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5
6
V
\i
^^^f J. ANNUAL REPORT, VOL. VII.
Gi:OL(JGI(;AL SUllVEY OF CANADA
REPORT
ON A POKTIO.V OF THK
PROVmCE OF QUEBEC
COMPRISED IN THE
SOUTH-WEST SHEET OF THE "EASTEUX TOWNSHIPS"
MAP (MONTKKAL HHEET)
BY
R. W. ELLS, LL.D., F.R.S.O.
With a Chapter on the Liiurentian Xorth of toe St Lawrence RiTer
BT
FRAXK D. ADAMS, Ma.So., Pu.D.
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON. PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST
EXCELLENT MAJESTY
1896
STo. S70.
Price, Fifteen cenU.
/
^^;«W(#s^i»5«^.i;«.'.
If ,* --
% -
•-^
(>
\
aEOT/XIICAL SURVEY OF CANADA
G. .M. DAWSOX, c'..M.(i., I.L. D., rh.s., D.rk.to.,
IJKPOHT
'IN I rduiiuN III iiiK
PHUMNCE OF (KTEI5EC
<<nlpli|sK|i IN TIIK
HUirTH-WEST HUKKT ( .1' TIIK - KASTK MX T< .WX.Sfm.s
MAP ^>r()XTI{i:AI. SHKCT,
IIV
l{. \V. KLLS, LL.I)., IMJ.S.C.
11 Cliaiili'i' "11 llic Liiiiiriiiiiiii. \(,ii|| „f t|,p S{. Imnn \\m
l"l!A\K I). ADAMS. .\f.\.Si ., I'„.|).
OTTAWA
PRINTED BY S. K. DAWMOX, I'KINTKR TO TIIK (iUKKXS MOST
EXCKLLKXT AIA.IKSTY
<,)^
b
1896
O-.-^
%
\i'\^
I.>r. (;. M. |)Aus(,v, (' M.G., F.R.S., at..
l>ii*'ctor Geological Survey of C'lmadu.
Sir,— I Im-k to sulm.it lieivsvitli a report on the «eolo;,'y of tlmt
portion of (^uelH«u contained in the South-west -luarter .si...et map (.f
that province, Ijeing the third in tlie series. It contains the results
of^bservutions nwido chiefly in lS89-!tO, l,„t whi<h. on account of
unavoidable delays in completing the accompanying map, c.uld not
sooner ai)i.ear. The vicinity of the lower Ottawa an.l the Island <.f
Montreal have been recently re-examined, and the information ob-
tained is incorporated.
A valuable addition to this Heport, is the chapter descriptive of the
Laurentian rocks of the north-west corner of the .sheet, contributed
by Dr. F. I). .Vdams, who has devoted special attention to that part
of the region.
Extensive collections of fossils from various points throughout the
area have been made by my assistants, >rr. N. .1. (Jiroux and Dr. \V.
K. Decks, and also by Mr. Whiteaves, Dr. .\mi and myself. These
have been examined and named by Dr. H. M. Ami, whose report
thereon will be found in the form of an appendix.
I have the honour to be.
Your oljedient servant,
R. \v. i:ll.s.
GEOLOfiir.vL SuKVEY Offick,
OriwwA, Nov., 1895.
H
to ^eT"'"" 'T^ '"' '"'^ "' ^'■•■^ """"'-^ '- ^-- --th reference
to the true .nend.an. the declinatio.. l.i„g „,out 13 wc.t of north
REPORT
h reference
jf north.
ON A W»HTI'>\ (IK Tlltt
PROVINCE OF QUEBEC
(ItMI'HiHKIi l\ TMK
SOUTIIAVKST SHKKT OF THE •• KASTKUN T()WNSHIl*S '
MAP (MONTHKAL SHKKT.)
BY
H. \V. KLLS. r.LI)., I'.M.H.C.
Willi !i Clia|,lfr un llie burenliiiii. Norlli uf Hit' SI. bwreiicf Rivor.
uv
KUANK I). AKAMS. .\l \ I'li. It.
The present report loinprises tlie results of the observations), miide
principally during; tin- yearn 1889 iind 1890, in the area imluded in the
south-west <|uurter-.sheet of the " Hiistern Townsihips " series, or that
IMjrtioii adjoining the states of Vermont and New York. The ai-ea Ann .n,.
more [)articularly (leseribed is Imunded on the east by Uike Mem- ^^^^^^^ '" ""'
phrcMna^of,' and by a line drawn thence north to the vicinity of
Richmond, on the St. Francis l{iver; and on the west by Mi.s.sis.juoi
Bjiy and the Kichelieu River. Careful examinati(m, however, was
also made of much of the Hat country lying Itetween this river and the
St. [.Awrence, but, owing to this ansa J»eing largely clay covered and
presenting very few outcrops of rock, the geolojjical results obtaine«l
are much less satisfactory than for i\„ area further eastward, where
rock-exi)osures are numerous. A n. i.vimi nation was also made of the
country along the lower Ottawa and the Islands of .lesusand Montreal,
to obtain any additional details of structure which might be revealed
by recent lines of railways or other works, such as quarries and
excavations.
The examinations thus comprise the highly altered series of rocks seen i^^,, ,, , ,
in the Sutton Mountain anticline, which are the northward extension of ''.v'^'"' '"""»•
the njcks of the Green ^fountain range in Vermont, as also a very """*"
considerable portion of the Lower Palieo/oic of the St. T^^vwrence
basin on the west, and of the St. Francis and Memphremagog
syncdne on the east. The peculiar rocks of Phillipsburg, Stan-
bridge and Bedford were also carefully exandned, in company with
6 J
ylKIIKC.
I- 1
U
ri'lii'c luuiii.
«.!.. Th-» ,.„„«i„„. ,,„.„ j; ;„Vv :i^ " ■■',""; «■»'
Th.. (lat c.untrv Imtweei. the Hii-hHieu ,„.,| si f
'i-^ woll as tlmt ,I,.n« th. lower Ott J ," th " '/^'T"-' "^'''->
of C'anmla (IHG.t) It i„,|.„i Ti ■ ■ ''"" "^'«"' '" ^'o <J«,l„gy
^"" ^^^ -'-:t:^:: f :~:^^2;:;,^ r- '^^
'i'-e in {.laeuH well exi.ose<l • l.„ .T ""^'"" *""'«t<'ne,
country, n.k.outcn p Z 'rZ 'Z'T T'^'' T'"' "^' ^'"^ ""^^
'H-in«,.c.cupio.il,vaverrLr' nve,-lH.ls ; the surface
"f this, at L.hU.. I . . ZlZr'' '""''' "' ••""' •""^•^- ^"'
ville.St. Milain. |{ 1 . " "'' '""t''- '""""t""— f Montreal, Montar-
clistanoe isouth of St HilMr„ at . • Hurons, a short
". pw,. wiu, fit; "'■ ™ :; '""'■ '"'"""""' »"■'"". "ii-i
Utic. f„;,„.tion " "^ '" '""" '" >» "'•' »f "'• f-«"~ne .J
»i ««.v., ,„ c,;,„ : To; :::;:„' t;'-"-' ■"•'■» «~'»»i-
had mor.' purticular reference f.. fl.» - "owever, in 1866, (which
Ei-ii|)tjvi.
Ilia Ni-N,
Work for
-]
nKo|,<M.|rAI, M'ALR.
7 J
fliiU», tli« vi«»WM therf PX|)tt-.sf(l iix to tin- .structuro nt the Sutfnii Mouii-
t»iii r«'j{iori hiivn bfon very miitcriiilly ilinnged. This chiiiiKt' was iltii)
liirgely to thi' exiuiiiimtions iim<l«-by Dr. Stony Hunt, hikI Iui.t liy I>r.
.Sclwyii, iiiiil )iM a coiiM^iuciuc th«> Sutton .Mountain iiiititliiu', t'onnfily
rexunUd us of Sill,.iy a«»', \n now osUIjUsIumI us Mow (Im- lowest fossil-
ifemUH sfldiiinMits. More n-cf nt in\i'nti)<iitionH of tin- fornintionH lyin^ Ki.il.v m.» a^
we«t (»f tlu> crystHllinc scliisi,, Ii«vn hIiowh that the black -liit«'s and |',|,'I',';,"'|''"'; '
hituniinnus linii'Mton<-s of Farnliaiii, instead of lonstitutiny n |H.ssiMy -Int.- ami
lower iM.rtion of the fossilitVr..uH (^ucIh'c Kroup, are in reality a newer '"'""*"""••■
Beries ; and pix-suniably. from the containwi fossils and front their
stratiyrapliical relations to the underlying nnks, the e(|uivalent of tlio
lower part of the Trenton formation. In the Htratigraplii. al se.|uenw(
aHMumed in the (ioolo^y of Canada, lMti;{,* these Mack linie-stones
Hn<l .slafp.s, of larnhani (when not ftwHiliferous) wore rej^arded aM older
than the b'-vis divisicm of the t^uelx-c ^Moup, and were put at the base,
follow<.d, upward, by the !>■ vis graptoliti.' series ami then by th.' red and
green .slates and sandHtones of the Sillery formation. This must now bo
reversed. The true se(|uenue is in a.scending order the Sillery, L.'vis,
(including the Calciferous of Phillipsinir-), the Cha/.y of Stanbridge
and the black nlates and liineHtones of larnham, Abljottsford and St. 1'r.H.nt vi.«
Domihi.iue, which, at the latter |.la<e, graduate directly upward from HM^diifTr-''
the fossiliferous Chazy limeston*- into the Trenton. 'mw rinks.
The several geological systi'ms repivsented in the south- western
p)rtion of the province may l)o stated thus in descendinii order :—
Su|>erficial deposits.
/'. Devonian of Meniphremagog [.^ike.
j E. Silurian of the St. Jlelen's Island, .Montreal, Dnver Helderberg.
^ ^' " " Wt. I.awrence Valley, presumably Medina.
/>. Cambro-Silurian : Lorraine (Hudson River formation).
Utica,
" Trenton and Black River,
" Chazy-Trenton east of the Sutton Moun- s...ni,.nc.. of
tains axi.s, Farnliam, Ac, rimitioiiii.
Chazy,
" Calciferous,
" Potsdam sandstone of the Ottawa and St.
Lawrence basin.
C. Cambrian : Sillery red and green slates, sandstones and grits.
" Black and gray slates, east and west of the Sutton
Mountain anticline.
It
«
«
X
II
(I
• Cfeologrj- of Ctinada, 18«i3, p. 240.
8 .,
il!
Devonian of
the Eftxtcrn
To\vnHlii|)s.
QUEDEO.
Lau..e„t.a„ ,i„e«to„e and g„ei«s west /^^^^^^
'-rystullme and lifneous ror-t., v i "•
aneous rocks, \ olcanic and Plutonic.
nEVONIAN.
Areas of Devonian rocks occur nt . . ,
>" the area east of the Sutton Mo' I" ll'"' "P''"*'"^ P^-^s
northward. The presence of li„' tedtu "i " 'T "^"^ '^'^ ^•'^*-«-"
at St. Oeor«e, Beauce County Zt J '''' '""'"^'' '"-^ «--
mentioned in n,y r.port for f^g ' Whn'"' t"'" ""•^^'-^'^•^^' --
Tx>wer Helderburg) occur at a nun.bl J ^ 'l' ""''^ "^^ '"""-
'J"- and the lT„ited States bou.ua I f ^^'^^ '-^--" the Chau-
outcrops of strata holding typical f!^' / ''^""tl'-west, the only
western shore of M...^^ ^r'^'^r'^ '''' ^"^ - ^'^
referredtointheGeologyof CWda 1 ;/T '"'" ''''^" »'"<^«y
as to distribution or fossils. ' ^''' •^"''■^"^ '^''^ th^^e given
rpi
presence o^L^L*.sTrat"than^.■'''"^''''''!!"^°^ ^"''^' '■^''"wed the
Helderberg forn.ation;! Zes t^ "^''"^ -'8-^1 to the Lower
developn,ent on both Lores o t, T ." 1' '"^« '^ considerable
»r''- '^'^^ ''^ Sargent's Bay, wllS.ta I :7;, f ^' '''"* «'^*'*'* °^ -''^er.
Sargent's Bay. tant ten miles froa, the outlet at mZ '"''';;''^*'°" °" *he west side, dis-
rian is overlain by a ser ' o ' '^ ^^.^?"'^»«' *''« fo-iliferous Silu-
- flaggy slates and shales. These 1 '1"'^ ^^"'' '""'"''^* '^^'^""tic
mile west of the wharf at Know to f T ''''™'" l^-'ook about one
ation by Dr. Ami, in ISOrZw^d U ^"'" "'' " ^^^^'"' ---""
among which were recognised it T f ." °' ^^^°"'-' ^--'«
at a Ingh angle and certain bands holi ?\ *=«"*'»">"*? rocks dip
induced in the slates by the a ttn of 7' 1 1' '"" P^'''^«'^' -"^'^"^
the neighbouring Hog' BacrMoltair ^'^ """'^^'^"^ ^^^^ ^-™
«- extend up a gully ^^ i::^:^"^
tmn many well preserved corals often f I '' ^""e^tones con-
o Canada. IS^T- .i 25l' n^"!^,^-- -•• HI.. ,. „. (N.^)Ts87:8«-iirKT;;;^-
i'ossilM.
Mountain
House un^a
••J
DEVONIAN- AXI) SILLRIAX.
^'er Potsd/im of
9 .1
tions were made. Earlier collections from this locality had beei,
examined by Hillings, who pronounce.] them to be Devonian in cha-
racter, and Pr..f. Dana, in the last, (fourth) edition of his Manual of
Geology, describes these rocks as of Devonian age, quoting the authorit v
of BiUmgs and giving a list of fossils from the locality, which included
.Synngopora Ilisinyn-i, B., Favosi,,. hamltka, Goldf., Diphynh,,U,nn y ,
strannu.um, B., and ^ap/u-^ufis ;,l;,anfea, Le Sueur. These are pre-
.sumably ofCorniferous age. He also mentions, on the authority of
Hitchcock, Atrypa reficu/aris, which, however, may have been derived
from the upper Silurian formation in the vicini.y. The presence of
these Devonian outliers is of special interest, as enabling us to fix
approximately at lea.st, the date of son,e of the eruptive masses of this
area Thus, at the Owl's Head, the plumbaginous limestone on the
beach,.is beneath the black slates of the Cambro-Silurian series which
are presumably the lower Tivnton, owi- to an overturn 'of the ..vnun...,,
measures, while the intrusive dykes which ....etrate the Cambro-.Silur- ^" ''^'
lan and Silurian slates and limestones, show that the intrusions and
crumplings were subsequent in, late to the Cauda-galli Hags of Sargent's
Bay and the Corniferous limestones at Owl's Head. "
No well defined break between the upper Silurian (Lower Helder- si„.i,.„,,v t
berg) and the overlying Devonian has been found, the conditions of de- i''" <■'"'. -^-
position, presumably being sin.ilar to tho.se in the Beauce district or ""'""""•
m the similar beds of the Ga.spc peninsula, de.scribed under the head
ot the Oa^pe Limestone series in the Geology of Canada, as well as in
subsequent reports.* In all these localities there appears to be a ming-
mg of forms of upper Silurian and lower Devonian horixons, insomuch
that It h.s been found very difficult, and in some cases impossible to
define the exact line of separation between the two systems
SiMRIAX.
The areas Of Silurian rocks fouml in this portion of the province
are of limited extent. In addition to the basin in which the lower
paitofLake Memphremagog is situated and which is probably the
largest development of Silurian strata in south-we.tern Quebecs out-
crops of v^ry limited extent are found on St. Helen's Island, Montreal,
while in the flat country to the east of the St. Lawrence, and to the
south-west of Becancour River, Silurian rocks of an older horizon occur
pp. a-'lir.Mf "^ ^'"'*''*' ''^'' '•"• •'"*'•■»-'*• K'-"^''' »'~K., (Je.1. S„,v. Can., 1S«0-«,.K2.
w
10 J
yUEItEC.
f^ilmian of tin
S(. Lan-rence niver Area.
I!i
•"^t. Kiiiiici.-.
Hivir.
(llllH
«ui(istoii<>s.
Lower Hclflei
Ix'rK of St.
HcIeiiH
Island.
forxn sev....al a.ea.s al.C the' /, ' T" ""''^*""^ '^•»' «'"''- -'-h
"^- -'nch are i„,..; f "!;"*'' «'"'': °^ ^'^ '-er,* the exact outlines
crops, however, have S o ' " ^'''^ °' *'" P''°^'"-- ^"t-
these reddLsh rock.s a «'" , "T """ P"""''"'^ "'"'-•'-« '^y
by thedecayoftl^^Lor rrr " !^ "'"'■'"^ '''^'^ -'' ^--^
approxi„,ately traced ' ^'""^'" *'""' ""^""-^ ^» ^^ -t least
-- rM::^:;^^;;:r ::t t '•^---'^-'' ^-^-^ ^^e pa.
Hiver and the country on ei;h ^ T'' "'"''' *''^ ^^^ ^'--'-^
breadth of the reddi foutlie w T T '""""' ''" ^'"'^ ^''•-'" ^''e
i- western ed,ei.tw „::;:;: r:: '•'°". ^""-"^^-' -^
•vith the St. Lawrence Two T T ^ J""'*'™ "* *be stream
-dstoneswereoi: :edL ,:rr'''"r''^"^*^"^*'^^'^'^'^--^
teen. Aug„,entation of Wend ter w th 'T' V^'^"' "" ^" '"' ^'-■
«"ule, the nearest un.le,W h' '■"'^*'' °" *'"' ^^''^'"" "* ''alf
.rayi.sh sand, shales of ttt^:f,:f,r;7" '^'".V"^ ''''''-^-
•second is about three miles tuZ (^^••^'"e) formation. The
"ve- for several n.i es ^ , It : 1:7'^"' '' ^P-" «^'o".' the
The red beds do not ap^ea on H v T"'^'' ^"■"" "^^'^'^ ♦'''^•
nearest rocks there vS'beW L^""'f-'^ ''''^'^ *« ^he .outh, the
acteristic fossils, near SHu!^ the gray Lorraine shales, with char-
, .St. Hugues, about ten miles below St. Hyacinthe
The age of these beds is supposed to b. Ar .• x^
ever, have been found in them f^t , w ! "'" ^^ " ^'''''^'' ''«^-
unconformably superior 7 /• *''«"■ determination rests upon their
the fact tiwJ^ieeroftL'r" T. ''" ""'^°" '''"''• "^'^ ^^^ to
breccia whichLrl:'st.H'ei:rS:V'"^ '"""^' ^" ''' '^^'^'^
fo-ssils there found are menrn j Tl ^ *" ^»"^''-'--t-
de...ribed as " principallv T . '"'''' "^ ''^*' *'*''^"d ^re
--e ca^s holdL. Trenton Ts rTu' °' '^^' ^^^>' "--^--. -
-- »»irenton fossils^ y^^j^ shale resembling that of
•GeoIoKy of Canada, 1863, |,,k 205.20<i!
EILI
■]
SILURIAN.
11 J
I that the strata
md shales which
lie exact outlines
mantle of drift
province. Out-
reams, and the
•IS underlain by
>'ish soil formed
es to be at least
Juring the past
he 8t. J'raiieis
his stream the
our niiies, and
• of the stream
Stic shales and
'ne on lot thir-
streani of lialf
le fossiiiferous
•mation. The
3sed alonj,' the
ij? nearly Hat.
he soutli, the
Bs, with ehar-
t. Hyaeinthe.
> fossils, how-
its upon their
beds and to
he doloniitic
the Itica tonnation; and of red sandstone and red shale sin.ilar to
those of the Medina. With these fragn.ents are associated oth.-rs of
Igneous rocks. Ail of these varying in sixe from a .juarter of an inch n , ,
t^ hve and si.v inches in ,han,eter, are inclosed in a paste of li«ht .r.^v tlMTinu.r''
dolomite, which weathers to a reddish yellow. * * * VI -out two
thirds of the distance down the east side of the island, there occur two
masses of dark gray fossiiiferous limestone, weathering to a light gray ■
winch are not magnesian. These are included m a length of about
forty yards an.l are limited on the east side by the water of the river ;
they have a breadth of scarcely more than ten feet, and appear to run
under the dolomitic conglomerate on the west side."*
A re-examination was made of the peculiar rocks of this locality
during the past season (1895). The suppose.l conglomerate ^vasfouncl
to be rather of the nature of a volcanic breccia, .lolomitic. weather- ^•„,...,.
uig a rusty-brown, but grayish on fresh fracture, an.l intimately '"'■^■^i'-
associated with the Utica shales, which show on the south-west end
ot the island below high-water mark. They are, further, inter-
sected by numerous ,lykes of grayish trappean rock which
are evulently spurs from the mass of Mount Royal. Tlie Ttica shale
at this place has Ijeen greatly altered, the bituminous beds alon.^ the
contact being sometimes hardened or baked, or occasionally rendered
thin and splintery with destruction of the bituminous matter, the . nek
becoming gray in colour, while the contained fossils are frequently
completely pyriti.ed. The .Silurian fossils are all obtained from the ... ,,
sinall puches of limestone found with the breccia at the north-east 'n-'m^r
end of the island. Several collections have been made from these in
recent years, in addition to those obtained by killings n.any years
Among these later collections may be mentioned that of Prof
.i. r. Donald, of Montreal, in 1880, who published a listf of fossils
from the limestone, comprising sixteen genera and thirty-six species
peculiar to the Lower Helderberg formation, but including two .species
which pa.ss upward into the Oriskany formation of the Devonian. This
list ha.s .since been very considerably extended by Dr. W. E. Decks, E. A. s, HHeas
ot -Montreal, who made a very comprehensive collection from the lime- '^''""' '""«"«•
8tonesofthei.skndinI890, the re.sults of which were published in
the Canadian Record of Science, in that year, I in which the number
of genera is increased to twenty-four and of species to forty-four.
Dr. Deeks remarks : "Of these, thirty-three are common to Xew York
*(i<H)l(«v of (faiimiii 18(IH. ,,. 35(;
i^cZ u'- Tl'"'^- I-"^'' ^'-^ Series, ,,. '.m.
.Can. Ki-c. of ScuMcv, IKIHJ, v„l. IV., .n'„. 2, ,,,, VH-WX
12 .1
<K'E»EC.
Isl.' K<J
I'tifii slial..;
Vdlcaiiic
l)i'i(Tiii-i.
•■^ilnn'mi of
^ff'IMplllVlllii
Kug Liikf.
JjiLtxr:::!-^^ save...
berg, i„ wl.icl. respect they ^31^,1;/?^^'*"^/"^ ^^^'^ HelcJe,-
treme north-east corner, b ow hi:^ """ ^'''''''"' ""^ '" ^^e ex-
-rnilar Hel.ierber^ limes one ,1. ^r"'" """'^' " "'"" ""*-°P «^
f-t wide by thirt; fee ' oZ "l ^ Th ""^" '"'"^' '"°'" "^ ^'^'-
tl.** I.recoia wi.id. is anpar... h, ' ?" ''"^P"*'* "* ^eing inclosed in
it is associated. Th7E If w.r^" *''V''"^^*°"'' ^^'^ -'-^
^>'-- Ami, will be found ntin' T "'" ''"''' P'-'^P-"' l^^
>in-tones, being that of t,: ^;;^';:;ty^^, '^l'^, ''.--on of t,Je
PO'-tion of the Oriskany paral leK tr " •'^''""a" or the lower
^^!"eof ^^^<-pln-en.agogU:t,.;^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^l.e west
s>nular transition ha« been recognij'j ' "^ " «0D,ewhat
tolites have been determird ^T aI;^;'^' ''V ''''''' °^ ^^P"
an.l a trilobite, Tnnrthrus Ji.rki "' "' ''" ^'''/.c«r«.
=r:natefrs:ri;n^
"entary conglon.erates. th v La/ t "'' 'r'""'' ""^ ""^ -'''-
division of sedimentary roclcT '"""''' *'•■""' ^he Silurian
Eastern „r Afe,.p,,r..,nacjog Lake Area.
■ . ^^1"'^ °f ^''« '"^""-on Mountain anticline tl>. SM •
finedtothesl.oresof MemphrenutaoT 1 "™" ™^^^'"^''« ""^on-
«.nall outlying area extendi To hfo h T^' ''""^'^'' *°' '^"^ ^o a
gent's Bay. The formatio is l! "°'"'""^* '^"'^ '^""^h of Sar-
thicknessof,i.nestonr:„::;;Jtl?^''^'-^^'--^ ^^ '^ considerable
a- highly dolomitic, a'nd arel J^'^-' ^^:".''^ -*'>- P"^tions
In several places thev . • '"" ^'™^'^^' ''^'''■
brachiapods /nri^^ T'tV:" ^T-'r ^^ "^ ^^P-n^
southern hrnit yet recognised is ^ the" ! ."' *'" ''^'^^' ^'^ "-'
«-t outcrop being se '. abou e. t Xe '^' ^""^'^ ''«"^^' *'-
at that place. Thence they o cunv thf . ^"^"" ^''' "^ *''^ ^^arf
to the outlet at Magog villLI Z ' T '"'' '^"'^ «^ ^^e lake
« g >lJa«e ano. crossn.g the Magog River, extend
wmw
HILl'RIAJf.
Ties." Severn! of
i Lower Helder-
' GHspe limestone
land by a narrow
*, and in the ex-
•snmll outcrop of
from one to ten
leing inclosed in
one with which
'■1, prej)ared by
|>rizon of these
an or the lower
Is on the west
^re a .somewhat
Helen's Island
ipceies of j^rap-
fin Endoceran
md, have been
tnd on the ad-
to be volcanic
and not sedi-
the Silurian
l;{ J
O'ksare con-
i to, and to a
south of Sar-
considerable
;her portions
ayish slates.
comprising
e, the most
's house, the
F the wharf
of the lake
ver, extend
to the north into the Hat country alonj; the valley of the Cherry River for
several miles, occasional outcrops being visible in this direction \t
the viUaoe of Oeorgeville, they hav a breatlth inland of about one
mile, and are ternsinated in this direction by a small brook and a depre.s-
si..n, on the south side of which the rocks are black and gray Cambro-
Silurian graptolitic slates.
On the west .side of che lake, the Silurian rocks occupy the entire s„r.e.Us ,w
shore from the outlet to the extremity of (Jibraltar Point, which marks ^'■"' ^ '^"'i^v. '
the entrance, on the north side, to Sargent's Hay, and thev are here
separated from the series of black and gray Cambro-Silurian slates by
the sn.all depression known as Austin Cove. On the south side of Sar-
gent's Bay they again come into view, in contact with these slates, about
4U0 yards south of the wharf at Knowlton Landing; the contact
being .seen in a small cove at this place, and the Silurian rocks vshich
are here highly fossiliferous and dolomitic are in a nearly vertical
position. The br.>adtli here is a little more than a mile, and tlie'rocks can
be easily traced almost to the forks of the road turning o«' across the
head of the bay, where they are again in contact with the blackish
gray, pebbly slates and diorites presently to be described. The Silurian
rocks along the shore of the upper portion of Sarg.nfs May, are in part .An. nn.th .f
overlain by the Devonian beds already described, but the calcareous beds ■^'"*'''"''« ''^'-V-
are well seen about East Jiolton post-office, on the west, and at Peasley's
Corners on the ea ^t, whence they extend in a narrow banrl to the north-
east, through Millington, cro,ssing the road which runs south from Or-
ford Pond to the lake, at about lots ten to thirteen, range thirteen
^lagog, and terminating in the wooded country to the north-east a
short distance beyond the road. The exposures of these rocks south' of
Knowlton Lantling, are confined to a narrow wedge shaped band
They are seen along the road running south towards Owl's Head
.Mountain, ms far as Perkins Vale where they are in contact with the
black ami gray slate series, and they extend for about a mila further v„., „„„„ ,,
south m the depression to the west of the road oa.st Owl's Head «'"fe">'f^ ^^■
Mountain, being there apparently cut ott' by the dole'ritic rock of that
mountain. They are also exposed on the several roads leadin- across
to Mansonville, with a breadth of from a half to three-fourths of^a mile
As a rule these Silurian beds have a nearly vertical dip and present the
same character of limestone and dolomitic slates throughout.
South of the Owl's Head Mountain wharf, on Round Island, the r,„„, i,,,„„
same dolomitic slates, ,n places changed almost to a talcose mica-schist
contain characteristic fossils of Silurian age. They are cut by dykes
of green crystalline diorite or dolerite of precisely similar character
to the rock of the Owl's Head Mountain. In the" long island off the
14 J
QLEKEr.
^«l>t. Otilly g
Cove.
'Slack and
The rocks at Cant (;„iiv'« n
site the Owl.* wJt ' i "^ '''^' "" *''« east sicJe of fJ,„ i i
I.O I 7« ''' "''''• «''""t'"n corals «,,«i ® '^'^'^ «PP"-
'-'« of Kound Isla,ul. They are a I , Tk" ,'" *''"^« ^«""^J '"the
-e, not only of the greenish cr;:t hid f f^'" "^ considerable
taJcoserock, which has now a si '" ''"* °^ '^ «'ft, -reen
;f Round rslan<l. a so.„ewhat s Cir "^^"^^- /^^ ^'^ --'-
-nnecfon with the Silurian fossi ll:t;7"' *'*'"" '"'''^'^ "— -
the ake above the light-hoi^e, and foZ """'^' '^" ^''« ^'-re of
y'trds ,n width. ' ''"'^ ^°""« '^n exposure several hundred
Jfc may !«> here r-n.arked of fi
Bp^imens onb^ they nn.ht e.^^Z^:^: ''''''' '^'^' ^-" '-d
r ' '* " ''^ ''^'^•'- '"timate and unZ ? . *'"'I""^'""b--iHn schists
terous Sil„ri«„ ,,,j, ,^, " "".loubted association with the fossi
upon their a,e. ""' ''"' °-' '« «"'»bled to pronounce definS,y
r';::,X„f /"^^'''*'«"t'^ the areas of 8ilu,,ian " . ,
i-.-.hi..,.,,..of black graphitic limestones .^rb,iT 'T''^^'' '^^ great belt
-Pecmlly well developed along th If etr^ slates, which is
Lake, .nore particularly to the 'rt "^ "'? "'^ "' ^'^^'P'-'-'-go.
fonnerly regarded as of upper Sil" " ,'""' '^'^""^ ^'•^«'' ^ay ..al
^-ther east, and extending'tl .n 1 rtl"" ^'7"'"^^'^' ^^ ^''-o^
;ve.e al.o ..signed to the sLe 'ft n"? T^l'" ''" ^^-^"^'-e Ri^•e;
the position of these rocks 7n * """*'<'»* The reasons for chan i!
-ated in .ny .p.,, Jts 'caSf ^^•■^'^' '^^ '^'-^t n
^o-d not only in the limestones b: in ; ;':7 ^7^ -- il f J
The snndl area of limestone at v^ " ^'^^ '^^"^ -"-•
faulted in between ^latlof r ^^^""""^ ^"'"^ -'"eh is apoare H
-k is highly erystatine ;s: :;:r^ ^^^oubtfu, hoZr "x ^
—stones, and the only foss iy ^^ f^ ^^— ^ the pre-Can^b.^:
^rom the limestones of' the Silunlnr';" ■"''''''' '^^""«- ^t diffe "
-ci also in the fact that the rock doesUr ^"T '"^'^ '" ^»'--ter
so common in the SiluHan beds It t *''*' P^''««»<=« of corals
-y. for the present at leas, in ^rir"'^'''^ «^ ^'^ date, a '^
e Klence, be placed in the Cambro-SiLi "" "' '""" ''-^'--e
'7';r-'^^^'-^--'i-:o::'f:it::r^^' ^"^^^^'>- - ^"
-:prr^:r:i;r7;;i-
'i^s^n^either side of Georgevillf "tW 7«"«" ^^'^e, for severa'
:«eol„g,.ofcWd;r,;;;«;7^.,. :i^3^fi:^uently foru. cliffs
t Annual RejK.,.t, (Jeol. Sur •. Can"" ,W ,
LiincstoiiF (if
MilfTlHIIlH
I'liint.
(icoixcville
linie.stoneN.
Jioiites is also well
"f the lake oppo-
:'io.se found in the
■a of considerable
oi a soft, jrreen,
o the south-west
wp rock is seen in
on the shore of
several hundred
that from hand
'Hnibrian schists,
with the fossili-
ounce definitely
the great, belt
ilates, vviiich is
^Jeniphreinagog
'itch Bay, was
. »nfl the rocks
audiere Jliver,
s for chan^nring
3 already been
< were in fact
3 same series.
is appai'ently
lorizon. The
pre-Caujbrian
i. It differs
in character,
ice of corals,
ier date, and
- conclusive
**ibly as an
particularly
for several
form cliffs
'.J
camuko-siluriax.
15 ,1
o considerable h.Mght, and their broad, flaggy character is well seen
The3- are occasionally thrown into abrupt folds, several of which are
visible near the (Jeorgeville wharf, but further north, in the vicinity
of Olivers Corner they are nearly vertical, and large slabs, suitable
for pavements or Magging, can be easily removed. To the south of
Georgev.lle, the limestone forms a bold bluff for a couple of miles to
the bay north o Aran's wharf, arouml the shore of thich thev a^
also wel exposed. Near the head of this bay the strata are in places
ti led w. h corals o ten of large si.e, and very good specimens may be
obtained trom this locality. The slaty portions are frequently schisC y ,
and the corals are drawn out and greatly flattened by tl, pressu '"^^"
hrough which this schistosity has been induce,!. Corals flattened in
the same way are seen on the shore at Capt. Cullys and at Round
Jt^l'"'"T "'■ ,*^%'^'/"''''^" '" *•- -•- i-^ that of a folded basin, Stn,..,,.. f
esting on either side of the lake, upon fossiliferous Can.bro.Silurian o "'" """■■■"'•
lower T.enton rocks. That the rocks of the whole serieshave been ub
jected to great metan.orphic action since their deposition, is evident n '
only from the highly inclined and often folded character of the strata bo
ot the upper Silurian and the underlying Can.bro-.Silurian ^ds.t
tiata o both formations, not only along the lines of bedding but
frequently ransve.-sely to the bedding or cleavage planes. This is further
shown by the alteration of the Silurian fossilifelous beds from '
ordinary con.l.tions of calcareous slates an.l limestones, to that of taico e
cr^stallnxelimestonesmtheother. Fossils were obtaine.l from a number K ■,
of points in the Silurian, among which may be mentioned, ™ o"
Landing, O.Js Head, Round Island, Capt. Gullys Cove, Allan I ay
and the road one mile south of (Jeorgeville. at'the cro sing f the
brook near the contact with the graphitic slates. The result of their
exannnation will be found in the appendix to this report.
CA.MBRO-SILURIA\.
The complicated Structure o<= the Carabro-Silurian rocks of sonfl.
he Pof st .7 "" 1 "^^ '^'*"" ''' '^PP'^'-^"*'^ represented, from
shales^ Ihe physical characters of these where found in the eastern
area, however do not in many cases resemble those which prevai ^
the characteristic strata of the several formations as Cop^d
16 J
yt'EiiKr.
r-;i
KaiiltH
Fossils
■■'I I
H,.Ks.„„ Zk^\,!'-iTr\T\ ''"""^ '''''"' '''«*"'^*' -here th.ae
fossils ciitf,.,- ^'*'* ™" "^ well studied. In ivL'iirfl tn. n,o ,. • i ,
fr...n ,„',:.;. in the fonnor als.,, it ,„ay he vJZkedofth. f ^"""'''
ty >i(.al 1IIC11.S. ^1,;. • , -^ it-iimiKea ot the lower members that
while m general aspect the.se resen.bl. the typical fossils of t^^ f
r,r;;;:.::n:':;;:,;:::;;rr"rf"
The elucidation of the strvetiirp ,,f tu;^ ^i
jnthemuehdisputed,ue.i:::::^::; ;i^r:;r^i^^;
Quebec, as well as of tho,se found „„ the' Island f ( ." a tatd .t
.ni^.-^of tl. fossihf.^^^
^. described b. Sir Wm. ^ "' ^^r^r^r f^ldH
vlnch has been traced f.on, the Vermont boundary'at he foot^J
Lake Champla.n to the city of .^.ebec, and thenc do vn the S
Lawrence R.ver along the north sido of (Jaspo Peninsula.
. In order that the somewhat complicated structure which prevails in
this region may be more clearly understoo.l, it will be neceLry fir"
"In ;r ' ";i r '"■"'"" ""' ^tratigraplucal relations of what ;« e
ga d a^among the lowest rocks of the system, vi., those above the horlll
of the Po sdam sandstone and known as the Phillipsburg series iTZl
.le,scnbed as a portion of the Quebec group ; more espe'c^Cin e t i^
now very generally admitted by all who have carefully sUidied t,
series b,th along the A'ermont boundary and about Quebec ciy Ind
Point Levis that certain portions at the two extremities of the section
can be readily correlated. Very considerable attention has te
years been paid to these rocks by geologists and paheontologi.sts in tie
United States, among wh(.m Mv C D \r,.i */u . ""'fe'"'''^ >n tiie
par. and their studies of the ^^^^'.^^ ^ll^.^ ^ ^^
of the fossils obtained therefrom, have been extensive. Large clc
tions_have also been made by Mr^Vhiteaves, D^eeks Ind myself
t(iet.logy of Canada, 1863, p. 234 ' ' ' •^•'' '"^^ "■• ^'^^7-m pp. 48k-84k.
Tin. I'hillii
••]
«'amiii(o-sili;h/an.
17 J
«I)|>. 48K-84K.
« s", ,?',"T 'TZ '": "'" ■"'''"iP"'""!-' ™'l «• An,„u„l .,,.,i„„ ,„„|
ir;:;:::;;:;n:;;^'i:t^:-;::;:r - "'-""-'
I Ire rocks of tl.is s...,i,.n havo Loen vn-y fully clos..ril,..d l.y Sir W,„
m .nuHl that ,hn v.-ws „s t., tl... sf ntti«n.,.lncal s..,ue,u.o of th. various
. .v..ons ot tl... <,uobee «rou,. .ere entir..ly .lifFerent f. t so d
fire now generally received. ■"•wnicJi
Tl.„s, the series of l.Iack linu-stones and slates, in places ..ontainin,, K i
-.,s hut .n others ,.,,.,.ently regarded at that Un.e'vs "Cl" ----"^
w.ch appear at sev..ral point. (notal.ly at Farnhan., M.-I "
Da nvdle, etc.,) were, from certain peculiarities of struct re re-- l"i
as for the n.ost part of Potsdam a,e and held to underl ti: fo
mhterous ^uehec .roup, which was then supposed to co L . Z
Lev. and Sdle.y divisions only. The Sillery.'lreove. w ^^ :,,
as probably newer than the Levis_a point in st uc u e'^C
has s.„ce l>een corrected ; as it is now condusivelv establiXd U^
the Nllery red, «reea and black slates and grits are older or t ti
«raph.c.lly beneath the L.vis .lates, limestones and congi:..:C;:
Iho barnha.n limestone series is now l)elieved from th^ o. • i
the contained .^sils. as well as on stratigrapl •:a; ^^iL^r 'r : -^Ir.
th homon o the lower Trenton forn,atio„, so that in order to d ar
understand the structure of this interesting group one must
p..telyre.e,.sethestratigrapldcHlse,p.encea;foLe.^; .:l^
upward fron. Sdlery (upper Potsdam), I.=vis and lowe: P li i ' b ^
(Calcferous), upper Phillipsburg, Bedford and Mvstic (C y 3
Jarnham black slates a.Hl limestones (h.wer Trenton) \t IT
Quebec, all these formations do not anLr [,7 T ' *""'' St,ati^ra„l,i.
I , . , '""""'' "" "Ot appear, at least not n such nerfpnf '^"' ""I'lencc.
development as in the southern part of the province the p. . 'P^'^""'
being apparently, or for the most part at leLt Tan^n ^ '^''"^''
beds of the upper L.vis formation'ma/ be li ^rto ^I^V ""
which appears probable. The lack of uniform : of deveo '
Area We..t of th. St. Lawrence and Champlain Fault.
The newest rocks of the Cambro-Silurian system fo„nr) ; .u-
• (ieolcgy of Canada, 18(i3, ,,,,. 27.-,-2H(i, ami 844-801
tl. trcolosy of Canada, 18(13, p. 2.S!» 240
2. A,n,«al KH,„.rt, (i„.l. Surv. Can., 1887-88. vol. ,„. (N..S.), ,,. H2k.
18 J
Wl'EUEC.
I'ticii
Iioi'i'iiiiii'.
'^'liariU'tciM I if
thf I<<irraiiif
»nd Ifticii.
fault, between it riuI the Riv.... >4f r
t.... nvo.. on hot), .sides ., Lt , , r,:.^:7T,''^'\:'''^''' •-^•'"- '''-«
well chHrHcte,i.e.l by fossils w|. , '" '*"'"• ^''^^ ""^
-><i St. indues, on the Va : U ^ ' nlllllt'^ " '' ^"^'""'"
Baptist., village, (the latter on the '.. ^ ' ^ ,"",' '' *'''""
Hiehelieu a short distance above M .luS I ' " '"'' '"""' ^''^^
H-.ck ex,.o.su,-esare, however r.l 1 '"""^' ''"'' "' ^''"»"••'^•
north, oithe lowe p:;t;\r ;:f'*'"^ '•'"■•''-
" -.al, collection of^fossi,! II^Z'^Z'^'I-VT ''''''''
presence of the typical Lorraine s : e fo n ti on Tt M • 7""' "'"
■'served to indicate the anparentlv „ ,,'""""*'"" "' *'"'' Pl'^-e, and
throughout tl.i., area. "'"""^ ""'*°'-'" -^^t-nsion of these nn^ks
generally ofa,.ay-h:::o„^:L;:^::;:.ri:; "^"-^-^ -^
which .o„.etin,es pass into sandstone la C T ^ '' ^"'f ^'''''^•
«-.-.. hed.ii.;rrrc::i'r::^^^^^^
The most northerly outcroo of th. r • .
Kj- ;. '"•* t''''^erse of the St. Francia Rivp,- m .. • ' • <'iroux,n
'-"■" r. ■°""" '^^ »™"-' i'^ " ni : iL "2 '7;;: r"
dips, », a ,„|f, are l„„. „„„;„„ f™, ° '^, '" """ "I'l'Mce. Ths
ot cl.j,. • "" '""'"'■* •«■"« '»" °"d 'he »urf~e oo,«ia.i„g
Tlie Yanm«kii Ascending the YamasWa n« i„,) . ,
«"-^- and a half o^ the mouT^ ;he c llr^'^^^'^ *'" -*'»" «- ™ile
Hu«ues. Herebedsof gr^y aLS ':tith bTV?'' '^' '''''""' °^ «'•
show in the stream. Aey con atn I' ! , "'' '"^ ^'■'^^^^'' ^'-'««'
a collection was made b; Mr Cr :^Tr "' u'f'' '™'" ^^''^'''^
IWi. just mentioned^ - ^rHu^eCrdip ^
•St. FranoiH
i
tui.j
CAMIIRO-SIM-RIAV.
19 .1
an.lulu,™,UI„n^i,,,,„„^„/ 4™;, ' ''"*'"" '"■" "'""I' '•■■■I"'"
in thi, .„e,i„., i, s. <:0 to "ri ;„"™","' '':>■ "' "'" '««l«
of ,kty |,„„,,tone, between the C«„„diai, F,u.iti„ l'«l«nd
U,e ,™d..,ndee, «„pt„,ite, we„ tZZ tTlltt':'"!''; "■«'
wH.b iwed t,,.. „:■::; :w*'Ct:r,t:™;rit "'■ ^
.11 lushly cleave, .„„ though ^^MyZ'L^:. 1 , ^'' "" ""'""'
:ii' r r. j:;ertrvr:\"= - "- "^
I
•20 .1
'IVKHKC.
Fos^iU
I :^
un H,n nm.s«, .,y wluch , Ley have .^en greatly nltere.1. the sluty
Un^..u,.. b....o,.nn;, very l.,.,.l ,„..l .-h.-rty at the ..ontac. Near tl.o
bane of tl... m.untH..>. c.rtai,, l.-ds ,.f this li,n..,sto.M. series hav. a oon-
.o,..nt. . .aract... ith p..,..,.. ..f .i.neHto..e i„ n .laty eah.an...us
paste. lh..y a.e throw,. „.to a s.^ies of folds, an. 1 are all hi,,|.,v
H IT; ",r '^r"--""^^>' "•^-•'' -'--^ then,... to the Va'.aska
H.v, r. I),al,„se dyk.-s are ol.servod, sometimes nearly '..laek in colour
and generally hne grained ; and these usually oceur along the heddin.
planet., hut sometnnes cut directly aeross the strata.
The country between St. Hyacinthe and the Hiehelieu liive- ,„
IJel.ed .s Hat and no rocks are e.x,K.se.l till the rook of the mountain
8 reached M sevx-ral places along its ha.se, ledges of sandy shales
and I nestoncs of Lorraine anpevt are s en, a.ui at the village of .St
Jean Bapt.ste, on the iiiver des Hurons. sandy ar.d calcareous l^ed^
contatn a great abundance of fossils. The locality was noted in
the Geology of Canada (186;J), p. ,.0!), but large coll< ctions of fos.sils
have since been n.ade from this place, which present the usual f.ud.son
K.ver or Lorra.n., aspect. (.See appendix). .Vbout St. Johns citv,
■ " ■' """• 7 '•°^'''-;F— -e Been, l.ut on the south-west Hank of Mt. Joh;.!
ston or .Monnoir, about .six nn'les north-east, blacki.sh-grav limestone
and slates were obse^^ .d along the road in contact with tl.; granite of
the mountain mass, in which a layer containing fossils of Hudson River
age occurs. These rocks are all highly altered along the contact.
About Lhambly I as.n also, the Lorraine shales and sandstones are
well expased The.se have yielde.l fossils, a good collection havi...
been made from this locality in 1890 by Dr. Deeks, my a.ssistant in
tnat year.
The Utica formation appears occasionally in the district east of the
St. Lawrence, as well as about the Island of Montreal. (5,x,d expo
sures are found at Point St. Charles,- near the northern extremity of
the ^ ictoria Bridge, and vicinity, as well as .t St. Helen's Island
alrea<ly alluded to, and the characteristic sl.ae.. of .J,e formatio,
appear again on the cast side of the riv.: U.., ; , .ueuil anu
thence toward Laprairie. beyond which place, .o u.e soutleast', this
formation is concealed by the great mantle of clay and sand. At the
village of Industry, or Joliette, on the west side of the St. Lawrence
he Chazy and Trenton beds are well exposed, but a small collection o^
Uica fossils in the Museum, made by Sir Wm. Logan in 1852, at this
>lace has been examined by Dr. Ami, and indicates the occurrence of
.a ou. .rop of t ins formation in the vicinity, f
' V ;c«Iofry of Cf ■ ,n, ]«(!3, p. 20" —
f Jan. Rec. of ,•■' v-iice, Oct., 18!)2 1) •>1 — Tl„. TT»;„„T ■ ,-,
<■■. i".'-, |>..i. 1 he (Jticft Terrain 111 Can!ula(H. .M. Ami).
Cliall.lily
liaciii.
Utica Hlialo
near Montreal
Joliette.
CAMUHtt-wK IRIAX.
M .r
y iiltPiiHl, the siaty
(••intiiot. Near the
<• series Imve n con
II ft ulaty fiilc'iircoiis
unci «re ull highly
xl for nearly tw..
ic to the Vaniaska
rly liliuk in c<ili>ur
'ilong tliu bedding
Hitlu'lii'u Mivei ^rt
k of the mountain
PS of sandy slialfs
I the village of St.
id calcareous l)eds
ity was noted in
lie ctions of fossils
the usual Hudson
It St. Johns city,
ank of Alt. John-
sh-gray limestone
■itli the granite of
of Hud.son River
ong the confact.
d sandstones are
collection having
i, my assistant in
strict east of the
eal. (i(X)d expo-
arn extremity of
• Helen's Island,
f tiie formatioii
i- ':j;ueuil, anu
> south-east, this
d sand. At the
16 St. Lawrence,
nail collection of
in 1852, at this
he occurrence of
matin (H. M. Ami).
To the .south an.l east of .Montreal the I lica apj.ears h«i rarely
I Mack .shales with cliftra«-teristic fo.s 1. .show in tl... I...! of the Little
Montreal Hiver at LA.-adie. went of St. Johns, and. further .south. ,,■ x...„,,,
they are well e.x,,os..d in the Lu-olle Itiver. half a mile east of
Ucolle village. . m the east si.le of the Hichel.eu. west of Cla.en.e. r ...,„.
VI le on the .t.ad from r.,.olle, l.la.k graphitie shales are ex.H.sed
w „oh -ont.iin gra,.toli(..s an.l other fos.ils of a lower hoii.on
/'use aie prol.al.ly the ..juivalents ot the t^ueheo dtv rocks, overlain
h the tti.a on either side. The typical Utica Occurs again at
Clarenoeville .uul for son.,, .listaiue east towards Mi.ssis.p.oi JJav. The cia,- ,„.,.i,|.,
eastern area of the M-mphremagog l.asin has vet shown no 'unk^ of
I tua age, the graptolitic shales there fouiul helonging to a lower
hori/on, presumably the lower Trenton.
The valley of the St. Lawren.e, from Lake St. Louis almo.st to Que- .s, i .«.r..„c..
