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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 / t / i ?ii NOVA TRANCIA: •". Or the DESCRIPTION OF THAT PART OF N K VV RANGE tchich is one continent t^ith Virginia. / / // /. y ^yy Dcfciibcd in the three Jatc Voyages and Plantation raade by Ahnfieur cle Monti, MonpsHr du Pont^GrAHe, and Monfteur de PoutrincoHrt, into the countries called by the French men La Cadie, lying to the Southwell of Cape Breton, Together with in excellent feucnll Treatie of all the commoditiet^ ofthefaid countries, andmancrsotthc natural! inhabitants ofthe fame. Tranflated out of French into Englijh hj ^^^ £4fa.f ^La^t^i? ^'Jc-a^W^t /; ^ ;^-i^^^ji^ J^/i / y ^ L O N D 1 N I, Imfenjis Georoii BisHOPi x6o^. »4 «,; •3 *■ r ^.« I 1 1 ii 474088 Sd TO THE BRIGHT STARRE OF THE NORTH, Henry 'Prince of Great Britain E. ^*^^YS&^^^^ t)i? excellent Prince : my ^luthor p^[\^^/Sf f%^ (knowing that there arejome works fo naturally ?reit of thewjelues^that they challenge thegrAttoHSprotuit' $n of? rimes) hath offered this his I^J ISQIft^J 15?^ Htjlorie to the Royall patronage of CS^ Vc^^lr^T^K ^^^ ^^^ cAr////4« Kingy two ^eeneSy and the Dauphin , to the end it might ft irre them themoretoprofecutethepopuU' ting oj the lands heerein defer the d^ to bring the Naturals thereof Sauage and miferable people )to ciutlttie and right knowledge: of God ^ andfoto the faluation of their (oules. Ajjumingthe like prefumpionylhaue hoped {notwithftan^ ding the defers which nccefjArily attend a fir anger ^ who cm neuer attaine the mturaU Idiom e of this eloquent Ian- guage)thjt it might not be an initiry to your Highnefjeibut an addition of Honor , andfafetiecftbis worke , tffjhjuld dare to infcribe your Princely name on theforeheadthere^ of Which houldneffe^he noble vndertaking of the Bnglijh Nation hath nourtfljcd , who hauefo lately begt^n (by the permt^ion^andvnder the protection ofhts excellent Maie^ ie^ your moft Royall Father) to plant Chrifti nitietn plr- yiz one continent ^^ next adioinmg landtJ gtnta, HIF hcfe. For t ' Ut CPISTLB DeDICATORII. F(fr xvho may better fuffort ^ and manage magnAwmom anions ^fuch as he thefeopling of lands , planting ofColo- ?>us^eredingof cinillGouernementes^andpropiigAiing of the GoJpeHofChriJl /which are Royall andVmcelyfoun^ djt'ionsjthi n thofe irhcm the King of Kings ^ huth eHdhi- pjedas Atlaflcs of kingdoms & Chrijlian cowmen weales? Cod kith ncccftAtedm hts Profhecie^Kir^gs andJSj^ten:s to he nurfiig Fatht rs and nurfing Mot hers of his Church: fotkxt he hath not onely committed the gcuernwent of a ripe andftrong body , able tofuhfH^ hut hath impofcdthe care of the tender neffe andinfancie thereof vpon them. A- lixander being yet youngyWould hjucrunne in theOlym- pi.w gimes if kings hadrunne there > now Kings doe run:, now Princesdoe workein the Lords harueft^ to fpread that name xvhich muU gather the eleB from the vtmoH endes of the w or Id ^if not in their perfom^yet with their authcri* tie and mcanes. 1 know your Highnejfe ttould not he infcri- our, hut rather ex cell info noble an action : ftsch an emula- t'ion ispleafing to God^your birth leadeth vnfoit-^ Chrifli- an charitie inuitethyou to be chiefe worker in thefauing of millions offotdes : The neceptie of your Countrie of Great B R I T A I N E, (oucrfopulotujdoth require it : And lajlly your pooreVirgin'ans doe feemeto implore your Princely aide , to helpe t'jem tojlmke off the yoke of the diuel^ who hath hitherto made them Hue worfe then leafls^'hat hence- foorth they may be brought into the fould of Chrisl^and fin time J to Hue vnderyour Chrijlian gouernmet: So thn hauing thm runne^you flullobtaine an euerlafling Crowne of glory J heingas well planter ^as defender of the Faith* Your HighnciTc h umbic A feruant, P. EnONDELLI* % ling of ifouti' Hules? ueen:s hurch: ntofa ^cdthe Olym- id that f endes ithcri' infcr'u hrifii- mg of 'Great ilaftly incily \ who hence- yAnd oth:n owne Faith. \ •7)Q To the Reader. Entlc Reader : The whole volumcof the Nauigationsof the French-nation into the Weft Indies ( comprifed in three bookcs) was brought to mce^to be tranf- latcd, by M.Richard HackUiyt, aman, whoforhisworthy^and profitable laboursjis well know- en to moft men of worth , not onely of this kingdomc ^ but alfo of forrain parts:and by him this part was feieft- cd ; and chofcn from the whole worke, for the particu- lar vfe of this Nation, to the end, that comparing the goodneflc of the lands of the Northerly parts hcercin mentioned with that of r//'^/»/ b k. What good the Englifh Nation may rcapc of this workcj by thconcly defcriptionthat is found therein ofNations , Hands, Harbours, Bay cSjCoafts^Riuers, Rockes, Shoulds, Sands, Bankcs^ and other dangers, which the Saylcrs into iholc parts may nowthemorc cafily findc , and auoid , by the knowledge that this tranflation giueth them of it^let theNauigators iudgc therof, who (for want otTuch knowledge) haue found themfeluesineuident perill of death, and many alto- gether caftaway. Ifamanthat fheweth foorth effe- iftually the zealous care he 'hath to the well-fare, and common good of his country, deferucth praifes ofthc fame, 1 refer to the iudgement of them that abhor the vice of ingratitude(hatefullaboue all to God,&: good- men) whether the faid M.Hackluyt (as well for the firft procuring of this tranflation , as for many workes of his,fet out by him for the good,and euerlafting fame of the Englilli N ation) defcrueth not to reape thankes* As for this my laboutjif it be cenfuredfiuorably,and my good affedlion (in vndcrtaking the tranfla- ting of this workc,for the benefit of this land)takenin good part,it will en- courage metoendcauour setter fclfc to doe heereafter. my of this herein Miners, ngcrs, emorc at this udgc found y^alto- 1 effe- Cjand ofthc or the good- brthc ^orkes fame nkes» ,and a- The Table of the contents of the Chapters. ThcfirftBookc, W Herein are defer ibed the three late Voiages , KmU gat ions, and Plantation of New France ( othenpi/e called La Cadia) by Monficur dc Monts , Monficurdu Pont-graue, and Monficiir de Poutrincourc. Chap. I. The Patent, and CommiJJion of the French king to Monfi- eur dc Monts /or the inhabiting of the Countries of La Ca- dia, Canada, and other flaces in New France, from the^o, degree to the ^6, Chap. IF. The voiage o/Mon(icur dc Monts into Nerp France : ac^ cidents hapned tn thefaid voiage : the caufes of the Ifie banl^s in newfound lands : the impojing of names to certaine Ports : theperplexitie tvherein they mere by reafonof the flaie of their otherfbippe^ Chap. IIL The leaning of Port Aw Mouton : the accidents of a man (osi in the woods tbefpaceofi6,daies:BA\c Fran^oifc, or the French Baie : Port Royall : the Rmer o/PEquillc: a Copper Aiyne : the mifcbiefe of golden Amines : of Diamonds : Turkie fioncs. Chap. IIH. The defcriptiori'nf the ritier Saint lohn : and of thelfle S.mt Croix : the man lofl in the woods found out 1 6.daies af" ter : examples offomeftrange abfiinencies : thedifcords cfthe Sanages deferred to the iudgement of Mot\^\twx de Monrs: the fatherly author it ie among the faidSauages: what huf- band they chufe to their daughters. Chap. V. A farther defcriptionofthc I land Saint Croix: the enter" frife <7/Moii(icui* dc Moats difficult and generous ^yet profe^ *• tuttdthroHjh ifuth: thtnttirni Chn-^ r -fahs* :hers of reft the iffing of omaobm hrtHtan ^d: the IS with- ovpthey heSnh^ ' Vrim • of the V/7. . uages: nity of e trade ■ heart" : the 1 Nevf e anct' ^iences eks or 's Di- i were reHC" ^ 'A ■^FWI I ^H The Contents, Chap. IX. Of Clothes and of Haires : to what end garments y^ere made: the nal^dnejje of the ancient PiSis .- of the moderne Qy£thioptans : of the Brajilians : the Sanages of New Trance more honeFi : their C loaves of skins : the ancient Hercules his garment i of the ancient Germains, oft he Gothes: the Shooinff and Hofeing of the Sauages : the couerim of the head : the Haires of the Hebrewes , Ganllois , Gothes : the Or" dinancefor the Priefls to weare Hats : Shatien mtn. Chap. X. Ofthefhape and dexterity of the Sauages : Mans forme is themsflperfit: t he vioience done to Nature 5 the Brajilians be Jhortnofed : The reft of the Sauages be handfome men : halfe dwarfes : the Patagons be Gyants: Thefauour of the Sauages: the dcfcript ion of the' IVefterly flies : IV hy the Americans are not blacke : From whence proceedes the heat of Affrica : And the coolenejfe of America being tn thefelfefame degree : Oft he colour oft he haires and of the beard : fVhen the Romans began to weare ibeardes : the Sauages are not hairy : Hairy women : The ancient Gau/lots and Germans had their haires yellow /ike gold : Their lookes, voices ^ eies •: The women Jbrew : The ties oft he men of Taprobane, oft he Sauages, and Scythians : Of thehps : Monftruous bodies : The agility of the body : What //; lorjgtrauels through the woods 5 pottery of Earth 5 the tillage of the ground », the ancient Germans hid no lands proper or peculiar to them ; the Sauages are not labori^ eit^ •, how thy) manure the land ; double (owing, and double Harueff \ How they Hue m TV inter 5 the Sauages townes 5 of the ortginall of townes 5 thefirfi builders in the Gaulles • ofthe word Magus : Thilofbphy hath beene firfl found out by the Barbarians j theplaies and games ofthe Sauages, \ , Chap, XVIH. Thewomens exercices 5 the woman ts called pierced or hol^ low- d -y the women arc faued in bringing foorth ojf Children • of purification') the hard condition ofthe women amonq thcSaua- le contents. ges \ ofmMtif, eurrjing and drejpng of leather • their ntakjng of Baskets, Pnrfes, Dies, DiJheSy Matachiaz, Camwes % the lone oft he Safta(fe women towards their hufbands 5 their cha^ ftity • Afaire ovferuationvfon the Hehrew names of theman^ and of the woman. Chap. XIX. Of Ciuilitie ; thefirfl Cimlitie^is the obedience to Godan^ to the parents ; the Sanages be Slouenly at their Ban* ^uetSffor want oflinnen\the repafi of the ancient Gauiloii and Kjermains 5 of the arrining of the Sanages into any place-^their Greetings \Ukewifeofthe^reeksi,'B^mans, and Hebrewes 5 of the fainting in Sneezing ; Item in the beginning of Letters*^ of the Farewell \ the Sanages reuerence to their Fathers and Mothers \ Curfe to him which honor eth not his Father and hU mother. Chap. XX. Of the Vertues and Vices of the Sanages ; the Principles af VertHeareinvs, euenfrom our birth ; of force, andgreatnejfe of courage •, the ancient Ganllois were wit hont fear e S the Sa» uagesarerenengefull'^ wherintemperanceconjtfleth- whether the Sanages are indned therewith*^ wherein Liberalitie con^ Jtifeth'y the Sanages Liberality *^ they difdaine the couetom felting Merchants ; their Magnificence , Hojpitality , Piety towards their Fathers and Mothers 5 of their Infiice-^ the eX' ecHtion of Infiice j the incredible enajton of two Sanages , pri* finer s j wherein the Sanaqes be diligent andflothfnli. Chap. XXI. Of Hunting • the origina/l thereof; towhomit belongeth ^ towhatend Kings are cho fen -^ huntingtheim^geoffVar 5 the frfi end thereof^ the interpretation of one verfe of the 32.' Pfalme '^ all Sanages doe hunt r^ when and how \ thedifcription of the hnntingof the Elian orStagfe \ theSduaqes hounds '^ the Sanages hone Rackets at their feet when they hunt ; their continuance in hunting \faire innention of them for the Kitch" ing*ytheirwomens duty after the hunting $ thefijhwg orhun* tingoftheBener\ the difcriptionofthefams j her admirable biiilMng 5 i h dii €ai\ do\ Bi art fwc led\ foul ^es } the mrcha^m ir Baft" llouand ce-^their hretfes • Letters-^ hers and her and ciples cf eatftejfe the Sa- vhether 'tiecou" oHetotu Piety the eX' ^s, pn* mgeth } ir 5 the he 32; TtptioH ^Ofivds'y ; their Kitch' Qr htitu yfirahle iLi'mg 5 I The Contents^ hmlding \ htm flje is taken^jrornvfiheyice anciently the'Beuers did come), Of Bear es •, Leopards • thedifcrtptionoftheheafi r^/Z^^Nibaches \lVoittes .^ Comes&c, the Cattell of France doprofitrvJitK N€T» France ; Maruellous maltipltcationsf Beafts ; ofthebci^fls of Florida, andof Braftll-^ ^heSatiages are trtiely noble. Chap. XXII. Of Ha/iking 5 the LMufes doe delight in hunting 5 hawking is a noble exercife 5 How the Sanages take thetrfovple 5 Hands frvarming with birds •, thefoules of Fort Roy all j Of a bird caU /^^Niridau : ofgUfteringpes -^Turky or Indian Cocks -^ the foHlesoiFlorida»andofBraftll, Chap. XXIIL Of Fifhing \ a comparifon betvpeene Hunting, Hanking and Fijhtngt, anEmperonrdelightinghimfelfe in Fifhing-^ Plato hisabfurdity 5 Fijhing permitted to Chttrchmen\ the feed- ing vponfifh is the befl and Vfholefomefi food : euery Fifh dreads the fV inter y and withdraweth himfelfe , they returne in the Spring time ; a manna of Smelts ^ Heerings , Pilchers, Sturgeons and Salmons \ the maner of taking of them by the Sauages •, theabufe ^fuperffition of FythagovAS 5 the San* dkoium of New found land fiJhermen'^ofthe/hellFiJh of Port Royali '^the fijhtngof the Codde\ whether Cods doefleepe^ thecaufe why fijhes fleepe not ; fijhes hauingflonesin their heads (as the Codde) doe fear e fVinter ; Oile ( ortraine) of fijh 5 the fijhing of the Whale \ wherein the hardinejfe and bouldneffe oft he Sauages is to be admired > Hippopotames : the infinite multitude of Mackerels j the Id/enejfe ofthepeo* pie of this day. Chap. XXIIII. Of the Land: which isthegoodgroptnd: Terra Sigillata , is in New France: the fruEiifjing ofMonfieur dc Poutrin- cowrts Sowings : which is the good Dung : of Turkic (or Indi' 4n)fVheaty called MMs: how the Sauages doe mend theiv grounds : how they Sowe \ the temperature of the Aire doth ferHetoprodnUion-^ Barncf vnder ground: the caufe of the pth» mttriis. 7< . ■ ■ w - ''ill, ■ -' ltothf$tlMejfe of the Sauages of the hither Unds neere vfiH vs • Hemfe j ofyines 5 yvhen they were prFi planted in Galia 5 of Trees ^ Tahacco, and the maner andvfe oftt \ thefooiijhgree'* dinejfe after Ta^acco 5 the Vertues thereof '^ the error of Bel- IC'iorcAiof the root es called Afrodiles, or ground Nuts- a confderationvpon the mi/erie of many people : the tilling of the ground is a mofl innocent excrcife 5 Gloria adorea : of the Fruit trees i and others of Port Royally ofFlorida^andofBra" Jill J the dejpijing of Mines $ Fruits to be hoped in new France^ Chap. XXV. Of the war : to what end the Sauages doe ntakje war : The Orations of the Sauages Captaines : their (urprijes : the ma" tier to foretell the euent of the war • thefuccejjion ofCaptaines^ the Sauages armes \ of excellent Archers '^from whence comes the word M\\\ii^ : the caufe of the Sauages fear e : their m^.^ uer of marching in fVar : a war like dance \ how the Sauages doe vfe theviBory S oftheViEUme^ facrtfice ; Puni/hment^ the Sauages will notfaU into their enemies hands : the trophies oft heir enemies headsiof the ancient GauUoi^ '^ofthemoderne Hungarians* -. \. .^, . . ,....•■ Chap. XXVI. Of Funerals ; the lamenting for the dead "^ thehuryingof them is a worke of humanity 5 thecufiome of the Sauages in this rejpe6i 5 of the prefer uing oft he dead bodies j oft he mour^ Ttingofthe Perpans, iz/£gjpttansy Romans , G a/cons, *BraJtlim ans^ FloridianSj Sourtejuots^ Hebrewes, ^lueenes of France ^ ThracianSi Locrians, ancient Chrtfii^ms ; the burning of the THoueable goods of the dec eaffedjA fair e leffon to the Couetous^ the cuftomes of the Phrigians , Latins , Hebrewes , Gaullois^ Germans, and Sauages for this rcjpeSl ythe burying of the dead \fyhat people doe bury them :whoburnethem, and who freferuethem 5 Of the funerall gifts Jhut vp inthefepulchers 9ft he dead ; the fame reprooued 5 the couetoufnejfe of the lif-» fnngersofSepulchers, ■^ ■ . '. - . t . : . Noua ■ 'S\ I i^Kv H ^ * lalia ; of %g of the : of the of Bra." France^ tr : The the ma-' iptaines^ :e comes heir w^- Saudges fhment ; trophies moderne ^\» trying of iages in e moHT" 'Brafilu France^ ^g of the metouS'^ aHllois, g of the dud rvho itttchers theln^ NoH^ i awM ?SS3^ i ::^:^' m9 _;I_^„ tati Dul inc( ^wr -••«<*r •'T* 't^.- ^^^ '. ^ ^ r B* ^ W w 3\(oua Francia. The three late voyages and plan-^ tat ion ofMonfieur De Mo n T s , ofMonfieur DuPont grauc, and of Monf/eurDcVowtnncouttj into the Countries called by the Frenchmen La(^aMay ly- ing to the Southweft of Cap Breton j together with an excellent feuerallTreatieof all thecopimo- ditjes of the faid Countries : and ma- ners of the naturall inhabitants of the fame. Chap. I. The Patent of the French King to Monfeur D e M o N T_5, for the inhabiting of the Countries ofLz, Cadia> Canada , and other places in new France, E K R Y by the grace of God King of France and Nauarre. To our ^T Ni n^^^ F^ dcarc and welbcloued the Lord of tS w^^S^A\ K^ Mnnr^, nnenf fhenrdinarieGen- " " " ' " tlemenof our Chamber, greeting. As our greatedcare and labour is, and hath alwaies beene , (ince our c omming to this cro wne, to raain- taine and confcrue it in the ancient dignitic , greatneffe and fplendor thereof, to extend and amplifie, as much as lawfully maybe done^ the bounds A and !^\\ t- % '■i^:\ V: A 0.— ',o -J'^^v «* ^ I G s^ .Jk4ki- fm = r Pfar tunc la-nju/elmc Jta it J MiMot excuJtt -h lARCVS I -U. E^ CO TES DE LOCE AN 'en LA FloVV^ELLE FRANCE cudtt LtLSCA?BOT nunc pnmuff! dirhtfauxf ^uhhc(iui( Jonautt y^ufc jjrtuiU/je iuRpy B N0M Trimid. andlimitsofthefame. Wcbeing,ofalongtiiiie>inforine(I ofchc (icuacion and condition of the lands and cerricories oiLa C^^/i/f , mooued abouc all things , with a fingular zeale, and deuout and conflant refolution, which we haue taken , with the helpc and aflTiftance of God , author, di* ftribucor, and protestor of all kingdomcs and edates, ta caufe the people , which doe inhabireche Countries men r (at this prefent time) barbarous, Atheifts, without faith ^ or religion, to be conuerted to ChriHianitie, and to the be« leefeand profeflTion of our faith and religion ;and to draw them from the ignorance and vnbcleefe wherein they are. Hauingalfoofa long time knowen by the relation of the Tea CaptaineS) Pilots , Marchants and othcrs,who of long time haue haunted, frequented and traf&cked with the people tha' are found in the (aid places,how friiitfull,com- modious and profitable may beevntovSy to our cOates and fubie£ls, tbe.dwelling , pofTefTion, and habitation of thofe countries , for the great and apparent profit which may be drawcn by the greater frequentation & habitude which may be had with the people that are found there,& the trafHckc and commerce which may be, by thatmeans^ fafcly treated and negotiated. Wee then for thcfe caufes fully troftingon your great wifedome, and in the know- ledge and experience that you haue of the qualitic, condi- tion and ficuation of the faid countrie oiLa Cadia : for the diuers andfundrynauigations, voiages and frequentati^ ons that you haue made into thofe parts , and others ncere and bordering vpon it : AfTuring our felues that this our refolution and intention, being committed vnto you , you will attentiuely, diligently, andnolefTe couragioufly and valouroufly execute and bring to fuch perfe^ionas we dcfirc: Haueexprcfly appointed and cftablifhcdyou^and by thcfc Prcfents, figned with our own** hands , doe com- mit, ordaine , make, conflitute and eHablifh you , our Lieutenant generall , for to reprefent our perfon , in the countries^ cerricories^ coafls and confines oi'La Cadia. To beein \': J^^ TlfM FranAu begin from the 40 degree vncoche4^. Andinthefame diftance^ or part of it, as farre as may be done, to e(labli(b, extend and make to be knowneour name , might and au« thoricie. And vnder the fame to fubie^V, fubmit and bring to obedience all the people of the faid land and the bor- derers thereof : And by the meanes thereofiand all lawful! waies, to call, make, in(lru£l> prouoke and incite them to the knowledge of God, and to the light of the faith and Chridian Religion, to eftabli(h it there ; And in the exer- cife and profedion of the fame, keepe and conferuethe faid people , and all other inhabitants in the faid places, and there to command in peace, red and tranquillitie, as well by fea as by land : to ordaine, decide, and caufe to be executed ail chat which you (hall iudge fit and neccfTarie to be done, for to maintaine , keepe and conferue the faid places vnder our power andauthoritie, by the formes, waies and meanes prefcribed by our lawes. And for to haue there a care of the fame with you , to appoint cfla- bli(h,andconftituteall officers, as well in the affaires of warre,as fbrIufticeandpolicie,for the firfl time, and from thence forward to name and prefent them vnto vs : for to be difpofed by vs, and to giue letters, titles,and fuch pro- uifoes as (hall be neceffarie. And according t > the occur- rences of affaires , yourfelfe with the aduicc of wife and capable men, to prefcribc vnder our good plcafure, lawes, flatutesand ordmances conformable , as much as may be poffible, vnto ours, fpecially in things and matters that arenotprouidedby them : To treat and contralto the fame effeA,peace,alliance and confederacy > good ami- tie, correfpondencie and comunication with the faid peo- ple & their Princes >or others, hauing power or command ouer them: To entertaine, keepe, and carefully to obferu«» the treatifes and alliances wherein you (hall couenant with chem : vpon condition that they themfelues performe the fame of their part. And for want thereof to make open warres againll them, to conAraine and bring them to fuch A a reafon. 4 ii- ^UA Francia. rcafon, as you rnallthinkcnccdfull,forthehonour,obecIi- cncc and ieruiccof God, and the eftablidjment, mainte- nance and conferuation of our faid auchoritie amongft them : at lead to haunt and frequent by you , and all our fubiefts with them, in all aflurance, libcrtie,frequentation and communication , there to negociateand trafEcke lo- uingly and peaceably. To giue and grant vnto them fa- uors andpriuiledges , charges and honors. Which intirc power abouefaid , we will likewife and ordaine , that you haueouerall our faid fubicdls that will gor in thatvoiagc with you and inhabite there, trafficke, negociate and re- maine in the faid places, torctaine, take, referueand ap- propriate vnto you, what you will and (hall fee to be naoft commodious for you, and proper to your charge, quahtie and vfe of the faid lands, to diftribute fuch parts and por- tions thereof, to glue and attribute vnto them fuch titles, , honors , rights, powers and faculties as youftiallfee nc- celTaric, according to the qualities , conditions and me- rits of the perfons of the fame countrie or others. Chiefc- ly to populate, to manure, and to make the faid lands to be inhabited,as fpecdily,carefully & skilfully , as time,placcs & commodities may permit. To make rhereof,or caufe to be made to that end, difcoueric and view along the mari- time coades and other countries of the mainc land, which you (hall order & prefcribe in thefbrefaid fpacc of the 40 degree, to the 46 degree,or othcrwifc as much and asfarre as may be, along the faid coafl:, and in the firme land. To make carefully to be fought and marked all forts ofmincs of gold and offiluer, copper, and other mett als and mine- rals, to make them to be digged , drawne from the earth , purified and refined,for to be conuerted into vfe,todifpofe according as we haue prefcribed by Edifts and oroers which wchauemadein this rcalme of the profit and be- nefit of them , by you or them whom you fhall eflabli(h to thatefFeft , referuing vnto vs onely the tenth pcnic, of that which (hall ifTue from them of gold, filucr, and cop- -• per. m Noua Trancia, that vvhich vvhicnwc might takcof the per , Icauing vnto you tnat vvnicn we mignt takci other faidmettals and minerals , for to aide and cafe you in the great cxpenfes that the forefaid charge may bring vnto you. Willing in the meanc wliile , that as well for your fecuritie and commoditie, as for the fecuritie and commoditie of all our fubicfts, who will goc , inha- bite, and trafficke in the faid lands: as generally of all ' others that will accommodate thcmfelues there vndcr ^ our power and authorities you may caufc to bee, built and frame one or many forts, places , Towncs , and all other houfes, dwellings and habitations , Ports, Hauens, retiring places and lodgings, as you (hall know to be fit, profitable and neceiTaric for the performing of the faid Ciiterprife. To eftablifh garrifons and fouldiers for the keeping of them. To aide and ferue you for the effects a- boue faid with the vagrant, idle perfons and ma(lerle{re,as Idle and ba. f well out oftownes as of the countrie : and with them that nifhed men be condemned to perpetuall baniflimcnt , or for three ^{"P^^ ' r^ * n- ' yeeres at the Icaft out of our Realme : Prouided alwaies '*"" ^"^^^^^^^ that it be done by theaduice, confent, and authoritie of ourofficers. Ouer and belides that which is abouementi- oned ( and that which is moreouer prefcribed , comman- ded and ordained vnto you J?y the commidions and pow- ers, which our moft dearc cofen the Lord of Ampuillc Ad- mirall of France hath giuen vnto you, for that which con- cerncth the affaires and the charge of the Admiraltie , in the exploit, expedition, and executing of the things a- boue faid ) to doe generally whatfocucr may make for the conqucfl:, peopling, inhabiting and prcfciuation of the faid land of Z4 Cadia , and of the coaftes , territories ad- va| ioining, and of their appurtenances and dependencies, vndcr our name and authoritie, whatfoeuer our felues would & might doCjif we were there prefent in perfon,al- though that the cafe fhould require a raorefpeciall order, then we prefcribe vnto you by thefe Prefents : To the contents whereof wee command , ordaine, and mofl ex- A 3 prelli( • ^ ,<>■ ' c prcflie doeenioineallour ludiccrs , officers and fubic^f^ to confornie theaifelues : And to obey and giue attention vntoyou, in allandeuery the things abouefaid, their cir* cumflances and dependencies. AlToto giue vnto you in the executing of them all fuch aid and comfort, helpeand aiTiftance, as you (hall haueneed of, and whereof the/ fiiall be by you required ; and this vpon paine of difobe* dience and rebellion. And to the end nobody may pre- tend caufe of ignorance of this our intention, and to bufitf himfelfe in all, or in part of the charge, dignitieand au« thoritie which we giue vnto you by thefe prefents : Wee haue of our certaine knowledge, full power and regall au« thoritie , leuoked, fupprcfTed and declared voide, and of none efFc£^ heereafter, and from this prefent time, al other powers and commiflions, letters and expeditions giuen and deliuered to any perfon foeuer , for to difcouer , peo« pie and inhabite in the fbrefaid extention of the faid lands» lituated from the faid 40 degree , to the 46, whatfoeuer they be. And furthermore we command and ordaine aH our faid officers,of what qualitie 6c condition foeuer they be, that after theife Prefents, or the duplicate of them (hall be duely examined hy one of our beloued and trufty Counfellcrs, Notaries and Secretaries , or other Notarie Roy all, they doe vpon your requeft , demand and fute, or vpon the fute of any our Atturneis , caufe the fame to be read, publiftied, and recorded in the records ofthcirlurif- di^ions, powers and preciR^s,feeking, as much as fhall appertaine vnto them , to quiet and appeafe all troubles and hinderances which may contradi^ the fame. For fuch is our pleafure. Giuen at Fountain-Bleau the S day ofNouember: intheycereofour Lord i ^03: And of our reigne the 1 5 . Signed Henry: and vndcrneath , by the King\ Potierj Andfealed vponiinglela- ^ ;. bell with yellow j waxe* Chan Chap. I L fhev^^g^ ofMonJieur Dc Monts into New France: what accidents hapnedin the /aid voyage: Theeaufes oft hi Icie hankl ^» Newfound Una: The impojing of. names to certaine Torts : The per^ plexitie wherein they were hy reafon oft he flay of the otherjbipt MOnfieur De Monts hauing made the Comnaiflionr and Prohibitions before faid, to be proclaimed chorow the Realrae of France , and efpecially: thorow the Ports and maritime townes thereof > caufed two (hips to be rigged and furnifhed, theonevnder the Gondu£bofcaptaine7/>»9^^ of New-hauen, the other of captaine ^^r^/Zof Honfleur. In the fir(l, he (hipped him- felfe, with good number of men of account, as well Gen- tlemen as others. And forafmuch as Mon(ieur De Poh^ trincottrt was, and had beene of along tknei de(irous to fee thofe countries ofNew France, and there to findeout and chufe fome fit place to retire himfelfeinto, with his i^i* he, wife and children, not meaning to be the lail.thac (houldfoUowand participate in the glory of fofaire and §0diiois an enterprife, would needs goe.thither,and (hip- pfedhimfelfewichthefaidMonfieur Ue Monts, carrying with him fome quantitie of armours and munitions of The TetMig warre*, and (b weighed anckers from I^ew-hauenthefe« foonhout of ucmh day of March, 1(504: But being departed fome- Ncw-bauen. what too foone, before the Winter had yet left off her fro- zen weedjthey found ftore of Icie banks,againft the which they were in danger to ftrike, and fo to be caft away : But Danger. God, which hjchcrto hath profpered the nauigation of thcfe voiagcs, prcfcrued thcnu ^ One might wonder , and not without caufe, why, in the fame parallel, there is more Ice in this fea than m that of i4f I I'M W mi • i W * 8 A perillous ftorme. Winde com- monly good in March for the Ncvf found lands. The lie of Sablon or Sand. ftgmU of France. Whcrcunto I anfwcr, that the Ices that be found in thofe fcas arc not originary fro the fame ch'matc, but rather come from the Northerly parts, driuen with- out any let thorow the vaft of this great Tea by the waues, ftormes , and boifterousflouds, which the Eafterly and Northerly vvindes doe caufe in Winter and Spring time, and driue them towards the South and Weft : But the French feas are (heltered by Scotland, England and Ire- land: which is the caufe that the Ices cannot (all into it. An other reafon alfo might be alleaged,and that is the mo- tion of the fea , which beareth more towards thofe parts, becaufe of the larger courfe that it maketh towards Ame- rica than towards the lands of thefe our parts. The perill of this voyage was, notonelyinthemeeting of the faid bankesof Ice, but alfo intheftormes that vexed them: One of them they had that brake the galleries of the Ihip: And in thefe turmoiles, a loyner was caried away by a fea or flafh of water to the next doore of death , ouerboord, butheheldhimfelfe faftata tackling, which by chance hung out of the faid (hippe. The voyage was long by reafon of contraricwindcs, which feldome hapneth to them that fet out in March for the Newfound lands,which are ordinarilie caried with an Eaftor Northrenwinde, fit to goe to thofe lands. Andha- uing taken their courle to the South of the He of 4MilN# Sahlon, or^Sand,for toQiunnc the faid Ices,they almoft fell from Caribdis into ScjlU, going to ftrike towards the faid He, during the thicke mifts that are frequent in that fea . In the end, the fixt of May they came to a certain Port, where they found captainc Rojpgnoloi New-hauen , who did trucke for skins with the Sauagcs , contr^i-jeto the Kings inhibitions , which was the caufe that iiisihip was confifcated. This Port was called Le Port dtt Roffigml, hauing ( in this his hard fortune ) this onely good, that a good andfitHarboroughorPort, in thofe coafts beareth his name. From ! : . s ! . ■i. I / 'i From thence coafting and difcoucringthclands , they arriucd at another Porte , very faire , which they named Le Port dn d^ofttton, by realbn that a Mutpon or Wether hauing leaped oucrboord and drowned himfelfc came a- boord againe, and was taken and eaten as good prize. By fuch accidents many names haue anciently beene giuen on thefuddcn, and without any great dehberation. So the Capitol of Rome had his name, becaufe that in digging there, a dead mans head was found. So the citie of Milan hach beene called Medio/tWfim, that is to fay , halfe wooll, for that the GahUs, catting the foundation thereof , found a Sowe halfe couered with wooll : and fo of fundry others. Being at the Port du Montton, they cabaned and lodged themfelues after the fauagcfaftiion, cxpefting ncwes of the other (hip, wherein was the visuals and other necef- farie prouifion for thefoode and entertainment of them that were to Winter there, being about an hundred men in number. In this Port they tarried a moneth in great per- plexitie, for fearc they had that fome finider accident had hapned to the faid other (hippe, whofetbut the* tenth of March , wherein was Monjieur Dtt Pont of Honfleur , and the faid Captaine Morel, And this was fo much the more important,for that of the comming of the faid fliip depen- ded the whole fuccelTe of the bulmefle. For euen vpon this long tarying, it was in queftion whether they (liould returne into France or no. Monjieur De PonwtrincoHrt was of aduice chat it were better to die there*, whereto the faid MonfieurDe /^ cd with Duth be : powre cafanter lire falls : isari- which Ships .■■» ii'i 2^cuA Frmcia. Ships may (ailefifccene Leagues and more, and in a.'I this diftance is norliiDgof both lides theKiuer butfaiie me- dowes, wliich riucr was named V Scjmlle^ becaiifc that the firft filli ral the Icflc rcit enloyethhe, and his life Icifcr afTured vnto him. Before the voyages of T^r^^i^great riches might hauc beene fet vp in a fmal p!ace,in (lead tliat in this our age by the abundance of gold and filuer the fame is come at no value nor cftecm : One hath need of huge cheds and co^ fers to put in that,which a fmall budget might haue cotai- ned. One might haue trauelled with a purfe in ones llceue, & now a Cloake-bag and a horfe mud exprefly be had for tt that purpofe. We may iuftly curfe the houre that greedie *€ auarice did carry the Spaniard into the Weil, for the wo- full euents that naue enfued thereof. For when I confider that by his greedineiTe he hath kindled &i maintained the warrethorow all Chridendome, and his onely Rudiehath (c beene how to dcftroy his neighbors (andnottheTurke) tt I cannot thinkethat any other but the diuellhath beene « the author of their voyages. And let not the pretence of it religion bealleaged vntomee : for(aswehaue faidelfe- <( where) they haue killed all theofspring of the Countric «c with the moft inhumainc torments that the diuell hath irritamentA mdorHmy hee declared That mun to be happy that hath not rttnne after gold,and hath not put his hope infiluer andtreafures-^ adding, that he ought to be efieemed to haue done rvonderfull things amenffaUm people, and to be the example of glory ^which hath beene tempted by gold jAnd remained perfeB. And fo by a con- trary fenfe the fame to be vnhappy that doth otherwifc. Now to rcturne to our Mines. Among thefe Copper rockes there is found fometimcsfmall rockes coueicd with Diamons fixed to them. I will not affurc them for fine, but that 1$ very plcafing to the fight. There arc alfo certainc ihininir blew ftoncs, which arc of no leflc value or woorth than Turkic ftoncs. Cj^onJieurDe Champdore our guide for the naui^ations in thofe councries, hauing cue within a .- rockc a Patroni'js Aibiter, EcclcHaft. I r. vcr.1.9. x». Dlamoncif. Tuilcyfioiics, ^«'' rockc one of tliofc (loncs , at his rcturnc from New France he brake it in two, and gauc one part of it to Monjieur De JMonts^ the other to Monfieur D e Pofitnncofirtj'^jvhich they inadetobe putingold,and V, -rcfound woorthy to bcprc- fentcd the one to the King by the hiAPoutriytcourt , the • other to the Qiiecne by the laid DeAdonts,zi\6, v\ ere very well accepted. I remember that a Gold-lmith did offer fifteene crownes to Monjieur De Poutrincourt for that he prefented to his Ma ieftie. There be many other fccrets,rarc and faire things within the ground of thofe Countries , which are yet vnknowen vnto vs , and will come to the knowledge and euidence by inhabiting the prouincc* G H A p. nil. The defcription of the ri/ter Saint lohn : and of the lU Saint (/roix: Themanlofiinthevpoodsfound out i6. daies after: Examples offomefirange ahftinences : The difcord of the Sa^ nages deferred to theiudgement ^/Monfieur Dc Moots: The fatherly author it ie amongfl the faid Sana-' ges : fVhat htisbands tfjcy chhfe to ^ their Daughters^ HAuing viewed the faid Mine, the companie paf- fed to the other tide of the French Baye, and went towards the bottcme of the fame : Then turning backe came to the riuer of Saint Iohn,fo called (as Ithinke) becaufethey arriucd thither the foure 6c twentieth of June, which is S. lohnBaptifls day. There is a faire Port,but the cntrie or mouth is dangerous to them that know not the bedwaies, becaufe that before the comming in there is a long bankeof rockes, which are not fecne nor difcoucred» The fall of a but onely at low water, which doc ferue as for defence to I^uer. this Port , within which , when one hath gone about a league, there is found a violent fall of the faid riuer , which falleth downc from the rockes , when that the feadoth cbbe^ wich a maruellous noife ; for being fometimes at an anker Saintlohns Riuer. Dangerous commiflg in. tf V France ■1 fieur De ich they >bcprc- Hrt , the ere very id offer r that he rets,rare iintrics , )e to the ICC. 7tf Saint fs after: 'thcSa- 4onts: ^- nic paf- id went turning Lthinkc) oflunCy ,butthe DOC the "^jI icrcis a -MB ouercd. fence to ' ^K about a ; if ) which 1 ea doth es at an anker kerat Tea, wthaue heard ic from abouetwclue leagues o(F. Bur at full fea one may pafTeic with great (liips. This riucr is one of the faired that may be fcene, hauing (lore of Hands, and fwarming with filhes. This laft ycere 1608. chefaid LMonJieur de Champdorc , with oneof the faid Monfieur De Monts his men, hath beene fome /o leagues Yp the faid riucr : and do wicnefTe ihac there is great quan- ticie of Vines along the (horc , but the grapes arc notfo biggcas they bee in the country of the Armouchiquois : There are alfo Onions,& many other forts of good hearbs. As for the trees they are the fayreft that may be fcene. When we were there we faw great number of Cedar trees. Concerning fiOics the faid cfjampdore hath related vnto vs , that putting the kettle ouer the fire, they had taken fi(h fufHcicBt for their diner before that the water was hot. Morcouer this riucr, dretching it felfe farre within the lands of the Sauages doth maruelloudy (horcen the long trauels bymeanes thereof. For in fix dales they goe to Cafiipe comming to the bay or gulfe ofChaieur, or neace, when they are at the end of it, in carying their Canowcs fome few leagues. And by the fame riucr in eight daies chey goe to Tadouffac by a branch of the fame which com- meth from the North- Wed. In fuch fort that in Port Roy* all one may haue within 15. or 18. daies newes from the Frenchmen dwelling in the great xvacxo^CanadaXyy thefe waies : which could not be done in one rooneth by fea^ nor without danger. Leauing Saint lohns riucr , they came following the coad 20. leagues from that place, to a great riucr (which is properliefca) where they fortified themfclucs inalittle Hand featedin thcmiddcll of this riucr, which the faid Champlein had bcene to difcoucr and view. And feeing it drongby nature,and of cade defence and keeping, befides that "the feafon began todide away , and therefore it was behoucfull to prouide of lodging , without running any hithcx^ they rcfolued to make their abode there. I will C noc i^ol* Vines, Great jrjpcs among the Armouchi- quois. Abundance offiHies. TheCom- moditie of Yoyagingbjr thehuer. The II. of 5. Croix, xo. leagues frofll S. lohns riuer. IP' "■I'lRTiT He that will oflcffc a 1 I !?i V ii not fifr out curioufly the rcafons of all parts vpon the rcfo»- lution of this their dwelling ; but I will alwaics be of opi- . lid ought to nion ,thatwhofoeuer goes into a countric to pofTcfTc it^ place himfdfc muft not flay in the l!es,thcre to be a prifoner. For, before in the mai! < j^jj things, the culter and tillage of the ground inuft be re- orfinnchnd. ^^^.j^j And I would faine know how one (hall till and manure it, if it bchoucthat eueryhoureintheniorning,at noonc and the eucning, to crofTc a great pafTage of water, to goe for things rcquifite from the firmcland. And if one fcarcth the enemy , how fhall he that husbandcth the land , orothcrwifc bufiein ncceflarie affaires ,faue himfelfc if he bcpurfued ? for one findeth not alwaics a boat in hand, in time of need e, nortvvomentocondu£lir. Befides,our life requiring many commodities, an Hand is not fit for to begin the eftablifhmcnt and feat of a Colony, vnlcflc there be Currents and ftreames of fwect water for to drinkc,and to fupplie other nccefTarics in houfhold, which is notin fmall Hands. There needeth wood for fucll, which atfoii not there. Butaboue all , there mufl be flickers from the hurtfull winds and colde : which is hardly found m a fmall continent, inuironcd with water of all fides. Neuerthc- lefTe the Companie foiorned there in the mideff of a broad riuer, where the North wind and North-Weft bloweth at will. And becaufe,that two leagues higher there be brooks that come crofTe- wife to fall within this large branch of fca, the He of the Frenchmens retreat was called Saint Croix, 2 5 . leagues diftant from Port "B^ya/. Whilcft that they begin to cut downc Cedars and other trees of the faid He to make neceflary buildings,lct vs rcturne to fecke out Mafter Ntcola^ Anhri, loft in the woods , which long time fince is holden for dead. As they began to vifit and fearch the Hand, Monjtetit de Champdore (of whom wc flial henceforth make mentio, by rcafonhedwelt foure yeeres in thofe parts, conduc- ing the voyages made there) was fent backe to the Bay of Saint Mary, witliaMinc-findcr, that had tccne caricd thither tliitl aid.i into] pai llanil goinj wicl hclpl hccr I h' ntIicrcro». beof opi- )ofrcfrc it, or, before mftbcrc- kll till and orning,at of water, ^nd if one the land, fclfcifhc in hand, fides, our fit for ta "flc there inkc,and is not in ichalfoii from the nafmall euerthc- Fa broad )weth at cbroolc* ranch of cd Saifft Jeff that s of the . tofccke ch Jong Tientio, >ndiift- Bayof caried thither iliither for to get fomc Mines of filucr & Iron , which they did. And as they had crofTcd the French Bale, they entrcd R^^i'^ne to into the faidBaie of Saint CMarie , by a narrow ftrait or SaL^^^f^rf* pafTage, which is betwccnc the land ^{fort %^yal, and an vvhcrc the '* Hand called the LonglU: where after feme abode they loft man was going afifhing, the faid Anbri perceaued them, and began ^f'""*^ ^g-^'"' with a feeble voice to call as loud as he could j and for to ^^" ^^"S ^^^' hclpc his voice he aduifcdhimfclfcto doc ^% Ariadne did hccretofore toT'/j^/e'///, Candidaque imp ofnt longd ve lamina virg4t^ Scilicet oblitosadmonirHr A mei. For he put his handkcrchcr, and his hat on a flaue^ end, wliich made him better to be knovven. For as one of them hcu d the voice, and asked the reft of the companie, if it might be the faid Alonfteur Anbri, they mocked & laugh- ed at it. Bi:t after they had fpied the mouing of the hand- kcrcher andoi the hat, then they began tothinke that it - might be hee. And comming necrc, they knew perfeft- ly it was himfclfe, and tooke him in their Barke with great ioy and concentmci.t the fixifeenthday after he had loft himfelfe. Diners in this later age haue (luffed their books and hift orics with many miracles, wherein is not to bee found fo g;rcat caufe of admiration as in this . For during thcfc fixtCtndaies hee feddc himfelfe but by (I know not Chcrics. what) fmali fruits , like vnto Chcrics, without kcrncl,(yct not fo delicate) which arc fcarfly found in thofc woods. And indeed in thefc laft voyages a fpeciall graceand fauor of God hath beenccuident in many occurrences , which we will marke as occafion (hall be offered.The poore Aft-- kri ( I call him fo by reafon of his afHiflion ) was, as one may eafily thinke 9 maruelloufly weakened. They gaue him food by meafure , and brought him backe againe to the companie at the Hand of Saint Croix , wherof eucrie one receaued an incredible icy and confolation 9 andefpe- cially Monjieur D e Monts, whom it concerned more than any other. Doe not alleagc vnto me the Hifloriesof the C 2 Maide i ■i, 1 I ,1) « ,t m %< i« Jcbn}yter\n the treatic Di itiHrnufom" mntf. Miidc of ConfolaM, in the Countric of Poison: which w» two y cares without eating, fomc fix ycares agoc,nor of aa other nccre *Berne in Swijfer-landy which loft ( not yet full ten ycares ago )the dcfirc and appetite of eating,during all her lifetime , and other like examples : for they bee acci* denes hapned by the difordering of nature. And conccr- ningthac which PZ/^^recitcth, that in the rcmotcft parts of the Indies, in the inferiour parts of the fountaine and fpring of the riuer Ganges, there is a nation ofAfioms, that is to fay, Mouthlefle people , that Hue but with the oncly odour and exhalation of certaine rooces,{lowers and fruits which they allume through their nofes: I would hardly beleeueit, but would thinke rather thatinfmelling they might bite very well of the faidrootes and fruits: As alfo thofe that lames ^artier mentioneth to haue no mouths, and to eat nothing, by the report of the Sauage DomacoMp whom he brought into France to make rccitall thereof to the King, with other things as voidc of common fenfe and credit as that. But imagine it were true , fuch people haue their nature difpofed to this maner of liuing , and this cafe is not alike. For the faid ^uhri wanted no ftomacke nor appetite, and hath liued fixteene daics,pardie nourifh. cd by fome nutritiue force, which is in the aire of that countrie, and partly by thofe fmall fruits before fpokcni God hauing giuen him ftrength to endure this longwane of food, preicruing him from the flep of death. Which I finde ftrange, and is fo indeed. But in the Hiflories of our time there be found things of greater maruell. Among o* thcr things of one Henrj £ie HajfeU, merchant trafficking from the Low Countries to Berg inNorwege : who hauing heard a belly- god Preacher fpeaking ill of the miraculous fids , as though it were not in Gods power to doc that which he hath done in times paft, prouoked by it, did af- fayto faft, and abftained himfelfc three daies from ea^ ing : At the end whereof, being pinched with hunger, tookc a roorfell of bread /meaning tofwallow it downe if i lich w» iior of aa ytt full uring all jcc acci- conccr- ft parts ainc and V, thac ic oncly nd fruits 1 hardly ing they ; As alfo mouths, onnacoftdp bcrcof to ion fenfe h people , and this (lomacke Enouri(h« re of that t fpokeni ongwant Which I ics of our mong ©• afficking o hauing iraculous doe that i did af- rom eat* hunger, t downe Yvicb ¥"* ^ith a glaffc of Becrc : but all that ftuckc fo in his throate, chat he remained forty dales and forty nights without ci- ther eating or drinking. That time bcmg ended, he vomi- ted out by the mouth that which he had eaten and drunkc, which all that while remained in his throat. So long an ab« ftincncc weakned him in fuchfort , that it was needfull to fuftaineand reftore him with milke. The Gouernour of the countrey hauing vnderftood this woonder,ca]led him before h:m,and inquired of the truth of the matter; where- of being incredulous, would make new triall of it, and ba- iling made him carefully to bee kept in a chamber , found the thing to be true. This man is praifcd for great pietic, fpecially towards the poore. Sometime after being come for his priuatc affaires to Brnxelles in 'Brabant , a Creditor ofhisjtobereauehim of his due , accufed him of hcreiio, and fo caufed him to be burned in the yeere 1545 . And (ince one of the Chanons of the citie oi Liege, ma- ihUt^t^ king triall of his flrength infafting, hauing continued the fame euen to the feuenteenth day, felt himfelf fo weakned^ that vnlefTe he had beene fuddenly fuccoured by a good refloratiue, he had quite peri(hed. A yopguc Maid oiBuchotd, in the territorie of Munfler iltUtm, InfyefiphaltajzBi^edvfkh griefeofminde,and vnwilling to (lirre or goe abroad from home, was beaten by her mo« ther forthe fame , which redoubled her dolour ,.in fuch fort, that hauing lofl her naturall red , was foure moneths without either drinking or eating, fauing that fometimes ihe did chaw fome rolled apple, and walhed her mouth nkhsLlittlcT nfa?te. The Ecclefiafticall Hiftories, among a great number of Budgrlm Uh.i '» fafters, make mention of three holy Hermites, all named ofthcEcdc- SimeoHy which did liue in ftrange aufteritic and long fafts, |ja^'"JJ bi- as of eight daies , and fifrecnc daies continuance, yea £^,Jj*^^,^yp^„ longer, not hauing for all their dwelling but a Columne the Mar^ui or Hermitage where they dwelt and Icdde their liues : by Rom.j>, wafon whereof they were named Stclites , that is to faie, ^'«»>. t- C 3 C^lumnarieii >l ii ,f 4^ f I 4 ThcSauagc fubuiit themfelues to the cenfure ofMonfieur V«M$ntsm in their vari- ances. The fathers authoricie in inAriage. The taufe tht of Sauages- pleadcd be- fore Ahmfieur Di Moms, 0///iw«*r/V/,a$ dwelling in Colunincs. * • But ail chefe before allcagcd>hacl partly re(blued them< felues to fuch fads , and partly had by little and little ac« cuRomcd themfelues to it , fo that it was not very Rrange for them to faft fo long : which war not in him of whom wefpeake. And therefore his faft is the more to be admi- red, by fo much as that he had not in any wife difpofcd himfclfc thereto, and had not vfcd thefe long auftcrities. After hehadbeenecheriflicd, and they foiourncd yet fometimc, to order thebuiinclTe, and to view the l^ds round about the He Saint Croixy motion was made to fend backe the fhippcs into France before Winter , and fo they that went not thither to Winter , prepared themfelues for thcreturne. The meane while the Sauagcs from about all their confines came to fee the mancrs of the Frenchmen: Sc lodged themfelues willingly neere them: alfo in cettaine variances hapned amonglV themfelues , they did make MonpeHrDeMonts hid^c of their debates ; which is a be- finnmg of voluntarie fubiedion ,from whence a hope may e conceaued,that thefe people wil foone conformc them- felues to our maner of liuing. Amongftother things hapned before the departing of the faid fhips, it chanced one day, that a Sauage called J^i- tuAni, finding good relidi in the kitchin of the faid Mott" Jieur DeMonts, fetled himfclfe therein , doing there fomc feruice: And yet did make louetoaMaide, by way of marriage^ the which not being able to haue with the good hking and confenc of her father, herauiflied her and tooke her to wife. Thereupon a great quarrell enfueth. And in the end the Maid was taken away from him, and returned to her fathers. A very great debate was like to follow, were it nor that BituMni complaining to the faid MonfieurDe M«nts for this iniury,the others came to defend their caufe faying , (to wit.the father aflifted with his friends) that he would not^iue his daughter to a man, vnlcffe he had fome meanes by his indudric to nouriih and maintainc both her :'^-.s.<- y..^ : ^ " and them* tic ac- hange whom admi- ifpofcd ricics. icd yet e l^nds to fend fo they hies for jout all :hmcn : ccttainc d make iisabc- jpemay c them- rting of led Bi' JHon^ efome way of ic good d tooke And in eturncd WjWerc leurDe ircaufe that he id fome oth her and NdUA Fnncid. and the children that (hould proceed of the manage : Ai for him he faw not any thing that he could doe : That he loitered about the kitchin of the faid Monfieur deMonts, not excrcifing himfelfe ahunting. Finallic, that he (hould nothaue thcniaide, and ought to content himfelfe with that which was paded. The faid MonJicHrDe Ai^nts ha- uing heard both parties, told them, that he detained him not, and that the faid Bttnam was a diligent fellow and fliould goe ahunting to make proofe of what he could do. But yet for all that they did not rcftorc the maide vnto him, vnrillhe had (hewed cffcftuallythat which the faid Monfieur De A fonts had promifed of him. Finally , he go- Store ofSaUt eth afifhing, taketh great (lore of Salmons , the maide is mon$. redcliuercd him, and the next day following he came, clo- Beucr». thed withafaire newgowne of Beuers well feton with MdMchitu be Matachias y to the fort which was then a building for the Jace$,beadcs, Frenchmen, bringing his wife with him , as triumphing fJch Jrfnck°e« for the vi^ory, hauing gotten her, as it were by dint of fword : whom he hath euer fince loued dearely, contraric to the cuftome of the other Sauages 2 giuing vs to vnder- nand,that the thing which is gotten with pame, ought to bemuchchcri(hed. By this adlion we fee the two mo(l confiderable points in matter of mariage to bee obferued among thefe peo- ple, guided oncly by the law of nature : That is to fay, the fatherly authority > and the husbands induftrie : A thing which I haue much admired, fceing,thatinour Chriftian Church, by 1 know not what abufe, men haue lined many ages , during which the fatherly authority hath beene dif- pifedand fet at naught, vntillthatthcEccle(ia{licall con- uentions haueopencd their eies, and knowenthat thefamc was euenagaini} nature itfclfc : And that our Kings by lawes and Edicts hauereefl=abli(hed in his force this father- lie authority : which notwithftanding infpirituall maria- gcsand^owes of religion hath not yet recoucred his anci- * ; cnt gloric : And hath (intliis refpe^) his proppe but vp« on \ V >■ "- . w '■''!