Dr. Ami, in ISOrZw^d U ^"'" "'' " ^^^^'"' ---"" among which were recognised it T f ." °' ^^^°"'-' ^--'« at a Ingh angle and certain bands holi ?\ *=«"*'»">"*? rocks dip induced in the slates by the a ttn of 7' 1 1' '"" P^'''^«'^' -"^'^"^ the neighbouring Hog' BacrMoltair ^'^ """'^^'^"^ ^^^^ ^-™ «- extend up a gully ^^ i::^:^"^ tmn many well preserved corals often f I '' ^""e^tones con- o Canada. IS^T- .i 25l' n^"!^,^-- -•• HI.. ,. „. (N.^)Ts87:8«-iirKT;;;^- i'ossilM. Mountain House un^a ••J DEVONIAN- AXI) SILLRIAX. ^'er Potsd/im of 9 .1 tions were made. Earlier collections from this locality had beei, examined by Hillings, who pronounce.] them to be Devonian in cha- racter, and Pr..f. Dana, in the last, (fourth) edition of his Manual of Geology, describes these rocks as of Devonian age, quoting the authorit v of BiUmgs and giving a list of fossils from the locality, which included .Synngopora Ilisinyn-i, B., Favosi,,. hamltka, Goldf., Diphynh,,U,nn y , strannu.um, B., and ^ap/u-^ufis ;,l;,anfea, Le Sueur. These are pre- .sumably ofCorniferous age. He also mentions, on the authority of Hitchcock, Atrypa reficu/aris, which, however, may have been derived from the upper Silurian formation in the vicini.y. The presence of these Devonian outliers is of special interest, as enabling us to fix approximately at lea.st, the date of son,e of the eruptive masses of this area Thus, at the Owl's Head, the plumbaginous limestone on the beach,.is beneath the black slates of the Cambro-Silurian series which are presumably the lower Tivnton, owi- to an overturn 'of the ..vnun...,, measures, while the intrusive dykes which ....etrate the Cambro-.Silur- ^" ''^' lan and Silurian slates and limestones, show that the intrusions and crumplings were subsequent in, late to the Cauda-galli Hags of Sargent's Bay and the Corniferous limestones at Owl's Head. " No well defined break between the upper Silurian (Lower Helder- si„.i,.„,,v t berg) and the overlying Devonian has been found, the conditions of de- i''" <■'"'. -^- position, presumably being sin.ilar to tho.se in the Beauce district or ""'""""• m the similar beds of the Ga.spc peninsula, de.scribed under the head ot the Oa^pe Limestone series in the Geology of Canada, as well as in subsequent reports.* In all these localities there appears to be a ming- mg of forms of upper Silurian and lower Devonian horixons, insomuch that It h.s been found very difficult, and in some cases impossible to define the exact line of separation between the two systems SiMRIAX. The areas Of Silurian rocks fouml in this portion of the province are of limited extent. In addition to the basin in which the lower paitofLake Memphremagog is situated and which is probably the largest development of Silurian strata in south-we.tern Quebecs out- crops of v^ry limited extent are found on St. Helen's Island, Montreal, while in the flat country to the east of the St. Lawrence, and to the south-west of Becancour River, Silurian rocks of an older horizon occur pp. a-'lir.Mf "^ ^'"'*''*' ''^'' '•"• •'"*'•■»-'*• K'-"^''' »'~K., (Je.1. S„,v. Can., 1S«0-«,.K2. w 10 J yUEItEC. f^ilmian of tin S(. Lan-rence niver Area. I!i •"^t. Kiiiiici.-. Hivir. (llllH «ui(istoii<>s. Lower Hclflei Ix'rK of St. HcIeiiH Island. forxn sev....al a.ea.s al.C the' /, ' T" ""''^*""^ '^•»' «'"''- -'-h "^- -'nch are i„,..; f "!;"*'' «'"'': °^ ^'^ '-er,* the exact outlines crops, however, have S o ' " ^'''^ °' *'" P''°^'"-- ^"t- these reddLsh rock.s a «'" , "T """ P"""''"'^ "'"'-•'-« '^y by thedecayoftl^^Lor rrr " !^ "'"'■'"^ '''^'^ -'' ^--^ approxi„,ately traced ' ^'""^'" *'""' ""^""-^ ^» ^^ -t least -- rM::^:;^^;;:r ::t t '•^---'^-'' ^-^-^ ^^e pa. Hiver and the country on ei;h ^ T'' "'"''' *''^ ^^^ ^'--'-^ breadth of the reddi foutlie w T T '""""' ''" ^'"'^ ^''•-'" ^''e i- western ed,ei.tw „::;:;: r:: '•'°". ^""-"^^-' -^ •vith the St. Lawrence Two T T ^ J""'*'™ "* *be stream -dstoneswereoi: :edL ,:rr'''"r''^"^*^"^*'^^'^'^'^--^ teen. Aug„,entation of Wend ter w th 'T' V^'^"' "" ^" '"' ^'-■ «"ule, the nearest un.le,W h' '■"'^*'' °" *'"' ^^''^'"" "* ''alf .rayi.sh sand, shales of ttt^:f,:f,r;7" '^'".V"^ ''''''-^- •second is about three miles tuZ (^^••^'"e) formation. The "ve- for several n.i es ^ , It : 1:7'^"' '' ^P-" «^'o".' the The red beds do not ap^ea on H v T"'^'' ^"■"" "^^'^'^ ♦'''^• nearest rocks there vS'beW L^""'f-'^ ''''^'^ *« ^he .outh, the acteristic fossils, near SHu!^ the gray Lorraine shales, with char- , .St. Hugues, about ten miles below St. Hyacinthe The age of these beds is supposed to b. Ar .• x^ ever, have been found in them f^t , w ! "'" ^^ " ^'''''^'' ''«^- unconformably superior 7 /• *''«"■ determination rests upon their the fact tiwJ^ieeroftL'r" T. ''" ""'^°" '''"''• "^'^ ^^^ to breccia whichLrl:'st.H'ei:rS:V'"^ '"""^' ^" ''' '^^'^'^ fo-ssils there found are menrn j Tl ^ *" ^»"^''-'--t- de...ribed as " principallv T . '"'''' "^ ''^*' *'*''^"d ^re --e ca^s holdL. Trenton Ts rTu' °' '^^' ^^^>' "--^--. - -- »»irenton fossils^ y^^j^ shale resembling that of •GeoIoKy of Canada, 1863, |,,k 205.20'ish soil formed es to be at least Juring the past he 8t. J'raiieis his stream the our niiies, and • of the stream Stic shales and 'ne on lot thir- streani of lialf le fossiiiferous •mation. The 3sed alonj,' the ij? nearly Hat. he soutli, the Bs, with ehar- t. Hyaeinthe. > fossils, how- its upon their beds and to he doloniitic the Itica tonnation; and of red sandstone and red shale sin.ilar to those of the Medina. With these fragn.ents are associated oth.-rs of Igneous rocks. Ail of these varying in sixe from a .juarter of an inch n , , t^ hve and si.v inches in ,han,eter, are inclosed in a paste of li«ht .r.^v tlMTinu.r'' dolomite, which weathers to a reddish yellow. * * * VI -out two thirds of the distance down the east side of the island, there occur two masses of dark gray fossiiiferous limestone, weathering to a light gray ■ winch are not magnesian. These are included m a length of about forty yards an.l are limited on the east side by the water of the river ; they have a breadth of scarcely more than ten feet, and appear to run under the dolomitic conglomerate on the west side."* A re-examination was made of the peculiar rocks of this locality during the past season (1895). The suppose.l conglomerate ^vasfouncl to be rather of the nature of a volcanic breccia, .lolomitic. weather- ^•„,...,. uig a rusty-brown, but grayish on fresh fracture, an.l intimately '"'■^■^i'- associated with the Utica shales, which show on the south-west end ot the island below high-water mark. They are, further, inter- sected by numerous ,lykes of grayish trappean rock which are evulently spurs from the mass of Mount Royal. Tlie Ttica shale at this place has Ijeen greatly altered, the bituminous beds alon.^ the contact being sometimes hardened or baked, or occasionally rendered thin and splintery with destruction of the bituminous matter, the . nek becoming gray in colour, while the contained fossils are frequently completely pyriti.ed. The .Silurian fossils are all obtained from the ... ,, sinall puches of limestone found with the breccia at the north-east 'n-'m^r end of the island. Several collections have been made from these in recent years, in addition to those obtained by killings n.any years Among these later collections may be mentioned that of Prof .i. r. Donald, of Montreal, in 1880, who published a listf of fossils from the limestone, comprising sixteen genera and thirty-six species peculiar to the Lower Helderberg formation, but including two .species which pa.ss upward into the Oriskany formation of the Devonian. This list ha.s .since been very considerably extended by Dr. W. E. Decks, E. A. s, HHeas ot -Montreal, who made a very comprehensive collection from the lime- '^''""' '""«"«• 8tonesofthei.skndinI890, the re.sults of which were published in the Canadian Record of Science, in that year, I in which the number of genera is increased to twenty-four and of species to forty-four. Dr. Deeks remarks : "Of these, thirty-three are common to Xew York *(i'-- Ami, will be found ntin' T "'" ''"''' P'-'^P-"' l^^ >in-tones, being that of t,: ^;;^';:;ty^^, '^l'^, ''.--on of t,Je PO'-tion of the Oriskany paral leK tr " •'^''""a" or the lower ^^!"eof ^^^<-pln-en.agogU:t,.;^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^l.e west s>nular transition ha« been recognij'j ' "^ " «0D,ewhat tolites have been determird ^T aI;^;'^' ''V ''''''' °^ ^^P" an.l a trilobite, Tnnrthrus Ji.rki "' "' ''" ^'''/.c«r«. =r:natefrs:ri;n^ "entary conglon.erates. th v La/ t "'' 'r'""'' ""^ ""^ -'''- division of sedimentary roclcT '"""''' *'•■""' ^he Silurian Eastern „r Afe,.p,,r..,nacjog Lake Area. ■ . ^^1"'^ °f ^''« '"^""-on Mountain anticline tl>. SM • finedtothesl.oresof MemphrenutaoT 1 "™" ™^^^'"^''« ""^on- «.nall outlying area extendi To hfo h T^' ''""^'^'' *°' '^"^ ^o a gent's Bay. The formatio is l! "°'"'""^* '^"'^ '^""^h of Sar- thicknessof,i.nestonr:„::;;Jtl?^''^'-^^'--^ ^^ '^ considerable a- highly dolomitic, a'nd arel J^'^-' ^^:".''^ -*'>- P"^tions In several places thev . • '"" ^'™^'^^' ''^'''■ brachiapods /nri^^ T'tV:" ^T-'r ^^ "^ ^^P-n^ southern hrnit yet recognised is ^ the" ! ."' *'" ''^'^^' ^'^ "-' «-t outcrop being se '. abou e. t Xe '^' ^""^'^ ''«"^^' *'- at that place. Thence they o cunv thf . ^"^"" ^''' "^ *''^ ^^arf to the outlet at Magog villLI Z ' T '"'' '^"'^ «^ ^^e lake « g >lJa«e ano. crossn.g the Magog River, extend wmw HILl'RIAJf. Ties." Severn! of i Lower Helder- ' GHspe limestone land by a narrow *, and in the ex- •snmll outcrop of from one to ten leing inclosed in one with which '■1, prej)ared by |>rizon of these an or the lower Is on the west ^re a .somewhat Helen's Island ipceies of j^rap- fin Endoceran md, have been tnd on the ad- to be volcanic and not sedi- the Silurian l;{ J O'ksare con- i to, and to a south of Sar- considerable ;her portions ayish slates. comprising e, the most 's house, the F the wharf of the lake ver, extend to the north into the Hat country alonj; the valley of the Cherry River for several miles, occasional outcrops being visible in this direction \t the viUaoe of Oeorgeville, they hav a breatlth inland of about one mile, and are ternsinated in this direction by a small brook and a depre.s- si..n, on the south side of which the rocks are black and gray Cambro- Silurian graptolitic slates. On the west .side of che lake, the Silurian rocks occupy the entire s„r.e.Us ,w shore from the outlet to the extremity of (Jibraltar Point, which marks ^'■"' ^ '^"'i^v. ' the entrance, on the north side, to Sargent's Hay, and thev are here separated from the series of black and gray Cambro-Silurian slates by the sn.all depression known as Austin Cove. On the south side of Sar- gent's Bay they again come into view, in contact with these slates, about 4U0 yards south of the wharf at Knowlton Landing; the contact being .seen in a small cove at this place, and the Silurian rocks vshich are here highly fossiliferous and dolomitic are in a nearly vertical position. The br.>adtli here is a little more than a mile, and tlie'rocks can be easily traced almost to the forks of the road turning o«' across the head of the bay, where they are again in contact with the blackish gray, pebbly slates and diorites presently to be described. The Silurian rocks along the shore of the upper portion of Sarg.nfs May, are in part .An. nn.th .f overlain by the Devonian beds already described, but the calcareous beds ■^'"*'''"''« ''^'-V- are well seen about East Jiolton post-office, on the west, and at Peasley's Corners on the ea ^t, whence they extend in a narrow banrl to the north- east, through Millington, cro,ssing the road which runs south from Or- ford Pond to the lake, at about lots ten to thirteen, range thirteen ^lagog, and terminating in the wooded country to the north-east a short distance beyond the road. The exposures of these rocks south' of Knowlton Lantling, are confined to a narrow wedge shaped band They are seen along the road running south towards Owl's Head .Mountain, ms far as Perkins Vale where they are in contact with the black ami gray slate series, and they extend for about a mila further v„., „„„„ ,, south m the depression to the west of the road oa.st Owl's Head «'"fe">'f^ ^^■ Mountain, being there apparently cut ott' by the dole'ritic rock of that mountain. They are also exposed on the several roads leadin- across to Mansonville, with a breadth of from a half to three-fourths of^a mile As a rule these Silurian beds have a nearly vertical dip and present the same character of limestone and dolomitic slates throughout. South of the Owl's Head Mountain wharf, on Round Island, the r,„„, i,,,„„ same dolomitic slates, ,n places changed almost to a talcose mica-schist contain characteristic fossils of Silurian age. They are cut by dykes of green crystalline diorite or dolerite of precisely similar character to the rock of the Owl's Head Mountain. In the" long island off the 14 J QLEKEr. ^«l>t. Otilly g Cove. 'Slack and The rocks at Cant (;„iiv'« n site the Owl.* wJt ' i "^ '''^' "" *''« east sicJe of fJ,„ i i I.O I 7« ''' "''''• «''""t'"n corals «,,«i ® '^'^'^ «PP"- '-'« of Kound Isla,ul. They are a I , Tk" ,'" *''"^« ^«""^J '"the -e, not only of the greenish cr;:t hid f f^'" "^ considerable taJcoserock, which has now a si '" ''"* °^ '^ «'ft, -reen ;f Round rslan here r-n.arked of fi Bp^imens onb^ they nn.ht e.^^Z^:^: ''''''' '^'^' ^-" '-d r ' '* " ''^ ''^'^•'- '"timate and unZ ? . *'"'I""^'""b--iHn schists terous Sil„ri«„ ,,,j, ,^, " "".loubted association with the fossi upon their a,e. ""' ''"' °-' '« «"'»bled to pronounce definS,y r';::,X„f /"^^'''*'«"t'^ the areas of 8ilu,,ian " . , i-.-.hi..,.,,..of black graphitic limestones .^rb,iT 'T''^^'' '^^ great belt -Pecmlly well developed along th If etr^ slates, which is Lake, .nore particularly to the 'rt "^ "'? "'^ "' ^'^^'P'-'-'-go. fonnerly regarded as of upper Sil" " ,'""' '^'^""^ ^'•^«'' ^ay ..al ^-ther east, and extending'tl .n 1 rtl"" ^'7"'"^^'^' ^^ ^''-o^ ;ve.e al.o ..signed to the sLe 'ft n"? T^l'" ''" ^^-^"^'-e Ri^•e; the position of these rocks 7n * """*'<'»* The reasons for chan i! -ated in .ny .p.,, Jts 'caSf ^^•■^'^' '^^ '^'-^t n ^o-d not only in the limestones b: in ; ;':7 ^7^ -- il f J The snndl area of limestone at v^ " ^'^^ '^^"^ -"-• faulted in between ^latlof r ^^^""""^ ^"'"^ -'"eh is apoare H -k is highly erystatine ;s: :;:r^ ^^^oubtfu, hoZr "x ^ —stones, and the only foss iy ^^ f^ ^^— ^ the pre-Can^b.^: ^rom the limestones of' the Silunlnr';" ■"''''''' '^^""«- ^t diffe " -ci also in the fact that the rock doesUr ^"T '"^'^ '" ^»'--ter so common in the SiluHan beds It t *''*' P^''««»<=« of corals -y. for the present at leas, in ^rir"'^'''^ «^ ^'^ date, a '^ e Klence, be placed in the Cambro-SiLi "" "' '""" ''-^'--e '7';r-'^^^'-^--'i-:o::'f:it::r^^' ^"^^^^'>- - ^" -:prr^:r:i;r7;;i- 'i^s^n^either side of Georgevillf "tW 7«"«" ^^'^e, for severa' :«eol„g,.ofcWd;r,;;;«;7^.,. :i^3^fi:^uently foru. cliffs t Annual RejK.,.t, (Jeol. Sur •. Can"" ,W , LiincstoiiF (if MilfTlHIIlH I'liint. (icoixcville linie.stoneN. Jioiites is also well "f the lake oppo- :'io.se found in the ■a of considerable oi a soft, jrreen, o the south-west wp rock is seen in on the shore of several hundred that from hand 'Hnibrian schists, with the fossili- ounce definitely the great, belt ilates, vviiich is ^Jeniphreinagog 'itch Bay, was . »nfl the rocks audiere Jliver, s for chan^nring 3 already been < were in fact 3 same series. is appai'ently lorizon. The pre-Caujbrian i. It differs in character, ice of corals, ier date, and - conclusive **ibly as an particularly for several form cliffs '.J camuko-siluriax. 15 ,1 o considerable h.Mght, and their broad, flaggy character is well seen The3- are occasionally thrown into abrupt folds, several of which are visible near the (Jeorgeville wharf, but further north, in the vicinity of Olivers Corner they are nearly vertical, and large slabs, suitable for pavements or Magging, can be easily removed. To the south of Georgev.lle, the limestone forms a bold bluff for a couple of miles to the bay north o Aran's wharf, arouml the shore of thich thev a^ also wel exposed. Near the head of this bay the strata are in places ti led w. h corals o ten of large si.e, and very good specimens may be obtained trom this locality. The slaty portions are frequently schisC y , and the corals are drawn out and greatly flattened by tl, pressu '"^^" hrough which this schistosity has been induce,!. Corals flattened in the same way are seen on the shore at Capt. Cullys and at Round Jt^l'"'"T "'■ ,*^%'^'/"''''^" '" *•- -•- i-^ that of a folded basin, Stn,..,,.. f esting on either side of the lake, upon fossiliferous Can.bro.Silurian o "'" """■■■"'• lower T.enton rocks. That the rocks of the whole serieshave been ub jected to great metan.orphic action since their deposition, is evident n ' only from the highly inclined and often folded character of the strata bo ot the upper Silurian and the underlying Can.bro-.Silurian ^ds.t tiata o both formations, not only along the lines of bedding but frequently ransve.-sely to the bedding or cleavage planes. This is further shown by the alteration of the Silurian fossilifelous beds from ' ordinary con.l.tions of calcareous slates an.l limestones, to that of taico e cr^stallnxelimestonesmtheother. Fossils were obtaine.l from a number K ■, of points in the Silurian, among which may be mentioned, ™ o" Landing, O.Js Head, Round Island, Capt. Gullys Cove, Allan I ay and the road one mile south of (Jeorgeville. at'the cro sing f the brook near the contact with the graphitic slates. The result of their exannnation will be found in the appendix to this report. CA.MBRO-SILURIA\. The complicated Structure o<= the Carabro-Silurian rocks of sonfl. he Pof st .7 "" 1 "^^ '^'*"" ''' '^PP'^'-^"*'^ represented, from shales^ Ihe physical characters of these where found in the eastern area, however do not in many cases resemble those which prevai ^ the characteristic strata of the several formations as Cop^d 16 J yt'EiiKr. r-;i KaiiltH Fossils ■■'I I H,.Ks.„„ Zk^\,!'-iTr\T\ ''"""^ '''''"' '''«*"'^*' -here th.ae fossils ciitf,.,- ^'*'* ™" "^ well studied. In ivL'iirfl tn. n,o ,. • i , fr...n ,„',:.;. in the fonnor als.,, it ,„ay he vJZkedofth. f ^"""''' ty >i(.al 1IIC11.S. ^1,;. • , -^ it-iimiKea ot the lower members that while m general aspect the.se resen.bl. the typical fossils of t^^ f r,r;;;:.::n:':;;:,;:::;;rr"rf" The elucidation of the strvetiirp ,,f tu;^ ^i jnthemuehdisputed,ue.i:::::^::; ;i^r:;r^i^^; Quebec, as well as of tho,se found „„ the' Island f ( ." a tatd .t .ni^.-^of tl. fossihf.^^^ ^. described b. Sir Wm. ^ "' ^^r^r^r f^ldH vlnch has been traced f.on, the Vermont boundary'at he foot^J Lake Champla.n to the city of .^.ebec, and thenc do vn the S Lawrence R.ver along the north sido of (Jaspo Peninsula. . In order that the somewhat complicated structure which prevails in this region may be more clearly understoo.l, it will be neceLry fir" "In ;r ' ";i r '"■"'"" ""' ^tratigraplucal relations of what ;« e ga d a^among the lowest rocks of the system, vi., those above the horlll of the Po sdam sandstone and known as the Phillipsburg series iTZl .le,scnbed as a portion of the Quebec group ; more espe'c^Cin e t i^ now very generally admitted by all who have carefully sUidied t, series b,th along the A'ermont boundary and about Quebec ciy Ind Point Levis that certain portions at the two extremities of the section can be readily correlated. Very considerable attention has te years been paid to these rocks by geologists and paheontologi.sts in tie United States, among wh(.m Mv C D \r,.i */u . ""'fe'"'''^ >n tiie par. and their studies of the ^^^^'.^^ ^ll^.^ ^ ^^ of the fossils obtained therefrom, have been extensive. Large clc tions_have also been made by Mr^Vhiteaves, D^eeks Ind myself t(iet.logy of Canada, 1863, p. 234 ' ' ' •^•'' '"^^ "■• ^'^^7-m pp. 48k-84k. Tin. I'hillii ••] «'amiii(o-sili;h/an. 17 J «I)|>. 48K-84K. « s", ,?',"T 'TZ '": "'" ■"'''"iP"'""!-' ™'l «• An,„u„l .,,.,i„„ ,„„| ir;:;:::;;:;n:;;^'i:t^:-;::;:r - "'-""-' I Ire rocks of tl.is s...,i,.n havo Loen vn-y fully clos..ril,..d l.y Sir W,„ m .nuHl that ,hn v.-ws „s t., tl... sf ntti«n.,.lncal s..,ue,u.o of th. various . .v..ons ot tl... <,uobee «rou,. .ere entir..ly .lifFerent f. t so d fire now generally received. ■"•wnicJi Tl.„s, the series of l.Iack linu-stones and slates, in places ..ontainin,, K i -.,s hut .n others ,.,,.,.ently regarded at that Un.e'vs "Cl" ----"^ w.ch appear at sev..ral point. (notal.ly at Farnhan., M.-I " Da nvdle, etc.,) were, from certain peculiarities of struct re re-- l"i as for the n.ost part of Potsdam a,e and held to underl ti: fo mhterous ^uehec .roup, which was then supposed to co L . Z Lev. and Sdle.y divisions only. The Sillery.'lreove. w ^^ :,, as probably newer than the Levis_a point in st uc u e'^C has s.„ce l>een corrected ; as it is now condusivelv establiXd U^ the Nllery red, «reea and black slates and grits are older or t ti «raph.c.lly beneath the L.vis .lates, limestones and congi:..:C;: Iho barnha.n limestone series is now l)elieved from th^ o. • i the contained .^sils. as well as on stratigrapl •:a; ^^iL^r 'r : -^Ir. th homon o the lower Trenton forn,atio„, so that in order to d ar understand the structure of this interesting group one must p..telyre.e,.sethestratigrapldcHlse,p.encea;foLe.^; .:l^ upward fron. Sdlery (upper Potsdam), I.=vis and lowe: P li i ' b ^ (Calcferous), upper Phillipsburg, Bedford and Mvstic (C y 3 Jarnham black slates a.Hl limestones (h.wer Trenton) \t IT Quebec, all these formations do not anLr [,7 T ' *""'' St,ati^ra„l,i. I , . , '""""'' "" "Ot appear, at least not n such nerfpnf '^"' ""I'lencc. development as in the southern part of the province the p. . 'P^'^""' being apparently, or for the most part at leLt Tan^n ^ '^''"^'' beds of the upper L.vis formation'ma/ be li ^rto ^I^V "" which appears probable. The lack of uniform : of deveo ' Area We..t of th. St. Lawrence and Champlain Fault. The newest rocks of the Cambro-Silurian system fo„nr) ; .u- • (ieolcgy of Canada, 18(i3, ,,,,. 27.-,-2H(i, ami 844-801 tl. trcolosy of Canada, 18(13, p. 2.S!» 240 2. A,n,«al KH,„.rt, (i„.l. Surv. Can., 1887-88. vol. ,„. (N..S.), ,,. H2k. 18 J Wl'EUEC. I'ticii Iioi'i'iiiiii'. '^'liariU'tciM I if thf I<4f r t.... nvo.. on hot), .sides ., Lt , , r,:.^:7T,''^'\:'''^''' •-^•'"- '''-« well chHrHcte,i.e.l by fossils w|. , '" '*"'"• ^''^^ ""^ ->■ "' "'" '««l« of ,kty |,„„,,tone, between the C«„„diai, F,u.iti„ l'«l«nd U,e ,™d..,ndee, «„pt„,ite, we„ tZZ tTlltt':'"!''; "■«' wH.b iwed t,,.. „:■::; :w*'Ct:r,t:™;rit "'■ ^ .11 lushly cleave, .„„ though ^^MyZ'L^:. 1 , ^'' "" ""'""' :ii' r r. j:;ertrvr:\"= - "- "^ I •20 .1 'IVKHKC. Fos^iU I :^ un H,n nm.s«, .,y wluch , Ley have .^en greatly nltere.1. the sluty Un^..u,.. b....o,.nn;, very l.,.,.l ,„..l .-h.-rty at the ..ontac. Near tl.o bane of tl... m.untH..>. c.rtai,, l.-ds ,.f this li,n..,sto.M. series hav. a oon- .o,..nt. . .aract... ith p..,..,.. ..f .i.neHto..e i„ n .laty eah.an...us paste. lh..y a.e throw,. „.to a s.^ies of folds, an. 1 are all hi,,|.,v H IT; ",r '^r"--""^^>' "•^-•'' -'--^ then,... to the Va'.aska H.v, r. I),al,„se dyk.-s are ol.servod, sometimes nearly '..laek in colour and generally hne grained ; and these usually oceur along the heddin. planet., hut sometnnes cut directly aeross the strata. The country between St. Hyacinthe and the Hiehelieu liive- ,„ IJel.ed .s Hat and no rocks are e.x,K.se.l till the rook of the mountain 8 reached M sevx-ral places along its ha.se, ledges of sandy shales and I nestoncs of Lorraine anpevt are s en, a.ui at the village of .St Jean Bapt.ste, on the iiiver des Hurons. sandy ar.d calcareous l^ed^ contatn a great abundance of fossils. The locality was noted in the Geology of Canada (186;J), p. ,.0!), but large coll< ctions of fos.sils have since been n.ade from this place, which present the usual f.ud.son K.ver or Lorra.n., aspect. (.See appendix). .Vbout St. Johns citv, ■ " ■' """• 7 '•°^'''-;F— -e Been, l.ut on the south-west Hank of Mt. Joh;.! ston or .Monnoir, about .six nn'les north-east, blacki.sh-grav limestone and slates were obse^^ .d along the road in contact with tl.; granite of the mountain mass, in which a layer containing fossils of Hudson River age occurs. These rocks are all highly altered along the contact. About Lhambly I as.n also, the Lorraine shales and sandstones are well expased The.se have yielde.l fossils, a good collection havi... been made from this locality in 1890 by Dr. Deeks, my a.ssistant in tnat year. The Utica formation appears occasionally in the district east of the St. Lawrence, as well as about the Island of Montreal. (5,x,d expo sures are found at Point St. Charles,- near the northern extremity of the ^ ictoria Bridge, and vicinity, as well as .t St. Helen's Island alrealace has been examined by Dr. Ami, and indicates the occurrence of .a ou. .rop of t ins formation in the vicinity, f ' V ;c«Iofry of Cf ■ ,n, ]«(!3, p. 20" — f Jan. Rec. of ,•■' v-iice, Oct., 18!)2 1) •>1 — Tl„. TT»;„„T ■ ,-, <■■. i".'-, |>..i. 1 he (Jticft Terrain 111 Can!ula(H. .M. Ami). Cliall.lily liaciii. Utica Hlialo near Montreal Joliette. CAMUHtt-wK IRIAX. M .r y iiltPiiHl, the siaty (••intiiot. Near the <• series Imve n con II ft ulaty fiilc'iircoiis unci «re ull highly xl for nearly tw.. ic to the Vaniaska rly liliuk in cur 'ilong tliu bedding Hitlu'lii'u Mivei ^rt k of the mountain PS of sandy slialfs I the village of St. id calcareous l)eds ity was noted in lie ctions of fossils the usual Hudson It St. Johns city, ank of Alt. John- sh-gray limestone ■itli the granite of of Hud.son River ong the confact. d sandstones are collection having i, my assistant in strict east of the eal. (i(X)d expo- arn extremity of • Helen's Island, f tiie formatioii i- ':j;ueuil, anu > south-east, this d sand. At the 16 St. Lawrence, nail collection of in 1852, at this he occurrence of matin (H. M. Ami). To the .south an.l east of .Montreal the I lica apj.ears h«i rarely I Mack .shales with cliftra«-teristic fo.s 1. .show in tl... I...! of the Little Montreal Hiver at LA.-adie. went of St. Johns, and. further .south. ,,■ x...„,,, they are well e.x,,os..d in the Lu-olle Itiver. half a mile east of Ucolle village. . m the east si.le of the Hichel.eu. west of Cla.en.e. r ...,„. VI le on the .t.ad from r.,.olle, l.la.k graphitie shales are ex.H.sed w „oh -ont.iin gra,.toli(..s an.l other fos.ils of a lower hoii.on /'use aie prol.al.ly the ..juivalents ot the t^ueheo dtv rocks, overlain h the tti.a on either side. The typical Utica Occurs again at Clarenoeville .uul for son.,, .listaiue east towards Mi.ssis.p.oi JJav. The cia,- ,„.,.i,|., eastern area of the M-mphremagog l.asin has vet shown no 'unk^ of I tua age, the graptolitic shales there fouiul helonging to a lower hori/on, presumably the lower Trenton. The valley of the St. Lawren.e, from Lake St. Louis almo.st to Que- .s, i .«.r..„c.. I'-T city, and tor some mih-s on either sid<. of the river, is .Kvupie,! bv «''^'' '"■••'»• strata of the I'tica ami Lorraine formations, between which, the line of .separation at most ,.oint.s, is ditHcult to a.scertain, owing to the ;;reat mantleof clay so widely distributed throughout this ar.'a This rejrion was one of the first studied by the Geological Survey. The strata expo.sed are nearly horizontal, disturbances being few and due to intrusive masses of doleriti.- matter. The rocks where e.xposed abouml in fossils, and their true horizons can therefo.e be readily determined. The dolo.itic rocks which intersect these strata, form mountain masses, sometimes of large extent, which pre.sent conspicuous featui-e in the otherwise monotonously level Jand-cape. '' The.se rocks both the fos.siliferous sediments and the intrusive ma.sses, ...tn.ivc have been well .lescribed in the earlier rep..,rts of the Survey * In the "fi'-. hrst of these, viz., that for 1847, the characters of the roc-ks visible on the me of section between Montreal and Lake Memphremagoir are so clearly stated that but little remains to be said on that subject: Vs, however, the relati.ms of certain groups, more particularly the .st I.aw„.,K... crystalhne schists and the red and green slates and sandstones o'f the -/•' f": upper Cambrian (Sillery) were not at that time clearly understood, "' """■ these wil call for some remarks on a subsequent page. The general horizontahty of th. measures, except where this is disturbed by the presence of the intrusive masse, or dykes, is maintained almost to the v.cini y oi the great St. Law . vnce and Champlain fault, which, as already descnbed ,n a ormer report, e.xtends from the city of Quebec to the foot o^M ^isquoi Lay. T heJ.iul^brings ^edsjof the Trenton formation 22 J QUEUKC. Dixtiirbanccs of strata. Trenton for- inati(]ii. St. Francis nivfr, |)|.„„ iiionrtrillt.. J" OSS i is. ••etween exposed point, .i,,::*:--^^^^ Tlusg..eat fault ...-ks one of ^.r"'^^ '^ '''^^^'^ -"i-*"-'- ^he .listnct uncle., discu.ssion 1 1:^'"' r'"^"''''^' ^-*»- ^^ -oned thereby is p.-esunubly 2 ^ TT'' '^ ^^'■^P'-ernent ocea- eavy faults, whicl. traverse t'.e..^ 7 *'^" *^^* eau.sed by other d-et.on, and which are seenaZ'V''"'''^-'''''' *^' «o"^h-west ^«^ only is thi.s entire area gllaff 7 k" "^'^'^ '^^-"Pl'-nngog. the rocks of the older or orystallintsch i '"" '''"■^^'>' "-'°'^«' sedunents of the district. Xarr " a ' !■"?' "'''' *''° '""«* recent -en, which contain fo,ssiIs bu " '" '' "'" Cun.bro-SiluHan are -List. ; while in so„,e pla as t^ ^^i;:::."*'^ -"terstratitied w.th the I" the earlier reports of the (Cl ^ 'l s" T "''*^^ ^'^^ribution. .ese rocks were included in the LWsil"'-"'^ "''""" f"'^^'"- ^^ the black graphitic Hmestone.s and as 7T ' ''"'^^ '^^'''P'''-' both ;r^-ndescribed,andw^-rbr:^-^^^^^^ ;;":rS;"tl^— --H^areaf^ ^^--nondville. They are he e se^L^r;"'" ''"^^" ^'^'^ ^•^"''^- «^- ""••■ook.ng rocks, presunjbly „f X ^^ '■■"'" r^"'"' '^''-^ «f ^im- sandstones. with red and green slat of Sill '""' '^ " ""''' "^ «••-»>«'• v;lle, the black slates and limestn .f « "'^ '"^""=*- ^* ^^'-n-ond- - those from the vicinity of Z.^:" ^'"'T'f'^^^^ the„,selves are n.uch broke! up I 1 •„ "^^"^''^ ''''''' «-' the rocks trappean material.J From this L v '^ ™^''''^ «^ ^ioritic or - 1863 by Mr. T. C. AvCton JS;; ^""7"- °^ ^-'s was naade appendix). Just below the rll d 1 .T '''■'"•'^^^' '^>' J^''' ^nu (see --f. 23 J black sates are said by Air. N. J. Giroux to extend for l.alf u n.ile io nL o"m ^' " *"^"' '"' '"•" """"'^'^"•^ "•-'• '^-^-^ -'' tones, often slaty and occasionally sandy, are interstratilied with brownish eacareous slates, and dip S. < 40 : and a few u.iles below, o near the hne l^tween the townships of Upton and (^ranthan, a ohff about forty-hve feet high, presents a ,ood section of thin grayi;h or brownish-gray crumbling shales, which dip S. l>.V E. < GO These contan. thick bands of grayish-brown sandstone, the whole' havi. ! the aspect of the Ut.ca formation as seen at Montmorenev Falls. The^: beds are ..newhat .listurbed, dipping generally at a high angle, both' F..