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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 PT / INFORMATION RESPECTING THE Goal Deposits of Nova Scotia and Gape Breton — AND — Ti:ElFOTt1? — OF- THE INVERNESS COALMINES SITUATE AT BROAD COVE, CAPE BRETON, N.S, Canada, Chiefly under the control and Management of H. N. PAINT, Esq., of Port Hawkesbury, C.B., Nova Scotia, Canada. PRINTED BY A. S WOODBURN, ELGIN STREET. 1889. — ui:si'i:cii\(i — The Coal Deposits of Nova Scotia and Cape Breton, — AM) RKl'OKl' or — THE INVERNESS GOAL MINES, {Si'iiah- ct Jhoad Cove, Cape Breton, N. S., Canada), Chiefly under the Control and Management of H. N. PAINT, Esq., of Port Hawkesbury, (C.B.), Nova Scotia, Canada. Capic ]]Ki;roN IS an Island of British America, to Jie northeast ol Nov i Scotia from which it is separated by a strait about fifteen miles Ion- and a mile wide, known as the (nit of Canso. Its length fiu.,. north to southYs about i lo miles and its width 87 miles, and its area 2,650,000 acres. The surface of the Island is broken in several i)laccs by ranges of hills of moderate elevation and the northern promontory consists of a plateau, which in some parts has a hei^'ht above the sea of 1,200 feet. The prevailing rocks belong to the carboniferous formations, interrupted here and there by igneous or metamorphic upheavals About the half of the surface is said to be capable of cultivation. 'I'he commer- cial resources of the Island consist chiefly in its timber, its agricultural ])roductions, its minerals and its fisheries. Nearly covered with forest at the time of Its discovery, it still exports pine, oak, beech, maple, birch and ash. Oats, wheat, turnips and potatoes are extensively cultivated ; horses cattle and sheep are reared in considerable nuuibers ; and cheese and butter form import- ant Items in Us produce. Coal, limestone and gypsum are worked, and excellen* iron ore and slate are also to be found. The lakes and neighboring seas supply an abundance of salmon, cod, mackerel, herring, shad and whitefish. and the tisheries employ about 3,000 men. I}y the census of iSyi the total Donulation amounted to 75,483. {E}u\. Brit., Vol. 5, p. 40.) Nova Scotia is especially rich in mineral wealth. Valuable deposits of coal iron and gold are enclosed within her soil, the extent of whi( h are not yet fully known. Knough, however, has been discovered to prove that this Province exceeds any country of the same extent in mineral resources. There are five known coal fields in Nova Scotia, three of which -Sydney Inverness and Little River coal fields are in Cape Breton ; and two— the Pictoii and Cumberland coal fields are in the Province proper. Twenty collieries are now working in these several coal districts, employing 4,2^5 men and boys • during the year 1S8S there were raised from the different mines 1,586 500 ton'-' Ihis being the largest output in any one year since the discovery of coal in the I rovince, and it is asserted on good authority that the present state of the coal trade indicates an increased output, during the immediate future, far exceeding anything in the past. Tliere are now over four thousand men and boys employed in this industry, but fully one thousand more could obtain employment at the different collieries. Good wages are obtained, living is cheap and there are many advantages connected with a residence in Nova Scotia which cannot be had elsewhere. Mr. (jilpin, Government Inspector for Mines in the Province, estimates its known productive coal fields to occupy an area of about 685 scjuare miles. From the same authority, information is obtained as to the character of the coal — that it belongs to the bituminous division of Dana, no Anthracite having been met with as yet, and that it may be divided into cooking, cherry or free burning, and cannel coal. The different coals found and worked in the Province have been submitted to various analytical tests by competent authorities, who have pronounced the quality to be excellent ; and either for gas, cooking or steam