«t il «4 The Jcfcrip. tionofthelle ofSainc The fruitful, oeflfe of the Code. The Hand halfe a league ia compaftu V/tfi TrintUl en the Courts ofParlamcnts orders^the which ofrentimei haue conflirdined the detainers of Children^co rcflore them CO their parents. C H A p. V^ The definition of the Hand of Saint Croix i The ent erf rife ef Monficur De Monts difficult and generous yjet ft ^fectt* ted through enuie : The returne ofLMonfie$erDc Poutrincourtinto France : theferils ofthevoiage, BEforcwefpeakcofthcShips returne into France, ti is meeteco tell you how hard the lleof Saint Croixit to be found out, to them chat were neuer there. For there are fo many lies and great Baies to goe by jbefore one be at it,that I wonder how euer one might pierce fo far for CO finde it.There are three or foure mountams,imminent a* bouetheotherSjon the (ides : But on the North fide, from whence theriuer runneth downe, there is but a iharpe pointed one, aboue two leagues diClant. The woods of the maine land are faire and admirable high and well growen* as in likemaner is the grade. There is right ouer againft the Hand fi:e(h water brookes, very pleafant and agreeable^ where diuers of CJ^^n/TMr ^eLMonts his men did their bufinefTe , and builded there certaine Cabanes. As for the nature of the ground itismofl excellent and mod abun- dantly fruitful!. For thefaid AfonfieurDe Monts hausng caufcd there fome peece of ground to be tilled, and the fame fowed with Ric (for I haue fecne there no wheat) hec was not able to tarry for the maturitie thereof to reapeit: and notwithftanding, the sraine, fallen, hath growen and increafed fo wonderfully that two y eeres after wee reaped and did gather of it as faire, bigge and waigbtie, as any in France, which thefoile had brought foorth without any iilhf^c : and yetat this prefent it doth continue Hill to mul- Idply every ycere. The 6id Hand concaineth fome halfe a league » rentimet >rethcfli erprlfitf ance, ti Croix it TC. For fore one b far for linenca* icjfroin Jsofttie ;rowcnt againft ;reeablc» iidcheir s for the I abun« hauing andthe eat) he« eapeit: vcn and reaped s any in out any tomul- ihalfe 1 league Icli. I vi * N0U4 F rancid* 2j Icao'uc of circuit,and at the end of it on the fca fide, there is a Mount or fmall hill,which is(as it werc)a little He fevered fromtheother, where-<4/<9«/J"f//r^ kenthefpcciall fauour that God hathalwaies flicwcdin Thcfirft thefe voyages. pcrill Thefirftisofaguftof windc,whichinthcn)iddeftof their Tbereturnc ai Monfieur VeVouttmm twrt into Franccrf NdUd T fin C$4. 27 their naui^tion came by nighc inftantlie to (trikein the faileStWichiuch a violent boiitroufncfle chat it ouerturned the (liipin fuchmaner^thatof theonc part the kcelewas on the face of the water , and the faile fwimming vpon it, without any tneanes or time to right it, or to ioofe the caokles. On the fudden the fea is all afire, and the Mariners themfclues, all wet, didfecmeto bee all com palled with flames, fo furious was the Sea (the Sailers call this ^x^ Saint Goudrans fire ) and by ill fortune , in this fudden furprife, there was noc a knife to be found for to cut the cables or the faile. The poore (hip, during this cafualtie , remained o- uercurned, caried continually, one while vpon Mountaines of waters, then another while funckcn downe euen to hell. Briefcly.euery one did prepare to drinke, more than his belly full , to all his friends , when a new blaft of windc came, which rent the faile in a thoufand peeces, euer after vnprofitableto any vie. Happy farlc ! hauing by hisruinc faued all this people*, for if it had beene a new one they had beenecafl away, and neuernewes had beene heard ofthem. But God doth often trie his people , and bringeth them e- uen to deaths d(X)re, to the end they may know his pow- erfull might, and feare him. So the fliip began to flur and rifeagaineby little and little : And well was it for them thatfhe was deepe keeled, for if it had beene a fliboate with a flat bottome and broade belly, it had beene quite ouerturned vp fide downe, but the ballaft,which remained beneath, did helpe to (lirre her vpright. The fecond was at Cafjuet (an He or rocke in the forme ^j^^ fecond ofaCaske,bctvveenc France and England, on which there danger, is no dwclhng) being come within three leagues of the fame, there wasfome iealoufic betweenethe Mafters of the fhip (an euill which oftentimes deftroieth both men and fan e enterprifcs ) the one faying that they might dou- ble well enough thefaid Casket, an other that they could not, and that it behooued to caft a little from the right courf e for to paflTe vnder the Hand. In this cafe the worft '• * * D z was aS m I ^■^ W ', m Ncccflicic makcthvs feckc to God, Thcdiuairll.- ncfl'c ot re- ucngefiill dc- firc- The third 4ar ger. Their return atNcwha- uen. KouaFrancts\ was that one knew not the hourc ofthcclay,bccaufeitwas diike by rcafonof mifks, and by confequent *ihcy knew not if It did cbbc or flow. For if it had bccr.e floiid they hadcafily doubled it : butit chanced that it was turning water, and by tiiat iiieancs the ebbe did hinder it. So that approcliing thcfaid rockctliey fawnohopc tofauc ihemfclueSjand that ncccflarily they miifl: go (hike againft it. '1 licneucry one began to pray to God, to craue pardon one ofanother, and ( for their \A\ comfort) to bewailc one another. Heereiipon Captaineii6'j^^^«c>/fvvhofeShjpwas taken in New France, as we haucf aid before) drcwouta great knife, to kill therewith Captaine7>?wor/^/^, Gouer- norofthisprcfentvoyaf^c, faying to hiin, Docft thou not concent thy fclfe to haue vndcne me , but wilt thou needs yet caft me heere away ? bi.t he was held and kept from doing of that he was about to doe. And in very truth it was in him great folly, yea rather madncfie , to j»oe about to kill a man that was goingtodie, and he (th... went to giue the blow) in the lame pcrill. In the end as they went tx)(lrike vpon the lockc Mon^cnr DePoutrmcort , who had alreadiey eclded his fouJe and recommended his fami- ly to God, asked of him that was at the top ifrhere were a- nyhope'jwho told him there was none: Then lie bad fomc to hclpe him to change the failes, which two or th . ee one- ly did, and already was there no more water bnt totuinc the Ship, when the mercy and faucr ol God canK co helpc tlicm, & turned the li lip from the perils wherein they (aw themfelues. Some had put cfftheirdoubletsfor tofeeketo faue themfelues by climbing vpon the rocke , but the fearc was all the hai me they had for that time ; (auing that fomc few houres aftcr.bein'j; aniiicd nccre to a rocke called Lemda Laigle, the Eagles ncfl, tliey ihou^iju to goc bord it, tl5inking,inthedarkncfieohhcniil},ithadbcii)aShip, from whence being agninc eicaped they aniuedat New haucn, theplacefiom whcncethey fiifl fttout. Thefaid Monficur De FoHtrincourt hauing left his arixiouis and pro- ?.. . _ _ luiions 1fS;f! itifionsof warinthclleof ^y^/W Croix , intlic keeping of the faid CMonfieur De Monts , as a gngc and token ot the good will he had to rcturnc thither. But I may yet well fct dov\ ne hccre a mariicllciis dan- The foiuth gei', from which the fame vellell was prefcrued, a little af- pcrill. tcr the departing from Saint CroiXj and this by a bad acci- dent, which God turned to good. For a certaine tipling fellow, being by night ftcalingly come downc tothcbot- tomc of the Ihip, for to drinke his belly full, and to fill his bottle with wine, hcc found that there was but too much to drinke , and that the faid fliip was alrcadic halfc full of water : in kich fort, that the pcrill was imminent, and they had infinite paines to ftanch her by pomping. In the end being come about they found a great leake, by the keelc, which they fto}:pcd wuh all diligence. Chap. VI. The buildings of the lie Saint Croix : The Fremh-mens dif- commodities m the faid place : Vnkyiowen Sickiiejfes : of their canfes : of the people that befubit U to it : of diets, bad waters, aire, mndes, lakes, corruption "ofrvoods^feafons^ ^^ff^f^" tion of bo die Si ofyongHe, and old: the Authors ad' nice vpon thegoucrnment of health, and cure oft he faid di-feafes, DVring the forcfaid Nauigarion, Olfon/tefir De 1^^ ha\\d'm^ A/o»r/ his people did worke about the Fortj which ^^^"c lie of heefeatcdntthe end of the Hand, oppofite to the * '^"*'* placcwhcrche had lodged his Canon. Which was wifely confidercd, to the end to command the riuer vp & down. Butthcrewasaninconueniencc, the faid Fort did lie to- wards the North, and withoutany llielter, butofthetrees thatwereonthellciliorc, which all about hee comman- ded to be kept. and not cue downe. And out of the fame Fort was the Switzcrs lodging, great and large^and other fhaaJllodgingSjrcpreftntuig (as it vvcie)a Suburbe. Some Uuy D 3 had I 30 m m ' "% j ''.t^ M m' had houfed themrducs on the firme land^neere the brookJ But within the Fort was Monfieur De Monts\\\s lodging, made with very faire &i artihciall Carpentrie worke, with the Banner of France vpon the fame. At another part was the {lore-houfejwherin confided the fafcty 6c life of eueric one, likewife made with faire Carpentry worke, and coue- red with reedes. Right oueragainil the faid Rore-houfe^ were the lodgings and houfcs of thcfc Gentlemen, Mort" fieur D*orfiille, Menjienr (^hamptein, Afon/tenr Champdore^ and other men of reckoning. Oppofite to CHonfieHr D^ Monts his faid lodging, there was a gallcrie coiiered for to cxercife themfelues, either in play, or for the workmen in cimeofraine. Andbetweenethe faid Foit and the Plac- formc, where lay the Canon, all wasfullofgardciiSjwher- unto eueric one exercifcd himfelfe willingly. All Autiimnc quarter was pafled on thefe works, and it was well for them to haue lodged themfelues , and to manure the ground of the Hand, before Winter ; whilcllihat in thefc parts pamphlets were fet out vnder the name of Mature GHillattme, ftuffed with all forts of newes : By the which, amongft other things, t\^s Prognofticator did fay , that Monfienr De Monts cii^L pull out thornes in Canada: and all well confidered, it may well be termed the pulling out of thornes, to take in hand fuch enterprifes, full of toiles and continuall perils, with cares , vexations, and difcom- moditics. Butvcrtueand courage thatouercomrncth all chefe things, makes thofc thornes to be butGiliiflowers and Rofes, to them that refolue themfelues in thefe heroi- call aftions , to make themfelues praife-worthy and fa- mous in the mcmorie of mcn,defpifing the vainc pleafures ofdelicate and effeminated men, good for nothing but to coffer themfelues in a chamber . The mod vrgentthings being done, and hoaric fnowic father being come, that is to fay, Winter, then they were wmtcang at forced to keepe within doores,' and to Hue euery one at his ownc home : during which time, our men had'thrcc fpc- ciaU Threedifci- modifies in V8 ciall difcommodicies in this Hand, vMieet, wianf oFwood^ (for that which was in the faid lie, was fpent in buildings) lacke of frefh water, and the continuall watch , made by night,, fearing feme furprifc from the Saiiages, that had lodged themlcluc sat the foot of the faid Hand, or fome other enemie. For the malcdi^ion and rage of many WickeJneflV Chriftians is fuch, that onemuft take heed of them much chnlUans more than of Inftdels. A thing w hich grieueth me to fpeak:would to God I were a liar in this refpe^,and that I had no caufe to fpeake it ! When they had need of water or wood , they were conftrained to crofle ouer the riuer, which is thrice as broad of cuery (ide, as the riuer of Seine, The i iusr of It was a thing painfull and tedious, in fuch fort that it was Roan« needful! to kccpc the boat a whole day , before one might get thofe neceiTaries. In the meane while the cold and fnowes came vpon them, and thclce fo ftrong , that the Sider was frozen in the vefTcls , and euery one his mea- fure was giucn him out by waight. As for wine it was di* Aributed but at certaine daies of theweeke. Many idle fliiggiOi companions dranke fnow-water , not willing to t-kc the paines to erode the riuer. Briefly, the vnknowcn Vnknowen (icknefTes like to thofe defcribcd vnto vs by lames ^ar^ Skknf Acs. .^ tier, in his relation , adailed vs. For remedies there was nonetobefoMnd In the meane while the pooreficke crea* tures did languifli, pining away by little and little, ^or want of fweet meats >as milke or fpoon-meat for to fudain their domacks , which could not receaue the hard meats , by reafonof let, proceeding from a rotten flcfli , which grew and ouer abounded within iheirmouths: And when one thought to root it out jt did grow againe in one nights fpace more abundantly than before. As for the tree cal- led Annedda, mentioned by the faid J^artier , the Saua- gcs of tliefe lands know it not. So that it was mod piti- fiill to behold coery one, very few excepted , in this niife- j rie,andchen ifcrablcfickefolkestodie, as it were full of life , without any polfibiliticco be fuccourcd. T here died ,' of 1'; Jt l| M 3* lyH The number 'll ' of the deai iw and Hckc. 'il Dangerous llm monechs. Vf ly ^ I ttippocrates. Northerly people fub- icfttothc I.mJdifcafe ofNcw Prance. f(fui FramUl of this (icknefTc 5 6, and g 6 or 40 more, that were nriclccii with it , rccoucrcdthemfelues by the helpe of the Spring, aflooncas the comfortable fcafon appcarcd.Butthc dead- ly feafon for that fickneflc is in the end of lanuarie, the moneths of February and March, wherein mofl: common- ly the ficke doe die,€uery one at his turne, according to the time they haue begun tobefickc: infuch fort, thathec which began to bee ill in Februarie and March , may efcape, butheethatfliallouer-haQehimfelfe, and betake him to his bed m December and lanuarie, hee is in dan- ger to die in Februarie, March, or the beginning of April!, which time being palTed , he is in good hope , and as it wereafTuredof hisfafetic. Notwithftanding fome haue felt fome touch thereof, hauing bcene (harply handled with it. A^onfeur Demonts beingreturncd into Francc,did con- fult with our Dodlors of Phyficke vpon the fickneflc, which(in my opinion ) they found vtry new 6c vnknown, for 1 doe not fee, that when we went away , our Pothecaric was charged with any order for the cure thereof: and not- wirhlf anding it feemeth that Hippocrates hath had knovv- led^eofit, oratleaftoffomethatwas vervlikeroit. For intheBooke Deintemis affeSi, he fpeaketh ofaccrtainc maladie , where the belly , and afterward the fpleene doc fwell and harden it felfe ,and feele grieuous and fharpe gripes; the skinne becommeth blacke and pale, drawing towards the colpur of a greenePomgranet : the earesand gums doe render and yeeld a bad fent, the faidgums dif- joining thcmfelues from the teeth : the legs full ofbliftcrs ; thelimbes areweakned,&c. Bur fpecially the Northerly people, are more [ubie£^ to it than other more Southerly nartons. Witnefle the Hol- landers, Frizelandmcn, and other thereabout , ampngfl; whom the faid Hollanders doe write in their nauiwtions, that going CO the Eaft Indies, many of them were taken with the fame difcafe , being vpon the coaft of Guinie : a dangerous N4UJI Fr4ticia. dangerous coafl , bearing a peftiferous aire a hundred leagucsfarremchefea. Aiidrhefanie ( I meane the Hol- landers) being, in the ycere 1606, gone vponthe coaft of Spaine , to kecpc the fame coaft , and to annoy the Spaniih Nauie, were conftrained to with draw them- felues, by rtafon of this difeafe, hauing caft into the fea two and twentieot their dead. And if one will hearc the Wim^SQ oi OUhs magnm , writing of the Norther- ly [Nations , of which part himfelfe was , let him hear- ken to his report, which js i\\\s:Theret6 (faith he )^^^ an ether martiall Jickneffe (that is , a ficknelTe that afiliftcth them which follow the warres) rphkhtormentethand affli^ Beth them that are hefieged^, jHch whofe Itmhes thtckned by A certaine flejhy heanme^e, and by a corrupted bloudy which is betweene the jie(h and the skinne, dilating it felfelike wax : theyjin^ - rvith the leafi imprejjton made on them with the /z». ger ; a^^ ^aineth the teeth as ready to fall out : changeth the white c. .^ar of the skinne into blew: and caufeth a ksnummingy withadijlafteto takePhyjicket and that difeafe is called in the vulgar tongue of thecountrey S or but, in Greeks K^^&^t feraduentmre becaufe of this putrifyingfoftneffe, which ts vn- der the skinne 3 which feemethtoproceede of indigefling and fait meats 3 and to be continued by the cold exhalation of the walles, Butttjhallnot haue fo much force where the houfes are inward wainfcot ted with boards. If it continue longer, it muft be driuen out by taking euery day wormwood , as one eX" pellethouttherooteoftheflone, by adecoSlion offtaleBeere drunke with butter. The fame Author doth yet fay in an other place, aching much to be noted: In the beginning (faith he) they fitHaine the fiege with force, but in the end, the Souldier being by continuance weakned,tkey take away the promjionsfrom the invaders, b^ artificia/l meanes , fubttlties and antbafhrnents^ fpecialy thejhefpe, which they carry away, and make them to grafe in graffie places of their houfes , for feare that thrrmgh \want offreflj meats they fall into the loth^ femejljick^cjfe of alljtck»c^jfes, called in the country language, t .,* £ Sorhut^ V Otam magntu^ Euill (Ii{po(r<- tion of the bodycor- rupteththe meates. A medicine for the (lone. Tris in the^. bookcjca. j8i. This is to be noted. » I '('1 f 3' SorbutjOr The opening of?. dead bo- diC, Caufcsof the raiddircalc. In the begin- ning of the hook De mre ^ Aqttti, ^ he. Whitfoodc caufcth t))c }{)nddiicaie. Noun Francia* Scrhut , that isto fay ,awoMndedflomacke , dried hjcrHell torments, and iongahgiitjhes : for the cold and indigcsiing meats, grcedilj taken , Jcemeto be the trnecaufe of thi^fickz ncpjC. I liaue delighted my felfc to recite hecrc the very words of this Author, bccauie he fpcakcth thereof as being skil- ful!, and fctceth tborth fufficiently enough the land dilcafc of New France , fauing that he maketfi no mention of the {fiffcningofthc hammes,norofafiipcifluous flcfti which groweth and aboundcth within the mouth, and thatifonc thinke to take it away, it increafeth ftillj but well fpeaketh heof chebadftoniiicke. For CMonfienr '^De PoHtrwcourt^ made a Negroe to be opened, that died of that ficknefTe in our voyage , who was found to haue the inward parts ve- ry found , except the ftoraacke , that had wrinckles , as though they were vlcered. And as for the caufe proceeding from fait meats^it is vc- rietruc, thcrearemany other caufes concurring , which feed and entertaine this fickncile: Amoniift which 1 will place in generall the bad food , comprehending with it thcdrinksjthen the vice of the aire of the comitrey,and af- ter theeuili djfpofirion of thebodie: leauing the Physi- cians to lift it out more curioully. Whereunto Hippocrates faith, thatthePhyficion ought affocarefi'lly to take heed, in confiderina; the fcafons, the windes , the afpec^s of the Sunne,rhewaters,thelanditfelfe, the nature and fituation ofit, the nature of men, their mancr of lining and cxercife. As for the food, thisficknelleis caufed by coid meats, withoutiuice, groiVe and corrupted. One muft then take heed of fait meats, fmokie, mullie, raw, and of an cuill fent, likcwife of dried filhes, as New-found land fiih, and (finking Raies : Briefly, from all melancholy meates, which are of hard digcffing , are cafily corrupted, and breed a grolTc and melancholic bloud. I would not (lor ail that) befofcrupulous asthePhyficians , which do put i\\ thenumber of grolTeand melancholic mcates, Becues- 35 flcfli,Bcarcs,wildc Bores and Hogges fle/h (they might as well addcvmo them Beucisflelii, which notwithftan- ding we haiie found very good) as they do amongft fillies the T ons,Dolphins,& all thofe that carie lard : among the birds, the Hemes, Ducke$,andall ocher water birds : for in being anouer curious obferuator of thefe things, one might fall into the danger of ftaruing , and to die tor hun- ger. They place yet among the meats that are to bcfhun- nedjbisket, beanes and pulfe, the often vfing ofmilkc, cheefe : the grolle and harfti wine, and that which is too fmail, white wine, and the vfe of vmeger : Beere which is not well fodden, norwellfcummed, and that hath not hoppcs enow. Alfo waters that runne thorow rotten Badvratc wood, and chofe of lakes and bogges, ftill and corrupted waters, fuch as is much in Holland andFrizeland, where isobfcrued that they of Amfterdam are more fubiedl to paulfies and (hfning offinewes, than theyof Roterdam, iortheabouefaid caufeof ftilland fleepie waters : which befides doe ingender dropfies,dy fenteries, fluxes,quarten agues, and burning feuers, fwellings, vlcers of the lights, rhortnefTeof breath , ruptures in children, fwclhngm the veines, fores in the legges : finally, they wholly belong to the difeafe whereof we fpeake, being drawen by the fpleene, where they Icaue all their corruption. Sometimes this ficknelTe doth alfo come by a vice, which is euen in waters of running fountaines , as if they be among, or neere bogges, or if they iffue from a muddie ground, or from a place that hatli not the Sunsa- fped.So Pliny reciteth that in the voiagc which the prince vUnM. i j CW>^/>^rr^«w«fca, itgaihereth a great moillncs , which makcth it ftormy and putrifying in Pranence and Languedoc, The oppofite to it is the Nor- thern winde, otherwife called Boreas , B^icy Tramontane, which IS colde and di ie , chafeth the cloudes and fweepeth the airic region. It is taken for the holfommcfV next to the Bail winde. But thefe qualities of the wmde , found and noted in thefe parts, make not one generall rule thorow ouer all the earth. For the North>winde beyond the £qui- liodiall line is not colde as in thefeparts, nor the South- winde hot , bccaufe that by a long croflTmg, they borrow the qualipies of the regions thorow which they palle : be- fidesthat the South-windeathisfirdiHiie is cooling, ac- cording to the report of thofc that haue trauelled in Afri- ca. In like maner there be regions in Terou ( as in fJm^t and the plaincs) where the North-windeis vnholfomc and noyfome. And thorow all that coaft . which li abouc 500. leagues in length, they take the South-winde for a found;anid frefli cooling windc , and which more is , moft mildcandplealanc : yea alfo that it doth neuerrainebyic (according ro that which lofeph Acofla wriceth of ii:)cleane contrary to chat we fee in this our part of £//?-(?;?£>, And in SpainetheEaft-winde, which we hauefaidto be found, nk^cap,^, the fame .-^r^/^^faithjthatic isnoifomeand vnfound. The winde called CirciMs, wliu h is the Noi th weft , is fo flor- mieandboiftrousinthe Wcflerly lljores o^Norwe^e, that if there be any which vndcrrakeihany voyage that way, ^ . , E 3 when The windcs hiuc not one and the 1 Ife fame qiialitie ia all placet. 'I-. " '111 S'iL-, •VI ■ 38 Sickc folkcs andbcafU docftele the windc and weather a. comming. Seafons. Ab//^ TrancU. - when thatwinde bloweih, hemud tnake account to be loll and cafl away : And this windc is (ocoldc in that regi- on, chatitfuffercth not any tree, fmallor great to grow there: So that for want of wood they mud (crue thelehics with the bones of great filhes , to feeth or rod their meats, which difcommodky is not in thcfc parts. In like fort wc hauehad experience in New France that the North- winds are not for health ; And the North-eaft (which are the colde, ftrong, fliarpeand floriny Aqmlom) yetworfe: which our ficke folkes,and they that had wintred there the former yeare, did greatly fearc, becaiife that likely , fome of them drooped away, when that windc blew, for indeed they had fome fenfible feeling of this winde : As wc fee thofe that bee fubierM r;i '^i- l\M ''i i; pr::M, t' I 40 Sagamos is t Sauigc word which Signi- fiechaLord, a ruler, or a Cajpcaine. The author his cxerciCz in New l^rance. The labour of the minde. groffc humors, and hauc the mairc of their bodicporyil Item they that be fubieft to the oppilations of the fpleenc, and they that vfe not a ftuiring lite, but fitting and without frequent motion, arc more apt and fiibicd to thefe (icknef- fes. ThereforeaPhylitian might fay thataftudcnt is not fit for that Countrie,that is to lay ,hc fha'l not Jiue there in health: nor thofe which ouertoile in labors, nor melan- choly people, men which haucdrowfic dreaming fpirits , nor thofe that be often vifited with agues , and fuch other fort of people. Which I might eafily belceue,becau{e that thcfe things doe heape much melancholy , cold and fu« perfluous humors. Notwithilanding 1 haue tried the contrarie, both by my felfe and by others, agaii ft the opi- nion of fomc ofours,yea o^Sagames Membertou himfelfc^ which plaicth the Soothfaier among the Sauages , who (arriuing in that countrie ) faid that I ihould neuer returne into France, noiMonJieHr Bonllet (fometimes captaine of MonJieHr De Potttrincatirt his rcgiment)who for themoil part of the time hath had agues there(but he did fare wel.) And they themfelues did aduife our labourers to take but fmall labour in their worke (which counfell they could very well obferue). For I mayfay (andthattrucly) that I neuerraadefo much bodily woirke, fbrthepleafure that I did takein drefling and tilling my gard ens ) to inclofeand hedge them , againft the gluttony of the hogges, to mak« knots, to draw out allies , to build arbours, to fowe wheat, rie, barly, oates, beanes,peafe, garden heaibs, and to wa- ter themj fomuch dcfire had I to know the goodfleflcof the ground by my owne experience. So that Summers daies were vnto me too fliort , and very often did I worke by Moone light. Concerning the labour of the minde, I tookea reafonable part of it 5 for at night , euery one be- ing retired, among the pratings, noifes , and hurliburlies, I was lliut vpin my ftudie,readingor writing of fome thing. Yea I will not be alhamed to fpeake , that Ijieingrequcfted by Monfieur De PomrincoHrt, our Commander, to beftow fome ,v'fV pints , 1 other (e that nd fu- cd the heopi« mfcifc, ) who ecurne ainc of i^inoft cwcl.) ike buc ' could I that I : chat I dCc and 3 make wheat, towa- leflc of nimcrs vvorkc inde, I 3ne bc- irlies,! r thing, [ucfted bellow foine 7(gU4 FfMtlcU. 41 fonichoure$ofniyinduftric,ingiiung Cnrlftian inftni- Thcpietic of ftionstoourfmall company, for not to liue like bcafts, 'jjf^ 'JV'^^^®' and for to giue to the Sauages an example of our maner of °"^" hfe, I haue done it, according to the neceiTitie, and being thereof requeued, euery Sunday, and fomctimes extraor- dinarilie, almofl during all the time we haue bcene there ; And well was it for me that I had brought my Bible , and feme bookes vna wares : for other wife it had beenc very difficult for me, and had beenecaufe toexcufeme of that worke. It hath not beene without fruit , many witneffing I vnto me that they had neuer heard fo much good talke of God, not knowing before,any principle of that which be* longeth to Chriftian doftrinc : And fuch is the (fate wher- in hue the mo(l part of Chriftendome. And if there were any edifying of one part , there was backbiting on the other J byrcafon,thatvfingaFrench liberty, I willingly fpake the truth. Whereupon I remember the faying of the Prophet yf;»(7/ , They hane hated (Caithhc) him that repro" Amos.^. ued them in the gate , and haue had in abomination him that vcrfc. lo, jpake in integrity, But in the end we became all good friends^ And amongflthefe things God gaue me alwaies a found andaperfe^t health, alwaies a good tafte, alwaies mery and nimble, fauing thathauing oncelaien in the woods, ncere to a brooke in fnowey weather , I was touched with' aCrampeori'^Mr/i(;^^ in my thigh a fortnights fpace, not loofingmy appetite norftomacke for the fame jfbr indeed Itooke delight in that which I did, defiringto confine there my Jife, if it would plcafe God to bleflc the voy- ages. I rhould be ouer tedious, if I would fet downe hecrc the OfChildren, difpofition of all pcrfons , andtofpeake concerning chil- dren that they are more fubieftto this ficknefle theno- thers, for that they haue very often vlcers in the mourh and gummes, becaufc of the thin fubftancethat abound in their bodies : and alfo that they gather many crude hu- mours by their difordcr of lining , and by the quantity of F fruits if. "ti w ! ■ II .m 'n ofNcw fau'ts tlicy eatc , being ncuer filled with k , by which HI cans they gather great quantity of watcrifli blond , and the fpleenc being Hopped cannot (bake vp thofc moifturs. Of aged And as for old folkcs that hauc their heat weakened, and folkes, cannot refirt thefickncs, being "filled with crudities, and with a cold andmoill temperature, which is thequalitic ]>roper to (line vp and nourifli it ; I will not take the Phy- fitians office in iiand, icaringthe cenfuringrod : andnot- withftanding (with their leauc)not touching with their or- ders and rcceits of Agaric, aloes, ruhnrbe, and other ingrc- diens, I will write heere that which I thinke more ready at hand for the poore people, which haue not the abilitic and meanes to fend to Alexandria, as well for the preferuation oftheirhealth,asfortheremediCofihisficknc{lc. Aduicc for It IS a cerraine axiome chat a contrary muft be healed by the fickntUes his contraric. This (icknelle proceeding from anindige- If ion of rude, grofl'e, cold and melancholic meates, which offend the ftomacke, 1 thinke it good (fubniittingmy (elfc to better hidgement ai^d aduice ) to accompany them with good fawces, be it of butter, oyle, or fat, all well fpi- ced, tocorre^as well the quality of thcnieate , as of the bodic inwardly waxen colde. Lctthis be faid for rude and groflemeaces>asbcane8,peafe,andfi(h : for he thatfhall cat good capons, good partridges , good duckes and good rabctSjhemaybeafTuredof his health , or elfc his body is of a very ba^ confbcution. Wc haue had fome iickc that hauc (as it were) railed vp from death to life: forhauing eaten twice or tnriceof acoolice madcof acocke, good winetaken accordingto the neccfllty of nature, isafoue- raignc prcferuatiue for all (icknefles , and particularily for this. Mafter Adaccjmn andMafter (jeorges, worfhipfuU Marchants of Rochel, as aflbciates to Monjicur De Monts, didfurnilh vs with 45. t««nes of wine , which did vs very much good* And our (ickc folkcs themfelues, hauing their wouchesfpoiledjandnot being ab'e to eat,hauc neucrloft the taft of wine, which they tookc with a pipe. The fame hath Good Wine, '™ m vvhich id , and oifturs. d, and cs, nnd ^ualitie lePhy- iid not- hciror- r jngrc- cady at iticand ruacion aled by indigc- uhich ny felfc Y them /ell fpi" s of the ideand tatdiall dgood body is kc that hailing r, good a foue- I ily for hipfull Monts, n very ig their lerloft le fame hath 43 T^gua Francia. hath prcfcrucd'many of them from death. Thcyong buds of hearbs in the Spring time be alfo very foueraigne. And befldes that rcafon requirechtobeleeueit, I haue cried it, Hearbs in the being my felfe gone many times co gather fomcfor our fp^ngt mf. (Icke people, before that thofe of our garden might be v- My which redored them to theucalleagaine, and com- forted their weake ftomacks. And as for that which concerneth the exterior parts of the body, we ha. found great good in wearing woodden panraphlcs, orpacins with ourflioocs, fortoavoide the moiftnefle. The houfcs necde no opening, nor windowcs on the Northwe(t fide,being a windc very dangerous: buc rather on the Eaft fide,or the South. It is very good to hauc good bcddinff (6c it was good for me to haue caried things neccfl'ary to tliis purpofc) and aboue all to keepe himfelfe neat. I would like well the vfe of Stooues, fuch as they Stoouci. haue in Germany, by meanes whereof they feele no Win- ter, being at home, butasmuchastheyplcafe. Yea they Stooues in hauc ofthem, in many places, in their gardens, which doc gaidem, (b temper the coldnefle of winter , that in this rough and (harpefeafon , r^ere one may fee Orcnge-trees , Limon- trecs, Figge-trees , Pomgranet- trees, and all fuch forts of trees, bring foorth fruit as good as in Prouence. Which is fo much the more eafietodoein this new land, for that it is all coucred ouer with woods , (except when one comes in the ArmoHchiejuois countrie^a hundred leagues further of then Port Royall ) And in making of winter a fommcr one Jth/Ar"'"* ^all difcouer the land : Which nothauingany move thofe mouchiquois great obftacles , that hinder the Sunne to court her, and loo. Icaguci from warming it with his heat, without doubt it will be- diilam from come very temperate, andyeeldamoflmildeaire : and *^<5rtRoyalU well agreeing with our humour, not hauing there, euenat this time, neither colde nor hea^at is exceffiue. The Sauages that know not Germany, nor the cudomes thereof, doe reach vs the fame leflbn, which being fubieft to thofe fickne(res(as wc hauc fcene in the voiage of lames 44 The Sweat- ings of the Sauagcs* Ecclcfi, 5. vcrfe. II. and II, Mcancs of tnirth. Neccflitic of hauiijg WO-' - men into the country. Tfeeoflifc. Saiafras. ^artier) yjh fwcatings often, as it were cucry monetb,' and by this meancs they prcfenicthemfclues, driuingout by fweate all the colde and euell humors they mieht hauc fathered. But one iingular preferuatiue againfl; tnis perfifi ious fickneflc, which corameth fo fteahngly, and which hauing once lodged it fclfe within vs , will not be put out, is to follow the counfell of him that is wife amongft the wife, who hauing confidered all theafHi£lions that man giue to himfelfe during his life, hath found nothing better then to reioicc html elf e^ant ' . ■ jegoodyarjdto takefledfure in hii orvfje workes. They that iiaue done fo , in our company, h*iue found themfelues well by it : contrawife fome al- waies grudging, repining, neucr content, idle, hauebeene found out by the fame djfeafc. True it is, that for to inioy mirth it is good to haue the fwectnefle of frefh meatcs, fle(hes,fiflies, milke,butter, oyles, fruits, andfuchlikc, which we had not at will (I meane the common fort : for alwaies fome one, or other of the company did furnifh LMonJleurDe Toutrmcourt his table with wilde foule, vc- liifon or frefliii(h ) And if we had had halfe adofen kync, Ibeleeue that no body had died there^ Itreftcth a preferuatiue, neccffarie for the accomplifh- mcntofmiith.and to the end one may take pleafure on the worke of his hands , is euery one to haue the honcft com- pany of his lawfuU wife :,forwithout that, the chearcis neuer perfeft •, ones minde is alwaies vpon that which one loues anddefireth ; there is ftill fome forrow, thcbodic becomes full of ill humours , and fo the {ickcncfle doth breede* And for the laft and foueraignc rcmedie.I fend backc the patient to the tree of life (for fooqemay well qualifie it) which /amfs^^^arner doth call ^«Mtf^<«,yctvnknowen in thecoaftofPortRoyall, vnleflcitbee, peraduenture the Safafias, whereof there is quantitie in certaine places. And it isanaCTured thing, that the faidtrecis very excellent. £uc LP^IonJicnr Ch/tmpUw, who is now in the great ri- ; \ ucr '$ 1; fough bout raanv 4 ich ur, he lan cer his Kotu FrancUl ucf of ^^»^^»pafling his winter, in the fame part where the faid ^Artier did winter , hath charge to nnde ic out| and to make prouiGon thereof. Chap. VII. The difcoHcry of new Lands by Monficur De Monts : fabu^ loHs tales and reports of the ritier andfainedtowne of Norom-- beqa: Therefutingof the authors that haue'writt en thereof : Filhbankes in Newfonnd land : Kimbeki : Chonacoet : tMallebarre : Armouchiquois : The death of a French man killed : AYorlality of Englijhmen in Virginiai. • K|-HHe rough feafon being pafled , Monfteur T>e Monts I wearied with his badde dwelling at Saint^mAr,de- •*' termined to fecke out another Port in a warmer countrie ,and more to the South : And to that end made a PinneCTe to be armed andfurnifhed with vi^uals,to fol- low the coaft, and difcouering new countries, to fecke out (ome happier Port in a more temperate aire. And becaufe thatinfeeking,one cannot fet forward fo much as when in full failcs one gocth in open fea, and that finding out baies and gulfes, lying bctweene two lands, one muft put in,be- caufe that there one may adoone finde that which is fought for, as elfe where, he made in this voyage buta- bout {\^ fcore leagues , as wee will tell you now. From Saint Croix to 60. leagues forward , the coaft lieth Eaft and Weft:at the end ofwhich^o. leagues, is the riuer cal- led by the Sauages Kinibeki* From which place to Male- barre it lieth North and South , and there is yer from one totheother 60, leagues, in right line, nor following the baies. Sofarre ftretcheth CJ^. J. Fabulous talcs of the riuer Norombc 8^. Temtegott. Mt$a Tranck. ^, Hands, but the people there is not fo frequent as is be- /, yond that : And there is no remarkable thing (at leaft that • may be fecne in the outfide of the lands)but a riuer,where- of many haue written fables one after another, like to thofc that they (who grounding themfeluesvpon Hamos his Commentaries, a Carthaginian captain) haue fained of Townes built by him in great number vpon the coafts of Africa, which is watered with the Ocean fea, for that hec plaied an hcroycall part in failing fo farre as the lies of Ca^ Vert, where long time (ince no body hath beene, the Nauigation not being fo fecurethen, vpon that great fea, as it is at this day by the benefit of the Compafle. Therefore without alleagingthat, which the firfl wri- ters ( Spaniards and Portingals)hauefaid,I will recite that which is in the lafl booke, intituled,?'/;^ vmuerfiill HiHo» - rie of the fVeB 7»^/«;^fthi$ s, not places thofc iners to tic de- I laricto • |e truth f New- out the ucitis, fix, or ►f New ^orom- iy,that i Weft Bretoriy inft the North - :ruc ri- rftand- id lolm ith chat this '% •f I thisriueri whereof wee fpcake, hath at thccomming in many Hands, banks and rocks. The riuer of iV^^ro^i^d'^^ being paiTed, LMonJteur De Aionts went ftill coafting, vntili hee came to KMekf, where a riuer is, that may fhorten the way togoe to the great riuer of C<^»4^««. There is anumberof Sauagcs Ca- baned there , and the land beginneth there to be better peopled. From Kimbeki going farther , one findeth the baie o£J/MonfieurDc voyage made Monts into France : the difficultie of hand Milles : Thefurni- ^^ ^H*'^ tnre of the faid CMonfteur Dh Pont for the difcouery of new q^^^^ " lands beyond Maleharre : fiippe-wracke iforecaflfor the retnrne into Prance : Comparifonf>f thefe voyages wtth them of Florida : the blame ofthofe that dtjpraife the tillage ofthelande^ " The mot" taliijeof the Hnulidi in Vjrginia,likc that of the Frcnfli in New France. Virginia isin degrees ofia* titiidc. Praileofthc temper of Virginia. Bad fare the chiefe caufe oftheficknes. Things med« fuU. T He Spring time feafon being palTcd in the voyage of the ArmoHchtijHois, MonJieurDe Monts did tcm- porifc at Saint Croix for the time that he had agreed G z vpon r- ' ' I i *■ ■■. ThearriiKill of MonfifHT Vft Vttnt. \6oj. Tranfjnfgra- tioii ho'n S. Croix to Vort New buil- m vpon, in the which if he had no ncwcs from France j hec iiii{];ht depart and come to feekefomc fhippe of them that come to New found land for the drying of fifh, to the end to repaOc in France within the fame, he and his companie, if It were polTiblc. This time was alrcadie expired , and they were readie to fct failcs, not expelling more any fuc- cour nor rcheftiing, When Monftenr Dn Po^t, fuinamed CrWjdwelhug at Hoftfleur, did arriue with a company of fomefortiemen, fortoeafethcfaid LMonJienrDe Monts and his troupe, which was to the great ioy of all, as one niay well imagine : and canon (liots were free and plentiful at the comming, according to cuftome, and the found of trumpets. The laid Monfieur Dh Pont , not knowing, yet the ftate of our French men , did thinke to findc there an aiTured dwclling,and his lodgings readie : but confidering the accidents of the ftrangc (ickneffe whereof we hauc fpoken, hetooke aduice to change place. Monfieur De Monts was very defirous that the new habitation had becncabout^o. degrees, that is to fay, 4. degrees farther then Saint Croix : but hauing viewed the coaft as farre as Mdebarre, and with muchpainc, not finding what hec dcfired, it was deliberated to goe and make their dwel- ling in Port %2y^^y vntill meanes were liad to make an am- pler difcouery .So cuery one began to packe vp hi $ things : That which was built with infinite labour was pulled downe, except the Store-houfe,which was too great and painefullto berranfported, and in executing ofthis,many voyages are made. All being come to Port Royal they found out new labours : the abiding place ischofen right oiieragainll the Hand , that is at the comming in of the ri- uer L' Eqmlle, in a place where all is couered ouer and full ofwoods, as thicke as poflible may be. The Moneth of KScpteniber did already begin to come, and care was to be taken for the vnlading of J/e PoMtrirtCourt, together Vfitu the Ait^ thi/r, into ATrw France : their depot tnri from I'arU togoeintoRochci. ABoti c tJi c time of the before mentioned (hipwracke« OMonfteur DeAUnts being in France, did thinke c^ircfiilty vponche mcancs how to prepare a new fiippljc for nf vv France. Which fccmed hard and djfficiilc to him,as well for the great charges that that aflion requi- red, a^ bccitifc ilut Prouince had beene fo difcredited ac Ins rctiirnc, chat :hc con: inning of thcfe voyages any lon- ger did iccmc viis'c and vniruitfiill. BeHdcs, there was ^:«it:- riQHti rrMncss* TF goc flirJuings , Acre was none to bee found; foraccxciifing thcmfclues vpon the troubles and difcommodities of the fea, and the length of the voyage , other deferring it till af- ter Eafter. Which was caufc that none could be had out of Paris, by reafon the feafon hafted on ^ time and tyde tarry for no man, fo then wc were forced to depart. There rcftedto findeout fit and neccflary workemen forthe voyage of New France, whereunto was fpeedilic prouided, price' agreed vpon for thctr w^ges, andmony giuen before hand in part thereofto beare their charges to Rochell, where the rendesvous was, at the dwelling hou- fcs of Mafter Macqmn , and Maftcr Georges ^ worfliipfull Marchants of thefaid Townejtheaflbciates of Monfieur De MontSy which did prouide our furniture and prouifion. Our meaner people being gone, three or fower dnics af. The parting terwctookeourwayto Orleans, vpon Good Friday, for from Pans, there to folcmnife and paffe our Eader , where euery one accompliflied the dutic vfuall to all good Chriftians, in ta- king thefpiritual food,thatis tofay,theholy Communion, feeing we did vndertake, and were going on a voyage. From thence wc camedowne theriuerXt^^r^toSaumur, with our cariage : andfrom SawmurwewentbyTouart and Maran to Rochell,by hackney horfcs. C H A p. X. The name of our Ship cafiedt he lon^is : Thefhaltow 1»4terat 'R^chellis the caufe of the hard going out : Roc he// a reformed Towne: the common feople is injelent : Croquans : the accident of Jhip'Wrackeof the lor as : new preparation : tveak^ fouldiers are not to be placed vpon the frontiers: TheAfinifiers of Rochelldoeprayfor thecon* Herfion of the Sauagesithe {malK,eale of ours: the Eucharifl carted in voiages by the ancu €nt Chriflian: t he diligence o/Monficur Dc Poutrincourc at the very point of Shipping, Hs Being . \ it ^!.: . to 2V0MFf4md, ''i ' I' i » f B Thepriifcs oi'RochdU Eing come to Rochell, ^Ntfo^^r\At\\txtMon|teMr'D$ Alonis . and Aionfenr J)e Po^tn/icoart , (bat vvcr^ come til Foil, and our fnip called tlic lov^i , cf the burrhcnof I ^o.co^lnos, rcadic topallcontot rliccl)ain« ciihc'l ow!JC,totaiy for windcandt\ de. 1 hctvdcl iav becauic thata .^reat Hup laden, caTinorcoinc to (ca nom Rochcll,butji.lpringtydcs,vpon:iicr.cv\andiullnioonr, by rcafoii tiiat jn the tovviic roade there is no luflicitni depth. In the incanc v\hilc wcnjadeoood chcarc , yea fo good, that we did long to beat fcaio make diet: which we did but too foone,bcing once come thitlier : for during C\vo whole moncthes we faw not a whic of land, as wc will farther tell anone. But the workcroen> thorow their good cheare (for they had cuery onetwoftiillinp^sadaiesnirc) didplay marucllous pranckesin SaintNicholas quaiter^ where they were lodged, which was found Grange in a towne fo reformed as Rochell is,in the which no notorious riots nor diflblutions be madejand indeed one muft bchaue hiinfelfe orderl)'^ there, vnleflc he will incurre the danger cither of the cenfureof thcMaior , or of the Ndiniflersof the Towne. Some of thofe difordcred men were put in prifon, which were keptintheTowne-houfe till the time of going, and had beenc further punifhcd,haditnot beene vponconfiderationofthe voyage, where they knew rhey' fhould not haue all their eafes, butfliould afterwards pay decre enough their madde bargen, in putting the faid Ma- dcrMac^uw and Maflet Georges to fomuch trouble , to kcepe them iaord'er. I will not, for all that, put in the num- ber ofthis difordred people ,al the rcft,for t here were fome (ro^iMBs (Sig- V^*T eiuilland refpe/^iuc. But I will fay that the common nifying people is 3 dangerous beaft.And thismaketh me remember hool:es)why the CroqHans war , amongft w horn I was once in my life, /b called. ijg-j^g jj^ ^ijrci. It was tlie ftrangefl thing in the world to fee the confufion of thofe woodden lliooed fcllowes, from whence thcytooke thcnameof CV^^z/^w (that is to fay Hookers) vvcr« lonr. \ will //b9i(^^Jrjbccau^ctT)acthcir woociden(!hooei9 nayledbe- foreaadbehinde, didhookeorflicke fadatcucryftcppe. This confufcd people had neither rime nor reafon among them-, eucry one was Maftcrtherc; fomcarmcd with an hcdge-hooke at a (lafes cnd^otLcis with fomc rudy fwordi and fo accordingly. Our lonas hauing her full loade, was in the end rowed Neotigenct out of the Towne into the roadc,and we thought to fct out |n^«h« l« charge for the conducing ofthc voyage. But as common- *'**'* luonly there i$ negligence ill mens buiincff^s , it hapncd that this Captaine (who notwichllanding 1 haue knowea very diligent and watchtuli at Tea ) hauing left the ihip ill tnannedj not being in her himfelfe^ nor the Pilot, but only 6. or 7. mariners good and bad , a grcatSouth-ead winde arofe in the night , which brake the loftas cable , faflend with one onely ancker, and driueth her againd a fore wall which isout of the towne, backing and proping the Tow- er of the chaine , againd which ineftrake fomany times, thatihe brake and funke downe % and it chanced well that it was then ebbing, for ifthismiOiap had come in flowing time , theiliip was ia danger to be ouerwhelmed with a farre greater lolTc then we had ^ but Qie ftood vp , and fo there was -ans to mend her, which wasdone wichTpeed. Our workcmen were warned tacome and heipcin this ne- Hyred work^ ceffity, eithertadrawatthepompe, attheCapcftane, or mennegli. to any other things but few there were chat endeuourcd S*"** thcmfelues to doe anyr thing, the mod part of rhem going awav, and mofl: of rhem made a mocke of it. Some hauins^ gone fo fai as to theoare,went backe complaining that one had cad water vponthem, being of that fide that chewa- tcrcanie outot tnepompe, which the windc did fcatter vponthem. I came thither with 'Jl^onfieHrDcToHtrin' court , andfome other willing men , where wee werenot vnprofitable. . Almod ali the nihabirants of Rochell were beholding this fpeftaclc vpon the rampiers. The fea was H 3 yet m. i' ' t W '■>: t^ 'i \P vMr ,"? I The courage f Monjieur j^Ilorroyj^vCx tliougtit our rhip would haueJaflicd * oftentimes againft the great Towers of the tdwnc. In th« end, we came in with Icuc loflc then wee thought of. The /hip was all vnladen, being forced totacklcahd furni/h her anew. The lode thereby was great , and the voyages al- moft broken ofFfor eucr : for 1 belecuc, that after fo many » 1 ■■■ ,\ ' trials, none would hauc ventured to goc plant Colonies in thofe parts ; that Country being fo ill fpoken of, that cuc- ry one did pittie vs,con{idcring the accidents happened to them that had bcenc there before. Notwithftandmg Moif jieurDc LMonts and his aflociatcs, did beare manfully this i>e Monts and lofl'e. And I muft needs be fo bold as to tel in this occurrScc his affocutej. fj^jtif^u^r that country be inhabited with Chriftiansand ciuill people, the firft praifc thereofmuft ©fright be due to the Authors of this voyage. This great trouble hindered vs abouc a moneth, which wasemploied inthe vnlading, and lading againeof our (hip. Duringthat time, we did vvalkc fomctimcs vnto the places ncere about the townc, and chiefly vnto the Con- vent of the CordelierSjW hich is but halfe a league offfrom the to wne : where being one Sunday ,1 did inaruell how in thofe places of frontier,there is no better ganifon, having fo ftrong enemies neere them. And feeing I take in hand to rclatean hiftory of things , according to the true mancr of them : I fay that it is a (HamefuU thing for vs, that the Mi- niftcrs of Rochell,pray to God euery day in their Congrc- The Minifters g^tions fok the conuerfion of the poore Sauage people,and floe pray for alfofor our fafc conducing , and that our Church-men the conuerfi- doc not the like . In very truth we neuer required neither the one nor the other to doe it , but thcrin is knowen the zealeofbothfides.In the cnd,a little before our departing, it came to my minde to askc of the Parfon or Vicar of Ro- chell if there might be found any of his fraternity that would come with vs, which I hoped might eafily be done, becaufe there was a reafonable good number of them : and befidcs, tliac being in a maritime towne , I thought they The fron. tiers ought to be furni- shed with £Ood Soul- cicrs. on of the Sa uagej, I^dUA Francia, ^^ rfieytookc delight to haunt thefcas : hut I could obtains tioching : >aiiid tbrallexcufes, ic was toide me^ char none would goe to fuch voyages , vnlclTe they were inooucd with an e>ccraordinary zealc and piccie ; And that it would bee the bcft way to feckc to the fathers Icfuites for the fame. Which wc could not then doc, our fhip hauing almoil: her full lading. Whereupon I remember to hauc lieard of centimes of (J^onjlenr De Poutrincofirt , that after his fifft voiagc , being at the Court , an Ecclefiafticall pcr- ioi^i efteenied very zealous in the Chriftian religion, de- manded of him what might be hoped for in the conuerfion of die people of New France, and whether there were any great number of them. Whcrcuntahe anfwered, thata hundred thoufand foules might be gotten to lefits Chrtftt (naming a number certaine for an vncertainc. ) This Cler- ^\Q man making fmall account of fuch a number, faid ther- u pon by admiration, />^^^^'? ! as ifthat number did lioc deferuc the labour of a Church-man. Truly though .ere were but the hundreth part of that, yea yet lelle, one mufl not fufFcrit to bee loft. The good Shcepheard hauing a- ^*^^^ i8. nionganhundrcdfliecpconcaftray,left thepp. fortogo v«f^-"'«5*^ and feckc out the one that was loft, Wc are taught &) I be* leeuc it fo'Jthat though there were but one man to be faucd, our Lord lejm Chrtji had not difdaincd to come , as well for him , as he hath done for all the world. In like maner^ one muft not make fofmal account ofthcfaluation of thcfc , , poore people, though they fwarmc not in number as with- . : ... in Paris or Conftantmoplc. - \ Seeing it auailcd me nothing in demanding for a Church- ^"^^o"?