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1M 
 
•,• ••• • 
 
 ...• : 4-::: :•.* 
 
 • • • • • 
 
 • • . • 
 •, • • • • 
 
 Obv. 
 
 XXVI 
 NORTH WKST COMPANY'S TOKKN. 
 
 Rov. 
 
 Obv. 
 
 Rev. 
 
 MONTR KAI, ROPERY TOKEN. 
 
 Obv. 
 
 Rev. 
 
 CXIV 
 BANK OF MONTREAL PENNY TOKEN. 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 A DESCRIPTI\T CATALOGUE 
 
 OP 
 
 Coins, Tokens and Medals 
 
 ISSUKU IN UK Kb'LATINd lO IIIK 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA AND NEWFOUNDLAND. 
 
 WITH NOTES, (GIVING INCIDKNTS IN THK HISTORY OF MANY OF TIIKSE 
 
 COINS AND MFIMLS. 
 
 BY 
 
 ROBERT WALLACE McLACHLAN. 
 
 • , • 
 
 MONTREAL: 
 PRIVATELY PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR. 
 
 1886. 
 
/ •? ^ <- 
 
 AA '3 
 
 ONE HUNDRED COPIES 
 REPRINTED FROM THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUMISMATICS. 
 
 X". i<o 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 WHILE the followiiif^ paj^os have been to me a lal)or of h)ve, they were only 
 attempted after a long apprentieeship as a collector, and after most of the 
 facts had been accumulated. And yet, since I commenced, in 181S0, the series of 
 articles in the American Journal of Xiniiisinatics on Canadian Numismatics — of 
 which this is a reprint — the subject has so grown that over three hundred different 
 pieces, which should be classed in the earlier portions of the work, have come to my 
 knowledge. These, together with any others that may in the meantime come under 
 my notice, will be described in a Supplement, which will be issued at as early a date 
 as possible. 
 
 With few exceptions the coins and medals herein described have been before me, 
 when writing. This is my excuse for entering into a field so limited wherein others 
 have already gleaned and sent forth the result of their labors. 
 
 Indulgence is craved for the errors that will be noticed here and there in these 
 descriptions. Many of them are due to the distance the proofs had to be sent, — 
 frequently rendering it impossible for me to inspect them carefully before printing, — 
 and others to the haste with which the articles had to be prepared for the Journal, 
 These errors will be corrected in the Supplement. Nos. CCCXCIX to CCCCVII 
 differ from the descriptions in the Journal, having been duplicated through mistake. 
 No. CCCCLXXXV in the Journal li.st has al.so been changed to CCCCLXXXVI. 
 The latter number, as I have .shown, since its mention in the Journal, has no reference 
 whatever to Canada, and the description of another Medal has been sub.stituted for 
 the former number. 
 
 I shall be pleased to receive communications from collectors, giving suggestions 
 regarding errors, and mentioning omissions the knowledge of which may be u.seful in 
 preparing the supplement for the press. 
 
 99 OsnoRNE Street, Montreal, August, 1886. 
 
i! 
 
 I. 
 
 to the 
 
 / 
 
 Mintn 
 
 A 
 every ii 
 for the 
 coinage 
 three s( 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 FRENCH REGIME. 
 
 BY K. W. M^LACHLAN. 
 
 PART 1. 
 
 N preparing an amended Catalogue of Coins and Medals relating 
 to Canada, I intend to depart somewhat from the order adopted 
 by Sandham. Describing first those issued during the French 
 Regime, I shall then take up the separate provinces in order, giving priority 
 to the numismatically more important ones. As I intend to describe medals 
 under the respective provinces to which they belong, no separate heading 
 will be necessary for that department. Such information as may prove 
 interesting to collectors will be given under the description of each coin to 
 which it may relate, and with these preliminary remarks I will s* once enter 
 upon the proper work of this paper. 
 
 I. Obv. i.UD. xiiii. D. G. FR. ET. NAV. HEX. Laureated bust of Louis XIV. 
 to the right. Mint mark, a sun. 
 
 Rev. GLORIAM. REGNi. V. TVi. DicENT. 1670 Arms of France crowned. 
 Mint mark, a tower. Size 21 millimeters. 
 
 As colonies, in their infancy, seem to have been in a chronic state of impecuniosity, 
 every imaginable expedient was attempted to retain sufBcient of the circulating medium 
 for the wants of the people within the countrv. They all seemed to fail. This special 
 coinage for Canada was no exception ; for among the Canadian collectors there are only 
 three specimens, and these are importations. This was first recognized as Canadian, on 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 this continent, by Prof. Anthon, having been noticed by him at length in Vol. V, p. 65, 
 in the Americaa yountai of Numismatics ; it is also mentioned by Sandham, in the 
 supplement to the " Coins of Canada," page 6. 
 
 II. Obv. As last. 
 
 Rev. As last. Size 27 millimeters. 
 
 Although this coin has been known, for a long time, as the Fifteen Sol Piece de- 
 scribed by Leblanc, in the " Traite Historique des Monnoyes de France," page 388, no 
 specimen was known in America until Mr. Anthon's article appeared in Vol. XI, p. 49, 
 of the yournai. It is there held, on what I consider slender grounds, along with the 
 preceding piece, to relate to the United States. This idea I combatted in a review of 
 the above article in the Canadian Antiquarian, Vol. V, page 194. 
 
 III. Obv. SIT. NOi^EN. DOMINI. BENEDICTUM. Two l's crossed, sumiounted 
 by a crown. 
 
 Rev. COLONIES FRAN901SES 1 72 1 H occupying the whole field. Size 26 m. 
 
 This coin, together with the one following, is described by Dickeson in the " Amer- 
 ican Numismatic Manual," page 71. It is there claimed as relating to Louisiana, upon 
 similar grounds to Mr. Anthon's for the Gloriam Regni. Canada, at that time being 
 by far the most important, as well as the most populous of the French colonies, I have 
 no doubt these coins circulated freely among its inhabitants, for whom they were mainly 
 coined, until exported, as were all other moneys brought to Canada in those times. 
 Crosby, in the " Early Coins of America." omitted them, as having no direct reference 
 to the United States. 
 
 IV. Obv. As last. 
 
 Rev. Same as last, except that the date is J122. Size 26 m. 
 
 Dickeson, in rather ambiguous phraseology, states that there are four types and six 
 varieties of these colonial pieces of 1721 and 1722 ; but he does not designate in what 
 the differences consist. Thus far, the only varieties I have been able to make out, are those 
 indicated by the dates, as above described. That of 1 722 seems to be much more plen- 
 tiful, specimens having occasionally been met with in circulation at the present day in 
 Canada. 
 
 V. Obv. LUD. XV. REX cHRLSTiANLss. Ex. D.v. Laureated bust in armor 
 to the right. 
 
 Rrj. SUB OMNI siDERE CRESCUNT. Ex. COL. FR. DE LAM. 175 1. Indian 
 with bow and quiver, walking, while he looks back toward a group of lilies. 
 
 These jetons are only a few out of a large number issued under this and the pre- 
 ceding reign, relating to every imaginable subject. As a description of them has 
 appeared lately in the youmal, (Vol. XIII, page 67,) a more extended account of them 
 is here unnecessary. This jeton, no doubt, declares that French colonies were flourish- 
 ing at that time in every clime. 
 
 VI. Obv. LUD. XV. REX CHRISTIANLSS. Ex. B. DUVIV. BuSt of Louis, With 
 
 long hair tied with ribbon and bow. 
 
 Rev. UTRIQUE FACIT COMMERCIA MUNDI. Ex. COL. FRANC. DE L*AM. 1752. 
 
 Mercury hovering over the sea. Buildings on the shore under the letters 
 c N. R. Size 26 m. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 in armor 
 
 Relating, no doubt, to the extension of French commerce, that was to be accel- 
 erated, or had already shown signs of improvement, through the building up of a vast 
 colonial empire. 
 
 VII. Obv. LUD. XV. REX CHRi.sTiANiss. Ex. J. c. R in monogram ; dia- 
 demed head of Louis to the right. • 
 
 Rev. SATIS UNUS UTRIQUE. Ex. COL. FRANC. DE LAM. 1 753. The SUO 
 
 shining on two hemispheres, inscribed with initials of their names. Size 26 m. 
 
 These suggest that as one sun was sufficient for two hemispheres, so also, one king 
 (that of France,) was adequate. An idle boast, soon to be proved empty by the extinc- 
 tion of French dominion in America. 
 
 VIII. Obv. LUD. XV. REX cHRisTiANiss. Ex. FM Laureaced bust of Louis 
 in armor to the right. 
 
 Rev. NGN INFERIORA META[.LIS. Ex. COL. FRANC. DE l'aM. \yS\. Three 
 
 beavers at work on left of a stream ; on right Indian corn growing ; underneath, 
 the letters c. n. r. Size 26 m. 
 
 This has reference to the failure to obtain the much-desired precious metals in 
 Canada. It is here indicated that the fur trade, represented by beavers, of which the 
 French almost held a monopoly, was in no degree inferior to the products of the Spanish 
 possessions. 
 
 IX. Obv. LUD. XV. REX CHRISTIANISS. Bust of Louis to the right, hair 
 tied with ribbon and resting on his shoulders. 
 
 Rev. Same as last. Size 26 m. 
 
 A variety, struck most likely from reverse die of last, with obverse of No. XIH. 
 
 X. Obv. LUD. XV. REX CHRISTIANISS. Ex. V M Bust of Louis in lion's 
 skin to right ; hair tied with a bow. 
 
 Rev. .NGN viLius AUREO. Ex. COL. FRANC. DL LAM. 1755. Ancient gal- 
 ley, from the top of which hangs a " golden " fleece. Size 26 m. 
 
 Many were the Jasons, in those adventuroi.s days, who set out for New France, 
 expecting to return with the mucti-coveted auriferous prize. Hut the fleecing of the 
 poor habitants, indulged in by some of their governors, was the nearest approach to the 
 golden fleece to which they ever attained. To this cause, more than to all others, may 
 we attribute the failure of French anticipations in building up a glorious empire in 
 America. 
 
 XI. Ok;. Same as No. VIII. 
 Rev. Same as No. X. Size 26 m. 
 
 This, like No. IX, is struck from dies belonging to two different specimens: There 
 may be others thus struck from mixed dies, but at present I have only heard of two. 
 
 XII. Obv. LUD. XV. REX CHRISTIANI.S.S. Ex. R. FiLius. Laureated head to 
 the right. 
 
 Rev. SEDEM NGN ANIMUM MUTANT. Ex. CGL. FRANC. DE LAM. 1756. TwO 
 
 bee-hives with a swarm of bees between. Size 27 m. 
 
 Having reference to migrations of the French to the colonies. They, while leaving 
 the mother land, do not lose their love of France or allegiance to her king. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 XIII. Obv. Same as No. IX. 
 
 Rev. FARAT ULTIMA TERRA TRIUMPflOS. Ex. COL. FRANC. DE l' AMERIQUE 
 
 1757. Mars with spear and shield of France, and Neptune with trident float- 
 ing on a shell. Size 26 m. 
 
 Some advantage gained over the English is no doubt here commemorated. Short 
 lived it was, for, with the investing of Canada by Wolfe and Boscawen, the issue of these 
 jetons ceased, and with them closed the series of French numismatics in Canada. 
 
 XIV. ObiK LUD. XV. REX CHRisTiANiss. Bx. B Duviv. Laureated bust of 
 Louis, with hair tied with ribbon. 
 
 Rev. eadem trans aequora virtus. Ex. col. franc, de l' am. 1758. A 
 sea having a rocky shore on the right, with buildings on the left. A flock of 
 eagles flying towards the former. Size 26 m. 
 
 The French colonists, in the early troubled times, were famed for their daring in 
 encounters with the Indians and the English. This has reference to some such deeds 
 of valor. 
 
 XV. Ok). .FR. CHRIST, de. LEVI. D. DAMPVILLE. P. FRANC. PROREX. AMERI- 
 
 CAE. Ex. I. HARDY. F. 1 658. Bust in armor to the right, with long hair stream- 
 ing over the shoulders. 
 
 Rev. .EX. TE. ENIM. EXiET. Dvx. QUI. RKGAT. popvLVM. MEVM. Arms quar- 
 tered on an ermine mantle surmounted by a ducal coronet. Size 5i m. 
 
 The arms on the reverse of this medal are highly elaborate, the first and fourth 
 quarter being alike, as also the second and third, while each is again quartered. There 
 seems to be some doubt as to whether De Levis ever visited Canada, being rather a 
 home functionary, superintending the whole French possessions in America. 
 
 XVI. Obv. LUDOVICUS MAGNUS REX CHRISTIANISSIMUS. Ex. DOLLIN. F. 
 
 Head of Louis XIV. with flowing hair. 
 
 Rev. FRANCIA IN NOVO ORBE VICTRIX. Ex. KEBECA LIBERATA M.DC.XC. 
 
 France seated on a rock, resting an arm on a shield with arms of France; on 
 either side flags, and a shield at her feet. At the foot of the rock to the right 
 is a river god, while a beaver crawls down the rock in front. Size 42 m. 
 
 This medal was struck to commemorate the defeat of Sir William Phipps before 
 Quebec. It is described by Sandham, page 51, and also in the Journal, Vol. IX, page i. 
 In both, illustrations are given that dirter widely frcTi the original. The artist's name is 
 not given under the bust, while the reverse is misrepresented in many particulars. The 
 beaver is represented on the left, crawling upwards, whereas on the medal it is on the 
 right, crawling down. The size of the engraving is larger. More than once my atten- 
 tion has been called to a new variety of the Kebeca Liberata medal. That these illus- 
 trations were obtained from the same source there can be no doubt. Copied from an 
 fingraving found in an old volume, we have a sample of numismatic illustration of the 
 early part of the eighteenth century, where detail was neglected and uniformity of size 
 carefully fallowed. 
 
 XVII. Obv. Similar to last ; a slight difference in the arrangement of 
 the hair. Ex. i. mavger. f. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 3I,LIN. F. 
 
 Rev. Same as last. Size 42 m. 
 
 This and the following are simply varieties, different obverse dies having been used. 
 While the heads resemble each other closely, still there is enough variation to show the 
 styles of the different artists who executed the dies. 
 
 XVIII. Obv. Similar to No. XVI ; hair much fuller Ey.. r. 
 Rev. Same as XVI. Size 42 m. 
 
 f his is somewhat scarcer than the other two, and I am inclined to believe that it 
 is the original combination of obverse and reverse. 
 
 XIX. Obv. LUDOVICUS XV. D. G. FR. ET N.W. REX. Ex. I)U VIVIER. 
 
 Young laureated bust of Louis in toga. 
 
 Rev. LunovicoBURGUM FUXDATUM ET MUNiTUM. Ex. M.Dcc.xx. View of 
 the fort and harbor of Louisburg, with vessels in the harbor and at sea. 
 Size 43 m. 
 
 The foundation of Louisburg, and the erection of its almost impregnable battle- 
 ments, well deserve the commemorative recognition of a medal ; for had it been properly 
 defended, it would have long remained a bulwark against the encroachments of English 
 aggression. 
 
 XX. Obv. PAX URIQUE VICTRIX Ex. GALLORUM ET HRITANNORUM CON- 
 CORDIA MDCci.xiii. Peace standing, holding in her right hand an olive branch, 
 and in her left a caduceus. At her feet a nude male figure is seated on a 
 battering ram. with flags and implements of ancient warfare. 
 
 Rev. Same as last. Size 43 m. 
 
 One would suppose that more care would be taken in the manipulation of the dies 
 at such an institution as the Musde Monetaire. But the above mule I received in place 
 of a Louisburg Medal ordered. I also ordered the Peace Medal, and received in its 
 place the two obverses struck together, forming a double-headed medal of Louis XV. 
 We can thus account for the Kebeca Liberata Medal occurring with three different 
 obverses, — dies having been taken out of their proper placts and returned promiscuously. 
 
 PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. 
 
 This Province is, numismatically speaking, by far the most important 
 subdivision of the Dominion. Its issue almost equals that of all the other 
 provinces together. Although Mr. Sandham catalogued the coins of Ontario 
 and Quebec as one group, under the heading Canada, these Provinces have 
 been separated since the consummation of the Confederation Act in 1867. 
 The name being now extended to the whole Dominion, such arrangement 
 would prove inconvenient. The task of separating them is not so difficult as 
 one would imagine, there being only two or three pieces over which one need 
 hesitate in assigning the coins to their respective Provinces. 
 
 The name Province of Quebec, chosen by the framers of the Act, is that 
 by which it was known for a long time after its capture from the F«"ench. 
 
8 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 XXI. Obv. VEXATOR CANAbiN SIS A rudcly executed bust to the left. 
 
 Rev. RENONiLos viscAPE 1811 An equally rude figure of a woman sup- 
 posed to be dancing. In her right hand she holds a flower, while with her 
 left she guides her train. Her dress is represented by irregular lines. Cop- 
 per. Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 Mr. William Kingsford, in an article in the Canadian Antiquarian, Vol. II, page i, 
 gives the history of this piece. He describes it as a political token, satirical in its 
 character, relating to the Governorship of Sir James Craig. The inscription on the 
 obverse he translates " The pest of Canada." The reverse he divides into Noh Illos Vis 
 Capere, which he has rendered " Don't you wish you may catch them." 
 
 XXII. Obv. VEXATOR ♦ * CANADiENSis * Bust as last. 
 
 Rev. RENONiL ♦ Lo * s * VISCAPE 1811. Wottiau as in the last, but 
 the dress is not represented by lines. The planchet is thinner than the last. 
 Copper. Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 These pieces are nearly always in poor condition, so that it is rather difficult to 
 decipher the inscription. Sandham's reading of the reverse is incorrect. He also 
 describes three varieties, and states that there are still other two, making five in all. 
 But a careful inspection of a number of specimens that have passed through my hands, 
 and a comparing of notes with other collectors, have failed to reveal more than the two 
 above described. 
 
 XXIII. Obv. MAGDALEN ISLAND TOKEN l8l5 A Seal. 
 
 Rev. SUCCESS to the fishery, one penny, a dried codfish. Copper. 
 Size 34 m. R 3. 
 
 Sandham gives a separate division to this coin, although the Magdalen Islands are 
 attached to the Province of Quebec. Of its history I have not been able to learn any- 
 thing, but believe it was imported by some of the large fish dealers for change, which at 
 that time was scarce on the islands. 
 
 XXIV. Obv. HALF PENNY TOKEN 1816 Laureated bust of Wellington 
 to left. 
 
 Rev. MONTREAL A ship under full sail to the right. Copper. Size 28 m. 
 R 2. 
 
 A token evidently imported as a profitable speculation, as it is struck on a thin 
 planchet. I have a specimen in my collection struck over a Portugese Five Reis 
 piece. 
 
 XXV. Obv. MONTREAL | (3Mi^4, \ MILITIA occupyiug the whole field in 
 sunken letters. 
 
 Rev. Plain. Brass. Size 29 m. R 3. 
 
 Although specimens of the above are occasionally met with in circulation, they 
 are simply buttons, hastily struck for the raw levies that were raised for the defence of 
 Canada during the war of 18 12. On the termination of the war these buttons were 
 divested of their shanks and circulated as change among a people accepting anything 
 as money that had the proper shape and size. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 XXVI. Obv. TOKEN Ex. 1820 Laureated bust of George IV. to the 
 
 right. 
 
 Rev. NORTH WEST COMPANY A beaver to the right. Brass. Size 28 m. 
 R6. 
 
 The North West Company was organized in Montreal, to carry on the fur trade in 
 the northwest in opposition to the Hudson Bay Company. The opposition between the 
 two companies ran so high that it almost resulted in open warfare on the part of their 
 respective employees. To prevent bloodshed the companies were amalgamated, the 
 Hudson Bay Company assuming control. This coin was described by Christmas in the 
 Numismatic Chronicle, and is one of the rarest of the Canadian series, only one specimen 
 being known on this continent. 
 
 XXVII. Obv. FOR PUBLIC ACCOMMODATION. A ship under full sail to 
 the right. 
 
 Rev. . CANADA I . HALF | PENNY | . TOKEN, in four Hnes. Copper. Size 
 28 m. R 2. 
 
 I cannot tell by whom or when this piece was issued, but am under the impression 
 that it emanated from Montreal about the year 1830. 
 
 XXVIII. Obv. SPEED THE PLOUGH HALF PENNY TOKEN A man plough- 
 ing with two oxen tandem to the left. 
 
 Rev. NO LAPOUR NO BREAD A man to the right threshing grain with a 
 flail. Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 The design of this piece is no doubt intended to represent agricultural interests, 
 and it gives us an idea of old times in Canada, for up to twenty years ago the flail was 
 the only means employed by the French Canadians in separating the grain from the 
 straw. 
 
 XXIX. Obv. As last ; the plough larger. 
 
 Rev. As last ; the top of the flail farther from the edge of the coin. 
 Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 These two pieces are undoubtedly Canadian, but by whom issued I have not been 
 able to learn. They appeared about 1837, and for a time were frequently met with in 
 circulation. 
 
 XXX. Obv. . CANADA . 1830. 
 
 Rev. HALF I PENNY in two lines across the field. Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 This coin was issued by a hardware firm doing business in Montreal, under the 
 style of Duncan & Co. A number of these also were put into circulation in Prince 
 Edward Island, by a brother of Mr. Duncan, who is still alive and a member of the 
 Dominion Senate, representing the Island province. 
 
 XXXI. Obv. ' CANADA -1841 
 
 Rev. As last. Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 It Seems strange that two coins, issued eleven years apart, should bear the same 
 design, but coming from a hardware firm, the order, when the old lot run out, was seem- 
 ingly duplicated without alteration or improvement. 
 
10 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 .1 . 
 
 XXXII. Obv. Nine playing cards overlapping each other, the ace of 
 hearts in the centre, surrounded by a serrated circle. 
 
 Rev. Nine cards as on obverse, king of hearts in centre. Copper. Size 
 30 m. R 2. 
 
 I place this coin here on the authority of Sir G. Duncan Gibb. In an article in 
 the Canadian Antiqitarian, Vol. Ill, page 67, he states : — " Several hundred weight of 
 copper tokens, that contained nine ordinary playing cards spread out, both on obverse 
 and reverse, were struck in England for a Montreal firm alone, who employed a large 
 number of workmen. There is no name nor date on the coin, and therefore its nation- 
 ality was unsuspected ; nevertheless it is a true Canadian token." 
 
 XXXIII. Obv. LAUZON 1821. A primitive steamer to the left. 
 
 Rev. BON POUR HUiT SOLS. In the field, four | pence | token in three 
 lines. Lead. Size 27 m. R 6. 
 
 The St. Lawrence, among other claims, puts in a rival one to that of the Hudson, 
 iis having in America early encouraged the use of steam in propelling boats over its 
 waters. The above token is a ticket used in coming from Quebec to Point Levis in one 
 of those early steamboats. The history of this token is given on page 42, Vol. Ill, of 
 the Canadian Antiquarian. 
 
 XXXIV. Obv, personne Two sprigs of laurel tied with a ribbon. 
 
 Obv. DE lisle I DE MONTREAL | A REPENTIGUY | ON | LACHESNAYE in five 
 
 lines. Copper. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 This, with the following eleven, form what are termed the " Bout de I'lsle tokens." 
 In all they have only four obverse, and three reverse dies. They were intended as 
 passes across two bridges connecting the Island of Montreal with the main land. These 
 bridges were erected by Mr. Porteous in 180S, and were carried away during the break- 
 ing up of the ice two years afterwards. 
 
 The word Perscnne indicates that those bearing this obverse were intended for foot 
 passengers. No price is given on these pieces, and we have not been able to learn what 
 the charges were. 
 
 XXXV. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. DE REPENTIGUY | A ] l'iSLE DE | M0NTR]&AL | ON LACHESNAYE. Cop- 
 per. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 XXXVI. Obv. Same as XXXIV. 
 
 Rev. DE LACHESNAYE | A | l'iSLE DE | MONTREAL | ON REPENTIGUY. Cop- 
 per. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 Lachenaie, as the name is now more phonetically spelled, is at present a place of 
 no importance. There is now only a rude landing, where steamers receive about one 
 passenger a week, and half a dozen houses, to mark the spot where this now famous 
 bridge afforded hundreds the opportunity of a weekly pilgrimage to the city markets. 
 
 XXXVII. Obv. CHEVAL across the field. An ornamental scroll above 
 and below. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXIV. Copper. Size 29. R 4. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 II 
 
 oil above 
 
 I cannot conceive how a separate ticket was struck for horses, for riding was not 
 much indulged in by the Canadian peasantry. Probably they were brought into use 
 occasionally when horses were driven to Montreal for sale. 
 
 XXXVIII. Olw. Same as last. 
 Rev. Same as XXXV. 
 
 I should judge that these tickets could be used indiscriminately for crossing either 
 bridge in any direction, the different reverses being intended to check the issuers, other- 
 wise I cannot imagine why the names of the two villages occur on each token. The 
 connecting word on seems to be intended for ou, meaning or. " From Repentiguy or 
 Lachesnaye to the Island of Montreal." 
 
 XXXIX. Olw. Same as XXXVII. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXVI. Copper. Size 29 m. R 5. 
 
 Every specimen with this reverse that has come within my observation has an arc 
 clipped from it, intended no doubt to aid in sorting the tickets at the close of the day's 
 transactions. 
 
 XL. ObiK CHARRETTE acfoss the field ; above, two branches of laurel 
 crossed. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXIV. Copper. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 Charette. — The old French Canadian conveyance used for every conceivable work, 
 carrying them to the parish church on Sunday, or on market day to the city with such 
 products of the soil as were available, while on ordinary days it performed the usual 
 routine of farm work. 
 
 XLI. Obv. Same as last. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXV. Copper. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 Repentiguy is a small village opposite the lower end of the Island of Montreal. 
 Although so early coming into notice, being one of the two first places numismatically 
 mentioned in Canada, it still retains its primitive simplicity, unrelieved by modern civili- 
 ization save by the hum of the busy saw mill. Why there should be two bridges so near 
 each other, has often puzzled me, but the I'Assumption river, running between the two 
 places, may have rendered another necessary. 
 
 XLII. Obv. Same as XL. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXVI. Copper. Size 29. R 5. 
 
 These coins, if they serve no other purpose, will retain for a long time with us the 
 memory of the fast disappearing Charette, and the now almost extinct Calhhe. Of a 
 severe shaking in the former, over some rough Lower Canadian country road, or of a 
 rocking on the leather stretchers of the latter, up Mountain Hill in Quebec, some of us 
 may lor a time retain vivid recollections, but such reminiscences will in time fade, and 
 only the names remain. 
 
 XLI 1 1. Obv. CALECHE across the field ; above and below a rose with 
 itwo sprigs of rose leaves crossed. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXIV. Copper. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 For a long while I was puzzled to know why one reverse was not sufficient, but 
 have now come to the conclusion that they were intended to check the receipts at the 
 
II 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 .11 
 
 different ends of the bridges ; in that case we should suppose that there would have 
 been four varieties, one for each of the island ends of the bridges ; but I suppose only 
 one person was employed at the Montreal side of the stream, necessitating only one 
 token for the two. 
 
 XLIV. Obv. Same as last. 
 
 Rev, Same as XXXV. Copper. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 That a separate token was issued for a Calkhe, seems strange, it being like the 
 Ckarette, a one horse and two wheeled vehicle, for at the present day the higher tolls are 
 charged by the number of wheels or horses. But in those days a four wheeled carriage 
 was unknown, and even at the present day a double team is hardly used by the French 
 Canadians. The Calkhe, being only owned by the wealthy, they could afford to pay 
 more, and therefore the separate ticket. 
 
 XLV. Oh. Same as XLIII. 
 
 Rev. Same as XXXVI. Copper. Size 29 m. R 4. 
 
 Why Mr. Sandham should have placed these coins, with one or two others, in a 
 group which he calls miscellaneous, when they have direct reference to the Province of 
 Quebec, I cannot understand. Probably it was because they were intended as tickets 
 rather than coins. 
 
 XLVI. Obv. MONTREAL & LACHINE RAILROAD COMPANY. An old-Stylc 
 
 locomotive to the left. 
 
 Rev. THIRD CLASS. A beaver to the left, beside a stream, gnawing a 
 branch of a tree ; behind it is shrubbery and a tree broken off short, with two 
 branches remaining. Copper. Size 35 m. R 2. 
 
 These tokens had a hole in the centre, by which they were strung on wires when 
 taken up by the conductors. They proved inconvenient, and were soon discarded, after 
 having been used less than a year. 
 
 XLVII. Obv. Two spades crossed. Below, an anvil with hammer and 
 tongs. On the right is a vise, and on the left a scythe. 
 
 Rev. T. S. BROWN & C° I IMPORTERS | OF | HARDWARES | MONTREAL in five 
 
 lines. The s in importers is under the o in co. Copper. Size 38 m. R i. 
 
 This token was issued in 1832 or 1833, as a substitute for change. It not only 
 proved useful, but became a source of profit to the importer. It also coined a name for 
 Mr. Brown, by which he has been familiarly known ever since, — " Copper Tommy." He 
 took part in the rebellion of 1837, commanding the rebels at the battle of St. Charles. 
 Believing in discretion, even before the first shot was fired he sought safety, and still 
 lives to fight, although now almost blind, those battles in which the pen is the more 
 congenial weapon. 
 
 XLVI 1 1. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, except that the s is under the c in co. Copper. Size 
 28 m. R I. ' . 
 
 The reverse die seems to have given out, and another had to be engraved to com- 
 plete the order, as this piece shows a slight crack. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 '3 
 
 XLIX. Obv. A scythe and spade crossed over an iron tea-kettle. Be- 
 low, a knife and fork crossed ; on the right a hand-saw, and on the left a vise. 
 
 Rev. J. SHAW & C" I IMPORTKRS | OF | HARDWARES | UPPER TOWN | QUEBEC 
 
 in six lines. Copper. Size 28 m. R 2. 
 
 Mr. Shaw was engaged in a very successful hardv re business in Quebec, and 
 wishing to advertise in the least expensive and most !asu;i,aj way, in 1837 imported a 
 number of coppers. They have indeed proved lasting, for at th > present day a specimen 
 is occasionally met with in circulation. 
 
 L. ObiK A ship under full sail to the right. 
 
 Rev. R. w. OWEN I MONTREAL | ROPERY in three lines, within a circle of 
 twisted ropes. Copper. Size 27 m. R 6. 
 
 Owen's ropewalk was situated in the eastern part of the city, and up to the year 
 1840, when it was burned, was in successful operation. When and how many of these 
 tokens were issued we can find no record. They are now very scarce, and most of the 
 known specimens are in poor condition. 
 
 LI. Obv. nt & w." MOLSON Montreal. Within a circle a cask ; above, 
 BREWERS ; below DISTILLERS . . &. & &. . ; to the left, UN ; to the right, sou." 
 
 Rev. n CASH PAID FOR ALL SORTS OF GRAIN * 1 837. Within a circle, 
 distilling apparatus, consisting of still, vat, cask, &c. Copper. Size 29 m. R 3. 
 
 I have also in my collection a specimen in silver, size 30, and another in copper, 
 size 31, all struck from the same die. The Molsons in those days were the most enter- 
 prising firm in Montreal ; the founder of the house owned a line of steamers running 
 between Montreal and Quebec, almost as soon as steam navigation was invented. 
 
 LI I. Obv. COMMERCE TOKEN A ship Under full sail to the right. 
 
 Rro. FRANCIS MULLINS & SON | IMPORTERS | OF j SHIP CHANDLERY | &c. | 
 
 MONTREAL, in six lines. Copper. Size 27. R i. 
 
 This coin represents a firm that was not consummated. The dies were ordered 
 under the anticipation that the son would be admitted as a partner, but some hitch 
 prevented. To me this coin is one of the least attractive of the Canadian series. It 
 also occurs in brass. 
 
 LIII. Obv. R. SHARPLEY. JEWELLER & WATCHMAKER. MONTREAL. Head 
 
 of Victoria to the left. 
 
 Rev. IMPORTERS I OF j SILVER-WARE | CLOCKS | GASELIERS | BRONZES | CABI- 
 NET-WARE I GLASS-WARE | &.c &c. &c. in nine lines. Brass. Size 20 m. R 3. 
 
 This token was intended as a card marker. The size, if nothing else, would pre- 
 vent its ever entering into circulation. The firm here advertised are still doing business 
 in the same line. 
 
 LIV. Obv. MAisoN JACQUES CARTiER EX sT ROCH QUEBEC A beaver to 
 the right with a leaf or iwig in his mouth. 
 
 Rev. UN CENTIN ^AYABLE | CHEZ | H. GAGNON & CIE | RUE LA COURONNE | 
 
 s^ ROCH I QUEBEC inscription in six lines, occupying the whole field. Copper. 
 Size 27 m. R i. 
 
14 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 'f 
 
 ! I 
 
 The dies of this coin were engraved in New York, and to prevent such customs 
 interruption as interfered with the issue of the Devins & Bolton toicen, were sent on, 
 oddly enough, not to Quebec, but to St. Epiphanie, a small village about a hundred and 
 fifty miles down the river. The coins were struck there by a tinsmith named Garnet. 
 Messrs. H. Gagnon & Co. do an extensive retail dry goods business, and issue these 
 tokens to their customers as an inducement for them to return. There are rumors that 
 the government intend interfering with their further issue. Having been struck as late 
 as November, 1879, we may class this coin as our newest Canadian numismatic treasure. 
 
 LV. Obv. DOMINION OF CANADA I'ROVINCE OF QUEBEC Laureateci head 
 of Victoria to the left within a beaded circle. 
 
 Rev. DEVINS & BOLTON. DRUGGISTS MONTREAL. Within a beaded circle, 
 
 USE I DEVINS' I VEGETABLE | -WORM- | PASTILLES | JULY I- | 1 867 in SeVCn lines. 
 
 Copper. Size 30 m. R 2. 
 
 This is the first coin issued under the Confederation, in fact bearing the date when 
 it was completed. Unfortunately the shipment was seized for infraction of the new 
 currency law, or we would have found abundance of these in circulation. Still, enough 
 of them leaked out to supply the demands of collectors. 
 
 LVI. Obv. LYMBURNER &, BROTHER | GOLD | AND | SILVER PLATERS | 663] 
 CRAIG, STREET | MONTREAL In SCVCn llnes. 
 
 Rev. LYMBURNER & FRERE MONTREAL DOREURS ET ARGENTEURS. RUE 
 
 CRAIG inscription In two circles. 663 in centre, radiated. Copper. Size 26 m. 
 R 2. 
 
 There are also impressions in tin. This coin was issued by the same firm which 
 struck the Pilgrimage medals to Ste. Anne de Beaupre. , 
 
 LVII. Obv. COMMERCE BAs CANADA Two maple leaves crossed. 
 
 Rev. j" ROY MONTREAL. UN SOU wIthIn a wreath. Copper. Size 28 m. R 3. 
 
 This coin, although not rare, is seldom found in good condition. The relief is low, 
 and as it is of Canadian manufacture, care does not seem to have been taken to have it 
 struck up well. 
 
 LVIII. Obv, T. DUSEAMAN BUTCHFiR » BELLEVILLE An eagle surrounded 
 by thirteen stars. An anchor on an oval shield In front. » 
 
 Rev. AGRICULTURE & COMMERCE BAS-CANADA. A bouquet consisting of 
 rose, thistle, ears of wheat, &c. Copper. Size 28 m. R 2. 
 
 This token has been the subject of considerable discussion, as to whether it per- 
 tains to the United States or Canada. The reverse is undoubtedly Canadian, and the 
 obverse leans nearly as strongly to the other side of the line. It has been claimed as a 
 mule piece, but the obverse never occurs with any other reverse. And it is by no means 
 scarce, having been frequently found in circulation, so that it has not been struck as a 
 rare variety to sell to omnivorous collectors. 
 
 To mix up matters, we find a coin with a bouquet similar to last, and the inscription 
 T. D. SEAMAN, BUTCHER, BELLEVILLE. The obversc has a cow to the right and the 
 inscription A friend to the constitution. There is still another piece having the 
 same obverse as the above, with a ship and the inscription agriculture and com- 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 »5 
 
 MKRCE, which inscription is found on all the Canadian «« sou tokens. This has been 
 explained thus: — There is a Belleville in New Jersey, where a large copper smelting 
 furnace was in operation, and where a number of the dies of the un sou were prepared, 
 and that Duseaman, or D. Seaman, adopted one of the di.scarded dies as the obverse of his 
 token. The coin shows that both dies were badly cracked. In issuing a new token he 
 retained the old device of the bouquet, thus confirming this theory. 
 
 Before describing the Un Sou tokens, it may be well to explain how 
 thty are to be arranged. To me they form the most interesting series of 
 coins issued in Canada, for there is still much of mystery surrounding them. 
 The questions : who were the coiners? where were they minted.'* who the 
 issuers? and what the number of varieties? remain to a certain extent 
 unanswered. 
 
 As all have the same design, and the variations are often slight, the 
 series is a difficult one to arrange and properly describe. Ht will be necessary 
 to give much minute detail, so as to point out the differences to the collector 
 wishing to know the vacancies in his cabinet. The frequent interchange of 
 dies has made the matter still more complicated. It will be seen that some 
 classification of the forty or more known varieties is necessary. The simplest 
 mode of grouping them is by the variations on the reverse. I shall therefore 
 divide the series into nine groups, (numbered from A to I,) determined mainly 
 by the number of leaves in the wreath. 
 
 Group A. "3 penny " reverse. 
 
 LIX. Obv. » TRADE & AGRICULTURE * LOWER CANADA A bouquct con- 
 sisting of a rose and thistle on either side, three wheat- heads at the top, two 
 of which incline to the left. The centre of the bouquet is made up of blades 
 of wheat, ro.se leaves and buds. 
 
 Rev. BANK TOKEN MONTREAL A Wreath consisting of laurel leaves to 
 left, and long slender leaves to right. Within the wreath a | pennv. Copper. 
 Size 27 m. R 6, 
 
 Although this token may not be properly described as one of the Un Sous, yet 
 having the bouquet and wreath in common with them, I class it as one of the series as 
 Group A. As not more than two or three are known, and these have long been in the 
 hands of collectors, no issue could have gone into general circulation. The similarity of 
 the lettering and close resemblance of some of the leaves in the bouquet to the 
 " Rebellion token," described as CII, points to J. Arnault as the engraver of this coin. 
 Sandham figures it on Plate VI, No. 5. 
 