purposes, equal to any in the world. The most eastern of the Nova Scotia fields is known as the Sydney Coal Field, situate in the Island of Cape Hreton. In Inverness County valuable deposits of coal occur. These lie in the |)roductive coal measures found on the western shore of Cape Breton. In Richmond County also, coal beds are found, the extent and value of which are not yet fully known. Nor have any of these deposits been worked to any extent. In Nova Scotia proper, we have three counties whose soil is underlaid with coal, viz.: Antigonish, Pictou and Cumberland, and seams of coal occur in other parts of the country where the carboniferous system prevails. {The Nova Scotia Ininii(;ra- tion Society Pamphlet, page 14. ) In the carboniferous areas there are immense deposits of pyroschist or bitu- minous shale, "capable" says Dawson "of yielding as much as 63 gallons of oil, or 7,500 feet of illuminating gas per ton. Owing tc the great cheapness of petroleum little attention has been paid to these shales for some years, but it is likely that they will before long again be in demand." {Ency. Brit., Vol. jy, page 602.) Inverness : This County is in the Island of Cape Breton, and extends the entire length of the northern side of the Island : it is the longest County in the Province. The population is about 30,000, and with the exception of a few hundreds of French origin, is composed entirely of people of Scottish High- land descent. Port Hood is the chief town ; its business is principally trade with the farmers and fishermen who reside in the vicinity. A good deal of money is circulated in the Town by American fishermen, who resort to the harbor of Port Hood in bad weather. There is a quantity of excellent coal in this County. F"rom Cheticamp to Judique, on the western shore of Cape Breton, there extends anarro,"^ and broken line of coal measures, formmg the edges ot great basins of coal beneatii the St. Lawrence Gulf. At Chimney Corner two groups of seams exist, and at Broad Cove eight seams in about 2,000 feet of strata, only one of which is worked. The extent of productive measures here is not known positively, but areas containing twenty square miles, believed to hold workable coal have been secured by various parties. The Geological Survey Report of 1874 says : "Judging from appearance this coal, which is of a bitu- minous kind, seems to be of excellent quality." It has been satisfactorily tested for steam and house purposes. Another small but valuable coal field exists at Mabou. At Fort Hood one seam only has been definitely tested, though the presence of several others has been proved. Here the strata run parallel with the shore, and extend along it for about two miles. The seam opened has a thickness of six feet Workings were pushed a short distance into the sea but are temporarily discontinued. The outcrop of another six foot seam is known at low water. {Crosskill's N'ova Scotia : Mineral Ee^ources of Canada.) i .. E; E IP O K;.T Of the Jiroad Cove Coal Field, Inverness, Cape Jireton, by the Inspector-General of Coal and Gold Mines for the Province of Nova Scotia. ,. Bedford, (Halifax, N. S.), January 22nd, 18S9, Henry N. Painty Esquire, Port Hawheshury, Cafe Breton, Canada. Dear Sir,— In giving you any figures about the amounts of coal in the Broad Cove Coal Field I have found it difficult to get at any exact information as to the range of the different seams over the various areas. 