„t« d.cationsot winch are apparent at .several point... They presumably To the north of this area, exposures of the fo.ssiliferous rock, are n n^seenon the.Hecaneour lliver, where, however, chey are n.„ ^ ; H^vi":' ' conhned to the Lorraine shales, and greenish-gray, sandy be.Js occupy tance of the road winch crosses between ranges s.-ven and ..i.d.t of .etrZ 7 r ,-'^^'^-«r"- '^'- '--• «xpo-es of the.se sha.: a e nearly fla but the d.p suddenly rises to an angle of GO" to 70 , owin. to harp fol ban., hold a,.;: of the Kingsey area are bou I ''?""'"" '^^"'^ ^'^ ''-ks ••ed slates and hanl g.-een ." "'"'' "* ■^''^•--' I-i"ts, by aspect, although owin^ohr™'" '^ "P^*^'' '^'^'-'^ (Cambrian^ at n.any places, the continuous CactTr^f Z" V'' ^^'"'''' '"•--'' P ac-es this i. doubtless of the na u" c^ be observ-.d. I„ ,o,ne tl.e structure is co.nplicated by 2^ " ""■'"P' "'"'^ ''^^ "^'-- ActoLva^Z^^^;:, I^'IJ":!; If""^' ^'""" ^'^'--^ and another basin -hich ^extends alonT tt T '""'" At liichn.ond, Danville, has been already el Sd" ! '"" "' ''^ «-"^ Trunk to crosses the St. Francis into Mel ou '1 1 /l' "''"* "' ''''■' ^bis '•apidly narrowing valley e^te^ '^ thence continues south in a BromptonLakep^stthe'liL : ;i"P T """" ^^''"•'"' ««- fro.n celebrated New Hockland slatf, "'"tT' ""'i 1'"^" '"^^^ '^ ^- peculiar graphitic lin.estone and sh 1 ' 1 ^ ^ '" '' "^ '"^'"S^bury, the -cognised, can be traced i" tl ! ''' "'"' *'" '"•'"'^^'- --sily aongthe road to Melbourne KiZ hi'- 7'?''' ^■'^— -1 ""li the crystalline pre-Can.brian ch f f, . ! ""' ''"^■"^ '^ -Pa-tes :;;i:"S"l ^'-^^ «'^^^- and .uart.iteso t^^c^X;;;'-^ -';«-•'<>.■ blulsh. mon.lt.. section, after passing the .reen chl V . " *'"•" ^'"'"'^^ ''''""k -tent at least, schirtose dCul dT- ? '" ^^"^'' "''' ^« -"« o"s band fron, the Vern.ontr.r. *°'''" "" '^'»'««t continu- -bist series of the cen a rt^"f ""^ " ' "'""« *'- "ank of the n^ica- often woody fibred slat, ^ : ^ ^7^ " ""' ""'' ^""'^' -">^-'- "% in their upper parts, beds A ., '" ?""^"'^'' ^'^^ «"d contain: -ell exposed about 8out^. B^J^tiuT^'''" ^"'^*""' '^''-^' -- ;iu-ectly upon the green chlori ^^.^ ^l^^!^'"-' ^^'-e tbey rest bands occur in the lower part and , "^"^'o^ed. Several purple -Vr- - - P:'^^"d^''ese are well seen along the St in.iii.l to Acton ElLS.j "-' '^ S^eat ^o-ation. The po.siUo. of ; r" '" 'r'"^' *^ ''^^ '^-'"^«» •-tones, is apparently below tie I. ' ''''*"' '•'"^' ^''^^y ){„,«- a line of section from he a t" F 'T' *"'"^ ^''^*''^' ^"^' '^^ - ^^^^e --• «w-tsbur,, the structure of Zr"' T"^'--^ ^o Cowansville «"^ieet of dispute for son.e y:L'j:rZ r^.r:" '^^ ^^ *^« • eo;::,f;::;:'":;;i:;: :::';: ''^ ^--"^ ^'-' ^'-^ ^- ve^ ''■-atones. Beinin with t '?"' T'" •'■^■'"'^'"^' ^'^'^^ -d <'^ann,ebelowl,e rllt , e' r:;! l'^ ^"-^> '^^^^ ^"-ei.hth. SHH... slates are seen, dip X^^^^f ";.r'"'''^* ""'^'^'^-- filled with lar-e boulders tf.p ^' . " ^'''""^ *'"''' *''« "ver is observed. ThL slate '.LTl'^ /^ "'^^' -" - 'edges were in places n.ade up ahnost " i ,^^ ■ "' '""''" ''O'-nblendic diorite, '■-.in.inwidtl/fr : '■;: '"'^"•^'»'^'' ->-stal, the dyke^ '■ follow the lines of beddin l thev s r" ""''"■ '''"'^ ^''^^« "— "y Approaching the hi,hwv:i,Z bT"" "'' ^li'-tly across the.rf '>econ,e darker and more c fl VT? '' *'" *°^"'' ^l^^ ^^^^^ '--tone, which are rust^ on w t^' . ''^ "' ''""'^ "''^'^ ^ '^'-'^ ^'"•o.nitic. These band:!'!::: ^tiul'r ^1 ^^^ ^^^^'^"^'^ twisted and cleaved across the 1. , '"'' ''''''^'' ^^'^ "'"<^1' •'-Iges, traces of «,,,^ res . "'\ • '''^*"^^'^ *'- *- '-l-y 1-ndred yards ab^ve't^: tp;:;:;::' " ^"'^'" ''''' ''^'^ '^^^^^ l>'-k lin,eston.., an r^.M.Zs an s "^ ", 'T' "'^^■'^^'•'^^■■«-' with the In the extension of these ^droL'r ^'- "'" '""'''^ ^^'^''^ ^'^^-'-d. -.e found, all straight f t "he oT ^1' "' ''" "^'^'•' -"^-^P^^*''*- Pi-s which are out^.y dh^;^; ^ '^"^f-^ ^^ "^'^-d Haggy beds are also cleaved across th. 1 1 f ''• ^^^'^'^ «*" ^''^se '•»^^-n. In a thin ban w L ' "" "^' ^''^ ^"^■^''^-^ ''-•d to /'^'W..,. ,.,, crinoid ste. were "'"'""r ''" "™P^°"t'-l.te, c'eternnnable. Thence ^Z^nJT^' 7' """' "^''^''' ^-™-^ -^ and limestones we,, obser ed i H "^ " """' "^''^^ '''^^''^ «''-^t^« broken and altered, some of the beds "•"''''?■ ^'"'' '''-"^'""'"« S^^^'^^ly at the Marsouin liiver on th St L "' "' '"' ^'"'^ "'^« *''"- also seen in these. This is L. „ 11''""'' *'"'''■' '^'" S'''4^tolites being between the Trenton bed an tr'^',,"* '^l '""* ^'" ""^ "^ ^^'^ «'-anby area; the ac."^ co f ^ i "; •' ^'--^'''^^'^ford and --^^ Pieces Of the green and r^^llalrir^Z-f^^^^^^^ liU.] CAMHRO SILURIAN. il .1 one and a half mile ea fo I r T'' ' ^'"'^'^ ''^''>« ^■■^•'''''' '^'-"t occur in the ri ^ «: It , t^^ ,r""' ^'^^^■"; ^^^•' '^^ ^''-^ ^''^^es three, of West Fa.-nhan,, probal.lv n r t J . ^"^ ^■"'""' ''""«' «ille.y ridge, ..uth-west fro„r ^ ^t i 7" T"""'"' "' *'" not come qui.et,, the riihvw . ■'""^- ^'""'" '■'"^^'^■'^ ^'" on lot thi ty ran!! th"! r ■''" ""' '■""^' '^"' "" ^''^' ^'^^ --^^^ -n at cioionntic ^^ro::2:!;:::-^z^zz!T'rc''''''- ''-- are exposed on the road east fiv.n F ^ f "^ " Cowansville, and of hrome Mounfun aI '■"'''''"^' ^"^ '^"^ ^"^''"^'^^ "'"-^ which yield OS ;..J^LT?' PT*^ ^'^^^^ ^^-^-'^ 'i'-^one hands Mystic Hn,est:n::;::i:;r" "^'" *^ '^ ^"" ^^"-^^-^^ «* ^^^ western outcrops of wl ieh 7re! f {''"' "' ^'''''^■^ '•°'^'^'-''' *»'« '''"^■^■- 28 .7 VUKBEC. !■*. '•iudiiii. I'.ip'iieim fusxilH, Coiitiict (if Tn-ntoii and ami as the contained fossils are of lnw«r T.^ * w ;r:T't";:;r: r -t-- '"-"-net u« pace. K.,„. u,eiv::v«;: f:r:::t; .;: rf - -- v.;,»s.. „„„„.■;„ ::,. "it; ,: :'z,.rL.r '^■''^, '""- «11 ,., ,l,e bUok li,„e,to„„ of u,„t locality. ^ "''™ " . half ,.„t of .he p! I ; 1 'v:t f ' r ™"" •""" """ ■""« »"<■ ""■»-'. ""ie pitnriif ; -s' ; r- ™,^'"t :'"^ were seen in some of the hpric f. ^ Cnnoid stems abundance of Tre„ on nns buTl r '""^ ""*^^"''^' "' '''^''' Bands of lin.estone eonglomer^ tith n 7" "f .'°""' '"^ P'^^^' gray shale occur as a oar .7 H ^ ""' °^ ^""'^ °'' '''•'^^kish- gray'ish (dove rr^) ,f: :1*' VpTk'^ u T*^'" '^'"^^ P^^"^'- °^ pebbles and ti,: ^ont iL Ills b" ' " '°^'"' ^'^^"^ ' '^"*»' ^'- found in the eastern p tit f '"'pEt' ^^"^-^ *° ^^'''^* ^-'^ rocks are of Chazva^e Th. ? ""-psburg section where the Stanbridgeco X~e T I 7^'"'''' "'^^"''^^ ^""^^^'^^ ^^e Ii.«estones have" bu ned^^^^^^^ -™~ These quality is not const eed' ^ . ^'^**^"«^^«'3' ^^v lime, but the .4. Domini.pe J ;' ir ;" *^ ^-- the stone of are all h.gh v clej."d 1 T" '^"'^ "' *'" '"•'^- ''--*--- which able thickness f;:^:, /^ Wuir" "Tr'' *'^^^ ^'^ '^ ^«"■^^^- dolondtic, which ^tld r'y :^^Z;^^V^ ^''^^^I ^°'"^^^''" ^ very strongly those on the r,-..n^ T ? l^ "''^ ™'-'''" resemble J^anby. They do not U all if 'r^"'"" '"*"^^" ^"''^^"^ «"d LorraL in clL^ete" and a """'5 *'" '"'^'^ '' '""^ ^^^ica or reumins. ' "^ ""' "^ **" ^'^^ '^^ ^-"""-d, devoid of fossil CAMURO-MILURIAV. pect, the apparent lalfi'oiitology of the 'le road to L'Aii-je ickish-gray slates ;curring about the •dieii, these black ihree-fourths, the the .Sillery bein" village. This is s here concealed apparently from Ange Gardien as Abbottsfqrd, the out one mile and ;niall brook, the ick limestones on •ailway. At this th of a mile west 3 Papineau road. , or black, .slaty Crinoid stems itained a great 'ound in place. irk or blackish- ii-ge pebbles of lells ; both the ar to what are tion where the ! somewhat the lerous. These lime, but the the stone of estone.s, which * is a consider- ces somewhat ocks resemble 1 Durham and the Utica or svoid of fossil 29 Between L Ange Oardien and the Papineau range road, on the road from fan.han. to Abbottsford, black lin.estones show for several n.iles south of the latter place ; but approaching L'Ang. (Jardien. splintery grayish cl,y-slates, like those .,f St. Liboire, or. the Grand T.^unk railwav- eastot St. HyacrUhe, occur at seventl places. These are appar^ently ari upper por-tror. of the black limestone ser^ies, and probably the e.,ui va- lerit of those seer, at Farnham, in the lower part of the section on Che Yanraska Hive.-. They also .show along the .oad south of [;A..ge Gard.en, with peobles in places, a,.d resemble both the rocks east of <.ranby, a.,d those near Memphremagog Lake, presently to be described. •' West of Yamaska Mountain, at Abbottsfo.d, the sfata a.-e mostly v....,„.f,„.„ black calcareous slates an,l blackish li,..eston..s which weather in placet ' to a shade of b.-ow... They e.Ktend to the tla..k of the .nountain, where tl.e.r contact w.th the eruptive .-ocks has already been described Although well exposed for two n.iles o.- .nor-e west of the mountair,, ui the fields and on the several roads, a search for fossils in these beds was unsuccessful. They have generally adip to the south-east at angles of 20 to 40, but are highly cleaved. That they are the e.xten^ion of the be.Is seen at St. l>ie and St. Dominic.ue is apparvnt f,-om their position and general aspect; and probably a mor-e exhaustive sear^-h m beds unaffected by cleavage, if such can be found, would result in finding to.ssils similar to those obtained at those places. The section at St. Dominique, further north, has already been s^ r, • • described in the Geology of Canada.* The exposures here riL.uite ''•'^"""■""•"■ abruptly trom the gener-ally level country which extends thence to St. Hyacin the, and the lowest beds seen are grayish nodular lime- stones which are extensively quarried for building stone. The lime- stone beds have thin partings of black shale, and both cmtain fossils which show them to belong to the upper part of the Chazy forma- hon. Ascending the hill, which is about fifty feet high, these Cha.y beds gradually pass into the series of blackish limestones and alcareous slates, which we have just been describing, and which should therefore represent the Black River formation. Certain bands in these are high y fossiliferous, but, as a rule, all the beds of this series are affeced by cleavage planes and the fossils are difficult of extraction' Ihe beds at the lower quarry, dip S. 80' E. < 20' to 30' and at the quarry at the top of the hill, S. 70" E. < 20'. The colour of the li. , , stone at the top of the rise, is a dark lead-blue, and the be,:s ar ". quentl y cut by veins of ^t e. These strata contain fossils of lower ^^ ^,;Report of Progress, Geo.. Surv. Oa„., ^>^-^^l^^::;{:;,;:7^^~^ 30 .) ■Fmilt. QUKUKC. as mim >^, "Sr!;^^^^^^^^^^^^ !7-"7 «- H-estone becomes n.ore dip. at an an,Ie of 70 . ctlt S V T"' '" '" '"-^^■*'- «^ *he fe'ood specimens. These beds h ^^^ ''"'" "^'^ *« break out the St. Don,i„i,ue el.u h Ind co";"" '^^ '^''''^ '" ^'^^ '^'-t-" o J^o.sils were „ot found in hell °' *'" "'^^ °^ ^•'"^l^eo. t«nninates just before reach ,. T '7' f *^'« «-^-". -'"eh represents son.e portion of the T.^enton sJ;.!!? ' '"' ""^ ^^^^^'^^^ examined ; but on the roads to the ., ' "'' ^"^^'' '" ^ f"'' «■' weathering black slates like hoi T " •r^''^ ''■ ^'^' ^--'-^h- The,se are terminated about one n 1 ?^^"' ^''' ''''' ''' i^^^^-vals BWk River, 1,3- ridges of , Id "'k' '"'' '^'^'"^ reaching the fault between the Jo se. s eTlrjre't'T '''''' '"''''^^^' ^^ - the north side of Yamask;M : '^r :d'r """ "'""^ ™'^-^ the stream mentioned. North of •?, 'P'"« *° *''^ -est of crosses the road about^threemitsl,tL7;r."' '^P*""' *^'« ^-"'t J-t to the west of the knoll on JlXh 1 ' ^ ^'""^^ T^"«^' -i'-y, -tuated, whenceit^pparentl/ext ds J ? /u""" '^"^P^'' ™'»- - three miles above Drummondv^e 'here ,' '"'^ °' ^''-^ «*• ^--is, ^^^lle.y slates has already been desXd ""'^''' ^^'^'^ *'- -^ The section of these rocks sonfK * i.^ , one, and throws much light u^onsomein! ""?""' " ' ''"^ ""P«'-*«nt connection with the f^ssilitCs Qu b c t^ '""'^ ^' ^^'-^--n Cxeology of Canada, more n«rf; i , ^ °"P' ''** "Stated in the at Pi„lhpsbu,.„ and extending eastwn vl k /^^^''^ ''^'•«'^' beginning -uth toHighgate Springs. Swantn', Tl'n ^'' ^™-d' -^ historic. The structure i: ompWed bv f H ""' '" '°"»" b^" apparently of considerable extent d "^ , ' '°"' °' "'^'''h are turned. The opinions of vario tool " ' "" '""^ '^^^ -« -er- rocks have been already very fully „' T""''""^' '""^ ^«« ^^ "-se United States, in connection wth ^,5?" ^' '''"'^^ -"ters in the troversy, which presents solf^aturescr^r"""' '''' ^--- -n! pertain to the Quebec group .uest." Tc "r""'""^ ^'^^^ ^^ich of the subject will be found i^ the "A '' ^'^^^ bibliography 18S9, ina paper by Prof Jule^V "'"" '''•^'°^''^*'"f- February Taeoni. Sy.e„v aJwell ^^l^::^ ^^t^'^^t ^"' '^^ 'ohal,ly lower) series, and thev I "" ^'' ^'''^ Trenton therefore probably repr "1 L r! '"'' '^^ ''''•^'^'''-'J- T'-^ -uld cJ-cril.d as ..cc^.rrinVr S P rrT\T"''""'' "' ^''« ''«'« separated, by the great St. Lawrence an P. 'l"''"'''' "''"'' '^''^ Sillery rocks of A bbottsforcl, fromthe '.""!"" '"'' ^■'•"*" *'- Calciferous of I'hillipsbur. a loTd 7 ."^ "^tanbri.lge an' «^ C;an- Htntes- Pond is situat d ^ d acco r;? "i "' ^''^ ^'^"^^ '" -'-»> Wn,. Logan, this portion has'a tlk tj r^^^T^ °^" '^'^ ,|ust -luotedf the rocks of Division R ^" *^^ ''^'^tion In' !.: (Station. from Phillipsburg to St Anrmnrl 7.- '^^" "" **'« 'oad railway, near tht begL.t oT ,he «;"' T ''' '''"*™' ^^™-' Rock River, and fiftee^n c h . w^t Tt^ 'T"' '"^ ^''^ ^"'"^^ °^ south-west from this point heTv, • T"'^ '''''^- ^'^"'^"^^ about three-fourths of Tmie , sCu'" ."'^ ^^'^'^'•"^ '^ -- exposed on the road in lot twe tstt 7 T ''' '^'"^ -" along the west side of the railwal II. \ ,7' ' ""^' '" °"**''-«P« the St. Armand station. TJ e eTiks ^ ™"^ •^""*^-^-* °* of which large collections ^e ^ eTul: ;; r;^^^^^ ^ ^-^>«. uuung tiie sea.son of 1890 ^Geolofry of Canada, 1863. pp. 854, 865. t<-reology of Canada, 1863, p. 844. Mbur«,westof the hikI lumps of (inl.)- The e.xiict horizon htaiiiefj, out from to the Trenton hed. They would ard of the heds ford, which are ' i'fiult from the mhrid^re and the nth. These heds nt, find thoir ex- fiead o« Trenton- " J''au!t ■'■] r'AMHHOSIM'HIAN. ;{;< .1 They rosemble .n characters those of the Calciferous ,u.,l VU..y formations. Many very perfect specin.ens were also ol.taine.l f rom I's seonon .some th.rty yea,, ago hy Lo.an, Millings Whitea;.: l!: sti^tulr u':! '"1, """' 'T '*• ''•••"'"'' ^♦'^*"'"' '»''« ^y--"' -• •^-•■'" Lr UH and c.' "'"" "7: '";' "'" '^'''"'""^ ''■'"• '-^ween ihe Cal- "'-'• cfemus and Chaxy u. tins direction is al.out sixty chains s.urh of Bloods Corners, which is the old nau.e of the cross-rouls h.t ..e ran^e n.ne of Stanl.rid.e. As ..early as can he asc rtl e the hno between the two fo.....atio..s, the Cdciferous and Cha.v s seen on the road f..,.. Poillipsbu.-^, ...ay be placed near t ..:..; bet™th.po.ta..tevilla.eo;^;i;:n;X:^^^^ rul,.s to the no,.th..ast a.u] south-west. Jn the for.n.r di.-ection thev a,.,.e.rtoend, through faulti.., an.l by ,he ove..lap of the C^ |^^ jUK.ut three-fourths of a n.ile north-ast f...., /,,,,,, ^':^^''t r two, ranjre n.n., .Stanbr.d;;e, the blackish .slates of the T.^entoo h^mg m contact on the west side all the wav On M . f.-o. Blood's Corners they are .pparent^Ulp,^ ^' ,::tC t ! ce. u^ .; ' r 'T'"" ''^'''''' '•>• ^"«»'^ ""dulatio.,s in tlie ce.it. o of a somewhat l),-oad .syncli.ial basin wl.i,.l. . ».e „„., i„ .„ ,„„,„,„. ,„^.„„^ , ._^ .,, ;:"„: „."j::,:;j; h... m„gm oUh. bl„k, c.lc.r.„„. sl.to of .1,; T™1^0„r l.o„,,d«ry-l,„. |«..we,„ Quebec ,,„d Ve,™„„t, the ce, tr.f ",,. c , vj;i::r:x tr„ rtu"'t'"'' "'""" """ "'•>»•" "- -• - iry oetween the feutton Mountain axis and the shore <^""^"- .34 J yUEBKC. Ntanliiidjf,. ttiul Mcdfnll Of M,.s,s,,uo. Bay n.ore particularly «een b-tweeu Plullipsbur. and St -.n..sl,aped to tl.o ..uti, ., that tlu- low. ..cks cnverj.. t "a j ....... y. T .« „ewe.st ..ocks of the «eeti.,„ d., no, thel-.-lWe ' t<". so tar .south, tl.o centro of the «ynclinc3 having a .U-dination ii.ii'th fast at a low angle. ** nimiion The Cl.a/.y fo.ssilif.Mous locks which occupy the syncline in tl.o P.I .•.terous..Phil,ip,n.,^ extend continuous.y^L..,eC!;:::^; n a no.-,h.east .l...c.ction to lot twenty-two. ..nge six, .Stan . Z The^ cons.st, as just stat..!, of Iin,e.to..cs, lin.est.u.e.co... o-.u-.^at. s ami slates, blu.sh.gray and fre,,uc..tly dolon.itic as .n idc.ced by h ' b.wn w,.t.e...ng. They a., affected l,y folds, several a..tLli;.; C, vs.be. Iheu- .nost westerly observed outc-op is on the .-oad f.^o,,^ btanbr.dge stat.on to He.lford, an.l on the road pa.., id to thi o, Z uoss the h.ghway an.l extend n.u.ly to the bank of the Pite 1 i • • about S. 70 E., at a n.oderately low angle ; but on the road south of tins, at what .s ,na.:ked o,. the n.ap in the atlas of ,866 " Mr Ca l' Place the h.-st outcn.ps near the line of ..iKvay, dip X 55^ ^ 5.. wh.ch d.p, howeve.-, .-apidly changes i,.goi..g east, to .V. 15 E < 2 to., , and 0.1 the road thence north to J5edfo..,l, o.. vau.re seven is ..ve..e to no..th-west, showing the presence of . i..; .„, "j ^ ^^^ j^ . th.s ci,rect.on. The south-easterly .lip of the western line of ou c 7 sna.nta.ned o the exfeme no.therly exjK,sure. Thus near wl bridges .n.ll, at Mystic station, the dip of the con.don.P..,.f„ , ciated .lolo.nitie slates is S. oO E. < 30 w die' t T T""' ' ^''I'e at tl.e .nost norfhopKr outc-op on lot twenty-two, ra.ige six, it is S. 40 E. < .-'""'"'"'^-^ The most easterly outcrop of theCha.y conglomerates, is on lot twenty- two, .ange five, where the dip also is .S. 40 E < 60 anH "' ^"7 , breadth acr..ss the .neasures at this place is eig^t/ Va 1^1^;; he..e were .lo toldi.ig of the strata, and assunii.,g the dip t^be o-, (appa.ently to be the average from most of th« ,,.♦ '° ."^^ - > - r... . ..t^n.) would giveathicknessof so.net;^;t:::\o ^f^ t!^ S.a„..H.,„.. portion of the Cl.a.y It i.s possible, however, that this a.J m, y be aflected by foldings which do not appear at the su.face, but theT^par ent st.uctu,.e at this place is, as stated, that of a broad Z^Z Throughout these outcrops, fossils are abundant and can h„ T. ^ both from the pebbles and the paste. Many of U e p b," e ^ o^Thlt they are derive from the Calciferous beds of the'phil J, :;,tl St. Armand section, while the fossils from the paste indicate that the rocks themselves are probably the equivalents of the Cha^^ An iLe,! Mj'Htic Stntiijii. ••] r.VMIIftOHILLIIIAN. l'liilli|isburgHmJSt. nil Krolijrlisburg) is cs conver;^t; towmtls not, tliereforo. ox- laving a (|pcliii(itii»n ^yncline in tlio Ciil N't'iiiiont l«(uii(l/iry e nix, Stiiribridge. •conghniu'ivucs jiiid iced by tlieir nisty- ral (iiiticliiu's lieiiig on tho rofid from did to this on lot tes of foiiglonierute >f tlie Piko Kiver. 10 rocks here dip tlie road south of H66 " Mr. Carey's ty, flip N. 55 B]. east, to N. 15 E. on range seven, is and Ijroad sycline ■n lineof outiTop Tlius near Wall- uierates and asso- le most northerly :. < 25 . , is on lot twenty- >, ftnd the entire chains, which, if 1)6 (lip to be 25 , outcrops in this )00 feet for this his ai-ea may be ', Itut the appar- broad syncline. an be obtained bbles show \ hat 'hillipsburg and idicate that the sizy. An inter- 36 .1 est ng dusoovery durn , the p.st season, was the finding of grnptolites m bands of dark gray li.nestone with .lolomitic slates on lot ri' t n -•ange s.x, .Stanbridge, in a sn.all outcropping le.lge about t w . t y chams north of the road loading to North Stanbridge ^ Jl::^z:'^'''lr''r' '''''''''''''' ■"- -t ''-"y ^e-r ...r scribea in the (.eology ot Cana.la (pp. 8 JU-f<50 ) Kast ,.f sit i... , '"•'^'>' "f St. s^Uon. the area is divided by the ^ nent'^geoJu:;,: ^ 3' •^""-'• ok described m the report Just ,uoted under the heading tf Pot - .3) he term Potsdam, in Canadian geology, was employe.l to in elude all between the Calciferous and the Huronian. Mr. NValcott has, however, succeorle.l in Hading a very considerable fauna, ot trilobites particularly, in the extension tf thes' rock s" li' war.l, which enables the,„ to be more accurately placed and tl.r p" P|-- now to be assignable to a hori.on lower than Potsdam and nrt 'ibly in a great part to tho Lower Cambrian ^ ten^'L^in a'r" ^'fT ""' "°'""' '"' ''''"''"'' '^ -"^" ''^^- - ^'•-^'» -" road, on lot 1 31, West St. Armand. They are directly overlain on the west by t e l.mestone-cong.omerato just described, Ihich dips n a the contact south-easterly at angles of 5 to 10 an.l this ap^^^ren 1^ • thir r r ""'"^' ^''''''''''' ^'""••'^ -« indications of a fault m the broken character and highly tilted position of th,- Cha.y li e SeJf to 20 ' ' '"""'^•'•"" - '^ ^J^-t distance from the contact On the road going north from the terminus of this Cambrian out op on ranges six and seven, ledges of limestone-conglome.; oc"; at int rvahs with the usual dolomitic slates. By thei.- change of dip they show the presence of foldings at several places, so thatit Vs im possible to ascertain the thickness of the moires in hit dlecti „ The areas of hmestone-conglomerate are, however, not numerous Zd R^; in";;:;:: ;l''^ -- ^" '"^^^"' --^^-^ -^^ -^ ^'->-'' ^'^ lot 1 or. R aT ^™*"'^ *» Frehghsburg, at the cros.s-road on '"""■''tes. lot 1 _6. Beyond this, to 8t. Armand Centre, a series of outcrops of bluis" 3 J 36 .T QUEBEC. X'li'dicrn N'lTiiiimt. Lillicstoiic coiiKl(iiiicnit( Fossils. Swcctslmi'g. gray sla es occurs, winch are calcarec.u. in places and dolonntic-wcathe.- ing. At m.es tl.e.se contain pebbles like the strata .seen east o ' G anbv and on the west side .,f Sargent's Ray on Men,phre.n„,oXL aTweU as at other points Mlreadv referred tf, Wl.;i. r, ""« ^'^i^p. as well ridcrp of tl.« r.,,.,! • , ' »'-'"' ^-'"o- Atter cio.s.sin'' the over the l„ghwa,, TI.e.e .sl.teK have yi,.ln Lagrange's Mill. Th e „'r W ',;;;''S:' t';'?"""'' ^»'™ of the village of Dnnh.n,. FurtheTto thl 1 H , "■"' * iurtnei to the north-east they form a EllS •] CAMHKO-SILURIAN. 37 J I floloinitic-wcitlier seen easto' Granby iingoff Lake, as well low undulations are lie sloping towards slate of Farnhani, t anywhere appear in so far as yet traced on the road After CI ossing the t, the rocks first 'y like those ob- and in the vicin- s a short distance lave, in Vermont, 1st at the bridge great overtlirust azy. Going south lirook, lerlges of le at the bridge ils of Cambrian riestoneandlime- ' i-oad, associated liich are cut by 1 contain masses m age, such, as ;es themselves is :'rous slater, and fls of this local- ping out of the 'ire the precise leavy dolomitic west of St. Ar- lary on the east ('-six and sixty- on the east, the ', and extend irmand Centre the west side t they form a promment ridge, southof Sweetsburg, whence they continue to the south- west corner of the JJrome Mountain. The dolomite bands are well ex- posed on the road lea■' currence of graj.tolites in the slates with which they are in some places ''"''"'t''". associated, and which stratigraphically app,>ar to form the lower part of the series. While these slates and limestones are presumably ,.,.„, , , of the same age .s those already described as occurrin-^ in the ^"''ni>"' " Granby and Farnham section, and their extension north to Kin-sey '"'""• the character or aspect of the calcareous portion of the series is some- what different, owing presumably to the great alteration which has affected the rocks of the central and eastern areas. Thus they have frequently become graphitic, ami in places, more particularly near the gmniMc areas, have had a schistose structure imparted to them, with the addition of mica and staurolile crystals. The two areas about Memphremagog Lake, are separated by the Cambrian and pre-Cambrian ridges which extend .south-west from Massawippi^Lake to Memphremagog Lake. The rocks of the more 'Annual Report, (ieol. S.irv. Can., l,ss(i, v„l. II. (N.-S.^n^Ts^TlJ! ■•58 ,1 hi- yUKnEn. lati's. (Jrapidlitcs nfCastl,. linnik. C' i ■ i often beconio almost ■ ...n.^n ? t ^i'>lounto. Those slates tered pebbles of 1 „;f""""''^'''' *'"•""«'' *'- P--"«" of .eaf elsewlLe refe re u ;"' '"' """."' """^^'""^•' '-^' ''-« '-- character is well 1 , Z J T"" ""' -T'''' ''''''''■ ^'-s Tcbblv both near the .^XZ^Z^IT 1 " '^^'"f"'--^-^« ^^^^^ areclevelo,,e,l,an,i furthe v !' "''"'" "'" -"•'^Ptoli^i^ bamls alsoalon,^.e „ sel ilrn 1^ " '"' "-'^--'^ '"■^'-cl Mountain; "t a nunrber of " in^ fe, f ,' *';r"f \"'"^"» -^<' i^"""" townships These rocks are predsell 1 1 "■?'■''" "' "'" '^'""•""'' ''^"^y- ;.. wotton ^o.z:::!fr:z^::fTz:L r --t' r "^ formerly re.yarded as Silurian. '' '''"'"'' ^^'^"'•^^ The grai)tolites obtainerl in i«*jfi i i ^•i-iy siu.w the horij;;: n^^ tr ^."^^'^ '''-''-'* --' Castle iJrook, lot Hve, ran.e lift, > . M '..o ' h" " i- """ '"^'"'^^ "'^ is probably the most nrorl.,, ' ^^ "' "''"' ^''■^C'^^'''-e"-'"te, with pebbles -.1 probably .narks ttrZ '-'^'' direction, since, on the ascen o ni .".V''^, ^'""^''^-^il'Tian in this «lates and hard sandsto^^ cll,:;;',;::::^:' ''''' ^^ '^^ In many places around the shore nf fh« i,.i '■' •' "•■'"'■ '■■"■'■ «"'■■■ ':•'■■ ■»• (M,, ,::;;,: >«•->, ..] C'A.MHROSILUKIAN. 39 .; ish-ffray slates, fre it'll uio pn'nci|i(illy lite. Those slates presence of scaf ne, find have l)een itea. This pebbly nphrenia;,'o-r Lake, graptolitic bands t)rford .Mountain ; Potton townships, Vlissisrpioi Valley, (ise noted in ] 8iS() iver, which were I tJescribed,* and a new locality on liscDvered, which >y yet found in ade, both by our- Hilogical Survey, ere their surfaces forms. About I>r. Ami fioni ion. which occui m of the Fitch Hiey consist for imd frequently hly graphitized, ved, are similar rhsee are on lot nnd of slates, is !iiig lot twenty- tie between lots te, with pebbles one! the brook, iilurian in this lack and green points inland, !t pre.servation IS rare, owing apparently to the very considerable d.-ree of .netan.or- phisn. which has affected all the strata in the vicinity. The ..^trata are otten broken up and are cut by intrusions of dmerent kin.ls of trappean or volcanic rock, some of which are white and fels,.athic, while others are a green diabase. The.se vary in thickness from dvk.'sof two feel or so, to great masses, and it is clear that the smaller dykes seen about the shores of the lake are, in some cas,.s at least, spurs from some one of the lar-er mas.es forming hills ; pre.isely as the dykes which cut the strata about \amaska and the other mountain.^ <.f that district are connected with and can be traced into the intrusive masses there. That th.. moun- lM,n,.iv,. tain masses of Orford, Jlog's Mack, Sugar Loaf and Owl's Head, with "'■—-'' a number of lesser hills to the west of Memphremagog Lak.s a.'e .-^^1'.'; intrusive „, the slates of that arc, is shown by the broken character of the slates in contact, in their great alte.ation near these contMcts evidenced both by a p<.rcellani/ing or other hardening of the strata, in some places, and by the formation of crystals through th.- mass of the slates at many points. The intrusive character of the dioritic matter, is also seen in the Tlnir .. ,i, „ tact that many of the dykes Cut directly across the stratification of "I"""!"' the slates themselves. That the whole series has b.-en profoundiv 0 line between lotl j „ , X"' I'- ""'''"" "'^'^■^ ^^'^"■^ --' '« *'- - eolou, co„,pu.se.i of ul.ite felsptr bhck "'.'■' '"""""^ "'■"•^' rock being generally coarse in tevturL '"'' "'"' *'"'^'-*='' ^''^' ":^::"rr: :ri^t;i/'r _-"^ -■•- --.. «;iiiiiitc oil <'-" v^" ijus iroin this nlaee f,. fi.„ x- t.l... slates and and on the east shore of the 1 I . ^ t'nnont boundaiv. liiiifstoncs. • , , ^"oie or tlie lake, its coiitiiot whl, tu \- is observetl near the line bet.v.„,.., „. ^,^""^''«t ^vIth the luuestone Siiiitli's Afi is observed near the line be 1 .' ' 1""""'* '''''' '^" '''"*^^t'>''e ^ear Beebe Plain VZ^^^Z'T ^'"T ""' '""'^ '^^^ ^'>-. Hnd Ii„„..stone is seen ^ l" '"""' ''" ^°"^'-^ "^ *'- n'-nite the station, the s^ i :, ^^ sT'"""'?'^"'^^""^'' ^''"'^ ^^^ "^ which is brownish-nav -uul Z ' ,, ^'^P^ "^ '' ^uge dyke-iike mass, tenninatin, abou a I: ' ^T'T ^'^ "'f ^^-b' of the granitJ ••oad then,.e to Smith's Mi li , T' ^'^ ''^^ P^^'"^" ^" ^''e with occasional ,iyl "of tt '^^^^^^V' ''""^""" '^'"^^ '^* '"^--^'«. ..■eatl. broken up^.J Ik t ri;:: :t h)!: "^'^^-'- '' ""- area apparently terminates on thi " "''"" ■'^'''""te road to Griffin^s Corn r on L " """' ''^ ^"'"*'"" ^^^^ ^''e the limestones and s Utk , 1 bT." -' '''T """• ^^ ^^^i-h-.-ection hut as we approach S •;",,' ''"'^"'^ ^^'^^-^ -'^ micaceous: appears, and the rocks res mble , ' T"T '^^^''^ S*^"^''*^''^ ^'- -■ B<.y. The limestone of S't,:*;; ?'",'' r^' ^''"^ °^ ^'^^'^ the associated slates contain ubero '""' '>lackish-gray and The rocks sparkle in the u ^ ! 1 iT'"''!' ''"''^^''^^^^'"'^ since no mica is discernible "^d ^/™"' *''' ^'''''''' "^ 1"-rt., lender the railwav d '^1 T'' "'"^^ '""' ^uart. are' seen -"ueh distorted and .t tt. eUj >' "' "" '"^'^ '" ^^'^ -"'»« «- -•e twisted in all direaions ' ' •^"-^--ins of large si.e, ^hich hetween Lake Memphrema:o! and the OK • ^""^'•"-«''"™" ^^eries Between «mith. ./i. .^ S;^:^ ^^^^^ fSr^: ELLS ••] 3 railway (foiinorly )Olt. Y Nni-iow.s, tlirou"!) r " limestones anri tlie '»• The first rocks, lesouth, are^)luis}|- . wliicli (lip X 5Q lie rocks of Ma^sa- :s were seen to tlie le granite is met. J is generally gray ^ gi'iy <|uartz, the ^rmont boundary, til the limestone our, range three. ut of the granite ve yaicls west of * schist hoMing ' " brook at *(;eology of Canada, 1863, p. 809. ...J CAMHIiO SILUIUAN, 43 J To the south ot the North Stukely roml, i„ a valley, many hirge S,.„t.,.S,„l<..K pieces of red and green Sillery .lates are seen, which from their general '^!'