 Group B. Sixteen leaves in wreath. 
 
 LX. Obv. + AGRICULTURES COMMERCE* BAS . CANADA. A bouquCt tied 
 
 with bow to left and one ribbon to right. The bouquet consists of four sham- 
 rocks, two thistles, one rose leaf, one ear of wheat, and one wheat blade to 
 
^ i6 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 the left. One shamrock, five rose leaves,* one bud, one rose, one ear, and 
 two blades to the right. 
 
 Rev. lOKKN MONTKKAL. A Wreath of sixteen laurel leaves, eight on 
 either side ; in most of the spaces between the leaves are berries. The 
 wreath is tied at the bottom with a bow. on either side of which is a berry 
 extendinji above the bow. Within the wreath UN | sou. Copper and brass. 
 27 m. C.f 
 
 In Sandham's work this token appears to be catalogued three times, (Nos. 41, 
 55 and 56.) After having compared a great number of specimens, and looked over such 
 collections as have been open to my inspection, I have only been able to find one variety. 
 The style differs from those that follow, and the relief is not so high. It is also found 
 struck over coins that at one time formed the bulk of our Canadian circulation. I have 
 specimens struck over pieces described by Sandham as Nos. 8, 23, and 26, " Doubtful." 
 This would indicate that the coin was struck in Montreal. The edges of many speci- 
 mens are coarsely milled, but as the milling seems to pertain to those struck over older 
 coins, and is wanting on such as are struck from fresh blanks, this coin cannot be 
 described as milled. 
 
 LXl. Obv. + AGRU'Ui/iURK & COMMERCE + H.^s-CANAFM. Bouquet as in 
 last, with small angular bow to left and two ends of ribbon to right. To the 
 left two oak leaves, one shamrock, two thistles, two blades, and one ear. To 
 the right three shamrocks, four rose leaves, two buds, one of which is above 
 the rose, one rose, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Similar in design to last, but the bow is more angular, and the 
 berries on either side of the bow are lower. The leaves to the left of the 
 wreath are more spread. Copper. Size 27 m. R 6. 
 
 I have marked this coin as of the highest degree of rarity. The only specimen 
 known to me is the one in my own collection, although through the similarity it has to 
 a number of the commoner varieties, specimens may have been overlooked in hunting 
 up a set. 
 
 LXII. Obv. Similar to last. The bouquet has to the left two oak leaves, 
 two thistles, three blades, one shamrock, and one ear. To the right two sham- 
 rocks, four rose leaves, one oak leaf, one rose, one ear, and one blade. 
 
 Rev. Same as last. Copper. Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 This piece in the design of the bouquet closely resembles the last, but one of the 
 shamrocks is between the rose and ear, and the ends of the ribbon overlap so as to 
 appear almost as one. 
 
 LXlll. Obv. Similar to LXI. The ends of the ribbon are more curved. 
 The bouquet has to the left two oak leaves, two thistles, three blades, one 
 shamrock, and one ear. To the right three shamrocks, four rose leaves, one 
 oak leaf, one rose, one blade, and one ear. 
 
 * When a leaf or ear of whe.it is so near the centre as \ The letter C indicates that the piece, to the descrip- 
 to incline neither lo the right nor to the left, I describe it tion of which it is attached, is quite common, command- 
 as being to the right. ing in ordinary condition little above par value. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 >7 
 
 Rev. Same as LXI. Copper. Size 27 m. R 4. 
 
 The leaves described here as portaininp to the oak, Sandham designates as those 
 of the thistle. The engraver of these dies cannot have been a student of nature, or 
 there had been no disagreement regarding the identity of plants so different. Still, 
 the width of these leaves in proportion to their length, and the absence of spines, has 
 caused me to give the preference to the oak. 
 
 LXIV. Obv. Same as LXIII. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXI. The leaves lie closer to the stem. There is a 
 berry to the right of the bow, but none to the left. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 There is a dot just over the o in Sou in this coin, and it appears with few 
 exceptions throughout the series. As this dot is exactly in the centre, it may have been 
 placed there by the engraver as a guide in arranging the distances of the leaves in the 
 wreath. 
 
 LXV. Ohv. As LX. To the left three shamrocks, three maple leaves, 
 three blades, two thistles, and one ear. To the right four shamrocks, one 
 maple leaf, four rose leaves, one rose, one ear, and two blades. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 . Sandham, doubtful as to the engraver's botanical accomplishments, was at a loss 
 how to class what I have described as maple leaves. But, as the maple is a recognized 
 Canadian emblem, and especially so of Lower Canada, there cannot be any doubt 
 that it is what was intended to be represented in our emblematic bouquet. 
 
 LXVL Obv. .AGRICULTURES COMMERCE. BAS-CANADA. BoW tO the right 
 
 of the bouquet, two ends of ribbon to the left. To the left one maple leaf, 
 two shamrocks, two thistles, three blades, and two ears. To the right seven 
 rose leaves, one rose, three blades, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as LXIV. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 There is a crack across the top of the bouquet. A number of varieties of the 
 Un Sou tokens were issued by an exchange broker named Dexter Chapin ; but which 
 varieties, or how many, it is now impossible to learn. He furnished, for a number of 
 years, sufficient copper change to supply all comers. The amount he thus pushed into 
 circulation is variously estimated at from ten to twenty thousand dollars, netting Mr. 
 Chapin a handsome profit. 
 
 LXVII. Obv. Similar to LXI. No bow ; the ends of the ribbon extend 
 to either side of the bouquet. To the left two oak leaves, two thistles, two 
 blades, and one ear. To the right three shamrocks, four rose leaves, one 
 bud, one rose, one ear, and two blades. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXI, but the bow is higher and has no berry to the 
 right. The berry to the left is lower. Copper. Size 27 m. R 4. 
 
 The bouquet figured on this obverse is identical with that appearing on the 
 " Duseman " token, and although the crack is wanting and the surface of the coin much 
 smoother, there is little doubt that both pieces were struck from the same die. This 
 
18 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 is the first combination with which this obverse was struck ; it also appears with two 
 others, but in a less perfect condition, and when they were woi'n out, it was still 
 sufficiently legible for a fresh coinage in combination with the Duseman die. The 
 surface was then worn and corroded, the old crack had widened and deepened, and a 
 new crack had appeared, confirming the belief that the " Dusemans " were struck from 
 discarded dies, the obverse having no doubt been rejected by Mr. Seaman on account of 
 the incorrectness in spelling. 
 
 LXVIII. OhK Same as LXIl. 
 
 Re%>. Same as last. Copper. Size 27 m. R 1. 
 
 A mule piece, as both dies occur with other combinations. In the whole forty-four 
 varieties there are only twenty-eight different obverses and twenty-six reverses, inclin- 
 ing one to the belief that as one die oecame useless a new one was engraved, the coiner 
 ordering a new obverse or reverse as necessity required. 
 
 Group C. Seventeen leaves in wreath. 
 
 LXIX. Obv. Same as LXVI. 
 
 Rev. TOKEN MONTREAL Wreath of seventeen leaves, nine of which are 
 to the left and eight to the right. The wreath has no bow, and enclosed is 
 the inscription, un | sou. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2; 
 
 The reverse is iiot deeply engraved, and although showing less signs of giving out 
 than the obverse, never occurs with any other. The crack across the bouquet is more 
 extended, showing that it was struck with this reverse later than with LXVI. 
 
 LXX. Obv. Similar to LXI. Bow to the right, two ends of the ribbon 
 to the left. Bouquet has to the left two shamrocks, two oak leaves, two 
 thistles, one bud. two blades, and one ear; To the right four shamrocks, four 
 rose leaves, one oak leaf, one bud, one rose, one ear, and two blades. 
 
 Rev. As last, but the wreath is tied with a bow, and the eight leaves are 
 to the left, with nine to the right. Copper. Size 28 m. R i. 
 
 This piece differs from the rest as to size, while the planchet is thinner and the 
 relief somewhat lower. The finish also is hardly equal to those previously described, 
 showing that it was issued from a different establishment from the bulk of the series. 
 Sandham has described as No. 38 a Sou of this group, which much research on my 
 part has failed to bring to my knowledge. 
 
 Group D. Wreath of eighteen leaves without bow. 
 
 LXXI. Obv. Same as LXVII. 
 
 Rev. TOKEN MONTREAL Wreath of eighteen leaves without a bow, nine 
 on either side. The two bottom leaves extend upward and are near each 
 other ; within the wreath un | sou. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 This Un Sou is related like LXVII to the Duseman. Although coined later, the 
 crack had not made its appearance when the specimen under description was struck. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 '9 
 
 ives are 
 
 LXXII. O^^z;. Same as LXVII. 
 
 Rev. Similar to last. The differences are very slight ; the leaves at the 
 top of the wreath approach nearer each other, and there is a berry directly 
 over the n in Montreal. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 The difference between this and the token previously described is so slight, that it 
 requires a careful inspection to note the points in which they vary. It is also a relative 
 of the Duseman, more intimate perhaps, because the crack has made its appearance, 
 but not so deep. 
 
 LXXIII. Ohv. Same as LXV. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXXI, but the leaves at the top of the wreath are 
 closer ; the others are more spread and better formed. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 A coin struck at a later time than LXV, for the obverse shows signs of wear. I 
 would infer, from this and other similar instances, that most of the sixteen-leaved group 
 appeared earlier than the eighteen-leaved varieties. 
 
 LXXIV. Obv. : AGRICULTURE & COMMERCE : BAS — CANADA The bouquet 
 has a bow to the riofht, and two ends of ribbon to the left. There are to the 
 left two shamrocks, four maple leaves, two thistles, two blades, and one ear. 
 To the right three shamrocks, three rose leaves, six blades, one rose, and one 
 ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as last. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 This variety, with the last, is rather plentiful. Va^rieties bearing these two obverses 
 are by far the most common of the series. 
 
 LXXV. Obv. • AGRICULTURE & COMMERCE . BAS' CANADA Bouquet with- 
 out bow or ends to tie. To the left twelve leaves, two buds, and two flowers. 
 To the right eleven leaves, two flowers, and two thistles. Some of the leaves 
 are not well struck up, and appear indistinct. 
 
 Rev. As LXXI, but the two upright leaves at the bottom of the wreath 
 are much farther apart. Copper. Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 The dies of fhis coin were found in August, 1863, in the cellar of a building 
 tenanted by Dr. Piccault, a druggist. His son, having some taste for numismatics, 
 saved them from the fate of old iron, and presented them to the collection of the Mont- 
 real Numismatic Society, then newly organized, and they were the first treasure of any 
 importance that came into its possession. At the time of the discovery of the dies two 
 or three impressions were struck off in lead, and at a later time a number ot specimens 
 in copper. As none but restrikes have ever come under my notice, and because the 
 dies are still almost as sharp as from the hands of the engraver, it may safely be asserted 
 that no specimens were struck for general circulation. Corroborative of this opinion is 
 the fact that the dies have never been turned down so as to admit of a collar. This 
 renders it difficult, almost impossible, to obtain a perfect impression. The design and 
 composition of the bouquet is entirely different from all others of the series. It is 
 likely, especially as the dies were discovered here, that they are the work of some now 
 forgotten Montreal engraver. 
 
 1' 
 
30 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 LXXVI. Obv. + AGRICULTURE & COMMERCE + BAS CANADA BouqUCt 
 
 with bow to left and one end of ribbon to right. To the left three shamrocks, 
 one maple leaf, two thistles, three smaller leaves, one ear, and one blade. To 
 the right four shamrocks, four rose leaves, one maple leaf, one smaller leaf, 
 one rose, one ear, and one blade. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXXI ; leaves more pointed in shape. Copper. Size 
 27 m. R 6. 
 
 Only two specimens of this token have come under my notice, and both of these 
 were sold at auction in New York. The rarity, and the proof condition of the known 
 specimens, lead to the belief that none were issued for general circulation. 
 
 Group E. Wreath of eighteen leaves with bow: 
 
 LXXVII. Obv. Similar to LXIV. Bow to the right, with ends of 
 ribbon to the right and left. Bouquet has to the left two maple leaves, two 
 thistles, two blades, and one ear. To the right four rose leaves, one rose, one 
 blade, and two ears. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXXI, but with a bow, at either side of which is a berry. 
 The right hand angle of the bow is more acute and points upwards. Copper. 
 Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Neither obverse nor reverse of this coin reappear under other combinations. The 
 bouquet shows less botanical variety ; the rose, thistle, maple, and wheat, alone being 
 represented, while the shamrock of Ireland and other accessories are omitted. 
 
 LXXVIII. Obv. Same as LXV. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last, but the bow is smaller and forms an equilateral 
 triangle. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 This obverse, which recurs here for the third time, represents the three commonest 
 varieties of the Un Sou tokens. The die, showing less evidence of wear, indicates that 
 LXXIII must have been struck at a later time than the one under description. 
 
 LXXIX. Obv. Same as LXXIV. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Another common obverse, twice repeated. The design resembles the last, and it 
 requires care in separating it. 
 
 LXXX. Obv. Similar to LXXIV. The bouquet has to the left two 
 shamrocks, four maple leaves, two thistles, three blades, and one ear. To the 
 right three shamrocks, four rose leaves, one rose, one ear, and one blade. 
 
 Rev. Same as LXXVIII. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 This very closely resembles the last. So closely is the design followed, that it is 
 only by examining the detail that the difference can be noted. It is the only combina- 
 tion with this obverse. 
 
 LXXXl. Obv. Same as LXVI. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 If 
 
 Rev. Same as LXXVIII. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 This reverse has been used here with its fourth obverse. It ts by far the most 
 common, as the three former varieties form the bulk of the Un Sou tokens that for a long 
 time made up no small part of our copper circulation. 
 
 LXXXII. Oh. Same as LXVI. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXXVII, but the bow is much smaller and without the 
 •accompanying berries. The leaves on either side of it point almost straight 
 upward, approaching close to the word " sou." Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 We have thus four coins bearing this obverse, and as this is the only variety in 
 which the crack is wanting, it may be considered the original. Those with different 
 reverses form mules with other obverses. It is a connecting link in its numerous cross 
 relationships with most of those previously described, showing that with the exception 
 of LIX, LX, LXX. LXXV, LXXVI, and LXXVII, all these tokens have been issued 
 from the .sanie " Mint," and through the relationship of the Duseman token, we may 
 safely locate that Mint at Belleville, N. J. 
 
 LXXXIII. Obv. Similar to LXVII. To the left two shamrocks, two 
 maple leaves, two thistles, one blade, and one ear. To the right six rose 
 leaves, one rose, three blades, and two ears. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXXVII, but without the berries on either side of the 
 bow. The bow is smaller. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 The relationship among so many of those previously described does not extend to 
 this and those that follow. They form themselves into one or two family groups, indi- 
 cating no doubt different places of mintage. 
 
 LXXXIV. Obv. AGRICULTURE & COMMERCE BAS CANADA. The bouquet 
 is entirely different, and the leaves are heavier. Bow to the left, one end of 
 the ribbon to the right. To the left three shamrocks, five rose leaves, one 
 rose, three blades and one ear. To the right two thistle leaves, two thistles, 
 one maple leaf, three blades, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size ?"] m. R 3. 
 
 Where there is a difference in the punctuation I repeat the inscription, as that 
 seems the best way to describe such differences. 
 
 LXXXV. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Similar to LXXXIII. The right hand angle of the bow is not so 
 pointed, and the right side is somewhat curved. The leaves also are closer to 
 the stem. Copper. Size 27. R 2. 
 
 The design appearing on the obverse of these two pieces is altogether different 
 from those of the preceding, and is the same as that belonging to one of the Banque du 
 Peuple tokens. 
 
 LXXXVI. Obv. Similar to LXI. Bow to the right, two ends of ribbon 
 to the left. The bouquet has to the left one shamrock, two maple leaves, two 
 
33 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 thistles, three blades, one* rose leaf, and two ears. To the right one shamrock, 
 three rose leaves, one rose, one blade, and one ear. 
 Rev. Same as the last. 
 
 Sometimes rudimentary wheat blades appear within the bouquet, but they are so 
 small as to escape observation except in uncirculated specimens. For instance, if all 
 the blades appearing in this specimen were enumerated, the number to the left would 
 be five instead of three. Two smaller ones appear indistinctly in the centre of the 
 bouquet. 
 
 LXXXVII. Obv. Similar to LXl. Bow to the right, two ends of rib- 
 bon to the left. The bouquet has to the left three maple leaves, two thistles, 
 three blades, and one ear. To the right two shamrocks, four rose leaves, one 
 rose, two blades, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as LXXXV. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 This reverse recurs with four different obverses, three of which do not appear in 
 any other combination. As it shows no signs of wear in any cf the varieties, the issue 
 from these dies could not have been very extensive. 
 
 LXXXVIII. Obv, Similar to LXI. The ends of the ribbon extend to 
 the right and left. The bouquet has to the left two thistle leaves, two thistles, 
 three blades, one shamrock, and one ear. To the right five rose leaves, five 
 blades, one rose, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as LXXXV. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 The leaves here rendered thistle leaves do not differ materially from those pre- 
 viously described as oak leaves ; but the points of the leaves have so much the appear- 
 ance of spines that thistle leaves seem to be more probably intended. 
 
 Group F. With hventy leaves in wreath. 
 
 LXXXIX. Obv. Similar to LXI. Bow to left, two ends of the ribbon 
 to the right. The bouquet has to the left two thistle leaves, two thistles, one 
 maple leaf, one blade, and one ear. To the right two shamrocks, five rose 
 leaves, one rose, one blade, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. TOKEN MONTREAL Wreath of twenty leaves, an equal number on 
 either side. T'^e wreath is tied with a small triangular bow, and within the 
 wreath UN sou Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 A common variety, not easily distinguished at first glance from some members of 
 the eighteen-leaved group. 
 
 XC. Obv. Similar to LXI. The ends of the ribbon extend to the right 
 and left. The bouquet has to the left two thistle leaves, two thistles, four 
 blades, one shamrock, and one ear. To the right six rose leaves, one rose, 
 one shamrock, three blades, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last, but the bow is much larger and heavier. Copper. 
 Size 27 m. R I. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 23 
 
 There are only two varieties of the twenty-leaved reverses, and each of these have 
 distinct obverses, which obverses, while closely resembling some of those of the 
 eighteen-leaved group, form no crosses with other reverses, indicating that they are the 
 work of a different artist. 
 
 Group G. With thirty-two leaves in wreath. 
 
 XCI. Obv. Similar to LXI, the ends of the ribbon extendine to either 
 side of the bouquet. To the left tv^ro thistle leaves, two rose leaves, two 
 thistles, four blades, and one ear. To the right five rose leaves, one rose, two 
 blades, one shamrock, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. TOKEN MONTREAL Wreath of thirty-two leaves tied with a large, 
 heavy bow. The leaves are much narrower and are equally divided as to 
 sides. Within the wreath un sou Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 This son differs considerably from all varieties heretofore described. The art dis- 
 played thereon is of a higher order and the delineation more delicate, showing that it 
 and those that follow are from the hands of a different coiner. The style would indicate 
 Birmingham as the place of mintage. \ 
 
 XCII. Obv. Similar to LXI. Ribbon to the right and left ; the bouque- 
 has to the left two shamrocks, two thistle leaves, one thistle, one blade, and 
 one ear. To the right three rose leaves, one rose, one blade, one bud. and 
 two ears. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 There is no doubt as to the term thistle leaves in this case being the proper one, 
 for they are much longer than the last, and the thistle larger. 
 
 XCIII. Obv. Similar to LXI. The ends of the ribbon extend to either 
 side of the bouquet. To the left three shamrocks, one thistle leaf, one thistle, 
 three blades, and one ear. To the right six rose leaves, one rose, one blade, 
 and two ears. 
 
 Rev. Same as XCI. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 There is a small semicircular crack touching the highest ear in the bouquet. This 
 reverse forms, like that of LXXXV, a group of four ; three of which are peculiar to 
 itself, and the fourth connecting it with the Bank of Montreal issue. 
 
 XCIV. Obv. TRADE & AGRICULTURE LOWER CANADA. The ends of the 
 ribbon are somewhat curved to the right and left ; the bow to the left. The 
 bouquet has to the left two shamrocks, five rose leaves, two buds, one rose, 
 one oak leaf, (?) one thistle, and two ears. To the right two shamrocks, seven 
 rose leaves, one maple leaf, one rose, two buds, one thistle, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as XCI. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 I have some doubts as to the proper definition of what I have classed as an oak 
 leaf. As it is too long for the maple, I know of no other term than oak that will suit. 
 There is another leaf likely to puzzle collectors, a rose leaf just under the ear to the 
 
34 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 m 
 11 
 
 I II 
 
 right ; it is shown almost in profile, and when the coin is slightly rubbed seems to form 
 part of the ear. This obverse is the same as that appearing on the Bank of Montreal 
 " Un Sous" tokens. 
 
 Group H. More than thirty leaves in wreath, 
 
 XCV. Ok}. Same as XCIII. 
 
 Rev. Similar to XCI, but with the smaller bow and forty leaves in wreath, 
 eighteen of which are to the left and twenty-two to the right. Copper. Size 
 27 m. R 2. 
 
 The crack appears in this piece also, but not so deep as in XCIII. These cracks, 
 although in a number of instances disfiguring the coins, serve to point out their relative 
 date. In this instance, the one under description is undoubtedly the earlier. 
 
 XCyi. Obv. Similar to LXI. The ends of the ribbon extend some 
 distance to the right and left of the bouquet, almost touching the inscription. 
 To the left two shamrocks, three smaller leaves, two thistle leaves, one thistle, 
 two blades, one ear, and one stalk with three leaves. To the right one stalk 
 with three leaves, eight rose leaves, one rose, one smaller leaf, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 The relief on this variety is very low, and the specimen under examination is not 
 well struck up, so that it is difficult to give a correct enumeration of the leaves. The 
 second thistle leaf is almost invisible ; in some specimens it does not appear at all. 
 The rose leaf under the rose could not be distinguished in poorer specimens ; collectors 
 will therefore look to the general outline in assigning this and other pieces, with similar 
 imperfections, to their proper place in their cabinets. New varieties are constantly 
 being reported by enthusiastic collectors, the only distinguishing feature of which is the 
 absence of some of the finer lines, owing to careless striking. 
 
 XCVII. Ok). Same as XCIV. 
 
 Rev. BANK TOKEN MONTREAL Wreath of twenty-one laurel leaves to the 
 left, and long slender leaves to the right, tied by a small double bow. Within 
 the wreath un | sous Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 The occurrence of the plural in Sous is an error arising in the first instance from 
 a carelessly written or from an incorrect reading of a hurried order. The dies were 
 executed in Birmingham, and the slowness of travel in those days allowed no time for 
 thf : i ' t :.3siou of a design for correction, hence the perpetration of so glaring an error. 
 
 ' .C\ Ki. Obv. As the last, but the stems are much heavier, especially 
 ^ic.; of tfie lov.er rose bud to the left. 
 
 A.":. ; 'ime as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 The heavy stems would seem to indicate that this piece is from an old die re- 
 touched. No artist capable of engraving such a handsomely proportioned bouquet 
 would be guilty of these stiff, unnatural lines. Of the last token there are many speci- 
 mens in which the finer lines are very faint, while in some of the later struck ones they 
 are altogether wanting. We may therefore infer, that the dies having become worn 
 after an extensive coinage, were touched up by an inferior hand for a fresh issue. 
 
 van 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 25 
 
 Group I. 
 XCIX. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. BANK OF MONTREAL TOKEN 
 
 Bank Issues. 
 
 variations as to arrangement of leaves 
 
 Wreath similar to XCVII, with slight 
 Within the wreath un sous Copper. 
 Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Between the years 1835 and 1838 the issue of private tokens was so abundant, that 
 they formed the bulk of our circulating medium. Traders, in making up their cash at 
 the close of a busy day, would often have from twenty to fifty dollars of this kind of 
 change to count. This redundancy of copper coin proved such an intolerable nuisance, 
 that the government had to interfere, and in 1838 an "Ordinance of Special Council" 
 was passed, from which I make the following extracts: — 
 
 " Whereas, great frauds i;ave been produced upon the inhabitants of this province 
 by evil disposed persons who have imported into the same or manufactured therein 
 spurious copper or brass coin or tokens for the purpose of passing them for a much 
 
 higher value than they are intrinsically worth, be it enacted " " That no 
 
 person shall utter, tender or offer in payment any copper or brass coin other than the 
 lawful coin of the United Kingdom, or the tokens of some one of the chartered banks 
 of this province, or of the Banque dii Peuple at the city of Montreal, or American cents, 
 or such coins or tokens as have been lawfully imported into this province." 
 
 From this we can understand that those issued by the bank of Montreal had all 
 the authority of a government coinage, and for a time these Bank Tokens formed our 
 only copper currency. As they so closely resembled the unauthorized Un Sou tokens, 
 some distinguishing mark was necessary, and strangely enough th« mistaken use of the 
 plural s and not the name of the bank was the mark pitched upon by the unsophisti- 
 cated habitants. 
 
 There is little doubt that Nos. XCVII and XCVIII were unauthorized, as the 
 name of the bank is wanting. In every other particular the resemblance is perfect. 
 The recurrence of the plural sotis was no doubt intentional, that the unsuspecting might 
 by the presence of this " mint mark " be gulled into receiving the coin with equal confi- 
 dence with the genuine.* Notwithstanding that the Order of 1838 was confirmed in 
 1839, and that an Act of a similar nature was passed by the Parliament of the united 
 province in 1842, and again repeated in 1869. these private tokens still continued to 
 circulate freely until they were called in by the government in 1871. In the district 
 around Quebec they still form the bulk of the copper change. 
 
 C. Obv. Same as XCVII. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but there are only twenty leaves to the left of the 
 wreath. The stem of the wreath comes closer to the n in token. The 
 letters, and especially the m in Montreal are more regular. Copper. Size 
 27 m. R 2. 
 
 While there is an uncertainty as to whether the obverse of this variety is different 
 from that of the last, there ,can be no doubt that the reverse is not only distinct but 
 
 * In a newspaper of that time, there is an item caution- caution is similar to what we sometimes notice when 
 ing people from receiving counterfeit cop|)er tokens, — spurious hundred dollar bills are afloat, 
 im latiuns of those issued by the Bank of Montreal. The 
 
36 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 I ■ 
 
 that it vras executed by a different artist. Another and inferior set of punches must 
 have been used in sinking the letters. According to some collectors, there are one or 
 two other varieties of this and of the three former pieces, but as they appear to be 
 specimens struck from dies in a more or less dilapidated condition, I refrain from 
 enumerating them here. 
 
 CI. Obv. Same as LXXIV. 
 
 Rev. RANQUE Du PEUPLE MONTREAL A wrcath of twenty-fouf maple 
 leaves tied with a bow. Within the wreath un | sou Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 The planchet is thicker than in the ordinary varieties and the edge also is finely 
 milled. If this Un Sou did not occur with two different reverses belonging to the 
 unauthorized series, I would assign it to an entirely different place of mintage. While 
 to some extent accounting for the number of crosses in the series by the destruction of 
 the dies through rude appliances and careless manipulations, this does not appear 
 sufficient in every case ; as in the present instance, where the dies are evidently from 
 the hands of different artists. The idea is that a number of these dies were brought 
 into the city to evade the difficulty of Custom House interference with importations of 
 " spurious " coin, and when the owner of a pair of dies gave an order, the obverse and 
 reverse were chosen, with which to execute the order, from the collection without refer- 
 ence to ownership. 
 
 CII. Obv. * AGRICULTURE & COMMERCE * BAS-CANADA. Bouquet tied 
 
 with bows and ends of the ribbon to right and left. To the left a sprig with 
 three groups of three small leaves, three rose leaves, one rose, one bud, one 
 blade, and one ear.. To the right one large maple leaf and one in profile, one 
 thistle, one rose leaf, two blades, and one ear. 
 
 Rev. BANQUE DU PEUPLE MONTREAL A Wreath of five large maple leaves. 
 Within the wreath un sou. To the left of the wreath is a star • and to the 
 right is what is claimed to be the Phrygian cap of liberty. Copper. Size 27 m. 
 R 2. 
 
 The edge is coarsely milled, and the letters are cut with the graver instead of 
 having been sunk by punches. The bank still retains possession of the dies. They 
 were executed by an engraver of the name of J. Arnau-lt, who also prepared the dies for 
 the Molson Token, and the first mentioned (LIX) of this series. Having migrated from 
 France, he was no doubt filled with republican principles, and sympathized with those 
 visionary schemes of the sons of liberty that culminated in the rebellion. We may 
 therefore attribute the appearance of what has given it the name of the Rebellion Token 
 to this sympathy on his part, rather than to any authority received from the officers of 
 the bank.* Soon after its appearance, these dreadful emblems of independence and 
 annexation were discovered by the argus eye of a newspaper reporter, and a cry was 
 raised which prevented any further issue of the condemned coin. Mr. Arnault had, it is 
 said, appliances for turning out two thousand coppers per day. But of this particular 
 coin he could not have struck many, as, although not rare, they cannot have had an 
 extensive circulation. t 
 
 • Since the above was written I have learned that one revolutionary committee. He .ilso may have had some 
 of the clerics in the bank was an active member of tlie influence m adopting the republican devices. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 »7 
 
 PROVINCE OF QUEBE 
 
 BANK TOKENS. 
 
 While the state of political unrest prevailing in Canada previous to the outbreak 
 of 1837, accelerated and deepened the financial depression of that period, it was not the 
 sole cause. Dissatisfied rightly, no doubt, with an irresponsible government, the people 
 had a greater trade grievance in an unauthorized and unstable currency. The worn out 
 and uncountable Spanish and French silver had been driven out of circulation by the 
 flood of almost valueless copper tokens previously described ; and these having been 
 outlawed by fiat of Governor in " Special Council," were superseded by the altogether 
 worthless shinplasters. 
 
 It was under these condif'ons of the circulation, that the Banks were permitted to 
 issue the tokens hereinafter described. These tokens still continue to circulate after 
 having been issued over forty years, with as much authority as the cents of 1859 ^"'^ 
 1876. The four last described in the previous group, more properly come under the 
 present heading, but having so many points in common, they are classed with the Un 
 Sous. 
 
 CI 1 1. Obv. PROVINCE DU BAS CANADA DEUX SOUS. A habitant or French 
 Canadian peasant in winter costume, standing, with a whip in his right hand, 
 and with his left hand extended. 
 
 Rev. BANK TOKEN ONE PENNY. Ex. 1 837. Amis of the city of Mont- 
 real within a garter inscribed concordia salus. Arms quartered by a St. 
 Andrew's cross. In the four compartments, commencing with the left, are a 
 thistle, rose, shamrock, and beaver. Extending to the right and left of the 
 arms is a scroll, inscribed in incused letters, bank of Montreal. Copper. 
 Size 34 m. C. 
 
 The Bank of Montreal was established in 18 18, being the first bank chartered to 
 do business in Canada. It stands at the head of Canadian monetary institutions, while 
 it is stated that there is no other monetary organization on the continent of greater 
 financial strength. 
 
 CIV. Obv. PROVINCE DU BAS CANADA UN SOU. A habitant as on the 
 last. 
 
 Rev. BANK TOKEN HALF PENNY. Arms and scroll as the last. Copper. 
 Size 28 m. C. 
 
 The habitant, as the French Canadian peasant is called by his city brethren, has 
 retained his winter costume unchanged, until recently, for the last two hundred years. 
 This costume consists of a Tuque Bleu by way of head-dress, over-coat, and Capuchon of 
 dark blue homespun, scarlet sash, and beef moccasins. 
 
 CV. Obv. Same as cm. 
 
 Rev. As CIII, but with the scroll inscribed city bank. Copper. Size 
 34 m. C. 
 
 About the years 1830 to 1836 politics ran so high in Canada, that it even extended 
 to banking institutions. The Bank of Montreal was for a long time the only Bank 
 
 ' 1 
 
 ft:;. 
 
28 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 doino; business in the city, and being controlled by conservatives, it was sometimes 
 difficult for leading liberals to secure their necessary Bank accommodations ; consequently 
 the City Hank was organized as a liberal institution, and a charter obtained in 1833. 
 Through some manipulations of members of the then government and managers of the 
 Bank of Montreal, the City Bank fell into the hands of the conservatives, leaving the 
 liberals in a worse condition than before. The management of the Bank from the 
 beginning was faulty, and it failed during the financial depression of 1867. It was 
 reorganized, along with another bankrupt institution, under the name of the Consolidated 
 Bank of Canada, but last year it again succumbed to the hard times that had so long 
 prevailed in the Dominion. 
 
 CVI. Ohv. Same as CIV. 
 
 Rev. As CIV, but with the scroll inscribed city bank. Copper. Size 
 28 m. C. 
 
 The following is the Order in Council ordering the acceptance of these tokens by 
 government institutions as two cents and one cent respectively, an increase of one-fifth 
 in their value, 
 
 "Aug. 30, 1870. 
 
 " On a memorandum dated 26th August, instant, from the Hon. the Minister of 
 Finance, reporting that great public inconvenience has been experienced for some time 
 back, owing to the state of the copper coinage. That while bronze cents and the copper 
 coins of the Uftited Kingdom are. alone a legal tender, the principal copper currency 
 consists of Bank Tokens of the Bank of Montreal, Bank of Upper Canada, City Bank, 
 Quebec Bank, and Banque du Peuple, all of which are of good quality, and all authorized 
 by law. That these coins are only current at the rates of a half penny and a penny old 
 currency, while postage and other stamps are in cenfs. That it is essentially necessary 
 to establish a uniform copper currency, and after much consideration, he is of opinion 
 that if the Government would instruct its Departments to receive the Bank Tokens at 
 one and two cents respectively, the public would do so likewise, and by this means a 
 great deal of inconvenience would be removed. — He therefore recommends that the 
 necessary instructions be given." 
 
 " The Committee advise that instructions be given accordingly." 
 
 CVII. Obv, Same as CIII. 
 
 Rev. As CIII, but with the scroll inscribed banque du peuple. Copper. 
 Size 34 m. C. 
 
 The liberals, undaunted by their previous failure, again in 1835 organized a Bank 
 under their own special management. Being unable to obtain a charter, the Banque du 
 Peuple was established as a private banking institution, with unlimited liability on the 
 part of the directors. Some ten or fifteen years afterwards the Bank received its 
 charter, and still continues as one of the leading banks of the city. 
 
 CVIII. Obv. Same as CIV. 
 
 Rev. As CIV, but with the scroll inscribed banque du peuple. Copper. 
 Size 28 m. C. 
 
 These bank tokens, bearing the likeness of an ancient habitant, were for a long 
 time our only authorized Canadian coins, and as such have all the characteristics of a 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 29 
 
 national currency. In the course of ten years the habitant in tuque, sash, &c., will be as 
 rare as was any other costume ten years ago among the rural French Canadians. I 
 would therefore advise that the habitant be retained on the reverse of our new coinage, 
 not simply as a memento of our first national coinage, but in memory of the hardy 
 pioneers who first civilized our wild wintry wastes. 
 
 CIX. Obv. Same as CI II. 
 
 Rev. As CIII, but with the scroll inscribed Quebec bank. Copper, Size 
 34 m. C. 
 
 The Quebec Bank was organized the same year as the Bank of Montreal, and has 
 ever since retained its position at the head of the banking business in the ancient capital. 
 Although it has never shown the enterprise of the earlier institution, still, through all 
 the commercial crises of the last sixty years, it has remained firm, and has continued 
 steadily to advance with the trade of that city. 
 
 ex. Obv. Same as CIV. 
 
 Rev. As CIV, but with the scroll inscribed Quebec bank. Copper. 
 28 m. C. 
 
 Size 
 
 It seems strange that the tokens issued by the Quebec Bank should bear the Arms 
 of the City of Montreal, while the device adopted by the City of Quebec seems more 
 beautiful and more appropriate. The reason for the bank of one city thus displaying 
 the Arms of another, seems to be, that the design selected by the majority of the banks 
 was prescribed by the Order in Council authorizing the issue of these coins, which 
 design the solitary Bank at Quebec had to adopt. 
 
 CXI. Obv. PROVINCE OF CANADA BANK OF MONTREAL. PVont vieW of 
 
 the Bank of Montreal building ; on either side is a railing, with trees behind. 
 Rev. Same as CV. Size 34 m. R 6. 
 
 This coin is evidently a mule, as the union of the provinces was only consummated 
 in 1 84 1, while this obverse reads "Province of Canada," instead of " Province du Bas 
 Canada," the date being 1837, four years previous to the union. The obvc rse properly 
 belongs to CXVII, and the reverse to CV. I have marked it as of the highest degree 
 of rarity, as I only knew of one specimen until I came across a second in a collection 
 that was lately sent out from London. 
 
 CXI I. Obv. BANK OF MONTREAL. Ex. 1838. Front and side view of 
 the Bank building ; on either side is a spreading tree behind railings. 
 
 Rev. Similar to CIII, without date. The inscription on the scroll is in 
 raised letters. Copper. Size 34 m. R 6. 
 
 That this and the four following tokens were issued as patterns, there seems 
 to be little doubt, as they do not bear the name of the province as the authority for their 
 issue. Their scarcity would also indicate that there were none struck for general circu- 
 lation. One rumor has it, that some ten or a dozen specimens were struck and distrib- 
 uted among the directors of the bank. 
 
 CXI 1 1. Obv. As the last. 
 
so 
 
 CANADIAN NU.MISMATICS. 
 
 Rev, As CIV, without date, and the inscription on the scroll is in raised 
 letters. Copper. Size 28 m. R 5. 
 
 These "side views," as they are called, are always in great demand among collec- 
 tors, and command higher prices in relation to their rarity than any other in the Cana- 
 dian series. Still, once in a great while a specimen is picked up in circulation. Only 
 last year, in receiving change from a newsboy, a collector was handed a half penny of 
 1838. 
 
 CXIV. Obv. AsCXlI, date 1839. 
 
 Rev. As CI II, without date. Copper. Size 34 m. R 6. 
 