'I'here are apparent- ly several unproven seams and the sections are not yet sufficiently worked out to enable me to give my information as decidedly as I would wish. Taking the Departmental and Survey maps, the Broad Cove Brook appears to show the following section in descending order, compiled froni the various reports I have examined : — No. I Seam (near the shore) 3 ft., 6 in. Strata 376 feet. No. 2 Seam 7 „ Strata 437 „ No, 3 Seam 4 ft., 6 in No. 4 Strata and 14 feel Seam 303 feet. No. 5 Seam 3 „ Strata 32 n No. 6 Seam 3 ft., 9 in. The lowest, or 3 feet 9 inch seam, being ap,. . ntly one marked as out- cropping on the Btook where crossed by the rear line of lease | of the Inverness Coal and R. R. Co. These seams enter the land a little to the north of the Inverness Co's. areas, sweep inland, and re-enter the sea about three miles to the southward. Assuming for the seams in the areas of the Inverness Company a uniform dip of 12° (degrees), the following approximate calculations will. I think, prove reliable : — Seam No. 1, tons " 787,500 " " 2, rt 3,150,000 " " 3. " 3,206,250 " " 4> " 1 2,600,000 " " 5» " 3,262,500 " " 6, 6,975,000 Total 29,981,250 The Ross Fraser sea area, lying immediately to the north-west of the Inverness Company's areas; and n chains wide and 2* miles long, holds the sub-marine extension of the seams found on the land as given in the above section. All these seams should prove workable in it exclusive of part of the top seam. Assuminy a di|. of ,2-, and the umlistiirbcd continuation of tlic beds ,h "';""\^^'"'''»'" ^i'ix-ox'matcly, to a vertical depth of ,,500 feet Nvhich il' (^.%;S';:) """'^' '''^^ '""^'"^"'^ ^^Pth 'fining 'JiUbciarHl^to: ^"- ' ^'-'^"Mons 3,3^^0,000 ;; ' '^ 6,7.0,000 • II 4 I! I, „ "? , 4.320,000 „ 1 13.440,000 " ^ II II „ r, 3.000,000 I' O II 11 1,500,000 ''"^^'''^' 3^34^ 1 he outside area held by Mr. If. (Irahamc would hold, above the vertical depth of ,500 feet assumed for this calculation as the nuximum dn^h to wS nnn.ng w.ll be carried at a uniform dip of ,3", the follow g ctS of co 1 -^ A I. lane of the No i or 3 feet 6 inch seam outcroppmg nea the shoJeV^o Z bv ,00'T'' '"'^ -n'-'""'^ 1.'^' N"- ' "^ 7 feet seanVunderlj-ng i 6 eet 40 by 200 chains. 1 his would give the following coal contents :- ^^ ' Seam No. I, tons 6,300,000 ' 0,400,000 i ____^ '^«'''^' 14.700,000 mis area. Judgmg from the mformation contained in the GeoloPJnl 9„rv^v map, and its relation to the areas of the Inverness Cn-!} r)^^T^ , • [ -^ adjoins to the south-west, it should be underlTd'by orSb e aZEo^'lhe /] feet and lower seams, giving about the following amounts of coal -^ ^ No. 4, 14 feet Seam _,^,,^^„^^ " 6; 3^et,Lhseam::::::::::::::j^^ "^'^^^i 6,300"^ The Chipman area lies in the same position relative to thp VV T p^ Pc.o„al U„ow,ed,e of TCmtl'l^f-r. , eT; S 'strSd"b^ followed over about t;oo acres of this nronPrH; tUc. . r^^,. 't ,"=''^. '''-am could be would be within a workable depthtHl"^ ""' ' '^'^^ ^ '"^'^ --^^ 1 his would give approximately the following coal contents :— 14 feet Seam, tons _ 11,400,000 3 I' II II o S8« ^ /•,„» • If, 2,000,000 3 feet 9 mch Seam, tons 3:6oo;ooo Total rnsmTZ • i7i''*'0)Ooo i r 1 J. I I I + + (IHNERAI, RKMARKS. 'Hie scams lie at easy antics, a„d a shaft not cxccccliiiK i,-'oo fctt in drntli should cut them ail on the property of the Inverness Conipany Tak n. a o wuhm a few yards ot the shore the 7 feet seam shoul.l. so far as my i2rm and ,i:^.:i.^;:,ra di:;;!^^ .t:^l';^^^;;^^^i;;;,^ ^'^^^^^ -° --'^ ^'-•'" These figures also serve to show llie depths to wluch shafts would have to be sunk m order to follow these sea.ns under the sea, in the Ross- • rase 1 (-rahame, and the ,4 feet and underlyin,.' scams in the Chipman sea areas ' In like manner as the outcrop of the 14 feet seam approaches the shore on \.^?rTT'"<\\^'' ^""fh-west it becomes accessible fc,; sub-n>arine minin Va lesser depths. So that to the south of Mrlsaars Lake a shaft about 250 feet w.nild pern^.t Us bem, fo lowed over great part of the Chipn,an area, and l,y dou g the depth of he shaft the lower scams could be followed over all the area lh>s increased faahiy of access under the sea will, it is understood, be acconv panied by lessened area of land underlaid by coal. {S,y Appnuhx B.) Mr. Robb, in the report of progress of the Geological Survey, 187^187^ p. 183, speaks 01 the Uroad Cove Coals as of excellent quality, and^is giving^o^f less smoke than .s usua with bituminous coals. He also givvs severaUnriyse Horn my own observation of them while being burned under boilers I he ieve that they should prove good steam producers. {See Afj^endi.x C.) Near the