.'' '•"'""' aspect would indicate that outcrops of these rocks exist in the hnn.e.liate "■ viomity. They were not, however, found in place, though the presence of blackish wrinkled slates believed to be of Cambrian a^'e, was noted rtill further to die south on the road from South Stukely to trost Village. These probably form the lower part of the Cam- brian and Cambrcf-Silurian basin just described. To the north of Memphremagog I.ake, the road from Magog to the Ar..a .,orti, nt Montreal road, which leads from 8i>erbrooke to North Stukely, shows ,'',:;"j';t"'" fre.,uent outcrops of blackish and grayish, sometimes thickly ochre- spotted slates, like those which contain the g.uptolites near the lake shore. Similar slates extend west, on the Montreal road to the cross- ing of the br k near the inlet to Jirompton Lake. They are well characterized i, the presence of pebbles of slate and sandstone, and H short distance beyond this brook are underlain by black, green and purple slates with beds of .,uartzose sandstone of Cambrian a.spect Ihis brook, Mowing into Brompton Lake, may be regarded as con- stituting the western limits of the Cambro-Silurian in this direction. On the road leading north to Key Pond or Webster Lake, similar W.bHt.r slates are exposed to the western shore of the pond. They are of ^"'''•'• the series which is described in the Report for 1886, as occupying the valley of the St. Francis in the township of Brompton, and, on Webster Lake, they are in contact with serpentines and diorites which appear to come to the surface along the line of contact between the Cambro-Silurian and Cambrian rocks. West of this, to Brompton H,on„-t..,» J-ake, serpentines and diorites, with occasional ledges of greenish ^'''^^• grayish and purplish slates, are the prevailing rocks, and these latter may be classed with the Cambrian system. It will be ^)>«erved, that in the areas east of the St. Lawrence and Champlain fault, the characteristic limestones and shales of the Calci- ferous, Chazy and Trenton do not appear. No beds resembling those of the Ottawa am' St. Lawrence basin, marked by the typical fauna of these formations there (with the exception of those at St. Dominiuue) have been recognized, though the stratigraphical sequence of formations and the similarity of the fauna obtained from the beds of the eastern area, in many re.spects, to those found in the typical Cambro-Silurian formations of the western area, enables us to determine pretty closely the several divisions of strata which we have just described I:} 44 ,j Ql'KBEC. WestPiifl (if Miintrcal Island. St. Eustaclii Riffaud. Horks of Montreal Maud and vicinity. m Isle Bizai.I. •Sault au Recollet. ••eports of the CI 1 S,; ' '^"" '"^"^^^ '" ^''^ ^-'lie^ Canada*; but as the •."'''""" ^'"'""'"''^ '" '""^ ^^-'"87 "f peat here so.e of t tineta" ' 'T^':'' ""^ '^'^ "«'^^"' *« - ^eve.. ca„.ro.snn:.rz;isi^:Lt:::;r ""« ^" ^"^ The lowest of tlie.e, viz., the Calciferous wifl, if , , downward into the Potsrlnm 7 ' ''"^'^^""'' '''*'' »*« gradual passage ve.op.ent along e?oe:Otr^:rr;^T'^ ^-^^^ ^^^^ ^'e- ;- the ,„„etitn of ^^:::^:^c^t:^-^-^- for some miles. A sn...ll <.,.f / , ^ '^^ "^""^'^ upward sandy li.nestone si ^ Vtl ''': t, ^^'^^^^^•^-^^^ ^alciferou.s ^■^'■;n" of Montreal, - h l.J „77th^^*^^^^^^' ^^ ^'^^ -"' i» cuttings on the Canadia pjfi . "'' '''^^^^ station. The beds are Hnr 1 '■''''''^^' '''* ^t''" ^""e'.s .^andstone appears on Isle Perf "" r""'^ ^^' '""' ^^^ P«'-'-" iiiver. East of Ste 117' T *^ °*'"'' ^'^^ °^ *'"' Ottawa largely drift-covered " a^^ !' "'' """"'^ '"''^'''^ ^'^ —try is limit of thi ZCi 7r r '"^^ --.- that the east' rn The western Z^TlT^JTf '^"' ^" *'"^ ^'-^-■ H- rapid in the Rivi.r d "lllle^t 1 7^''.' '"* ^^ ^'^ •• village of St Eustarl.P P , V , ' "^''"'^ two miles above the stream. A sma" oure'ro? al 7" '''' "'''''' ''" -^'^ ^^^ "^ the Bixard, but these oute.Z a e '"""' "" *'' ""•*'"'■" ^'^ ^^ ^^l^ the overlyin. ChazMi Tf T r''''''^ ^^^ ^'"^'^ ^ l>^ ^eds of show onL^RM 4 : !rT; " "' ^"^'^"P^ «^ ^'^^ "^^^^^^^us drift depo.sits alortllwo^^^^^ *'^ ^"'"«"^ "^ ^^-g-'^. 1-t the very rarely seen. '*^''' ^'"^ ^" continuous ,hat the rock is th'dl:;:r2X:^,,;;;::^''^^^' ^^^-Pe-^ectly developed in Bizard overlying the a Idfe '""'^*°"^'^PP-•- «" the west side of Isle '^"t the sand ^^'"I'^ZT::^'^:''^'-'- '' "«' from this locality. In fact I./ . . ^'^'^ "'^'^ ^'^ ^^^^'^^ observed at only'^onenoSt in l^i'rr'"' *'' '^'^^'^ ^°"-^'- -- *«eology of Canada, 18.a, pp. 1 1 ^^^^.i^^^^aa^,;;^ ut*. ] CAMBRO-SILI"* ity. tawa and on the 'ed in the earlier 1 the Geology of riptions of these be useful to re- sertaiiiing to the 1. gradual passage lat extensive de- the St. Lawrence • Anne's upward 'istic CalciferouH treraity of the railway bridge at Ste. Anne's d the Potsdam of the Ottawa the country is ihat the eastern this direction. ■es, but at the miles above the ler side of the rn side of Lsle or by beds of ;he Calciferous gaud, but the I hat the rock is r developed in est side of Isle ice of fo.ssils, ea are absent orrnaiion was ly at the east ; au Recollet ig the Ottawa ily beds form 45 .1 a very considerable thickness, underlying the fossiliferous limestone which constitutes its upper part. The limesconos have, however, a very considerable extent on Isle Jesus, .ml a number of fine quarries have been opened in the beds in tlie vicinity of St. Martin Junction, where the strata lie nearly Hat. St. Man,,, U.azy limestones also appear on the River St. Lawrence at Pointe '""'■^'""■ Ua.re, but are overlain by the beds of the Hlack River formation a short distance inland. Chazy limestones also show on the western side of Montreal Island near the village of Cartierville, opposite l!ord-a-Plourte but the greater part of the island is so uniformly covered with deposits ot clay and sand that rock outcrops are rarely seen. / The overlying Black River formation, is seen at widely separated ,,...,< K I v.- points on the island of Montreal and the adjacent Isle J.'su.s, but it was ^" '■'-''> found impossible to trace this formation with any degree of exactness '''""'"' The only definitely recognized outcrop on the first-mentioned island occurs at Pointe Claire, where, in an escarpment between the line of the Grand Trunk railway and the village, about fifty feet of the RIack River limestones are exposed. The outcrop is the site (,f very extensive .p.arries, from which much of the stone for the piers of the Victoria Bridge at .Montreal was obtained. It is underlain by the Oha/y limestone on the shore of the St. Lawrence, in the village but does not extend to any great distance in either direction The beds are nearly Hat, or dip to the .south-east at an angle of 1 to ;} f , .i, and certain strata are almost entirely composed of Tetvadlum Jibratum a characteristic fossil of the Black liiver formation. To the .south-west and west of Montreal Mountain, the island is mostly clay-covered, and the next outcrop of these strata reco"ni.e(l by us was at St. Vincent de Paul on the west bank of the Back River .st Xi„ce„t about four miles below Sault au Recollet. The west bank of the •'••''*^'"'- stream at this place is a clift chiefly composed of Trenton limestone but on the shore several feet of the rock have an abundance of Black River forms, among which were recognized Gonioreras anceps, Activocem. Bjishy,, Cnhnnnaria IfaUi, Str,ptfa.,ua cornicdnm, Tetradium Yo..i^. Mratum, Cyrtodonta Hurorwasis, Murchisonia grarili,, Glypfocri- nu8, Strowatocerinm rnr/omm, Strophomena inrurvata, Licrophycas like L. Ottawaemis, Pav.hrjdirtya acta, Orthocerm, Cyrfocerm, etc This band does not show at the upper part of the cliff The limestones of the Trenton formation have by far the widest di.s- r i ^ , tribution of any of the Paheozoic rocks in this vicinity. They are well M'mt.el developed about the city of Montreal, and the ([uarries about Mile End and at Cote St. Michel are situated in this formation ; while a some 46 J yUEUEC, Likchiiic. •Jolicttc. Fossils Biiring's at ^lontrea). Trenton limestone of ^tontreal. aux Tre.„l.,e.s toward the vill^eTl'/'""^^ ^""'"'^ ''°"^'' '^"^' ^''-^ show aLso on the east s t o f , ,k K^r '^ ''''^'"'"- ''^'^^^ ''^^^ Pnul, on Isle J.'.sus and on H. , "''P"'"" '^^^ ^'^"'^ent de trusive roek of the Montreal Tr; . ^'"'^ '"'« P^-^^^^'-^ted l,y the in- ^-"ti.eeit,ofMont.eaUotheMo:ntlV::r ''''' ^'''' '''' Trenton ]i„,estones also show on the beach of tho St T ) Laclune and for a short distance west but do n^ ?"'' "' the vicinity of the mountain is reacred. '^P'"" "'^'^"'^ '"' On the mainland, north of th« «if t Trenton rocks are both w , e ';. 'd ^ZT' "' '1^"^' ^^'^'^^^ ^^ north-east to Ste. Elizabeth. Ts lo'cal T "\ ". '""' ''"''"« Logan,* and the presence of 'Z I ' "'"^ ^° ^^ '^''' ^^^'ham there noted. MorrertlvVlSSn 'T'""'"' "^'"^ '''^^'' ^"-''^ - been made f..m this lit if dI"?"""^^'^^"^ "^ ^°-'« h-« and 1892,a„dlistsof hel . "'' '^'"^ '^^ ^f"-- ^'''^"-^ ^ 1891 iwd o^ . 'ir>' ;:^s :;n^'^i;:^s-^^;f '-t^: "^'"-^^- the Trenton has, however been .o 1 ■ , . ' '^ ''^°^^ ^"'^J^'"' ^^ reached being of a sandv n'ltnrp r,.. i i > , *' ^^'^ '"'"'^^^ beds stone. As the^^ore appaC: l^d 1^^^ ^ ^ ""'^^'^'"«" ^^*^^^'" «->^- and Trenton, the thicknes'of t e h. 7 T ""*''=* '•^'"^^" ^''« ^tica far from the amount jrit «: tr 7n :o::S::r-^ 7 "" ^^ city or its vicinity does the under W r °''^""'''''' ^'^ 'he been reached. underlying Laurentian appear to ha^e The exposures of the several f«r,v,.^- Montreal, are too widely sepaLecTff T "'" '" ^'^^ '^'^^ "^ determining their thick-LT "n 1^ " '"^ '""''"'''' '^^^'^ ^•"• the most commonly ped' In'hif ^"' l^'" ^'•^"*°"' ^^^''^'^ ^ formation are foun'datteVsUmtrWet' ""'"^""''^ '' '"^^ the summit of Mount Royal This fZ t^lT '"^ "^"^^^ *° .n^^^^shalesUr^^^^^ Hieology of Canada, 1863, pp. 148-49. il ^1 tut.] CA.Mmiosii,rniA\. ys of the island 'ointo and P<»inte ■ies. These heds • kSt. Vincent de ace to the Pont ated \,y the in- stnitions of the lids which lead t. Lawrence at pear inland till 3tte, Chazy and e road leading by Sir William liver fossils is I of fossils have jiroux in Wjl the "Canadian hole subject of in the Geology the subject. made in and ave been sunk 3 deepest has he lowest beds 'otsdani sand- 'eentheUtica )ns can not be s made in the pear to ha\e he island of ive data for on, which is >ne8 of the d nearly to ih the occur St. Charles 47 .1 and on the river opposite the city, as well as the horizontal character of the Trenton ridge to the north-east, tend to establish the oxi>tence of a fault of considerable extent on the south-east side of tji.. mountain it- self ; while the super position of u|)per Chazy or Black Kiver lime- stone upon the Calciferous at the lower end of Isle iVymid, indicate a fault also in this vicinity. It is prol)able that several such' faults occur p,,,,,,,,,,,, at various places on the island, consequent on the intrusion of the fi''"it"' mountain mass itself, or of some of tin- many trappean dykes, which extend to Ste. Anne's im the south-west, and to the north and m.rth- east as far as llivicre des Prairies. These will, however, he noticed on a subsequent page. The characteristics of the Ti'entnn and Black River rocks as de- veloped in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa basins, will he found stated in detail, in the Geology of Canada, pages 136-17G. The area east and south of .Montreal, between the St. Lawrence Vn-n ,.,Ht of and Richelieu rivers, was thoroughly tr/nersed in order to obtain any MoTAr.'-ih'' additional facts relative to the distrii)ution of the several formations which occur ihere,- viz., the Trenton, Chazy, Calciferous, and Pots- dam sandstone. The outcrops noted were, however, in most cases widely separated, while the general horizontality of the strata, and the usually level character of much of the surface, largely covered by drift clays in th •< direction, make the actual determination of geological boundaries impossible. The Calciferous formation is lai'gely developed in the county of Beauharnois, east of the St. Lawrence, and is well exposed near Val- VallevfieUI leyfield in a quarry on Grande Isle. The beds are here nearly Hat, " "^ "'' ami the formation extends south-eastward to the Chateauguay River at Ormstown, quarries of the characteristic limestone, which is here fossiliferous, being found near the road a short distance west of that place. The formation is also well seen at the village of Huntingdon „ . in the bed of the stream, though the country between Ormstown" and "'""»'^°''- that place shows no ledges in the vicinity of the Chateauguay Ri\er. Potsdam sandstone blocks, however, occur in this direction and form ridges fifteen to twenty feet in height and an eighth of a mile or more in length, as at Dewittville. The horizontal beds of the Calciferous also show on the river above Huntingdon, south of which, to the boundary of the state of New York, the surface is oc- cupied with sandy drift, although blocks of the Potsdam sand- stone occur. On the road going east, about two to three miles north Huntingdon of the International boundary, the surface, for the first four miles, *" lemming- is occupied with drift sand, in which occur great quantities of ^"'"' sandstone blocks ; but at the village of Manningville, in Franklin, the 48 J «iL'KltEC. L.ic'oll ll' to typical Potsdam HamhUm,- ,t„n,.Hrs in (!„, |„; , , "m.«tor,l. Loose pi;cos of fhlcaf ''""' '"'"">' "» "-'■ towa.. Wolle. .>y waTl • ,^ rtcanf"'- '"" ^"^^ ^'"^' VHl. to within about two n.iles of La',. ^: "^^'""i" '^I^I--'''* '^^ i-fer- tf.ree-ei«l.tl,.s of a „.ilo 1..," ""'' ""''""'''^ ^"' '^''«"t Utica shale at the fault. ' " ^"'"«'^^ ^" "'" -"^-^ -ith rh.. , fossils. Thence it ...... 1. * ^"ntainm;? numerous cimnu-teristic l.ere l.etweea the Cha.v an 7.^ t. ^''^'""- ''''"' -'"tact well .na..ke.l by a H g'w i " ■''"r "' "'" '^'■'■'-'- P'-''. is liincstone about onon.ile west of H ''""''" '''''''' '" ^''« ^''"»^y from N. to N. 40 W < i ', -t "7't '" ""'•^^' ^''^ "-'^••^ 4 -i. th. Uha.y ndge sinks i^S'^n ^o t^^^'^tT T'''' '' '''' country is presumably oncupied bv tL T 7 *'''"" '''"' "'^' ations. From the(;r,uKle7 1 ' " '""' """•^ ••^^'^"^ f'>'"'- obtained by 0... DeZ '' (^^^^^f "'' ^''---^ ^ withsandan.L.av lor dl V r" "'*''" '"' '""'''^'■■^ •--"' of Cha.y limestone. Z cXife^::::;^:'"'' "' f l"""' ''' ^'^^^ tered about, and no accurate o::^:!!:,']^^^^^^^^ '"°.^'^; "'" '^'''■ road fro.n St. John, to Napl.-rville L f 'T.'™'"^''' ""*''« ^--^> '^^-^ • ^. the Treiton blL^;!!^;^^:^^:"^' ^"^ near the cross-roads about four n,ile.s west of St 1 /"""''' »id that the p„w„„L,,L:,": .„,;„% '»'";''««<'r'''"-rN at inter •e tli(. liiiiPstoiK, iw/ird for about ntaot with tlio Pm"iult;.s) about ^tott.sville, tlie cliaractori.stif )inevvli)i,t well. The CO, I tact t'lif'U plain, is ■th-west of the " tlio Cha/y the rofk-,s (Jip "Ollll of tilis pliiiii aiui the > recent foim- >£ fossils were r.vMimo-HiLUHr.w. 49 .1 b-tween N.,w York an.l (.fuel.ec, in a gradually narrowing am., of wliieh , „„:, , t-lin uroufAttn limif ; *.l;.._ I L' 1 ... IWMJITS 1(1 'tvliiill llcit'ilHllH. the western l.nnt .s outhne,! from the vicinity of lot eij-hteen. i,,n..e '■'■''I.-n; and one Hinchinhrooke, to the Chateau«uay River near Onnstown. whence It follows closely the course of the stream for nearly ton u.iles, turnin.' then westward towards the St. Lawren,.e and .Tossiny that river ahout midway between \'alleyfield and Beauharnois. Westward it occupies a lar«e part of the .seigniories of Vaudreuil and Soulange.s, to the shore of the Ottawa Miver, asfarwe.stas Uigaud .Mountain. Its eastern and northern .nargin leave.s the St. Lawrence at lieauh .rnoi.s villa... Thence .t k.-eps to the east, and cros.ses the Chateauguay River ab.K.t M.ven nnles from its mouth, after which the eastern outline of the tormation turns southward ami in an irre,,.,larly curving line continues .■ast of the Chateauguay and Knglish rivers to the rnternational bourn!- ary south of Hemmingford, as already noted. The Calciforous limestones occur in two areas separated bv the Pots- .V.-u.-.f ■Ian. sandstone just described. The western area comprises ihe .^iv.ter ''•''^■*f"'""- part of the county of Beauharnois to the St. Lawrence Hiver west ..t the Pots,lam outline. The eastern area, as far as we can ascer- tain, occupies the southern and western parts of the counties of Napierville ami St. John with the northern part of Chateauguav ami Hk- western portion of Laprairio. It reaches the St. Lawrence beUveen rn .eauharno.s and Chateauguay Basin, wl.ere the overlap of the Clia.v l«'ii"^a,v. formation occurs, the line between the eastern limit of this formation and the Ciiazy being largely coj-.tural. The northern limit of the ha/y reaches the St. Law,, nee about two miles below Cau-dinawa-i M iage, being succeeded in ..,,,„!a|. order by the Trenton furn.atiim winch, m Its eastern extension, can be seen near St. Johns', as aheadv n..ted ; while the Uti.a shales, seen near L^Acadie, extend thenc;« northward and westward to the St. Lawrence, and, with the Lorraine' occupy most of the St. Lawrence basin east of that river for some miles. Concerning the Potsdam sandstone, which has been generallv .on- t. p , sidered to form the upper member of the Cambrian systen, the follow.n. sa^.s^on:!'"" mnarks may be made. It is described in the (Jeology of Canadat as traceable from St. Lawrence County, New York, into Can.-ula,wh.re it lias Its greatest development in the county of Beauharnois '' * * * ..The tormat.on filLs up the inequalities of the underlying Laurentian series • and in ^ew York the lowest part isdescril.ed as a coar.se conglomerate" den ving its material from the subjacent gneiss, ami containing rounde.l masses of quartz, some of which are eight inches i„ diameter, held in •Annual ReiKtrt, (iool. Surv.. Can 1SS7 w« .-,.1 iit /v a v f (ie.,logy of Canada, 1803, p,.. H^ib ' ' ' '"' <^^-^-*' ''• ^ " *'«'• 4 50 J Banc of tlie Calciferous foriiiatioii. I A QUEBEC. a «ne-grained matrix of silicious sand. At Potsdam (N Y Uh. . u Sillery divi- sion of tllf Ciinibriaii. Cambrian'. Dhical n..,-.,-.., „„."!! r'.'''.*° '^ '"•■g^ «^*«"t, upon stratigra- o£ ph.cal position and lithological characters. In regard to most these rocks, however, there can be no doubt as Tth "' since from the conclusions already published fo.L " '"r'""' east of Point Levis.* it is pkin that tl !! 1 '"''"' '°""' ^"^ i;^rous Quebec group, b, v^llX ^e^^ 'I^lCVL:^ f ^'^ division commonly styled "Sillpw" i Z ^ least oi the between this and tl.e c^tallin Jh^'sts f"the r'"- "*^™^''^*« must be assigned to this system P-Cambnan anticlinals, of::^^^s;:i:;:::::i:::-:---r. not previously pointed out and which c 11 fo.. 7 T °""'' planation. Of these the most w teWv thL TT ' '""" "" portion, viz., that south-west of Po nt tjv 1^.' " -f '^"'^'"^'^ I.eof.earan;^Tr\XT^^^^^^^^ the Becancour River to the f...,lf =».. .• , '^rantold and on they .. f„,.„ the we,ter„ .id, „, . ., J„., wi,;:^^ „";'' '^ "hich .ppear. al Inv.rne., and Ste. Sophie.". ^^^ "' •KeiOT, n«l. Surv. O.n., 1887-88, roJ. nr. (N. S.), p. OS,. cu*.] CAMBRIAN. 51 Further to the south-west, these rocks are traceable in occasional s, ^ outcrops the surface being largely drift-covered, though Bulstrod KiV^bir and Morton m a gradually narrowing belt to the St. Francis Rhx where, at the falls about three nnles south east of Dru.n n U "l ' they appear .n a band about a nnle in width, overlapped by black hu.estonos o Trenton aspect on the east, and in tlfe vicinhyof Drum.nondnlle, by the black slates holding graptolites alreldv referred to BeUveen the south-west branch o^f the^X o 't, a Xh Jhstance be o. Ste. Clothilde, and the St. Francis, the su face largely dr.ft-covered, with coarse sand and gravel and no rock rnjitr'" '°" '''' ^°"^"" ''' °"*"- °^^'- «^''-T irt\: IVp/k; ''^' *^' ""'-^^P-^ •'^ *•>««« rocks are al.o 'f^^^'''^ hmited, but are seen at intervals, and no other rocks of the ove. ymg senes appear. It is probable, therefore, that the Sillery" formation extends in a gn^lually widening area to the line of the railway mentioned, having its eastern limit near the crossing of the Moose lliver about five miles east of Aetonvale station and its western limit a short distance, probably about one mile, west of Upton s ation. Between these two points, outcrops are quite frec.uent of the pecuhar green.sh-gray sandstone of the Sillery, with red and <.reen slates. Further south, in Iloxton and Milton, the Ca.nbrian^irea assumes much larger dimensions, having a breadth, from .-ast to west of about seventeen miles. In the vicinity of Roxton Falls, the sand! stone por ,oa of the formation is well displayed and thence to the of Granby, these rocks form a p,-ominent ridge which is a marked feature in the landscape. This sandstone ridge extends into the ownship o Ea.t Farnham, and its most southerly recognised outcrop :s on the third range of West Farnham, nea. the township line of East larnham. The sandstones are here associated with red and green slates and are most abundantly developed along the eastern portion of the Sillery area. ° eastern West of Roxton Falls, on the road to Milton, the sandstones become „ , less prominent, and frequent outcrops of red and blackish-gray slates A™&f'o°rd. are seen. Near the line of Milton township, several smaU knolls o diorite appear, but along the roads through .St. Valerien, and thence to Mdton Corners, the red slates of the formation have a very exten sive development, outcrops of the sandstone appearing at intervals' Ihese rocks continue across Black River to the adjacent township of o2 J Qt'EUEC. St. Hyacinthe, where also ridirps nt th^ j . tend, to the .south-east to aboTt .K *""' '''^ ^^^" ''^'^'^ '^■ Mountain, and are t^er' n tZ^lT:^ "p "'^ "^^^ "^ ^^"^^^^ tones which occur east of S^ pt ^d St tT"'" '''^" ^^"^' ''•"^■ country in the vicinity is largelv drift en < ^'"'•"""1"«' ^''^'"kI' the is concealed. ^ ^ dnft-covered, and the actual contact vil,a«e. Ahout Mawc^T to' he^trt ^Tnf ^1^ '^ 1 ^^™^^^ '•an.^esof Papineau, Ste. Seraphine a.u ^7 *^^ ^°»*''--««t on fre,uent ledges, with occasiona' lalTdevelon '7''' ""/'"P "'* ''^ On lot fifteen, ran..e nine ^, ,^, "'""^ ^'^^*'°P«' '"a^ses of sandstone. g-n slates, Ind ^ la ' :::^;^%''"7^ ^^^^ "P^""' '" ^'^ -^' years ago. The beds clelve o u7 T "*'''"'^^'' ^'^«"* *-«»ty Efficiently well dcfinedZ^^ t^: ri^^rr f'^'''' '' "^ cause the excavatiojis had not r« I . '"^''ch.intable slate, possibly be- tl^e lower beds, the" del:: ^^^ ^^ ^^^^"^' ^'7^"- ^^ -« of transverse to the beddin-. whJ ■ *="'-^'«l. and in places is to the south-east l!: / ^r't: "'r^'^ T' ^"^'^ '^-'^ ^^'^P about one-eighth of a hiile west of "tl . ''"''"'^ ^"^^ "P^^^d W.S r.nove,l. tVon. thlt e ctl I T °"' '"' ""* •""^'' ''-•^ character and colour to the '12": l^ t "' "^P"" ^•^'■^ ^""»-- "^ being a dark red. " ^'°"^ '^"^ ^^^""^i" »•" 'l^arry, Acton. Slate qiiiinies. The slates of Mawcook nro ,• i quart, vein, and IlS Z^ T' '''''''"'' '^ '-«"'— all '-"•^ler ,uart.ose band.f but Zis f ^^" "^P""' '" '^^'"'^ "^ *''« •luarry for local flaggit Ls been " T"'"" "^'"^- ''^ --» the red slate belt, J^out^ e „ : ancfrh 'if *'^ "^^*^'" •^^'^^ «^ L'Ange (iardien, but the slate is of Tn T'* "' *''^ ^''^'^»"« °f cut by dolerite, presu.airy^ o:^ ^ TaL'^^ V "' ''' '"°"'^°^-' township of Acton, quarried la " 1 1 1' ^^onntrAn. In the tion of these rocks oi lot twenrv • "'''''''' '" *''^ '''^^ ^^'^te por- ^x, ..^ hve, the ir : ^:::- s^';;Si:"s;r "- ^^^^'^^- descnbed in the Hei.ort on « the Min.™l B ''"""> '"'» '"'«" fonne,. ,v, have n'„ cU.i,:': ttefZH::' ?*'""* "' '''» of work appeal, to have been done. *'"" "'"''""' ;i.h .tai,ar .ck/ahon: l' :-3r; Z Lt; "t't " " *' ™" •Annual R,p„„, „„,. 3,,,, ^^^^ ,«,.^;;„^ "n^j;^-- Distuibaiico. -J CAMBRIAX. 53 .1 1887-88, p. 64 k, answer equally well for the areas now under dis- cussion. The sandstone ridges are local in their developn.ent, an,l the red Cnta.ts „ itl, shade of the slate frequently passes into green. Fron, the relations of ^'^^^^^ the overlying Trenton limestones on either side, the contact on the west appears to be due principally to faulting, while in the south and east It IS more of the nature of unconformable overlapping The third area east of the St. Lawrence is that found^in West St. Thi,-,! o. St Armand. fins consists of a narrow tongue of Cambrian rocks extend- ^^'^ -a. .ng rom the state of Vermont for about three miles :znd a half north of the boundary, where it has a breadth of not more than a mile and a quarter. It is separated from the Chazy of the Phillipsburg section b) a hne ot fault, an, r , bounds, on the west, the Chazy basin of Stan- l»ndge in its extension south-west from Farnham Centre. This area has been described in former reports,* and is well outlined r m the atlas accompanying the Geology of Cana.la. The rocks are &ria„. there stated ..long to the Potsdan, group and to very possibly represent i. ^ ...t member. This would appear to l,e co,i',ed by the more r..cnt observations of Mr. C. D. Walcott on this series of rocks, by whom large collections of fossils have been obtained on the A enuont side of the boundary, from which he considers these rocks to he very low down in the Cambrian system, t The thickness of this old series as given by Sir William Logan in 180;? t. • i r .s about 2200 feet. It represents what is known as the Red sand ^'"^^^^ rock of Vermont, and consists largely of dolomitic strata often highly IVorsllS"*'^ s.h eo„s, white and reddish in colour and with bands of dark— a-id bluish-black slate. Details are given in the report just cFted The northern outcrop of the series terminates in low land on lot 1.3 , west St. Armand, just beyond, and to the west of the torks of the road at that place, where a sharply defined fault is seen between ,t and the Chazy limestone. The strike of the rocks IS a few degrees east of north, and if prolonged this would meet the southern extremity of the Cambrian area of Granby, part of which may represent higher beds in the same series, in this respect following what appears to be a recognized fact in several of these formations^ that as we go northward we pass from lower to higher beds. The eastern limit of this area of dolomitic Cambrian rocks in the v n state of Vermont, is a short distance south of the village of High.!;^ V^.'S. l;^a.idjt^^h^,„arked by the presence of beds of limestone con. *fie,.l„ffy„f Canada, 18(13, pp. 281-2W;, and fiSbS^ andlrm"""" '"*'''*''"• Cambrian. Hulletin V. 8. iu;,l Snrvoy, X,.. HI, pp. n-llT 54 QUKliEC. Jourtliaroao Cainbrian. Distribution in St. Ar- innnd. Kucoids. ing resisted the weatherin. b tt^than t '" . ''"''''''' "'"^'^' '''^^■ pronnnently fro.n the su:faee nd " tn" """' "^'' ^*^"' °"^ veins. The black «lates, aJo'rd ! Mr \ZlZ''' '' '''''''''''' °' of upper Ca„.bnan age- and W. t^ 7 ' '"'*'''" ^''''^' other Cambrian fossil. 1 . . brece.ated masses also -arks the p^er I^ ^r t'e P 1 ^''^ ''^"' ^''^-"^^-^ ^^^^'y they are di.stinei;;her ^' the'T r'^Vu^ '" this direction, and «t. Armand outc.op.^ ''"'' *'"^ *^^ ^^^^ -"^-ock of the direction, continuorittKn! T"' '^"""'^-^ '» ^ -^th-east River, .here it ^l^:^ S^',:; : ^ ^ '^ °^ ^^^^ ^^- ^-eis has already been described in ., '. ^'"^ direction and Can.brian of Stanfo d L^.te v 'I ""u' '"'P"'"* ''^^ constituting the Wolfe. Its exten iln to h C '" *'' '"""^''^^ "' ^^'^^^-d -'^ Vermont by P oJ Hkc " I. T""'* " '^^'^^^^ °» ''- '"'^P "f .ate rails. '1^:^^ ^^^ ^ t^^ " ^^^ ^"^^ ^^ "'^^ near the line between lots fiff v « , ^™""'^ °^ ^^"^'^^^^ thispIace,about a fou , o r ■^'^^y"^--' «*. Annand. At n^ileLuth of theBoZ rv 1 1 "f! t"^ ""^■^■^°'^' "^"^^ '« °- road going east the To t ' f ' V u T '"' '"" ''"^'^ '"^ *'"^ '^^^ «^ the dolonrite,:ut t ' a "ve n "f T "''^' ^'^'•' "**'^ '^^'^^ ^-"^'^ ^^ half the^nassi^^ ti:d i ullor't ^'"^n^"'^' " ^°"^ P'^'^^'^' "-''^ a conglon.erate or Z^clT T ^ , ^"''^^"^"•^">' the rock becomes lin.est;nemas:e:U^:rru^ — «^ ^he rocks is very .similar toth.,f . / . "• "^''^ g<^"eral aspect of those south of Higl.rte Fal ° V m f n "^""^ '^ *'" "^P^^ ^-^^'•'-. St. Armand Centre Ir " '^' ™'"' '^^^ing south-west from dolomite bl^ 'i:'::';;;r '\Tr''' ''" '''' «^*^--' ^^« road at that place with h.^'f "" ""'^^ '""^'^ ^ These are thencLe^lt ^'''^'^^ "^^ ^"-*-^-- the road, a pro.i^ i:^:::^^!^ r:'^' ^ ^'^^ ^^ quartzite occurs. Fucoidd nv,..L^- ' ^"'o'^'te and A hill of sinnlar rocl t 1 T:' Z ""^ t'T' '"^ ''" '^''^^^ '-^■^• Franklin Centre • an Ion til " •'' ''^' °^ '^' ''"^'^ '^^^'"g ^o dary,theserieso;gra ish In^" f""',""'' ^"^' ^""''^ °^ ^'^^ ^»- like those seen at'Tl .'.h^l^ur;; ' '"' °r"?'"^ '"'°"^^'^ ^'^*-' village of East l' face of then, could be found t!!':^;:" T "'"'■'"'' "" north-west. Occasion;iI rinl.. •. 7 ", ^' ''"^^^■'"•. '« to the r."'..U.Iyrepresrr^X:,^: ;---;-'- slate, which n.^ iitho„,ican, .•esen.b^th^Jw^::;^:^:;^'' ^^^^ th^:s^::::',:«:!,^,;^:^;^'f"^« f-Dunha., after crossing lMvli,l..bur/villaJe rr "" "" '" *'"'" """ '" ^''« "^- -^t l^H.Kls occur which are seeTat Tn , ''""' '^'^^ *''« ^"'"-"'t^ Ar^and Centre al.: 'Xr:;";' ^ T^ '" ^'^ "^^^ *° «*' ti.ey are traceable to the bounkr 'of V ''""' P'"'"'^' ^»>*^"''^ ready described E. of Te 7 f """'' "'""" *''^'^ '"'^'" ''«- '^I" about one n.ile west of Abbott "0:;^^ ''"' \'"'' ^"^' Sreenchloritic .schists sli-hHv m! , ' '" *'°"*'''^'* ^^'i^h easterly to the va ey o I e C t^" '" f'""' "'"^' *'— xtend near the village oiLtol ''""' °' '""^ *''^^"«''"- l«-r ba:i::nir;:;^::r,^t;fdisr r^^^t '''-'-^' ^^^ Gear Brook, about half a nil t ' r,? '^^y;,"'^ ^^^ ^--^g of north-east, towards Sweetsburl r !^ ^'' ' 'aye corner ; while to the welt of tZ:zt:^^^^^^^^^^^ four, l,unha,n. Thev are alsl we een Tn ^ 1 "^'"'""' ""^^ nnle or so between lots thirteen!^ Ztee„ O^ '"""" '"]' ''''• ^ fifteen, a tongue of calcareous and sll y "k """'^ °" ^°^ line between ranges four and fi, / 7^ '°'"''' '" °» ^^^^^ cleaved Can,brianVattl ^ f ™ ^^^^^^ '^^^^^^^ ^'^ hard, .■icl,.e keeps a short distance to trrattoU If' "" T ""^' ''"' '^'^ as far as the cross-road on lot serern :lr: C""^" ''"I Je trace^d south.ard^o'hl' :T.:r^:tZ^::^ ^Y^ are all sifue, ^:":::^"^''i^':z'''' r--' ''''^''^ « J anu giayisli, liard, sandy or quartzose, IIU. CAMIIHIAN. Ol ■! cleave.l to the south-east, l.ut the dip of tlie ba.idin- is .enenilly to the .lorth-west. Near tlie top of a high hill on lot nineteen, ran-e one, beds of hard gray quart/.ite and slate dip N. 55 W. < 75', the rocks being well-bedded. This point is 350 feet above the river at Sweets- burg, and between this outcrop on the north sloj.e of the hill, and the forks of the road fron. We.st Hron.e, the hard quartz-veined dolomite band aga-.n shows in the fields and along the road. North of Sweets- burg, tins again appears and extends to the mountain near the forks of the road between lots three and four, range one. East Farnha.n. It IS hei-e overlain to the west by the calcareous slates of C.nvansville, which thence continue along the west side of Brome Mountain to West Shetlor.1. This band r-f dolomite, with the associated black and P'ay slates, may therefore, in this direction, be take.i as limiting, the Cambrian on the west, as far as the Brome Mountain. To the north of this mountain,^ about Waterloo, the rocks, classed Waterl... us Cambrian, are believed to be such because of their stratigraphical position between the green chloritic schists and the Trenton-Cha/y limestone, and from their general resemblance to those just described Ihey consist for the most part of grayish and greenish-gray .sandy slates, with occasional hard quartzose bands. The same hard -rreen slaty rock, with l^vnds .f black and gray and occasionally hard| green- ish-gray <,uartx.ite, are seen as far as IJoseobel Corner, and also on the road between that place and Knowlton Falls. At Bethel or North Ely hard sandstones with gray and black slates occur, the whole re- Xorth Flv semhhng the lower Sillery, and going eastward from this place, great ^ f ' ''I «'^*-^" ''"^ S'-'^y li^'-d «*vndy slates with quartz- veins, dip JN. oO W. < 70-; this is on lot twenty-four, range four, Ely The probable base of the Cambrian in this direction, is seen near lot one range one, Melbourne, on the road where it crosses into the township , M , ^'"tP^'"^"' *''^'-« '« ■'' 1"11 "f conglomerate rock, contain- Conglom- mg pebbles of white quartz and pieces of slate, which resemble the "'■''^"«- schistose-conglomerate beds described in the report for 1886, (p 26 j) as occurring at Stoke Mountain, Sherbrooke, .