 This piece is one of the rarest of the series, as the only specimen known to me is 
 the one in my own collection, and it has a somewhat romantic history for a coin. 
 Picked up in circulation about thirty years ago by one of the first collectors, who made 
 specialty of Canadian coins, it was not then as highly prized as now. I acquired it 
 along with his Canadian collection at a very moderate price, — some ten dollars for the 
 whole. About five or six years ago, through the cupidity of a housemaid, ir disappeared 
 from my collection, having been expended for candy — rather an expensive sweetness to 
 me at least. Last year it turned up in the hands of a small grocer, and was purchased 
 from him for five dollars by a young collector. It was not long before I was again the 
 owner of my lost treasure at the cost of twenty dollars. 
 
 CXV. Obv. As CXIII, date, 1839. 
 
 Rev. As CIV, without date. Copper. Size 28 m. R 3. 
 
 The half penny of 1839 '^ hy far the commonest of the "side views." Good 
 specimens can be purchased at from two to three dollars, while the others bring as high 
 as twenty dollars and more, if procurable at all. 
 
 CXVl. Obv. Same as CXIV. 
 
 Rev. As CVII, without date, differing also in many minor points. Copper. 
 Size 34 m. R 6. 
 
 The only known specimen of this coin was purchased about a year ago from a 
 small trader. It had been laid aside (according to some superstition prevalent regarding 
 the first money) as the first purchase money received on opening his establishment forty 
 years ago. Although bearing the name of the Banque du Penple on thereverse, while 
 the obverse is that of the Bank of Montreal, this is not a mule piece, as this particular 
 reverse occurs on no other coin. I cannot account for its occurrence, as the Banque du 
 Peuple issued no coin later than 1837. 
 
 CXVII. Obv. Same as CXI. 
 
 Rev. As CIII, date, 1842. Copper. Size 34 m. C. 
 
 On the union of the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada in 1841, Montreal was 
 made the seat of Government, and the Bank of Montreal therefore became the Govern- 
 ment banker. For this reason, it was for a number of years the sole Bank that issued 
 tokens under the new government. 
 
 CXVIII. Obv. As CXI. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 S» 
 
 Rei). As CIV, date, 1842. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 The reverse of these coins is identical with those of 1837, except in the date. 
 The P^nRlish language is used on the obverse as well as on the reverse, showing that 
 with the annexation of Upper Canada, that language came to be the chief official tongue 
 01 the Province. 
 
 CXIX. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As CIV, date, 1844. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 Although Sandham mentions a corresponding penny of this date, I have never 
 been able ^u learn of its existence in any collection. It seems probable that none were 
 ever issued. 
 
 CXX. Obv. SameasCXVIII. 
 
 Rev. As CIV, date, 1845. Copper. Size 28 m. R 6. 
 
 The only known specimen of this date was purchased some two or three years ago 
 from a London numismatist. It would therefore seem evident that dies were prepared 
 for a coinage of these tokens in 1845, but for some unknown reason such coinage was 
 never put into circulation in Canada. 
 
 CXXl. Obv. Same as cm. 
 
 Rev. NEW BRUNSWICK ONE PENNY TOKEN. A frigate to the left, full rigged, 
 but with sails furled. Copper. Size 34 m. R 6. 
 
 The specimen from which this description is taken, is in the collection of the 
 British Museum. The Museum authorities claim this as a genuine issue. But there is 
 no doubt that it is a mule piece from dies engraved in the years 1837 and 1843 respect- 
 ively, and for coins issued in separate provinces. 
 
 CXXII. Obv. VICTORIA DEI GRATIA REGiNA. Ex. 1843. Diademed head 
 of Victoria to the left. 
 
 Rev. Same as the obverse of CXVIII. Copper. Size 28 m. R 6. 
 
 The whole series of Bank Tokens were struck by Messrs. Bolton & Watt, of Soho 
 Mint, Birmingham, as also were the New Brunswick tokens of 1843. There must have 
 been some tampering with the dies, as mules of this description would not under ordi- 
 nary circumstances have got into circulation. The specimen here described was sold at 
 auction in New York some years ago. 
 
 CXXIII. Obv. PROVINCE DU CANADA DEUX SOUS. Habitant as in CIII. 
 
 Rev. QUEBEC BANK TOKEN. Ex. ONE PENNY 1 852. A woman seated to 
 the right with her left arm extended. In her right hand is a cornucopia, 
 while the arm rests on a shield. On the shield is a lion walking to the left. 
 In front is a beaver, and behind a beehive ; in the distance to the right is the 
 river St. Lawrence, with a vessel at anchor. To the left is a view of the 
 Citadel of Quebec. Copper. Size 34 m. C. 
 
 After the riots which resulted from the passage of the rebellion loss bill, and 
 burning of the parliament buildings at Montreal in 1849, the seat of government was 
 
 
 
32 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 removed from that city, and, until it was finally fixed at Ottawa, itinerated between 
 Quebec and Toronto. The Quebec Bank and the Bank of Upper Canada alternately 
 received the Government deposit. It would seem to be for this reason that the Quebec 
 Bank, after the lapse of fifteen years, again issued tokens under Government authority. 
 
 CXXIV. Obv. PKoviNCK i)U CANADA tJN SOU. Habitant, as on the last. 
 Rev. QUEBEC BANK TOKEN. Ex. HALF PENNY 1 852. Same design as the 
 last. Copper. Size 28 m, C. 
 
 These two coins were struck by Ralph Heaton at Birmingham, and exhibit more 
 art, especially on the reverse, than the earlier tokens ; the relief also is higher. The 
 device on the reverse is the Arms of the City of Quebec, and excels in appropriateness 
 and beauty that of any other city on the continent. 
 
 !i 
 
 >jh, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. MEDALS. 
 
 The issue of medals for this province of late years has been such that 
 their number almost equals that of the coins. As it is impossible to give 
 any sort of chronological a rangement of these medals, I will group them with 
 regard to afifinity of subjects. 
 
 CXXV. Obv. BRITANNIA. Head of Britannia to the right ; underneath is 
 a wreath with a standard and trident crossed ; under the trident Is the name 
 SAVNDERs and under the standard wolfe. 
 
 Rev. QVEBEc. TAKEN. MDCCLix. Ex. soc. P. A. c. Victory with a palm 
 branch in her left hand to the left crowning a trophy. Bound to the foot of 
 the stump on which the trophy is suspended is a captive ; behind the stump 
 is the prow of a vessel. Size 40 m. R 4. 
 
 This med^l was issued by the Society for Promoting Arts and Commerce ; but 
 what connection the capture of Quebec had with art is difficult at this date to under- 
 stand. The members of the Society, on the other hand, expected that the interests of 
 (British) commerce would be greatly benefited by this event. 
 
 CXXVI. Obv. THE CONQVE.ST OF CANADA coMPLEATED. A laureated 
 male figure to the right reclining, with his right arm resting on the prow of a 
 galley ; in his left hand he holds a paddle, while a dog-like beaver is climbing 
 up his knee. In the back ground is a standard with the name amhersi 
 within a wreath inscribed upon it ; underneath is the shield of France with 
 battle-axe, bow and quiver. 
 
 Reii. MONTREAL TAKEN MDCCLX Ex. SOC. PROMOTING ARTS | AND COM- 
 MERCE. A female figure to the right seated on the ground weeping. (?) 
 Behind is a coniferous tree, and an eagle with expanded wings standing on a 
 rock ; before is a shield, with sword and battle-axe. Size 40 m. R 4. 
 
 This Society may have done something to promote commerce, but judging from 
 the rude attempts at copying nature, these medals at least could not have conveyed 
 much " higher ari education" to even an ignorant public. 
 
CXXVII. 
 
 iated 
 
 of a 
 
 fbing 
 
 [EKST 
 
 with 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 33 
 
 Obv. GEORGE • II • KING Laurcatcd head of the king to th? 
 
 Ifrom 
 /eyed 
 
 left. 
 
 Rev. CANADA SUBDUED Ex. MDCCLX | s. P. A. c. A female figure, weeping, 
 to the right, seated on the ground beside a coniferous tree ; behind is a 
 beaver climbing up a bank. Size 38 m. R 4. 
 
 I have specimens of these three medals in silver as well as in bronze. Those in 
 bronze were from the Bank of England collection. Some time ago that collection was 
 presented to the British Museum, with the understanding that all duplicates were to be 
 sold. Art in this medal is also wanting, the extended leg in the female figure being 
 of wonderful length. 
 
 CXXVII I. Obv. lACOBUS WOLFE ANGLUS Ex. GOSSET. M. KIRK. F. Bust 
 
 of Wolfe in armor to the left. 
 
 Rev. IN VICTORIA c^sv.s Ex. QVEBEC/E | SEPT. XIII | MDCCLix An um, 
 surmounted by a wreath, on a pedestal inscribed pro | patria Surrounding 
 the urn are flags, cannons, drums, battle-axe, sword, shield, helmet, and other 
 instruments of war. Size 37 m. R 5. 
 
 The art displayed on this medal is of a much higher order than on those issued by 
 the Society for Promoting Arts, &c. Kirk figures as the engraver of the dies of a 
 number of the English eighteenth century tokens. They are fine specimens, and Kirk 
 seems to have been an artist of some note. 
 
 CXXIX. Obv. GEORGivs. II. rex. Bust of the king in armor to the left. 
 Rev. Inscription to the left, guadaloupe | baring"? moore | may. i | Nia- 
 gara j IONSON I lULY. 25 At top, QUEBEC | WOLFE ] MONCK^" TOWNS" | SEP. 1 3 
 
 (4. 18 I hawke quiberon I NOV. 20 To right, crown point | amherst | aug. 
 
 4 I LAGOS j BOSCAWEN } AUG. 1 9. At bottom, MINDEN | FERDINAND | AUG. I 
 
 Arms, consisting of a Jieur-de-lys reversed, surrounded by a garter inscribed 
 PERFiDiA EVERSA. Supporters : a crowned lion to left and a horse to right ; 
 ribbon inscribed, w. pitt ausp. geo. ii pr. mi ; under the arms, mdccix Size 
 42 m. R 3. 
 
 This medal was struck to commemorate Britioh victories in different parts of the 
 world during the year 1758. 
 
 CXXX. Obv. senigal mai. 2. | marsh mason. | s'' mxlo': iun 16. | marl- 
 
 BRO. I CHERBOURG. AU. 1 6. | HOW. LOUISBOURG. lUL. 27. | BOSCAWEN-AMHERST | 
 FRONTI'' AUG. 27. I BRADSTREET. | DUQUESNE. NOV. 24. | FORBES. | GOREE. DE 29 | 
 
 KEPPEL. Britannia seated in a chariot drawn by a lion, supported by the figure 
 of Justice to the left and of Liberty to the right. The ground on which they 
 stand is strewn ^^xih. Jieurs-de-lys ; above is a scroll inscribed F(EI)US-invictum. 
 below, MDCCviii. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Size 42 m. R 3. 
 
 This is a mule piece struck from two reverse dies of medals for victories in 1758 
 and 1759. Sandham describes another piece with the obverses crossed, but on compar- 
 
 M 
 
J4 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 Tng a number of obverses on both medals, I can find only one variety ; I have therefore 
 come to the conclusion that his No. 5 does not exist. 
 
 CXXXI. Obv. MONTREAL Ex. DCF in depressed oval. View of a 
 fortified town with water in front ; to the left is a flag with St. George's cross. 
 Rev. MOHiGiANs. Size 5 1 m. R 6. 
 
 At the top of the reverse is the word " Tankilkel " engraved in script. I cannot 
 learn for what purpose this medal was issued. There is only one specimen known, and 
 it has the appearance of having been cast. The word " Mohigians " may refer to a tribe 
 of Indians, and it may have been presented to a member of that tribe who assisted at 
 the capture of Montreal, 1760, or at its defence in 1777, when Canada was invaded. 
 
 CXXXII. Obv. ALFRED SANDHAMS MEDALLIC HLSTGRV OF MONTREAL. 
 
 Arms similar to CIII but without scroll. 
 
 Rev. VISITED iiocHELAGA OCTOBER 3"'' 1 535 inscription across the field : 
 between fancy scroll work, jaques cartier Size 45 m. R 5. 
 
 In 1875 Sandham intended issuing a series of medals commemorative of events in 
 the history of Montreal. This was to have been the first of the series. They all were 
 to bear the same obverse, but before the first impression was struck, he destroyed the 
 dies and threw them away. They were found by a young collector, and after having 
 been slightly touched up, some four or five impressions were struck off in white metal, 
 and one in copper. The design is not artistic, but had the purpose of issuing the series 
 been carried out, we should have had an interesting group of medals. 
 
 CXXXIII. Obv. VICTORIA regina Ex. 1848. Diademed head of Vic- 
 toria to the left ; w. wyon r. a inscribed under the neck. 
 
 ReiK TO THE hritish ARMY Ex. 1793-1814. Victoria to the right, 
 crowned and in robes of state, standing on a platform. Before her is the 
 Duke of Wellington, kneeling to receive a crown of laurel from her hands. 
 He is draped with a martial cloak and holds a baton in his right hand. At 
 the side of the platform is a small figure of a sleeping lion. Silver. Size 
 36 m. R 4. 
 
 Attached to this medal is a bar inscribed chateauguav. For some time previous 
 to the date of its issue, a medal was talked of as a reward for those who fought Britain's 
 battles during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. The same medal was given 
 for the different campaigns, varying only in the bar that designated the battle in which 
 the recipient was engaged. This medal, and the engagement for which it was given, I 
 have described in the Antiquarian, Vol. IV, p. 122. 
 
 CXXXIV. Obv. tiik VICTORIA 1!R1i)(;k medal (;rand tiiUN'k railway 
 OF CANADA. Inscription in lower part of field, the victoria bridge, Mont- 
 real I THE GREATEST WORK OF | ENGINEERING SKILL | IN THE WORLD. | PUBLICLY 
 
 inaugurated I AND OPENED IN | 1 860. Above are the arms of Montreal as 
 
 • in CIII, surrounded with a beaver, with an Indian seated to the right and one 
 
 standing to the left as supporters ; on either side are sprigs of thistles, roses 
 
 5o m. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 35 
 
 /lOUS 
 
 tain's 
 ;iven 
 ifhich 
 kn, I 
 
 LWAY 
 JONT- 
 I.ICLY 
 
 il as 
 
 one 
 
 roses 
 
 and shamrock, with a Hon to the left and a unicorn to the right ; under the 
 arms are two scrolls inscribed ross Stephenson. Across the centre of the field 
 is a perspective view of the Victoria Bridge from the south shore ; in the fore- 
 ground is a raft and a steamer, with a view of Mount Royal in the distance. 
 Rev, Inscription in the field, \\\v. victoria bridge | consists of 23 
 
 SPANS I 242 fT each I AND I IN CENTRE 33O F.'" j WITH A LONG ABUTMENT | ON 
 EACH BANK OF THE RIVER | THE TUBES ARE IRON | 22 Y^. HIGH, 1 6 F.'" WIDE | 
 AND WEIGH 6.000 T"'' | SUPPORTED ON 24 PIERH | CONTAINING 25oOOO T'''' OF 
 STONE I MEASURING 3,000,000 CUBIC FEET | EXTREME LENGTH 2 MILES | COST ' 
 
 $5,000,000 At the top are the British arms. To the left is a rose bush with 
 a medallion portrait of the queen inscribed queen victoria. To the right a 
 bunch of thistles and a medallion portrait inscribed prince albert. At the 
 bottom the Prince of Wales feathers, and motto icii dien with a medallion 
 portrait inscribed prince of wales ; to the left of the medallion is a sprig of 
 shamrocks, a. hoffnun(; ; to the right a beaver, Montreal. Size 5o m. R 2. 
 
 Of the half dozen medals struck for sale during the Prince of Wales's visit to 
 Canada, this is the most artistic. There is, however, too much attempted on this 
 medal. Fewer subjects would not have diminished its beauty, while more room would 
 have been given for amplifying its prominent features. 
 
 CXXXV. OhiK Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the cost is $7,000,000 instead of $5, 000,000. Size 
 5o m. R 2. 
 
 It was discovered that the bridge would cost considerably more than five millions • 
 ere it could be completed ; the die was therefore altered to 7,000,000 after a large number 
 of white metal impressions had been struck off. This variety is frequently met with in 
 bronze. , 
 
 CXXXV'l. Obv. H. r. h. the prince of wales Ex, born 9 Nov 1841 
 .A full-face bust of the Prince in light infantry uniform. 
 
 Rev. OPENED BY THE PRINCE OF WALES | 1860 ifx. VICTORIA BRIDGE | 
 
 MONTREAL View of the bridge from the north shore, with a train coming out 
 of the north entrance. Size 43 m. C. 
 
 It was issued by Messrs. Savage & Lyman, Jewellers, Montreal, and a considerable 
 number were disposed of at the time ; .still, after the lapse of fifteen years, this firm had 
 some five or six hundred or more in stock. These were purchased by a collector for 
 little above their value as old metal. Struck in bronze, silver and white metal. 
 
 CXXXVIl. Obv. ALBERT EDWARD PRINCE OF WALES Head of the PHncc 
 to the left ; under the head, j. s. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. VISITED CANADA AND LWUGURATED THE VICTORIA BRIDGE ♦ 1860 * 
 
 The Prince of Wales's crest and motto icii dien surrounded with two sprigs 
 of maple leaves and three ribbons, each inscribed welcome ; under the ribbon 
 to the left, m. d. wyatt des. ; to the right, j. s. wyon sc. Size 47 m. R 4. 
 
 i^ 
 
36 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 The opening of the Victoria Bridge has been adequately commemorated by 
 medallic mementoes ; but this medal is in art far ahead of all those struck by private 
 firms, and the Grand Trunk Railway has issued a memento that may remain when the 
 wonderful structure it was intended to commemorate has crumbled away. 
 
 CXXXVIII. Obv. GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY COMPANY OF CANADA Head 
 
 of Trevithick to the left ; inscription to the right of the head, richard | tre- 
 viTHiCK ; under the head, j. s. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. Inscription on six ornamental bars, fresp:nted by the | • direc- 
 tors • I TO I i FOR I GENERAL EFFICIENCY | AND GOOD CONDUCT | 
 
 DURING THE YEAR | Behind the bars appear the Union Jack and the 
 
 Stars and Stripes ; around the inscription is a small wreath of maple leaves 
 with eight stars and four bars. Size 44 m. R 4. 
 
 Railway directors have always foi'nd it difficult to manage their staff of engineers, 
 and this medal was given as an incentive to a better performance of their duty. 
 
 CXXXIX. Obv. AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY LOWER CANADA A landscape, 
 with a man ploughing with two horses tandem, Xo the right in the foreground; 
 in front of the horses is a man walking. The field is bounded by a fence, 
 with mountains in the background ; under the landscape is a sheaf of wheat, 
 with scythe, sickle, fork and rake. 
 
 Rev. Plain. Size 39 m. R 6. 
 
 It was only the other day I came across a specimen of this, which seems to be the 
 earliest Canadian Agricultural Medal. On the obverse of this example, above the 
 landscape, the name " Montreal " is engraved, from which it seems that it was the 
 practice to engrave on the medal awarded, the name of the place where the exhibition 
 was held. The plain reverse has the following inscription engraved in script : " Pre- 
 sented I by this society | to | William Evans | a; nrst Prize | for Potatoes | in the County 
 of I Montreal | July 1832." 
 
 CXL. Obv. EXPOSITION PROVINCIALE AGRICOLE Ex. CAQUE g" DE l'eM- 
 
 PEREUR. A herald flying to the right ; in her right hand she holds a trumpet, 
 which she is blowing, and in her left a wreath. 
 
 Rev. CILXMHRE d'aGRICUI.TURK DU HAS CANADA CREEE EN l852 A large 
 
 heart-shaped shield, surmounted by a beaver and a sprig of maple leaves. 
 Hanging down on either side ?.d bunches of wheat ears. In the upper 
 compartment is a landscape, with a cow, a horse, a sheep, and a pig in the 
 foreground. The lower left has a wheeled plow. The lower right has some 
 sort of an implement, probably a primitive stumping machine, with stumps in 
 the foreground and trees in the distance. Inscription across the shield, 
 PRATIQUE AVEC SCIENCE. Size 42 m. R 4. 
 
 Previous to 1852 there were a number of local agricultural societies organized, to 
 foster the agricultural interests of the Province, but these societies were not officially 
 recognized until the institution of the Council of Agriculture. Since then, the agricul- 
 
 lines, 
 1877 
 
 I 
 a beac 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 37 
 
 KM- 
 
 ipet, 
 
 ipper 
 the 
 some 
 ps in 
 hield, 
 
 ;ed, to 
 icially 
 tricul- 
 
 tural departments of the Provincial Exhibitions have been under its charge. The design 
 on the reverse is highly approj^riate, while the obverse is characteristic of French exhibi- 
 tion medals. They seem rather fond of the herald, for the Dominion medal struck in 
 F" ranee bears the same design. 
 
 CXLI. OblK LI! CANADA HOARD OK ARTS & MANUFAC rURRS. CHAMBRE DE.S 
 
 ARTS ET MANUFACTURE.S RAS CANADA. AriTis of tile Board. Shield, with a 
 globe, surrounded by three coils of a serpent in the upper half ; the lower half 
 has the old arms of the Province, consisting of an oak tree with three ships at 
 anchor in the distance. Crest, head of Minerva, surrounded with a wreath of 
 maple leaves. Supporters, to the left a working man with a sledge hammer 
 resting on an anvil ; to the right a woman with a cloth in her hand ; by her 
 side is a large ornamental vase. Under the arms is a ribbon inscribed, 
 
 MEDITANDO ET VARIAS USUS EXTUNDERET ARTES ; On either side. J S WYON, 
 LONDON 
 
 Rev. Inscription in eight lines within a wreath of maple leaves, exhibi- 
 tion OF j CANADIAN INDUSTRY | OFENIN(; OF | VICTORIA BRIDGE | BY H. R. H. | 
 
 I'RiNCE OF WALES | MONTREAL | 1860 Above is the PHnce of Wales's crest, 
 with the motto ich dien Size 37 m. R 3. 
 
 Among other attractions during the Prince of Wales's visit to Montreal, was an 
 exhibition of Canadian industry by the Board of Arts. To add to its success, the above 
 medal was struck, and awarded to successful competitors at the exhibition. There were 
 ten struck in gold, one hundred in silver, and two hundred and fifty in bronze. 
 
 CXLI I. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Wreath of maple leaves enclosing inscription, lower Canada pro- 
 vincial EXHIBITION I HONORIS | CAUSA Size 37 m. R 3. 
 
 It was decided that the Provincial Exhibition should be held annually in one of the 
 larger towns or cities of the province. A new reverse die was ordered, and the appro- 
 priate inscription "honoris causa" on the reverse of tiie Great Kxhibition Medal of 
 London, 1862, was adopted. Some years ago the dies were ordered to be sent to 
 Montreal, and a number of medals were struck here ; but by carelessness tliey have been 
 damaged, and no medals have been awarded for some years. 
 
 CXLIII. Obv. Wreath of maple leaves enclosing inscription in seven 
 
 lines, SOUVENIR | DE | l'kXIHITION | I'ROVINt LM.F I TFNUF A OUFl'.KC | FN SEP- | 
 
 1877 Above the inscription is a bird flying. 
 
 Rev. IN COMMEMORATION OF THE EXHIBiriON HELD AT (,)UFBE(. Within 
 
 a beaded circle at top. sep- 1877. White metal. Size 29 m. C. 
 
 No Provincial Exhibition had been held for some years ; the exhibition at Quebec 
 was therefore somewhat of an event, to commemorate which the above described medal 
 was struck by Mr. Lymburner. It was offered at the entrance of the Exhibition and in 
 the streets of the city, but no doubt the roughness of the design interfered with its 
 ready sale. 
 
 ,5'i 
 
 
38 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CXLIV. Obv. IN COMMEMORATION OF IHE EXIIIllITION HELD IN QUEBEC. 
 
 Ex. SEPT. 1877 Within a beaded circle a view of the citadel of Quebec, with 
 harbor and vessels in foreground. 
 
 Rev. EN SOUVENIR DE l'exposition provinciale. Inscription within a 
 wreath of maple leaves, tenue | a | queuec | en | sep- 1877. Size 31 m. C. 
 
 Another medal struck for the same object as the last. The design, though better 
 than the last, is not excellent. They were both engraved by Mr. Bishop, but in the short 
 time allowed to prepare .1, ''es, nothing better could be accomplished. This medal 
 was sold on the exhibition grounds by Mr. Richard. 
 
 CXLV. Obv. TO commemorate the dominion exhibition held in 
 MONTREAL Ex. SEPTEMBER | 1880 View of the main exhibition building. 
 
 Rev. Inscription in ;;• ':)•:" within a wreath of maple leaves, souvenir | 
 
 DE l'exposition | DE LA PUL-.^N '■ ! TENUE A MONTREAL | EN SEPTEMHRE | 1 880. 
 
 At the foot is a beaver. Y. hite nv^t?:. Size 37 m. R 4. 
 
 This is an imprt;ssion fr<.:n .he uni: .."d die. The beaver is not complete, and 
 the bow to the wreath is wanci;)g. ." .rr;: .c noressions were strucit. from the dies in 
 this condition. 
 
 CXLVI. Obv. Same as the last, but with the name lymburner in small 
 letters to the left under the groundwork. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the wreath is tied with a ribbon and the beaver is 
 complete. Size 37 m. R 2. 
 
 Struck by Mr. Lymburner for the Dominion Exhibition just ended. This medal 
 proved a better financial venture than his attempt at Quebec, and deservedly so, as it is 
 infinitely superior in design and finish. Some two thousand were sold on the exhibition 
 grounds, where they were .struck as required. 
 
 CXLVIl. Obv. Same as CXLV. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Size 37 m. C. 
 
 The dies were slightly burned in tempering, and having been handed to an inex- 
 perienced workman to polish, he rubbed the obverse so hard that Mr. Lymburner's name 
 was effaced. 
 
 CXLVIII. Obv. en me.moire d'une excursion sur le s'" laurent. A 
 
 steamer to the left ; above, vapeur longueuil ; below, Montreal | i 
 1878 
 
 celebrate I an I excursion I ON the I si larwence 
 Inscription in seven lines, occupying the whole field 
 
 J.\N. 
 
 1^.^- 
 
 JAN- 
 
 Size 
 
 Rev. TO 
 uarv I 1878 
 29 m. R 2. 
 
 The fall and winter of 1877 were so mild, that the St. Lawrence remained un- 
 frozen until the close of thf- year. This occurrence is so rare, that it was decided to 
 celebrate the new year with a steamboat excursion. Mr. Lymburner improved the 
 opportunity by disposing of this medal to the excursionists. 
 
 Size 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 39 
 
 A 
 
 JAN. 
 JAN- 
 
 Size 
 
 un- 
 
 &d to 
 
 the 
 
 CXLIX. Obv. sociET : litt : et : hist: qvebec : in: can: infer: 
 siGiLLVM + A shield bearing a landscape ; surrounding the shield is a ribbon 
 inscribed nititur in lucem Above the shield is a bunch of flowers. 
 
 Rev. literary and historical society Quebec, incorporated 1831. 
 Within a circle is a garter inscribed palmam qvi mervit ferat Above the 
 garter prize medal Size 44 m. R 6. 
 
 The dies of this medal were destroyed in the fire that devastated the collection of 
 the Society about thirty years ago. The Society intended awarding this medal annually 
 for the best essay on some Canadian Historical subject. 
 
 CL. Obv. tandem fit surculus arbor. An owl with an uprooted 
 twig in his beak standing on the branch of a broken tree. 
 
 Rev. natural history society Montreal. Within a beaded circle a 
 garter inscribed palmam qui meruit ferat Above the garter prize medal 
 Size 45 m. R 4. 
 
 The Natural History Society was organized in 1828, for the study of Canadian 
 Natural History. This medal was intended as a prize for annual competition for the 
 best essay on any subject designated by the Society. These prize medals were com- 
 peted for during a number of years after they were struck, but for a long time the prac- 
 tice has been dropped. I have not been able to learn where the dies were engraved. 
 
 CLI. Obv. NUMISMATIC AND ARCFI^OLOGICAL SOCIETY » MONTREAL CAN- 
 ADA * A tomahawk and calumet crossed. To the left is an ancient Greek 
 coin with the head of Minerva ; above is an antique lamp ; to the right a 
 Canadian cent, and below a beaver on a rock ; under the design on either 
 side is the inscription, j. d. scott sc. | Montreal 
 
 Rev. Ex. sandhams series n° i Within a wreath of oak leaves to right 
 and maple leaves to left, instituted | 1862 j incorporated | 1870 Size 42 m. 
 R I. 
 
 The obverse is a copy of the seal of the Society, with the exception of the 
 inscription, which is in English. The word Archaeological occurs in the title instead 
 of Antiquarian. 
 
 CLII. Obv. WINDSOR HOTEL MONTREAL LARGEST IN THE DOMINION. 
 
 View of the Peel Street front of the building. Above, opened | 28 jany 
 
 1878 Below, J- WORTHINGTON | PROPRIETOR 
 
 Rev. IN COMMEMORATION | OF A | BANQUET & BALL | TO THE | GOVERNOR 
 GENERAL | AND | COUNTESS OF DUFFERIN | BY THE | CITIZENS OF MONTREAL) 
 
 FEB. 12'" & 14^" 1878 inscription in ten lines, occupying the whole field. 
 Size 36 m. R i. 
 
 The opening of the Windsor Hotel was thought by Mr. Lymburner to be a favor- 
 able opportunity for issuing a medal. He therefore had dies for the above medal 
 prepared, and disposed of a number of impressions at the ball, and a few to collectors, 
 but the design is poor and the execution does little credit to the artist. 
 
 |!'>. 
 
 l\ 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ^ :! 
 
40 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CLIII. Obv. MONTREAL YOUNG MEN's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION ^ Ex. 
 BUILDING ERECTED | 1 8/2 Within a circle, designed by a. D. STEELE SUP. 
 
 archI a. c. HUTCHISON Comer view of the Association building. On the 
 ground is j. s. & a. b. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. FOUNDED A. D. i85i- INCORPORATED A. D. i87o>Ji Inscription in 
 
 field, BOARD OF DIRECTORS | T. JAS. CLAXTON | CHAIRMAN | THOS. CRAIG | TREAS- 
 URER I A F. SANDHAM | SECRETARY | E. V. MOSELEY G. YOUNG | \V. CLENDINNENG 
 C. ALEXANDER | N. S. WHITNEY J. TORRANCE | E. K. GREENE II. A. NELSON | H. 
 LYMAN D. MORRICE | R. IRWIN L. PATON | W. REID | EX OFFICIO | HON. J. FERRIER 
 
 M. L. c. I PROF. J. w. DAWSON | LL. D., F. R. s. Size 45 m. R I. 
 
 The Montreal Young Men's Christian Association claims to be the first organized 
 association of the kind. This medal, therefore, not only commemorates the erection of 
 its building, but records the inauguration of the pioneer of what has become one of the 
 powers of this continent. 
 
 CLIV. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Ribbon inscribed, founded a. d. i85i incorporated a. d. 1870 
 Oval medallion at top, with head to right, inscribed r. james claxton • presi- 
 dent* Inscription in field, officers 1871-1872 | vice-presidents | james 
 
 BAYLIS HUGH WATSON | F. J. KELLER GEO. YOUNG | TREASURER SECRETARY | 
 THOMAS CRAIG ALF. SANDHAM | COMMITTEE | GEO. BISHOP A. H. CAMERON P. LAR- 
 MONTH I J. HOUGIIAN J. A. BAZIN D. BENTLEY | R. G. BROWN JAS. ROSS C. S. J. 
 PHILLIPS I JOS. RICHARDS F. W. RADFORD | S. CALDECOTT J. M. M. DUFF | W. SLOAN 
 
 c. GUSHING Under the ribbon, j. s. & a. b. wyon sc. Size 45 m. R 2. 
 
 It was thought well, when striking a medal commemorative of the erection of the 
 building, and which recorded the names of the Building Committee, to strike another, on 
 the reverse of which the names of the regular officers for that year should be handed 
 down to posterity. 
 
 CLV. Obv. Same as CLllI. 
 Rev. Plain. Size 45 m. R 6. 
 
 One or two only were struck with plain reverses. They were intended as presen- 
 tation medals; the name of the recipient and the object for which it was given were to 
 have been engraved on the reverse. ^ I am not aware that any were so presented. 
 
 CLVI, Obv. Same as the reverse of CLIV. 
 
 Rev. Same as the reverse of CLIII. Size 45 m. R 6. 
 
 This may be rightly termed a mule, as neither obverse nor reverse differ in any 
 particular from the two reverses previously described. Mr. Sandham, the Secretary of 
 the Association, had at that time completed his work on the Canadian Coins, and was 
 therefore all enthusiasm as a numismatist. To this cause we may attribute not only the 
 multiplication of varieties, but the striking of the original medal. 
 
 CLVI I. Obv. ■ WESTERN CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH MONTREAL- OF' ANIZED 
 
 by the 
 
*i3n^ 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 41 
 
 the 
 
 on 
 
 ided 
 
 any 
 ry of 
 1 was 
 y the 
 
 ilZED 
 
 1874 Corner view of church building with spire in right hand corner. Hut- 
 chison & STEELE ARCHITECTS on ground work. 
 
 Rev. CORNER STONE LAID JUNE lO- 1876. Ex. "AND THEY WERE ALL 
 
 WITH ONE I ACCORD IN ONE PLACE " Inscription in field, pastor. | rev. george 
 
 ANDERSON | CHURCH SECRETARY. | J. REDPATH DOUGALL | COMMIITEE. | JOHN 
 RITCHIE WILLIAM P. WEIR | THOMAS PARKER J. H. M'^FARLANE. | JOHN C. SMITH 
 
 J. w". osBORN. I CHARLES cusHiNG. Underneath the inscription are two palm 
 branches crossed. Size 45 m. R 2. 
 
 A copy in white metal was presented to each of the Sunday School scholars who 
 took part in the ceremony of laying the corner stone. I gave a description of this 
 medal in the Canadian Antiquarian, Vol. V, page 43. 
 
 CLVIII. Obv. T. JAMES CLAXTON * SUPERINTENDENT * Bearded head 
 to the right ; under the head, j, s. & a. b. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. * RUSSELL HALL SUNDAY SCHOOL * MONTREAL. Within a Wreath of 
 oak leaves to the left and maple leaves to the right is an open book inscribed 
 HOLY BIBLE Entwined round the lower part of the wreath is a ribbon in- 
 scribed SEARCH THE scKiPTURES Under the wreath, j. s. & a. b. wvon sc. 
 Size 45 m. R 2. 
 
 A white metal impression of this medal was presented in 1872 by Mr. Claxton to 
 each of the scholars of the Russell Hall Sunday School. At that time the school num- 
 bered over six hundred ; yet very few of the medals are now offered for sale. 
 
 CLIX. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Plain. Bronze. Size 45 m. R 6. 
 
 I only know of one impression with a plain reverse. The dies for the Claxton 
 medal were ordered through Mr. Sandham, and he had the above medal struck for his 
 own collection, hence its existence. 
 
 CLX. Obv. VERE novo TERRA COLENDA EST Ex. GRANDESCUNT AUCTA 
 
 LABORE A winged boy (the god of labor) to the left digging. To the right, 
 
 L. C. WYON. F. 
 
 Rev. UNivERSiTAS coLLEGii m'Igill ♦ MONTE REGio * ♦ ♦ Within a wreath 
 of laurel, henricus | chapman | donavit At the top of the wreath, the arms 
 of the College, consisting of a shield, with tliree«doves to the left, surmounted 
 by the crown ; below the shield is a scroll, with the motto, in domino confido 
 Under the wreath, l. c. w. Size 46 m. R 4. 
 
 This medal was founded by Mr. Chapman in 1856, and is competed for annually 
 by the Graduating Class. It is awarded to the highest honor student in classics. 
 
 CLXI. Obv. ALBERTUS EDVARDUS ARTIUM LIBERALIUM FAUTOR CANADA 
 
 VISA D. . i860. Head of the Prince of Wales to the right ; under the head, 
 
 C. F. CARTER SC 
 
 
42 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 i 
 
 Rev. UNiVEKsiTAS M'iGii.L. MONTE REGio. Arms and motto of the College 
 surrounded by a wreath of maple leaves to the left and oak leaves to the right. 
 Size 40 m. R 4. 
 
 Founded by the Prince when he visited Canada in i860. It is awarded for logic 
 and mental and moral philosophy. Although hardly equal to Wyon's work, this medal 
 shows a high degree of art, and Carter, whose place of business is in Birmingham, is a 
 medallist of no mean standard. 
 
 CLXII. Obv. SCIENTIIS • MATHEMATICIS • ET • PHYSICIS • FELICITER • EXCUL- 
 
 Tis * A beardless head to the left : behind the head, newton ; under it, 
 
 J. S. & A. B. WYON .SC. 
 
 Rev., * UNIVERSITAS M'^ CULL MONTE REGIO* IN DOMINO CONFIDO Within 
 
 a wreath of laurel, anna | molson | donavit | 1864 At the top the Molson 
 arms, consisting of a shield with six crescents. Size 46 m. R 4. 
 
 Founded by Mrs. John Molson for competition by honor students in mathematics. 
 John Molson was a brother to the issuers of the token of 1837. 
 
 CLXIII. Obv. GULIELMUS E. LOGAN : EQUES Head to the left; under 
 the head, j. s. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. : AD : geologiam : et : scientias : naturales : excolendas : gul : 
 e: LOGAN : EQ : d: 1864 Within a wreath of maple leaves, universitas| 
 m-gill I MONTE | REGIO At the top the arms and motto of the College. 
 
 Sir William Logan was for many years Director of the Geological Survey of 
 Canada. He was an enthusiastic geologist, and encouraged the study in Canada in 
 many ways. This medal is given for competition among students in geology and 
 natural sciences. 
 
 CLXIV. Obv. jusTiNiANus Full-faced bust of Justinian crowned. To 
 the left a globe surmounted by a Maltese cross ; to the right an ancient roll 
 Inscribed, pan | dec | tae Below the roll, j. s. & a. b. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. A ribbon Inscribed ad • nom : Elizabeth : torrance • perpetuand : 
 marit : JOANNES • torrance • INST : 1864. Within two palm branches, univer- 
 
 SITAS I m-gill I + + + j PR/EMIUM | in I FACULTATE | JURIS | + + + | ++ | + At 
 
 the top the arms of the College crowned. Size 45 m. R 4. 
 