centre of the shore of this coal field there is a latjoon known as Mclsaacs Lake, which has been favorably reported on by sevS en'^ rs ' capable, at a small expense, of being made into a good shipping hS a Lmganand Glace lay, in the Sydney coal district, experimLJits of this natire have been successfully earned out by coal companies, and I have no doubt hat by moderate expenditures, equal facilities could be provided here. I am unab'e o give fuller details on this point as I have not seen the plans or estimates of the engineers A shipping port at the mines would place this coal field in a '^/L/XT) "°"""" '" '^''''"'^ ^^"^ ^^'''''''' '''"'^ Montreal markets. (.S'^- A_ survey made for the Provincial Government some years ago by Mr Tremaine, C. E, showed that very favorable routes can be found for a railway from the mines to Whyhogomah, on the waters of the Bras I) or Lake an arm of the sea entering the Island from the eastern side, and to connect 'with the railway now being built across the Island. The respective distances from Broad Cove to Whyhogomah would be - mdes, and to connect with the Cape Breton Railway 7 miles. By this connection shipping places would be secured at Whyhogomah, J'ort Ilawkesbury a S Caribou Cove, the latter points being admirably situated for competing with Sydney and Pictou for the coastal and gulf trade. {Sec Appendix E ) . At Lake Ainslie, Skye Glen, Orangedale and Whyhogomah arc deiwsits of iron ore, and for their development the Broad Cove Coal Field is most fivorabK. situated. {Sec Appendix R) 'avuraniy Trusting that these remarks may be of service to you, I remain, yours truly, E. GILPIN, M. E. -A.I=>FEIsrJDTX: J^. I5ei)Foki), (Halifax,) March 2 ist, '89. //. JV. Faint , Esquire, Port Iliuvkesbury. Dear Sir, — I find on looking more carefully into the (lucstion of railway distances that I was not correct about the location of the Cape IJreton Railway. The distance from Whyhogomah to a convenient station on the Cape Hrclon Railway, say Orangcdale, is seven miles. From Whyhogomah to Uroad Cove, taking the west side of the Lake Arnslie, the distance would, I think, l)c not less than 23 miles. Allowing for curves, etc. I have been unable to find any trace of Treiiiaine's Report, and my opinion as to the distance between liroad Cove and Whyhogomah is based on my recollection of the ground and the Dominion postal map. Vou are quite at liberty to amend my figures. I would also say that you will observe that I have limited llie vertical depth of my calculations ; and that in l^ngland they call it workable coal down to 3,000 feet,— this rule, it applied to iiroad Cove, would probably double my estimate,— and that I have intimated that, in my opinion, there are other seams, but in figuring did not like to include them. I am, yours, etc., K. GILI'IN, Jr. SUMMARY. Approximate estimate of coal at Broad Cove, f:. B. :— Inverness ('ompany areas, tons 29,981,250 Ross-Fraser area, tons 32,340,000 H. (Irahame w m 14,700,000 H. E. Ross M If 6,300,000 Chipman n ,1 1 7,880,000 Total 101.201,250 . ^iPiPEnsrzDix: o. From Mr. Charles Robb's Official Report Broad Cove areas, seven feet Seam coal ; — ANALYSIS: .Slow Cukino. Fa^jt e(>KiN(i. Water 4.02 4.02 Volatile combustible matter .. . 20.17 25.39 Fixed carbon 70.41 65.19 Ash 5,40 5.40 100.00 100.00 1 — 7 — xy. on kc l"()r ny on at ih to ny 1^-. ct i Mr. William liaiucs, Minin-^ HnKinccr, reports ns fuil.ms : ■ll.cTc is «ood anchorage and n,,' foKs. Mclsaac l,ake ..pcned w.n.ld he i ,n..st cl.,.l,lc point to rarry on a fishery, and would he the only safe harllor of refll^ fur more than thirty miles of seaboard.' A prominent Nfeichant of Monkton,N.H„ wrote as follows- "Amosivl., ii acljunc-t to profitable mining is location. Under this hc.rMoad Co po '^ ' i' many favorable advantages both landward and seaward ^itint.'rl on fl? !t west roast of Cape Hreton, in latitude 46. .5 N. anriongit\id: 6^ n> \ ' ^.Tf ^• fn.