^-c, and which there fonn the base of the Cambrian rocks. Like them also, the rocks at this place are somewhat schistose and are associated with bands of hard sandstone and greenish slate. These conglomerates appea,' to be local developments, but the characteristic green slates and quartzites of thi« series can be traced for miles. scltt'2 .'''/""v',*''' ""T? '''■""'^ """^-^' ""^''^ P-^^^^'^S *'- g--^-" ^^-^ Trunk scl istose rocks which extend from Richmond westward to within two ""rl^Y "''"i unles of Lisgar station, Cambrian rocks are again seen. The first ""™ exposure of these is half a mile east of the 71st mile-post, where there 58 J QUEBEC. Lisgnr. Kingsey. li'Avenir. also veined witJi quartz AfUo^ ^^ ; "" *^- < bO . These are ."ile west of the 69th Lie It f'T IT'!' "'"'' '^ """^'^^^'^ °^ ^ sandy, have the sIT dT A^ '^^^^^^^^^^^ wrinkled woody-fibred siatP, ? ^ further west, hkek tainin, seatte^^^IrS ^H-;":^ ^ TT^' ^"^ T" dolomitic lin.estone, seem to incuLTX ^ «and.stone and of oUuartz .„,l'l,T ; "' ""* «"""«»<" "'■''■'•e and full „( grain, ot quartz and have mterstratilied beds of -reenkh .Infv „ 1 large veins of oiinrt^ Tk greenish slaty rock carrving byUi.:,:';::':, p^r; eTatridT"-'' " "? '»"" "°""' ...eenisb-weatheHng s„L,t„ H'ipl to w'™ ^^ bini.h-gray, el,,el™ t^ tte 11 of-Bi:, T'Ti"' '"■'"'■ "' I"™™— bands of quartzite «n^ K . , ^ graphitic limestones and slates of the Trenton ajid_thi^xtends^tji.east^rd into Shipton and Tingwick * ' *A„„«aIlieport, G.0I. Surv. Can.,lm, vol. 117^^^:^1^27:277- '0 CAMHUIAN. 59 J Another important area of tliese Cambrian rocks, is that seen on Ana. ast of the east side of the Sutton Mountain anticline. These rocks are pre- mI"?,',' ;., sumal>ly, ui part at least, the equivalents of the prolonged belt alonj,' the west side just described. The rocks of this area, however, difler in some respects from those of the west side of the anticline, more par- ticularly in the presence, at various points, of eruptive rocks, such as diorites, .&c., which in places are associated with serpentine and soapstone. In some respects the Cambrian of the eastern or Missis(|uoi Valley area, is easily confounded with the rocks of the Cambro-Silurian of the same section. Careful examination, however, enables us to clearly distinguish between the two series, though both are affected by the eruptive masses which form so important a feature in this part of the province. The principal stratified rocks in this area consist of slates and Oluiractor of .juartzites. The former are grayish, black, green and purple in i';Hur,';^;;" colour. The quartzite is generally hard bluish-gray, veined with quartz, ''""on. but sometimes is a true gritty sandstone, and the slates not infre- (juently contain interstratiHed hard snndy layers. The contact between the Cambrian slates and pre Cambrian schists near the Vermont boundary, is visible a short distance west of .Man- sonville station on the Canadian Pacific railway. To the east of this place, the rocks are generally black stained slates, much twisted and quartz-veined, and with occasional bands of quartzite. Just west of the station, the crystalline micaceous schists of the Hutton anti- cline come in, and thence extend westward to West Potton, and along the mountain road to Abercorn. Similar slates and quartzites are seen further north at the eastern extremity of the Bolton Pass road and in the valley of the Missis«|uoi River. North of Bolton Centre, these slates become much disturbed, and nmsses of diorite and serpentine are exposed between this place and the line of the Canadian Pacitic railway at Eastman. Between Eastman and Orford Moun- tain, the rocks are both slaty and cjuartzose, and purple-coloured beds are seen just to the west of the Orford Pond on the road to Bolton Roiton. Forest. While these rocks are of necessity much altered by the action of the dioritic masses, as is seen in the presence of the serpentines and in the schistose character of some of the beds, they do not, as a series, resemble the crystalline rocks of the central anticline. The construction of the Canadian Pacific railway through this district has furnished excellent opportunities for their stuily, and a paced section along the portion between Eastman station and Magog may here be described. 60 .1 QUEIIEC. f<<'ctii)ii on tli( Ciiimdiiiii I'licitiu niil- Wiiy Ix-tWcfn ICiiMtiimii. • ii'ftiitolitic l>Iuok HiateH. Contact with Orfoni Mdun tiiiii (lioritcN. Altori'd chat uftor at tlit> contact. Oil this section the rocWs nt ft.» ^.o- ^ . - to the pre-Cambrian both .• . '^'^''"'' ''''''' ^'^^u. the >^iluvian i"c-v iiiimnan, ijoth inclusive, are ret)m«pnfo,l tu wi • <';.lo.nitic slates and limeston.. extend nearly to th I^e het '" s xteen and sevonf««n \r ■ ^ ^" "'" ''"^ between ranges ci».ed ,„..<» „„„.„„„ wLt.„,. t\hJ : Lrt' I'lT" mountains of the Orford ran„P ^u- u ""^*''^"P'' "^ H'e dioritic alon- the L-rett lin« f f ^ ' "^ "P''"'"" *" ''''^^''' '"'"« through to the n^iddle'of Or on iol and f ""^""*"" ^''^""^^ ^•''^^"^' some uiiles both to the nor!h IHo jl!:'"' "^ '''' P^'^'"'-"* ""«« ^- ca!^r:^r; t 'S: '^'Wt "-"^-^ ^^-^ -^^-^ - "« ^^ tion. of thellck s Ites at 't^ "T"* '''""*°" »^'^P'°''^- ^ P- nottoolnghh! Itcta^^^ !,"""' "P"' °' the strata where have now'niad 're a tLtt: h "mT'' '^''"■"^^*^'-'^ "' ^'^^ -l^- Silurian system. " °"'^ ^"^ ^^^^'^ned to the Canibro- the pebbly series, highly clea /d the V '' ""T"' ' ''"^"^ ^'^^^ "^ much broken, being N. 85 E < g^'^^f ^^^^ /'--, where not too colour of the slates .radu-xllvn. ' "' " ^^^^^y-f^"-" y^'d«. the rock is much n^^re jt nted 1 "T \»^^y^^h-^"-" tint, and the baked aspect aZeZTotkt 2,1 7' !," ''"'" '"^^'"^ '^ ^-"* «'• a dyke of the diot' e T t > f -distance, tothecontact with bei4shatteredob:oker:;r:ti:: ""'^'^^^^ the sedimentary beds iCLte ^^'^^^T?"' """'*' J""^*'°" "i^h the slates again come in n'f. 7 " "'^'' '' '''"'''' ^'"^ ^^^^ -^^^^ main mass of the d ori ' Xch s ' t' "^ '^ ''"' ^' ^'^^ *«^*' *« ^'^^ and eoncretionaryt trucL re Tt " T «"^^^'"«'^^-y ^^ colour of serpentinous ItUr thl \ .T''''"*^^ '""'^'"^ "^ '"^^^^ ^"-"tity yards'holds a" I Ln "of tT ,' T'^'l '^"' ^^ *'« ^"^ «^ --"*-" which appears to ha'ete ct.,: t::"' l7 ^^^ ^ ^'--^-s. extend for eighty yards further f!t °"'''''"- ^''" ^""'«g« the .ioints of id^:;^ r:- t^^z :::r-- ^^^^^'^' ^^^-^ "I unci till our investigation in 1886. tiu.1 CAMBRIAN. 61 The cHontes of Oford Mountain then extend continuously to ( )rfor.l orf . x, Pond, the rock varying in character, Injin;. in place, a hard fine-grained tain .iLrit;'"" diorite, .n others a moderately coarse dial.ase with crystals of horn- blende or pyroxene, and in othera a coarse alm.wt syenitic rock, like portions of l{ron.e Mountain. At the east end of Orford Pond a cut- tiny in serper.tine marks the presence of a somewhat narrow hand of this rock, which appears to extend for some distance alony th.. western portion of the Orford Mountain chain, sometimes as a pure serpentine but elsewhere as a serpentinous diorite. In the centre of the cut is s..,,...nti,u. a band of black slaty rock, which on exan.ination is seen also to be a serpentine, and the west end of the cutting is in a soft dirty-reen similar mck, with what appears to be soft y.-lloxs ish-gn-en talcose matter, and with the appearance of an altered concretionary diorite. The second cutting, whi.h is a short distance west of that just de- s..con.l ct- scribed, begins in a rubbly or cmcretionary serpentine, light yellow- ""«* ish-green on jointag,- planes, with an appan-ntly bedded structure in places. This is followed by a band of grayish-green slates, highly altered, about three feet thick, the slaty cleavage well develope.l in the lower part and looking like a slaty dolomite. This again is underlain by hard generally fine-grained grayish dioritic-like r.K.k which may, however, be a hard altered qu.rtzo^e samlstone holding clear grains of disseminated quartz, it being almost impossible to de*^ ternwuo these sandstones in hand specimens, wh,m highly altered, from the diorites, the latter often having a bedded structure. The slates are brownish-gray on fresh surfaces and weather to a .siat.. .liorifH reddish-brown. The band of dioritic rock extends for thirty-two yards ■""' -n^" when serpentine again appears with a breadth of twenty yards This """' IS generally much shattered, at the end passing into the black slaty variety, which extend.s for sixty yards, to end of cutting, the nick being a soft talcose-looking slaty serpentine with lump.- of har-ler con- sistency. The next cut is on the west side of Orford Pomi and begins Cutting at Or- with crushed slaty serpentine for fifteen paces. Then a three foot ^'"^ ^""''• band of dolomitic rock occurs, extending up the face of the cut and ser- pentine again for thirty p.ices, to a dyke of hard line-grained dark- gray quartz-diorite, ten paces wide; then serpentine again much crushed and slaty for fifty-three paces to a second band of doloritic- rock seven paces wide ; lastly serpentine to end of the cut, for forty paces more. On the road, a short distance to the north, grayish- brown slates occur, cut by diorite, and on the road to the south are purple slates, with hard quartzose grits or sandstone.s. These are characteristic Cambrian strata. 62 J Ql'RBBC. C'uttiiijf went iif the JkiikI. .Soa|wt..m. f'liipli' 1111(1 «ri'i'ti Hlatcs I'list of Kiist tnaii. W 1 RofttI south from ^;a«t- iimii. Bronipton. wi:;'::;:r r:;:^;:;; -^:r"^T -- '"•• --". -^i-^ to hard bluish.,.,' .lioriti. \ r "^ ''"^•'"' ""•" '^ ff"P «to,.o. rusty ^ZpuTr-^^^^^^ r'\ r"' '" " '"""^ "^ -^p extends f,„. one hundml narP. . ' ""''' «'"'''*" ^>""<^ «ray, generally H„e-«.U refu U. "sT ' '^ "!:' ''^ •"'n'l'y.y. blackish- occasional p..,f,. .rhL.Jr.^'.rthrs t/'"^'!^ .rayish in colour, con.posed o/ blend C •' "i ^ ''"^' ^"■'""'"• '" turn cut by s„..l. dyke« of ..,,i:::;^J:'Z:, '''' ''"'" ^''■" '' iiotwecn this and Eastman, the rocks arf slaf, i . • of the beds contain talc and niea but h ' ''"''"'"^"- '^""'^' local alte..tion, since these hSlt^uZZrVr^ ""^ ^" gray, bkck and purple slates of ' ""•^^''> ''*'"*"'-'"^'ed w.th j,.rec„, -oks are .lolonnti!, and t le d In.iUc ^T" ''''T '" ^''"•^'^ ^'-- Eastman contain buuls . rsernr l" "? *'" '"""^ ««"»'> ^rom -d past Or..rd Pond *: iX F ^^ Xti Tk- ^^ "'^ ""^^" are well seen, the serpentine bein. int mate tl l .^"^f ""^ '^''^'^« -Kl green variety, some of whic^h d' bZ t" ) ""'"^'^^ are quite schistose. After crossiu-. tl . , * '"•"'^t post-office viII.«e,thec;doriticandmicacer Lt?^ h' TT "' ^^''^*"^'^" the cuttings to the west and tl.l T ? ''"*"^' '^•^'«'"'« «''^» ^ distance of neari; a rilttn^^^^^^^ "•''' " ^^-^"^t dip to a the Sutton Meu.iin alllilZ ^ S^: iT'i;' ^'"^^'^ ''' ^^'^ ''^ .mica-schist. On the road leadinV . '""'"" '" '^''^^'l^i^h Huntingdon mine, the ^1^:^:: t^^';,^""- ^^"^^^^ ^^^ green, black and gray and d;irL- J. ,. P'^"^, ''"'t'^^- These are bright beds of green ^^'^^^ piind, h«'^i(is y puc's to hard iHssivt" hut inter- t-'exi tlitrii a gap I blind of Koap ill piufs, and on rtl green dioritc s- A short dis- f'liyiy, hlackish- iil)lende and an dvke of granite, I mien which is ihistONp, Home ifirently due to ted with green, 'n i)la(.'es these Md south from On the niuiii inds of slates vitli the purple 'rest post-otfice ' it East mini ixis are seen in least dip to a ■f the axis of ig ill blackish village to the ese are bright They have lurnerous out- ed. and it need only be said of this belt that it is the extensi.m to the south-west of that depicted on the map of the south east .|uarter-8heet, (iHHfi), as extend ing from the St. Francis Kiver be' -en Wi,„|sor .Mills and the slate quarries of MellH.urne ami Clev .,and. v ■• >re these rocks have a breadth of between eight and nine mi; s. The .s -Dentine outccps appear in this belt almost as far norti a. Wind.s.. Mills, but these will be described later. There are two other areas of Ca„.orian rocks to be described in this rambnu, .section, both of which are limited in extent. The most easterly is an in- "/ ^. '"' folded ba.sin in crystalline schist in the townsl.ip.s of Stukely and l!<.lton ■^'"''''''*'" where certain black wrinkled slates, with frequent i.ieces of purple slates occur to the south of the road from Xorth Stuk.>ly to Ste. Anne e piece." of tZ quartz 1 hey do not resemble the pre-Cambrian schists so much as he altered Cambrian rocks, such as are seen on the Canadian Pacific railway west of Orford Mount.iin. Pot.c,a,n«a,K,. The areas of Potsdam san.lstone north and west of the St. Lawrence to tile Calci feroiis. stone refeiTfd i , , '"^ "ui i/n u have already been descHbed and mapped. Although a re-examination of this section was recently made, nothing further of in.portance con- cern.ng the distribution of the Potsdam was ascertained, the area be- ing argely drift-covered, and no ""iuio. Pre-Camurian. Rocks west of •St. Lawrence .,, , ,. desoriberl Will be (USCUSSed. ■separately. In this report the pre-Cambrian areas east of the St. Lawrence only 111 be ,hscu.ssed. The Laurentian rocks west of that river, ,„orI especially in the country north and east of St. J.=rome, form a division distinct in character from the crystalline schists of the Eastern Town- ships They have been very thoroughly studied by Dr. F. D Adams both in the field and in the laboratory, and his remarks upon the a I will be found in a supplementary chapter. The crystalline rocks of that part of the " Eastern Townships," con.- pnsedin the area here described, have been already indirectly r;ferred to in previous reports, as constituting the most westerly of the three anticlines which are found in south-eastern Quebec.t The early views as to the structure of this series of rocks have been a reac^ given m the report just referred to, as well as their relati n! o the overlying Cambrian and other systems, and need no further reference in this place. It may, ho.ever, be mentioned that the early SuSe^r'^^: *^« ^^ructureof the Sutton Mountain rocks, according o u:!f.";:2!"""- ^'Toul^' "'" ''''''''"' *" ^ -tamorphic portion of the fossillfer- ous Quebec group, were tirst publicly challenged by Dr. T. S. Hunt in 1871,J, and subsequently and officially by Dr. Selwyn in 1877. Li the Report of Progress for 1847-48 (p. 52), the anticlinal structure of the Sutton Mountain ridge is indicated, but at that date these rocks were *(ieolopy of Can da, 18(i3, p. (W. " t.Annual Report. Oeol. Surv. Can., 18S" unci ,i.i, .i, thel^iebec gi-oup." ' ''' ''^•^"' ^-*'- '• ^'^''^'•ry Hunt, "The History of tiu.l PRE-CAMUniAV. 65 J crystalline schists were the cniivalpnt nf n v •,-.; t'^t the group was still .naintainecl. ' ''" ^•^^■''"'^— ^"ehec The Sutton Mount-un range is the extension into Quebc of the p ■ Cxreen Mountains of Vermont It pons,«tv t ■ "^ '^^"e Piomiiifrithill ol«,-,.f 4.> .1 .-, ^'^ ''""^•^^« ot a prominent nW're the ^••""'■•'■■<- »rl,„ „p„,.t to be„l,„„t 4000 f,,.. nl,„v. U,, „.,.'.,., ,1 ,'" ''"""""'PI' '"I"'™ ■="■> »refull,,„„rtai„„l, h„„..v , : r ,-n. „, .,» s«e„„ „„„„. „,, , ^,„.,„;;;;: ^;;'- ;>';i;;8;»- Ho .n. K„. B.,.„„. ,„,„„ ..„ „,i, j;:;;::;;.,'* ;,:;: ;;; : ■ -- .structure c,,„ bo well ,«„ „„ l„tl, tl.c.e lines of eclio, tTI .»^i.ue s„„i.., „, u™ „„,e .„., ,„, .11,,, ,, J; :;; ;, ^ ■■.»■ >!'., the gne,s,,c, micaeeon,, ,n,„i„„e „„,, t„lco,e ,d,ists „f ,1 , ».e„e, „t green, ehl„,.i,,i„, ,el,i„„» ,„h, „,„„,, .,n,ti,„, " ; t.^^ v ™p.„bl, port,o„, flanking .be een.,,1 „,.e„ „f .ehi.t, t he w^ »nd extending ,,.o„ the Ve„,„nt l.,„„,l„,y ,„ tl, i. K™ eij b a» v,c,n,t, „, Hiclnnond. This »o„„d or chloritie ,1 ""^^ ....cl, .,,..„e .be v,d,e, .. ^Zl^ ^^Z ^>:^!i:^" The line of the an.ielinal „xi, of the e.n.ml „re» i, e,,ilv ,. :-*^™dJ»^een dete™^^^^^^^^^^ „,„,. ,^, J, l::^J^^ *Gp.)I.)gy „f Canada, 18(i3, p. 261. ~ ^ iitaiit II l . 66 J VUEltEC. Anticliiml axis of the Sutton Mouii tuiii range. Its'jKjsitioii. Chloritic schists. C()|)|HT (IIV of Pinnacle Mountain. across the range. At the south-west extremity it crosses the road west of Man.sonville, in the vicinity, or just to the west, of West Potton post-office, the dip of the crystalline schists thence to Abercorn being north-weaterly, while towards Mansonville station the dip is to the south-east. The strata are affected by local crumplings, but these do not disturb the general direction of the dips. On the roail through the Bolton Pass, the axis of the anticline passes " short distance west of the fork of the road on lot twenty- eight, range three, Bolton, the same regular divergence of dips Ijeing .seen to the east and west of this place. On the line of the Canadian Pacific railway, this axis is seen in a small cutting one mile west of Eastman station. Further north, it passes just west of the village of North Stukely, and still further in this direction it is recognized in close proximity to the road through Melbourne Ilidge about lot fifteen, range three, Melbourne, whence it continues across the St. Francis River into the township of Cleveland. In all these places the reverse dips from the central axis are easily recognizable for some miles in either direction. This anticlinal structure of the range was discussed and pointed otit by Dr. Selwyn in a paper read before the Royal Society of Canada in 1882.* The distribution of the chloritic schistose portion is somewhat im- portant from the economic standpoint. In character it preset^is the features of a dioritic rock which has undergone very considerable metamorphism, by which the mass has assumed a schistose structure. The presence in certain portions of amygdules, which have also been drawn out or elongated in the shearing process, is evidence of its originally eruptive origin. The colour varies from dark green to purple. In their most southerly extension, these rocks are well seen on the road from Frelighsbui-g to A.bercorn. They come to the surface ,l)out one mile west of Abbott's Corners, where they have a nleavagi to the south-east, though the dip of the bedding-planes is doubtful. Thence to the Pinnacle Mountain, these rocks present good exposures, and are sometimes schistose and at others massive. They are precisely similar in character lo the rocks seen at St. Armand and Rochelle in Stukely, and on the hill to the east of Waterloo. On the south side of the Pinnacle Mountain, a deposit of copper ore was worked for several years, but finally abandoned. Similar rocks extend to the valley of the North Branch of the Missisquoi River at the village of Abercorn on the east side of which the mica-schists appear, as well as in Aber- corn village. These rocks dip north-westerly and underlie the green •Trans. Royal Soc. Can., 1882, vol. I., sec. IV. "The Queliec Group in (Jeolo^." ■•] PRE-CAMBHIAN. rocks last described. The breadth of these green, chloritic and dioritic rocks in this section is about six miles. In the north-west portion of the township of Sutton, these rocks are Copper .U- well seen on tiie road from Sutton Junction west throuf,'h North {,7'''" ",' '^"'• Sutton. Both here and in the southern portion of Bronie, thev contain BnVn"! deposits of copper and iron, the characters of which have been given fully in ray report on the " Mineral Resources of Quebec "* The min- eral-bearing character of these rocks is seen at a number of i)oints thence northward to the St. Francis Kiver, and several mines were at one time located on this belt. These hine, however, long .since been abandoned, the ore, while being sufficiently rich in copper, not being concentrated in the .several lodes in quantity sufficient to repay the cost of its extraction. The belt becomes narrower as we proceed north, and in Melbourne has a breadth of not more than two miles and a half. The general schistosity of the rock dips to the north- west, and it is overlain by the slaty and quart^ose beds of the Cam- brian as seen in the St. Francis River, already described, and in the township of Cleveland. That these pre-Cambrian rocks have been greatly disturbed at a Distributi , comparatively recent date, is shown by the pre.sence of areas of Cambro- "f l'""-Ca.n- Silurian strata, as in Ely and Stukely, which conform in cleavage with ^'"""■"-■'^^• the underlying schists, as well as in that of black slates presumably of Cambrian age at several other points. The age of the green, schistose, dioritic portion is to some extent Geolo which, in this direction, continues from Massawippi Lake nearly to Momphremago- Lake. On the road from Magog to Fitch liay, past the east side of Lovering Pond, green mica-schists are seen at the brook-(;rossing, just south of tiie Stanstead township-line, on lot twenty-eight, range seven, of Slanstead. They li.-re undeilie black, wrinkled, ijuart/ vein.'d slates <.f Cambrian aspect, and are exposed' nearly to the village of Fitch Bay, at which place also they are underlain by similar slates, (!,(> position of tlie latter being pre-ninably due to overturned structure, and possibly to faulting. On the road from Massawippi Lake to F'itch Bay, one-)ialf mile from the forks of the load, a hill of green chloritic schist with some whitish mica, occurs; dip N". .").-) \V. < 75 , while yrcenish and grayish mica-.schists with clear grains of (juart/ are seen along the road south of the Jhmker Hill ridge which extends from :\rassawippi Lake to Fitch Bay. As we approach the latter place, the gi'een schists reccule from the road and 'edges of black and bluish-gray pyritous slates come in, dipping N. 60^ ^^'. < 60. These slates hold sandy bands and the surtWes are frequently minutely wi'inkled, while in other places they are smooth and shining, and contain small iiregular quartz-veins. They are distinctly different in character from the schistose beds, and in the former maps of the area were classed in the Upper Silurian series like the rocks west of Slierbrooke. The green chloritic schist apparently constitutes the bulk of the ridge known as Bunker Hill, to the .south-west of ]V[assawippi Lake. The extension of this ridge to the west of Fitch Bay is seen in similar chloritic schistose rock on the road ascending the hill to (Jeorgeville, ■ as well as on the road to (Jeorgeville from the Nariow.s, about two miles s uth-west of the village of Fitch Bay. The rock has very much the same character throughout, viz., that of a schistose altered dioritic rock, occasionally with micaceous bands, and often containing clear grains of quartz. Ledges of this rock crop out as far west as the road from ]Vrauoon's Point to Oeorgeville, near the crest of the ridge, on lots thirteen and fourteen, range two. Stanstead. These rocks apparently are more closely allied to the green chloritic schists of the west slope of the Sutton Mountain area than to the gneissic schists of the central axis. They do not appear on the east side of Memphremagog Lake south of Fitch Bay, the position which thoy -vould have occu'^ pied in their extension being taken up with granites and black r,lates and by aiuygdaloidal diorites. Tliis whole area is so greatly affec- ted with dykes and faults that formations of very diverse age are now intimately associated. VOLCANIC AND I'LLTOXK' HdCK.S. Geen exerted on all these rocks, and which has converted the fossiliferous Silurian slates in places into micaceous schists. As to the exact age of the granitic rocks of the Eastern Townships, we have no directly conclusive evidence in this region. They have long been regarded as belonging to the Devonian peri^itl, but this \iew was doubtless, to a great extent, due to the fact tliat they were known to alter rocks of supposed Upper Silurian ag(>, and therefore should be newer than the rocks altered. Since that time, however, it has been ascertained that the rocks penetrated by the granites are not Upper Silurian, but something much older, belonging in part to the Trenton formation and in part to the Cambrian or ev<.n to the pre-Cambrian ; while in no case yot seen by us in the Eastern Townships of guebec do granitic rocks penetrate I'pper Silurian sediments. From the highly altered character, however, of the fossilifei ous Silurian, and from the presence of dykes of trajipean rocks, it is probable that the a;.;e of the granites is not far from the close of the Silurian period. The action of these granites upon the .slates in contact has already been described.* The limestones are rendered micaceous, and the •Annual Kcpoit, (ii.(,l. .Smv. Can., l,sS(i, vol. fl. (N.S.). p. :{tl,i. Viiriiius kinds of volciuiic rotliH. Ihl tho shore of the lake, the contact, of granite with the slatos a,..d hmestmes is well seen, the granite o-curring as dykes or protruioons from the main mass into the stratified rorks. Another dyke-like m^ss, distinct from that Just r.cmtioned, is seen a short distance west of the village of Stanstead, and ■. described in the Geology of Canada (p. 4.35), as extending from the fourth lot of townirip '""'^^ *° ^^^ thirteenth lot of the eleventh range of the Concerning the mode of occurrence of the granite at these places, It IS remarked in the volume just quoted that* "it appears to dis- place the calcareous strata, which it penetrates, as these are observed to dip from It in several places. On the fifth lot of the fifth range. [Stanstead] on the east side of the road, within a short disUnce of the edge of the granitic nucleus, a great number of dykes of the granite are seen, cutting the basset edges of the limestone beds ; the whole having been worn down to a horizontal surface. Some of the main dykes are from two to three feet in breadth, and divide into a multitude of irregular and reticulating branches, many of which are no more than the eighth of an inch wide. In the face of an escarpment, which rises from^he granite nucleus to this horizontal .surface, a large dyke, of which all source ''' """' ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ramifications, can be traced down towards its Another limited granitic area is found on the shore at Magoon's Point, on the east side of the lake, just north of th ■ ., ance to Fitch Hay. It occupies the shore on lots twelve and "„,te..n, range one, •Geology ot <. -.j.^a, 18(i3, p. 434. '" Illl.J VOLCANIC AND PLUTONIC ROCKS. 71 J Stanstead, where it is in contact with black inm stained slates, and on several small islands a short distance off the shore, granite also occurs, the alteration of the slates in contact into staurolitic schists being visible in every case. These granitic rocks furnish a very excellent building stone, and quarries have been opened in both the principal masses, not only on the Canadian side, in that near the boundary, but on the Vermont side as well. The granite is white in colour, with black mica, and has already been described in previous reports. The series of eruptive mountains like that of Montreal, and includ- Eruptive ing those of the country east to Shefford, has already been very fully "',"""'/ ^j",^ gj examined and described by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt.* The microscopic Lawrence, examination of the rocks of the great eruptive masses of Potton, Orford and Brompton has not yet been completed, though their distribution has been mapped. As a comparison of the principal features of the rocks of the two areas will be of great importance in throwing light upon the relative age of the two series of eruptions a brief description of the most important masses found in the St. Lawrence basin, taken from Dr. Hunt's report of 1858, is here given. In the Report of Progress for that year, on page 177, Dr. Hunt says : — "The hills lying to the west of Brome and Shefford are, in the order of their succession, Yamaska, Hougemont, Behi'il, Montarville, Blount Royal and Rigaud, all of which are intruded through Lower Silurian strata. A few miles to the south of Beheii is Mount Johnson or Monnoir, another intrusive mass, which, although .somewhat out of the range of those just mentioned, apparently belongs to the same .series. The mineral composition of these intrusive masses varies con- siderably, not only for the diflerent mountain.s, but for different por- tions of the same mountain. "f The Mountains of Brome and Shefford, in which are included also Brome and the Gale Mountain, which constitutes the western part of the mass of '^'"'*'^'"''^* Brome Mountain, are in that report regarded as one great trachytic mass. The rock from the west .side of Brome Mountain, near the village of West Shefford, is said to be " coarsely crystalline, lavender- gray in colour, and contained a little brown mica, sphene and magnetic iron, but no hornblende. "J This portion of the mountain is largely a elieolite syenite. *R«I)ort of Progress, (Jeol. Surv. Can., 1858, pp. 173-188 ; Geology of Canada, 1863, p. 667, &c. tReport of Progress, Geol. S\irv. Can., 1868, p. 177. tlbkl., p. 175. Rookof.Sli.f. ford Moun- tain. Jlionit^^Ioim- tain. Yania«kii Mountain. Quarry. " ■ VUEDEC. A specimen from the south side of Shefford Mountain is described as a coarse, gra^^ish-white felspar, with a little black n,ica and closely re.sen.bled that just de.scribed ; ' while a second pi o ''co. a.ned a httle black brilliant hornblende in crystalline glins aCt the s.e of tho^e of rice, with sn.all portions of magnetite an.l yeirow sphene, d.ssennnated in a base which, although completely cl-ystal- line, was more coherent and Hner grained than that of Jiro.ne." The rock of the Brome or Cale Mountain has lately been used in bu.ld.ng ti,e church at West .Shelford, and n.akes a handsome stone for that purpo.se, .splitting out in large blocks and dressing easily. Yamaska Mountain is eleven miles north-west of Shefford Mountain While the mass differs in character at various points, the ..reater portion IS stated in Dr. Hunt's rep,.rt to be ^'a granitoid tr:., rock, which ditters from that of Brome and Shefford in b..in. some- what more micaceous and n.ore fissile."* A large .juarry ha" lately been opened on the north-west flank of the mountain, at an elevation of about 400 feet above the Black River at St. Pie, for paving stone for the city of Montreal. The rock quarried is of a dark ..ay colour apparently composed of giuyish fehspa.-, nepheline, ho,.„birnde and black m.ca, with a little ,uartx, is n,ode,ately fine g.-ai.ied, and sph s and dresses well. This rock therefore belongs to the class of the nepliel.ne syenites. !>• Hunt further remarks of this mountain that its south-e.stern side oilers a composition enti.-ely diffe.ent f.-om the last, bein.^ a do ente made up of a pearly or white crystalline t.-anslucent felspar, with black brilhant hornble.ule, ilmenite and n.agnetic non This rock IS sometimes rather Hne-grained, though the elements a^e always veo' d.stinct to the naked eye. while in other portions large cleavage su,-facesof felspar half a.i inch i.i breadth a.