^ of rnan,to adminifter the Sacrament vnto vs, be it during our chriftunT nauigation, orvpon the land: The ancient cuftome of the caryingthc Chriftians came into myminde, which going in voyage Euchariftm did carry with them the holy bread of the EtichariB , and '^""^ voyages, this did they, bccaufe they found not, in all places, Priefts . -? to adminifter this Sacrament vnto them , the world being thcnyct full^eithc^of Heathcasor H.cretickc5. So that ic was. *' :; iff Mi ll «4 ht& hi'othcr. M* J. wasnotvnpropcrly called Fwa^c, MvlucIuTicy carried with ^ thcmtrauclljtjjoiuhcway : yctnotwuhftandingf amof opinion rhat ichatha/pii itnail meaning. And contidcrjrg tnacwcmio^htbc biouj^httoihatncccfllcy ,nothauingiii New France butJDnc PiicTl ondy , (of whofc death wcc heard when wc came tliiclicr)lclcroandcdif they would doc vnco vs , a$ to the ancient Chnilians , who were at ^ife as we. I was anrwcred chat the fame was done in tha( Cimcfor confiderations which arenotnow atchisdaie. I c' u ^ t-r* replied ihac iV/i^r/rw Saint Amlrofrs\}YOi\\cr, 5;oin«;on a imIus fi.ncrall voya^c vpon the fca, Iciiicd iiiniteite with cms ipuituaU oration for Phyiicke (as wc read in his Itrncrall oution made by \,\t faid brother Saint Ambrofe) which he did carry inOrarioj^ whichltakcrobealynncn ilorh, ortafTira : and well did ic happen vnro h-nj by it. For hauing made fliip-wvackc, !ic faucd himfelfc vpon a bord ♦ left of his velleh wracke« But I was as well refufed in this as of the rcR. \Vh5\h giuc mec caufc ofwondrin» : feemino-to ineavery ri2.croi5$ thing to be in worfc condidon then i]il««^'tf. (heker from windes) where tfjc hope of New France was ailcmblcd. I fay the hope, becaufe that of this voyage, did depend the continuance or totall breach of the cntcr- pnfc. Chap. XL Their departure from %oche/l: Sundry meetings ofjhi^s, and Pirats : Stormy Sea about the Azores yandivhence it proceeds : lyhy the Weii veindes are frequent in the Weft fea : Prom fffhencethe winds doe come : Porpefesdoe frognofitcati fiormesimeanes to takf them: the defcrihing of them : offtormes : thetr effeEis : of^a/mes : what is agufi 9J fVtnde : how it is made : the ejfeEls thereof: the boldneffe ofmariners : how reuerence U giuen to the Kings Jhip : thefupputation of the voyage : hot fea: then cold: thereafonofit:andofthebanckfS if Ice in New-found, Land* T f He Saturday jWhitfoneuc i g . of May, wc weired x j.ofMay, our anckers, and failed in open fea, 10 that by little *^®^*« and little wee loft the fight of the great towers and town of RochcllathcA of the lies oiRex, & QUron^ bidding 1 France ' u i'^ ';iri fc- l'' <| Meetings of flaps. Meeting cfr Pirate or ouc Uwcd. Ncptuncs iliccpe. Why is the fca lioimic aboiuthe Azores. France farewell. It was aching fcawfull for them that were not vfcd CO luch a dance, to (ec them caricd vpon fo moue- ablean cllemenr, and to beatcuery moment (ask were) Within two fingers bredth to death. We had not long fai- led, but that many did their endcuour to y eeld vp the tri- bute to Neptune, hi the meane while we went ft:ll forward, for there was no more going backe, the plancke being once taken vp. The i d. of May we met with 1 3 . Holandcrs,go- ing for Spaine , which did inquire of our voyage, and fo held their courfe. Since that time we were a whole moneth, feeing nothing elfe out of our flotingtowne, but5kieand , water, one fliip excepted, neere about the e^^or/, well fil- \ led with Englilli and Dutchmen. They bare vp with vs, and came very neere vs. And according to the maner of the fea,we asked them whence their fhipwas. They told V5 they were New-found-land men, that is to fay going a fifhing forNew-found-land-fifli. And they asked vs if wc would acceptof their companie: we thanked them :ther- upon they dranketo vs, and we to them , and they tookc another courfe. But hauing confidered their veflell all fet with greenemofle on the belly and (ides , weiudged them to be Pirates, & that they had of a long time b'eaten the fca, inhopetomakefomeprifc. It was then that we began to fee, more than before , Nepunes fheepe to skip vp (To doc they call the frothy wanes, when the fea beginneth to flur- and CO feele the hard blowes of his Trident. For common- ly in that place before named the fea is ftormy . If one askc me the caufe why: I wil anfwer, that Ithinke it to proceed of a certaine conflift between the Eafl; & wefterly windes, which doe encounter in that part of the fea, and efpecially in Summer,when the Weft windes doe rife vp, and with a great force pierce and paflethorow a great diftancc of fea, vntiil they finde the windes ofthefe parts, which doe rcfift them 5 Then it is dangerous for a (hip to be at thefe windy encounters. This reafon feemeth the more probable vnto me,in thisjthat vntiil wc came nccrcthc A%ores we had the winde windc cither which For Ea which thatth Whetl which of we h land,b thence ally in ! vapors ingfroi the Poi from V v/henit ^, vnto VJ phctjtl eththc whcrec brcw> He hr'if the I onfo Thewii ■*rf- NdUA FfdncU. ty winde fie enough, and afterward, wehadalmofi al wales cither South-well or Norwcafl, little North and South, which were not good for vs, but to failc with the bowline 2 For Eafterly windes v\ c had none at all, but once or twice, which continued nothing with vs (to fpeake of.) Sure it is Wcftcily that the Wefterlywindes doe raigne much a long that fca, na"y,"thV^ whether it be by a certaine rcpercufTion of the Eafl: winde Wdlernc which is ftifFc and fwift vndcr the Equinoftiall line, wber- Sea. of we haue fpoken elfe-whcrc,or becaufe that this Weftern land, being large and ^rcar,alfo the winde that iflueth from thence doth abound tlic more. Whichcommethcfpeci- ally in Summer, when the funne hath force to draw vp the from whence vapors of the earth, for the windes come from thence, ifTu- ^^^ vvindes jng from the dennes and Caues of the fame. And therefore ^'^^c®"^^ the Poets doefaine that«^o/«f holdeththcm inprifons, from whence hee draweth them, and giueth them liberty v/hen it pleafeth him. But the fpirit of God doth confirm it vnto vs yet better,when he faith by the mouthof thePro- phctjthat Almighty God,among other his maruel$,draw- Pfal. i j y. eth the windes out of his treafures , which be the Caues whereof I fpeake. For the word treafnre fignilieth in He- brew, fecret and hidden place. He br'mgethfoorth the cloudesfrom the earthesfHrtheflfartf, the lightnings with the raines he makes y and them impartes, onfome in his Anger-, on others for pleafnres : The windes he drarvethfoorth out of his deepetreafnres* And vpon this confideration, Chrifiopher Coltimbm, a Genwaie, firft nauigator of thefe laft ages vnto the Hands ofAmerika, did iudge that there was fome great land in the Weft, hauingobferued, failing on the fca, that continual! windes came from that part. Continuing then our courfc, we had fome other ftormes & hindrances procured by windes, which we almoft had alwaies contrary , by reafon we fet out too late : but they that fct out in March haue commonly good windes , be- I 2 caufc Pi I ?^ ¥ m •jih-» .( ' 'ri' *., I H i Porpcfci TliJWAy to caufc that thcnthc Eaft, Norcall , and Nortlicrn windcs doc raignc, which are tit and prolperous lor ihcfc voagcs. Thcfc ccmpcrts were very otren torctold vj> by Porpcfcs, iiocprop,iiof. ^vhichdid haunt about our Ihip by thoulands.fpoiting ticatcUorms. t]^,.(„{^.ii,cs after a very plcafant nianer. Sonicoiihundid pay for their (o nccr eapproachmg. For fonic men waited tor them ntthc bckc head (uliich is the forcpait of the (liip) wich harping Irons in their hands , which met with thcmfometimcs, and drew them inabord withthehclpc of the other failers, which,withironhookcs (which they call 6'^jjv/)tiedatthe end ofa long powle, pulled them vp. Wchauc takcnmany of them in that fort j both in going andcomming, which haucdone vs noharme. There bee two forts of them, fomc which haueablunt and bigge nofe, others which haucit lliarpcj wetookc none but ot thcfelaft , but yet I remember to haue feenc in the water fomc of the iLort-nofed ones. This fiOi hath two fingers bredth of fat, at the lcafl:,on the backe When it was cut in two, we did wa{h our hands in his hot blood, which, they fay, comforteth theiinewes. He hath a maruelous quan- tity of teeth along his Jawes , and I thinkc that he holdeth faft that which he once catcheth. Morcouer the inward parts haue altogether the taftc of hoggs flcfli , and the bones not in forme of fi(h bones, but hke a fourc footed creature. The moft delicate meat of it ^ is the finne which he hath vpon the backe, andthctailc, which are neither filh nor flefh , but better then that , fuch as alfo is in fub- ftanceoftaile,thatoftheBeuers,whichfeemethtobcfcai- ABeauers ^^^* Thefe Porpefes be the onely fi(heswctooke,bcforc ta.leis dainty wccamcto the great banckcof yT/or^^/or Codfiih, But meatc. f ^r off we faw othc r great fi(lies,which did fliew,out of the Avater,aboue haife an akers length of their backcs, and did thruft out in the aire aboue a fpeares height of great pipes of water, thorow the holes they had vpon their heads. Stormct, tnd jg^^ ^^ rcrurne to our purpofe of itormcs ; during our vojage, wchad fomc which madcvs Itnkc downc failc, aod; The dcfcripti- oaofthcP*?"- hot bloud doth comfort shciinev^cs. 'A i €9 and to ftanci our armcs a crofl'c,caricd at tlic plcafui c ofthc vvaucs , and tolled vp and dovviic after a (Irangc maiicr. If any coffer or chcft was not well made faft , it was heard to rowlc from fide to fide, makciDg a foil Icnoifc. Somerimes the kettle was oucrturncd-, and in dyning or fuppjng, our dilhcsandplacters flew fromonccndcof the lablctotlie other , vnkilc they were holden very fail. As for the drinke,one muft cary hw mouth and the glalfc , according to the motion of chc Ihip. Briefely it was a fporr,biir fome- whatrude, to them that cannot bearc this logging ca(jly. For all that, the moftof vs did laugh at it : for there was no danger in it, at leaft cuidcnt, being in a good Hiip , and flrong towithrtand thcwaues. We had alfo fometimes q i calmes, very tedious and wearifomc, during which, wc rifojj^c, wafhcdour felues in the fea , we danced vpon thedcckc, we climbed vp the mainc top , we fang in mufickc. Then when a little fmall cloudewas pcrceiued t(^ ilTue from vn- dcr the HoriK>on, wc were forced to giuc ouer thofe excrci- fc$, for to takcheedofaguftofwinde, which was wrap, ped in the fame cloud,which diflbluing it felfe, grumbling, fnorting, whiftling, roaring, ftorming, and buzing, was a- bleto ouerturncour (hip vpfldcdownc, vnleffemenhad bcenc ready to execute that which the Mafter of the (hip (which was Captainc F<7«^«(f/, aman very vigilant) com- manded them. There is no harmc in (hewing how thefc gufts of windc, othcrwife called ftormes, arc formed , and from whence they proceed. Plinie fpeaketh of them in his vim, Uh. t, naturall hiftory,and faith,that they be exhalations & light frff^S, vapours raifed from the earth to thecolde region of the aire: and notbeing able to parte further, but rather forced toreturne backe, they fometimes meetfulphury andfiry exhalations, which compaflc them about, andbindc fo hard ,that there come,thcr eby a great combat.motions and agitation, between the fulphury hear, and the airy moift- nertc, which being conftrained by theftronger enemy to mn away ) it opcncth it felfe,raaketh it felfc waie,whiftleth , r I ^ roarcth, Whirlc- windc,what icis, hovritis made : the cffe^s there- of. It.' ; ■A- i. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.25 121 ■^ tti 12.2 lb 140 i 2.0 — A" V '^F Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. M5S0 (716) •73-4503 '"i^ $ '^ ^ 6^ Vd '■• r. ' •m f KouATranetd, roarech and (lonneth,briefely becometh a winde, which is greater leflcr according that the fulphury cxalation which wrappeth it, brcaketh it fclfe and giucth it way,fometimes all at once, as we haue (hewed before, and fometimes with longer time,according to the quantity of the matter whcr- of Jt is madc,and according as,cither more or lelTe^itis mo- ued by his contrary quahties. The mirucU But I cannot leaue vnmentioncd the wonderful courage lousaffmancc and afTurance that good failcrs haue in thcfe vvindiccon- of the good fl • £^5^ ftormes and tcmpcfts , when as a (hip being caried the4 fca-ia- ^"^ mounted vpon mountaines of waters, and from thence bourj. let downe , as it were, into the profound depthes of the world, they clime among the tacklings and cordes, not on- ly to the maine top , and to the very height of the maine mad, but alfo, without ladder {leps,to the top of another mafl, faftened to thefird, held onclv with the force of their armcs and feet, winding about the highed tacklings. Yea much more, that if, in this great toflTmg and rowling, it chanceth that the mainefaile( which they call Paphilot PafefuSi) be vnticd at the higher end^,he, who is firft com- manded, will put himfelfe madiing vpon the maine yard ( that is the tree which crolTed the maine mad)and, with a hammer at his girdle,and halfe a dofen nailes in his mouthy will tie againe and make fad, that which was vntied, to the The boUnes pcrillofathoufandliues. I haue fometimes heard great ac- of a Switzer, count made of a Switzers bouldnefl'e, who (after the (iege at Lmik oiLdoHy and the cirie being rendered to the Kings obedi- ence) climbed and dood dradling vpon the thwart branch of the crofFe of our Ladies church deeple ofthe faid townc, and dood there forked wife, his feet vpward : Butt!.ar,in my iudgement, is nothing in reeard of this , the faid Swit- zer being vpon a firme and folide body , and without mo- tion , and this contrariwife hanging ouer an vncondanc Tea « toded with boidrous windes , as we haue fometimes ieene. After we had left thefe Pirats fpoken of before, we were vntill vncill the 1 8. of lune, tofTcd with diucrs , and almofl con* trary windcs, without any difcoucry, but of one (hip far ofFtrom vs,vvhich wc did not boord,and yet notwithftan- ding the very fight thereof did comfort vs. And the fame day we met a fliip of i/(?»/?tf«r, wherein Captaine La Roche did command, going for Ncw-found-landes, who had no better fortune vpon the fea then we. The cuftome is at fca, that when forae particular (hip meeceth with the King his (hip (as ours was) ro come vnder thelee,and to prefent herfelfc , not fide by fide^ but bias wife : Alfo to pull down her flaggc,as this Captain La Roche did,cxccpt the flagge, fordiee hadnon^ no more had we, being not needful! in fo great a voy age,but in approching the land,or when one mud fight. Ourfailers did caH; then their computation, on the courfe that we had made. For in euery (hip , the Mafler, the Pilot, and Makers Mate doe write downe eue* ry day of their courfes, and windes that they haue follow- ed , for how many houres , and the eflimation of leagues. The faid La Roche did account that they were then in the Fourty fiue degrees , and within a hunared leagues of the Bancke. Our Pilot, called Mader Ohtter FUuriot, of Saint Malocy by his computation faid that we were within 60o leagues of it : And C^ptSLincFou/^ues within 120. leagues. I bcleeue he gaue the befliudgement. Wcrcceiued much contentment by the meeting of this fliip , and did greatly encourage vs, feeing wee did begin tomeetewith (hips, feeming vnto vs that wee did enter in a place of acquain- tance. But by the way a thing muftbc noted, which Ibauc found admirable, and which giueth vs occafion to play the Philofophers. For about the fame 18. dayof lune, wee found the fea-water,during three daies fpace, very warme, and by the fame warmth, our wine alfo was warme in the bottome of our (hip,y et the aire was not hotter then before. And the 2 1 . of the faid moneth, quite conrrarie we were 2. or 3. daies fo much compalTcd widi mifics and coldcs; that wc 7^ The 18, of lune. A fliip. Another liiip. The vailing ofMarchands ilups to a Hiip RoyalU Computati* ofthcvoy« age. Sea water milkc warme, then colde* Great cold* 7» •"< Thcrearon of this Anti- pc'tribfr, and the can fc of the Ices of Ncw-found- lande. lathe i4, chapter. Second ex. pericncc. i(gU4 Tranck. we thought our felues to be in the moneth of lanuary , and the water of the fca was extreamc coldc. Which continu- ed with vs vntill we came vpon the faid Bancke, by rcafon ofthefaid millcs, which outwardly did procure this coldc vnto vs. when I fcckeout the caufc of this Anttpertftaje^ I attribute it to the Ices of the North, which come floating downevpon thccoaft andfea adioyning to New-found- land , and Labrador , which wee haue faid elfe-whereis brought thither with the fea, by her naturall motion, which is greater there, then elfe where, bccaufc of the great fpaceit hath to runne , as in a gulfc , in the depth of America, where the nature and fituationof the vniuerfall earth doth beare iteafily. Now ihefe Ices ( which fomc- times arefeeneinbanckes of tenne leagues length, and as high as Mountaines and hils,and thrice as deepein the wa- ters) holding 9 as it were , ao Empire in this fea, driue out farre from them, that which is contrary to their coldneflc, and confequently doe binde and clofeon this fide, that ihiall quantity ot milde temperature that the Summer may bring to thatpart,where they come to feat and place thera« felues. Yet for all that , I will not deny but this region iti one and the felfe-fame paralell is fomewhat colder then tho(e of our part of Europe, for the reafons that we will a- Icage hcercafter, when we (hall /beake of the fowlneffe of fcalons. Such is my opinion : being ready to heare ano- ther mans rcafon. Anci being mindcfull heereof, I did, of purpofe, take heed of the fame , at my returne from Ncvf France, and found the fame warmenefle of water(or very ncerc) though it was in the Moneth of September, within fiue or (ixdaies fai- ling on this (ide of the faid banckc, whereof we vyiU now intrcate. B birds Chap* ^#4 FnmiUi 7i Chap. XII. Of the great BanckeofO^^orues or Codies : of the Sound: ourcommmgtothefaidBancke : the defcription thereof : the fiJhingofNew-found'Und'fiJb : and of birds : the greedineffc of birds y called by Frenchmen Hap-foj/es , that is to far, Imer-catchers : diners perils : the fationrs of God: the caufes of frequent and long misles in the fVefiern fea : Land-markes : the fight of it : maruelloHi odours : the boor ding of two Shaloupes, the landing at the Port duMouccon : the comming into Port Roy all : of two Frenchmen remaining there alone amongjl the Sauages, BEfore wee come to the Bancke, fpoken of before, which is the great Bancke where the fi(hing ofgreenc Cod-fiHies is made (fo are they called when they are not dry , for one mud j^oe alande for the drying of them ) the feaottonic wasarocke. 1 cannot exprtfle the ioy that we had,(ceing vs thcre,where vvc had io niuih dtfired . to be. There was not any one of vs more (icke, eiiery one did leapc for Ioy, and djd feeme vnto vs to be in our ownc. countr) ,though wc were come bur to the haUeofour voy- age, at leall for the time , thatpalltd before wc came to Port Rovall , whtherwc were bound. Heerc I vvill,before I proceed any f urther,dccipher Viito you , w h It meancth this word (^Battcke) which paraducn- u'^.-IP"""'* tureputcithibmeinpaine toknowwhatitis. Theyfom- Bancke. times call Banckes a landy botcome which is very Ihallovv, or whiih is a dne at low water. Such places be mortall for fliips that meete with them. But the Bancke whereof wc fpeake, are mouncaines grounded in tlie depth of the wa- ters, which areraifcdvp to 50.. ^(J. and40.1ada|ns, neerc tothe vpperfaceof thefea. This Bancke is holden to be of 200. leagues in ienght : and 18. 20. and 24. leagues broad, which being palled there is no moie bottome found out, then in theft parts, vntill one come to the land. The • ihips being there arriued, the failes are rowled vp, and there , filling is made of the greenc filh , as 1 hauc faid, whcreoiwe inallfpeakc in the booke following. For the fatisfying of my reader , 1 haue drawcn it in my Geogra- phy call Alap of Newfound-land , with prickes r which is alimaybcdonctoreprefcntit. There is, farther off, ether banckcs, 35 1 hauc marked in the faid Map,vpon the which good filliing may he made ; and many goe thither that know the places. When that weparted hom Rochel,therc ly^ (asjt were) a fbrrcH of Ihips ly ingsit Chef de Lois, : (whereof KMd Traneid. (whereofthat place hath taken his name) viWith went all in a company to that country, preuenting vs (u j their go- ing)butoncly of two daies. Hauing fcenc and noted thcBancke, wee hoiHed vp fades and bare all night, keeping fltli our coiirfe to the Weft, But the davvneof day being come, which was Saint lohn Baptills Eue , in Gods name we pulled downe failcs, parting that day a filliing of Cod-filh, wiiha thoufand mirthes and contentments , by reafon of frcfli meatcs, whereof we had afmuchas we would, hauing long before willicd for them. OHonfeur De 'Potttrmcourt, aiid a yong man of /f^/tf/ named Le Feure, who, by reafon of the fea- (ickncile were not come out from their beds nor cabanes, from the beginning of the Nauigation , came vpon the hatches that day , and had the pleafure, not onely of fifliing ofCodjbutalfo of ihofc birds, that bee called by French mariners, //4/>/>f-/: thefc eight • I > tight dales , which were from one Saturday to another, God ( who hath alwaies guided thcfe voyages , in the which not one man hath becnc loftbj'-fea) lliivvcd vshis fpeciallfauoiirtin fending vnto vs, among the thickc fogs, aclearing of the Sunnc , which contniucd but halfc an houre : And then had we fight of the fit me land, and knew that we were ready to be caU away vpon the rockcs, ifwc had not fpeedily ifood ofFco fea-warcJ. A man duih fome- timis fcekc the land, as one doth his beloued, which foinetimes repulfcth her fwect heart very rudely. Finally, vpon Saturday the 15. of lul) , about two adockc in the atternoone, the fky began ta faluccvs, as it were, with Cannon (liots, (lieddiiigteares, as being fo^y tohauekepc vsfolonginpainc. So that faire weather being come again, we faw-commingltraightto vs(we being fowcr leagues off irom the land) twoShaloupes withopenfailcs,inafea yet wrathed . This thing gave vs much content. But w hilft we followed on our courfe,there came from the land odors vncomparable for fweetne(le,brought with a w arm wind, foabundantly,thatallthe Orient parts could not procure greater abundance.We did ftretch out our hands,at it were to take them,fo palpable were they, which I haue admired athoufand times fince. Then the two (lialoups did ap- proach, the one manned with Sauages, who had a Stagge painceci at their failes , the other with Frenchmen ol Saint MaIocs, which made their fifliing at the Port oft ^fw/e-*?;/, but the Sauages were more diligetit , for they ariuedfitft. Hailing neuer feeneany before, I did admire, .itthelirft (ight, theirfairefhape, and forme of vifage. Oneofthcm did cxcufe himfclfe, for that he had not brought his faire beucrgowne, becaufethc weather had beencfoule. lie had but one red pcece ot frizc vpon his backe, and Mata- f/j/-^^ about his necke, at his wri(fes,aboue the elbow, and at his girdle. We made them to tat and drinke. During that rime they tolde vs all that had palled , a^ yecrc before, At Port Roy all (wluthcr wc were bound. In the me ane while, 19 Gods rnioiir in danger, Calmcwea. ther. Mariiellcus odours cum. niino fiom ^ the land* Th? boord« irie o^ two fi slopes. The Sfluagcf goodly men. Mata(hiA\ be caiknnets, necklaces, bracilcts,and wrou'^ht giidles* 8o li 1 HI ll;> ^ ' I During the milts ntfei, it is fane wc tin r on I And. A difcommo- ditic brings.! cominotlicy. The care of the fauiij^cs for their wiuei. The depar- ting of fomc of our com* pany going aland. The Sauages doe traucll much way in fmall time. S^M Fr49icid, wliile, them of Saint Ma/oe came, and totde vs as much as the Sauages had. Adding that the wenfday , when that we did ilumne the rockes, chey had fecne vs , and would haue cometovs with the (aid Sauages, but that they left off, byreafon we put to the fea : and moreouer that it had beenealwaicsfairc weather on the land : which mailevs muchtoniarucll : but the caufe thereof hath beencfliewed before. Ofthis difcommodity may bcdrawnc hcereafter a great good, that thefcmids will fcrueas a rampier to the counrry , and one (hall know withfpeed what is padedac fea. 7 hey toldc vs ;dfo that they had beene aduertifed^ fome daies before, by other Sauages, that a (hip was feene at Cap Breton. Thefe French men of S. A^fa/oe were men thatdid dealefbr thcaflbciates ofA^onfieur DeAIoftts,;jittd did complaine that the Baskes, or men of Same lohnZ)^ Lfts (againftthe King his Inhibitions ) had trucked with the Sauages , and caried away aboue fix thoufand Beaucrs skinnes. They gaue vs fundrie forts of their fi(hcs,as Bars, LMar/us and great FleUns, As for the Sauages, before to depart, they asked bread of vs , to carry to their wiues, which was granted and guien them 9 for they deferued it well, being come (b willingly to fliew vs in whatpart wee were. For fince that time we failed flill in aiTurance, and without doubt. At the parting, fome number of ours went aland at the FottofC'^impJeaUy aswelltofetch vs fome wood and frelli water, whereof we had neede, as for to follow the Coafl; from that place to Port Royal in a fhaloup/or we did feare left LMonJteur De Pont (hould be at our comming thither already gone from thence. The Sauages madeofjcr to goc to him thorow the woods, with promife to be there with- in fix dayes, to aduertife him of our comming , to the end to caufe his ftay, for as much as word was left with him to depart, vnlefic he were fuccouied within the 16. day of that monethj^yrhich he failed not to doc : notwithftandjng our men defirous to fee the land neerer,did hinder the fame which yof which promired vs to bring vnto vs the next day ihe faid wood and water, if we would approch necrechc land, which we did not, but folio wed on ourcourfe. The Tucfday, 17. otlulywc were, according tooiir accuQotned mancr, fiirprifcd with nwdcs and contrary wind. But the Thiirfday we had cainie weather , fothac whcthcnt were inift or faire weather we went nothing for- ward. During this calme , about the eucning , a bhip- wrightjwalliinghfinfclicinthcfca , hauing before drunUe coo much AejuA'Vitdy found him(clfe ouerraken,che cold of the fca water ftriumg againft the heat of this fpirit of wine. Some Mariners, feeing their fellow in danger, caQthem- fdues into the water to fuccour him , but his wits being troubled, he mocked them, andthcy notable to rule him. Which caufcdycc other Mariners to goe to heipe \ and they fo hindred one another , that they were all in danger. In the end there was one of them, which,amongthis con- fufion, htSLtdthcvoicc of Moftfieur De Pouthnconrtt who did fay to him, lohrt Hay \ookc towards me, ^lid with a rope that was giuen him, he was pulled vp > andtherefl withall were faued. But the Author of the trouble fell into a GcknefTe, that almoli killed him. After this calme we had two daies of fogges. The Sun- day 2 $ . of the faid moneth, we had knowledge of the Fore ^H%^ffigmn y and the fame day in the afternoone, the Siinnc lliining faire, we caft anker at the mouth of Port Dh MoutoHy and we were in danger to fall vpon a fliold, bein^ come to two fathams and a halfe depth. We went aland feuenteene of vs in number , to fetch the wood and water, whereof we had weed. There we found the Cabins and lodgings, yet wholeand vnbroken, that Monfieur D0 Monts made two yeeres before, who had foiourned there by the fpace of one moneth , as wehaue faid in his place. We faw there, being a fandy land, (lore of Oakes, bearing acornes, Cy prefFe-trees » Firrc-trees , Bay-trees, Muskc- rofcs,Goofc-bcrics, Puiflen,Rafpics, ^^iwi^Ljfmdchta, Si Miflcf. Clnics. Tiif pfr:Ilo^ m.iit) Mail. ncrs. DrunK'cnncflc caufethiliucif Pinh. Port4»l^o^;j- imO. Pore 4«i)f III. WhaterovTcs inihc u. d at Porcow H^U" 8i W til}' 'vJ 'ar IfCa^de Sablt. Longllmd, The Bay S. Mary. The arriiung toPortRpy- all. Difficulties in commin!:! in. The beauty «/thQ Port. ^m Franei4. (a kindc ofSammonee ) CalamM odor at w , Angelica , and other (imptcs, in the fpacc of two hourcs that vvctaricd there. We brought backe in our Hiip wilde pcaze , which we found good. Wc had not the leafure to hunt after ra- bets that be there in great number, not far from the Port, but we returned aboord as foone as wc had laden our felues witli water and wood : and fo hoifed vp failcs. Tuefdaythc 25. day wc were about the C^/jI)^ 5*4^/^, in faire weather, and made a good iourny, for about the cuening we came to fight oiLong lie, and the Bay of Saint A'farie , but bccaufc of the night wc put backe to the fca- ward. And the next day wc ca(l anker at the mouth of Port Roy all , where wc could not enter by rcafonit was ebbing watcr,but we gauc two Cannon (hot from our fhip to faliite the faid Portjand to aducrtife the Frenchmen that we were there. Thurfdaythc 27. of luly wecamcin witjfthe floud, which was not without much difHcuItic, for ^[^ we had the winde contrary, and gufts^bf windc from the moun- taines , which madevsalmoftto ftrikcvponthe rockes. And in thefc troubles our (hip bare (till contrary ,thc Poupc before, and fometimes turned round, not being able to doe any other thing elfc. Finally , being in the Port, it was vn- to vs a thing marudlous to fee the faire diQance and large- nede of it,and the mountaines and hils that inuironed it,5c I wondered how fo faire a place did remainc defcrt , being all filled with woods, feeing that fo many pine away in the world, which might makegoodof this land, ifoncly they hadachiefc gouernortoconduft them thither. By little and little we drew neercto the Hand, which is ricrht oucr^gainft the fort where wchaue dwelt (ince : An Hand I fay,thc moft agreeable thing to befeene in her kinde,that is poflible to bee defircd , wiQiing in our felues to hauc brought thither fomc of ihofc faire buildings that arevn* profitable in thefe our parts, that ferue for nothing, but to retire wildcfuwlciu^ and other birds. Wc knew not yet, if J[^onJieHm By ght and chac laue vn- itto «,if NcuaFnncu. j* Monjtenr DuPont was gone or no , and therefore wc did cxpcft thachcfhould ftndfomcmcntomcct vsjbutit was invaine : for he was gone from thence 12. daies before. And whilcft we did hull in the middefl of the Port, Mem- berteu, thcgreateftiy^f^i^w^/ of the Sofih^uois (fo arc the S4i!;amo$ Ggni^ people called with whom we were) came to the French- fi«h Captain, fort,to them that were left thcrCjbeing only two,crying as anjadde-man, faying in his language ; What ! You fland hccre a dining (for it was about noone) and doe not fee a great (hip that commeth heere , and we know not what men they are : Suddenly thefe two iinn ran vpon the bul- * vvarke, and with diligence made ready the Canons,which they furnilhed with pellets & touch powder. AlembertoUy without delay , came in a Conow made of barkes of trees, with a daughter of his, to view vs : And hauing found but friendOiip, and knowing vs to be Frenchmen, made no alarme. Notwithftaiidingoneof thetwo Frenchmen left there ^ called La Taille, came to the fliore of the Port , his match on the cocke, to know what we were (though he knew it well enough, for we had the white Banner difplai- cd at the toppe of the maft) and on the fudden fourc volly of canons were (hot off, which made innumerable echoes: And from our part , the fort was faluted with three Canon ihots, and many musket fliots, at which time our Trumpe- ter was not flackc of his dutie. Then we landed, viewed the houfe, and wc palled that day in giuing God thankes, in fcein<'the Sauages cabins , and walking thorow theme- P"iftsofthe dowcs. But I cannot but praife the ffentle courage of thefc JJJ^^n igf"^, two men, oneofthemlhaue already named, the other is loncinthc called MicjueUr : which deferue well to bee mentioned foitofPort- hcere , for hauing fo freely ercpofcd their liues in the con- R®yall« fcruation of the welfare of New France. For f^Monfienr Dh Pont haiiingbut one barke and a (haloupe , to feeke out to- wards New-found- land jf or french (hips, could not charge himfelfc withfo much furniture, corne, meat and mar- chandifcs as were chcrej which he had bccne forced to caft L z into I \.%\\ It.." ',\. into the fca (and which had been greatly to our preiudite, and we did fcarcit Tcry much) it'thcfccwo men had not aducntiired thcmfelucs to tary there , for theprcferiiing of thofethings, which they did with a willing and ioyfiiU Duudc. Chap. XIII. The happy meeting of MonCicut DuPont : hisreturnevnta Port Roy aU : retoycing: defer ipt ion of the confines of the f aid Tort : conieElftre toHchmg the head and ^ringof the great Ri- tier of Canada : /owing ofCorne : the retttrne fo that fome of them drunkc vntiU their caps turned round. At the very beginning,we were dcfirous to fee rhe coun- try vp the riuer , where we found medowcs, almoft conti- nually aboue twelue leagues of ground , among whichi brookes doe run without number, whicii come Trom the hilsand mountaines adioyning. The woods verythicke en the water Qioares , and fo thicke, that fomctimcs , one cannot goethorow them. Yet for all that,I would not make them fuchas lofefh Acofta rccitcth ihoUoi Peru to be, when he faith ; One of our brethren, a man of credit ^ told vSy that being gone afir ay , andlofl in the Mount aim ty not know- ing what party nor which way hejhouldgoe, found himfelfca-* mong bujhesfothkk^ , that he woi conftrainedto trauellvpon them, without putting his feet on the ground, a whole fort* nights jpace, I refer the beleeuing of that to any one that will^ but this bcleefc cannot reach fo farre, as to haue placa with me. Now in the land whereof we{peakc,the woods are thin- ner farre off from the iLoares and watrifli places ; A nd the felicity thcreofis fo much the more to be hoped for, in that itis like the land, which God did promifero his people, by the mouth of Moy fes , faying : The Lord thy god doth bnngtheetnto agood land, of riuers of waters, withfountaines and deptheSfWhich doejprtnir infields, ^c, A land where thou (halt eat thy breadwttboutjcarfitie, wherein not hingfh all faile thee , A landwhofe flones are of Iran, and from whofe Moun- taines thoHpjalt dtgge braffe. And further in another place, confirming the promifesforthc goodnelTeandftateof the land chat he would giue them. The country {Caith he) wher- inyou aregotngfortopojfejfeit , is not 06 the landof C£gypt, - *• L 3 from Sj Hb,^,ta, 50. Land like to that which God promi« fed to his people. Dc ut S.vcrf.j. 8. Dciitcr. ti. Ycrf. 10. zt ■,>■- Hccrcunon thc^.uup. Iron ftoncs. Mountaines ofBraflc. from ivheHcejou are comefoorth , where tfjoH eliddcFtfiw thj feedt andwateredft it with the Ubour of thy feet ^iu a garden of hearbes. Bnt the country theroTv which yon are going topajfe, for to pojfcjfe it, is a land of mountaines and fields , and is wa-» tred with waters that rainethfrom heauen. Now according to the dcfcription that hccretofore wc haue made of Port Royall, and the confines thcreofjndcfcrjbing the firft voi- age oiMonfieur De C^onts, and as yet we doc mention it heerc, Brookes doe there abound at will, and (for this rc- Abuniiince fped) this land is no lefl'c happy than the country of the ofbiookes. Gaulcs (now called France ) to whom King (C^grippa (making an oration to the lewes recited by lofephus in his warrc of the lewes) attributed a particular felicity, becaufc they had florcof domedicall fountaines : And alfo that ai part of thofe countries is called Aquitaine , for the fame confederation. As fortheflones which our God promifcth that fhould be of iron , and the mountaines of BrafTe , ths^c (ignifieth nothing elfe, but the Mines of Copper, of Iron^ and offleele,whereofwe haue already heeretoforefpoken, and will fpeake yet heereafter. And as for the fields(wher- of we haue not y ctfpoken) there be fome on the Wefl fide ofthefaid Port Royall. Andabouethe Mountaines there brooks vpon fcc fome fairc ones , where I haue feenc lakes and brookes, il^T^ cuen as in the vallies. Yea cuenin the pafTage to come foerth from the fame fort,for to go to fea .there is a brookc, which falleth from thehigh rockesdowne, and in falling difperfethit felfeintoafmallraine, which is very delight- full in Summer, bccaufe that at the foote of the rocke, there are caues,wherin one is couered, whilefl that this raine fal- lerfifopleafantly : And in thecauc (wherein the raine of this brookc falleth ) is made (as it were ) a Raine-bow, Tl»c fo'""^ °^ when the Sunne (hineth : which hath giuen me great caufc vftdc" a caue! ^f admiration. Once we went from our fort as farrc as the Thcytrauell fcathorow the woods, the fpace of three leagues , but in three leaguei our returnc wc were pleafantly dcceiued , for at the end of in the woodi. our iourny , thinking to be in aplainc champion country, W'C Lakes and \ ■ 'u-jA Country wtll warcrcd. Confc^iure vpon the fpring of the great Riuer of Canada, we found our fclucs on the top of a high Mountainc , and were forced to come downe with paine enough, by rcalbn of fnowcs. But Mountaines be not perpetual m a country. Within 15. leagucsof our dwelling, the country , thorow which the Riuer VEqHtlle paflah, \% all plainc and cuen. I hauefeenein thofe pares many countries, where the land is all euen, and the faircA of the world. But the perfe£lion diereof IS, that it is well watered. And for witnefTe where- of, not onely in Port Royall, but alfo in all New France,thc great riuer of Canada is proofe thereof, which at the end of 400. leagues is as broade as thegreatcR riuers of the world, replenilhed with lies and roclces innumerable : ta- king her beginning from one of the lakes which doe meet at the (Ireame of her courfe (and fo I thinke) fo that it hath two courfes, the one from the EaQ towards France : the o- therfrom the Wefl: towards the South fca : which is ad- mirable, but not without the like example found in our Europe. For the riuer which commcth downe to Treat and to Verone proceedeth from a lake which produceth a- nother riuer , whofe courfe is bent oppofite to the riuer of Lins, which falleth into the riuer Danube, So the Nile iflb- cth from a lake thatbringethfoorth other riuers , which difchargethemfelues into the great Ocean, Let vs returneto our tillage : for to thatmuft we apply our fclues : it is the firft mine that muft be fought for,which is more worth than the treafures oiAtabalipa : And he that hath cornc, wine, cattcll, wollen and linncn, leather, iron, and afterward Codde-fi(h , hcneedethno other treafures, for the neceffaries of life. Now all this is (or may be) in the land by vs defcribed : vpon the which MonJienrDePou- Sowing of m«w«rrhauing caufedafecond tillage to be made, infif- cornc, teene daies after his arriuall thither , he fowed it with our French come^ as well wheat and ric, as with hcmpe, flax, turnep fecd,redifli, cabidgcs & other feeds : And the eight day following , hee faw that his labour had not beene in vaine^ but rather a faire hope, by the produdion that the Which is ih\ Aril mine. ground 10 Of Au» Caufcofdie country of the ^riN9M. ground had already made of the fcedes iwhich (he had re^ ccaucd. Which being ihcwcd to Mon^eurDtt'Pont^ was vnto him a fairc fubie^ to make his relation in FraB€C,as K thing altogcthcrncw there. vtv Ihezo.dayof Auguftwas already ccme, whenthcfe faire (hewes were made, and the time did admonilli ihem, that were to goc in the voyage, to make ready. Whcrcun- co they began to giue order, ib that the 25 day of theil'me moneth^atter many pealcs of ordinancc,they vvaighed an-^ kcr to come to chcmouth of the Port, which is commonly^ the fird dales iourny. LMonJieur DeMonts being dcdrous to reach as farre in- voyagc m^d^ CO the South as he could, and fcekc out a place very fit to into the inhabit c, beyond i^/^u/if^^rr^, had requeued il/£>;7/7(f/yrDr PoHtrincoHrt to paHe farther than yet he had done , and to feeke a conucnient Port in good temperature of aire , ma-^ king no greater account of Port Roy all than of S. Croix, inthat which concerneth health. Whereunto the faid LMonJienr D e Poutrinconrt being willing to condefccnd , would not tarry for the fpiingrime, knowing he (liould haueother employments to exercifehimfelfe withall. But feeing his fowings ended, and his field greene, refolued himfeltc to make this voyage and dilcouery before winter. So then he difpofed all things to that end , and with hi& Barke ankercd neere to the Unas , to the end to get out in A whale in company. Whilelt they lay there for a profperous windc Port RoyalL the fpace ofthrec daies , there was a Whale of meane big» nefle (which the S auages doe call ^4r/4J who came eueiy day into the Port, with the morning floud .playing there within at her pleafure , and wentaway backe againe with thecbbe. And then,takingfomeleafure,Imade,in French verfes, a farewell to the laid LMonJieur DnPont aqdhis company, which I haue placed among the Mnfes of New France. »» Parting from The28. day of thefaid moneth each of vs tookc his PortRoyall. ^Qurft, oDConcway, and the other another, diucrfly to God ■..^:.^ g- his cw ?? his to od KouATrdticta. Gods keeping. As for Monjieur Dh Pont he purpofcd by the way to (ct vpon a Merchant of Rofie^ named Boyer, who (contrary to chc Kings inhibitions) was in thofc parts totruckc with theSauages, notwithftapJing he had bccnc dehucred outofprifoninRochell, by the confcr.tot Afon- fictirDe Potitrincourt, vnder promife he ilioiild not go thi- thcrjbut thefaid ^^rt: J M vfcd 89 fou.iid aiS, Crcix, 1 j Their mea- 1 ning is to li 1 plane beyond i Malebarre to i the South- fl ward. m ^ A ditch profi- p tably made. h ■Hr What ftore of workcmen and labourers H in New 1 France, 1 Their cJciv 1 cileandma- ■ ncrof life. B Ikk 90 > iUis, Crabs. G joJ prom. Honof vmU;;. fowlc. tityoFbrcad •fid wine. Prcfe^tntiiie ai;iinll the fjik ruffe of New Prance, A cleareand luteaiic. Allowance. ^ua FrdficU. vfed^t'orthcy were at ihcirownc liberty for thrccliourcs labotira day. The oucrpliis of the tinic they bcUowcd it, Jii c^oini^ to gather niuflcls , v\ hich are at low water in j^i cat cjuaiiticy bctorerbcfort, or Lap(lers,or Crabs, whitharc ill Fort koyall vnderthe Rockes in great abuiidaiKe, a Cockles , which arc in euery part in the 0:i(<: , about the lliores ot the laid Port : All that kinde of fiOi is taken with- oiitnet orboace. Sonicthcre were that fomctJincs tcokc vvilde-fowlc , but not being skilfiill , tiicy fpoilcd tlie game. And as for vs, our tabic was furnilTied by one of Aionfienr De A-Ionts men, who prouided for vs in lucli fort that we wanted no fowlc, bringing vnto vs, fomctjuies halfcadofen of birdes, called by French men , Outards (a kinde of Wilde geefe) fomerimes as many mallardcs , or wildcgeefe,whiic and gray, very often two or three dofcn oflarkes.and other kindes of buds. As for bread, no body felt want thereof, and euery one had three quarts ofpiirc and good wine a day. Which hath continued with vs as long as we hauc beenethere, fauingthar when they, who came to fetch vs , in ftead of brinsiino; commodities vnro vs,hclped vs to fpcnd ourownc(as wefliall haue occafion hcereafter to declare) we were forced to reduce that por- tion to a pintc ; and notwithftanding there was very of- ten fomc thing more of extrordinary. This voyage (for thisrefpeft) hath beencthe belt voyage of all, whereof we are togiuc muchpraifes to the faid Monjiey.r Deyl/oKts, and his airociates Monfietir A:facqmnand Mon'leur Ceonrcs ofRochd, inprouidiiigfo abundantly for vs. Fortruely liinde that this Septembrall liquor (Imcane wine) js,a- mong orher things , afoueraigne prefcruatiue againfl rhc licknelleofthatcountry : Andthefpicerics, tocorreO: ihe vice that might be in the aire of that region, whicluieuer- thelcs I haucalwaies found very cleereand pure, notwith- ftanding the reafons that I may hauc alleaged for the fame, fpeaking hceretoforcofthe fame (ickneffe. For our allow- ance, we had Pvafe, Bcanes, Rice, Prunes, Raifons, dry Codde, s,a- rhc It (he \ier- ith- timc, ow- dry dde, CocWe, and fait flcfli,bcfidcs Oylc and Butter. But when- foeucrche Sauagesydwcllingncere vs,had taken any (]uan. ticy of Sturgions, Salmons, orfmallfiflics 5 Item, any Bc« uers,^ ElUnSy Carabousy (or fallow Dccrc) or otiicr beafis, mentioned inmy farvvell to New France, they broiiglic vnto v$ halfe ofit : and that which remained chcy cxpoled it fometimesto falcpublikely , and they that v^ould haue any thereof did trucke bread for it. This was partly our inaiKr of life in thofe parts. . But although cueryone of our 'vvorkcmen had his particular trade or occupation, yet forall that it was necellary to imploy himfclfe to all vies, as many did. Some Mafons and Stonc-caruers applied thenifclues to baking , which made vs as^tood bread as is madeinParis. AlfooneofourSawyers,diu- "stimcsmade vs Coalcs in great quantitic. wherein is to be noted a thing that now I remember. It is, that being necedaryto cut turffes to coucr the piles of wood, heaped to make thefaid coales , there was found in the medowcs three foot deepc of carth,not carth,bur gra(!'c or hearbes mingled with mudde,which haue heaped them- felues yecrely one vpon another from the beginning of tJic world, not hauing beenc mooucd. Neuertheleife the grcene thereof ferueth for paflurc to the E Hans iVihich wc haue many times feeneinour medowcs of thofe parts, in beards of three or fourc, great and fmall, fufferingthem- felues fometimcs to bee approched, then they ran to the woods : But I may fay moreouer,that I haue feenc,in crof- fing two leagues of our faid medowes,the fame to be al tro- den withtrackes o^Ellans , for I know not there any other clouen footed beads. There was killed one of thofe beafts, not farre off from our fort , at a place where MonJleurBc Monts hauing caufed the grade to be mowed tWoyeares before,it was growcnagainethefaireftof the world. Some mightmaruell how thofe medowes are made, feeingthat all the ground in thofe places is couercd with woods. For fatisfa^ion whereof, let the curious reader know,that in .A.. M, 2 high 5>I ft.i^'j'^c or ml DiciP. The hbcrall nntiiro ot" liic Crnifoalc madcinNc^ir Fi-;incc. What earth is in the mc. iiowct. t\lani in the Medowcs. 9^ I'i^ii ■ ; i Tcm^tc^fet^ KJit»heJy^, The bay of high fpringtidcs, fpccially in March and September, the floud coucrcth thoIc (bores , which hindcrcih the trees thereto take root. Butcuery vvhere,\vhere the water ouer- floweth nor, if there be any ground, there arc woods. Chap. XllII. Their d( par tiny fromihcllc j]'4mo(* aboord. Atthat hourc UVlcffamoet began his Oration ** before the Sauages : Shewing them , how that in *' times palt, they often had fricndfliip together : and *' that they might eafily ouercome their enemies, if they *' wouldhaueintelligenceandferuethemrclueswiththeami- '* tie of the Frenchmen, whom, they faw there prefent to " know their Country , to the end to bring commodities vn- " tothemhecreaftcr, and to fuccour them with theirforccs, " w hich forces he knew, and he was the better able to make *' a demonll ration thereof vnto them, byfo much that hec " which fpake, had before time beene in France, and dwelt " therewith Aionfimr DeGmndmortt , Gouernour of Bay- " onne. Finally, his fpecch continued almoft an lioure with Mfffm9eti^^~ much vehemency and afte^ion, withagefture of body fedion to the and armes , as is rcquifite in a good Oratour. And in the The lar^'t fi'c ^"^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ '^'^ ^^'^ merchandifes (w hich were worth a- and iibcraliry boue ;^co. crownes, broughtinto that country) into Olmc' of MffJ'amoets. chin his boar, as making him a prefent of that, in aflurancc of the loue he would witnes vnto him.That done the ni<^ht haded on, and euery one retired himfelfe. But Meffamoct was not pleafed, for that Olmechtn made not the hke Grati- fy- on Ight moct rati- on c iK'Xtuay in cue moinu)'^ , iicanuiiis pcopic ^-^onu;,, with aboatc ladfii vvkli that v\hich they haJ, ^'^'f',' Ky 1 abacco.Bcancs and Punipioiis, which tluy j., itHv;. hcerc and there! hole two Captaincs Olmcchin ^' \Vi\m onvntohim.iiof rcqnircd hlsprcfcnt:ForthcS3ua2;cshauc ti,- c thatnoblcqiulicy, thattlKV'j;!uc liberally , calliiigatthc Ullju.^II.' feet of hull whoinihcy wilhv>iu)r, the prcU'iu that they j2,mc him:Biitic isw»fh liupcfoiecciuc {oincicciprocall kind- r.circ, which isakuidcoiconirjO^ which we call, withoi c name,/ <^///tf thcCyto the cml thc:^jhonlciejt irtuc mc. And that js done tiiorow all the world. Thcrelore Ai/rjfumoei fioin that day hadinmindctonKikcwartoO//wfc/./«. NoLVvith- ACornc^ Handing the next day in the morninj:^ , he and his people ''^Hniry didrctiirnc towitjCorne dillribiitcd hcerc and there.! hole two Capt and Alurchin haiie fince beenc killed in the wars . In whofc ttead was cliolen by the Sauages one named Bejfubes^ Biffalcr which fince our icturne hath beene killed by Englifliinen: ^"ii'""'"cn. And in Read of him they haue niadeaCapraine to come from within the lands , named AslicoH; a graueman, vali- ^fticau, ant and redoubted, which, in the twinkling of an eye, will gather vp looo. Sauagcs together, which thing <9/wtfr^/;i and Afitrchin might alio doe. For our Barl^s being there, prefently the Sea was feene all couered ouer with their boates, laden with nimble and lully men , holding them- feiues vpflraightinthem : which we cannot doe without dan2;cr , thoic boates beinsrnothiniz: elle but trees hollow- cd after the faihion that we will (liew you in the booke fol - lowing. From thence Monjicnr De V.cHtrt?:coKrt following on hiscourfe,found a certaine Port very delighrfulljwhich p^ ^^^ ^^^j had notbeene feene by AfonJienrDeAionts : And during port. ° the voyage they faw (lore of fmoke, and people on the fliorc , which inuitedvs to come aland : And feeing that no account was made oiit , tiiey followed the barke along Tho ngiljty of the fand, yea mofi: often they did outgoeher, fofwiftare d^c ^rtKouchL they , hauing their bowes in hand, and their quiuers vpon J?**"*'- their backcs, alwaies finging and dauncing, not taking care -^ jj^ j^y |^, j " with what they fliould liue by the way. Happy people I tlickaow- Yca, a thoufand times more happy than they which in ledge of God. r.. tliefe m ?^ •iU Fifes. A SaiKige woiinctcd. Their mouthcs and mops about him that was hurt. The prcfents ofaSauagc woman. Hcmpe v«ry faire. Bcanes. Quannty of grapes. ?(£ua Franck. thcfc parts make thcmfclues to be worfhipped 5 if they had the knowledge of God and oftheir fahiation. Monjienr VeT^otitrincourt hauing landed in this Port, behold among a multitude of Sauages a good number of fifes, which did play with cerraine long pipes, made as it were with canes of reedes, painted ouer, but not with futh an harmony as our Shepheards might doc : And to iliew the excellertcy oftheir art, they w hilled with cheir nofes i« gamboHing, according to their fafhion. And as this people did runne headlong, to come to the Barkc, there was a Sauage which ,hurt himfelf e greeuoufly intheheelea3ngcr. they were forced to coaft the land , where they found no depth ; going backc to fea it was yet woorfe : infuch wife that they did (bike twice or thrice, being raifed vp a- gaineonely by the waues, and the rudder was broken, which was a/dreadfull thing. In this extremity they were conftiainedto caft anker in the fea, attwofadamsaecpc, and three leasiues off from the land . Wliich beins; done, Daniel Hay (a man which taketh pleafure in fhewing foorth his vertuein the perils of the fea) vvasfcnt towards the Coaft to, view it, and fee if there were any Port. And ashewas necrelandhc.fawaSauage, whichdiddauncc, finging yo.yoyjo, he called him to come nccrer, and by fignes asked him if there wer/^<7«^/ , otherwife Saint 7i?/?«/ riuer ; who being aiiothbecaufe there was no more bisket left. Fifteene daies were imployed in this worke, during the vAixdiAIonfiefir 'DePoHtr'mceHrty accordmg to the lauda- ble cuftomeof Chriftians, made a CrofTe to be framed and fet vp , vpon a greene banclce, as Monfieur De Moms had done two y ceres before at Kimhki And LMalebarre, Now among thcfepaincfiillexercifes they gaue notoucrmake- ing good cheere, with that which both the fea and the land might furnifli in that part. For in this Port is plentie of fbwle, in taking of which many of our men applied them- felues .'fpecialTy the. fea larkes arc there info great flights that Monjieur D€ Pefttrmcofirtkilhd 28. of them with one Caliuerfhot, As for fidies , there be fuch abundance of Porpefes, and another kinde offilh, called by Frenchmen SoHflenrs, that is to fay, i^/ow^rj, that the feafeemes to be allcoueredoucr with them. But they had not the things neccffary for this kinde of fifliing > they contented them- felues then with (heU-fi(h,as of Oy fters, Skalops, periwin- cles 3 whereof there was enough to be fatisfied. The Sa- uagesof the other (ide did bring fifli , and grapes within baskets made of rufhcs, for to exchange with fome of our wares. The faid LMonfienr *Z)undance of larkes and fiflics. <* I fi m I it Shell filli. Gi-apcs. Riifli. baskets. 