„ Port I ood, the shire town of Inverness County. T, mi es • f om Se^ hn"d lighthouse about .S miles in a S. K. direction ; frou) Margarcc^V Sr-inH t Straits of Canso 60 iniles. At this point thj IntercolorS R i^. " ."1;,^",^,,^"'" vvhoU the lipe of railway now under consln;:.^. tt;u;iU ^e B;;::;: vi^ S^S '^::!\ havmg Its tenninal point at I ouis^^ ., Ikoadlove^s distant fornix t'-jf nf i; n ^ • ''• ""^/^»!" 'he A. alen Islands 65 miles. IJy an examina in n of the Dominion map it will show tne favorable position of Inverness coZ,vf What is now offered to whoever may bjcome the siibstTnt.M ,>..,„-, • property with an immediate and prospective v;iurand as ha she n' 7 ':^'n ' disinterested and competent auth'oritiL.) second to' none n No a Scot^ ^^C n' dafvTluel^"'""'"' '' '"^^^'^ ^'^ ''^ ''^''^^^ ■'^- possessing ^reaTclS;^ Inver''SrC.'E.Xla"Sa^'°°° "^" ^^ ^°*^' '''^' ^^^ C^^' bounty of Fee simple of loo acres convenient for buildings, etc. The Government mining leases in the Broad Cnvp ri.-cf.;^* u l renewed for twenty years from 1 886. ^ '' '^"'"'' ^^^^^ b"" As to the dividend to be paid on the capital invested the fnllmvmr. . . men, ,s made by a person of experience and^noSge of the ^toTer.? . ' M 8 — Iiav >ld ■c in my iiicinoraiula csliiiKUcs of tl ic price of r.)al from twelve diffei 11 -y <-s or vessels A. airtLa'^an^l^IlSS^'^"'^^ '"^^'^^ ""• ^^^ ^^- ^ -'•" I )q.osi(s of lire clay at J5road Cove of superior qmli, v -c of ,ire li^i';" ;d^s.e;^s;;;:j;; ■^/i^ii.s;!:!^ '- '- '- ^'^'>' ^^^ ^'- --u^- KScne"'lS;";f r .ll^JSir ^'i ^"^'"^^'^'^ -i^i^borhood. af^o.nclin,.. in favorall^e.son v tl^ ^^ "" ^''^ '^"'^^' ^^ Cape Ilreton. <>' -^t. Lawrence. vi.'-Ssh i he varieties usually found in the (iul P'iv.lege will fon, a valu^b f adiunct in ' ^''"'''^ T^ ^^^'"'^^"- '^"'^^^ ''^hin,' for employees and faiS n c^nec i n S'Z '''i'- ''"'. ^y'^°'"=^'"^^" ^-^^ ^^•'th regard to the beof supply it ^sts C^ fit t '"^ °^"^' "^'"^^' '''"'^. 'Vho «.K.,i r . ■ .' ^ ^' " '^"^'^ "^"'" "ve to seven cents in autumn Vn,^o^, ^;UhS can he^:chSf at Vr""^"\ f'^ '^"^ ^^^ ^S"-"^--' surrounding the pronoscd hnrh r f 11 '^^"''^sonable figure. Of course, l.nd ing the hartor, i/ wil "ooJ ^ cemnrSrf""""'^''^' ^>'^'"^ ^n 'open- nnd, in a very short time it will -^^.s.m n^ , ' prosecutmg the fisheries, t-vn, havir./now all thcMutl'aheciuhkes '"'"" °^ ' '"■^>'' ''"'^'"S '"'-^'k^'^ of ..' n •s^t;;r!;;:v'aX^^^'i:!;sr' -''"^v- ^^■■;>-s--i. a distance Orm,gedale,afurtherdilta ce„ 7 me'^^^^^^^ ^^ ."^'^ "t<^"^i"n to 'he present Cape lirvtc,, rul av T, Iv '-•"'^"^'■""n will be made with ''«"; t;vo more 'xcellent lu^I^;!;^ tiller tf' f" '^" '''''' '^"""- and the Strait o( Canso-at b h f H^i ' /' ' ' '"' ^'""^'"'^ Narrows Proi)osed Railway travmes he centr H ^'"^•^^'•""'ent wharves are built. This ;-unty of Inverness is disposed ^gra V ee l°of " '"'?^ ^"-P, '""^'^^ "^^^ I '10 provincial Covernmci t of Nova S nt n ^ ^ ? V • ' '?"'^ ■'"'■'^'^''>' ''^ ^'""Us. subsidy for the building of (his Rail wa> ' ''^^'^"' ^" ''"^''^'^''^^'-^ ^-^ ^^°'"'"i"" in a ^l-^'Sn^^rnSwalr^^riiontS:^ -^ -•-"•>• ^'^mand. canip, a distance of 4' mHes in V N F dtn.r ^"''\ '^^''-''*'^"" ''^"^ Cheti- connecticm between Broad Co Vor A '^''''^'""' '-^ °".'^' the coast ; and also a in ^•H;toria County, a disj'nc^o ,'0 nil f in Vs 'l^'r "" '"'°/ "^ ^'^^^^-^■' in order to prevent the whole system I I me skcrH. 1 '} T- ", '"^ "i^'"i°"' of years, the brand, line Iron, ).^n^i,nh:^' ^t^ ^^?^"\'^""t^^?'^):?d a score of years, the brand, li.K Z, ran'Vrlnr'!' '^?'''YJ''''^ being delayed a be <-onstructed, and -he oh' A ''5'?! 'T ° ^^'""''^ ^ove should be the fi required in the (• n t'ruchon o^ '^ '' ''inestone, and almost every article cheap ,uel of die S ' Shy hTlfS"'"' '""""^^' "^^' ^'^"^ '"• -i^h Inverness will l,e<-onu -, IZ, ?'"'>' '■^^''''"" '^° conclude that, ere loner of the surplus pomtirS: "S^'lTT""''' ^"^ ^'^^"'■•^^'- ''^- e-nM'l"yn,ent in Ihe United S a^;. 'and honn f ' ""^' "^'"Pelled to seek for ■■^latLs and the neighboring i.rovinces of Canada. HENRY NICHOLA.S PAINT, ^ Prflpriitor "c^^li^/Jn 'S '^^?-'""^,County of Richmond, ^^ape J.itton, Nova Scotia, Canada, April, ,.889. ■#w