^e .net with, which ex- hibit in a ve.'y beautiful manner the striie characteristic of the ooly- synthetic macles of the triclinic felspars. The associated c^vstals of hornble.Kle are always much smaller and less distinct, fo.'ming with grains of felspar a matrix to which the larger felspar cystals give a porphyritic a.spect. Finer grained bands, in which magnetite and ilmen.te predominate, traverse the coarser portions, often reticulaUnc • while the whole ,nass is occasionally cut by dykes of a whitish or brown,sh-gray trachytic rock, which is often poi-phyitic. If, as is not improbable, these dykes belong to the great t.achytic portion of the mountain,^would show that here as in Mount Koyal the trachytes • Reix)rt of Progrens, Geol. Surv. Can., ]8o,*, p. I77. '•] VOLCANIC AND PLUTONIC ItOCKS. are more recent than the dolerites or diorites, but the rehitions of these (lifierent rocks have yet to be made out."* Of the two mountains just d.s.rihed, it n.ay here be remarked that I'r,.l,al,l,. li„.. the more easterly, viz., that of Brome, and Shefford, occurs alon-/" ''""'• the line of contact between the Cainbro-Siluriaa and Cambrian rocks, while the Yamaska Mountain is situated on the lino of fault between the Sillery division of the Can.brian and the Lower Trenton formation. It is probable that the ShefV.-d and JJrome extrusion is also alon« a fault line the presence of which is not ,so clearly indicated as that on which Yamaska Mountnin lie.s, though the amount of dioritic matter is much greater at Brome. Mount Johns»>n or Monnoir, is a small mountain as compared with .Mo,„,t .r„l,n. the others of the district, but is .ulliciently conspicuous with its son.e- "'"• what cone-shaped peak. It is situated about six miles north-east of the city of St. Johns and fourteen miles south-wcstof Yamaska Moun- tain. The rocks surrounding it are presumably of Utica-Lorraiue a-e though outcrops are very rare in the flat country from which it rises." ' Dr. Hunt says of this mountain that "it is composed of a diorite which in general aspect greatly resembles that of Yamaska except that It IS rather more felspathic ; the tiner-grained varieties are lighter coloured and exhibit a mixture of grains and small crystals of felspar wuh hornblende, brown „,ica and magnetite. Frequently however the rock. .s much coarser grained, consisting of a mixture of felspar grains with slender prisn.s of black hornblende often half an inch lun^. and one-tenth of an inch broad, and numerous small crystals of amber^ coloured .sphene."t R.^cent investigations on the ,ock of this mountain sho^v that n.uch of it also belongs to the class of the nepheline syenites. Belo.il or St Hilaiie Mountain, is situated about midway between 15,.l,..ilMu„n- 31ontreal and the lamaska xMountain, a short distance east of the **"'■ liichelieu River, near the line of the Grand Trunk railway, [t is due north from .Mount John.son, and on the hypothesis that these eruptive masses cau.e up along north-and-south lines of fracture, would probably lie in continuation of the fault which extends from near Lacolle to St. Johns. The rock is generally a grayish eheolite syenite not unhke. in some respects, that of Mount Johnson, as well as that ot certain portions of Yamaska Mountain. Rougemont lies nearly on a north-west line between Yan,aska and Rougcnun.t. iiel.eil. Certain portions of the ma.ss resemble those of the mountains .lust mentioned. OJ^er portions are a " coar.«e-grained dolerite in • Report of Progre«H, GeoL Surv. Can., 1858, ,,. 178. f Il,i,l., ,,,, 17.1-8O. 74 J yUEIlEC. Montiirvillo Miiuiitaiii. Montreal Mountain. which ausri'; ,^i''atly , 'lomiiiates ; ),'nviii8 of felspar are present, andi a litil" ■'' ,K'miii;'»( 1 carbonatf of lime. * ♦ ♦ This rock approaches closely the liigUly augitic rlolerite of Montarville. The olivine which characterizes the latter mountain is also very abundant in two varieties of dolerite from Rougcmont. One of these consists of a grayish-white finely ;.,'ranular felspathic base in which are disseminated well-dt(ined crystallized grains of black augite and amber coloured olivine, the latter sometii: ■ i l:;,.. .i ■ crystals. The proportions of these elements vary in the same sf>ecimi;n, the felspar forming more than one-half the mass in one part, while in the other the augite and olivine predominate. By the action of the weather the felspar 'acquires an opaque white surface, upon which the black lustrous aunite and the rusty-red decomposing olivine appear in strong contrast."* The rock of this mountain resembles very closely that of the basic jwrtion of Montreal Mountain. The Montarville or Bouclierville Mountain is the most westerly of the series east of the St. Lawrence, and is eight mile.s due east of Longueuil on the bank of that river. The olivinitic character of much of the rock of this mountaii. i^ pointed out by Dr. Hunt in the report from which the preceding remarks are taken. Two p»i ■ ;^)al kinds of rock here appear, the one a highly augitic dolerite, the other an olivine drtjerite in which the olivine is "in rounded crystalline masses from one- tenth to half an inch in diameter, associated with a white or gr'(ii,i^ir in nepheline. Under the microscope i' is seen tc be made up of labraciorite, reddish-violet augite, brown i limbic nde and brown n.ii%a. Ohvme is present in many part f the ,iiss, as well as titanite apatite ind other accessory constitu os. t>pheline is present only in very small amount and hauyne cai >e o(. ionally detected. "On the northern side of the mountain this th< lite is seen to be broken through by a second intrusion consisting of nepheline syenite. *Re|iort of ProgreHS, tieol. Surv. Can., 1858, p. 1H4. f Ihid., \i. 182. -1 VOLCANir A :j PLUTONIC HOCKH. 75 J TJus rock is much lighter in colour and can be observed to send arms ..ut into tho theralite. It is composed ,.s8entialiy of orrhsoclase nep- liehne and j-reen hcrnbleride, with small (juantities of pliigioclase, I)yroxenp, garnet and nosean and other accessory minerals. Dr. Harrington has also found sodalite in it in several places. "Both of these rocks, as well as the Trenton limestone and Utica shales of the neighhourhood, are cut th.ough hy a large number ..f dykes, still more recent in age, which vary greatly in cha.acter and have not as yet l,....n thoroughly studied. They belong however to the bostonite-tinguait.-monchi<)uite series of dyke-rocks which are con- sanguineous with, and usually accompany occurrences of nepheline syenite. They are now b^ing studied by Dr. Harrington and my.self. A dyke of ainoite found at Ste .ne de ISellevue is probably also connected with the Mount lioyal intrusion." On the west side of the St. Lawrence and on either side of the Lake of Two Mountains, two prominent liills are seen which may perhaps belong to the same period of eruption as those just mentioned. Of HiKa.ul these Kigaud Mountain, on the south side of the lake, rises to a height -^'"""t'""- of 750 to 800 feet above it, and e.xtends south-west for several iniLs. The rock of the mountain presents diflerent characters at different points It is in part a reddish orthoclase rock apparently a syenite, like some found in the Laurentian area, generally coarsely crystalline ill e that of ShefTord and Gale mountains; while other portions are tfly made up of reddish felsite, which is sometimes fi<)rphyritic ^till oth. .arts of the mountain consist of a coarse-grained liornblende diorite, Mch crystals of black mica are found. This rock is also like much oi the dioritic rock found in the Laurentian west and north of Ottawa, Mont Calvaire, on the north side of the Lake of Two Mountains, is Mo„t CU also composed largely of syeniti.' or granitic rocks, generallv red in "^•""• colour, in places foliated but resembling the reddish s :iiied gneiss of the Laurentian. Other portions of the mountain consist of diorite, trappean rocks, gabbros, and on the north-east flank i.s a patch of brownish breccia, like that found at St. Helen's Island and on Isle Bizard. This mountain, like those of Rigaud, Montreal, etc , appears to be an intrusive mass of comparatively recent date, and to have cut the Potsdam and Calciferous rocks of the vicinity. It will ue seen that in several of these intrusive masses of Alteration „f the St. Lawrence basin, olivine forms a very important part of ^ZtuV""^'' the rock constituents, but in none of them has sufficient alteration '"" ""^' apparently taken place to pro.'-.ce serpentine to any extent. The 7« .1 Vt'KIIEC. wot of .M..| phit'iuuKiiK LaKc, iiiul Klipliiin- tis. Study of the eustern serion of these eruptive peaks will, when fomplfted, be of very <,'rcut ititerest, since in some of them the alteration of the oliviiu' into serpentine hits iiiready Ixen accom- plished. A I .limimuy microsiopiciil examination 'if some of these was inadf in 1S82 f>y I^r. F. D. Adams,* from wliicli it was ascrtained that the principal mountain masses such as Owl's Mfitd, Orfoid Moun tain and kindred areas*, are in some cases altered dialiaaes. In the section to the west of Lakt- Memplirema>,'og, beginnint,' at the Wrmont boundary, and extending in a north custcrly direction thence for about thirty-live miles, is a pnmiinent chain of these eruptive hills. The avcrag(! breadth of this belt is about four nnles, and in it are situated several very conspicuous peaks, among which, begintung at the south, ar,' Bear and Hawk mountains, across tln^ former of which the International boundary line passes; the Owl's Head, rising about 1700 feet above the shore of Lake Memphremagog, and Klephaiitis or Sugar Loaf -Mountain, the eastern outline of whose summit reveals the broken-down lip of a huge crater-like depression on the side next to the lake, occupying the central portion of the mountain mass. In coiitinuation of this to the riorth, ai'c the Hog's Hack .Mountain, the Peevy Mountain, and several otiicr prominent hills in the innnediate vicinity, the local names of which were not asceitained. These elevations are principally to the west of, and a short distance from, the arm of the lake known as Sargent's J>ay, between the lake and the valley of the upper Missi.s(|Uoi Itiver. From these a cluiin of medium- sized hills extends through the eastern part of liolton township to the line of the Canadian Paeilic railway, east of Orford Pond, just to the Oifonl Monii- north of which rise- the great nia.ss of theOrf(»rd Mountain, the hiahest peak in the chain and probably in this entire section, with an elevation of 2130 feet above the surface of Lake Memphremagog. This moun- tain extends northward to Oi'ford Lake, beyond which, on the west side of Brompton Lake, are two prominent masses known as the Car- buncle and Bare mountains, the foi'mer being about 500 feet and the latter about ToO feet above JJrompton Lake, which is aljout seventy- five feet higher than Lake Memphremagog. Between these hills and the Orford Mountain the eruptive area is indicated by a series of less prominent dioritic ma.sses, in which serpentine occurs to some extent ; and, cro.ssing to the east side of J'.rompton Lake, large masses of the latter rock are conspicuous about the west shore of Key Pond or Webster Lake and between this lake and the lower end of Brompton Lake. Thence to the vicinity of Windsor Mills, small outcrops of ser- pentinous rocks occur from two to .oUr miles south of that village. •Report <.| E'togresH, (Jeol. Surv. Can., 1881-82, pp. !1 a, 22 A. lirolliptnl L3;i ■] VOtCAJJir AND PLUTONIC HOCKS. 77 .1 The rocks through whieli th.'s.. eruptive inii.s8..s riso ari' of various v.,,^,,,,,,, nges. For a (list.iii,.,. of from tiirec to four miles west of the-"'"''''"" shore of .Meinphreiiui-,.^ Lalve, the slates are principally of Caiui)ro- Silurian age, witli oceasional areas of Silurian or Devonian, eh.sely infold.'d. The ,„..re westerly poriir.n of the area of eruptive rocks is assoeiated with rucks of Canihriaii a«e, for the most part slates an.l .,uart/.ites already described, whih- great areas „( dioriii.- rueks -HMU-r in the underl\iiig or pre-Cambrian system. That all of tlie^e eruptive rocks are of the same age is not prol'mMe, in fact the di(r,.r,.n.e in their clmrmter in the difr.Ment aivas, and th.,r associations in certain ciwe.s, tend to establish their different ages. Comparing the eruptive rocks of the Mcmphremagog Lake district ,.,„„ ,„j ,,„ ,. with those of the plain of the St. Lnvreme, two principal points ,,f ^M'^HTI^t aViil diiferenre at once present themselvs. Thus in the western an^.L^^^i'^^t^la the nUrusions are in rocks comparatively unaltered, and for th.- most *f./,','|',"''''"'" part tiat-lying shales and limestones (ille.l with fossils, and where '""' alteration occurs this is at the contact with the |,t,m,te, and they all cut the slaty 'aiui ealearenn, r,iks !v hic'h 80 .1 QUEDKC. Ser|«'iitini' of Oifonl StiMiii- tiiiii. soapstoiif Scrpeiitiii Hioinptiiii iiml Wclister Liik< '.s. Serpentine very rarely, if ever, occurs in the diorite masses which penetrate the Carahro-Silurian of this section. Thus in tiie Owl's Head, Elephantis and Hog's Back mountains there is no trace of it as yet seen. In the Orford Mountain the only serpentinous portion is a narrow belt of about 200 feet wide on the west Hank of the moun- tain, which may belong to another eruptive mass. Hut in the Cambrian division of the Mis-jis([uoi Valley, the association of serpentine with diorite is frequently seen in the belt of dioritic rocks which extends from the Vermont boundary to Eastman, and which are in close prox- imity of the pre-Cainl)rian iis seen on the roads from Bolton Centre to the Canadian Pacitic railway and in the country about (. ,d to the west of Orford Pond and Jiolton Forest . Here also are heavy beds of M.ignisitcaiil niagnesite with some bands of soapstone, and the rocks pi'esent kJI kil I lutl till . P • V» rt ■ features diHerent from those seen in the eruptive masses near the lake. To the north of Orford ^fountain, which appiuently is intrusive along the line of contact between the Camiirian .uid Cainbro-Silurian, other large masses about Lake Fraser, Bonallies or Orford Lake, f Lon^f Lake, liroTniitoii . Lake and Webster Lake or Key Pond, contain a very considerable adniixtuiy of serpentine with the diorite. These masses are surrounded by the purjile and green slates and hard sandstones of Cambrian age.' The passage of the diorite into sei'pen- tine is well seen at several points about the shore of Lf)ng Lake, which is near the eastern line of the townshi[) of Wtiikeiy. Just west of this lake aie ledges of slaty serpentine in contact with black and greenish slates, the character of the former being such as to present the aspect of an altered slate, wliile the slates themselves ap{)ear to be frequently highly serpentinous. The two mountains on the west side of Bromp- r'iirlMinclfiuul ton Lake, viz., Carbuncle and Bare niountain.s, .n.re made upof a mixture Hull- Mnim- „ ,. 1 1- •, , , , taiiiN. ot serpentine and diorite ; and to the north-west of these, extending for a couple of miles, large ridges of serpentine are seen, bounded on the west by dark purple-rod slate, in which the new slate quarry of Bromjjton Gore is loc ited. Tn several small islands near the eastern shore of Brompton Lake, not far from the old nickel mine, the vai'iety of serpentine known as diallage is seen, the crystallization being in liroad platy masses, and patches of red crystalline limestone are found adhering to the serpentine at several points, as if the latter had been an erup'ed rock through the limestone. At the nickel mine, three-fourths of a mile from the east shore of the lake, on lot six, ivinge thirteen, Orford, the serpentine is mixed with purple and green slates and limestones in thin bands, the bands of slate in places, twisted and caught in the mass of the in- trusive rock. These slates are part of the Cambrian series. OrfonI nickel iniiic. '■] VOLCANIC A\D PLUTONIC IJOCKS. 81 J At Webster Lake, the slates of the Caml)ro-Siluruin. probably near w..l,ste,- Lakf the contact with the Cambrian, occupy the south end of the lake and "'' ^"-y t'"nd. the big bay at its south-west angle. The serpentine comes in on the west side of the lake on the north side of this bay. It is generally hard, rubbly, dark-coloured and cherty, with small patches of stirf, hard, some- what iibrous asbestus of no economic value. The west side of the lake is bordered by a succession of rounded hills, of which four are especially A.iM.stus. conspicuous. These were all examined for asbestus. They were found to consist of serpentine, for the most part altered or shattered, having :i strongly dioritic aspect on weathered surfaces. A large boss of serpentine and hornblendic diorite shows near the lower end of the lake, and two small islets in the northern poi-tion are also composed of hard, rubbly serpentine with diorite. The whole of this serjientine is broken and jointed, and shows no veins of asbestus though occasional patches of a hard, stiff, green, Hbrous variety are seen in small thread- like irregular veins from one-eighth to one-sixteenth of an inch in thickness. A vein or band of a hard, whitish-gray, heavy mineral, whit.. gariu-t described as a white garnet, occurs near the foot of a hill of serpen- tine, midway on the west side of Webster Lake.* The serpentine belt extends across the country between this lake .S..r|»ntiiH. and the foot of Brompton Lake, in a series of hills, which form a Xn Lak"""" conspicuous ridge along the east shore of the latter nea-- the township of Orforfl and extend northward to opposite the foot of the lake, or to the line between ranges eight and nine, Brompton. In this belt, on lot twenty-six, range mne, the Brompton Lake Asbestus Company's mine is situated. To the"north-east of this, several small outcrops are seen in ranges four and five, Brompton, on lots seven and eight. On the road from Sherbrooke to North Stukely, called the old Jlontreal road, dioritic rocks come into view about three-foui'ths of a mile west of the outlet of Lake Fraser, the associated stratified -ocks I)eing purple slates and grits. At one mile and a fourth east of tlu stream from Bonallie's or Orford Lake, knolls of serpentine show on the south side of the road. The prevniling rocks from this to Long Lake, are black and gray slates, presumably of Cambrian age, with occasional outcrops of serpentine. These latter rocks, with diorites, an; more extensively de\eloped on a road leading north-east, about midway between the outlet of Orford Lake and Long Lake. In this direction a somewhat extensive belt of these ignef ocks extends along the east side of Long Lake, in a series of kn-.i;., rising occasionally into hills of con- sideral)le si/e, and these continue north, at least as far as Ely Bnwk the rocks occurring between the hills being dark gray and black slates! •(teology of Canada, 18(i,3, pp. 4(W> and 008. 6 82 J QUKBEC. C)n the west of these serpentinous musses, on lot eighteen, in the tenth range of Brompton, are the bands of purple and red slates, where the (juarry, already referred to, lias been opened. Stukely. Th'^ most westerly outcrop of serpentine rocks in this direction, is near the contact of the slates with the ciystalline schists, and is seen on a road, to the south, from the Stukely road, on lot twenty-tive, range six, Stukely. The sedimentary rocks in contact are black iron- like and graj'ish slates. This serpentine is ver}' ochreous on weath- ered surfaces, being decomposed to a depth of nearly one inch, while the rock itself apjiears to be much broken up. Tiiis locality is about half a raile west of Orford Lake, On the post-road, a short distance west of Long Lake, anf)ther band of serpentine occurs, which is in direct and sharp contact with ))eds of black altered slates, and has Asbistus. a very slaty character. A small vein of asbestus was observed here, wiiicli was opened by the owner of the farm, but this was soon exhausted and no other trace of the mineial was found. Scv|iciitiiii' lit' The most extensive development of serpentine in this area, is qiio'rViillt'v.'" found along the valley of the ]\Iissisquoi River, from the crossing of the Canadian Pacific failway southward nearly to the Vermont boundary. On the roads connecting this valley with the shore of Memphremagog Lake outcrops of this rock are also seen. South of Bolton Centre, these occu!' along the east side of the valley ; but north \ of that place several detached hills are observed on the road crossing south-east from Grass Pond, and on the west side of the Missisquoi River. The rocks associated with these serpentines are in nearly every case black and grayish slates with masses of diorites, the great hills of the crystalline schists lying to the west. The most southerly outcrops of the serpentine seen in this direction, are two small knolls on range seven, Potton, about one mile north of the Vermont boundary, and a small outcrop at the fork'^ of the road, lot one, range six. The surface of this area is largely covered with sand drift. No asbestus veins were observed in these serpentine knolls. Further north, on the road from Mansonville to Perkins' wharf, on Memphremagog Lake, a belt of serpentine rock crosses about one mile and a quarter east of Mansonville corner, and has an exposed breadth of nearly half a mile. The nearest rocks on the range are smooth greenisli-gray slate and grits with green-gray slates and diorites in the east. The next outcrop of serpiMitine going northward, is seen on the road from Knowlton Liinding to Holton Pass, on the west slope of the ridge about half a mile east of the Missisiiuoi River. Here a band of serpentine about fifty yards in width, with black slates on either side, crosses the road, and has lately been opened in the search for asbestus. This is ot\ lot '■] VOLCANIC A\D PLUTONIC ROCKS. 83 ,T twenty-eifjht, rjinge seven, of Bolton. The next cross-road to the AshostuH of lake is from Bolton Centre, eastward, and on this, about a quarter of """""• a mile east of the Missiscjuoi lliver, after passing over black and gray slates, a band of serpentine is seen, the first exposures of which are concretionary. The rock, however, is for the most part massive, and is exposed along this rusid with a breadth of half a mile, the eastern portion being mixed with diorites, which are in turn succeeded by bluish-gray and black slates, in ])laces containing pebbles, and these pebbly slates extend thence to the shore of the lake. This outcrop of dioritio rock appears to be at the contact of the Cambrian and Cambro- Silurian systems. The serpentine rocks are conspicuous on the direct road from Bol- South of Ksist- ton Centre to Kastmau, which passes along or between the chain of """'" lakes, and on which tin; copper mines of this area are situated, viz., the Huntington and Ives mines. They show with diorites, in the cutting along the old Black lliver railway, on lot twelve, range eight, Bolton, the stratilied rocks in contact to the south being black and greenish-grey slates. Near the Huntington mine, the serpentine is apjiareutly interbe-lded with green chloritio slates, diorites grayish grits and grayish soft sandy '^lates. Further north, the ser- pentine is associated with dark purplo--ray and black pyritous slates, and in some places the slates have a markedly red tinge. Small veins of asbestus of a tenth of an inch in length, occur in the serpen- tine along this road, but no veins of workable size wore noticed. On a load which turns off from that last mentioned about two miles Bolton, south of p]astman and west of the Jlissisquoi Kiver, a small outcrop of serpentine shows on lot six, range eight, Bolton. The rocks in contact are grayish, green and purple slates. This outcrop is near the contact of these slates with greenish-gray mica-schists which are presumably of the pre-Cambrian series. Thence to the south, about Trousers Ijake, several knolls of serpentine occur. On the road from Bolton Centime to Grass Pond, or St. Etienne do Bolton, several prominent ridges and hills show along the east of the road. These are on range seven, Bolton on lots seven to thirteen. At one place on lot eight, an attempt to mine asbestus was made, in 1889, without success, the veins being Asbestus insignificant. The rock'- associated witls serpentine at this place are black '"""'• slatt's, but directly to tue woi^t, chloritic and micaceous schists come in. This serpentine appe.ivs to bo greatly shattered and is frequently slaty in structure, with a Ach oily grc;en aspect, unlike that of Thetford but similar to much of Aiu.i about Orford Pond and the north side of Orford^Mountain. The obsef\ ed .serpentine knolls are all to the east of the Grass Pord road, along which the mica-schist series is strongly ■IM 84 J Serpentim- of Mell)oiirm' and Cleve- land. New Rook- land slate quarries. QUEBEC. Bedard's Hlati ciuari'y. Mining areas in Cleveland. developed, and thence to the west as far south as lot fifteen, range seven, wh-jre the gray and black slates and quartzites of the Cambrian appear and extend thence by the road south to Bolton Centre and beyond. To the south of Orford Pond, a mass of .serpentine comes to the shore, and has been cut through by the old Waterloo and Magog rail- way, now abandoned. Heavy nia.sses of diorite, of the Orford Moun- tain chain, occur on both sides of the Pond, and the serpentine appears in masses on the load to Bolton Forest along with purple, black and greenish-gray slates. Near Bolton Forest post-office, i he.se green slates become much twisted, schistose and even micaceous, resembling, in this respect, the pre-Cambrian schists. They are cut by granitoid and dioritic masses on the line of the Canadian Pacific railway to the north. West of Bolton Forest, the black pyritous slates and grits of the Cambrian again show, as far as Missisquoi River. These have been described in connection with the serpentine of that district, and it is probable that the schistosity at this place is due to a local alteration. The only other areas of serpentine which require brief notice here, are found in connection with the slates of the Melbourne and Cleveland district, and may be called locally the St. Francis River area. At the New Rockland quarries, and at the Melbourne (juarry as well, the rock to the west of the principal slate belt is serpentine. This belt forms hills in the vicinity, to the east of the narrow gauge railway, which connects the slate quarry with the Grand Trunk rail- way, and the rock crosses to the road which runs up the south side of the St. Francis, about three miles and a half south-east of Richmond. In this serpentine, small veins of asbestus have been observed, some of which hold fibre of over'half an inch in length, but the (juantity is so small that the extraction is not profitable. Cro.ssing the St. Francis, the extension of this band of serpentine is seen on the east side of the river, near Bedard's slate quarry, and here, also, veins of asbestus are visible. It also crops out in occasional masses through the belt of hilly and wooded country between this place and the Shipton Pinnacle, and several attempts have been made to open profitable mines in this section, but hitherto without success. These mining locations are alx)ut three-eighths of a mile south of the road going east from St. Cyr's crossing, on lot nine, range nine, Cleveland. The veins of asbestus here are small and irregular, varying from mere threads up to three-eighths of an inch in width, but the fibre lacks continuity and is of little value. The rock is sometimes black and chorty, at others green, or 'mottled yellowish-green, and at others again greasy looking, like the rock of Bolton, Here the slates associated are the black 'i • SURFACE riEOLOfJY. 85 J f;reenish-gr(iy and puri)le varieties of the Cambrian, while the ridge to the west is composed of schists, po sil)!y of pre Cambrian age. Tho same relations are seen in the serpentine of Melbourne, the slates of the quarry being of Cambrian age, while the schists, &c., to the west belong to the Sutton Mountain anticline. The area.s south of Windsor Mills, on lots seven and eight, ranges Ana-» s„utli four and five, Broinpton, are probably the most northerly outcrops of the MiUs!'"''"" Brompton Lake serpentine belt. In this also the indications for asbestus appeared to be very small, and no veins were seen. The delimitation of the serpentines and diorites of this belt, west and north of Memphremagog Lake, is almost impossible. Tliis country is very rough and hilly, largely forest-covered, except along roads and lakes. Small outcrops of slates and sandstones occur here and there, but fre- quently the rock between the hill outcrops is concealed by drift. While the indications, as far as seen, are not favourable to the occurrence of asbestus in workable quantity, chromic iron is known to exist at several points and may be found at some time in greater profusion, as in the case of the recent discoveries in the Black Lake and Coleraine districts to the north-east. Surface Geology. The remarks on this subject contained in two preceding reports* are Marine sIkIIm. to a large extent applicable to the district covered by the present one. liifc great plain oi the St. Lawrence, east of that river shows the presence of marine clays at many points, the fossils from which are the same as already described from the vicinity of Montreal. Among localities where marine shells are found, may be mentioned, the Grand Trunk railway, one mile east of St. Liboire station, and lot twenty, range six, Stanbridge, where in digging a large ditch a great quantity of shells have been thrown out. The covering of clay and sand diift appears to be of great thickness throughout this area, and has been already well described in the (Jeology of Canada (p. 925). The marks of .striie. ice action are tiiii Lake mine. 88 .1 QUEHEC. Lake Mcin- AtiiiiiiK Co. Huntingdon mine. Iron on tions. Bog-iron ore, Ciiromif iron Anortlio.siti'. but the quantity of asljestufs so far found is umall and confined to small veins of short fibre. C'o/j/jftc— The Lake Meinphreniafjoy Mininj,' Company, after spend- ing,' a considerable sum in develoi)ment worlc, lias closed down the mine at the Ho-,''s Back .Mountain for the present, owinj; apparently to a lack of profitable market for their ore. This is a pyrrhotite already described in the "Mineral Hesoiirces of Quebec," and nu further details can here be given of this property. The old Huntington mine was pumped out during the autumn of 1890, by Messrs. G. H. Nichols &. Co. and .some further underground exploratory woik cui ried on in the vein of ore, but no details have been received as to the amount of work done or results obtained. Iron ore. — The loc dities t^ which iron ore occur have been described in "The Mineral liesouree.s of Quebec. "* They may, howe\.r-, be brietly enumerated here. On the west half of lot forty-five, west St. Arinand, red hiematite and specular schist. Iron ore also occurs on lots five and seven and north half of lot nine, range nine, and lot nine, range seven, Sutton ; on lots one and two, range three ; lot five, range four, and ■,.