101 Thctriallof French wea- pons before the Sauagcs, Goodinlhiu ^ioii. Sec in the next b coke. Signcs of coiifpiracy. f(gua Framia. though the foylc be there very fit for vines. Which neuer- thclcffc (by a dull forgctfulncfle ) was not done, to the great difcoutcnt of thcTaid Monjieur DePoHtrincoHrt and ofvsall. . . r, • After certaine daies , the faid MortfteurDePoHtrincoMrty feeing there great afTembly of Sauagcs, came aQiore, and to giuc them fome terrour , made to march before him one of his men, fldUrifhiqg with two naked fvvords. Whereat they much wondred , but yet much morevvhcn they faw that our Muskets did pierce thickcpeeces of wood, where their arrowes could not fo much as fcratch. And therefore they neueraflailed our men, as long a$ they kept watch. And it had beene good to found the Trumpet at euery houres cnd,as Captaine lames ^^rtier6\A» For (as Mon" fiettr DeToHtrincoHrt doth often fay ) One mufl neutrUie bait for theeues , meaning that one muft neuer giue caufe to an enemy to thinkc that he may furprife you : But one muft alwaies (hew that he is miAruded , and that you arc not afleepe, chiefely when one hath to doe with Sauages> which will neuer fet vponhim that refohitely expefts them ; which was not performed in this placeby them that bought the bargain of their neghgencc very deare, as wc will now tell you. Fifteene daies being expired, the faid Monfieur DePou^ trincoHrt feeing his barke mended^ and nothing remainini^ to be done, but a batch of bread , he went fomc 3 . leagues diftanc within the land, to fee if he might difcouer any fin- gularity : But in his returne he and his men perceaued the Sauages running away thorow the woods in diuers troupes of 20. ^o. and more J fomo bowing themfclups ai men that would not be fcene : others hiding themfelues m the graflc not to be perceiued : others carrying away their ftufFe, and Canowes full of corne , for to betake them to their heeles : Belides the women tranfporting their children , and fuch ftufFe as they could with them. Thofeadlions gaue caufe ?o Mon^eur De Poutrincourt to thinkc that this people did plot plot fomc bad cntcrprifc. Therefore being arrlucd he com- manded his people, which were a making of bread, tore- tire thcmfelues into their Barke. But as yong people doc often forget their duty , thefe hauing fome cake , orfuch hkc thing, to make, had rather follow their hkeriOi appc< titc, than to doe that which was commanded them, taried till nidit without retirina; thwnfelues. About midnight AfonJietirDe Foutrinconrt thinkingvpon that which had pafled the day before, didaske whetherthey wcreinthc barkc ; and hearing they were not, hefcnt thellialoupc vnto them, to command and bring them aboord , where- to they di{obaied,excepthis Chamberlain, who feared his matter. They were fine, armed with muskets and fwords, which were warned to ftand ftill vpon their guard,and yet (being negligent) made not any watch, fo much were they addifted to their owne wils. The report was,that they had before (hot ofFcwo muskets vpon the Sauages,bicaufc that fome one of them had ftolne a hatchet. Finally, thofe Sa- uages, either prouoked by that , or by their bad nature, cameat the breakeof day without any rioife ( which was very eafie to them , hauing neither horfes , waggons nor wooddcn-fiiooes ) euen to the place where they were a- (leepc : And fcemgafit opportunity to play a bad parr, they fet vpon them with {hots of arrowes, and clubs, and killed two of them. The reft being hurt began to crie out, running towards thefea flioare. Then hee which kept watch within the barke, cried out all affrighted, O Lord ! our men are killed , our men are killed. At this voice and cry, euery one rofe vp, and haftily, not taking Icafure to fit on their cloathes , nor to fet fire to their matches , ten of them went into the (haloupjwhofe names I do not remem- ber, but of C^/u Pont his fonne) DanielHay, the Chirurgion, the Apo^ thecary, and the Trumpeter : All which (following the faid Monjleur DePoutrmcourty who had his fonne with him ) came aUnd vnarmcd. But the Sauagcs ran away as faft 203 Yong men difobcilicnt.- Manfteur De ToutrittCQHTtS care. DifobcdU cnce. Murther done by the Saua- gcs. ir'^ Succour, y V, io4 Veutero. ii, Indies 7.8. ^rmouchiquok be fm{t. The burying of the dead. Conipiracy. fad as cucr tlicy coulcl,thoug'n they wcrcabouc three hun- dred , bcfidcs them that were hidden in the grade (accor- ding to their cuftomc) which appeared nor. VVheuinis to be noted how Godfixeth, 1 know not what terror in the face of the faithful!, againft infidels and mifcreants, accor- ding to his facrcd word, when he faith to his chofcn peo- ple : NoncPhilbe able tojland beforeyoH. TheLordyoftr God pjall put ^crrottr and fear e of you oner all the earth ^ vpoft jvhichjoHjhaH march. So we fee that 135 coo. Madiamtes, able fighting men, ran away and killed one another before Cif^^r^^Wjwhich had but 3 co. men. Now to thinke to follow after thefe Sauages , it had bcenc but labour loft , for they are too f.vift in running : But if one had Horfes there, they might pay them hpme very foundly, for they haue a num- ber of fmall paths, leading from one place to another (which is not m Port Royall) and their woods atcnotfo chicke, and haue befides ftore of open land . Whileft that Monfienr De Poutrincottrt was comming afliorc, there was (hot from the Barke feme fmall caft pee- cesvpon fome Sauages, that were vpon a little hill, and fome of them were feene fall downc, but they be fo nimble in fauing their dead men, that one knew not what iudge- ment to make of it. The fard AfoftfteftrdePontrittco/irtjiec^ in^ he could gctnothing by purfuing of them, caufed pits to DC made to bury them that were dead, which 1 haue faid to be two , but there was one that died at the vvaters fide, thinking to fauehimfelfe, and a fourth man which wasfo forely wounded with arrow iliots , that hee died being brought to Port Royall 5 the fifth man had an arrow ftick- inginhisbreft, yet did fcapc death for thattime ; But it hadbeenc better he had died there : for one hath lately rolde vsthat he was hanged in the habitation thsLzAIoft- fieHrBeMonts maintainethat iT^^^ci^ in the great riuetof Canada, hauing beene the author of a confpiracy made a- gainft his Captainc Monfieur Champleiny which is now there* And as for this mifchiefeit hath beene procured by . the 2^ui Frmcla. the folly and difobedienceof onciwhomlwillnot name, bccaufehe died there, whoplaicdthe cocke and ringlea- der atnongthe yong men that did too lightly bclcciie him, which othcrwife wereof aieafonable goodnature ; and becaufeone would not make him drunke, he fwarc (accor- ding to his cuftomc) that hee would not icturne into the Barke, which alfo came topade. For the iVIfciamcvvas found dead, his face on the ground, hauing a little dogge vpon his backc , both of them fliot together, and pierced ihorow with one and the felfefame arrow. In this bad occurrence, UMopiJicHr Dh Pcnts SonnCyZ- boue named, had three of his fingers cut off, with a Ipluit of a musketjwhich being oucr charged did bui ft, which trou- bled the company very much, char was afflj fled enough by other occafions : Neuerthelcllethe laftdutic towards the dead was not neglcfted, which were buried at the foot of the Crofle that had beene there planted as is before faid. But the infolencie of this Barbarous people was great, af- ter the murthersby them committed •, for that as our men did fingouer our dead men, the funerall feruice and praiers accuftomed in the church , thefe raskals, I fay, did dance and howled afar off, rcioycing for their traitcrous treche- rie, and therefore, though they were a great number, they aduentured not thcmfelues to come and alTaile our people, who, hauing at their leafurc done what we haue faidbe- forc, bccaufe the fca waxed very low , retired thcmfelues vntothe Barke , wherein remained Afofj/tenrChampdore, for the gard thereof But being low water, and hauing no meanestocome aland,this wicked generation cameagainc to the place where they had committed the murthcr, pul- led vp the CrolTejdigged out and vnburied one of the dead corps, cookeaway hisfliirt, and put it on them, (hewing their fpoiles that they had carried away : Andbchdesall this, turningtheir backes towards the Barke, did caft fand with their two hands betwixt their buttockes inderifion, howling like woolucs : which did maruclloufly vex our O people, 105 LeAud compa. ric cal^rth away. R:flj oarkcs 1.1 he fomc- tmifscficct to .he coftj of ihcfwea- rcrj. Accidenthya Muskec buiR. The infolen- cie of the Sauagcs. Thctimo- rouihclle of tJieSau3gcs. The impiety of the Sana* gcs. it f '4 people, which fpared no caft peeccs (hots at them jbut the diftancc was very great,ancl they had already that fubtilty as to call thcmfelucs on the ground when they faw the tire putatir, infiichfort thatonc knew not whether they had bcenehurtorno, fo that our men were forced, mil or will, to drinke that birter potion, attending for the tide, which being come, and fufficicnt ro carry them aland , as foonc as they (aw our men enter into the llialowp, they ran away The Sauagcs as fwifc a$ gray-hounds , trufbngthemfelues onthcjragi- fli^'t. Jjcie. There was with our men a .y^^/z^wc;/ named 4^^/;/^//- f h*^s"r^^ ^//», rpoken of before, who much difliked their prankes, nxoiSthhH. • and would alone goe andfi^ht againftall this multitude, iM. but they would not permit hmi ,ro they fetvp the Crollc agame with reuerencc , and the body which they had digged vp was buried againc , and they named this Port, Port Fortune. Port Fortune, The next day they hoifed vp failcs, to pafTe further and difcouernew lands, but the contrary winde conflrained them to pur backe, and to comcagamc into the faid Port. The other next day after , they attempted againc to goc farther, but in vaine,and they were yet forced to putbackc vntill the winde fliould be Bt. During thcfc attempts, the Sauages (thinking, Ibeleeue, that chat which had paf- fed betweene vs was but a icft and a play ) would needs come againc familiarly vnto vs,and offered to truck, diffcmblingthat they were not them ihatliad doncthofc villanies, but others, which, they faid, wercgoneaway. But they were not aware of the fable , how the Stcrke be- ing taken among the Cranes , [which were found doing fomedamraagc, waspunifLed as the others, notwithflan- ding (lie pleaded that llie was fo far from doing any harme, tha: contrari wife ihe did purge the ground froni Serpents , which fhe did cat. AIonficHr De Potitnncourt then fufFered Thefhellcsof ^^^^ ^^ approch , and made as though he would accept roorhcr ot of chcir warcs, which wereTabacco,Carkenets and bracc- pe:.rUs. Icts made With the flicls of afiili called Fignanx (and Sfur- NcUiTraneta. io-» Rcucngc, gni by lames jS^mier in the difcoucry of his fccond voy- age) of great eftccmc ainongthcm : Item of their Corn*. ^. beanes, Dowcs, arrowes, quiucrs , and other fmalltralli. Andas thefociety wasrciuied thefaid tofttr$»court com* Stratflgctn, manded to nine or ten that were with him, to make the matches of their Muskets round, Hkc to around fnarc,and that when he (hould glue a ligne, euery one lliould cad his firing vpon the Sauagcs head that (hould be neerc hiiTi,and fliould catch him, euen as the hangman doth With him that he hach in hand : Andfortheeft'e£^ingof this, thathalfc of his people fhould goe aland , whileuthe Sauagcs were fcufie a trucking in the flialoup : which was done •, but the execution was not altogether according to his dcfire. For he intended to feruehimfelfe with them that (hould be ta- ken, as of flaues to grind atthe hand-mill and to cut wood; wherein they failed by ouer much hallc.Neuertheleirc fix orfeuen of them were cutinpceces, which could notfo well run in the water as on the land, and were watched ac the pa(rage, by thofe of our men that were aland. That done, the next day they indcuored to goe farther* although the winde was not good, but they went but a lit- tle forward , and faw onely an Hand fix or fcuen leagues off, to which there was no meanes to come, and it was csA' XcALUedoHteufey thedoubtfulllle, which being confide- tiUdmtu red, and that ofone fide the want of viftuals was to be fea« red , and of the other that the winter might hinder their courfc, and befides they had two ficke men,of whom there was no hope ofrecouery 5 counfell being taken it was re- folued to returnc into Port Roy all : Monpeur DePoHtrin- r(?»rrbefides all this, being yet in care for them whom he had left there, fo they came againe for the third time into Port Fortufte, where no Sauage was feene. Vpon the firft winde,the faid Monfieur De Poutrinco.. rt weighed anker for the returnc , and being mind full of the danger jpalTed he failed in openfea : which ihortned his courfe, but not without a great mifchiefc of the rudder, O 2 which n V Refoiution for the rc- tiunc. Their re» turnc. Pcrill. io3 ft': \i' ii MtliAM, PcriU. A very fvtifc euiTCiic. Perill. Dcut. ji.ver. 39. Cioo<} conii- dciauons. wfiicli was againe broken : infuch fort that being ae the mercy of the wanes, they arriuccl in thccnd,as well as thcr could amongijicllandsol A^<^rth, bet ween e S. Croix and Port Rojiali, where they raricd for the windc, which being come fonicwhat fauourablc, parting from thence new mifciiances happened. For tlie ihaloup being tied atthe Barkc, was (Iricken with a fen fo rougiily, that with her nofc, fliee brake all the hindci part of the faid barkcjwhcrein Monfteur D c P oHtrtmokrt and others were. And moreouernot beingabletogetto thepailageof the faid Port Roy all, the tide (which runfttth fwittly inthat place) carried them towards the hottotnoi Bay Frar.^oijet from whence they came not foorth eafily , and they were in as great danger as euerthcy were before, for as much as fcckingto returne from whence they came,they faw them- fclues carried with the windcaud tide towards the Coady which is high rocket and downe fales, where, vnleflc they had doubled a certaine point that threatned them of wrakc they had beene caft away. But God will , in high cnter- prifcs , trie the conftancy of them that fight for his name, and fee ifthey will wauer : He bringeth them to the doorc of dcath,and yet holdcih them by the hand,to the end they fall not into the pit,a$ it is written : It us I^it u /, andthere is none other God with me, J kiJL nnd make dime : J wound, and 1 he ale : and there isnohody that may deliuerany out of my hand. So we haue faid heerctoforc, and feene by cffeft, that althou2;h in thofe Nauisiations a thoufand danglers haue prcfcntcd themfelues, notwithdandingnot one man hath beene loft by the fea, although that of them, which doc onely go for filliing, and to trade for skins, many there be that perilli there : witneflc foure hllicr men of S. Afalof, that were fwallowed vp in the watcrs,bcing gone afifhing, when as we were vpon our returne into France : God be- ing willing that ws (hould acknowledge to hold this be- nefk Nfittd FrMHcia* lo^ ncfit of him , and to manifcfl by that meancs his glory, to the ctd chat fcndbly men may lee that it is he, vs hich is the author of chefe holy enterprifcs, wliich are not made ofco- uctoiuiies,noi by vniudeffufionof blood, butofazcalcto cflaL'iili his name and his greatncfTe among nations that haue no knowledge of him. Now after fo many heauenly - fauoiirs , it is the part of them th«it haue receiued thcm> to fay as the Kingly Pftlmifi, well beloued of God : Tft fieuertheleffe by tky right handthoH hotdfi me cuerfajl : pfjj^ -. y^^^ yirid with thy coHmJelt doft me guide t o glory at t he lafl, » 3 • » 4 • JVhAt thifjg is there that I can mjh but thee m Heaucn aboue ^ And in the Earth there is nothing Uke thee that I can loue. After many perils ( which I will not compare to tl>em of Vlyjfes^rxox otiy£neas , fearing to defile our holy voya- ges with piophane impurity ) LMonJieur De PsHtrin- Theaniuall ^(»«r^ arriued in Port Royallthc 14. day of Nouembcr, l[^,l^[ZT where we receiued him ioyfuily, and with a folemnity al- together new in that part. For about the time that we ex- pe^ed his rccurne (with great defire, and that fo much the ipore, that if any harmehad happened him, we had beene in danger to haue confliHon among our felues) laduifcd my fclfc to (hew feme iollity going to meet him, as wc did. And for as much as it was in French verfes made in hafle,! haue placed them with the LMu/es ofNoua Francia by the t\dco[ Nep tunes Theavery whereunto 1 refer the Reader. Moreouer to giue greater honour to the rcturnc, and to our a^^ion , wc did place ouer the gate of our Forr, the Armei of France , enuironed with Laurcll Crownes ( whereof there is great flore along the woods fides) with the Kings psefie , Duo pr^tegit vnm. And vnder , the Armes of LMonJieur DeUMonts , with this infcription, DabitDew his cfuoquefincm : A nd thofe of Aionjieur D e T* outrinccurt ^ with this ocher infcription, InuiavirtutinuUa efi viHjho^ ofthemaifo enuironcd with garlands of Bayes. o 3 Chap. 1X9 Mfi4 Frdmia^ The ftate of Come. Coales. Thcvfeofthe compafle in land voiagcs. The inftituti- on of the or- der of Jifon . ^ ^ Chap. XVl. The condition of the come which they [owed : the inflitHtion of the order of Bon temps : the hehamour of the Saaages among the Frenchmen : t he fiat e of winter : why mines and foggcs be rare in this feafon : whyrame is frequent hetweenc the tro" picks : fnow profitable tot he ground : t he fiat e of January : conformity of weather in the ancient and New France : JVhy thejpring inflow : the tilling of gardens : their Crop : a water Mill: a Manna of Herrings : preparation for thereturne : Monfieur Dc Poutrincourts innenuon : the Sanages admiration: Newes from France, THc publike rcioycing being ^t\\{)citAiU\fonfieur De 'Foutrincourt had a care to fee his cornc, the greatefl part whereof he had fowcd two leagues ofFfrom our Fort, vp the riuer V Squille : and the other part about our faid Fort : and found that which was firll fowen very for- ward, but not the lad, that had beene fowed the (ixth and ten daics of Nouember, which notwithftanding did grow vnder the fnow, during Winter, as I haue noted it in my fowings.lt would be a tedious thing to particularife all that was done amongftvs during Winter : as to tell how the faid LMonfeurDe Tontrincourt caufcd many times coales to be made , theforge-coale being fpcnt : That he caufed waics to be made ihorow the woods : That we went tho- rowtheForeftsby the guide of the Compafle, and other thing^i of fuch nature. But I will relate that, for to keepe vs merry and cleanly, concerning vi£luals,therevvas an or- der eftabliflied at the table of the faid C^fonfieurDePou- trincourtt which was named L or dredebon temps , the or- der of good time(or the order of mirth) at firft inuented by Monfienr Champlein, wherein they (who were of the fame table) !T^ua FrAttcla. tabic) were cucry one athisturnc and day (which was in fifceene dales once) Steward and Cater. Now his care was that we fliould haue good and vvorOiipfuH fare, which was £b well obferued , that (although the Belly-Cjodsofthcfc parts doe ofccn reproch vnto vs that we had not La Rne attx Ours of PiJris with vs) we haue ordinarily had there, as good chcare as we could haue at La Rue aux Onrs^ and at farre lefler charges. For there was none, but (two daics before his turne came) was carefulltogoc ahuntingor fifii- ing, and brought fome dainty thing, befides that which wasof ourordu)aryallov\iance. So well, thatatbreakfaft we neuer wanted fome modicum or other, of fifli or flefh : and at thcrepaft of dinners and fuppers. yetlefTcj for it was the great banquet , where the Gouernour of the feaft, or Steward(whomthe Sauages doe {.^X^Ato^legt) hauing made the Cooke to make all things ready, did march with his napkin on his (houlder , and his (laffe of office in his hand , with the colar of the order about his neckc, which was worth abouc fourc crownes , and all them of the order following of him, bearing cuery one a difli. The like alfo was at the bringing in of the fruit, but not with fo great a traine. And at night after grace was faid , he refigned the Colar of the order, with a cup of wine , to his fucceflor ii^ that charge,and they dranke one to another. I haue heerc- tofore faid that we had abundance of fowle, as Mallards, Outardsy Geefe, gray and whit, Partrigesand other birds: hemyofElians (or ttaggcflefh) o{ Caribous (or Deere) Be- uers, Otters, Beares, Rabbets, Wilde-cats ( or Leopards) JVihaches^nd fuch like, which theSauages did take, wher- with we made as good diflics of meac , as in the Cookcs ftiops that be in Larue anx Ours (Bearc ftrect ) and grea- ter (lore; for of all meates none is fo tender as ElLws^t(h (whereof we made good parties) nor fo delicate as the Bc- ucrs tailc. Yea we haue had fometimes halfe a dofen Stur- gionsatoneclap, whichthcSauagcs did bring to vs, part whereof we did take, pay ingfor it , and the reft was pcr- V* naittcd III Lti 1{ue aux O«ri,or Bcarc fhcctjis, as Pic-corner, or filch a Cooke place in London, I ,:' Store of Suir- gions. XI3 Npuj Trdnch. Before ih th9 Sauagcs. mittcd tlicmto fell publikdy , and to inick it for bread, whereof our people had abundantly. And as for theor- dinaric meat brought out of France, that was d)ftribiJtcd equally, as much to the Icaft as to the biggcft. And the like with wine, as we hauefaid. In fuch aftions wc had al- vvaics 20.or30. Sauages, men, women, girles and boics, The vfage of who beheld vs doing our offices. Bread was giucnthera gratis y as we doe hcere to tlie poore. But as for the Saga^ mas McmhertoH and ot'her SAgamos (when any came to vs) th:y fat attable eating and drinkingas we did : aud wc tooke pleafure in feeing thcni,as contranwifc their abfcncc was irkcfome vnto vs : as it came to pafle three oi fourc times that all went away to the places where they knew that game and Vcnifon was , and brought one of our men with thcm^wholiued feme (ix weekes as chey did without fait, without bread and without wine, lying on the ground vpon skinnes , and that in fnowy weather. Moreouer they had greater care of him ( as alfo of others that haue o/- tengone with them) thanof thcmfelues, faying, that if they ihould cliance to die, it would be laid to their charges to haue killed them : Andheerebyitmaybeknowcnthat wc were not(as it were)pent vpin an Hand as Monfienr Di Vf/legagrtonviSiS in BraflL For this people louc Frenchmen, and would all, at a neede^ arme themfelues for co maintainc them. • But, to vfe no digreffion, (uch goucmmcnt as wc haue fpokcn of, did ferue vs for preferuatiues againd the coun- try difeafe. And yet fourc of oursdied in February and Marchjof them who were of a fretful conditio, or fluggifli. And I remember I obfcrued that all had their lodgings on the Weft fide J and looking towards the wideopen Port, which is almoft foure leagues long, fhapcd oualc-wife, bc- fides they bad , all of them , ill bedding. For theformcr iickneflcs , and the going away of MonftturDH Ponty in that maner as we haue faid, caufcd the quilt beds to be caft away , for they were rotten . And they that went with the faid The Sauages haue care o£ ihe French- men. Mortality. Bad windc. ('■ N0UA Francid. faid MonpeHr Du Pont carried away the (heeces and blan« kecs, challenging them as theirs. So that fome of our peo- ple had fore mouthes,and fwoUen legges,like to the phhi' JtqHes : which is the fickncflc that God fcnt to his people In the deferr, in punifhment for that they would fill chcm- felues with flefh , not contenting themfelues with that whereof the dcfertfumiflied them by the diuine proui- dence. We had faire weather almod during all the Winter. For neither raincs nor foggcs are (o frequent there as hcere, whether it be at fea or on the land : Therea{onis,becaufe the Sunne bcames, by the longdiftance,haue not the force toraife vp vapours from the ground heere , chiefely in a country all woody. But in Summer it doth , both from the fea and the land, when as their force is augmented, and thofe vapours are difToIued fuddenly or flowly, according as one approcheth to the Equino^ial line. For we fee that bet wcene the two Tropiques it raincth in more abundance both at fea and on the land, fpecially in Peru and Mexico, than in JfricA , becaufe the Sunne by fo long fpace of fea, hauing drawcn vp muchmoiftnes from themaine Ocean, hee diilolueth them in a moment by the great force of his heat; where contrariwife towards the New found lands they maintaine themfelues along time in the aire, before they be turned into raine or be difperfed : which is done in Summer (as we hauefaid) and not in winter : and at fea more than on the land. For on theland the morningmifls ferue foradew, and fall about eisht a clocke : and at fea they dure two , three, and eight daies , as oftentimes wee haue tried. Seeing then wee are fpeaking of Winter, wee fay that raines being in thofe parts rare^ inthatfeafon , the Sunne likcwifc (hineth there very faire , after the fall of fnowes, which we haue hadfeuen or eight times, but itiscafily melted in open places, and the longed abiding haue beene in February. How fo cuer it be, the {now is very profita- P blc ix|i ThtUfitt] Numberi.ii. vcrf. J 3. and Pfalm. iq6, verf. If, Theftateof Winter wca« ther. Why raines and miflsbe fcarfe in win- ter. Whyitrai, nethbctweea the Tr9fifHh II h Snow is pro-; fuable. *I4 PHil. 147. 1 vcrHi^. ■J 1 jISeSB 1 Fiofts when i; they are. i IImWB 1 1 The ftatc of lanuary. 1 1 ,1''' i Conformity J of weather in 1 Eaftand i WeftFiance. a f m ifi il 1 M Wherefore is ^ thefeafon 3 late. blc for the fruits of the cardi , to prefenic them againft the froft, and to feruc them as a fur-govv»c. Whic h is done by the admirable proiiidenccof Godforthc prcfcruation of men, and as the Pfahne faith, HcginethSiiowlikewoollihorefrofi Like afhes he doth ^read^ Like morfels cafts his Ice* And as the skie is fcldome couered with clouds towards New found landes in Winter time, (o are there morning froftes, which doe increafe in the end of lanuary, Februa- ric and in the beginning of March , for vntillthe very nmc of lanuarie, we kept vs (lill in our dublets : And I remem- ber that ona Sunday,thc 14. day of that Moneth,in the af- tcrnoone,wc fported our fehie:s finging in mufike vpon the riuer L'Eqmlle, and in the fame moncth we went to fee the Cornetwo leagues off from ourfbrt,and did dine merily in the Sunn-(hine : Iwould not for all that fay, that all other yearcs weie like vnio this. For as that winter was as mildc inthefepartSjthcfelali Winters of the yeares 1607.1608. hauc becne the hardeft that euer was feene3it hath alfo been a like in thofe countries, in fuch fort chat many Sauages di- ed through the rigor of the weather , as in rhcfe our parts many poore people 6c crauellers haue been killed through the fame hardnelfe of Winter weather. But I will fay, thai the yeare before we were in New France , the Winter had not bcene fo hard, as they which dwelt there before vs haue ceftilied vnto me. Let this (V.fEcc for that which conccrncth the winter fea- fon. But I am not yet fully farisfied infearching the caufe, why in one and the felfcfamc parallel! the feafon is in thofe parts oFNew Fianccmoreflowbyamoneth thaninthcfe parts, and the leaues appcare not vpon the trees butto- wards the end of the Moneth of May : vnlcde we fay that the thicknelVe of the woods and greatnelleof Forrcfts doc hinder the Sunnc from warming of the ground : Item, that the country where we were is ioyningto the fea, and ther- u * by he by of by more fubic£l to cold, as participating of Pf^/;^, a conn- / try likcwifc cold, in regard of v^/r;V^ : And bcfidcs that, this land hauing nciicr bccnc tilled is the more dan^pjfh, the trees and plants not being able cafily to draw fapliun their mother the earth. In rccompcncc vvhcrtol: the Winter there is aI(o more flow , as weehaue heeretoforc fpoken. The cold being pafTed, about the end of March the beft Drefling of difpofcd amongU vs ftriiied who fhould btft till the gardens, ground , and make gardens , tofow in them , and gather fruits thereof. Which was to very good purpofe , for we found great difcommodity in the Winter for want of gar- den hearbcs. When euery one had done his fowing> it was Good crop a maruelious plcafure in feeing them daily grow and fpring ^^°"^ ^^c vp, and yet greater contentment to vfe thereof fo abun- S*^®"*^"* dantl y as we did : fo that this beginning of good hope made vs almofl to forget our natiue country,and efpecially when the fifli began to haunt frefli- water, and came abun- dantly, into ourbrookes,in fuch innumerable quantity that ^cl!" we knew not what to doe with it. Which thing when I ^ ^*' confitlsr, I cannot wonder enough how it is pcfible that they which hauebecnc inFlor'tda haue fufFercd fo great famir.s, confidering the temperature of the aire, which is there, aUnofl:, without Winter.and that their famine began in the moneths of April,May and Iune,wherein they could want for no tifli. Whilcft feme laboured on the ground, Mon^eurDe xhc care of Poutrincourt madefome buildings to be prepared, for to MonfiturVt lodge them which he hoped (hould fuccced vs. And con- "P'^trmcouA fidering how troublcfome the hand-mill was , he caufcd a f",? [^"^f ,h^j water mill to be madc,which caufed the Sauagcs to admire fl^ould come much at it For indeed it is an inuention which came not in- c.frcr him. to the fpir it of men from thefirft ages. Afr.erthac,oui work- The building men had much red , for the moft part of the m did almoft ^[,Ji^^^"* nothing. But I may fay thut this Mill, bythediligcnceof our Millers, did furnifh vs with three times more Herrings P 2 then $a. 1' ii6 Abundance of Herrings. Filchers. Preparation for there- turnc. Great oueN fight. Ttutrinceurt hisinuention. Bricks made in New France. then waf nccdfull vnto vs for our fuftcnancc, Monpeur DePoHtrlncoHrt maclctwo Hogflicads full of them to bcc faltcd, and one hogfliead of Sardmes, or Pilchcrs to bring into France for a (hew, which were IcftinourreturncatS. tMaloes, to fome Merchants. Among all thefe things thefaid AfortJieurDePoHtrirtn f • • -s. • • • . . * ; '• • ••* . '- •■ Chap, XVII. The mrtHnltpfthe Trench : Monficur Dc Monti hUfocietji U hrokfrt, andwhy : the conetou/neffe of them that doe rob the dead : bonfires for the natimty of the Duke of Orleans : th^ de^ toting of the S an ages to goe to warres : Sagamos Mcmbcr- tou I voyages vpon the coaft : ^rf^Fran^oilc: bafe trafficke : thetowneofOmgoHdi : how the Sastagcj doe make great voyages : their bad intention : afieele L^fine : The voyces of Sea woolnes or Seales : the fiat e of the lie S, Croix : the hue of the Sauages towards their children : there' tftrne into Port RoyalL T' He Sunnc did but begin to chccrc the earth , and to behold his MiClreswith an amorous afpe£): , when the Sagamos MembertouidSttx our praicrs fclemnely madeto God, £nd the break-falt diftributed to the people, according to the cuftom)camc to giuc vs aduertifment that he had fcene a faile vpon the lake, which came towards oiH Fort. At this ioy full newcs cuery one went out to fee, but yet none was found that had fo good a fight as he, though hebeaboue loo. yeercsoldj neucrthelclle we fpiedvcry foonc what ir was, AfQnfienrDePoHtrincotirtyCz.wic^ in all diligence thcfmall Barketo be made ready for to goe to view further. LMonfie*jr De Champ • dore and Darnel Hay went in her, and by the fi^ne chat ha d beene told them, be- ing certaine that they were friends,they made prefently to be charged foure Canons & i2.fawkonnets,to falucechem that came fo far to fee vs. They on their part didnotfailc in beginning the ioy, 6c to difchaige their peeces,to whom they rendered the like with vfury. It was ondlyafmall barkc vnder the charge of a yong man of Saint Maloes, xiTi- mtdrheifcfJier, who being arriued at the Fort, deliuered his letters to Ul^^onfienr De Poutrincourt, which were read publikely. V Mud Frdncld. publikcly. They did write vntohim, tliatfortohclpcto iaue the charges of the voyage, ihei"hip (being yet the /o- na^) fhould ftay dtCampfeati Port,thcie to fjfliTor Coddes, byreafonthac the Merchants aflociatewith Monfieur De Monts y knew not that there was anyfifliing farther than that place ; Not withftanding if it were neceflary he ilioiiid caiilc the lliip to come to Port Royall. Moreouer, that the fociety was broken , becaufe that contrary to the King his Eduft, thcHolIanders,condu£ledbyatraiterous French- man, called La lennejfey had theyeare before taken vp the Beiicrs and other Furrcs, of the great riuerof Canada -^z thing which did turne to the great dammage of the Socic- tie , whicli for rhatcaule could no longer furnjfh thechar- gcs oi the vnhabiting in thefe parts, as it had done in times paft. And therefore did fend no body for to remaine there, after vs. As we receaued icy to feeour aflured fuccour^wc felt alfo great grief e to fee fo faire and fo holy an enterprifc broken : That fo many labours and perils pad fhould feme to no effect : and that the hope of planting the name of God and theCatholike faith (hould vanifti away. Not- withftanding, after that Monfieur ^e Poutrwceurt, had a long while mufed heereupon, hefaid, that although he fhould hauc no body to come with him , but onely his fa- mily, he would not forfake the enterprife. i< ^» It was great griefc vnto vs to abandon (without hope of returne ) a land that had produced vnto vs fo faire Corne, and foraany faire adorned gardens. All that could be done vnrill chat time,wa3 to finde out a place, lit to make a fctled dweilirig,and a land ofgood fertility. And that beingdone, it was great want of coura2;e to giue ouer the enterprife, for another yeare being pafTcd, the necefficy of maintaining an habitation there, Lbouldbe taken away , for the land was fufEcient toyeeld things neceflary for life. This was the caufc of that griefe which pierced the hearts of rhcm which were delirous to fee the Chr.ftian Religion eflablifhed in that country. But on the contrary , Monfieur D e MontSy 119 "The cotcnts "of the letters " VYfitttn to "Monftcur Ve i€ te " The Socic. '* ty oUlonfi^ ^^ eur De Montt " brokcn,and *«v\hy. ct ** Cr cc (C Monfieur Dt ToutrittCOHrt. his refolu- tion. The Englifh nation going to Virginia with a lea- lous intent to plant true re- ligion and ib to incrca/c Chriftsblef. fed flocke,no doubt he will be their lea- der. 110 itttnlUMrDt Monti i$ cn« uied. Robbing Iromthc dead. t .• mr; '" I ft 't r If and his a(rociatcs,reaping no bcncfit,but lofTc^and hauiilg no heipe from the King , it was a thing which they could not doe^but with much difficulty to maintaine an habitati- on in thofc parts. Now this enuy for the trade of Beuers with the Sauages^ found not onely place in the Hollanders hcaits, but alio in French Merchants , in fuch fort that the priuiledge which had beene giuen to the faid Monjieur Ds Afonts for ten y eares , was reuoked. The vnfatiable auarice of men is a (Irange thing , which haue no regard to that which is ho- ned,- fo that they may rifle and catch by what mcanes foe- uer. And thereupon I will fay moreouer, that there haue beene fome of them that came to that country to fetch vs home, that wickedly haue prefumedfo much as toHrip thedead, and Ileale away the Beuers, which chofepoore people doe put, for their lad benefit, vponthem whom they bury , as we will declare more at large in the booke following. A thing that maketh the French name to be o- dious, & worthy difdain among them,which haue no fuch fordid e quality at all, but rather hauing a heart truly noble The Sauascs and generous, hauing nothing in priuate to themfelucs,but beef aaoblc rather all things common, and which ordinarily doe pre- ■*""ic. fcnt gifts(and that very liberally,according to their ability) to th^m whom they loue and honor. And beddcs this mif- chiefe, it came to pafle that the Sauages, when that we were at CampfeaHt killed him that had fhewed them the Sepulchers oftheir dead. I need not to nlleage heerc what if(Prtf^^(;rtf recitcth of the vile bafencfle of King D^ir/Wjwho thinking to haue caught the old one in the ned(as faith the prouerbc ) that is to lay, great treafures , in the Tombe of Th« fairc dc- Semirdmts, Q^ieene of the Bahylonians, went away altoge- ceitoiScw»- ther confounded, as wife as he came thither, hauing found r4mw. inita writing, altogether contrary to the firft hee had ' read, which rebuked him very iharply for his auarice and wickednefTc. Let vs returns to our forowfull newes, and to the griefe thereof. V ► thereof. tMonfteur De Poutrincourt haulng propounded to fome of our company, whether they would tarry there forayeare, eight good fellows offered themfelues, who werepromifed chat euery one of chem ihould haue a hogf- head of wine, and corne lufficiently for one yeare, but they demanded fo great wages that they could notaeree. So re- folution was taken for the returne. Towards the euening weemade bonfires for thenatiuityofmy Lord the Duke oiOrleAns^ and began afreOi to make our Canons and fal- conets to thunder outj accompanied with ftore of Musket ftiots, hauing before fungfor that purpofe,7yM to the late dcccafcd Monfieur Le Marquis de Pifkni Whi ch made tlicm like very well of our company : for there was but Cider well watrcd , in the (hip wherein they came, for their ordinary portion. But as for the faid Che- uahcr, euen che very firft day he fpakc of a returnc, A/on- Jlenr De PoHirmcourt kept him feme eight daics in dslaics, at the end whereof, this man willing to goc away, the iaid ChfHaUerf brnJ LMonfieur De'PcHtrincourt putmeninhis Barkc, andde- fp.eihcs tola tai ned him, for fomc report, thathchadfaid, that being v'piHtrirt. come CO Campfean, he would hoifc vp fades andlcauevs €Okrt, there. J Fifccene dales after, the faid LMonfeur De 1^ outrincoun fent a barke to Campfeatiy with part of our workmen, for to beginto pull downc the houfe. Inthebcginningof lune The Sniiges the Sauages, about 400. in number, went away tVomthe goc to the dwelling that the S alamos Membertou had newly made,in wants. forme ofa rowne, compafTed about wit'i high pales, for to goe to wars againft the iy4rmoHchtqHois,\N\\\c\\ was at (^ho" uakoet fome 80. leagues diftant from Port Royall 5 from whence they returned victorious , by the (Iratagems which I will declare in the difcription that I haue made of this warin French verfes. The Sauages were necrc two moneths m the alTembling thefefcUies thither. The great Sagamos Membertou had made them to be warned during, and before the Winter, bailing fent vnto rhem men of pur- pofe,namely his two fonnes ABAudin^viA A^aHdinech, to appoint them there the randez-uous , or place of meeting. What man This Sagamos is a man already very old, and hath feene MmbmoH is. C^n^t^Awz lam'^s ^l^rtier 'mr\\2iz couv\tiy ^ at which time he wasalready married and had children, and notwithftan- ding did not feeme to be ubouc^o. yearesold. * He hath beene a very great warrier in his yong age , and bloody during his life : which is the caufe why hee is faid to haue many enemies, and he is very glad to keepchimfelfeneere the French men, to hue in fccurity. During this gathering ofpeople, icbchooued to make prefents vnto him, and gifts ^ I K0UA Trmu. gifts of Cornt atidBeancs, vcaoffoinebarellof wine, to tcaft his friends. For he declared to Monftenr De Pofttri/t- court in thcfc words : I am the Savamos of this country , and am cllccmed to be thy friend, ancf of all the Normands (for focall they the French men, aslhauefaid) and that you make good reckoning of me : Itwouldbeareproch vnto me if 1 did not llicw the cflfefts of this louc. Aiid notwith- ftanding, whether it be through cnuie, or othcrwife, ano- ther Sag(imos^x\?imt6L Shkoudun, who was a good friend to the French, and vnfained, reported vnto vs , that-^jfw- bertoH did plot fonic thing againllvs, and had made an Oration CO that purpofe. Which being vnderftood by Monfictir Dc PoHtrincGurt , he fent iiiddenly forhinv, to aftonilh h'm, and to fee if he would obey. Vpon thc^ru fending he came alone with our men, not making any rcfu- fali. which was the caufe thathewas permitted to rcturnc backe in peace, hauing firil beene kindly vfed , and had foinebotrellofwinc, which he loucth, becaufe (faith he) that when he hathdninkeofit, hefleepeth well, and hath no more fearenor care. This Membertou told vs, at our firil comming thither, that he would make the King a pre- fenrof his Copper Mine, becaufe he faw we make account of Mines, andthat it is meet that t^tSaqamos be Curteous and liberall one towards the other. For ne, being Sagamos^ eReemeth himfelfeequall to the King, and to all hi:> Lieu- tenants : And did fay often to MonfetirDeToutrincoHrt that he was his great friend,brother,companion and equal, (hewing his cquahty by ioyning the two fingers ot the hand.that be called indices jor dcmonftratiuc fingers. Now although this prefent which he would glue to his Maicffy was a thing that he cared not for, notwithftanding that procccdethfrora a generous and good mindc of his, which dcferucth as great praifes as if the thing had beene ofgrca- ter value. As did the Perfian King, who rccei jed with as good a will a handfull of water from a poore Country man, as the greaccft prefects that had beene made vnto him. For Q^s if "J Mtmhertm his declara. tion. Bad report againlt J^^eM- hertou. Memhtttotu cbcilUfiCc* Memiiftou his liberality. A Copper The Sauages piaifcthem- iclucs. 124 Voyages vp- on the Coail ,of the French Baj. Salmons. AfTcmlrlic of Sauagcs a feaiUng. Filthy tra- cing. towae; i^MemherUH had had more ^ he would haue offered ic Ii« bcrally. "v ■ •• '>*v .- : -y ■ • Monfieur De Poutrincottrt being not willing to dcparc thence, vntill he had fcenctheiffue of his expe5ation,thac is to fay , the ripcneflc of his Corne , he dehberatcd, after that the Sauagcs were gone to wars,to make voyages along theCoad. Audbecaufe C^^W/^r was dcfirous to gather fomeBeiiers, hefenthiminafmallbarke totheRiuerofS. lohn^calledby theSauages, Oiiigoudi, andtothe He Saint Cro;>;Andhe, tlizhiS MonJlcHr DePoHtrincourt, went inafhaloup tothe faid Copper Mine. Iwasofthefaid Cheualier his voyage : we crofTed the French Bay to goc to the faid riuer , where, as foone as we arriued, halfe a do- fen Salmons newly taken, were brought to vs : wefoiour- ned there foure daies , during which, we went into the Cabins oiSa,ga>mos Chkoftdnn , where we faw fome 80. or 1 00. Sauagcs , all naked , except their priuy members, which were a making Tayagy{x\\2S. is to fay, abanquetting) with the mealethat the {siid Chena/ter had trucked with them for their old skinnes full of lice(for they gauc him no- thing but that which they would caft away : ) So made he there a trafficke which I httle praife. But it may be that the odour of lucre is fauory and fweet , of what thing foeuer it be, and the Emperor Ve^aftan did not difdaine to receiuc in his owne hands , the tribute which came vntohim from the piffing vcflcls of Rome. Being among thofe Sauages , the Sagamos Chkoudun would ncedcs giue vs the pltafure, in feeing the order and gefture that they hold going to the warres, and made them all to palTc before vs , which I referue to fpeakc of in the booke following. The Townc of Ouigoudt ( fo 1 call the dwelling of the faid Chkoudnn) was a great inclofure vpoii anhill, compatlcd about with high and, fmall trees, tied oneagaind another,aiid within it many Cabins, great and fmall , one of whic h was as great as a Market hall , wher* in many houlholds retired thcmfclues : And as for the iame ASmm TnncMn fame where they made their T^hagie, it was fomewhac lefTe. A good part of thefaid Sauagcs were of Gachep'e, which is die beginning of the great riuer of C^^^^^fw ; and they told vs, that they came from their dweUing thither in fix daies , which made me much to maruell, feeing the di- flancc that there is by fca, but they (horten very much their waies, and make great voiages by the meanes of lakes and riuers^ac the end of which being come^in carying their Canowes three or foure leagues, they get to other riuers that haue a contrary courfe. Ail thefe Sauagcs were come thither togoe tothewarres with cJ^ifw^^rr«« againft the Butbecaufe I haue fpoken of this riuer of OUigoudii in LMonJiettr DeLMonts voiage, I will not at this time fpeakc more of it. When we returned to our Barke, which was at the commingin ofthe Port, halfe a league oflFfromthcnce, (hcltered by a cauHe that the fea hath made there,our men, and fpecially Captaine Champ-dore , that conduced vs, were in doubt , led feme mifchance ihould happen vnto vs , and hauing feene the Sauages in armes, though tit had bcenc ro doe vs fome mifchicfe, which had beene very ca- fie, for we were but two,and therefore they were very glad of our returne. After which, the next day come the wi- zard or Soorhfaier of that quarter , crying as a mad-man towards our barke . Not knowing what he meant, he was lent for in a Cocke boat, and came ro parly with vs,telling \sr.\\Ui\\zArm§w:hiqHoisvitxc. within the vVoods, which came to adailetliem, and th.it they had killed fome oftheiV folkes that were ahunting : Andtherforethacwefhould come aland toafflft them. Hauing heard this difcourfe, which according to our iudgement, tended to no good, we told him that our iournies were limited, and our visuals alfo, and thatitwasbehouefuU fbrvs to begone. Seeing himfelfe denied , he fa id that before two y eares were come about , they would either kill all theNormands, or that the Normands fhould kill them. Wcc mocked him and Q^3 told 'X»5 GAch^fi is the beginning of the great ri- uer olC^n^t/^. How the Sa* uages doe make great veiages. The fubtilty of an Autmoin or Sauage / Soothfaicr. 1 A Mine of Steele. Mi»4tte* told him that we would bring our Barke before their Fort to ranfacke them all ; but we did it not , for we went away that day : And hauing the winde contrary, we (hekred our feluesvnder a fmalllland, where we were two dales : du^ ring whichjfome went a (hootmg at Mallards for prouilion^ others attended one the Cookery : And Captaine Champa dore and my felfe , went along the rockes with hammers and chifels, feeking if there were any Mines. In doing whereof we found quantity of fteelc among the rockes, which was (ince molten by MonJienrDe PoHtrincoHrt j\^\{o made wedges of it, and it was found very fine fteele, wher- of hee caufedaknifeto bee made, that did cut as a razor » which at our returne he (hewed to the King. From thence we went in three daies to the IleS. Croix ^ being often concraried with thewindes. Andbecaufewe hadabadconie^ure of theSauages, which we did fee in great number, attheriuerof S./o/?;!, and that the troupe that was departed from Port Roy all was yet at LMenane (an He betweene the faid Port Royall and S, Croix) which Go©d watch, we would not ti uft, we kept good watch in the night time: Scales voices. At which time we did often heare Scales voices, which were very like to the voice of O wies : A thing contrarie to the opinion of them that haue faid and written that filhes haue no voice. . Being arriued at the He Saint Croix, we found there the buildings, Lftthtre all whole, fauingthat the Store- houfc was vncouered o^ one fide. We found there yet Sackein the bottome of a pipe , wcreof we drankc y and it was not much the worfc. A$ for gardens,wc found there Coale- worts,Sorrell, Lettuces, which wevfedfor thckitching. We made there alfo good pailiesof Turtle Doues, which are very plentiful! in the woods, butthegrafTe is there fo high that one could not finde them when they were killed and fallen in the ground.The court was there.full of whole caskesywhichforneilldirpored Mariners did burn for their plcafurcsy which thing when I faw, I did abhor^ and I Aid iudgc, The aniuall in the He of Saint Ctoix. Thcftatcof the fame. Turtles. KfiUA Frdficid. 117 iudgc, better than before, that the Sauages were (being .jj^^ g Icffe ciuilized) more humane and honcftcrmen, than ma- ofbettwnf!* nythat bearc the name of ChnftianSjhauing, during three turc than ma, ycaics, fpared that place , wherein they had not taken fo nyChniliani, much as a peeceof woodjnor falr,which was there in great quantity, as hard as a rocke. Going from thence , we cad anker among a great mim- a number of her of confufed Iles,where we heard fomc Sauages, and we lies, did call to make them come to vs. They anfwered vs with the like call. Whereunto one of ours replied, OUen Ktrau ? that is to fay, fVhtt areye 5 they would not difcouer them- felues. But the next day Oagimont, the Sagamos of this ri- uer, came to vs, and we knew it was he whom we heard. He did prepare to follow Membertou and his troupe to th'c warres, where he was grieuoudy wounded, as I haue faid in my verfes vpon this matter. This Oagtmont hath a daughter about clcuen y cares old , who is very comly, which MonJieurDePoHtrtncourt defired to haue, and hath The louc of oftentimes demanded her ofhim to giue her to the Queene, ^^^ Sauagcs promifing him that he (hould neuer want Corne , nor any [^j ^ thing elfej but he would neuer condifcend thereto. Being entred into our Barke he accompanied vs, vntill we came to the broad fea, where he put himfelfe in his fha- loup toreturne backe^ and for vs we bent our courfefor PortRoyall, where wearriued before day, but we were Arriuall into before our Fortjiuft atthe very pointthat faire ^uroraht- PortRoyall gan to ihe w her reddy chcekes vpon the top of our woody hilsj euery bodic was yet afleepe, and there was but one that rofe vp, by the continuall barking of dogges ; but wc made the reftfoone to awake, bypealesof Musket (hots and trumpets-found. Monjieur DeT^outr incofirtwsis hut the day betbre,arriued from his voyage to the mines, whi- ther we haue faid that he was to goe : and the day before that, was the Barke arriued that had carried pare of our workmen to Ccmpfean. So that all being afTemblcd, there retted nothing more than to prepare things ncccITary for u.'->: our ! II "12% ^^^^ TnncU. oiir (hipping. And in this bufincs our Water -Mill did vft very §ood feruice, for otherwife there had been no tneancs to prepare meale enough for the voyagc,but in the end wc had more than we had need of, which was giuen to the Sa« uages , to the end to haue vs in remembrance. Cha p. XVIII. The Pert de Campfeau : our departnre from Port Roy all : fogs of eight dates continuAnce : a Raine-ifoiv appear mgw the water : the Port Dc Saualet : ti/Uge an honourable exercife : the Sauagesgriefe at Monficur Dc Poutrincourts going anvay ; retnrne into France: voyage to Mount Saint Michael : frnits of New France prefentedto the King: avoyagemto Nerv Frame after the faid Monficur Dc Poutrincourt hit re* turne, VFon the point that we (houldtake our leaue ofPort Royally AfonfieurDe Poutrinconrt fent his men, one after another, to finde out the (hip at Campfeau ^ which is a Port being bctwcenc fcucn or eight Hands, where (hips may be(heltercd from windcs : and there is a Bay of aboue i ^.leagues depth,and 6.or7. leagues broad. The faid place being diClant from Port Royall aboue 150. leagues. We had a great Barke, two fmall ones, and a (ha- loup. In one of the fmall Barkesfome men were (hipped chat were fent before. Andthe30. of luly theothertwo went away. I was in the great one,condufted by Monjieur De Champ' dore. But Monjieur De Poutrincourt ^ defirou s to fee an end of our fowed corne, tarried till ic was ripe, and remained there eleuen daies yet after vs. In the meane time, ourfirfl: iourny hauingbeenethepafTageofPort Royall, the next day , miftes came and fprcad themfelues vpon thefca, which continued with vs eight whole daies : du- ring which , all wc could doe was to get to Cap De SabU, which wcfaw not. In Thedifcripti- on of the Pore Vt Cumfftau, The parting from Port Royal!. Eight daies mul. ill InthcCc ^tmmcrian darkncflcs, hauing one (Jaj'cafl an- ker in the fca, by rcafon of the night, our anker driucd in fuchfort, that in the morning, the tide had carried vsa- mong Hands j and I marucll that we were not caft awaj', flrikmg againft fome rocks. Butfbr vidluals, vvc wanted fbrnotilh, for in halfc an houres fifhingwe mif^ht take Codde enough for to feed vs a fortnight, and of thcfaircll and farted: that eucr I faw , being of the colour of Carpes 5 which I haue neuer knowen nor noted , but in this part of thefaid CapDeSa^/e»^v^\\ich after we had paffed, the ride (which is fvvifcinthis place) brought vsin lliorttimcaj farre as to the Port ^De La Heue, thinking that we were no further than the PortDtiMouton. Therewetariedtwo daics, and in the very fame Port we faw the Coddes bite^t the hooke. We found there ftorcofred Goofeberies, and nA^arcaffiteofQo^^ti Mine : wcalfo made there fomc trucking with the Sauages forskinnes. From thence forward we hadwindeat will, anddu* ring that time it happened once, that being vpo the hatch- es, 1 cried out to our Pilotc Monjieur De (^hamfdorct that we were ready to ftrike, thinking I had feene the bottomc ofthefea^butl wasdeceiuedby thcRaine-bow which did appearc with all his colours in the water , procured by the (hadow , that our boarefpright faile did make oucr the fame, being oppofitc to the Sunnc , which afemblinghis beames, within the hollownefTe of the fame faile, as it doth within the clouds, thofe bearnes were forced to make a re- ucrberation in the water, and to fhcw foorth this wonder. In the end we arriued within fourc leagues oi C^mpfeauy at a Portjwherc a good old man of Saint lohn Dc Ltts, called Captaine Smalct , receiucd vs with all the kindncdein the world. And for as much as this Port ( which is little, but very fairc)hath no namc,I haue qualified it in my Qco- graphicali Map, with the name ofSaunief. This good ho- ncft man told vs that the fame voyage was the 42. voyage that he had made into thofe parts, and ncuerchelcde the New- lap Peril!. Abiindincc of flirt Cod- Port Di U The Raine- bow appca* inginthe water. 