 Presented to the College by John Torrance for competition by the students in the 
 faculty of law. The medal was founded in memory of his wife, probably on the sugges- 
 tion of his son, Judge Torrance, who received his degree of B. C. L. from this College 
 in 1856. 
 
 CLXV. Obv. SHAKSPERE i564-i6i6 Bust of Shakspere to the left ; 
 under the bust, j. s. & a. b. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. Mf. GILL • college. MONTREAL Within an ornamented cross shaks- 
 pere I TERCENTENARY | 1 864 The top and bottom of the cross are round and 
 the sides pointed. The angles are filled with ornamental scrolls. At the top 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 43 
 
 
 At 
 
 the 
 
 ges- 
 
 ege 
 
 eft ; 
 
 top 
 
 are the arms and motto of the College ; below is a ribbon inscribed for 
 F.NGi.isH I.ITKRATUUK. Size 46 m. R 4. 
 
 The institution of this medal may be ascribed to Mr. T. D. King, who is an enthu- 
 siastic admirer of Shakespere. He advertised a meeting for the purpose of striking a 
 medal in honor of Shakespere's tercentenary. Finding himself the only one present at 
 the meeting, he constituted himself Chairman and Secretary, passed a series of resolu- 
 tions, and carrying out these resolutions, soon had sufficient funds collected with which 
 to defray the expenses connected with the founding of this medal. 
 
 CLXVI. Obv. innOKPATHZ Bust of Hippocrates to the left; under 
 
 the bust, C. F. CARTKR SCUI.l'. 
 
 Rev. IN MKMORiAM ANDREyE F. HOLMES M. I). LL. D. Within a Wreath of 
 laurel, facultas | medkin^e | donavit At the top the arms of the College, 
 with a ribbon inscribed universitas m':gill monte regio. 
 
 Founded in 1864 by the Medical Faculty in honor of Dr. Holmes, who was for 
 many years Dean of the Faculty. The medal is awarded to the highest student in the 
 Graduating Class. The art on this medal is good, but the finish is not equal to those 
 struck by Wyon. 
 
 CLXVII. Obv. • GUILIELMUS SUTHERLAND M. !).♦ OH. MDCCCLXXV Head 
 
 to the left, with a small tuft of beard under the chin. Under the head, c. f. 
 carter sc. 
 
 Rev. AD SCIENTIAS CHEMICAS EXCOLENDAS CATH. SUTHERLAND INST. Within 
 
 a wreath of maple leaves, universitas | m^gill | pr/emium | in | facultate | 
 MEDicTN.i-: At the top the arms of the College. Size 42 m. R 4. 
 
 This, with the last, the one following and No. CLXI, were engraved by Carter, 
 and they seem to be the only medals he has so far struck for Canada. They are well 
 executed, especially the one under consideration. It was given by Mrs. Sutherland in 
 memory of her late husband, Prof. William Sutherland, M. D., for competition in classes 
 of theoretical and practical chemistry in the Faculty.of Medicine. 
 
 CLXVIII. Obv. NIL sine magno labore Helmeted head of Minerva 
 to the left. Resting on the drapery on the neck is a snake. Under the head, 
 c F carter sc. 
 
 Rev. A slender wreath of laurel enclosing hoc premium | ingenii bene 
 cuLTi j regia: schol^*: | montis regalis | donavit d. Davidson | tulit At 
 the top the arms of McGill College. Size 40 m. R 5. 
 
 Mr. Davidson was for many years President of the Bank of Montreal, but having 
 been offered the position of Manager of the Bank of Scotland, he resigned his position 
 in Montreal and has since resided, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He still continues his 
 annual gift of this medal in gold to the High School, Montreal. When the Protestant 
 Board of School Commissioners was organized, the High School was handed over to 
 their control by the Governors of McGill College. The same dies with the College 
 arms are retained for the medal given under the Commissioners. 
 
44 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CLXIX. Ol)V. I'ROTKSTANT HOARD OK SCHOOL COMMISSIONERS FOR THE 
 
 CITY OF MONTRFAi,»|< Two shields ; the one to the left beariiiLj the arms of 
 the Province of (Jucbec, and that to the right those of the city of Montreal. 
 Around the shields are festoons of fruit and fancy scroll work ; to the right 
 of the scroll work, j. s. «< a. it. wvon. 
 
 Rev. « men school of montkkai, •» wiiiiam murray pri/k . foundek 
 1874 Within a wreath of laurel, for | cfnfrai. | proficiency | in | school | 
 STUDIES Under the wreath, y. s. & a. 11. wvon. Size 5"] m. R 4. 
 
 Mr. Murray in his will left provision that a prize should be founded, to be presented 
 annually to the Boys' High School. The Commissioners decided that the prize should 
 be in the form of a silver medal ; dies were therefore ordered from the Messrs. Wyon. 
 A second prize in the shape of a bronze medal is also offered. 
 
 CLXX. Obv. Sanie as the last. 
 
 Rev. * high school for girls • Montreal ♦ founded 1875 Within a 
 wreath of laurel, for | general | I'Roficiency | in school | .studies Under 
 the wreath, j. s. & a. n. wvon. Size 57 m. R 4. 
 
 This medal varies but slightly from the last, the only difference being in the 
 inscription. The Commissioners considered that as the Boys' High Cchool had two 
 medals, it would be well to provide something in the direction of awards for the Girls' 
 High School; they therefore founded this medal in 1875. 
 
 CLXXI. Obv. Same as CLXIX. 
 
 Rev. FOR general proficiency in school studies * A wreath of laurel 
 enclosing a plain centre ; under the wreath, j. s. s; a. n. wvon. Size 57 m. R 4. 
 
 This variety is intended to be competed for in each of the common schools under 
 charge of the Commissioners. It also differs from CLXIX only in the inscription on 
 the reverse. The centre is left plain, that the name of the school may be engraved 
 thereon, as well as that of the winning scholar. The design displayed on these three 
 medals seems to lack the high art common to the medals struck by the Messrs. Wyon. 
 
 CLXXIL Obv. JOHN FUorHiNGHAM Naked bust, with side whiskers, to 
 the left ; on the truncated part of the bust, j. moore f. 
 
 Rev. A heavy wreath of maple leaves enclosing the | British [ and | 
 CANADIAN I school Size 5o m. R 5. 
 
 John Frothingham was for a long time one of our prominent hardware merchants, 
 and although he has been dead some years, the firm of Frothingham & Workman, of 
 which he was the head, still continues to do a flourishing business. The British and 
 Canadian School is the longest established of any common school in Montreal ; it also 
 has passed under control of the Commissioners. The medal is still presented annually 
 in bronze by the executors of the estate. 
 
 CLXXIIL Obv. Head of the Prince of Wales to the left ; under the 
 head, caque. f | graveur de s. m. l empereur 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 45 
 
 ider 
 
 on 
 
 Lved 
 
 Ihree 
 
 •n. 
 
 ;, to 
 
 uits, 
 |n, of 
 
 and 
 lalso 
 ially 
 
 the 
 
 Rev. Inscription in the field, kduardus ai.hicrtus | princeps iamhri.i-:| 
 
 I'ROVINCIAM (ANADKASEM | FAUSTA I'K.ESKNTIA i:0\(H<ATAM | I'ERI.USTRANS | IN 
 UNAQUAQUE NoRMAI.I SCIIOI.A | I'R.KMIUM IN SINCULOS ANNOS | MUNIKICE INSTI- 
 lUIT. A. 1), MDCCCI.X. } IN SCIIOI.A | MEK ET CONS | A. I). 1 8 
 
 Size 55 ni. R 5. 
 
 This is one of a number of munificent gifts by the Prince of Wales, presented to 
 Canadian educational institutions durinji his visit in i860. The Hon. 1*. J. J. O. Cha- 
 veau was at that time Deputy Minister of lulucation for Canada East, and he ordered 
 the dies to be enjjraved by the chief French medallist. The face is beardless and has 
 apparently somewhat of a French cast. 
 
 CLXXIV. Ohv. X I'REsiiYTERiAN foLi.EGEK MONTREAi, Vlevv of the Col- 
 lege builciing. It is of Norman architecture, with a wedge-shaped tower. 
 On ground work to right, v, 11 loveit. 
 
 Rev. X CHRISTINA prize x FOUNDED 1 874 Inscription, alternating with 
 
 three bars in centre, awarded to | | for | | session | 
 
 Size 45 m. R 5. 
 
 I This medal was presented in silver by Mr. Sandham, calling it the Christina prize, 
 
 in honor of his wife. The dies are by G. H. Lovett of New York. 
 
 CLXXV. Obv. JOHN CALVIN 1 509- 1 564.. Bust of Calvin to the right, 
 with cap and drapery ; under the bust, j. <: a. h. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. * preshvtkrian C()I.le(;e • montkkai. At the top of the field, .stu- 
 dents PRIZE I FOUNDED 18/2 Size 39 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal was founded by general subscription among the students. The Pres- 
 byterian College was organized about ten years ago as a Divinity Hall, and is affiliated 
 with McGill University. 
 
 CLXX\n. Ohv. + calvary concjregational church Montreal + or- 
 ganized 1874 Building as in Clv\n I ; on ground work, erected 1876 
 
 Rev. CONGREG.VTIONAL COLLEGE OF li. N. A. MONTREAL FOUNDED A. D. 1 839 
 
 A triangular shield surmounted by a crown ; on the shield is a Latin cross, 
 and an open book inscribed di | sci | te. | a. | me. Underneath the shield is 
 a ribbon inscribed summum. .studium in vita jesu meditari Size 45 m. R 2. 
 
 The design on the obverse of this medal is the same as that of CLVH. The 
 church having adopted the name of Calvary instead of Western, the old die was altered. 
 A copy of the deed of gift will be found in the Anticjnarian, Vol. VH, page 21. This 
 medal has been awarded annually in silver since 1878. 
 
 CLXXVII. Olm. EDWARD MURPHY DONOR FOUNDED A : D : 1 873. Head 
 to the left, with moustache and full side whiskers. Under the head, j. s. & 
 
 A. H. WYON 
 
 Rev. catholic commercial academy Montreal Within a wreath of 
 maple leaves, for the | encouragement | of | commercial | education with 
 a shamrock above and a beaver below. Size 45 m. R 3. 
 
 ; 
 
46 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 Mr. Murphy is a member of the firm of Frothingham & Workman, the head of 
 which founded the medal for the British and Canadian School. I have given a full 
 account of this medal in Vol. V., page 186 of the Antiquarian. 
 
 CLXXVIII. Obv. ALBERT EDWARD PRINCE OF WAT,ES Head of the 
 prince to the left. Under the head, j. s. wyon sc. 
 
 Rev. bishop's college • lennoxvji.i.e ■ Canada prize fovnded by h. r. h. 
 THE PRINCE OF WALES 1860. A triangular shield surmounted by a bishop's 
 mitre. The shield has a Latin cross, with an open book in the centre, below 
 the shield, is a ribbon inscribed recti cvi.tvs pectora roborant The shield 
 rests on a back ground of lattice work. Size 46 m. R 5. 
 
 Lennoxville is a small village about a hundred miles east of Montreal. The aim 
 in establishing this college was to make the place a kind of Canadian Oxford. So far 
 the village has little if any of the true classical atmosphere, while the college is hardly 
 known beyond its precincts, save as a training school for boys. The reverse of this 
 medal is the most beautiful of the Canadian series. 
 
 CLXXIX, Obv. natura fortis industria crescit. View of the citadel 
 of Quebec, with a ship under full sail in the distance. In the foreground is a 
 female figure seated to the right. Her left hand is extended, while she holds a 
 cornucopia ; in her right, before her, is a beaver, and behind a beehive ; at 
 her side is a shield, with a lion to the left. On the groundwork is j. moore 
 
 Rev. HIGH school of QUEBEC Within a wreath of maple leaves, the | 
 henry fry I ENGLISH | PRIZE. Size 45 m. R 5. 
 
 Henry Fry is a merchant who amassed considerable wealth in the lumber business 
 in Quebec, and his name has long been associated with Quebec enterprise. This medal 
 is by the same artist as the Frothingham medal, J. Moore, of Birmingham. I do not 
 know ot his having prepared any other dies for Canadian medals. The design is chaste 
 and highly creditable to the artist. 
 
 CLXXX. Obv. UNiVERSiTE LAVAL QUEBEC. Within an inner circle, 
 DEO . favente • iiAUD • PLURiBus • iMPAR Between palm branches is a shield 
 .quartered ; in the upper left is a Latin cross, in the lower a balance ; in the 
 upper right an open book, and in the lower a snake twining round a rod. 
 From behind the cross issue upwards a number of rays, among them a Maltese 
 cross and four dots. 
 
 Rev. PRIX DE POESiE FRAN9AISE A wreath of laurel enclosing a plain 
 field ; at the top, within two palm branches, a shield bearing an open book. 
 Size 40 m. R 4. 
 
 This medal is by Lovett, and seems both in design and execution much inferior to 
 his later works. It is presented annually in gold, silver, and bronze, for competition 
 among the students for the best poems in the French language. Sandham, in his 
 Supplement, No. 57, describes another similar medal with the inscription, " Prix d'elocu- 
 tion." I am confident that no medal of this description has ever been struck. 
 
 
 BER 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 47 
 
 lain 
 iok. 
 
 |r to 
 
 tion 
 his 
 
 )CU- 
 
 CLXXXI. Obv. i'r.*:mivm demers his. vtere. dei.iciis A hermit's cave, 
 with a hermit seated to the left reading a large volume ; in front of him is an 
 antique lamp. The groundwork is inscribed black, starr & frost n. v. 
 
 Rev. BACCAi.AVREVs. IN. ARTiBvs IN SEMiNARio QVEBECENSi Within a Wreath 
 of laurel, magistri | memor | discipvlvs Size 45 m. R 6. 
 
 The hermit and his cave in this medal are poorly executed, showing that it must be 
 the work of an inferior artist. This is called the O'Reilly Medal, and is given annually 
 in gold to the highest member of the graduating class in Laval University. 
 
 CLXXXII. Obv. DANIEL SUTHERLAND AND MARGARET ROBERTSON. Ex. 
 
 INTERMARRIED | I- SEPTEMBER 1 78 1 Two hands, clasped, holding a torch 
 over a square altar. 
 
 ReZK TO I CELEBRATE | THE | FIFTIETH | ANNIVERSARY | QUEBEC | SEPTEM- 
 BER I 1831 within a circle of true-lovers' knots. Size 39 m. R 6. 
 
 The specimen from which this description is taken is in the collection of Mr. 
 Cyrille Tessier of Quebec. He prizes it highly, not only as a Canadian numismatic 
 rarity, but also as a memento of the venerable pair of whom he is a descendant. The 
 medal came into his possession from a relative who took part in the festivities connected 
 with the golden wedding. 
 
 CLXXXIII. Obv. A large maple leaf occupying the whole field, upon 
 which is inscribed within a beaded circle, fete national Montreal. | 24 
 
 JUIN I 1874 
 
 Rev. SOUVENIR within a wreath of maple leaves. At the bottom is a 
 beaver facing to the right. Size 31m. R 2. 
 
 The dies were prepared by Mr. J. D. Scott for Mr. Narcisse Beaudry, who sold a 
 considerable number in different metals on the occasion of the first Convention of 
 French Canadian National Societies, gathered from different parts of this continent. 
 
 CLXXXIV. Obv. EX mkmoire dk la fete ,st. jean baptist 1870. 
 John the Baptist seated on a rock, with a crusader's staff in his left hand and 
 a jamb behind him ; under the groundwork, agnus dei 
 
 Rev. .souvenir du grand jubile musical montrf:al. A cornet within 
 a beaded circle. Above, 22 juin below, 1878. Size 17 m. R 6. 
 
 Designed by Mr. Bishop for Mr. Lymburner, who after having struck off one 
 impression, had the die altered. Hence, although the difference between it and the 
 following is slight, this may be classed as one of the rarest medals of the series. 
 
 CLXXXV. Obv. As the last, except that the groundwork is larger, and 
 that the agnus dei is placed thereon with the letters farther apart. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Size 20 m. R 4. 
 
 The second Convention of French Canadian National Societies was varied by a 
 grand competition between about a dozen brass bands from different places in Canada 
 and the United States ; the reverse therefore relates to that part of the entertainment. 
 
 
48 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CLXXXVI. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As CLXXXIV with the exception that there is a 21 before the 22 
 juiN Size 20 m. R 2. 
 
 As the musical performance commenced on the 21st, Mr. Lymburner after about 
 a hundred impressions had been struck off had the die altered, so that the medals could 
 be sold on both days of the competition. 
 
 CLXXXVII. Obv. Same as CLXXXV. 
 
 Rev. Within a wreath of slender maple leaves, at the top, souvenir 
 Size 20 in. R 2. 
 
 Although organized by the same Committee, the yubilee Musical was held on 
 different days from the great St. Jean Baptiste day procession ; this new reverse was 
 accordingly engraved, that special medals might be sold to those who took part in the 
 procession. 
 
 CLXXXVIII. Obv. Same as the reverse of CLXXXVI. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Size 20 m. R 2. 
 
 Before this variety was struck the competition had terminated, so that although it 
 is one of the commonest of the series, it cannot be considered anything more than a 
 mule piece. ' 
 
 CLXXXIX. Obv. • I'ETK NATioNAi.E (,)UEUEC 2\ JUIN 1880 A beavcr 
 to the left on a stick of maple ; the stick has one or two branches with leaves 
 attached. 
 
 Rev. SOUVENIR within a wreath of maple leaves. Size 19 m. R 2. 
 
 Struck by Mr. Lymburner and sold by him on the occasion of the National Con- 
 vention at Quebec in 1880. 
 
 CXC. Obv. SOCIETE .S' JEAN HAI'TISTE DE QUEBEC NOS INSTITUTIONS NOTRE 
 
 LANGUE ET NOS LOIS John the Baptist draped in a hairy skin with his right 
 hand raised. In his left he holds a crusader's staff surmounted by a double 
 cross ; on either side are two sprigs of maple leaves tied with a ribbon. 
 
 Rev. SOUVENIR DE LA CONVENTION NATIONALS DU 24 JUIN Ex. 1 880 A' 
 
 man standing, with an axe resting on a stump in his right hand, while he holds 
 in his left a flag inscribed, emparons nous | du sol At his feet is a scythe 
 and rake ; behind him a plow and spade. Below is a ribbon inscribed, labor 
 iMPROBUs omnia vincit. Resting on a ribbon is a beaver to the left. Size 38. 
 R 2. . . ' ■ 
 
 This medal was struck in New York for the Quebec St. jfean Baptiste Society, and 
 is the only medal of this group which was issued officially. It is in execution far ahead 
 of those issued as private enterprises for sale to spectators on the day of the procession. 
 
 CXCI. Obv. ■ NOS INSTITUTIONS, NOTRE LANGUE, NOS LOIS, SOCIETE sT JEAN 
 
 BAPTISTE. John the Baptist as in the last. The stafif has only one cross, no 
 ribbon tying sprigs ; on ground work, de ; under it, Quebec 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 49 
 
 Rev. + SOUVENIR HE LA CONVENTION NATIONALE DU 24JUIN+ Ex. 1880 
 
 A man with tuque on his head holding an axe in his right hand. In his left 
 he holds a flag inscribed, emparons | nous du | sol The axe and his right 
 foot each rest on a log of wood. Behind him is a plow, with mountains in the 
 distance ; under the groundwork is a ribbon inscribed, lahor improbus omnia 
 VINCIT ; below is a beaver to the left with a sprig of maple leaves in his mouth. 
 Size 38 m. R 2. 
 
 Ky Mr. Bishop for Mr. Richard of Quebec, who sold them in opposition to the 
 official medal. The execution is inferior. The position of the figures is anything but 
 natural. 
 
 CXCII. Olw. socip:te st jeax haptiste de quebec A wreath of maple 
 leaves with a beaver resting at the bottom. 
 
 Rev. CONVENTION N.\TioNALE 24 juix 1 880. Across the centre of the 
 field, SOUVENIR Size 30 m. R 2. 
 
 Struck at Quebec, by whom I have not been able to learn. The design is simple, 
 and considering that it is the only medal emanating from the ancient capital, the execu- 
 tion is fair. This was also sold on the occasion of the National Convention. 
 
 CXCIII. Obv. ROM. CATH^ TEMPERANCE ASSOCLVITOX Ex. REV. P. PHELAN, 
 
 Pres. I montrp:al. Feb. 23. 1840 Arms, consisting of a shield, with a lamb to 
 the right above, and a radiated i h s below. Crest, A radiated cross sur- 
 rounded by the word pledge Supporters, To the right a man with flag 
 inscribed sobriety ; to the left a woman with domestic comfort on her flag. 
 A rose, shamrock, and thistle on the groundwork. 
 
 Rev. O MARY, conceived without sin, PRAY FOR US | WFIO HAVE RE- 
 COURSE TO THEE, THAT | WE CHASTE & TEMPERATE BE. Ex. J. ARNAULT. The 
 
 Virgin Mary standing on a globe, in the acf of trampling on a serpent. The 
 globe is inscribed Canada with the letter M and a cross in front. Size 44 m. 
 R 6. 
 
 The engraver, whose name appears on this medal, is the same as has been men- 
 tioned in connection with the Molson and rebellion tokens. A full account of this and 
 the following temperance medals I have given in Vol. VIII, page 51, of the Canadian 
 Antignai'tan. 
 
 CXCIV. Obv. IN HOC siGNo viNCEs Arms as in the last, but the lamb 
 is to the left. The word Pledge is wanting round the cross. The supporter 
 to the right is a woman, with a flag inscribed la felicite | domestique The 
 man to the left, with flag inscribed la sobriete ; over the man's head an 
 angel hovers with a crown of laurel. Seated at the foot of a platform are two 
 children ; under the groundwork, uavis birm. 
 
 Rev. SOCIETE d'aBSTINENCE complete A CORK LE TRES REVEREND T. 
 
 mathenv, PRESIDENT A Greek cross occupying the whole field, inscribed 
 
 ! 
 
 [ 1 
 
 
50 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 I'ROMESSE I JE rkOMETS | I)E | m'aBSTENIR | DE TOUTE | SORTE DE BOISSON ENI- 
 VRANTH I EXCEI'TE EK CAS DE MALADIE | ET I'AR ORDRE d'uN MEDECIN | JE 
 I'ROME'IS EN AUTRE d'eVITER | TOUT | CE QUE PUT | CONDUIRE | A | l'iNTEM- 
 
 PERANCE. In the upper left angle, etablte; in the right. 19 avril | 1838 
 Size 44 m. R 5. 
 
 The design is identical with, and the inscription is a faithful rendering in French 
 of that on the medals given by Father Mathew in Ireland to his converts, showing that 
 the temperance reform among the French Canadians was the result of the movement 
 inaugurated by Father Mathew in Ireland. 
 
 CXCV. Odv. Ex. s"^ jean John the Baptist standing with his right hand 
 raised ; in his left he holds a crusader's staff. At his left is a lamb, with 
 plants to his right. 
 
 Rev. temperance Ex. lb Two sprigs of maple leaves with a beaver 
 to the right resting thereon. Brass. Size 31m. R 5. 
 
 As this medal bears no date, I am unable to tell at what time it was issued. It is 
 evidently the work of a Canadian engraver, the L. B. representing the initials of some 
 forgotten artist. 
 
 CXCVI. Obv. IL NE boira ne vin ne aucune ijqueur enivrante 
 John the Baptist holding in his left hand a crusader's staff, from which a ribbon 
 is suspended inscribed temperance ; to his left is a stone, and at his right are 
 plants growing. Underneath is a beaver resting on two sprigs of maple 
 leaves ; under the groundwork, davis birm. 
 
 Rev. JE.SUS ABREUVE DE FIEI, ET DE VINAIGRE AYEZ PITIE DE NOUS. Ex. 
 
 JE SERAI TOUJOUR | FiDELE | A MA PROMESSE The crucifixion, with the Virgin 
 standing to the left adoring. To the right is a Roman soldier in the act of 
 raising a sponge on a pole. In the background is a Doric building. Size 
 40 m. R 3. 
 
 John the Baptist is used here as a double emblem. As a Nazarite, and therefore a 
 total abstainer, he represents temperance ; and as the national .saint, represents the 
 French Canadian nationality. 
 
 CXCVII. Obv. MARIE JESUS JOSEPH Ex. SOYEZ FIDELE JUSQU'a LA 
 
 mort The Virgin Mary to the left and Joseph to the right, with the child 
 Jesus between. 
 
 Rev. IN X HOC K siGNO X vinces At the top is a tablet inscribed et 
 voTRE AME SERA PERCEE d'un GLAIVE ; under the tablet is a heart pierced 
 with a dagger and decked with a garland. Above the heart, sacre cceur ; 
 below, DE MARIE Inscription, in lower part of field, pour l'amour de jesus 
 
 CRUCIFIE I JE serai toujour FIDELE | A l'eNGAGEMENT QUE j'aI PRIS | DANS LA 
 
 sociETE DE I TEMPERANCE In the midst of the inscription is a cross ; below, a 
 beaver to the left resting on two sprigs of maple leaves. Size 40 m. R 3. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISiMAlICS. 
 
 5» 
 
 1 
 
 This medal was issued during the temperance reformation that was inaugurated by 
 the preaching of Father Chiniquy about the year 1853. Father Chiniquy is still cele- 
 brated as a preacher. Having formed a flourishing settlement of French Canadians at 
 Kankakee, 111., he officiated to them acceptably as parish priest. And when he gave up 
 his connection with the Church of Rome, and accepted the Presbyterian doctrines, most 
 of the settlers followed him. He now takes a prominent position in all works tending 
 towards evangelizing the French Car adians. 
 
 •:^ 
 
 CXCVIII. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the heart dififers slightly in shape, while the 1 iu 
 IN HOC \a opposite p in pour ; in the last it is lower. Size 40 m. R 6. 
 
 The reverse of this is not so well executed as that of the last, from which I would 
 infer that the old reverse die had become useless and a new one had been ordered from 
 an inferior engraver. This variety is very scarce. I only know of one specimen. 
 
 '. 1! 
 
 LA 
 
 Ihild 
 
 ET 
 
 ked 
 
 JK ; 
 
 LSUS 
 LA 
 
 a 
 
 CXCIX. Obv. Similar to CXCVI, but the name of the engraver is 
 wanting. 
 
 Rev. As CXCVI, but hardly so well executed. Size 40. R i. 
 
 Struck from dies prepared by Mr. Bishop for Mr. Lymburner, for a Temperance 
 Society at Lpchine. This medal is much inferior to the one of Birmingham workman- 
 ship, from which it has been copied. 
 
 CC. Obv. * s"" Patrick's total abstinence society .Montreal * e.sta? 
 FEB. 2\'-Z 1 84 1 Arms as in CXCIV ; the woman is also being crowned with* 
 a laurel wreath ; her flag has domestic | comfort and the man's, sobriety 
 There is no rose or thistle on the groundwork. Above the arms is in hoc 
 siGNO viNCES On the platform, under the shield, j. d. scorr | eng. ; attached 
 to the lower part of the medal is a ribbon inscribed temperance, charity, 
 religion. 
 
 Rev. Plain. Size 44. R 4. 
 
 This is by the same artist who engraved those of the Medal struck for the Numis- 
 matic and Antiquarian Society. This Medal is intended to be worn by members at 
 their meetings and when in procession. 
 
 CCI. Obv. ST. PATRICKS TOTAL ABSTINENCE SOCIETY MONTREAL- ESTA" 
 
 FEB, 2 1^.^ 1841. Design as last, except that the engraver's name is wanting 
 and the letters j. d. s. occur under the man's feet. 
 
 Struck in 1880, the die of the previous Medal having been broken after about 
 twenty impressions had been struck off. 
 
 ecu. Obv. O MARIE CONCUE SANS PECHE PRIEZ POUR NOUS ( QUI AVONS 
 
 RKCcniRS A vous Ex. 1830 The figure of the Virgin standing on a globe ; 
 from each hand rays extend. 
 
 ! 
 
 I* ' 
 
 II 
 
 \\ 
 
 
 '.ill 1 1 
 
52 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 Rev. Ex. GROTHE. The letter M surmounted by a cross ; underneath, a 
 heart pierced with a dagger ; the whole surrounded by twelve stars. Shape, 
 oval. Size 20 m. by 25 m. R 6. 
 
 Grothe, whose name appears on this Medal, had at that time an extensive silver- 
 smith's establishment. The dies are said to have been engraved by Baume, who pre- 
 pared the plates for many of the shin-plasters that circulated in 1837 ; we may therefore 
 class it as the earliest medal of purely Canadian workmanship. 
 
 ecu I. Obv. MARIE coN^uE SANS PECHE PRiEZ POUR NOUS The Virgin 
 standing on a cloud with rays extending from each hand. 
 
 Rev. KNFANTS DE MARIE DE LA CONGREGATION DE N. D. DE MONTREAL 
 
 M A in monogram surrounded by rays ; above, a circle of nine stars. Oval. 
 Size 19 m. by 23 m. R 5. 
 
 Some thousands of this Medal were struck by Mr. Narcisse Beaudry, a jeweller, 
 he having imported the dies from Paris. These Medals are sold by the nuns to the 
 girls attending their school, who are induced to join a Society called the Children of 
 Mary. 
 
 CCIV. Obv. o MARIE CONCUE .SANS PECHE PRIEZ p NOUS Within a 
 beaded oval the figure of the Virgin standing on a globe. From each hand 
 rays extend. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last, groundwork frosted. Shape, a square with the 
 top and bottom forming an arc of a circle. Size 22 m. by 30 m. R 3. 
 
 • The dies of the previous Medal having given out, a stock of these Medals were 
 
 ordered by the nuns from Paris, and silver impressions sold to members as they joined 
 the Society. 
 
 CCV. Obv. pelerInage • de • pIete • a • si? anne • de • heaui'RE Ex. pa- 
 TRONNE I DU | CANADA j 1 877 Corner view of the old church at St. Anne's, 
 with houses and trees in the rear. The foliage is represented by a number of 
 dots. 
 
 Rev. A wreath of maple leaves with a bird at top. Within the wreath, 
 near the top, souvenIr Size 30 m. R 3. 
 
 Mr. Torcapel, who engraved the dies for this medal, is anything but a first class 
 artist. The dots for foliage remind one of the old Saxon coins, and the dotted capital I's 
 are after the manner of the amateur sign painters occasionally met with among our 
 •^French Canadian citizens. 
 
 CCVI. Obv. PATRONNE SAINTE ANNE. DU CANADA Ex. 1 877. Two fe- 
 males seated, the one to the right, who seems to be the elder, appears to be 
 instructing the other from a roll. 
 
 MeV. PELERINAGE DE PIETE A .S'l' ANNE DE BEAUPRE ♦ Ex. FONDE EN| 
 
 1660 Church similar to the last, but better executed ; the foliage is better 
 represented. Size 30 m. R 2. 
 
 EN I 
 R3. 
 
:lass 
 
 I's 
 
 our 
 
 fe- 
 be 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 53 
 
 Issued by Mr. Lymburner, who disposed of a large number to the pilgrims who 
 resort to St. Anne's to pay their religious devotions. The dies, as also those of the four 
 following, are by Mr. Bishop. 
 
 CCVII. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. PELERINAGE • DE • I'lETE • A • LA • BONNE . S" ANNE * AcfOSS the tOp 
 
 of the field .souvenir Size 30 m. R 2. 
 
 Ste. Anne de Beaupre has been celebrated for many years as a place where it is 
 asserted that miraculous cures have been performed. The old church is festooned with 
 the crutches of those who no longer required their help after a visit to this place. It is 
 only during the past few years that it has become a place of resort for great crowds of 
 pilgrims. 
 
 CCVIII. Obv. SAINTE ANNE PATRONNE DE LA PROVINCE DE QUEBEC 1 877 
 
 Two females as in CCVI. 
 
 Rev. SOUVENIR DE PELERINAOE A SAINTE ANNE DE BEAUPRE Ex. FONDE 
 
 EN I 1660 Church as in CCVI. Shape, a pointed oval. Size 14 m. by 22 m. 
 
 From this inscription we would infer that St. Anne had become the patron saint of 
 this Province. Such is not the case. This inscription is used by the medallist that his 
 wares may be the more readily sold to the pilgrims. 
 
 CCIX. Obv. As the last, except that the bench on which the women are 
 seated extends a short distance on either side of their bodies. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Pointed oval. Size 14 m. by 22 m. R 2. 
 
 . This was struck in place of the previous Medal, the dies having given out. The 
 demand for them seems to have increased each year as the place came into greater 
 repute as the resort of pilgrims. 
 
 CCX. Obv. PATRONNK SAINTE ANNE. DU CANADA Ex. 1 877 WomeH 
 
 seated as in CCVI. A flower in an ornamental pot in front. 
 Rev. Similar to CCVI. Size 32 m. R 3. 
 
 Struck for Mr. Richard of Quebec, who entered for a single variety as a competitor 
 for this trade with the pilgrims. The design and execution of this Medal, although by the 
 same artist, is an improvement on those issued by Mr. Lymburner. 
 
 CCXI. Obv. o BONNE s£ ANNE PRiEZ POUR NOUS Two Women as in 
 CCVI. 
 
 Rev. PELERINAGE A .s? ANNE DE BEAUPRE View of the new St. Anne's 
 Church. Oval. Size 28 m. by 38 m. R 3. 
 
 This with the two following Medals were struck in Paris for Mr. Demerais of 
 Montreal. He sold them at his store in the village of Ste. Anne de Beaupre. This is the 
 only Medal having a representation of the new church lately erected at the shrine of 
 St. Anne's. 
 
 i 
 
 * 
 
 w 
 
54 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCXII. Obv. s? ANNE ET MARIE s? ANNE DE BEAUPRE A female to the 
 right seated on a chair, instructing one who is standing before her. Below is 
 a winged head. 
 
 Rev. ccEURS DE JESUS ET DE MARIE Two hearts with flames issuing from 
 their tops, the one to the right is pierced with a dagger ; above is a crown. 
 Oval. Size 18 m. by 22 m. R 3. 
 
 Mr. Demerais seems to have disposed of a great number of these pieces, driving 
 the other traders out of the market by being able to undersell them. 
 
 CCXII I. Obv. s. ANNE ET MARIE s. ANNE DE BEAUPRE Design as last. 
 Rev. As the last. Oval. Size i5 m. by 18 m. R 3. 
 
 The church and shrine of Ste. Anne de Beanpre having come under the control of 
 the Redemptorist Fathers, the Medals are sold by their agents only. 
 
 CCXIV. Obv. REV° I JA*! SOMERVILl^E | MONTREAL | 1 803 
 
 Rev. DO THIS IN I REMEMBRANCE | OF ME Oval. Size 34 m. by 40 m. R 5. 
 
 The Rev. James Somerville was pastor of St. Gabriel Street Presbyterian Church 
 for many years. When he died he left a sum of money to the Natural History Society, 
 to found a course of lectures, which lectures have been delivered annually ever since. 
 This is the oldest Canadian communion token, and remained in use until the removal 
 of the congregation to their new edifice in i860. 
 
 CCXV. Obv. • KNOX CHURCH M(^NTREAI, • 
 
 Rev. DO THIS IN I REMEMBRANCE | OF ME Size 30 m. R 3. 
 
 This token was used after the removal of the congregation from their building in 
 St. Gabriel Street. The immediate cause of the removal was the unfavorable termina- 
 tion of the lawsuit between them and the Church of Scotland, which had been pending 
 since 1846, when this congregation took part in the Free Church secession. 
 
 CCXVI. Obv. S'. PAULS I CHURCH I MONTREAL | 1 833 • E. B. 
 
 Rev. I • CORINTHIANS | XI 28 29 Shape, a six-pointed star. Size 32 m. 
 R 5. 
 
 The initials " E. B." are those of the Rev. E. Black, who was pastor of that church 
 at the time of the issue of this token. He was a preacher of considerable eloquence 
 and of great influence during those troublesome times in Montreal. 
 
 CCXVII. Obv. s^ Andrew's church Montreal A communion table 
 inscribed do this in | remembrance | of me. On the table are two wine 
 cups and a plate of bread. 
 
 Rev. NEC tamen consumebatur and a burning bush between two palm 
 branches. Size 28. R 2. 
 
 St. Andrew's Church is one of the oldest Presbyterian congregations in Montreal ; 
 and when the different sections of that body united as the Presbyterian Church of 
 Canada, it held out and still retains its connection with the Church of Scotland. I be- 
 lieve there was an earlier token, but not having seen one, I am unable to describe it. 
 
in 
 
 le 
 ne 
 
 Im 
 
 al; 
 of 
 be- 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 55 
 
 CCXVIII. Obv. Communion table inscribed as the last. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Size 28. R 3. 
 
 The name of the church using this token is stamped on the obverse. I have one 
 with the name of st mark's church in indented letters stamped on it. There are a 
 number of other varieties of these tokens in use among the Presbyterian churches, but 
 as they have no special reference to this Province, or even to Canada, I do not consider 
 it necessary to describe them here. 
 
 PROVINCE OF ONTARIO. 
 
 Although Ontario is the most populous Province of the Dominion, its 
 list of coins and medals is much shorter than that of Quebec. This paucity 
 of coins attributable to the western Province, is owing to the fact that during 
 the times when the currency was unsettled, and when the importation and 
 issue of private tokens was not interfered with, her population was propor- 
 tionately much smaller and mainly rural, while the wealth and business enter- 
 prise was centred in the cities of the Province of Quebec. 
 
 CCXIX. Obv. FERTILITATEM UIVITIAS QUE CIRCUMFERREMUS. in iucused 
 
 letters on a raised border. Ex. 1 794 A river god to the right reclining, 
 with his right arm resting on an urn, from which water flows. In his left 
 hand he holds a four-pointed spear. Behind him is a growth of flags, with 
 fields in the distance. To the left on the ground- work ponthon 
 
 Rev. ONE HALF PENNY • Within an inner circle in the field copper j com- 
 pany I OF upper I CANADA Copper. Size 29 m. R 6. 
 