• lots four, five and six, ranges three and four of lirome ; on lot tv. ' ;;.i,;: e fourtei-n, Holton, and on lots twenty-one and twenty- two, ranpj f-ffeon, Orford. The ore in the above-mentioned localities is soit>'!Un;tv.. j.agnetic, at others specular, and in places contains a very considvrrble proportion of titanic acid, veaching sometimes as much as twenty-eight per cent. A deposit of iron pyrites (pyrrhotite) occurs on lot twenty-eight, range nine, Potton, overlain by a deposit of bog-iron ore from one to three feet thick. This is on the west side of the Hog's Back Mountain. Chromic lro)i, is reported as occurring on lot twenty-six, range' seven of Bolton, and assays have shown the deposit to be sufiiciently rich in chromic oxide for shipment. Loo.se pieces have also been picked up on the west side of Memphremagog Lake, where the serpen- tines are particularly developed, which have shown a very large percen- tage of chromic oxide. There is therefore a strong probability that workable deposits of chromic iron will some day be found in some, portion of this serpentine belt. Building xuiterinh.—The anorthosite rocks of the St. Jerome and New Glasgow areas, are in places largely quarried for paving blocks, for which purpose their toughness renders them well fitted. They are used in Montreal, as also are blocks from the syenite rocks of Yamaska Mountain taken from a quarry on the north-west flank. Similar rock is quarried largely in the Shefford Mountain and used for building '•1 ECONOMIC MINKl!AI,M. 89 .r purposes. A quiury in nepheline syoiate, on the west side of thr Montreal iJouutain, has ii[-o been worked for some years for road metal. Tile I'ot'^diun sandstone, whieh is so l;uj,'ely developed neiu the i'„tH|,illi|Hl.iirK' to as furnishing an e.xcellent material for construction and for decora- ''"»'*'""•■• tive purpo.ses, and has been somewhat extensively (|uarried ; while flie excellence of the limestones of the Trenton, Chazy and lilack River formations as developed on the islands of Montreal and Jesus has long been recognized. Extensive quarries in the limestones exist at various places, such as Mile End neai' Montreal, C6te 8t. Michel, several points along the Back River, St. Martin's Junction, ik'. The Silurian and Devonian formations of Memphremagog Lake Meiiiplnciu furnish certain tlagLTV beds which split out readily and have been used »g"K«l«t.'sau(l for pavements and flagging generally, being apparently well suited to '*'' ' this purpose. The syenitic rocks of Yamaska and Brome mountains have been Yaimiskiuuid quarried to some extent ; that of the former for paving blocks and Jui',','sv,?,iti'"' the latter for building stone, for which purpose it appears well adapted. ''"^^<- Quarries in the Chazy limestones of St. Dominique, are also in opera- tion, and considerable (juantities of apparently excellent building stone are being shipped from this, place. The two principal quarries St. Dumi -operating here, in 1890, were owned by the Grand Trunk railway''"*'""'"'' and by Mr. T. H. Howley. The latter, in 1889, put out, with twenty- five men, about 800 yards of dressed stone. The output from the Orand Trunk quarry is probably about the same. At South Stukel}', quarries exist which furnish a crystalline lime- Simtl. Stukely stone, suitable for building stones, of good quality.from which the church ''""■'"^"''• at North Stukely was built and at which also the rock is quarried for 111- UUf. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ ^^ • V '« •A^* i& !)0 .1 (/IKIIKC. laiiil sliiti- i|imirv. Ilriilll|ltnll lime burning bv Mr. (MMldur.i, c.f South Stuk.lv. This is on lot «'iKlit, rnufie twc. of that lAm-v. Mr. r.ft.lmi.cc. of .St.-. Aiuie de nochcllc, also huiiis litiu! from tho crystalline limestones found on the roiul on lot thirteen, range ai'ven, North Stukely. The sl.ite industry of New Rockland is being pushed with tlie usual vigour, a valuable new l)eneh of slates being rejw.rte.l from the eastern side of the .|uarry. so that the work will l)e extended at the surface inst.wl of sinking to a greater depth. The new red or purple slate 'I'"""'")' <'f .'eiikins and i),ivis in Hrompton (iore, was worked to some extent during the season of l^<91, but waH hindere apfiears to be of excellent .piality. .\ iieration of which we have no pret-ent returns. •Slrttl'M,! Ilriiiiif. Hankiii Hill, Liiiu-kiliiK. Hiick cliiVN. r •1 KCOXOMIC MINKHALS. 91 .1 At r^pmiric, <.p}.,,sitc >r.»nti(>iil, llip Liii.miiie PresHrd Riii-k iiti. I , •,!,,, ,|,,,|,. 'IVini Cotta Company, make us." ..f the ciiish.-d slml.- .if tin- I'ti.ii formation, ami turn out a lar^.- anioum ..f .-xcellont iMicks. Tlic cruslicl slat.- ..f tli.« H.Mklaii.l .|iiarry sh.ml.l als.. mako an oxft'llent niatonal tor this purp..s.", ami prop...sal,s w«'r« maili- several vears a«o to estulilish works .)f tliis nature in the vicinity. Tlie sdienie lum, liow- ever, Hpparently Im'.mi aliand.ined for the present. /''■"/. I/ir;;.' areas of exeelij-nt peat occur in several places, and '''•«• 'l'i«"it!< s..nie .)f thi'se have I.een .'xtensixfly worked. The lari.'<>st ami m..st ea.sily accessible d.-posits are pr< 'oaliiy tlios.; ..ii the line of the Cana- dian I'a.ili.' railway at Ste. Hri^ide, U'tween St. .I.ihns and Farnhum, and in th.' vicinity of the St. Liwr.-nce. near Valleylleld and H.-au- liarnois as well as in llunlinf,'n, have heen closed for some yeaift, hut new proci'.sses ..f in.iimfactiirini,' compr.vssed peat may cause these dej.osits to he aijaiii iitili/.-d at no di>tant day. Th.- upp.-r portion of these bogs .should furni.sh an unlimited supply of material for th.- manufac- M"- I'""- tur*., four, range four ; and in Sutton on lot twelv.-, range .sevi-n. \ band of impun- .soapstone is also seen in a cutting on the Canadian Pacilic railway, a short distance west of Orford Pond. I'otMntii, occurs in a bed, twenty feet thick on lot twenty-six, range I'ot^tnii.v two, IJoiton. and also on lot twenty-six, range six of Potton. Ol' QIKIIKC. Wliitslollc. ■Miiifnil waters. ll7»7^/,„„,- n,u„ls of r.Kk w..|l suited for the ni.inufiicturfl of vvlu!t.st<.i.i.8 biul ff)rmorly woikwl, (.cc-ur on Whetstone Islfti. !, Mein- |.hr.inH>;o« b,ke, on lot four, range nine, Htiinstwul ; near the r.^m- .■i..i of Miissawippi Ijikf on the west side; on lot twenty-three, ran^e Hi.v, Itulton ; on lot seven, ran^e two, Kingsey, and on lot nine, range eiifhtein, nrford. Certiiin hands of niicn-schist, assooiateil with the i-M ks of the Sutton .Mount^iin anticline, should also |jo adapted to the niiuuifacture of si-ytlie-stones. Mi,„r„l Springs.— A "sulphur spring" occu.s at iJolton, near th.« .Mi88is.|uoi Hiver. about four miles west of Knowiton binding, and a h..t.-l for invalids was erected at this place several years ago. Springs ais,. occur at Sal.revois, near I'ik.- Uiv<'r village, one of which contains >alt> ..f strontia and haryta, while another hoi.'s soluble suli.hates. Somewhat important springs are also found at St. Myncinthe, St. Henoit, St. Kustache. Ste. Martine, Beauharnois, A-c. The-sehave Ijeen described in the (Seology of Cttn.ida, pp. .")42 44. 1 V LAUUKNTIAN AKKA IN M (MTII-WKST COMNKli mF TIIK SUKKT. liif I'. If. Aiiaiiis, Afo.S.:, I'h.D. (iKNEKAI. STATK\IEXT. TIh' coiitiiiciit ot' Nditli Ainericu, iis is well known, 1ms been Ln.ii. nti,.!, gnwlually Iniilt up hy an m-cuniuliition of sodimciit iiliout certain very i""'''^''*- ancient land areas wliieli are known lis its protaxt's. ( M these the largest and most ini|Mirtant is tlief^rpat northern jHoijixis. whi.h forms the f,'reater part of northern Canida, havini,' an area of somewhat over •J,<)0(>,000 s(|uare miles and constituting what Sutss has termed tlio Canadian shield or lioss. The Laurentian area which forms the extreme north-west lorner of the sheet at present under disc. i«,;.n, is a |»ortion of the southern margin of this great northern protaxis and thus represents a part of an extrendy ancient land area, from the waste of which the clastic Palieozuie strata to the south were derived. The area of these ancient rooks end)raced in the sheet is small. amounting to alK)Ut 4U0 sijunre miles: it forms, however, part of a much larger ages, therefore, m.'iely c, lirief geheral «lescription of that portion of this dis- trict lying within the limits of the maj) accompanying the pre- sent report will he given, leaving the more detuile plains appears as a range of hills running in a north-east and south west direction. The i)lateau slopes gentlv to the south-east from an average elevation of almut 1000 feet al)ove sea-level at the north-west corner of the map, to about 4.'50 feet alwve sea-level along the edge of the plain. The depressions in its surface are generally filled with drift, form- ing extensive flats, in which are many picturestiue lakes of clear water 94.1 gL'BBRC. m r !. ■'ill Twdilu isloii fJrciivilli HericH. tlio Iftiyest \H-\nn r.ak.. I.AihiKati in the towi.sliip .,f Kilkenny. Four rixns His., cn.vs it, i,ani..ly tl... .North Hiv,-,-, tlu- Kivor L'Ach'igan, ti.e Wftint Ksprit ami tim I^^ic Ouiireau ISivi'i-. Til.. Iiinr they coincide in direction. In order that a purely .ibject.v,. attitude may be pres, rv..,I, the t,.rm ban.l, rather than In-d " •' '"y"'' '" ""-• r'<«cnt r..p..rt, tt... latt.r t..r>n b-ing usually associated with the i,l..a ..f a sedimentary origin, which, how,.ver pn.babl... for c.-rtain parts at l...ist, of the pr...s..nt .listrict, cannot be .•..nsidered by any means .us demonstrate.! for the system as a whole. In many other parts of tl... Uurentian, two .livisions can be recgnizcl in the .system, nam.-ly, an upp,.r seri.-s .•lmract..riz..,l by tl... ..re.s,.nce oi crystalline lim..ston..s, quartzit..s an.l gnejs.ses. having tlu! chemical composition of ..itlinary s..diments as well as a pre- l-onderatiiig l)anded structure, which is call...! th.. (irenville series from a town.shij) of that name in the County ..f .\rgenteuil where it IS well developed, and a lower series of gn<.isses much nmre monoton- ous an.l uniform in character, in which are no limestones, Ac, and which possess a f.,liated rathe.- than a lmn.]..d structure. This latter series is known as the Fundamental Gneiss, and in many ca.scs closely resembles igneous rocks. In the area at piesent under discussion the two series cannot be so clearly distingui.shed. Certain parts of the area can be recognized as belonging to the Grenville seri..s, a.s, for instance, the extreme e.isterly portion lying to the .south of Rawdon and the westerly portion in the St. Sauveur district. Other portions, as much of the St. Jerome •■] LAIHKNTIAN AflKA. 05 .1 iny. Four uliigAi), thu jiichJ ty|w ty iif high >!:' tho well , <'speciiilly iip Ljiuri'ti- 'U;,'h thc'«c. present iiig wliich are e.«*. These If with one ire or iesH iiidlvidudl tlie rock. A'lien thus It II purely timii hed, ig usually , however I't, cannot Item lis a i-s eim Im? terized hy ew, having ns a j>re- ille series, I where it inonoton- I, ifec, and 'his latter tes closely lot be so gnized us e easterly ion in the i. Jerome district, huN the appi.aran.e rallw-rof the Kundaniental (ineiss. It has | been found ini|».ssil,|,., however, to separate the two series and delimit ' them on the niap. IJreakinit throu-th tin- ynei-^ses are t • mwism) ot' anorthosite. an intrusin- rock hel m-ing to the yaliDn. miles. This is known as the Morin anorth.xite area, and is i-udely circular in sliajie. Th.- anorlho-ite occurring in the noith-west corner of the pr.-ent sheet, including the township of A'-MMcroudue, is a portion of I lie Miuthern extension of the nuiss, while the anorthosite in the Kilkenny district is the extrenntv of a large spur, which starting from tlu^ eastern side of the mass runs south, following the strike of the gneiss, and (inally passes beneath the llat-lying Pala-ozoic strata of the plains, being at its ' southern extremity split in two longitudinally by a wedge of gneiss which runs up into it. Six miles to the north of the limit of the present sheet, these two \ masses of anorthosite 'come together and pass into one another, and tlu'y will, therefore, be tn-ated of as one and the same mass, which they really are. The other two aiias, situattd about St. .I.roiiie and in the (i-.re of Chatham respectively, are niiich smaller and less im[M)rtant. The>e anorthosite masses are now known to be intrusive. Owiti" to the fad that in some places they possess a more or h'vs distinct foliation coinciding with that of the gneiss through which thev cut Logan and the other early Canadian geologists who first examined the area, thought that they, togetlier with a portion of the associated gneisses and crystalline limestones, formed a .merits of stratitiwi rocks distinct from and rejxtsiig upon the (irenville series. This sup- posed upjier series was, therefore, termed the I'pper Laurentian, and the anorthosites were considered to be its most cliaractcM'istic members. The name Xorian was also proposed by Sterry Hunt for tho.se roi^ks, owing to their petrographical losemblance to tho no rites of Scandin- avia, which rocks are now also recognized as intrusive. Although intruded through the Laurentian at a time long preceding the Pots- dam, the appearance «)f these anorthosites antedated at least the termination of the great earlh'movements which affected the Lauren- tian in pre-Potsdam times, so that they have lieen scjueezed and foliated together with the gneisses through wliich they cut. uiiiliiini'iiliil 111 is!,. iMiitli>»ili'. Of) .1 (;t'KIIKC. till' I'nliiMi/.uii On the upturnwl mlgps „f th.'sc (i.M-|,ly cn.d.Mi Archi.-.in rocks, both • UneiH8(in(Iiin.)illi„Hit«,tlieP()tN.luiiiwi,(l«t()i..'iiiul..tl..-iCaml.ro Silurian '■'"■•«'* ""'I '" "''t litul un.listurlK.,1 \mU At some iK.inlH hIomk the .■«!«ts.lain sandstone is ohst-rved resting upon th.- gnriss ; l,ut as the plains ar.. for the most part m-intlod with drift the actual contact is not in all ca«.-s seen, s. ..xi«)sur.>s uoar.-st to the Laurcntian. in sonii; j.lac.-s tonsist r.f the niaf{n.sian limestone of the Caleiferous, ns to the south of St. Jen.me, or even of the Trenton limestone, as lietween New (Jlasffow and Ste. Julienne. A Nmalloutlierof these Paheo/oic rocks .KTurs on the thini and fourth ranges of the township of .MRMcromhi.', al.out nine miles north of the edge of the j.n.Ui.xis, and proves tiiat the I'alieozoie strata once ex- ten.l.^1 .•onsideral.ly further to the north than they do at present, althougii this outlier probably does n<.t by any means mark their northerly limit. The Palieo/oic strata cover up the gneisses and anorJiosites alike, and are (.vidently of nm.h more recent age, l)eing separated from the Liiurenlian by th.- long interval occupied in the upheaval and erosion of tlio Laurentian area. How long l)efore I'pper Cambrian times this folding aii.l er..sion t.M)k place cannot be det<>rmined from a study of this area, but investigations in „ther portions of the miirgin of the protaxis makes it very pn.bable it took place in pre Cambiilm times. (illciHH. THE I,AURK\TIA\ PROHKIt. This great system consists, as has been stated above, of ortlioclase gnei.ss, presenting many varieties b..th in form and composition, alter- nating and interbanded with plagioclase gneisses, crystalline limestone, <|uart/ite, amphilM>lite and other pon.!ing din.imition in tho ainoui.i of .martz present, are pn.perly classed aH h:isic gneisses. .Many ..f tho hasi.- gneisses are closely related to and as«wiale.l with the an.irthosit<> masses. •Many of these gneisses differ in no way in c.n.position fmn, igneous rocks. riMs is ...specially tru.. of those which from their uniform character an.l absence of all «.ss.H..iate.l lim,.ston..s, ,,uartx.ites, ..tc ar.. referable t.. the Fun.lan.ental (Jneiss n.lhrr than to the {;renvill,.s,.rieM alth,.ugh many gnei,ss..s in th.. Grenville seri.-s bel.mg to this class a.s well. Th..segnei.ss..s usually show in a n.ark.-.l mann..r what is known .us a cata.^last.c stru.-tur... pr.Kiuc...l by the mechanical breaking ,lown of the ..riginal web of th,. crystalline r..ck, by n,ov,.n..>„ts induce.1 by great pressure, which m.,vements cau.se in th.- .-o.k a foliation or panill..l arrang..ment .,f constituents m..re or less distinct, accor.ling to the.r n.tensity. In this way a ..oarse-grain...! granite n.ay Im con verte,l hrs( „.to an augen-gneiss, and (u.ally int.. a ve- • finely foliated gnei8.s in which all tho origimd .,uartz grains havo t.. ' ,nu of thin loaves. This structur.- is also r..markably moII s.-on in th, anortlmsite HI m.,st places wh.Mo it occurs in this ar.m, an.l will Ik3 n,..roparti.„lar- ly describ,.,! u. treating of tl.is n.ck. Many of these gn.'i.sses. at li-fist wer.. onginally ..f ign..,.us, probably .,f intrusive, origin. KxampU.s of these a,e abuntlant in that part ..f the ar..a lying between St. Coluinban and St. J.'.romo an.l b.-twe,!n this latter place and Ste. Sophj... In ..rder to ascertain the chemical composition of a typical gneiss .jf tins ..lass, Logan's typic ,1 Fundamental (Jneiss from Tr..mbling Mou.,- tain was selected. An analysis of it is given under No. 1 Soiiii' |ir.ili- nlilv I if i^ii,.. oiH oritfiii. AimlvNiH. I Others prol) alily (if scili- iiH'iitiiry t)i'i(fiii. '"* •' QUBUEC. I. TI. itMCIHM, lillAMTK. Tifriililiinr Mt. Ciirliiitffonl. ^i"'" wii|ii<'ii| Htnii'ture. tiM ilaikor |K)itioii „f tho nnk. It occurs n.-ar a hand of crystal- line liiiiestoii.. whioh .M-ctii-ii-N tli« Ik>(I «.f TremliliriK Ij^U'. III. All .iidiiimy riKiflnu slat.. ri„m Wal.-s. Aimlvscd by T. Sterry Muiit. (IMiil. .M.iK., 1851, ,,. i>;j7.) IV. A Himikr r.M,(inK MJat.. .,f Cmihriuii aKo, fmm tho huK.- quarries in the t..wiis|,i|, ..f .M..|l„,unn', in tlic soutiiirn portion of the pi-ovinr.. of (im>\H'c. AnalyMHl l>y T. Sterrv Hunt. {Gvnluny of Canada, IMII.'J, |.. (iOO.) V. (JncisH from Darwin'H KhIIm near tlie village of Haw.jon, rangt) V. of the township of Hawdon. province of l^uolwc. It is a highly <|u.irt/.).s« jrarn.'tif.'r composition "from any igneous rock. The high content in alumina, the low percentiige of alkalies and th<' great preponderance of magnesia over lime, characteristic of slates will iK> noted. No. V. is a gnei.xs which is so highly quartzose that it might almost be terinei«»|M(mliTiit»-s nvortlic limn us Ix-foin. N«i. VI. |i)Ht 1 IfJiMr cent on iKiiiti.m iH't'orc iiniilyHiH, iiml lliiw liguivH do not tlioi'i't'on* Hppnui- in tln' unnlyHiH tw givi-n iUjovo. VimlvHii. iif , '• "• "I. IV. V. \i, VII. "••iliiiH'iitmy «iNK.|X». liNKIMI. .Sl.vTK. .'SLATK. < i N Kl**. I Ml. VTK. liNKI"*. tflU'i"*-'. ■ le M. Ukf. ""'•■"• i„,„,.„.. I<'>w,l..n. Ii„/..|,. |!„«,|,,„. silua . ni im .-,7 (Ml (Ml .->o lu -jo ;» 70 ' 71M17 ' .-,4 h!» litanit' oxiilc I (Ml ^.^^^ Alniiiiim |» 7;i -22 K\ I'li '70 Hl'iio' h hn s tii' |;i ii7 ■■,'*'''"• """'V )l tl4 [ « (Kl ■ \ X, »fni>iij...\i.lr I 1)0 7 74 7 h;i 4 •_>;» I i F"ii>hiil|ilii(lr I ;t;i ' .'.', I 4 4;i M'li'iiiiHiixiiU' time. li-iuT. tlaiT. ."HI (l'* '''""■•. •■<•"' lit! I I--' 7:1 107 '7tii r> •'\ •V",>"' '•• I**' ■■'•■'« •-'•-'•' .1 !tl I H7 I .V.' » To •^;"'" "" ••«• •-••-'"• .1 07 4-.' iM I II.-, """"••' -•'•*' ■"' 7--' .'MM ■.{ J>\ 11.-, ..>;«, N.;,4 l. lotaiuiki.lllH .-{ Ill ,i ;{0 - ;,^ ,;.,., |..,. ^,.^ ^ n^.j^j Tlif fouitli of tli.'se j,'neis.scs, .\„. VII., differs cntiii'ly from tlio otln-rs. Tilt! low rontciit of (iluniiiia, coinljincd willi low siliiii, the liigli iilkulit's iiiul the lUfiioiniciaiict' of linn- ovtjr mii>,'iif.sia niiirk it off 118 (luitp (ii.stint't from the slates and jKii.-i.sses just eonsiiU-iod. If it Ije ail ait.K'd .scdiiiiciit it is oiin wliieli lias siiffiTod very little Icftcliiiis,' during deposition, and must liavn been of tli.. nature of a tuffaceou^ deposit, or one formed from the rapid disintejjration of an i'lneous rock haviiif,' the eomi(ositioii of a basic trachyte or syenite. It is, there- fore, a rock which, so far as its com]>osition is concerned, might be either an altered .sediment or an altere contact near the east end of Lake L'Achigan, gradually becoming dark in colour towards the west end of the lake about St Hippolyte. The anorthosite undergoes no change m chemical composition durin" the granulation above described -the process, as studied under the microscope, appears to be a purely mechanical one. It is thus quite different from that commonly observed and which has been described by Lehman and others in the case of sheared gabbros. In all cases of shearing hithert.j described, the pyroxenes under the inHuence of the pressure are altered to hornblende, while the plagioc ase is often altered to saussurite, the resulting rock being an amphibolite not a gabbro. There is reason to believe that the movements which affected these anorthosites took place when the rock was deeply buried and probably also very hot, perhaps near its fusing point. Although, in most places, the :\Iorin anorthosite comes against the n . , k gneiss without producing any perceptible alteration, at some parts of its ' 1U6 J QUEBEC. u circurnferpncp, especially north-east of Echo Lake, wl.ere the contact crosses the townships of Abercr..r..l.ie a.ui Kilk-enny, a rather mas- sive, dark, heavy rock, rich in hisilicates and often hoKlin;; a little •luartz and some iintwinned felspar, borders the area and may be a contact prwluct of some kind. The iK.undary of the typical ano.thosite against this rock is usually pretty sharp, but the latter passes gradually into the gneiss of the district. This intervening rock, however, has in the main the composition of gabbro, so that it becomes difficult to decide whether it represents a peculiar and abnormal, possibly altered, form of the gnei.ss or a contact phase of the anorthosite. Cl..se to the edge of the easterly development of the Morin anorthosite at New Glasgow, and running north for about six miles in a direction very nearly parallel to that of th.. limestone band in the gneiss just Ulack gal.l.>,.. west of the contact, is a band of a peculiar gabbro nearly black in colour, which protrudes through the drift in a series of great roche moutonnee bf)sses, contrasting in a marked manner with the white anorthosite through which it cuts. The band is narrow.and innnediutely to the north of New Glasgow sends out an arm about a (juarter of a mile long from its eastern side, which cuts across the foliation of the anorthosite. Under the microscope, the rock presents an extremely well marked catadastic structure, the constituent minerals having been completely granulated under the great pressure to which they have been subjected. Of the two smaller areas, that which lies to the west of St. Colum- biii, extending over into the Gore of Chatham and known as the Lake- field area, most closely resembles the Morin anorthosite just described. It is four anil a half miles long and about a mile wide, only about one half of it, however, being embraced in the accompanying sheet. The outer portions are fine-grained, foliated, very poor in bisilicates and weather white. The inner portion of the ar.a is more massive, and appears on the whole to be rather richer in ferro-magnesian constitu ents, which vary in amount from place to place, often giving the rock an irregular banded structure. A rapid change in strike is ob- servable in this area, the anorthosite and its surrounding gneisses in the southern part striking on an average N. 30' W., while about the northern extremity both rocks strike N. So to 65 E. I^sa than a mile to the south of the area, at the very edge of the Laurentian escarpment, a diabase dyke cuts through the gneiss, which is here the country-rock. The dyke contains angular fragments of white anor- thosite which in many places are so abundant as to make up the greater part of the wuole. These fragments, which were brought up Lakcficld anortho.site. '•] LAURENTIAN AREA. 107 J by the molten diabase, probably mark an underground extension of this Laketield area to the south. Only a pf.rtion of the St. Jerome are^ situated as it is immediately st. .l..>n„„. at the edge of the Laurentian axis, is exposed to view. The southern "'''"•tl""'ite. part of it is covered up ami concealed by the tlat-lyinjj Pali.o/oic beds which come in a short distance to the south of the town. What pro- portion of the whole mass is represented by the portion exposed to view it is impossible to say. It differs consideiably from the other areas, in that the anorthosito composing it is not .so typical in character, as well as in the fa';t that there intervenes between it and the gneiss a broad zone of rock.s of in- termediate character. The anorthosite, or gabbro as it should in this case more properly be called, is seen in its typical development on either side of the Canadian PaciHc railway track a few hundred yards south of the station at St. Jerome. The large exposures here are situated about the middl.; of the area, toward its southern limit as exposed. At this point the rock is fine-grained, weathers brownish-gray and usually has a foliated structure. In .some places the structure is more or less distinctly banded, owing to the alternations of portions rather rich in bisilioates with others consisting alnu.st entirely of plagioclase. Individuals of dark-coloured plagioclase, usually small in size but some- times as much as six inches in length, are abundant in places. They are frequently seen to be curved or twisted and are usually without good crystalline outlines. tTnder the microscope, this rock is .seen to be composed essentially of plagioclase and pyroxene, the former largely preponderating, with horn- blende, biotite. garnet, iron-ore, and pyrite, as accessory constituents, and a few grains of quartz, calcite, chlorite, and apatite. The pyrox- ene is light-green in colour and is for the most part augite, which is often decomposed to calcite and chlorite— some of it however is tri- chroic in red, yellow and green tints and is probablv hypersthene. The hornblende, which is green in colour, and the biotite are pres- ent in but very small amount. The garnet, which is pink in colour, and i)e.fectly isotropic, is often well crystallized and usually has some approximation to good crystalline form. It is generally associated Nfioroscopicar with iron-ore but often occurs in little strings through tiie rock. The ^'""■'^t. >•. iron-ore is titaniferous, as shown by the leucoxene"which fretjuently appears as its decomposition-product. The quartz, which is present in very small amount a.ssociatcd with the bisilicate.s, may a'so be second- ary. The little strings, an inch or even less in thickness, consisting of orthoclase and quartz, which run through the rock sometimes parallel 108 J gUEBEC. Zonn of iiitpr iiu-ut they would separate into two lieds with an intervening bed of rock. In some places the limits of the beds were very clearly defined, but else- where the orelxxly gradually faded away into the surrounding rock. Alwut fifty tons were taken out of this opening, which was alwut ten feet deep ami thirty feet long. Work was finally discontinued early in September, as it was found that too much rock was being handled." A sample of the ore was analysed by me and found to have the fol- lowing composition : — Ferric oxide ,-)!»(l.-,..hi Titanic Hci.l ... ,' "' '''''■■ "'«'''>■ t'"*"'- burgo amount. feroiw. Two samples examined by Dr. B. J. Harrington,* gave the following results : — >. „. . I "• Metallic iron ;,s.._,7 ,, ,., 4„,-, Titfinicacid 33.,); .. .^.^^^ ., while a third specimen, in which the iron was not determined was found to contain ; — ' ''"'♦""'" '*«'•' .35 09 p.c. Wejford, Hangp I, Lot 7.~0vi this lot a small opening has been made in a dark-coloured heavy massive rock containing a certain amount of iron-ore. The field relations indicate that this is merely a local variety of the Morin anortho.site, exceptionally rich in the darker-coloured constituents of the rock, and a microscopic examination proves this to be the case. When thin sections are examined, the rock is seen to l)e i„,„„r^ w,., composed essentially of a dark-coloured pyroxene with plagioclase and ^"'^- ' iron-ore. A not inconsiderable amount of apatite with a few grains of pyrite, garnet and biotite are also present. The proportion of iron-ore present is comparatively small. A specimen collected to represent the richest portion of the mass was examined by Dr. Hoffmann, with the following results : — Metallic iron on ■ o- „„_ T , , , . , M 2, pet cent. Jnsohil)le rcsiiliie r)8',")8 " " ^^^'■'''^"''' ■■•••' 'Djcided reaction. •Report of Progress, Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-77, p. 475. 112 .1 gUBIIRC. I| m ft AiiortluKtitc. A'Uknini/, Range VII., Lot ?.— This deposit is an impure ochre or limonitc, occuirin)i,' near the vd^n- of the Moriii anoithoHito, and iippiircntly doriverl from the altenition of iron-pyrites wliich occurs as an iinprc/^nation ia a bund of anorthositu inti-rcaiated in the gneiss near the limits of the main area. The band of rock througii which this linionite is distril)uted hivs a considerable width, but could not l)e everywhere examined at the time of my visit owinj? to a busli firo wliich was raging. No mass of the iron-ore over one foot in thickness could lie found, however, and too deposit is, I should judf{e, valueless as a source of iron. A specimen of the limonite was examined by Dr. Holfmann, and was found to contain : — M.^tallic iron 2.*v7.") per cent. Iimolnl.lf matter I^ugc aiiicmnt. It also contained a considerable (piantity of manj^anese, but no titanium. Atinrthosite.—'nnH rock, althougli it has been but little used for building purposes, might in many cases be employe*] with advantage for decorative construction. It may 1m> obtained in unlimited amount in tiie Mfirin area, of any colour from deej) violet to white. The opalescent varieties occur but sparingly in this district. To judge of its appearance when cut and polished, two large blocks, one of the violet and one of the white variety were collected and six-inch cui)es were prepared from them. These were exhibited in the Colonial and Indian Exhibition held in London in 188G. The violet variety was collected on the eastern side of range II. of tlie township of Morin, and when polished presented a handsome appearance, but was rather dark in colour. The white variety, which was taken from the large exposures at New Glasgow, took a high polish and in this state was found to bear a striking re.semblance to marble. It is more difficult to work than marble, Imt would be more durable and would retain its polish better, especially in exposed situations, and might well be employed for many purposes in construction. On account of its toughness and durability, this white anorthosite from New Glasgow has been extensively used for paving stones in the city of Montreal, especially on streets where there is a heavy freight traffic. A numl)er of small quarries have been opened in the vicinity of New Glasgow, while a larger one is operated about two miles to the north of the village. The stone is blasted out in large blocks and is then dressed to the required size by means of large hammers. The industry which has thus sprung up is quite extensive, up to the time of my last visit in August, 1891, 541,000 anorthosite paving blocks having been shippped to Montreal by rail. APPENDIX Pkeliminahv Lists of t.ik Oiui.vxir Hemains occcrrin.; in the VARIOLS r;;oLO(lICAI. KoilMATK.NS COMPItlSKn IV THE Soi TII-WKHT . Lituitt's, s|). 