1,1 ,:' I VoTt Sauitkt, 4 z. voyages made in New foundhnd. H ■ 1 j ;' 1 i! j Goodfifliing. 1 ■iiif - ji 1 , Sauagesvn- 1 ! i porcunate. 1 f ! 1 j X Jo. Leagues !i offthcy feare » theFrench- !! men, inhabi- M ted beyond ii! that. it.ft f ill ■ .i i 1 \ i kindneile. i i 11 1 i 1 1 : i ( n i Si i o' ' 1 1 f i J ^ • iVb/ii Francid. New-foimd-Iancl-men do make buc one in a yearc. He was manielloufly pleafed with his filliing-, and told vs morco- uerthac hetookc eiieryday fifty Ciowncs worth of fidi, and that his voyage would bewoorth looo. pounds. He paied wages to 1 6 men , and his veflell was of 8o. tunnes, which could carry loooc^. dry filhcs. He was fometimes vexed with the Sauagcs that did cabine there , who too boldly and impudently went into his fliip, and carried a- way from him what they lifted. And for to auoid their troublefomc behauiour, he threatned them that we would come thither , and that we would put them all to the edge of thefwordjifthey did him wrong.This did feare them,& they did him not fo much harmc, as otherwife they would haue done. Notwithftanding whcnfocner the Fifhermcn came with their (haloups full of fi(h , they did chufe what feemed good vnto them, and they did not care for Codde, but rather tookcC^tW/*f, or Whitings, Barfes or fletaMs,SL kind of very great Turbots , which might be worth hcere in Paris aboue foure crowncs apeece, and paraducnture fixor more,foricis amaruellous good meat,fpecially when they be great, and of the thickneffcof fix fingers, as are thofe that be taken there. And it would haue beene very hard to bridle their infolency , bccaufc that for to doe it, one fhould be forced to haue alwaies weapons in hand, and fo the worke fliould be left vndone. The good nature and honefty of this man was extended, not onely to vs, but al- fo to all our people that pad'ed by his Port , for it was the paQage to goe and come from Po* t Royall. But there were lome of them that came to fetch vs home , who did worfe than the Sauages, vfinghim as the Souldicr doth thepoore peafan, or country Farmer, hcere : a thing which was ve- ry grieuous for me to hcarc. We were4. daies there,by reafon of the contrary wind. Then came wc to Cam^fean, where wc taried for the other Barkc, which came two daies after vs. And as for. LMon- ficurDe Po:4trincoHrt , as fooncashc faw that the cornc ^ud Franclk might be reaped, lie pulled vp (brae Ric, root and all , for to (hew hearc the beauty , goodntfl'c and vnincafurablc height of the fame. He alio made gleancs of the other forts offeedes, as \Vheat,Barly, O.tcs, Hemp, and others, for the famepurpofe : which was not done by them that haue heerctof ore beene in 'Brajilt and in Florida, Where- in I haue caufeto reioyce, becaufelwasof the company and ofthefirft tillers of that land. And hcerein Ipleafed myfclfethcraore, when I did fct before mine eiesouran- cient father Noah.z great King, great Prieft,and great Pro- phet, V hofe occupation was to husband the ground, both in fowing of Corne and planting the Vine: And the ancient Romane Captainc, Siranm, who was found fowing of bis field , when that he wasfentfor, to condu ft the Romane Armie: And ^umtm Cmcwatus 3who all dufty did plough foure akcrs of lands, bare headed and openQomackt, when the Scnats Harold brought letters of the Diftator- (hip vnto him } in fort ,that this meffenger was forced to pray him to coucr himfelfe, before he declared his Embaf- fage vnto him. Delighting my felfe in this exercifc, God hath blcded my poore labour , and I haue had in my gar- den asfairc wheat as any can be in France , whereof the faid Monpeur De PoutrincoHrt gaue vnto mee a gleane, when he came to the faid Port De Campfeau. He was ready todcpartfrom Port Royall, when Mem- hertoH and his company arriued , viftorious ouer the Ar- tnoHchiqnois, And becaufe I haue made a defcription of this war in French Verfcs , I will notheere trouble my pa- per with it, being defirous rather to be briefe, than to feeke out new nijatter. At the inftant requcft of the faid Member^ ?o« he taried yet one ddy.But it was pitious to fee at his de- parting, thofe poore people weepe, who had beene al- Waies kept in hope thatfomc of oursfhould alwaies tarry with them. In the end promifc was made vnto them, that the yeare following, houQiolds and families (hould be fent thither^wholly to inhabit their land, and teach them trades R 2 for ^31 Exceeding faire Cotne. The tillage of the ground is an honoura- ble exercifc. Fairc Wh<^t The Sauaget returne {rom the wars. The Sauages tearcsatthe going away of the French men. .•♦»i 'M! 'I 'h' :t'; -^ ill 'ir ItlJ! ■iij ■M i ■lu JJJ Mcalclcfibc- yhnfttMT Da 'P»tt!*in aurt hisgoiwga- way. Thedcpar- ting from New France, Tie fight of the Sor- hnt^ucs. for CO make them liue as wc doc, which prottiifc did fome- what comfort them. There was left remaining ten hogs- heads of Meale, which were giuen to thcm,with the Goi ive that we had fowed , and the pofTcflion of the Mannour, if they would vfeit , which they haue not done. For they cannot be coniilanc in one place, and hue as they doc. The cleuenth o^ Aug\ift the faid Monjletir De PoHtrirt- court departed , with eight in his company , from the faid PortRoyail, inaShalouptocomcto C*2w/>yV^» .* A thing maruclioufly dangerous to erode fo many baies and feas in fb fmall a veirdl , laden with nineperfons, with viduals necellary for the voyage, and reafonablc great quantity of other ftuffe. Being arriued at the Portof Captainc iy^z/^/trr, hercceiucd them all as kindly as it was pofTible for him: And from thence they came to vs.to the (aid Port of Camp^ feaHy where we taried yet eight daies. The third day of September, wc weighed ankers, and with much adoe came we from among the rockes, that be about the faid Campfeau, Which our Mariners did with two flialoups that did carry their ankers very farrc into the fea , for to vphold our ftiip , to the end llie (hould noc ftrike againQ the rockes. Finally ,bcing at fea , one of the faid flialoups was let goe, and the other was taken into the JonM^ which befides our lading, did carry locooo. of fifli, as well drieas greene. We had reafonablc good windc vntillwccameneeretothe lands of Europe : But we were not ouercloied with good cheere , becaufethat ( as I haue faid) they who came to fetch vs ,prcfuming we were dead did cramme themfclues with our refrefliing commodities- Our workmen dranke no more wine,after we had left Poi c Royall : And we had butfmall portion thereof , becaufi^ that which did oucr abound with vs, was drunke merrily in the company of them chat brought vs ncwcs from France. The 2 6. of Scpcember wc had fight of the Sorlingucs, which be at the lands end of CornevvaU in England, and the NIfUA Francia. ^35 the i8. thinking to come to Saint Aialoes , we were forced i\^^^ ^i (for want of good wind) to fall into Rofcoff in BaCe Brc- Frjucc, taignc, where wc remained two daics andahalfe , rcfrc- Ihing our fellies. We had a Saiiagc who wondrcd very- much , feeing the buildiiigs , ftccplcs , and Wind-mils in France : yea alfo of the women, \\ horn he hadneuer feenc clothed after our maner. FromRofcoff ( giuuig thankcs to God ) we came with a good winde vnto Saint Maloes, Wherein I cannot but praife the watchfull forcfight of owr Mafter , Nicolas Martin , in hauing fo f kilf ally conducted vsin fuchanauigation, and among fo many bankcsand dangerous rocks, wherewith the coaft, fromthe Cap of Vfhanr to Saint Maloes, is full. If this man be praife wor-^ thicjn this his a^tionj Captaine Fotttques dcfenicth no lefTc praifes, hauing brought vs thorow fo many contrary windes, into vnknowen lands, where the Hrft foundations of New France haue beenelaid. Hauingtaried three or foure daies at Saint Makes, Ahn- The voyage JieurDe PoHtrinconrts fonne , and my fclfc,wcnt to Mount ^"^o SMU ^satit Michael, where wee faW the relikes,all, fauingthe Bucklerof this holy Archangell. It was told vs that the J Lord Bifliop ofAurancheSy had, foure or fiueyeares ago, y forbidden to flicw it any more. Asforthebuilding,itmc- ritcth to be called th« 8. wonder of the world , fo fairc and ^^' ^a^^\ great is it, vpon the point of one only rocke, in the raiddeft jj^^ vvorld. ofthcwaucs, atfiillfea. True it is, that one may fay that the fea came nor thither when the faid building was made. But I will replie, that howfoeuer it be, it is admirable. The complaint that may be made in this refpeft,is,that fo many fairebuildingsarevnprofirable in thefe our daies, as in the moft partofthe Abbies oFFrance. And would to God that by fome ^Archimedes means , they might be tranfported n into New France, there to be better cmploied to Gods fer- -^ nice and the Kings. Atthereturncwecamctofeeihefifti- ingofOydersatC^w^/^. /' Afterwchad foiorncd eight dales at Saint C>f/^/ i r i ■ 1 i :i ^ ■1 «J4 T»»trimc»itrf hisinduftry. Hirucft of King. Mua FnncU. came, in a Barkc, to Honflenr, vvhcrc MonJteurDtPoHtrm^ courth\% experience flood vs in good ftcad , who feeing our pilots at their wics end, when they faw themfelues be- tweene the lies oiIer<,y^nASare{v\ox, being accuftomed to take that courfe, where we were driuenbyagrcat winde, £a(l South-Ea(l,acconipanied with Fogs and rain)he tooke his fea-chard in hand> and plaied the parrofa Pilot, in fuch fort that we palTed the Ra^ BUnchart^a dangerous paflage for fmall Barkes ) and wecnnieea(ily , following the coad of Noriiiandie,to Honflenr jforwhich^eternallpraifes be giuentoGod. yimen. Being at Paris , the faid LMonfieur Be Pof/trmcoftrt pvC' New ^"^^^> fented the King with the fruits of the land from whence he carae, andefpecially theCorne, Wheat, Rie, Barly and Oatcs , as being the mod precious thing that may bee brought from what country foeucr. It had beene very fit to vowthcfefirft fruits to God , and to place them in fomc church among the monuments of triumph,with more iud caufe than the ancient Romanes, whoprefented to their country Gods and GoddeflTes Terminnsj Seta, and Seqefta the firft fruits of their tillage, by the hands of the Priefts of the fields, inftitutcd by ^mulwy which was the firll order in new Rome, who had for Blafon, a hat of the cares of Cornc. The faid Monjienr DePoHtrmconrt had bred tenne OU" tardf, taken from the fhell , which he thought to bring all the Kine '** ^"^^ France, but fiue of them were lofl , and the other fiue he gaue to the King , who delighted much in them 5 and they arc at Fonteine Belleau, Vpon the faire fhew of thefruites of the faid Country Priuilcdgc of ^^^King did confirme to MonfieurDe Monts the priui- Bcauers con. Icdgcforthetradcof Beuers with theSauagcs, tothecnd firmed to to giue him meanes to eftablifh his Coloni*?s in New Minjieitr De France. And by this occadon he fent thither in March laft, Thccc (hips F^iT^ihes , there to begin Chriftian and French ComnK)n- wealths > which God vouchfafc to blcfTcand incrcafe. The OiHsrdiS , or wild Geefe, feat 160%, NouA Frdffeia. TlicfaicKhips being returned , wehaiicliad report by MonJieftrDe Champ-dorCy and ethers , of the ftatc of the Country which wc had left, and of the wondei full beauty of the Cornethat thcfaid MonJiettrDc PoHtrincourth^A fovvcd before his departure, together of the graines that be fallen in the gardens ,' which haue fo incrcalcd that it is an incredible thing. Mcmbcrtou did gather fix or fcuen bar- rels of the cornc that we had fowed : and had vet one left, which herefcrued for the Frenchmen , whom he looked for, who arriuing he fainted with three Mufketfliotsand Bonfires. Whenit waslaid to his charge that hec had ea- ten our Pigions, which wc left thcrcjhe fell awceping,and embracing him that told it him, faid,thatitwasthe-^^- charoa, that is to fay, the great birds which are Eagles, which did eat many ofthcm, while we were there. More- ouer, all great and fmall, did inquire how wc did , naming euery one by his ownename , which is a witncffe of great loue. From Port Royall,thefaid Champ- acre went as farreas Chonakofietythe, beginning of the ArntoHchiquois land, where he pacified that nation with the Etechewins, which was not done without folemnity. For as he had be gun to fpeakcof it, the Captaine, who is now inftead ofO/mechin, named Afttkoa.a graue man and of a goodly prefence,how fauage foeucrhcbc, demanded that fome one of the faid ^fifc^e-wiw/fhouldbefcntrohim , and that he would treat with him. O^gimoKt.Saaamos oi'thc riuer S. ^m.v,was ap- pointed for that pur pofc, and he would not trufl them, but vnderthe afllirance of the Frenchme he went thither.Some prefents were made to Aftikou , who , vpon the fpeechof peace, began to exhort his people 6c to (hew them the cau- fes that ought ro induce them to hearken vntoit. Wherunto they condefcended, making an exclamation at euery article that he propounded to them. Som-c fine ycares ago Mcrji" eurVeAients had hkewife pacified thofe nations, and had declared vnto tbcm, that be would be enemy to the firfl of thcna Ncwes frcm New Fnncc finccour comming fiom thence. It is very dan- gerous to rtachthe Sa- na ge$ thevfc ofgunnes. Eagles, ThcSauagcs wifdome* / li6 Monftur Chaml'Um IS jiovT in the liucrof.Cti* nads. Cattcli. Fruit trees. Virjfcs. Hcmpc. Toutrincottrt his refolu- don l6op, them that (liould beginnc the war,an(! would purfuc him« Bucafter hisrccitrnc incoFrance« they could nor coma inc thcrafclucs in peace. And the jirmouchtqmis did kill a Soh-* riejtiois Sauage, called lAnoniac^ who went to them for to truckc merchandifc, which he tookc at the ftorchoufeof thefaid MonfienrDeMonts, The warrcabouc mcmioncd happened by reafonof thisfaid murthcr, vndcrthccon- ^w^oiSii^Amos McmOertou : thefaid vvarrcwas made in the very fame p!acc^ wivcrc I now make mention, that MgnjUfir de C hmmpdore did trcacc the peace this ycarc; AionJicMr CbampUin ii in another place, to wit in the great riuer of Canada ^ neerc the place where captainc /amcj jS^art$cr did winter, where he hath fortified him- felfe, hauingbroughc thither houfholds , with cattell and diucrs forts of fruitc-trees. There is ftore of vines, and ex- cellent hempe, in the fame place where he is, which the earth bringeth footh of it felfe. Heis not aman to be idle , and we cxpcdl fhortly ncwesof the whole difcouericof this great and vncomparable riuer, and of the countries which it wailicth on bothfides^by the diligence ofthcfaid As for Monfieur De PoHtrincoHrt , his defirc is immuta- ble , in this refolution to inhabit and adorne his Prouincc, to bring thither his famihe , and all forts of trades necefla- ry for the life of man. Which , with Gods helpc hee will continue to cfFc^ all this prefent yearc \ 609. And, as long as hehath vi»or and ftrcngth, will profccute the fame, to liue there vnder the Kings obey fancc. Of The fecond Booke of the Hiftoiy of Kona Francia ^containing the fajhions and jnancrs of life of the people there ^ and the fsrtilttj of the Lands And Seas mentioned i\\ the . ftrmer Bwkf. , The Priface. ^^ Lmighty Ccd^ inthecre^t'ienBf "' ■ this V? odd ^ h^hfomuchdeligh* ted himfelfe in diuerfity , that^ 'whether it be in heauen , or in the Earthy either vnder the fame or in the profound defth of wa- ters 5 the effect of his ml^ni And glory doefhint in euery place. But the wonder that far exceedeth all others^ iSj that in one and the felfe fame kind ofCreaturt^ I meane in Man^ are found more va- riety than in other things created. For if one enters in- to the conf deration of his face y two [hill not he found who in euery reJpeB doe refemble one another : If he bee confidered in the voice ^ the fame variety full be found : ifin the Jpeech^ all Nations haue their proper and peculiar language , whereby one is difingmfhed from the other. But in maners andfafhton of life ^ there is amarueUom difference^ 'which (without troubling S our 138 — -'■.■jtrjn*^; .= ^,i 0urfeluef in croftngthe Seas to bauethe exferletfce thereof) we fee viftblj in our very neighborhood, JSlovp fomfmuch as it it a fmsU matter to know ^ that people differ from vs in cujlomes and maners^ vnleswe know the farticulartties thereof i afmaii thing is it likewifetoknow^ butthat^ whichisneere tovs : but thefaire Science is to knowthemancroflifeofailNa^ tions of the Worlds for which reafon Vly fles hath beene efieeme ■'. ')ecaufe h: h^djeene much and knowen much* It ki thfeemed neceffary vnto me to exercife myfelfe in this fecond hooke vpon this fubie5t , in that which toucheth the Nations fpeken of by vs ^feeing thatlhme tied my felfe vnto it, and that it is one of the befl parts of an HiHory , vohich without it would be defehiue^ haui»^but (lightly and cufuatty handled hereaboue thofe things thatlhaue referued to (peake of heere. Which alfo idoOyto the end, ifitpleafe Godtotakefitie fif thofe poore people , and to workeby his holyfpirity that they be brought int o his fold ^ their children may know heereafier what their Fathers were^ andblejfe them that haue employed themfelues in their conuerfi-* on y and reformation of thetr vnciuility. Let vs therefore begin withman from his birth ^ and bluing ingrojfe marked out what the courfe of his life iSy we wiUconduB him to the graue^ there to leaue him to reU^ and aifo to repofe our felues. '> Chap. I. Of the Natimty ofLMatt, tr ,' ;;; 3K^^^^ Hcauthour of the bookc of Wifdomc, Kj&^.ni called Salomon 9 wirncffcth vnto vs a moft true thing) that oilmen hauea Uke entrance tntoth^ world, andthelik^gomg out. But ech feuerali people liatk brought fome ceremonies , after thefc were accompliflied. For fome haue wept, feeing the birth of man vpon this worldly Theater. Otners haue reioyced at it , as well becaufe Nature hath giuen to euery creature a defire to prcferue his o wne kinde^ as for that, Manhauing beenemade mortallby (inne, he defireth to bee in fome fort redored againe to that lod right of immortality , and to leauefome vifible image ifTu- cd from him, by the generation of children. I will not heere difcourfe vpon euery Nation, for it would be an infi- nite thing. But I will fay that the Hebrews at the natiuity of their children did make fome particular ceremonies vn- to them, fpokenofby the Prophet ^*^f/>/r/, whohauing Eiech.i^ in charge to make a demondration to the Citieof Hi>r»/5i- yerU 3 . 4. /fwof her owne abomination, doth reproch vnto her, faying, that (heisiifued and borne out of the Canafktans Country, that her father was an ^morite^ and her rria- ther an Hittite, And as for thj ^W^(faith ht)mtbe day tha$ thoH waft borne thy nauellwas not cut, neither waFf thoHwafh- ed in water to foften thee , norfalted with fait, nor any wife luViMm.l^fSu fwadlediHcloHtes. ThcCimbres did put their new borne '*"•^'"'•^• children into the fnow to harden them : And the French- j^ai*^^y\ S % men "^ * m y ' M 140 ad Maxim, Vhihn , ... men did plunge theirs into the riuer Rhine, to know ifthcy vycrclcgitimaterfbr if they did finke vnto the bottcme they were etteemtdbirtards, and if they did fwin me on the water they were Jcgitiniace , meaning ( as it were ) that French-men ought naturally to fv\ im vpon the waters. As for our Sauagesof New France, when that 1 was there, thinking nothing leilc than on this Hiftory, Itookenot hecdof many things which I might haiieobferued : But yet I rcmember,thac as a woman was dcliuered of licr child they came into our Fort,to demand very inflantly for fomc greafe oroyle to make the child tofwallow it downe be- fore they giue himthcduggc or any food : they can ren- der no realon for this, but that it is a cuftome of ions: con- tinuance. Whereupon I coniedure that the diuell ( who hath alwaies borrowed ceremonies from the Church , as well in the ancient as in the new law) would, that his peo- ple (fb doe 1 call them that beleeuc not in God, and are out of the Communion of Saints ) fhouldbe anointed like to Gods people : which vn^ionhehath made to be inward j, becaufe the fpirituall vn^ion of theChrillians is fo. "vU:: ?IJ '!.<"; ^ I 'i A X H A P. II. Oft he impojttion of names, S for impofition of names, they giue them by tradi« tion, that is to fav, they hauc great quantity of names, which they chufe and impofe on their chil- dren. But the eldeftfonnc commonly beareth his fathers name, adding at the end fome diminutiue : asthecldcft of ©r fiiil boriK, (^Membertou lliall be called LMember tone his, as it were the lefTer, or the yonger CMemherteu. As for the y onger Son, he beareth not the Fathers name , but they giue him fuch name as they lift : Andhee that is borne after him Hiail bearehis name, adding a fyllable to it : as the yonger of Membertonn called AUaudin, he that commeth after is called ABandmech, So Memembourre had a foiine named Semcoiidy The dignity of cMcrilMp SliT»!Fi»R Semcoud, and his yongcr was called Semeoudech, It is not for all that a gcnerall rule, to addc this termination ech. For PanQfiiacs yongcr Sonne (of whom mention is made in Membertous wane againrt the c^rmoHcht^jHois , which I haue dcfciibcd in the Mi ifes of New France) was called PanoHiagues : To that thjs teiminationis done according as the tormer name requireth it. But they haue a cuftome The chan^- that when this elder brothcr,or father, is dead,they chan<^e i^gofn-Jmcs, name , for to auoid the forrow that the remembrance of the deceafl'ed mightbring vnto them. This is the caufe why, after th? deceafe ofMememhourre, 5c Semcoud, (that died this laft Winter) Semcoudech hath left his brothers name, and hath not taken that of his fathcr.but rather hath made himfelfe to be called P^^r^r ,becaufc he dwelt in Paris, And after PanonUcs deaths T^snoniagHes forfooke his name, and w?.s, by one of our men , called Roland: which I findc euill and vndifcreetly done, fo toprophane Chriftians names, and to impofe them vpon Infidels ; as I remember of another that was called ^^r/w. Alexander- the Great (though he was an Heathen) would not that any fhould beare his name, vnlcllc he fliould render himfelfe woorthy thereof by vertuc. And, as one day a fouldicr, bearing the usimc of y^lexander, was accufed before him to be voluptu- ous and lecherous , he commanded him, either tofbrfakc that name, or to change his life. The BrafiUens (as lohn D^Zm faith,whom I had rather follow in that which he hath feene , than a Spaniard) im- pofe names to their children of the firft thing that com- meth before them , as if a bow and ftring come to their imagmation , they will call their child Ourapacen, which lignifieth a bow and a ftring, and fo confequcntly. In re- gard of our Sauages, they haue at this day names without iignification, which pciaduenturc in the firft impofingof thcm,did fignifie fome thing, but as thetongues do change the knowledge thereof is loft. Of all the names of them that I haue knowcni I haue learned none , fauing thac Ui W Ft :fiH|! fe m I' !li r ai.'i! I 11 -U^ X4& X I^0M Frincti* Chksudun£\m5icAi2Tr(nvt : and OigouM the nm\c of the riucr of the uid Chkouduntwhich (ignificth /earethis :erOt ^c. , like our ity, faith her child, " reombe f > giue the od which Sutatthis urcments esateafe, be Coun- en to bad ickewith ngelings, )re names louethan clues doe the Weft Indies : Indies: likewife their brefts are no baites of loue,as in thefe our parts, but rather, louein thofe lands is madebyche flame chat nature kindlech in euery one, without annexing any arts to it, either by painting, amorouspoifons or o- therwife. Andforthismanerofnurdng their children, are the ancient German women praifed by Tacit us , becaufe that euery one did nurfe their Children with her owne brefts, and would not haue fufFered that another befides themfelues Qiould giue fucke to their children. Now our Sauage women do giue vnto them, with the dugge, meats which they vfe, hauingHrft well chawed chem : and fo by little and little bring them vp. As for the fwadling of them, they chat dwell in hot Countries and necre the Tropickf, haue no care of ic, but leaue them free vnbound. But draw- ing cowards che North , the mothers haue au euenfmooch boord, like the couerinv of a drawer orcupborod, vpon which they lay the child wrapped in a Beauer fur, vnles ic be too hot, and tied thereupon with fome fwadling band, whom they carry on their backes their le^es hanging downe : then being returned into their Cabins they fee them in this maner vp ftraight againft a ftone or fome thing elfe. And as in tnefe our parts ^ one giues fmall fea- thers and gilc things to liccle children , fo they hang quan- tity of beades and imallfquaretoies, diuerfly coloured, in the vpper part of the faid boord or plancke > for che deck- ing of theirs. Chap. Ill I. O f their lotie towards their children, THat which we haue faid euen now , is a part of true loue, which doth (hame che Chriftian women. But after che Children be weaned, and at all cimes, they loue them all, obferuing this law that Nature hach grafced in the hearts of all creatures ( except in leaud fbppery wo- men) to haue care of them. And when itis qucftionto de- mand ^43 ilP f i 144 r / The caiifc why the Sa- lugcs louc their children iMorcthanwe doc in thcfe parts. Gcnf. 1, veif, a8. Meanes to cafe the fami- hcs of France, mandofthcmfomfi of their children (I fpcakc o£ the S(^u^ riqfiois , in whofe land wc dwelt ) for to bring them into France,they wil not giue them :but if any one ot them doth yccldvntoicjprefcnts muft be giuen vnto him, befides large promifes. We haue alreadie fpoken ofthis at the end of the 17. chapter. Sothcnifinde thatthey hauc wrong to be called Barbarous, feeing that the ancient Romans were far more Brabarous than they , who oftentimes fold their children for to hauc meanes to liuc. Now that which can- fcth them to loue their children more than wc doe in thcfc parts is , that they are the maintenance of their fathers in their old age , whether it be to helpe them to liuc, or to de- fend them from their enemies : And nature conferueth wholly in them her right m this refpeft. By reafon where- of that which they wifli mollis to hauc number of chil- dren, to be thereby fo much the mightier, as in the firft age of the world, when virginity was a thing rcproouablc, bc- caufcof Gods commandement to man and women to in- crcafe , multiply and replenifh the earth : but after it was filled, this loue waxed maruellous cold, andchildrcn be- gan to be a burthen to fathers and mothers, whom many haue hadindifdaine, and haue verie often procured their death : Now is the way open for France to hauc a remedy for the fame. For if itpleafe God to guide and profpt* the voyages of New France , whofocuer in thefe parts (hall findc himfclfe oppreffcd may pafle thither, and there end his daies in reft , and that without feeling any pouerty : or if any one findcth himfclfe ouerburthenedwich children, he may fend halfe of them thither,and with a fmall portion they (hall be rich and pofleffc the land , which is the moft afFurcd condition ofthis life. For we fee at this day, labor and paine inall vocations , yea in them of the beft fort, whichare often croffed through enuy and wants : others will make a hundred cappings andcrouchingsfor to liue, and yet they doc but pine away. But the ground neucr de- ccaucth vs , if we carncftly chcriih her. Witncflc the fable of icm inco cm doth dcs large id of the is; to be ns were old their lich caii- : in thcfc athers in or to dc- nfcrueth nwhere- rof chil- cfirftagc able, be- icn to in- ter it was Idrcn be- om many jrcd their a remedy ofpt* the arts {hall there end uerty : or children, II portion tnemoft ay, labor beft fort, ; : others ►r to liue, ncucrdc- ! the fable of M5 Mm4 Fnnck. of him, whoby his lafl: will and tcftament, did declare to his children thar he had hiddena treafureinhis Vineyard, and as they had well and deepely digged and turned it they found nothing, but the ycerc being come about, they g;atheredfo great a quantity of grapes, that they knew not where to beftow them. So thorow all the holy Scripture, the promifestliat Godmaketh to the Patriarchcs Abra- hitmj Jfaac and Jacob, aixl afterwards to thepeopic of/fra- ei, by themouthof yl/c/f/, is, that they fliall pofleilb the Toporfcflb land , as a ccrtaine heritage that cannot pcrilli, and where a ^''<^ ^'^"^ ^s a man hath wherewith to fuftaine his familie, to make him- ^ ncntage. felfe (Irong and to liue in innocency : according to the fpcechcs of the ancient C^/d?, who did fay, that common- TUn.hh.iS, IvHusbandmen, or Farmers Sohnes be valiant and ftrong, "^^ and doe thinkc on no harme. Chap. 5. Of their Reltgioiu , >. MAn being created after the image of God, it is good reafon that he acknowledge, fcruc, wor/hip, praifc and blefle his Creator , andthat therein he imploy his whole dcfire , his minde , his ftrength and his courage. But the nature of man hauingbeen corrupted by finne,this fairc light that God had firft giuen vnto him,hath beenc [o darkned, that he is becom therby tolofe the knowledge of his beginning. And for as much as God (heweth not himfelf vnto vs by a ccrtaine vifible fovmc, as a father or a King might doe •, man finding himfclfe ouercomc with pOHcrty and infirmity, not fetlinghimfelfe to the contemplation of the wonders of this Almighty workman, and to fceke him as he ought to be fought for, with a bafe and brutilli fpint, miferably hath he forged to himfelfe gods , according to his owne fancy : And there is nothing vifiblc in the world, but hath becne deified in feme place or other : yea euen in that ranckc and degree , imaginary things hath alfo beene put, as Vcrtuc, Hope, Honour, Fortune, andathoufand T fuch lilii 1 1 Mi ^A KM 1 ' ■• 11 < ' ■4\ !;'l 1^6 I^olnteis in fucli like things : Item infcrnall gods, and ficknefTes , and all forts of plagues, cuery one worfliipping the thing s that Jie flood in fcarcof. But notwithQanding, though Ttt/i'te hathfaidjfpeakingof the nature of the gods, that there is no nation (o fauage,orbrutifh nor fobarbarous,butis feafo- ned with fome opinion ofthem: yet there haue been founds inthcfe later ages, nations that haue no feeling thereofat all : v\ hich is (o much the ftrangcr that among them ,thcrc were, and yet are , Idolaters, as m Mexico and Virgima, If \vc will we may addc hcereunto F/or/W^. And notwiih- ftanding, all being well confidered, feeing the condition bochot theoneand of the other is to be lamented, I giuc more praife to him that worfliippeth nothing, than to him who worQiippcth creatufes without either life or fcnfc, for at lead, as bad as he is , heblafphemeth not, andgiueth not the gloric due to God to an other, liuing (mdeed) alifc not much differing from brutirtineffc : but the fame is yet more brutidi that adoreth a dead thin^ , and putteth his confidence in it. And bcfides, he which is not Itained with any bad opinion, ismuch more capable of true adoration, than the other : being like to a bare table, which is ready to receiue what colour foeuer one will giue to it. For when any people hath once receiued a bad imprefHo of do£lrine, one mull roote it out from them before another may be placed in them. Which is very difficult,aswellfor the ob- rtinacy cfmcn, which doe fay , our fathers haue huedin this fort : as for the hindrance that they giue them yvhich doc teach them fuch a doctrine , and others whofe life de- pcndeth thereupon, whodoefeare that their meanes of gain betaken from them :cuen asthar/)cw^/r/»/thc(i!ucr- Atft.i^.verfi fmith, mentioned in the -r^<^/ of the Apoftles. This is the Tif % n ^^**^°^ ^"^'^y ^^^ Sauages of New France wil be found more eafie tobc^^ cafietoreceiuetheChrifliandQcl:rine,ifoncethe Prouircc coTuerrtd to be thorowly inhabited. For (that we may begin with the Chriftian them of Canada) lames jS^artter , in his fecond relation, religion. rccttctli that which I haue faida little before , in thcfe words Jumti Cartitr, Tcs , and ingsihar gh Tfi/i'tf It there is is fcafo- rn found, hcreofat m, there ^^iffia. U lot wit h- ondition d , I giiic an to him fcnfc, for idgiiicth ced) alifc me is yet ttcth his inedwith deration, b is ready ?'or when doctrine, r may be )rtheob- e hued in m ys'hich fchfedc- jcancs of hcClucr- hisisthc ind more Prouir.cc ^in with relation, in thcfe words Nm4 Fnmcid^ words , which are not hcere laied downe In the former Booke. This faid people (faith he) hathnotanybcleefcofGod (rhat may be efteemcd) for they belecue in one, whom they call Cudoiiagm , and fay , that he often fpcakcth to them, and telleth them what weather fhall fall out. They fay that when he is angry with them hcecafleth duftin their eies. Tliey beIceuealfo,that when they die they goc vpinto the (larres , and afterwards they goe into faire grcene fields, full of faire trees, flowers and rare fruits. After they had made vs to vnderfland thcfe things , wee Shewed them their error , and that their Cudoiiagm is anc- uill Spirit that deceiueth them, and that there is but one God, which is in Heauen , who doth giuc vnto vs all, and is Creator ofall things, and that in him we muft onely be- lecue, and that they muft be baptifed,or goe into hell. And .many other things of our faith were fhewcd them : which they eailly beleeued, and called their Cttdouagniy Agoinda, Sothatmany times they requcftedour Captaineto caufe them to be baptized,and the faid L ord (that is to fay , D (7fi- nacona) Taigurngni^ DomAgaia^ with all the people of their towne came thithcrfor that purpofe:but becaufe we knew not their intent and defire , and that there was no body to inftru^ them in the faith, wee cxcufed our felues to them for that time, and bad 74f^^r/ij^»( and DontAgdia to make them vnderftand that we would returne another voyage, and would bring Priefts with vs and Chremcy telling them, for an excufe, that one cannot be baptized without the faid Chrcme, which they did beleeue. And they were very glad ofthepromifc which the Captaine made them to returne, and thanked them for it. Monfichr C/7^w/>/««,hauing of late made the fame voy- age which the Captaine lames ^luartier had made, did difcourfcwithSauages, that be yetliuing, andrcporteth the fpeeches that were betwcene him andcertaine of their Sagimos^ concerning their belecfe in fpirituall and hcaucn- T a ly H7 < w " The Saua- ** gcs rfligi- *• on inCa. «' aada. \ « Thcflitc ^ \ " oribulcs \ \ " aficrdcaih, V"^| / / i IX •' People ca. *« He to be " conuerted, " ^goiuda " ligiiificth " nitkcd. cc (( cc cc (C (C cc <( cc I t ■i ffi ♦i-v } \ rcsbtlccfc Ofthccrc- acionof man. They be- Icci'.cone God, one Mother, ^nd the \ \ (( (( c< nc oncly lich were iboiieall; reafon of theMo- c the Fa- cordins miandcd 5 fay that ' had not who tra- uellino; X45> # " men whom " thcS.ui.igcs *' bclcsMic to *' Iniic fccns " God. " Men trans- *' ^onncAl ia- *' to iloncs: ct ti iielling; towards the fettinj^ofthc Sunnc, met with God, «» Of'fiiic who demanded ofthcm, Wliithcr ^o yee? They anfvvcred, We li^oe to fecke for our lining : God anfwcrtd them, You iliaUltinde it heere. But they palled further, not making a- ny accontic of that which God had faid vnto them *, v\ ho tookeaitone and therewith touched two of them, who were turned into flones : And he faid againe to the three o- thers, whither goeyee ? and- they anlwered as at tliefiift time : and God faid vnto them againe, PafTeno further, you fhall findcir heere : and feeing that they found no food they palled further : And God tookc twofiaucs, and touched therewith the two formoft , who were transfor- med into ftaues. But the fift man ftaied and would palle no further : And God asked him againc,Whither goeft thou? Whomadeanfwer, Igo to feekefor my liuing : and God told him, Tarry and thou flialt finde it : and hcdaied without paffing any further : And God gaue him meat, and he did eat of it : and after he had made good cheare he returned among the other Sauages , and told them all that you haue heard. He alfo told me,that at another time there was a man who had (lore of Tahacco ( which is an hearbe the fmoke whereof they take ) and that God came to this man and asked him where his pipe was : The man tookc his Tabacco pipe and gaue it to God, whodranke very much Tahacco. After he had taken well of it, God brake the faid Tabacco-pipe into many peeces , and theman as- ked him , why haft thou broken my Tabacco-pipe,and thou feeft well that 1 haue none other ? And God tooke one which he had, and gaue it him, faying vnto him: Lo, heere is one which I giue to thec,carry it to thy great Saga- mo,\a him kcepe ic^and if he keepe it weljie lliall not want anything, nor any of his companions : The faid man tooke the Tabacco-pipe, which he gaue to his great S^ga- TTtOyVjho (whikft he had it) l. ?(fUd Franeiu that wemake to his ditiine MaicOie , he giueth vs what we haueneed of, and the Diuellhathno power oucrvs ; and can doe ys no hurt. That if they had this belcefe th^v fliouldbeeuen as we are. That the Diuell (houldhot be able to doe them anymore harme, and chcy iliould not wane what (liould be needfiill for them. Then the faid S4 ^^^w^faid vnto mee, that he granted all that I faid. I de- manded of him what ceremony they vfed in praying to their God : he told me that they vfed no other ceremony, but that euery one did pray in his heart as he would. This is the caufe why, Ibeleeue, there is no law among them, neither doe they know what it is to worfhip or pray to God,and liuethe mod part as brute beads : Andl bckeue that in fliort time they might be brought to be good Chri- dians, if one would mhabit their land, which mod of them doe defire. They haue among them fome Sauages whom thtyczWr Hot oHn J whofpeake vifibly to the Diuell, and he telleth them what they mud doe , as well for warres as for other things : And if he diould command them to goe and put any enterprife in execution, or to kill a French man or any other oftheir nation, they will immcdiacly obey to his command. They beleeue al(b that all their dreamcs are true J and indeed, there be many of them which doe fay that they haue feeneand dreamed things that doe happen, or (liall come to padc : but to fpcake thereof in truth they be vifionsof the Diuell, who doth deceiue and feduce them. Soidxxt Monfftir ChampUms xtipoxt. As for our Sonriifuoisj and other their neighbours, I can fay nothing clfc, butthatthey are deditute of all knowledge of God, haue no Adoration, neither doe they make any diuine fer- uice, liuing inapitifull ignorance^ which ought to touch the hearts both of Chridian Princes, and Prelates, who ve- ry often doc employ vpon friuolous things that which would be more than fiifficient to edablifli there many Co- lonies, which would be.are their names, about whom thcfc poorc people would flockc and affcmblcthcmrducs. 1 do not tJJ ^^ (\ t% it (€ tt Ct <€ a " t 152 To nil forts oipccpic. Luk.ia.vcrf. 3 1' / iVtf//4 Francia* rotfay they (liould goc thither inPcrfon, for their pre- fence is heercmorcneceflary, and belidcs cuery one is not fit for the Sea : but there are fo many pcifons welldifpo- fed chat would imploy thcivifeliics on that , if they had the meanes : They then that may doe it arcaltosicthervnex- cufable. Our prcfentageistallcn, asoncmightfay, into an Aslorgie, wanting both lone and Chnftian charity, andretame almoft nothins; of that fire v\hich kindled our Fathers either in the time of our fit (l Kings, or in the time oii\\Q Crcifades for the holy land ; yea connariwife if any venture his life, and that little meanes he hath, vponrhis generous Chriftian worke, the mofl: part doc njocke him for it , like to the SaUmandre , which doth not line in the middeft of flames, as fome doe imagine , butisoffocolda nature that (liee killeth them by her coldncfle. Euery one would runne after treafures , and would carry them away without paines taking , and afterward to liuc frolike 5 but they come too late for it , and they Oiould hauc enough if they did beleeuc, as is meet to doe, in him that hathfaid : Seeke firfl the kingdome of God ^ and all thefe things [hall begim ucn vntoyoH ouer and ah one. Let vs r-curne to our Sauages , for whofc conuerjfion it refteth vnto vs to pray to Godthatic will pleafehimto open the meanes to makea plentifull haruefl: to the further manifcflation of the Gofpell : for ours, and generally all thofe people cuen as farrcasF/^^W^/^mclufiuely, arcvery eafie to be brought to the Chnffian religion, according as I may conicdure of them which 1 haue not fecnc, by the difcoiirfe of Hiflorics. But I finde that there (hall bemorc facility in them of the necrer ]ands,asfrcm Cap-'Bretonto Aialciarre ^ bccaufe they haue not any (hew of religion (for I call not religion vnlefle there be fome Latria and di- uincfcruice) nor tillage of ground (atleafliasfarrcasC^^- Hakpet ) which is the chiefcfl thing that may draw men to belceueas oncwould, by reafon tjiat out fromthe Earth commcth all that which is neccilaiie for the life , after the gcnerall I ■ % ?{jfua Franeia. general! vfe we haue of the other Elements. Our life hath chiefely need ofmcatidrinke and clothing. Thefe people (as onemay fay) haue nothing of all that, for it is not to be called couered, tobealwaies wandring and lodged vndcr foure (lakes, and to haue a skinne vpon their backe : nei- ther doe I call eating and liuing, to eat all at once and (larue the next day,notprouidingfor the nextday. Whofoeucr then (hall giue bread and clothing to this people, the fame (liall be, as it were, their God, they willbeleeue all that he (hall fay to them. Euen as the Patriarch Jacob did promife to ferue God if he would giue him bread to eat and gar< tnents to couer him. God hath no name : for all that wee can fay, cannot comprehend him. Butwe call him Qod, becaufe hee giueth. And man ingiuing may by rcfem- blance be called God. Caufe(faithS. ^regorie Naziattze- ne) that^hou beefl a God towards the needie, in imitating Gods mercifulnelTe. For man hath nothing fo diuine in him as benefits. The heathen haueknowen this, and a- mongd others Plmj, when he faith, that it is a great fi^nc of diuinitie in a mortall nan , to helpeandaidean other mortall man. Thefe people then enioying the fruits of the vfe of trades and tillage of the ground, will belceue all that [hall be told them, inaftditftmaHris, atthefird voice that Ihal found in their eares: and of this haue I certain proofcs, becaufe I haueknowen them wholly difpofed thereunto hy the communication they had with vs ^ and there bee fome of them that are Chrillians in minde, ^ do performe the afts of it, in fuch wife as they can , though they be not baptifed:2tnong whom I will name Chkoudun, Captaine (dim Sdgamos) of the riucr of Saint lohn , mentioned in the beginning of this worke, who, whenfoeucr heeateth, hfteth vp his cies to heauen , and maketh the Hgnc of the crofFe, becaufe he hath feene vs doe fo : yea at our praicrs he did kncele downe as we did: And becaufe he hath fccne a great crofTc planted nccre to our fort , he hath made the like at hi$ houfe^ and in all his cabin s 3 and carieth one at \-iu V his 155 The right meaneso bring the Sa- uagcs to ones deuotion. Gen. 28.10. Grtr. TS^aT^M in the oration of the care forihcpoorC" !M? M%j: »,;.. \ [ Lib.I.chap.7, / ^' .if A conformi- ty bctwcenc the Armou- chiquois and tbenauirall Virginians. The religion ofthc Virgi- nians. \ r- 1 IJ§UA t ranch. his brcft, faying, that he is no more a Sauagc,and acknow- ledging plainly, that they arc beads ((bhec faith in his language) but that he is like vnto vs , defiring to be inftru- itcd. 1 hatwhichlfayotthismanjlmayaffirme thcfamc almodofall theothers : Andthough herhouldbealonC; yet hce is capable, being inilruftcd,to bring in all the reft. The Armouchiquois are a great people, which haue likewile no adoration : and being fetlcd, becau(e they ma- nure the ground, one may eafilymakea congregation of them, and exhort them to that which is for their faluation. They are vicious and bloody men, as we haue faid heere- tofore : buc diis infolencic proceeds for that they feelc themfclues ftrong, by reafon of their multitude , and be- caufe they hue more at eafc than the others , reaping the fruits of the earth. Their countrie is not vet well knowen, but in thatfmall part that wee haue difcouered , I finde they haue conformitie with them of Vtrginia, except in the fuperllitioii & error,in that which concerneth our fut- ie^, forasmuch as the Virginians doe begin to hauefome opinion of afuperior thing in nature, which gouerncth hecrcthis world* They beleeuein many gods (as an En- glifhHiftorian that dwelt there report cth) which they call C^lontqaqy but of fundry forts and degrees. One alone is chiefe and great, who hath euerbccne, whopurpofingto raakethcworld, madcfirft other gods, fortobcmeanes and inf^ruments, wherewith he might feruehimfcife in the Creation and in the gouernmcnc. Then afterwards the §tunne,the Mooneand the Stavres, as demy gods, and m- ftruments of the other Principall order. They hold that rhe woman wasfirft made,which by conmn^fion with one of.Hiegods had children. Ail thcfe people docgeherally beleeuethc immortality ofrhefoulc , and that after dcacli goodtmen are ui reft, and the wicked in paine : Now them rhatchty eftcemetobic the wicked ate their ehemies, and tiicy the good mdn : Infuch fort rhat , in their opinion, they fliall all after death be well at tafc, and fpccially when ■'■. N0Uii Francui lacknow- aith in his bcinftru- : the fame I be alone, ill the reft, licii haue they ma- gation of faluation, lid heeie- hey feelc , and he- aping the knowcnj I , I findc except in hourfub- laiicfomc ];ouerncth as an En- '\i rhey call le alone is rpofingto bemeanes fcife in the vards the Is, and m- holdthat 1 with one gehcrally fter death Jovv them mies, and opinion, illy when they 155 "i flieyhauc well defended their countiy, and killed many of their enemies. And as touching the refurreftion of the Fa bulous bodies, there are yet fomc nations in thofc parts that haue talcs of rhe fome glimpfe of it. For the Virgimans doe tell tales of cer- ^^^""^^i""* tainemen rifcnagainc, which lay ftrangc things : As of one wicked man , who after his death had bcene neere to v thr mouth of ?o/?o^fc'jy^(7 (which is their Hell) butagodfii- \ ued him, and gaue him leaue to come againe into the world, for to tell his friends what they ou2;ht to doe for to * auoidethe comming into this miferable torment. Item, that yeare that the EngliQi men were therc,it came to paiTc withm6o. leagues off from them (as faid the F/r^/w.iM/y^ '•- thatabody wasvnburied, hketothefirf]:, anddidflicw, that being dead in the pit, his foulc was ahue, and had tra- uclled very farre, thorow a long and large way , on both fides of which did grow very faircand pleafant trees, bea- ring the rarell fruits that can be feene : and that in the end he came to very faire houfes y neere to the which he found his father, which was dead, who exprcfly commanded him to returne backe and to declare vnto his frinds the good which it behooucd them to doe for to enioy the plea- fures of this place : And that after he had done his meffage heftiould come thither a^aine. The generall Hiftory of M^fr.^r";*^ the Welt Indies reporteth, that before the comming of the booke, the Spaniards into F^rt?/*, they of C^/roand thereabout, did 124. chap. \ hkewife beleeue the refurre£lion ofthe bodies. For feeing that the Spaniards ^ with acurfed auarice . opening the fepulchers for to haue the gold and the riches that were in them., didcafl: and fcatter the bones of the dead heere ^ and there, they praied them , not to fcatter them fo, to the , end that the fame (hould not hinder them from rifii 2; a- \ gaine : which is a more perfedl beleefethan that of the i .yW^s/^ct'/jand ofthe Greekcs, which theGofpcll and the Afts ofthe Apoftles witnelle vnto vs that they ftoffed at "^' ^^* ""' ' the refurre.{lion, asalfoj almoftali the heathen antiquity Aa.i;. vcif. hath done. ga. V J Some ^ — --»» 'I m'ff\ ■ 'i',' 1^6 ! »• vcr. gi.3»« S. Paul to the Hcb. ch.ii. at the end. Orig. 2, booke of piinciplcSt '--i V fit ;,<^ ^W: . ';i Hiu Hate Dei Some df our Wcflcrnc Indians, cxpcfting this rcftirre- Oion, haue eflcemcddiatthe foules of the good did goe into heauen^^c them of the wicked into a great pit or holcx which they thmke to be far off towards the Sunne fetting, which they call Popogftjfo, there to burnc for eucr: and fuchisthe belecfeof theVtrgima^ts : The others (as the BraJiUans) that the wicked goe with Aignani which is the cuiU fpirit that tormenteth them : but as for the good, that they went behinde the Mountaines to dance and make good checre with their fathers. Many of the ancient: Chriftians, grounded vpon certaine places of Sfdras, of^. Tyiulj and others, haue thought that after death our foules were fequeftred into places vndcr the earth, as in ^brA- hams bofomc,attendingthciudgementofGod : And there Origen hath thought that they areas in a Schoole of foules, and place of milru^lion, where they learne the caufesand realops of the things they haue fccne on the Earth, and by reafoning make iudgemcnts of con(e En it! n >57 reftirrc- did goe or holcj rfetting, cr : and ( as the chisthc good, mce and p ancient rofj ofS, ur foules bd there of foules, aufes and h, and by >f things luebeene Sorhoue \n he Coun- thatopi- entrcd in (fall tijcm nc bur the cw'illalfo oc,v\hich heircrods ock. One 3.11 fes and :all U^fa- ging and toipcakc o were a- s i*. ex///- gufim NoM FrMHcia. guftm(i\t\\» NHmMpompiltHi hauing wifely forbidden to make any , becaufe thac fuch a foolj(h and fcnfcles thing tnadethemtobedefpifed, and from this contempt came, that the people did cadout all fcare, nothing being better than to worftiip them in fpirit feeing they are fpirits. And Plin.lib, t. indeed Pliny faith : Th^t there u nothing which fheweth wore cap. 7. the weakenejfe efmans mt, than tofeeke to dffigne fome image \ or figure to God. for in what part foeuer that Godfhsweth himfelfe he is allfenfe, * all fight ^ all hearings allfoulet all vnMr^ ftandmg : and finally he is all of himfelfe , without vfingany organe. The ancient Germans inflru^ed in this dof^rinc, not onely did admit no images of their gods (as faith 7^- . citui ) but alfo would not that they fliouldbc drawenor i painted againft the walks, norfet in any humane forme, cfleeming that to derogate coo much from the ^reatnes of the heauenly power. It may be faid among vs tnat figures / and reprefentations are the bookes of the vnlearned : but leaning difputations afide, it were*" jng thateuery one (liould be wife and wehn(lru£ied,and thac no body (hould be ignorant. Our SouriquoisQXiA ^y^rmo^ehi^juois Sau^^esJnsLue the The Sauigel induftryboth of painting and earning, anddoemake pi- Jj^J*.^^*? ^"r £lures of beaflsjbif ds and men,as well in ftone as in wood, ofpaintine aspretilicasgoodworkemeninthcfcparts 5 and nof with- and earning. (landing they feme not themfelues with them in adorati- on , but onely to plcafethe fight, and the vfc of fome pri- uattooles,asinTabacco-pipes. Andinthat(aslhauefaid at the firft)thoughthe)^bc without diuine worfhip,! praifc them more than i\ic Virginians andallocher Torts of peo- ple, which more beafts than the very beads worfliip and Kucrence fenfeleflc things. Captaine Laudonniere in his Hiftoryof Florida, faith TheFJoridf- that they of that Country hauc no knowledge of God,nor am. of any religion, but of that which appvtareth vnto them, as chc Sunne and the Moonej to whom,neuerthele{rc, I findc \ not jn all the faid Hiftory that they make any adoration^ / y g fauing. •ft, • * 2} M . u .1 .