 This is the earliest coin struck for Canada subsequent to the Conquest. The 
 execution of the piece is of a high order, similar to the better class of the eighteenth 
 century tokens. Copper mining commenced in this country at an early date ; but of the 
 company here noticed 1 have not been able to learn anything. It is likely one of a series 
 of evanescent companies that worked the copper-bearing rocks north of Lake Huron. 
 Copper mining in that region has been for many years intermittent. There seems 
 never to have been any issue of this token for circulation, as no specimen has ever been 
 met with here in change, nor do any of the older collections include an impression 
 among their lists of rarities. The only known examples are proofs that have come from 
 some Enghsh numismatist. 
 
 CCXX. Obv. BRITISH settlement KENTUCKY. £ix. 1796. The god- 
 dess of Liberty to the left standing, with a staff surmounted by a liberty cap 
 in her left hand. Her right hand is extended towards two naked children, 
 who are presented to her by their mother. To the left of the goddess is a 
 cornucopia ; in front of her a plant, and in the back-ground an anchor. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 29 m. R 6. 
 
 This is a mule-piece, the obverse belonging to the Myddelton Kentucky token, — a 
 coin struck no doubt for some English colonizauon society. This, like the former one, 
 
5(> 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 is rare, never having gone into general circulation : they both are really English trade 
 tokens of the eighteenth century, and are no doubt from the hands of the same engra- 
 ver, as are the one penny and one cent piece of Sierra Leone, to which they bear a 
 close resemblance. Proofs of these latter coins are sold at from one to two shillings in 
 London, while the copper company pieces bring from fifteen to twenty dollars. If the 
 dies are still in existence, as the fact that these proof mule-pieces turn up so regularly 
 would seem to indicate, they have been carefully manipulated, to keep up the price so well. 
 
 CCXXI. Odv. LESSLIE & SONS YORK KINGSTON & DUNDAS. JustlcC tO the 
 
 right, standing with a pair of scales in her left hand and a sword in her right. 
 
 Rev. . PROSPERITY TO CANADA LA PRUDENCE ET LA CANDEUR. A plow 
 
 to the left, one bar connecting the handles : the lower handle is opposite the 
 last A in CANADA. Above the plow, token ; below halfpenny. Copper. 
 Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 This coin must have been struck previous to 1834, for in that year Toronto re- 
 sumed the more appropriate ancient name, by which it was known long before it was 
 dubbed " muddy little York." 
 
 CCXXn. Odv. Same as the last. 
 
 J^ev. As the last, but the lower handle is below the last a in Canada. 
 Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 Lesslie and Sons were for many years engaged in the drug business in Toronto ; 
 to this they also added bookselling, devoting one side of their premises to the vending 
 of literature. 
 
 CCXXIIL Odv. Similar to CCXXI, but there is a comma after york. 
 
 Rev. Similar to CCXXI, but with two bars connecting the handles of 
 the plow, and. the clevis is below the first p in prosperity. Copper. Size 27 m. 
 R I. 
 
 There seem to have been several distinct issues of these coins, as it is not likely 
 that so many dies would have been prepared for the small quantity that could be put in 
 circulation in a town of eight or ten thousand people, as Toronto was then. This was 
 probably issued later than the two pieces described above. 
 
 first 
 per. 
 
 CCXXIV. Odv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last, but with the clevis of the plow opposite the 
 p in prosperity. The grass behind the plow is long and distinct. Cop- 
 Size 27 m. R I. 
 
 Many of these Lesslie tokens still circulate in the country districts, showing that a 
 large number of them were issued. The firm must have taxed their energies consider- 
 ably in distributing them, and must have realized large profits from the venture. 
 
 CCXXV. Odv. Same as CCXXIIL 
 
 Rev. Same as the last, but the grass behind the plow is neither so long 
 nor so distinct. Copper. Size 27 m. R 4. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 57 
 
 ng 
 
 There is one member of the firm still living" near Toronto, but at this late date he 
 cannot give the number issued, or at what dates the different issues were imported. 
 They seem to be of liirmingham manufacture. 
 
 CCXXVI. Obv. . I.ESSLIE & SONS TORONTO Si DUNDASS. £x. l82f2 
 
 Justice as in CCXXI. 
 
 J^eV. . PROSPERITY TO CANADA LA PRUDENCE ET LA CANDEUR. IMoW tO 
 
 the left with token above, and 2? currency below. Copper. Size 40 m. R 5. 
 
 The date on this coin has reference to the year in which the firm was established. 
 As the name of Toronto was reapplied to that town in 1834, this token must have been 
 struck some time after that date. The issue of this coin was considerable, although 
 they are now scarce. Mr. Lesslie accounts for it in this way : the millers of that time 
 found it just the size to use as washers, and as the metal was soft, it answered better 
 than any that could be procured from the village blacksmith ; many were destroyed in 
 this way. Another reason is, that as they were of a denomination differing altogether 
 from any in circulation in Canada, they were soon looked upon with disfavor, and 
 were disposed of as old copper. The mistake in the spelling of Dundas may be noted 
 as indicating that the dies were prepared by a different engraver from the one who 
 engraved those for the Half-pennies. 
 
 CCXXVII. 0/)V. + GOOD FOR ONE COl'Y + EVENING GLOBE. Zlgzag 
 
 border with dots. Inner circle with a similar border round a large hole in the 
 centre. 
 
 J^ev. Similar to the obverse, but the hyphen is shorter. Tin, bronzed. 
 Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 The Globe has been for many years the most widely circulated daily paper in 
 Canada. In 1879 during Exhibition time, an evening edition was begun, which was con- 
 tinued after the close of the fair, when the price was fixed at fifteen cents per dozen. 
 These tokens were struck to enable those purchasing their paper regularly from the 
 news agent, to secure them at the proper price. Eight of these tokens were sold for 
 ten cents. 
 
 CCXXVIII. Odv. S"- ISAAC BROCK THE HERO OF UP- CANADA An Um 
 
 on a pedestal, the latter inscribed fell | oct 13 | 181 2 Over the urn are 
 two angels holding a laurel wreath. 
 
 /^ev. SUCCESS TO COMMERCE & PEACE TO THE WORLD. A space of three 
 millimetres between success and world. In the centre of the field 18.10 with 
 a radiated ornament above and another below. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 Early on the morning of October 13th, 18 12, the corps of Americans under 
 Gen. Van Rensselaer, had crossed the Niagara, and taken up a position on Queenstown 
 Heights. Gen. Brock, hearing the cannonade, hastened from the village of Niagara to 
 dislodge them. He would probably have succeeded had he not been mortally wounded 
 when leading the charge. His men continued the contest with varying success, until 
 the arrival of reinforcements under Maj.-Gen. Sheaffe, when the enemy were driven 
 across the river, after sustaining a, loss of over a thousand men. 
 
 I 
 
 i:i. 
 
58 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCXXIX. Obv. S" ISAAC BROCK THE HERO OF UP" CANADA An Um 
 
 as on the last. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 The design on the obverse is said to be a representation of the old monument 
 erected to the memory of Gen. Brock, which was blown up by a man named Lett. The 
 present commanding monument was erected about fifteen or twenty years ago, by public 
 subscription raised in Ontario. It it much higher than the old one, and can be plainly 
 seen by the tourist travelling on the Canada Southern Railway from Niagara village to 
 the Falls. 
 
 CCXXX. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As CCXXVIII, except that the distance between success and 
 WORLD is five millimetres. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 These tokens were issued by some firm doing business in Toronto. The Battle 
 of Queenstown Heights was a popular subject with the citizens of that town ; and the 
 importe , finding that these tokens were readily received, continued their issue through 
 a number of years. This will account for the number of varieties here described. 
 
 CCXXXI. Obv. Same as CCXXIX. 
 
 Rev. As CCXXVIII, but the space between success and world is 
 scarcely one millimetre. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 The issue of these tokens must have been a profitable speculation, for they are 
 very light, not weighing more than half as much as the ordinary bank tokens. They 
 bear evidence of Birmingham workmanship. 
 
 CCXXXII. Obv. Same as CCXXIX. 
 
 Rev. As the last, except that the tops of the ones in 1816 are slightly 
 slanted ; in the last they are straight across. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 There are other minor differences distinguishing these five varieties of what are 
 termed the Brock tokens ; but being difficult to describe, I have simply mentioned such 
 differences as may be noticed at a glance. 
 
 CCXXXIII. Obv. success to the commerce of upp" & low" r^M,^^ 
 A ship to the right under full sail. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 The word Commerce seems to have been a favorite with the designers of the 
 private tokens of that period ; hence the frequent recurrence of a ship, the emblem of 
 commerce. In these days, when foreign commerce has somewhat gone out of fashion 
 on the Western continent, under the Protection /«r(?r^. ' Success to home manufactures* 
 would be the watchword, and the emblem a huge steam engine. 
 
 CCXXXI V. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. SIR ISAAC I BROOK. BAR"!^ THE HERO OF | UPPER CANADA, | WHO FELL 
 AT THE I GLORIOUS BATTLE OF | QUEENSTOWN HEIGH? j ON THE 1 3. OCT" | 
 
 18 1 2 Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 
 anvil. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 59 
 
 IS 
 
 the 
 
 of 
 
 lion 
 
 ■es' 
 
 SLL 
 
 
 This completes the series of Hrock tokens, which at one time formed the bulk of 
 the copper circulation in Ontario. They are, although by no means rare, scarce in good 
 condition. The name is an error, (spelled Hrook on this token,) very likely one of 
 transcription. 
 
 CCXXXV. Ohv. . coMMKRCiAi, CHANGE. Ex. i8i5 At! Indian to the 
 left, walking, with a bow and arrow in his hands ; at his side is a greyhound 
 looking up in his face. 
 
 Rev. iiAi.r I'KNNY TOKEN UPPER CANADA A sloop, with malnsall and 
 two jibs set to the right ; bowsprit below the last a in Canada. Copper. 
 Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 The same obverse occurs on a Nova Scotia token, to which it originally belongs ; 
 the reverse is that of one of the varieties of the 1820 sloop token. It is not likely, 
 therefore, that this coin was issued before that date. 
 
 CCXXXVI. Obi'. Same as the reverse of the last. 
 Rev. coMMEKciAi, CHANCE Ex. 1820 Two spades crossed above an 
 anvil. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 Those who put into circulation these tokens, although they found their illegal 
 issue a profitable undertaking, assumed the role of public benefactors by such in- 
 scriptions as " commercial change," " to facilitate trade," and the like. 
 
 CCXXXVII. Ohv. As the reverse of CCXXXV, but the bowsprit is 
 above the last a in Canada, and the end of the water over the n. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 These " sloop half-pennies" had an extensive circulation in Upper Canada, and 
 from the many different reverses, it would appear that more than one firm was con- 
 nected with their issue. Specimens are often met with in circulation, but owing to the 
 low relief, they are generally in poor condition. 
 
 CCXXXVIII. Obv. As the last, but the end of the water is over the 
 cond A in Canada. 
 
 Rev. As CCXXXVI. The handle of the spade to the left is under the 
 md c in commercial. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 The commerce of Lake Ontario was almost entirely carried on in sloops ; larger 
 vessels were nearly unknown on its waters. This design was therefore popular on that 
 account. 
 
 CC? .XIX. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 R As CCXXXVI. The handle of the spade to the left is more 
 
 directly ler the second c in commercial, and much nearer the i than the 
 
 last. C( per. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 These varieties of the 1820 sloop token are so nearly alike that it is difficult to dis- 
 tinguish them ; but still I think that I have pointed out differences sufficient to enable 
 collectors to arranoje their collections properly. There may be other varieties with more 
 minute variations, out the diflferences are so slight as not to be readily distinguishable. 
 
 yi 
 
 > ' i<i 
 
oo 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCXL. Obv. Same as the reverse of CCXXXV. 
 Rev. COMMERCIAL CHANGE Ex. 1 82 1 A cask inscribed upper | Canada 
 Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 The cask undoubtedly refers to the grocery trade, as the anvil indicates hardware, 
 and very likely this token was issued by some grocer, as were the four previous tokens 
 by a hardware merchant. 
 
 CCXLI. Obv. Same as the reverse of CCXXXV, 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the cask is inscribed Jamaica. Copper. Size 27 m. 
 
 R4. 
 
 The word " Jamaica " on the cask confirms the opinion that it is a grocer's sign. 
 It refers to Jamaica rum, a fashionable beverage among the topers in those days. The 
 words "UPPER CANADA" on the cask in the previous token refer to "old rye," the manu- 
 facture of which was commenced at an early date in Upper Canada : it has altogether 
 superseded rum as the beverage of the lower classes. 
 
 CCXLI I. Obv. Same as the reverse of CCXXXV. 
 Rev. TO FACILITATE TRADE* A plow to the right, with 1823 under it. 
 Copper. Size 27 m. R 1. 
 
 This obverse, described as the reverse of CCXXXV, occurs on five varieties of these 
 sloop tokens, bearing the four following dates — 1815, 1820, f82t, and 1823. The letters 
 of "UPPER CANADA" are more or less blurred, while the coins show other marks indi- 
 cating that the dies have been considerably worn : the variety 1820, indicating less wear 
 of the dies, shows that it was probably the first struck ; that of 18 1 5 seems later than 
 those of 1 82 1, and earlier than 1823. 
 
 CCXLIII. Obv. Same as the obverse of CCXXXVIII. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 There are three varieties with this obverse, but as the coins show fewer indications 
 of wear on the dies, the issue of these varieties must have been much smaller. 
 
 CCXLIV. Obv. Same as CCXXXVII. 
 
 Rev. Similar to CCXLI I, but the date is 1833. Copper. Size 27 m. 
 
 This is by far the most common of the sloop tokens ; it is met with in circulation 
 nearly as often as all the others together. It is also somewhat heavier. 
 
 CCXLV. Obv. Similar to CCXXXVII, but the execution is not so 
 good. 
 
 Rev. commercial change Ex. 1833 Two spades crossed above an 
 anvil ; behind the anvil are a hammer and tongs. To the left is a scythe ; 
 to the right a vise. Brass. Size 28 ni. R 2. 
 
 The workmanship displayed on this coin is considerably inferior to that of the 
 rest of the sloop series. It is from a different place of mintage, (probably New York,) 
 while they are from Birmingham. Th" antipathy of Canadians towards the United 
 States, caused by the war of 18 12, had by this time begun to wear away, under the 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 6i 
 
 rising discontent which grew out of their desire for a representative form of government, 
 and which culminated in the rebellion. Everything " Yankee" had been despised. This 
 seems to have been the harbinger of the flood of copper tokens that poured into Canada 
 from New York during the years 1836 to '38. 
 
 CCXLVI. Obv. PROVINCE OF UPPER CANADA Laureatcd bust of George 
 IV to the left. 
 
 Rev. HALF PENNY TOKEN Ex. 1^32. Britannia to the left, seated on a 
 shield. In her left hand she holds a trident, and in her extended right a twig. 
 Copper. Size 28 m. R 2. 
 
 I cannot understand why this coin with the date 1832 should have the portrait of 
 George IV. It purports to have been struck two years after bis death, during which 
 time his brother William IV had been king. Coins of the same date struck for Nova 
 Scotia also have a similar portrait, showing that they are from the same place of mintage. 
 These coins, while the workmanship is much better, the weight up to the standard, and 
 other appearances that of an authorized coinage, are simply private tokens, issued no 
 doubt by a more conscientious firm for their own and 'neir customers' requirements. 
 
 CCXLVII. Obv. • BANK OF UPPER CANADA* Ex. i85o. St. George 
 on ho''seback to the right, slaying the dragon. On the ground, under the 
 drago 1, R H & CO 
 
 Rev. « BANK • TOKEN • ONE. PENNY An anchor, a sword, a tomahawk and 
 an arrow bound together with a wreath and a cable. Two cornucopiae, one 
 on either side. The whole is surmounted by a crown, with the Union Jack 
 partially displayed to the right. Copper. Size 33 m. R i. 
 
 Christmass, in a pamphlet on " The Copper Coinage of the British Colonies in 
 America," describes the letters on the exergual line as R. K. & Co. But as these tokens 
 were struck by Ralph Heaton & Sons, and the second letter is more like an H than a K, 
 I prefer to describe it as such. 
 
 CCXLVIII. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. • BANK • TOKEN • ONE . HALF PENNY 
 
 Size 28 m. R 1. 
 
 Design as the last. Copper. 
 
 The Bank of Upper Canada was the third institution of the kind organized in 
 Canada, having been established about the year 1820, two years after the Bank of 
 Montreal. 
 
 CCXLIX. C/^e^ As CCXLVII. /:>. i852. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXLVII. Copper. Size 33 m. R i. 
 
 After the burning of the Parliament buildings at Montreal in [849, the seat of 
 Government was removed to Toronto. The Bank of Upper Canada, as the most 
 important banking institution in that city, received the government deposit, and conse- 
 quently obtained the privilege of issuing a copper currency. 
 
 !l 
 
62 ^ CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCL. Odv. A^CCXLVU. ir;r. i852. 
 
 J^tv. Same as CCXLVIII. Copper. Size 28 m. R i. 
 
 Proofs of this date are occasionally met with. The design is a copy of that appear- 
 ing in the Pistrucci crown piece, but it has no direct reference to Canada, 
 
 CCLI. Ode'. AsCCXLVU. i^'.r. 1854. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXLVII. Copper. Size 33 m. R i. 
 
 The Finance Minister of that time conceived a Canadian coinage, and framed an 
 Act which he carried through Parliament, authorizing the issue of a complete series, but 
 the Act having been disallowed by the imperial government, the government bankers 
 were permitted to issue tokens under the authority of an old order in council. 
 
 CCLII. (9/;z;. As CCXLVII. iSli. 1854. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXLVIII. Copper. Size 28 m. R 1. 
 
 These tokens still circulate freely as one and two cents, making up fully one 
 quarter of the copper currency, notwithstanding the abundant issue of the more conve- 
 nient bronze cents. 
 
 CCLIII. 06v. As CCXLVII. Kr. i854. 
 
 Rt'v. Same as CCXLVII. Copper. Size 33 m. R 2. 
 
 The only noticeable difference between this piece and CCLI is in the four. 
 
 CCLIV. (9^z;. As CCXLVII. Ex. iS54:. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXLVIII. Copper. Size 28 m. R 3. 
 
 The cross to the horizontal line in the four is less distinct than in that of the 
 
 penny. 
 
 CCLV. O^z;. As CCXLVII. y^.i-, iSS;. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXLVII. Copper. Size 33 m. R i. 
 
 During the crisis of 1867-8 the bank suspended, and on examination of its affairs 
 it was found impossible to reorganize it, and it was consequently wound up. 
 
 CCLVI. 0/r^. As CCXLVII. i^,r. 1857. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXLVIII. Copper. Size 28 m. R i. 
 
 When the bank failed some eleven tons of these penny and half penny tokens were 
 found in the vaults of the bank. They were taken possession of by the government, 
 and after holding them for a number of years, they were sold to Mr. Chauteloupe of 
 Montreal as old copper, and were melted under the supervision of a government officer. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 63 
 
 )ear- 
 
 :1 an 
 , but 
 ikers 
 
 one 
 )nve- 
 
 the 
 
 rairs 
 
 vere 
 lent, 
 )e of 
 :er. 
 
 MEDALS. 
 
 CCLVII. Obv. Same as CXXXIII. 
 
 Rev. Same as CXXXIII. Bar inscribed fort Detroit 
 
 Silver. 36 m. 
 
 R 6. 
 
 On the 15th August, 18 12, General Bfock crossed the Detroit River, and invested 
 Fort Detroit. Without showing any resistance, General Hull surrendered the fort to a 
 much smaller Canadian force. This victory, although a bloodless one, was considered 
 so important, that those who took part in it were rewarded, although tardily, with this 
 medal. 
 
 CCLVIII. Obv. Same as CXXXIII. 
 
 Rev. Same as CXXXIII. Bar inscribed crystler's farm Silver. 36 m. 
 R 6. 
 
 The battle of Crysler's Farm was the last engagement of any importance fought 
 on Canadian soil. On the nth of November, 1813, Colonel Morrison with 800 Cana- 
 dian militia under his command defeated 9000 Americans under General Wilkinson. 
 The latter soon retired across the border. 
 
 CCLIX. Obv. upper canada Ex. preserved A bird's eye view of 
 the Niagara River with Lake Erie in the foreground and Lake Ontario in the 
 distance. On the left bank of the river is a beaver, gnawing at the stump of 
 a broken tree, with a Hon sleeping. On the right is an eagle hovering, appa- 
 rently ready to swoop down upon the beaver. On the groundwork to the 
 
 light. T. WVON. ju. F. 
 
 Rev. PRESENTED BY A GRATEFUL COUNTRY. Within a wreath of laurels, 
 FOR I MERIT Size 5 1 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal was struck for the Loyal and Patriotic Society of Upper Canada. It 
 was intended to be given to those who had distinguished themselves in the war of 1812. 
 One thousand pounds currency ($|,ooo) was voted for that purpose, but the applicants 
 for the medals were so numerous, that the. Committee could not agree as to how the 
 number to whom they should be granted could be limited to the number of medals on 
 hand, so in 1820 the following resolution was passed: — 
 
 " Resolved, That it is the opinion of this meeting, that as the gold and silver 
 medals cannot now be distributed in any manner to answer the original purpose for 
 which they were designed, it is expedient that the same be sold as bullion." 
 
 Notwithstanding this resolution, these medals lay in the vaults of the Bank of 
 Upper Canada until 1840, when the old members of the Society were hunted up and the 
 medals ordered to be sold, with the following result : — 
 
 61 Gold Medals sold to Charles Sewell for -£138 19 loj 
 
 548 Silver Medals sold to Charles Sewell for .... 256 9 6 
 
 £l9l 9 4i 
 
 I .* 
 
 J 
 
 11 
 
64 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 The reports of the Society mention a rejected medal, but whether dies had been 
 prepared or only a design submitted, I cannot learn. As the gold medals were disposed 
 of at the rate of nine dollars each, and as medals in that metal struck from dies two and 
 a half inches in diameter could not have been worth much less than $7$, it would seem 
 that smaller dies must have been engraved, but I have not been able to learn of the 
 existence of any such medal, nor have I been able to gather any more definite infoimation. 
 
 I have in my collection a jeton of Major General Winfield Scott, the reverse of 
 which has the inscription, "Scott wounded Lundy's Lane." There are also a number 
 of other jetons and medals relating to the war of 1812, issued in the United States, but 
 these I will not attempt to describe, as they have more direct reference to that country. 
 
 CCLX. Odz>. FORT ERIE Bx. JUNE 2^:° 1866 A field gun pointing to 
 the left, with rammer. 
 
 /iev. PRESENTED BY THE COUNTY OF WELLAND. Slze 36 m. R 5. 
 
 During the Fenian incursion of 1866, a number of the Canadian volunteers were 
 called to the front. The Welland battery was one of the first corps on the field, and 
 helped to drive the invaders across the Niagara. These medals were struck in Toronto 
 by Messrs. Ellis & Co., jewelers. There were about fifty members of the battery who 
 received this medal. 
 
 CCLX I. Odv. CONSOLIDATION OF THE STATUTE LAW • PROVINCE OF ONTA- 
 RIO. Ex. 31^7 DECEMBER. 1 877. A female figure to the left seated on a rock. 
 In her right hand she holds a pair of scales, while her left rests on a shield 
 bearing the arms of Ontario. By her right are two folio volumes. 
 
 /^ev. TO COMMEMORATE | THE | COMPLETION OF THE WORK | BY THE | COM- 
 MISSIONERS APPOINTED BY THE | LIEU- GOVERNOR IN COUNCIL | UNDER THE 
 
 AUTHORITY | OF THE | LEGISLATURE OF ONTARIO | CANADA. Inscription in ten 
 lines between a wreath of maple leaves to the right and oak leaves to the left. 
 Size 77 m. R 6. 
 
 The dies for this medal were engraved by Mr. Dove of London for the government 
 of Ontario. Although the medal bears date 1877, the dies were only completed in 
 January, 1881. While the statutes of United Ca ^da had been consolidated and those 
 of the Province of Quebec codified, the Ontario stc^.utes had never been arranged until 
 1877. This medal was therefore struck to commemorate that event. Impressions in 
 gold were presented to those who took part in thf: work. 
 
 CCLXII. Odv. THE GLORIOUS MEMORY NO SURRENDER William III. on 
 horseback, standing on a pedestal. The pedestal is inscribed 1690 
 
 J^ev. A wreath composed of maple leaves, oak leaves and shamrocks ; at 
 the top of the wreath is a crown. Size 5o m. R 6. 
 
 This medal seems to have been issued to the members of the Loyal Orange Asso- 
 ciation, to be worn as badges in their procession. It was struck by W. C. Morrison, a 
 manufacturing jeweler in Toronto. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 6$ 
 
 m 
 
 CCLXIII. Odv. THE glorious memory William III. on a pedestal, in- 
 scribed as the last. 
 
 /ieV. I'RESENTEI) | I'O | | liY THE ( LOYAI. ORANGE ASSOCIATION | 
 
 H. N. A. I FOR VALIANT CONDUCT AT | CENTREVILLE MILLS | ON 12 JULY 1849. 
 
 Size 38 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal was presented to a number of Orangemen who went from Toronto to 
 defend an Orange procession or picnic that had been attacked by a large body of 
 Irish laborers who were engaged in digging the Welland Canal. 
 
 CCLXIV. Odv. IIIE GLORIOUS AND IMMORTAL MEMORY. /:x. 1 69O | L.O.A. 
 
 William III. on horseback to the right, a hill in the distance to the left. 
 
 J^cv. J. UELLiN(;. MAKER. HAMILTON, c. w. Field plain. Brass. Size 35 m. 
 R6. 
 
 The only known specimen was found in the collection of a Frenchman named Le 
 Metayer Masselin. J. Belling is a jeweller in Hamilton, but some time ago, having 
 failed, he removed to the United States. After a residence there for a number of 
 years, he returned to Hamilton, and recommenced his old business. 
 
 CCLXV. Odv. Arms of the Association : Quarterly ; first, or, a plow ; 
 second, argent, a sheep ; third, argent, a cow to the left ; fourth, or, a horse 
 to the left ; the charges all proper. Crest, a sheaf of wheat ; above the arms 
 to the left is a rake and a sheaf of wheat : to the right a grain cradle and a 
 sheaf of wheat ; on either side of the arms are cornucopiae. 
 
 J^eV. AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION UPl'ER CANADA. In the field | 
 
 LIFE I MEMBER. Size 33 m. R 3. 
 
 The dies for this medal were engraved by Mr. Wheeler who was for a long time 
 the chief engraver in Toronto. These medals arc supposed to have l)een used by life 
 members as a ticket of admission to exhibitions held under tlie auspices of the Asso- 
 ciation. 
 
 'j:.. 
 
 on 
 
 at 
 
 pso- 
 a 
 
 .CCLXVI. Odv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. CRYSTAL I'AL.vcE /ix. TORONTO | 1 858 View of the E.xhibition 
 buildings. Size 33 m. R 6. 
 
 I know of the existence of only one specimen, having purchased it from a collector 
 in Montreal. The obverse is from the same die as the last. As I can get no informa- 
 tion regarding it from members of the Association, I infer that it was struck by some 
 person to be sold on the ground during the days of the e.xhibition. The dies are by 
 the same medallist as last. 
 
 CCLXVII. Odv. Arms as last, except the color of the first and fourth 
 quarters which is argent, or more probably the die cutter omitted to indicate 
 
66 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 the color : the cow faces to the right. The sheaves are at the side and the 
 cornucopiae are below. 
 
 Rev. A wreath composed of fruits, flowers and ears of wheat, a beaver at 
 the bottom. Within the wreath is the inscription agricultural | association | 
 ui'i'KR I CANADA Size 46 m. R 4. 
 
 The Agricultural and Arts Association of Ontario was established many years 
 ago for the encouragement of higher agriculture in the Province. Its exhibitions are 
 held annually in one of the cities or towns of that Province. The dies for this medal 
 were engraved by Rolf, Smith & Co. of Toronto. 
 
 CCLXVIII. Obv. AGRICULTURAL AND ARTS ASSOCLVITON OF ONTABfO, 
 
 Arms, a shield argent parti jaer cross: in the first quarter a plow; in the 
 second a locomotive ; in the third a cow ; in the fourth a horse. Crest, a 
 sheaf of wheat : enclosing the shield is an ornamental border and festoons of 
 flowers ; J s & A u vvyon to the right of shield. 
 
 Rev. A wreath of laurels ; j. s. & a. b. wyon to the right. Size 41m. R 5. 
 
 The change in the name of the Province and in that of the Association, necessi- 
 tated an alteration in the medal, so in 1879 new dies were ordered from the Messrs. 
 Wyon. 
 
 CCLXIX. Obv. Ex. opened sei-^::' 5^' | 1879 The buildings of the 
 Toronto Exhibition Association within a wreath of maple leaves. Above the 
 lower part of the wreath, elkington & co. regent st. 
 
 Rev. industrial exhibition a.ssociation of Toronto. Arms quarterly, 
 first, gules, three lions passant; second, or, a beaver proper ; third, argent, 
 a garb ; fourth, argent, a steamboat proper. Crest, a beaver with maple 
 leaves to the left, and ears of wheat to the right above the shield ; below the 
 shield is a ribbon inscribed industry intelligence integrity To the left of 
 the field is a medallion, showing a painter to the right, seated before his canvas 
 painting. To the right is another medallion with a mechanic to the right on 
 one knee, working at a cog wheel with a sledge hammer. At the top is a 
 square, with a female reclining to the right, with a sickle in her left hand and 
 a bundle of grain in her right ; behind her is a cow and a plow, with trees in 
 the distance. Below is another square, with a female to the left on her knees 
 sowing or planting seeds; above her are clusters of grapes, and behind is a 
 beehive. Size 64 m. R 5. 
 
 The Industrial Exhibition Association of Toronto was organized by citizens of 
 that city with a view of holding an exhibition every year within its limits. The dies 
 of this and the following medal were engraved by J. Moore of Birmingham, for Elking- 
 ton & Co., of London, which firm received the order for the medal. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 67 
 
 CCLXX. Obv. The heads of the Princess Louise and the Marquis of 
 Lome to the left, within a wreath of maple leaves. On the truncation of the 
 
 neck, ELKINGTON 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last. vSize 45 m. R 5. 
 
 The Association, considering that the larger medal would be too costly to award 
 in silver and gold, ordered the smaller die for medals to be given in these metals. 
 The previous one is gi^en only in bronze. The obverse of this medal is wanting in 
 art, especially in the head of the Princess. 
 
 CCLXXL Obv. A helmeted head of Minerva to the right. 
 Rev. COUNCIL OF PUiiLic INSTRUCTION ONTAKK) A wreath of maple leaves. 
 Size 45 m. R 6. 
 
 On the space enclosed by the wreath was engraved the recipient's name and the 
 year. Impressions in gold, silver, and bronze were awarded to the three highest stu- 
 dents respectively, at the Normal Schools in Toronto and Ottawa. The first medals 
 were given towards the close of 1873. In 1876 they were discontinued on account of 
 a disturbance which arose from the fact that some of the students became possessed of 
 the examination i^apers previous to the day of e.vamination. 
 
 CCLXXIL Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. EDUCATIONAL DEPARTMENT ONTARIO Wreath as the last, enclosing 
 PRESENTED | TO | FOR SUCCESS | IN Size 45 m. R 6. 
 
 The dies of the previous medal had lain unused with the London agents of the 
 Ontario Educational Department until 188 1, when the Minister of Education, during a 
 visit to England, had them placed in the hands of Mr. Dove to be altered as above. 
 The medals are to be awarded at the examinations in the different schools throughout 
 the Province. The name of the medallist who first engraved the dies is unknown to 
 me. 
 
 CCLXXIIL Obv. MH AHfOI to the left and STE (t)ANOTZA to the right 
 of Victory, who is erect and facing the left ; she holds in her e.xtended right 
 hand a wreath of laurel, while in her left is a [)alm branch; below is b. wyon .sc. 
 
 Rev. VNivERSiTAS TORONTONENsis A wreath of ivy. Size 51m. R 4. 
 
 This medal was struck in 1846, and was awarded annually in gold and silver to 
 the students making the highest stand at the closing examinations of their course. In 
 1862 it was discontinued on account of the cost of such a large medal, and that next 
 described was used in its place. 
 
 CCLXXIV. Obv. Similar to the last. 
 Rev, Plain. Size 34 Ti. R 4. 
 
 Issued in 1862 in place of the huger medal discontinued. The name of the recip- 
 ient, year, subject, and of the Coiiege are engraved on the plain reverse. A number of 
 colleges in Ontario issue medals with engraved inscriptions on both sides, not having 
 sufficient spare funds to defray the cost of dies. 
 
 
 « 
 
6d 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCLXXV. Obv. I'OKRO ALTiORA I'ETENDA. Ex. R. s. J A liawk to thc 
 right flying upwards. To tiie right, under the grounthvork, h. wyon 
 Rev. A wreath of ivy. Size 35 m, R 5. 
 
 I'rcscntecl, in 1846, by R. S. Jamieson, whose initials it bears, to be awarded 
 annually in gold. The granting of this medal was discontinued on the death of Mr. 
 Jamieson some years ago. The University of Toronto is sustained by the government 
 of Ontario. It is simply an examining body, with a number of affiliated colleges under 
 its wing. I am not certain whether these medals were awarded by the University or 
 by the University College. 
 
 CCLXXVI. Obv. MORiiORVM cavsas docebo on a garter enclosing a 
 crest, which consists of a bare arm grasping a serpent. 
 
 Rev. . VNivERsiTAS TORONTONENsis. Inscription in field, propter medici- 
 
 NAM I EELICITER EXCVI.TAM | E DONG | R. N. STARR M. D. SizC 34 ITl. R 5. 
 
 Dr. Starr in his will devised a sum of money to the University to found the above 
 gold medal. This has been annually awarded since 1862 to the student passing the 
 best final examination in medicine. 
 
 CCLXXVII. Obv. LAW SOCIETY. Ex. ONTARIO A column, surmounted 
 by a beaver to the left, around which is entwined a ribbon, inscribed in incused 
 letters, magna charta angli.e. To the left of the column is the figure of 
 Hercules, draped in the lion-skin, with his right hand resting on his club; and 
 on the right is Justice with her left hand resting on a sword, while with her 
 right she holds a pair of scales ; under the groundwork to the right, j. s. ^'t a. n. 
 
 WVON 
 
 Rev. iNLEGiRUS pR/Estanti « Size 34 m. R 5. 
 
 In Ontario, law students who have not received a university degree, have to pass 
 through a course of five years' study, and go before the Examining Hoard of the Law 
 Society for examination semi-annually. This medal is given annually in gold, silver, 
 and bronze at the final examinations. It was first given in 188 1. The design is artistic 
 and very appropriate, representing the Magna Charta as the foundation of iMiglish law, 
 surmounted by a beaver, the Canadian emblem, and supported by Strength and Justice. 
 
 CCLXXVI II. Obv. UMVERSITAS VICTORI.'E COM.EGIUM FUND.VFA A. D. 
 
 1 84 1. Diademed head of Victoria to the right. On the neck, v. w. smith v. 
 
 Rev. PRAEMIUM A CEI.SISSIMO AI.MERTO EDWARDO I'RINCIPE WAI.I.IAK INSIITU- 
 
 TUM A. D. i860. A wreath of maple leaves with the Prince of Wales' feathers 
 and the motto icii dien at top. Size 45 m. R 5. 
 
 Victoria College, Cobourg, was founded in 1841 by the Wesleyan Methodists as a 
 theological training school. Not long after its establishment, classes in thc arts were 
 added to the theological department, when it was erected into a University. The 
 grant of funds usually made by the government to higher institutions of learning was 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 69 
 
 claimed for it, but this claim was rcsistetl by those who had just gained the victory 
 over the clergy reserve grants, on the ground that this college was a sectarian institu- 
 tion. The controversy, waged both in rarliament and through the press, was fierce 
 and long continued, until the application was finally rejected. This settled the matter, 
 and in Ontario at least, no further state aid has been granted to sectarian institutions. 
 This medal is one of a number founded by the I'rince of Wales during his visit to 
 Canada in i860. The dies are by F. B. Smith of New York. It is the most artistic 
 medal struck in that city for any Canadian object. 
 
 CCLXXIX. Obv. ♦ qukkn'.s university ♦ Kingston, canad.v Univer- 
 sity arms, consisting of a shield bearing a St. Andrew's cross, with an open 
 book on the centre of it. In the angle to the left is a rose; in that at the top 
 a coniferous tree ; in that to the right a shamrock, and in that below a thistle; 
 round the border, enclosing the shield, are eight small crowns; below is a 
 ribbon inscribed sai'Ikntia 1 r i)0( ikina .siaiulitas Between the shic;ld and 
 ribbon, j. s. & a. h. wvon 
 
 Rev. A wreath of laurel. Size 41 m. R 5. 
 
 Queen's College was founded by tiie Presbyterian body, and has been sustained 
 and endowed by collections through the churches. It was incorporated and made a 
 University in 1841. A number of friends of the institution contributed sums of money 
 to be devoted to the purchase of gold medals to be given for competition in the different 
 classes ; dies were therefore ordered in 1877 from the Messrs. VVyon, from which these 
 medals have been struck. 
 
 I- 1 
 
 if. 
 
 :e. 
 I). 
 
 V. 
 U- 
 rs 
 
 CCLXXX. Obv. WILLIAM DUMMKIi I'OWICLL AM) ANNK MURRAV Ex. 
 
 LNTHRMARRiici) | 3"" ocToisKR | 1 7.75. Two hands clasped, holding a torch over 
 a square altar; similar to CLXXXII. 
 
 Rev. TO I CELEIiRATE | THE ITITIirril j ANNIVERSARY | UIM'KR CANADA | 2r^ 
 
 ocToiiER I 1825. within a wreath of true lovers' knots. Size 39 m. R 6. 
 
 The design is the same as CLXXXII, the only difference being in the names, 
 place, and date. The dies were undoubtedly prepared by the same engraver in Bir- 
 mingham, as the same punches seem to have been used in sinking the device. Mr. 
 Powell was for a number of years before his death Chief Justice of Upper Canada. He 
 was a regular patriarch ; his descendants arc still numerous, and are scattered over the 
 United States and Canada. Some sixty of these medals were struck for distribution 
 among the relatives at the golden wedding. I have placed this medal as of th;; highest 
 degree of rarity, although it has appeared in sales rather frequently. Two of them 
 were sold at different times in Philadelphia, the later of which was at the second 
 Mickley .'^ale and brought $12.50. Two were shown at one of the meetings of the 
 American Numismatic and Archaeological Society of New York. Major Nichols 
 of Springfield, Mass., has two in his collection, Mr. Fros.sard of Irvington, N. Y., had 
 one for sale, there is one in the cabinet of a collector in Montreal, and one in the 
 Government Collection at Ottawa. Having never seen the medal, I am indebted to 
 Major Nichols for a rubbing, which has enabled me to describe it accurately, and to 
 Mr. Frossard, who sent me turther valuable information. 
 