7. Eiidoeeras Hecki (?), Hillings. VII r. St. KusKiclH., Two Mountains County, Que.; ool 'ctors, Mur- ray and Uiclmrdsoii (Geological .Suivey collection):— Jimchio/tmlti : 1. Lingula .Mantelli, Hillings. Ci'/'/iii/iijmda ; 2. Orthooeras Montrealense, Hillings. IX. Phillipslmrgh, gue.; R. W. IIUs, 1H90 (in buff-we, thering dolomite): — Echiiiodi'rmata : 1. Pali.'ocystites sp., allied to P. tenuiradiatus. Hall, 2. Orthis Minna, Hillings. (I'liKtiToporla : 3. Suhulites, sp. 4. Ophileta coinplaiiata, Vanuxem. 5. (?) Uaphistouia proavium, Whitfield. 6. Murchisonia Anna (?), Hillings. 7- " gracilens (?), Whittield. 8. " (?) confusa, Whitfield. Trilobita : 9. Amphion Salteri, Billings. 10. Cheirurus, sp. indt. CHAZY FORMATION. X. St. Dominique, Quebec ; R. W. Ells, 1890 (from a dark gray semi-crystalline limestone, weathering yellowish brown— at tfmes arenaceous) : — 116 J QUEBEC. i't n m. Echinoderinata : 1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragmeats. Zoophyta : 2. (?) Columnaria incerta, Billings. Bryozoa (?) ; 3. Solenopora compacta, Billing^. 4. Branching montieuliporoid, not determined. Brack iopoda : 5. Ortliis acuminata, Billings. 6. Orthis Porcia (?), Billings. (In the arenaceous strata.) Gasteropoda : 7. Obscure specimen, not determined. Trilobita : 8. Ampyx Halli, Billings. 9. Asaphus canalis, Conrad. 10. Asaphus, cf. A platycephalus, Stokes. ( = Iaotelus gigas, deKay.) XI. St. Dominique, Quebec; W. E. Deeks, 1891 :— Ilydroxoa : 1. (?) Strephochetus, sp. Brhinoderiuafa : 2. Pala'ocystites tenuiradiatus, Hall.* 3. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments. Bryozoa : 4. Branching monticuliporoidea. Brachiopoda : 5. (?) Orthis pigra, Billings. 6. Orthis platys, Billings. 7. " costalis. Hall. 8. " sp. indt. Gasteropoda : 9. Pleurotomaria, cf. P. Laurentina, Billings. 10. " (Raphistoma) Crevieri, Billings. 11. Raphistoma planistria. Hall. 12. " lenticulare (1), Sowerby. 13. Trochonenia umbilicatum, Hall. 14. Ophileta, cf. O. complanata, Vanuxera. 15. Bucania, sp. AIho BollxjiKjriten Americanus, Billings. ..] APPENDIX. 11 t 3 Pteropoda : 16. (1?)Hyolithes, sp. • : 2'rilobifa : 17. Ainpyx Halli, Billings. 18. Heiiiopleurides, n. sp. 19. Bathyurus, sp. 20. Bathyurus, cf. B. Angelini, Billings. 21- " extans, Hall or allied species. 22. Asaphus canalis, Conrad. 23. Illii'mis globwus (?), Billings. 24. Amphion or Cheirurus, sp. XTI. St. Dominique, Quebec. List of species recorded by Mr. Bil- lings in " Geology of Canada," p. 20G, 18G3. Bryozoa : 1 Ptilodictya fenestrata (MS? ). BrncJiiopoda : 2. Strophomena alternata, Conrad. 3. Orthis platys, Billings. 4. " borealis, Billings. Pelecypoda : 5. Vanuxeruia Montrealensis, Billings. Gasteropoda ; 6. Pleutotomaria Crevieri, Billings. Trilobita : 7. Ampyx Halli, Billings. XIII. St. Dominique, Quebec; T. C. Weston, 1879, and James Richardson, date not given : — Echinodermata ? 1. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. Brachio/ioda : 2. Orthis platys, Billings. 3. " (Hebertella) borealis, Billings. Gasfpropoda : 4. Pleurotomaria (Raphistoma) Crevieri, Billings. Trilobita : 5. Ampyx Halli, Billings. 6. Asaphus marginalis (?), Hall. (? = A. canalis, Conrad). XIV. Two miles south of Abbotsford, Papineau Range Road, Abbotsford, Quebec; \V. E. Deeks, 23rd June, 1891 ; 118 J QUEBEC. It i Ml m Zoophyta : 1. Streptelasma (?), sp. Echinoderttiata : 2. Blastoidocrinus carchariifdens, Billings. 3. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. 4. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments, not determined. Bryozoa : 5. Sti. topora glomerata, Hall. A form resembling that figured by Hall in vol. i., Pal. N.Y., 1847, from the Chazy limestone. Brack iopoda : 6. Lepta'na, fasciata, Hall. Probably a Rafinesquina. 7. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings. 8. " or Zygospira sp., too imperfect for determination. Gasteropoda : 9. Metoptoma Montrealensis, Billings. 10. Raphistoma planistria. Hall. 11. Pleurotomaria calyx, Billings. 12. Maclurea, sp. Trilohita : 13. Asaphua canalis, Conrad. 14. Harpes or Trinucleus sp., shewing sculptured outer margin of cephalic .shield. XV. Grande Ligne Quarries, Que. ; W. E. Deeks, 27th June, 1891. Hydrozoa : 1. Stromatocerium or Cryptozoon, sp. "^ Echinodtrmata : 2. Blastoidocrinus carcharia'dens, Billings. 3. PaliTOcystites tenuiradiatus. Hall. 4. ' " sp. 5. Cystidean fragments, undetermined. Bryozoa : 6. Stietopora, sp., cf. S. glomerata, Hall. 7. Amplexopora (,), sp., or other genus of branching monticuliporoid. 8. Dicranopora, sp. 9. Solenopora or Cryptozoon, sp. Brachiopoda : 10. Lepta'na, sp. 11. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings. 12. " platys (?), Billings. 13. " Porcia, Billings. 14. " probably O. (Dalmanella) perveta, Conrad. lilt.] APPENDIX. 119 J ured by rgin of I, 1891. ooroid. 15. Rhynchonella plena, Hall. 16. Atrypa (?Zygospira) acutirostra, Hall, 17. Triplesia, sp. Gasteropoda : 18. Metoptonia, sj). 19. Pleurotomaria calyx, as of Billings. 20. Raphistoma planistria, Hall. Pteropoda : 21. (?) Hyolithes, sp. Cephalopoda : 22. Endoceras velox, ( = Orthoceras velox, Billings. 23. Orthoceras bilineatum, Hall. Trilohita : 24. Bathyurus spiniger, Billings. 25. Asaphus canalis, Conrad. 26. Illienus arcturus, Hall. 27. " jflobosus, Billings. 28. " Bayfiekli, Billings. Ostracoda : 29. Leperditia Canadensis, v. nana, Jones. XVI. Island of Montreal, Que. ; Thos. Curry, 1888. (Specimens sent to the Geological Survey Dept. for identification— the property of the Peter Redpath Museum of McGill College, Montreal) :— Echhwderinata : 1. Malocystites Murchisoui, Billings. 2. " sp. 3. Paheocystites tenuiradiatus, Hall. XVII. Bord k Plouffe, Que. ; W. E. Decks, 6th July, 1891. Bryozoa : 1. Intricaria, sp. 2. Branching Monticuliporoids. BracJiiopoda : 3. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings. 4. " platys, Billings. 5. " Porcia, Billings. 6. " sp. 7. (?) Rafinesquina alternata, ( = Strophomena alternata, Conrad et auct. 8. Orthis or Strophomena,sp.indt. Too imperfect for identification. Trilohita : 9. Remopleurides sp. 10. Asaphus, sp., portion of cephalic shield. 120 QUEBEC. I Ostracoda : 11. Leperditia, sp., a ratlier large form for the Chnzy formation. IsflTi"" ^*" ^^'"'*''' '^""'*''"'' ^"'•' ^^- ^- ^''"'^«' 7th March, Echinoderinata : 1. Blnatoidocrinus carchariipdens, Billings. 2. Malocystites Murchisoni, Billings. 3. Palmocystites tenuiradiatua, Hall. Bryox.ua : 4. CalloporaorCalloporellasp. Bryozoary, consisting of two kinds t" ' one larger and regularly disposed in rows ; the other, minute mesopores hlhng intervening spaces. 5. Dicranopora (?), sp. 6. Stictopora glomerata (?), Hall. 7. Frondescent forms of monticuliporoidea. 8. Ramose or branching monticuliporoidea. Brack iopo'^a : 9. Lingula, sp. cf. L. Huronensis, Billings. 10. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings, n. « platys, Billings. 12. " disparilis, Billings. cit str,t,: T.;* " '""""■ """" '°™ -»" '- "" 14.. Rhynchonella plena. Hall. Gasteropoda : 15. Ilaphistoma planistria, Hall. Trilohita : 16. Remopleurides (?) sp. 17. Bathyurus, sp., cf. B. Angelini, Billings. thomx'^'''''^'"'' '^■' *™^"'"*' °^ '^"'^^ ^h'^ld ™d pleura of axis and 19. IllR'nus, c/ I. globosus, Billings. 20. " sp. indt. 21. Cheirurus, sp. indt. 22. Lichas (?) sp. 23. Harpes, sp. XIX. Joliette, Que. The following species were collected by N J Gxroux m 1891, close to the bridge over L'Assomption River, near the Canadian Pacific railway station. Echinodermata : 1. PaliBocystites tenuiradiatus. Hall. -•] APPENDIX. 121 .1 Bryozoa : 2. Monticuliporoidea; requiring microscopic sections before identi- fication. Brach iopoda : 3. Lingula, sp. inrlt. 4. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billinirs. Gasteropoda : 5. Pleurotoinaria Crevieri (?), Billings. 6. Raphistonia planistria, v. parvuin, Hall. 7. (?) Bucania sulcatina, Enimon.s. Cephalopoda : 8. Orthoceras (?), sp. indt. 1863^" \tr'' '^"^' "^"'^"'*''y ^"'^ee" of "Geology of Canada," Gasteropoda : 1. " Pleurotoniaria staminea, Hall. ( = Baphistoma stamineum, Hall.) XXI. Island of Montreal, Hochelaga County, Que.; collectors, Logan, B.ll.ngs, Richardson and Bell (Geological Survey collection):- Hydro ida ; 1. Stroinatocerium rugosum. Hall. Cy&toidea and Blastnides : — 2. Malocystites Murchisoni, Billings. ^- " Barrandei, Billings. 4. Blastoidocrinus carcharisedens, Billings. 5. Paln>ocystites tenuiradiatus. Hall. 6. Glyptocystites Forbesi, Billings. 7. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. This is probably a portion of the interior of one of the cystoidea so prevalent in these rocks. Crinoidea : 8. Crinpidal columns. Bryozoa ; 9. Monotrypella undulata, Nicholson. 10. Stenopora patula, Billings. Brachiopoda : 11. Lingula Belli, Billings. 12. Ilafinesquina alternata, (Conrad). 13. Orthis (Dalmanella) perveta, Conrad. ^*- " " subrequata, Conrad. 1^- " " gibbosa, Billings. 122 J QUEBEC. 16. Orthis Porcia, Billings. 17. " disparilis; Billings. 18. Rhynchonellfi plena, Hall. Pelecypoda ; 19. Vanuxemia Montrealensis, Billings. Gasteropoda ; 20. Metoptonia Montrealen.sis, Billings. 21. Pleurotomaria iuimatura, Billings. > 22. " calyx, Billings. Vermes : 23. Serpulites splendens, Billings. Trilobita : 24. Sphierexochus parvus, Billings. XXir. Island of Montreal, Que. ; outcrops of the Chazy forma- tion. Peter Redpath Museum collection :— Cyatoidea : 1. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. 2. Palfi'ocystites, sp. 3. Palajocystites tenuiradiatus.. Hall. 4. Malocystites Murchisoni, Billings. Mantoidea ; 5. Blastoidocrinus carchariiedens, Billings. Crinoidea ; 6. Rhodocrinus asperatus, Billings. Bryozoa : 7. Phylloporina aspera, Hall. 8. Monticulipora (?), sp. Brachiopoda : 9. Orthis platys, Billings. 10. " (Hebertella) imperator, Billings. 11. " (Dalmanella) perveta, Conrad. 12. Rhynchonella plena. Hall. Gasteropoda : 13. Pleurotomaria, sp. Trilobita : 14. Sphwrexochv J parvus, Billings. XXIII. Caughnawaga, Laprairie County, Que. ; Peter Redpath Museum collection : — Echinodermata : 1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments. 2. Blastoidocrinus carchariipdens, Billings. 3. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. IUJ.1 APPENDIX. 123 J Gasteropoda : 4. Raphistoma staminaum, Hall. XXIV. Caughnawaga, Laprairie County, Que. ; collectors, Logan, Billings and Richardson (Geological Survey collection) .— Cystoidea : 1. Glyptocystites Forbesi, Billings. Brachiopoda : 2. Orthis acuminata, Billings. PHILLIPSBURG SERIES. XXV. Road between Phillipsburg and St. Armand, County of Mis sisquoi, Que. ; collected by R. W. Ells, J. F. Whiteaves afid W E Deeks, 1890 :— Echinodermata : 1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments. Brachiopoda : 2. Lingula, sp. indt. 3. Orbiculoidea, sp. nov. (?) 4. Orthis (?) Armanda, Billings. 5. Orthis Electra, Billings. 6. " Minna, Billings. 7. Hemipronites (?), sp. indt. 8. Triplesia lateralis, Whitfield. 9. " calcifera (?), Billings. Gasteropoda : 10. Pleurotomaria Missisquoi, Billings. ^^- " sp. nov. (?), non. P. Hortensia, Bill., nor P. Hor- tensia, Billings, as of Whitfield, but closely related. " difficilis, Whitfield. " Beekmanensis, Whitfield. sp. with alation along the outer edge of the body volution. " sp. allied to P. Missisquoi, Billings. Murchisonia, sp., cf. M. Vesta, Billings. " Missisquoi, Billings. 18. Bellerophon Palinurus, Billings. 19. Lophospira Cassina, Whitfield. 20. " (?) sp. indt. 21. Holopea Cassina, Whitfield. 22. " arenaria (?), Billings. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 124 .1 QUEBEC. 23. Holopea, sp. indt. 24. Euomphalus circumliratus, Whitfield. 2^- '* sp-, '/ E. calciferus, Whitfield. 26. Ophileta complanata, Vanuxcm. 27. Ecculioniphalus volutatus, Whitfield. 28. Raphistoma stamineum, Hull (?=Pleurotomaria docens or calyx, Bill. 29- " sp. indt., No. 1. 30. " sp. indt.. No. 2. 31. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings. 32. " sp. 33. Subulites obesus, Whitfield. 34. (?) Calaurops lituiforniis, Whitfield. Cephalopoda : 35. Endoceras, sp. nov. (?) 36. Orthoceras Missisquoi, Billings 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. Brainerdi, Whitfield, explorator, Billings. Cataline (i), Billings. Lanmrcki, Billings, biliueatum. Hall (as of Whitfield). 42. Litoceras, sp., cf. L. Whiteavesi. Hyatt, ( = Nautilus versutus, pars. Billings. 43. " sp. 44. Nautilus (?) sp. A large form. Exact generic relation not defi- nitely ascertained. 45. Schroederoceras Eatoni, Whitfield. ^^- " " var. Cassinensis, Whitfield, 47. Eurystomites Kelloggi, Whitfield. 48. " sp. indt. Trilohita : 49. Agnostus Galba, Billings or a nearly related species. 50. Remopleurides affinis, Billings. 51. Bathyurus SafTordi, Billings (abundant). ^^' " sP' probably a new species, closely related to B. marginatus, Billings, conicus, Billings. (Not the Bathyurus conicus of Whitfield.) sp., cf. B. Cordai, Billings. sp., with a long and fairly stout terminal spine at the extremity of the caudal shield ; a much larger species f han B. caudatus. 56. Bathyurellus expansus, Billings. ^^* " glandicephalus, Whitfield. 53. 54. 55. ILK '■] APPENDIX. 125 J 58. Asaphus canalis, Conrad. 59. Illrenus simulator, Billings. 00. sp. Too imperfect for identificatioi 'US, sp. L. Champlainenense, Whitfiel 61. Cheirui 62. Lichas, sp. Ostracoda ; 63. Le[)erditia, sp. indt. XXV r. Boundary line, lot 122, east of St. xVrmand P. O., 1.50 yards west of road t(. mill, Missisquoi Co., Que. Collectors : R. W. Ells and W. E. Deeks, 1891. 1. (?) Solenopora conipacta, or Girvanella, sp. £c/i iuodmnata : 2. Crinoidal fragments. Brachiopoda : 3. Ortliis, sp. indt. 4. " sp. with acutely rostrate umbo. ^. " sp. No. 3, not determinable. 6. Strophonifciioid shell, with thread-like striie at the beak which widen out anteriorly into coarse angular costie. 7. Triplesia, sp. Ganti'ropoda ; 8. Pleurotomaria, .sp. indt. 9. Ophileta, sp., cf. O. complanata, Vanuxem. 10. " sp. 11. Raphistoma or Trochonema, sp. Cephidopoda : 12. Orthoceras Missisquoi vel O. furtivum, Billings. Trilobita : 13. Dolichometopus (?) sp. 14. Bathyurus, sp., probably a new species. 15. " SafTordi, Billings. 16. Asaphus canalis, Conrad, or a very closely related species. 17. Cheirurus or Amphion, sp. Ostracoda : 1 8. Leperditia, sp. XXVII. Bedford, Que., lot 20, range VI., tp. of Stanbridge, Que J. F. Whiteaves, 1878. h , H ^ Brachiopoda : 1. Lingula, sp,, probably a new species. 2. Orbiculoidea, n. sp. 3. Orthis Minna, Billings. 126 J QUEBEC. Gasteropoda : 4. Bellerophon Palinurus, Hillings. 5. Mttclurea ponderoaa, Billings. Tri/o/iifa : 6. Agnostus Galba (?), Billings. 7. Remopleuriiles affiuis, Billings. 8. Bathyurus Saffordi, Billings. 9- " breviceps (?), Billings. 10. Bathyurellus expansus, Billings. 11. Illipnus simulator, Billings. Ostracoda : 12. Leperditia, n. sp. colfeS"r'""'^'"^^' """^-^ ''"'"'^' '" ^^^'^'°^*'^^' '-^^^ The following species were de.=cribed by Mr. Billings from the JrhUlipsburg limestones as follows : Echinodermata : 1. Palieocystites tenuiradiatus, Hall. Pal. Foss., vol. T., p. 63. Brachiopoda : 2. Orthis (?) Armanda, Billings, ibid., p. 303. Gasteropoda : 3. Pleurotomaria Postumia, Billings, ibid., p. 91. 4. Mui-chisonia Hyale, Billings, ibid., p. 33. 5. Pleurotomaria Missisquoi, Billings, ibid., p. 191. 6. Ophileta abdita, Billings, ibid., p. 189. 7. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings, ibid., p. 239. 8. Metoptoma Niobe, Billings, ibid., p. 37. Cephalopoda : 9. Nautilus Pomponius, Billings, ibid., p. 26. 10. Cyrtoceras Aristides, Billings, ibid., p. 316. 11. Orthoeeras repens, Billings, ibid., p 312 12. - 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. « K (( II II 11 Catulus, Billings, p. 313. Missisquoi, Billings, p. 314. Cato, Billings, p. 315. Cataline, Billings, p. 315. Sayi, Billings, p. 315. Tityrus, Billings, p. 316. ••] APPENDIX. 127 Trilobita : 18. Dikelocephalus Missisquoi, Billings, p. 199. ' Besides the above Phillipsburg fossils reeonled by Billings. Prof Whitheld also records the occurrence of Cryptozoon Steeli, B.ainerd and heely, in Bull. Am. Mus. N. Hist, vol. III., No. 1, p. 6, 1890. XXIX. One mile and a half east of Phillipsburg, Que. ; purchased from Cieorge Hogle, Esq., 1890. Jirachiopoda ; 1. Orthis, sp. indt. Gasteropoda : 2. Pleurotomaria, sp. Cephalopoda : 3. (h-thoceras, cf. O. furtivum, Billings. 4. " sp. 8. " sp., cf. 0. Tityrus, Billings. Trilobita : 6. Bathyurus, sp., c/. B. Saffordi, Billings. XXX. Lot 22, Con. VI., Stanbridge, Que. ; R. W. Ells, 1890. EchiHodermata : 1. Crinoidal fragments. Iirachio]}oda ; 2. Lingulellu, sp. nov. 3. Discina, sp. nov. 4. Orthis Corinna, Billings. 5. " Armanda, Billings. 6. " cf. 0. Minna, Billings. 7. " sp. nov. 8. " sp. indt. 9. Leptella decipiens (?), Billings. 10. " sp. 11. Strophomena Aurora (?), Billings. ..^"\ " ^P- '^o^- With prominent thread-like radiatin" lines, between which can be seen numerous and concentrically arranged wrmkles or rugte resembling those of Strophomena (Leptagonia) rhom- boidahs, Wilckens, and Strophomena Stephani, Barrande. 13. Poramlwnites, sp. nov., or other rhynchonelloid brachiopod •whose aflSnities are not as yet ascertained. ' Gastero])oda : 14. Pleurotomaria, sp. 1 5. Clisospira curiosa, Billings. 128 .r Q I' En EC. CephaJiipoda : Ifi. Orthoceras MiH.sis(|uoi, Hillings. 17. " sp. Cirripedia ; 18. Turrile,m,s, sp. n„v. No. 1. Opercular valve of a s^K-cies of Tur- niepaH w.th cmrselyinarked rai.s,Hl or pn.,ninont concentric lines of sculpture when seen under a magnifying lens. 19 Turrilepas, sp. „ov. No. 2. (>p;rcular valve marked hv very fine close y-arran«ed, concentric linos, Ifotl. species (18) and '(I'J. Nos land -2 of this collection-are distinct fron. Turrilepas Canaden.sis, Woo,lward, ,I..scr.be,l l,y Dr. Henry Woodward* from the Utica o (.Ottawa, Canada. Trilohitit : 20. AgnostuH, sp. nov. -1- " fialha, Billings, or n. sp. 22. (?) Dikelocephalus, sp. (j)ygidia). 23. (?) Dolichonietopus, sp. 24. Hemopleurides atKnis, Hillings. 25. Bathyurus Saffordi, Hillings. 26. " Nero 11), Hillings, or a very closely related form 27. " sp. 28. Bathyurellus expansus, Billings. 29- " validus (?), Hillings. 30. Asaphus Huttoni (?), Billings. 31. " canalis (?), Conrad 32. lllienus consimilis, Billings. 33. •< arcuatus, Billings. 34. " incertus, Billings. 36. " simulator, Billings. 36. • " tumidifrons (i), Billings. 37. Cheirurus prolificus, Billings. 38. '« Vulcanus (?), Billings. 39. " sp. 40. Lichas Jukesii, Billings. 41. Harpides desertus, Billings. 42. Harpes Granti, Billings. T> ^^^J:. ^*^^^' ^''"- ^^•' Stenbridge, Que. Collection made by R. W. Ells, J. F. Whiteaves, and W. E. Deeks, in 1891. The following additional species to list from preceding locality were noted : — "^ Bryozoa : 1- Zo arium somewhat resembling that of Intricaria. *Geol. Mag., vol. VI., p. 271, London, 1889. lU*. ■] APPENDIX. Ii'9 J Ganternfmda (?) .- 2. ClisoHpira curiosa, Hillings. XXXII. One mile south of liedford, Quo., R. w. Ells, 1890. OiiHteropodn : 1. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings. XXXIII. Stanbridge, Que., J. F. Whiteaves, 1890. (InxtorDpnda ; PIcurotoinaria, sp. 2. Maclurea ponderosa, killings. Trilohita : 3. Bollwcephalus (?), sp. indt. X.KXIV. Three-eighths of a mile north of Mystic Station C P R Stanbndge, Que., R. W. Ells and W. E. Deeks, 1890. ' Brachinpoda : 1. I^t'ptiena (Pleetambonites), sp. 2. Orthis (?), Armanda, iJillings. 3. Orthis Minna, Billings. *• " sp. indt., No. 1. ^- " " No. 2. Gasteropoda : 6. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings. CephaJopoda : Trifobitn : 8. (?) Remopleurides, sp. 9. Asaphus, sp., cf. A. canalis, Conrad. 10. Illan.us, sp., cj. I. fr.iternus, Billings. 11. " tumidifrons, Billings. 12. " sp. indt. 13. CheirurusPolydorus? Billings l-*- " (?) sp. indt. XXXV. Between Bedford and Parnham Ono /\t ^• R. W. Ells, 1890. ^arnnam, Que. (Mystic station), Dr. Brachiopoda : 1. Trematis or Lingula, sp. indt. 2. (?) Acrotreta, sp. indt. 3. Eichwaldia, sp. 4. Skenjdium (?) sp. - 9 N 130 QUEBEC. Or a closely related species. 5. Orthis apicalis, Billings. 6. Triplesia radiata, WhitKeld. Pturopoda : 7. Conularia plana, Whitfield. Cephalopoda : 8. Cyrtoceras, sp. 9. Orthoceras, sp. Trilobita : 10. Bathyurus, sp. 11. " Cordai, Billings. 12. " Saffordi, Billings. 13. ^glina, sp. 14. Amphion Westoni, Billings. 15. " or Cheirurus, sp. 16. Proetus roicropyge 1 Corda. Or a closely related and new species. Ostracoda : 17. Primitia cristata? Whitfield. XXXVI. One mile and a quarter east of Phillipsburg, north of the road to St. Arinand, Que. Dr. Ells, Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, and Mr. W. E. Deeks, August 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th, 1890. Hydrozoa : 1. Stromatofciium or Cryptozoon, sp. Brarhiopoda : 2. Lepta-na ? sp. indt. 3. Orthis, sp., cf. O. Minna, Billings. 4. " Corinna, Billings. 5. " Arinanda, Billings. 6. " Electra, Billings. ( = Dalmanella Electra.) 7. " n. sp. 8. (?) sp. indt. 9. Triplesia c:.Ic'fera, Billings. 10. " radiata, Whitfield. 11. " sp. Gasteropoda : 12. Pleurotoniaria Missisquoi, Billings. 13. " vagrans ? Billings. 14. « cf. P. difficilis, Whitfield. 15. " Beek ma nensis, Whitfield. (? = P. Calcifera, Billings.) 16. Murchisonia, sp. No. 1. 17. " sp. No. 2. N s ILLS ■] APPENDIX. 131 J Ns 18. Helicotonia, .sp. 19. Bellerophoa, sp. ■ 20. Trybliaium pileolum, Whitfield. 21. Platyceras acutum, Wliitfield. ( = Ti7biidium acutum, Wliitfield.) 22. Ecculiomphalus (Phanerotinus) intortus, Billines 23. " ,sp. indt. ^' 24. Ophileta bella, Billings. (Euomphalus proper). 25. Calaurops lituiforinis, Whitfield. 26. Fusispiia, sp. indt. Cepfialopocla : 27 Orthoceras sp., cf. O. bilineatum. Hall, also O. Cataline, Bill., Fig. 5, Bull. Am. Mus., N.H., vol. III., pi. 2. 28. Orthoceras, n. sp. 29. " sp. 30. " Lamarcki, Billings, or a cloHely related species. 31- " Cataline, Billings. 32. " furtivum (?), Billings. 33. Cyrtoceras, sp., ,•/. C. Raei, Whitfield. 34. " Kirbyi (?), Whitfield. 35. " (?), sp. 36. Gyroceras, sp.. No. 1. 37. " (?) sp., No. 2. 38. Lituites Farnsworthi, Billings. Trilobita : 39. Asaphus canalis, Conrad. 40. " sp. 41. Nileus, sp. indt. 42. Bathyurus Saffordi, Billings. 43. Bathyurellus expansus (?) Billings. 44. Bolbocephalus Seelyi, Whitfield. 45. Illipnus, sp. 46. Cht'irurus, sp. 18?^^"" ^* ^^' '^"^^ ^^^ ^^'''^^"^g^' Q"«bec; Ells and Deeks, Hydrozoa : 1. Hyalostelia (?) sp. Rod-like spicule (?) of a paheozoic sponge relat- ed to this genus, if not the same. 2. Cryptozoon, sp., c/. C. Steeli, Brainerd and Seely (n. sp )_Bull Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. II. ^ ^ ^' ^""• 9^ 132 J QUEBEC. Brachiopoda : 3. Leptiena (Plectambonites) sp.; a large form. 4. Orthis Evadne(?), Billings. 5. " sp. indt. 6. " sp. No. 1. 7. " sp. No. 2. 8. Triplegia radiata, Whitfield. 9. " calcifera, Billings. 10. " cf. T. lateralis, Whitfield. Gasteropoda : 11. Pleurotomaria (?) sp., not sufficiently well preserved to ascertain definitely. Trilobita : 12. Bathyurus Saffordi, Billings. 13. " sp., c/. B. quadratus, Billings. 14. " sp. ^ 15. Ilhenus, sp. ZXXVIII. Stanbridge, Que., probably lot 20, range VI.; described and recorded by E. Billings in "Paleozoic Fossils," vol. i, pp. 301- OOu, Brachiopoda : 1. Orthis Corinna, p. 302. 2. " Minna, p. 303. 3. Camerella breviplicata, p. 304. 4. " polita, p. 305. 6. " (?) costata, p. 305. Gasteropoda : 6. Murchisonia Missisquoi, p. 307. 7. Bellerophon Palinurus, p. 311. 8. Ophileta bella, p. 310. Trilobita : 9. Asaphus(?) curiosus, p. 318. 10. Bathyurellus expansus, p. 318. 11. Ainphion Westoni, p. 321. 12- " convexus, p. 323. 13. Cheirurus Glaucus, p. 323. 14- " Vulcanus, p. 324. 15. " prolificus, p. 325. 16. Remopleurides affinis, p. 325. 17. Ilhenus simulator, p. 327. 18. Harpes Granti, p. 326. J a: ti b w« W( Ms De APPENDIX. 133 J 19. IlL-enus incertus, p. 332. 20. Lichas Jukesii, p. 335. QUEBEC (CITY) FORMATION. XXXIX. Lot 19, range II., Stanstead, Que. Collected by H M Ami and R. W. Ells, 1886, in a cuttingon the main road, on the eastern side of Lake Memphremagog, about 100 yards north of the entrance to the grounds and residence of the late Sir Hugh Allan. Determined by Dr. Charles Lapworth. Graptolitoidea : 1. Diplograptusfoliaceus, Murchison (=Diplograptuspristis,Hall.) 2. Dicellograptus, sp., allied to D. Forchammeri, Geinitz. ^- " divaricatus, Hall. 4. Climacograptus perexcavatua, Lapworth. 5. Corynoides calycularis, Nicholson. 6. Dicranograptus sp. (?). XL Lot 7, range XV., Magog, Que. Collected by H. M. Ami and R. W. i.lls, 1886, about 150 yards south of the forks of the road along the west side of Lake Memphremagog. Determined by Dr. Charles Lao- worth. *^ Graptolitoidea : 1. Dicranograptus ramosus. Hall. 2. Diplograptus angustifolius. Hall. 3- " foliaceus, Murchison. *• " perexcavatus, Lapworth. 5. Climacograptus bicornis, Hall. 6 " ccelatus, Lapworth. XLI. Castle Brook, Willard's Mill, lot 5, range XV., township of Magog, Que. Collections made here by Dr. R. W. Ells and W E Deeks, 1890, and by H. M. Ami assisted by H. B. Cushing, 1894. 1. Leptograptus, sp. indt. 2. Dicellograptus, probably n. sp. 3. Dicranograptus ramosus, Hall. 4. Climacograptus bicornis. Hall. **• " " var. scalaris. 6. " n. sp. 7. Diplograptus foliaceus, Murchison. *^- " angustifolius,, Lapw. 9. Glossograptus ciliatus, Emmons. 10. Corynoides, sp. 134 J QUEBSC. XLII Bolton. A small collection-marked " loose "-probably from lot 6, range XIII. of Bolton, west side of Lake Memphremagog, 1. Climacograptus bicornis, Hall. 2. Diplograptus foliaceus, Murchison. ^' *' angustifolius, Lapw. XLIII DruAimondville, Que. Collected by a member of the Geological Survey SUflf, 1863. In a rusty weathering indurated graptohtic shale. 1. Leptograptus, sp. 2. Dicellograptus sextans, Hall. 3. Climacograptus, sp., r/. C. bicornis. Hall. var. scalaris. 4. (?) Dendrograptus simplex, Walcott. 5. Leptobolus, sp., or a closely related genus of small brachiopod. too imperfectly preserved and irregularly compressed to be identified with certainty. .^fl'^l- ^'''';"^*'" ^""*'-«' I^°t 26, Range I, Que. ; T. C. Weston, 187J. In a dark blue indurated limestone, weathering brown. Billing?''''"""^ '^^"'°'" ""* ^^""^ ^^P"*'' *"" ^^ £olhop,yritesAv^ricanus, liryozoa ; 2. Pachydictya, sp. A diminutive form of the genus. Brachiopoda ; 3. Lingula, sp., cf. L. lole, Billings, or allied species. This form may eventually prove to be a Schizambon. 4. Small Orthis-like or lept»T>noid shell, with two distinct kinds of longitudinal cost^e. Fifteen (15) larger radiating costa. from the beak .o the oacer margin, and smaller and more numerous costa. between .nose larger ones-usually four in number between two of the larger costa, counted along the outer margin. Genus and species not deter- mined. A diminutive form allied to Leptiuna. 5. Orthis, sp., resembling O. delicatula, Billings. Trilobita : 6. Ampyx Halli, Billings. Very small form. Cephalon, -5 mm m breadth, and -85 mm. in length. XLV Farnham, Que., Lot 26, Range L ; J. Richardson, 1861 In a dark blue indurated brown weathering lim«^stone. ,..] APPENDIX. 135 J Brachiopoda : 1. Obolelloid shell. t5«neric relations obscure. 2. Lepticna, sp. A smooth variety which resembles L. sordida Billings, and L. livvissima, McCoy, in " Synopsis of Silurian fossils of Ireland," p. 27, pi. iii, fig. 7, 1846. A. Leptella. 3. Leptama, sp., cf. Orthis quitiquevostata, McCoy, p. 33, pi. iii, fig. 8 of "Synopsis of the Silurian fossils of Ireland," McCoy, 1840, .and subsequently described as Leptwna quin.iuecostata, McCoy. Length of hinge line in Farnham specimen = 1-25 mm. Possibly Leptella. 4. Leptiena, sp. Probably a Plectambonites, like P. sericea, (Sowerby). 5. Strophomena, sp., resembles very closely " Orthis tmdnlata, McCoy " in his " Synopsis of the Silurian fossils of Ireland," p. 36, pi. iii. fig. 22, 1846. ^ 6. Strophomena, c/. S. Aurora, Billings, but much smaller,apparently a diminutive form with coarse and fine striw alternating. 7. Orthis, sp. cf. O. Electra, Billings. With rather strong radiating costal This form appears to be a true Dalmanella. 8. Orthis, cf. O. delicatula, Billings. 9. " sp., indt. 10. Rhynchonella or Camerella (Triplesia). Too imperfect for identification. C'irripedia ; 11. Turrilepas (?), sp. Trihhita B 12. Triarthrus, sp.; cf. T. Fischeri, Billings, or T. Angelini, Linnars- son. 13. Ampyx Halli, Billings. 14. Asaphus- or IlUenus-like fragments, too imperfect for determi- nation. • 15. Lichas (?), sp. An obscure portion of the cephalic shield of a trilobite resembling this genus. 16. Dalmanites, sp., of the type of Dalmanites callicephalus, Green. Ostracoda : 17. Leperditia, or^Beyrichia, sp. ' XLVI. Lot 41, ranges V. and VI., West Farnham, Que.; T. C. Weston, 1876. (Two collections, A and B). A — In light-coloured rock atid shales. Gasteropoda : 1. Cast of the interior of a gasteropod, probably a Pleurotomaria or Holopea. 136 QUKBEC. -. Oph.leta(?)bella, Billings. Referable to the genus Euomphalus 3 Lophospra (?), sp. indfc. Portion of the last or body "£on of a large gasteropod, cf. Lophospira Cassina, Whitfield ^ 4. Maclurea, sp. Trilobita : 5. llhenus or Asaphus, sp. Too imperfect for identification. S~In black rusty-weathering shales. Echinodermata : 1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments. Brachiopoda ; 2. Leptasna (?), sp. indt. 3. Orthis, sp. Too fragmentary for identification. Trilobita ; 4. Bathyurus, sp. A very diminutive form. XLVII Lot 41, Range V., Farnham, Que.; J. Richardson, 1861 In a compact hght-coloured limestone, made up of small i regularly rounded pellets showing oolitic structure. irregularly- Gasteropoda : 1. Bucania, sp. Probably a new species. Not Bellerophon Palin- rus. Umbdicus open with fairly sharp keel on back ..Maclurea, sp., of. M. ponderosa, Billings. A very small but ^lerably perfect cast of a species of Maclurea.'in cha*t7rsTn1 pt portions agreeing with M. ponderosa, Billings. ^ F- Jnh^" n ^* ^ V"''^' "^"•' ^'^■''"^""' Q"«- ' J- Richardson, 1861 Farnham Centre, Que.; T. C. Weston, 1872. In black rusty weathering and wrinkled shale. ' ^• Graptolitoidea : . 1. Fragments of graptolite, genus and species undeterminable showing the hydrothec. only on one side of'the polyparrThe e are visible some sixty (60) hydrothec.^ in the space of five (5) centT T^t^'Z T Vr '^^'^ ^'^^ ^'^'''^^- ^^« ^'^'^ resemble iat of Castle Brook, Lake Memphremagog. XLIX. Road, Farnham Centre to Cowansville, 2i miles west of Cowausville, lot 36. range VI., Dunham, Que. ; 'r. V Ells 1 90 In a very coarse and hard bluish-gray limestone. Echinodermata : 1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments. '•] APPENDIX. 137 J BrachiojMcla 2. Leptiena (Plectambonites) sp. Fragmer.t. : 3 Orthis, type of Dalmanella testudinaria Dalraan. A very small and diminutive form. ^ ^ Trilobif - .