> m -,.,,11. », " , If. M l\\}'^ r:; ','V iiliii'll ■ -J Vii : li", <■ 'if-i!; !i Betleforefit falfc report. iauing that when they goc to wane, the FAracduJim^litih i fomcpraier to the Sunne for toobtaine viftory,and which being obtained he yccldeth him praifes for it,with fongs to > the honour of him , as I haue more particularly fpoken in my firft booke the lo. chapter. And notwithft^nding LMonfieur De Belleforeft writeth to haue taken from the faid Hillory that which hcmentioncth of tlieii bloudie fa- crifices , like to thzmoiihtMexicaws, aflcmbling th^m- ', felues in one field, and fetting vpthercthcir lodges, where after many dances and ceremonies, they life vp in the aire and offer to the Sunne, him vpon whom the lot is fallen to be facrificed. If he bee bold intliis thing,heprcrumeth no lefl'e where he writeth the like of rhe people ofCamda, whom he maketh facrificers of humane bodies , although they neuer thought on it. For if Captaine lames ^artier hath fcen fome of their enemies heads, dreflcd hkc leather, fet vpon peeces of wood, it doth not follow that they haue beenc facrificed, but it is their cuftome to doe fo, like to the ancient Gaulois,thatis to fay, to take off the heads of their enemies whom they haue killed, and to fet them vp in, or ^ without their Cabins as a Trophee : which is vfuall thorow all the Weft Indies. Tovetuinctoouv FUhdianSy if any one will call the ho- nour they doe to the Sunne, to be an aft of religion, I will not contrary him. For in the old time of the golden age, when that ignorance found place amongft men , many (confidering the admirable cfFefts of the Sunne and of the Moone , wherewith God vfeth to gouerne things in this low world) attributed vnto them thereuerence due to the s Creator : And this maner of reuerence is expounded vnto lob aT.Yerf. vsby/o^^ when he faith : If I hane beholden tne Sunne in i6, 27. ^^ hrightneffe, andthe Moone running cleere : and if my heart J hath beenfeducedinfecret^and my mouth hath H^ijfedmy hand: this aifo had beene an iynijMitj to be condemned : for I had de- nied the great God aboue. As for the hand kiflingit is a kind of reuerence which is yet obferued in doing homages. Noc id which 1 fongs to pokcn in ift^nding from the oiidie fa- igthwin- cs, where the aire s fallen to imcth no although Qh artier c leather, hey hauc ike to the :1s of their »vpin,or is vfuall ill the ho- on, I will ildenage, n , many ind of the gs in this luctothe ided vnro ?Sunnem ^my heart Imjhand: I had de- : is a kind lomagcs. Not 15^ Ezfch 8. ver. 16. JNlfUd Franeia, Not being able to touch the Sunne, they ftretch forth their hands towards it, then killed it : or they touched his Idoll, and afterwards did kille the hand that had touched it. And into this idolatry did the people of [frael fometime fall, as we fee in E^echieL In regard nithzBrdfilians, I finde by the difcourfe of lohnDe Leri (whom I had rather follow than a Spanill^ Brafilians. - Authour, in that which he hathfeene) that not onely they are hke vnto ours, without any forme of religion or know- ledge of God, but that they are fQ blind and hardnedin their ant hrop op hagicy that they fecmeto be in no wife ca- pable of the Chnftian dodlrine. Alfo they arc vifibly tor- mented and beatCi Sy the diuell (which they cali Aigmn) and with fuch rigoi, that when they Tee him come, fome- times in the (hape oi a beaft ,fometimes of a bird ,or in fomc ftrange forme, they are as it were, in defpaire. Which is rotwith the other Sauages, more hitherward, towards New-found- land 9 atleafl with fuch rigor. For lames ^^/^mfrreportcth thathecaQeih earth in their cies, and they call him Cudomgni : & there, where we were ( where they call him AoHtem)\ haue fometimes heard that he had fcratched CMemhertou^ beingthen, as it were, a kindeof Soothfaierof the Country. When one tels the ^r^//^«j that onemufl: beleeueinGod , they like thatadnice well enough, but by and by they forget their leflon andreturnc ao-aineto their ownc vomit, whichisaftranGiebrutinines, not to be willing at the lead toredceme thenifelues from thediucls vexation, by religion : Which makcth them vnexcufable , feeing alfo they haue fomc memory remai- ning i'ltlictn of the generall flood , andoftJie Gofpeli (if itbcfo that their report be true) for they make mention in their fono;s that the waters beincr once ouerfiowne, did couerall the earth , and all men were drowned , except their Grandfathers, who faued themfelues vpon the high- efhrecs oftheir Country. And of this flood other Saua- ^Q^J^g/^-.^ ges, mentioned by mc cife whcrc,hauc alfo fomc tradition, cj^.p^.r. I'M Hi ■ 'I'll I>5' ^ 1 i»''!'!i''ll ; I'.'ijPM ' '^Bm\ i> ■! ^tlli- :fi^ p. 1 ; • .5):i ,,|.fi ■ ^ il". lj^&.4 "I I ! As concerning the Gofpell, the faid de Leri faith) that ha<* { uing once found occanon to fl»cw vnto them the bcgin- I , ning of the world , and how it is meet to bccleuc in God, I and their miferable condition , they gaue care yneo him with great attentioni being all amazed tor that which they had heard : and chat thereupon , an ancient man, taking vpon him to fpeake^faid, that in truth he had recited won- derful things vnto them,which made him to call to minde, that which many times they had heard of their Grandfa* thcrs« that ofa long time fithence 4 >l/^ir (thati^ tofay^a Granger, clothed and bearded like to the Fren'.hmen) had beene there , thinking to bring them to the obedience of the God which he declared vnto them ^ and had vfed the hkc exhortatio vntothem:butthat they would not beleeuc him. And therefore there came another thither, who, in (igne of acurfe, eauc them their armours, wherewith (ince theyhaue killed one another :^nd that there was no like- hhood they (hould forfake thatmaner of life, becaufe that all their neighbour Nations would mocke them for it. But our Softriquois, Canadians and their neighbours are not fo hardenedin their wickcdlife, no neither the J^rgim- an^not F/ori£am9 but will receiue the Chriftian dodlrine very eafily, when it (hall pleafe God to ftirre yp them that beabletofuccourthem, neitherare they vifibly tormefu ted, beaten andtorne by the Diuell,as this barbarous peo- ple ofBraJt/t which is a (Irange malediction , more parti« cular vnto them, than to other Nations of thofe parts. Which makcth me belceue that the voice of the Apoftles mavhaue reached fofarre, according to the faying of the faid old ancient man,to which hauing (lopped their eares j they beare a particular puni(hment&r it, not common to others, which peraduenture haue neucr heard the word of God,fincethevniucrfallfioud, whereofall thofe Nations, in more than three thoufand leagues of ground haue an ob- fcure knowlcdgCjwhich hath becnc giuen them by ttaditi- ■ ^ on firom father to fbnnc. Chap* N0ii4 Frdffcia, Ul Chap. VL Of the Ssoth'fAisrs and AfaJIers of the Cerem9mei among the Indians* IXVill not call(as fome hauc donc)by the name of Pricfts, thcmchat make the ceremonies and inuocations of di- uels among the Weft Indics,but in as much as they hatic the vfc of facriHces and gifts that they offer to their Gods, Hc!>r.8. vcrC for as much as (as the Apoftle faith) euery Prieftor B lliop ^ is ordained to olfer gifts and facrificcs : fuch as were them o^CM^iXico^ the greateft whereof was called Papas, who of- fered incenfe to their Idols , the chiefe of them was that of the god whom they did name Fit^i/ipttztU, although nc- uertheleffe, thcgenerall name of him, whom they held for fupreamc Lord and author of all things,was Viracocha^ to whom they attributed excellent qualities , calling him P achacamac, w\\ich is, Creator of Heaucn and Earth : and VfapH , which is,admirablc , and other fuch hkc names. They had alfo facrificcs of men, as them ofperou haue yet, which they facrificedin great number, aslofepheyfcofta ioait.^eol!a, difcourfeth thereof at large. Thofc may be called Priefts U^. j. ch, zo. or Sacrificcrs : But in regard ofthcmof^/r^wwandF/m- da, I doe not fee any facrificcs they make , and therefore I will qualifie them with the name oifVifards^ or Matters of the Ceremonies of their religion, which inFloridal^w^c to be called larvars , and loanas : in Virgima, Vniroances : mBraJtll Caribes : and among ours ( Imeane the Sari- {jHoii) Aiitmolm* Latidannier e,(pcakmgo{ F/orida : They hauc (faith he) their Priefts, vnto^hom they giuc great credit, becaufc they be great Magicians, great Sooth^iers and callers ondiuels. Thefc Priefts doc ferue them for Phyficians and Chirurgians, and carrie alvvaies with them abaggefullofhearbesand druggcs to phyfickc them that be ficke, which he, the moft parr, ofthc great pockes : for thcyloue women and maidens very much, whom they X call 21. a »> jj >» 5> L't 190 f f \iW j. • 4' i /'I'^tm^ .yJo/jC call tlie daiigjuers of the Sunne. If there be any thing fo be treated, the King calleth the Urvars, and the ancicnttft men , and deniandcth then- adiiicc. Sec inorcoucr what I haiie VYiitccn hecretofore in the fixt Chapter of the firlt booke. As for them or/'i!>^^/;;/^,ihey are no [eH'e fiittle than them of/"Vi/r/Wrf,arid do procure credit to thcmfcliics, mak- ing them to be rcfpefted, bytrickesor Oiewof rcHgionj hkcto them that vvc haiic fpoken of in the laft chapter, fpeakingoffomc dead men rifen vp againe. It is by fnch meanes,and vnderpretcftohehgion that the /w^//^madc thcmlelues heeretoforethe greatcfl Princes of e^/»ir;V^. And them of thefe parts that would dcceiue and bhnde the people haue hkewifc vied of that futtelty, as Nnma, Tom- filiHs, Liiander, Sertoruis, and other more recent, doing (as {i\t\\Plntarke) as the plaiers of tragedies, who dcfirous ro (licw foorth thmgs. ouerrcaching the humane ftrcngth, hatie refuge to the fuperior power ofthe Gods. The AoHtmoins ofthe laft land ofthe Indies which is the ncercft vnto vs, are not fo blockifli but that they can make / the common people to attribute fomc credit vnto them. i , For by their nnpoftures they liuc and make thcmfelucs . cftecmedto bcnccefiaryj playingthcpartof Phyficions and Chirurgionsas well as the FloriSam. Let the great '^md Chi- ^"^^^^^^^ AicmbertoH be an example thereof. If any body rurgions of ^^ fickc, he is fent for, he maketh inuocations on his diuell , heblowcth vponthe partgricued, hcmaketh incifions, fuckeththebadbloudfromit : ifitbeawoundhehealeth it by the fame raeanes , applying a round (lice of the Bea- uersftoncs. Fmally, fomcprefcnt is made vnto him, ci- ther of vcnifon or skinnes. If it be queilion to haue ncwes of chings abfent, hauing firft queftioned with his fpirit, he icndreth his oracles commonly doubtful), verv often falfej out fomctimcs true : as when he was asked whether Pano- ftiacsHtvt dead, hefaid, that vnlefle he did recurne within fiftecne daies, they fiiould not expert him any more, and shat he was killed by the ^rmouchiquois. And for to haue . ;.- this shcSauages. thing; fo ICiCIlttlt r what I die fird ttlcthan cs, mak- cligion, chapter, by fuch /^ made America, indethe ■i^a Tom' It, doing idelirous Ircngth, ichisthc can make ito them, lemfelucs byficions the great my Body hisdiuell, incidons, lehcaleth theBca- I him, ci- ne ncwes fpiiitjhe ften falfe, herP^w.''- nc within nore, and )rtohauc this this anfwcr he mud be prcfentcd with feme gift. For there is a triuiall proucrbc amon*; the Grcekcs , which bearctli , That without niony Phabiis Oracles arc dumbc. The fame Mcinbertou rendered a true Oracle of our commina: to Monfienr dii Pont, when that he parted li om Port Roy- all , for to returne into France , fccjngtheij. daieofliily parted without hauingany newcs. For he did mainraine Itilljand did afijimc that there lliould come a llvip,and that ; Ills diuell had told it him. Item when the Sauagcs be a hun- gredthcy confultwith Aicmhertopi^s 0\;xdz , and he laitli vnto them, Go yee to fuch a place & you dial finde game. Ithappeneth fomctimes that they findefome, andlomc- times none. If it chance that none be found, the excufe is, that the bead is wandering and hath changed place : buc fo it comes to pafle, that very often they finde (ome : And this is it which makes them beleeue that this diuell is a god, and they know none other, towliom notwithftand- ingtheyyecld not any fcruice nor adoration in any forme of religion. When that thefc Aoutmoins make their movjxs and How the moppes, they fix a ftaffe in a pit, to which they t\z a cord, -^•"'^w^'"' and putting their head into this pir,they make inuocations il^"^!',^^^ * or coniurations in a language vnknowen to the others that arc about, and this with beatings and bowlings, vntill they fweat with very paincrye il haue not heard that they fome at the mouth as the Turkes doe. When this diuell is come, th\smafter ^(?«/w^<7/« makes them beleeue that he holdcth him tied by his cord, and hoideth faft againft him 5 forcing him to giue him an anfwcr before he let him goe. By this is knowen thcfubtilty of this enemy of nature , whobcgui- Icth thus thefe miferable creatures , and his pride withall, in willing that they which doe call vpon him, yeeldvnto him more fubmiflion then eucrthe holy Patriarches and Prophets haue done ro God , who haue onely praied with , . tneirfaces towards the 2;roui]d. r>r.j.;>of-h That done he beginneth to (jng fome thing (as Ithinke) Di, til, X a to he IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) k // / ^:^' K. 11.25 ■ 50 "^^ li^H 1^ 1^ ■ 40 IIS I llnl; I 2.0 lA U 116 .■» Hiotograpiiic .Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STIEET WEBSTER, N.Y. MSM (716) 872-4503 iV V 4 o ^ ^J^^ ^V^ 6^ ^ 1^4 \ -~^_ NiMFuncU to thepraife of the diucll, who hath difcouercd feme game vntothem : and the other Sauages that ar« there doc an- fwcr, making fome concordance of muficke among them. Then they dance after their maner, as we will hecreaftcr fay , with fongs which I vnderftand not , neither thofcof ours that vnderftood their fpecchbcft. But one day go- ing to walke in our Medowes along the riuer, Idrewneere to LMembertous cabine, and did write in my table booke part of that which I vnderftood, which is written there yet in thefc termes 5 haloet ho ho he he ha ha haloet ho ho he\ which they did repeat diuers times. The tune is in my faid table bookc in thefc notes : refafolfolrefolfolfafarerefol folfafa. One fong being ended, they all mad e a great ex- clamation, faying E\ Then began againe another fong, faying : Egrigna hau egrigna he he hu hu ho ho cgrigna hat* hau hau. I'he tune of t n is yjdiSifafafafolfolfafa re refolfol fa fa refafafolfolfa, Hauing made the vfuall exclamation they began yet another fon^ which was : Tameia alleluia tameia dou veni hau hau he he. The tune whereof was : fol folfolfaja re re refufa fol fa fol fa fa re re. I arcentiucly hark- ned vpon this word alleluia repeated fiindry times, and could neuer hcarc any otherthing. Which ir^kcth nice thinke that thefc fongs are to the praifes of the diuel,if not- withftanding this word fignifie with them that which it (]^ni6eth in Hebrew, which '\%yPraifeye the Lord. All the other Nations ofthofe Countries doe the like : but no bo- dy hath particularily dcfcribcd their fongs , im\D^fohyide Lert, w li o fa i th that the Brafiliam d o c ma ke a s good a gree- ments, in their Sabbaths. And bcina;bnedav attheirfo- Icmuity he doth report that they faid, He he he he he he he Kehehe-^ with this note ifafajolfafafclfolfjlfotfol. And that done they cried but and howled after n fcarefull maner the fpace of a quarter of an houre, and the women did skip violently in the aire vntill they fomed at the mouth : then began againe their mufike, laying : Hen hcHraiire heftraheiiraiire heiira henraonech : the note is ^ fa mi re fol fot fol/btfami re mire mi vt re. This authour faith that in this fong, they bewailed their dcccafled fathers, which were {o vaUant , and ncucrthelede they comforted themfelues for that after their death, they were aflured to goe to them bc- hindc the high Mountaines,whci e they fliould dauncc and be merry with them. Likewifc that they had, with all vc- hemency, threatned the Onetacas their enemies to be in ve- ry fhort time taken and eaten by them, according as the Caraiifcshsid promifcd them : and that they had alio made mentionof the floud fpokenofin the former chapter. I Jeaue vnto them that doc write of Demommame to philofo- phizc vpon that matter. But moreoucr,Imuft fay that whilert our Sauages do fing in thatmaner before faid, there be fome others which doe nothing elfe butfay/Z^orZ/cr (like to a man that cleaueth wood) with a certaine motion ofthearmes : anddaunce in round, not holding one ano- ther, nor moouing out of one place, ftriking with their feet againd the ground, which is the forme of their daunccs, hkevntothofc which the faid DeLeri reportethof them ofBrafill, which are aboue 1 5 00. leagues from that place. After which things our Sauages make a fire and leap ouer it, as the ancient Cananites, Ammonites,and fomctimcs the Ifraelitcs did : but they are not fo dcteftablc, for they doe not facrjfice their Children tothediuell, thorow the fire. Bclides all this, they put halfc a pole out of the top of the Cabin where they are, at the end whereof there is fomc MatachiAS y or fome thing elfe tied, which the diucllcari- cth away. Thus hauc I heard the difcourfc of their maner of doing in this matter. There may beheere confiiered a bad vfe toleapeoucr the fire , and to make the children to pafTe thorow the flame in the fire made vpon S. lohnBaptills dayj which cuftome indurech yet to this dav amon2;vs, andoudltto be reformed. For the fame commeth from the ancient ab- ominations that God hath fo much haced , whereof T"^*?- £><^or^/fpcaketh in this wife ; Jhattefeene {(iahhc) in fome X 3 Tonvncs l^S The d.iimccs ofthe Saua- ges. Lcuir.zo.vc Deiju.r. I a. verf. 31. and 18. vtiH 10. • and.), of Kin. 17.vcr17.31. Pial. 10^. S. lohns l)on« fire. Thcod. vpon the i^.clijp, ofthcfocrih booke of Kings. 7 [ i66 NouVnnch. Townei piles of wood kindled onceajearii Andftot emlychil^ drento I cape oner them, hut alfo mcnydnd the mothers heartnn thcr chtldrcn otter the flame, rrhich didfeeme vtito them to he /ts an expiation and purification, 4^^,;as ^1*^^^ ^°°^'* aforetime the Sphraiimtes hauing loft the battel againft the °j ^^J(^6 ^ Galaadites , thinking to fcapc away, were well knowen in paflTing the riucr Jordan, in pronouncing the word Shib^ boleth, which (ignifieth an -.Jrc of Corne, in ftead whereof they did fay StbbolethysMQ\^ fignififcth thefoord ofa riucr, asking if they might well paflc. The Greekes had alfo a fundry pronunciation of the felfefame word , becaufc they had foure diftinft tongucs,varying from the commou fpcech. And in Platttfu we read that the "Peaneftins not farre diftant from Rome did pronounce Konia , in ftead of ^iconia. Yea euen at this day the good wiues of Paris doe yet fay , mm Courin, for mon Cottjin, which is my Co- zen: and mon (J^fa^i, for moft i^^r;,jWhich fignificth huf- band. Now to retumc to our Sauagcs: although that by rca (on of traffickc many of our Frenchmen doe vnderftand them, J^^^^^ a7a*nL* notwithftanding they hauc a particular tongue, which is ^[^i^^ tongue. Y 2 onely Wi* »7» Their marci- ohHunbc- ring. SoUUjTtUii, 7^m Franck. oncly knowcn to them ; which rrakcth nic ro doiilc of that which Ihauc faicl,that the language which was in dimda m (he time oUamcs ^hiartur is no n:orc in vie. Foi to ac- commoflatcthcnjlcliics with vs.ihcy fpcakc viito vs in the lan that, which all them that hauc written of them doc fay they hauc molt admired, to fee that by a peccc of paper I giuc knowledge of my will fiom one end of the v*^orld ro the other 5 and they thoiij;iit that there iliould be enchantment in this paper. But that is not fo much tobcwondredat, ifweconlidcrtharinthe timcof thcRomane Empcrours, many Nations of thefc parts knew not thefecrcts of letters, amongd whom Taci- Dutch men. Ttis pu tteth the Germans (who at this day doc fwarmc with menof learning) and he addeth a notable fcntcnccj that good mancrs arc in more credit chere^thcn good lawes elfc- whcre. As for our Gaullois , it was not fo with them. For cucn G««fl«/V. from the old time of the golden age they had the vfc of let- ters, yea (by the Icauc of thofc godly doftours who do call them Barbarous ) before the Grcekcs and Latines. For Xenophon (who fpeaketh largely of them , and of their be- ginning in his e>^^«/«07»tf/^ doth witneflc vntovs, that the letters which Cadmus brought to the Cjreek,es v.cre not fo much like to the r/jiCw/V/Vw letters, as the C/^Aj/^^'w were, \ thatis the CW/o//. Wherein C make ir^ntion. But the fame Diodore wiitctli,tiiat Poets were among them in fiich reucreiicc, that when two armies were ready to(lnkc,ha- uing their (words drawcn, and the iauelins m hand to giue theonlct, thofe Poets conmiing , eiiery one did liirceafc and put vp their weapons :io much doth wrath giue place (o wiiedome, yea among the wildeQ Barbarians , and fo much doth -^/^r/reuercncc the Mufes, faith the Authour. So I hope that our rao(l Chrillian.moQ Augud, and mod vi ftorious king //^w-j' the Fourth , after the thundnng of befieging of towncs and battels is ceafed , uuerencing the AiHJes^ and honoring them , as he hath atrcadie done, eldcll Dau^h- not onely he will reduce his eldcft daughter to her ancient tens ih« Vin- g]ory,and giue vnto her being a roiall daughter, thepro- ris! "^ ° prietie of that BAfilic, faftcncd to the temple of Apollo, Gefnerm In who , byan hidden vertue, did hinder that the Spiders theticaties of fliould weaue their webbc along liis walles : But will Serpents. ^jf^ c{labli(h his New France , and bring to the bofome of the Church fo many poore fo) iles which that countrey beareth, al ilarued for the want of the word of God, who are as a pray vnto hell : And that for to doe this hee will This ^f c"J^ giue meanes to condu£l thither, Chridian Sarromdes and xcale ^^oj||j^ Bardesy bearing the Flowcr-dcluce in th«ir hearts, who EngUiircou. Will inftruft and bring to ciuilitie thofe barbarous pco» pkiaud will bring them to his obedience. The Kings rage for Vir- giniat Ch A P. IX. Of their clothing and wearing of their haires. God in thebeginningdid create man naked, and in- nocent, madcall the parts ofhis body to bee of ho- ned (ight.But (in hath made the members of gene- ration to become /hamcfull vnto vs, and not vnto beafts which haue no finne. It is the caufc why our fird parents hauin^ NcuA Fraftcia. 175 hauinjgknowcn their nakedncflc.dcnitutc of clothes, did Gcnf. 5. fow hggc Icaucs together foi to hide their lliamcthcic- with : But God madcvntoihcnicoatcsofskinncs, and clothed chcm with itj and this before they wen t one oKthc garde of Ederi,C\othm» then is not only to defend vs from coidjbiitalfofordccencic, and to coucrour (lianie. And ncucrchcieilc many nations hauc anciently lined , and at this day doc line naked, without appielunfion of this fhamc, dcccncie, and honcilie. And 1 mat-uell not of the Bidfiiun Sauages thar are luch,as well men as vvomen,nor of the ancient Pifts (a nation of great Briraine) who (//f- rcdia-i fjith ) had not any vfe of clothes, in the time oi i>- tterns the Enipcrour : nor of a great number of other na- tioi.stlutliauebeene and yet are naked: for one may (ay ofchcm,iliatrhcy be people fallen nuo a reprobate fenfc, and fbrlaken of God : Bur of Chriflians wliich are in 9y£thtopt4 vnder the gieat Nciw, whom we call Prefter* //?(?«; which,by the report of tnc Porcingals that hauc wri- tenhifloriesofthem, naucnoctheirpartswhich wee call priuie members, any waies couered. But the Sauages of Wcw France and o{ Florida, haue better learned and kept in minde thcleflbn of honeftie , than thoCe of ng li aires, >tbedeni- afion gaue ^//peaking y, becaiifc did beat Gregory of h it Capita •ft to hang :d, which fafhion of pparell,in Hjftoryof i that the I'ofoitsof cd hairy, •ngs : and !ut I finde N^ation of ?s on the he Souri" ^uchiejHops doe ^79 N4UA Frmidl doe differ from the SoHriquois and other Sauages of New- found-land,which is, that they pull out their haires before, which the others doe not. Contrary to whom, Pliny reci- tcth that at the defcent of the Ripheen Mountaincs ancient- '*''"• ly Was the region of the tyfrimpheens , whom we now call ^ ^P* ' ^* CMnfcoHtteSy who dwelt inforefts, but they were all flia- uen as well men as women, and tooke it for aihamefull thing to weare any haires. So we fee that one felfc fame faHiion of liuingis receiued in one place and rci j^cd in a- nother. Which is famibarily cuident vnto vs in manyo* thcr things in our regions of thefe parts, where wc fee ma- ners and falhions of liuing, all contrary ,yea fometimes vn- der one and the fame Prince. Chap. X. ^f the forme , colour , flattire, undaBiuity of the Socages : 4nd incident ly of the flies in thofe fV eft erne farts : Ma why the Americans he not blacke, &c» AMongft all the formes of liuine and bodily crea- tures y that of man is the faireuand the moflper* fe£)r. Which was very decent, both to the creature and to the Creator, feeing that man is placed in this world ro command all that is heere beneath. But although that Nature indeuoureth herfelfe alwaies to doe good , not- withflandine fhee is fometimes (hort and forced in her a£lions, and thereof it commeth that we hauemonders andvgly things,contrary to the ordinary rule of others. Tea euen fometimes after that nature hath done her ofHce, we helpe by ourarres to render that which ihe hath made, redicufous and mifshapen : As for example, tht'BraJilians are borne as faire as the common fort of men,but comming out of the wombe, they are made deformed in fquizing of - their nofe , which is the chiefcft part wherein confifleth the beauty of man. True it is that as in certainc Countries :a ^ Z z they 6 bookc te' I The Biafili- ^'^^X P*'4ifc the long nofcs, in others the hawke nofcs, fo a- ans be O^orc mong the Braftlians it is a fairc thing to be flat nofed, as al- »ofcrtf^n'fpeakingofthe(jor|^««« and lies Gorgonides (which are thofe of C Verd) faith, that the men are there fo U«^hc of foote,that fcarfc one may follow them by the ey e- ° AsL fighc, iis Monilrouj bodies. cap. J I, Inthisau* thorhisfe- cond booke^ chap. 15. Nimbleneflc of bodic, Gorge nc*» M I i-* I L (ight, in fuch maner , that Hatmo the Carthaginian could not catch any one of them. He makcth the Tike relation oftheTrofflodj/tes, a nation of CjHinee, whom hce faith arc CQi^z^iTherothoens, bccaufcthey are asfwift inhuming vpontheland,astheyf/;/A^£»/>/j4^w are prompt infwim-. in^inchcfea, who almoQ are as feldome wearie therein asafiih. kndi^^^i^eus in his Hiftories of the Indies re« porteth, that the N Aires ( fo the nobles and warriours arc called) of the kingdome oiLMaUbaris, are fo nimble and fo fwift,as it is almoft incredible , and doc handle fo well their bodies at will, that they feeme to haiie no bones , in fuch fort, thai it is hard to come to skirmifh againfl fuch men, forafmuch as with this agilitie, they aduance and re- coile as they li(l. Bur for to make themfelucs fuch, they heipe nature , and their (inewes are (Irctchcd out euen Se/4M«a kind from feucny ceres of age, which afterward arc anointed ofcorne,P/i- and rubbcd with oilc of J'^wxxxi. That which I fay, is f». /i.i«.c4.io. knowen euen in beads :fora SpaniQi Genet or a Barbeis more liuely and light in running , than a Rooffm or Ger« main Curtail $ an Italian horfe more than a French horfe. Now although that which I bauc faid be true , yet for all that there be nations out of the Tropins, who by cxer- cife and Art come to fuch agilitie. For the holy Scripture makcth mention of one Ha<.aeian Ifraelite, of whom it witnedcthjthathewas as light of foot asaRoe buckeof the fields. And for to cometo the people of the North, the Heru/i are renouned for being fwift in runing,by this \zx£co^ Sidoniw : Curfu HeruluSj iacnlls HHnnHS^TrAncufque natatu. And by this fwiftncCTe the Germans fometimcs troubled very much lulim Ctfar, So our ArmoHchiqHois are as (wift as greyhounds, as we haue faid hecrtof<>re| and the other Sauagcs arc little inferior vnto them, and yet they do not force nature, neither doe they vfe any Art to run well. Bur as the ancient Gmlois, being addicted to hunting (for it Haxael. %, Samuel x« •Hi T^jM Franeia. 287 tt is their life) and to warrc, their bodies are nimble , and fo little charged with fatte, that it doth not hinder them irom ruiiningarcheirwill. Now thcSauagcs dexteritie is not knowenonely by Their Jcxte- runnij^gjbiitalfoinfwimniing; which they all can doc; I'tieinlWim* hilt i I fccnies, that fome more than others. A% for the Bra-- ^"8* /7//^»j they are fb naturall in that trade, that they would iwinmie eight dales in the fca, if hunger did not prclTe thcm,andtTicyfearc more that fome filli (liould dcuourc them, than to perifli through wcarinefl'e . Thelike is in Florida, where the men will follow a fi(h in the fca, and will rake it vnleile it be too bigge. lofcph yicofia faith fo much of them oiPern, And as for that which concern- eth breathing , they haueacertaine Art tofuppevp the water, and tocaflit out againe, by which raeancs they willremaineeafilyinitalongtime. The women hkewife haue a maruellous difpoHtion to that exercife : for the Hi- (lory oi Florida maketh mention that they can paife great riuers in (wimming , holding their children with one arme : and they dimbe very nimbly vpthe higheft trees of the countrey. I will affirme nothing oithcArmQttchi^ ^Hoisy nor of our Sauages , becaufe I tooke no heed to it : but it is very- certaine chat all can fwim very cunningly. For the other parts of their bodies they haue them veric pcrfeft, as Hkewife the natu rail fenfes. For miemhertoH (who is aboue an hundred yeeres old) did fee fooner a ^ (haloupeoraCanow of the Sauages, to come afarre ofF vnto Fort Royall, than any of vs : and it is faid of the Bra- 7?A^»x and other Sauages of Pern hidden in the moun- taines, that they haue the fmelling fo good , that in fmcl- , ling of the hand, they know if a man be a Spaniard or a ) French man : And if he be a Spaniard, they kill him with' out remiflion, fo much doc t hey hate him for the harmes that they haue receiuedof them. Which theabouefaid Acofta doth confeflc when he fpeaketh of leaning the In- MoflaMh.6\ dians to hue according to their ancient policic,reprouing («f. i* Aa 2 the • J •I ••= ! I s«- i8t KcMTrsmii. the Spaniards in that. And therefore ( (kith he ) this is a thing preiudiciall vntovs, becaufetnac they take occa- fion to abhor vs (note that he fpeakcth of them who doc obey them^ as men who in ail things, whether it be in good, whether it be in cuill| hauc alwaic^ b^cnc > and Qj\\ ace^ contrary vnto chcip* Ch A p. XI. Of the Paifitings , LMark,es^ Inctfiwi, 4mei Ornaments of their hodjf, T is no marueli if the Ladies of our time do paint then^- felues : for of a long time and in many places tiiat trade hath had beginning. But it is reprooued in the holy bookes , and made a reproach by the voices of the Pro- phets , as when leremj threatneth the Citie of lerufAlem : lcrem.4.v«f. ivhenthoujhait bedefiroied (faith he) whatwihthoH eUe? though thou clothejithyfelfewithsk^lety though thou deckr eii thyfelfe with Ornaments of gold, though thou faint eft thy face with colours^ yet ^altthou trin^ thyfelfe invaine : for thylouers will abhor thee , andfeel^ thy life. The Prophet E^echiel maketh the like reproach to the Cities oilerufa- lemsind Samaria, which hecomparethto cwoleaud har- lots, who hauingfcntto feeke out men comming from ^r, and beingcomc,they haue wafhed themfelues,and painted their faces , and haue put on their faire ornaments. The Queene lefabeldo'ing the fame^was for all that cad downe out of a window, andhxrcthe punifhmcnt of her wicked life. The Romans did anciently paint their bodies with Vermillion (as Pliny faith) when they cntrcd in triumph into Rome, and headdeth, thatthe Princes ^ great Lords ofSthiopia made great account of that colour, wherewith they wholly painted themfelues red :alfo both the one and the other didferue themfelues therewith to make their god fairer : And that thefirft expence which was allowed of by the Cenfors and Maftersof Accounts in Rome was of Ezech. 2 J. verr,4p. 4.Kmgs.p. verf 30. V 7(sifd Frdffcia. 289 of tlie monies bcftowcd for to colour with vermilion the face of lupitcr. The fame author rcciteth in another place, people oiLiifj/1, did plaifter all their bodies ouer with red chaulkc. Bricfcly,thi$ fafliion did palTcasfarreas to the North. And thereof is come the name that wasgiuen to the Pi6ls,an ancient piop\co(Scjithia , neighbours ro tho (7o//;w,who in they care 87. after the Natiuity of our Lord lefits Chrift , vnder the Empire of Domitian made courfcs and fpoiles thorow the lies which lie Northward, where hauing found men who made themre(iflance,thcyretur« ned backe without doing anv thing, and liued y ec naked in their cold Countrie vntiU the yeare of our Lord 3 70. At which time vnder the Empire o^ Valentinian being ioy- jmmiM it, ned with the Saxons and Scots they tormented very much i'C, & 17* them of Great Britan, as ^yimmian Aiarcellin reciteth: and being refolued to remaine there (as they did) they deman- ded of the Britons (which now are EngUHimen } wiues in marriage. Whereupon being denied, they retired them -> felues to the Scots,of whom they were fumi(hed, vpoa condition that the mafculinerace of the Kings comming Co faile among them, that then the women (hould fucceed in the Realme. Now thefc people were called T/c ) fo tlic vfes ofpainting, whereof we haue fpo- ken reniaiaech in fome Northerly Nations. For Ihaiie heard fornetimes Monfieur Le Comte /)'^/VT»defcribeththem. This humour of painting hauing beene fo gencrall in thefe parts , there is no caufe of mocking, if the people of the varrc 'refi , and •feruation bcic that ^ones, be ^'crc anci- :fle I may :m for the lues once he length •Tuefday Iiaue fpo- or Ihaiic :ll,thathe 'come in- painting, iduenture ^nifieth in itailthofe >uld make y^/. Nati- vity, and rheEug- faying of lents, did Bricfcly, ivhichhe s voyage both fcx •dshang- thcm. inerall m )CopIcof the 191 Mud Fnncia. the Weft Indies haue done, and yet do the like : which is vniuerfall 6c without exception among thofe nations. For ifanyoneofthemmakethloue, hediall be painted with blue or red colour, and his Midres alfo. If they haue veni- fon in abundance ^ or be glad for any thing, they will doe the like generally. But when that they are fadde, or plot fome trcafon^then they ouercad all their face with blacke, and are hideoufly deformed. Touching the body,our Sa- nages apply no painting to it , which the firaiilians and Floridians doe, the moft part whereof are painted ouer the bodie, the armes and thighes withfaire branches j whofe painting can neuer be taken away, becaufe they are prick- ed within the Hefh. Notwithftanding many Braplians doe paint onely their bodies (without incinon)when they hfti and this with the iuice of a certaine fruit which they call genipat, which doth blacke fo much , that though they wadithemfelues, they cannot bee cleaneintenortwelue daies after. They oft/'/rfwi/i, which are more of this fide, Yirgi haue markes vpon their backs, hke to thofe that our mar- chants doe put vpon their packs, by the which ( euen as the (laues ) one may know vnder what Lord thev liue : which is a faire forme of gouemment for this people : fee- ing that the ancient Roman Emperors haue vfcd the Hke towards their fouldiers, which were marked with the Imperiallmarke, ^s Saint AHgttfline y SMnt Ambrofe^ and l^"^*"*"!', others doc witnefTevnto vs. Which thing C(?»/?^»^/«^ the ^g^piT' Great did likdwife , but his marke was the figne of the ^mbrcfAniht Crofle, which he made to be printed vpon the fhouldcrs funcrall ora- of his fouldiers , as hirafclfe faith in an Epiftle which hee ^^^ ^^ ^'*" wrote to the king of iP^^'/ Mm/'i M m ■ J 1 . 1 IP ^ himfelfe with the name oflncob : and the ether will write with his hand,! am the Lords, and will fur name himfelfe with the name oflfraeL The great Apoftlc S, Paul did bcarc the marks of the Lord lef'ta Chrifl in his flcfli , but it was yet after another maner, that i.s to fay, by thebrufes^ which he had on his body of the Clripes that he had reccaued for his name. And the Hebrewes had for inarke the Circiimci- fion of the foreskinne, by the which they are fequeflrcd from other nations, and knowen for Gods people. But as for other bodily incifions, fuch as anciently the TiEls did make j and the Sauages doe yet make at this day , they hauc beene anciently very exprefly forbidden in the Law of God giuen to Mejes, For it is not lawfull for vs to disfi- gure the image and the forme that God hath giuen vnto vs. Yea the pictures and paintings haue beene blamed andreproouedby the Prophets, as wee haue noted elfe-» where. And 7Vrr«///4» faith, thattheAngels which hauc difcouered and taught vnto men their paintings and coun- terfetted things, haue beene condemned of God : allea- ging for profe of his faying , the booke oi Enochs prophe- cie. By thefe things aboue recited, wee know that this hether world hath anciently been as much deformed and fauageas they of the Wed Indies ^ but that which feem- cth vnto mee moft woorthie of wondering, is the naked- neffe of thofepeople in a cold countrie , wherein they delight, euen to harden their children in the fnow, in the riuer, and among the Ice, as we touched heeretofore in an other chapter, fpeakingofthe Qmbres and French-men. Which alfo hath beene their chiefeft (Irengtli in the conquefts that they > haue made. • - •,: (V) :: CHAPr I&H4 Tranm* Chap. XII. IP3^ ' of thsir outward ormmsnts of the hodj, bracelets, CarkenctSyEare-ringSyC^c. WE that doc line in thefc parts vndcrtheautho- ritie of our Princes , and ciuilifcd common- wealths, haue two great tyrants of our life , to whom the people of the New world hauc not beene yet fubicftcd, the excefTes of the belly , and the ornament of body, and briefly all that which belongeth to brauerie, which if we (liould cad ofFj it would be a raeanc to recall the golden age, and to take away the calamitie which we fee in mod part of men. For hee which poiTciOreth much) making fmall expence, would beliberall,& would fuccour thcneedie,whereuntohcishindred, willing notonely to maintaine, but alfo to augment his traine, and to make (hew of himfelfe , very often at the cofts of the poorc p. . people , whofebloud hee fucketh , ^idevorant ^lebem ^anj**!^*'* meamjicut efcant pa»is, faith the Pfalmift. Ileauc that vcrf, j. which belongeth to food, not being my puipofe to fpeake ofit in this Chapter. Ileauc alfo the exccf Fes which confi- ^*", ^^' fleth in houdiold implements , fending the reader backe to Pimy, who hath fpoken amply of the Roman pompes andfupcrfluitic, asofveffelsafter the Fttrvieme and Cio^ ^/>»»^fafliion| of bed-fteades after the D e/ia^ef a(t\ionf and of tables all wrought with gold and (iluer imboHed $ where alfo he fetteth out a flaue DmfiUanHs Rotundm, who being Trcafurer of the higher Spaine, caufed a forge to be made for to worke a peece of Siluer-plate of Hue quintals weight, accompanied with eight other, all weighing halfc j^^^.^^^ l^ a quintall. I will onely fpeake of the Matachias of our Sa- bracelets i}ages,and fay, that if we did content our felues with their carkenecsy Hmplicity we Hiould auoid many troubles that we put our a"^ o«h« felues vnto to hauc fuperfluities, without which we might »o^^»«»' liuc contentedly (becaufe Nature is fatisfied with lictle)and Bb the im ih ii- II 51, In 1 i?4 f<^, lO, Mua Francia, the coueting whereof makes vsveryofcenco decline from the right way, and to ftray from the path of iudice. The exceiies of men doe confill the molt part in things which Ihauc faidlwill omir^ which notwithftanding i will not leaue vntouched, if it come to piirpofe. But Ladies haue alwaies had this reputation ; to loue excelTes ^n that which The Gift concerneth the decking of their bodies : And all the Mo* bookc Tdda^, ralifts who haue made profcffion to reprcfle vices haue mentioned them , where they haue found a laro-e fubicft to fpeake &f. Clement Alexandrine making a long nume- ration of womens trinckets (which he hath the moil part taken out of the Prophet Ifatah) faith in the end, that he is weary to fpeake fo much of it, and that he maruellechthat they are not killed with fo great a weight. Let vstake them then by thofe parts wherein they be complained of. TertuUian maruellcth of the audaciouf-* nefle of man, which fetteth himfelfe againft the word of our Sauiour, which faid : that it is not in vs to adde any thing to the meafure er height that God hathgiuen vnto vs: andnot* rvithftanding Ladies endeuour themfelnes to doe to the contra-- rj/i adding vpen their heads cages made of hair es , fajhioned liketoloanes of bread, to hats, to panniers, or to the hoUowneffe offcHtchions, If they he not ajhamed with thufuperfiuopts enor" mity, at leafl (faitn he) let them be ajhamed of the filth which they be are : and not to couer a holy and a Chriflian head with the leauings of another heady ^raaHenturevncleane, or guilty offome crime, and ordained to ajhamefulldeath. And in the fame place,fpeakingofrhem which do colour their haires: That is called Ifcefome (faith he) who doe change the colour of their haires CrecHfhantU* mthfaffron. They are ajhamed of their Countrie , and would be GauloiJ'e women, or ^erman women, fo much doe they dij'- S. Cjffr. in the guife themfelues. Whereby is knowen how much red haires b©okc of the ^gf g cftccmed in the old time. And indeed the holy v-ugms c o- Scripture praifeth that of Dauid,which wasfuch. Butto S. Weww, £f I. feekc it out by art , *> . Cyprian and S . Hiero me , with our CO Lata, TertuUian doc fay, that the fame doth prefage the fire of hell. Tert,inthc bookeofwo mens orna. ments. Aleflbn for tlie women of our time. m NiUdFrdncid. helLNow our Sauages, in chat which c(5nfiftcth in the bor- rowing of haircs , arc not rcprouablc : for their vanity ftrctcheth not fo farrc ; but for the colouring of chcm, for as much as when they arc merry, and paintthcirfaces, be it with blue or with red , they paint alfo tlieir haircs with the fame colour. Now let vs come to the cares, to the necke, to the armcs and to the hands, and there we fliall findc wherewith to bufie our fclues : thefcarc parts where iewels arc cafily feene : which Ladies haue learned very well to obferue. Thefirft men which haue had piety in them haue made confcience to offer any violence to Nature, and to pierce the cares for to hang any precious thing at it : for none is Lord of his owne members to abufethcm , fo faith the Ci- uilian V/pian, And therefore when the fcruant of ayf^ra- GcnC j^. vcr, ham went into LMefopotamia for to findc out a wife for Ifa- ^ *• ac^ and had met with Rebecca , he put vpon her forehead a iewell of gold hanging downcbetweenchereies, and alfo bracelets of gold vpon her hands : for which rcafonitis faid in the Prouerbs , that A f aire woman which lacketh dif- P'ow« 1 1. ver. cretion is like a golden ring inafivines fnout. But men haue ^ ^* taken more licence than they ought , and haue defaced the workmanlhipof God in them , to pleafe their owne fancies. Wherein I doc not wonder at the Urafilians) of whom we will heereafter fpcake) but of ciuiUfed people, which haue called othcrnations barbarous,but much more ohhe Chriftians of this age. When ^y^w^r^ did complainc Semc.T.oihz- of that which was in his time ; Thefollie of women (faith he) nefits. hadnot made men fubieU enough ^hut it hath beenejet behoue- full to hang two or three patrimonies at their eares. But what patrimonies ? They carry ( faith Tertullian ) 1 lands and TarmC'houfes vpon their necl^Sy and great regifiers in their eares contaimng the revenues of a great rich man, andeuery finffer oft he left hand hath a patrimony to play wit hall. Final- ly ,he cannot com pare them better than to condemned men that art in the Caucs o£ Ethiopia, w hich the more they arc Bb a culpable, / !ii *i ■iti Vir\ culpable, fo much the richer are they, becaufe that the fet- ters and bolts , wherewith they are tied, are of gold. But he exhortech the Chriftian women nottobefuchjforas vUn. Hh. 9. < ' much as thofe things are certaine markes of lafciuioufnes, *<i the ^.bookc. Npua Franch. for want ofpocVcc, and becaufcicis an implement which atull times is neccdary vnco them. Some haue girdle| made o{ OMatachias , wherewith they fcruc themfclues, only whenihcy will fct out themfclues and make them h\;k\iC.1\\Q jiutmciKs orSooth-faiers do carry before their breaQs feme figne of their vocation, as wc will heereafter lay. But as for the men of the ArmoHchtqHou they haue a faihiontowearcatthcir hand- wrcfts, and abouc the ancle- bone of the toot, aloout their Ic^ s, plates of Copper,fctter- wife,and about their walls g;irdles , fafhioned with Cop- per quils as longasthc middle finger filed together the length of a girdle, euen iuft of that fafhion which Herodiart rccitcthto hauebeenc in vfe among the P/^^?/, wher^wc haue fpoken , when he faith , that they girded their bodies and their necks with iron, cfteeming that to be a great or- nament vnto them, & a teftimony of their great riches, c- Siuage Scots, uen as other Barbarians do to haue gold about them. And there arc yet in Scotland Sauagc men,which neither ages, noryeeres , nor the abu.iJance of men could yet rccuic« vnto ciuilitie. And althougli that (as we haue faid) the men be notfo defirous oiLMatachias as the women, notwith- ftandingthemenof^r^//, not caring for clothing, take great plcafure to decke and garnifh themfelues with the feathers of birds , anddoevfethofc wherewith wcvfeto fill our beds whereon we lie, and chop them as fmal as pie- meat, which they die in red, with their Brafill-wood,then hauing anointed their bodies with certaine gums^ which feruc them in ftead ofpafte or glue,they couer themfelues with thofe feathers, and make a garment at one clap, after the anticke fafliion : which hath made (faith lohn de Leri in his Hiftorie oi America) thefirft of our men that went thitherto beleeue that the men which be called Sauages were hairie ouerall their bodies, which is nothing fo. For (aswee haue alrcadiefaid^the Sauages in whatpart foeuer, haue lelTer haires than wc. They oi Florida doc alfo vfc thiskinde of downe, but it is oncly about their heads, to make ment which lauc gircflcj thcmfelucs, make thcni before tlicir llliecrcafcer thcyhauea !cthcaiu)6- ppci,fcttcr- W'iih Cop- ogcrhcr the ch Herodiari , whcr^wc their bodies •c a great or- at riches, e- them. And cither ages, i yet rccUic« aid) the men n, notwich- )thing, take cs wjth the th wevfeto ifmalaspie- -woodjthen inis^ which themfelues c clap, after (ohn de Leri ri that went led Sauagcs lingfo. For art foeucr, ic loc alfo vfc ir heads, to make f: makcthenifelues more vghe. Befides this that wc«c saue raid, the BrMfitians doe make frontlets of feathers which fliey tie and fit in order of all colours : thofe frontiers be- ing like in failiion to thofe rackets or pcriwig^es , which Ladies vfe in thefe parts, the inuetuion whereof they fceme to haue learned of thofe Sauages. As for them of our New France, in the daies that be of folemnitic and re- ioycing among them , and when they goe to the warres, they haue about their heads as it were a crowne made with long haires of an Elian or Scagge , painted in redde, paded, or ocherwife faftned , to a nllec of leather of three fingers bredth,fuch as lames £li4artier£m\\ he had feene with the King(fo doth he call him) and Lord of the Saua« ges, which he found in the cowne of Hochelaga, But they doe not vfe fo many ornaments of feathers as the Brajilim anst which make gowncs of them, cappes, bracelets, gir- dles, and ornaments for their cheekes » and targets vpon their loines,of all colours, which would bee more tedious thandelightfulltofpecifie, fincc it is an eaiie matter for cuery one to fupplie the Qant, and to imagine what it is» Chap. Kill* Of Marriage, H Ailing fpokcn of the Sauages garments , deckings, ornaments and paintings, it hath feeraed good vn- to me to marry them, to the end thcgeneration of them be not loft, and thacthc countrie oemaine notdefert. For the firft ordinance that cucrGod made, was to in- creafeand multiply, and cuery creature capable of gene- ration to bring foorth fruit according to his kind. And to Tk- • • A the end to incourage young folkcs that doeraarrie, the Joffcoflhc lewes had a cuftomc anciently to fill a trough with Talmud in earth, in the whkh, a little before the wedding, they did theTreatie fowe barley, and the fame being fprung, they brought it of Idolatries to the Bridcgroome and the Bride , faying : JBrmg foorth I ^ Cc fi-Hit ^ ) ao2 ;h! Mil' Canadians. , if it >l! I, ■ a Oil.;, lu J! ,t;'| i'• « I with his daughtcr,andofthe brother with the fifter.Thefc / | excepted , all things are permitted . As for dowry, there is no mention of it. Alfo when any 'diuorcehapneth, the husband is bound to nothing. And althoudi that ( as it hath been faid) there is no promife of loialtie giuen before any fuperior power, neuertheles in what part foeuer, the wiues keepe chaflitie, aud feldome is any found that brea- keth it. Yea I haue heard oftentimes fay , that in y eelding The Sauage the dutie to the husband , they make themfelues often- women in times to be conftrained : which is rare in thefe parts. For a^jon*^*"®*^ the ^W/tfi/^ women are renowned by ^y^r/i^p to bee good Porters (Imeane fruitfull)and breeders : and contrariwife ^^ fruitfuU I doc not fee that the people doe abound as in thefe parts, JJ^omcn c/ although chat they all labour for generation, and that Po- the G4Hlef, Ijgamieis ordmarie with them , which was not amon^ the ancient Ga^iliois^ nor among the Germans, though they bee a more rullike people. True it is that our Sauages doc kill one an other daily , and are alwaiesin feare of their enemies » keeping watches vpon their fron- tiers. This frigidity of Venus bringeth an admirable and in- credible thing among thefe women, and which was not to be found euen among the wiues of the holy Patriarch /<«- cob , which is, that although they be many wiues to one \ husband (for l^olygamie isreceiued thorow all that New Polygamic ^^ ,^ Co 3 world) lif ■> ; 111.! m si W). 206' vcri.ii.and fa tollowing world) notwithftanding there is no icaloufic among them: \Nhichis mBrafill, a hoc Country as wellas^4«^^i^;Biit as for the men>thcy are in many places very lealous : and if the wife be found faulty (he (liall bcputaway, orindan- ii^ertobe killed by her husband : And in that (as for the ipKicotieloufic) there needes not fo many ceremonies as' tiiofc that were done amongfl: the lewcs, recited in the booke oi Numhtrs, And as tor diuorcement ,not hauine; the vfe of letters , they doe it not in writing, m giuing to Ji the wife a billfigned by a publike notary , As S. Z^ugujim "iuutlnm the doth notc , fpeaking of thefaid lewes : but arc contented 1 9. bookc, to tell to the parents,and vnto hcr,that flic prouide for her chnf) i6. fj-if-g . 3qJ thenflieliueth in common with the others, vn- till that fomc body doe feeke after her.This law of putting away hath beene receiued almofl among all Nations , ex- cxcept among the Chriftians, which hauekept this pre- cept of the Gfpell , that vphkh God hath ioyned together Jet no man put aCnnder. Which is moff expedient and IcfFe Scetl^Com- fcandalous : And very wifely did -ffe«-i*/>«« anfwer (who mentor of ^5 fajd t^ Iiaue beene nephew to the Prophet leremy) being asked of one , who had a leaud wife , how hec fliould doe by her : Cjnaw (faith he) that bone which is fallen to thee. ^ ■■• . As for the widows, I will not affiime that wTiich James Ranter hath faid of them in generall, but I will fay , that where we haue beene, they flainetheir faces with blackc, ' when they plcafe, and notalwaies : iftheir husband hath beene killed, they will not manv asiaine, nor eat flefh, vn- till they haue fecne the rcncnge ot his death. Andfo wc haue feene the daughter of AlembertotnQ'^x2^^\it'\t^\\\\o after the warrcmadc to the ^rmoachiqHois , hecrcafter / defcribed, did man ic againe. Except in that cafe, they \ make no other difficulty to marry againe> when they findc a fit match. Sometimes our Sauagcs hauingmany wiucs willgiuc I one of them to their fuend^ if he hath a defire to take her ? in Ben-Siva. ll I^ouA Francld. 207 in marriage, and /hall be thereby fomuch disburdened. Touchingmaidens that bcloofcjfany man hath abufed of Abominable thcm,they will tell it at the firfl: occanon, and therfore it is whoi edomc bad ielHng with them : fortliechaftifement oiighttobee ^"Tpngthc very rigorous againfl; them that mingle the Chriflian ^^^J^^I\q^ blood with the hifidcls, and for the keeping ol: this iuftice the Enphfli LMonftenrde ZJ ille-gagmn\s praifed , euen by his enemies: Magiftnucs AndTz&i^^^'/the Sonneof Eleazar theSonne oiay^ron be- '" Vn gmia, caufe he was zealous of the law of God and appeafcdhis ""J ^'^^ wrath, which was about to exterminate the people, for fuch a finne,- had the coucnant of perpetuall Pridt-hood, promifed to him and to his poflerity. Chap. XIIII. The Tahagie. The Sauages docfayrtf^^. 