I'-T city, and tor some mih-s on either sid<. of the river, is .Kvupie,! bv «''^'' '"■••'»•
strata of the I'tica ami Lorraine formations, between which, the line
of .separation at most ,.oint.s, is ditHcult to a.scertain, owing to the
;;reat mantleof clay so widely distributed throughout this ar.'a This
rejrion was one of the first studied by the Geological Survey.
The strata expo.sed are nearly horizontal, disturbances being few
and due to intrusive masses of doleriti.- matter. The rocks where
e.xposed abouml in fossils, and their true horizons can therefo.e
be readily determined. The dolo.itic rocks which intersect
these strata, form mountain masses, sometimes of large extent, which
pre.sent conspicuous featui-e in the otherwise monotonously level
Jand-cape. ''
The.se rocks both the fos.siliferous sediments and the intrusive ma.sses, ...tn.ivc
have been well .lescribed in the earlier rep..,rts of the Survey * In the "fi'-.
hrst of these, viz., that for 1847, the characters of the roc-ks visible on
the me of section between Montreal and Lake Memphremagoir are
so clearly stated that but little remains to be said on that subject:
Vs, however, the relati.ms of certain groups, more particularly the .st I.aw„.,K...
crystalhne schists and the red and green slates and sandstones o'f the -/•' f":
upper Cambrian (Sillery) were not at that time clearly understood, "' """■
these wil call for some remarks on a subsequent page. The general
horizontahty of th. measures, except where this is disturbed by the
presence of the intrusive masse, or dykes, is maintained almost to the
v.cini y oi the great St. Law . vnce and Champlain fault, which, as already
descnbed ,n a ormer report, e.xtends from the city of Quebec to the foot
o^M ^isquoi Lay. T heJ.iul^brings ^edsjof the Trenton formation
22 J
QUEUKC.
Dixtiirbanccs
of strata.
Trenton for-
inati(]ii.
St. Francis
nivfr, |)|.„„
iiionrtrillt..
J" OSS i is.
••etween exposed point, .i,,::*:--^^^^
Tlusg..eat fault ...-ks one of ^.r"'^^ '^ '''^^^'^ -"i-*"-'-
^he .listnct uncle., discu.ssion 1 1:^'"' r'"^"''''^' ^-*»- ^^
-oned thereby is p.-esunubly 2 ^ TT'' '^ ^^'■^P'-ernent ocea-
eavy faults, whicl. traverse t'.e..^ 7 *'^" *^^* eau.sed by other
d-et.on, and which are seenaZ'V''"'''^-'''''' *^' «o"^h-west
^«^ only is thi.s entire area gllaff 7 k" "^'^'^ '^^-"Pl'-nngog.
the rocks of the older or orystallintsch i '"" '''"■^^'>' "-'°'^«'
sedunents of the district. Xarr " a ' !■"?' "'''' *''° '""«* recent
-en, which contain fo,ssiIs bu " '" '' "'" Cun.bro-SiluHan are
-List. ; while in so„,e pla as t^ ^^i;:::."*'^ -"terstratitied w.th the
I" the earlier reports of the (Cl ^ 'l s" T "''*^^ ^'^^ribution.
.ese rocks were included in the LWsil"'-"'^ "''""" f"'^^'"- ^^
the black graphitic Hmestone.s and as 7T ' ''"'^^ '^^'''P'''-' both
;r^-ndescribed,andw^-rbr:^-^^^^^^
;;":rS;"tl^— --H^areaf^
^^--nondville. They are he e se^L^r;"'" ''"^^" ^'^'^ ^•^"''^- «^-
""••■ook.ng rocks, presunjbly „f X ^^ '■■"'" r^"'"' '^''-^ «f ^im-
sandstones. with red and green slat of Sill '""' '^ " ""''' "^ «••-»>«'•
v;lle, the black slates and limestn .f « "'^ '"^""=*- ^* ^^'-n-ond-
- those from the vicinity of Z.^:" ^'"'T'f'^^^^
the„,selves are n.uch broke! up I 1 •„ "^^"^''^ ''''''' «-' the rocks
trappean material.J From this L v '^ ™^''''^ «^ ^ioritic or
- 1863 by Mr. T. C. AvCton JS;; ^""7"- °^ ^-'s was naade
appendix). Just below the rll d 1 .T '''■'"•'^^^' '^>' J^''' ^nu (see
--<iville, the black slates dp' -ir:^.,' ^'-'rap .asses at DrLn
Pebbly^eofthe bands dt ^ ^ slX ' T' '" ''''^ ^^
^;Tr^ -77~ — — _^ " ^'''*'' conglomerate. These
Ki,;.
■■%
..]
CAMHRO-SILl'RIA>f.
23 J
black sates are said by Air. N. J. Giroux to extend for l.alf u n.ile
io nL o"m ^' " *"^"' '"' '"•" """"'^'^"•^ "•-'• '^-^-^ -''
tones, often slaty and occasionally sandy, are interstratilied with
brownish eacareous slates, and dip S. < 40 : and a few u.iles below,
o near the hne l^tween the townships of Upton and (^ranthan, a
ohff about forty-hve feet high, presents a ,ood section of thin grayi;h
or brownish-gray crumbling shales, which dip S. l>.V E. < GO These
contan. thick bands of grayish-brown sandstone, the whole' havi. !
the aspect of the Ut.ca formation as seen at Montmorenev Falls. The^:
beds are ..newhat .listurbed, dipping generally at a high angle, both' F..„t«
d.cationsot winch are apparent at .several point... They presumably
To the north of this area, exposures of the fo.ssiliferous rock, are n
n^seenon the.Hecaneour lliver, where, however, chey are n.„ ^ ; H^vi":' '
conhned to the Lorraine shales, and greenish-gray, sandy be.Js occupy
tance of the road winch crosses between ranges s.-ven and ..i.d.t of
.etrZ 7 r ,-'^^'^-«r"- '^'- '--• «xpo-es of the.se sha.: a e
nearly fla but the d.p suddenly rises to an angle of GO" to 70 , owin. to
harp fol<hng and faults. These grayish sandv beds, exte d u "tl e
stream ahno.st to the contact with the red an.l green slates o e
Sdlery and the Trenton black limestones, if they c^cur at al 1 e
duced to a very limited area. '
Returning to the St. Francis River, a second area of the black s. r •
h^U^ne. and a.ociated blackish-gray calcareous slates, is se in the ^^r^
m^r?^?V ?"^?"^""''^ '"^'"^ Dnnnmondwile and lill^ll^r
«de the rocks „. contact are a series of black limestones of lowe^
T enton a.spect, resembling those of St. Don.inique, which form tl
bed of the nver for some distance. Thence up stLun, outcrops of !
a^,e hmestones are seen at .several points, as far as lot eigt, r g
:n te::T^::r;:^^^'^^^""^"'-"^^"^^ ^'- ^-^-- ^--^ *^«
The northern portion of the eastern area of the.se rocks, viz that .■
part nort o the St. Francis River, has a very considerabl 1:.^ ""'•
ment ,n the townships of Kingsey, Simpson and Warwick. The a es
24 ,r
Ql'BHEC.
Fossils
Riplimoml,
and limestones can !» t, i
A-tha.,asU Cistno, .W /tt"""' l"^^ ''"^ ^'^--'^ -cl
^-^loped, and the a.La^e^L u' '"IT ?" °' '"^ ^'^"'^^ ^'^ -"
and bl.c.kish..my slates, the lltl, i l '''"'f-^-''^-^' '^"«" ™Ieareo„s,
'--1 Sravish.b..ow„ ,i.„e tone ,e t. '"", '' "•"'""'"^' P''^^''- «
eha-acte.. is well n.a.ke,! th o . Ifl'T' ""^'■^'""^- ^in^ pebbly
fonnation and ha. served to dsu!LlH; T'"'" "' ^'^''^ -^*'-
»; the Wotton area, north of t e St ' ' "'" "' '''' ''S'' "«t ..nly
-f Meu,phren,a.og Lake wh ^ "'"' '"* "^'" '^'^°"* ^he shores
'^undaneeof.ri^nt^,.:^::,^,;;^^ -^^"> ban., hold a,.;:
of the Kingsey area are bou I ''?""'"" '^^"'^ ^'^ ''-ks
••ed slates and hanl g.-een ." "'"'' "* ■^''^•--' I-i"ts, by
aspect, although owin^ohr™'" '^ "P^*^'' '^'^'-'^ (Cambrian^
at n.any places, the continuous CactTr^f Z" V'' ^^'"'''' '"•--''
P ac-es this i. doubtless of the na u" c^ be observ-.d. I„ ,o,ne
tl.e structure is co.nplicated by 2^ " ""■'"P' "'"'^ ''^^ "^'--
ActoLva^Z^^^;:, I^'IJ":!; If""^' ^'""" ^'^'--^ and
another basin -hich ^extends alonT tt T '""'" At liichn.ond,
Danville, has been already el Sd" ! '"" "' ''^ «-"^ Trunk to
crosses the St. Francis into Mel ou '1 1 /l' "''"* "' ''''■' ^bis
'•apidly narrowing valley e^te^ '^ thence continues south in a
BromptonLakep^stthe'liL : ;i"P T """" ^^''"•'"' ««- fro.n
celebrated New Hockland slatf, "'"tT' ""'i 1'"^" '"^^^ '^ ^-
peculiar graphitic lin.estone and sh 1 ' 1 ^ ^ '" '' "^ '"^'"S^bury, the
-cognised, can be traced i" tl ! ''' "'"' *'" '"•'"'^^'- --sily
aongthe road to Melbourne KiZ hi'- 7'?''' ^■'^— -1 ""li
the crystalline pre-Can.brian ch f f, . ! ""' ''"^■"^ '^ -Pa-tes
:;;i:"S"l ^'-^^ «'^^^- and .uart.iteso t^^c^X;;;'-^ -';«-•'<>.■ blulsh.
mon.lt.. section, after passing the .reen chl V . " *'"•" ^'"'"'^^ ''''""k
-tent at least, schirtose dCul dT- ? '" ^^"^'' "''' ^« -"«
o"s band fron, the Vern.ontr.r. *°'''" "" '^'»'««t continu-
-bist series of the cen a rt^"f ""^ " ' "'""« *'- "ank of the n^ica-
often woody fibred slat, ^ : ^ ^7^ " ""' ""'' ^""'^' -">^-'-
"% in their upper parts, beds A ., '" ?""^"'^'' ^'^^ «"d contain:
-ell exposed about 8out^. B^J^tiuT^'''" ^"'^*""' '^''-^' --
;iu-ectly upon the green chlori ^^.^ ^l^^!^'"-' ^^'-e tbey rest
bands occur in the lower part and , "^"^'o^ed. Several purple
-Vr- - - P:'^^"d^''ese are well seen along the St
in.iii.l to
Acton
ElLS.j
<A.MHROSII,L'RIA.V.
25 .1
'■rv m]
Nl;lt.-s, \-,..
I *» 1 . "line ftt. iTiuicis Hiver sect on Tli„
the Y..,„«,l„, ""'"'""'"'» l'-«<"-« ™"cli.ng the north branch of
-.nd^Php-rt^'X^th^-f^— -■:%
«.I.eot, Md ,.„ exposed in .he «„.,„ ,-„, .,„„ jo,, ^.^^^ ^,
26 .,
VUEHEC.
Kariiliiiin ti
Cow.tlisvilli
liitnisivc
'l,vKi's;it Far
liitiji.
^^»■■s^iIs.
Clu'ity bc'Is.
below the roeid Tl
•luaH^veins.' No oU;!.. Si^ JZ'^ °' 'T'"'''"' ^"' ^^'-^ ^^ ^y
'-- below or near Wes ] , ' "n"?'"^ "' *'"^ P''^'^^' ^"t' '» the
-n, probabl, fo.n tl J L ; ' r:, ;'7^f ^' ,-f ^erable si.e were
"un.ber of fo«sil f.^ns. all of w| 1 "^■^' "^^ '^""*'''>"-' '^ S^eat
^o-ation. The po.siUo. of ; r" '" 'r'"^' *^ ''^^ '^-'"^«»
•-tones, is apparently below tie I. ' ''''*"' '•'"^' ^''^^y ){„,«-
a line of section from he a t" F 'T' *"'"^ ^''^*''^' ^"^' '^^ - ^^^^e
--• «w-tsbur,, the structure of Zr"' T"^'--^ ^o Cowansville
«"^ieet of dispute for son.e y:L'j:rZ r^.r:" '^^ ^^ *^«
• eo;::,f;::;:'":;;i:;: :::';: ''^ ^--"^ ^'-' ^'-^ ^- ve^
''■-atones. Beinin with t '?"' T'" •'■^■'"'^'"^' ^'^'^^ -d
<'^ann,ebelowl,e rllt , e' r:;! l'^ ^"-^> '^^^^ ^"-ei.hth.
SHH... slates are seen, dip X^^^^f ";.r'"'''^* ""'^'^'^--
filled with lar-e boulders tf.p ^' . " ^'''""^ *'"''' *''« "ver is
observed. ThL slate '.LTl'^ /^ "'^^' -" - 'edges were
in places n.ade up ahnost " i ,^^ ■ "' '""''" ''O'-nblendic diorite,
'■-.in.inwidtl/fr : '■;: '"'^"•^'»'^'' ->-stal, the dyke^
'■ follow the lines of beddin l thev s r" ""''"■ '''"'^ ^''^^« "— "y
Approaching the hi,hwv:i,Z bT"" "'' ^li'-tly across the.rf
'>econ,e darker and more c fl VT? '' *'" *°^"'' ^l^^ ^^^^^
'--tone, which are rust^ on w t^' . ''^ "' ''""'^ "''^'^ ^ '^'-'^
^'"•o.nitic. These band:!'!::: ^tiul'r ^1 ^^^ ^^^^'^"^'^
twisted and cleaved across the 1. , '"'' ''''''^'' ^^'^ "'"<^1'
•'-Iges, traces of «,,,^ res . "'\ • '''^*"^^'^ *'- *- '-l-y
1-ndred yards ab^ve't^: tp;:;:;::' " ^"'^'" ''''' ''^'^ '^^^^^
l>'-k lin,eston.., an r^.M.Zs an s "^ ", 'T' "'^^■'^^'•'^^■■«-' with the
In the extension of these ^droL'r ^'- "'" '""'''^ ^^'^''^ ^'^^-'-d.
-.e found, all straight f t "he oT ^1' "' ''" "^'^'•' -"^-^P^^*''*-
Pi-s which are out^.y dh^;^; ^ '^"^f-^ ^^ "^'^-d Haggy
beds are also cleaved across th. 1 1 f ''• ^^^'^'^ «*" ^''^se
'•»^^-n. In a thin ban w L ' "" "^' ^''^ ^"^■^''^-^ ''-•d to
/'^'W..,. ,.,, crinoid ste. were "'"'""r ''" "™P^°"t'-l.te,
c'eternnnable. Thence ^Z^nJT^' 7' """' "^''^''' ^-™-^ -^
and limestones we,, obser ed i H "^ " """' "^''^^ '''^^''^ «''-^t^«
broken and altered, some of the beds "•"''''?■ ^'"'' '''-"^'""'"« S^^^'^^ly
at the Marsouin liiver on th St L "' "' '"' ^'"'^ "'^« *''"-
also seen in these. This is L. „ 11''""'' *'"'''■' '^'" S'''4^tolites being
between the Trenton bed an tr'^',,"* '^l '""* ^'" ""^ "^ ^^'^
«'-anby area; the ac."^ co f ^ i "; •' ^'--^'''^^'^ford and
--^^ Pieces Of the green and r^^llalrir^Z-f^^^^^^^
liU.]
CAMHRO SILURIAN.
il .1
one and a half mile ea fo I r T'' ' ^'"'^'^ ''^''>« ^■■^•'''''' '^'-"t
occur in the ri ^ «: It , t^^ ,r""' ^'^^^■"; ^^^•' '^^ ^''-^ ^''^^es
three, of West Fa.-nhan,, probal.lv n r t J . ^"^ ^■"'""' ''""«'
«ille.y ridge, ..uth-west fro„r ^ ^t i 7" T"""'"' "' *'"
not come qui.et,, the riihvw . ■'""^- ^'""'" '■'"^^'^■'^ ^'"
on lot thi ty ran!! th"! r ■''" ""' '■""^' '^"' "" ^''^' ^'^^ -<i''.
Oranhv,Il..eacb^ZriS.^ '-i^'lf'""'''^ ^''^^ ^'"'^^ -"^'—t of
to Farnhau. Jnt e 1 \vl '"' '''" "' ^"'"'^"'^ '''""■^ '^"- '•'-'
the .eoiogy of i^l':^;'::jrzrTr
occasional outeropfof thH.!;:'h. :!;• ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^l^
-e lughly cleaved and the dip il i, J t ^ / ' "'''""''• "^'"''^^
thrown into a series of fold, ^ ' ;"""''""'-, '^"^ they appear tu be
Far„ha.n,on th "."d to C . ' -n ' "' ^^"-^"^ ^"-•'-- or East
••ocks are precisely sin i ^ " " ,'. ' I ""'"" ^"""■^- '^'''-"
M,sti,frL.hi^;;;::::;L:;;r^',-,:^':,^>-^^^ -n at
cioionntic ^^ro::2:!;:::-^z^zz!T'rc''''''- ''--
are exposed on the road east fiv.n F ^ f "^ " Cowansville, and
of hrome Mounfun aI '■"'''''"^' ^"^ '^"^ ^"^''"^'^^ "'"-^
which yield OS ;..J^LT?' PT*^ ^'^^^^ ^^-^-'^ 'i'-^one hands
Mystic Hn,est:n::;::i:;r" "^'" *^ '^ ^"" ^^"-^^-^^ «* ^^^
western outcrops of wl ieh 7re! f {''"' "' ^'''''^■^ '•°'^'^'-''' *»'« '''"^■^■-
28 .7
VUKBEC.
!■*.
'•iudiiii.
I'.ip'iieim
fusxilH,
Coiitiict (if
Tn-ntoii and
ami as the contained fossils are of lnw«r T.^ *
w ;r:T't";:;r: r -t-- '"-"-net
u« pace. K.,„. u,eiv::v«;: f:r:::t; .;: rf - --
v.;,»s.. „„„„.■;„ ::,. "it; ,: :'z,.rL.r '^■''^, '""-
«11 ,., ,l,e bUok li,„e,to„„ of u,„t locality. ^ "''™ "
. half ,.„t of .he p! I ; 1 'v:t f ' r ™"" •""" """ ■""« »"<■
""■»-'. ""ie pitnriif ; -s' ; r- ™,^'"t :'"^
were seen in some of the hpric f. ^ Cnnoid stems
abundance of Tre„ on nns buTl r '""^ ""*^^"''^' "' '''^'''
Bands of lin.estone eonglomer^ tith n 7" "f .'°""' '"^ P'^^^'
gray shale occur as a oar .7 H ^ ""' °^ ^""'^ °'' '''•'^^kish-
gray'ish (dove rr^) ,f: :1*' VpTk'^ u T*^'" '^'"^^ P^^"^'- °^
pebbles and ti,: ^ont iL Ills b" ' " '°^'"' ^'^^"^ ' '^"*»' ^'-
found in the eastern p tit f '"'pEt' ^^"^-^ *° ^^'''^* ^-'^
rocks are of Chazva^e Th. ? ""-psburg section where the
Stanbridgeco X~e T I 7^'"'''' "'^^"''^^ ^""^^^'^^ ^^e
Ii.«estones have" bu ned^^^^^^^ -™~ These
quality is not const eed' ^ . ^'^**^"«^^«'3' ^^v lime, but the
.4. Domini.pe J ;' ir ;" *^ ^-- the stone of
are all h.gh v clej."d 1 T" '^"'^ "' *'" '"•'^- ''--*--- which
able thickness f;:^:, /^ Wuir" "Tr'' *'^^^ ^'^ '^ ^«"■^^^-
dolondtic, which ^tld r'y :^^Z;^^V^ ^''^^^I ^°'"^^^''" ^
very strongly those on the r,-..n^ T ? l^ "''^ ™'-'''" resemble
J^anby. They do not U all if 'r^"'"" '"*"^^" ^"''^^"^ «"d
LorraL in clL^ete" and a """'5 *'" '"'^'^ '' '""^ ^^^ica or
reumins. ' "^ ""' "^ **" ^'^^ '^^ ^-"""-d, devoid of fossil
CAMURO-MILURIAV.
pect, the apparent
lalfi'oiitology of the
'le road to L'Aii-je
ickish-gray slates
;curring about the
•dieii, these black
ihree-fourths, the
the .Sillery bein"
village. This is
s here concealed
apparently from
Ange Gardien as
Abbottsfqrd, the
out one mile and
;niall brook, the
ick limestones on
•ailway. At this
th of a mile west
3 Papineau road.
, or black, .slaty
Crinoid stems
itained a great
'ound in place.
irk or blackish-
ii-ge pebbles of
lells ; both the
ar to what are
tion where the
! somewhat the
lerous. These
lime, but the
the stone of
estone.s, which
* is a consider-
ces somewhat
ocks resemble
1 Durham and
the Utica or
svoid of fossil
29
Between L Ange Oardien and the Papineau range road, on the road
from fan.han. to Abbottsford, black lin.estones show for several n.iles
south of the latter place ; but approaching L'Ang. (Jardien. splintery
grayish cl,y-slates, like those .,f St. Liboire, or. the Grand T.^unk railwav-
eastot St. HyacrUhe, occur at seventl places. These are appar^ently ari
upper por-tror. of the black limestone ser^ies, and probably the e.,ui va-
lerit of those seer, at Farnham, in the lower part of the section on
Che Yanraska Hive.-. They also .show along the .oad south of [;A..ge
Gard.en, with peobles in places, a,.d resemble both the rocks east of
<.ranby, a.,d those near Memphremagog Lake, presently to be
described. •'
West of Yamaska Mountain, at Abbottsfo.d, the sfata a.-e mostly v....,„.f,„.„
black calcareous slates an,l blackish li,..eston..s which weather in placet '
to a shade of b.-ow... They e.Ktend to the tla..k of the .nountain, where
tl.e.r contact w.th the eruptive .-ocks has already been described
Although well exposed for two n.iles o.- .nor-e west of the mountair,,
ui the fields and on the several roads, a search for fossils in these beds
was unsuccessful. They have generally adip to the south-east at angles
of 20 to 40, but are highly cleaved. That they are the e.xten^ion
of the be.Is seen at St. l>ie and St. Dominic.ue is apparvnt f,-om their
position and general aspect; and probably a mor-e exhaustive sear^-h
m beds unaffected by cleavage, if such can be found, would result
in finding to.ssils similar to those obtained at those places.
The section at St. Dominique, further north, has already been s^ r, • •
described in the Geology of Canada.* The exposures here riL.uite ''•'^"""■""•"■
abruptly trom the gener-ally level country which extends thence to
St. Hyacin the, and the lowest beds seen are grayish nodular lime-
stones which are extensively quarried for building stone. The lime-
stone beds have thin partings of black shale, and both cmtain fossils
which show them to belong to the upper part of the Chazy forma-
hon. Ascending the hill, which is about fifty feet high, these
Cha.y beds gradually pass into the series of blackish limestones and
alcareous slates, which we have just been describing, and which should
therefore represent the Black River formation. Certain bands in these
are high y fossiliferous, but, as a rule, all the beds of this series are
affeced by cleavage planes and the fossils are difficult of extraction'
Ihe beds at the lower quarry, dip S. 80' E. < 20' to 30' and at the
quarry at the top of the hill, S. 70" E. < 20'. The colour of the li. , ,
stone at the top of the rise, is a dark lead-blue, and the be,:s ar ".
quentl y cut by veins of ^t e. These strata contain fossils of lower
^^ ^,;Report of Progress, Geo.. Surv. Oa„., ^>^-^^l^^::;{:;,;:7^^~^
30 .)
■Fmilt.
QUKUKC.
as
mim
>^, "Sr!;^^^^^^^^^^^^ !7-"7 «- H-estone becomes n.ore
dip. at an an,Ie of 70 . ctlt S V T"' '" '" '"-^^■*'- «^ *he
fe'ood specimens. These beds h ^^^ ''"'" "^'^ *« break out
the St. Don,i„i,ue el.u h Ind co";"" '^^ '^''''^ '" ^'^^ '^'-t-" o
J^o.sils were „ot found in hell °' *'" "'^^ °^ ^•'"^l^eo.
t«nninates just before reach ,. T '7' f *^'« «-^-". -'"eh
represents son.e portion of the T.^enton sJ;.!!? ' '"' ""^ ^^^^^'^^^
examined ; but on the roads to the ., ' "'' ^"^^'' '" ^ f"'' «■'
weathering black slates like hoi T " •r^''^ ''■ ^'^' ^--'-^h-
The,se are terminated about one n 1 ?^^"' ^''' ''''' ''' i^^^^-vals
BWk River, 1,3- ridges of , Id "'k' '"'' '^'^'"^ reaching the
fault between the Jo se. s eTlrjre't'T '''''' '"''''^^^' ^^
- the north side of Yamask;M : '^r :d'r """ "'""^ ™'^-^
the stream mentioned. North of •?, 'P'"« *° *''^ -est of
crosses the road about^threemitsl,tL7;r."' '^P*""' *^'« ^-"'t
J-t to the west of the knoll on JlXh 1 ' ^ ^'""^^ T^"«^' -i'-y,
-tuated, whenceit^pparentl/ext ds J ? /u""" '^"^P^'' ™'»- -
three miles above Drummondv^e 'here ,' '"'^ °' ^''-^ «*• ^--is,
^^^lle.y slates has already been desXd ""'^''' ^^'^'^ *'- -^
The section of these rocks sonfK * i.^ ,
one, and throws much light u^onsomein! ""?""' " ' ''"^ ""P«'-*«nt
connection with the f^ssilitCs Qu b c t^ '""'^ ^' ^^'-^--n
Cxeology of Canada, more n«rf; i , ^ °"P' ''** "Stated in the
at Pi„lhpsbu,.„ and extending eastwn vl k /^^^''^ ''^'•«'^' beginning
-uth toHighgate Springs. Swantn', Tl'n ^'' ^™-d' -^
historic. The structure i: ompWed bv f H ""' '" '°"»" b^"
apparently of considerable extent d "^ , ' '°"' °' "'^'''h are
turned. The opinions of vario tool " ' "" '""^ '^^^ -« -er-
rocks have been already very fully „' T""''""^' '""^ ^«« ^^ "-se
United States, in connection wth ^,5?" ^' '''"'^^ -"ters in the
troversy, which presents solf^aturescr^r"""' '''' ^--- -n!
pertain to the Quebec group .uest." Tc "r""'""^ ^'^^^ ^^ich
of the subject will be found i^ the "A '' ^'^^^ bibliography
18S9, ina paper by Prof Jule^V "'"" '''•^'°^''^*'"f- February
Taeoni. Sy.e„v aJwell ^^l^::^ ^^t^'^^t ^"' '^^
<UJ.1
CAMHHO-SILrniA\.
The descr.pt.on of the rocks of this are., and tho early vi.ws as to
he.r structure, are well «ive.. in preceding ..ports o„ the par .f.^
Geolog,cal Survey.- Fu.ther .lata l.ea..in. on the subje.-t as well s
a l.r.ef ahst..„ct of the discussion on this ..ucstion, wert ,!'ivTn T.
Annual .-eport for 1887-88, pp. 39 K-4U k, so that it is nece.^ary e
present Report, to state .„e..ely the Hnal conclusi.ms arrived a
regards the.r actual structure, i.. so far as this has now been ascertained
Before discussing the proble.u of tlm Pi,;'i;,. i ■
w., .. .«e .„.. ^H.e 1.. ' j.,;::,:'S":j 's^;:;:- :: ,i;::Kr
Chazy aspect a,-e found at seve.-al points •don.r fl,„ . i . ,"" a.ul fcHsils „f
fween PLJlUr,.!.,,. -11 ," P"'"^*' '""»g tlie I'oad Section be- tlu- I'hiUips
iwcen i:nillipsbu.-L' v.l aure am] Sf \ i ... . i., ....,:..
*. -ni -ii- , ' l^"""^" "i""g I'le i-oa( sect on be-
tween Ph.lhpsbu.-g village a,.d .St. Annan.l .statio.. on the Cenf'al
Vermont ra.lway, the character of the beds is difro.-ent fro.n w a
.s found in the reguhu'lystratiKed series of the typic.l C-dcife .
^..y c. the Ottawa valley. The fossils also. .J^l^::^:::'
seen .n these forn.at.ons can not, i.. ,„.s, -ases, be identified with tho e
found so abundantly .n the typical Caicife.ous and Cha.y a.eas Thus Z
he Ottawa sect.o.., where the st.-ata are undistu.bed a..d n aly 'a
o the Calc fe.-ous, are g.eenish g its and sa,.dstones, which g.-aduallv
be on.e shaly a..d calcareous, .so that the..e is a very considerable de
velopment o the sandy beds in the lower pa.., of the Cha.y b S t .e
Chaz, H 3tone .s .-eached. Certab. shaly beds of the lower Ch y
conta.n fo.ss. s, but the g..eatest dev .pn.ent of fossilife ous
porti.oftheCha.yfor„.atio::^L-;t;;:;£!^^^
rega.-ded as Chaxy, succeeding di.-ectiy upon those beds whi h . v^
been referred to the Calciferous, fro.n the evidence of the fo.ss Thi
difference may be explained either on the assu.nption that a fault ha
cut out he lower o.- slaty portion of the Chazy, (of which ho wever th e
does not appear to be any ve.-y clear evidence), o.-, on the ground h"
the cond.t.ons of deposition in this section, east of the St Lawrence
have been entirely different fro,., those which prevailed to the we o^
that nver; .so that, instea<l of litto.-al deposits, .-esulting in 7i1
gnts and sandstones, as found in the typical Cha.y of ^he Ott. '
d.str.ct, the deposition was for the n.ost' part in deep watt and tl!
sed.n.ents laid down were abnost entirely calcareou' In 'he 'at^e
event .t would be exceedingly diHicuU; as is indeed tl a « to
dniw any sharp hne of division between the Calcife.-ous and "Ly
formations for the eastern aiea. ^nazy
Iniix s^eries.
'Geology of Canada. 1H63, ,,,,. 2r3.-J87 and 844-802.
•.\2 .,
<iVKUEC.
Ffwsils
Trenton Hcst
"f fault.
Vnnh at
rii'IIipslmiv
Tliicknt'MM of
thf Cilci-
flTOUH.
Cliazj'
The rocks on the shore of Missis.moi Hay at Pl.ili: .
fault, are blackish-gray and l.h.ck lut./ . , ^''^"'■'^'^*'^^ "^ *''«
"'■•te, in certain hedt oLh ! It ^ t '"".''^ "'"' '"'"P^ "^ ''•^''-
"f the«e can scarcely be ,leto .WO 'T' T'^' '^'"' ^^"^^'^ ^'-'--^
thei.- general ^mLJX;Z^^Z,Zrt '^''^'"^'' '"^ ^'•-'
(l'>'ohal,ly lower) series, and thev I "" ^'' ^'''^ Trenton
therefore probably repr "1 L r! '"'' '^^ ''''•^'^'''-'J- T'-^ -uld
cJ-cril.d as ..cc^.rrinVr S P rrT\T"''""'' "' ^''« ''«'«
separated, by the great St. Lawrence an P. 'l"''"'''' "''"'' '^''^
Sillery rocks of A bbottsforcl, fromthe '.""!"" '"'' ^■'•"*" *'-
Calciferous of I'hillipsbur. a loTd 7 ."^ "^tanbri.lge an<l the
are uIho continuous '.crosT 1 e 1 "'" "''''''' ■^""^''- ^''«- '-'«
tension into that state has bel "m"'^ '"'" ^'"•'"°"^' '""' ^hoir e.v-
Utica, at Highgate%X : "'"'^'" '"^ -'^^'^ '^' ^'-^-
^ieHned, the «ktes a w/ e 00^ " --'''" ^'^"'^ '^ ^'-^b'
showing the effects of U.e 1 ocat^ 7 '"''" "P' ^"'^ ^'-^y
.r^s, calcareous beds icL -St^^e '::7:^^ C f' ^f' ^''^
ada (under Division A) come in Tl. \ , *'"'°'''>' «^ C;an-
Htntes- Pond is situat d ^ d acco r;? "i "' ^''^ ^'^"^^ '" -'-»>
Wn,. Logan, this portion has'a tlk tj r^^^T^ °^" '^'^
,|ust -luotedf the rocks of Division R ^" *^^ ''^'^tion
In' !.:
(Station. from Phillipsburg to St Anrmnrl 7.- '^^" "" **'« 'oad
railway, near tht begL.t oT ,he «;"' T ''' '''"*™' ^^™-'
Rock River, and fiftee^n c h . w^t Tt^ 'T"' '"^ ^''^ ^"'"^^ °^
south-west from this point heTv, • T"'^ '''''^- ^'^"'^"^^
about three-fourths of Tmie , sCu'" ."'^ ^^'^'^'•"^ '^ --
exposed on the road in lot twe tstt 7 T ''' '^'"^ -"
along the west side of the railwal II. \ ,7' ' ""^' '" °"**''-«P«
the St. Armand station. TJ e eTiks ^ ™"^ •^""*^-^-* °*
of which large collections ^e ^ eTul: ;; r;^^^^^ ^ ^-^>«.
uuung tiie sea.son of 1890
^Geolofry of Canada, 1863. pp. 854, 865.
t<-reology of Canada, 1863, p. 844.
Mbur«,westof the
hikI lumps of (inl.)-
The e.xiict horizon
htaiiiefj, out from
to the Trenton
hed. They would
ard of the heds
ford, which are
' i'fiult from the
mhrid^re and the
nth. These heds
nt, find thoir ex-
fiead o« Trenton-
" J''au!t
■'■]
r'AMHHOSIM'HIAN.
;{;< .1
They rosemble .n characters those of the Calciferous ,u.,l VU..y
formations. Many very perfect specin.ens were also ol.taine.l f rom I's
seonon .some th.rty yea,, ago hy Lo.an, Millings Whitea;.: l!:
sti^tulr u':! '"1, """' 'T '*• ''•••"'"'' ^♦'^*"'"' '»''« ^y--"' -• •^-•■'"
Lr UH and c.' "'"" "7: '";' "'" '^'''"'""^ ''■'"• '-^ween ihe Cal- "'-'•
cfemus and Chaxy u. tins direction is al.out sixty chains s.urh
of Bloods Corners, which is the old nau.e of the cross-rouls
h.t ..e ran^e n.ne of Stanl.rid.e. As ..early as can he asc rtl e
the hno between the two fo.....atio..s, the Cdciferous and Cha.v s
seen on the road f..,.. Poillipsbu.-^, ...ay be placed near t ..:..;
bet™th.po.ta..tevilla.eo;^;i;:n;X:^^^^
rul,.s to the no,.th..ast a.u] south-west. Jn the for.n.r di.-ection thev
a,.,.e.rtoend, through faulti.., an.l by ,he ove..lap of the C^ |^^
jUK.ut three-fourths of a n.ile north-ast f...., /,,,,,, ^':^^''t
r two, ranjre n.n., .Stanbr.d;;e, the blackish .slates of the T.^entoo
h^mg m contact on the west side all the wav On M .
f.-o. Blood's Corners they are .pparent^Ulp,^ ^' ,::tC
t ! ce. u^ .; ' r 'T'"" ''^'''''' '•>• ^"«»'^ ""dulatio.,s in
tlie ce.it. o of a somewhat l),-oad .syncli.ial basin wl.i,.l.
. ».e „„., i„ .„ ,„„,„,„. ,„^.„„^ , ._^ .,, ;:"„: „."j::,:;j;
h... m„gm oUh. bl„k, c.lc.r.„„. sl.to of .1,; T™1^0„r
l.o„,,d«ry-l,„. |«..we,„ Quebec ,,„d Ve,™„„t, the ce, tr.f ",,. c ,
vj;i::r:x tr„ rtu"'t'"'' "'""" """ "'•>»•" "- -• -
iry oetween the feutton Mountain axis and the shore <^""^"-
.34 J
yUEBKC.
Ntanliiidjf,.
ttiul Mcdfnll
Of M,.s,s,,uo. Bay n.ore particularly «een b-tweeu Plullipsbur. and St
-.n..sl,aped to tl.o ..uti, ., that tlu- low. ..cks cnverj.. t "a j
....... y. T .« „ewe.st ..ocks of the «eeti.,„ d., no, thel-.-lWe '
t<". so tar .south, tl.o centro of the «ynclinc3 having a .U-dination
ii.ii'th fast at a low angle. ** nimiion
The Cl.a/.y fo.ssilif.Mous locks which occupy the syncline in tl.o P.I
.•.terous..Phil,ip,n.,^ extend continuous.y^L..,eC!;:::^;
n a no.-,h.east .l...c.ction to lot twenty-two. ..nge six, .Stan . Z
The^ cons.st, as just stat..!, of Iin,e.to..cs, lin.est.u.e.co... o-.u-.^at. s ami
slates, blu.sh.gray and fre,,uc..tly dolon.itic as .n idc.ced by h '
b.wn w,.t.e...ng. They a., affected l,y folds, several a..tLli;.; C,
vs.be. Iheu- .nost westerly observed outc-op is on the .-oad f.^o,,^
btanbr.dge stat.on to He.lford, an.l on the road pa.., id to thi o, Z
uoss the h.ghway an.l extend n.u.ly to the bank of the Pite 1 i • •
about S. 70 E., at a n.oderately low angle ; but on the road south of
tins, at what .s ,na.:ked o,. the n.ap in the atlas of ,866 " Mr Ca l'
Place the h.-st outcn.ps near the line of ..iKvay, dip X 55^
^ 5.. wh.ch d.p, howeve.-, .-apidly changes i,.goi..g east, to .V. 15 E
< 2 to., , and 0.1 the road thence north to J5edfo..,l, o.. vau.re seven is
..ve..e to no..th-west, showing the presence of . i..; .„, "j ^ ^^^ j^
. th.s ci,rect.on. The south-easterly .lip of the western line of ou c 7
sna.nta.ned o the exfeme no.therly exjK,sure. Thus near wl
bridges .n.ll, at Mystic station, the dip of the con.don.P..,.f„ ,
ciated .lolo.nitie slates is S. oO E. < 30 w die' t T T""'
' ^''I'e at tl.e .nost norfhopKr
outc-op on lot twenty-two, ra.ige six, it is S. 40 E. < .-'""'"'"'^-^
The most easterly outcrop of theCha.y conglomerates, is on lot twenty-
two, .ange five, where the dip also is .S. 40 E < 60 anH "' ^"7
, breadth acr..ss the .neasures at this place is eig^t/ Va 1^1^;;
he..e were .lo toldi.ig of the strata, and assunii.,g the dip t^be o-,
(appa.ently to be the average from most of th« ,,.♦ '° ."^^ - > -
r... . ..t^n.) would giveathicknessof so.net;^;t:::\o ^f^ t!^
S.a„..H.,„.. portion of the Cl.a.y It i.s possible, however, that this a.J m, y be
aflected by foldings which do not appear at the su.face, but theT^par
ent st.uctu,.e at this place is, as stated, that of a broad Z^Z
Throughout these outcrops, fossils are abundant and can h„ T. ^
both from the pebbles and the paste. Many of U e p b," e ^ o^Thlt
they are derive from the Calciferous beds of the'phil J, :;,tl
St. Armand section, while the fossils from the paste indicate that the
rocks themselves are probably the equivalents of the Cha^^ An iLe,!
Mj'Htic
Stntiijii.
••]
r.VMIIftOHILLIIIAN.
l'liilli|isburgHmJSt.
nil Krolijrlisburg) is
cs conver;^t; towmtls
not, tliereforo. ox-
laving a (|pcliii(itii»n
^yncline in tlio Ciil
N't'iiiiont l«(uii(l/iry
e nix, Stiiribridge.
•conghniu'ivucs jiiid
iced by tlieir nisty-
ral (iiiticliiu's lieiiig
on tho rofid from
did to this on lot
tes of foiiglonierute
>f tlie Piko Kiver.
10 rocks here dip
tlie road south of
H66 " Mr. Carey's
ty, flip N. 55 B].
east, to N. 15 E.
on range seven, is
and Ijroad sycline
■n lineof outiTop
Tlius near Wall-
uierates and asso-
le most northerly
:. < 25 .
, is on lot twenty-
>, ftnd the entire
chains, which, if
1)6 (lip to be 25 ,
outcrops in this
)00 feet for this
his ai-ea may be
', Itut the appar-
broad syncline.
an be obtained
bbles show \ hat
'hillipsburg and
idicate that the
sizy. An inter-
36 .1
est ng dusoovery durn , the p.st season, was the finding of grnptolites
m bands of dark gray li.nestone with .lolomitic slates on lot ri' t n
-•ange s.x, .Stanbridge, in a sn.all outcropping le.lge about t w . t y
chams north of the road loading to North Stanbridge ^
Jl::^z:'^'''lr''r' '''''''''''''' ■"- -t ''-"y ^e-r ...r
scribea in the (.eology ot Cana.la (pp. 8 JU-f<50 ) Kast ,.f sit i... , '"•'^'>' "f St.
s^Uon. the area is divided by the ^ nent'^geoJu:;,: ^ 3' •^""-'•
ok described m the report Just ,uoted under the heading tf Pot -
<i<i"., but which the recent ..bservations of Mr. V D Wah.... 1
sWn to ^ much lower in the scale t the I^tsl^::::;:;..!::;
.n, da. There ,s no error, h.wever, in the determination of Hilli,„,
m^Loganasgaeii in the (Jeology of Canada, since at that m
i^^>.3) he term Potsdam, in Canadian geology, was employe.l to in
elude all between the Calciferous and the Huronian.
Mr. NValcott has, however, succeorle.l in Hading a very considerable
fauna, ot trilobites particularly, in the extension tf thes' rock s" li'
war.l, which enables the,„ to be more accurately placed and tl.r p"
P|-- now to be assignable to a hori.on lower than Potsdam and nrt
'ibly in a great part to tho Lower Cambrian ^
ten^'L^in a'r" ^'fT ""' "°'""' '"' ''''"''"'' '^ -"^" ''^^- - ^'•-^'» -"
road, on lot 1 31, West St. Armand. They are directly overlain on the
west by t e l.mestone-cong.omerato just described, Ihich dips n a
the contact south-easterly at angles of 5 to 10 an.l this ap^^^ren 1^
• thir r r ""'"^' ^''''''''''' ^'""••'^ -« indications of a fault
m the broken character and highly tilted position of th,- Cha.y li e
SeJf to 20 ' ' '"""'^•'•"" - '^ ^J^-t distance from the contact
On the road going north from the terminus of this Cambrian out
op on ranges six and seven, ledges of limestone-conglome.; oc";
at int rvahs with the usual dolomitic slates. By thei.- change of dip
they show the presence of foldings at several places, so thatit Vs im
possible to ascertain the thickness of the moires in hit dlecti „
The areas of hmestone-conglomerate are, however, not numerous Zd
R^; in";;:;:: ;l''^ -- ^" '"^^^"' --^^-^ -^^ -^ ^'->-'' ^'^
lot 1 or. R aT ^™*"'^ *» Frehghsburg, at the cros.s-road on '"""■''tes.
lot 1 _6. Beyond this, to 8t. Armand Centre, a series of outcrops of bluis"
3 J
36 .T
QUEBEC.
X'li'dicrn
N'lTiiiimt.
Lillicstoiic
coiiKl(iiiicnit(
Fossils.
Swcctslmi'g.
gray sla es occurs, winch are calcarec.u. in places and dolonntic-wcathe.-
ing. At m.es tl.e.se contain pebbles like the strata .seen east o ' G anbv
and on the west side .,f Sargent's Ray on Men,phre.n„,oXL aTweU
as at other points Mlreadv referred tf, Wl.;i. r, ""« ^'^i^p. as well
ridcrp of tl.« r.,,.,! • , ' »'-'"' ^-'"o- Atter cio.s.sin'' the
over the l„ghwa,, TI.e.e .sl.teK have yi,.l<l„l f„„i|, l,r ■
r.ge. A f„„,.tl, of „ ,„i,e .OU.I, .„ tl.i, W.^klJ.^J^Ll.r"
tt..y here ,„™ .„e western side of ,^: ^Z^^^:'""' »""-' """
«™ct„,, „„n„ of .,e v..„,„„t'^^ri v" T r::^,:':' '""
equivalent., in aspect and „„„ci«ted ,f,,',. . ., f^'"'*
bands .hid, „™. into Can, • J ! , , ,' '" '"■"' ''°'°'"'««
n..ndCent,,,„ea.We;'::'. ":;:::::,.-*»«'"'«■ Ar-
.ide of the synoline, near the line I^Z ouZ^'.^TT
seven, west St. Annaml. Het, tliev Hi«„,i ™ .""J' '■"' >n<l s'x'y-
»™s of cha., slates (do::s ^1:^ ":^:^' yTi
thence in a north-east direction n.^t tt, -n ^,\^'^'^'^^ '^n^' extend
«> Lagrange's Mill. Th e „'r W ',;;;''S:' t';'?"""'' ^»'™
of the village of Dnnh.n,. FurtheTto thl 1 H , "■"' *
iurtnei to the north-east they form a
EllS
•]
CAMHKO-SILURIAN.
37 J
I floloinitic-wcitlier
seen easto' Granby
iingoff Lake, as well
low undulations are
lie sloping towards
slate of Farnhani,
t anywhere appear
in so far as yet
traced on the road
After CI ossing the
t, the rocks first
'y like those ob-
and in the vicin-
s a short distance
lave, in Vermont,
1st at the bridge
great overtlirust
azy. Going south
lirook, lerlges of
le at the bridge
ils of Cambrian
riestoneandlime-
' i-oad, associated
liich are cut by
1 contain masses
m age, such, as
;es themselves is
:'rous slater, and
fls of this local-
ping out of the
'ire the precise
leavy dolomitic
west of St. Ar-
lary on the east
('-six and sixty-
on the east, the
', and extend
irmand Centre
the west side
t they form a
promment ridge, southof Sweetsburg, whence they continue to the south-
west corner of the JJrome Mountain. The dolomite bands are well ex-
posed on the road lea<lijig north of Sweetsburg, and the associated
slates are well-banded and veiy greatly disturbed.
These bands of dolomite, which are a prominent feature in this ,, , , ,
district, serve to define very clearly the eastern limit of the Cha/.y oi' '"'-'"'l^'" '
Carabro-Silurian strata in this direction.
Memphremagiig l.nko A
rea.
The most easterly area of the Cambro-Silurian rocks included in M,.,„,,l„.,„.
the south-west quarter-sheet map, is that about .Memphremagog Lake. W"^' f'^'l^" ^'■'■n.
They here form the extension to the south-west of the grea^ series of
.southeustern (Quebec described in the Annual Keport of 1 88(i.* They
are there said to occur in two distinct areas, of which the western
IS situated to the west of the Sherbrooke anticline, and occupies the
townships of Wotton, Erompton, .tc, v hile the eastern occupies the great
portion of the country east of the Sherbrooke anticline, and has in^part
been styled by Hitchcock, in iiis report on the geology of New Hamp-
shire, the Calciferous mica-schist series. The rocks of the two areas
differ somewhat, more particularly in the development of limestone,
the eastern area, in certain, portion.s, being largely a calcareous for-
mation, wlule in tlu- St. Francis Kiver --irea, the limestones are conr
liaratively rare, and the slates are the prevailing I'ock.
The age of these limestones, was ascertained not only by the presence |.v,.,ii.
ot fossils at a number of points in the limestone itself, but by the oc- , , „ >■'
currence of graj.tolites in the slates with which they are in some places ''"''"'t''".
associated, and which stratigraphically app,>ar to form the lower part
of the series. While these slates and limestones are presumably ,.,.„, , ,
of the same age .s those already described as occurrin-^ in the ^"''ni>"' "
Granby and Farnham section, and their extension north to Kin-sey '"'""•
the character or aspect of the calcareous portion of the series is some-
what different, owing presumably to the great alteration which has
affected the rocks of the central and eastern areas. Thus they have
frequently become graphitic, ami in places, more particularly near the
gmniMc areas, have had a schistose structure imparted to them, with
the addition of mica and staurolile crystals.
The two areas about Memphremagog Lake, are separated by the
Cambrian and pre-Cambrian ridges which extend .south-west from
Massawippi^Lake to Memphremagog Lake. The rocks of the more
'Annual Report, (ieol. S.irv. Can., l,ss(i, v„l. II. (N.-S.^n^Ts^TlJ!
■•58 ,1
hi-
yUKnEn.
lati's.
(Jrapidlitcs
nfCastl,.
linnik.