70 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCLXXXI. Obv. A device said to be the arms of thf City of London, 
 (Ontario,) namely: a chevron on afield chief gules chargt.d with two garbs 
 proper and base argent, charged with a beaver proper on the bank of a 
 stream ; the color of the chevron argent, or not indicated. Crest, a locomo- 
 tive proper. Supporters, dexter a stag ; sinister a bear. Motto, on a ribbon, 
 LAHORE ET rEKSEVKKANTiA. Between the shield and the motto a. s. m. & c'.' 
 
 Rev. Plain. Size 42 m. R 6. 
 
 The die for this medal was prepared in Buffalo for Messrs. A. S. Murray & Co., 
 who are the leading jewellers of London, Ont. The reverse is left blank for the name 
 of the institution granting the medal, and the object for which it was given. The one 
 from which I take this description is inscribed "Western Fair London Ont. 1879 
 Andw. McCormick Esq Pres* 
 
 CCLXXXI L Obv. IN CONNECTION WITH THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND + 
 
 between two beaded ovals; within the oval, s? Andrew's | church, | Toronto. | 
 1830 Scroll work in the corners. 
 
 Rev. THIS DO I IN I rememurance | OK ME. | I. coR. XI. 24. Scroll work 
 in corners; rectangular, with corn rs truncated. Size 19 by 27 m. R 6. 
 
 There are in Toronto two St. Andrew's churches, called respectively the old and 
 new St. Andrew's ; the one having sepai^ated from the other when the Free Church 
 separated from the Church of Scotland. This token was issued by the latter. 
 
 PROVINCE OF CANADA. (184I-1867.) 
 
 In 1841 the Provinces of Upper and Lower Canada, which had been 
 formed in 1701 by the subdivision of the old Province of Quebec, were united 
 as the Province of Canada. Under this head will be found not only the coins 
 struck for the united province, (from 1841 to 1867,) but also those common 
 to both, struck previous to the union. 
 
 CCLXXXIII. Obv. GEOR : iv d: g: ijri : rex. Bust of George IV to 
 the left, laureated and draped. 
 
 Rev. COLONIAL 1823 Within a wreath of oak leaves r/o | dollar Copper. 
 Size 34 m. R 6. 
 
 It seems that in 1823 an effort was made to establish a uniform currency in all the 
 British colonies. The currencies prevailing were almost as numerous as the colonies 
 themsclv'es. Some counted their money in French, others after the Dutch fashion ; 
 two or three had native systems of their own, while pounds, shillings and pence pre- 
 vailed in several stages of depreciation. Any change would be an improvement, were 
 it adopted by all, and the decimal system was proposed as the most convenient ; with 
 this in view this pattern was issued. 
 
 CCLXXXIV. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last, but the inscription within the wreath is ^oo I 
 DOLLAR. Copper. Size 27 m. R 6. 
 
 
 I 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS, 
 
 7> 
 
 In :i reply received from the Mint, .it is stated that no obverse dies wi're prepared 
 for these patterns, but that the obverses of the orchnary penny and lialfpenny for that 
 year were made use of in strikin;^ impressions, and that they were issued as feelers, in 
 anticipation of a measure to be passed assimilating; the currencies of the colonies. The 
 use of the fraction to indicate the value seems to have been adopted from the early 
 copper coinage of the United States. 
 
 CCLXXXV. Obv. VICTORIA dki ckatia kixiina canada. Diadt;med ln^ad 
 of Victoria to the left within a bead».xl circle. 
 
 Rev. ONE I CKNT I 1858 within a beaded circle; outside the circle is a 
 circle of maple leaves with their tops pointing outwards ; between each leaf 
 is a seed pod. Copper. Size 23 m. R 6. 
 
 This is a more beautiful design than that of the regular issue. It was proposed to 
 strike it in •.lickel, but the idea was abandoneil because it was of the same si/.e as 
 the twenty cent piece, and to the likelihood from its being passed off on the ignorant 
 peasants for that coin. 
 
 CCLXXXVI. Obv. VICTORIA dei gratia regina Canada. Laureated 
 head of Victoria to the left within a beaded circle. 
 
 Rev. ONE I CENT | 1858 withiu a beaded circle. Outside the circle is an 
 undulating line, with a maple leaf attached between each wave. Copper. 
 Size 25 m. C. 
 
 In my collection there is a proof in nickel, showing that there was some thought 
 of substituting that metal fur the ordinary copper small change. This is the first 
 authorized coinage for the British North American colonies. The cents of this year 
 are much scarcer than those of 1859. 
 
 to 
 
 he 
 lies 
 In ; 
 \\z- 
 
 lith 
 
 CCLXXXVI I. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the date is 1859. Copper. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 In the list furnished me by the London Mint, there is no mention made of cents 
 of this date, but 10,000,000 are reported to have been struck in 1858. On pointing out 
 the discrepancy, the report was amended by the statement that the order had been 
 received late in 1858, and that much the larger part of it remained over to be executed 
 in 1859. This seems to be a very large order, as it was enough to give over six cents 
 change to every individual living 'at that time in the Province of Canada. It proved 
 sufficient for the wants of the country for over eighteen years, as there was no further 
 issue of cents until 1876. The Bank of Upper Canada held a large quantity at the 
 time of its failure, although, previous to that event, strong inducements were offered to 
 brokers to help put these coins into circulation. I well remember on different occa- 
 sions procuring ten dollar lots, put up in bags, at twenty per cent discount. One reason 
 which prevented the circulation of cents was that the old copper circulation, in itself 
 ample, consisted of pence and halfpence, and as six of the latter were only equal to five 
 cents, it was impossible in the course of ordinary trade to obtain more for a cent than a 
 
 \t 
 
7» 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 halfpenny's worth. This difficulty was at lenj;th overcome by the Order in Council of 
 1H70, raising; the Hank tokens of the old currency to one and two cent pieces, and 
 withdrawing^ the iictcroj^encons coinaj^c of all nations from circulation. Two or three 
 varieties of these cents occur in which the date is altered from .858. Some have been 
 more carefully done than others. The heavy stroke of the "9" in some is very broad. 
 
 CCLXXWIII. Ol)v. VICTORIA i)i;i gratia rkgina Canada. Laurcatcd 
 head of Victoria to the left. 
 
 Rev. 20 I CKNTs I 1858 within a wreath of maple leaves. At the top of 
 the wreath i.s a crown. Silver. Size 23 m. C. 
 
 Issue 750,000. These coins have proved most inconvenient as they are almost 
 equal in size to the twenty-five cent piece issued since 1870, and are often passed 
 off as such on the careless. The government is now withdrawing them from circulation, 
 but still they are frequently met with. $50,000 were shipped in 1881 to Birmingham 
 to be recoined into five, ten and twenty-five cent pieces. 
 
 CCLXXXIX." Olw. As the last. 
 
 Rev. 10 I CKNTS I 1858 Wreath and crown as the last. Silver. Size 
 18 m. C. 
 
 There were issued of this piece 1,250,000. Proofs exist of this and its two com- 
 panion coins with plain edges, the ordinary issue being milled. Proofs arc almost in- 
 variably issued with plain edges as the placing of them in the dies a second time, so that 
 the impression may be brought out more clearly, would partially obliterate the milling. 
 
 CCXC. Ohv. As CCLXXXVIII. 
 
 Rev. 5 I CENTS I 1858 within a wreath as on CCLXXXVIII. Silver. 
 Size 1 1 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,500,000. Tills is the first silver coinage prepared for British North Amer- 
 fca. These colonics had no great need for silver of their own, as British and American 
 coins circulated withf)ut hindrance and in quantities sufficient for the wants of the 
 people. The supply began, after the civil war in the United States, to exceed the 
 requirements of trade, and foreign silver was only received by the banks at a discount, 
 and at length declineil altogether. Maving refused this kind of money, the banks and 
 government institutions could not pay it out as change, and therefore availed them- 
 selves of the Canadian silver, and this was its only use for a number of years, circulating 
 as a gold currency between banks and depositors. 
 
 CCXCI. Ohv. As CCLXXXVIII, but poorly executed. 
 Rev. As CCLXXXVIII, but the crown is poorly done and not straight; 
 the date is smaller. Nickel, plated. Size 23 m, R 4. 
 
 This coin is a counterfeit, struck from dies, in nickel or base silver and plated ; it 
 is somewhat rare, as I have never seen more than two specimens. There is also a 
 counterfeit in lead, cast in moulds. 
 
 Tht 
 
("ANADIAX NUMISMATICS. 
 
 73 
 
 MKDAI.S. 
 
 CCXCII. (^hv. (iKORdius III DKi cKAiiA Yoiitlifiil bust of Georj^'e III 
 in armor to tlit; riijht. There are seven rivets down tin; front of the annor. 
 
 Rev. Arms of (ireat Mritaiii. Those of luii^l.uul and Scotland impaled 
 in the first quarter, France in the second, Ireland in i\\v. third, and Hanover in 
 the fourth. The whole is surrounded by the ii;;art(;r. inscriixnl iioni . soil'. (,)iii • 
 MAI,- V • I'KNSH Crest, a crown. Supporters, a unicorn on the rijjjht ami a lion 
 on the left. Motto, dikli • i:t . mon . nuoir ; below the motto is a rose and a 
 thistle. The lion's paw touches the n in iionm. Silver. Size 7S m. R 6. 
 
 There is a crack across the shoulder in this medal. The specimen in my collection 
 was obtained from the widow of one of the I^ake of the Two Mountain Indians., It 
 had been given to her husband's grandfather for services rendered during the concjuest 
 of Canada. 
 
 CCXCII I. Obv. As the last, with i;i<^ht rivc^ts in the front part of the 
 armor and other slio^ht differences. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the paw of the lion only reaches the i in iioxi. 
 There are also many other minor differences. Silver. Size 76 m. R 6. 
 
 There is no crack in this medal, otherwise its general appearance is the same as 
 the last. The one in my collection was procured from one of the Caughnawaga Indians. 
 I am under the impression that it was given for services rendered at the time of the 
 conquest, but why there should have been two pairs of dies prepared I know not, as the 
 number of medals required could not have been great. Probably the cracked die gave 
 way before the right number had been struck. 
 *' 
 
 CCXCIV. O/rv. As CCXCII. 
 
 Rev. As CCXCII. Silver. Size 38 m. R 6. 
 
 I have only met with one medal of this size and design ; it was purchased from 
 an old collector who many years ago got it from an Indian. Its diameter is less than 
 half that of the larger one. As the Indians seem to have taken great delight in large 
 medals, I cannot tell why the smaller one was struck. If, as it has been stated, the 
 larger ones were given to the chiefs and the smaller ones to the rank and file, the latter 
 medal would have been far more plentiful. 
 
 CCXCV. Obv. Bust of Geori^e III to the right and that of Queen 
 Charlotte to the left facing. Above the heads is a curtain tied up with cord 
 ard tassels. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCXCII. Silver. Size 38 m. R 6. 
 
 The reverse of this medal is exactly the same as the last, and it must have been 
 struck about the same time. George III was married September 8, 1761. On this 
 
74 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 occasion, the Indians, ever profuse in their expressions of loyalty, forwarded to the 
 "great father" an address of congratulation, which the king gratefully acknowledged by 
 causing these medals to be struck and distributed among the f'.."thful red men. 
 
 CCXCVI. Obv. As CCXCIl, but the features are somewhat older. 
 
 Rev. As CCXCIl, but the; arms of England occupy the first and fourth 
 quarter on the shield, with Scotland second and Ireland third, while those of 
 Hanover are placed on an escutcheon of pretence. Silver. Size 60 m. R. 6. 
 
 This medal was struck for distribution among the Indians who took part in the 
 war with the United States during the Revolution. Most of the Indians were the 
 faithful allies of the British, and, notwithstanding the eloquent protest of Pitt in the 
 House of Commons, fought fiercely in many a battle and skirmish throughout the war, 
 and at its conclusion wore these medals proudly, as mementcs of having nobly helped 
 to drive the invaders from Canadian soil. One chieftain was so loyal, that he, with the 
 larger portion of his tribe, abandoned a valuable reserve in Western New York to settle 
 under adverse circumsi mces under British rule in Canada. 
 
 CCXCV^II. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. A large lion reclining, in the foreground, with a wolf on the right 
 snarling at him. A church with two hou .es behind it in the background, trees 
 and shrubbery on either side. Size 5S m. R 6. 
 
 1 have been at a loss to know on what account this was struck, but in a catalogue 
 of British war medals and decorations sold in London about four years ago, it is de- 
 scribed as an Indian chief's medal. It brought £,^ \'j. (^^49) in poor condition. While 
 the lion is in high relief, the church in the background is in low relief and poorly done. 
 That part of the medal in most specimenii is almost obliterated by wear. The specimen 
 in my collection came originally from an old sailor" who held command of a sloop on 
 Lake Ontario. It is likely that the design represents the American wolf frightened 
 away from Canada, represented by the church, by British vigilance, the lion. 
 
 CCXCVI II. Obv. (iKOKcnvs 111 dki (jratia britanniarvm rex f : d : 
 Laureated bust of George III with elderly feature?, to the right; the bust is 
 dra])ed with a mantle and decorated with the Order of the Garter. Under the 
 bust, v. wvoN. JUN : s : 
 
 Rtv. Ex. 1814 Arms of Great Britain as in CCXCVI, but the crest is a 
 crowned lion to the left standing oti a crown that surmounts a helmet; iiehind 
 the helmet is an elaborate mantling. ihe shamrock also accompanies the 
 rose and thistle at the bottom. Silver. Size 7 5 m. R 6. 
 
 This was given to the Indians for services rendered during the war of 1812. This 
 medal and those above described are always spoken of as chiefs' medals ; but I am 
 under the impression that they were given to every Indian who followed the war path 
 during the campaign. 
 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 75 
 
 I a 
 
 Id 
 It' 
 
 
 r 
 
 CCXCIX. Obv. viCTOkiA i)Ki ckATiA liRiTAXMARUM RWUNA F: D: Dia- 
 denied htad ol Victoria to the y'xght. Under the neck, w. wvox. k. a. 
 
 J'icv. Ex. 1840. Arms as the last, without the arms of Hanover on the 
 escutcheon of pretence. Silver. Size 75 m. R 6. 
 
 This medal is the rarest of the series. The specimen from which I have taken 
 this description is the only one known to me, and is in the collection of Mr. W. V. B. 
 Hall of this city. It was given for services during the rebellion of 1837. 
 
 CCC. Obv. CANADIAN I'kizE GkEAT EXHIBITION 1 85 1 Similar to the 
 arms of the Earl of Elgin,* consisting of a St. Andrew's cross occupying the 
 lower two-thirds of a shield ; in the upper left hand corner is a Hon rampant. 
 Crest, an earl's coronet. On either side of the shield are Scotch thistles. 
 
 Rev. THE EAki. OF ELGIN AND KiNCARDiXE K. 1. A Wreath of laurel ; at 
 the top a beaver ; at the bottom, r5. wyon sc. Size 37 m. R 6. 
 
 This medal was awarded to Canadian exhibitors at the Great Exhibition in London 
 in ?5i, by the Earl of Elgin, who was at that time Governor General of Canada. 
 
 CCCI. <^^^t'. Sane asCXXXVl. 
 
 Rev. TO i COXBHiMOkATE | THE VISIT OF | AERERT EDWARD | I'klNCE OF 
 
 WALES I o I CANADA | 1860 Inscription in eight lines within a wreath of 
 laurel ; at the bottom of the wreath the Prince of Wales feathers and motto. 
 White .1 etal. Size 43 m. C. 
 
 This medal was struck in Birmingham for Messrs. Savage & Lyman, Jewelers, 
 Montreal, and sold to diose who took part in the procession on the occasion of the 
 Prince of Wales's viijii. 
 
 CCCII. Obv. As CXXXVI, but the moustache is wanting, with other 
 slight differences. 
 
 Rev. S-jme as the last. White metal. Size 4;; 
 
 m. 
 
 R 6. 
 
 It seems that one or two obverse dies had already been prepared for other medals 
 relatinr.^ to the Prince, and these were used in striking the Canadian ones. The .speci- 
 men in my collection is the only one of this variety known to me. Sandham describes 
 it — rJo. 18, page 56, of his work. 
 
 CCCIH. Obv. As CXXXVI, but the inscription is in Roman t)p(; in- 
 stead of Ciothic, and the head in much higher relief. 
 
 Rev. Same as CCCI. White metal. Size 43 m. R 4. 
 
 Thio medal was ir iportcd and sold by Messrs. J. E. Ellis & Co., Jewelers, Toronto; 
 it is much rnnxr than the one issued by Savage & Lyman of Montreal. 
 
 * Tlic (Icviie IS iiueiuk'il lo rcprcscnl tlie .imis of the Su|)))oiicrs. Iwo savages frufi r, wreallicd .nlioiit tlie Icni- 
 
 l')aii of Klf^in, wliicli arc iiowcvor, as givtii in Hviike's pies ami loids wiili lauii'l iir/. .Mollo, I'l iMls. Tlii' 
 
 IVi'iagc as follows: ( V, a salliie and iliief ,^«/i .f ,' on a salliii ami iliiei aie for Mrmi' o( .Annandnk* and llie t.inlon 
 
 canton nrgcul a lion ranipani nziir, armed and langucil for Uruee of Skellim. 
 i,'///,'j. Crest, a lion (passant) with tail e.xtended nziirf. 
 
 
76 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCIV. Obv. GRAND LODGE OF ANCIENT FREE AND ACCEPl'ED MASONS 
 
 OF CANADA Masonic arms.* Supporters, two cherubims. Crest, the Ark of 
 the Covenant with Hebrew characters. Beneath is the motto, audi \ii'i; tace 
 
 Rev. TO I COMMEMORATl' | IIIF | iU|i53'^|(^ | CONSUMMATED | I4'" JULY 
 
 1858 within a wreath of laurel to the left and maple leaves to the right. f 
 Size 42 m. R 2. 
 
 The dies for this mecUil were en<;raved in Toronto by Mr. Wheeler. They are 
 now in the possession of Mr. R. Hendry of Montreal, who struek the medals required 
 by the Grand Lodge. 
 
 CCCV. Obv. A Communion altar with two wine cups and a plate of 
 bread thereon. 
 
 Rev. TMLS DO IN I REMEMBRANCE | OF ME | 1 COR. .\L 24 SizC 26 m. R 2. 
 
 The dies for this Communion token were prepared in New York for Mr. James 
 Croil, who is Seeretary of the Presbyterian Hoard. Tliey are now in Montreal, and 
 tokens are struck off when orders are received from any of the country churches. 
 
 CCCVI. Obv. A Communion table, with the four legs joined by a cross 
 piece. There is an ornament in the centre of the cross piece. On the taole 
 is one wine cup and a plate of bread. 
 
 Rev. THIS DO IN" I REMEMnRAN( I', | OF MF. | 1. ("OK. \i. 24 within a beaded 
 border with ornaments at corners. Leatl. Shape, a parallelogram with corners 
 truncated. Size 20 by 28 m. R 3. 
 
 This token was obtained from Guelph, and is used in a number of other churches 
 in Canada. 
 
 CCCVI I. Obv. As the last, but the ornament in the cross piece of the 
 table is wanting. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Corner pieces different. Lead. Size 20 by 28 m. R 3. 
 
 This token I |:;()t from Mr. Croil, with the statement that it was in use in some of 
 the countrv churches. 
 
 PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA. 
 
 Nova Scotia is second only to the Province of Quebec in the number of 
 its coins, while it even (>\cceds that Province in the earlier issues. iM-om this 
 we gather, that at the beginning of the century th(; merchants of Halifa.x, by 
 whom these early tokens were issued, were possessed of sufficient enterprise, 
 in default of a government coinage, to pro\ide an ample Colonial currency. 
 
 * These .inns, wliicb nrc tliose of the '".rand LikIiji' of t Wlicn the metal is not mentioned the niechnl orciirs 
 
 '".nnatia, and the mcthd itself, .ire destriiied in fidl 1)\ in more than one. As of the present medal, for instanee, 
 
 Marvin in his work on Masonii ' '.edals, .\X\' I. Sie I have spceimens struek in silver, eoppir and white 
 
 also Vol. XI, p. 5, of this Jotirnal. metal, and a lew have also been struck in brass. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 77 
 
 CCCX'Ill. Obv. BROKE HALIFAX NOVA SCOTIA A bust to the left in mili- 
 tai")' costume ; two buttons only are shown on the coat. 
 
 Rev. iikn\N.\iA Rx. 1 8 14 Britannia to the left, with a sprig^ in her 
 riuht hand ami a trident in her left ; one of the prong^s of the trident is 
 slanting^ sli^htl)- outwartls and touches the second i in Britannia. Before 
 her is an enga^i^ement between two war vessels. Copper. Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 Broke was the comniander of the victorious Shannon that captured the American 
 frigate Chesapeake nn the ist of June, 18 13, outside Boston harhor. On the 6th of 
 June he entered Halifa.x harbor with his prize. Broke was the hon of the town's people 
 during his stay. 
 
 CCCIX. Obv. As the last, but with three buttons on the coat. 
 Rev. As the last, but the prong of the trident does not touch the 1. 
 Copper. Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 As this was the most decisive naval victory for the British during the war of 
 'Si 2-14, and coming after a number of defeats, it was little wonder that the issuers of 
 x.\ ■> token should thus commemorate and hand down to posterity the name of the 
 y Uant commander. 
 
 CCCX. Obv. .Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the prongs of the trident are straight, the water 
 also is farther from the border of the coin. Copper. Size 26 m. R 4. 
 
 These tokens are seldom met with in good condition, thi relief being rather low. 
 The milling on the edge is poorly and uncveniv done. 
 
 CCCXI. Obv. . HALF rEXNV TOKEN . 1814 Bust of Georgc III to the 
 right, laureated and draped. 
 
 Rev. I'AVABLK BY cARRiiT c% ALPORT Ex. HALIFAX A man of war to the 
 right, with lower sails furled. Copper. Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 The war vessel here represented is intended to commemorate the entry of the 
 Shannon with her jirize into Halifax harbor. 
 
 1 ;i 
 
 
 CCCXll. Obv. . HALFPENNY TOKEN . 1814 Bust of George 1 11 hiureated 
 and draped, within an inner circle. 
 
 Rev. . PAN ABLE BY HosTERMAX h E'lTER . HALIFAX Front vlcw of a buildiug 
 with four Doric cohunns. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 The l)uihling In re represented is the Merchants Kxchange, Halifax, which is still 
 standing. Iliis tokcp is much heavier than any of the other private tokens issued in 
 the Province. 
 
 CCCXll 1. Obv. HALFPENNY TOKEN 1815 Bust of George III to the 
 riglu, laureated and draped. 
 
78 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 This is a much lighter piece than the last. The firm findin<j^ that in giving full 
 weight their honesty was not appreciated, reduced the weight of their second coinage. 
 
 CCCXIV. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. . I'ANAHi.K BY JOHN ALEx" HAKRV . HALIFAX A ship Under full sail to 
 the right. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 Although the bust on this coin is different from the last, their close resemblance 
 in size and finish shows that they were executed by the same engraver. 
 
 CCCXV. Odv. As CCCXIII, but the bust is larger and the date smaller. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 The obverses of some of the English tokens were used in striking these coin'^. 
 The issue must have been large, as many of these coins are still found in circulation in 
 good condition. 
 
 CCCXVI. Odv. As CCCXIII. 
 
 Rev. Ex. UAi.n-'AX A ship under full sail to the right ; a ship in the dis- 
 tance to the left. Copper. Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 Some collectors claim that there is a second variety of this token whereon the 
 distant ship iloes not appear ; but as many specimens of this coin are not -.v'ell struck 
 up, tlic fine lines are wanting, which may account for the absence of the second ship. 
 
 CCCXVII. Obv. .STARR k SHANNON HAiJiAX . 1815 An Indian and 
 hound as in CCXXXV. 
 
 Rev. HALFPENNY TOKEN NovAscoTiA A ship imdcr full sail to the right. 
 Copper. Size 28 m. R 2. 
 
 The style of workmanship tlisplaycd on this coin closely resembles the sloop half- 
 pennies. 
 
 CCCXVIII. Obv. As the last, but the fcuithers on the arrow are ver)' 
 taint and the barb smaller. 
 Rev. As the last. 
 
 I was at first inclinei! to omit this \ariety, thinking that the difference was the 
 result of careless striking, but a closer examination rewaieil that it must have been 
 struck from a different die. 
 
 the S£ 
 two S( 
 
 havin 
 
 last. 
 
 CCCXIX. Obv. Same as CCXXXV. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. .Si/e 28 m. R 3. 
 
 This specimen, although not common, nnist have been plentiful at the time of 
 issue. The obverse is exactly like the first of the sloop half-pennies, and the reverse 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 79 
 
 the same as that appearing on the Starr and Shannon tokens. This shows that these 
 two series of tokens were struck at the same establishment. 
 
 CCCXX. Obv. HALFPENNY TOKEN 18T5 Within an inner circle a keg 
 having its head inscribed spikes | nails with &c on the side. 
 
 Rev. IMPORTERS OF IRONMONGERY \\k\s >\VARE &c. Within an inner circle, 
 PAYABLE I BY | MILES w. | WHITE | HALIFAX | N s Copper. Size 28 m. R 3. 
 
 Hardware firms seem to have done the larger part of this business of supplying 
 the country with copper change. 
 
 CCCXXI. Obv. WHOLESALE & RETAIL HARDWARl- STORE * Ex. 1816 A 
 
 large building with a gateway in the centre. 
 
 Rev. HALIFAX NOVASCOTIA A keg Standing on end inscribed round the 
 centre spikes and on the end nails; above it are two spades crossed, to the 
 left a scythe and to the right a sickle. Copper. Size 25 m. R 3. 
 
 The building represented on this token was no doubt the warehouse of the firm 
 issuing the coin. It seems to have been a wooden structure with no architectural 
 beauty worthy of commemoration. 
 
 CCCXXI I. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. payable at w. a. i- s. black's. Halifax, n. s. • Device same as the 
 last. Copper. Size 25 m. R 2. 
 
 '^he name of the firm having been omitted from the previous token, a new die 
 was made and the issue of the earlier tokens stopped. 
 
 CCCXXI II. Obv. PAYABLE at W. L WHITE's. HALIFAX HOUSE HALIFAX. N. S 
 
 In the field, one farthing. 
 
 Rev. w. L. white's. Halifax house Halifax. In the field, cheap [ dry 
 GOODS I store. Copper. Size 22 m. R 5. 
 
 This is the only coin of this denomination that seems to have been issued in 
 Canada ; farthings never have been received with favor in any of the Provinces. 
 
 \ 
 
 CCCXXIV. Obv. payable at the store of j. brown A ship with sails 
 furled, to the right. 
 
 Rev. nemo me impune lacessit A four-leaved thistle. Copper. Size 
 26 m. R 2. 
 
 This token is described by . ndsay in his second supplement to the Coinage of 
 Scotland, No. 94, page 28. I have strong doubts about its being a Canadian coin, but 
 as it is usually classed by Canadian collectors with their Nova Scotian coins, I describe 
 i*- here. 
 
8o 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCXXV. Obv. . RonKRT purves- ( chkap | family | store | Wallace 
 Rev. ENC(JURAGE | COUNTRY | IMPORTERS Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 Purves was engaged in business for a number of years in Wallace, with a branch 
 at Tatamagauche. He was not successful, and died about 1876. 
 
 CCCXXM. Obv. NOVA SCOTIA AND NEW BRUNSWICK Ex. SUCCESS A 
 
 ship under full sail to the right. 
 
 Rev. HALFPENNY TOKEN A figure of Commerce to the left, seated on a 
 bale of goods, with a pair of scales in her right hand and a cornucopia in her 
 left ; a ship in front in the distance. Copper. Size 28 m. R 5. 
 
 This is one of the rarest of the Nova Scotia tokens. I suppose this piece was 
 struck by some one who favored the often mooted union of the lower Provinces as 
 Acadia. 
 
 CCCXXVII. Obv. HALIFAX STEAMBOAT COMPANY A Small sidc-whecl 
 steamer, with upper sails set, to the left. 
 
 Rev. FERRY I TOKEN Copper. Size 19 m. R 6. 
 
 I only know of the existence of two of these tokens, both of which passed through 
 the hands of Mr. Woodward of Roxbury, Mass. This Company ran ferries between 
 some of the outlying villages in Halifax harbor and the city. 
 
 CCCXXVII 1. Obv. PROVINCE OF NOVA SCOTIA Bust of George IV to 
 the left, laureated anr' '-aped. 
 
 Rev. HALFPENNY oKEN 1823 A two-lcaved tliistle ; the stem of the 
 thistle is directly over the 8. Copper. Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 These token.s are a sort of semi-official currency, similar to the bank tokens issued 
 in the Province of Canada. No coins, except those struck at or by order of the Royal 
 Mint could be issued officially by the Provincial Government. 
 
 CCCXXIX. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the stem of the thistle is a little to the right of the 8. 
 Copper. Size 29 m. R 3. 
 
 Tliesc tokens could not have been issued for profit, as they are of the lull standanl 
 weight. 
 
 CCCXXX. Obv. PROVINCE (»F NovA=sc(aiA Bust as in CCCXXVIII. 
 The head is one millimeter below the inscription. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXVIII, with difterences in the arrangement of the spines 
 in the thisue leaves. Copper. Size 29 m. R 3. 
 
 This seems a transition in the writing oJ Nova Scotia, from the old way, as one 
 word, to that of two words, as at present. 
 
 \ 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 8i 
 
 CCCXXXl. Obv. As the last, but the head is closer to the inscription, 
 and the f is directly over the middle leaf in the wreath. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXVIII, with differences in the thistle leaves. Copper. 
 Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 The edges of these pieces are coarsely milled or engrailed. 
 
 CCCXXXl I. Obv. As CCCXXX, but there is a lock of hair stretching 
 up in front of the n in nova. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXVIII, slightly different. Copper. Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 Sandham describes a penny of 1823, but as no Nova Scotia penny of that date 
 has been met with by collectors, I have omitted it. 
 
 , 
 
 CCCXXXIII. Obv. As CCCXXX, but a lock of hair stretches up 
 between o and k in ok. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXVIII, slightly different in detail. Copper. Size 29 m. 
 R2. 
 
 These varieties of the 1823 half-pennies differ in other particulars, especially in 
 the portrait. On some of thei^ it is much younger than on others. 
 
 CCCXXXl V. Obv. PROVINCE (JF nova .scotia Bust as in CCCXXVIII. 
 with the top leaf in the wreath touching the f. 
 
 Rei\ ONE I'ENNV TOKEN 1 824 A two-leavcd thistle. Copper. Size 34 m. 
 R2. 
 
 This is the earliest penny token issued in any of the I'rovinces, Nova Scotia being 
 thirteen years ahead of the Province of Quebec, which first issued pennies in 1837. 
 
 ml 
 
 CCCXXXV. Obv. As CCCXXXIV, with a leaf in the wreath direcdy 
 under f. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXXIV, thistle leaves slightly different. Copper. Size 34 m. 
 
 These coins, although inferior to the copper coiii.Tge of the parent government, 
 are not wanting in art; the bust of the king stands out in bold relief, and is as good a 
 portrait as can be found on the more highly finished coins. 
 
 I. 
 
 ic 
 
 CCCXXXVI. Obv. As CCCXXXIV. The '.op leaf in the wreath almost 
 touches the n in nova. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXXIV, with slight differences. Copper. Size 34 m. R 2. 
 
 From the number of varieties of these coins, we should judge lliat there must 
 have been an abundant issue of copper coinage for such a small Province. 
 
 ill 
 

 82 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCXXXVII. Obv. As CCCXXXIV, with four leaves in the wreath 
 under the ok. 
 
 Rev. iiM.M'KNNY TOKEN 1824 Thistle as in CCCXXVIII. Copper. Size 
 29 m. R 2. 
 
 The half-pennies of this date arc not so heavy as those of 1823, 
 
 CCCXXXVIII. Obv. As CCCXXXIV, with a leaf in the wreath touch- 
 ing the N in nova. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXXVII, the spines in the leaves differently arranged. 
 Copper. Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 There is less drapery shown on the half-pennies of 1824 than on those of 1823. 
 
 CCCXXXIX. Obv. As CCCXXXIV. 
 
 Rev. ONE I'ENNV TOKEN 1 832 Thistle as in CCCXXVIII. Copper. Size 
 33 m- C. 
 
 The coinage of 1832 is the most common of all the thistle series; it still circulates, 
 although it is not so abundant since the introduction of cents. 
 
 CCCXL. Obv. As CCCXXXIV. 
 
 Rev. iiAi.iTKNNV TOKEN 1832 Thistle as in CCCXXVIII. Copper. Size 
 28 m. C. 
 
 I have only noticed a single variety of the penny and half-penny of 1832. These 
 show the same peculiarity as does the "Province of Upper Canada half-penny token," 
 No. CCXLVI, having been struck with the portrait of Georjre IV, two years after 
 his death. 
 
 CCCXLI. Obv. As CCCXXXIV, but very poorly executed. There is 
 a lock of hair under the ok. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXXIX. One spine in the thisde leaf close to e in token. 
 Copper. Size 34 m. R 3. 
 
 This is a counterfeit, probably the work of a local engraver; the relief is so low 
 that these coins are seldom found in good condition. 
 
 CCCXLII. Obv. CCCXLI. A leaf in the wreath is directly under 
 the K. The bow has three ends, one broad one, with a narrow one on either 
 side. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXXIX, but the spine is much farther from the e in token. 
 Copper. Size 34 m. R 2. 
 
 This is even poorer than the last ; the workmanship is different, showing that 
 there must have been more than one engraver engaged in this counterfeiting business. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 83 
 
 CCCXLIIl. Obv. As CCCXLII. Two leaves in the wreath stretching 
 up between the oi" and nova. Two ends to the bow, one ver)' broad. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXXXIX. The stem of the thistle between the 8 and 3. 
 The ball consists of dots. Copper. Size 33 m. R 2. 
 
 Many of these counterfeits are struck in a light-colored copper, which might 
 almost be classed as brass. 
 
 - CCCXLIV. Obv. As CCCXLl. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXL, but poorly executed. The stem of the thistle is directly 
 over the 3. Copper. Size 28 m. R 2. 
 
 It is difficult to i;ive the relative degree of scarcity of these varieties, as they are 
 not sought after by collect rs, so as to make known those that are most difficult to 
 obtain. 
 
 CCCXLV. Obv. As CCCXLl. 
 
 Rev. As the last. The end of the stem points between the 8 and 3. The 
 leaves are narrower, and the stems more pointed. Copper. Size 2"^ m. R 3. 
 
 The obverses of these counterfeits are so nearly alike in detail, that it is hardly 
 possible to point out by a verbal description the differences that exist. 
 
 CCCXLYI. Obv. As CCCXLl. 
 
 Rev. As CCCX.LI1L Stem between the 8 and 3. A small leaflet issues 
 from the stem just above the leaf on the left. Copper. Size 28 m. R 2. 
 
 The figures in the date are different in all the varieties, showing tiiat they were 
 engraved rather than sunk with punches. 
 
 CCCXLVIL Obv. As CCCXLL The stem as the last. The 3 in the 
 date is so nearly like an 8 that it appears at first glance to be 1882. Copper. 
 Size 28 m. R 3. 
 
 This counterfeiting business must have been continued for some years, judging 
 from the number of varieties issued. 
 
 CCCXLVIIL Obv. As CCCXLL 
 
 Rev. As CCCXLIU, but the date is 1382. Copper. Size 2S ni. R 6. 
 
 I have only met with one specimen bearing this date. This singular mistake, 
 making the coin appear to be five hundred years older than it really is. might cause 
 some learned numismatist of future ages to fall ii to a grievous error as to the time of 
 the founding of the colony of Nova Scotia. 
 
84 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCXLIX. Ohv. I'KoviNCK OK NOVA SCOTIA Head of Victoria to the 
 left. Ihe iiair at the back of the head is finely frinj^ed. 
 
 Rev. oNK riiNNY token 1840 A two-leaved thistle. Copper. Size 34 m. 
 R 2. 
 
 The lapse of eight years between this and the previous coinage shows that the 
 latter must have been a large one. The interval between the coinage of 1832 and that 
 of 1824 was also eight years. 
 
 CCCL. Obv. As the last, but the back hair is more coarsely fringed. 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. Si/.e 34 m. R i. 
 
 Although struck at a later period, this coinage is if anything inferior in art to its 
 predecessor, as the features of the queen are altogether unrecognizable in the female 
 head shown thereon. 
 
 C(XLI. Obv. As CCCXLIX, but the queen has very small, thin lips. 
 Rev. MALFPF.NNV TOKEN 1 840 Small o in 1840. Copper. Size 29 m. 
 R 1. 
 
 The small lips on this coin render the face of the queen less pleasant than in the 
 other coins of this series. 
 
 R I. 
 
 CCCLII. Obv. As CCCLI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLI, but the o in 1840 is much larger. Copper. Size 29 m. 
 
 Although differing in detail from the last, it is in appearance as devoid of beauty. 
 
 CCCLIIL Obv. As CCCLL but the lips are larger and more open. 
 Rev. As CCCLII, the o not quite so large. Size 29 m. C. 
 
 The head of the queen displayed on this coinage is a poor copy of that found on 
 the silver issue of the mother country. The hair has two bands at the top and one at 
 the back. 
 
 Siz 
 Ch 
 
 CCCLIV. Obv. As CCCXLIX. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXLIX, date 1843. Copper. Size 34 m. C. 
 
 I have only been able to distinguish one variety of the penny of this date, although 
 it is likely that there were more than one pair of dies prepared for this issue. 
 