5«/Vi,that is to fay 5a fcaih THc ancient hauc faid Sine (^erere & Bacchofriget Venus, that is, without Ceres and Bacchus Venus is cold. Hauingthen married our Sauages , it is meet to make dinner ready and to vfc them after their owne ma- tter. And for to doe it one muflconfider the times of the marriage. For if it be in Winter they will haue Venifon from the woods , if it be in the Springtime or in Summer, they will make prouifionoffifli. As for bread there is no talke of It from the North of New-found-land, vntill one come to the country of the zArmoHch'tquoi^^ vnlcfFe it be in What ^^^ trucking with French-men, for whom they tarry vpon the fca (hoares, fitting on their tailes hke apes , as foone as the Spring time is come , and rcceiue in exchange for their skins(fbrthey haue no other merchandife) bisket,bcaHes, peafenandmeale : The ^^•w<7?iff^i^«<7^ and other Nations more remote, befides hunting and fifliing haue wheat, cal- led MaIs^ and beanes, which is a great comfort vnto them in timcofneccflity. They make no bread with it: for they haue neither Millnor Ouen, and they cannot knead it o- thcrwifc than in ftamping it in a mortcr , and in gathering thofe ungc coun. tries haue coirnc. mm m H m ■'■•1 !||l . I! '■ ■■ .i>if m f^?.Z.!k 10. 2o8 N(fua Frdficia. tliofepeccesthc bed they can they make fmall cakes witb it, which they bake bctwcciie two hot ftones. Moll often they drie this Corne at the fire, and parch it vpon the cobles. And after that mancr did the ancient Ita/uws hue, as 'Piims faith. And therefore one muft not fo much won- der at thcfe people, feeing that they which hauc called o- ihers barbarous, haue beene as barbarous as they. • If i had norrccittd hceretofbre themanerofthc Sauages Tahagi (or banket) I would make hcere a larger defcnpti- on : But 1 will oneiy fay that when we went to thcRiuer' Saint lohn , being in the towne of Ouigoudi' ( fo may I well call a place ericlofed replenillicd with people) we faw in a great thicket 8o. Sauages all naked , except the middle parts , making Tabagma with mcaletheyhadof vs,whereof they had kettels fulL Eueryonehada di(K made with the barke of a tree, and a fpoone as deep as the palme of ones hand,or more : and with this they had veni- fonbefides. And heereistobenoted,thathewhichenter- taineth the others doth not dine, but ferueth the compa- ny, as very often the Bridegroomes doe heere in France. The women were in an other place apart, and didnoc eat with the men. Wherein may be noted a bad vfe among thofepeople,which haue neuer becne vfed amongthena- tions of chefe parts , fpecially the Gaullois and Germains, which haue admitted the women, not onely in their ban* quecsi but alfo in their publike counfels , ( fpecially with mc GohUou) after they had pacified a great warre which condition of arofc betweene them, and did decide the controueriie the w , it (hould bee cieoVwo- decided by the aduiceofthe^^^A'e//^ women. Itwasnot mtvu ^^ *" Rome,where their condition was (o bafe,that by the law Focomdi the very father could not make diem to inhc* rite The women do not eate with the men. The good Nona FrancU, 209 rltenioie then of the one third pare of hJs goods : And the Eiupcrour InHtman foibiddcth them in his decrees to ac- • ccptthcavvardlhjp which had bec!ic deferred vntothem: \ Vvhich ihcvvcth either a great feuentieagainftthcm, or an argi'tnent that in that coniurie tliey lauca very weakc rpjrit. And after thisfortbc the wiucs of our Sauages, yea in woorfe condirioa , i'l nor carinjr v^ ich the men m their Tabagies : and notwichtla: itlmg it (v,^:meth vnto mec thac their tare is not in their fcafts ^o delicate , vvhich ought noctoconfillonly in eating and J inking, bur in the focie- tie of thac fcs: vvhich Go. I liarlvorJaiiied vn::o man for to- heipe him and to kecpc him compaj.ie. itwillfecmcto many that our Sauages doe Hue vcric poorely, in not hauing any fcafoninginthofefew mcil'es that I hauc named. But 1 will replic that it was not Cr/i- w'ut men gala nor Heltogabahis , nor fuchhke that haue ralfed the Hnic-aifcd Romanc Empire to his grcatncfle: neither was it that l^f>'"c to kcir Cooke who made an impcriall feaft' all with hogs flcih, "^ difguifcdinarhoufandforts : northofelikerifncompani- . *' ''■"'■^ ons, who after they haue deftroied the aire, the fea, anct the land, now knowing what to findemoreto aflwagc cheir glucconie, goea feeking wormes from the trees, yea doe keepe them in mew, and doe fatten them,for to make thereof a delicate meCTe: But rather it was one CurtHS Z>^;if4r/«f whodideatinwooddendifhes, and did fcrape radi(hes by the fire Hde: Item thofe good husbandmen jhemancf whom the Senate did fend for,frcm the plough for to con- of liuing of duft the Romanearmie : And in one word thofe Romans ^^^ ancient which did hue with fodden fbod,after the maner of our Sa- ^JI^^^JJ*^^ uages : for they had not the vfe of bread butabout 600. qq,, y ercs after the foundatioofthe city ,hauing learned in tra£t « of time CO make fome cakes grod'ely dreHcd & baked vn- der the embres, or in the ouemT/w^ author of this report, , ^ faith, moreoucr that the Scythians , now Turt^res^ doe al(b ^^ j '^^ j j^ liue with foddcn food and raw mcaleas the *Br a ft Hans » AndneuerthdciTc (hey haue alwaies beencaw^lii^^ ^"^ Dd gnighcie 2IO lifv 3^ 11 > 1 -'dip: i.;^i M if' 1 -^ \. ifm ••i 'fe Iththjnphages, iEthiopians doeliueof Grafhoppers . The food of SIobnBap- tift.S.Hic- roms x.book igiinlk loutan, iS. AugntUn vpon thjc 1 4. cnap. to the Romans, verf.if. ^4^.14. ^ua Funch, mightic nation. The fame faith , that thc^fjmph^cm (jwhichhetheMofiomtesJdoclmc'mtorciis ( as our Sa- uagcs do) with graincs and fruits which they gather from the trees, without mention neither offlefh nor of filli. And indeed theprophane Authors doe agree, that thefirft men didhueafter that maner, to wir, of corne, graines , pulfe, acornes,andmaftes, from whence commcrh the Grerke wordc P hagei?t J to wit, toeate: fome particular nations (and not all) had fruits : as peares were in vfe amon^ the Argtues y figges with ^z Athenians, almonds with the CHe^es, the fruite o£ Cannes with the Ethiopians, the Car- dammnyNith. the Perjians ^ the dates With the Bai^ilonians, thcTreffle or three Icaued graffe with the Egyptians.They which hauc had none of thofe fruits haue made war againu thebeaftsofthewoodsandforeds, as the Getu/ians and all the Northren men, yea alfo the ancient Germans , noc- withftandingthey had alfo meates made of milke:Ochers dwellingvponthefhoresof the fea, or lakes and riuers, lined on fimes, and were called Ichthjophages : others li- ning oiTortefes^y^ext called Chelonophaqcs^dxt of the e/£- thiopians doc hue oFGrafioppers, which they fait and har- den in the fmoakc in great quantitie forallfeafons , and therein do the Hiftoriam of this day agree with Plime.Yot there is fometimes clouds ofthem, that is to fay, fuch infi- nite numbers, that they hide the clouds ^ and in the Ead likewife, which deftroy all the fields, fothat nothing re* maineth vnto them to eatebut thofe graQioppers , which was the food of Saint lohn Baptiftin the defarc,according to the opinion o{ Saint Hierome and AngHfline : Although iV/r^^/7orwthinkethchat they were the tender leaues of the toppes of treesjbecaufe that the Greekc word achrides fignifieth both the one and the other. But lee vs come to the Romane Emperour , bcft qualified. AmmianMercei- lin fpeaking of their maner of life, faith that Scipio, ^A£mi- liartt MeteHuSjT^aian, and Adrian, did content themfelues ordinarily with the meate of the campe, that is to /ay, with C as our Sa- gather from rhcfirftmcn incs , pulfe, the Grerke ular nations among the .^s with the ns, the Car- BahilonianSi Jtians.They -waragainft etuiiam and ^mans ^ not- ilke:Othcr$ Jandriucrs, .• others li- tofthcaydP. altandhar- -afons, and iP/imerV or ^fuchinfi- in the Eaft lothing re- crs , which ^according • Although r leaues of xdachrides s come to tnAfercel' to, i^mi' hemfehies is to /ay, with i^^fs with Bacon,chcefe,and bruvage. If then our Sauages haue « venifon and fifh abundantly, 1 doe not thinkc them ill fur- Sa"mons7and nifhcd : for many times we hauc rcceaucd of them quan- other fiil* titic of Sturgeons, of Salmons and other fiflies : befides their venifon , and Beuers which liuein ponds, and liue partly on the land, partly in the water. At leaft one Ir.uda- ^ntn^o^h^gt', ble thing is knowen in them, that they are not men caters, as the Scythiam hauc becne aforetime, and many other na- tions of thefe parts of the world 5 and as yet are at this day the BraftlUns, Cmihalst and others of the new world. The inconuenience which is found in their maner of BieJ. life is, that they haue no bread. Indeed bread is a food ve- ry naturall for man , but it is eafier to liue with ficdi , or with fi{h, then with bread onely. If they haue not the vfe of fait , the moft parte of the world doe vfe none. It is not altogether neceiTary , and the principall profit thereof confiftcth in preferuing, whercunto itis altoge- ther proper, Notwitnftanding if they bad any to make fomeprouifions they would be more happie then vs. But what time is for want of that they fometimes fuffer fome need : which hard for the hapneth when the winter is too milde, or the latter end of Sauagci , the fame. For then 'they hauc neither venifon nor fi{li,as wee will declare in the chapter of hunting : and arc then conftraincd to feed vpon the barkes of trees , and on the parings of skinnes, and on their dogges,which (vpon this cxtremitie) they do eate. And thehiftorieofthe/'/m (accordingto thewit- nefTeof/'^rr^t'Wi^- iniu', ($'ri?/«(r«fjy of Cce/^2r, SaimafiSLnd \ others)who did conlhainetraucllcrs and (hangers to come \ into their houfcs and there to take their reficfhing : A ver- . * tuewhichfcenicthtohaue conferued hcrfclfe onely with the Nobility and gentry : for among the arlier fort we fee her very wcakeand at the point of death. Tacit.is giueth the fame praife to the Germans , fay ing that with them all ^iVH /.i- E>d 3 howfes cient golden age, which the holy A (lored againe : Bur beine could iiotexecuccchat I) <. ■ ,, M ^■'' ■< 'U •I 1.. <» ^ ^ Ldiit. 19 vcr. -4. Of uiiJiaing, Tlin.Uh.i9, Strabo. Cxfar. Tncitus. Wincforbib. den ainons' ihe Germans. Pfal.104. verH 16.17, NcUA Fnneia, howfcs arc opened ro ftrangcrs, and there they are in fuch allurancethat (as if they were facred) none dare doe them any iniury : Charity and Hospitality which are mentioned in the law of God who faid to his people : The ftnwger which joiourneth amongyoH , JJjal! bcvnto jo^ as he which is home amonirycHj and yoti flnill Ivue him 06 yourjclucs : for yoH hatie beene fir angers m the land of ly^ gyp. So doe our Saiiagcs, which, filmed vp with an humane nature, receiue all Grangers (except the\r enemies ) whom they accept in their commonalty of life. But we haue fpoken enough of eating,lct vs now fpeakc ofdrinking. 1 know not whether I ought to place among the greatelt blindnelTes of the Weft hidians to haue abun- dantly the moft excellent fruit that God hath giuen vnto vs, and they know not the vfe thereof. For I fee that the ancient Romans were a long time (as P//;^ faith) without either Vines or Vine-yards : And our Gaulloos did make becre, the vfe whereof is yer frequent in all Cjallia Belgica : And this kind of drinke did the C£gypiians alfo vfe in for- mer times {as(mhpiodorfis) who attributeth theinuenti- onthereof to cifeHysJotwithftandingafter thatthe vfe of wine was comel^pl^ the Romans the Guallois tookefo good a tafte in it,in the voyages that they made there with their Armies , that thev continued afterwards the fame way. And afterward the Italian Merchants did draw much money from the Gaullou with their wine that they brought thither. But ihz^ermam knowing their owne nature fubieft to drinke more then is needful! would haue none brought to them, for feare that being drunke they might be a pray to their enemies : and contented them- felues with becre : Andnotwithflanding becaufethecon- tinuall drinking of water ingendrtth crudities in tFiefto- macke, and thereby great indifpofitions, the nations haue commonly found better themoderate vfeof wine which hath beene giuen ofGod to rcioyce the heart, as bread for roilrengthen him, as the /y^/w/j^ faith : AndthcApoftle S, Paul t eyarcinfuch are doe them e mentioned The flramer as he which is rjeltics : for So doe our ature, recenie ley accept in snowfpeakc >lace among oliaueabun- 1 giuen vnto Hee that the Ith) without ^as did make a//ia B eh tea. : Co vfe in for- uheinuenti- latthcvfeof 'iois tooke (o le there with ds the fame :s did draw le that they their ownc would haue Irunke thev nted them- ufethe con- sin thefto- ationshauc vine which IS bread for thcAportle S. Paul 7{cua Francia* 215 S. 7*4«/himfclfc doth coimcell his Difciple Timothy to vfe it by rcafonofliis infirmity. Voxrvine (iaithOhifaJimJre- Orlhafwym creAteth and <:jmck»€th our heat : wherehy^ by confequence^ the the fii ft book difgeflures are made better ^ and good bioud is engendred.and ^^ *ji«"f?s co- qood nourishment thorow all the parts of the body where the "^"- '""'' '"^"^ wine hath force to pierce : and therefore they which be weakc- nedbjjtckneffe doe recouer by it aflronger being, and doe itlie- mfe renew by it an appetite to their meat. It breaker h the fleame, it pnrgeth collericke humours bj thevrine,andwith his p/eafant odour audliuely fub fiance gladdeth the heart of man, andgiuethjlrength to the body. Wine taken moderatly is the procurer of all thofe goodcffcEls , but if it be drunke vnmeafu. ably itproduceth ejfefh quite contrary. And Tlato wilhng jy^/o in h ii to (hew foorth in one word the nature and property of Tmao. wine : That which war met h (faith he) both body andfoulejs that which is called wine, ThcSauages which haue no vfe ofwine norof fpices, haij^found outanother meanesto vvarme the fame ftomakc, and in fomc foit to breake fo ma- ny crudities proceeding from- the fiOi that they eat, which othcrvvife would extinguifh their naturall heat : it is the hcarb which the BraftUans doe call Petun^th^t is to fay, Ta- fabacco hacco , the fmoake whereof they take almoft euery hourc, as we will declare morcat large when w^comeheereafter tofpeakeofthathearbe. Then as in thefe parts one drink- cth to another, in prefenting the glaffe to him to whom one hath drunke (which is done in many places)fo the Sa- uagcs willing to feaft fome body and to (hew him (igne of ' amity, after they haue well taken ofthat fmoake, they pre- . fcnt the Tabacco pipe to him that they like bcfl. "Which cuftomctodrinkeone to another is not new, nor particu- lar to the Flemings and Germans : fox Holiodorus inthc Hf/iWor.fiift ty£thiopian Hiftory of CW/r/^^ witnefteth that the fame l>ookci. ch.i. was a cuftome altogether vfedin the Countries whereof he ^j)''* ^' ^°°^^ fpeaketh to drinkc one to the other in tokenof frindfliip. * ^' And becaufeit wasabufcd , and men were appointed to cpnftraine them that would not pledge, aAjfuents King of the ■ A. jplf ■■a ' 'R ' A V ' ' ;' '* H ' Ht K. , ■ k ■ 1: ^ if 'H lis the Perfians at a ban!;ct that he made to all the pnnopal! ' Ur.i.vci'.S. Lords and GoiicrnorsotiKS Countries ,dic' foibiii Lyan cxprcilc '.nv tn force any , and did comtiMnd tliar ciicry cnclh. ..Id be fci'K'daitci hisovvj.c will, i he s,^;'/;7/w>/ 1 Old vie no f.>rcinL' , I'lt n ot VMihilandiP j. thtv diunktvp all anJthacbv mcact'cur.tion. l''o»afui thcv liaJlourid ouccheinucntionco .ipplic paii^tinp; awA y'iuit.'.ihiz. vpo'i filiicr chc) to; i:c i^iCuf d(li<;lit 10 Ice tl'.cirOW ty^hubit paint'd intliclcrt'. inccf'ch.ii ciips,a^ Pimj i.wih. O^irSaiK^j^es Caii.iMii>:s , Scfi; tcj^cis .u.Ji otlurs are far fronuhcfcdcLiihrs . and ha mho. n'^thiM- biic d)cT»tl^,hcc> fpokcnof by Vi towanicchcn* llonntUctalttr thccnuji- tics of waters, andtoi2;iiic fomefn\itchcotlie month, ha- uing that in con)n«on v.uh many oihci Nations , that thty loiic that which is biting^fuchas ihelaid T. accoill ; imm '• > *!'' Ill: Ii, ; ^x8 N&ttAFfAnch. of Greece had a cuftome cucry yccrc to goc into Dellos I tor CO celebrate the dances and fongs in the honour of A- ' folio. And in the Hfc of Ltcurgits the Orator , faith that he ; ^\6. ordaine a very folemnc dance in the Pyree vnto the ho- nour of Neptune, with a wager ofa hundred crowncs pnce to the bcft dancer , and to the fecond of So. crownes, and The mufes to the third of ^o. The ^Mfifes, daughters of lup/ter doc Dances. loue dancing : and all they that haue Ipoken ofthem make vscogoe fcckefor them vpon the Mountaine 'Parmjffes, where (fay they) they dance, at the found of (5^r^ alijs Saltans, fayth Feftt^, yj^ho taketh from that the name of the French-people, which were called Saltans becaufe they did loue to dance, to skippe and to gambole : and of Sdlitiitt Law. thefe Saltans are come the lawcs which wee call Saliques, that is to (ay La wes of dances . So then to come againe to our purpofe, the dances haue beene firft inftitutcd for holy things. Whereto I jitrtanohht will adde the teflimony of ^m.««, who fayth that the ^ciUoiAUx' Indians which did worfliip the Sunne rifing , did not ander. thinkc to haue duely fainted him , vnleflc their fongs and ^wT^ prayers were accompanied with dances. \iiik\u^ '^^^^^ ^*"^^ of excrcife was (vice applied to another vfe, that K(fM FraneU] that is K) fay, for the goucrmcnt of health, ziTlntArehe fay th in the treatie for the fame. So that Socrates himfelf (hovvfocuer precife and reformed )tuoke plcafure therein, for which caufe he defired to haue a houle large and fpa- cious , as Xenophon wriceth in his bancquet , and the Per^ Jians did exprefly vfc thcfame, as D^rAfwritcthinthe feuenthofhis hillories. Btst the delights, laciuioufneiTe, and diforders did conuert them fincero their o wne vfe, and the dances hauc feruedfor/?r(7Arf»^ff/andbroakcrsof vnchaftity , as wee find it but to much , whereof wee haue teflimonies in the Gofpell, where wee finde that it coft the life of the great- eft that euer arofe amongCl men, which is Saint lohn Bap^ tiif. And ArcefiUm fayd very well, that dances are ve- noms, (liarper then all the poiibns that the Earth bring- eth foorth, for as much asbyacertaine incitement they inlinuate into the Soule, wherein they communicate and imprint voluptuoufneflc and delegation , which the bodies properly doe affe£^. Our Sauages , and generally all the people of the weft Indies , haue time out of minde the vfe of dances. But Jafciuious Pleafurehath not yet fo farre preuailed againft them as to make them dance at the pleafure thereof,a thing which ought to fcrue as aleffon to the Chriftians. The vfe then ofthcir dances is for foure ends , either toplcafc their gods (let who will call thcmdiuels icis all one to me)as wee haue marked in two places before, or to chcare vp fome body , or to reioy cc thcmfelues of fome vidlory or to preuent fickenefTes. In all thcfe dances they {ing,anci make no dombe (hewes, as in thofe dances whereof the Fythieme Oracle fpeaketh, when hee faith : It behooucth that the beholder vnderftand the dancing ftage plaicr, al- though he be dombe : and that hee heare him though hee doth not fpcake: But as in D^/i>i they did fingtothe ho- nour 0^ Apollo, the Saltans to the honour of LMan , like- wife thtJFlorUms docfing to the honour of the Sunne, to Ec a whom 11 f VluUr. in the 7. of the Sym<- I Al! Sauages doe dance. Dombe jc- {lures. m Ml (■•• w „■;■ M'-^y^i- A feolifli fil- thy Ton g to 220 ' it^mFrnncM. whom they attribute all their vi^lories: not, for all that fo filthily as Orpheus ^ inuentor of the hcathcnilh diuclilh- nefles, of whom Saint Gregorie Na^ianz>e mocketh him- fclfe in an oration, bccaufe that among other follies, in an himraehcfpeakethof////?/>erinthiswife: O glorictts In. fiter ! the greatest of all the gods , which art refident inall forts ofdung^ as rvcllofjheepe as ofhorfesandmttles^^c. And in another himme that he maketh to Ceres ^ he faith y that ihedifcoiiercthherthighesfortofubmither body to her Paramours,andtomakehir felfetobetilled. Our^Wr/(^»£'/> doe make alfo dances andfongs to the The Songs of honour of thcdiuell, which flieweth them their game, the Chriihans and that they thinke to gratifie him : whereof one necdeth to God. j^Q^ pQ marucll, bccaufe that we our felucs y that be better inftrufted, doc fing Pfalmes and Songs of praife to our God I for that he giuethvs our daily food: And I doe not fee that a man who is ahungred hauc any great luft ci- ther in fingingor dancing : Nemoenim faltat fere fobrim, {di\\\iCkero. . ^ < Alfo when they will feaft any body ,' they haue no fai- rer gcftiirc, in many places then dancing : as in like maner if any one maketh them a fcaft, forall thankes giuing,they the s^unquois betake thcmfclucs to dancins;, as it hath bccne (cenc fom- sauagcj,^ times \^\itnC^io}ife$irdePoutrwcoHrt did giuc them their dinner, they did fing fongsofpraifcsvnto him, faying, that he was a braue Sagamos , who had made them good cheerc,and whi( h was their good fiicnd; which they did comprehend very miftically vnder thefc three words, Epigtco iaton edico : 1 fay miftically *• for I could neuer know the proper fignification of eucry ofthcfe words. I beleeuethat it is of the ancient language of their forefa- thcrswhich is out of vfe, like as the old Hebrew is not the Icwes language at this day, and was alreadie changed inthetimeofiheApoft'es. \ They fing alfo in their common T/, thepraifes of the brauccaptaincs and Sagamos that hauc killed many of their CUtfd ill the Oration for Murena, The Dances and fongs of Praifes of the braiic Cap. li Noua Framia, their enemies* Which was praftjfed anciently in manic nations, and is praftifed yet amongQ vsat this day 5 and is found to be approoued and of: deceucic , in the holie Scripture, in the Canticle o£Del^ora, after the ouerthrow ofkingSifara, And when yoong D^uid had killed the gxcat Goiiath , asthekingdidreturne viftorious into/^- rfffaiemythc women came out ofal the town s,and met him with tabretSi rebecks, and timbrels , dancing and finging menly, faying by courfe and anfwering one another j Sattl hath flame his thoufand, andDauidhis fen thoufand, Athe- nem foith, that the ^aullois had Poets named Bardes, whom they rcuerenced very much: andthofe Poets did (ing VtPta voce the deeds of vertuous and famous men : but they did write nothing in pubhke, becaufethat writing maketh men OothfuU and negligent in learning. Notwith- flsindinzCharo/fuMamtiswsiSO^an other opinion : For he caufed fongs to be made in the vulgar tongue, contain- ing the deeds and a^s of the ancient, and commanded that the children ihould be made to learne them by heart, and that they ftiould fing them , to the end,that their me- morie (hould remainefrom father to fonne, and from race CO race, and by this meanes ethers fliould be ftirred vp to doe good, and to write the a£lions and deeds of valiant men. I will further fay heeie by the way, that the Z^- f^^VOT4thentHt in the 6. booke of the banket ofthevvife. The Songs of the Ficnch- men. Tlutar. in the lifeofljifi^r- Lactdtmimutm What arc the Saiugcs dan- ces. m Hii IhMV i I they are all ina round(or very neerc) and doc dance with vchcmcncic, (Inking with their feet vponthe ground,^rd lifting themfelues vpasin halfealeapc : And as for their hands they hold them clofe, and their armes in the aire, in forme of a man that threatncth, with a motion of them. As for the voice, there is but one that (ingeth , bee it man or woman : all the reft do & (sLy^ef,hef>^^ fome that breath- eth out with vehemencie : And at the end of euery fong, they ail make a loud and long exclamation, faying Heeee, 1 For to be more nimble , they commonly put themfelues flarke naked , becaufe that their gownes made of skinnes doe hinder them: And if they haue any of their enemies heads or armes, they will carricthcm about their necks, dancing with thisfaire iewell, which they willfometimes bite, fo great is their hatred euen againft the dead. And for to end this chapter as we began it, they neuer make a- ny74^4^f>orfea{i,but that there is a dance after it : And afterward i£ the Sagamos he difpofed, according to the date of their affaires, he will make an oration of one, two. The oration! or three houres continuance , and at euery demonftration of the Saga- asking the aduice of the companie : if they approoue his Sr^^'^houres p«*opofition,cuery one will cric out aloud Heeee'mfignc continuance, of allowing and ratifying of the fame. Wherein they giuc him very attentiue audience, as wee hauefeene many times : Andalfo when that OMonJteHr De T^oHtrincoHrt did feaft our Sauages, Memberton^ after dancing made an oration with fuch vehemencie that he made the world to woonder , (hewing tlie curtcfics and witncfles of friend- (hip that they receaucd of the Frenchmen , what they might hope of them heereafter 5 and how much their prefcnce was profitable , yea neccfTarie vnto them, becaufe that they did fleepc in fecuritie : and had nofeare of their enemies, ace. vpon the ,> which they had mad ej a long bloudie ilafli, and thruft «> diuers feathers ofbirds within the wound, from whence „ the very pure bloud did trickle downe : but inftccd of ,, (hrinking ac k, they went lifting vp their heads with a laughing countenance. Before me marched fome fbote men, one of them had his armes naked and hanging down on his fides : bodi which armes aboue the Elbowe was thruCl quite through with a knife that flucke fafl in them. Another was naked from his head to the nauell, hauing the skinne of his backefo iagged vp and downe in two ? places , athwart which he had made to pafle , an hatchet of armes, which hedid carry in fcarffe wife as we would dot a cuctleaxe. I faw another ofthem who had fixed vp-« on the crowne ofhis head a horfe fhooe with many nailes, » and of To long continuance that the nailes were fo fixed and fafl in the fle(h^ that they fUrrcd not. Weecntred Ff into 225 >> >9 3» >» 99 9> y» }> 9> »> »» >> » )» 11 6 . ,►«' ;;>;^'n:;ll! U: (t t( (C cc (C (C (( cc Thetiiallof the Sauagcs conftancy. ^^il ^ll^yif ; . Romans. Lacedemoniatis, T.erli4ns. Healthful! Country. N0tfa Ffdffcia, incoBuda in this pompe, and were brouoht Into the Ba- flias houfc , with whom 1 treated of my affaires. All this youthly company Httle caring for their wounds were in the lower court of the houfc ; And as 1 was a looking on them the Bafha asked of me what I thought of it : All v\ ell faidl, except that thcfe men doe with the skinne of their bodies, that which I would not doe with my coat : Fori would feeketokcepeit whole. The fiallia laughed , and wctookeourleaue. Our Sauages doe very well fomctimes make triall of their conltancic, but wemudconfeflethatitis nothing in regard of the things aboue rehearfed. For all that they do is to put burning coales vpon their aimes, and to fuffer their skinnes to burne, fo that the marks thereof doe re- niaine therefor euer : which thing they doe alfo on other parts of the body , and Qiew thele marks to fay that they hauc a great courage. But the ancient Mntiits Scemla did much more then that , burning courageoufly his arme in the fire, after he had milled the killing of king Vorfenm. If this wereof mypurpofe I would declare the cuftomcs o{:hc Lacedemonians, who did make euery yeare a feaft to the honour oi Diana, where the yong boies did ("hew their triall by whipping of themfelues : Item the cuftome of the ancient Perfiansy who worfliiping the Sunne, which they called Adithra, none could bereceiued to that fraternity vntilihehad giuenhisconffancytobeknowen, byfoure- fcore kindes of torments, of fire, of water, of fafling, of fo- litarinelTe, and other thinsis. But let vs return to our Sauages Phyficions & Chicrur- geons. Although the number pf them be but fmall,yetfo it is that the hope of their liuing doth not confifl wholy in that trade. For as concerning the ordinary ficknellcs they are fo rare in thofe parts, that tlic verfc oi'OuialwAy be ve- ry well applied vnto them : Si valeant homines ars tua Phabe iacet : Inhy m^Sf, pro ^ia. For thcfc doc alfo liuc a great o.^i age, Noua Frdpicia. 227 •g«' f, which is commonly fcucn fcorc or eight fcorcycare. L^ngi^y Andifchcyhadour commodities to liuc by forccarf, and '"^ ' induftry to gather vp in fummcr for the Winter, I beleeuc they would hueaboue three hundred ycares. Which may be coniedured by the report that we hauemadehccreto- foreofanold man in Florida^ who had liued that great age. In fuch fort that it is no particular miracle of that which T^liny faith that the Pandorians doe Hue too. ycares or that they of Tafrobane are liuely and nimble at a 1 00. yearesold. VoxLMembertoH is abouea loo. yearesold, and yet hath not one white haire on his head, and fo ordi- narily be the others. And that which is more in euery ago they haue all their teeth, and go bareheaded, not carincr at lead to make any hats of their skinnes, asthefirftdid chat vfcd them in thefe parts of the world. For they ofPeUpo- -j-j^^ ^,^1 #xi. fteffts the Lacedemonians did call a hat Q^^;^, which luli- ginaJl of hats. us P«/iHX (siith to (ignific a dogges skinne. And of thefe hats doc yet the Northerly people vfe at this day, but •. ; r they are well furred. That which alfoprocurcth the health of our Saua^es, Concord is a is the concord which they haue among them,and the foial caufc of long care they take for the commodities of this life , for the l^^c* which we torment and vex our fclues. They haue not that ambition, which in thefe parts gna wcth and fretteth themindcsand fpirits , and filleth them with cares, mak- ing blinded men to goe to the graue in the very flower of their age, and fometimes to fcrue for a (hamefull fpedaclc to a publike death. I dare alfo, and that very well, attribute the caufe of this difpofition and long health of our Sauages, to their maner of life, which is after the ancient fafliion, withoutcuriofity . For euery one doth grant that Sobriette is the mother of Sobriety, health. And although they fometimes exceed m theirT^- " - ^^ and very often one cannot obcainc iuflice , be it cither by the ignorance of the ludge , ro whom the cafe is difguifed* or by hisownemahce, or by the wickednefTcof an Attur- ney that will fell his Clyanc. And from fuch affli Aions do proceed thetcares, fretfulneffes> anddcfolations, which Ecdcfiaft.^ o. *^""g vs to the grauc before our time. Torforrew (faith at the end of the wife man ) h^th killed many , And thereto no profit in it, die chapter. Envj/kond rvrath Jborten thehfe, And care bringeth old age he* fore the time. But theioy of the heart it the life of man : and amans gladne^eproiongeth hJs daies» • . 1 '\ €hap. xvir. The exercifes of the LMen. AFtcr health , let vs fpeakc of exercifes which be the maintainers and proteOors thereof. Our Saua^es haue no bafe exercife, all their fport being either the wars, or hunting (whereof we will fpeakc fcucpally ) or mmaking implements fit for the fame (as Cafar witneflcth of the ancient Germans) or a dancing ( and of that we haue already fpoken) or in paflTing the time in p'ay. They make then Bowes and Arrowcs , bowcs which be (Irong and without finenefTe. As for the arrowes it is an admirable dung, how they can make chcmfo long and foflraighc t . - with Bmvesand arrovTCS. f ■■sa H ■■*% htywantno s no mention lot out pal] e :oplcofe/4:- ^tes (orgraf- ion is not a- ccrs , and of nftitutcd for They hauc profecuting our nieanes> e it cither by isdifguifedy of anAttur- ffli£lions do rions, which forrew (faith no profit in it, 't hold age be^ of man : and Z29 Ahichbcthe Dur Sauages being cither feucpally) or irwitncflcth thatwchaue They make t Hrong and n admirable idfodraighc with it No Wife tinde to ftll with a knife , yea with a (lone onely , where they haue no kniucs. They feather them with the feathers of an Ea^jles taile, bccaufe they are firmCi and carry thcmfelues wc4i in the aire : And when they want them they willgitica Beauers skinne.yea cwaine for one of thofe tailes. For the head, the Sauages that haue traiSke with French-men doe head them with iron heads which are brought to them, any weapons But the Armochi^ot^dc others more remot haue nothing to them. bu t bones , made like Serpents tongues , or with the tailes ofa certame fifli called Stcnau, the which fifli is alfo found ^^^*!']|*» ^^ inVirj^Mtahy the fame name (at leaA the £ngli(hHi(lo- ^*fX"mK' rian doth write it Seekanank.) This fiOi is like to a Crauife ginia, lodged withma very hard (liell,which (Kell is of the great- ne{& ofa diih , a long taile, likewife hard (for it is (hell and (harpe). Hiseies areyponhis backe, and is very good tneatc. They alfo make wooden mafes or clubber, in the fafhi- Mafes, or on of an Abbots (lafe, for the warre, and (hields which co* clubs,,niicMs. uer all their bodies, as did our ancient Gaullois. Asfor the ^^/yrr/ that is the womens trade. Forfifhing. .The e/fr«w?«c%Kw> which haue iicmpe Fi(hing lines, doe make fxihine lines with it , but ours that haue not any Hempe. manuring of the ground y doe trucke for them with French-men, as alfo for fiflMng hookes to baite for fiflies : Bowe-ftrings oncly they make with guttes bow-ftrings, and rackets, *"=>^*^*^"'* which they tie at their feet to goe vpon the fnow a hun- Radkcct. ting, . And for as much as the neceflfity of life doth conftraine them to change place often , whether it be for fiOiing (for cucry place hath his particular fi(hes , which come thither in certaine feafon) they haue neede of horfes in their re- mooue for to carry their ftuffc. Thofe horfes be C^^^^ivr/ e MuxachM^y bowes, arro wcs^ quhiers, FfS skinncf,. 1.1 i3i^4 FrancU. skinnes, and the coucrings oftlieir houfcs. They are made in fuch fort that one muffnot fturre, nor {land vp vv hen he is in them, but crouching or (icting in the bottome, other- wife the inarchandize would oucrturne. They are fowcr foot broad or thereabouts, inchemiddcd, andarefharpe towards the ends : and the nofc is made riGngjfor to paile commodiouflv vpon the waues. I hauc faid that they make them of'thc barkes of trees, for the keeping whereof iii meafure, they garnifh them within,with halfe circles of Ccder wood, a wood very fouple and pliable, whereof Noahs I Arke was made. And to the end they leake not, they ceuer the feames (which ioyne the faid barkes toge- ther, which they make of rootes) withthegummeoffirre- trecs. They alfo make fome with willowes very properly, which they couer with the faidgummcof Firre-trees : a thing which witneflcth that they lacke no wit, where nc- cefTityprcdeththem. " . 'Jj . Many nations ofthefeparts haue had the like intimes paft. If wee feeke inthe holy Scripture, weefhall findc that UHofes mother, feeing (hee could hide her child no Bx«d. i.Y. g. longer, (he did put him in a little Ched (that is to fay in a httle Canowe : (for Noahs Arke , and this fame fmall cheft is one fame word t^^& in Hebrew , made of r cede, and danbedtt with Jlime and pitch : thenput the childe in it , and /aid it among the huUrufies by the fhoare of the %JHer, And the Prophet lfaiahthxt2itv{\v\2^\\\t9y£thiopians and Affyri' anf : fVoe (faith he ) vnto the Countrie which fendeth by fea Ambaffadors in paper vejfe/s (or ru(hcs)vpon the waters Jay- ing : Afejfengers goe yee quickly, &c. The z^gyptians^ neighbours to the came fhortly after the floud; and in the ancient Gaullois toong , \4agtis (ignifieth a builder, faith the fame Author, and fo hath lohn Anmns of Vtterhe very wcllmarked : from whence came our names of the Toy^ntsoi Rot homaguiy Neomagw, NemomagHS, So like- wife Samothes fignifieth wife , and the old Cjmtllois Philofophers were (^before \}c\tT)ruides ) called Sn-mnthe- ans, Sis Diogc?ies LaertimrepoYtcth , who confcflcth that Philofophie did begin from them whom the Greekc va- nitie did call Barbarous. I will adde heere for an cxcrcife of our Sauages , their play at hazard , whereunro they are fo addicted that fometimes they play out all that they hauc : And James ^mirtiervjt'vnh the fame of them vf (panada, in the time that hee wa$ there. I hauc fccnc a kind of game that they r ' haue The Gaullois Philolopherf. Di'*^, Laert. Ill the begin* mng of the hucsotPlii» Joiophcrs. Gamtsofihc iiauages. d loft all afTu. , and as it is oe was thefd" ?C(irds, After but this was ermans, faith ' of lime nor Our GauiloU jility.Butyet >ut any other lots king that xeded his fil- es after the ham, and the 1 Berofim the id buildings, pen skinnes, ics the names daft-iofper- thcfirft buil- ;uao;e ( from oudj and in ch a builder, 'Hi of Vtterbe lamcs of the gHs, Sohkc- old Cjnttllois I'd Snmnthe" nfeflcth that : Greekc va- uages their d dialed that : And lames i in the time ne that they hau« i hauc , biit not thinking then to write this treatic , I tookc no heedc to it . They put fomc number of beanes co- loured and painted of the onedde in a platter: and ha- uing ftrctched out i*. s cinne on the ground , they play there vpon,ftriking with the difiivpon this skinne, and by that meanes the beanes doe skippe in the aire^ and do8 not all fall on that parte that they be coloured ; and in that coniiReth the chance and hazard : andaccordinp-to their chance theyhauea certaine number ofquilsmade of rullies , which they diftribute to him that winneth for to keepe the reckoning. Chap. XVIH. Of the IV omens exercifes, THc woman was giuenin the beginning vnto Man, not onely for to aide aud affiH him , but alfo to be the ftore houfe of generation. Their firft exercifc then that I will attribute vnto hcr,after that (he is married is to bring foorth goodly children, and to affiftherhuf- band in this worke : for thi« is' the end of marriage. And thcrforeisflie very wel and fitly called in hehrerv t^'l'O'l that is to (iky pter-ced i bccaufeitis meetethatflie be pier- ced, if (hee will imitate our common mother the Earth, which in the Spring time,defirous to bring forth,cpeneth her bofome for to receauethcraine and dewes which the hcauen powreth vponher. Nowl find that this cxercife fhalbc rcquifite for them that will inhabiteNew France to bring foorth there (loic of creatures, which ilialliing the praifes of God. There is land enough to nourifli them, fo that they be willing to worke: and thcit condition fliallnot befo miferable as it is with many in thefe partes, which doe fecketo emploie themfclues and doe not find wherein : and albeit they find it, yet very often is their labour vnrewarded and vnfruitfull. But in thatcountrie he that will take pleafurc, and as it werefport himfclfc Gg2 with ^35 The womam J s called Pi>r- Marriage rc- quilitc for planters in a new pofll'flcd Land. Great encou- ragcment for the honcftly minded that go€ to inha- bite in thoCs le parts. ; m fc' « :1 S,;' ■lit f4 . as* i.Tiia.i.Tj. I,fuit.i 1. purificacion. Hccre abouc ^^»^ Frgmia. ' with fvvcctc labour , he (hall be affurcd to Hue out ofbon- dage^ and chat his children (hall yet be in better (late then himfelfewas. Thcfirft exercifcthcnofthewoman is to worke in generation, which is a labour fo faire and fo me- ritorious , that the great Apollle S, PahI, to confolate thciii in the paincs they take in that labour hath faid ithAt the woman fljallhefaued throHgh i? earing of children, if they rernaine in faiths and tone, 'and ho/inejfe with modeHy, Thd^t isto fay , If llie inllru6t them in fuch fort that the god- linefl'c of the mother may beknowen by the good infli- tutionof the children. This tiift and chiefeft article being mentioned, let vs cometo the others. Our Sauagc women after they haue brought foorththc fruite of this exercifc , by I know not what praftife , doc obferue without law that which was commanded in the lawc of LMafes touching purifica- tion. For they fhut vp themfclues a parte, and know not their husbands for thirty yea fcurty daies : during which time they doe not Icaue for all tha t from going here and there, where they haue bufinefTe, carrying their children with them, and taking care for them. I haue faid in the chapter of the7 that among the Sauages, the women are not in as good a condition as they were anciently among the Gaullois and (Jermans, For (by the report of lames ^mrtier himfelfe ) they labour more then the men, faith he, whether it be in filhing, be it in til- ling or in any thing elfe. And notwithftanding they arc neitlierforced,nor tormented: but they are neither in their Tabagies nor in their counfels, and doe the fci uile buiincf- fes, for want of feruants. If there be ai^y vcnifon killed, they goe to flay it and to fetch itj y ea were it three leagues off : and they rauftfindeit out by t^heonely circumilance that lliall be defcribed to them by words. They that haue prifoners doe alfo employ them to that , and to other la- bours, as to goe fetch wood with their wiucs : which is folly in then) to got fetch dric and rotten wood very farre off eoutofbon- :cr ftate rhcn ^oman is to e and fo mc> to confolate ch faid ithAt 'dreM, if they hat the god- good inni- oncd, let vs erthcyJiauc ^ I know not that which ingpurifica- ) and know lies : during 11 going here rrymg their 1. atamongthe ditionasthey ans. For (by labour more ig, be it in til- ling they arc either in their I uilc bufinef- :nifon killed, three leagues circumdance ley that hauc ito other la- ;s : which is 'od very farrc off JNlfua Franelu otf for to warme them, although they be in the middcft of aforrcft. True it is that the linoake is very irkcfomcto them : whichit may be is the caufe thereof. Touching their fmaller exercifes ; when the winter doth approch they prepare that winch is neccflary to oppofe themfelues againd this rigorous aduerfary , and make mattes of rulhes y wherewith they garnifb their Ca- bins, and others to fit vpon, and all very artificially, yea •Ifo colouring their rufhcs, they make partitions in their workes, like toth:m that our gardeners doe make in their garden knots, withfuch meaiureand proportion as no- thing is found amifTe therein. Andbecaufe that the body muualfo be clothed, they curry and fupplc the skinnes of Beuers, Scagges and others, as well as can be done heere. If they be little they few many together,and make cloakes> flecues, ftockens, and ftiooes, vpon all which things they make workes which hauc a very good grace. Item they make Panniers of ruQies and rootes, for to put their necef- fities in, ascorne , beanes j peafon, fiedi, fidiand other things. They make alfo purfesof leather , vpon which they make workes woorthy of admiration, with the haircs of Porckepines, coloured with red, black, white and blew, which be the colours that they make, foliuely thatourcs feemc in notkingto be comparable to them. They alfo cx- ercife themfelues in making diHies of barke to drinke, and put their meatcs in, which are very faire according to the (luffe. Item skarfes , necklaces and bracelets which they and the men doc weare (which they call Matachia) are of their making. When the barkes of trees muft be taken oflF in the Spring-time, or in Summer, therewith to couer their howfes, it is they which doe that workc : As lilccwife they labour in the making of Canowes^n^ fmallboates, when they are to be made : Andas for the tilling of the ground (in the countries where they vfe it) they take therin more paines then the men, whocloe play the gentlemen , and naue no care but in hunting , or of warres. And not with- 257 Mattes. The currying ami drcfling of skinnes. Panniers. Puifcs.' Dies. DiOies. Maticbia^ Canowes, GS3 fiandinj; ml i IK n' iji. ' mm-n %l% Thcwomens louero their hu^ibands. \ htm. ''■r Pit lllliil Fairc obfcr- uation vpon the names of the Man and the woman, jibenHeT^a on the 1, cha. of the Proucr. 17. vcrf. (landing all their labours , yet commonly they louc theif husbands more then the women of thele our parts. For none of them are feene to marry againe vpon their graues, that is to fay prefently after their deceafe , but rather doe tarrya long tune. And if he hath beene killed , they wjU eatnoflefh nor will condefcend to fecond marriage vntill they haue feene the reuenge thereof made : Ateltimony both of true loue (which is fcarfe found among vs ) and al- fo of chaftity . Alfo it happeneth very feldome that thcv haue any diuorcements , but fuch as arc voluntary. And if they were Chriftians they would be families with whom God would dwell and be well pleafcd,as it is meet it Hiould be fo , for to haue perfe£l contentment : for otherwifc marriage is but torment and tribulation. Which the He- hrewes great fpeculators and fearchers into holy things, by afuttle animaducrfion , haue very well noted, foray^hen Hez.ra£i\i\\ , that in the name of the man ^'s^ and of the woman n\i;^ the name of God, 7^/;, is contained : And if the two letters which doe make this name of God be taken away, there (hall remaine thefe two words ^^\ \iP^A which do lignifie/r'ii The Sauaget ^ arriue in Port Royall, who being landed, without any dif- couf fe^went Araightto MembertoHs cabin, where they fat downe, taking Tabacco , and hauingwell drunken of it, did giueche Tabacco-pipe to him that Teemed to be the worthicCl perfon , and after confequently to the others : Then fome halfe an howre after they did begin to fpeake. When they arriuedatour lodgings, their fa lutation was. Ho, hoy ho, and fo they doe ordinarily : but for making of curteiles and kiHing of hands they haue no skill ; except fome particulars ymkh indeuourcd themfelues to be con- formable vnto vs, and fcldome cam e they to fee vs with- out a hat, to the end they might falutc vs with a more fo- lemneaOion. The Floridtans doc make no cntcrprifc , before they l^mz^M!"' affemble their Counfell diuers times : andinthcfcaflcm- blics when they arriue they falutc one another. The Pd- raofifii (whom LaHdonmerecsiWcth king ) placcth himfclf alone vpon a feate which is higher then the others: where, one after another , they come to falute him , and theel^ ded beginne their (alutation , lifting vp twife both their hands as high as their faces , faying Ha,he,j/a, ha, ha, and the others doe anfwer Ha, ha. And chey fit eucry one vp- on feats which are about the Counfell chamber. Now whether the falutation Ho, ho, doe fignifieany thing or no (for I know no particular fignification in it) yet notwithAanding it is a falutation of loy , and the oncly voice //a, /?tf, cannot be made but almoft in laugh- ing , tcftifying thereby that they arc glad to fee their friends. The Greeks haue neucr had any thing elfc in their falutations, but a witncfling of loy by their word luiuuons ^.^f'^'' which fignificth, be ye merry: which 7>/^(7 dif- PUiom c/;4r- hking was ofaduice that it were better to fay Sophroney, mide, be ye wife. The Latins haue had their Aue, which is a The falutatU vvifh of happinclTc : fometimes alfo Salne, which is a *im andHt^' ^^^^"S o^ health to him whom one faluteth. The Hebrews Wcnes. " h*^ ^^^ y^thzfialfim which is a word of peace and of health* Noud Ffdftaa^ health. According vnco which Our Sauiour did com* mandhis ApoIUes to falutc the houfes where they (hould enter in, thac isrofay (according to the interpretation of the common tranflation) to pronounce peace vnto tliem : which falutation of peace was from the firft ages amongil the people of God. For it is written that let hro, Mofes ta- thcr in law, comming to reioice with him for the graces that God had done vnto him and vnto his people, by the deliuering ofthem from the land of e>^^/>^ Mofes went out to meet his fat her in Uw^ and honing bowed himjelfe kijfed him : and they fainted one another with words ofpeace. Wee Frenchmen doe fay, Dieu vowgard\ that is , God keepe y oui Bieu vons doint le bon lour, God giue you good mor- row 5 Item Lebon Soir, good Euening. Notwiihftanding there be many, who ignorancly doe fay, le vohs donne, Le bon lour i LeboHSoir,ihsitii to fay, I giue (or bid)you good morow, ^ood euening : A mancr of fpeech which would be more decent, by defiring and praying to God that it be fo. Angels haue fometimes faluted men , as he who did fay to Gedeon:L^fofiftrong and valiant man, the Lord it with thee, ButGodfalutethnobody :forit belongeth to him to giue faluation, and not to wiAi it by praier. The Heathen had yeta ciuilitie infaluting them which did fnecze, which cuftome we haue kept of them. And the Emperour Ti^mMf, chefaddeftman in the world (faith ^tiny) would be faluted in fneezing, although he were in his Coach &c. All thofe ceremonies and inditutions (faith the fame Authour) are come from the opinion of them which think that the gods will aflid our affaires. Out of thefe words may beeaiily conie£lured that the falutati- ons of the Heathen were praiers and vowes for health , or other felicity , that chey made to the gods. And as they didfuch things in meetings, fo did they vfcrhe word ValeQatyc well, beye in health, as wee vfetofayin Englifh fare you well) at the departure: yea in letters and EpiQles^ which alfo they began alwaies H Ji with 241 Math.! 0.1 X. Exo«l.i8,7, ludg.^.rs; Salutation in. Sneezing, l> )i ii The ancient fafliion in the beginning of letters* m» m^ in m rt. « Wi (^'^ God be vrith you. Tlie Siusges obedient to their parents. Thlih.u Deiad.i. Deut.17.1^. with thcfe words : IfjoH he in hesith , itii T»eH: I am in health. But Seneca faith chat this good cufiome was bro- ken in his time : As at this day among vsit is to write clownifli like to put in the beginning of a letter, Godkecpe joH in health : which was in times pad a holy and chriOi. an manci of writing. Infteadofthisr<«/ r V Chap. XX. Of the Vertues and Vices of the Sauages. Ertue like vnto wifedome , difdaineth not to be lodged vnder a meane roofe. The Northerly nati- ons are chelaft chat haue bcene brought to ciuilitie: And Nona FrancU. And nocwich(lancling,beforc that ciuiIity,they'Iiauedone great adions. Our Sauages, although they bee naked, are not voide of chofe vertues , that are found in men of ciuili- tic, For enery one (faith Ariflotle) hath in him,effeuJrom his birth jthe principles andfeedes ofvertne. Taking then the fowre vertucs by their fprings, we (hall findc that they participate much of them, rorfirft concerning fortitude and courage, they haue thereof as much as any nation of the Sauages ( I fpeake of our iS'tfi/ri^^j;/^ and of their alli<> ed) in fuch fortj that ten of them will alwaies aduenture themfclucsagainfttwenticv^rwtf«f/;/^«<>^; not that they be altogecher without feare (a thing which the fore alea* gcd Ariflotle doth rcproch to the ancient Celtten-Caullois, who feared nothing, neither the morions of the earth, nor the tcmpefts of the fea , faying, that this was the property of an hairebraine fcllow)but with that courage rhey haue, they efteeme that wifcdome giuethvnto them much ad- uantage. They fcarc then, but it is that which all wife Rien doe feare , and that is death , which is terrible and dreadfuU, asfhethatriflcthall, through which iheepaf- feth. They feare (liame and reproch , but this feare is co- fen germane to vertuc. They areftirredto doe good by honour, for as much as he, amom^Cl them,is alwaies hono- red, and getteth renouneto himielfe that hath done fome faire exploit. Hauingthefe things proper rnto thcm,they arc in a mediocritie, which is the very feate of vertuc. One point maketh this vertuc of force and courage vn- pertcft in them, that is, they are too reuengcfull, and in thatthey put their foiieraing c6ccntment,wnich inclineth to brutiQincde. But they are not alone, for all thofe nati- ons how farrc foeuer they may ftretch thcmfelues from one Pole to the other, are infeftcdswith this vice. The Chriftian Religion onely may bring them to reafon, as in fome fort (lie doth with vs(l fay in fome fort) becaufe that wee hauemen very vnperfcfl, as well as the Sauages. Temperance is another vertuc, contifting in the mcdio- vu., - Hh 2 crit;c Hi MiJI.6 Etk The ancient Gaiillois were with- out feare. What it is that the Sa" uages doe Sauagcsrc- uc:igeful!