- 4. Asaphus or fragment of asaphoid trilobite field, Bilhngs. Note-Also an obscure bryozoary allied to Ptilodictya. L. Allan's Corners, Que. ; R. W. Ells, 1890. Echinodermata ; Bryosoa : 2. Ptilodictya, sp., or allied genus. Brachiopoda : 3. Leptajna (Plectambonites) sp. like P. sericea, Sowerby 4. Lept.ena decipiens, Billings. ( = Leptella decipiens. Hall). 5. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman Trilobita : 7. Asaphus, sp. 8. Dalnianites, sp. tiot^' "^°* "^' '^"^^ ^■' ^*'* ^^'''^^"^'n. Q»e. ; Geological Survey collec- The following notes were prepared by the late Mr. E. Billings. " The fossils of the Farnham limestones are for the most part in a fragmentary condition, and not determinable specifically. The follow- ing genera have, however, been recognized :— the'Lvfr^'"'*'^"'' ^ '^'"''" "^""""^^ resembling G. bryonoides of " 2. Ptifodiy,, like P. acuta of the Trenton. This genus is un- known below the Chazy. '• 3. Stenopora. This genus ranges from the Levis upwards 4. Orthw. Ranges from the Menevian upwards. ^'' 5. Leptcena. One species, L. decipiens, occurs in the I^vis.' b. Ampyx. Ranges from the I^vis upwards. •' 7. Dnlmanites. Not known below the Trenton. '■ 8. Lichas. L^vis upwards. 138 QUEBEC. " 9. Triarthrna. L(5vis upwards. " ^.0. Trmucleus. Not known below the Trenton. "11. Agnostus. Occurs in the Levis and older rocks in America. In Jiurope, somewhat higher. " The following are the peculiarities of this collection :— " The genera of trilobites characteristic of the Levis are absent The genera (of trilobites) that do occur, are those of the higher rocks The brachiopoda are more like those of the Trenton than those of the Quebec group. PtUodktya and Stenopora are also types that had their greatest development after the general fauna of the Levis became extinct. The graptolite is of a type characteristic of the Levis and of the Skiddaw slates. Tiie Agno.tm is one of a type that ran^s from the Lower Silurian downwards. "The most curious ehuracter is that of the two genera (.l^„„s^„« and Graptohthus) which f. re common in the Levis, and represented by full- sized individuals. But all those characteristic of the higher rocks are nimute. The trilobites when perfect were mostly not more than three or four lines in length. This may be thus accounted for It IS known that on their first appearance many genera and even families consist of only very small species. The Trenton forms at Farnham, therefore, may be the ancestors of the species that after- wards came in. The fossils thus far collected, at this locality, furnish no evidence whatever that the rock is older than the Levis, but rather that It IS a stage more recent than the limestone of Point Levis and Philhpsburg." " E. B." LIL Clarenceville, Que., range IIL, one mile and a half west of village, on the road from Lacolle, Que. ; R. W. Ells and W E Deeks 12th June, 1891. (Range IIL. Township of Foucault, Que., between Richelieu River and Missisquoi Bay.) Graptolitoidea : 1. Diplograptua foliaceus, Murchison. 2- " angustifolius, Hall. 3- " pristis (?), Hisinger (as of Hall). 4. Dicranograptus ramosus, Hall. 5. Climacograptus bicornis. Hall. LIIL Ix)t 20, range V., Stanbridge, Que. ; about half a mile north of road to North Stanbridge, R. W. Ells, 1890. In a dark grayish- blue pyntiferous limestone. IIU.] APPENDIX. ]39 Graptolitoidea ; in the space o'f Te 2S"^^ '"""^' '''''''''''"' ^'^^' ^^ (^«) thect o!r/o:'i;:e sit:;'"':"' "' ^''^^ ^''^'^ ^^^^^^ *° «^- m™. 4. (vObolus?Murruyi, Billings. 6." Wet 'fo "^r t^tT'"' '^'"•"^'■^' ^-^""^ '"'^-'d-'^'^- 7 O fh p Tf thl : rT'rr-' '"'•' °^ '""^^^^ -^'^^^d thereto, compared w ^h Ne J T 1 ^''""'"''^' ^^"'"^'^' ^"* ^'^ti-t -'-n see/t o be rot f . ^ ""-"-^IfP-'-ens of O. delieatula. There are 8. OrthiTpIrre^C^l!'"^-^^^^^ ^-"«- -- ^-realated. the type o^ a'^^^a'' "" ""'" ^°™ "''^ *'" ^'''^ '^'^'^- «"« «ost«of Gasteropoda : 11. Scenelhi or Metoptoma, sp. Pferopoda : 12. Hyolithes or Coleoprion, sp. Trilobita : " 13. Bathyurus-Iike trilobite, small head shield only preserved ■ l1;:f "' ^P- f'' "^^ ^-P^- - closely related gnus l'^- Illa>nus, sp. indt. pygidium. ® \tracoda''- ^"° '"^P^^^^ ^^ identification. 17. Isochilina or Polycope, sp. indt. Graptolitoidea .■ 1. Climacjgraptus, n. sp. (?) J" ,-^. " bicornis? Hall. •J. » Dicranograptus sp. TRENTON FORMATION. BLACK RIVER DIVISION. arnston, jr. (Geological Survey Museum, Ottawa):— .•:-■• B 140 J QUEBEC. Eoophyta : 1. Coluiunaria Halli, Nicholson. Pelecyjwda : 2. Cyrtodonta subcarinata, Billings. Ganteropoda : 3. Pleurotomaria Arachne, Billings. Cephalopoda : 4. Aetinoceras Bigsbyi, Stokes. Trilohita : 5. Bathyurus extans, Hall. 6. Encrinurus vigilans, Hall. LVI. Pointe Claire, old quarries for stone in piers of Victoria bridge Jacques Cartier Co.. Island of Montreal. Que. Peter Redpath Mu eu^ collection. McGill University, Montreal. Hydroida : 1. Stromatocerium rugosum, Hall. Zoophyta : 2. Tetradium fibratum, Safford. Bryozoa : ^ 3. Pachydictya acuta. Hall. Brachiopoda : 4. Trematis Montrealensis, Billings. Pelecypoda : 5. Cyrtodonta Huronensis, Billings 6. " sp. ^' Gasteropoda ; 7. Murchisonia perangulata. Hall. 8. Helicotoma larvata, Salter. Cephalopoda : 9. Orthoceras multicameratum. Hall. 10. Gonioceras anceps, Hall. Ostracoda ; 11. Primitia leperditioides, Jones. Trilobita : 12. Bathyurus extans, Hall. 13. Encrinurus vigilans (?), Hall. J^sus, Lava Co Que. Collected by Dr. R. W. Ells and Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, 189o. Determined by Mr. Whiteaves in September. 1895 ■lU.] APPBNDIX. Planttp ; 1. Licrophycu« Ottawai^nsis (?), Billings. Hydroida : 2. Stromatocerium rugosum (?), Hall. Zoophyta : 3. Tetradium fibratum, Safford 4. Columnaria Halli, Nicholson. 5. Streptelasma corniculum, Hall. Bryozoa ; 6. Pachydictya acuta, Hall. Crinoidea : 7. Glyptocrinus, stem fragments. Bnu'hiopoda : a Strophomena incurvata, Shepard. Pelecypoda : 9- Cyrtodonta Huronensis, Billings. Gasteropoda : 10. Murchisonia gracilis, Hall. Cephalopoda : 11. Gonioceras anceps, Hall. 12. Actinoceras Bigsbyi, .Stokes. 13. Cyrtoceras, several species. 14. Orthoceras << 141 TRENTON DIVISION. June!"/9l''- '''"^"■^"^' ^- Higher beds. W. E. Deeks, I9th ^chinodermata : 1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments. ■Sryozoa : .2. Prasopora Selwyni, Nicholson* C— P i t>. Urthis tncenaria, Conrad 7- " sp. a Platystrophi^bJfor^ta^Sc^^ lynx. Eichwald M.c...ec.o„ 213, o^iiri;:^^:^a:r:^^^dV^5^ 142 .r qVKnKC. 9. Strophoineaa incurvata, Shopard, Hall. 10. Hafine,squii,a alternata (Conrad), Emmons. 11. Plectainlwjnites seiicea, Sowerby, Cephatopoda ; 12. Orthoceras (?) .sp. TrihMla : 13. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton. 14. Cttlymene Honaria, Conrad. li>. Asaphus, sp. .nuT. St. Dominique Que.; T. C. Weston, 1879, and J. Richard- son, date not g.ven. The rock is a sul.-crystalline limestone traversed m many directions by white veins of calcite. Bryozoa : 1. Prasopora Selwyni, Nicholson. 2. (?) Monotryi)ella Trentonensis, Nicholson. Brachiopoda : 3. Orthis tricenaria, Conrad. ■i. Platystrophia biforata, Schlotheim, var. lynx, Eichwald o. Strophomena incurvata, Shepard. 6. Kafinesquina alternata (Conrad), Emmons. 7. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby. Trilohita : 8. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes. ( = Isotelus gioiis. DeKay.) 9. (?) Encrinurus vitrilans. Hall. LX. St. Pie Que. ; Thus. C. Weston. 1S79. In a dark gray impure Innestone with white veins of calcite. Not classified :-SoLioporI compacta, Billings. ^ Bryvzoa : 1. PrasofKira Selwyni, Nicholson. 2. (?) Monotrypella Trentonensis, Nicholson. Brach ioftoilii : 3. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman. 4. Platystrophia biforata, Schlotheim, var. lynx, Eichwa'd •^. Rafinesquina alternata (Conrad), Emmons. 6. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby. Gasteropoda : 7. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby. 8. Murchisonia gracilis, HalL ••J APPEVniX. 14;J J TrUobitn : y. Ciilyniene senaria ?, Conrad. 10. A.saphu8 I.latycej.httlu.s?, Stokes. on^tftninf :^;::;f .;- ?"- ^-^'' -^ Abhousfonl. Qu.. Ei'h inndennnta : 1. Crinoidal fragments. Jiryoxoa ; 2. Pra.sopora Solwyni, Nicholson. 3. Pachydictya acuta, Hall. Jirniliiopoda : 4. Lingula riciniformis ?, Hall 6 Pw'/'''t"T-f "^^ testudi'naria. Dahnan sp. 6. PlatyHtroplua b.forata. Schlotheim, var. ly„v Eichwald 7. Kafaae,s.,u.„a alternata (Conrad), E.nmons. '• o. i'iectainbonites sericea, Sowerby. Cephalopoda : 9. Endocerasprofuforme, ..r. tenuistriatum, Hall 10. Orthoceras bijineatum, Hall. Trilohita : 11. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton. 12. Calynieue senaria, Conrad. 13. Asapl.us piatycephalus, Stokes. .omert.! induLed l™»to„; '-- * """""'j "^l^d •"nularia Trentonensis, Hall. (gasteropoda : 15. Cyclonema bilix, Hall. 16. Trochonema umbilicatum, Hall. 17. Pleurotomaria Progne, Billings. Cephalopoda^ 18. Endoceras proteiforme. Hall. 19. " multitubulatum, Hall. Vermes : 20. Serpulites dissolutus, Billings. Trilobita : 21. Calymene senaria, Conrad. 22. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes. 23. Illajnus, cf. I. Milleri, Biilings. 24. Cheirurus pleurexantheinus, Green. J. Giroux, October, 1892 :_ ^' ^ ' *'°"«<'tor, N. Graptolitoidea : 2. Amplexopora or Batostoma sp. 3. Pachydictya acuta. Hall, 148 J QUEBEC. 4. Ptilodicfcya maculata, Ulrich. 5. Solenopora compacta, Billings. Brnchiopoda : 6. Lingula Philomela (?), Billings. 7. " or Discina sp., too imperfect for identification. 8. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman. 9. Orthis tricenaria (?), Conrad. 10. Rafinesquinu alternata (Conrad), Emmons. 11. Strophomena incurvata, Shepard. Pteropoda : 12. Conularia quadrata, Walcott, or allied .species. 13. " Trentonensis, Hall. Trilobifa : 14. Acidaspis spiniger, Hall. 15. Cheirurus pleurexanthemus, Green. 16. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes. 17. Illrenus Milleri. Billings. UTICA FORMATION. T, ^^I^^?" ^'^'■^f «^^"«' Q»«-. '^^Se IV., ridge east of the village : R. W. Ells and W. E. Deeks, 12th June, 1891. SpongicK : 1. ? Cyathophycus reticulatus, Walcott. Graptolitoidea ; 2. Climacograptus, sp. • 3. Orthograptus quadrimucronatus, Hall. Cephalopoda : 4. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. ^ (?=-Orthoceras lamellosum. Hall). Trilohita : 5. Triarthrus sp., cf. T. glaber, Billings. 6- " Becki, Green. . LXVIII. Lacolle, Que., half a mile east of the village, in river along side of road to (Jrand Trunk station. R. W. Ells and W E Deeks. 12th June, 1891. " " Graptolitoidea : 1. Climacograptus, sp. Same form also occurs at Holland Patent N.Y., and is referable to C. bicornis, Hall, by most writers. ILU. I APPENDIX. 149 J 2. Diplograptus mucronatus (?), HaJl. Brachiopoda : 3. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby. Trilobita : 4. Triarthrus Becki, Green. irraptohtoidea : 1. Ortiiograptus quadriniucronatus, Hall. Trilobita .• 2. Triarthrus Becki, Green. Graptolitoidea : 1. Dendrograpfus simplex, Walcott. ^. Reteograptus ? Euchans, Hall 3. Orthograptus quadriinucronatus. Hall 4. ^liniacograptus-Scharenbergi(?) Lap. Cephalopoda .; 5. Endoceias proteiforme, Hall. Trilobita : 6. Triarthrus Becki, Green. LXXI. Montreal. Que.; also collected by Thos Cn-rv ., ern extremity of St Helen'« T=i„ i j "^ /^'os. Curry, on the west- Graptolitoidea: f - ■ 1. Climacograptus sp. 2. Leptograptus flaccidus. Hall. 3. Diplograptus sp. ^ ■Bracliiopoda : 4. Leptobolus insignis. 5. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman. Vermes : 6. Cornuliles immaturum, Hall. Cephalopoda. 7. Orthoceras lamellosum. Hall. i 150 J QUEBEC. LORRAINE FORMATION. LXXII. Chambly, Que. W. E. Decks, 1890. Echinodermata : 1. Crinoidal fragrrents. Graptolitoidpa : 2. (?^ Orthograptus quadriniucronatus, Hall. Bmchiojmda : 3. Pholidops subtruncatus, Hall. 4. Rafine-squina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons. 5. Streptorl.ynchus Trentonensis, Winchell and Schuchert 6. Lepta-na (Plectambonites) sericea, Sowerby. Two varieties of this species occur in the collection. 7. Rhynchotrema imequivalvis.. Castelnau, sp. 8. Zygospira Headi, Billings. Pelecypoda : 9. Pterinea demissa, Conrad. 10. Lyrodesma pulchellum, i.mmons. 11. Orthodesma pholadis (?), Conrad. 12. Modiolopsis curta, Hall.* 13- " faba, Conrad. 14. Ambonychia (Byssonychia) radiata, Hall. Ganteropoda : 15. Beilerophon bilobatus, Sowerby. 16. Murchisonia gracilis, Hall. 17. " Milleri, Hall. Trilobita : 18. Calymene, sp. indt. 19. Illainus, sp. indt. 20. Proetus, sp. LXXIII. St. Hyacinthe, Que. ; W. E. Deeks, 1891 :— Echinodermata : 1. Crinoidal stems and fragments. Hydromedasm : 2. (??)Sagenella ambigua, Walcott, parasitic on the shell of an orthoceratite. 3. Orthograptus quadrimucronatus. Hall. •Also Clidophorus planuktus, Conrad, and a s^^deTTcHmacograptus; •J APPENDIX. 1;-)! J Bryozoa : 4. Monticuliporoidea, requiring micro-sections. Brachiopoda : 5. Lingula, sp. inclt. 6. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman. 7. Leptiena (Plectambonites), sp. 8. Rhynchotrema ina'quivalvis, Castelnau. 9- Zygospira modesta, Say. Pelecypoda : 10. Clidophorus planulatus. 1 1 . Nucula levata, ilall. 12. Modiolopsis curta, Hall. ' 13- " faba, Conrad. ^^- " modiolaris (?), Conrad. 15. Lyrodesma post-striatum, Emmons. 16. Orthodesma pholade, Conrad. Gaattropodi' : 17. Cyrtolites ornatus (?), Conrad. 18. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby. 19. Tro.,iiolites, sp. Cephalopoda : ^20. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall, probably Orthoceras lamellosum, Trilobita : 22. Trianhrus. sp., cf. T, Becki, Green. ServaiUes River, near St. Hyacinthe, Que. N. J. Giroux, 1890. Echinodermata : Crinoidal columns and other fragments. Hydromcdusre : . (?) Alecto or other related genus. Brachiopoda : Lingula, sp. Pholidops subtruncatus. Hall. Orthis (Dalmanella) te.studinaria, Dalman 6. Orthis (Dinorthis) pectinella, Conrad. 7. Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella. Hall. 8. Rafinesquina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons. 1. 3. 4. 5. 162 .1 QUEBEC. 0. 8trophomena Trentonensis, Winchell & Schuchert). iU. 1 lectumbonites sericea, Sowerby. 11. Hhynthotrema iniuquivalvis, Castelnau. Pdecypoda: , 12. Modiolopsis, sp. 13. A.nb.)nychia (Byssonychia) radiata, Hall. GiiHteroftoda : H. Cyrtolites, sp. Cirripedia : 15. Turrilepas (?), sp. Trilohita: 16. Trinucleus conceatricus (?), Eaton. Possibly a ne^v form. i-i. lnarthrus(?), sp. indt. 18. Calymene .senaria, Conrad. 19. Asaphus niegistos, Locke. LXXV. Rougemont, Que. ; Thos. Curry, 1872. Eclnnoihriiiata: 1. Crinoidal fragments. Bmchiopoda : 2. Lingula curta (!), Hall. 3. Pholidops subtruncatus, Hill. 4. Orthis (Hebertella) ooeidentalis, Hall. 5. (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman. 6. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby. 7. RaHnesquina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons. ■ 8. Strophomena nitens, Billings. 9. Zygospira Headi, Billings. Peleeypoda : 10. Orthodesma parallelum, Hall. 11. Clidophorus planulatus, Conrad. 12. Orthode.sma pholade Hall. 13. Pterinea demissa, Conrad. Gaufcropoda : H. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby. 15. Cyclonema?? sp. indt. 16. Cyrtolites ornatus, Conrad. Trilobita : 17. Calymene senaria, Conrad. 18. Asaphus sp. tiu.J APPKNDIX. LXXVI. River des Hurons, Que. T. Curry, 1872. Pelecypoda : 1. Ambonychia (Byssonychia) radiata, Hall sp 2. Ptermea dernissa, Conrad ' ^ 0. Modiolop8i3 modiolari8, Conrad. ^ '' anodontoides, Connwl. R nvjx ", P''0'adiformis, Hall, b. Chdophorusp]anulatu.s, Conrad. 1. ^rthodesrua parallelum, Hall. Trilobifa : 8- Triarthrus Becki, Green. 9. Asaphus niegistos, Locke. 153 .1 SILURIAN FOSSILS. Zoophyta ; in the space of a Uttle over t rfn" ^''"' ''^'''' '^"^ ^-^i*- 'neasure three (3) ™illi,netLs '"•"''"^*'-^- The largest corallite.s ^J«I'I-f Hall'^r? ■■""'""• --"'testhan sp. No 1 c/ /' -iiiin.etre:;t!:ia^crt::s'''^^r' ^^^'^"-'^^^ ^^-'-e 3 Syringopora, sp. indt ''" °' °"^ ^^"*^'"«*- ouni^^S'^Sy^^"'^^^ ^^'^ ^^'^^^^"^ ^-^"'^ ^'^theeir- Echinodermata : Brachiopoda : Gasteropoda : ments as (ollo,v.,:_ ^'' °' "•" ^"'^ *«•. »'"i measure. 154 ,1 (iUKBEC. (1.) Embryonic shelJ, 1 inm. across, (2.) lat volution 3 " " (3.) 2nd " 8 " " (4.) ;}rcl or body volution 15 mm. across. The specimen is preserved as a mould of the exterior ir possibly as a mould of the cast of the interior of the shell. LXXVIII. "Georgeville," Que.; A. Webster, 1879:— Zoophyta ; 1. Halysites catenularia, Linnreus. 2. Favosites Gothland !■ us, L anarck. A tolerably well preserved specimen, showing the mural pores, Jic; resembles the form occurring near Tuck's Landing, Sargent's Bay, on the west side of the lake. 3. Favosites, sp., c/ F. fa vosus, Goldfuss. With exceptionally lar^e corallites. " 4. Zaphrentis, sp. Echinodennata : 5. Fragments of crinoidal columns. LXXIX. Capt. Gully's point, opposite Owl's Head, Lake Mem- phremagog, Que.; Ells, 1890. Hydroida : 1. Stromatoporoid (undetermined). Zoophyta : 2. Favosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck. 3. " with smaller corallites, and resembling F. Helder- bergiffi. Hall. LXXX. Round Island, Lake Memphremagog, Que.; Ells, July, 1890 (in a dark gray glossy pyritiferous calcschist ; obscure fossils). 1. iStromatopora, sp. 2. Heliolites, sp. Very imperfectly shown. 3. Favosites, sp. indt. LXXXI. Knowlton Landing, Que.; Ami, 1886, (now known as Tuck's Landing P.O., Que.), Sargent's Bay, Lake Memphremagog, Plantoe ; 1. Psilophyton, sp. Zoophyta : 2. Favosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck lUI.] 3. ] £t 4. 1 LXX real (Dh sity) :-- Besid( Zoo 1. Fi 2. 3. 4. Pa 5. ? I 6. 7. Uii Bryo 8. Cal 9. Pol 10. Fer 11. Ptil Brad 12. Cho 13. Ortl 14. Ortl 15. «' inenoides, '. 16. Stro 17. 18. Stro J var. arata. 19. Strof strongly an 20. ? Str anum. Hall. 21. Lepts 22. Strop radiatum, \ ..] APPENDIX. 155 ,T Sryozoa : 3. Polypora or Monticuliporoid. Brachiopoda : 4. Rhynchonella, «p.; typo of R. Wilsoni, Sowerby. LOWER IIELDERBERO DIVISION. sity) :_ ' ^'*'' ^^"^P-^^h Museum of McGill Univer- Besides nu.nerous fragments of crinoidal columns, Ac ^oophyta : 1. Fuvositea. ef. F. Gothlandicus, Lamarck ^- ^' '•esembling P. Helclerberguv., Hal]. "^- t sp. indt 4. Pachypora ? sp. 5. ? Zaphrentis sp. No. 1. ^- " sp. No. 2." 7. Undetermined cyathophylloid coral. Bryozoa : 8. Callopora or Calloporella sp 9. Polypora, ef. P. perangulata. Hall. 10. Fenestella (?) sp. indt. 11. Ptilodictya? sp. Brachiopoda : 12. Chonetes,o/:C.melomcaorn.sp. 4 o?v'V£':'^'^.'^'^^'''^''''(^'''P^^'«'"«'Weminens Hall 14. Orthis (Rlnpidomella) oblata, Hall menoides,' Hair"'""' "'""'^* ^^''^^^ (Orthostrophia) stropho. 16. Strophonella punctulifera, Conrad. • "• cavumbona, Hall. V.' 1!^"°'°'"' ''"'"™'^ -^o-"^. »ko»in« .e„d.„c, wd, 19. Slrophodonto varistriat., Conrad V«r Thl. t 21. I^pugonia rho„boidalw, Wilcken.,. radt„rt,T™;' *•" ~™''"°« -—tat »r.ptorV„oh„, 106 J QDEDEC. 23. Spirifera concinnii, Hull. 2»' " " (large variety). 25. " cf. S. Cumbeilatuliiis Hall. 26. •' n. sp. (?); also another of the type of S. arenosa, Conrad 2'. " cycloptera, Hall. 28. <. «p. ,,itl, f,o,„ eighteen t« twenty costa. on each side of the mesial s.nu... Oeneral appearance very much like S. penuata (-a. mucronata), not quite m arcuate and the concentric lines of growth are not so strongly lamelios.. or rugose. 29. Si)irifera, <;/. S. perlamellosa, Hall. 30. Atrypa reticularis, Linnaus. 31. Trematospira multistriata, Hall, or closely related species, oo' '['^'"••''ynchus, sp. indt. Unlike L. nn ricostun., Hall. AA. ithynchonella abrupta. Hall. 34. Rhynchonella, cf. R. acutiplicativ, Hall. ^^- " 'I'quivalvis (?), Hall, possibly a Renssela-ria. Formosa, Hall. S^nce referred to the genus Stenoschisma. ^^' " nucleolata, Hall. 38. " nobilis, Hall. One of the specimens found in IZnTZr *'"' 'P"'''"^ •^^"'•^'^ strong resemblance to /?.C««;;. 39. Rhynchonella pleiopleura or multistriata of Hall. 40. Rhynchonella ventricosa, Hall. 41. Eatonia sinuata, Hall, or a closely related species. 42. Pentamerus galeatus, Dalnian. ■*3- " pseudogaleatus, Hall. Pdecypoda : 44. Pterinea, sp., cf. P. textilis, Hall. A small variety. Gasteropoda ; 45. Platyostoma depreasum. Hall. DEVONIAN FOSSILS. Caufr^fl\^^rr''" .^"^' ^"^^ Memphremagog, west side. Collected by H. M. Ami, 1894. Spirophyton cauda-ffolli, Vannxerr,. This plant is sometimes referred to the genus Taonurus, and as a rule characterizes a special hori- z_.n in the Helderberg Mountains of New York State and elsewhere It has been met with in Eastern Quebec and New Brunswick. At this locality the flag stones on which this species occurs abundantly '•] APPKNDIX. 157 .1 '••re inclined.at richt anL'Ipq to n.„ i • «n.all stream whl-h 7ows into ^ ;""'"; ''""" ''" ^'^'° ''"^ '-^' °^ «* above Tuck's Landing ''"^ "^'""^ three-quarters of a mile DovonlunimeHto^'n^.tTt^'. It!"" ^^f^"'l;h'-«'n«K-% Que. Fn„„ tl.o E. Hi..i„. in the '' Oeot:. Jlll^ i^eS^ ;;;3-- '^".''n -^ Mr. Hydroida : ^ 1. Stromatopora concentrica, Goldfuss. Zoophyta : 2. Favosit«.s(}othlandic-;>,, LvmHrc'.:. ^- '• basalticuB, Jojilfu.s.s. *• " polymorphs, ,Va (V? ■>».''* •^'•^or^^bA^ Jc'^A-rtSS' /^ jt*s!lr^ '"^r^ ^^z:=MJ v.^. binleClain- ^^^SlfawwC'^N ■OwS^ AjfT \/ ^^xn^ / ' \ VaUKjJ/h /.,^ r o> *>^' ^ / ;• Tjghk r"'*'/ i Mss^ J/ / ^awi'n". ^ fi.J V^S . GEORGE M DAWSON, C.MG,L LD.,F. RS.ac,OIRECTDR . J Js \m 1 \Jt ■4A& i^. 1,;, N ^ , ■■■. ^ ■:,< I A .' ?y /^ > K^r^y f/^ -X ■ ^// / ^ a ^ y /jtL\ !k\m ^ ^ -^\^ \,"'> y\^^\stX: ^^ &X^ \i\^S< / ■■^^pr' n~'T\nrT9 ni«iiiiiiii9i^ Ka.slcmTowi.slupsMaii. m i^ i' 1 1 1 1 NOTB I. Th« DeTonian anuln soutliitniem gii iwo m number and are fourd on the w»« side ot M«m- pliremagOB 1-ake. The Lux«ac is on s^nfeoH Bay. a ihon dluancc above Ihe wharf al Knowlion Landing, »lieie Taon- urut cauda-galli, Psihfhyton. and Bytholrtphit are found. The other area is near the Mountain House al the Owl-. Head Mininlaln Undin». Die foisili from which ara chiefly coraia. The horiaon of ihe Sirvent i Day rock-i is the lower portion iCauda-gaUlunt) of the l'i,]K;r lleldetl»T,i of Ihe New York scale of fonualiuns. while Ihe Umesti.nei of Ihe Owr» Head Landing arr probably the cqulvalenu of Uia Coralferous.— |Duia\ Manu.J of Goolo^, 4th tiL) NOTE 2. The Lower HelderbarB of Mempliretnaifoi; Lalte la largely • Umeuoiie foimallon. While not highly fossilifcrou. al many paints, ithella and corals occur at various places and clearly Indicate Ihe hotijcon. The rocks claused as Medina on Ihe map. are reddish shales and sandstones, which as yet have not yielded fos.'^as. They ovetlie the Lorraine shales and wore therefore assigned, by Sir W. E. Logan, to the Silurian system. The fnniullon Is diflScult to outline, owing to the mantle of drift over much of the area where it occurs, and the boundaries, are thcrelore. to a teruln extent, conjectural The road fitim I-hUlipsbuig on MKslviuoi Bay to St. Araiand Statlcn on the Uenlrol Vermont Railway, crosses an ahnost continuous sectiuu of rocks, mostly limestones, which pieseni certain peculiar features. They have been described ui the Ceoli>i.T of C.inada .863. |.|). 844, Mo. under Ihe li.i.ulii,i. ijuebe, group iriiUUpsliiir); scricsl. The rocks dip unilormly to Ihe south-east till within a .lion Jlsunce of Uie railway, when a synchno appe;irs in their uppf^r part The purtif.u almut riij- Upsbuig .ind the strau to the north and soulli. can ndinj along this road for about three foun lis of ;i inilc. is regardiHl as •quivalent 10 the Caldferous (Levis), while the upper portion is supposed to represent Ihe Chaiy fomiaiion. These rocks, in the vicinity of Bedford, Stanbridge, Mystic, ic. contain local devekipmeots of Utneslone and Umestonc-conglouieratev. trom which a great number and variety of fossils have been obtabied. It has, however, been found that while certain affinities ejist between these and the fauna of the typical Caldferous and Chary of Ihe Ottawa basin, the fossils as a whole present liealures mariiedly distinct There is also a Uthological diier- o»ce to the sirata of the two localities. These peculiarities ara supposed to be due to dUTerences in the cin:umstaiices of deposition of the two areas, now brought into contact along Ihe line of Ihe St. Lawrence and Champlaln fault.. This fault •ztends from PhilUpsbuig to Quebec and thence eastwani separating the tlat-lying formations of Ihe St Lawrence on the west from the highly inclined strata on the east. The smaU outcrops of limestone at St. Helen's Island and Isle Ronde bi Montreal Harbour are associated with vokanlc breccias, but hare yielded a very characteristic fauna ludicadng thdr posillan at the top of the Stluiian system. NOTB 3. No definite break has yet been found to Canada between the Caldferous formation and the Potsdam sandstone, the passage between the two, both in eastern Onurio and western Quebec, betog gradual After consideration of all the evidence from Ihe sttatigraphical and palxonlological standpotots. it has been decided to toclude them to one category as representing the basal portion of the Cambro-SUurian system. The areas ol each have, however, been distinguished, where known, by a difference to the barring. LWlologically these fonnaHons are antirsly dlsthiet lixan the Levis and upper pan of the Sillery formation, (fotmerly LauaooJ, which are supposed to be th^r •qnlvalens hi age, a difference presumably due to different cendWons of deposllion. The Potsdam sandstone and the CalcUnousaie alio everywhere nearly Hat, whUe the Silleiy anit LerU are highly indlnad, sometlmas overturned, and aitaa- NOTB 4. The Sill«fy of the Nonh-etst nup-slwet of the " EwtWB TowMblp" wriw, is dMsible Into two portloiu, so upper wd ft lower, the fonaet of which consistt Urgely of reddish uid ffteeo ihalet end greenish sandstoaes with UmestoDe-conglom- cntes. the upper put of which is .pparently the downward exteosian of the Leris formation. On the present map the racks are weil seen between Abbottsford and Granby and thence northward for many miles. The lower part of the SiDery U undoubtedly Cambrian and in the St. Lawrence Riwf section contains characteristic fossils, Agmtuius, etc., at certain points. The highest beds of the SiUery (Lau«)n)'do not appear in this area and the red and green slates, suidstones and grits of this area are therefore aU probably Cambrian. The horizon of the Cambrian rocks on both sides of the PreCambrlaji of the Sutton Mountain anticline, has not yet been dednitely decided owing to an apparent absence of organic remains in the strata. The sUtes and quartrites at the base, are probably the equivalents of the Georgia series of Vermont (OleneUus rone) while tlio strata from FrelighshuTg to SweeUbuig, etc, probably represent the Upper Cambnan. In the Cambrian of this area am the slate quarries of Melbourne ud vicinity, which hare been worked for many years, and urn af great ecooomic Importance. NOTK 5. , The strau which compose the Sutton Motmtala antlcHne, an beUered to be of Hurooian age They undoubtedly underlie the lowest Cambrian. They do not resemble the typical Laurentlan gneiss of the GreniiUe series north of the St. Lawrence rirer. but are not unlike the rocks which have been described as the "Hastlngi series "in Ontario, both In the character of the schists and the crystalline dolomites. They contain deposits of copper ore at several points, and the most productive copper mines of the " Hastem Townships" belong to this division. Gold has been reported from the gravels of •ome of the streams on the west side of the aiis lii Sutton, but nothing definiteastothe value of the deposit has been ascer- tainetl. Gold has also lately been found in quart* veins cutting the strau of this series near Diidswell, iii»rth.east of Shcrbrooke. -i±iJ ' •liii/rt'^iu.v llJii ' I f'tt^^^iam tatuMnne r^mitiriiin ^ /'/urt'ttm/inH/t f-i>yfn r,ifi,hruui '/ 'vntf/oiiuriUeA- CtHnhniiii ,i,iulti /^f i'41/iihnnu I Dill '''''^'"""'^'f"f>!>f'P^»nmn../.syi^y ■ ' I 'Uut rent, L j H^w-tfio Smts - •Immr AnonlinMlr iiUlnat SIna- © .t..*,-..7„.,. I ^ jv ,^»(Uai»i/^ .'-r wmi^Mmiiii.^-^wj9m4gmgm r\ittl>a\ ^i^^i^^4mm^ wswmmi4mmm riiOVLWh' ot Qimi'T. MoiijiiMl Shed < /uisltm 7h\ws/iips Ma/j, \ I ' ■ 1§, fin ^.Ny"*;!?^^ II.. jy^ •■^^^ h aWli li t V' ill V\\ ,»£?,/ I "ill *r\ TT/Lij e. ^ / s >»ii/ fi)ll/ /, r A i J ni :q£±11 » Phittipstitinjjk IV l"-^'-.ade WcHt 7rt from Ui piinwicli "^ :z: t-i siib: HMl/hn xptiii Hiiil r(i<>lir.|iiii^- ii.ujif Mi.nii /yi'/y/ z 1 y /i' rv/' o/ •/■:/m : MoiiIi'imI SIm'c'I. ( luislcni 7':n- tioned, and to form an upper series in the system. It& detiuiita Hon against the lower gneiss Is not attemptetl in this areu. AU these rocks are broken through by intnisive m.-v^s^ of aaonho&lie, etc, which are more reomt than the Urenville series, sinn the west side of Ue Bie of later due, and from their Intiinale A.'^n Mttoii with the fossiliferou^ Lower Helderberg hmestones of !at Helen's Island they are probably not far different from these in point of age. The emotive masses seot in the Mooereal Mount**, Bdteil. V imsaki. etc.. as well as in tlie ctuun ol' hills wutt of Meniphr«nit4ftuK I.,ake, and to the north cost tuwurda the Chaudlere Kiver and beyond, i»e« North-east sheet) all present a muiied rcsembitinc'3 tu encli other, and ar presuiiiablv of very similar agR. Sit^^tmens irom a number of Uicm! were examined some years ago by Dr. V. D. Adams, (Report of Frogress, GeoL .Surv. Can., 1880-81-83) who found the rvks of the eastern beh to be largely an altered diabase. Thcbt masses penetrate strata of widely different age. beini; found associated with all the formations from the lowejit Cambrian to lbetoi>nfthe Silurian. Portions o( these diorites linve been altered to a serpentine, which, however, varies in physical character and ntoivral contents at different points. In some of these mcnrntala hmimiv the upper part is frequently Ane- grained, while the Ki<^-r part, »nd often the bulk of (he mountain, is comparatively coars*^ -grained and syenitic. The most prominent hills of the eastern area are Mount Orford. Hog's B.-tck, Elephantis, Owl's Head, &c., while to the notth cast are the Ham Mountains, Adstock, Cranboume, Ac. < See North-cast sheet .; In the ^serpentlno masses are found asbestos (chrywtile) chromic-iron and magnetite. The erupdve masses of Mem- pbremagog Lake are certainly, In part, newer than Lower Helderberg. TTie granite masses are found to the east of this lake. They cut slates and liniesionta of Cimbro- Silurian age. probably Lower Tri»nton, and by their action have devrio[>cd crystals of ttaurolite, chia&toHte, mica, &c., in the adjacent strati The period of the intrusion Is probably about the axm^ with ttint ot the dioritic masses just described. Intbcarvawestof Memphremagc^ Lake, serpentine outcrops are quite frequent Tbey are associated with diorite^ and are oft«nofvery limited extent, so that their dclineatioti on the map is not always possible. The larger ar.d more important areas have, howevei, been indicated by barring. Acoompmivmg Poj't ./. Voi MI ( Nev^' SeneA f GeUogically sann^ed by SirW&logan,1tWf-iU'ihPD Adonis 571.