 CCCLV, Obv. As CCCLI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLI, date 1843 : the truncation of the stem is short and 
 broad. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 The coinage of 1843 is only a slight improvement on that of 1840, the head of the 
 queen being an approach to a likeness. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 8S 
 
 CCCLVI. Obv. As CCCLI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLV, but the truncation is longer and more pointed. Copper. 
 Size 28 m. C. 
 
 The coinage of 1843 is the last of the thistle series. Althouj^h Sandham and 
 Christmas mention another as having been struck in 1856, such is not the case. 
 
 CCCLVI I. Obv. As CCCLI. but with the n's broader. 
 Rev. As CCCLVI. Copper. .Size 28 m. R i. 
 
 There are other differences. Evidently a different punch was used in sinking the 
 n's on this die from that used upon others of this date, 
 
 CCCLVIII. Obv. VICTORIA : n : c; : hrit.xnm.vk : i<E(; : f : d : 1856. Dia- 
 demed head of Victoria to the left. Under the head in small letters, i.. c. w. 
 
 Rev. I'RoviNCE OF NOVA .SCOTIA ONE PENNY TOKEN A large Sprig of May 
 flowers with leaves and blossoms occupying the whole field. Copjr.r. Size 
 33 m. R I. 
 
 This coinage equals in design and execution that issued from the Royal Mint. 
 The initials are those of L. C. Wyon, the predecessor of the celebrated medallists 
 J. S. & A. B. Wyon of London. 
 
 CCCLIX. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. PROVINCE OF NOVA .SCOTIA HALFPENNY TOKEN May flowcrs as the last. 
 Copper. Size 28 m. R 4. 
 
 One would almost be inclined to consider this a regular government coinage, it is 
 so far ahead of the other issues in execution, but the word "token " precludes us from 
 classing it higher than an issue with the sanction of the Colonial Government. 
 
 CCCLX. Obv. As CCCLVIII, but the figures in the date are much 
 farther apart, and the letters l c w are wanting. 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 This issue was struck by Ralph Heaton & Sons, of Birmingham. 
 
 CCCLXI. Obv. VICTORIA D : G : uritt : reg : f : d ; Laureated bust of 
 Victoria to the left. 
 
 Rev. one CENT NOVA SCOTIA A wreath of rose and May flower within the 
 wreath ; enclosed by a beaded circle is a crown, under the crown 1861. Bronze. 
 Size 25 m. R i. 
 
 This is the first official coin issued for the Province. No silver was issued, as the 
 standard adopted by the Province when the old pounds, shillings and pence were dis- 
 carded, differed from that of the Province of Canada and the United States. The 
 
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 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 pound was equal to five dollars, whereas it only passed current in Canada for $4.86^. 
 The silver shilling could therefore circulate in Nova Scotia for twenty-five cents. 
 Issue 800,000. 
 
 CCCLXII. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. HALi CENT NOVA .SCOTIA Wreath and crown as on the last. Copper. 
 Size 20 m. R 2. 
 
 The English sixpence passing current for twelve and a half cents made the half 
 cent a necessity. This is the reason for the issue of a coin of a smaller denomination 
 than any that had heretofore circulated in the Province. Issue 400,000. 
 
 CCCLXII 1. Obv. As CCCLXI, but the letters are large and closer. 
 The bust also is larger, and the ribbons tying the hair broader. 
 Rev. As the last. Bronze. Size 25 m. R 6. 
 
 This is a pattern piece, and is the commonest of the patterns issued for the colo- 
 nies. It was rejected because the bust was too full. 
 
 CCCLXIV. Obv. As CCCLXI. 
 
 Rev. . NOVA-SCOTIA HALF CENT. icS6 1 . A crown within a wreath composed 
 of roses and rose leaves. Bronze. Size 20 m. R 6. 
 
 AI.SO a pattern, in which the reverse only differs from the regular issue. I do not 
 see why this design was not adopted, as the inscription is much more distinct than the 
 one selected. 
 
 CCCLXV. (9^t^. As CCCLXI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLXII. but the date is i8(52. Bronze. Size 25 m. R 3. 
 
 Sandham mentions a corresponding half cent of this date, but I have never come 
 across a specimen, and no mention is made in the report of the mint of any issue of 
 half cents in that year. Although the Mint records give 1,000,000 as the issue for the 
 year, this is by far the scarcest of the Nova Scotia cents. 
 
 CCCLXVl. Obv. As CCCLXII. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLXI, but the date is 1864. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 The ol)verse of this .series of coins so closely resembles the halfpennies issued in 
 England, that they can Inrdly be distinguished except by the reverse. Issue 80,000. 
 
 
 CCCLXVII. Obv. As CCCLXI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLXII, but the date is 1864. Bronze. Size 20 m. R 3. 
 
 This is the last coinage for the Province. Three years afterwards, by the Confed- 
 eration Act, it became part of the Dominion of Canada. Issue 400,000. 
 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 87 
 
 I6f 
 Its. 
 
 er. 
 
 lalf 
 ion 
 
 ler. 
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 ied ■ 
 
 not 
 the 
 
 MEDALS. 
 
 CCCLXVIII. Obv. Same as CXXlX. 
 
 Rez>. Same as obverse of CXXX. Copper, brass, silver. Size 44 m. R 3. 
 
 The obverse and reverse of this medal occur with the reverse of two medals 
 relating to the capture of Quebec. 
 
 CCCLXIX. Obv. A prostrate naked female figure on a rock pointing to 
 an inverted fleur-de-lis. Resting on the female is a globe, inscribed in their 
 proper places, ianada amkkka; tc the left is a soldier with a musket and 
 bayonet, and to the right a sailor with his hat raised. Between them is a 
 scroll inscribed paritkk • in • bklla behind the globe is the Union Jack ; and 
 above Fame blowing a trumpet, and in her left hand two laurel wreaths ; in 
 the distance are five boats and a high rock. To the left, on the rock in the 
 foreground, r. pfnco. k. 
 
 Rei'. LovisHOVRG . TAKKN . .MDCci.viii In the foreground is a battery shell- 
 ing a fortified town to the right. To the left a lighthouse on the ocean, in 
 front of the battery are eight war vessels and a number of small boats, one of 
 the former is in flames. Silver and bronze. Size 44 m. R 5. 
 
 This is the best executed medal relating to the conquest of Canada. The design 
 represents New England as a sailor rejoicing with the British soldier at the expulsion 
 of France (the nude figure), from the American continent. 
 
 me 
 of 
 he 
 
 m 
 
 CCCLXX. Obv. o • FAIR • nRiTANMA • HAIL Ex. I. KIRK. F. A female 
 head to the left with a Phrygian cap before, and a trident behind. 
 
 Rev. i.ovisHovRc; • takkn • .mihci.vim Ex. i. kirk, f Victory marching to 
 the right holding on her left shoulder a pole supporting a shield with a fleur- 
 de-lis, an ancient cuirass and a palm branch ; in her right hand she holds a 
 large fish, with several small fish about its mouth. Bronze and silver. Size 
 41 m. R 5. 
 
 Mr. Appleton in Vol. IX, page 2, of the American yonnial of iVmnismntics, des- 
 cribes this medal and there calls the fish a codfish, whereas it is just possible it may be 
 intended to represent a dolphin as one of the emblem.s of France. 
 
 ;d- 
 
 P 
 
 CCCLXXI. Obv. Similar to the last, but without the name of the 
 engraver. 
 
 Rev. i.ovisHovRG TAKEN • MDCCI.VIII Fame standing on the prow of an 
 ancient war vessel ; over her left shoulder she holds a palm branch and in her 
 right hand a laurel wreath. Bronze. Size 39 m. R 6. 
 
88 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 The specimen in my collection shows a deep crack in the die over the word 
 Loiiisbourg. Sandham describes a medal with a similar reverse, No. 9, page 53. The 
 obverse is the same as CXXV. Such a medal I have not been able to trace in any 
 collection. He seems to have taken his description of this medal from an error in the 
 description of the Quebec medal, CXXV, in the Mickley Sale, Oct. 1867, No. 2881. 
 
 CCCLXXII. Obv. adm! i'.oscawen . took . cape . breton Bust of 
 Admiral Boscawen in armor to the rij^ht. 
 
 Rev. LouisiJouKC Ex. iul 26 1 758 A rude view of the town and harbor 
 of Louisbourg: a fort on the hill to the right behind the town. In the 
 foreground is the ocean, with four war vessels. Copper. Size 40 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal is poor in workmanship; the ships are of a primitive style, more like 
 Chinese junks, the men are like trees, and the perspective altogether incorrect. 
 
 CCCLXXIII. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Inscription as on the last, but there are many variations in the 
 device. There are five vessels in front of the town, the hou.ses are differently 
 arranged, and a cannon ball just fired is striking the fort. Brass. Size 40 m. 
 R4. 
 
 The obverse is identical with the last ; it must therefore be the work of the same 
 engraver, as the reverse is c(|ually inartistic. The only reason for the issue of a second 
 reverse must have been bccau.sc of the destruction of the first. 
 
 CCCLXXIV. Obv. ADM' ijoscAWKN TOOK cAi'E itKKTON Half-length figure 
 of Boscawen in naval uniform to the right. In his right hand he holds a 
 baton. 
 
 Rev. Inscription as on CCCLXXII, but the date is 1768. Device 
 similar, but the fort and town are to the left. Copper. Size 37 m. R 6. 
 
 This, although as poor work, seems to have been made by a different medallist ; 
 for a different portrait of Boscawen was used. The style of worknianship is similar to 
 that of the Vernon medals, and like them was issued to commemorate a great naval 
 victory, the capture of an American stronghold, after a short engagement by a small 
 force. The Louisbourg victory was by far the greater in its results. 
 
 CCCLXXV. Obv. .Similar to the last, but the coat has fewer buttons. 
 Rev. i-ouisiuiRG iiAKiM)UK Ex. Ill, 25 1758. Louisbourg harbor and 
 town. Similar to the last. Brass. Size 37 m. R 6. 
 
 Every specimen of the Bcscawen medals that has come within my notice is in 
 poor condition, while the other medals relating to the capture of Louisbourg are uncir- 
 culated. The Boscawen medals are more or less corroded or worn, or both. Some 
 appear as if they had been in circulation, others as if they had been buried for a 
 number of years. It is probable that these medals were struck for sale to the poorer 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 89 
 
 classes in London and other large towns in England, and after the excitement of the 
 celebration was over, the medals were thrown aside or passed into circulation. Most 
 if not all of the lioscawen medals were manufactured for Mr. Pinchbeck, who had an 
 extensive toy shop in London. He also sold a variety of fancy gooos and cheap 
 jewelry. His name has been handed down to posterity in connection with brass 
 watches, which he sold in large quantities. The Duke of Cumberland and the Admiral 
 Vernon medals were also issued by him. 
 
 CCCLXXVII. Obv, Similar to CCCLXXV. 
 
 Rev. Similar to CCCLXXV. Brass. Size 23 m. R 6. 
 
 This .seems to have been a miniature copy of CCCLXXV. It is the smallest 
 Canadian medal or medalet known to me. The letters on the whole of the series are 
 so uneven that they show that punches could not have been used in sinking them. 
 They were the work of illiterate workmen, prepared in a hurry for sale among the 
 lower ranks. 
 
 CCCLXXVIIL Obv. 10 hkave adm' ikjsc.uvkn Bust of Boscawen in 
 armor to the right. 
 
 Rev. I suRkKNDER I'RisoNKR Ex. 1 758. An officer to the rijrht kneeling 
 and presenting his sword to another officer to the left, standing and holding 
 a sword over him. Copper. Size 26 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal differs from the others of the series in the inscription and the design 
 on the reverse. Although Louisbourg is not mentioned, there is no doubt that it 
 refers to the capture of that stronghold, as no other place capitulated to Hoscawen 
 during the year 1758. 
 
 CCCLXXIX. Obv. NOVA scotia In field, i nkjn is strknctii with a 
 Maltese cross underneath, the whole partially enclosed by two sprigs of May 
 flower. 
 
 Rev. TEMi'KRANCK SOCIETY In field, TOKEN OF MEMHERsiiii' with similar 
 sprigs of May flower. White metal. Size 38 m. R 6. 
 
 This medal was struck in 1832 for distribution among the members of the Tem- 
 perance Society of Nova Scotia. The temperance movement early made progress in 
 the Province. As early as 1829 societies wore formed for the furtherance of the cause. 
 The Halifax Society was foundcl in 183 1, and established branches in different parts 
 of the Province. These medals were given to members on uniting with the Society. 
 
 CCCLXXX. Obv. PER ii'SL'.M ET CUM ii'so IN ii'so viNCEs Amis and 
 supporters as in CXCIV ; there is an angel witii a garland over the woman, 
 and the medallist's name is wa iting. 
 
 Rev. . HALIFAX ROMAN CATHOLIC TOTAI AHSTINENCE .SOCIETY. THE VERY 
 
 REV" JOHN lou(;hman. v. (;. I'RE.siDEXT. ; a Greek cross as in CXCIV' inscribed 
 
 PLEDGE I I PROMISE | TO | AH.STAIN | FROM ALL | INTO.XICATING HRINKS &' | EXCEi-T 
 
9° 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 USKD MF.DICINAI.I.Y | AND BY ORDKR OK A MKDICAI, MAN | AND TO DISCOUNTE- 
 
 NANCK I TMK | CAUSE & | rKACTiCE | OK | iNTKMrKKANc E The comcrs of the 
 cross are radiated, and contain the words founded | 24 jan^ 1841 | iiai,ikax| 
 NOVA SCOTIA White metal. Size 44 m. R 6. 
 
 This medal I purchased at one of Woodward's sales, and is the only one I know 
 of. It is very much like the medals issued by I'ather Mathew, and the Temperance 
 Society, under the auspices of which it was issued, was one of the direct results of the 
 Father Mathew movement in Ireland. 
 
 CCCLXXXI. Obv. s' ANDREWS CHURCH | prcrou | nova scotia 1850 
 Rev. THIS DO I in rememhrance I OF ME. Lead; shape oval. Size 23 by 
 13 m nearly. R 5. 
 
 This token was unknown to me until I .saw one in the British Museum. It is the 
 only token relating; to Canada that they have in their collection. 
 
 CCCLXXXII. O/w. THIS DO in remembrance ok me I. cor. XI. 24 A 
 wine cup. 
 
 Rev. sT MATHEw's | CHI K( II | iiAi.iKAX N. s. inscription ii three lines, 
 across the field ; same shape as CCLXXXII. White metal. Size 19 by 27 m. 
 R4. 
 
 St. Mathew's Church is one of the principal cliurches in Halifax. I received the 
 token from which this 'jscription is taken from the Rev. Robert Lainj^, the present 
 pastor of the church, who stated that tokens were no longer used in his church. 
 
 CCCLXXXI II, Obv. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH The burninjT bush, under 
 which is a ribbon inscribed nec tamen consumematur 
 
 Rev. "THIS do in I kememhkance I OK ME." I I. COR. XI. 24. Same as on 
 CCLXXXII. White metal. Size 19 by 27 m. R 4. 
 
 This token I obtained at the same time as the last, with the remark that it was 
 used by many of those churches which still kept up the practice of distributing tokens 
 to those eligible to partake of the Communion. 
 
 PROVINCE Ol' NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 The coins and medals of New Brunswick are much less numerous than 
 those of Nova Scotia. They arc almost devoid of historical interest, for they 
 remind us of no event in local history, and only the name of a single firm, and 
 that of hardly any note, occurs on a token. 
 
 CCCLXXXIV. Obv. Same as XXVII. 
 
 Rc:>. sT JOHN NEW BRUNSWICK.^ In the field halk | penny | token 
 Copper. Size 28 m. R 4. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 9' 
 
 This I consider to be the oldest New Brunswick token. It was probably struck 
 between 1825 and 1835. The obverse occurs on a number of tokens ot that time. 
 
 CCCLXXXV. Obv, DKrosiTORY of aris The field has a shield bearing 
 what is probably meant for the McDermot arms,* a chevron between three 
 boars' heads, erased: crest, a demi-Hon rampant holding a sce;)tre crowned. 
 Motto, HONOR KT VIRTUS. On either side of the shield are garlands of roses. 
 
 Rev. F. -M^ DKRMOrr. | IMI'ORTER | of KNGLISH, I FRFNC H «i GERMAN | FANCY 
 
 GOODS, I KING s^"!" I s-' JOHN. N. n. Coppci Size 24 m. R 5. 
 
 The firm of McDermott is not now in existence. It was only in business a short 
 time after the issue of the coin. It was struck in the United States between the 
 years 1850 and i860. 
 
 CCCLXXXVI. Obv. VICTORIA dki gratia regina 1843. Diademed head 
 of Victoria to the left. 
 
 Rev. NEW BRUNSWICK ONE I'KNNV TOKEN. A ship to the left With all sails 
 furled. Copper. Size 34 m. C. 
 
 Thi.s, like the Nova Scotia thistle series, is not a regular Government issue, 
 having been issued semi-officially. 
 
 CCCLXXXVII. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. NEW BRUNSWICK HALF I'ENNV TOKEN 1 843. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 Hi* 
 
 I have bronze proofs of both penny and half penny of this issue. I believe that 
 they were struck at the Soho mint, and that these dies came into the possession of 
 some coin dealer, who struck off the proofs in bronze. 
 
 CCCLXXXVIII. Obv. VICTORIA dei gr.viia re(;ina 1854 Head of Vic- 
 toria to the left, WW on truncation of the neck. 
 
 Rev. . NEW BRUNSWICK ONE I'ENNV CLRRENCV. Ship With sails furled to 
 the left. Copper. Size 34 m. C. 
 
 W. Wyon is the designer for the mint. The head on this coinage is the same as 
 on the old copper coinage of England. 
 
 CCCLXXXIX. Obv. As the last, but the initials are wanting. 
 Rev. • NEW BRUNSWICK HALF I'ENNV CURRENCY • Ship as the last. 
 
 This coinage was struck by Ralph Heaton & Sons, and in execution is equal to 
 any produced by them. 
 
 * According to Burke, the M.icDcrmots, chiefs of dcmi-iion rampant, holding in the dexter paw a sceptre 
 
 Moyburg, CO. Roscommon, liear argent, on a chevron crowned or. Motto, over, Honor et Virtus: Motto, 
 
 gules between three boars' heads erased, a/ure, tusked Honor probatatiue virtus. 
 and bristled or, as many cross crosslets or. Crest, a 
 
92 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCXC. Obv. Same as CCCLXI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCLXI, but the word m:\v hkunswick takes the place of nova 
 sarriA. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. The design of this cent is exactly like the cent issued the same 
 year for Nova Scotia; there must have been some arrangement between the two 
 governments. 
 
 
 
 CCCXCI. ObiK As CCCLXI. 
 
 FczK As CCCLXI I, but the word nkw hrunswick is substituted for nova 
 .SCOTIA. Bronze. Size 20 m. R 5. 
 
 There is no mention in the mint records of an issue of half cents for New Bruns- 
 wick, nor was there an order given for any by the government. The specimen in my 
 collection was found among a number of Nova Scotia half cents ordered from the 
 government at Halifax soon after their issue. It would seem that having received the 
 order from New Hrunswick for cents only, and from Nova Scotia for cents and half 
 cents, the die cutters at the mint must have sujiposed that both orders were to be 
 alike, and half cent dies were prepared for New Hrunswick, and the coins struck from 
 them sent out with the Nova Scotia shipment. 
 
 CCCXCIL Obv. Same as CCCLXL 
 
 Rev. As CCCXC, but with the date 18^4. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. I have been told that a collector in New York has a half cent 
 of this date, but not having been al)le to verify this, I do not describe it. 
 
 CCCXCIIL Obv. . VICTORIA u: c: kit. : new hrunswick: 
 
 Rev. A wreath of maple leaves near the top, the seeds of the maple are 
 
 shown ; at the top is a crown, and enclosed by a wreath is 20 | cents | 1862 
 
 Silver. Size 23 m. C. 
 
 Issue 150,000. The wreath on these 20 cent pieces differs materially from that 
 on those issued for the Province of Canada in 1S58. 
 
 CCCXCIV. Obv. As the last. 
 
 ye^z'. As CCLXXXIX, date 1862. Silver. .Size 18 m. C. 
 Issue 1 50,000. The reverse of the ten and five cent pieces differs from that of the 
 twenty cent pieces. 
 
 CCCXCV. Obv. As CCCXCIL 
 
 Rev. As CCXC, date 1862. Silver. Size 1 1 m. C. 
 
 Coinage 100,000. The reverses of the ten and five cent pieces are the same as 
 the Canadian coinage of 1858. 
 
 li li 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 93 
 
 Ihat 
 
 Ithe 
 
 as 
 
 CCCXCVI. Obv. Same as CCCXCII. 
 
 Rev. As CCCXCII, date 1864. Silver. Size 23 m. C. 
 
 Coinage i 50,cxxd. The standard adopted by New Brunswick, when the old pounds 
 shillings and pence system was discarded, was that of the United States ; hence the 
 need for the issue of a silver currency. 
 
 CCCXCVII. Obv. As CCCXCII. 
 
 >?«/. As CCLXXXIX, date 1864. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Coinage 100,000. These pieces are now difficult to be had in good condition. 
 
 CCCXCVIII. Obv. As CCCXCII. 
 
 Rev. As CCXC, date 1864. Silver. Size 1 1 m. C. 
 
 Coinage 100,000. 
 
 COMMUNION TOKENS. 
 
 CCCXCIX. Obv. SAINT STEPHENS CHURCH. In the field, rev. | w. t. 
 
 WISHART. 
 
 Rev. SAINT JOHN NEW BRUNSWICK. In the field, 1842. Lead. Size 25 m. 
 
 R5. 
 
 St. Stephen's was the finest Presbyterian Church in St. John. Having escaped 
 the great fire of 1877, it is still standing. It was founded as a Free Church by those 
 who seceded from the old kirk in 1842. 
 
 CCCC. Obv. CALVIN CHURCH | sT JOHN | N. B. 
 
 Rev. . THIS DO IN REMEMBRANCE OF ME. I. COR. XI. 24. Within a dotted 
 oval, BUT LET A MAN | EXAMINE | HIMSELF Lead. Oval, size 21 X 30 m. R 4. 
 
 This is one of the latest established Presbyterian churches of St. John. The 
 tokens issued by it are more common than are those of the other churches in that city. 
 
 CCCCI. Obv. + sT Andrew's CHURCH + sT john n. b. Within a dotted 
 
 oval, " BUT I LET A MAN | EXAMINE | HIMSELF." 
 
 Rev. "DO THIS IN I REMEMBERANCE | OF ME." Across the field ornaments 
 above and below the inscription. Lead. Oval, size 20 x 39. R 4. 
 
 In 181 5, St. Andrew's, the first Presbyterian Church, was erected in St. John. 
 The building was destroyed by the great fire of 1877, and with it all the original 
 tokens. The one described was issued after the fire. 
 
 CCCCII. Obv. PRESBYTERIAN | CHURCH | OF THE LOWER | PROVINCES OF | 
 
 B. N. A. across the field. 
 
 Rev. . THIS DO IN REMEMBRANCE OF ME. I COR. XI. 24. Within a beaded 
 oval, BUT LET A MAN | EXAMINE | HIMSELF Lead. Oval, .slze 21x31. R3. 
 
 Although this token would seem to have been struck for general use among the 
 Presbyterian churches of the Lower Province, it was only used by the church at 
 Monckton. 
 
94 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCCIII. Obv. SAINT ANDREWS JUNE 1 825. A St, Andrew's cross. 
 Rev. NEW uRUNswiCK N. A. A St. Andrew's cross. Lead. Square, size 
 23 m. R 6. 
 
 One of the earlier churches. St. Andrews was mainly settled from Scotland. 
 
 CCCCIV. Obv. sT Andrew's church In the field, miramichi. 
 Rev. rev'.' JAMES THOMSON. In tlic field, 1816. R. 
 
 This was the .second i'rcsbyterian church organized in the Province, coming only 
 a year later than that of St. John. 
 
 CCCCV. Obv. sT JAMES I CHURCH Across the field ornaments, above 
 and below and between the words of the inscription. 
 
 Rev. I. COR. xi. 23 across the field ; a border of four lines around the edge 
 of the token. Lead. Oblong, truncated corners, size 20 x 27 m. R 5. 
 
 This token was issued by St. Japies Church of Newcastle, a town situated at 
 the mouth of the Miramichi in the northern part of the Province. 
 
 CCCCVI. Obv. sT Andrew's | church | Chatham 1840 across the field. 
 Rev. THIS DO in I REMEMHRANCE | OF ME | I COR. XI 24 across the field. 
 Lead. Oblong, truncated corners, size 19x30 m. R 5. 
 
 This is another town on the banks of the Miramichi. The district was largely 
 settled from Scotland, hence the number of Presbyterian churches within its limits. 
 
 
 MEDALS. 
 CCCCVI I. Obv. CENTENNIAL OF FREEMASONRY NEW URUNSWICK A shield 
 
 bearing dexter, the arms of the Province ; sinister, the arms of the "Ancient " 
 Freemasons. 
 
 Rev. MDCCCLXxxiv MDCCLXXXiv Arms of the city of St. John. Quarterly: 
 [colors not indicated], i. A fish over a barrel. 2. The sun shining over 
 a forest. 3. A ship. 4. Two codfish (?). Crest, a crown. Supporters, 
 two stags. Motto, on a ribbon below, o fortunate quorum jam Mit:NiA 
 SURGUNT. Silver. Size 35 m. R 5. 
 
 The dies for this medal were prepared at the United States Mint at Philadelphia, 
 and impressions in silver given to each member of the Lodge ; specimens are also 
 struck in bronze and white metal. 
 
 CCCCVIII. Obv. NEW BRUNSWICK MILITIA VOLUNTEERS v R Laureated 
 head of Victoria to the left. On the truncation of the neck l. c. vvvon. 1861. 
 between the "v" and "r" is a crown. 
 
 Rirv. A heavy wreath of maple leaves. Silver. Size 47 m. R 6. 
 
 This medal was given as a prize at the annual shooting match, from 1861 to 1866. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 98 
 
 I' 
 
 CCCCIX. Obv. MAV IIKINSWICK I'ROVINCIAI, KIKI.K ASSOCIATION . I <S66 
 
 Ex. I'Ko AKis KT I Ko( IS | I., f. vvvoN V. A rillciiian to the left on his right 
 knee taking aim. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. .Silver. Size 47 m. R 6. 
 
 Issued in place of the former, when the Provincial Rifle Association was estab- 
 lished. This medal is still given at the rifle matches. 
 
 CCCCX. Obv. .\ landscape. In the foreground is a cornucopia, an a.\e 
 imbedded in a stump, a plough and a sheaf of wheat, with sheep and cattle, 
 etc. ; in the background is the rising sun, a railway train, tr(!es, etc. 
 
 Rev. I'uoviNciAi, HoAKi) OK ACRicuLruKK witliiu a wreath of wheat blades 
 and ears, nkw | hkunswick | canaha Copper. Size 69 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal is said to have been executed in Boston. It was cast, and therefore 
 has a rouj^h and unfinished appearance. It was only given in the year 1S73, as the 
 Provincial Board was abolished the next year. The Dominion I^xhibition is to be held 
 in St. John this year, for which a new medal is in prepnration. 
 
 CCCCXI. Obv. DOL'dl.AS MKDAI.. R.^ KIN(;'s COl.l.Kdl'. | NKW IIKUN'SWKK | 
 
 1829. View of the college building, with the sun to the right. 
 
 Rev. Within a wreath of laurel TA | APIZTA| AlIiNIA Bronze and silver. 
 41 m. R 5. 
 
 King's College, New Brunswick, was founded in 1 800 ; the charter was amended 
 in 1828, and again in i860, when the name was changed to the University of New 
 Brunswick. The above medal was founded in 1829 by Sir Howard Douglas, who, as 
 Lieutenant (lovernor of the Province, was elected Chancellor of the College. The 
 original dies were lost about the year 1845, and the dies for the above medal were 
 prepared in 1846. The medal was to be exactly like the old one. I have not seen a 
 copy of the first medal, and therefcjre cannot describe it. 
 
 CCCCXII. Obv. norca.As medal 1\x. imvf.ksitv of | new hrun-swick | 
 i860 A building as in the last, but the rising sun is to the left. 
 Rev. Similar to the last. Bronze. .Size 38 m. R 5. 
 
 The dies of this medal are by the Messrs. Wyon. When the name of the College 
 was changed, Mr. E. II. Wilniot, Registrar of the University, to whom ! am indebted 
 for the above information, in ordering new dies suggested that the rising sun should 
 be to the left of the building, which would prouerly locate it as rising in the East. 
 
 The medal is given in gold annually to the best I-lnglish essayist on a subject 
 proposed by the Visitor. A silver medal is al.so presented annually to the head pupil 
 in the classical department of the Collegiate Institute School, in connection with the 
 University. 
 
 CCCCXIII. Obv. Bust of Minerva to the right. Before the bust A0NA 
 On the truncation h. wyon 
 
96 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 ReiK INST : A : sof : ai.umn : lniversitat : Nov : hrunsvic : a : d : 1863 ♦ 
 Within a wreath of laurel KTHMAI ElZ AEI Bronze. 36 m. R 5. 
 
 Given aniuially in ^oltl for competition, by the Graduates' Society of the Uni- 
 versity. - 
 
 CCCCXIV. Obv. SAINT JOHN l\x. NKW iiKiNswicK ; to the left, in small 
 letters, j. s. & a. w. wvon sc. Arms of the city of .St. John, consisting of a 
 shield qiiarten.'d. I*"irst quarter, a barrel with a large fish above and four 
 sma'ler ones, two on either side ; second, seven Lombardy poplars, with the 
 sun above ; third, a ship under full sail to the left ; fourth, two beavers. 
 Supporters, two stags. Crest, a crown. Motto, o kortunati (,)UOrum jam 
 
 M.KNIA SUK(;UNT. 
 
 Rev, • I'UHLIC GRAMMAR SCIIOOI. • CITY CORPORATION I'RI/.K A Wrcath of 
 
 laurel. Bron/e. .Si/e 38 m. R 5. 
 
 Given by the Corporation for competition among the pupils of the St. John 
 Grammar School JCthication in New Hrunswick is more under the control of the 
 government than in the other Provinces of the Dominion. Separate schools receive 
 no government aid, citizens oi all creeds having to contribute alike to the support of 
 the public schools. 
 
 CCCCXV. Obv. run : sc noi, : f;RAM ; sanct : joiian : Nov : hruns : + Bust 
 of Minerva to the right ; under the bust j. s. & a. n. wvon sc. 
 Rev. + PARKER MKDAi + FouNDKD 1 865 A Wreath of laurcl. 
 
 Founded by Mr. Parker, a philanthropic citizen of St. John. 
 
 CCCCXVI. Obv. Bust of Apollo to the right ; h. wyon in small letters 
 behind the bust. 
 
 Rev. suNHURV ■ CRAMMAR • SCHOOL ■ J 868 • Within a wreath of laurel 
 ET I DECus I ET | PRETiUM Bronze. Size 42 m. R 5. 
 
 Sunbury is the chief town in Sunbury County in the south of New Brunswick. 
 This school is one of a number established by government throughout the Province. 
 There are one or two other medals given for the encouragement of education, but as 
 they are from stock dies, I do not mention them here. 
 
 < 
 
 a 
 t 
 h 
 
 PROVINCE OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND. 
 
 This Province was called the Island of St. John up to 1 798. It had no 
 regulac coinage of its own, except a number of private tokens, until the issue 
 of the cent piece, 1871, when the decimal system was adopted. The British 
 silver passed current, the shilling having been raised in 1825 from one shilling 
 and threepence to one shilling and sixpence. 
 
^:' 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 97 
 
 CCCCXV'II. Obi'. PRINCE kdnvard's island iiAi.i-i'KNNV 1840. A sheaf 
 of wheat and sickle. 
 
 Rci>. coMMF.ktK & TRADK ♦« A ploijgh to the left. Copper. Size 26 m. 
 R. 4. 
 
 This coin is very scarce in };oo(l condition. The relief is low and the metal rather 
 soft. It was issued by James Milner of Charlottetown. The style of the coin would 
 indicate American workmanship. 
 
 CCCCXV'III. 0/)v. si'i.F.n iMK iM.oi'dii A plouj^^h to the right. A clevis 
 at the end for attaching the horses. 
 
 Rev. succK.ss to tiii-: iishkriks A dried codfish. Copper. Size 26 in. 
 
 R2. 
 
 Issued by IC. Lydiard, I'. Longworth, and other traders, in some of the smaller 
 towns in the island. 
 
 CCCCXIX. Obv. As the last, but the plough has a hook instead of a 
 clevis. 
 
 RezK As the last. Copper. .Size 26 m. C. 
 
 Issued by the same tradcis, but .some years after, probably in 1857 or later. 
 
 CCCCXX. Obv. oNK I 1855 I iKNT in large letters, occupying the whole 
 of the field. 
 
 Rev. fisiikriks | and | agricli.turf Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 Issued by James Duncan. His brother many years ago did business in Montreal 
 and issued the " Canada halfpenny 1830." Mr. Duncan sat as one of the Representa- 
 tives of this Province in the Dominion Senate, from the admission of the i.sland until 
 his death two years ago. 
 
 CCCCXXI. Obv. I'KiNCK fdvvard's island* Across the field 1855, the 
 top of the 5 opposite i in island. 
 
 Rev. SF.LF I (iovFkNMFNT | AND | FRRF | TRADK The letters of sKLF and 
 TRADK are far apart. Copper. Size 26 m. R i . 
 
 Issued by Henry Hazard or by (i. & S. Davies. 
 
 CCCCXXI I. Obv. As tne last, but the top of the 5 points between the 
 I and s. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the letters of sklf and trade are closer. 
 
 The old spelling of Prince Edward's appears here for the last time on the tokens 
 of the island. 
 
98 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCCXXIII. Obv. pkiNCK' EDWARD ISLAND* Across the field 1855, 
 lower part of i opposite the n in princk. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 Issued by the same firms. The Prince Edward Island tokens, with the exception 
 of No. 417, were all struck at Birmingham, and appear to have been executed by the 
 same firm. 
 
 CCCCXXIV. Obv. As the last, but the lower part of the i is between 
 the I and n. 
 
 Rev. AsCCCCXXII. 
 
 There may be other varieties of this date, but thus far I have not been able 
 to detect sufficient differences to be able to describe them. 
 
 CCCCXXV. Obv. A.-, CCCCXXIII, but the date is 1857. The upper 
 part of the i is between the c and k in pRixcfc:. 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXXI, the letters of sEi.r and trade a little closer. Copper. 
 Size 26 m. C. 
 
 Issued by the same firm as were engaged in putting into circulation the tokens 
 of 1855. 
 
 Obv. CCCCXXVI. As the last, but the top of the i is opposite the c. 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 In 1855 all the private tokens were called in, but as the government issued no 
 coin in their place, tokens .soon circulated in greater numbers than before. 
 
 CCCCXXVI I. Obv. Similar to CCCCXXV. 
 Rev. As CCCCXXIV. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 A number of other firms may have been engaged in this business of supplying 
 copper currency to the island Province. In any case, judging from the number of the 
 tokens issued, the supply must have been sufficient for the wants of the population. 
 
 CCCCXXVIII. Obv. As CCCCXXVI. 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXXIV. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 A number of firms also imported the " Ships, Colonies and Commerce " tokens 
 for circulation, but as there are many varieties of this piece, some of which were issued 
 for ci'-culation in the other Provinces, I will class them with those that cannot be 
 attributed to any separate Province, under the head " Miscellaneous." 
 
 CCCCXXIX. Obv. As CCCCXXVI. The i is a little closer to the n 
 than on the last. 
 
 \ 
 
no 
 
 ■ing 
 the 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 99 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXXIV. Copper, Size 26 m. C. 
 
 The Prince Edward Island tokens are all very light in weight, so that there must 
 have been considerable profit in the issuing of them. 
 
 CCCCXXX. Obv. « VICTORIA queen • 1871 Diademed head of the 
 queen to the left within an inner circle. 
 
 Rev. • PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND ♦ ONE CENT A large oak tree on the left, 
 with a smaller one on the right ; underneath is the motto tarva suh incjenti 
 Bronze. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 The issue was 2,000,000. A rather large supply for a population of 75,000, being 
 twenty-seven cents per head. 
 
 province of manitoha. 
 
 The numismatic history of the youngest Province is scant, and the few 
 pieces I have attributed to it might as well be described as belonging to the 
 whole Northwest. 
 
 CCCCXXXI. Obv. Arms of the Hudson's Bay Company. A shiekl 
 quartered by a Latin cross ; in each quarter is a beaver. Crest, a fox? Sup- 
 porters, Two stags. Motto, pro peli.e cltem within a wreath of oak leaves. 
 
 Rev. IB I e M I J I N 15 Brass. Size 27 m. R 6. [See plate.] 
 
 The only known specimen of this token is in the collection of Mr. Buchanan of 
 Montreal. It was obtained from an Indian in the Northwe.t. The inscription may be 
 read thus: IJudsoiis Bay Company, lisqitiuiaiilt Mission, good for \ Nciv Ihavcr skin. 
 In the olden times the Company used goose quills for currency, and this token was 
 equal to so many goose ciuills. As tlic Company allowed five shillings for a prime 
 beaver skin, this token pass( d current among the Indians for about sixty cents. 
 Receiving the proper number of tokens and quills in exchange for his winter's catch 
 of furs, (the skins of other animals were reckoned in those days as worth .so many 
 quills more or less than a beaver skin,) they were taken in payment for gootls at the 
 Company's .stores. This token must have been issued .is early as 1812. 
 
 :ns 
 ed 
 be 
 
 N 
 
 MEDAL.S. 
 
 CCCCXXXII. Obv. (;eorc;ius hi. d : v.. «ritanniar"m rex. fidei dek. 
 &c. Ex. c. II. K. Bust of George III to the left. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the obverse of the last, but the wreath is wanting. 
 Bronze. Size 48 m. R 6. 
 
 This is by the celebrated medallist Kulcher, who flourished in the reign of 
 George III. The present employees of the Company did not know of the existence of 
 
lOO 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 the medal, and therefore could not give any account of its history. It is altogether 
 likely that it was given to Indian chiefs when a treaty was made between their tribes 
 and the Company. 
 