C'<iiigl(jni-
'!i'a|it()Htic
"latf.s.
northern portion, consist of l.i.> i ■ i
often beconio almost ■ ...n.^n ? t ^i'>lounto. Those slates
tered pebbles of 1 „;f""""''^'''' *'"•""«'' *'- P--"«" of .eaf
elsewlLe refe re u ;"' '"' """."' """^^'""^•' '-^' ''-« '--
character is well 1 , Z J T"" ""' -T'''' ''''''''■ ^'-s Tcbblv
both near the .^XZ^Z^IT 1 " '^^'"f"'--^-^« ^^^^^
areclevelo,,e,l,an,i furthe v !' "''"'" "'" -"•'^Ptoli^i^ bamls
alsoalon,^.e „ sel ilrn 1^ " '"' "-'^--'^ '"■^'-cl Mountain;
"t a nunrber of " in^ fe, f ,' *';r"f \"'"^"» -^<' i^"""" townships
These rocks are predsell 1 1 "■?'■''" "' "'" '^'""•""'' ''^"^y-
;.. wotton ^o.z:::!fr:z^::fTz:L r --t' r "^
formerly re.yarded as Silurian. '' '''"'"'' ^^'^"'•^^
The grai)tolites obtainerl in i«*jfi i i
^•i-iy siu.w the horij;;: n^^ tr ^."^^'^ '''-''-'* --'
Castle iJrook, lot Hve, ran.e lift, > . M '..o ' h" " i- """ '"^'"'^^ "'^
is probably the most nrorl.,, ' ^^ "' "''"' ^''■^C'^^'''-e<I, which
Canada,andfron : •ehtr:i':-'"'r''*^^^ '^' ^"'^ ^«^ ^--^ i"
selves and by Mr V^onZTT" 7" ^''"' """'"' •^"*'' ^'^ our-
T).e,raptoHLs,at^:; 1 L :tw;::L'^"r;^^''"«^^^
a.-e completely covered with C^^^::^ Cd 7 '""""[f "^^
ten species of .rr-iptolites Ir.v,. I P'^seived forms. About
»ii™.i,„. ,„.,»*•.. «.i! J ; : :,:7;;;rl- '"■ "-■ f "■ '■°'"
east of .Atemphrema..oc T .1 7 " 'I'vision, which occu.
." e.»,,c.„. t,, «,„,e f,,,„ u,e west .ii,oTli\^rT "" '""""'■
•sixteen and seventeen, ran.re two « Jf * ""^ ''''*^^^» '"^s
of slate, sandstone and .n W ' ?u "^ ^'^"«'">"-'"te, with pebbles
-.1 probably .narks ttrZ '-'^''
direction, since, on the ascen o ni .".V''^, ^'""^''^-^il'Tian in this
«lates and hard sandsto^^ cll,:;;',;::::^:' ''''' ^^ '^^
In many places around the shore nf fh« i,.i
'■' •' "•■'"'■ '■■"■'■ «"'■■■ ':•'■■ ■»• (M,, ,::;;,:
>«•->,
..]
C'A.MHROSILUKIAN.
39 .;
ish-ffray slates, fre
it'll uio pn'nci|i(illy
lite. Those slates
presence of scaf
ne, find have l)een
itea. This pebbly
nphrenia;,'o-r Lake,
graptolitic bands
t)rford .Mountain ;
Potton townships,
Vlissisrpioi Valley,
(ise noted in ] 8iS()
iver, which were
I tJescribed,* and
a new locality on
liscDvered, which
>y yet found in
ade, both by our-
Hilogical Survey,
ere their surfaces
forms. About
I>r. Ami fioni
ion. which occui
m of the Fitch
Hiey consist for
imd frequently
hly graphitized,
ved, are similar
rhsee are on lot
nnd of slates, is
!iiig lot twenty-
tie between lots
te, with pebbles
one! the brook,
iilurian in this
lack and green
points inland,
!t pre.servation
IS rare, owing apparently to the very considerable d.-ree of .netan.or-
phisn. which has affected all the strata in the vicinity. The ..^trata are
otten broken up and are cut by intrusions of dmerent kin.ls of trappean
or volcanic rock, some of which are white and fels,.athic, while others are
a green diabase. The.se vary in thickness from dvk.'sof two feel or so, to
great masses, and it is clear that the smaller dykes seen about the shores
of the lake are, in some cas,.s at least, spurs from some one of the lar-er
mas.es forming hills ; pre.isely as the dykes which cut the strata about
\amaska and the other mountain.^ <.f that district are connected with
and can be traced into the intrusive masses there. That th.. moun- lM,n,.iv,.
tain masses of Orford, Jlog's Mack, Sugar Loaf and Owl's Head, with "'■—-''
a number of lesser hills to the west of Memphremagog Lak.s a.'e .-^^1'.';
intrusive „, the slates of that arc, is shown by the broken character of
the slates in contact, in their great alte.ation near these contMcts
evidenced both by a p<.rcellani/ing or other hardening of the strata,
in some places, and by the formation of crystals through th.- mass of
the slates at many points.
The intrusive character of the dioritic matter, is also seen in the Tlnir .. ,i, „
tact that many of the dykes Cut directly across the stratification of "I"""!"'
the slates themselves. That the whole series has b.-en profoundiv
<listurl,ed since the deposition of th.. Silurian, is very clear, since all
the strata (viz., the Cambro-Silurian, Silurian and Lower JJevonian)
are inclined at high angles and in .some places invert.-d, as in the
case of the Devonian limestone at (Jwl's Head which dips directlv
beneath the Cambro-Silurian slat.,.s, only a short distance from whe.-e •
the latter are seen to be acted uj.on and penetrated bv the -reat
mass of the Owl's Hf.ul Mountain. Tl„. fossiliferous Siludan beds of
lu.uml Island, a short distance south of Owls Mead, are moreover
penetrated by great dykes of green diaba.se similar in character to the
rock of the mountain, and on the east side of the lake at Capt. (Jullvs
Cove, the presence of large dyke.s, both of green diabase and i-recm
soft, talco-se-looking matter, which have broken directly throu"h the
fossiliferous sediments and altered them along the contacts, is readilv
observed.
^ The Oambro Silurian rocks south and east of Fitch Bav, which is an F,t,', i;.,v
arm of Memphremagog Lake on the east, differ, as already stated,
in some respects from the slates of the lake itself. These slates are
largely calcareous near their western outcrop, which closely follows
the ea,st shore of the lake south of Fitch Bay ami the south shore of
the bay itself to its head, running thence along a depression to the north-
east to Mas.sawippi Lake, where, about the south end, they are well .An.ssaw,,,,,!
seen in large cliffs along the highroad and on the east side of the lake ^"''^"
40 ,1
QLKUKC.
Black slater
mill liiMi'-
Ktollrs of
.StaiiHtfiid.
Action of thf
in the numerous cuttiii-'s of H,« f! ..* ^ ,r .
^V'. < 45 These n, I ; '"'"■'''^"^^ ^^'^1' ■^l'^t<^.S which clip X. r>0
line between lotl j „ , X"' I'- ""'''"" "'^'^■^ ^^'^"■^ --' '« *'-
- eolou, co„,pu.se.i of ul.ite felsptr bhck "'.'■' '"""""^ "'■"•^'
rock being generally coarse in tevturL '"'' "'"' *'"'^'-*='' ^''^'
":^::"rr: :ri^t;i/'r _-"^ -■•- --..
«;iiiiiitc oil <'-" v^" ijus iroin this nlaee f,. fi.„ x-
t.l... slates and and on the east shore of the 1 I . ^ t'nnont boundaiv.
liiiifstoncs. • , , ^"oie or tlie lake, its coiitiiot whl, tu \-
is observetl near the line bet.v.„,.., „. ^,^""^''«t ^vIth the luuestone
Siiiitli's Afi
is observed near the line be 1 .' ' 1""""'* '''''' '^" '''"*^^t'>''e
^ear Beebe Plain VZ^^^Z'T ^'"T ""' '""'^ '^^^ ^'>-.
Hnd Ii„„..stone is seen ^ l" '"""' ''" ^°"^'-^ "^ *'- n'-nite
the station, the s^ i :, ^^ sT'"""'?'^"'^^""^'' ^''"'^ ^^^ "^
which is brownish-nav -uul Z ' ,, ^'^P^ "^ '' ^uge dyke-iike mass,
tenninatin, abou a I: ' ^T'T ^'^ "'f ^^-b' of the granitJ
••oad then,.e to Smith's Mi li , T' ^'^ ''^^ P^^'"^" ^" ^''e
with occasional ,iyl "of tt '^^^^^^V' ''""^""" '^'"^^ '^* '"^--^'«.
..■eatl. broken up^.J Ik t ri;:: :t h)!: "^'^^-'- '' ""-
area apparently terminates on thi " "''"" ■'^'''""te
road to Griffin^s Corn r on L " """' ''^ ^"'"*'"" ^^^^ ^''e
the limestones and s Utk , 1 bT." -' '''T """• ^^ ^^^i-h-.-ection
hut as we approach S •;",,' ''"'^"'^ ^^'^^-^ -'^ micaceous:
appears, and the rocks res mble , ' T"T '^^^''^ S*^"^''*^''^ ^'-
-■ B<.y. The limestone of S't,:*;; ?'",'' r^' ^''"^ °^ ^'^^'^
the associated slates contain ubero '""' '>lackish-gray and
The rocks sparkle in the u ^ ! 1 iT'"''!' ''"''^^''^^^^'"'^
since no mica is discernible "^d ^/™"' *''' ^'''''''' "^ 1"-rt.,
lender the railwav d '^1 T'' "'"^^ '""' ^uart. are' seen
-"ueh distorted and .t tt. eUj >' "' "" '"^'^ '" ^^'^ -"'»« «-
-•e twisted in all direaions ' ' •^"-^--ins of large si.e, ^hich
hetween Lake Memphrema:o! and the OK • ^""^'•"-«''"™" ^^eries
Between «mith. ./i. .^ S;^:^ ^^^^^ fSr^:
ELLS
••]
3 railway (foiinorly
)Olt.
Y Nni-iow.s, tlirou"!)
r "
limestones anri tlie
'»• The first rocks,
lesouth, are^)luis}|-
. wliicli (lip X 5Q
lie rocks of Ma^sa-
:s were seen to tlie
le granite is met.
J is generally gray
^ gi'iy <|uartz, the
^rmont boundary,
til the limestone
our, range three.
ut of the granite
ve yaicls west of
* schist hoMing
' <lyke-like mass,
Ij of the granite
point. On the
low at intervals,
■ippear to have
he main gi-anite
iiction with the
n this direction
xnd micaceous ;
3t generally dis-
h side of Fitch
ickish-gray and
y disseminated.
-nee of quartz,
uartz are seen,
the cutting are
rge size, which
^er very large
iilurian series
fike iJegantic.
o^ calcareous
rAMi)no-sii,i.:i(i.\\.
41 .1
beds perceptibly din.inishes and the rocks become more slaty. Be.ls
ot this peculiar black and gray pyritous slate, precisely like that
«een about th,- shore of Men.phremagog Lake near Sargent's Bay, .Vn.a..s,„f
and HI winch the graptolites ar.. found on the east .side of the lak^ -^''-Vl'l'"—
becou,e xnterstratiiied to a considerable e.xtent with the limestone""'
beds, proy.ng the unity of the two series and showing that the
limestones are probably of slightly later date than the slates. The
predominance of the slates over the limestones increa.ses as we go
further e^st into Barnston and Barford, but the .listribution of the
rocks ui this direction has already been given.
Beference has been ma-le in the report for 1886, to certain dark- ,•„„.„. s„„.
gniy hmestones which occur west of Me„,phremagou Lake, in the--f'-a
vicinit, of Peasley's Corners, an.l at the head of 8argents Bay :and it i;;:;'^!!,::- '
-as then thought that these might be a part of the graphitic lime-
stone and slate series which carries graj.tolites of the (^tmbro-
.Mlunan. At that time fossils had not been foun.l in these limestones,
but since that date a few corals have been collected which tend to show
hat the^e calcareous beds, though very like in character to tho.se of
Lambro-hdunan age in many respects, shouhl, for the area mentioned,
l.e connected with the fossUiferous Silurian strata. The excessively dis-
turbed and intimately infolded character of all the beds in this
section, very frequently makes the exact determination of horizons,
unless hxe,l by the presence of characteristic fossils, exceedingly
dinwult. " •'
Another area of limestone on Memphremagog Lake, viz., that at ^,a„„,.,.
Magoon s Point, on lot twelve, range two, Stanstead, also pre.sents dirti- ' '-'t Ti',,;..
cult.es u. assigning it to any particular horizon. The rock is apparently ^"""■•
devoid of „ssds, with the exception of a few fragments of crinoid stem.s,
and is highly crystalline, being in places a true marble. It is associated
with certain black slates which may be Cambrian or lower Cambro-
Mlunan Ihe cause of the great metamorphism is ditlicult to ascer-
tain unless it be found in the granitic mass of the point near bv
which may here lie at no g,eat depth. In its crystalline character,'
it resembles the marble of Dudswell, but the rock differs from the Duds-
well ma,.b le m not carrying fossils of Silurian age. We have there-
fore regarded it rather as a portion of the C.mbro-Silurian graphitic
lunestone series of the south side of Fitch Bay, which is also seen in
n hetstone Island, lying off the point itself.
This island presents peculiar features. The south-west end con- Wi,.^ r
sists ot a considerablejjdce^^f^ "^ l^^'^^'
"XmrnaX Report, (ieel. Siirv. Can., 188(1, v„l. If. (X..S.)rp. 21 ,i.
42
QUEBEC.
WlictHtone
nick.
Kly iiiiil
Stukcly band
South Eiv.
it now presents in places the aspect of a talcschist. This is .reenish
uhe.e a dyke of talcose-looking rock comes to the shore bevont
isand a;d oti f .'"""' "''■ '^^''^'^'^ '""-*""-' '-^1. on the
Magoon. Pomt .s a part of this series, as alread3- suggested Cet.n
ban.ls of slaty rocks on the ish.nd, furnish excellent :hettones "ith
we. at one tnue extensively worked, whence the nan/ Tt^'i
im Mates, ^,,, that toimd in the southern part of the townshio of
Melbourne, whence it extends across Ely into North Stuklv T.
schist, of pr..C«mbri,„ age. ° ° "'"' »"~s»™
■no"ronh"'r,i';:''°'''''' ""•'" " '"" ' »"°-'<'is„,„eet„th.
noil, ot the oart, traver.ing range thfee of Melbourne, whence to fh.
this Dlace ,e.. rfi„ ! ■^' "' ™™ '" » »"">" brook at
*(;eology of Canada, 1863, p. 809.
...J
CAMHIiO SILUIUAN,
43 J
To the south ot the North Stukely roml, i„ a valley, many hirge S,.„t.,.S,„l<..K
pieces of red and green Sillery .lates are seen, which from their general '^!'.'' '•"'""'
aspect would indicate that outcrops of these rocks exist in the hnn.e.liate "■
viomity. They were not, however, found in place, though the
presence of blackish wrinkled slates believed to be of Cambrian a^'e,
was noted rtill further to die south on the road from South Stukely
to trost Village. These probably form the lower part of the Cam-
brian and Cambrcf-Silurian basin just described.
To the north of Memphremagog I.ake, the road from Magog to the Ar..a .,orti, nt
Montreal road, which leads from 8i>erbrooke to North Stukely, shows ,'',:;"j';t"'"
fre.,uent outcrops of blackish and grayish, sometimes thickly ochre-
spotted slates, like those which contain the g.uptolites near the lake
shore. Similar slates extend west, on the Montreal road to the cross-
ing of the br k near the inlet to Jirompton Lake. They are well
characterized i, the presence of pebbles of slate and sandstone, and
H short distance beyond this brook are underlain by black, green and
purple slates with beds of .,uartzose sandstone of Cambrian a.spect
Ihis brook, Mowing into Brompton Lake, may be regarded as con-
stituting the western limits of the Cambro-Silurian in this direction.
On the road leading north to Key Pond or Webster Lake, similar W.bHt.r
slates are exposed to the western shore of the pond. They are of ^"'''•'•
the series which is described in the Report for 1886, as occupying the
valley of the St. Francis in the township of Brompton, and, on
Webster Lake, they are in contact with serpentines and diorites which
appear to come to the surface along the line of contact between the
Cambro-Silurian and Cambrian rocks. West of this, to Brompton H,on„-t..,»
J-ake, serpentines and diorites, with occasional ledges of greenish ^'''^^•
grayish and purplish slates, are the prevailing rocks, and these latter
may be classed with the Cambrian system.
It will be ^)>«erved, that in the areas east of the St. Lawrence and
Champlain fault, the characteristic limestones and shales of the Calci-
ferous, Chazy and Trenton do not appear. No beds resembling those of
the Ottawa am' St. Lawrence basin, marked by the typical fauna of
these formations there (with the exception of those at St. Dominiuue)
have been recognized, though the stratigraphical sequence of formations
and the similarity of the fauna obtained from the beds of the eastern
area, in many re.spects, to those found in the typical Cambro-Silurian
formations of the western area, enables us to determine pretty
closely the several divisions of strata which we have just described
I:}
44 ,j
Ql'KBEC.
WestPiifl (if
Miintrcal
Island.
St. Eustaclii
Riffaud.
Horks of Montreal Maud and vicinity.
m
Isle Bizai.I.
•Sault au
Recollet.
••eports of the CI 1 S,; ' '^"" '"^"^^^ '" ^''^ ^-'lie^
Canada*; but as the •."'''""" ^'"'""'"''^ '" '""^ ^^-'"87 "f
peat here so.e of t tineta" ' 'T^':'' ""^ '^'^ "«'^^"' *« -
^eve.. ca„.ro.snn:.rz;isi^:Lt:::;r ""« ^" ^"^
The lowest of tlie.e, viz., the Calciferous wifl, if , ,
downward into the Potsrlnm 7 ' ''"^'^^""'' '''*'' »*« gradual passage
ve.op.ent along e?oe:Otr^:rr;^T'^ ^-^^^ ^^^^ ^'e-
;- the ,„„etitn of ^^:::^:^c^t:^-^-^-
for some miles. A sn...ll <.,.f / , ^ '^^ "^""^'^ upward
sandy li.nestone si ^ Vtl ''': t, ^^'^^^^^•^-^^^ ^alciferou.s
^■^'■;n" of Montreal, - h l.J „77th^^*^^^^^^' ^^ ^'^^
-"' i» cuttings on the Canadia pjfi . "'' '''^^^^
station. The beds are Hnr 1 '■''''''^^' '''* ^t''" ^""e'.s
.^andstone appears on Isle Perf "" r""'^ ^^' '""' ^^^ P«'-'-"
iiiver. East of Ste 117' T *^ °*'"'' ^'^^ °^ *'"' Ottawa
largely drift-covered " a^^ !' "'' """"'^ '"''^'''^ ^'^ —try is
limit of thi ZCi 7r r '"^^ --.- that the east' rn
The western Z^TlT^JTf '^"' ^" *'"^ ^'-^-■
H- rapid in the Rivi.r d "lllle^t 1 7^''.' '"* ^^ ^'^
•• village of St Eustarl.P P , V , ' "^''"'^ two miles above the
stream. A sma" oure'ro? al 7" '''' "'''''' ''" -^'^ ^^^ "^ the
Bixard, but these oute.Z a e '"""' "" *'' ""•*'"'■" ^'^ ^^ ^^l^
the overlyin. ChazMi Tf T r''''''^ ^^^ ^'"^'^ ^ l>^ ^eds of
show onL^RM 4 : !rT; " "' ^"^'^"P^ «^ ^'^^ "^^^^^^^us
drift depo.sits alortllwo^^^^^ *'^ ^"'"«"^ "^ ^^-g-'^. 1-t the
very rarely seen. '*^''' ^'"^ ^" continuous ,hat the rock is
th'dl:;:r2X:^,,;;;::^''^^^' ^^^-Pe-^ectly developed in
Bizard overlying the a Idfe '""'^*°"^'^PP-•- «" the west side of Isle
'^"t the sand ^^'"I'^ZT::^'^:''^'-'- '' "«'
from this locality. In fact I./ . . ^'^'^ "'^'^ ^'^ ^^^^'^^
observed at only'^onenoSt in l^i'rr'"' *'' '^'^^'^ ^°"-^'- --
*«eology of Canada, 18.a, pp. 1 1 ^^^^.i^^^^aa^,;;^
ut*. ]
CAMBRO-SILI"*
ity.
tawa and on the
'ed in the earlier
1 the Geology of
riptions of these
be useful to re-
sertaiiiing to the
1.
gradual passage
lat extensive de-
the St. Lawrence
• Anne's upward
'istic CalciferouH
treraity of the
railway bridge
at Ste. Anne's
d the Potsdam
of the Ottawa
the country is
ihat the eastern
this direction.
■es, but at the
miles above the
ler side of the
rn side of Lsle
or by beds of
;he Calciferous
gaud, but the
I hat the rock is
r developed in
est side of Isle
ice of fo.ssils,
ea are absent
orrnaiion was
ly at the east
; au Recollet
ig the Ottawa
ily beds form
45 .1
a very considerable thickness, underlying the fossiliferous limestone
which constitutes its upper part.
The limesconos have, however, a very considerable extent on Isle
Jesus, .ml a number of fine quarries have been opened in the beds in
tlie vicinity of St. Martin Junction, where the strata lie nearly Hat. St. Man,,,
U.azy limestones also appear on the River St. Lawrence at Pointe '""'■^'""■
Ua.re, but are overlain by the beds of the Hlack River formation a short
distance inland. Chazy limestones also show on the western side of
Montreal Island near the village of Cartierville, opposite l!ord-a-Plourte
but the greater part of the island is so uniformly covered with deposits
ot clay and sand that rock outcrops are rarely seen. /
The overlying Black River formation, is seen at widely separated ,,...,< K I v.-
points on the island of Montreal and the adjacent Isle J.'su.s, but it was ^" '■'-''>
found impossible to trace this formation with any degree of exactness '''""'"'
The only definitely recognized outcrop on the first-mentioned island
occurs at Pointe Claire, where, in an escarpment between the line
of the Grand Trunk railway and the village, about fifty feet of the
RIack River limestones are exposed. The outcrop is the site (,f very
extensive .p.arries, from which much of the stone for the piers of the
Victoria Bridge at .Montreal was obtained. It is underlain by
the Oha/y limestone on the shore of the St. Lawrence, in the village
but does not extend to any great distance in either direction The
beds are nearly Hat, or dip to the .south-east at an angle of 1 to ;} f , .i,
and certain strata are almost entirely composed of Tetvadlum Jibratum
a characteristic fossil of the Black liiver formation.
To the .south-west and west of Montreal Mountain, the island is
mostly clay-covered, and the next outcrop of these strata reco"ni.e(l
by us was at St. Vincent de Paul on the west bank of the Back River .st Xi„ce„t
about four miles below Sault au Recollet. The west bank of the •'••''*^'"'-
stream at this place is a clift chiefly composed of Trenton limestone but
on the shore several feet of the rock have an abundance of Black River
forms, among which were recognized Gonioreras anceps, Activocem.
Bjishy,, Cnhnnnaria IfaUi, Str,ptfa.,ua cornicdnm, Tetradium Yo..i^.
Mratum, Cyrtodonta Hurorwasis, Murchisonia grarili,, Glypfocri-
nu8, Strowatocerinm rnr/omm, Strophomena inrurvata, Licrophycas
like L. Ottawaemis, Pav.hrjdirtya acta, Orthocerm, Cyrfocerm, etc
This band does not show at the upper part of the cliff
The limestones of the Trenton formation have by far the widest di.s- r i ^ ,
tribution of any of the Paheozoic rocks in this vicinity. They are well M'mt.el
developed about the city of Montreal, and the ([uarries about Mile End
and at Cote St. Michel are situated in this formation ; while a some
46 J
yUEUEC,
Likchiiic.
•Jolicttc.
Fossils
Biiring's at
^lontrea).
Trenton
limestone of
^tontreal.
aux Tre.„l.,e.s toward the vill^eTl'/'""^^ ^""'"'^ ''°"^'' '^"^' ^''-^
show aLso on the east s t o f , ,k K^r '^ ''''^'"'"- ''^'^^^ ''^^^
Pnul, on Isle J.'.sus and on H. , "''P"'"" '^^^ ^'^"'^ent de
trusive roek of the Montreal Tr; . ^'"'^ '"'« P^-^^^^'-^ted l,y the in-
^-"ti.eeit,ofMont.eaUotheMo:ntlV::r ''''' ^'''' ''''
Trenton ]i„,estones also show on the beach of tho St T
) Laclune and for a short distance west but do n^ ?"'' "'
the vicinity of the mountain is reacred. '^P'"" "'^'^"'^ '"'
On the mainland, north of th« «if t
Trenton rocks are both w , e ';. 'd ^ZT' "' '1^"^' ^^'^'^^^ ^^
north-east to Ste. Elizabeth. Ts lo'cal T "\ ". '""' ''"''"«
Logan,* and the presence of 'Z I ' "'"^ ^° ^^ '^''' ^^^'ham
there noted. MorrertlvVlSSn 'T'""'"' "^'"^ '''^^'' ^"-''^ -
been made f..m this lit if dI"?"""^^'^^"^ "^ ^°-'« h-«
and 1892,a„dlistsof hel . "'' '^'"^ '^^ ^f"-- ^'''^"-^ ^ 1891
iwd o^ . 'ir>' ;:^s :;n^'^i;:^s-^^;f '-t^: "^'"-^^-
the Trenton has, however been .o 1 ■ , . ' '^ ''^°^^ ^"'^J^'"' ^^
reached being of a sandv n'ltnrp r,.. i i > , *' ^^'^ '"'"'^^^ beds
stone. As the^^ore appaC: l^d 1^^^ ^ ^ ""'^^'^'"«" ^^*^^^'" «->^-
and Trenton, the thicknes'of t e h. 7 T ""*''=* '•^'"^^" ^''« ^tica
far from the amount jrit «: tr 7n :o::S::r-^ 7 "" ^^
city or its vicinity does the under W r °''^""'''''' ^'^ 'he
been reached. underlying Laurentian appear to ha^e
The exposures of the several f«r,v,.^-
Montreal, are too widely sepaLecTff T "'" '" ^'^^ '^'^^ "^
determining their thick-LT "n 1^ " '"^ '""''"'''' '^^^'^ ^•"•
the most commonly ped' In'hif ^"' l^'" ^'•^"*°"' ^^^''^'^ ^
formation are foun'datteVsUmtrWet' ""'"^""''^ '' '"^^
the summit of Mount Royal This fZ t^lT '"^ "^"^^^ *°
.n^^^^shalesUr^^^^^
Hieology of Canada, 1863, pp. 148-49.
il ^1
tut.]
CA.Mmiosii,rniA\.
ys of the island
'ointo and P<»inte
■ies. These heds
• kSt. Vincent de
ace to the Pont
ated \,y the in-
stnitions of the
lids which lead
t. Lawrence at
pear inland till
3tte, Chazy and
e road leading
by Sir William
liver fossils is
I of fossils have
jiroux in Wjl
the "Canadian
hole subject of
in the Geology
the subject.
made in and
ave been sunk
3 deepest has
he lowest beds
'otsdani sand-
'eentheUtica
)ns can not be
s made in the
pear to ha\e
he island of
ive data for
on, which is
>ne8 of the
d nearly to
ih the occur
St. Charles
47 .1
and on the river opposite the city, as well as the horizontal character of
the Trenton ridge to the north-east, tend to establish the oxi>tence of a
fault of considerable extent on the south-east side of tji.. mountain it-
self ; while the super position of u|)per Chazy or Black Kiver lime-
stone upon the Calciferous at the lower end of Isle iVymid, indicate a
fault also in this vicinity. It is prol)able that several such' faults occur p,,,,,,,,,,,,
at various places on the island, consequent on the intrusion of the fi''"it"'
mountain mass itself, or of some of tin- many trappean dykes, which
extend to Ste. Anne's im the south-west, and to the north and m.rth-
east as far as llivicre des Prairies. These will, however, he noticed
on a subsequent page.
The characteristics of the Ti'entnn and Black River rocks as de-
veloped in the St. Lawrence and Ottawa basins, will he found stated
in detail, in the Geology of Canada, pages 136-17G.
The area east and south of .Montreal, between the St. Lawrence Vn-n ,.,Ht of
and Richelieu rivers, was thoroughly tr/nersed in order to obtain any MoTAr.'-ih''
additional facts relative to the distrii)ution of the several formations
which occur ihere,- viz., the Trenton, Chazy, Calciferous, and Pots-
dam sandstone. The outcrops noted were, however, in most cases
widely separated, while the general horizontality of the strata, and the
usually level character of much of the surface, largely covered by drift
clays in th •< direction, make the actual determination of geological
boundaries impossible.
The Calciferous formation is lai'gely developed in the county of
Beauharnois, east of the St. Lawrence, and is well exposed near Val- VallevfieUI
leyfield in a quarry on Grande Isle. The beds are here nearly Hat, " "^ "''
ami the formation extends south-eastward to the Chateauguay River
at Ormstown, quarries of the characteristic limestone, which is here
fossiliferous, being found near the road a short distance west of that
place. The formation is also well seen at the village of Huntingdon „ .
in the bed of the stream, though the country between Ormstown" and "'""»'^°''-
that place shows no ledges in the vicinity of the Chateauguay Ri\er.
Potsdam sandstone blocks, however, occur in this direction and form
ridges fifteen to twenty feet in height and an eighth of a mile or more
in length, as at Dewittville. The horizontal beds of the Calciferous
also show on the river above Huntingdon, south of which,
to the boundary of the state of New York, the surface is oc-
cupied with sandy drift, although blocks of the Potsdam sand-
stone occur. On the road going east, about two to three miles north Huntingdon
of the International boundary, the surface, for the first four miles, *" lemming-
is occupied with drift sand, in which occur great quantities of ^"'"'
sandstone blocks ; but at the village of Manningville, in Franklin, the
48 J
«iL'KltEC.
L.ic'oll
ll' to
typical Potsdam HamhUm,- ,t„n,.Hrs in (!„, |„; , ,
"m.«tor,l. Loose pi;cos of fhlcaf ''""' '"'"">' "» "-'■
towa.. Wolle. .>y waTl • ,^ rtcanf"'- '"" ^"^^ ^'"^'
VHl. to within about two n.iles of La',. ^: "^^'""i" '^I^I--'''* '^^ i-fer-
tf.ree-ei«l.tl,.s of a „.ilo 1..," ""'' ""''""'''^ ^"' '^''«"t
Utica shale at the fault. ' " ^"'"«'^^ ^" "'" -"^-^ -ith rh..
, fossils. Thence it ...... 1. * ^"ntainm;? numerous cimnu-teristic
l.ere l.etweea the Cha.v an 7.^ t. ^''^'""- ''''"' -'"tact
well .na..ke.l by a H g'w i " ■''"r "' "'" '^'■'■'-'- P'-''. is
liincstone about onon.ile west of H ''""''" '''''''' '" ^''« ^''"»^y
from N. to N. 40 W < i ', -t "7't '" ""'•^^' ^''^ "-'^••^ 4
-i. th. Uha.y ndge sinks i^S'^n ^o t^^^'^tT T'''' '' ''''
country is presumably oncupied bv tL T 7 *'''"" '''"' "'^'
ations. From the(;r,uKle7 1 ' " '""' """•^ ••^^'^"^ f'>'"'-
obtained by 0... DeZ '' (^^^^^f "'' ^''---^ ^
withsandan.L.av lor dl V r" "'*''" '"' '""'''^'■■^ •--"'
of Cha.y limestone. Z cXife^::::;^:'"'' "' f l"""' ''' ^'^^^
tered about, and no accurate o::^:!!:,']^^^^^^^^ '"°.^'^; "'" '^'''■
road fro.n St. John, to Napl.-rville L f 'T.'™'"^''' ""*''«
^--^> '^^-^ • ^. the Treiton blL^;!!^;^^:^^:"^' ^"^
near the cross-roads about four n,ile.s west of St 1 /"""'''
»id that the p„w„„L,,L:,": .„,;„% '»'";''««<'<i, " '""^ l"
K(wsils.
1114.1
I, 'ind tliost' are
niUviiy at Umu-
roiiio ill ,)i, t),j^
Kfist from tliis,
J>r'''"-rN at inter
•e tli(. liiiiPstoiK,
iw/ird for about
ntaot with tlio
Pm"iult;.s) about
^tott.sville, tlie
cliaractori.stif
)inevvli)i,t well.
The CO, I tact
t'lif'U plain, is
■th-west of the
" tlio Cha/y
the rofk-,s (Jip
"Ollll of tilis
pliiiii aiui the
> recent foim-
>£ fossils were
r.vMimo-HiLUHr.w.
49 .1
b-tween N.,w York an.l (.fuel.ec, in a gradually narrowing am., of wliieh , „„:, ,
t-lin uroufAttn limif ; *.l;.._ I L' 1 ... IWMJITS 1(1
'tvliiill
llcit'ilHllH.
the western l.nnt .s outhne,! from the vicinity of lot eij-hteen. i,,n..e '■'■''I.-n; and
one Hinchinhrooke, to the Chateau«uay River near Onnstown. whence
It follows closely the course of the stream for nearly ton u.iles, turnin.'
then westward towards the St. Lawren,.e and .Tossiny that river ahout
midway between \'alleyfield and Beauharnois. Westward it occupies
a lar«e part of the .seigniories of Vaudreuil and Soulange.s, to the shore
of the Ottawa Miver, asfarwe.stas Uigaud .Mountain. Its eastern and
northern .nargin leave.s the St. Lawrence at lieauh .rnoi.s villa...
Thence .t k.-eps to the east, and cros.ses the Chateauguay River ab.K.t
M.ven nnles from its mouth, after which the eastern outline of the
tormation turns southward ami in an irre,,.,larly curving line continues
.■ast of the Chateauguay and Knglish rivers to the rnternational bourn!-
ary south of Hemmingford, as already noted.
The Calciforous limestones occur in two areas separated bv the Pots- .V.-u.-.f
■Ian. sandstone just described. The western area comprises ihe .^iv.ter ''•''^■*f"'""-
part of the county of Beauharnois to the St. Lawrence Hiver west
..t the Pots,lam outline. The eastern area, as far as we can ascer-
tain, occupies the southern and western parts of the counties of
Napierville ami St. John with the northern part of Chateauguav ami
Hk- western portion of Laprairio. It reaches the St. Lawrence beUveen rn
.eauharno.s and Chateauguay Basin, wl.ere the overlap of the Clia.v l«'ii"^a,v.
formation occurs, the line between the eastern limit of this formation
and the Ciiazy being largely coj-.tural. The northern limit of the
ha/y reaches the St. Law,, nee about two miles below Cau-dinawa-i
M iage, being succeeded in ..,,,„!a|. order by the Trenton furn.atiim
winch, m Its eastern extension, can be seen near St. Johns', as aheadv
n..ted ; while the Uti.a shales, seen near L^Acadie, extend thenc;«
northward and westward to the St. Lawrence, and, with the Lorraine'
occupy most of the St. Lawrence basin east of that river for some
miles.
Concerning the Potsdam sandstone, which has been generallv .on- t. p ,
sidered to form the upper member of the Cambrian systen, the follow.n. sa^.s^on:!'""
mnarks may be made. It is described in the (Jeology of Canadat as
traceable from St. Lawrence County, New York, into Can.-ula,wh.re it
lias Its greatest development in the county of Beauharnois '' * * * ..The
tormat.on filLs up the inequalities of the underlying Laurentian series •
and in ^ew York the lowest part isdescril.ed as a coar.se conglomerate"
den ving its material from the subjacent gneiss, ami containing rounde.l
masses of quartz, some of which are eight inches i„ diameter, held in
•Annual ReiKtrt, (iool. Surv.. Can 1SS7 w« .-,.1 iit /v a v
f (ie.,logy of Canada, 1803, p,.. H^ib ' ' ' '"' <^^-^-*' ''• ^ " *'«'•
4
50 J
Banc of tlie
Calciferous
foriiiatioii.
I A
QUEBEC.
a «ne-grained matrix of silicious sand. At Potsdam (N Y Uh. . u
Sillery divi-
sion of tllf
Ciinibriaii.
Cambrian'.
Dhical n..,-.,-.., „„."!! r'.'''.*° '^ '"•■g^ «^*«"t, upon stratigra-
o£
ph.cal position and lithological characters.
In regard to most
these rocks, however, there can be no doubt as Tth "'
since from the conclusions already published fo.L " '"r'""'
east of Point Levis.* it is pkin that tl !! 1 '"''"' '°""' ^"^
i;^rous Quebec group, b, v^llX ^e^^ 'I^lCVL:^ f ^'^
division commonly styled "Sillpw" i Z ^ least oi the
between this and tl.e c^tallin Jh^'sts f"the r'"- "*^™^''^*«
must be assigned to this system P-Cambnan anticlinals,
of::^^^s;:i:;:::::i:::-:---r.
not previously pointed out and which c 11 fo.. 7 T °""''
planation. Of these the most w teWv thL TT ' '""" ""
portion, viz., that south-west of Po nt tjv 1^.' " -f '^"'^'"^'^
I.eof.earan;^Tr\XT^^^^^^^^
the Becancour River to the f...,lf =».. .• , '^rantold and on
they .. f„,.„ the we,ter„ .id, „, . ., J„., wi,;:^^ „";'' '^
"hich .ppear. al Inv.rne., and Ste. Sophie.". ^^^ "'
•KeiOT, n«l. Surv. O.n., 1887-88, roJ. nr. (N. S.), p. OS,.
cu*.]
CAMBRIAN.
51
Further to the south-west, these rocks are traceable in occasional s, ^
outcrops the surface being largely drift-covered, though Bulstrod KiV^bir
and Morton m a gradually narrowing belt to the St. Francis Rhx
where, at the falls about three nnles south east of Dru.n n U "l '
they appear .n a band about a nnle in width, overlapped by black
hu.estonos o Trenton aspect on the east, and in tlfe vicinhyof
Drum.nondnlle, by the black slates holding graptolites alreldv
referred to BeUveen the south-west branch o^f the^X o 't, a Xh
Jhstance be o. Ste. Clothilde, and the St. Francis, the su face
largely dr.ft-covered, with coarse sand and gravel and no rock
rnjitr'" '°" '''' ^°"^"" ''' °"*"- °^^'- «^''-T irt\:
IVp/k; ''^' *^' ""'-^^P-^ •'^ *•>««« rocks are al.o 'f^^^'''^
hmited, but are seen at intervals, and no other rocks of the ove.
ymg senes appear. It is probable, therefore, that the Sillery"
formation extends in a gn^lually widening area to the line of the
railway mentioned, having its eastern limit near the crossing of
the Moose lliver about five miles east of Aetonvale station and its
western limit a short distance, probably about one mile, west of Upton
s ation. Between these two points, outcrops are quite frec.uent of
the pecuhar green.sh-gray sandstone of the Sillery, with red and <.reen
slates. Further south, in Iloxton and Milton, the Ca.nbrian^irea
assumes much larger dimensions, having a breadth, from .-ast to west
of about seventeen miles. In the vicinity of Roxton Falls, the sand!
stone por ,oa of the formation is well displayed and thence to the
of Granby, these rocks form a p,-ominent ridge which is a marked
feature in the landscape. This sandstone ridge extends into the
ownship o Ea.t Farnham, and its most southerly recognised outcrop
:s on the third range of West Farnham, nea. the township line of
East larnham. The sandstones are here associated with red and
green slates and are most abundantly developed along the eastern
portion of the Sillery area. ° eastern
West of Roxton Falls, on the road to Milton, the sandstones become „ ,
less prominent, and frequent outcrops of red and blackish-gray slates A™&f'o°rd.
are seen. Near the line of Milton township, several smaU knolls o
diorite appear, but along the roads through .St. Valerien, and thence
to Mdton Corners, the red slates of the formation have a very exten
sive development, outcrops of the sandstone appearing at intervals'
Ihese rocks continue across Black River to the adjacent township of
o2 J
Qt'EUEC.
St. Hyacinthe, where also ridirps nt th^ j .
tend, to the .south-east to aboTt .K *""' '''^ ^^^" ''^'^'^ '^■
Mountain, and are t^er' n tZ^lT:^ "p "'^ "^^^ "^ ^^"^^^^
tones which occur east of S^ pt ^d St tT"'" '''^" ^^"^' ''•"^■
country in the vicinity is largelv drift en < ^'"'•"""1"«' ^''^'"kI' the
is concealed. ^ ^ dnft-covered, and the actual contact
vil,a«e. Ahout Mawc^T to' he^trt ^Tnf ^1^ '^ 1 ^^™^^^
'•an.^esof Papineau, Ste. Seraphine a.u ^7 *^^ ^°»*''--««t on
fre,uent ledges, with occasiona' lalTdevelon '7''' ""/'"P "'* ''^
On lot fifteen, ran..e nine ^, ,^, "'""^ ^'^^*'°P«' '"a^ses of sandstone.
g-n slates, Ind ^ la ' :::^;^%''"7^ ^^^^ "P^""' '" ^'^ -^'
years ago. The beds clelve o u7 T "*'''"'^^'' ^'^«"* *-«»ty
Efficiently well dcfinedZ^^ t^: ri^^rr f'^'''' '' "^
cause the excavatiojis had not r« I . '"^''ch.intable slate, possibly be-
tl^e lower beds, the" del:: ^^^ ^^ ^^^^"^' ^'7^"- ^^ -« of
transverse to the beddin-. whJ ■ *="'-^'«l. and in places is
to the south-east l!: / ^r't: "'r^'^ T' ^"^'^ '^-'^ ^^'^P
about one-eighth of a hiile west of "tl . ''"''"'^ ^"^^ "P^^^d
W.S r.nove,l. tVon. thlt e ctl I T °"' '"' ""* •""^'' ''-•^
character and colour to the '12": l^ t "' "^P"" ^•^'■^ ^""»-- "^
being a dark red. " ^'°"^ '^"^ ^^^""^i" »•" 'l^arry, Acton.
Slate qiiiinies. The slates of Mawcook nro ,• i
quart, vein, and IlS Z^ T' '''''''"'' '^ '-«"'— all
'-"•^ler ,uart.ose band.f but Zis f ^^" "^P""' '" '^^'"'^ "^ *''«
•luarry for local flaggit Ls been " T"'"" "^'"^- ''^ --»
the red slate belt, J^out^ e „ : ancfrh 'if *'^ "^^*^'" •^^'^^ «^
L'Ange (iardien, but the slate is of Tn T'* "' *''^ ^''^'^»"« °f
cut by dolerite, presu.airy^ o:^ ^ TaL'^^ V "' ''' '"°"'^°^-'
township of Acton, quarried la " 1 1 1' ^^onntrAn. In the
tion of these rocks oi lot twenrv • "'''''''' '" *''^ '''^^ ^^'^te por-
^x, ..^ hve, the ir : ^:::- s^';;Si:"s;r "- ^^^^'^^-
descnbed in the Hei.ort on « the Min.™l B ''"""> '"'» '"'«"
fonne,. ,v, have n'„ cU.i,:': ttefZH::' ?*'""* "' '''»
of work appeal, to have been done. *'"" "'"''""'
;i.h .tai,ar .ck/ahon: l' :-3r; Z Lt; "t't " " *' ™"
•Annual R,p„„, „„,. 3,,,, ^^^^ ,«,.^;;„^ "n^j;^--
Distuibaiico.
-J
CAMBRIAX.
53 .1
1887-88, p. 64 k, answer equally well for the areas now under dis-
cussion.
The sandstone ridges are local in their developn.ent, an,l the red Cnta.ts „ itl,
shade of the slate frequently passes into green. Fron, the relations of ^'^^^^^
the overlying Trenton limestones on either side, the contact on the
west appears to be due principally to faulting, while in the south and
east It IS more of the nature of unconformable overlapping
The third area east of the St. Lawrence is that found^in West St. Thi,-,! o. St
Armand. fins consists of a narrow tongue of Cambrian rocks extend- ^^'^ -a.
.ng rom the state of Vermont for about three miles :znd a half north
of the boundary, where it has a breadth of not more than a mile and
a quarter. It is separated from the Chazy of the Phillipsburg section
b) a hne ot fault, an, r , bounds, on the west, the Chazy basin of Stan-
l»ndge in its extension south-west from Farnham Centre.
This area has been described in former reports,* and is well outlined r
m the atlas accompanying the Geology of Cana.la. The rocks are &ria„.
there stated ..long to the Potsdan, group and to very possibly
represent i. ^ ...t member. This would appear to l,e co,i',ed by
the more r..cnt observations of Mr. C. D. Walcott on this series of
rocks, by whom large collections of fossils have been obtained on the
A enuont side of the boundary, from which he considers these rocks
to he very low down in the Cambrian system, t
The thickness of this old series as given by Sir William Logan in 180;? t. • i r
.s about 2200 feet. It represents what is known as the Red sand ^'"^^^^
rock of Vermont, and consists largely of dolomitic strata often highly IVorsllS"*'^
s.h eo„s, white and reddish in colour and with bands of dark—
a-id bluish-black slate. Details are given in the report just cFted
The northern outcrop of the series terminates in low land on lot
1.3 , west St. Armand, just beyond, and to the west of the
torks of the road at that place, where a sharply defined fault is
seen between ,t and the Chazy limestone. The strike of the rocks
IS a few degrees east of north, and if prolonged this would meet
the southern extremity of the Cambrian area of Granby, part of which
may represent higher beds in the same series, in this respect following
what appears to be a recognized fact in several of these formations^
that as we go northward we pass from lower to higher beds.
The eastern limit of this area of dolomitic Cambrian rocks in the v n
state of Vermont, is a short distance south of the village of High.!;^ V^.'S.
l;^a.idjt^^h^,„arked by the presence of beds of limestone con.
*fie,.l„ffy„f Canada, 18(13, pp. 281-2W;, and fiSbS^
andlrm"""" '"*'''*''"• Cambrian. Hulletin V. 8. iu;,l Snrvoy, X,.. HI, pp. n-llT
54
QUKliEC.
Jourtliaroao
Cainbrian.
Distribution
in St. Ar-
innnd.
Kucoids.
ing resisted the weatherin. b tt^than t '" . ''"''''''' "'"^'^' '''^^■
pronnnently fro.n the su:faee nd " tn" """' "^'' ^*^"' °"^
veins. The black «lates, aJo'rd ! Mr \ZlZ''' '' '''''''''''' °'
of upper Ca„.bnan age- and W. t^ 7 ' '"'*'''" ^''''^'
other Cambrian fossil. 1 . . brece.ated masses also
-arks the p^er I^ ^r t'e P 1 ^''^ ''^"' ^''^-"^^-^ ^^^^'y
they are di.stinei;;her ^' the'T r'^Vu^ '" this direction, and
«t. Armand outc.op.^ ''"'' *'"^ *^^ ^^^^ -"^-ock of the
direction, continuorittKn! T"' '^"""'^-^ '» ^ -^th-east
River, .here it ^l^:^ S^',:; : ^ ^ '^ °^ ^^^^ ^^- ^-eis
has already been described in ., '. ^'"^ direction and
Can.brian of Stanfo d L^.te v 'I ""u' '"'P"'"* ''^^ constituting the
Wolfe. Its exten iln to h C '" *'' '"""^''^^ "' ^^'^^^-d -'^
Vermont by P oJ Hkc " I. T""'* " '^^'^^^^ °» ''- '"'^P "f
.ate rails. '1^:^^ ^^^ ^ t^^ " ^^^ ^"^^ ^^ "'^^
near the line between lots fiff v « , ^™""'^ °^ ^^"^'^^^^
thispIace,about a fou , o r ■^'^^y"^--' «*. Annand. At
n^ileLuth of theBoZ rv 1 1 "f! t"^ ""^■^■^°'^' "^"^^ '« °-
road going east the To t ' f ' V u T '"' '"" ''"^'^ '"^ *'"^ '^^^ «^ the
dolonrite,:ut t ' a "ve n "f T "''^' ^'^'•' "**'^ '^^'^^ ^-"^'^ ^^
half the^nassi^^ ti:d i ullor't ^'"^n^"'^' " ^°"^ P'^'^^'^' "-''^
a conglon.erate or Z^clT T ^ , ^"''^^"^"•^">' the rock becomes
lin.est;nemas:e:U^:rru^ — «^ ^he
rocks is very .similar toth.,f . / . "• "^''^ g<^"eral aspect of those
south of Higl.rte Fal ° V m f n "^""^ '^ *'" "^P^^ ^-^^'•'-.
St. Armand Centre Ir " '^' ™'"' '^^^ing south-west from
dolomite bl^ 'i:'::';;;r '\Tr''' ''" '''' «^*^--' ^^«
road at that place with h.^'f "" ""'^^ '""^'^ ^
These are thencLe^lt ^'''^'^^ "^^ ^"-*-^--
the road, a pro.i^ i:^:::^^!^ r:'^' ^ ^'^^ ^^
quartzite occurs. Fucoidd nv,..L^- ' ^"'o'^'te and
A hill of sinnlar rocl t 1 T:' Z ""^ t'T' '"^ ''" '^''^^^ '-^■^•
Franklin Centre • an Ion til " •'' ''^' °^ '^' ''"^'^ '^^^'"g ^o
dary,theserieso;gra ish In^" f""',""'' ^"^' ^""''^ °^ ^'^^ ^»-
like those seen at'Tl .'.h^l^ur;; ' '"' °r"?'"^ '"'°"^^'^ ^'^*-'
village of East l<VankHn V^ ^\ .""'"u" '"^^ '^'''' '""''^'^ »« the
;^^«^^^kKVt, winch IS about three miles and a half
•Annual Re,K,rt, ^'^'^^^'^^^^^^C^^^^^^^^i^^^
eu».]
CAMBRIAN.
00 ,T
soutliof Frelighshurg villMgo, on the road to which place, similar slaty
rocks are frequently exposed.