« Temperance. ) ll ir J1 i 5 I A. ■''*' 4 ■ 244 critic inthingithatconcernc the plcafiires of the body; for as for tliac which concerncth the mindc he is not called temperate or vntcmperatc, who is mooucd with ambiti- on, or with dcfire to learne, or that tmploieth his time in toies. And tor that which conccrneih the body, tempe- rance or vnteniperahce , is not applied to ail things that might be fubic^ toourfenfes, vnleflcit be by accident,as to colour, toapifture: Item to flowers and good femes : Irem to fongs and hearing of orations,or commedies : buc rather to that which is fubie£^ to feeling, and to thac which fmelling fecketh by arts, as in eatingand drinking, in perfumes, in the vcncrianaft ,to tenife play , to wrelt- Ung, torunning, and fuch like. Now alhhefe things do depend of the will J which being fo, it is the pare of a man to know how to bridle his appetites. Our Sauages haue not all the qualities requidte for the pcrfe£lionofthisvertue. For as for meateswemunac-* knowledge chcir vntcmperance, when they haucwherc^ with, ana they doe cat parpetually, yea fofarrcas to rife in the night to banquet, fiut feeing that in thefe our parts many are as vicious as they, I will not be to rigorous a Cenfurer of them. As for the other anions there is no more to be reprooucd in them then in vs : yea I will iay le{lc,in that which concerneth the 'L^r;;tfr/4rwaftion,wher- to they arc little addi^ed : not comprehending heere, Hecretoforc ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ » t\\^m of Florida , and in hotter countries , of chap. I J. whom wee haue fpoken hecretoforc. Ltberalicie is a vertue as worthy praife, as auariceand prodigalitie , her oppofircs arc blame worthy. It confifl- cthin giuingand receauing, but rather in giuing in time and place , and according to occafion , without excefle. This vertue is proper and. befitting great perfonages, which be as it were Stewards of the goods of the earthi which God hath put into their hands , for to vfe them li- berally , that istofay todiftiibute themrahim that hath jionc J not being cxcefFiue in needlcile cxpences , nor too , ' ? fparing Liberality. MJ Noud Fnncid, fparmg where magninicencie iscobccQiewed. OurSauages arc praife worrhy in the cxercifeofcHi^ vertue, according to their pouerty. For as we ha ^ U^( before, when they vUicone another, theygiuenutuiall prcfcncs one to the other. And when ionic French Saga- mos commcth to them, they doe the hkc wich him,cariiu<^ at his fccte fome bundle of Bcuers, or other f ui res, w Im K beall their riches : And fo didcliey to Monfectdr dt^Pon^ trinconrty but he tooke them iwt to his ownc proper vfc, but rather put them into Monfieur de CMonts his ftorc- houfe, bccaufe he would not goe againfl the pnuiledge giucn vnto him. This cuRome of thelaidSauages pro* cccdethbutfromaliberallmindc, and which iiath (ome generofitie. And although they bee very glad when the hkc is done vnto them , yec fo it fallech out, thac they be- gin the venture , and put themrdues in hazard to loofe their merchandife. And who is heeamongQ vs thac doth more than they, that is to fay, which giucth but with in- tention to receaue ? the Poet faith, ^ NemQfuM gratii perdere vellet opes. There is no body that giucth, intending to loofe. If a great perfonage giucth to a meane man, that is for to draw (ome fcruice from him. Euen that which is giuen to the poorc, is to receiuc the hundred fold, according to the promircofthe Gofpel. And for to fhcw the galantneflcof ourfaid Sauages: they doe not willingly cheapen, and do concent thcmfelucs with that which is giuen theraho- ncftly with xwiliingmindc, difdaining and blaming the fafhionsofour pcric merchants, which bee an houre a chcapnkigfortobuyaBcucrskinnc : as I faw being at Hcerctoforc thcriuer Saint lohn, whercoflhauefpokcn hcerctoforc, ^j °°jf that they cal[cd a y oong merchant of Saint Aialoes Mer-^ sAtoria, which is a word ofrcproch among them ♦borrow- ed of the Baskcs , ilgnifyingasitwere, a hagling fellow. Finally , they haue noching in them but frankneflc and li- bcralitic in their cxclianging. And feeing the bafe maners Hhs of ISVJ S?' Mm "'^!|. i»'^ 146 rAgeiX4. Ni^ua Frarfcia, of fomeof our men , they demanded fometimes , wliac they came to fceke for in their countrie,faying, that they came not into ours : and feeing that wee are richer than they, we (hould giue them hberally chat which we haue. Out of this vcrtue, there groweth in them a magnifi- cence which cannot appeare , and remaineth hidden , but for all that they areprouoked by it, doing all they can for to welcome their friends. And Memberton was very de- firous that fo much honour (liould be done vnto hmi as to fhoot ofFour Canons when he did arriuc, bccaufehefaw that the fame was done to the French Captaines in fuch a cafe, faying that it was due vnto hm> feeing that he was a Sagamos, Hcerc Hofpitality may be mentioned, but hauing fpo- kcn theercof heererofore . I will refer the Reader ro the chapter ofthc 2"^^^^^/, where I giue them the praife attri- buted to the Ganllots and ancient French- men for this re- fpe£l. True it is that m fome places there be feme which befriends for the time, and take their aduantage in necefli- tie, ashathbeeiic noted mLAHdomiere his voyage. But we cannot accufe them in that, lead we alfoaccufe our The ptetie of felues , which doe the like. One thing I will fay that be- the S '^^"I^S" . longeth to fatherly Pietie, that the children are not fo cur- towaids their £^ j ^^ ^^ difpifc their patents in old age, but doc prouide for them wuh venifon , ^stht Sterkes doe towards them that haueingendred them. A thing which is the fhameof many Chrittians, who being weary of their Parents long life, doc oftentimes ftrip them before they goe to bed, and fo doe leaue them naked. They vfcalfo humanity and mercy towards their ene- mies wiues and little children, whofeliues they fparc, but they rcroaine their prifoners for to feruc them , according tothc ancientri<»hrof fcruitudc , broug-htin amon^ftall the nations of the other world, againft chc naturall liberty, B tas forthe men of defence they fparcnone, but kill as many of them as they can catch. As parents. mcs , wliat ;,thatrhcy richer than hwchauc, I a magnifi* liddcn , but ;iey can for as very de« o hini as to aufehefaw es in fuch a tat he was a lauing fpo- idcr to the jraifc attri- forthisre- bme which c in neccfli- yagc. But accufe our fay that be- not (o cur- oc prouidc ards them le/hameof rents long bed, and their enc- fparc, but according mongftail all liberty, but kill as 247 IQuA Franeia. As for iufticc, theyhauc not any Law neither dcuinc norhumane> but that which Nature teacheth chcm, that one muft not offend another. So haue they quarcls very feldomc. And if any fuch thing doc chance to happen, the Sagitmos quieteth all, and doth iuflicetohim that is offen- ded jgiuing fomcbaftanadoes to the wrongdoer, or con- demning him to make fomc prefents to the other , for to pacific him, which is fome forme of dominion. If it be oneoftheirprifoners thathath offended, heis in danger to goe to the pot. For after he is killed nobody will re- uenge his death. The fame confidcration is in thefe parts of the world. There is no account made of a mans life that hath no fupport. One day there was an Armcuchi^ffnis womanfrifoncry Execution of who had caufed a country-man of hers, prifoncr,tocfcapc ^"^"^^ ^^^^ away :& to the end to trauel and pafFc on the way fhe had ^^ ^^^ ^^^■*' (koWtnixom CMemhertous cabin a tinder- box (tor with- ^*^* out that they can doc nothing) and a hatchet. Which be- ing come to the knowledge of the Sauages, they would not proceed on the execution thereof neere vntovs, but they went to Cabin themfeluesfowerorfiue leagues from Port Royall , where fhe was killed. And bccaufe fhe was a woman, our Sauages wiuesand daughters did execute her. X'iw^^fi?-r<'^f/'ayongmaid«of eighteene yearesof age, faire and well fpotted with colours , gaue her the firfl ftroakein the throat, which was with a knife : Another maidcof thefameagc, handfomc enough, called C\fe- tembroech, followed on, and the daughter oiLMemherton which wc called LMembertou-ech-coech made an end . We reprooued them fharpely for this cruelty, whereof they wereallafhamcd,and'durft notfhcw themfelues any more. This is their forme of lufticc. Another time a man and a women, prifoncrs , went clcane away,without tinder-box or any prouifion of meat. Which was hard to be performed, as well for the great di- ttanccofway, whichwa5abouc30o, leagues by land be- caufc ; .^ • ^•' \f:. yj ill' ^y: X. t48 2\C?*^ FramU. caufeitbehoouedchetnco goc fecretly , and to takcliced from meeting with any Sauagcs. Ncuertlielcflc thofc poore foules pulled off the bailee of certainc trees, and made a little boat, with the barke of them , wherein they eroded the Bay Frafj^oifeyZnd got to the other flioare ouer againll Port Royall, (hortning their way aboiie one hun- dred and fifty leagues : and got home into their Country of the ArmouchiiiHoism Wherein the I hauc faid in fome place thatchey are not laborious, Sauagcs arc ^^^ \^ hunting and fifhing, louingalfo the labour taken by fl ilfun *" ^^^ ' fl^**^^^^^ *'^ ^^^ ^^^^^ painefull exercif e , as in the ma- nuring of the ground, and in our mechanicall trades : alfo to grinde Come for their owne vfe. For fometimes they will rather fecch it in graines , then to grindeit by handy ftrength. Yet notwithftanding they will not be vnpron- cable. For there will be fomenieanes to employ them, to that whereunto they be inclined by nature : without for- cing it,as heecctoforc did the LAcedemonians to the yonguc men of their Common-wealth. As for the children^hav- uingyet taken no byas, it will beeafierco keepethem at home and to employ them in thofe things that fhall be thought fit. Howfoeueritbe, hunting is no bad thing,nor fi(hing neither. Let vs fee then how they behauc thcm- felucs therein. Gcnf.i.v.a$». G Chap, XXL Of their Hunting, Od, before (in,gaue for food vntoman ciicry hearbe bearing feed vpon all the earth , and euery tree wherein is the fruit ofa tree bearing; feed : without making mention of the fpillingof the bloud of beads : And jiocwirhllandinff afterthe baniflimcnt fromthe Garden of pleafurc, the labour ordained for the punifhmentof the faid finnc required a ffronger and more fubftantiall food then the former : fo man full of carnallity accuflomed himfelfe % himfclfe to feed vpon flefli, and did came cercaine number of bcafts for to fcrue him to that effedt: though feme would fay that before the floud noflefli was eaten : for in vaine *^^"«M.vcr(. hade^i^^/bcenalliepheardjandi'k^^/fatherofllicphards. But after the floud, God renewing his coucnant with man: Qcnef 9 Thefearc and dreadofjou (faith the Lovd)Jhallbe vpoyi ene- Vtii^z.u rj beaH: ef the Earth , and vponeueryfowle of the Heiiuen, "With all that msoueth on the earth , andvj^on all the fipyes of the Sea: they are gmen into your hands : all that mootteth ha-' uing life /ball he vnto you for meat, Vpon thrs p riuil edge is ^^^ ohl"' formed the ri^ht of hunting: the nobleft right of all rights right ofhun- that be Hi thevfeofman, feeingthat GodistheAuthour fi»2. of it. And therefore no maruell if kings and their Nobili- tic haue referued it vnto them, by a wel concluding reafon^ Why it ap- that if they command vnto men with farre better reafon k^nesandto^ may they command vnto beads. And if they haue the tlic-r nobility. adminiflration of luflice to ludge malefaftors, toouer- come Rebels, and to bring to humane focietic wild and Sauage men : with farre better reafon i ha 11 they haue it for to doe the fame towards the creatures of the aire, of the forrefts' and of the fields. As for them ofthe {ea wee will Forwh.itcnd rpeakeofthem in another place. And feeing that kings kings h.iue haue httm in the beginningchofen by ihe people for to ^ecnechofen. keep & defend them from their enemies , wiiilft that they are at their necelfary works, andtomakewarre as much as need is for the reparation of iniury , and recoueiyof that whicli hath been wrongfully vfurped,or taken away: itisvery reafonable and decent that as well themasthe nobility that doc afTifl: and ferue them in thofc things, haue the exercifc of hunting, which isaii hnasieofwarre, to tiie end to rowfc vp the mind and to be alwaies nimble, ready to take horfe , for to goe tc encounter with the ene- my , to ly in ambufii , to alfaile him, to chafe him, to trample him vnder fecte. There is another and firftaime jj^^ ^^^ ^^^ in hunting , \t is the food of Man, whereunto it is dclH- of hunting, nated, as is knowcn by the place of Scripture afore allead- li ged: J J >i ZfO . ... , ., >' • i -MP' i like gcefe 5 the taile is as it were, skailed, almoft of the forme of a folc- fiih, notwithftanding the skaile goeth not ofi^. It is the beft and dclicateft part of the beaft. As for the head it js fhorc and almod round,hauing two ranckes of iawes at the fides, and before fowcr great iharpe teeth one by another , two aboue and two beneath. With thcfe teeth he cuttcth fmall trees , and powies in fundry pceces , wherewith he buil- dethhis hoiife. That which 1 fay is an admirable and in- credible things This creature lodgethhimfeltc vpon the brinckes of lakes, and there he firft maketh his couch with ftraw or other things fit to lie vpon, as well for him as for his female : raifeth a vaut with his wood,cur and prepared, which he coucrcth with curfFc , in fuch fort that no vvindc enters therein , for as much as all iscoueredand iliutvp, except one hole which leadethvnder the water, and by that way he goeth foorth to vvalkc where he IKleth. And becaufe the waters of the lakes doe fomctimes rife, he ma- il ^ kcch 255 Why the Be- uer is not tft" l:cn in Sum- nur. Amphibie. The (Jefc fic- tion and filh- ingofiheBc- uci'* TI1C Bcucrs C'lbin or denne. iJ4 ^llt, I'll f ; liar m *'. I < '■■•J Hovf the Be Mcr is taken. Noud FmncU. kech a chamber abouc the lower dwelling, for to retire himfclfcin, if in cafe any inundation (liould happen : In fucb fort that fornc Beucrs cabin is aboue eight foot highr, all made with wood , piraniidc wife, and dawbed with mudde.Morcouer it ishcld that being 4Wi/>/?/^/>, as we hauc faid, hcmunalwaies participate with water, and that his tailebe dipped in it : which is thecaufe whyhclodgcth himfelfc fo nccre a lake. But being fuctle he contentcth not himfelfe with that which we hauefaid, but hathmoreouer an ilTuc into another place out of the lake, without any ca- bin, by which way he goethontheland and beguileth the hunter. ButourSauages being awareofit, take order for the fame, and ftop this pafTage. When they will , then , take the Beuer , they pierce through theifeof the frozen lake, about his cabin, then one otthe Sauages thruQeth his arme into the hole,tarying the comming otthe faid Beuer, whileft that another gocth vpon thisife, flriking with a (lafe vponitfor toaftonilli him, and make him to returne into his lodging. Then one muftbe nimble for tofeaze onhisnecke, for if one catch him by any part where hcemay bite, heewill bite very fore. The flefh thereof is very good , almoft as if it were mutton. And as euery Nation hath commonly fomthing peculiar that it bringcth foorth, which is not fo common witho- thers \ So anciently the Realme o£Po»tm had the fame for the producing of Beuers, asIlearneitoutof/>^/7, where he faicth. '-——ZJlrofat^uePontte^^aJlorea, And after him oiSidoniff de PoligmcBiihoip oi Auvergne inthefcverfcs, Fert Indus ehur , CloAldaHS amomumi AJfiritis gemmas, Servellera, thuraSabdttSy Attismely PhcemxpalmM, LacedtmonolivHm, Argos ecjHos, Eprm eqttds^ pecuaria G alius y z/frmaCalj/h^frHmefjtaMcs, Campmm iAcchunt, Anrum «55 Aurum Ljdm^ ^r^hs guttam, PanchatH Pfj/rrham, Pontmcajhreai hUttamTjrtiSi ara Cormthm, (^c. But ^t this day the land of Cotnada bcarech the bcU away for chac rcfpef^ , although that fotneof them are brought out of Mofcouy , but they are notfo good as ours. OurSauages hauealfo madevstoeatof Beuers flcHi, which was very good and tender, and like to becfe : Item, of Lcopardsjrefcmbling much the wilde catj and ofa bcaft which they tall Nthathes , which hath his pawes almoft ^Uthc:, hke to the apes pawes, by mcancs whereof he climcth ca- fily vpon the trees, yea he laieth his young ones there. He is of graieOi haires ,and his head like to a foxes. But he is fofat chat it is almoft incredible. Hauing defcribed the principall game, I will notftandtofpeakeofwoolues (for they haue (bme, and yet eat none of them)nor of Lucerns, Otters, Conies, and others which I haue mentioned in my farwell to New France , whereto I refcrre the reader, and to the rccitallof Captainc lames Carrier, Neuertheleffe it is good to fliew heere that our French Hoggw* cattell proficeth very well in thofe parts. We had hogges which haue multiplied very much. And although they had a (ligh, they did lie a broad, euen in thefnow and du- ring the froft. We had but one weather, which prooued A Weather, very well, althogh he was not taken in by night, but was inthemiddcd ofour yard in Wintertime. CMonfteurDe PoHtrincourt made him twice to be fhornc, and the woll of the fecond yeare hath becne eRcemcd in France better by twofous in the pound , than that of the firft. Wee FiucSouft had no other houQiould-cattell , but hennes and pigi- "^^^^^"^ ons , which failed not to yeclde the accuftomed tri- f,^^^ "^" bute, and to multiply aboundantly. The faid Monfieurde Outards a FoHtrincourt cooke comming out of the (licll fmall Outards l^indc of wild which hce did very will breed , and gauc tiicm to the S^*^^^* King at his returne. When the country is once (lorcd with thofc creatures and others^ they wrll cncreafe fomuch that one Ki-> 256 ^^j it <- t .'.■^l Marucllous mu'tiplicnti- enof bcalU. Thebcaibof fbrida and Lions. Brafilians. Tapirroujfoit, S<2S^CS. Ncud Francia. one fliall not know what to doc vvith thcm,likc as in Peroff, where arc at this day, and long fincc, fuch quantity of Ox- en, kinc, iwine , horfes anddoggcs , that they haueno niore owners, butdocappcrcaine totlicfirftthat doc kill them. Bang killed they carry away the hides totraffickc vvithall,and ihccarkafes are left there : which I haue many times heard ot them char haue beene there^befidcs the wit- l\QiTii\2,o( Iofeph<»yfcofla» Comminginto the Country of the Armonchtcjuois, and go:ng farther towards Firginui^ndFionda, they haueno more £//<^«j nor Beucrs, but onely Staggcs, Hindes, Roe- buckcs, Decres , Beares , Leopards, Lucernes, Onces, woolucs , wildc-dogges , Hares.and Conies, withvvhofc skinnesthey couer their bodies, making Chamois of them of the big^ell: beads. But as the heat is tnere greater then in the Coui»tries moreNorthernly, fothey do not vfcfurres, butpluckcoucthc haires from their skinncs, and very of- ten tor all garment they haue but halfe bretches , or a fmall culliion made with their mattes, which they wcare on that fide that the winde dorh blow. But they haue in Florida Crocodils alfo , which docaf- faile them oftentimes in fwimming.They kill fome ofthem fomerimes, and eat them. The flelh whereof is very fairc and white, bucicfmellcthofmuske. They hauealfoacer- taine kinde of Lions which little differ from them of Africa, As for the Brafilians they are fo far from New France, that being as it were, in another world,their beads are quit diffcrin^^ (rem thofe that we haue named, as the TapiroHf- foH, whivhif onedcfiicth tofee, he muft imagine a bead halfe an Alleand halfe a Cow , fauing that her tailcis very fhort. His haires draw towards reddc , no homes, cares hanging, and an alles foot. The fleili tiicrofis like to beefc. They haue a certainc kinde offmallStagges and hindes, which they call Seoti-ajfo^td , whofc haires be as long as Coaces haires* But But they aic pcrfeciitccl with an ciiill bcafl which they d^IanoH-arCy ahnollas talland fwiftas aGiay-hor-ntl, much like tothcO»fWwBrafilians , let ^ntJm^opk^^ vs returnc to our New France , whereche Men there are x'^ "i^^^" ca. more humane, and hue but with that which God hath J^[^- siuen to Man, not deuouring their Hke. Alfo wee muft oji^p^"^^'* wy of them that they are truely noble, nothauingany prance be a^ion but is generofe, whether we confider their hun- uudv noble, ting, or their employment in the warrs, or that one fearch out theirdomefticall actions , wherein the women doe exercife themfelues , in that which is proper vnto them , and the men in that which belongeth to armes, and other tbina;s bcfittin V Hiotographic Sdences Corporation 33 WtST MAIN STRUT WERSTER.N.Y. 14S80 (716)S73-4S03 ) 5 ^ O^ 25S 7QUA Ffdntid. ! Pioii.1.17. r//M. fecund Epift>. of the i.booke* theyhaucin France to Ibeoceatthe vi^reofa bir«I,retaca ilalce. Chap. XX IL OfHAwking, SEcing that wee hunt on the land let vs not ouerflra^ our feiues, lead if wee take the Tea, wee lofe our fbwles : for the wife man faith,^^4r in vdine the net k jbred kef ere the eies$fall thAth/mewings, If hunting then be a noble exercife , wherein the very 'Mufes thcmfelues take delight, by reafonof (ilenceand folitarinefTe, which .brings fborthfaire conceits in the minde: in fuch fort that Dian^ (faith Piify) doth not more frequent the mount aines then LMinervA. }£, I fay , hunting be a noble exercife,hau- king is farre more noble, becaufeit aymcth at an higher fubie£l, which doth participate of Hcauen, feeing, that the inhabitants of the aire are called in the facred Scrip- cure, Volncres cotli, thefoulcs of the aire. Morcouer> the exercife therof doth belong but to kin^s,6c to the noblts, aboue which their brightncfle (liinccn , as the Sunnes brightncffe doth aboue the (larres. And our Sauages be- ing of a noble heart, which makcth no account but of hunting and martiall affaires , may very certainly haue right of vfage, ouer the birds chat their land doth affoord ehcm. Which they doe likcwifc, but with much difficul- ties, becaufe chey haue not ( as wc haue) the vfc of guns. They haue enough, and too many birds of pray, as Ea- gles, Laynards, Faulcons , Ticrcelcts , Sparow-haukes, and others, which I haue fpecified in my farewell to New France , but they haue neither the vfc nor induftric to bring them to fcruice, as the French Gentlemen : and therefore they loofe much good fowle , hauing no other meanes to fecke after them , or to take them butondy with the Bowc and arrowes , with which inffruments they doelikcvnto them who in France (hooteatthc(7e'4; in time of middle-lent; or creepe along the grade, and go to affaile the Ontardcs, or wild Gcefe,which doc graze in the t^9 NdttdFrdneU. the Spring time , and in Summei- along the mcdowes* Sometimes alfo they carrie chcmfclues fofcly and without making any noifc in their canowes and light vefTels made with barkes of trees , euen to the fliores where the Ma- lards and other water fowle are, and there flrike them downe. But the greatell abundance they haue, come from certaine Hands, where fuch quanritie of them are, to wit, ofMalards, Margaux , Roquettcs, Outards,or Great aboun- wilde Geefe, Curhes, Cormorants, and others, that ic is a dance of wa- woondcrfull thing, yea that which captaine lamer ^H^r- "rfoule. /i^rreciteth, willfecme to fome altogether vncredible. "When we were vpon our returne into France, being yet beyond Campfeauy wee pad'ed by fomeof thofe Hands, where in the (pace of a quarter of an houre, we laded our barke with them, wee had no need but to {}rike downe with (laues, and not to go about to gather vntill one were wearie a ftrikin^. If any man doth aske why they flic not away, one muft confider that they be birds onely of two three 9 or fower moneths old , which haue becne there hatch ed in the fpring time, and haue not yet wings great enough to take flight, though they be well flefliic and in good plight. As tor the dwelling of Port Royall we had - . . many ofour men that furnifhedvs with them, and parti- p^r^tRoyall? cularlie one of cJWtf»/<>»r ^tf i^(?«r/ his houfhold feruants, called Francois Addeni^ whofe name I infert heere to the end he be had in memorie, beecaufe he alwaies prouided for vs abundantly with it. During the winter he made vs to Hue onely of Mallards, Cranes , Hemes , Woodcocks, Partriges,Blackbirds,& fome other kinds of that country bitds.Butinthe fpring time it was a fport to fee the gray GeefeandthebiggeOutardes(a kinde of wilde Geefe) tokeepe their Empire and dominion in our meddowes: and in Autumnc the white Geef^ of which fome did al- waies ren^aine for a pawne : then the fea Larks flying in great flocks vpon the (bores of the watcrs,which alfo ve- ry often were paied home. ' Kk 2 Touching / if •7 I li 260 NoM Frama, Touching the birds ot' pray, fotnc of our men toolce from the ncll an liagle , from the top of a Pinc-applc tree, of the nioridroufcft height that cuer I faw any trcc,which ¥^^\^\q Afoftfienr Je P^utrincoHrt did breed for to prcfent her to the king, but Ihc brake her ties, feeking to take her flight, and loft her fclfc inthefca coaiminghoHie. The SauagesofCampfeauhadfixof them pearched ncerc 80 • ;., theircabins, at our commin^ thither, which wee would not truckc for, becaufe they had pulled oflf their tailcs to to feather their arrowes. There bee fuch a quantitie of them in thofe parts , that often they did eat our pigeons, and it did bchooae vs to looke narrowly to them. The birds that were knowen vnto vs , I hauc enrowled them (as I haue faid) in my farwell to New France , but I haue omitted many of them , Isecaufe I knew i|Dt their names . There alfo may be feene the dcfcription oF a little fmall bird, which the Sauages doe call Niridan, which li- ucth but with flowers, andfhe did come noifingin ray earcSjpaflinginuifibly (fo fmallis (hee) when in the mor- ning I went to take a walke in my garden. There will be feene alfo tke difcription of cercaine flies , (hininein the euening, in the fpring time, which doe flic vp andaowne the woods in fuch a multitude that it is woonder. For the birds of Canada, I alfo refer the Reader to the report of Captaine lames ^artier. The ArmoHchuiHois haue the fame birdes, whereof there are many which are not knowen vnto vs in thefe parts. And particularly there is one kinde of water foule which hauc their bils made like two kniues , hauing the two edges one vpon another : and that which is worth the wonde- ring at, the vppermoft part of the faid bill is (horter by the one halfe then the lower-moff : in fuch wife that it is hard CO thinke how this bird takerh her food. But in the Spring Turkic- time the cockcs and hennes,which we call JndienoxTHrl^ie €ockc$. cockcs doe flic thcther as wand ring birdes , and foiorne there without pading further hcthcrvvard. They come from Tiiriddu, an adminblc little finaU bird. flics. Awondcrfnll ^ule. 2)? Cr rrc ficra KouVranctu frnm the parts ofVir^Mt/i and Florida. There be yet, be" fides thcfc, Partridges , Parracs , Pigeons , Stockc-doucs» Tiucle.d(i»ucs,Blaclcc-birds, Crowes, Ticrcdcrs, Faulcons, I'lrVIs and Laniers, Hemes, Cranes, ScorckcSjWilde-geefe, Mallards, ^°"^" of r#>. Cormorans; y^Xmt turrets ^ red, blackc/and gray ones, J^'J^** ^"'^^•^ and infinite forts of foule. As for the Brafilians they alfo haiic (lore of Turkie- cockesand hennes, which they name Ari^nan^otifjou, of whomichey make no account, nor of their egges : In fuch maner that the faid Turkic-henncs breedc their young ones as they can , without fo much a doc as in thefc parts. They haue alfo duckes but becaufc they goe hcauily they eat none of them, faying that they would hinder them from running fwiftly. Item akindcof Phcafants which they call //ico«/: Other foules which they name Mouton asbigge as peacocks : fome kindes of Partridges as bigge asGeefe,calledm/i9r4r0M4 : Parratsof fundry^orts/and many other kindes altogether vnlike ynto ours. Chap. XXIII. Of their Fijhing, 'Pptan , in the booke that he hath made vpon this fuoie^l, faith, that in the hunting of beads and of Comparifun birdes, befides the facility, there is more content- ^ctwccnc mentand delight then in fifliing, becaufc that a man hath k""""nd **" many retreats, one may get himfelfc into the (hadow, one fiflung. may meet with brookes to quench his thirfl , one may lie d^wne on the graffe , one may take his repafl vnder fomc (helter* As for birdes one may take them in the neft and with bird-lime,yca of themfelues very often they fall into thencts. But poore fi(hcr-men caft their baitc vpon an vncertainty 5 yea, double vncertaintie, as well becaufc they know not what aduenture (hall happen vnto them, as becaufc they arc vpon an vnconftant and vn- tamcablc Element, whole very fight oncly isfcarefull: They arc alwaies wandering from place to place, fub- * Kk 3 IcCts O lil Mu4Fr4ncid. ieftsco cempefts, and beaten with ftormes and winds. But yet in the cndhcconcludcth that they are not dcfli* tutc of all plcafurc, but rather that they hauc enough, when they arc in a Shippc well built, well tight, well clofcd , and fwift in faihng. Then cutting the waucs they goc to fea , where the great skulls of deuouring fiflics arc^ and cading into the fea a line well twiCled, the weight of it is no fooner in the bottome , but that as foone the baite isfnatchedvp , and fuddenly theHlli isdrawen vpwich '1| ! 4 » ;i ibrming his common-wealth hath forbidden his Citizens the cx- crcifcof 6fhing, as vnnoble, andiliberall, andfoderer ofidlenelTe. Wherein he did gro(^c\y at^uMocateSpccMy when he chargeth fi(her-men with idleneffe. Which is fo cuident t^at 1 will not vouchfafc to refute hini.But I mar- uel not of that which he faith of fi(hing , feeing that with the fame healfo reie£leth banking, vpon the fame reafons. Plutarch faith that it is more laudable to take either a Hart, a Roebuck, or a Hare, then to buy them: buchewadeth not fo farre as the other. Howfoeuer it be , the Church, which is the firft order in humane fociety , whofc Pri eft- hood is called Royall by the great Apoftle Saint Peter, hath permitted iiOiing to church-men , and forbidden hunting and banking. And indeed , to fay that which is moft probable, the food offifli is the bcft and founded of Ariftotlc 8. of all , for as much (as Ariftotle faith) that it is notfubi*ft **a^ft°^^ to any fickeneflc : from whence commeth the common ^' ^' prouerb : Somder then afi/h. So that in the ancient hiere^ vlyphtckfs a fifli is the ftmbole of health. Which notwith- ftandins I would meane, eaten whileftit is new. foro- cherwi(c (as P/«i«r«* faith) /'i/c/^ nifirecens nequatntH^ it is nothing woorth. Now our Sauages doe eat it new enough, aslono'as itlafteth : which I bclecucto bee oneofthcbcftlnrfru- ments wcnts of their health and long life. When wintci" com- meth, all fi(hes are aftonidicd, and Ihunne the ftormcs and cempcds , euery one where he may: feme doe hide chemfelues in the (and of the fea, others vnder the Rocks, others doe feeke a milder toiintry where they may be bet- ter at red. But as foone as the mildneHe of the Spring time doth/eturne , and the Sea doth calme it felfe , as a^ ter a longtiegeof a Towne, Truce being made , the peo- ple bejfg before aprifoner, iilueth forth by troupes to goe and tike the aire of the fields and to reioice them- Iclues : So thofe Citizens of the Sea^ after the gufls and furious dormes be pad , they come to enlarge chemfelues through the falted fields , they skippe, they trample, they m.^keloue, they approach to the (hoare and come to feeke the refrefliing of freQi water. And then our faid Sauages that know the Rendezvous of euery one , and the time of their returne , goe to waite for them in good deuotion to bidde them welcome. The Smelt is the fird fi(h of all that prefent himfclfe in the Spring. And to the end wee goe no further to feeke out examples then at our Pore Roy all , there be certaine brooks where fuch skulls of thefe Smelts doe come, thatforthefpaceoffiueoriix weeks one might take of them fufiicient to feed a whole Citi«. There be other brooks , where after the Smelt commeth the Herring,with like multitude , as we haue al- ready marked elfe where. Item the Pilchers doccomein their feafon, in fuch aboundance that fometimes willing to haue fome thing more for our fupper then ordinary , in leffe then the fpacc of anhoure, wee had taken enough ofthem to fcrue vs for three daics. The Dolphins , Stur- geons and Salmons doc ^ct to the head of the Riuer in the faid Port Royall, w here fiichquaatirie ofthem arc, that they carried away the nets which we had laid for them, by reafon of the multitude of them that we faw there. In all places filhaboundeth there inlikemaner , as wee our feluei haue fccnc. The Sauages doc make a hurdle, or wcarc. a^j Fiflies i Tithit»rM, rJ !! Na/iA Franck. wcare, that croffeth the brookc, which they hold almofl rprtraight, pioppcdagainQ wooden Larics,.irchwirc, & kauc thcic a (pace for the fiflics to paflc , which fpacc they ftop when the tidcdoihrecire,ancl all thefil}^ is found llaicd in fuch a multitude that thty Aider i:to belofl. And as for the Dolphins,Stur^ions and falnionSjthey rake them after that tnaner, or doe itrike them with harping irons, fo that thefe people arc happie. For there is nothing in the world fo good as tliefc frcHi meats. And 1 find by my The ftbnfc of reckeuingthat Pythagoras was very ignorant , forbidding m his faire goulden fentences the vfc of fifhes without di- ftin^tion. One may excufe him, in that fi(h being dumbe hath fome conformity with his feft j wherein dumbnefl'c ^^^ (orfilcnce) was much commended. Itisalfofaid that he diditbecaufethatfifh is nouriOied in an Element enemy to mankinde. Item that it is a great tinne to kill and to eat a creature thar doth not hurt vs. Item that it is a delicious 5c luxurious mcar, not of neccfllty (as indeed in the Hier§^ gljphtques ofOrtts Apoao, fiili is put for a marke of delica- cicaiid vol uptuoufnciTe) Item that he(the faid Pythagoras) ^\(\ eat but meats that might be offered to the gods : which is not done withfiflies : and other fuchtoies recited by Pint arch in his Convivial c]ucftions. But ail thofe ftiperftr- ons be fooliHi : and I would faine demand of fuch a man if being in C^w^^^he had rather die for hunger then to eat filli. So many anciently to follow their ownc fancies, and to fay thefe be we, haueforbidden thefr followers the vfc ofmeats that God ha:h giucn to man, and fomctirnes laicd yoakesvpon men that they thcinfelues would notbcaic Kow whatfoeuer the Philofophy ofTythaffcras'n, lam none of his. Ifinde better the rule of our good velirious men, which pleafe ihcmfclues in eating of' flefli, which I liked well in New France , neither am I yet difplcafcd when I meet with fuch fare. Ifthis Philofopher did liuc with tAmiroJia and of the food of the Gods, and wot of fiflies, ofwhich none arc faci.ficed vnto them. Our faid good. N0IM FrancU. jgood religious, as the Cordeliers, or Francifcans of Saint Maloes, and others offAc maritime towncs , together with thePriefts, may fay that in eating fometimcs fiih, they cateof the meat confccratcd to God. For when the New found land men doe meet withfomc woonderfull fairc Codde, they niakcof'itai's ?(£ua FranctM. 2 6^ ter ! and then againc flic is fee vpon with glaue-ftaucs, or pcrtuifancs,vcry fharp,fo hotly that the falc- water picrcc- ing within hcrflcQiilic loofcth her force, andrcmaincth there. Then one ticchhcrtoacableatwhofc end is an an- ker which is cafl into the Tea, then ac the end offix or eight daics they goe to terch her, when time and opportunity permits it they cut her inpceces, and in great kettles doe leech the fat which meltethic felfc intooilc, wherewith they may fill 40a. Hogf-heads,foinetimcs more., and fcm- timeslelfe, according to the greatncflcorthcbcaft,aiidof the tongue commonly they draw fiuc, yea fix hogf- heads full of trainc. Ifthjs be admirable in vSjthathaueindufirv, it is more How ibe In- admirable in the Indian people, naked and vvithoutarti- "'^"* ^^ (iciallinflruments : and neucrtheleflc they execute the \^\^^\f.^ fame thing, which is recited by lofe^h Acofia^ faying that loftfh MoJIaJ, for to take thofe great mongers they put thcmfeluesina 5>c.i5. Canow or Darke, made of the barkcs of trees , and hording the Whale they leape nimbly on her necke, and there doc fland, as it were on horfc-backc, attending the fit meanes to take her , and feeing their opportunity, thcboldeft of them putteth a ftrongand fliarpeftafe, which he carricth with him, into the gap of the Whales noftrils (Icallno- ftrill the condfit,orholethorow which they breath)foorth withhcthruftitinfar with another very flrongftafc, and makcth it to enter in as dcepe as he can. In the meane while the Whale beatcth the feafuriouflv, and raifcth vp mountaines of water , diuing downe with great violence, then mounteth vp again not knowing what to do through very rage. The Indian notwithilanding rcmainctli rtill fitting fall, and for to pay her home for this trouble , fix- cth yet another hkeQalkci.i thcothernoftrill , making it to-cnccr in , in fuch wife that it ftoppeth her winde quire, and taketh away her breath, and he comincth againc into his Ganow,which he holdeth tied at the fide of the Whak r ' a cord, then rerireth himfelfe on land hauing firfl tied > LI 3 his ly^ *u M9rJ which is much. But in our old ancient France, bread and wine being our vfuall fuftenancc , it would bee hard vnto vs to make hcere our aboadc , vnlefTe the land were fit for the fame. Let vs then enter into confidcration of it, and 17* UJ and let vs put our hands into our boromej to fee if the ' ■ duggcs of this mother will yceld any milke to nourifli her children, and as for the rclt, wee will take what may bee v'h. 1. 18 e.% hoped for of her. Attilim Regultu, cwife Confull in Rome, Whichis the did commonly fay, that one muftnot choofc places oucr good land, rankc, bccaufe they arc vnhealthfull •, neither places oucr barren , although one may liue healthily in them. And withfuch a raodetatcfoiledid Cato content himrdfcThe ground ofNew France is fuch, for the moft part of fatte land, vndcr which we haue often found clay ground : and of that earth did Monjieurde FoHtrinccurt caufc a quanti- tieof hricksiobemaoe, wherewith hcbuildcd a furnace to mclcthe gum of the firre tree, and chimncies. I will fay farther, that one may makcwiihthis earth fuch opcrati- Tli arth of °"^>*5 ^'^^ ^^^ t^n\\ which wecall terra Jigillat a,oi Bohis New France -^^«^wr«y,asinmany occafionsour Apothecaric mafter hauing: the Lewes Hchert mod fufficient in his Arte , hath made triall of itjby the aduice oiMonpenrde PoHtrinconrt : yea euen when that Mvnjistirdti /^^»r his fonnc had three fingers cut ofFwith a musket- (hot, which 6i^ burft being ouer- charged, iu thecountrieofthe /4r«i*//f/7/^«oi^. * Tnis prouince hauing rhe two natures of Earth that God hath giuen vnto man for to pofl'cflc, who may doubt but that itisa land of promife , when icdialbe manured? Wee haue made trial! of it > and hauetakenpleafure there- in , wliich neucr did all them that haue gone before vs, whetherit be in Brafill, whether it be in Florida^ or in Ca- "'f^r ^d^^'on ^ ^^^ ^^^^^ blefTcdourlaboursand hath giuen vnto •urUbour.^ V* fairc whcate, Ric,Barly ,Oatcs,pcafon,Bean€S,Hempe, Turneps, and garden hearbs : and this fo plentifully that theRie was as high as the tailed man that may be feenc, and we did fcare that this height fliould hindcritfrom bringing foorth feed : But it hath fo well fruftificd that ^j one frcnch-grainc fowed here hath yeeldcd one hundred lorric from and fifty Earcs of cornc , fuch as by the teftimony of my one giiinc. Lord Chanceliour, the Hand ofCiciUa nor the countrie of fame eflccls as teri'a HgiU lata. oi'Bed^eioc yccld noncfaircr. I did fowwhcatf, with- out fuming my land to reft , and without dunging it at all: and neuerthelcfle it grew vp in as faircpcrfeftionasthc faircft whcatc in France, although the corne and all chat wee did fow was to long kept. But the new corne which f^iC^dA^L^onJieftrdePeutrincourtdx^ fow before his de- parture from thence grew vp fo beautiful! that it was won- derful! , according to the report of them that hauebeene there a yeere after our departure. Whereupon I will fay that which was of mine ownedoing , that in the month of Aprill in the yeere 1 607 hauing fowed too thickc & too neereone to the othecjfome few grains of the Rie that was gathered at Saint Croix(thc firft dwelling oiMonfieur de OPfontf, fometwcnty fiucleagues from Port Royall)thefe graines did multiplie foaboundantly that they choaked one another , and came to no good perfe£lion. But as for the ground mended , dunged with our hogs dung, or with the fwcepings of the kitchinne , flitls of fifli, or fuch Hke things, 1 would not beleeuc . vnlefle I had feeneity the excefliue.loftinede of the plants thatithach produced euefy one in hiskinde.Yea the Sonne of -^i?»- Jieur de Potttrincourt, a yong Gentleman of great forward- nefle, hauing fowed graines ofOringes and of Citrons in his garden, they fprung plants of a foote high at three months end. We did not expeftfomuch, andnotwith- ftanding wc tooke pleaiurc therein, emulating one ano- ther. I referre to any mans Judgement if the fecond triall will be done with a good courage. And heerclmuftfay by the way that the Secretary of the faid Monfieur de Monts, being come into thofe parts before our departure, did fay that he would not for any thing in the world , but cohaue made the voyage, and that vnlefle he had feenc our corne, he would not haue belccuedit. Beliold liow continually the country of ^«^W4 liath bcencdifcrcditcd (vndcr whofe name all that land is comprized) not know- ing what itis, vpon thereport offoroc Mariners, who Mm onely m m 1 60 J, SXroixisi^, leagues from Port Roy tli. Tlicfcrtiitjr of the ground mended. Orengcs, Citrons, The abiifc of them that h'lucdifcifiij- tcd rhe coun- try oi Canada, ^■\ ?.*• ^74 onely doe goetofiihfor Coddcs, and yponthe rumor of Coine (ickncflcs, which may bee avoided in maintai- nins: of mirth. Sothac men be well furniflied ofneccfla. ries. * •• ' - . • r ' •' , • .-•:'. But to continue our purpofc of the mending of the ground, whereof wee fpake euennow, one ccrtaine an- cient Authour faith that the Ccnfors ofRomcdidlctto farmc thcdunghils and other vnclcancncfle, which were drawcn out of finckcs for looo tallcntsayecre(whichis woorth ^oocoo French-crowncs)to the Gardeners of Rome, bccaufe that it was thcexccllcntcft dung of all: And there was to that end Commiflioners ordained for to cleanfc them : Likewife the bottome and Channell of the Riucr Tybre , as certaine ancient infcriptions , which I haue fometimes read, doe record. The land oi\ht ArmoMchicjHoi6 dothbeare yeerely fuch cornc as that which wee call Sarmz^n wheate, Turkic wheate , and Induin wheate , which is the Irio or Eryfimon frugesoiTliny and Columella, But the Virgimans , Florid Mans, and Brajilians, more foutherly , make two har- r^XnThc "^^^ ayeere. All thefc people doe till their land with a yearc/"*^ ^ wooddenpickc-axe,weedout the wecds and burne them. The miner of fatten their Heldes with (hell-fiih , hauing neither tame fatting, til- Cattell nor dung : then they heape their ground in fmall Iing,and fow- Jicjpcs two foote diftant one from another, and the month *"ound«. of Maie being come , they fectheir Corne in thofe heapes of earth as wee doe plant beanes , fixing a ftick , and put- ting foure graines of corne feuerally one after another (by certaine fuper(lition)in the hole, and betweene the plants of the faid corne (which groweth like a fmall tree , and is ripe atthree months end)they alfo fet beanes fpotted with all colcjrs , which are very delicate , which by reafon they be not {o high , doe grow very well among thefe plances of corne: Wee haue fowed of thefaid corne this lad yeere in Paris in good ground , but with fmall profit, hauing y ccldcd cuery plant but one care or two , and yet very ^.10. The^/rgiw vcrytWnnc: Where in that country one graine will ycld foure, fiue and fix cares, and cuery care one with another aboue 200 graines^which is a maruellous incrcafe. Which (hcweth theprouerbe reported by Theophraftni to be ve- ry true, that it is the yecre that produced the fruit , and not the field: That istofay, that the temperature of the aire, and condition of the weather , is that which makech the plants tobuddeand fru^^ifie more then the nature of the earth. Wherein is to be wondred that our Cornegrow- cthtjettcr there, thcntheircorncheere. Accrtainctcfti- monie that God hath blefied that country , fince that his name hath beene called vpon there : Alfo that in thefe parts, fince fomeyeeres, Godbeatethvs (aslhauefaid clfewhere) with rods of iron , and in that country he hath fpred his blcdingaboundantly vpon our labour, and that in one paratiele and eleuation of the Sunne. This Corne growing high , as we haue faid, the ftalke of it is as biggeas Canes, yea bigger. The ftallce & Corne taken grecnc, haueafugartafte, which isthecaufe why the Mowles and field Rattes doe fo couetit, for they fpoiled me a plot of it in New France. The great bcafts,as Scagges and other beads, as alfo birds doe Q)oile it. And the Indians arc conftraincd to kecpe them as wee doe the vines hcere. The Harueft bein^done , this people laicth vp their Corne in the grouna , in pits which they make in fome difcentofahill , for the runningdowne of waters, fur- nidiinc^thofe pits with mattes : and this they doe bccaufe they haue no hoafes with lofccs, nor chcfts to lay it vp o- therwife : then the corne conferued after this mancr,is out of the way of Rats and Mifc. Sundry nations of thofc parts haue had the fame inucn- tion to kecpe corne in pits.For Sfiida^ maketh mention of it vpo the word Seiroi.And Procopim in the fecond book ofthebothickewarre, faith that the Gothes befieging Rome fell within the pits, where the inhabitants were Mm 2 woont *7% Thtcfhrafim in the 8. booke of plants. Our corne profitethbet- tcrin their ground then their corne in ours. fiarnes vnder ground. a7< 14. chap. The cnifc N$M Frdncid. woont to by their Corne. Tacit hs rcportcth alfo that the Germans had fuch pics. And vvichouc particularifing any- farther, in many places of France that keepeac this day their corne after that maner. We haue declared heerctp- fore in what fafliion they (lampe their Corne , and make bread with it, and how by the tcftiroonie oi Pliny, the an- cient Italiaiis liad no better induflrie then they. They oi Canada and Hocheiaga, in the time of /4W^/ whyihcf4»4. ^artier, did alfo till after the fame maner, and the land diam hauc Jid afroordthcmCorne.Beanes,Peafon,Milions, Pom- fheir tillage, pions, 6c Cuciimbcrs,but fincc that their furres hauc been in requell , and that for the fame they haue had bread and ' other vi^ualSjwithout any other paines,they are become fluggiih, as the Souricjuois alfo, who did addift themfelucs CO tillage in the fame time. But both the one and the other nation haue yet at this time excellent Hempe, which the ground produccthof it felfc. It is higher, finer, whiter, and (Ironger then ours in thefe our parts. But that ofthc ArmoHchiquoishtzxtth at the top ofthe (lalke thereof a cod,filled with a kinde of cotten , like vnto Hike , in which lieth the feed. Of this cotton , or whatfoeuer it be, good beddes may be made, more excellent a thoufand times then of feathers, and fof- ter than common cotten. We haue fowed ofthe faid feed, or graine in diuers places of Paris,but it did not prooue. Wehauefeenebyour Hiftorie, how along the great riuer, hey ondTadoftJfac , Vines are found innumerable, and grapes at thefcafon. 1 haue fcene none in Port Roy- all, but the land and the hils are very proper for it. France had none in ancient time , vnlede peraduenture along the CO aft ofthe L^Plf edit err aneayi fea. And the GauHois hauinf^ Hemp. Cotton. Vines and grapes. jturel. ^'?"'^7k*'^*^ done fome notable feruice to the Emperour Probus , they demanded of him for recompence, permiflTion to plane Vines : which he granted vnto them : But they were firft: denied by thcEmperor Nero. But why doe I aleadge the Ganllois^ feeing that in Brafill; being a hot countric, there when the Vine vt^s firll planted ia France. vvas was none vntill that the Frenchmen and Portugefcs had planted fome there : So there is no doubt but that the Vine will grow plentifully in the faid Port Royall, feeing likewife that at the riucr Saint lohn (which is twentic leagues more Northward than the faid Port)thcrc be ma- ny of them : yetforallrhatnotfofaireas in thecounrrie ohhz ArmoptchiqHois, where it fcemeth that iV^rwr^ did delight herfclfe in planting of them there. • And for as much as we hauc handled this fubic£t,fpeak- ingofthe voiage that MonfieurDePoHtrmcofirt made the- ther, we will paflc further , to declare vnto you that the moft part of the woods of this land be OakesandVVal-. nut-trees , bearingfmall-nuts withfoweror fiuc fides, fo fweec and delicate as any thing may be : And likewife Plumb-trees which bring foortn very good Plumbes : As alfo Sajfafras, atreehauing leaucslikeio Oakc-leaues,but leffc iagged, whofe wood isof very good fcnt, and moft excellent for the curing of many difeafes, as the pox, and thcfickneffe o(Camaaj which I call Phthijte, whereof we hauedifcourfed at large heeretofore. They alfo plant great ftore oiTabacco, a thing moft precious with them,and vniverfally amongft all thofe na- tions. ItisaplanteofthebigneiTeofCoM/tf/i^^/^^ior, the fmoake whereof they fucke vp with a pipe in that manner that I will declare vnto you , for the contencmenr ofthem that know not the vfe of it. After chat they haue gathe- red this hearbe , they lay it to dry in the (hade, and haue certaine (mall bagges of leather , hanging about their neckcs or at their girdles, wherein they haue al waics fome and a Tabacco-pipe with all, which is a little pan hollowed at the one fide, and within whofe hole there is a lon^ quill or pipe, out of which they fucke vp the fmoake, which is within the faid pan, after they put fire to it with a cole that they laie vpon it. They will fometimes fuffcr hunger eight daies, hauing no other fuftenance then that fmoake. And our Frcnchmeu who hauc frequented them arc fo be- -_ Mm 3 vvicched 177 Oakef, Nut- trees. Plumb.trccs. Sajfafrtu, Vhthifie, I. book, c J ^. Tabaeco an4 the vfe of ic. ■^ Foolifli gree- dincSe of V fome men af. witched with this drunkenneiTe of Tabacco, thatthey can nomore be without it, then without meat ordrinke, and vpoB that doe >they fpend good (lore of mony . For the good Tabaccowmch commeth out of ^r4/i/ doth fome- times cofl; a French-crownie a pound. Which I deeme foo- lifhncfTe in them , becaufethat notwichdanding they doe not fpare more in their eating and drinking then other men^neither doe they take a bit of meat nor a cup of drinke the lefTe by it. But it is the more excufable in the Sauages, byreafontheyhaueno greater delicioufnefle in their T^f- bagies, or bankets, and can make cheere to them that come to vifit them with no greater thing , as in thefe our parts one prefcnts his friend with fome excellent wine : In fuch fort that if one refufcth to take the Tabacco-pipe , it is a (igne that he is not a friend.. And they, which among them haue fdmeobfcure knowledge of God, doe fay that he ta- kcch Tabacco as well as they , and that it is the true nc£^ar> del'cribed by the Poets. This fmoake of Tabacco taken by the mouth, in fuck- ing, as a child that fuckcth his dugge, they make it to ifTue thorow the nofe, 6c paflTing chorow the conduits of brea- thing, the braines are warmed by it^ andthehumidicicof the fame dried vp. It doth alfo in fome fort make one gid- die, and as it were druuke, itmaketh the belly foluble, mi- tigatah the paffions of Venus , bringech to ilecpe, and the leafe of Tabacco, or the aOies that remaine in the pan healeth wounds. Yea I will fay more that this ne£^ar is vn- " .to them fo fwcet , that the children doc fometimcs fup vp the fmoake that cheir fathers cad out of their noftrils.tothe end that nothing be lod. And becaufc chat the fame hach B«fle Uftf, jj pjf J biting tafte , ^Unfieur de Belief or eft , reciting that which lantes ^artier (yvho knew not what it was) faith of it , will make the people belecue chat it is fome kind of pepper. But whatfocuer fweetenefTe is found therein I could neuer vfe my felfe to it , neither doe I care for the yfe and cufiometo take it in iinoake. There The Sauagcs doe thinke that God hath taken Tabacco. The vertues and proper- tics of Taba- co. Noud TnncU.^ ^79 there is yet in the land of the ^rmouchiquoisy certainc r^ kindcofRootcs asbiggcas a loafcofbrcad , moft excel- ^X^'" '^''* lent for to be eaten, hauing a tafte like the ftalkes of Arti- chocks, but much more plcafant, which being planted do multiply in fuch fort, that it is woonderfull. 1 bclccue that thcybcthofe which be called ^frodilles , according to the defcription that T/w;maketh of them : Thcfe Roots (faith he)arc made after the fafhionof fmal turneps&: there isno plant that hath fo many roots as this hath : for fome- '' Thcfe feem times one fhallfind fowerfcorc c^rtJ^^/Z/e-/ tied together, "to be They are good rolled vnder the imbers^ or eaitenravv with « 5^ <^"n