The bands of dolomite just described, may be taken as determining I)ol„„,itic
the upper part of the Cambrian for this area, and these can be traced 'i''-",",';V"
very continuously for a considerable distance to the north-cast. They ciJIIbrian.
cross the Pike River at Lagrange's mill, one mile and a half north-west
of Frelighshurg, a short distance to the west of which place, and in
the hujs north of the road, great ledges of the <iuartz-veined dolomite
present a folded stru.iture and are underlain by black and rusty slates;
the aspect of the rock being precisely similar to that south of
Highgate Falls, except that the brecciated-conglomerate does not appear
in t'..s direction. These are in turn overlain by the Cambro-Siluiian
dolomitic slates, a short distance to the west. Further to the n ,rth,
this contact is seen in the road between East Stanbridge and Dun!
ham, near the forks of the road, on lot eight, range eight, Dunham,
and still further north at Sweetsburg village, where, on the road to
Brome Mountain, these peculiar dolomitic bands, in twisted blackish
gray slates, are well exposed The strata all along this contact of the
Cambrian and Cambro-Silurian. are very greatly disturbed, bein"
twisted in every direction and highly cleaved. No rocks with Calcifer-
ous fossils appear anywhere in this direction, and it is probable that
the Chazy is separated from the Cambrian by a line of faulting along
which the doleritie mountains of Brome, (Jale andShefford have been
erupted.
The breadth of this Ca-nbrian belt, on the, N'ermont boundary, rh..raot... of
appears to be nearly four miles and a half, to where it is limited Jn "."' [■'"!'" i'"'
the east by the series of underlying green chloritic, mostly schistose, antici'i,.f '""
but occasionally massive dioritic rocks. The strata which compose
this belt, differ somewhat from those which make up the areas already
described. The rocks are largely slates, greenish, grayish or black in
colour, with occasionally bands of dark purple. With these ar,. local
• ievelopm.nts of hard, generally bluish-gray .juartzite o.^ ,,uartzose
sandstone, veined with quartz and frequently with small blebs of clear
quartz. These rocks appear on both sides of the central axi. of Sut-
ton Mountain, !.aving a general dip to the north-west on the west
Hank of that axis, and to the south-east on the east side.
About Dunham and on the road to Frelighshurg the characteristic i),,,,!,,,,,, to
Cambrian rocks of this area are well seen. On the road from Dunham '•''•«"«l"'l""-g.
to East Stanbridge, after crossing the series of bluishgray and black
s ates and limestone of the Chazy, the conspicuous band of quartz- veined
dolomite, already described, is exposed in lots nine and ten, range
66 J
QUfiUKC.
I'Vliphsiiiirff
'Will vicinity.
IL
Swet-tsburg.
fourth of a ,„i,e wost of th "1.: n "*'' ^""'''^"' ^'"'^^^ '^^ °"«
b.-..isl.-gnu. slates oe u^ he iU wl h'T' '7 T' °"^'^^'""""^
an inch to three inches !^ ,Zr't T k ' ^ /' """''' '-"^ '^'^
exu.„ine.l for fossils, but as the different hH ^ T""' '"'■'^"">'
face of then, could be found t!!':^;:" T "'"'■'"'' ""
north-west. Occasion;iI rinl.. •. 7 ", ^' ''"^^^■'"•. '« to the
r."'..U.Iyrepresrr^X:,^: ;---;-'- slate, which
n.^ iitho„,ican, .•esen.b^th^Jw^::;^:^:;^'' ^^^^
th^:s^::::',:«:!,^,;^:^;^'f"^« f-Dunha., after crossing
lMvli,l..bur/villaJe rr "" "" '" *'"'" """ '" ^''« "^- -^t
l^H.Kls occur which are seeTat Tn , ''""' '^'^^ *''« ^"'"-"'t^
Ar^and Centre al.: 'Xr:;";' ^ T^ '" ^'^ "^^^ *° «*'
ti.ey are traceable to the bounkr 'of V ''""' P'"'"'^' ^»>*^"''^
ready described E. of Te 7 f """'' "'""" *''^'^ '"'^'" ''«- '^I"
about one n.ile west of Abbott "0:;^^ ''"' \'"'' ^"^'
Sreenchloritic .schists sli-hHv m! , ' '" *'°"*'''^'* ^^'i^h
easterly to the va ey o I e C t^" '" f'""' "'"^' *'— xtend
near the village oiLtol ''""' °' '""^ *''^^"«''"- l«-r
ba:i::nir;:;^::r,^t;fdisr r^^^t '''-'-^' ^^^
Gear Brook, about half a nil t ' r,? '^^y;,"'^ ^^^ ^--^g of
north-east, towards Sweetsburl r !^ ^'' ' 'aye corner ; while
to the welt of tZ:zt:^^^^^^^^^^^
four, l,unha,n. Thev are alsl we een Tn ^ 1 "^'"'""' ""^^
nnle or so between lots thirteen!^ Ztee„ O^ '"""" '"]' ''''• ^
fifteen, a tongue of calcareous and sll y "k """'^ °" ^°^
line between ranges four and fi, / 7^ '°'"''' '" °» ^^^^^
cleaved Can,brianVattl ^ f ™ ^^^^^^ '^^^^^^^ ^'^ hard,
.■icl,.e keeps a short distance to trrattoU If' "" T ""^' ''"' '^'^
as far as the cross-road on lot serern :lr: C""^" ''"I
Je trace^d south.ard^o'hl' :T.:r^:tZ^::^ ^Y^
are all sifue, ^:":::^"^''i^':z'''' r--' ''''^''^
« J anu giayisli, liard, sandy or quartzose,
IIU.
CAMIIHIAN.
Ol ■!
cleave.l to the south-east, l.ut the dip of tlie ba.idin- is .enenilly to
the .lorth-west. Near tlie top of a high hill on lot nineteen, ran-e one,
beds of hard gray quart/.ite and slate dip N. 55 W. < 75', the rocks
being well-bedded. This point is 350 feet above the river at Sweets-
burg, and between this outcrop on the north sloj.e of the hill, and the
forks of the road fron. We.st Hron.e, the hard quartz-veined dolomite
band aga-.n shows in the fields and along the road. North of Sweets-
burg, tins again appears and extends to the mountain near the forks of
the road between lots three and four, range one. East Farnha.n. It
IS hei-e overlain to the west by the calcareous slates of C.nvansville,
which thence continue along the west side of Brome Mountain to
West Shetlor.1. This band r-f dolomite, with the associated black and
P'ay slates, may therefore, in this direction, be take.i as limiting, the
Cambrian on the west, as far as the Brome Mountain.
To the north of this mountain,^ about Waterloo, the rocks, classed Waterl...
us Cambrian, are believed to be such because of their stratigraphical
position between the green chloritic schists and the Trenton-Cha/y
limestone, and from their general resemblance to those just described
Ihey consist for the most part of grayish and greenish-gray .sandy
slates, with occasional hard quartzose bands. The same hard -rreen
slaty rock, with l^vnds .f black and gray and occasionally hard| green-
ish-gray <,uartx.ite, are seen as far as IJoseobel Corner, and also on the
road between that place and Knowlton Falls. At Bethel or North
Ely hard sandstones with gray and black slates occur, the whole re- Xorth Flv
semhhng the lower Sillery, and going eastward from this place, great
^ f ' ''I «'^*-^" ''"^ S'-'^y li^'-d «*vndy slates with quartz- veins, dip
JN. oO W. < 70-; this is on lot twenty-four, range four, Ely The
probable base of the Cambrian in this direction, is seen near lot one
range one, Melbourne, on the road where it crosses into the township
, M , ^'"tP^'"^"' *''^'-« '« ■'' 1"11 "f conglomerate rock, contain- Conglom-
mg pebbles of white quartz and pieces of slate, which resemble the "'■''^"«-
schistose-conglomerate beds described in the report for 1886, (p 26 j)
as occurring at Stoke Mountain, Sherbrooke, .^-c, and which there fonn
the base of the Cambrian rocks. Like them also, the rocks at this
place are somewhat schistose and are associated with bands of hard
sandstone and greenish slate. These conglomerates appea,' to be local
developments, but the characteristic green slates and quartzites of thi«
series can be traced for miles.
scltt'2 .'''/""v',*''' ""T? '''■""'^ """^-^' ""^''^ P-^^^^'^S *'- g--^-" ^^-^ Trunk
scl istose rocks which extend from Richmond westward to within two ""rl^Y "''"i
unles of Lisgar station, Cambrian rocks are again seen. The first ""™
exposure of these is half a mile east of the 71st mile-post, where there
58 J
QUEBEC.
Lisgnr.
Kingsey.
li'Avenir.
also veined witJi quartz AfUo^ ^^ ; "" *^- < bO . These are
."ile west of the 69th Lie It f'T IT'!' "'"'' '^ """^'^^^'^ °^ ^
sandy, have the sIT dT A^ '^^^^^^^^^^^
wrinkled woody-fibred siatP, ? ^ further west, hkek
tainin, seatte^^^IrS ^H-;":^ ^ TT^' ^"^ T"
dolomitic lin.estone, seem to incuLTX ^ «and.stone and of
oUuartz .„,l'l,T ; "' ""* «"""«»<" "'■''■'•e and full „( grain,
ot quartz and have mterstratilied beds of -reenkh .Infv „ 1
large veins of oiinrt^ Tk greenish slaty rock carrving
byUi.:,:';::':, p^r; eTatridT"-'' " "? '»"" "°""'
...eenisb-weatheHng s„L,t„ H'ipl to w'™ ^^ bini.h-gray,
el,,el™ t^ tte 11 of-Bi:, T'Ti"' '"■'"'■ "' I"™™— <l
»Iong «,e rivlr td \/ n tT ''"°" ""- P'"« °° '"«ta "O-'
o iMB river, till the black Trenton limestone., nf T'\,, •
-et wu on lot six. range two, Kingsey towrs^!:; "^^'^^"^ ^''^
bee?deltn.!!r"': ''"'^ T'""' *° *'^^ "°^*'^--* -^ '-ve already
Xort t:^^:^^^^^^^ I: ^'^-- --^ of mehmond, in Z
posed of dar^red or nurnl . "" '" '^' *"""'^^P °^ ^^"^^'^^^ --
Ll h.rri . 1 ^ P ''"'^ ^"■''" "''^*«^''' ^'t'> bands of quartzite
«n^ K . , ^ graphitic limestones and slates of the Trenton
ajid_thi^xtends^tji.east^rd into Shipton and Tingwick * '
*A„„«aIlieport, G.0I. Surv. Can.,lm, vol. 117^^^:^1^27:277-
'0
CAMHUIAN.
59 J
Another important area of tliese Cambrian rocks, is that seen on Ana. ast of
the east side of the Sutton Mountain anticline. These rocks are pre- mI"?,',' ;.,
sumal>ly, ui part at least, the equivalents of the prolonged belt alonj,'
the west side just described. The rocks of this area, however, difler
in some respects from those of the west side of the anticline, more par-
ticularly in the presence, at various points, of eruptive rocks, such as
diorites, .&c., which in places are associated with serpentine and
soapstone.
In some respects the Cambrian of the eastern or Missis(|uoi Valley
area, is easily confounded with the rocks of the Cambro-Silurian of the
same section. Careful examination, however, enables us to clearly
distinguish between the two series, though both are affected by the
eruptive masses which form so important a feature in this part of the
province.
The principal stratified rocks in this area consist of slates and Oluiractor of
.juartzites. The former are grayish, black, green and purple in i';Hur,';^;;"
colour. The quartzite is generally hard bluish-gray, veined with quartz, ''""on.
but sometimes is a true gritty sandstone, and the slates not infre-
(juently contain interstratiHed hard snndy layers.
The contact between the Cambrian slates and pre Cambrian schists
near the Vermont boundary, is visible a short distance west of .Man-
sonville station on the Canadian Pacific railway. To the east of
this place, the rocks are generally black stained slates, much twisted
and quartz-veined, and with occasional bands of quartzite. Just west
of the station, the crystalline micaceous schists of the Hutton anti-
cline come in, and thence extend westward to West Potton, and
along the mountain road to Abercorn. Similar slates and quartzites
are seen further north at the eastern extremity of the Bolton Pass
road and in the valley of the Missis«|uoi River. North of Bolton
Centre, these slates become much disturbed, and nmsses of diorite and
serpentine are exposed between this place and the line of the Canadian
Pacitic railway at Eastman. Between Eastman and Orford Moun-
tain, the rocks are both slaty and cjuartzose, and purple-coloured beds
are seen just to the west of the Orford Pond on the road to Bolton Roiton.
Forest. While these rocks are of necessity much altered by the
action of the dioritic masses, as is seen in the presence of the
serpentines and in the schistose character of some of the beds, they
do not, as a series, resemble the crystalline rocks of the central
anticline. The construction of the Canadian Pacific railway through
this district has furnished excellent opportunities for their stuily, and
a paced section along the portion between Eastman station and Magog
may here be described.
60 .1
QUEIIEC.
f<<'ctii)ii on tli(
Ciiimdiiiii
I'licitiu niil-
Wiiy Ix-tWcfn
ICiiMtiimii.
• ii'ftiitolitic
l>Iuok HiateH.
Contact with
Orfoni Mdun
tiiiii (lioritcN.
Altori'd chat
uftor at tlit>
contact.
Oil this section the rocWs nt ft.» ^.o- ^ . -
to the pre-Cambrian both .• . '^'^''"'' ''''''' ^'^^u. the >^iluvian
i"c-v iiiimnan, ijoth inclusive, are ret)m«pnfo,l tu wi •
<';.lo.nitic slates and limeston.. extend nearly to th I^e het '"
s xteen and sevonf««n \r ■ ^ ^" "'" ''"^ between ranges
ci».ed ,„..<» „„„.„„„ wLt.„,. t\hJ : Lrt' I'lT"
mountains of the Orford ran„P ^u- u ""^*''^"P'' "^ H'e dioritic
alon- the L-rett lin« f f ^ ' "^ "P''"'"" *" ''''^^''' '"'"« through
to the n^iddle'of Or on iol and f ""^""*"" ^''^""^^ ^•''^^"^'
some uiiles both to the nor!h IHo jl!:'"' "^ '''' P^'^'"'-"* ""«« ^-
ca!^r:^r; t 'S: '^'Wt "-"^-^ ^^-^ -^^-^ - "« ^^
tion. of thellck s Ites at 't^ "T"* '''""*°" »^'^P'°''^- ^ P-
nottoolnghh! Itcta^^^ !,"""' "P"' °' the strata where
have now'niad 're a tLtt: h "mT'' '^''"■"^^*^'-'^ "' ^'^^ -l^-
Silurian system. " °"'^ ^"^ ^^^^'^ned to the Canibro-
the pebbly series, highly clea /d the V '' ""T"' ' ''"^"^ ^'^^^ "^
much broken, being N. 85 E < g^'^^f ^^^^ /'--, where not too
colour of the slates .radu-xllvn. ' "' " ^^^^^y-f^"-" y^'d«. the
rock is much n^^re jt nted 1 "T \»^^y^^h-^"-" tint, and the
baked aspect aZeZTotkt 2,1 7' !," ''"'" '"^^'"^ '^ ^-"* «'•
a dyke of the diot' e T t > f -distance, tothecontact with
bei4shatteredob:oker:;r:ti:: ""'^'^^^^
the sedimentary beds iCLte ^^'^^^T?"' """'*' J""^*'°" "i^h
the slates again come in n'f. 7 " "'^'' '' '''"'''' ^'"^ ^^^^ -^^^^
main mass of the d ori ' Xch s ' t' "^ '^ ''"' ^' ^'^^ *«^*' *« ^'^^
and eoncretionaryt trucL re Tt " T «"^^^'"«'^^-y ^^ colour
of serpentinous ItUr thl \ .T''''"*^^ '""'^'"^ "^ '"^^^^ ^"-"tity
yards'holds a" I Ln "of tT ,' T'^'l '^"' ^^ *'« ^"^ «^ --"*-"
which appears to ha'ete ct.,: t::"' l7 ^^^ ^ ^'--^-s.
extend for eighty yards further f!t °"'''''"- ^''" ^""'«g«
the .ioints of id^:;^ r:- t^^z :::r-- ^^^^^'^' ^^^-^
"I unci till our investigation in 1886.
tiu.1
CAMBRIAN.
61
The cHontes of Oford Mountain then extend continuously to ( )rfor.l orf . x,
Pond, the rock varying in character, Injin;. in place, a hard fine-grained tain .iLrit;'""
diorite, .n others a moderately coarse dial.ase with crystals of horn-
blende or pyroxene, and in othera a coarse alm.wt syenitic rock, like
portions of l{ron.e Mountain. At the east end of Orford Pond a cut-
tiny in serper.tine marks the presence of a somewhat narrow hand of
this rock, which appears to extend for some distance alony th.. western
portion of the Orford Mountain chain, sometimes as a pure serpentine
but elsewhere as a serpentinous diorite. In the centre of the cut is s..,,...nti,u.
a band of black slaty rock, which on exan.ination is seen also to
be a serpentine, and the west end of the cutting is in a soft dirty-reen
similar mck, with what appears to be soft y.-lloxs ish-gn-en talcose matter,
and with the appearance of an altered concretionary diorite.
The second cutting, whi.h is a short distance west of that just de- s..con.l ct-
scribed, begins in a rubbly or cmcretionary serpentine, light yellow- ""«*
ish-green on jointag,- planes, with an appan-ntly bedded structure
in places. This is followed by a band of grayish-green slates, highly
altered, about three feet thick, the slaty cleavage well develope.l in
the lower part and looking like a slaty dolomite. This again is
underlain by hard generally fine-grained grayish dioritic-like r.K.k
which may, however, be a hard altered qu.rtzo^e samlstone holding
clear grains of disseminated quartz, it being almost impossible to de*^
ternwuo these sandstones in hand specimens, wh,m highly altered, from
the diorites, the latter often having a bedded structure.
The slates are brownish-gray on fresh surfaces and weather to a .siat.. .liorifH
reddish-brown. The band of dioritic rock extends for thirty-two yards ■""' -n^"
when serpentine again appears with a breadth of twenty yards This """'
IS generally much shattered, at the end passing into the black slaty
variety, which extend.s for sixty yards, to end of cutting, the nick
being a soft talcose-looking slaty serpentine with lump.- of har-ler con-
sistency.
The next cut is on the west side of Orford Pomi and begins Cutting at Or-
with crushed slaty serpentine for fifteen paces. Then a three foot ^'"^ ^""''•
band of dolomitic rock occurs, extending up the face of the cut and ser-
pentine again for thirty p.ices, to a dyke of hard line-grained dark-
gray quartz-diorite, ten paces wide; then serpentine again much
crushed and slaty for fifty-three paces to a second band of doloritic-
rock seven paces wide ; lastly serpentine to end of the cut, for forty
paces more. On the road, a short distance to the north, grayish-
brown slates occur, cut by diorite, and on the road to the south are
purple slates, with hard quartzose grits or sandstone.s. These are
characteristic Cambrian strata.
62 J
Ql'RBBC.
C'uttiiijf went
iif the JkiikI.
.Soa|wt..m.
f'liipli' 1111(1
«ri'i'ti Hlatcs
I'list of Kiist
tnaii.
W 1
RofttI south
from ^;a«t-
iimii.
Bronipton.
wi:;'::;:r r:;:^;:;; -^:r"^T -- '"•• --". -^i-^
to hard bluish.,.,' .lioriti. \ r "^ ''"^•'"' ""•" '^ ff"P
«to,.o. rusty ^ZpuTr-^^^^^^ r'\ r"' '" " '"""^ "^ -^p
extends f,„. one hundml narP. . ' ""''' «'"'''*" ^>""<^
«ray, generally H„e-«.U refu U. "sT ' '^ "!:' ''^ •"'n'l'y.y. blackish-
occasional p..,f,. .rhL.Jr.^'.rthrs t/'"^'!^
.rayish in colour, con.posed o/ blend C •' "i ^ ''"^' ^"■'""'"•
'" turn cut by s„..l. dyke« of ..,,i:::;^J:'Z:, '''' ''"'" ^''■" ''
iiotwecn this and Eastman, the rocks arf slaf, i . •
of the beds contain talc and niea but h ' ''"''"'"^"- '^""'^'
local alte..tion, since these hSlt^uZZrVr^ ""^ ^"
gray, bkck and purple slates of ' ""•^^''> ''*'"*"'-'"^'ed w.th j,.rec„,
-oks are .lolonnti!, and t le d In.iUc ^T" ''''T '" ^''"•^'^ ^'--
Eastman contain buuls . rsernr l" "? *'" '"""^ ««"»'> ^rom
-d past Or..rd Pond *: iX F ^^ Xti Tk- ^^ "'^ ""^^"
are well seen, the serpentine bein. int mate tl l .^"^f ""^ '^''^'^«
-Kl green variety, some of whic^h d' bZ t" ) ""'"^'^^
are quite schistose. After crossiu-. tl . , * '"•"'^t post-office
viII.«e,thec;doriticandmicacer Lt?^ h' TT "' ^^''^*"^'^"
the cuttings to the west and tl.l T ? ''"*"^' '^•^'«'"'« «''^» ^
distance of neari; a rilttn^^^^^^^ "•''' " ^^-^"^t dip to a
the Sutton Meu.iin alllilZ ^ S^: iT'i;' ^'"^^'^ ''' ^^'^ ''^
.mica-schist. On the road leadinV . '""'"" '" '^''^^'l^i^h
Huntingdon mine, the ^1^:^:: t^^';,^""- ^^"^^^^ ^^^
green, black and gray and d;irL- J. ,. P'^"^, ''"'t'^^- These are bright
beds of green ^^'^^^ <iI^^l':Xt^::'^ T''''- ^l-ey h:..
crops of serpentinous and'dioriMclr tT "'*' ""'"^'•""■'' -*"
to Bolton Centre, five-eighths of « •.' '"■' *"'P"'"' ''' '"te-'vals
tact With the cr stallS^sc'L se esMtl^ l'^^' ^""^^^' ^''^'^ --
road from that village to Grass PonraW^^r LTth '' ^'^ '''
-^^r :1s :r ::;z:: -::: f r ^^^ - --pton.
dark red slates are a part of the serierat ^'"'^P'"*^"*- ^-P'e and
may be mentioned the old Montreal m rJx ^,'""''' '""°"fe' ^^'^^^
short distance west of Fraser Lake 1 ""^''^ North Stukely, a
Lake..herea,uarryha:::eto;; ,':7^^^^^
^enes, on lot eighteen, range ten^ Brom^^tre^^'t^Xt t^
-]
CAMIIKIAX.
I tli(> piind, h«'^i(is
y puc's to hard
iHssivt" hut inter-
t-'exi tlitrii a gap
I blind of Koap
ill piufs, and on
rtl green dioritc
s- A short dis-
f'liyiy, hlackish-
iil)lende and an
dvke of granite,
I mien which is
ihistONp, Home
ifirently due to
ted with green,
'n i)la(.'es these
Md south from
On the niuiii
inds of slates
vitli the purple
'rest post-otfice
' it East mini
ixis are seen in
least dip to a
■f the axis of
ig ill blackish
village to the
ese are bright
They have
lurnerous out-
<I fit intervals
ce, their con-
I'ell as on the
rfch.
)f Brompton,
Purple and
imong which
h Stukely, a
of Brompton
ilate of this
■ently in the
63 .1
extension of the slate In-lt of Hockland, but further to the east ; while m • ,
on the extension of the same l«lt to the north-east of the St Francis Itn'm"'''.''
Hiver, in the township cf ClevelaM.I, similar purple beds are also '"''"'•
fouml. The area al«,ut JJromptun Lake is l.rok, n up by intrusions of
(lioriteHiul by masses of .s.Mpentine, some of which, m-ar the f...t of
the lake, are of consi.lerabic extent. The bluish-gray slates of the
Hocklan J. lunrries have already hecn <lcsc.il>ed. and it need only be
said of this belt that it is the extensi.m to the south-west of that
depicted on the map of the south east .|uarter-8heet, (iHHfi), as extend
ing from the St. Francis Kiver be' -en Wi,„|sor .Mills and the slate
quarries of MellH.urne ami Clev .,and. v ■• >re these rocks have a breadth
of between eight and nine mi; s. The .s -Dentine outccps appear in
this belt almost as far norti a. Wind.s.. Mills, but these will be
described later.
There are two other areas of Ca„.orian rocks to be described in this rambnu,
.section, both of which are limited in extent. The most easterly is an in- "/ ^. '"'
folded ba.sin in crystalline schist in the townsl.ip.s of Stukely and l!<.lton ■^'"''''''*'"
where certain black wrinkled slates, with frequent i.ieces of purple slates
occur to the south of the road from Xorth Stuk.>ly to Ste. Anne <le
Uochelle, uii.lerlying the Cambro-Silurian area of slates ami limestones.
The second area is east of -Memphremagog Lake, lying to the north of
Fitch Bay.aiifl extemling thence to Massawippi Lake. The rocks of this
latter area underlie the Cambro-Silurian of the east side of the lake
and rest upon a series of crystalline schists which are held to mark the
extension to the south west of the Sherbrooke anticline in which the
copper deposits of Ascot occur. Ti.ey con.sist of green, black and gray 4,.,,, ,.^,, „f
slates, with occasional ban. Is of conglomerate which are sometimes ^I'l'l'lnvuia-
schistose and which have already been described.* The breadth of this ""^ ^".''*'
belt of Cambrian slates, sandstones and conglomerate on the road from
the upper <'nd of Massawippi Lake to Magog is about two mih- in its
broadest part near the head of the lake, aiul similar rocks appear on
both sides of the ridge of crystalline schists. They extend .south-west
past the lower end of levering Pond and apparently terminate at
Magoon's Point, on the north side of the entrance to Fitch Bay.
Schistose rocks appear on the road, cro.ssing into Y.n inont, east of Vermont west
Bear Mountain, about half a mile south of the boundary. These are ^^ '"•'«• '
overlain to the north by the bluish-gray and black pebbly slates' of
Sargent's Bay, and with them are two small outcrops of black
graphitic limestone similar in character to the rock of Melbourne and
Richmond. The schistose rocks in this direction look like altered
•Annual Reix)rt, Geol. Surv. CftU., 18«6, vol. IL (N.S.), p. 27 j.
64 J
Hi f
QUEBEC.
Slaty beds and contain quartz-veins which have been mined apparently
forgalena of which slight traces were observed in son>e piece." of tZ
quartz 1 hey do not resemble the pre-Cambrian schists so much
as he altered Cambrian rocks, such as are seen on the Canadian Pacific
railway west of Orford Mount.iin.
Pot.c,a,n«a,K,. The areas of Potsdam san.lstone north and west of the St. Lawrence
to tile Calci
feroiis.
stone refeiTfd i , , '"^ "ui i/n u
have already been descHbed and mapped. Although a re-examination
of this section was recently made, nothing further of in.portance con-
cern.ng the distribution of the Potsdam was ascertained, the area be-
ing argely drift-covered, and no <letails can be added to those given in
the Geo ogy o Canada of this region.* The Potsd ,m sandstone is now
he.d to form the lower and sandy portion of the Calciferous formation
constituting, with that formation, the lowest member of the Cambro'
Silurian system. '->""iuio.
Pre-Camurian.
Rocks west of
•St. Lawrence .,, , ,.
desoriberl Will be (USCUSSed.
■separately.
In this report the pre-Cambrian areas east of the St. Lawrence only
111 be ,hscu.ssed. The Laurentian rocks west of that river, ,„orI
especially in the country north and east of St. J.=rome, form a division
distinct in character from the crystalline schists of the Eastern Town-
ships They have been very thoroughly studied by Dr. F. D Adams
both in the field and in the laboratory, and his remarks upon the a I
will be found in a supplementary chapter.
The crystalline rocks of that part of the " Eastern Townships," con.-
pnsedin the area here described, have been already indirectly r;ferred
to in previous reports, as constituting the most westerly of the three
anticlines which are found in south-eastern Quebec.t
The early views as to the structure of this series of rocks have been
a reac^ given m the report just referred to, as well as their relati n!
o the overlying Cambrian and other systems, and need no further
reference in this place. It may, ho.ever, be mentioned that the early
SuSe^r'^^: *^« ^^ructureof the Sutton Mountain rocks, according o
u:!f.";:2!"""- ^'Toul^' "'" ''''''''"' *" ^ -tamorphic portion of the fossillfer-
ous Quebec group, were tirst publicly challenged by Dr. T. S. Hunt in
1871,J, and subsequently and officially by Dr. Selwyn in 1877. Li the
Report of Progress for 1847-48 (p. 52), the anticlinal structure of the
Sutton Mountain ridge is indicated, but at that date these rocks were
*(ieolopy of Can da, 18(i3, p. (W. "
t.Annual Report. Oeol. Surv. Can., 18S<I. vol. If. (X.S.),.. 3.) and 33 ,
S.\merici- (ieoOtrnt, vol V 4i)ril IKnii n, 'i' u. ' I • •>" unci ,i.i, .i,
thel^iebec gi-oup." ' ''' ''^•^"' ^-*'- '• ^'^''^'•ry Hunt, "The History of
tiu.l
PRE-CAMUniAV.
65 J
crystalline schists were the cniivalpnt nf n v •,-.; t'^t the
group was still .naintainecl. ' ''" ^•^^■''"'^— ^"ehec
The Sutton Mount-un range is the extension into Quebc of the p ■
Cxreen Mountains of Vermont It pons,«tv t ■ "^ '^^"e Piomiiifrithill
ol«,-,.f 4.> .1 .-, ^'^ ''""^•^^« ot a prominent nW're the ^••""'■•'■■<-
»rl,„ „p„,.t to be„l,„„t 4000 f,,.. nl,„v. U,, „.,.'.,., ,1 ,'"
''"""""'PI' '"I"'™ ■="■> »refull,,„„rtai„„l, h„„..v , : r
,-n. „, .,» s«e„„ „„„„. „,, , ^,„.,„;;;;: ^;;'- ;>';i;;8;»-
Ho .n. K„. B.,.„„. ,„,„„ ..„ „,i, j;:;;::;;.,'* ;,:;: ;;; : ■ --
.structure c,,„ bo well ,«„ „„ l„tl, tl.c.e lines of eclio, tTI
.»^i.ue s„„i.., „, u™ „„,e .„., ,„, .11,,, ,, J; :;; ;, ^ ■■.»■
>!'., the gne,s,,c, micaeeon,, ,n,„i„„e „„,, t„lco,e ,d,ists „f ,1 ,
».e„e, „t green, ehl„,.i,,i„, ,el,i„„» ,„h, „,„„,, .,n,ti,„, " ; t.^^ v
™p.„bl, port,o„, flanking .be een.,,1 „,.e„ „f .ehi.t, t he w^
»nd extending ,,.o„ the Ve„,„nt l.,„„,l„,y ,„ tl, i. K™ eij b
a» v,c,n,t, „, Hiclnnond. This »o„„d or chloritie ,1 ""^^
....cl, .,,..„e .be v,d,e, .. ^Zl^ ^^Z ^>:^!i:^"
The line of the an.ielinal „xi, of the e.n.ml „re» i, e,,ilv ,.
:-*^™dJ»^een dete™^^^^^^^^^^ „,„,. ,^, J, l::^J^^
*Gp.)I.)gy „f Canada, 18(i3, p. 261. ~ ^
iitaiit
II l .
66 J
VUEltEC.
Anticliiml
axis of the
Sutton Mouii
tuiii range.
Its'jKjsitioii.
Chloritic
schists.
C()|)|HT (IIV of
Pinnacle
Mountain.
across the range. At the south-west extremity it crosses the road
west of Man.sonville, in the vicinity, or just to the west, of West
Potton post-office, the dip of the crystalline schists thence to Abercorn
being north-weaterly, while towards Mansonville station the dip is to
the south-east. The strata are affected by local crumplings, but these
do not disturb the general direction of the dips.
On the roail through the Bolton Pass, the axis of the anticline
passes " short distance west of the fork of the road on lot twenty-
eight, range three, Bolton, the same regular divergence of dips Ijeing
.seen to the east and west of this place. On the line of the Canadian
Pacific railway, this axis is seen in a small cutting one mile west of
Eastman station. Further north, it passes just west of the village of
North Stukely, and still further in this direction it is recognized in
close proximity to the road through Melbourne Ilidge about lot
fifteen, range three, Melbourne, whence it continues across the St.
Francis River into the township of Cleveland. In all these places
the reverse dips from the central axis are easily recognizable for some
miles in either direction. This anticlinal structure of the range was
discussed and pointed otit by Dr. Selwyn in a paper read before the
Royal Society of Canada in 1882.*
The distribution of the chloritic schistose portion is somewhat im-
portant from the economic standpoint. In character it preset^is the
features of a dioritic rock which has undergone very considerable
metamorphism, by which the mass has assumed a schistose structure.
The presence in certain portions of amygdules, which have also been
drawn out or elongated in the shearing process, is evidence of its
originally eruptive origin. The colour varies from dark green to purple.
In their most southerly extension, these rocks are well seen on the
road from Frelighsbui-g to A.bercorn. They come to the surface ,l)out
one mile west of Abbott's Corners, where they have a nleavagi to the
south-east, though the dip of the bedding-planes is doubtful. Thence
to the Pinnacle Mountain, these rocks present good exposures, and are
sometimes schistose and at others massive. They are precisely similar
in character lo the rocks seen at St. Armand and Rochelle in Stukely,
and on the hill to the east of Waterloo. On the south side of the
Pinnacle Mountain, a deposit of copper ore was worked for several
years, but finally abandoned. Similar rocks extend to the valley of
the North Branch of the Missisquoi River at the village of Abercorn
on the east side of which the mica-schists appear, as well as in Aber-
corn village. These rocks dip north-westerly and underlie the green
•Trans. Royal Soc. Can., 1882, vol. I., sec. IV. "The Queliec Group in (Jeolo^."
■•]
PRE-CAMBHIAN.
rocks last described. The breadth of these green, chloritic and dioritic
rocks in this section is about six miles.
In the north-west portion of the township of Sutton, these rocks are Copper .U-
well seen on tiie road from Sutton Junction west throuf,'h North {,7'''" ",' '^"'•
Sutton. Both here and in the southern portion of Bronie, thev contain BnVn"!
deposits of copper and iron, the characters of which have been given
fully in ray report on the " Mineral Resources of Quebec "* The min-
eral-bearing character of these rocks is seen at a number of i)oints
thence northward to the St. Francis Kiver, and several mines were
at one time located on this belt. These hine, however, long .since
been abandoned, the ore, while being sufficiently rich in copper,
not being concentrated in the .several lodes in quantity sufficient to
repay the cost of its extraction. The belt becomes narrower as we
proceed north, and in Melbourne has a breadth of not more than two
miles and a half. The general schistosity of the rock dips to the north-
west, and it is overlain by the slaty and quart^ose beds of the Cam-
brian as seen in the St. Francis River, already described, and in the
township of Cleveland.
That these pre-Cambrian rocks have been greatly disturbed at a Distributi ,
comparatively recent date, is shown by the pre.sence of areas of Cambro- "f l'""-Ca.n-
Silurian strata, as in Ely and Stukely, which conform in cleavage with ^'"""■"-■'^^•
the underlying schists, as well as in that of black slates presumably of
Cambrian age at several other points.
The age of the green, schistose, dioritic portion is to some extent Geolo<rical
doubtful. It is evidently newer thp,a the underlying schists of the l''"iti"i« of tlie
Sutton Mountain axis and older than the great bulk of the Cambrian dSf '■'''°"'
slates and quartzites. It therrrore apparently constitutes an inter-
mediate series, having, in certain places, bands of black slates and hard
sandstone or quartzite, as at Brome and Richmond, which tend
to associate it, from a lithological point of view, more closely with the
lowest Cambrian than with the underlying schist. As its volcanic
origin IS plainly seen in its dioritic and frequently amygdaloidal
character, it appears to coincide, to .some extent, with division 2 of
Dr. Selwyn's classification,! viz., the vdcanic group, which he suppo.sed
to be probably Lower Cambrian or Huronian. The great degree of
schistosity found in the rocks of this area, has doubtless been superin-
duced at the same period in which the slaty and schistose structure
was imparted to the underlying series, as well as probably to the over-
lying Cambrian slates.
•Annuftl Re|K)rt, (Jeol. Surw Can., 1888.8!l, vol. IV. (N.S.), pp. 16 18 k
tRe!X)rt of Prof<.-..ss, Geol. Hnrv. Can., 1877-78, p. 3 a
5J
68 .1
l^L'KHEC
Pri'-(':niil)fiiiii
I'ilHt of Mllll-
iihrririiijfiig
jaku.
Fitcli l$ay.
The only othci' jiivji of rocks in tliis sectio:i whidi may possibly be
of pre-C(unhriaii age, is that seen in the extension of tliii Slierbrooke
aiiticlin.> which, in this direction, continues from Massawippi Lake
nearly to Momphremago- Lake. On the road from Magog to Fitch
liay, past the east side of Lovering Pond, green mica-schists are seen
at the brook-(;rossing, just south of tiie Stanstead township-line, on lot
twenty-eight, range seven, of Slanstead. They li.-re undeilie black,
wrinkled, ijuart/ vein.'d slates <.f Cambrian aspect, and are exposed'
nearly to the village of Fitch Bay, at which place also they are underlain
by similar slates, (!,(> position of tlie latter being pre-ninably due to
overturned structure, and possibly to faulting. On the road from
Massawippi Lake to F'itch Bay, one-)ialf mile from the forks of the
load, a hill of green chloritic schist with some whitish mica, occurs;
dip N". .").-) \V. < 75 , while yrcenish and grayish mica-.schists with clear
grains of (juart/ are seen along the road south of the Jhmker Hill
ridge which extends from :\rassawippi Lake to Fitch Bay. As we
approach the latter place, the gi'een schists reccule from the road and
'edges of black and bluish-gray pyritous slates come in, dipping N.
60^ ^^'. < 60. These slates hold sandy bands and the surtWes
are frequently minutely wi'inkled, while in other places they are
smooth and shining, and contain small iiregular quartz-veins. They
are distinctly different in character from the schistose beds, and in
the former maps of the area were classed in the Upper Silurian series
like the rocks west of Slierbrooke.
The green chloritic schist apparently constitutes the bulk of the ridge
known as Bunker Hill, to the .south-west of ]V[assawippi Lake. The
extension of this ridge to the west of Fitch Bay is seen in similar
chloritic schistose rock on the road ascending the hill to (Jeorgeville,
■ as well as on the road to (Jeorgeville from the Nariow.s, about two
miles s uth-west of the village of Fitch Bay. The rock has very much
the same character throughout, viz., that of a schistose altered
dioritic rock, occasionally with micaceous bands, and often containing
clear grains of quartz. Ledges of this rock crop out as far west as
the road from ]Vrauoon's Point to Oeorgeville, near the crest of the
ridge, on lots thirteen and fourteen, range two. Stanstead. These rocks
apparently are more closely allied to the green chloritic schists of the
west slope of the Sutton Mountain area than to the gneissic schists of
the central axis. They do not appear on the east side of Memphremagog
Lake south of Fitch Bay, the position which thoy -vould have occu'^
pied in their extension being taken up with granites and black r,lates
and by aiuygdaloidal diorites. Tliis whole area is so greatly affec-
ted with dykes and faults that formations of very diverse age are now
intimately associated.
VOLCANIC AND I'LLTOXK' HdCK.S.
G<l ,r
Volcanic and Pmtonic Rockh.
Under this heading must he iiichided a very considerable variety of
rocks, such as granites, syenites, diorites, iluh-iites, diahases, serpen-
tines, traps, etc., evidently of several different ages. Many of tliese occur
in 1 'wdying outcrops, while oti.ers rise into elevations, and constitute
some of the most prominent mountains in the piovince of Quebec.
Among the most conspicuous as well as most recent of these, are the
granitic masses of the east side of Lake Memphremagog and the great
series of doleritic hills on the west and north of that lake, as wvW a.s
those which rise from the comparatively level plain of the St. Law-
rence River basin. With these also must be included certain dykes of
diabase which cut the fossiliferous rocks of Lake Memphremagog and
other places. The anorthosites of the area north of the St. Lawrence
and other eruptive masses which are also found in the Laurentian
scries of crystalline rock, while newer than the liii:«"stu,ie and gneiss
which ihey penetrate are presumably older than the diorites of the
Eastern Townships.
Concerning the dykes which occur around Memphremagog Lake, it
may be said that some are massive green diorites, while others are
talcose in aspect and .schistose in structure, the schist osity being doubt-
less due to the great amount of prowsure which appears to have l>een
exerted on all these rocks, and which has converted the fossiliferous
Silurian slates in places into micaceous schists.
As to the exact age of the granitic rocks of the Eastern Townships,
we have no directly conclusive evidence in this region. They have
long been regarded as belonging to the Devonian peri^itl, but this \iew
was doubtless, to a great extent, due to the fact tliat they were known
to alter rocks of supposed Upper Silurian ag(>, and therefore should be
newer than the rocks altered. Since that time, however, it has been
ascertained that the rocks penetrated by the granites are not Upper
Silurian, but something much older, belonging in part to the Trenton
formation and in part to the Cambrian or ev<.n to the pre-Cambrian ;
while in no case yot seen by us in the Eastern Townships of guebec
do granitic rocks penetrate I'pper Silurian sediments. From the highly
altered character, however, of the fossilifei ous Silurian, and from the
presence of dykes of trajipean rocks, it is probable that the a;.;e of the
granites is not far from the close of the Silurian period.
The action of these granites upon the .slates in contact has already
been described.* The limestones are rendered micaceous, and the
•Annual Kcpoit, (ii.(,l. .Smv. Can., l,sS(i, vol. fl. (N.S.). p. :{tl,i.
Viiriiius kinds
of volciuiic
rotliH.
Ihl<is:itl,al<f
.\IiMiiplir»'ni-
AffiMif granit.'
of tlw HiL-itein
ToWllftllipH.
Action of the
pninitf nixni
the strata in
contact.
WWr
70 J
QUEBEC.
(Jranitf ureoM
cast of Lake
Memphreiii-
StaiiKteaii.
Maroon's
Point.
sL^es frequently changed to staurolitic schist; and this action is .he
sarne m all the ..rata acted upon by the grar it, .• „.«.e. whether
belonging to the Cmbro-Silurian or Cambrian sy.st.,.n,^.
The are-., of granite proper, en.braced in the porti,.n of tho province
to which t us report relates, are few, the principal be^ng on L east
side of Lake Mempluemagog, where at the boundary o? Hie state of
Vermont, low-lying l.dges of this r<ok occupy th. shore on both sides,
and ex end on the Q-uhec side n .. ly to the head of the cove in
CedarviUe, on lot four, range thue, Stanstead. Th., granite ."s al.o
seen in contact with the limestone (grnohiti,.; and .late, on Province
Is and, and on a small island between that and the east ..de of the
ake. In «!1 • uese places the rocks in cont,,, t ar- highly altered, and
^h. granite n...r the line of contact is generaily of . differ.., character
. .m that of th« mam mass, being for the most part fine-grained and
mo. ,u Isp... ..ac. Ab.m, Beebe Plain, or Stanstead Junction, and on the
road ^nca«^et,> tho shore of the lake, the contact, of granite with the
slatos a,..d hmestmes is well seen, the granite o-curring as dykes or
protruioons from the main mass into the stratified rorks.
Another dyke-like m^ss, distinct from that Just r.cmtioned, is seen a
short distance west of the village of Stanstead, and ■. described in the
Geology of Canada (p. 4.35), as extending from the fourth lot of
townirip '""'^^ *° ^^^ thirteenth lot of the eleventh range of the
Concerning the mode of occurrence of the granite at these places,
It IS remarked in the volume just quoted that* "it appears to dis-
place the calcareous strata, which it penetrates, as these are observed
to dip from It in several places. On the fifth lot of the fifth range.
[Stanstead] on the east side of the road, within a short disUnce of the
edge of the granitic nucleus, a great number of dykes of the granite are
seen, cutting the basset edges of the limestone beds ; the whole having
been worn down to a horizontal surface. Some of the main dykes are from
two to three feet in breadth, and divide into a multitude of irregular
and reticulating branches, many of which are no more than the eighth
of an inch wide. In the face of an escarpment, which rises from^he
granite nucleus to this horizontal .surface, a large dyke, of which all
source ''' """' ^^^ ^ ^ ^ ramifications, can be traced down towards its
Another limited granitic area is found on the shore at Magoon's
Point, on the east side of the lake, just north of th ■ ., ance to Fitch
Hay. It occupies the shore on lots twelve and "„,te..n, range one,
•Geology ot <. -.j.^a, 18(i3, p. 434. '"
Illl.J
VOLCANIC AND PLUTONIC ROCKS.
71 J
Stanstead, where it is in contact with black inm stained slates, and on
several small islands a short distance off the shore, granite also occurs,
the alteration of the slates in contact into staurolitic schists being
visible in every case.
These granitic rocks furnish a very excellent building stone, and
quarries have been opened in both the principal masses, not only on
the Canadian side, in that near the boundary, but on the Vermont
side as well. The granite is white in colour, with black mica, and
has already been described in previous reports.
The series of eruptive mountains like that of Montreal, and includ- Eruptive
ing those of the country east to Shefford, has already been very fully "',"""'/ ^j",^ gj
examined and described by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt.* The microscopic Lawrence,
examination of the rocks of the great eruptive masses of Potton, Orford
and Brompton has not yet been completed, though their distribution
has been mapped. As a comparison of the principal features of the
rocks of the two areas will be of great importance in throwing light
upon the relative age of the two series of eruptions a brief description
of the most important masses found in the St. Lawrence basin, taken
from Dr. Hunt's report of 1858, is here given.
In the Report of Progress for that year, on page 177, Dr. Hunt says : —
"The hills lying to the west of Brome and Shefford are, in the order
of their succession, Yamaska, Hougemont, Behi'il, Montarville, Blount
Royal and Rigaud, all of which are intruded through Lower Silurian
strata. A few miles to the south of Beheii is Mount Johnson or
Monnoir, another intrusive mass, which, although .somewhat out of
the range of those just mentioned, apparently belongs to the same
.series. The mineral composition of these intrusive masses varies con-
siderably, not only for the diflerent mountain.s, but for different por-
tions of the same mountain. "f
The Mountains of Brome and Shefford, in which are included also Brome and
the Gale Mountain, which constitutes the western part of the mass of '^'"'*'^'"''^*
Brome Mountain, are in that report regarded as one great trachytic
mass. The rock from the west .side of Brome Mountain, near the
village of West Shefford, is said to be " coarsely crystalline, lavender-
gray in colour, and contained a little brown mica, sphene and magnetic
iron, but no hornblende. "J This portion of the mountain is largely a
elieolite syenite.
*R«I)ort of Progress, (Jeol. Surv. Can., 1858, pp. 173-188 ; Geology of Canada, 1863,
p. 667, &c.
tReport of Progress, Geol. S\irv. Can., 1868, p. 177. tlbkl., p. 175.
Rookof.Sli.f.
ford Moun-
tain.
Jlionit^^Ioim-
tain.
Yania«kii
Mountain.
Quarry.
" ■ VUEDEC.
A specimen from the south side of Shefford Mountain is described
as a coarse, gra^^ish-white felspar, with a little black n,ica and
closely re.sen.bled that just de.scribed ; ' while a second pi o ''co.
a.ned a httle black brilliant hornblende in crystalline glins aCt
the s.e of tho^e of rice, with sn.all portions of magnetite an.l yeirow
sphene, d.ssennnated in a base which, although completely cl-ystal-
line, was more coherent and Hner grained than that of Jiro.ne."
The rock of the Brome or Cale Mountain has lately been used in
bu.ld.ng ti,e church at West .Shelford, and n.akes a handsome stone
for that purpo.se, .splitting out in large blocks and dressing easily.
Yamaska Mountain is eleven miles north-west of Shefford Mountain
While the mass differs in character at various points, the ..reater
portion IS stated in Dr. Hunt's rep,.rt to be ^'a granitoid tr:.,
rock, which ditters from that of Brome and Shefford in b..in. some-
what more micaceous and n.ore fissile."* A large .juarry ha" lately
been opened on the north-west flank of the mountain, at an elevation
of about 400 feet above the Black River at St. Pie, for paving
stone for the city of Montreal. The rock quarried is of a dark ..ay
colour apparently composed of giuyish fehspa.-, nepheline, ho,.„birnde
and black m.ca, with a little ,uartx, is n,ode,ately fine g.-ai.ied, and
sph s and dresses well. This rock therefore belongs to the class of the
nepliel.ne syenites.
!>• Hunt further remarks of this mountain that its south-e.stern
side oilers a composition enti.-ely diffe.ent f.-om the last, bein.^ a
do ente made up of a pearly or white crystalline t.-anslucent felspar,
with black brilhant hornble.ule, ilmenite and n.agnetic non This
rock IS sometimes rather Hne-grained, though the elements a^e always
veo' d.stinct to the naked eye. while in other portions large cleavage
su,-facesof felspar half a.i inch i.i breadth a.^e .net with, which ex-
hibit in a ve.'y beautiful manner the striie characteristic of the ooly-
synthetic macles of the triclinic felspars. The associated c^vstals of
hornble.Kle are always much smaller and less distinct, fo.'ming with
grains of felspar a matrix to which the larger felspar cystals give a
porphyritic a.spect. Finer grained bands, in which magnetite and
ilmen.te predominate, traverse the coarser portions, often reticulaUnc •
while the whole ,nass is occasionally cut by dykes of a whitish or
brown,sh-gray trachytic rock, which is often poi-phyitic. If, as is not
improbable, these dykes belong to the great t.achytic portion of the
mountain,^would show that here as in Mount Koyal the trachytes
• Reix)rt of Progrens, Geol. Surv. Can., ]8o,*, p. I77.
'•]
VOLCANIC AND PLUTONIC ItOCKS.
are more recent than the dolerites or diorites, but the rehitions of these
(lifierent rocks have yet to be made out."*
Of the two mountains just d.s.rihed, it n.ay here be remarked that I'r,.l,al,l,. li„..
the more easterly, viz., that of Brome, and Shefford, occurs alon-/" ''""'•
the line of contact between the Cainbro-Siluriaa and Cambrian
rocks, while the Yamaska Mountain is situated on the lino of fault
between the Sillery division of the Can.brian and the Lower Trenton
formation. It is probable that the ShefV.-d and JJrome extrusion is
also alon« a fault line the presence of which is not ,so clearly indicated as
that on which Yamaska Mountnin lie.s, though the amount of dioritic
matter is much greater at Brome.
Mount Johns»>n or Monnoir, is a small mountain as compared with .Mo,„,t .r„l,n.
the others of the district, but is .ulliciently conspicuous with its son.e- "'"•
what cone-shaped peak. It is situated about six miles north-east of
the city of St. Johns and fourteen miles south-wcstof Yamaska Moun-
tain. The rocks surrounding it are presumably of Utica-Lorraiue a-e
though outcrops are very rare in the flat country from which it rises." '
Dr. Hunt says of this mountain that "it is composed of a diorite
which in general aspect greatly resembles that of Yamaska except that
It IS rather more felspathic ; the tiner-grained varieties are lighter
coloured and exhibit a mixture of grains and small crystals of felspar
wuh hornblende, brown „,ica and magnetite. Frequently however
the rock. .s much coarser grained, consisting of a mixture of felspar
grains with slender prisn.s of black hornblende often half an inch lun^.
and one-tenth of an inch broad, and numerous small crystals of amber^
coloured .sphene."t R.^cent investigations on the ,ock of this mountain
sho^v that n.uch of it also belongs to the class of the nepheline syenites.
Belo.il or St Hilaiie Mountain, is situated about midway between 15,.l,..ilMu„n-
31ontreal and the lamaska xMountain, a short distance east of the **"'■
liichelieu River, near the line of the Grand Trunk railway, [t is due
north from .Mount John.son, and on the hypothesis that these eruptive
masses cau.e up along north-and-south lines of fracture, would
probably lie in continuation of the fault which extends from near
Lacolle to St. Johns. The rock is generally a grayish eheolite syenite
not unhke. in some respects, that of Mount Johnson, as well as that
ot certain portions of Yamaska Mountain.
Rougemont lies nearly on a north-west line between Yan,aska and Rougcnun.t.
iiel.eil. Certain portions of the ma.ss resemble those of the mountains
.lust mentioned. OJ^er portions are a " coar.«e-grained dolerite in
• Report of Progre«H, GeoL Surv. Can., 1858, ,,. 178. f Il,i,l., ,,,, 17.1-8O.
74 J
yUEIlEC.
Montiirvillo
Miiuiitaiii.
Montreal
Mountain.
which ausri'; ,^i''atly , 'lomiiiates ; ),'nviii8 of felspar are present, andi
a litil" ■'' ,K'miii;'»( 1 carbonatf of lime. * ♦ ♦ This rock approaches
closely the liigUly augitic rlolerite of Montarville. The olivine which
characterizes the latter mountain is also very abundant in two
varieties of dolerite from Rougcmont. One of these consists of a
grayish-white finely ;.,'ranular felspathic base in which are disseminated
well-dt(ined crystallized grains of black augite and amber coloured
olivine, the latter sometii: ■ i l:;,.. .i ■ crystals. The proportions of
these elements vary in the same sf>ecimi;n, the felspar forming more
than one-half the mass in one part, while in the other the augite and
olivine predominate. By the action of the weather the felspar
'acquires an opaque white surface, upon which the black lustrous
aunite and the rusty-red decomposing olivine appear in strong
contrast."* The rock of this mountain resembles very closely that
of the basic jwrtion of Montreal Mountain.
The Montarville or Bouclierville Mountain is the most westerly of
the series east of the St. Lawrence, and is eight mile.s due east of
Longueuil on the bank of that river. The olivinitic character of much
of the rock of this mountaii. i^ pointed out by Dr. Hunt in the report
from which the preceding remarks are taken. Two p»i ■ ;^)al kinds of
rock here appear, the one a highly augitic dolerite, the other an olivine
drtjerite in which the olivine is "in rounded crystalline masses from one-
tenth to half an inch in diameter, associated with a white or gr'(ii,i^<li-
white crystalline felspar, black augite and a little brown mica and
magnetic iron." f Hand specimens from tlii'H mountain also show the
mass to be similar to the basic portion of Mouueal Mountain.
The rocks of Montreal Mo'uitain ha- e been recently studied by Drs.
Harrinf^ton an'! Adams. i many respect the mass as a whole
resemb; ■^evera' .f the oti. eruptive iiasses already described. Dr.
Adams remarks concerning its structure. —
" The main mass of Mount Royal, including all that portion of it
which overlooks the city of ^lontreal, ccr.sists of a very basic rock
having the mineralogical composition of a theralite vcy p(>ir in
nepheline. Under the microscope i' is seen tc be made up of labraciorite,
reddish-violet augite, brown i limbic nde and brown n.ii%a. Ohvme is
present in many part f the ,iiss, as well as titanite apatite ind
other accessory constitu os. t>pheline is present only in very small
amount and hauyne cai >e o(. ionally detected.
"On the northern side of the mountain this th< lite is seen to be
broken through by a second intrusion consisting of nepheline syenite.
*Re|iort of ProgreHS, tieol. Surv. Can., 1858, p. 1H4. f Ihid., \i. 182.
-1
VOLCANir A :j PLUTONIC HOCKH.
75 J
TJus rock is much lighter in colour and can be observed to send arms
..ut into tho theralite. It is composed ,.s8entialiy of orrhsoclase nep-
liehne and j-reen hcrnbleride, with small (juantities of pliigioclase,
I)yroxenp, garnet and nosean and other accessory minerals. Dr.
Harrington has also found sodalite in it in several places.
"Both of these rocks, as well as the Trenton limestone and Utica
shales of the neighhourhood, are cut th.ough hy a large number ..f
dykes, still more recent in age, which vary greatly in cha.acter and
have not as yet l,....n thoroughly studied. They belong however to the
bostonite-tinguait.-monchi<)uite series of dyke-rocks which are con-
sanguineous with, and usually accompany occurrences of nepheline
syenite. They are now b^ing studied by Dr. Harrington and my.self.
A dyke of ainoite found at Ste .ne de ISellevue is probably also
connected with the Mount lioyal intrusion."
On the west side of the St. Lawrence and on either side of the Lake
of Two Mountains, two prominent liills are seen which may perhaps
belong to the same period of eruption as those just mentioned. Of HiKa.ul
these Kigaud Mountain, on the south side of the lake, rises to a height -^'"""t'""-
of 750 to 800 feet above it, and e.xtends south-west for several iniLs.
The rock of the mountain presents diflerent characters at different
points It is in part a reddish orthoclase rock apparently a syenite,
like some found in the Laurentian area, generally coarsely crystalline
ill e that of ShefTord and Gale mountains; while other portions are
tfly made up of reddish felsite, which is sometimes fi<)rphyritic
^till oth. .arts of the mountain consist of a coarse-grained liornblende
diorite, Mch crystals of black mica are found. This rock is also
like much oi the dioritic rock found in the Laurentian west and north
of Ottawa,
Mont Calvaire, on the north side of the Lake of Two Mountains, is Mo„t CU
also composed largely of syeniti.' or granitic rocks, generallv red in "^•""•
colour, in places foliated but resembling the reddish s :iiied
gneiss of the Laurentian. Other portions of the mountain consist of
diorite, trappean rocks, gabbros, and on the north-east flank i.s a patch
of brownish breccia, like that found at St. Helen's Island and on Isle
Bizard. This mountain, like those of Rigaud, Montreal, etc , appears
to be an intrusive mass of comparatively recent date, and to have cut
the Potsdam and Calciferous rocks of the vicinity.
It will ue seen that in several of these intrusive masses of Alteration „f
the St. Lawrence basin, olivine forms a very important part of ^ZtuV""^''
the rock constituents, but in none of them has sufficient alteration '"" ""^'
apparently taken place to pro.'-.ce serpentine to any extent. The
7« .1
Vt'KIIEC.
wot of .M..|
phit'iuuKiiK
LaKc,
iiiul Klipliiin-
tis.
Study of the eustern serion of these eruptive peaks will, when
fomplfted, be of very <,'rcut ititerest, since in some of them
the alteration of the oliviiu' into serpentine hits iiiready Ixen accom-
plished. A I .limimuy microsiopiciil examination 'if some of these
was inadf in 1S82 f>y I^r. F. D. Adams,* from wliicli it was ascrtained
that the principal mountain masses such as Owl's Mfitd, Orfoid Moun
tain and kindred areas*, are in some cases altered dialiaaes.
In the section to the west of Lakt- Memplirema>,'og, beginnint,' at the
Wrmont boundary, and extending in a north custcrly direction thence
for about thirty-live miles, is a pnmiinent chain of these eruptive hills.
The avcrag(! breadth of this belt is about four nnles, and in it are
situated several very conspicuous peaks, among which, begintung at the
south, ar,' Bear and Hawk mountains, across tln^ former of which
the International boundary line passes; the Owl's Head, rising
about 1700 feet above the shore of Lake Memphremagog, and
Klephaiitis or Sugar Loaf -Mountain, the eastern outline of whose
summit reveals the broken-down lip of a huge crater-like depression
on the side next to the lake, occupying the central portion of the
mountain mass. In coiitinuation of this to the riorth, ai'c the Hog's
Hack .Mountain, the Peevy Mountain, and several otiicr prominent hills
in the innnediate vicinity, the local names of which were not asceitained.
These elevations are principally to the west of, and a short distance
from, the arm of the lake known as Sargent's J>ay, between the lake and
the valley of the upper Missi.s(|Uoi Itiver. From these a cluiin of medium-
sized hills extends through the eastern part of liolton township to the
line of the Canadian Paeilic railway, east of Orford Pond, just to the
Oifonl Monii- north of which rise- the great nia.ss of theOrf(»rd Mountain, the hiahest
peak in the chain and probably in this entire section, with an elevation
of 2130 feet above the surface of Lake Memphremagog. This moun-
tain extends northward to Oi'ford Lake, beyond which, on the west
side of Brompton Lake, are two prominent masses known as the Car-
buncle and Bare mountains, the foi'mer being about 500 feet and the
latter about ToO feet above JJrompton Lake, which is aljout seventy-
five feet higher than Lake Memphremagog. Between these hills and
the Orford Mountain the eruptive area is indicated by a series of less
prominent dioritic ma.sses, in which serpentine occurs to some extent ;
and, cro.ssing to the east side of J'.rompton Lake, large masses of the
latter rock are conspicuous about the west shore of Key Pond or
Webster Lake and between this lake and the lower end of Brompton
Lake. Thence to the vicinity of Windsor Mills, small outcrops of ser-
pentinous rocks occur from two to .oUr miles south of that village.
•Report <.| E'togresH, (Jeol. Surv. Can., 1881-82, pp. !1 a, 22 A.
lirolliptnl
L3;i
■]
VOtCAJJir AND PLUTONIC HOCKS.
77 .1
The rocks through whieli th.'s.. eruptive inii.s8..s riso ari' of various v.,,^,,,,,,,
nges. For a (list.iii,.,. of from tiirec to four miles west of the-"'"''''""
shore of .Meinphreiiui-,.^ Lalve, the slates are principally of Caiui)ro-
Silurian age, witli oceasional areas of Silurian or Devonian, eh.sely
infold.'d. The ,„..re westerly poriir.n of the area of eruptive rocks
is assoeiated with rucks of Canihriaii a«e, for the most part slates
an.l .,uart/.ites already described, whih- great areas „( dioriii.- rueks
-HMU-r in the underl\iiig or pre-Cambrian system. That all of tlie^e
eruptive rocks are of the same age is not prol'mMe, in fact the di(r,.r,.n.e
in their clmrmter in the difr.Ment aivas, and th.,r associations in certain
ciwe.s, tend to establish their different ages.
Comparing the eruptive rocks of the Mcmphremagog Lake district ,.,„„ ,„j ,,„ ,.
with those of the plain of the St. Lnvreme, two principal points ,,f ^M'^HTI^t aViil
diiferenre at once present themselvs. Thus in the western an^.L^^^i'^^t^la
the nUrusions are in rocks comparatively unaltered, and for th.- most *f./,','|',"''''"'"
part tiat-lying shales and limestones (ille.l with fossils, and where '""'
alteration occurs this is at the contact with the <lio,itic masses ; while in
the eastern area, all the ro( ks from tiie pre-Cambrian to the close of the
fossiliferous Silurian, are in a high state of metamorphism, the several
group-, of .strata are highly inclined, in .some cases so much .so, that the
fo.ssili;erous Hiluro- Devonian is found completely ovcnturn.^d and
underlying the Cand.ru-Silurian a.s on the east tiank of the Owl's Head
■Mountain. This has freciuently produced a foliation in the fossiliferous
Silurian dolomitic slates, such that these have now the aspect of tru(^
schists and the inclosed c(jrals are drawn out of shape and flattened. In
certain of the Camlno-Silurian graptolitic slates, the great metamorph- v,.ti„„ ..t tl,,.
ism has almo.st completely destroyed tlh- form of the graptoiites, while 'li"nt.s'I,|„ ,',',
the rock has become a graphitic schist. In the case of the eru[)tive rocks, "" ''"**■'■
not only the dykes which are found in the Silurian fo.ssiliferous beds are
rendered schistose, so as to impart to their ma.ss the character of a
talcose or chloritic schist, but certain portions of the large masses of
diabase have also assumed a schistose structure, showing the enormous
forces to which the rocks of this area, even at a comparatively recent
date, have been subjected.
Fine examples of dyke contacts are seen along the shores of Dvk,. contacts
Memphremagog Lake, both on the west and east sides, and on the '"^ ■'^''^^"'l''"'-
islands in the vicinity of Fitch. Uay. These dykes present very dif- ""'"'"*'' '''■"'■
ferent aspects, some of them beiig a rather fine-grained diaba.se, others
a whitish felspathie rock, others again are a green talco.se schist, while
still others are of felsitic granite. The alteration of the sedimentary
rocks in contact has already been to some extent referred to. This is
seen along the west shore of the lake in the development of crystals.
fr
78 .1
QUEDEC.
some of which are apparently dolomitic, in the black Canibro-Silurian
slates, and in their hardened and often shattered character, as in the
case of the eruptive masses east of the St. l^awrence, and in the
intrusion also of dykes of dioritic rock which can be traced direct to
their parent mass. Some of these results of metamorphism are also
without doubt due to the great crumplings to which these rocks
have been subjected ; though this would not e.xplain the peculiar local
metamorphism witnessed in the slates in contact with the dykes which
proceed from the Owl's Head, from Orford ^lountain and from the Hog's
Back. Around all these, a.s well as in many other places, local alter-
ation of the slate is seen, its more intense phase extending only a few
feet, or, in some cases, inches from the line of contact. Among
other places where this is well observed, is a brook flowing down
2v"es!l.:ieph- *'^® ^°''^*' between the Elephantis and Hogs Back mountains. Here,
antis kouii- about 200 yards above the bridge on the road which goes up to the
depression in the former, the black and bluish-gray slates are cut by
a heavy dyke of moderately fine-grained green diabase which proceeds
direct from the Hog's Back Mountain. The slates are locally altered
for several feet on either 'side of this dyke, which ha.^ a breadth of
about seventy-tive feet. Black slates again come in and extend for
about five yards to a second contact with the dioritic rock of the
mountain mass itself, and here the bluish-gray Cambro-Silurian
slates are baked to a dirty or rusty white colour. On the east side
of the Elephantis, or Sugar Loaf Mountain, both large and small
dykes of hard greenish-gray diorite rock are observed extending from
the main mass, and traversing the slates across the bedding planes
for some distance from the mountain foot. The slates along the
contact of these dykes are locally altered to a hard cherty rock, to
•which a baked aspec;; has been imparted. In the micrometer survey
of Meniphremagog Lake, the position of a number of these dykes along
both shores was fixed.
tain.
KocksofOvls
Head Moun-
tain.
The Owl's Head, the most prominent peak in this direction, conspi-
cuous for its cone-like shape, comes directly to the shore on lot sixteen,
range ten, Potton. Before reaching the great mass of the diorite,
several dykes are seen cutting through the slates. The first of these
is forty chains south of Perkins' wharf, and is four feet thick,
consisting of green diabase. This is followed for several chains, by
pyritous slates, the pyrites being abundant along or near the con-
tact with the dyke. Next comes a second dyke, five chains wide,
much of which is a fawn-coloured rock, somewhat schisto.se, apparently
an altered diabase, containing minute garnets and crystals of dolomite,
following which are the black altered slates to the Owl's Head diabase.
■tLU.J
VOLCANir AM) PLUTONIC ROCKS.
79 J
This rock thence extends for Hfty chains, forming the shore of the lake,
and the mountain behind rises boldly from the water. At the end of this
distance, black, and pebbly slates ayain come in and form a narrow
belt along the lake, for fifty-five chains, or to within twenty chains uf
the Mountain House wharf. Here they are underlain by the black
graphitic limestone of the fos.siliferous Siluro-Devonian, which forms
a narrow belt of about live to eight chains in width, extending up
the hollow behind the Mountain House, where it terminates about ten
chains from the head of the small cove which is cut out of these rocks
The dioritic rock of the point on .vhich the .Mountain House is built,
is a breccia or dioritic agglomerate, followed directly after by a diabase
rock which thence extends to opposite Round Island, where a band of
slates again comes into view. Thence blackisii, wrinkled and schistose
slates extend to the lighthouse point, in which the " silver mine" is
located in a quartz-vein which apparently cuts across the beddin"
The rock of the Owls Head extends westward to the road along the
west side of the mountain and crosses it a little way. Southward it
extends nearly to the JSear Mountain, a hand of bluish-gray, pebbly
slates occurring along the road to Newport, which passes between these
two prominent dioritic masses. Diorites, also greenish and sometimes
slightly schistose, occur at the International boundary and continue to
the lighthouse point on the American side, three-quarters of a mile
south of the boundary, where our survey ended.
A dyke of talcose rock, which rapidly hardens after removal from Talose rockH
the water, forms a low bluff about one mile north of the boundary.
The aspect of this dyke, whii h is somewhat schisto.se, is like that
cutting the fossiliferous Silurian near Capt. GuUys Cove on the east
side, and it is probably ;ui extension of that dyke, as the line of strike
would about connect the two places.
While the structure of .some of these diorites is schistose, so that in
hand specimens, they might almost be taken for chloritic schists, the con-
nection of these with the other massive portions of the dioritic masses
and their intimate relations with the surrounding stratified rocks, tend
to show the difference in age between this group of eruptive rocks
and the chloritic schists which form the Pinnacle Mountain of St.
Armand east and which extend to the St. Francis River as already
described.*
Trnit^vir^f ^ i^' 'r'.'r \^, "•'■c-ntlyapi "eared hy Mr. Venion F. Mantern „f Indiana
classes thein under the lie.-ul of granites and lanipniplVvivs. ( )ne at least of the vkeK
.s a tyincal ea„>|,t,m,te, and they all cut the slaty 'aiui ealearenn, r,iks !v hic'h
80 .1
QUEDKC.
Ser|«'iitini' of
Oifonl StiMiii-
tiiiii.
soapstoiif
Scrpeiitiii
Hioinptiiii iiml
Wclister
Liik< '.s.
Serpentine very rarely, if ever, occurs in the diorite masses which
penetrate the Carahro-Silurian of this section. Thus in tiie Owl's
Head, Elephantis and Hog's Back mountains there is no trace of it as
yet seen. In the Orford Mountain the only serpentinous portion is
a narrow belt of about 200 feet wide on the west Hank of the moun-
tain, which may belong to another eruptive mass. Hut in the Cambrian
division of the Mis-jis([uoi Valley, the association of serpentine with
diorite is frequently seen in the belt of dioritic rocks which extends
from the Vermont boundary to Eastman, and which are in close prox-
imity of the pre-Cainl)rian iis seen on the roads from Bolton Centre to
the Canadian Pacitic railway and in the country about (. ,d to the
west of Orford Pond and Jiolton Forest . Here also are heavy beds of
M.ignisitcaiil niagnesite with some bands of soapstone, and the rocks pi'esent
kJI kil I lutl till . P • V» rt ■
features diHerent from those seen in the eruptive masses near the lake.
To the north of Orford ^fountain, which appiuently is intrusive
along the line of contact between the Camiirian .uid Cainbro-Silurian,
other large masses about Lake Fraser, Bonallies or Orford Lake,
f Lon^f Lake, liroTniitoii . Lake and Webster Lake or Key Pond,
contain a very considerable adniixtuiy of serpentine with the diorite.
These masses are surrounded by the purjile and green slates and hard
sandstones of Cambrian age.' The passage of the diorite into sei'pen-
tine is well seen at several points about the shore of Lf)ng Lake, which
is near the eastern line of the townshi[) of Wtiikeiy. Just west of this
lake aie ledges of slaty serpentine in contact with black and greenish
slates, the character of the former being such as to present the aspect
of an altered slate, wliile the slates themselves ap{)ear to be frequently
highly serpentinous. The two mountains on the west side of Bromp-
r'iirlMinclfiuul ton Lake, viz., Carbuncle and Bare niountain.s, .n.re made upof a mixture
Hull- Mnim- „ ,. 1 1- •, , , ,
taiiiN. ot serpentine and diorite ; and to the north-west of these, extending
for a couple of miles, large ridges of serpentine are seen, bounded on
the west by dark purple-rod slate, in which the new slate quarry of
Bromjjton Gore is loc ited.
Tn several small islands near the eastern shore of Brompton Lake,
not far from the old nickel mine, the vai'iety of serpentine known as
diallage is seen, the crystallization being in liroad platy masses, and
patches of red crystalline limestone are found adhering to the serpentine
at several points, as if the latter had been an erup'ed rock through the
limestone. At the nickel mine, three-fourths of a mile from the east
shore of the lake, on lot six, ivinge thirteen, Orford, the serpentine is
mixed with purple and green slates and limestones in thin bands, the
bands of slate in places, twisted and caught in the mass of the in-
trusive rock. These slates are part of the Cambrian series.
OrfonI nickel
iniiic.
'■]
VOLCANIC A\D PLUTONIC IJOCKS.
81 J
At Webster Lake, the slates of the Caml)ro-Siluruin. probably near w..l,ste,- Lakf
the contact with the Cambrian, occupy the south end of the lake and "'' ^"-y t'"nd.
the big bay at its south-west angle. The serpentine comes in on the
west side of the lake on the north side of this bay. It is generally hard,
rubbly, dark-coloured and cherty, with small patches of stirf, hard, some-
what iibrous asbestus of no economic value. The west side of the lake
is bordered by a succession of rounded hills, of which four are especially A.iM.stus.
conspicuous. These were all examined for asbestus. They were found
to consist of serpentine, for the most part altered or shattered, having
:i strongly dioritic aspect on weathered surfaces. A large boss of
serpentine and hornblendic diorite shows near the lower end of the
lake, and two small islets in the northern poi-tion are also composed of
hard, rubbly serpentine with diorite. The whole of this serjientine is
broken and jointed, and shows no veins of asbestus though occasional
patches of a hard, stiff, green, Hbrous variety are seen in small thread-
like irregular veins from one-eighth to one-sixteenth of an inch in
thickness. A vein or band of a hard, whitish-gray, heavy mineral, whit.. gariu-t
described as a white garnet, occurs near the foot of a hill of serpen-
tine, midway on the west side of Webster Lake.*
The serpentine belt extends across the country between this lake .S..r|»ntiiH.
and the foot of Brompton Lake, in a series of hills, which form a Xn Lak""""
conspicuous ridge along the east shore of the latter nea-- the township
of Orforfl and extend northward to opposite the foot of the lake, or to
the line between ranges eight and nine, Brompton. In this belt, on lot
twenty-six, range mne, the Brompton Lake Asbestus Company's mine is
situated. To the"north-east of this, several small outcrops are seen in
ranges four and five, Brompton, on lots seven and eight. On the road
from Sherbrooke to North Stukely, called the old Jlontreal road,
dioritic rocks come into view about three-foui'ths of a mile west of the
outlet of Lake Fraser, the associated stratified -ocks I)eing purple
slates and grits. At one mile and a fourth east of tlu stream from
Bonallie's or Orford Lake, knolls of serpentine show on the south side
of the road. The prevniling rocks from this to Long Lake, are black
and gray slates, presumably of Cambrian age, with occasional outcrops
of serpentine. These latter rocks, with diorites, an; more extensively
de\eloped on a road leading north-east, about midway between the
outlet of Orford Lake and Long Lake. In this direction a somewhat
extensive belt of these ignef ocks extends along the east side of
Long Lake, in a series of kn-.i;., rising occasionally into hills of con-
sideral)le si/e, and these continue north, at least as far as Ely Bnwk
the rocks occurring between the hills being dark gray and black slates!
•(teology of Canada, 18(i,3, pp. 4(W> and 008.
6
82 J
QUKBEC.
C)n the west of these serpentinous musses, on lot eighteen, in the tenth
range of Brompton, are the bands of purple and red slates, where
the (juarry, already referred to, lias been opened.
Stukely. Th'^ most westerly outcrop of serpentine rocks in this direction, is
near the contact of the slates with the ciystalline schists, and is seen
on a road, to the south, from the Stukely road, on lot twenty-tive,
range six, Stukely. The sedimentary rocks in contact are black iron-
like and graj'ish slates. This serpentine is ver}' ochreous on weath-
ered surfaces, being decomposed to a depth of nearly one inch, while
the rock itself apjiears to be much broken up. Tiiis locality is about
half a raile west of Orford Lake, On the post-road, a short distance
west of Long Lake, anf)ther band of serpentine occurs, which is in
direct and sharp contact with ))eds of black altered slates, and has
Asbistus. a very slaty character. A small vein of asbestus was observed here,
wiiicli was opened by the owner of the farm, but this was soon
exhausted and no other trace of the mineial was found.
Scv|iciitiiii' lit' The most extensive development of serpentine in this area, is
qiio'rViillt'v.'" found along the valley of the ]\Iissisquoi River, from the crossing of
the Canadian Pacific failway southward nearly to the Vermont
boundary. On the roads connecting this valley with the shore of
Memphremagog Lake outcrops of this rock are also seen. South of
Bolton Centre, these occu!' along the east side of the valley ; but north
\ of that place several detached hills are observed on the road crossing
south-east from Grass Pond, and on the west side of the Missisquoi
River. The rocks associated with these serpentines are in nearly
every case black and grayish slates with masses of diorites, the great
hills of the crystalline schists lying to the west. The most southerly
outcrops of the serpentine seen in this direction, are two small knolls on
range seven, Potton, about one mile north of the Vermont boundary,
and a small outcrop at the fork'^ of the road, lot one, range six. The
surface of this area is largely covered with sand drift. No asbestus
veins were observed in these serpentine knolls. Further north, on the
road from Mansonville to Perkins' wharf, on Memphremagog Lake, a
belt of serpentine rock crosses about one mile and a quarter east of
Mansonville corner, and has an exposed breadth of nearly half a mile.
The nearest rocks on the range are smooth greenisli-gray slate and grits
with green-gray slates and diorites in the east. The next outcrop of
serpiMitine going northward, is seen on the road from Knowlton
Liinding to Holton Pass, on the west slope of the ridge about half a
mile east of the Missisiiuoi River. Here a band of serpentine about
fifty yards in width, with black slates on either side, crosses the road,
and has lately been opened in the search for asbestus. This is ot\ lot
'■]
VOLCANIC A\D PLUTONIC ROCKS.
83 ,T
twenty-eifjht, rjinge seven, of Bolton. The next cross-road to the AshostuH of
lake is from Bolton Centre, eastward, and on this, about a quarter of """""•
a mile east of the Missiscjuoi lliver, after passing over black and
gray slates, a band of serpentine is seen, the first exposures of which
are concretionary. The rock, however, is for the most part massive,
and is exposed along this rusid with a breadth of half a mile, the
eastern portion being mixed with diorites, which are in turn succeeded
by bluish-gray and black slates, in ])laces containing pebbles, and these
pebbly slates extend thence to the shore of the lake. This outcrop of
dioritio rock appears to be at the contact of the Cambrian and Cambro-
Silurian systems.
The serpentine rocks are conspicuous on the direct road from Bol- South of Ksist-
ton Centre to Kastmau, which passes along or between the chain of """'"
lakes, and on which tin; copper mines of this area are situated,
viz., the Huntington and Ives mines. They show with diorites, in the
cutting along the old Black lliver railway, on lot twelve, range eight,
Bolton, the stratilied rocks in contact to the south being black
and greenish-grey slates. Near the Huntington mine, the serpentine
is apjiareutly interbe-lded with green chloritio slates, diorites
grayish grits and grayish soft sandy '^lates. Further north, the ser-
pentine is associated with dark purplo--ray and black pyritous slates,
and in some places the slates have a markedly red tinge. Small
veins of asbestus of a tenth of an inch in length, occur in the serpen-
tine along this road, but no veins of workable size wore noticed.
On a load which turns off from that last mentioned about two miles Bolton,
south of p]astman and west of the Jlissisquoi Kiver, a small outcrop
of serpentine shows on lot six, range eight, Bolton. The rocks in contact
are grayish, green and purple slates. This outcrop is near the contact of
these slates with greenish-gray mica-schists which are presumably of the
pre-Cambrian series. Thence to the south, about Trousers Ijake, several
knolls of serpentine occur. On the road from Bolton Centime to Grass
Pond, or St. Etienne do Bolton, several prominent ridges and hills
show along the east of the road. These are on range seven, Bolton
on lots seven to thirteen. At one place on lot eight, an attempt to
mine asbestus was made, in 1889, without success, the veins being Asbestus
insignificant. The rock'- associated witls serpentine at this place are black '"""'•
slatt's, but directly to tue woi^t, chloritic and micaceous schists come in.
This serpentine appe.ivs to bo greatly shattered and is frequently slaty
in structure, with a Ach oily grc;en aspect, unlike that of Thetford but
similar to much of Aiu.i about Orford Pond and the north side of
Orford^Mountain. The obsef\ ed .serpentine knolls are all to the east of
the Grass Pord road, along which the mica-schist series is strongly
■IM
84 J
Serpentim- of
Mell)oiirm'
and Cleve-
land.
New Rook-
land slate
quarries.
QUEBEC.
Bedard's Hlati
ciuari'y.
Mining areas
in Cleveland.
developed, and thence to the west as far south as lot fifteen, range
seven, wh-jre the gray and black slates and quartzites of the Cambrian
appear and extend thence by the road south to Bolton Centre and
beyond.
To the south of Orford Pond, a mass of .serpentine comes to the
shore, and has been cut through by the old Waterloo and Magog rail-
way, now abandoned. Heavy nia.sses of diorite, of the Orford Moun-
tain chain, occur on both sides of the Pond, and the serpentine appears
in masses on the load to Bolton Forest along with purple, black and
greenish-gray slates. Near Bolton Forest post-office, i he.se green slates
become much twisted, schistose and even micaceous, resembling,
in this respect, the pre-Cambrian schists. They are cut by granitoid
and dioritic masses on the line of the Canadian Pacific railway to the
north. West of Bolton Forest, the black pyritous slates and grits of
the Cambrian again show, as far as Missisquoi River. These have been
described in connection with the serpentine of that district, and it is
probable that the schistosity at this place is due to a local alteration.
The only other areas of serpentine which require brief notice
here, are found in connection with the slates of the Melbourne
and Cleveland district, and may be called locally the St. Francis River
area. At the New Rockland quarries, and at the Melbourne (juarry
as well, the rock to the west of the principal slate belt is serpentine.
This belt forms hills in the vicinity, to the east of the narrow gauge
railway, which connects the slate quarry with the Grand Trunk rail-
way, and the rock crosses to the road which runs up the south side of the
St. Francis, about three miles and a half south-east of Richmond. In
this serpentine, small veins of asbestus have been observed, some of
which hold fibre of over'half an inch in length, but the (juantity is
so small that the extraction is not profitable. Cro.ssing the St.
Francis, the extension of this band of serpentine is seen on the east
side of the river, near Bedard's slate quarry, and here, also, veins of
asbestus are visible. It also crops out in occasional masses through the
belt of hilly and wooded country between this place and the Shipton
Pinnacle, and several attempts have been made to open profitable mines
in this section, but hitherto without success. These mining locations
are alx)ut three-eighths of a mile south of the road going east from
St. Cyr's crossing, on lot nine, range nine, Cleveland. The veins of
asbestus here are small and irregular, varying from mere threads up to
three-eighths of an inch in width, but the fibre lacks continuity and
is of little value. The rock is sometimes black and chorty, at others
green, or 'mottled yellowish-green, and at others again greasy looking,
like the rock of Bolton, Here the slates associated are the black
'i •
SURFACE riEOLOfJY.
85 J
f;reenish-gr(iy and puri)le varieties of the Cambrian, while the ridge to
the west is composed of schists, po sil)!y of pre Cambrian age. Tho
same relations are seen in the serpentine of Melbourne, the slates of
the quarry being of Cambrian age, while the schists, &c., to the west
belong to the Sutton Mountain anticline.
The area.s south of Windsor Mills, on lots seven and eight, ranges Ana-» s„utli
four and five, Broinpton, are probably the most northerly outcrops of the MiUs!'"''""
Brompton Lake serpentine belt. In this also the indications for
asbestus appeared to be very small, and no veins were seen. The
delimitation of the serpentines and diorites of this belt, west and north
of Memphremagog Lake, is almost impossible. Tliis country is very
rough and hilly, largely forest-covered, except along roads and lakes.
Small outcrops of slates and sandstones occur here and there, but fre-
quently the rock between the hill outcrops is concealed by drift. While
the indications, as far as seen, are not favourable to the occurrence of
asbestus in workable quantity, chromic iron is known to exist at
several points and may be found at some time in greater profusion, as
in the case of the recent discoveries in the Black Lake and Coleraine
districts to the north-east.
Surface Geology.
The remarks on this subject contained in two preceding reports* are Marine sIkIIm.
to a large extent applicable to the district covered by the present one.
liifc great plain oi the St. Lawrence, east of that river shows the presence
of marine clays at many points, the fossils from which are the same as
already described from the vicinity of Montreal. Among localities
where marine shells are found, may be mentioned, the Grand Trunk
railway, one mile east of St. Liboire station, and lot twenty, range six,
Stanbridge, where in digging a large ditch a great quantity of shells
have been thrown out. The covering of clay and sand diift appears
to be of great thickness throughout this area, and has been already
well described in the (Jeology of Canada (p. 925). The marks of .striie.
ice action are <iuite numerous where ledges are well exposed, m(jre
particularly between the lower end of Memphremagog Lake and the
St. Francis River, and to the west of the Sutton Mountain range. At
the foot of the lake just mentioned, the course of the striu' is north,
tending to N. 20' W. on the Montreal road, south of Bnmipton
Lake, and about Lake Webster. In North Stukely an<l in Ely,
the general course of the stria', on the west side of the high ridge is
*Aiiiuml Hf|K)rts, (Jvol. Siirv. Can., 18«(), vol. II. (N.S.), p. 44 .i
(N.S.)ii. !)Hk.
1887-88. vol. Ill-
86 .1
QUEBEC.
Travelled
blockrt.
Strite follow
local (leidfs-
NillllK.
Denudation of
Silurian form-
ations.
north-west, parallel with the valley of the St. Francis River. Along
the course of this stream, the striiv, where exposed, have a similar
direction, showing that the local glaciation followed this depression.
That this ice-movement was to the north-west instead of south-east, is
seen by the presence of large loose masses of serpentine and dioritic rocks
probably from the Orford .Mountain range, one lai'ge mass weighing not
far from 1000 tons being seen on lot twenty-seven, range nine, of Stuke-
ly, at some distance north-west (or in the direction of the stria- in the vic-
inity) from the masses of serpentine about Long Lake, from which it was
presumably derived. Where the brook valleys have much depth, the
course of the stria- changes to follow these, and this is well seen in the
tributaries of the St. Francis, on the north, and of the Missisquoi on the
south. Along the latter river, the striiu closely follow the course of the
depression through the gap in Sutton and Potton. This appears to
confirm the conclusions stated in 188(1, that the traces of glaciation
observed at the present day aie purely of a local character, and that if
a continental ice-sheet ever prevailed over this portion of Canada, its .
traces have long since been removed.
The enormous denudation to which this area has been exposed, has
been briefly alluded to in earlier reports,* and may be seen in the fact
that outlying patches of lower Devonian rocks, of very limited extent,
occur on the Chaudicre River and further north in the township of
Langevin, as well as on the shore of Memphremagog Lake, 100 miles to
the south-west, being presumably the remains of a wide-spread
Devonian area which, in connection with the numerous widely scatter-
ed outliers of the Silurian fossiliferous sediments, extended over the
greater part of eastern Quebec. The study of the surr'ace geology of
this area has recently been taken up by ]Mr. R. Chalmers of this
Survey, whose investigations will doubtless furnish us with much
valuable information bearing on the question of the ice-movements
and the direction from which the drift was derived.
Economic ^Minerals.
Little remains to be said on this subject in addition to what is given
in the report lately published on "The Mineral Resources of tjuebec.''f
The principal mining industries are confined to asbestus, copper and
slate, and of these the more important operations are carried on in areas
described in former repoi'ts and not in that covered by the presenc.
* f;«iology of Canada, 18()3, p. 669; Annual Rt-iiort, Gt-ol. Surv. Can., 1886, vol. II.
'N.S.),23.r. '
+ Annual Report, Geol. .Surv. Can., 1888- 8!l, vol. IV. (N.S,), part K.
••]
ECONOMIC MINERALS.
87 .1
AsheMng. — Several attempts i.. ■ « been made to find ashostus in
workable quantities in the southern belt of serpentine, but hitherto
without success. Among the places examined may be mentioned, the
^lontreal road, a short distance west of Long Lake, where a single
"gash" vein with fibre of a little more than a fourth of an incii
in length was disclosed in a cutting by the roadside. This was ap-
parently the only indication of asbestus at this point. Second, ne.ir
the sliore of Orford Pond, in sindlar small veins of no economic
importance. Third, on lot eight, range seven, J'.olton, where two
openings were made but very little asbestus was seen at either ; smal^
veins, of a fourth of an inch in the widest part and running from two to
three feet iu length, were found, but nothing of si/e sutticient to warrant
further search. Fourth, on the road from Knowlton Landing to Rex-
ford Corner on lot twenty-eight, range seven, j'.olton, when; the indica
tions are eijually untavourable. Fifth, the Jji'onipton Lake mine, on lot
twenty-six, range nine, of Brompton. This locality was visited twice ;
on the first occasion before the commencement of operation by the pres-
ent company and later during the seasitn of 1890 after the expenditure
of a large amount of money on the property. Special interest attached
to this place from the fact that it represented the most southerly of
the large supposed asbestus-producing areas, and promised useful
information as to tha probability of the serpentine masses of the
southern belt containing asbestus in profitable quantity.
The serpentine of this locality is of the hard compact variety andshows
the presence of two kinds of asbestus, the one a black stifi" fibre from a
fourth of a incii to nearly oi' quite an inch in length, in places several
of these small veins being close together. This fibre, from its harsh-
ness, is unfitted for spinning or felting and is, in so far as yet known, of
but small value. The second variety of asbestus is found in small
veins of a fourth to half an inch, of soft whitisii-green fibre with but
little elasticity or tenacity, the containing rock being a hard blackish-
grern serpentine, in places passing into the variety known as diallago.
The indications seen at that time were regarded as veiy unfavourable
for successful mining. Three pits were ojjcned up by the company,
situated on two knolls, of which the southern contains two pits and the
northern one. At the principal pit, the clay covering is very heavy and
the indications noted in the first visit are borne out by the absence of
workable veins of asbestus in any of these. It is not yet known that
any asbestus of value has been obtained here.
The new mining areas north of the St. Francis have already been
referred to. A good deal of money has been spent in exploratory work,
.\nlK'StUN,
Bolton.
J{i(iiiil>tiiii
Lake mine.
88 .1
QUEHEC.
Lake Mcin-
AtiiiiiiK Co.
Huntingdon
mine.
Iron on
tions.
Bog-iron ore,
Ciiromif iron
Anortlio.siti'.
but the quantity of asljestufs so far found is umall and confined to
small veins of short fibre.
C'o/j/jftc— The Lake Meinphreniafjoy Mininj,' Company, after spend-
ing,' a considerable sum in develoi)ment worlc, lias closed down the
mine at the Ho-,''s Back .Mountain for the present, owinj; apparently
to a lack of profitable market for their ore. This is a pyrrhotite
already described in the "Mineral Hesoiirces of Quebec," and nu
further details can here be given of this property.
The old Huntington mine was pumped out during the autumn of
1890, by Messrs. G. H. Nichols &. Co. and .some further underground
exploratory woik cui ried on in the vein of ore, but no details have been
received as to the amount of work done or results obtained.
Iron ore. — The loc dities t^ which iron ore occur have been described
in "The Mineral liesouree.s of Quebec. "* They may, howe\.r-, be
brietly enumerated here. On the west half of lot forty-five, west St.
Arinand, red hiematite and specular schist. Iron ore also occurs on
lots five and seven and north half of lot nine, range nine, and lot nine,
range seven, Sutton ; on lots one and two, range three ; lot five, range
four, and ■,.• lots four, five and six, ranges three and four of lirome ;
on lot tv. ' ;;.i,;: e fourtei-n, Holton, and on lots twenty-one and twenty-
two, ranpj f-ffeon, Orford. The ore in the above-mentioned localities
is soit>'!Un;tv.. j.agnetic, at others specular, and in places contains a
very considvrrble proportion of titanic acid, veaching sometimes as
much as twenty-eight per cent. A deposit of iron pyrites (pyrrhotite)
occurs on lot twenty-eight, range nine, Potton, overlain by a deposit of
bog-iron ore from one to three feet thick. This is on the west side of
the Hog's Back Mountain.
Chromic lro)i, is reported as occurring on lot twenty-six, range'
seven of Bolton, and assays have shown the deposit to be sufiiciently
rich in chromic oxide for shipment. Loo.se pieces have also been
picked up on the west side of Memphremagog Lake, where the serpen-
tines are particularly developed, which have shown a very large percen-
tage of chromic oxide. There is therefore a strong probability that
workable deposits of chromic iron will some day be found in some,
portion of this serpentine belt.
Building xuiterinh.—The anorthosite rocks of the St. Jerome and
New Glasgow areas, are in places largely quarried for paving blocks, for
which purpose their toughness renders them well fitted. They are used
in Montreal, as also are blocks from the syenite rocks of Yamaska
Mountain taken from a quarry on the north-west flank. Similar rock
is quarried largely in the Shefford Mountain and used for building
'•1
ECONOMIC MINKl!AI,M.
89 .r
purposes. A quiury in nepheline syoiate, on the west side of thr
Montreal iJouutain, has ii[-o been worked for some years for road
metal.
Tile I'ot'^diun sandstone, whieh is so l;uj,'ely developed neiu the i'„tH<l»inH«n(l.
New \ irk boundary between lluntinf^don and Hemmin^ford, as well "' •
as alo!i^' the St. Lawrence and tiie lower Ottawa, fornvs an excellent
1 lilding umterial, and is used to some extent in Montreal. The Par-
liameiii and Departmental buildinins at Ottawa an- 1 ' • constructed
from the stone of i.u.s formation. Certain portion -sandstone,
free from iron, are said to be well adapted, when .lied, for glass
making, as in the rock from Williimstown and from certain beds in
Vaudreuil, and it has also been found suited for hearths and linings of
blast-furnaces. The sandstimes of the Siliery formation near Oranby
are also well suited frjr building stone, and in Quebec many of the
large liuildmgs as well as the city wall are constructed fnjin a similar
stone found in the vicinity of the city.
The crystalline limestone of Phillipsburg, has already been referred |>|,illi|Hl.iirK'
to as furnishing an e.xcellent material for construction and for decora- ''"»'*'""•■•
tive purpo.ses, and has been somewhat extensively (|uarried ; while flie
excellence of the limestones of the Trenton, Chazy and lilack River
formations as developed on the islands of Montreal and Jesus has
long been recognized. Extensive quarries in the limestones exist at
various places, such as Mile End neai' Montreal, C6te 8t. Michel,
several points along the Back River, St. Martin's Junction, ik'.
The Silurian and Devonian formations of Memphremagog Lake Meiiiplnciu
furnish certain tlagLTV beds which split out readily and have been used »g"K«l«t.'sau(l
for pavements and flagging generally, being apparently well suited to '*'' '
this purpose.
The syenitic rocks of Yamaska and Brome mountains have been Yaimiskiuuid
quarried to some extent ; that of the former for paving blocks and Jui',','sv,?,iti'"'
the latter for building stone, for which purpose it appears well adapted. ''"^^<-
Quarries in the Chazy limestones of St. Dominique, are also in opera-
tion, and considerable (juantities of apparently excellent building stone
are being shipped from this, place. The two principal quarries St. Dumi
-operating here, in 1890, were owned by the Grand Trunk railway''"*'""'"''
and by Mr. T. H. Howley. The latter, in 1889, put out, with twenty-
five men, about 800 yards of dressed stone. The output from the
Orand Trunk quarry is probably about the same.
At South Stukel}', quarries exist which furnish a crystalline lime- Simtl. Stukely
stone, suitable for building stones, of good quality.from which the church ''""■'"^"''•
at North Stukely was built and at which also the rock is quarried for
111-
UUf.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
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lit I
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jil 12.5
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150mm
/APPLIED 4 IIVMGE . Inc
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i&
!)0 .1
(/IKIIKC.
laiiil sliiti-
i|imirv.
Ilriilll|ltnll
lime burning bv Mr. (MMldur.i, c.f South Stuk.lv. This is on lot
«'iKlit, rnufie twc. of that lAm-v. Mr. r.ft.lmi.cc. of .St.-. Aiuie de
nochcllc, also huiiis litiu! from tho crystalline limestones found on the
roiul on lot thirteen, range ai'ven, North Stukely.
The sl.ite industry of New Rockland is being pushed with tlie usual
vigour, a valuable new l)eneh of slates being rejw.rte.l from the eastern
side of the .|uarry. so that the work will l)e extended at the surface
inst.wl of sinking to a greater depth. The new red or purple slate
'I'"""'")' <'f .'eiikins and i),ivis in Hrompton (iore, was worked to some
extent during the season of l^<91, but waH hindere<l by the lack of faci-
lities for shipment. Th.' h\nU> apfiears to be of excellent .piality. .\
<leposil of slate on lots four and five, range three, of llrome, owned by
Call Mros., .shows smooth greenish slates, in the stream below the woollen
mill on the south branch of the Yamaska River. These are fissile,
but in places are cut by irregular bunches and veins of ipiartz. They
dip north-westerly < S.')-, and are associated with the green chloritic
schists of the lirome area. r.«dges of similar slates occur in the
w«mkIs near the roiul leadinir to .Sweetsburg, about three eighths of a
mile west of this stream. These slates are proliubiy in the low.'st
part of the Cambrian serie.s.
Several of the slate quarries, as at Rankin Hill, east of Actonvale,
Kingsey near the St. Francis River, .Mawcot.k bet w. en (iranby and
Abbottsford, in all which the rock is reddish ami purple, have' been
for vari(.U8 reasons abandoned. The old .Melbo rne or Walton <im«iry,
to the nr.rth-east of the present New Rockland <iuariy, in grayish
slates, has also been dosed for .some years.
Limekilns are found in the Papineau range south of Yamaska
Mountain, where the dark limestone of the Trenton occur.s, and in
the Casimir range, L'Ange (Sar-dien, several miles further south, in
similar lime rocks.
The rock of the (|uarries in Mimtreal Island and on Isle Jesu.s, us
well as St. Domini.pu. have hmg been utilized for this purpose. The
stone used is principally Trenton or Rlack Ri\<.rand the kilns produce
annually a very large quantity of excellent lime.
The nuirine clays of the St. Lawrence Valley, furnish excellent
material for brick n)aking, and several yards are in operation. Kxten-
sive works are found about Mcmtreal, St. .Johns, and on the road
l)etween Actonvale and Roxt(.n Falls, as also on the oad north of
Richmond, alwut half a mile east of the town. Other local kilns have
been in i>iieration of which we have no pret-ent returns.
•Slrttl'M,!
Ilriiiiif.
Hankiii Hill,
Liiiu-kiliiK.
Hiick cliiVN.
r
•1
KCOXOMIC MINKHALS.
91 .1
At r^pmiric, <.p}.,,sitc >r.»nti(>iil, llip Liii.miiie PresHrd Riii-k iiti. I , •,!,,, ,|,,,|,.
'IVini Cotta Company, make us." ..f the ciiish.-d slml.- .if tin- I'ti.ii
formation, ami turn out a lar^.- anioum ..f .-xcellont iMicks. Tlic
cruslicl slat.- ..f tli.« H.Mklaii.l .|iiarry sh.ml.l als.. mako an oxft'llent
niatonal tor this purp..s.", ami prop...sal,s w«'r« maili- several vears a«o
to estulilish works .)f tliis nature in the vicinity. Tlie sdienie lum, liow-
ever, Hpparently Im'.mi aliand.ined for the present.
/''■"/. I/ir;;.' areas of exeelij-nt peat occur in several places, and '''•«• 'l'i«"it!<
s..nie .)f thi'se have I.een .'xtensixfly worked. The lari.'<>st ami m..st
ea.sily accessible d.-posits are pr< 'oaliiy tlios.; ..ii the line of the Cana-
dian I'a.ili.' railway at Ste. Hri^ide, U'tween St. .I.ihns and Farnhum,
and in th.' vicinity of the St. Liwr.-nce. near Valleylleld and H.-au-
liarnois as well as in llunlinf,'<ion. Th- w..rks at St.-. l!ii;,ride ami at
Port Lewis in Uun(in<jd.>n, have heen closed for some yeaift, hut new
proci'.sses ..f in.iimfactiirini,' compr.vssed peat may cause these dej.osits
to he aijaiii iitili/.-d at no di>tant day. Th.- upp.-r portion of these
bogs .should furni.sh an unlimited supply of material for th.- manufac- M"- I'""-
tur<M)f moss litter, now rapidly cniiuf,' into use, and for which ther.-
promise.s to be a very considerable demand.
SIk-U marl, is found in the S.-i^rniory of St. Hyacinth.-, near the f<..)t Sh.ll inuil.
of Yamaska .Mountain, and near the road to Granby and St. I'ie, in a
deposit one foot thick, ex tend in;,' over several acres and covered by a
thin layer of peat. It is also reported from Kits .)m- hundred and
fifty .s.'v.-n and one humired and (iftyei;,'ht St. .\rmand, in a deposit
cnveHna: thirty t.t forty a.res and lutving a depth of seven feet in
places, fii Siansl.-ad also, .in l.tts four anil live, ran;,'i-s ten ami eleven,
it is sai.l to cov.M- an area of twenty acres near the shore of a small
lake and to have a depth of thirty to forty feet. :Marl also occurs in
the Sei;;„i,„y .if Vaudreuil, at Pointo a Cavaf;nol, as well as on the
Island of .Montreal l)etwet-n .M.)ntt.-al and Lachim- and at Thorn-
Itwrryon the west side of .Mount Koyal.
SoapHow, is said to occur in the townshij) of Potton on lot twenty- !^»iipi,t.iiic.
four, ran^i- six, and on lot twenty, range live, the band Ix-ing about
three teet thick. It in found also in It.ilton, lot twenty four, ranire six
and on lot sixteen, ran-;.- live, and l.)t seventeen, range nin.-, ass.i.iat. .1
with magnesite. It is also reported on !<>*., four, range four ; and in
Sutton on lot twelv.-, range .sevi-n. \ band of impun- .soapstone is also
seen in a cutting on the Canadian Pacilic railway, a short distance west
of Orford Pond.
I'otMntii, occurs in a bed, twenty feet thick on lot twenty-six, range I'ot^tnii.v
two, IJoiton. and also on lot twenty-six, range six of Potton.
Ol'
QIKIIKC.
Wliitslollc.
■Miiifnil
waters.
ll7»7^/,„„,- n,u„ls of r.Kk w..|l suited for the ni.inufiicturfl of
vvlu!t.st<.i.i.8 biul ff)rmorly woikwl, (.cc-ur on Whetstone Islfti. !, Mein-
|.hr.inH>;o« b,ke, on lot four, range nine, Htiinstwul ; near the r.^m-
.■i..i of Miissawippi Ijikf on the west side; on lot twenty-three, ran^e
Hi.v, Itulton ; on lot seven, ran^e two, Kingsey, and on lot nine, range
eiifhtein, nrford. Certiiin hands of niicn-schist, assooiateil with the
i-M ks of the Sutton .Mount^iin anticline, should also |jo adapted to the
niiuuifacture of si-ytlie-stones.
Mi,„r„l Springs.— A "sulphur spring" occu.s at iJolton, near th.«
.Mi88is.|uoi Hiver. about four miles west of Knowiton binding, and a
h..t.-l for invalids was erected at this place several years ago. Springs
ais,. occur at Sal.revois, near I'ik.- Uiv<'r village, one of which contains
>alt> ..f strontia and haryta, while another hoi.'s soluble suli.hates.
Somewhat important springs are also found at St. Myncinthe, St. Henoit,
St. Kustache. Ste. Martine, Beauharnois, A-c. The-sehave Ijeen described
in the (Seology of Cttn.ida, pp. .")42 44.
1
V
LAUUKNTIAN AKKA IN M (MTII-WKST COMNKli mF
TIIK SUKKT.
liif I'. If. Aiiaiiis, Afo.S.:, I'h.D.
(iKNEKAI. STATK\IEXT.
TIh' coiitiiiciit ot' Nditli Ainericu, iis is well known, 1ms been Ln.ii. nti,.!,
gnwlually Iniilt up hy an m-cuniuliition of sodimciit iiliout certain very i""'''^''*-
ancient land areas wliieli are known lis its protaxt's. ( M these the
largest and most ini|Mirtant is tlief^rpat northern jHoijixis. whi.h forms
the f,'reater part of northern Canida, havini,' an area of somewhat over
•J,<)0(>,000 s(|uare miles and constituting what Sutss has termed tlio
Canadian shield or lioss.
The Laurentian area which forms the extreme north-west lorner of
the sheet at present under disc. i«,;.n, is a |»ortion of the southern
margin of this great northern protaxis and thus represents a part
of an extrendy ancient land area, from the waste of which the clastic
Palieozuie strata to the south were derived.
The area of these ancient rooks end)raced in the sheet is small.
amounting to alK)Ut 4U0 sijunre miles: it forms, however, part of a much
larger <listricl, stretching to the north heyond the limits of this map.
the geology of nliich has heen worked out, and a map of which, with
full explanatory report, will appear shortly. In the following i>ages,
therefore, m.'iely c, lirief geheral «lescription of that portion of this dis-
trict lying within the limits of the maj) accompanying the pre-
sent report will he given, leaving the more detuile<i discussion of the
di.strict as a whole, and the many problems which it presents, for the
fuller report which will appear later.
In the aspects of its relief, this I^uurentian country is sharply ciiaia.t., of
marked offfion-. the plains, underlain by the Palieozoic which Iwund '"""".'•
it on the south. Ft is a somewhat uneven plateau, the edge of w liicli
when viewed from th(> plains appears as a range of hills running in a
north-east and south west direction. The i)lateau slopes gentlv to the
south-east from an average elevation of almut 1000 feet al)ove sea-level
at the north-west corner of the map, to about 4.'50 feet alwve sea-level
along the edge of the plain.
The depressions in its surface are generally filled with drift, form-
ing extensive flats, in which are many picturestiue lakes of clear water
94.1
gL'BBRC.
m
r !.
■'ill
Twdilu isloii
fJrciivilli
HericH.
tlio Iftiyest \H-\nn r.ak.. I.AihiKati in the towi.sliip .,f Kilkenny. Four
rixns His., cn.vs it, i,ani..ly tl... .North Hiv,-,-, tlu- Kivor L'Ach'igan, ti.e
Wftint Ksprit ami tim I^^ic Ouiireau ISivi'i-.
Til.. Iiin<ls,a|„. „f this Luiiviitian ..-..untiy is of ii pronounced ty|ie
whi.h, uhil.' I(i.kin«<.n ..m^ hiui.l th<. j;iun.i.'ur ami siil,lii„ity .,f high
in..unt,iii, ivgions and ..n tl... ..tl.-r tl... trai..|uil Imauty „i thi. well
cultivafd l..whin.ls, has a cortnin lugg...] I«.auty of itH own, ...specially
when clotluKl with tlio brightly coloured foliage of autumn.
The ar..a is about e.pially divi,l..,| l„.tw,.,.„ tj,,. ro.ks ..f the T^iur..n-
tian system an.l intrusions of um,rthosit.. whi.h break through tlie.se.
The Uurentian consists ..f r.Hl and gniy orili.,cIasegnei.sse.H, pres,.nting
great variati.)ns both in Htructure and e.,miM,siti.)n. with which are
associate.1 .rystallii.e iiuM-stones. .|iiarl/il..s an.l am|.liibolit..s. These
rocks ..fi,.M.«Mur in the form of ban.ls or b..<ls alt.inating with on.-
am.th..r, but in .som.. places the bamling is r.|.la....l by a m..r.. or less
distinct f..liation .!u.^ t.. a parallel arrangement of the in.l'vidual
grains .,f tl... vari..us c..,istitu..nfs which g.. to mak.^ up tl... rock.
Moth structures are oft..n foui.d in the same nnk. ami when thus
ocur.ing t..geth.>r they coincide in direction. In order that a purely
.ibject.v,. attitude may be pres, rv..,I, the t,.rm ban.l, rather than In-d
" •' '"y"'' '" ""-• r'<«cnt r..p..rt, tt... latt.r t..r>n b-ing usually
associated with the i,l..a ..f a sedimentary origin, which, how,.ver
pn.babl... for c.-rtain parts at l...ist, of the pr...s..nt .listrict, cannot
be .•..nsidered by any means .us demonstrate.! for the system as a
whole.
In many other parts of tl... Uurentian, two .livisions can be
recgnizcl in the .system, nam.-ly, an upp,.r seri.-s .•lmract..riz..,l by
tl... ..re.s,.nce oi crystalline lim..ston..s, quartzit..s an.l gnejs.ses. having
tlu! chemical composition of ..itlinary s..diments as well as a pre-
l-onderatiiig l)anded structure, which is call...! th.. (irenville series
from a town.shij) of that name in the County ..f .\rgenteuil where it
IS well developed, and a lower series of gn<.isses much nmre monoton-
ous an.l uniform in character, in which are no limestones, Ac, and
which possess a f.,liated rathe.- than a lmn.]..d structure. This latter
series is known as the Fundamental Gneiss, and in many ca.scs closely
resembles igneous rocks.
In the area at piesent under discussion the two series cannot be so
clearly distingui.shed. Certain parts of the area can be recognized as
belonging to the Grenville seri..s, a.s, for instance, the extreme e.isterly
portion lying to the .south of Rawdon and the westerly portion in the
St. Sauveur district. Other portions, as much of the St. Jerome
•■]
LAIHKNTIAN AflKA.
05 .1
iny. Four
uliigAi), thu
jiichJ ty|w
ty iif high
>!:' tho well
, <'speciiilly
iip Ljiuri'ti-
'U;,'h thc'«c.
present iiig
wliich are
e.«*. These
If with one
ire or iesH
iiidlvidudl
tlie rock.
A'lien thus
It II purely
timii hed,
ig usually
, however
I't, cannot
Item lis a
i-s eim Im?
terized hy
ew, having
ns a j>re-
ille series,
I where it
inonoton-
I, ifec, and
'his latter
tes closely
lot be so
gnized us
e easterly
ion in the
i. Jerome
district, huN the appi.aran.e rallw-rof the Kundaniental (ineiss. It has |
been found ini|».ssil,|,., however, to separate the two series and delimit '
them on the niap.
IJreakinit throu-th tin- ynei-^ses are t • mwism) ot' anorthosite. an
intrusin- rock hel m-ing to the yaliDn. <lass, |,ut rharaeteri/i-d hy a
great i.repoiidenini.e of pla«ioelave felspar. Of these the two
largest, comprising jHirtions of the townships of AlM-rcromhie and Kil
kenny rcspc,tiv<.|y, are nally portions of a single very large area,
which extends t4. the north west iwyonii the limits <.f the map, and has
a total area of alx.ut lUOO s.|uar.> miles. This is known as the Morin
anorth.xite area, and is i-udely circular in sliajie. Th.- anorlho-ite
occurring in the noith-west corner of the pr.-ent sheet, including the
township of A'-MMcroudue, is a portion of I lie Miuthern extension of the
nuiss, while the anorthosite in the Kilkenny district is the extrenntv
of a large spur, which starting from tlu^ eastern side of the mass
runs south, following the strike of the gneiss, and (inally passes
beneath the llat-lying Pala-ozoic strata of the plains, being at its '
southern extremity split in two longitudinally by a wedge of gneiss
which runs up into it.
Six miles to the north of the limit of the present sheet, these two \
masses of anorthosite 'come together and pass into one another, and
tlu'y will, therefore, be tn-ated of as one and the same mass, which
they really are.
The other two aiias, situattd about St. .I.roiiie and in the (i-.re of
Chatham respectively, are niiich smaller and less im[M)rtant.
The>e anorthosite masses are now known to be intrusive. Owiti"
to the fad that in some places they possess a more or h'vs distinct
foliation coinciding with that of the gneiss through which thev cut
Logan and the other early Canadian geologists who first examined the
area, thought that they, togetlier with a portion of the associated
gneisses and crystalline limestones, formed a .merits of stratitiwi
rocks distinct from and rejxtsiig upon the (irenville series. This sup-
posed upjier series was, therefore, termed the I'pper Laurentian, and
the anorthosites were considered to be its most cliaractcM'istic members.
The name Xorian was also proposed by Sterry Hunt for tho.se roi^ks,
owing to their petrographical losemblance to tho no rites of Scandin-
avia, which rocks are now also recognized as intrusive. Although
intruded through the Laurentian at a time long preceding the Pots-
dam, the appearance «)f these anorthosites antedated at least the
termination of the great earlh'movements which affected the Lauren-
tian in pre-Potsdam times, so that they have lieen scjueezed and foliated
together with the gneisses through wliich they cut.
uiiiliiini'iiliil
111 is!,.
iMiitli>»ili'.
Of) .1
(;t'KIIKC.
till' I'nliiMi/.uii
On the upturnwl mlgps „f th.'sc (i.M-|,ly cn.d.Mi Archi.-.in rocks, both
• UneiH8(in(Iiin.)illi„Hit«,tlieP()tN.luiiiwi,(l«t()i..'iiiul..tl..-iCaml.ro Silurian
'■'"■•«'* ""'I '" "''t litul un.listurlK.,1 \mU At some iK.inlH hIomk the
.■«!«<! of llio protuxis, as at Si. Caiiut, U, tin- west of St. J.-.r. ..nc, the
I'i>ts.lain sandstone is ohst-rved resting upon th.- gnriss ; l,ut as the
plains ar.. for the most part m-intlod with drift the actual contact is
not in all ca«.-s seen, s<i that the Paln.(,zoi>. ..xi«)sur.>s uoar.-st to the
Laurcntian. in sonii; j.lac.-s tonsist r.f the niaf{n.sian limestone of the
Caleiferous, ns to the south of St. Jen.me, or even of the Trenton
limestone, as lietween New (Jlasffow and Ste. Julienne.
A Nmalloutlierof these Paheo/oic rocks .KTurs on the thini and fourth
ranges of the township of .MRMcromhi.', al.out nine miles north of the
edge of the j.n.Ui.xis, and proves tiiat the I'alieozoie strata once ex-
ten.l.^1 .•onsideral.ly further to the north than they do at present,
althougii this outlier probably does n<.t by any means mark their
northerly limit.
The Palieo/oic strata cover up the gneisses and anorJiosites alike, and
are (.vidently of nm.h more recent age, l)eing separated from the
Liiurenlian by th.- long interval occupied in the upheaval and erosion
of tlio Laurentian area. How long l)efore I'pper Cambrian times
this folding aii.l er..sion t.M)k place cannot be det<>rmined from a study
of this area, but investigations in „ther portions of the miirgin of the
protaxis makes it very pn.bable it took place in pre Cambiilm times.
(illciHH.
THE I,AURK\TIA\ PROHKIt.
This great system consists, as has been stated above, of ortlioclase
gnei.ss, presenting many varieties b..th in form and composition, alter-
nating and interbanded with plagioclase gneisses, crystalline limestone,
<|uart/ite, amphilM>lite and other <rystalline rock.s.
Tliese rocks present many transitional forms. Thus bands of quartz,
ite, holding more or less orthoclase, repres.-nt varieties intermediate
l)etween true <|uartzites and quartzose gnei.sses. Crystalline limestones,
again, in certain places become very impure, owing to the presence of
grains of various silicates, ami may thus Iw classed as calcareous
gneisses.
Orthoclase gneiss preponderates largely, and would, if the crystal-
line schists were classified in the same detail as the intrusive .ocks be
separated, owing to variations in its composition, into a numlier of
varieties, equivalent respectively to the various orthoclaatic intru.
sive rocks, as well as the various transitional members between these
IIU.]
I-ArHESTIAN AKEA.
97 J
and tlio i.l.i«i„cl.wo HH-ks of tho .liorif an.l g.ihl.r.. f,nnilio8. A rom-
mon olmr,ut,.ri.tio ,.f all tla-s.- ..,th.«.|ase «,hm8«.8 in the ,,rt.He,K,. of a
l..»..h..« uitoli.vtio,, wlu.i, ,„ay U- an.l ..ft..,, is as wlj pr.,n..un...,l as
tl». lain.nati.m of any s..,li„u-ntaiy ro,!*, I...I wind., o„ th.- ..ilu-r Land,
in soin.. cams I. so indistinct that it can ..niv ho .h-fcted by tho ex-
.uninat..,n of !«.«,. weathernd surfaces. Son.o of tho kikmshos aro
hiKhiy aci.l. ..-onsistin- ..ssontinlly of ,|ua,t/ an.l ..rthoclaso f,.|,|s,,ar
Mom .,t tlHM.., however, cntain in a.l.lition a .•onsideiHhlu .mantity
of iMot.to or hornhlcn.!,. whi thcrs. .,win« to the presence of a .on-
sideral.le |.ro|..,rtio„ .,f pla^-i.-clas.- as w.ll as of hornl.len .r pyr-
oxene, wiih ,1 .•orr..>pon.!ing din.imition in tho ainoui.i of .martz
present, are pn.perly classed aH h:isic gneisses.
.Many ..f tho hasi.- gneisses are closely related to and as«wiale.l with
the an.irthosit<> masses.
•Many of these gneisses differ in no way in c.n.position fmn, igneous
rocks. riMs is ...specially tru.. of those which from their uniform
character an.l absence of all «.ss.H..iate.l lim,.ston..s, ,,uartx.ites, ..tc ar..
referable t.. the Fun.lan.ental (Jneiss n.lhrr than to the {;renvill,.s,.rieM
alth,.ugh many gnei,ss..s in th.. Grenville seri.-s bel.mg to this class a.s
well. Th..segnei.ss..s usually show in a n.ark.-.l mann..r what is known
.us a cata.^last.c stru.-tur... pr.Kiuc...l by the mechanical breaking ,lown
of the ..riginal web of th,. crystalline r..ck, by n,ov,.n..>„ts induce.1 by
great pressure, which m.,vements cau.se in th.- .-o.k a foliation or
panill..l arrang..ment .,f constituents m..re or less distinct, accor.ling
to the.r n.tensity. In this way a ..oarse-grain...! granite n.ay Im con
verte,l hrs( „.to an augen-gneiss, and (u.ally int.. a ve- • finely foliated
gnei8.s in which all tho origimd .,uartz grains havo t.. ' ,nu of thin
loaves. This structur.- is also r..markably moII s.-on in th, anortlmsite
HI m.,st places wh.Mo it occurs in this ar.m, an.l will Ik3 n,..roparti.„lar-
ly describ,.,! u. treating of tl.is n.ck. Many of these gn.'i.sses. at li-fist
wer.. onginally ..f ign..,.us, probably .,f intrusive, origin. KxampU.s of
these a,e abuntlant in that part ..f the ar..a lying between St. Coluinban
and St. J.'.romo an.l b.-twe,!n this latter place and Ste. Sophj...
In ..rder to ascertain the chemical composition of a typical gneiss .jf
tins ..lass, Logan's typic ,1 Fundamental (Jneiss from Tr..mbling Mou.,-
tain was selected. An analysis of it is given under No. 1
Soiiii' |ir.ili-
nlilv I if i^ii,..
oiH oritfiii.
AimlvNiH.
I
Others prol)
alily (if scili-
iiH'iitiiry
t)i'i(fiii.
'"* •' QUBUEC.
I. TI.
itMCIHM, lillAMTK.
Tifriililiinr Mt. Ciirliiitffonl.
^i"'" <l»/.'4 :(C4M
■^'""''"« Uh:i H-24
Fi-rrii' oxiilc. . -j-hj} jj.-^
.Mnii)(aiioiiM oxiilt' ^.i
•''""• •.'•10 I 48
MiiKiioHiii .))7 40
■'''"Irt 4;«l aiMi
''"'|»«'» 4.:»;i 4-M
LoKtt oil igiiii joii •-() I .j^jj
lH»..-)<i i»i(s:{
Tiitiil iilkHlii'» Hiw ;.)y
It tonus aliiKwt th»^ J'litjro mass of Tivmhlinj; Mountain, n Ionfjri(J«e
rising on the east sidf of TitMiil)lin« I^ikc to a lici;,'iit of 2r)00 feot and
foniiinj; the liighest |)uint in the UurentiHiis of this part of Canada.
Th«! mountain does not occur within tlio area einliracfd by tin- present
Hhoet, but lies alKiut twenty miles to the north west of its north western
corner. The rock, however, resombleH closely that occurring at a number
of points in the Laurentian area of this sheet. It is rather a fine-grained
gneiss, uniform in chaiacter and is under the micro8co|H; plainly seen to
l)e a crushed or granulated hornblende granite. The analysis sliows it
to jMissess a chemical coni|)osition (juite jlifferent from that of the
otijer gneisses and slates described below. The silica is high but the
alumina comparatively low. The alkalies are also high, while the
lime preponderates largely over the magnesia.
The composition is that of an ordinary .granite. The analysis of a
granite from the Carlingford District in Ireland, by Haughton, given
under No. II., will serve to emphasize this identity.
The com|)Ositi(m of most, if not all the gneis.sea belonging to the lower
or Fundamental Gnei-ss, could be paralleled among the true igneous
rocks.
The greatest variety in < haracter is foun i among the gneisses oc-
curring in the vicinity of the limestone Iwinds. Here the gneisses are
usually garnetiferous and often contain sillimnnite, graphite, ru tile,
pyrite, and other accessory minerals, the last mentioned mineral when
pre.sent causing the rock to weather in a very rusty manner. These
rusty gneisses are not found except in association with the limestone
bands and it is the exception to find the limestone unaccompanied by
them. '
tiU.]
I.Al'KKNTIAN AHKA.
ya .1
Owing to the peculiar diameter of tliette Hevoral Km-iwiei and their
continiKms aswKiution with tiie lini.'stoneH and with Uniisof quart/ite,
which i-oiku ar." ..•.•rtiiinly not of JKni-ouH oriKin, hut uiv met with in
all highly nietaniorphosed Hi'<linientaiy Nt-ries, it wan lK'lie\i-.| that
Home evi(l..nce might Iw ohtaininl, pointing to a w.linienUiry origin in
th« caw of these gneisses alw). A large numher of them were then-
fore carefully exaniine<l.
Under the micnwcope tlie«« do not show the catadastic structure
usually piesented hy the cruahe<l and granulaU-d iKncnius roclcM of the
Bynteni. They seem to have recrystallized un.ler the inlliience of the
pressure which ha^ served to crush these other rocks. They are, jiow-
ever, n..w completely crystalline, no clastic material can he tletected in
them, although the character and arrangement of the constituent min-
erals is often suggestive of the metamorphose*! r..cks found in granite
C()nt4»ct zones. The (juart/ites also, which are very fre.|uentiy associated
with these gneisHcH and which sehlom «jccur elsewhere, do not, under
the microscolM^ afford anything which could lie taken as condusive
evidence of a clastic origin.
Important evidence, however, bearing on their origin was obtained
from a study of their chemical com|)osition. Four typical representa-
tives of these gneisses were selected ami analysed.
The analyses are given in the accompanying tables, together with Kvi,i..„c..fn„„
analyses of three slates for purposes of comparison. ( )nly (.ne of these chrmi'aTcnii'I!
gneisses. No. V., is taken from the Uurentian area actually embraced '""""'""•
in this sheet, the others however come from the continuation of this
area innnediately to the north. Analy.ses Nog. II., V., VII. a,„| yuj
were made for me by Mr. Walter C. Adam.s, and analysis No. I. was
ma<le by .Mr. Nevil Norton Evans, Lecturer in Chemistry in Mc(!ill
University. To ), - gentlemen I desire to acknowledge my great in-
debtedness,
I. Gndss from St. Jean de Matha, province of Quebec. A tine-graine<J
garnetiferous sillimanite-gneiss, containing also much <|uartz
and orthoclase. Graphite and pyrite are also present, the latter
causing the gneiss to weather to a very rusty colour. It occurs in
thick bands interstratified with white garnetiferous quartzite, the
whole lying nearly flat.
II. Gneiss from the west shore of Treml)ling Uke, province of Que-
bec. A fine-grained dark-gray gneiss composer! of quartz and
oithoclase with much biotite, and containing little white streaks
which were evidently at one time continuous little bands. These
are composed of sillimanite. Garnets appear here and there in
100 J
•n'BHKC.
Mi('r(>wii|ii<'ii|
Htnii'ture.
tiM ilaikor |K)itioii „f tho nnk. It occurs n.-ar a hand of crystal-
line liiiiestoii.. whioh .M-ctii-ii-N tli« Ik>(I «.f TremliliriK Ij^U'.
III. All .iidiiimy riKiflnu slat.. ri„m Wal.-s. Aimlvscd by T. Sterry
Muiit. (IMiil. .M.iK., 1851, ,,. i>;j7.)
IV. A Himikr r.M,(inK MJat.. .,f Cmihriuii aKo, fmm tho huK.- quarries
in the t..wiis|,i|, ..f .M..|l„,unn', in tlic soutiiirn portion of the
pi-ovinr.. of (im>\H'c. AnalyMHl l>y T. Sterrv Hunt. {Gvnluny of
Canada, IMII.'J, |.. (iOO.)
V. (JncisH from Darwin'H KhIIm near tlie village of Haw.jon, rangt) V.
of the township of Hawdon. province of l^uolwc. It is a highly
<|u.irt/.).s« jrarn.'tif.'r<ius jrii.iss and .Ncurs in w,.|| d.-fiiifd hands
intcrstratitif<l with .juart/it.', which is often hij,dily pirnrtifcrouH,
th«» Imnds iK-in^ from a few inches to several feet in thickness.
VI. Red slate from near Tinzen in the district north of the KuKudine,
Switzerland. Highly Hili,.e(.us, <-ontainini; i»ll' per cent of silica
as quartz. ( Voin Kath, Z. d. O. (.J., \H')7, p. L'4l'.)
VI I. (Jneiss, h.t 20, rnn^e VII. of the township of Uawd.m. (ineiss
compowl essentially of malacolite, scajM)lite and orthoclase, and
holding a considerahle amount of «niphite and of pyiite. Wea-
thers very rusty. Occurs in well .jefi,,,.,! hands, interstratified
with a grayish-weathering «arnetiferous gneiss.
The four gneisses I., II., V. and VII., show no catadnstic structure,
but when exauiim-d with a micr-scope seem to ha\o umlergone com
plete recrystidlization under the pressure to whi.-h they have Is-en sub-
jected, no signs of crushing being now visible in the thin sections.
The analy.ses show that the first three of the.se gnei.sses have the
composition of slates. Nos. I. ami II. have the composition of ordinary
rfK.ting slate, as will be seen by comiwrin;; these, analy.ses with analyses
III. and IV., and are quite different ii> composition "from any igneous
rock. The high content in alumina, the low percentiige of alkalies
and th<' great preponderance of magnesia over lime, characteristic of
slates will iK> noted.
No. V. is a gnei.xs which is so highly quartzose that it might almost
be terine<l an impure quartzite, and also has a com{M)sition diflering
from that of any ignef)us rock, but one which is identical with many
highly .siliceous slates. No. VI. is such a slate from the Engadine
district in Switzerland, and is, as will he .seen, almost identical in
composition with No. V. Siliceous bands from the Canadian slate
(juarries also have a similar composition. The alumimi here is low
on account of the preponderance of quartz, which also lowers the con-
'"••J I.AfUKNTIAN AUKA. 101 .1
tpnt of ftlkiilics. Th" iimgiifsia |>i«»|M(mliTiit»-s nvortlic limn us Ix-foin.
N«i. VI. |i)Ht 1 IfJiMr cent on iKiiiti.m iH't'orc iiniilyHiH, iiml lliiw liguivH
do not tlioi'i't'on* Hppnui- in tln' unnlyHiH tw givi-n iUjovo.
VimlvHii. iif
, '• "• "I. IV. V. \i, VII. "••iliiiH'iitmy
«iNK.|X». liNKIMI. .Sl.vTK. .'SLATK. < i N Kl**. I Ml. VTK. liNKI"*. tflU'i"*-'.
■ le M. Ukf. ""'•■"• i„,„,.„.. I<'>w,l..n. Ii„/..|,. |!„«,|,,„.
silua . ni im .-,7 (Ml (Ml .->o lu -jo ;» 70 ' 71M17 ' .-,4 h!»
litanit' oxiilc I (Ml ^.^^^
Alniiiiim |» 7;i -22 K\ I'li '70 Hl'iio' h hn s tii' |;i ii7
■■,'*'''"• """'V )l tl4 [ « (Kl ■ \ X,
»fni>iij...\i.lr I 1)0 7 74 7 h;i 4 •_>;» I i
F"ii>hiil|ilii(lr I ;t;i ' .'.', I 4 4;i
M'li'iiiiHiixiiU' time. li-iuT. tlaiT. ."HI (l'*
'''""■•. •■<•"' lit! I I--' 7:1 107 '7tii r> •'\
•V",>"' '•• I**' ■■'•■'« •-'•-'•' .1 !tl I H7 I .V.' » To
•^;"'" "" ••«• •-••-'"• .1 07 4-.' iM I II.-,
""""••' -•'•*' ■"' 7--' .'MM ■.{ J>\ 11.-, ..>;«, N.;,4
l.<iH«(.iMj{iiit. I sr r.-m ;» .10 .1 »•_. 10.-, (•_' 7iit)
„ "" •"' II"" 77 loo 0.S <l!l li.-, im OK IIHI 44 IINI )N>
lotaiuiki.lllH .-{ Ill ,i ;{0 - ;,^ ,;.,., |..,. ^,.^ ^ n^.j^j
Tlif fouitli of tli.'se j,'neis.scs, .\„. VII., differs cntiii'ly from tlio
otln-rs. Tilt! low rontciit of (iluniiiia, coinljincd willi low siliiii, the
liigli iilkulit's iiiul the lUfiioiniciaiict' of linn- ovtjr mii>,'iif.sia niiirk it off
118 (luitp (ii.stint't from the slates and jKii.-i.sses just eonsiiU-iod. If it Ije
ail ait.K'd .scdiiiiciit it is oiin wliieli lias siiffiTod very little Icftcliiiis,'
during deposition, and must liavn been of tli.. nature of a tuffaceou^
deposit, or one formed from the rapid disintejjration of an i'lneous rock
haviiif,' the eomi(ositioii of a basic trachyte or syenite. It is, there-
fore, a rock which, so far as its com]>osition is concerned, might be
either an altered .sediment or an altere<i igneous rock ; and it is impos-
sible, conseipiently, to draw from its chemical comjK.sition any definite
conclusions as to its origin.
In the ease of those gneis.ses, then (Nos. T., TT., V. and VII.,) whose
stratigraphieal relations and niicroseopicd character suggest a sedimen-
tary origin, t\w lirst three have the composition of slates, that is to
say, of clay ; in the ease of .\o. V., of clay mixed v.ith sand, while in
the case of No. VII., no definite conclusion can be drawn. To .sum up,
therefore, it may be said concerning the gneis.ses of this clas.s, that:
(1) their association with numerous and heavy lieds of limesttme and
quartzito ; (2) their prevailing bande<l character, accompanied by a
•Water. " ~
fWatJT iiiid tfraiihite(by difrcrt-nce.)
102 J
QUEHEC.
<iuartzitc.
Ainiiliiboliti
Limestone.
St. Sauvtnir.
very extensive recrystallization ; (3) the frequent occurrence of graphite
n .11 rock,s of the elas« and (4) the fact that the gnei.ses of thislhls!
la e „. n,„„y ,, ^ ,^^ composition not of igneous rocks hut
of .an Is and muds con.hine to n.ake it extremely probable that we
have u, the ease of many of these rocks at least, extremely altered
terms of very ancient sediments.
The .ju.rt^ite occurs in well-defined bands, in the vicinity of the
hmestonos It .s sometimes quite pure, consistin, of translucent or
t ansparent vUreous quart., but frequently holds garnet, silli„.,.„ite or
other rmnerals It is well seen at Darwin's Falls and elsewhere, near
U.e ullage of H,uvdon, as well as all through the Laurentian d strict
to the .south of that place. Amphibolite is a common rock, occurring
1.1 association with the gneisses in all parts of the area, but usually in
comparatively ..mall amount. It is dark or nearly black in colour,
and IS seen under the microscope to be composed essentially of plagio-
c ase felspar and dark-green hornblende. The latter mineral occasFon-
ally holds a core of pyroxene, suggesting that the rock was originally
a gabbro or diabase. 'o'"""/
• These amphibolites usually occur as bands in the gneiss and are not
onhned to the limestone districts, and where the gneiss can be seen
to have been greatly stretched or rolled out under the influence of
pressure these amphibole bands can invariably be observed to have
been pulled apart into separate pieces, showing that under such
pressure they are less plastic than the orthoclase gneiss.
The limestones are coarsely crystalline marbles, white or nearly so
in colour, .sometimes neariy pure, as in portions of the band near St
feauveur or the occurrence on lot 10 of range VII., of Kilkenny ; but
at other times very impure, as in much of the New Glasgow band the
impurities consisting of grains of quartz, pyroxene? phlogopite
graphite and other minerals disseminated through them. So much of
his area is occupied by anorthosite intrusions, that the limestones are
less abundant than usual in districts underiain by the Grenville
series. "' ^"v.iic
As these limestones, however, are important members of the series
on account of genetic considerations, as well as owing to the light they
throw on the strat.graphical relations of the series as a whole, the
several occurrences will be specified.
Commencing on the west, there is limestone lying immediately to
the west and north-west of the village of St. Sauveur. This is the
most extensive development of Laurentian limestone in the area. It
for the most part, underiies a low, undulating drifted tract of country
I.AURENTIAN AUKA.
10.1 .1
and is associated with basic, often rusty-weathering gneisses. To tlie
north it is cut oil by the Morin anorth(.site, whose southern hniit here
appears as a high and abrupt cliff crossing the country. Tiie limestone
has at several points been soinewiiat extensively ((uairied for the pro-
duction of lime, having been burned at intervals for many years— the
fact of its being a limestone having been pointed out to the inhabitants
by Logan in the early years of the (Jeological .Survey. It is stated
to form a very strong lime, but one which from the presence of grains
of various silicates disseminated through it, is nu-re or less un]myK,
and whidi is thus suitable for rough masonry work rather than for
interior finishing.
Further south in the augmentation of Mille Isles, similar limestone
occurs again, and was supposed by Logan to form a continuati»)n of
the same band as that exposed near St. Sauveur.
Another occurrence limestone, which, however, is small and St. .r. .■.,..,.■.
unimportant, is that on i„.d west side of the North Hiver near St.
Jerome. It is seen crossing the road which runs down the west side
of the river, a short distance from the town, while blocks of it may be
observed at intervals in the fields to the south of the road. Further
south, the strike would carry it across the North Hiver where it
would be covered up by the Palaw.oic rocks. It does not appear,
however, on the banks of the river, nor could any continuation of it
be found to the north.
A more important development of limestone, in the form of a band v,,..,.i.
ich, althougli It can be traced several miles, is still comparatively
thin and impure, is found a short distance to the west of the village
of New Glasgow, being exposed in the bed of the River Jordan near
the edge of the Pah.-o/oic. From this point it can be traced in a
direction a little east of north, skirting along the edge of the great
anorthosite mass which occupies this part of tlie sheet, as far as the
third range of Kilkenny, a di.stance of about six miles, where it is
lost sight of. If it holds the course as above described, it would bo
cut off by the anorthosite a short distance to the north of the point
where it is last exposed.
An isolated occurrence of a fine white crystalline limestone is also Kiikn.t.v
found on lot 10 of range 7 of Kilkenny, where it forms a low ridge
about 100 yards wide, running north-and-south.
In the northern half of the township of Kawdon, beyond the limits ,( ^^^,
of this map, there is a heavy band of crystalline limestone running '"' ""'
through the township from north to south. The southern portion of
the township where underlain by the limestone is, however, so heavily
104 J
yUEUEC.
drift-covered that but few expc^sures are to be seen On the 4f h ™
^=:fr:x;:;:/r:--:r::^
so. the l„„esto„e band i. greatly din^inished in size to the 1!^-
ii
i
ITS:
Amiitliiif,it(
iiitrusioiis.
Moi-iii iiiior
tliositc.
EffectH of
pivsmire.
TIIK ANORTUOSITE IXTUUSIONS.
cortr'of I;::" ."■7*!°"^'^ '^'?--' -^bout one-half of the Laurentian
eZt on '" '' '"■"'"'' ''' '"^''"^^'""^ "^ anorthosite. Four
namely, the plagioela.se felspar, whid. is so abundant thVt i of" n
."akes up the entire rook. The other constituents are n,n clinic and
.o.nb.e pyroxenes and ilmenite. No olivine has been found in ny of
the areas on this sheet. The rock is nsnnllv "' J" any ot
•structure beinc. esneciallv weU 1^ "^ '" S""'""' '*«
... * ' Z ^''P^^'''"^ ^^«'' seen on the large weathered roche
" outonnee surfaces. In its normal condition the rock has a" rani to W
•struc ure and is de.p violet, ahnost black, on a fresh f cU^ S
anorthos.te .n that portion of the area occupying the ext e .e no th
^u.t corner of the .sheet, in the townships o^M^^rin and Zfo" as
exposed along the road an.i railway between Ste. Adele Tn Le
Aga te, shows these characters. The sa„,e is true o m cl of t e
anorthos.te beyond the limits of the sheet to the north. The rest o
the Morm anorthosite embrace.l within the liniits of the sheet .^re
sent.penpheral portions of the mass and con.sequen 1^ s ws n a"
nmrked nuvnner the effects of the great pressure to which t le w?o'e
area was subjected before the depo.sition of the Potsd u Th s
eff e of th.s pressure is the production of a brecciate.l structur n t
a o t|,os, e, especially well seen on large weathered surfaces about Se
JU guen e and elsewhere in the eastern part of the township of Wax
of he I •;';-"'^*«';'^t'--ture is produced by the partial gn.nulation
o tie t , ' •■""'*'''' "''' '^''"^•^^'"^ '' ^-«'-''« of Piagiocl s or
of the other constituents of the rock, embedded in a .species of .round
ia.ger indu duals. The breccmt.on being accompanied by a n.ovement
of e rock m some definite direction, develops I streaked o. i e!I
banded structure. A very remarkable fact in connection with the
*•]
LAUHKNTIAN AKKA.
105 .1
development of this structure is that wherever the nwk beeoine.s «rn.m-
lated It beconu-s mucii lighter in colour. This can be observed even in
nncroscopiciil sections, when the phenoniena is seen to be duo t.. the
disappmiiuKo of the <iark dust-like inclusions which give to the f.-lspar
Its dark colour, wherever the mineral becomes broken up or'yranulated,
and so uniformly are these two processes connected, that it is always
possible to predict when examining a thin section under the microscope,
just how much of the rock has beenjrranulat.Ml by observing its ••olour
before usin- p .hui/ed li-ht, by which the extent of the granulation is
at once n.ade visible. So common is the granulatir.n throughout the
area, that even in the most massive and granitoid specimens of the
anorthosite, traves of it can usually be found.
When the ..flrcts of pressure are more marked, as close to the ,.-„|j.„| „
edge of the area or anywhere in the most easterly development of the 'v-'nl'mllv
anorthosite in the townships of Kawdo.. and Kilkenny, the granulation """""'*-'•
become, much more pronounced and a progressively larger proportion
of the rock b..eomes granulated. This is accompanied bv the passage
of the streaked structure into a distinct and often perf.-ct foliation
whirl, coincides with the foliation of the surroumiing gneiss, and by a
bleaching of the rock, until in the varieties showing an advanced stage \
ot granulation only a few small dark remnants of th.- original coars..|v
crystalhne plagioclase individuals remain, like augen in an augen-gneiss
embedded in a mass of finely granulated plagioclase, often so white that
at a distance the rock cannot be distinguished from marble. T/iis
variety is well seen about New Glasgow, where it has been extensively
(luairied for paving stones which are used in Montreal. It is also well
seen along th(> contact near the east end of Lake L'Achigan, gradually
becoming dark in colour towards the west end of the lake about St
Hippolyte.
The anorthosite undergoes no change m chemical composition durin"
the granulation above described -the process, as studied under the
microscope, appears to be a purely mechanical one. It is thus quite
different from that commonly observed and which has been described
by Lehman and others in the case of sheared gabbros. In all cases of
shearing hithert.j described, the pyroxenes under the inHuence of the
pressure are altered to hornblende, while the plagioc ase is often
altered to saussurite, the resulting rock being an amphibolite not a
gabbro. There is reason to believe that the movements which affected
these anorthosites took place when the rock was deeply buried and
probably also very hot, perhaps near its fusing point.
Although, in most places, the :\Iorin anorthosite comes against the n . , k
gneiss without producing any perceptible alteration, at some parts of its '
1U6 J
QUEBEC.
u
circurnferpncp, especially north-east of Echo Lake, wl.ere the contact
crosses the townships of Abercr..r..l.ie a.ui Kilk-enny, a rather mas-
sive, dark, heavy rock, rich in hisilicates and often hoKlin;; a little
•luartz and some iintwinned felspar, borders the area and may be a
contact prwluct of some kind. The iK.undary of the typical ano.thosite
against this rock is usually pretty sharp, but the latter passes gradually
into the gneiss of the district. This intervening rock, however, has in
the main the composition of gabbro, so that it becomes difficult to
decide whether it represents a peculiar and abnormal, possibly altered,
form of the gnei.ss or a contact phase of the anorthosite.
Cl..se to the edge of the easterly development of the Morin anorthosite
at New Glasgow, and running north for about six miles in a direction
very nearly parallel to that of th.. limestone band in the gneiss just
Ulack gal.l.>,.. west of the contact, is a band of a peculiar gabbro nearly black in
colour, which protrudes through the drift in a series of great roche
moutonnee bf)sses, contrasting in a marked manner with the white
anorthosite through which it cuts. The band is narrow.and innnediutely
to the north of New Glasgow sends out an arm about a (juarter of a
mile long from its eastern side, which cuts across the foliation of the
anorthosite. Under the microscope, the rock presents an extremely well
marked catadastic structure, the constituent minerals having been
completely granulated under the great pressure to which they have
been subjected.
Of the two smaller areas, that which lies to the west of St. Colum-
biii, extending over into the Gore of Chatham and known as the Lake-
field area, most closely resembles the Morin anorthosite just described.
It is four anil a half miles long and about a mile wide, only about one
half of it, however, being embraced in the accompanying sheet. The
outer portions are fine-grained, foliated, very poor in bisilicates and
weather white. The inner portion of the ar.a is more massive, and
appears on the whole to be rather richer in ferro-magnesian constitu
ents, which vary in amount from place to place, often giving the
rock an irregular banded structure. A rapid change in strike is ob-
servable in this area, the anorthosite and its surrounding gneisses in
the southern part striking on an average N. 30' W., while about
the northern extremity both rocks strike N. So to 65 E. I^sa
than a mile to the south of the area, at the very edge of the Laurentian
escarpment, a diabase dyke cuts through the gneiss, which is here the
country-rock. The dyke contains angular fragments of white anor-
thosite which in many places are so abundant as to make up the
greater part of the wuole. These fragments, which were brought up
Lakcficld
anortho.site.
'•]
LAURENTIAN AREA.
107 J
by the molten diabase, probably mark an underground extension of
this Laketield area to the south.
Only a pf.rtion of the St. Jerome are^ situated as it is immediately st. .l..>n„„.
at the edge of the Laurentian axis, is exposed to view. The southern "'''"•tl""'ite.
part of it is covered up ami concealed by the tlat-lyinjj Pali.o/oic beds
which come in a short distance to the south of the town. What pro-
portion of the whole mass is represented by the portion exposed to
view it is impossible to say.
It differs consideiably from the other areas, in that the anorthosito
composing it is not .so typical in character, as well as in the fa';t that
there intervenes between it and the gneiss a broad zone of rock.s of in-
termediate character. The anorthosite, or gabbro as it should in this
case more properly be called, is seen in its typical development on either
side of the Canadian PaciHc railway track a few hundred yards south
of the station at St. Jerome. The large exposures here are situated
about the middl.; of the area, toward its southern limit as exposed.
At this point the rock is fine-grained, weathers brownish-gray and
usually has a foliated structure. In .some places the structure is more
or less distinctly banded, owing to the alternations of portions rather
rich in bisilioates with others consisting alnu.st entirely of plagioclase.
Individuals of dark-coloured plagioclase, usually small in size but some-
times as much as six inches in length, are abundant in places. They
are frequently seen to be curved or twisted and are usually without
good crystalline outlines.
tTnder the microscope, this rock is .seen to be composed essentially of
plagioclase and pyroxene, the former largely preponderating, with horn-
blende, biotite. garnet, iron-ore, and pyrite, as accessory constituents,
and a few grains of quartz, calcite, chlorite, and apatite. The pyrox-
ene is light-green in colour and is for the most part augite, which is
often decomposed to calcite and chlorite— some of it however is tri-
chroic in red, yellow and green tints and is probablv hypersthene.
The hornblende, which is green in colour, and the biotite are pres-
ent in but very small amount. The garnet, which is pink in colour,
and i)e.fectly isotropic, is often well crystallized and usually has some
approximation to good crystalline form. It is generally associated Nfioroscopicar
with iron-ore but often occurs in little strings through tiie rock. The ^'""■'^t. >•.
iron-ore is titaniferous, as shown by the leucoxene"which fretjuently
appears as its decomposition-product. The quartz, which is present in
very small amount a.ssociatcd with the bisilicate.s, may a'so be second-
ary. The little strings, an inch or even less in thickness, consisting of
orthoclase and quartz, which run through the rock sometimes parallel
108 J
gUEBEC.
Zonn of iiitpr
iiu-<lii(tc char
jicter.
to the stratification an.] sometimes across it, are rather abundant
but are evidently of later origin.
The rock in its present form probably represents an advanced stage
of granulation, for although but little is seen in the way of twisted
grams and strain shadows, these are usually not well seen when the
granulation is complete. The large remnants of pla^ioclas. crystals
on the other hand, which occur abundantly in many parts of the rock
indicate an extensive granulation. At the bridge over the North
liiver at St. J.'-rome, on the western edge of the area, as well as at a
p<)int about a mile and a ..uarter further north near the norther.i end
ot the area, the same rock is well e.xposed, at the latter locality show-
ing an e.vceeding well-marked cataclastic structure.
This gabbro mass is surrounded by a zone of rocks of varied
character, many of which strongly resemble the anorthosite in appear-
ance, but which are quite different in composition. They are well
exposed to the west of St. Jerome back from the North River Thi'^
zone includes a large quantity of ordinary orthoclase gnei.s8, and in it
occurs the crystalline limestone already described as occurring to the
south-west of the village, but it consists chiefly of rocks which, in
addition to augite and plagioclase, contain variable amounts of horn-
blende, orthoclase and quartz, and which are thus intermediate in
character between the gneiss and the anorthosite, some of the many
varieties represented approaching more nearly to gneiss and others
more nearly to anorthosite in character and compo.sition. It is thus a
matter of great difficulty to trace upon a map the exact limits of this
zone In the accompanying sheet, this has been done .vs accurately as
possible by the aid of a microscopical examination of the rocks from
a numu i- of points.
This zone surrounding the typical gabbro or anorthosite, probably
represents a peculiar border fades of the latter, which in many places
has intruded itself into the gneiss parallel to its foliation, giving an
appearance of interstratification, while movements, induced by pressure
subsequent to the intrusion, serve to render this appearance more
deceptive The orthoclase gneiss and the limestone in this zone are
thus of the nature of inclosed or partially inclosed portions of the
country-rock.
THE STRUCTURE OF THE AREA.
_ The foliation or banding of the gneiss in the western prrt of the
Laurentian corner of the sheet has a general north-east strike, which
to the east swings around and runs about due north. The change is
well shown between St. Jerome and New Glasgow. The northerl
'•]
LAUKBNTIAV AREA.
109 J
Strike .8 well neen in the narrow mass of gneiss separating the two
larger ma.sses of anorthosite, as well as in the Laurentian to t' e east
of the most easterly of these two masses. The anorthosite intrusions
also, as has been mcntion.d, .,,,ecially toward their sides, show a more
or less well.„,arke<l foliation which coincides in direction with that of
the adjacent gneiss. Thus, in the case of the n.ost westerly of the
two large anorthosite masses, which in its extension cuts across the
strike ot the gneiss, the foliation runs across the contact from the
gneiss into the anorthosite ; while in the most easterly, which has been
intruded into the gneiss in a north-and-south direction, the foliation of
the two rock.s coincides approximately with the direction of their
lines of contact.
The strike in the immediate vicinity of the Lakefield anorthosite, as ,.„,,,(„„, „,
has been stated in speaking of that area, varies considerably foli'S t..
North of the limits of the sheet, the strike of the foliation of the l-.'mlar;!"
gneiss has been found to f..llow the windings of (ne boundary of the
Monn anorthosite in a remarkable manner, making it evident that
although the anorthosite breaks through the gneiss and cuts off the
liinesfme bands in the latter, the foliation of the gneiss is not
altogether an original structure, but is, in part at least, secondary
having been caused by the great pressure to which both rocks were
subjected after the intrusion of the anorthosite, which has led to
movements in the solid rocks.
kcovomk: hesources.
No mineral deposits of great value have as yet been found within
this Laurentian area. The following, however, are worthy of note :—
Inm „re-X,iar St. Jerome, Count y of Ter,-ebonne.~T^o and a half ,
miles south-west of St. Jerome, on the road which follows the northern •V-'r".."!'!'
bank of the river, there is a deposit of magnetic iron-ore. This occurs
as several thin bands interstratified with a dark hornblendic rock and
with the red orthoclase gneiss of this part of the area-the whole dippin-
toward the river at a very high angle. As seen in 1880, the ore wal
exposed by the removal of the drift deposits at a number of points alone
Its strike, and a shallow opening had been made in it at one place"
Subsequently, fron October, 1891, until March, 1892, the deposit was
worked by the Canada Iron Furnace Company ; during which time
about 365 tons of ore was taken out and shipped to the company's
furnaces at Radnor and there smelted. The following information has
been kindly supplied to me by Mr. Arthur Cole, B. A. Sc, who was
engaged in carrying out the work : —
AnalysiH.
Iron ore, Ste.
Julienne.
^^^ ' ylEDEC.
"Most of the ore was taken out of a pit which when ah.uidone.1
was alx)ut thirty-five feet deep, ten feet broad and twelve feet long.
Tlie ore-Uxl varied from two and a half feet to tliree feet in width, and
was for the most part free from ^anj?ue. At a depth of thirty-Hve feet, the
bed had narrowed down to a few inchcH and was then entirely lost. A
drift was driven from the west end of the pit riong the bed for about
forty feet. The (loor of the drift was about Hfteen feet from the sur-
face. Work was then discontinued, but was resumed in August, 1892
but this time at a point about one hundred yards further west' along
the outcrop of the bed. Thfl-ore here was in Imds varying from a foot
to a foot and a half in width. These beds often wi.lened, i>ut they
would separate into two lieds with an intervening bed of rock. In
some places the limits of the beds were very clearly defined, but else-
where the orelxxly gradually faded away into the surrounding rock.
Alwut fifty tons were taken out of this opening, which was alwut ten
feet deep ami thirty feet long. Work was finally discontinued early
in September, as it was found that too much rock was being handled."
A sample of the ore was analysed by me and found to have the fol-
lowing composition : —
Ferric oxide ,-)!»(l.-,<t p. c.
Ferrous oxide 2lt'K(r "
Titanic acid j;^,,^
Pho.spliorio ncid .()|- ,,
i^iilpliiir .()()i «
Insoluble matter 0'M0~ "
Metallic iron 02't9I "
PliosphoruB .mj- ,,
Sulphur .Q„| .,
The analysis brings out in an emphatic manner the distinction be-
tween the iron-ores of the orthoclase gneiss and those occurring in the
anorthosite, the former being usually free from titanium, while the
latter are rich in this deleterious constituent. This ore, although
occurring so near the anorthosite, is quite free from titanium, while
the iron-ores of the adjacent anorthosite areas always contain a large
percentage of this element. To these belong the two following
deposits.
Raudon, Itange II., Lot i?.— This deposit is situated near the village
of Ste. Julienne, and although it has never been actually worked it has
attracted a good deal of attention. It occurs in the Morin anorthosite
near the eastern edge of the most easterly of the two larger develop-
ments of anorthosite shown in the accompanying sheet. The ore occurs
in a foliated white-weathering variety of the anorthosite, rather rich in
bisilicates and striking from N. 8° W. to N. 25° W. (magnetic) with a
H LAt'llENTIAN ARK.V. m j
nearly vertical .lip. Several black diabase dykes occur in the vicinity.
The ore vanes a «o<kI deal in character, beioK '"Uch poorer in «oine
places than in others, and often takes the form of bands from a few
mches to several feet in width Kenerally conformal)le, or nearly so, to
the foliation of the anorihosite, but in a few cases outtin« across it.
Both the anorthosite and iron-ore are much twiste.! ami faulted, and
it IS often difficult to detennine whether the ore has been erupted
through the anorthosite or whether the cases where it cuts across the
anorthosite are to be attributed to faulting. It has, however, a
general tn-nd in the direction of the strike of the anorthosite, the
principal mass bein- e.xposed for about 200 feet at right angles to this
direction. The "ore" appears to be in reality a variety of the
anorthosite, and in most places is too poor in iron to constitute an ore
in the proper .sense of the term. It is also highly titaniferous and con-
tains iron-pyrites as a frequent constituent. I»r. Hoffmann found a
specimen collected by me to contain :—
.Metallic iron 4'>..hi
Titanic Hci.l ... ,' "' '''''■■ "'«'''>■ t'"*"'-
burgo amount. feroiw.
Two samples examined by Dr. B. J. Harrington,* gave the following
results : —
>. „. . I "•
Metallic iron ;,s.._,7 ,, ,., 4„,-,
Titfinicacid 33.,); .. .^.^^^ .,
while a third specimen, in which the iron was not determined was
found to contain ; — '
''"'♦""'" '*«'•' .35 09 p.c.
Wejford, Hangp I, Lot 7.~0vi this lot a small opening has been made
in a dark-coloured heavy massive rock containing a certain amount of
iron-ore. The field relations indicate that this is merely a local variety
of the Morin anortho.site, exceptionally rich in the darker-coloured
constituents of the rock, and a microscopic examination proves this to
be the case. When thin sections are examined, the rock is seen to l)e i„,„„r^ w,.,
composed essentially of a dark-coloured pyroxene with plagioclase and ^"'^- '
iron-ore. A not inconsiderable amount of apatite with a few grains of
pyrite, garnet and biotite are also present. The proportion of iron-ore
present is comparatively small. A specimen collected to represent the
richest portion of the mass was examined by Dr. Hoffmann, with the
following results : —
Metallic iron on ■ o- „„_
T , , , . , M 2, pet cent.
Jnsohil)le rcsiiliie r)8',")8 " "
^^^'■'''^"''' ■■•••' 'Djcided reaction.
•Report of Progress, Geol. Surv. Can., 1876-77, p. 475.
112 .1
gUBIIRC.
I|
m
ft
AiiortluKtitc.
A'Uknini/, Range VII., Lot ?.— This deposit is an impure ochre or
limonitc, occuirin)i,' near the vd^n- of the Moriii anoithoHito, and
iippiircntly doriverl from the altenition of iron-pyrites wliich occurs as an
iinprc/^nation ia a bund of anorthositu inti-rcaiated in the gneiss near
the limits of the main area. The band of rock througii which this
linionite is distril)uted hivs a considerable width, but could not l)e
everywhere examined at the time of my visit owinj? to a busli firo
wliich was raging. No mass of the iron-ore over one foot in thickness
could lie found, however, and too deposit is, I should judf{e, valueless
as a source of iron.
A specimen of the limonite was examined by Dr. Holfmann, and
was found to contain : —
M.^tallic iron 2.*v7.") per cent.
Iimolnl.lf matter I^ugc aiiicmnt.
It also contained a considerable (piantity of manj^anese, but no
titanium.
Atinrthosite.—'nnH rock, althougli it has been but little used for
building purposes, might in many cases be employe*] with advantage
for decorative construction. It may 1m> obtained in unlimited amount
in tiie Mfirin area, of any colour from deej) violet to white. The
opalescent varieties occur but sparingly in this district. To judge of
its appearance when cut and polished, two large blocks, one of the
violet and one of the white variety were collected and six-inch cui)es
were prepared from them. These were exhibited in the Colonial and
Indian Exhibition held in London in 188G. The violet variety was
collected on the eastern side of range II. of tlie township of Morin,
and when polished presented a handsome appearance, but was rather
dark in colour. The white variety, which was taken from the large
exposures at New Glasgow, took a high polish and in this state was
found to bear a striking re.semblance to marble. It is more difficult to
work than marble, Imt would be more durable and would retain its
polish better, especially in exposed situations, and might well be
employed for many purposes in construction.
On account of its toughness and durability, this white anorthosite
from New Glasgow has been extensively used for paving stones in the
city of Montreal, especially on streets where there is a heavy freight
traffic. A numl)er of small quarries have been opened in the vicinity
of New Glasgow, while a larger one is operated about two miles to the
north of the village. The stone is blasted out in large blocks and is
then dressed to the required size by means of large hammers. The
industry which has thus sprung up is quite extensive, up to the time
of my last visit in August, 1891, 541,000 anorthosite paving blocks
having been shippped to Montreal by rail.
APPENDIX
Pkeliminahv Lists of t.ik Oiui.vxir Hemains occcrrin.; in the
VARIOLS r;;oLO(lICAI. KoilMATK.NS COMPItlSKn IV THE Soi TII-WKHT
<jlahteksiii:kt Map ok the Kahtekn TowNNHifs ok
THE PltOVINrE OK yUEIIKC.
BY
HKNUY M. AMI, M.A., D.Se., F.G.S.
Th*. f<.IIowing formations are included in tl.is Appendix, in ascend-
ing order ;—
J'olHclnin sandstone.
Cnhiferous formation.
Chaty formation.
I'hillipHhurij series ( = Fort Ca.ssin rocks).
Qiiefjec City formation.
Trmton, including Black River.
Utica.
Lorraine.
Silurian, including Lower Helderberg and possibly older.
Demninn, including Cauda galli Grit and Corniferous 1
The fossil remains enumerated in this Appendix are grouped by
localities under each formation, and under each locality, they are
arranged in zoological order.
POTSDAM SANDSTONE.
I. Beauharnois, Que., County of Beauharnois (Geological Survey col-
lection) : —
L Protichnites septemnotatus, Ow^n.
2. " octonotatus, Owen.
3. " latus, Owen.
4. " multinotatus, Owen.
5- " lineatus, Owen.
6. " alternans, Owen.
II. Ste. Anne, Jacques Cartier County, Que. ; (Geological Survey col-
lection) : —
1. Scolithus Canadensis, Billings.
8
114 i
r^
yrKDKC.
CAIA'IKEHOU.S FORMATION.
III. Hto. AhM-. Jacques (.'artier County, t^u-. ; ooIIeHon,, r^.gan,
{.chanlson, M. iUtm„y, Alurray and A.ni ((Joological Survey collec-
Itjf'lmidn :
1. .Stromalocorium calciferum, Dawson.
Brivh iopitda :
2. Lin^ula Irene, Billings.
(t'tisfi'n piidii ;
3. I'h'urotoinaria grogaria, nillings.
4. Muroliisonia xVnna, I'.illings,
Ceji/mfoptida .•
fi. Orthoceras ordinatum, Hillings.
OMlrarada ;
C. Leperditia Anna, .JoncH.
IV. Hte. Anno Jacques Cartier County, (^,e. (Daws.,n collection;
Peter Redpath Museum of AFcGill University, Montreal):-
firnr/i ioporia :
1. Orthisina gjand(eva, Billings.
Giiateropoda :
2. Pleurotoniaria Anna, Billings.
3- " Laurentina, Billings.
4. Murchisonia Anna, Billings.
Cephalopoda :
5. Orthoceras. (Heveral species.)
V. Beauharn..is, Que., Chateauguay Cou.^ty, and Norton's Creek,
Beauharno.s County, Que.; collector, Richardson. 1851 and 1853
((jreological Survey collection) :—
1. PaliTOphycus tuhularis. Hall.
2' " Beauharnoisensis, Blliings.
3. Camerella calcifera, Billings.
4. Ecculioinphalus Atlanticus, Billings.
5. Ophileta coinplanata, Vanuxem (lophileta compacta, Salter)
b. Fleurotomana calcifera, Billings.
7. Bathyurus conicus, Billings.
VI. Beauharnois, Que.. Beauharnois County (Peter Redpath Mus-
'jum collection) : —
1. O H?eta complanata, Vanuxem ( = 0. compacta, Salter).
flL*.
AHI'hXnUt,
lift .1
Vir. Ormst^.wn, quarry .mo inilo wost of vill.ij;-, rhat..auguav
County ; collector. .Mr. T. N. Walsh (Petor He<lpath Museum) ;^ "
JirnchlojMxia :
1. Orthis s[i.
2. OpIiiJeta (;oiiipliiiiat)i, Vaiiuxom.
3. " (lisjuiRta, Hull.
4. I'leurotoiimria, sp.
5. Munliis<;ni,i, sp.
C'f/i/iiilDjiodn :
C>. Lituitt's, s|).
7. Eiidoeeras Hecki (?), Hillings.
VII r. St. KusKiclH., Two Mountains County, Que.; ool 'ctors, Mur-
ray and Uiclmrdsoii (Geological .Suivey collection):—
Jimchio/tmlti :
1. Lingula .Mantelli, Hillings.
Ci'/'/iii/iijmda ;
2. Orthooeras Montrealense, Hillings.
IX. Phillipslmrgh, gue.; R. W. IIUs, 1H90 (in buff-we, thering
dolomite): —
Echiiiodi'rmata :
1. Pali.'ocystites sp., allied to P. tenuiradiatus. Hall,
2. Orthis Minna, Hillings.
(I'liKtiToporla :
3. Suhulites, sp.
4. Ophileta coinplaiiata, Vanuxem.
5. (?) Uaphistouia proavium, Whitfield.
6. Murchisonia Anna (?), Hillings.
7- " gracilens (?), Whittield.
8. " (?) confusa, Whitfield.
Trilobita :
9. Amphion Salteri, Billings.
10. Cheirurus, sp. indt.
CHAZY FORMATION.
X. St. Dominique, Quebec ; R. W. Ells, 1890 (from a dark gray
semi-crystalline limestone, weathering yellowish brown— at tfmes
arenaceous) : —
116 J
QUEBEC.
i't
n
m.
Echinoderinata :
1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragmeats.
Zoophyta :
2. (?) Columnaria incerta, Billings.
Bryozoa (?) ;
3. Solenopora compacta, Billing^.
4. Branching montieuliporoid, not determined.
Brack iopoda :
5. Ortliis acuminata, Billings.
6. Orthis Porcia (?), Billings. (In the arenaceous strata.)
Gasteropoda :
7. Obscure specimen, not determined.
Trilobita :
8. Ampyx Halli, Billings.
9. Asaphus canalis, Conrad.
10. Asaphus, cf. A platycephalus, Stokes. ( = Iaotelus gigas,
deKay.)
XI. St. Dominique, Quebec; W. E. Deeks, 1891 :—
Ilydroxoa :
1. (?) Strephochetus, sp.
Brhinoderiuafa :
2. Pala'ocystites tenuiradiatus, Hall.*
3. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments.
Bryozoa :
4. Branching monticuliporoidea.
Brachiopoda :
5. (?) Orthis pigra, Billings.
6. Orthis platys, Billings.
7. " costalis. Hall.
8. " sp. indt.
Gasteropoda :
9. Pleurotomaria, cf. P. Laurentina, Billings.
10. " (Raphistoma) Crevieri, Billings.
11. Raphistoma planistria. Hall.
12. " lenticulare (1), Sowerby.
13. Trochonenia umbilicatum, Hall.
14. Ophileta, cf. O. complanata, Vanuxera.
15. Bucania, sp.
AIho BollxjiKjriten Americanus, Billings.
..]
APPENDIX.
11
t 3
Pteropoda :
16. (1?)Hyolithes, sp. • :
2'rilobifa :
17. Ainpyx Halli, Billings.
18. Heiiiopleurides, n. sp.
19. Bathyurus, sp.
20. Bathyurus, cf. B. Angelini, Billings.
21- " extans, Hall or allied species.
22. Asaphus canalis, Conrad.
23. Illii'mis globwus (?), Billings.
24. Amphion or Cheirurus, sp.
XTI. St. Dominique, Quebec. List of species recorded by Mr. Bil-
lings in " Geology of Canada," p. 20G, 18G3.
Bryozoa :
1 Ptilodictya fenestrata (MS? ).
BrncJiiopoda :
2. Strophomena alternata, Conrad.
3. Orthis platys, Billings.
4. " borealis, Billings.
Pelecypoda :
5. Vanuxeruia Montrealensis, Billings.
Gasteropoda ;
6. Pleutotomaria Crevieri, Billings.
Trilobita :
7. Ampyx Halli, Billings.
XIII. St. Dominique, Quebec; T. C. Weston, 1879, and James
Richardson, date not given : —
Echinodermata ?
1. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings.
Brachio/ioda :
2. Orthis platys, Billings.
3. " (Hebertella) borealis, Billings.
Gasfpropoda :
4. Pleurotomaria (Raphistoma) Crevieri, Billings.
Trilobita :
5. Ampyx Halli, Billings.
6. Asaphus marginalis (?), Hall. (? = A. canalis, Conrad).
XIV. Two miles south of Abbotsford, Papineau Range Road,
Abbotsford, Quebec; \V. E. Deeks, 23rd June, 1891 ;
118 J
QUEBEC.
It i
Ml
m
Zoophyta :
1. Streptelasma (?), sp.
Echinoderttiata :
2. Blastoidocrinus carchariifdens, Billings.
3. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings.
4. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments, not determined.
Bryozoa :
5. Sti. topora glomerata, Hall. A form resembling that figured by
Hall in vol. i., Pal. N.Y., 1847, from the Chazy limestone.
Brack iopoda :
6. Lepta'na, fasciata, Hall. Probably a Rafinesquina.
7. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings.
8. " or Zygospira sp., too imperfect for determination.
Gasteropoda :
9. Metoptoma Montrealensis, Billings.
10. Raphistoma planistria. Hall.
11. Pleurotomaria calyx, Billings.
12. Maclurea, sp.
Trilohita :
13. Asaphua canalis, Conrad.
14. Harpes or Trinucleus sp., shewing sculptured outer margin of
cephalic .shield.
XV. Grande Ligne Quarries, Que. ; W. E. Deeks, 27th June, 1891.
Hydrozoa :
1. Stromatocerium or Cryptozoon, sp. "^
Echinodtrmata :
2. Blastoidocrinus carcharia'dens, Billings.
3. PaliTOcystites tenuiradiatus. Hall.
4. ' " sp.
5. Cystidean fragments, undetermined.
Bryozoa :
6. Stietopora, sp., cf. S. glomerata, Hall.
7. Amplexopora (,), sp., or other genus of branching monticuliporoid.
8. Dicranopora, sp.
9. Solenopora or Cryptozoon, sp.
Brachiopoda :
10. Lepta'na, sp.
11. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings.
12. " platys (?), Billings.
13. " Porcia, Billings.
14. " probably O. (Dalmanella) perveta, Conrad.
lilt.]
APPENDIX.
119 J
ured by
rgin of
I, 1891.
ooroid.
15. Rhynchonella plena, Hall.
16. Atrypa (?Zygospira) acutirostra, Hall,
17. Triplesia, sp.
Gasteropoda :
18. Metoptonia, sj).
19. Pleurotomaria calyx, as of Billings.
20. Raphistoma planistria, Hall.
Pteropoda :
21. (?) Hyolithes, sp.
Cephalopoda :
22. Endoceras velox, ( = Orthoceras velox, Billings.
23. Orthoceras bilineatum, Hall.
Trilohita :
24. Bathyurus spiniger, Billings.
25. Asaphus canalis, Conrad.
26. Illienus arcturus, Hall.
27. " jflobosus, Billings.
28. " Bayfiekli, Billings.
Ostracoda :
29. Leperditia Canadensis, v. nana, Jones.
XVI. Island of Montreal, Que. ; Thos. Curry, 1888. (Specimens
sent to the Geological Survey Dept. for identification— the property
of the Peter Redpath Museum of McGill College, Montreal) :—
Echhwderinata :
1. Malocystites Murchisoui, Billings.
2. " sp.
3. Paheocystites tenuiradiatus, Hall.
XVII. Bord k Plouffe, Que. ; W. E. Decks, 6th July, 1891.
Bryozoa :
1. Intricaria, sp.
2. Branching Monticuliporoids.
BracJiiopoda :
3. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings.
4. " platys, Billings.
5. " Porcia, Billings.
6. " sp.
7. (?) Rafinesquina alternata, ( = Strophomena alternata, Conrad
et auct.
8. Orthis or Strophomena,sp.indt. Too imperfect for identification.
Trilohita :
9. Remopleurides sp.
10. Asaphus, sp., portion of cephalic shield.
120
QUEBEC.
I
Ostracoda :
11. Leperditia, sp., a ratlier large form for the Chnzy formation.
IsflTi"" ^*" ^^'"'*''' '^""'*''"'' ^"'•' ^^- ^- ^''"'^«' 7th March,
Echinoderinata :
1. Blnatoidocrinus carchariipdens, Billings.
2. Malocystites Murchisoni, Billings.
3. Palmocystites tenuiradiatua, Hall.
Bryox.ua :
4. CalloporaorCalloporellasp. Bryozoary, consisting of two kinds
t" ' one larger and regularly disposed in rows ; the other, minute
mesopores hlhng intervening spaces.
5. Dicranopora (?), sp.
6. Stictopora glomerata (?), Hall.
7. Frondescent forms of monticuliporoidea.
8. Ramose or branching monticuliporoidea.
Brack iopo'^a :
9. Lingula, sp. cf. L. Huronensis, Billings.
10. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billings,
n. « platys, Billings.
12. " disparilis, Billings.
cit str,t,: T.;* " '""""■ """" '°™ -»" '- ""
14.. Rhynchonella plena. Hall.
Gasteropoda :
15. Ilaphistoma planistria, Hall.
Trilohita :
16. Remopleurides (?) sp.
17. Bathyurus, sp., cf. B. Angelini, Billings.
thomx'^'''''^'"'' '^■' *™^"'"*' °^ '^"'^^ ^h'^ld ™d pleura of axis and
19. IllR'nus, c/ I. globosus, Billings.
20. " sp. indt.
21. Cheirurus, sp. indt.
22. Lichas (?) sp.
23. Harpes, sp.
XIX. Joliette, Que. The following species were collected by N J
Gxroux m 1891, close to the bridge over L'Assomption River, near
the Canadian Pacific railway station.
Echinodermata :
1. PaliBocystites tenuiradiatus. Hall.
-•]
APPENDIX.
121 .1
Bryozoa :
2. Monticuliporoidea; requiring microscopic sections before identi-
fication.
Brach iopoda :
3. Lingula, sp. inrlt.
4. Orthis (Hebertella) borealis, Billinirs.
Gasteropoda :
5. Pleurotoinaria Crevieri (?), Billings.
6. Raphistonia planistria, v. parvuin, Hall.
7. (?) Bucania sulcatina, Enimon.s.
Cephalopoda :
8. Orthoceras (?), sp. indt.
1863^" \tr'' '^"^' "^"'^"'*''y ^"'^ee" of "Geology of Canada,"
Gasteropoda :
1. " Pleurotoniaria staminea, Hall.
( = Baphistoma stamineum, Hall.)
XXI. Island of Montreal, Hochelaga County, Que.; collectors,
Logan, B.ll.ngs, Richardson and Bell (Geological Survey collection):-
Hydro ida ;
1. Stroinatocerium rugosum. Hall.
Cy&toidea and Blastnides : —
2. Malocystites Murchisoni, Billings.
^- " Barrandei, Billings.
4. Blastoidocrinus carcharisedens, Billings.
5. Paln>ocystites tenuiradiatus. Hall.
6. Glyptocystites Forbesi, Billings.
7. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings. This is probably a portion
of the interior of one of the cystoidea so prevalent in these rocks.
Crinoidea :
8. Crinpidal columns.
Bryozoa ;
9. Monotrypella undulata, Nicholson.
10. Stenopora patula, Billings.
Brachiopoda :
11. Lingula Belli, Billings.
12. Ilafinesquina alternata, (Conrad).
13. Orthis (Dalmanella) perveta, Conrad.
^*- " " subrequata, Conrad.
1^- " " gibbosa, Billings.
122 J
QUEBEC.
16. Orthis Porcia, Billings.
17. " disparilis; Billings.
18. Rhynchonellfi plena, Hall.
Pelecypoda ;
19. Vanuxemia Montrealensis, Billings.
Gasteropoda ;
20. Metoptonia Montrealen.sis, Billings.
21. Pleurotomaria iuimatura, Billings. >
22. " calyx, Billings.
Vermes :
23. Serpulites splendens, Billings.
Trilobita :
24. Sphierexochus parvus, Billings.
XXir. Island of Montreal, Que. ; outcrops of the Chazy forma-
tion. Peter Redpath Museum collection :—
Cyatoidea :
1. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings.
2. Palfi'ocystites, sp.
3. Palajocystites tenuiradiatus.. Hall.
4. Malocystites Murchisoni, Billings.
Mantoidea ;
5. Blastoidocrinus carchariiedens, Billings.
Crinoidea ;
6. Rhodocrinus asperatus, Billings.
Bryozoa :
7. Phylloporina aspera, Hall.
8. Monticulipora (?), sp.
Brachiopoda :
9. Orthis platys, Billings.
10. " (Hebertella) imperator, Billings.
11. " (Dalmanella) perveta, Conrad.
12. Rhynchonella plena. Hall.
Gasteropoda :
13. Pleurotomaria, sp.
Trilobita :
14. Sphwrexochv J parvus, Billings.
XXIII. Caughnawaga, Laprairie County, Que. ; Peter Redpath
Museum collection : —
Echinodermata :
1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments.
2. Blastoidocrinus carchariipdens, Billings.
3. Bolboporites Americanus, Billings.
IUJ.1
APPENDIX.
123 J
Gasteropoda :
4. Raphistoma staminaum, Hall.
XXIV. Caughnawaga, Laprairie County, Que. ; collectors, Logan,
Billings and Richardson (Geological Survey collection) .—
Cystoidea :
1. Glyptocystites Forbesi, Billings.
Brachiopoda :
2. Orthis acuminata, Billings.
PHILLIPSBURG SERIES.
XXV. Road between Phillipsburg and St. Armand, County of Mis
sisquoi, Que. ; collected by R. W. Ells, J. F. Whiteaves afid W E
Deeks, 1890 :—
Echinodermata :
1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments.
Brachiopoda :
2. Lingula, sp. indt.
3. Orbiculoidea, sp. nov. (?)
4. Orthis (?) Armanda, Billings.
5. Orthis Electra, Billings.
6. " Minna, Billings.
7. Hemipronites (?), sp. indt.
8. Triplesia lateralis, Whitfield.
9. " calcifera (?), Billings.
Gasteropoda :
10. Pleurotomaria Missisquoi, Billings.
^^- " sp. nov. (?), non. P. Hortensia, Bill., nor P. Hor-
tensia, Billings, as of Whitfield, but closely
related.
" difficilis, Whitfield.
" Beekmanensis, Whitfield.
sp. with alation along the outer edge of the body
volution.
" sp. allied to P. Missisquoi, Billings.
Murchisonia, sp., cf. M. Vesta, Billings.
" Missisquoi, Billings.
18. Bellerophon Palinurus, Billings.
19. Lophospira Cassina, Whitfield.
20. " (?) sp. indt.
21. Holopea Cassina, Whitfield.
22. " arenaria (?), Billings.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
124 .1
QUEBEC.
23. Holopea, sp. indt.
24. Euomphalus circumliratus, Whitfield.
2^- '* sp-, '/ E. calciferus, Whitfield.
26. Ophileta complanata, Vanuxcm.
27. Ecculioniphalus volutatus, Whitfield.
28. Raphistoma stamineum, Hull (?=Pleurotomaria docens or
calyx, Bill.
29- " sp. indt., No. 1.
30. " sp. indt.. No. 2.
31. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings.
32. " sp.
33. Subulites obesus, Whitfield.
34. (?) Calaurops lituiforniis, Whitfield.
Cephalopoda :
35. Endoceras, sp. nov. (?)
36. Orthoceras Missisquoi, Billings
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
Brainerdi, Whitfield,
explorator, Billings.
Cataline (i), Billings.
Lanmrcki, Billings,
biliueatum. Hall (as of Whitfield).
42. Litoceras, sp., cf. L. Whiteavesi. Hyatt, ( = Nautilus versutus,
pars. Billings.
43. " sp.
44. Nautilus (?) sp. A large form. Exact generic relation not defi-
nitely ascertained.
45. Schroederoceras Eatoni, Whitfield.
^^- " " var. Cassinensis, Whitfield,
47. Eurystomites Kelloggi, Whitfield.
48. " sp. indt.
Trilohita :
49. Agnostus Galba, Billings or a nearly related species.
50. Remopleurides affinis, Billings.
51. Bathyurus SafTordi, Billings (abundant).
^^' " sP' probably a new species, closely related to B.
marginatus, Billings,
conicus, Billings. (Not the Bathyurus conicus of
Whitfield.)
sp., cf. B. Cordai, Billings.
sp., with a long and fairly stout terminal spine at
the extremity of the caudal shield ; a much larger species f han B.
caudatus.
56. Bathyurellus expansus, Billings.
^^* " glandicephalus, Whitfield.
53.
54.
55.
ILK
'■]
APPENDIX.
125 J
58. Asaphus canalis, Conrad.
59. Illrenus simulator, Billings.
00.
sp. Too imperfect for identificatioi
'US, sp.
L. Champlainenense, Whitfiel
61. Cheirui
62. Lichas, sp.
Ostracoda ;
63. Le[)erditia, sp. indt.
XXV r. Boundary line, lot 122, east of St. xVrmand P. O., 1.50 yards
west of road t(. mill, Missisquoi Co., Que. Collectors : R. W. Ells and
W. E. Deeks, 1891.
1. (?) Solenopora conipacta, or Girvanella, sp.
£c/i iuodmnata :
2. Crinoidal fragments.
Brachiopoda :
3. Ortliis, sp. indt.
4. " sp. with acutely rostrate umbo.
^. " sp. No. 3, not determinable.
6. Strophonifciioid shell, with thread-like striie at the beak which
widen out anteriorly into coarse angular costie.
7. Triplesia, sp.
Ganti'ropoda ;
8. Pleurotomaria, .sp. indt.
9. Ophileta, sp., cf. O. complanata, Vanuxem.
10. " sp.
11. Raphistoma or Trochonema, sp.
Cephidopoda :
12. Orthoceras Missisquoi vel O. furtivum, Billings.
Trilobita :
13. Dolichometopus (?) sp.
14. Bathyurus, sp., probably a new species.
15. " SafTordi, Billings.
16. Asaphus canalis, Conrad, or a very closely related species.
17. Cheirurus or Amphion, sp.
Ostracoda :
1 8. Leperditia, sp.
XXVII. Bedford, Que., lot 20, range VI., tp. of Stanbridge, Que
J. F. Whiteaves, 1878. h , H ^
Brachiopoda :
1. Lingula, sp,, probably a new species.
2. Orbiculoidea, n. sp.
3. Orthis Minna, Billings.
126 J
QUEBEC.
Gasteropoda :
4. Bellerophon Palinurus, Hillings.
5. Mttclurea ponderoaa, Billings.
Tri/o/iifa :
6. Agnostus Galba (?), Billings.
7. Remopleuriiles affiuis, Billings.
8. Bathyurus Saffordi, Billings.
9- " breviceps (?), Billings.
10. Bathyurellus expansus, Billings.
11. Illipnus simulator, Billings.
Ostracoda :
12. Leperditia, n. sp.
colfeS"r'""'^'"^^' """^-^ ''"'"'^' '" ^^^'^'°^*'^^' '-^^^
The following species were de.=cribed by Mr. Billings from the
JrhUlipsburg limestones as follows :
Echinodermata :
1. Palieocystites tenuiradiatus, Hall. Pal. Foss., vol. T., p. 63.
Brachiopoda :
2. Orthis (?) Armanda, Billings, ibid., p. 303.
Gasteropoda :
3. Pleurotomaria Postumia, Billings, ibid., p. 91.
4. Mui-chisonia Hyale, Billings, ibid., p. 33.
5. Pleurotomaria Missisquoi, Billings, ibid., p. 191.
6. Ophileta abdita, Billings, ibid., p. 189.
7. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings, ibid., p. 239.
8. Metoptoma Niobe, Billings, ibid., p. 37.
Cephalopoda :
9. Nautilus Pomponius, Billings, ibid., p. 26.
10. Cyrtoceras Aristides, Billings, ibid., p. 316.
11. Orthoeeras repens, Billings, ibid., p 312
12. -
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
«
K
((
II
II
11
Catulus, Billings, p. 313.
Missisquoi, Billings, p. 314.
Cato, Billings, p. 315.
Cataline, Billings, p. 315.
Sayi, Billings, p. 315.
Tityrus, Billings, p. 316.
••]
APPENDIX.
127
Trilobita :
18. Dikelocephalus Missisquoi, Billings, p. 199. '
Besides the above Phillipsburg fossils reeonled by Billings. Prof
Whitheld also records the occurrence of Cryptozoon Steeli, B.ainerd
and heely, in Bull. Am. Mus. N. Hist, vol. III., No. 1, p. 6, 1890.
XXIX. One mile and a half east of Phillipsburg, Que. ; purchased
from Cieorge Hogle, Esq., 1890.
Jirachiopoda ;
1. Orthis, sp. indt.
Gasteropoda :
2. Pleurotomaria, sp.
Cephalopoda :
3. (h-thoceras, cf. O. furtivum, Billings.
4. " sp.
8. " sp., cf. 0. Tityrus, Billings.
Trilobita :
6. Bathyurus, sp., c/. B. Saffordi, Billings.
XXX. Lot 22, Con. VI., Stanbridge, Que. ; R. W. Ells, 1890.
EchiHodermata :
1. Crinoidal fragments.
Iirachio]}oda ;
2. Lingulellu, sp. nov.
3. Discina, sp. nov.
4. Orthis Corinna, Billings.
5. " Armanda, Billings.
6. " cf. 0. Minna, Billings.
7. " sp. nov.
8. " sp. indt.
9. Leptella decipiens (?), Billings.
10. " sp.
11. Strophomena Aurora (?), Billings.
..^"\ " ^P- '^o^- With prominent thread-like radiatin"
lines, between which can be seen numerous and concentrically arranged
wrmkles or rugte resembling those of Strophomena (Leptagonia) rhom-
boidahs, Wilckens, and Strophomena Stephani, Barrande.
13. Poramlwnites, sp. nov., or other rhynchonelloid brachiopod
•whose aflSnities are not as yet ascertained. '
Gastero])oda :
14. Pleurotomaria, sp.
1 5. Clisospira curiosa, Billings.
128 .r
Q I' En EC.
CephaJiipoda :
Ifi. Orthoceras MiH.sis(|uoi, Hillings.
17. " sp.
Cirripedia ;
18. Turrile,m,s, sp. n„v. No. 1. Opercular valve of a s^K-cies of Tur-
niepaH w.th cmrselyinarked rai.s,Hl or pn.,ninont concentric lines of
sculpture when seen under a magnifying lens.
19 Turrilepas, sp. „ov. No. 2. (>p;rcular valve marked hv very fine
close y-arran«ed, concentric linos, Ifotl. species (18) and '(I'J. Nos
land -2 of this collection-are distinct fron. Turrilepas Canaden.sis,
Woo,lward, ,I..scr.be,l l,y Dr. Henry Woodward* from the Utica o
(.Ottawa, Canada.
Trilohitit :
20. AgnostuH, sp. nov.
-1- " fialha, Billings, or n. sp.
22. (?) Dikelocephalus, sp. (j)ygidia).
23. (?) Dolichonietopus, sp.
24. Hemopleurides atKnis, Hillings.
25. Bathyurus Saffordi, Hillings.
26. " Nero 11), Hillings, or a very closely related form
27. " sp.
28. Bathyurellus expansus, Billings.
29- " validus (?), Hillings.
30. Asaphus Huttoni (?), Billings.
31. " canalis (?), Conrad
32. lllienus consimilis, Billings.
33. •< arcuatus, Billings.
34. " incertus, Billings.
36. " simulator, Billings.
36. • " tumidifrons (i), Billings.
37. Cheirurus prolificus, Billings.
38. '« Vulcanus (?), Billings.
39. " sp.
40. Lichas Jukesii, Billings.
41. Harpides desertus, Billings.
42. Harpes Granti, Billings.
T> ^^^J:. ^*^^^' ^''"- ^^•' Stenbridge, Que. Collection made by
R. W. Ells, J. F. Whiteaves, and W. E. Deeks, in 1891.
The following additional species to list from preceding locality were
noted : — "^
Bryozoa :
1- Zo arium somewhat resembling that of Intricaria.
*Geol. Mag., vol. VI., p. 271, London, 1889.
lU*.
■]
APPENDIX.
Ii'9 J
Ganternfmda (?) .-
2. ClisoHpira curiosa, Hillings.
XXXII. One mile south of liedford, Quo., R. w. Ells, 1890.
OiiHteropodn :
1. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings.
XXXIII. Stanbridge, Que., J. F. Whiteaves, 1890.
(InxtorDpnda ;
PIcurotoinaria, sp.
2. Maclurea ponderosa, killings.
Trilohita :
3. Bollwcephalus (?), sp. indt.
X.KXIV. Three-eighths of a mile north of Mystic Station C P R
Stanbndge, Que., R. W. Ells and W. E. Deeks, 1890. '
Brachinpoda :
1. I^t'ptiena (Pleetambonites), sp.
2. Orthis (?), Armanda, iJillings.
3. Orthis Minna, Billings.
*• " sp. indt., No. 1.
^- " " No. 2.
Gasteropoda :
6. Maclurea ponderosa, Billings.
CephaJopoda :
Trifobitn :
8. (?) Remopleurides, sp.
9. Asaphus, sp., cf. A. canalis, Conrad.
10. Illan.us, sp., cj. I. fr.iternus, Billings.
11. " tumidifrons, Billings.
12. " sp. indt.
13. CheirurusPolydorus? Billings
l-*- " (?) sp. indt.
XXXV. Between Bedford and Parnham Ono /\t ^•
R. W. Ells, 1890. ^arnnam, Que. (Mystic station), Dr.
Brachiopoda :
1. Trematis or Lingula, sp. indt.
2. (?) Acrotreta, sp. indt.
3. Eichwaldia, sp.
4. Skenjdium (?) sp. -
9
N
130
QUEBEC.
Or a closely related species.
5. Orthis apicalis, Billings.
6. Triplesia radiata, WhitKeld.
Pturopoda :
7. Conularia plana, Whitfield.
Cephalopoda :
8. Cyrtoceras, sp.
9. Orthoceras, sp.
Trilobita :
10. Bathyurus, sp.
11. " Cordai, Billings.
12. " Saffordi, Billings.
13. ^glina, sp.
14. Amphion Westoni, Billings.
15. " or Cheirurus, sp.
16. Proetus roicropyge 1 Corda. Or a closely related and new species.
Ostracoda :
17. Primitia cristata? Whitfield.
XXXVI. One mile and a quarter east of Phillipsburg, north of the
road to St. Arinand, Que. Dr. Ells, Mr. J. F. Whiteaves, and Mr.
W. E. Deeks, August 11th, 12th, 13th and 14th, 1890.
Hydrozoa :
1. Stromatofciium or Cryptozoon, sp.
Brarhiopoda :
2. Lepta-na ? sp. indt.
3. Orthis, sp., cf. O. Minna, Billings.
4. " Corinna, Billings.
5. " Arinanda, Billings.
6. " Electra, Billings. ( = Dalmanella Electra.)
7. " n. sp.
8. (?) sp. indt.
9. Triplesia c:.Ic'fera, Billings.
10. " radiata, Whitfield.
11. " sp.
Gasteropoda :
12. Pleurotoniaria Missisquoi, Billings.
13. " vagrans ? Billings.
14. « cf. P. difficilis, Whitfield.
15. " Beek ma nensis, Whitfield.
(? = P. Calcifera, Billings.)
16. Murchisonia, sp. No. 1.
17. " sp. No. 2. N
s
ILLS
■]
APPENDIX.
131 J
Ns
18. Helicotonia, .sp.
19. Bellerophoa, sp. ■
20. Trybliaium pileolum, Whitfield.
21. Platyceras acutum, Wliitfield.
( = Ti7biidium acutum, Wliitfield.)
22. Ecculiomphalus (Phanerotinus) intortus, Billines
23. " ,sp. indt. ^'
24. Ophileta bella, Billings. (Euomphalus proper).
25. Calaurops lituiforinis, Whitfield.
26. Fusispiia, sp. indt.
Cepfialopocla :
27 Orthoceras sp., cf. O. bilineatum. Hall, also O. Cataline, Bill.,
Fig. 5, Bull. Am. Mus., N.H., vol. III., pi. 2.
28. Orthoceras, n. sp.
29. " sp.
30. " Lamarcki, Billings, or a cloHely related species.
31- " Cataline, Billings.
32. " furtivum (?), Billings.
33. Cyrtoceras, sp., ,•/. C. Raei, Whitfield.
34. " Kirbyi (?), Whitfield.
35. " (?), sp.
36. Gyroceras, sp.. No. 1.
37. " (?) sp., No. 2.
38. Lituites Farnsworthi, Billings.
Trilobita :
39. Asaphus canalis, Conrad.
40. " sp.
41. Nileus, sp. indt.
42. Bathyurus Saffordi, Billings.
43. Bathyurellus expansus (?) Billings.
44. Bolbocephalus Seelyi, Whitfield.
45. Illipnus, sp.
46. Cht'irurus, sp.
18?^^"" ^* ^^' '^"^^ ^^^ ^^'''^^"^g^' Q"«bec; Ells and Deeks,
Hydrozoa :
1. Hyalostelia (?) sp. Rod-like spicule (?) of a paheozoic sponge relat-
ed to this genus, if not the same.
2. Cryptozoon, sp., c/. C. Steeli, Brainerd and Seely (n. sp )_Bull
Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., vol. II. ^ ^ ^' ^""•
9^
132 J
QUEBEC.
Brachiopoda :
3. Leptiena (Plectambonites) sp.; a large form.
4. Orthis Evadne(?), Billings.
5. " sp. indt.
6. " sp. No. 1.
7. " sp. No. 2.
8. Triplegia radiata, Whitfield.
9. " calcifera, Billings.
10. " cf. T. lateralis, Whitfield.
Gasteropoda :
11. Pleurotomaria (?) sp., not sufficiently well preserved to ascertain
definitely.
Trilobita :
12. Bathyurus Saffordi, Billings.
13. " sp., c/. B. quadratus, Billings.
14. " sp. ^
15. Ilhenus, sp.
ZXXVIII. Stanbridge, Que., probably lot 20, range VI.; described
and recorded by E. Billings in "Paleozoic Fossils," vol. i, pp. 301-
OOu,
Brachiopoda :
1. Orthis Corinna, p. 302.
2. " Minna, p. 303.
3. Camerella breviplicata, p. 304.
4. " polita, p. 305.
6. " (?) costata, p. 305.
Gasteropoda :
6. Murchisonia Missisquoi, p. 307.
7. Bellerophon Palinurus, p. 311.
8. Ophileta bella, p. 310.
Trilobita :
9. Asaphus(?) curiosus, p. 318.
10. Bathyurellus expansus, p. 318.
11. Ainphion Westoni, p. 321.
12- " convexus, p. 323.
13. Cheirurus Glaucus, p. 323.
14- " Vulcanus, p. 324.
15. " prolificus, p. 325.
16. Remopleurides affinis, p. 325.
17. Ilhenus simulator, p. 327.
18. Harpes Granti, p. 326.
J
a:
ti
b
w«
W(
Ms
De
APPENDIX.
133 J
19. IlL-enus incertus, p. 332.
20. Lichas Jukesii, p. 335.
QUEBEC (CITY) FORMATION.
XXXIX. Lot 19, range II., Stanstead, Que. Collected by H M
Ami and R. W. Ells, 1886, in a cuttingon the main road, on the eastern
side of Lake Memphremagog, about 100 yards north of the entrance to
the grounds and residence of the late Sir Hugh Allan. Determined
by Dr. Charles Lapworth.
Graptolitoidea :
1. Diplograptusfoliaceus, Murchison (=Diplograptuspristis,Hall.)
2. Dicellograptus, sp., allied to D. Forchammeri, Geinitz.
^- " divaricatus, Hall.
4. Climacograptus perexcavatua, Lapworth.
5. Corynoides calycularis, Nicholson.
6. Dicranograptus sp. (?).
XL Lot 7, range XV., Magog, Que. Collected by H. M. Ami and R.
W. i.lls, 1886, about 150 yards south of the forks of the road along the
west side of Lake Memphremagog. Determined by Dr. Charles Lao-
worth. *^
Graptolitoidea :
1. Dicranograptus ramosus. Hall.
2. Diplograptus angustifolius. Hall.
3- " foliaceus, Murchison.
*• " perexcavatus, Lapworth.
5. Climacograptus bicornis, Hall.
6 " ccelatus, Lapworth.
XLI. Castle Brook, Willard's Mill, lot 5, range XV., township of
Magog, Que. Collections made here by Dr. R. W. Ells and W E
Deeks, 1890, and by H. M. Ami assisted by H. B. Cushing, 1894.
1. Leptograptus, sp. indt.
2. Dicellograptus, probably n. sp.
3. Dicranograptus ramosus, Hall.
4. Climacograptus bicornis. Hall.
**• " " var. scalaris.
6. " n. sp.
7. Diplograptus foliaceus, Murchison.
*^- " angustifolius,, Lapw.
9. Glossograptus ciliatus, Emmons.
10. Corynoides, sp.
134 J
QUEBSC.
XLII Bolton. A small collection-marked " loose "-probably
from lot 6, range XIII. of Bolton, west side of Lake Memphremagog,
1. Climacograptus bicornis, Hall.
2. Diplograptus foliaceus, Murchison.
^' *' angustifolius, Lapw.
XLIII DruAimondville, Que. Collected by a member of the
Geological Survey SUflf, 1863. In a rusty weathering indurated
graptohtic shale.
1. Leptograptus, sp.
2. Dicellograptus sextans, Hall.
3. Climacograptus, sp., r/. C. bicornis. Hall.
var. scalaris.
4. (?) Dendrograptus simplex, Walcott.
5. Leptobolus, sp., or a closely related genus of small brachiopod.
too imperfectly preserved and irregularly compressed to be identified
with certainty.
.^fl'^l- ^'''';"^*'" ^""*'-«' I^°t 26, Range I, Que. ; T. C. Weston,
187J. In a dark blue indurated limestone, weathering brown.
Billing?''''"""^ '^^"'°'" ""* ^^""^ ^^P"*'' *"" ^^ £olhop,yritesAv^ricanus,
liryozoa ;
2. Pachydictya, sp. A diminutive form of the genus.
Brachiopoda ;
3. Lingula, sp., cf. L. lole, Billings, or allied species. This form
may eventually prove to be a Schizambon.
4. Small Orthis-like or lept»T>noid shell, with two distinct kinds of
longitudinal cost^e. Fifteen (15) larger radiating costa. from the beak
.o the oacer margin, and smaller and more numerous costa. between
.nose larger ones-usually four in number between two of the larger
costa, counted along the outer margin. Genus and species not deter-
mined. A diminutive form allied to Leptiuna.
5. Orthis, sp., resembling O. delicatula, Billings.
Trilobita :
6. Ampyx Halli, Billings. Very small form. Cephalon, -5 mm
m breadth, and -85 mm. in length.
XLV Farnham, Que., Lot 26, Range L ; J. Richardson, 1861 In
a dark blue indurated brown weathering lim«^stone.
,..]
APPENDIX.
135 J
Brachiopoda :
1. Obolelloid shell. t5«neric relations obscure.
2. Lepticna, sp. A smooth variety which resembles L. sordida
Billings, and L. livvissima, McCoy, in " Synopsis of Silurian fossils
of Ireland," p. 27, pi. iii, fig. 7, 1846. A. Leptella.
3. Leptama, sp., cf. Orthis quitiquevostata, McCoy, p. 33, pi. iii, fig. 8
of "Synopsis of the Silurian fossils of Ireland," McCoy, 1840, .and
subsequently described as Leptwna quin.iuecostata, McCoy. Length
of hinge line in Farnham specimen = 1-25 mm. Possibly Leptella.
4. Leptiena, sp. Probably a Plectambonites, like P. sericea,
(Sowerby).
5. Strophomena, sp., resembles very closely " Orthis tmdnlata,
McCoy " in his " Synopsis of the Silurian fossils of Ireland," p. 36, pi. iii.
fig. 22, 1846. ^
6. Strophomena, c/. S. Aurora, Billings, but much smaller,apparently
a diminutive form with coarse and fine striw alternating.
7. Orthis, sp. cf. O. Electra, Billings. With rather strong radiating
costal This form appears to be a true Dalmanella.
8. Orthis, cf. O. delicatula, Billings.
9. " sp., indt.
10. Rhynchonella or Camerella (Triplesia). Too imperfect for
identification.
C'irripedia ;
11. Turrilepas (?), sp.
Trihhita B
12. Triarthrus, sp.; cf. T. Fischeri, Billings, or T. Angelini, Linnars-
son.
13. Ampyx Halli, Billings.
14. Asaphus- or IlUenus-like fragments, too imperfect for determi-
nation. •
15. Lichas (?), sp. An obscure portion of the cephalic shield of a
trilobite resembling this genus.
16. Dalmanites, sp., of the type of Dalmanites callicephalus, Green.
Ostracoda :
17. Leperditia, or^Beyrichia, sp. '
XLVI. Lot 41, ranges V. and VI., West Farnham, Que.; T. C.
Weston, 1876. (Two collections, A and B).
A — In light-coloured rock atid shales.
Gasteropoda :
1. Cast of the interior of a gasteropod, probably a Pleurotomaria or
Holopea.
136
QUKBEC.
-. Oph.leta(?)bella, Billings. Referable to the genus Euomphalus
3 Lophospra (?), sp. indfc. Portion of the last or body "£on
of a large gasteropod, cf. Lophospira Cassina, Whitfield ^
4. Maclurea, sp.
Trilobita :
5. llhenus or Asaphus, sp. Too imperfect for identification.
S~In black rusty-weathering shales.
Echinodermata :
1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments.
Brachiopoda ;
2. Leptasna (?), sp. indt.
3. Orthis, sp. Too fragmentary for identification.
Trilobita ;
4. Bathyurus, sp. A very diminutive form.
XLVII Lot 41, Range V., Farnham, Que.; J. Richardson, 1861 In
a compact hght-coloured limestone, made up of small i regularly
rounded pellets showing oolitic structure. irregularly-
Gasteropoda :
1. Bucania, sp. Probably a new species. Not Bellerophon Palin-
rus. Umbdicus open with fairly sharp keel on back
..Maclurea, sp., of. M. ponderosa, Billings. A very small but
^lerably perfect cast of a species of Maclurea.'in cha*t7rsTn1 pt
portions agreeing with M. ponderosa, Billings. ^
F- Jnh^" n ^* ^ V"''^' "^"•' ^'^■''"^""' Q"«- ' J- Richardson, 1861
Farnham Centre, Que.; T. C. Weston, 1872. In black rusty
weathering and wrinkled shale. ' ^•
Graptolitoidea : .
1. Fragments of graptolite, genus and species undeterminable
showing the hydrothec. only on one side of'the polyparrThe e
are visible some sixty (60) hydrothec.^ in the space of five (5) centT
T^t^'Z T Vr '^^'^ ^'^^ ^'^'''^^- ^^« ^'^'^ resemble iat of
Castle Brook, Lake Memphremagog.
XLIX. Road, Farnham Centre to Cowansville, 2i miles west of
Cowausville, lot 36. range VI., Dunham, Que. ; 'r. V Ells 1 90
In a very coarse and hard bluish-gray limestone.
Echinodermata :
1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments.
'•]
APPENDIX.
137 J
BrachiojMcla
2. Leptiena (Plectambonites) sp. Fragmer.t. :
3 Orthis, type of Dalmanella testudinaria Dalraan. A very small
and diminutive form. ^ ^
Trilobif - .-
4. Asaphus or fragment of asaphoid trilobite
field, Bilhngs. Note-Also an obscure bryozoary allied to Ptilodictya.
L. Allan's Corners, Que. ; R. W. Ells, 1890.
Echinodermata ;
Bryosoa :
2. Ptilodictya, sp., or allied genus.
Brachiopoda :
3. Leptajna (Plectambonites) sp. like P. sericea, Sowerby
4. Lept.ena decipiens, Billings. ( = Leptella decipiens. Hall).
5. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman
Trilobita :
7. Asaphus, sp.
8. Dalnianites, sp.
tiot^' "^°* "^' '^"^^ ^■' ^*'* ^^'''^^"^'n. Q»e. ; Geological Survey collec-
The following notes were prepared by the late Mr. E. Billings.
" The fossils of the Farnham limestones are for the most part in a
fragmentary condition, and not determinable specifically. The follow-
ing genera have, however, been recognized :—
the'Lvfr^'"'*'^"'' ^ '^'"''" "^""""^^ resembling G. bryonoides of
" 2. Ptifodiy,, like P. acuta of the Trenton. This genus is un-
known below the Chazy.
'• 3. Stenopora. This genus ranges from the Levis upwards
4. Orthw. Ranges from the Menevian upwards.
^'' 5. Leptcena. One species, L. decipiens, occurs in the I^vis.'
b. Ampyx. Ranges from the I^vis upwards.
•' 7. Dnlmanites. Not known below the Trenton.
'■ 8. Lichas. L^vis upwards.
138
QUEBEC.
" 9. Triarthrna. L(5vis upwards.
" ^.0. Trmucleus. Not known below the Trenton.
"11. Agnostus. Occurs in the Levis and older rocks in America.
In Jiurope, somewhat higher.
" The following are the peculiarities of this collection :—
" The genera of trilobites characteristic of the Levis are absent The
genera (of trilobites) that do occur, are those of the higher rocks The
brachiopoda are more like those of the Trenton than those of the
Quebec group. PtUodktya and Stenopora are also types that had their
greatest development after the general fauna of the Levis became
extinct. The graptolite is of a type characteristic of the Levis and of
the Skiddaw slates. Tiie Agno.tm is one of a type that ran^s from
the Lower Silurian downwards.
"The most curious ehuracter is that of the two genera (.l^„„s^„« and
Graptohthus) which f. re common in the Levis, and represented by full-
sized individuals. But all those characteristic of the higher rocks are
nimute. The trilobites when perfect were mostly not more than
three or four lines in length. This may be thus accounted for It
IS known that on their first appearance many genera and even
families consist of only very small species. The Trenton forms at
Farnham, therefore, may be the ancestors of the species that after-
wards came in. The fossils thus far collected, at this locality, furnish
no evidence whatever that the rock is older than the Levis, but rather
that It IS a stage more recent than the limestone of Point Levis and
Philhpsburg."
" E. B."
LIL Clarenceville, Que., range IIL, one mile and a half west of
village, on the road from Lacolle, Que. ; R. W. Ells and W E Deeks
12th June, 1891. (Range IIL. Township of Foucault, Que., between
Richelieu River and Missisquoi Bay.)
Graptolitoidea :
1. Diplograptua foliaceus, Murchison.
2- " angustifolius, Hall.
3- " pristis (?), Hisinger (as of Hall).
4. Dicranograptus ramosus, Hall.
5. Climacograptus bicornis. Hall.
LIIL Ix)t 20, range V., Stanbridge, Que. ; about half a mile north
of road to North Stanbridge, R. W. Ells, 1890. In a dark grayish-
blue pyntiferous limestone.
IIU.]
APPENDIX.
]39
Graptolitoidea ;
in the space o'f Te 2S"^^ '"""^' '''''''''''"' ^'^^' ^^ (^«)
thect o!r/o:'i;:e sit:;'"':"' "' ^''^^ ^''^'^ ^^^^^^ *° «^- m™.
4. (vObolus?Murruyi, Billings.
6." Wet 'fo "^r t^tT'"' '^'"•"^'■^' ^-^""^ '"'^-'d-'^'^-
7 O fh p Tf thl : rT'rr-' '"'•' °^ '""^^^^ -^'^^^d thereto,
compared w ^h Ne J T 1 ^''""'"''^' ^^"'"^'^' ^"* ^'^ti-t -'-n
see/t o be rot f . ^ ""-"-^IfP-'-ens of O. delieatula. There are
8. OrthiTpIrre^C^l!'"^-^^^^^ ^-"«- -- ^-realated.
the type o^ a'^^^a'' "" ""'" ^°™ "''^ *'" ^'''^ '^'^'^- «"« «ost«of
Gasteropoda :
11. Scenelhi or Metoptoma, sp.
Pferopoda :
12. Hyolithes or Coleoprion, sp.
Trilobita : "
13. Bathyurus-Iike trilobite, small head shield only preserved
■ l1;:f "' ^P- f'' "^^ ^-P^- - closely related gnus
l'^- Illa>nus, sp. indt. pygidium. ®
\tracoda''- ^"° '"^P^^^^ ^^ identification.
17. Isochilina or Polycope, sp. indt.
Graptolitoidea .■
1. Climacjgraptus, n. sp. (?)
J" ,-^. " bicornis? Hall.
•J. » Dicranograptus sp.
TRENTON FORMATION.
BLACK RIVER DIVISION.
arnston, jr. (Geological Survey Museum, Ottawa):—
.•:-■• B
140 J
QUEBEC.
Eoophyta :
1. Coluiunaria Halli, Nicholson.
Pelecyjwda :
2. Cyrtodonta subcarinata, Billings.
Ganteropoda :
3. Pleurotomaria Arachne, Billings.
Cephalopoda :
4. Aetinoceras Bigsbyi, Stokes.
Trilohita :
5. Bathyurus extans, Hall.
6. Encrinurus vigilans, Hall.
LVI. Pointe Claire, old quarries for stone in piers of Victoria bridge
Jacques Cartier Co.. Island of Montreal. Que. Peter Redpath Mu eu^
collection. McGill University, Montreal.
Hydroida :
1. Stromatocerium rugosum, Hall.
Zoophyta :
2. Tetradium fibratum, Safford.
Bryozoa :
^ 3. Pachydictya acuta. Hall.
Brachiopoda :
4. Trematis Montrealensis, Billings.
Pelecypoda :
5. Cyrtodonta Huronensis, Billings
6. " sp. ^'
Gasteropoda ;
7. Murchisonia perangulata. Hall.
8. Helicotoma larvata, Salter.
Cephalopoda :
9. Orthoceras multicameratum. Hall.
10. Gonioceras anceps, Hall.
Ostracoda ;
11. Primitia leperditioides, Jones.
Trilobita :
12. Bathyurus extans, Hall.
13. Encrinurus vigilans (?), Hall.
J^sus, Lava Co Que. Collected by Dr. R. W. Ells and Mr. J. F.
Whiteaves, 189o. Determined by Mr. Whiteaves in September. 1895
■lU.]
APPBNDIX.
Planttp ;
1. Licrophycu« Ottawai^nsis (?), Billings.
Hydroida :
2. Stromatocerium rugosum (?), Hall.
Zoophyta :
3. Tetradium fibratum, Safford
4. Columnaria Halli, Nicholson.
5. Streptelasma corniculum, Hall.
Bryozoa ;
6. Pachydictya acuta, Hall.
Crinoidea :
7. Glyptocrinus, stem fragments.
Bnu'hiopoda :
a Strophomena incurvata, Shepard.
Pelecypoda :
9- Cyrtodonta Huronensis, Billings.
Gasteropoda :
10. Murchisonia gracilis, Hall.
Cephalopoda :
11. Gonioceras anceps, Hall.
12. Actinoceras Bigsbyi, .Stokes.
13. Cyrtoceras, several species.
14. Orthoceras <<
141
TRENTON DIVISION.
June!"/9l''- '''"^"■^"^' ^- Higher beds. W. E. Deeks, I9th
^chinodermata :
1. Crinoidal or cystidean fragments.
■Sryozoa :
.2. Prasopora Selwyni, Nicholson* C— P i
t>. Urthis tncenaria, Conrad
7- " sp.
a Platystrophi^bJfor^ta^Sc^^ lynx. Eichwald
M.c...ec.o„ 213, o^iiri;:^^:^a:r:^^^dV^5^
142 .r
qVKnKC.
9. Strophoineaa incurvata, Shopard, Hall.
10. Hafine,squii,a alternata (Conrad), Emmons.
11. Plectainlwjnites seiicea, Sowerby,
Cephatopoda ;
12. Orthoceras (?) .sp.
TrihMla :
13. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton.
14. Cttlymene Honaria, Conrad.
li>. Asaphus, sp.
.nuT. St. Dominique Que.; T. C. Weston, 1879, and J. Richard-
son, date not g.ven. The rock is a sul.-crystalline limestone traversed
m many directions by white veins of calcite.
Bryozoa :
1. Prasopora Selwyni, Nicholson.
2. (?) Monotryi)ella Trentonensis, Nicholson.
Brachiopoda :
3. Orthis tricenaria, Conrad.
■i. Platystrophia biforata, Schlotheim, var. lynx, Eichwald
o. Strophomena incurvata, Shepard.
6. Kafinesquina alternata (Conrad), Emmons.
7. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby.
Trilohita :
8. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes.
( = Isotelus gioiis. DeKay.)
9. (?) Encrinurus vitrilans. Hall.
LX. St. Pie Que. ; Thus. C. Weston. 1S79. In a dark gray impure
Innestone with white veins of calcite. Not classified :-SoLioporI
compacta, Billings. ^
Bryvzoa :
1. PrasofKira Selwyni, Nicholson.
2. (?) Monotrypella Trentonensis, Nicholson.
Brach ioftoilii :
3. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman.
4. Platystrophia biforata, Schlotheim, var. lynx, Eichwa'd
•^. Rafinesquina alternata (Conrad), Emmons.
6. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby.
Gasteropoda :
7. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby.
8. Murchisonia gracilis, HalL
••J
APPEVniX.
14;J J
TrUobitn :
y. Ciilyniene senaria ?, Conrad.
10. A.saphu8 I.latycej.httlu.s?, Stokes.
on^tftninf :^;::;f .;- ?"- ^-^'' -^ Abhousfonl. Qu..
Ei'h inndennnta :
1. Crinoidal fragments.
Jiryoxoa ;
2. Pra.sopora Solwyni, Nicholson.
3. Pachydictya acuta, Hall.
Jirniliiopoda :
4. Lingula riciniformis ?, Hall
6 Pw'/'''t"T-f "^^ testudi'naria. Dahnan sp.
6. PlatyHtroplua b.forata. Schlotheim, var. ly„v Eichwald
7. Kafaae,s.,u.„a alternata (Conrad), E.nmons. '•
o. i'iectainbonites sericea, Sowerby.
Cephalopoda :
9. Endocerasprofuforme, ..r. tenuistriatum, Hall
10. Orthoceras bijineatum, Hall.
Trilohita :
11. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton.
12. Calynieue senaria, Conrad.
13. Asapl.us piatycephalus, Stokes.
.omert.! induLed l™»to„; '-- * """""'j "^l^d •"<!
Brnchiopoda :
1. Plectorthis plicatella (Orthis), Conrad.
-. Dalmanella testudinaria (Orthis), Dalman
J. Urthis tncenaria, Conrad.
Sryozoa :
1. Pachydictya acuta, Hall.
144
QUEBEC.
2. Prasopora Selwyni, Nicholson.
3. Other montiouliporoidea requiring micro-sections.
Brachiopoda :
4. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman.
5. Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella, Conrad.
6. Orthis (Dinorthis) pectinella, Emmons.
7. Ratinesquina alternata (Conrad), Emmons.
8. Strophomena incurvata, Shepard.
9. Rhynchotrenia inrequivalvis, Castelnau.
( = Rhynchonella increbescens, Hall.)
1 0. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby.
Gasteropoda :
11. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby.
12. Raphistoma lapicida, Salter.
Pteropoda :
13. Conularia Trentonensis, Hall.
Cephalopoda :
14. Orthoceras arcuoliratum, Hall.
15. 16. Orthoceras, two species as yet undetermined.
Trifohita:
17. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton.
18. Calymene senaria, Conrad.
19. Asaphus megistos, Locke.
20. Harpes Ottawaensis, Billings.
^LXIV Mile-End Quarries, &c, Island of Montreal, HocheWa
County, Que. Classified list of species compiled from various sourcT
Asteroidea :
1. Edrioaster Bigsbyi, Billings.
Cystoidea :
2. Pleurocystites squamosus, Billings.
3- " exornatus, Billings.
4. Glyptocystites Logani, Billings.
^- " " var. gracilis, Billings.
^- " multiporus, Billings.
Crinoidea :
7. Dendrocrinus acutidactylus, Billings.
8- " proboscidiatus, Billings.
9- " cylindricus, Billings.
10. Heterocrinus Canadensis, Billings.
!!• " tenuis, Billings.
nn.]
APPENDIX.
145 J
12. ArcluBocrinus pyrifomis, Billings, sp.
1 J. Cleiocnnus grandis, Billings.
Bryozoa :
14. Subretepora reticulata Hill / __ t * • •
former reports). ' ^ = Intncana reticulata, Hall, of
ifl D " I^awsoni, Ulrich.
itJ. -Protocrisina exigua, Ulrich.
17 Pi.vll ^T^"';«f"'"'*?P«'-^ntiqua, Hall.)
8 p"^"T''"''' Trentonensis, Nicholson.
l». ±'achydictya acuta. Hall.
on Bu " triserialis, Ulrich.
:, • Ph«3nopora incipiens, Ulrich.
^1. Aematopora ovalis, Nicholson
„• f ••t'"-oneffla tenue, James sp.
-J. Amplexopora superba, Foord
-4. Prasopora Sehvyni, Nicholson.
Brachiopoda :
25. Linguk quadrata, Eichwald.
6. •' Kingstonensis, Billings.
^^- " riciniformis. Hall.
28. " Progne, Billings.
-9- " Daphne, Billings.
JO- " Philomela, Billings.
33. Tre«i, .e™i„,|i, e„^"1< " ''■'•■- °-. antags).
o-\, ," ■ lontrealensis, Billings.
30. Orthis (Pla-siomys) subquadrata. Hall
37 .. (D-J^anella) testudinaria, Dalman.
38 P. . /^'°.°''*'^'«) Pectinella, Em^^ons.
39 Rtl'^'^*'-«P'^-f^^«-ta. var. lynx, Eichwald.
^9. Rafinesquma deltoidea, Conrad sp.
41 " Pl«.f " V. ■ ^'*^™*^' rConrad) Emmons.
41. Plectambon.tes sericea, Howerby
4- Rhynchotrema in.cquivalvis, Castelnau.
43. Zygospiia recurvirostra. Hall.
^^- " deflecta. Hall.
45. Anastrophia hemiplicata, Hall.
Pelecypoda ;
46. Avicula Hermione, Billings
10
146 J
QUEDEC.
47. Modiolopsis carinata, Hall. '
48. " faba, Conrad.
49. Ctenodonta dubia, Hall.
50. " nasuta, Hall.
51. " astartieformis,, Salter.
52. Ambonychia bellistriata, Hall.
Gasteropoda : •
53. Ecculiomphalus Trentonensis, Conrad.
54. Cyrtolites compre.ssus, Emmons.
55. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby.
56. Trochonema umbilicatura, Hall.
57. Cycloneraa Montrealense, Billings.
58. " Hageri, Billings.
59. Holopea symmetrica, Hall.
60. " Nereis, Billings.
61. Subulites subfusiforrais, Hall.
62. Metoptoma Trentonensis, Billings.
63. Conularia Trentonensis, Hall.
64. Murchisonia gracilis, Hall
65. Pleurotomaria Americana, Billings.
Cepluilopoda :
66. Orthoceras strigatum. Hall.
67. " bilineatum, Hall.
68. Cyrtoceras Juvenale, Billings.
69. " macrostomum (?), Hall.
70. Endoceras proteiforme. Hall.
71. " " var. lineolatum, Hall.
Vei'ines ;
72. Serpulites dissolutus, Billings.
73. Cornulites Hexuosus, Hall.
Trilobita :
74. Trinucleus concentricus, Eaton.
75. Calymene senaria, Conrad.
76. Cheirurus pleurexanthemus. Green.
77. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes ( = Isotelus gigas, DeKay).
Ostracoda ;
78. Leperditia Canadensis, var. nana, Jones.
LXV. Joliette, County of Joliette, L'Assomption River, Que • col-
lector, H. M. Ami, 1881.
GraptoHtoidea ;
1. Diplograptus, cf. D. putillus, HaU.
'J
APPENDIX.
147
Bryozoa :
2. Pachydictya acuta, Hall.
^- " sp. indt.
4. Ptilodictya maculata, Ulrich
5. Monotrypella Trentonensis, Nicholson,
b. Prasopora Selwyni, Nicholson.
7. Amplexopora Canadensis, Foord
^ J. Solenopora compact., Billings. (Zoological affinities in ques-
Crinoidea :
9. Glyptocrinus ramulosus, Billings.
Brachiopoda :
10. Ortl, (Plectorthis) plicatella, Conrad
19 T. '1 (^''''"''"«"^) teBtudinaria, Dalman.
1- Rafinesquina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons.
IJ. 1 lectambonites sericea, Sowerby.
} kropoda. :
C >nularia Trentonensis, Hall.
(gasteropoda :
15. Cyclonema bilix, Hall.
16. Trochonema umbilicatum, Hall.
17. Pleurotomaria Progne, Billings.
Cephalopoda^
18. Endoceras proteiforme. Hall.
19. " multitubulatum, Hall.
Vermes :
20. Serpulites dissolutus, Billings.
Trilobita :
21. Calymene senaria, Conrad.
22. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes.
23. Illajnus, cf. I. Milleri, Biilings.
24. Cheirurus pleurexantheinus, Green.
J. Giroux, October, 1892 :_ ^' ^ ' *'°"«<'tor, N.
Graptolitoidea :
2. Amplexopora or Batostoma sp.
3. Pachydictya acuta. Hall,
148 J
QUEBEC.
4. Ptilodicfcya maculata, Ulrich.
5. Solenopora compacta, Billings.
Brnchiopoda :
6. Lingula Philomela (?), Billings.
7. " or Discina sp., too imperfect for identification.
8. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman.
9. Orthis tricenaria (?), Conrad.
10. Rafinesquinu alternata (Conrad), Emmons.
11. Strophomena incurvata, Shepard.
Pteropoda :
12. Conularia quadrata, Walcott, or allied .species.
13. " Trentonensis, Hall.
Trilobifa :
14. Acidaspis spiniger, Hall.
15. Cheirurus pleurexanthemus, Green.
16. Asaphus platycephalus, Stokes.
17. Illrenus Milleri. Billings.
UTICA FORMATION.
T, ^^I^^?" ^'^'■^f «^^"«' Q»«-. '^^Se IV., ridge east of the village :
R. W. Ells and W. E. Deeks, 12th June, 1891.
SpongicK :
1. ? Cyathophycus reticulatus, Walcott.
Graptolitoidea ;
2. Climacograptus, sp. •
3. Orthograptus quadrimucronatus, Hall.
Cephalopoda :
4. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall. ^
(?=-Orthoceras lamellosum. Hall).
Trilohita :
5. Triarthrus sp., cf. T. glaber, Billings.
6- " Becki, Green. .
LXVIII. Lacolle, Que., half a mile east of the village, in river along
side of road to (Jrand Trunk station. R. W. Ells and W E Deeks.
12th June, 1891. " "
Graptolitoidea :
1. Climacograptus, sp. Same form also occurs at Holland Patent
N.Y., and is referable to C. bicornis, Hall, by most writers.
ILU. I
APPENDIX.
149 J
2. Diplograptus mucronatus (?), HaJl.
Brachiopoda :
3. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby.
Trilobita :
4. Triarthrus Becki, Green.
irraptohtoidea :
1. Ortiiograptus quadriniucronatus, Hall.
Trilobita .•
2. Triarthrus Becki, Green.
Graptolitoidea :
1. Dendrograpfus simplex, Walcott.
^. Reteograptus ? Euchans, Hall
3. Orthograptus quadriinucronatus. Hall
4. ^liniacograptus-Scharenbergi(?) Lap.
Cephalopoda .;
5. Endoceias proteiforme, Hall.
Trilobita :
6. Triarthrus Becki, Green.
LXXI. Montreal. Que.; also collected by Thos Cn-rv .,
ern extremity of St Helen'« T=i„ i j "^ /^'os. Curry, on the west-
Graptolitoidea: f - ■
1. Climacograptus sp.
2. Leptograptus flaccidus. Hall.
3. Diplograptus sp. ^
■Bracliiopoda :
4. Leptobolus insignis.
5. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman.
Vermes :
6. Cornuliles immaturum, Hall.
Cephalopoda.
7. Orthoceras lamellosum. Hall.
i
150 J
QUEBEC.
LORRAINE FORMATION.
LXXII. Chambly, Que. W. E. Decks, 1890.
Echinodermata :
1. Crinoidal fragrrents.
Graptolitoidpa :
2. (?^ Orthograptus quadriniucronatus, Hall.
Bmchiojmda :
3. Pholidops subtruncatus, Hall.
4. Rafine-squina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons.
5. Streptorl.ynchus Trentonensis, Winchell and Schuchert
6. Lepta-na (Plectambonites) sericea, Sowerby. Two varieties of
this species occur in the collection.
7. Rhynchotrema imequivalvis.. Castelnau, sp.
8. Zygospira Headi, Billings.
Pelecypoda :
9. Pterinea demissa, Conrad.
10. Lyrodesma pulchellum, i.mmons.
11. Orthodesma pholadis (?), Conrad.
12. Modiolopsis curta, Hall.*
13- " faba, Conrad.
14. Ambonychia (Byssonychia) radiata, Hall.
Ganteropoda :
15. Beilerophon bilobatus, Sowerby.
16. Murchisonia gracilis, Hall.
17. " Milleri, Hall.
Trilobita :
18. Calymene, sp. indt.
19. Illainus, sp. indt.
20. Proetus, sp.
LXXIII. St. Hyacinthe, Que. ; W. E. Deeks, 1891 :—
Echinodermata :
1. Crinoidal stems and fragments.
Hydromedasm :
2. (??)Sagenella ambigua, Walcott, parasitic on the shell of an
orthoceratite.
3. Orthograptus quadrimucronatus. Hall.
•Also Clidophorus planuktus, Conrad, and a s^^deTTcHmacograptus;
•J
APPENDIX.
1;-)! J
Bryozoa :
4. Monticuliporoidea, requiring micro-sections.
Brachiopoda :
5. Lingula, sp. inclt.
6. Orthis (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman.
7. Leptiena (Plectambonites), sp.
8. Rhynchotrema ina'quivalvis, Castelnau.
9- Zygospira modesta, Say.
Pelecypoda :
10. Clidophorus planulatus.
1 1 . Nucula levata, ilall.
12. Modiolopsis curta, Hall.
' 13- " faba, Conrad.
^^- " modiolaris (?), Conrad.
15. Lyrodesma post-striatum, Emmons.
16. Orthodesma pholade, Conrad.
Gaattropodi' :
17. Cyrtolites ornatus (?), Conrad.
18. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby.
19. Tro.,iiolites, sp.
Cephalopoda :
^20. Endoceras proteiforme, Hall, probably Orthoceras lamellosum,
Trilobita :
22. Trianhrus. sp., cf. T, Becki, Green.
ServaiUes River, near St. Hyacinthe, Que. N. J. Giroux, 1890.
Echinodermata :
Crinoidal columns and other fragments.
Hydromcdusre :
. (?) Alecto or other related genus.
Brachiopoda :
Lingula, sp.
Pholidops subtruncatus. Hall.
Orthis (Dalmanella) te.studinaria, Dalman
6. Orthis (Dinorthis) pectinella, Conrad.
7. Orthis (Plectorthis) plicatella. Hall.
8. Rafinesquina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons.
1.
3.
4.
5.
162 .1
QUEBEC.
0. 8trophomena Trentonensis, Winchell & Schuchert).
iU. 1 lectumbonites sericea, Sowerby.
11. Hhynthotrema iniuquivalvis, Castelnau.
Pdecypoda: ,
12. Modiolopsis, sp.
13. A.nb.)nychia (Byssonychia) radiata, Hall.
GiiHteroftoda :
H. Cyrtolites, sp.
Cirripedia :
15. Turrilepas (?), sp.
Trilohita:
16. Trinucleus conceatricus (?), Eaton. Possibly a ne^v form.
i-i. lnarthrus(?), sp. indt.
18. Calymene .senaria, Conrad.
19. Asaphus niegistos, Locke.
LXXV. Rougemont, Que. ; Thos. Curry, 1872.
Eclnnoihriiiata:
1. Crinoidal fragments.
Bmchiopoda :
2. Lingula curta (!), Hall.
3. Pholidops subtruncatus, Hill.
4. Orthis (Hebertella) ooeidentalis, Hall.
5. (Dalmanella) testudinaria, Dalman.
6. Plectambonites sericea, Sowerby.
7. RaHnesquina alternata, (Conrad) Emmons.
■ 8. Strophomena nitens, Billings.
9. Zygospira Headi, Billings.
Peleeypoda :
10. Orthodesma parallelum, Hall.
11. Clidophorus planulatus, Conrad.
12. Orthode.sma pholade Hall.
13. Pterinea demissa, Conrad.
Gaufcropoda :
H. Bellerophon bilobatus, Sowerby.
15. Cyclonema?? sp. indt.
16. Cyrtolites ornatus, Conrad.
Trilobita :
17. Calymene senaria, Conrad.
18. Asaphus sp.
tiu.J
APPKNDIX.
LXXVI. River des Hurons, Que. T. Curry, 1872.
Pelecypoda :
1. Ambonychia (Byssonychia) radiata, Hall sp
2. Ptermea dernissa, Conrad ' ^
0. Modiolop8i3 modiolari8, Conrad.
^ '' anodontoides, Connwl.
R nvjx ", P''0'adiformis, Hall,
b. Chdophorusp]anulatu.s, Conrad.
1. ^rthodesrua parallelum, Hall.
Trilobifa :
8- Triarthrus Becki, Green.
9. Asaphus niegistos, Locke.
153 .1
SILURIAN FOSSILS.
Zoophyta ;
in the space of a Uttle over t rfn" ^''"' ''^'''' '^"^ ^-^i*-
'neasure three (3) ™illi,netLs '"•"''"^*'-^- The largest corallite.s
^J«I'I-f Hall'^r? ■■""'""• --"'testhan sp. No 1 c/ /'
-iiiin.etre:;t!:ia^crt::s'''^^r' ^^^'^"-'^^^ ^^-'-e
3 Syringopora, sp. indt ''" °' °"^ ^^"*^'"«*-
ouni^^S'^Sy^^"'^^^ ^^'^ ^^'^^^^"^ ^-^"'^ ^'^theeir-
Echinodermata :
Brachiopoda :
Gasteropoda :
ments as (ollo,v.,:_ ^'' °' "•" ^"'^ *«•. »'"i measure.
154 ,1
(iUKBEC.
(1.) Embryonic shelJ, 1 inm. across,
(2.) lat volution 3 " "
(3.) 2nd " 8 " "
(4.) ;}rcl or body volution 15 mm. across.
The specimen is preserved as a mould of the exterior ir possibly as
a mould of the cast of the interior of the shell.
LXXVIII. "Georgeville," Que.; A. Webster, 1879:—
Zoophyta ;
1. Halysites catenularia, Linnreus.
2. Favosites Gothland !■ us, L anarck. A tolerably well preserved
specimen, showing the mural pores, Jic; resembles the form occurring
near Tuck's Landing, Sargent's Bay, on the west side of the lake.
3. Favosites, sp., c/ F. fa vosus, Goldfuss. With exceptionally lar^e
corallites. "
4. Zaphrentis, sp.
Echinodennata :
5. Fragments of crinoidal columns.
LXXIX. Capt. Gully's point, opposite Owl's Head, Lake Mem-
phremagog, Que.; Ells, 1890.
Hydroida :
1. Stromatoporoid (undetermined).
Zoophyta :
2. Favosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck.
3. " with smaller corallites, and resembling F. Helder-
bergiffi. Hall.
LXXX. Round Island, Lake Memphremagog, Que.; Ells, July,
1890 (in a dark gray glossy pyritiferous calcschist ; obscure fossils).
1. iStromatopora, sp.
2. Heliolites, sp. Very imperfectly shown.
3. Favosites, sp. indt.
LXXXI. Knowlton Landing, Que.; Ami, 1886, (now known as
Tuck's Landing P.O., Que.), Sargent's Bay, Lake Memphremagog,
Plantoe ;
1. Psilophyton, sp.
Zoophyta :
2. Favosites Gothlandicus, Lamarck
lUI.]
3. ]
£t
4. 1
LXX
real (Dh
sity) :--
Besid(
Zoo
1. Fi
2.
3.
4. Pa
5. ? I
6.
7. Uii
Bryo
8. Cal
9. Pol
10. Fer
11. Ptil
Brad
12. Cho
13. Ortl
14. Ortl
15. «'
inenoides, '.
16. Stro
17.
18. Stro J
var. arata.
19. Strof
strongly an
20. ? Str
anum. Hall.
21. Lepts
22. Strop
radiatum, \
..]
APPENDIX.
155 ,T
Sryozoa :
3. Polypora or Monticuliporoid.
Brachiopoda :
4. Rhynchonella, «p.; typo of R. Wilsoni, Sowerby.
LOWER IIELDERBERO DIVISION.
sity) :_ ' ^'*'' ^^"^P-^^h Museum of McGill Univer-
Besides nu.nerous fragments of crinoidal columns, Ac
^oophyta :
1. Fuvositea. ef. F. Gothlandicus, Lamarck
^- ^' '•esembling P. Helclerberguv., Hal].
"^- t sp. indt
4. Pachypora ? sp.
5. ? Zaphrentis sp. No. 1.
^- " sp. No. 2."
7. Undetermined cyathophylloid coral.
Bryozoa :
8. Callopora or Calloporella sp
9. Polypora, ef. P. perangulata. Hall.
10. Fenestella (?) sp. indt.
11. Ptilodictya? sp.
Brachiopoda :
12. Chonetes,o/:C.melomcaorn.sp.
4 o?v'V£':'^'^.'^'^^'''^''''(^'''P^^'«'"«'Weminens Hall
14. Orthis (Rlnpidomella) oblata, Hall
menoides,' Hair"'""' "'""'^* ^^''^^^ (Orthostrophia) stropho.
16. Strophonella punctulifera, Conrad.
• "• cavumbona, Hall.
V.' 1!^"°'°'"' ''"'"™'^ -^o-"^. »ko»in« .e„d.„c, wd,
19. Slrophodonto varistriat., Conrad V«r Thl. t
21. I^pugonia rho„boidalw, Wilcken.,.
radt„rt,T™;' *•" ~™''"°« -—tat »r.ptorV„oh„,
106 J
QDEDEC.
23. Spirifera concinnii, Hull.
2»' " " (large variety).
25. " cf. S. Cumbeilatuliiis Hall.
26. •' n. sp. (?); also another of the type of S. arenosa, Conrad
2'. " cycloptera, Hall.
28. <. «p. ,,itl, f,o,„ eighteen t« twenty costa. on each side of
the mesial s.nu... Oeneral appearance very much like S. penuata
(-a. mucronata), not quite m arcuate and the concentric lines of
growth are not so strongly lamelios.. or rugose.
29. Si)irifera, <;/. S. perlamellosa, Hall.
30. Atrypa reticularis, Linnaus.
31. Trematospira multistriata, Hall, or closely related species,
oo' '['^'"••''ynchus, sp. indt. Unlike L. nn ricostun., Hall.
AA. ithynchonella abrupta. Hall.
34. Rhynchonella, cf. R. acutiplicativ, Hall.
^^- " 'I'quivalvis (?), Hall, possibly a Renssela-ria.
Formosa, Hall. S^nce referred to the genus
Stenoschisma.
^^' " nucleolata, Hall.
38. " nobilis, Hall. One of the specimens found in
IZnTZr *'"' 'P"'''"^ •^^"'•^'^ strong resemblance to /?.C««;;.
39. Rhynchonella pleiopleura or multistriata of Hall.
40. Rhynchonella ventricosa, Hall.
41. Eatonia sinuata, Hall, or a closely related species.
42. Pentamerus galeatus, Dalnian.
■*3- " pseudogaleatus, Hall.
Pdecypoda :
44. Pterinea, sp., cf. P. textilis, Hall. A small variety.
Gasteropoda ;
45. Platyostoma depreasum. Hall.
DEVONIAN FOSSILS.
Caufr^fl\^^rr''" .^"^' ^"^^ Memphremagog, west side.
Collected by H. M. Ami, 1894.
Spirophyton cauda-ffolli, Vannxerr,. This plant is sometimes referred
to the genus Taonurus, and as a rule characterizes a special hori-
z_.n in the Helderberg Mountains of New York State and elsewhere
It has been met with in Eastern Quebec and New Brunswick. At
this locality the flag stones on which this species occurs abundantly
'•]
APPKNDIX.
157 .1
'••re inclined.at richt anL'Ipq to n.„ i •
«n.all stream whl-h 7ows into ^ ;""'"; ''""" ''" ^'^'° ''"^ '-^' °^ «*
above Tuck's Landing ''"^ "^'""^ three-quarters of a mile
DovonlunimeHto^'n^.tTt^'. It!"" ^^f^"'l;h'-«'n«K-% Que. Fn„„ tl.o
E. Hi..i„. in the '' Oeot:. Jlll^ i^eS^ ;;;3-- '^".''n -^ Mr.
Hydroida : ^
1. Stromatopora concentrica, Goldfuss.
Zoophyta :
2. Favosit«.s(}othlandic-;>,, LvmHrc'.:.
^- '• basalticuB, Jojilfu.s.s.
*• " polymorphs, <J .(JfusG.
0. Zaphrentis, sp. indt.
6. Heliophyllum, sp. indt.
7. Diphyphyllun, Hrun,linaceun., Billings
8. Synngopora Hisingeri, Joinings.
Evhinodermata ;
9. Crinoidal fragments.
Geological Survey Department,
Ottawa SeptemW 20th, 1895.
S.W Sheet
Legend
Det'uiiiun
nil
Lowrrth-v
Slliinaji
Ittmrr ItfltUrbny
Mn/im,
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NOTB I.
Th« DeTonian anuln soutliitniem gii<bac. racognlnl br
cluiacieHMlc tawls, ut o( very limiled rttcm. Tliry an
o«l> iwo m number and are fourd on the w»« side ot M«m-
pliremagOB 1-ake. The Lux«ac is on s^nfeoH Bay. a ihon
dluancc above Ihe wharf al Knowlion Landing, »lieie Taon-
urut cauda-galli, Psihfhyton. and Bytholrtphit
are found. The other area is near the Mountain House al the
Owl-. Head Mininlaln Undin». Die foisili from which ara
chiefly coraia. The horiaon of ihe Sirvent i Day rock-i is the
lower portion iCauda-gaUlunt) of the l'i,]K;r lleldetl»T,i of
Ihe New York scale of fonualiuns. while Ihe Umesti.nei of Ihe
Owr» Head Landing arr probably the cqulvalenu of Uia
Coralferous.— |Duia\ Manu.J of Goolo^, 4th tiL)
NOTE 2.
The Lower HelderbarB of Mempliretnaifoi; Lalte la largely
• Umeuoiie foimallon. While not highly fossilifcrou. al many
paints, ithella and corals occur at various places and clearly
Indicate Ihe hotijcon.
The rocks claused as Medina on Ihe map. are reddish shales
and sandstones, which as yet have not yielded fos.'^as. They
ovetlie the Lorraine shales and wore therefore assigned, by Sir
W. E. Logan, to the Silurian system. The fnniullon Is diflScult
to outline, owing to the mantle of drift over much of the area
where it occurs, and the boundaries, are thcrelore. to a teruln
extent, conjectural
The road fitim I-hUlipsbuig on MKslviuoi Bay to St. Araiand
Statlcn on the Uenlrol Vermont Railway, crosses an ahnost
continuous sectiuu of rocks, mostly limestones, which pieseni
certain peculiar features. They have been described ui the
Ceoli>i.T of C.inada .863. |.|). 844, Mo. under Ihe li.i.ulii,i. ijuebe,
group iriiUUpsliiir); scricsl. The rocks dip unilormly to Ihe
south-east till within a .lion Jlsunce of Uie railway, when a
synchno appe;irs in their uppf^r part The purtif.u almut riij-
Upsbuig .ind the strau to the north and soulli. can ndinj along
this road for about three foun lis of ;i inilc. is regardiHl as
•quivalent 10 the Caldferous (Levis), while the upper portion is
supposed to represent Ihe Chaiy fomiaiion. These rocks, in
the vicinity of Bedford, Stanbridge, Mystic, ic. contain local
devekipmeots of Utneslone and Umestonc-conglouieratev. trom
which a great number and variety of fossils have been obtabied.
It has, however, been found that while certain affinities ejist
between these and the fauna of the typical Caldferous and
Chary of Ihe Ottawa basin, the fossils as a whole present
liealures mariiedly distinct There is also a Uthological diier-
o»ce to the sirata of the two localities. These peculiarities ara
supposed to be due to dUTerences in the cin:umstaiices of
deposition of the two areas, now brought into contact along Ihe
line of Ihe St. Lawrence and Champlaln fault.. This fault
•ztends from PhilUpsbuig to Quebec and thence eastwani
separating the tlat-lying formations of Ihe St Lawrence on the
west from the highly inclined strata on the east.
The smaU outcrops of limestone at St. Helen's Island and
Isle Ronde bi Montreal Harbour are associated with vokanlc
breccias, but hare yielded a very characteristic fauna ludicadng
thdr posillan at the top of the Stluiian system.
NOTB 3.
No definite break has yet been found to Canada between the
Caldferous formation and the Potsdam sandstone, the passage
between the two, both in eastern Onurio and western Quebec,
betog gradual After consideration of all the evidence from
Ihe sttatigraphical and palxonlological standpotots. it has been
decided to toclude them to one category as representing the
basal portion of the Cambro-SUurian system. The areas ol
each have, however, been distinguished, where known, by a
difference to the barring. LWlologically these fonnaHons are
antirsly dlsthiet lixan the Levis and upper pan of the Sillery
formation, (fotmerly LauaooJ, which are supposed to be th^r
•qnlvalens hi age, a difference presumably due to different
cendWons of deposllion. The Potsdam sandstone and the
CalcUnousaie alio everywhere nearly Hat, whUe the Silleiy anit
LerU are highly indlnad, sometlmas overturned, and aitaa-
NOTB 4.
The Sill«fy of the Nonh-etst nup-slwet of the " EwtWB
TowMblp" wriw, is dMsible Into two portloiu, so upper wd
ft lower, the fonaet of which consistt Urgely of reddish uid
ffteeo ihalet end greenish sandstoaes with UmestoDe-conglom-
cntes. the upper put of which is .pparently the downward
exteosian of the Leris formation. On the present map the
racks are weil seen between Abbottsford and Granby and
thence northward for many miles. The lower part of the
SiDery U undoubtedly Cambrian and in the St. Lawrence
Riwf section contains characteristic fossils, Agmtuius, etc., at
certain points. The highest beds of the SiUery (Lau«)n)'do
not appear in this area and the red and green slates,
suidstones and grits of this area are therefore aU probably
Cambrian. The horizon of the Cambrian rocks on both sides
of the PreCambrlaji of the Sutton Mountain anticline, has not
yet been dednitely decided owing to an apparent absence of
organic remains in the strata. The sUtes and quartrites at the
base, are probably the equivalents of the Georgia series of
Vermont (OleneUus rone) while tlio strata from FrelighshuTg to
SweeUbuig, etc, probably represent the Upper Cambnan. In
the Cambrian of this area am the slate quarries of Melbourne
ud vicinity, which hare been worked for many years, and urn
af great ecooomic Importance.
NOTK 5. ,
The strau which compose the Sutton Motmtala antlcHne, an
beUered to be of Hurooian age They undoubtedly underlie
the lowest Cambrian. They do not resemble the typical
Laurentlan gneiss of the GreniiUe series north of the St.
Lawrence rirer. but are not unlike the rocks which have been
described as the "Hastlngi series "in Ontario, both In the
character of the schists and the crystalline dolomites. They
contain deposits of copper ore at several points, and the most
productive copper mines of the " Hastem Townships" belong
to this division. Gold has been reported from the gravels of
•ome of the streams on the west side of the aiis lii Sutton, but
nothing definiteastothe value of the deposit has been ascer-
tainetl. Gold has also lately been found in quart* veins cutting
the strau of this series near Diidswell, iii»rth.east of Shcrbrooke.
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th«nte nnrthwiid for nunj rtuh". 7 'i^ Lwrr [mh hi rhr
SUUfv u undoubtedlr C^ihri-ui uiil m the St. [.4WTr.ni.a
Rlmr Mctlon conifcina cturictertstii. fouik. Agnostus, tic., it
caftaln poiotft- The highml beds of the sUlrry (I^iuonl do
not ftppau In (hi« area and the red and greno kUta*.
MndttooM and pits of tbU area are themfxre all [irntuibtji
Cambrian. The horiton of the Cambrian rock^ on holb side*
of the Pre Cambrian of the Sutton Mouniain unticliiie, h^s not
jrol been tMnitely decided owtng to an .tpparnni 4lMence of
organic renaina in the urata. The ftUte» and quar*ri(n at the
base, are probatily the equlvakiits of the (.eurgu wries gf
Vennoot (Ulenellui imte) while tha strata fmni rrellghihurif to
Sweetibuiy, etc, probably represmt thr I'ppcr Carohrun. lo
dw Cambriaa of this area are the sLite qiurnn uf Melbourne
tad rlclnhy, which have been worked for many yean, and an
tl fi«et ecooomlc Impoftance.
NOTB 5. ,
The MnU which coapow the Suttoo Mountain antlcUne, an
beUeved to be of Huronlan agtv They undoubtedly underlie
the l(rweit Cambrian. They do nut r«„inble the typical
Laurentlan ffnelsa of the (JrcnrlUe seriet north of the St
t^wrence rircr, but ate not unlike the rocks which have bean
deacribed as the "Ha^lnifi Mrleit"in Ontario, both In the
character of the schists and the crystalline dolomites. They
contain deposits of ropper ote it: soveral puinti, and the mo«t
productive copper mines of the " Hastem Townships" belooy
to this division. Gold has be'^n reported from iheifiavebof
some of the streanu oti thif w<^<it ^ide of the axis in Sutton, but
nothing definite as lo the V4l<ie of thf deposit has beun a«cat-
tained. Gold h.u also lately Ixren found in quani v«iiit cutting
the Btnita of thu series near DiidbWell. north-east of .Sherbrooke.
Iron ore also occurs at sevvml pLiLt's Ainontf the rocks
comprised In the aroa. are eilensive masses of dioritc-, -.Dine of
which is schiklose. The cry«alUne limestoaes are sometimet
quarried, as at Stukely, and nuke an excellent building stone,
while Ihey are also well suited for lime burning.
NOTB 6.
The Laurentiaa of the country noRh and west of the St,
Ljiwrence Is pan of the great Archfan nucleus of the North
American continent and represents the oldest system of rocks
lo Canada. It consists in part of foliated quaitzose gnei-is of
mure or less uniform cliaractcr. which prolubly constitutes the
basal portion of the syiitcm, and in part of morn disltnctly
banded gneisses varying considerably in chancter. otteu ion
talning much garnet and silliruanlte, and associated in iTiar.y
places with band^ of quartJtite and crystalline limestone. I'hu
Utter series con^lstii bi [tait ,\X least of altered ^'dimrtitntv
strata and belongs to the "tirenvillc series ' ol Sir W, K. I ^ .n
It is believed to repose upon the foliated fiielis bei"'" ">':n-
tioned, and to form an upper series in the system. It& detiuiita
Hon against the lower gneiss Is not attemptetl in this areu.
AU these rocks are broken through by intnisive m.-v^s^ of
aaonho&lie, etc, which are more reomt than the Urenville
series, sin<e they cut it. They, however, art* not more rt-tent
than the Utest dynamic movements in the area, as they
frequently show a foliatiun induced by pressure, especially
about the borders of tbo masses. The old clas!ilficatl<iii In
which these anortho^itea were r^arded as constituting an
Upper Laurenriaa series, retting on the Oreovilla series, li now
abaDdoaed.
NOTE 7.
The breccias found on the Island of Montreal, and at a few
points in the vicinity, are presuoubly connected with the
erupdve mass or Mount RctyaL They are well seen at St.
Helen'b Inland and He Konde in ihe harbi.wr of Montreal, at
tlse Whke^orse Rapids on the Back River. >n the west side of
Ue Bi<ard, and on the east Sank of Mont Calvaire. They am
cut by dykes of diorite. which must, therefore, t>e of later due,
and from their Intiinale A.'^n Mttoii with the fossiliferou^ Lower
Helderberg hmestones of !at Helen's Island they are probably
not far different from these in point of age.
The emotive masses seot in the Mooereal Mount**,
Bdteil. V imsaki. etc.. as well as in tlie ctuun ol' hills wutt of
Meniphr«nit4ftuK I.,ake, and to the north cost tuwurda the
Chaudlere Kiver and beyond, i»e« North-east sheet) all present
a muiied rcsembitinc'3 tu encli other, and ar presuiiiablv of
very similar agR. Sit^^tmens irom a number of Uicm! were
examined some years ago by Dr. V. D. Adams, (Report of
Frogress, GeoL .Surv. Can., 1880-81-83) who found the rvks of
the eastern beh to be largely an altered diabase. Thcbt
masses penetrate strata of widely different age. beini; found
associated with all the formations from the lowejit Cambrian to
lbetoi>nfthe Silurian. Portions o( these diorites linve been
altered to a serpentine, which, however, varies in physical
character and ntoivral contents at different points. In some of
these mcnrntala hmimiv the upper part is frequently Ane-
grained, while the Ki<^-r part, »nd often the bulk of (he
mountain, is comparatively coars*^ -grained and syenitic. The
most prominent hills of the eastern area are Mount Orford.
Hog's B.-tck, Elephantis, Owl's Head, &c., while to the notth
cast are the Ham Mountains, Adstock, Cranboume, Ac. < See
North-cast sheet .;
In the ^serpentlno masses are found asbestos (chrywtile)
chromic-iron and magnetite. The erupdve masses of Mem-
pbremagog Lake are certainly, In part, newer than Lower
Helderberg.
TTie granite masses are found to the east of this lake. They
cut slates and liniesionta of Cimbro- Silurian age. probably
Lower Tri»nton, and by their action have devrio[>cd crystals of
ttaurolite, chia&toHte, mica, &c., in the adjacent strati The
period of the intrusion Is probably about the axm^ with ttint ot
the dioritic masses just described.
Intbcarvawestof Memphremagc^ Lake, serpentine outcrops
are quite frequent Tbey are associated with diorite^ and are
oft«nofvery limited extent, so that their dclineatioti on the
map is not always possible. The larger ar.d more important
areas have, howevei, been indicated by barring.
Acoompmivmg Poj't ./. Voi MI ( Nev^' SeneA f
GeUogically sann^ed by SirW&logan,1tWf-iU'ihPD Adonis
571.