 CCCCXXXIII. Ol>v. MAKi vicTkix tkkkaque invicta. Ex. avitum 
 TkANscENDiT | iioNOREM | Mijccxcviii. Britannia to the right, seated, with her 
 right arm leaning on a shield ; in her left hand she holds a figure of Victory. 
 Surrounding her are Hags, spears and other implements of war ; on the 
 ground-work under her foot, c. ii. k 
 
 ReiK Same as the last. Bronze. Size 48 m. R 6. 
 
 This is evidently a mule struck with the reverse of some other medal. A year 
 ago I obtained it from London, Eiiglani.l, much about the same time that I purcha.sed 
 the previous medal from a dealer in Philadelphia ; until then I had not heard of a 
 metlal issued by the Hudson's Bay Company. 
 
 CCCCXXXIV. Ok'. • UMVKksiTAs manitobanknsis 1877 • Elaborate 
 arms within a circle crowned, probably those of the College, of which the 
 arms of the Province form a part.* 
 
 Rev. A wreath of laurel. Copper. Size 42 m. R 5. 
 
 The dies were prepared by Mr. Bishop of Montreal in 1881. The University was 
 founded by the Presbyterians in 1877. . 
 
 PROVINCE OK URITISH COI.UMHIA. 
 
 So far as I know, the Pacific Province is only represented by two pieces. 
 It is therefore the least numismatically. as Quebec is the greatest. And yet 
 it is the only Province represented by a gold coinage. 
 
 CCCCXXXIII^?. 
 crown. [See plate.] 
 
 Rev. 20 I DOLLARS 
 
 wreath kuner e Gold. 
 
 Obv. (;ovERNMEN'i" OF liRiTisii COLUMBIA • ' A large 
 
 1S62 within a wreath of oak leaves ; under the 
 Size 32 m. R 6. 
 
 In 1862, Capt. Gossitt, Treasurer of the Colony of British Columbia, established 
 a mint at New Westminster, but when everything was ready ^o strike coins, it was 
 discovered that the Colonial authorities had no authority to coin money. The project 
 
 * This medal displays a curious example of the in- 
 congruous attempts to unite heraldic charges with 
 modern devices, which arc so frcipicntlv found on seals 
 and what are intciideti as "arms" of states, cities, etc., 
 in America, but viiich would \m/:At: any of the College 
 of Heralds to hlizon. The field is (luartered, and the 
 first and second v;uartcrs are " parti per fess." The 
 first <piarler has a 'hief <"■, (gold, as denoted hv the 
 dots) the cross of .St. (ieorge, — which should he 
 marked hy perpendicular lines to indicate ,«,7.7<'.f, red, — a 
 crown of the first on the cross: in base, r'lV/, green, a 
 
 bison nnining to left, ))roper. The second quarter has 
 in chief 7y)t, a book open, projicr: in base, ,i,'u/e.-; a 
 sprig of maple between two fleins-de-lis ; the color 
 should be or or <vx''"f. to be consistent with heraldic 
 law, the flein-dc-lis in heraldry being a conventional 
 figure, and having no "proper" color. The third (|uar- 
 ter has a hermit (?) standing at the mouth of a cave, his 
 right hand extended; and the fourth, on a |)lain field, 
 lierhaps intended for u'xe/i', a vine branch with grapes, 
 on which is a ribbon and the word I'l.oRKA r. The last 
 two (luarters sccni to show no color. 
 
 \ 
 
Obv. 
 
 CCCCXXXI. 
 HUDSON HAV COMI'ANVS TOKK.V 
 
 Rev. 
 
 Obv. 
 
 CCCCXXXIII a. 
 TWKNTV DOI.LAR.S, ((JOLD,) liklTI.SH LOI.fMBIA. 
 
 Rev. 
 
 Obv. 
 
 Hev. 
 
 caxxxx'v ,. 
 
 TK\ t)r)I,I.AR.S, (COLD,) liRITlSH lOI.UiMI'.l A. 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 
I 
 
 i 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 loi 
 
 was abandoned, and the machinery now lies rusting at New Westminster, in a building 
 used for a public library. I only know of the existence of the specimens in the British 
 Museum. 
 
 CCCCXXXIV a. Obv. As the last. [See plate.] 
 
 Rev. As the last, but inscription is lo dollars. Gold. Size 24 m. R 6. 
 
 These coins are smaller than the ten and twenty dollar gold pieces of the United 
 States, but they have been struck on thicker planchets, so as to make them the proper 
 weight. 
 
 DOMINION OF CANADA. 
 
 ! 
 
 Under this head I describe only the coins that have been struck for the 
 Dominion Government, and such medals as have been issued for general 
 objects since Confederation in 1867. 
 
 CCCCXXXV. Obv. VICTORIA dei gratia rkgina • Canada. Diademed 
 head of the queen within an inner circle to the left. (One cent.) 
 
 Rev. As CCLXXIV, but the date is 1876, and there is a small ii under 
 the date. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 4,000,000. Although a silver coinage was issued as early as 1870, there 
 was no great need for copper coins, on account of the abundant issue of 1859, and the 
 number of Bank tokens that still circulate freely. 
 
 CCCCXXXVI. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the date is 1881. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 The letter h on the Canadian coinage indicates that it was struck by the firm of 
 Ralph Heaton & Sons of Birmingham, as contractors for the Royal Mint. 
 
 CCCCXXXVI I. Obv. As CCCCXXXV. 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXXXV, but the date is 1882. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 The planchets of these cents are thicker than the issues of 1858-9. 
 
 CCCCXXXVIII. Obv. victoria dei cratia regina Canada Diademed 
 head of the queen to the left. 
 
 Rev. 25 I CENTS I 1870 within a wreath of maple leaves; at the top of 
 the wreath is a crown. Nickel. Size 24 m. R 5. 
 
 This is a counterfeit struck in nickel. The execution is inferior to the genuine 
 coinage. The lettering and date on the reverse is somewhat irregular. 
 
I02 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 
 CCCCXXXIX. Obv. Similar to CCLXXXVIII, but the lettering is 
 somewhat irrej^ular. 
 
 Rev. As CCLXXXIX. but the date is 1870. Base silver. Size 18 m. R 5. 
 
 This is also a counterfeit, well executed, but still showing signs of inferior wori<- 
 manship. The milling on the edge is indistinct. 
 
 CCCCXL. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCXC, but the date is 1870. .Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 The reverse of this coin has a deep serrated border like the issue of 1858. The 
 only difference between the two coinages is in the date. The old punches must have 
 been used. 
 
 CCCCXLI. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIII. 
 
 Rev. 50 I cp:nts | 1870 within a wreath of maple leaves; at the top of 
 the wreath is a crown. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 Issue 450,000. The first coin of this denomination struck for Canada. 
 
 CCCCXLII. Obv. Similar to the last. (Twenty-five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXXXVIII, but better executed. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 Issue 900,000. This also is the first issue of this denomination. The quarter 
 dollar was considered more convenient than the old twenty cent piece, which it 
 superseded. 
 
 CCCCXLII I. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCLXXXIX, but the date is 1870. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,700,000. In 1870 Sir Francis Hincks, who was Finance Minister, wishing 
 to relievo the people from the " silver nuisance," in the shape of the immense quantity 
 of the United States silver coin that circulated in Canada, and that was only received 
 by the banks at a heavy discount, made arrangements to withdraw it from circulation 
 and export it ; hence the issue of Canadian coins at that time. 
 
 CCCCXLIV. Obv. Similar to the last. (Five cents.) 
 Rev. As CCXC, but the date is 1870 and the serrated margin is narrow 
 like the other coins in the series. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 Issue 2,600,000. The five and ten cent pieces are the same in design as the 
 coinage of 1858, while the twenty-five and fifty cent pieces are different. The head is 
 diademed instead of laureated, and the wreath is much fuller. 
 
 CCCCXLV. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIII. (Fifty cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXLI, but the date is 187 1. Silver. Size 30 m. 
 
 Issue 200,000. 
 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 103 
 
 row 
 
 the 
 id is 
 
 
 CCCCXLVI. Obv. As the last. (Twenty-five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXLII, but the date is 187 1. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 Issue 400,000. 
 
 CCCCXLVII. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 
 /?«'. As CCLXXXIX, but thedate is 1871. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Issue 800,000. 
 
 CCCCXLVI 1 1. Obv. As the last. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCXC, but the date is 1871. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,400,000. 
 
 CCCCXLIX. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIll. (Fifty cents.) 
 Rev. As CCCCXLV, but with the letter 11 under the wreath. Silver. 
 Size 30 m. C. 
 
 Issue 45,000. I'his i.s the first coinage executed by Messrs. Ralph Heaton & Sons 
 for Canada. 
 
 CCCCL. Obv. As the last. (Twenty- five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXLVI, but with the letter n under the wreath. Silver, 
 Size 24 m. C. 
 
 The Mint records do not give the number of twenty-five and ten cent pieces 
 issued by the Heatons during this year, having included it among those issued by 
 the Mint. 
 
 CCCCLI. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXLVII, but with the letter 11 under the wreath. Silver. 
 Size 18 m. C. 
 
 There was no five cent piece issued in 1871 by the Messrs. Heaton. 
 
 CCCCLII. 6)/;z'. As CCCCXXXVIll. (Fifty cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXLIX. but dated 1872. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 Issue 35,000. 
 
 CCCCLII I. Obv. As the last. (Twenty-five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCL, but dated 1872. .Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 Issue 2,240,000. 
 
 CCCCLI V. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) • 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLI, but dated 1872. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. 
 
IJ4 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 iilll 
 ( 
 iilll 
 
 CCCCLV. Obv. As the last. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCXC, but dated 1872, and with the letter h under the wreath. 
 Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 Issue 2,000,000. 
 
 CCCCLVI. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIII. (Twenty-five cents.) 
 Rev, As CCCCL, but dated 1874. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. There were no fifty cent pieces issued during this year or the 
 following. 
 
 CCCCLVII. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLI, but dated 1874. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. The Mint reports an issue of fifty and twenty-five cent pieces 
 in 1873, but I have never seen any. 
 
 CCCCLVIII. Obv. As the last. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLV, but dated 1874; the 4 has no cross to the horizontal 
 line. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLI X. Obv. As the last. (Five cents.) 
 Rev. As the last, but the horizontal line of the 4 is crossed. 
 Size 15 m. C. 
 
 Silver. 
 
 CCCCLX. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIIL (Twenty-five cents.) 
 Rev. As CCCCL, but dated 1875. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. 
 
 CCCCLXL Obv. As CCLXXXVIIL (Ten cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLI, but dated 1875. Silver. Size 18. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000.000. Most of this year's issue went to the Western Provinces, and it 
 is con.sequently .scarcer here. 
 
 CCCCLXII. Obv. As the preceding. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLV, but dated 1875. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 Issue 1,000,000. The same number of each denomination was issued during th^ 
 years 1874 and 1875. 
 
 CCCCLXIII. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIII. (Twenty-five cents.) 
 Rev. As CCCCL, but dated 1880. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 I OS 
 
 Not having had a report from the Mint since 1876, I am unable to give the num- 
 bers of the issues since that date. 
 
 CCCCLXIV. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 
 /?m As CCCCLI. but dated 1880. .SiKvr. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXV. Obv. As the prccedinj^. (iMve cents. ) 
 Rev. As CCLV, but dated 1880. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXVI. O^e-. AsCCCCXXXVlIl. (Fifty cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXLIX, but tlated 1881. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 rhis is the only year since 1872 in which half dollars were issued. As silver is 
 only wanted for change in Canada, the larger denominations are not so popular as in 
 the United States. Before 1876 only about half a million had been issued, while the 
 issue of five cent pieces amounted to eight and a half millions. 
 
 CCCCLXVII. Obv. As the preceding^. (rwent)-five cents. ) 
 Rev. As CCCCL, but dated 1881. Silver. Size 24 m. C 
 
 CCCCLXVIII. (9^z;. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 /?^r'. As CCCCLI, but dated 1881. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXIX. Obv. As the last. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLY, but dated 1881. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXX. c;^z^ As CCCCXXXX III. (Twenty-five cents.) 
 Rev. As CCCCL. but dated 1882. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXXl. ^?/;e'. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLI, but dated 1882. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXXII. Obv. Similar to the last. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLV, but dated 1882. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXXIII. Obv. As CCCCXXXVIIl. (Twenty-live cents.) 
 Rev. As CCCCL, but dated 1883. Silver. Size 24 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXXl V. Obv. As CCLXXXVIII. (Ten cents.) 
 i?^z^. As CCCCLI, but dated 1883. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 CCCCLXXV. Obv. As the last. (Five cents.) 
 
 Rev. As CCCCLV, but dated 1883. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 

 il 
 
 ;l 
 
 106 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 MKDALS. 
 
 CCCCLXXVl. Obv. VICTORIA d : (; : nkiri: Kid: !• : n: lUist of the 
 cjuecn to the left, crowned and veiled ; under the bust, in small letters, j. s. 
 WVuN sc:. 
 
 Rev. juvKNTAS ET PATkius VKJOR CANADA iNSTAURATA 1H67. A ^^roup Sym- 
 bolical of confed(Talion. Hritannia seated to the riLjht, a lion rests his head 
 on her knee ; in her rij^ht hand she holds a trident, aiul in her left a roll 
 inscribed coni-edkratkjn, which she presents to four youthful females; the 
 first is standing and has a sickle and sheaf of wheat in h(;r arms, representing 
 Ontario as the agricultural l*rovince. The second, also standing, has a paddle 
 in her hand, and on her sleeve the ficur-de-lis, reprcsiMiling Ouebec as the 
 vship|)ing Province. The third, kneeling, with a shovel, represents Nova Scotia 
 as the mining Province ; and the fourth, on one knee, with an axe, represents 
 New Brunswick as the lumbering Province. On the ground work, j. s. & a. b. 
 WYON sc. Bronze. Size 76 m. R 4. 
 
 This modal was given by the Dominion government to the members of the four 
 legislatures that adopted the confederation scheme, as arranged by the (Quebec Con- 
 vention. The reverse is in grouping antl execution the finest piece of art appearing 
 on any Canadian medal. 
 
 CCCCLXXVII. Obv. VICTORIA rkc.ina Bust of the queen as in the 
 last ; under the bust, in small letters, j. s. \ a. h. wvo.n 
 
 Rev. INDIAN TRKA'iv N'-' 1 87 A general officer to the riglit, and an Indian 
 in full wardress shaking iiands. The hatchet "buried" in the ground between 
 them ; tt) the left is the rising sun, and wigwams to the right, the prairie in 
 the distance. On the groundwork, j. s. ,v; a. h. wnon. Silver. Size 76 m. R 6. 
 
 Given to the Indian chiefs when the treaties were made under the Governors of 
 Manitoba, by which their rights to that Province were ceded to the Dominion goverii- 
 ment. The number of the treaty and the last figure of the year were engraved on the 
 medal. The treaties were numbered from one to seven. The first treaty was signed 
 in 1871, and the last in 1877. 
 
 CCCCLXXVlll. Obv. VICTORIA REGiNA Crowued head of the qucen to 
 the left ; under the head, j. s. & a. ». wvon .sc 
 
 Rev. A wreath of oak leaves. Silver. Size 5 1 m. R 4. 
 
 This medal was given to the minor chiefs during the .same treaties as the last. 
 
 CCCCLXXIX. Obv. * EARl. OK DUKFERIN K.P. K.C.B. gov. gen. ok CANA- 
 DA ♦ COUNTESS OK DUFKERiN ♦ 1 873 Heads of the Earl and Countess. The 
 Countess is coroneted ; under the head a. b. w\on sc. ki 
 
5t of the 
 ers. J. s. 
 
 )up sym- 
 his head 
 eft a roll 
 lies ; the 
 esenting 
 a paddle 
 c as the 
 /a Scotia 
 presents 
 s. Jt A. H. 
 
 the four 
 :lx'c Con- 
 ippcaring 
 
 in the 
 
 Indian 
 >ct\veen 
 rairie in 
 n. R6. 
 
 Irnors of 
 
 [govcrii- 
 
 on the 
 
 signed 
 
 leen to 
 
 iSt. 
 ICANA- 
 
 The 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 107 
 
 e 
 
 ReXK I'kF.SKNTKn • IIY • HIS • KXCEI.I.KNCY • TIIK • COVKKNOR . GF.NRKAI,. The 
 
 arms of the b^arl with his onlers and motto vv.v. vi \s kkctas. ; underneath, 
 J. s. .si A. II. wvoN sc. Hronze and silver. Si/e 51 m. R 4. 
 
 These metlals were given in bronze, .silver and gold by the ICarl of Duffciin while 
 he was Governor General of Canada, to be competed for in many of the Colleges and 
 High Schools in the Dominion. 
 
 CCCCLXXX. Obv. ♦ KAUi, oi- di'kik.kin k.p. k.c.ii. c.cm.c. c;()v. t.kn.oi- 
 CANADA ♦ couNrKss OK Di iiKKiN ♦ 1.S76 Heads of the I'*arl ami Countess as 
 on the last, hut in hijijher relief. The Countess wears a necklace. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Hronze. .Size 51 m. R 5. 
 
 The Governor, having been dissatisfied with his likeness on the medal of 1873, 
 sat for his portrait, on his visit to iMiglaiul in I1S76: consequently the head on the 
 medal of 1876 is a much better representation of him. 
 
 CCCCLXXXI. Obv. 11. K. II. I'KiNCEss i.oiisk ♦ mar(,)1'is ok I.ORNR k.t. 
 o.cM.G. % Heads of the Mar(|uis and Princess to the left ; untler the head, 
 
 J. S. & A. 15. WVON. 
 
 Rev. I'M, MAM (,)Ui MKKurr KKRvr .'Xrms of tlu; Artryle Camphell on 
 a shield to the left, those of Great Britain with those of .Saxony on an 
 escutcheon of pretence on a shield to the riijht ; between the shields is a 
 helmet surmounted by a boar's head, the Campbell crest ; over this is the 
 motto, NE OHi.iviscARis. Behind the shields are clusters of mulberry and oak 
 leaves and other decorations; to the left, j. s. ,si a. is. w^()^. Bronze. .Size 
 5 1 m. R 6. 
 
 Given in gold, silver and bronze, during the administration of the Marquis of 
 Lome, as prizes in many of the Colleges and higher schools throughout the Dominion. 
 Discontinued, like that of the Earl of Dufferin, after the departure of the Marquis. 
 It has now almost become a recognized institution at many of our schools and colleges 
 that the Governor General's medal should be granted to the most proficient scholar. 
 The Marquis of Lansdowne has also had a medal prepared, which will be distributed 
 in the same manner as those of his predecessors. 
 
 CCCCLXXXII. Obv. Ai.iiKRT KDWAR!) I'KiNCK OK WALKS Mead of the 
 Prince to the left ; under the head, j. s. wyo.v sc. 
 
 Rev. + RECOVERY • OK • THE • TRINCE • OK • WALKS • CANA1)L\N • IHANKScavIXG • 
 
 15. APR: 1872. The Prince of Wales feathers between sprigs of roses to the 
 left, and thistles and shamrocks to the right. Motto, icii dien Under the 
 feathers, j. s. & a. b. wvon. Bronze and silver. Size 58 m. R 3. 
 
 In 1872, the Prince of Wales was stricken with typhus fever, and the disease 
 gained such strength that for a long time he was not expected to recover. A national 
 thanksgiving medal was issued by the Messrs. Wyon on" his recovery ; and on the 
 
to8 
 
 CANAr)IAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 \J 
 
 rc'comnicndation of Mr. Samlham, a rcvcrsi: for tlic Caiiiidian »lay of thaiikHjfiving, 
 which vva.s appointed it a later time by tiie Dominion Government, was prepared, and 
 this medal struck. 
 
 CCCCLXXXIII. Ok'. Arms of the Dominion of Canada, with foot 
 artillery and light infantry volunteers shaking hands in front of it. Motto, 
 
 VIS UNITA FORTlok. 
 
 Rev. I'KKSKNTKI) | liV rilK I DOMINION oK CANADA | kIM.K ASSOCIATION | 
 
 1868 I ei.kin(;ton & c" kk(;knt s' i.ondon. Ikon/e. Size 45 m. R 3. 
 
 Given in silver as prizes at the matches of the association held annually at Ottawa. 
 The dies of this medal are by Joseph Moore of Hirniin>;ham, who cut most of the dies 
 that bear Klkint;ton's name, 
 
 CCCCLXXXIV. Ol)v. dominion ok canada An angel flying to the 
 right blowing a trumpet which she supports by her right hand extended ; 
 in her left hand she holds a palm branch and a wreath of laurel ; at the 
 
 bottom I', TASSKT 
 
 Rev. Arms of the Dominion of Canada, surmounted by a crown between 
 a wreath of maple leaves : on the bottom of the wreath is a beaver to the left. 
 Bronze. Size 41 m. R 2. 
 
 This medal was first given in j;o]d, silver and Inonzc to the Canadian exhibitors 
 at the Centennial Exhibition in 1876. It has been <;iven at one or two Dominion 
 Exhibitions since then. The dies were executed in Paris on the order of Mr. I'erault, 
 who was one of the Canadian Commissioners at the Exhibition. The relief is low, and 
 the angel on the obverse a stock design. 
 
 CCCCLXXXV. Obv. dominion of c.vnada ciiikfs 1872 mkdai. The 
 same inscription and design as obverse of CCCCLXXVI within an inner 
 circle. 
 
 Rev. INDIANS OF TiiF. NORTH \vf:st TEKKiTOKiFs Same inscription and de- 
 sign as reverse of CCCCLXXVI within an inner circle. Copper-plated. 
 Size 75 m. R 5. 
 
 This is an electrotype made from the Confederation medal with a broad rim 
 bearing the above inscriptions. It was only used temporarily while new medals were 
 preparing in London. Some fifty specimens were made by R. Hendry of Montreal. 
 
iks}{iving, 
 )arcd, and 
 
 vith foot 
 Motto, 
 
 )CIATI()N I 
 
 It Ottawa. 
 )f the dies 
 
 to the 
 itendecl ; 
 at the 
 
 j(.'tvveen 
 the left. 
 
 chibitons 
 oniinion 
 I'erault, 
 low, and 
 
 The 
 1 inner 
 
 nd cle- 
 plated. 
 
 3ad rim 
 
 were 
 
 bntreal. 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 109 
 
 The Fndians were disj;usted witli them, when, alth(Hi;;h lliey had the appearance of 
 silver, they found they were not available in exchange for lire water. 
 
 lULoNV OK NENVI(U'NI)I.ANI). 
 
 While this Colony has not as yet cast in its lot with its sister Provinces, 
 it is so intimately connected with them in history and interc!sts and it is so 
 essential to the completion of the 1 )()minion, that it will at no distant date 
 become on(! of the; confederatc;d l'r()\ inces. Althoii|L;h it is the? oldest of tht; 
 North AmtTican Colonies, its coinaj^e iloes not date back farther than about 
 the year 1 S30. 
 
 pkter\ 
 
 ''M'AUSLAJ«E\ 
 i^S'JOHNSa 
 
 /'SKtLS 
 /AIL SORTS \ 
 [of SHOP A: } 
 
 ^ noous / 
 
 CCCCLXXXX'l. Ok'. I'l'iTK I .m'.\i'si..\nk | s! joiins | nkwfgunim.ani) 
 Betwt;en "St. Johns" and " Newfoiindlanil" is a small ornamental scroll or 
 twiy. 
 
 Rev. SKI.1.S I Ai.i. SORTS I OK siioi' \ I sioKK j (;(ioi)S Ih-ass. Size 19.^ m. R 6. 
 
 The specimen from which 1 take this description is the only one known to me. 
 I purchased it witii a number of other Canadian coins, when the collection of Mr. K. 
 Frentzels, of London, was sold some years aj^o. I know little of its history, except 
 that Mr. M'Auslane had been a blacksmith before he opened his <;eneral store. I have 
 described this token in the Canadian Antiquarian, Vol. XI, page 33. 
 
 CCCCLXXXVII. Obv. Arms of the Rutherfords. Supporters, Two 
 horses. Crest, A mermaid. Motto, pkr mark per tkrras 
 
 Rez). R & I. s. KinnKRKoKi) | s' John's | xkwfoundland A suspended ram 
 to the left. Copper. Si/.e 28 m. R 2. 
 
 This firm carried on an extensive business in former days, but those members 
 who survive have removed to Western Ontario. This coinajjfe formed at one time the 
 chief copper circulation of the island. 
 
 CCCCLXXXVII I. Ohv. As the last, but with the date 1S41. 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 20 m. R 2. 
 
 The Rutherford tokens are still occasionally met with in circulation. 
 
 CCCCLXXXIX. Obv. As CCCCLXXXVII, but with the date 1846; 
 under the arms r. h in small letters. 
 
 Rev. RUTiiKkKORi) HRo": I iiARiiouR grace | newkoundlani) Ram suspended 
 as in CCCCLXXXVII ; the horn of the ram is opposite 11 in harhour. 
 Copper. Size 29 m. R 2. 
 

 lii ■ 1 
 
 I 10 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 I have not been able to learn whether this was a branch of the St. John's firm or 
 a different concern. Both firms failed and the business was wound up. 
 
 CCCCXC. 06v. Same as the last. 
 
 /iev. As the last, but the horn is above the letter ii in harbour. Copper. 
 Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 Sandhani describes a coin similar to this one without date, but not having been 
 able to verify the piece from any other source, I do not describe it here. 
 
 CCCCXCI. Obv. A ship under full sail to the right, the Union Jack 
 displayed from the stern. 
 
 Rev. 1858 Copper, Size 26 m. R 4. 
 
 Issued by one of the business firms i.i St. John's. This is the scarcest of these 
 autonomous tokens ; so scarce indeed, that many of the residents of St. John's affirm 
 that it was never circulated in Newfoundland. 
 
 CCCCXCI! . Ohv. HALFPENNY TOKEN A side- wheel steamer to the left, 
 with foremast, under sail. 
 
 Rei. FISHERIES I AND | AGRICULTURE Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 This was struck at the same time as the last and for the same object ; but I am 
 in doubt whether or not I should have classed this piece among the tokens of Prince 
 Edward Island. 
 
 CCCCXCIII. Obv. FISHERY RIGHTS FOR NEWFOUNDLAND 1860 within an 
 
 inner circle. 
 
 Rev. RESPONSIHLE GOVERN.MENT | AND | FREE | TRADE. Copper. Size 26 
 
 m. R 2. 
 
 This token refers to the treaties made between the British and American Govern- 
 ments, in which the three mile limit is claimed. 
 
 CCCCXCIV^ Obv. VICTORIA D : G : rkg : Bust of the queen to the left. 
 
 Rev. ONE CENT NEWFOUNDLAND A wreatli of oak leaves, laurels and 
 flowers; within the wreath is a dotted circle enclosing 1864, surmounted by a 
 crown. Bronze. Size 25 m. R 6. 
 
 This is a pattern and is very rare ; the design is e.\actly the same as the regular 
 coinage issued the following year. I have been informed that a complete set of pat- 
 terns was struck in 1864, although I have only seen the cent. I have not been able 
 to learn if all are of the same design as the regular issue of 1865. 
 
 CCCCXCV. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but the date is 1865. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 240,000. The device is an improvement on that of the other Provinces. 
 It seems that more ingenuity of design was exercised on the bronze than on the 
 silver coinage of the colonies. They all differ in device both in obverse and reverse 
 from the silver issues and from each other. 
 
in's firm or 
 
 Copper, 
 iving been 
 nion Jack 
 
 t of these 
 Ill's affirm 
 
 the left, 
 
 but I am 
 )f Prince 
 
 ithin an 
 Size 26 
 
 Govern- 
 
 Ill 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 CCCCXCVI. Obv. Same as CCCCXCIV. 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXCIV, but dated 1872. A small h under the wreath 
 Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 100,000. Struck by the Messrs. Heaton at Birmingham. 
 
 CCCCXCVI I. Obv. Same as CCCCXCIV. 
 
 i^^z'. As CCCCXCIV, but dated 1873. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 200,000. 
 
 CCCCXCVIII. Obv. Same as CCCCXCIV 
 
 Rev. As CCCCXCIV, but dated ,876. Small h under the wreath 
 Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 Issue 20,000. 
 
 CCCCXCIX. Obv. Same as CCCCXCIV. " 
 
 Rev. Same as CCCCXCIV, but dated 1880. Bronze. Size 25 m. C. 
 
 There are issues of silver for Newfoundland for the years 1881 and 1882, but so 
 fai I cannot learn of any bronze coinage for either of those years. 
 
 D. Obv VICTORIA D : G : reg : Newfoundland. Laureated head of the 
 queen to the left. 
 
 ^'^- 20 I CENTS I 1865 Within a dotted circle surrounded by an ornamen- 
 tal border. Silver. Size 23 m. C. 
 
 Issue 100,000. 
 
 he left. 
 Is and 
 -d by a 
 
 DI. Obv. As D. 
 
 Rev. ^o I CENTS I 1865 surrounded by a different ornamental border 
 Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 regular 
 of pat- 
 ^n able 
 
 i^inces. 
 m the 
 everse 
 
 DII. Obv. As D. 
 
 Rev. 5 I CENTS I 1865 border as in the last. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Issue of this and the preceding, 80,000 each. 
 
 Dili. Obv. VICTORIA DEI GRATIA REGiNA NEWFOUNDLAND Laureated head 
 ox the queen to the left. 
 
 Rev 50 I CENTS I 1870 within a border similar to D. Silver Si/e 
 30 m. C ■ 
 
 Issue 50,000. 
 
ill 
 
 1 I 
 
 112 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 DIV. Obv. As D. (20 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As D, but dated 1870. Silver. Size 23 m. 
 
 Issue 50,000. 
 
 DV. Obv. As D. (10 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DI, but dated 1870. Silver. Size 18 m. 
 
 Issue 30,000. 
 
 DVI. Obv. As D. (5 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DII, but dated 1870. Silver. Size 15 m. 
 
 Issue 40,000. * 
 
 DVII. Obv. As D, but with h under the head. (10 cents.) 
 Rev. Same as CCCCLI. Silver. Size 18 m. R 6. 
 
 This coin I received in change about ten years ago. It is a mule piece, as the 
 reverse die is that of the Canadian issue of 187 1. The Messrs. Heaton struck no 
 coins for Newfoundland earlier than 1872, so that this piece was struck from dies 
 belonging to different Colonies and to different years. 
 
 DVIII. Obv. As Dili, but with an 11 under the head. (50 cents.) 
 Rev. As Dili, but dated 1872. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 Issue 48,000. 
 
 DIX. Obv. As D, but with the 11. (20 cents.) 
 Rev. As D, but dated 1872. Silver. Size 23 m. 
 
 Issue 90,000. 
 
 C. 
 
 DX. Obv. As D, but with 11. (10 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DI, but dated 1872. Silver. Size 18 m. 
 
 Issue 40,000. 
 
 ^11 
 
 DXI. Obv. As D, but with 11. (5 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DII, but dated 1872. Silver. Size 15 m. 
 
 Issue 40,000. 
 
 DXII. Obv. As Dili. (50 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As Dili, but dated 1873. Silver. Size 30 m. 
 
 Issue 32,000. 
 
ce, as the 
 struck no 
 from dies 
 
 s.) 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 DXIII. Obv. As D. (20 cents.) 
 Rev. As D, but dated 1873. Silver. Size 23 ni. C. 
 Issue 40,000. 
 
 DXIV. Obv. As D. (10 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DI, but dated 1873. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 Issue 20,000. 
 
 "3 
 
 DXV. Obv. As D. (5 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DII. but dated 1873. Silver. Size 15 m. 
 
 Issue 40,000. 
 
 DXVI. Obv. As Dili. (50 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As Dili, but dated 1874. Silver. Size 30 m. 
 
 Issue 80,000. 
 
 DXVII. Obv. As Dili, but with II. (50 cents.) 
 Rev. As Dili, but dated 1876. Silver. Size 30 m. 
 Issue 28,000. 
 
 C. 
 
 DXVIII. Obv. As D, but with H. (20 cents.) 
 Rev. As D, but dated 1876. Silver. Size 23 m. 
 Issue 50,000. 
 
 C. 
 
 DXIX. Obv. D, but with h. (10 cents.) 
 
 i^^z'. As DI, but dated 1876. Silver. Size 18 m R3 " 
 
 conse^^l^Xr ^^^ '''' ^"^^"^" '^"^ '' ^"^ '' ''' ^^^^^o...n.n,, and it is 
 
 DXX. Obv. As D, but with 11. (5 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DII, but dated 1876. Silver. Size 15 m. 
 
 Issue 20,000. 
 
 c. 
 
 DXXI. Obv. As Dili. (50 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As Dili, but dated 1880. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 DXXII. Obv. As D. (20 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As D, but dated 1880. Silver. Size 23 m. C. 
 
 DXXIII. Obv. As D. (10 cents.) 
 
 Rev. As DI, but dated 1880. Silver. Size 18 m. C. 
 
I y 
 
 I: 
 
 114 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 DXXIV. Odv. As D. (5 cents.) 
 
 i^^. As DI I, but dated 1880. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 DXXV. Odv. As Dili. (50 cents.) 
 
 i^^. As Dili, but dated 1 88 1. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 DXXVI. Odv. As D. (20 cents.) 
 
 /^ev. As D, but dated 1881. Silver. Size 23 m. C. 
 
 DXXVII. Odv. As D. (10 cents.) 
 
 /^ev. As DI, but dated 1881. Silver. Size 18 m. R 2. 
 
 DXXVII I. Odv. As Dili. (50 cents.) 
 
 JHev. As Dili, but dated 1882 ; 11 under the date. Silver. Size 30 m. C. 
 
 DXXIX. 06v. As D. (20 cents.) 
 
 Jiev. As D, but dated 1882 ; 11 under the date. Silver. Size 23 m. 
 
 DXXX. Odv. As D. (10 cents.) 
 
 J^ev. As DI, but dated 1882 ; 11 under the date. Silver. Size 18 m. R 2. 
 
 DXXXI. Odv. As D. (5 cents.) 
 
 J^ev. As DII, but dated 1882 ; 11 under the date. Silver. Size 15 m. C. 
 
 DXXXII. Odv. As D. 
 
 /^ev. TWO HUNDRED CENTS ONE HUNDRED PENCE. 2 | DOIJ.ARS | 1 865 within 
 
 a dotted circle, a small ornament on either side. Gold. Size i8 ni. R 6. 
 
 This is a very rare Pattern. The only specimen I have seen is in the collection 
 of the British Museum. Another pattern of the same date is reported to have been 
 struck, but I have not been able to see a .specimen. 
 
 DXXXIII. Odv. As D. (2 dollars.) 
 
 /ic'v. As the last, but the letters in dollars and the figures in the date 
 are larger. Gold. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 The Newfoundland gold coinage is often met with in circulation in Canada. 
 
 DXXXI V. Odv. VICTORIA d: o: kec: Newfoundland Two fancy orna- 
 ments, one on either side, consisting of three semicircles joined, with a dot 
 in the centre of each, separating Ncwfotmdland from the former part of the 
 legend. Coroneted head of the Queen to the left, within an inner circle. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 Rev. Same as last, but dated 1870. Size 18 m. R 6. 
 
 "5 
 
 This pattern is not in the hands of any collector, and there is only one specimen 
 in the Mint collection, so that it may be classed as unique. 
 
 DXXXV. Obv. As D. (2 dollars.) 
 
 Rev. As the last, but dated 1870. Gold. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 DXXXVI. Obv. As D. (2 dollars.) 
 
 i^^z^. As DXXXIII, but dated 1872. Gold. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 DXXXVII. Obv. As D. (2 dollars.) "^ 
 
 i^^c^. As DXXXI II, but dated 1880. Gold. Size 18 m. R 2. 
 
 DXXXVII I. Obv. As D. (2 dollars.) 
 
 Rev. As DXXXIII, but dated 1881. Gold. Size 18 m. C. 
 
 m, C. 
 
 date 
 
 )rna- 
 dot 
 the 
 
 MEDALS. 
 
 DXXXIX. Obv. GEORGius . TERTius . REX Bust of George III in armor 
 at the left. 
 
 Rev. To the left martinigo | monck':! & rodney feb. 4 | s^ lucia s^ Vin- 
 cent I TOBAGO GRANADA & | MARCH I. 5 h. \ at the top I'R OF WALES BO | AUG. 
 
 12 I hermione I ^L\v 31 at the right, the havannah | albm'; & i'ocock. aug 
 
 14 I NEWFOUNDLAND SEP 1 8 | ALCANA CASSEL .St & ; at the bottOm GR.i;iiENSTEIN | 
 
 ferd'.' & GRANBV | lUNE 24 III the Centre is a serpent with his tail in his 
 mouth enclosing pax | auspicata | nov. 3. a pair of scales and an anchor ; un- 
 der the serpent is the date mdcclxh. Silver. Size 40 m. R 5. 
 
 This medal commemorates among other victories during 1762, the final expulsion 
 of the French from British North America. 
 
 DXL. Obv. the cathedral of s^ johns, Newfoundland. Ex. the 
 
 HOUSE WHICH I DESIRE TO ] BUILD IS GREAT, FOR OUR | GOD IS (JREAT. | 2, PARA- 
 LIP. II. 5. View of St. John's Cathedral ; to the left, in small letters, j. tavlor; 
 to the right, birm. 
 
 Rev. Ex. THE FIRST STONE LAID BY THE R- REV" D? FLUMING V. A. | 1 84 1 . 
 
 The bishop celebrating the Mass ; to his right is a priest with censer, before 
 him is a table, on which the stone is laid and a cross ; in front of the table are 
 three priests, one holding a crucifix, and two with candles. In the back- 
 
i 
 
 ii6 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 ground are a number of men, building material, houses and mountains; above 
 is the AU-see'ng eye; on the groundwork, allen. sc. White metal. Size 
 54 m. R 4. 
 
 This is well executed in high relief ; the scene showing the laying of the stone is 
 a vork of art. 
 
 DXLI. Obv. As OCCIV, without the name of the medallist. 
 
 Rev. NEWFOUNDLAND TOTAL AHSIINKNCE SOCIETY. REV° KIKAN WALSH PRESI- 
 DENT. A Greek cross, inscribed i pledge | myself | with the | divine | assis- 
 tance, I THAT AS LONO AS I SHALL CONTINUE | A MEMBER OF THIS SOCIETY | I 
 WILL ABSTAIN FROM ALL | INTOXICATING LIQUORS, UNLESS FOR | MEDICAL OR RE- 
 LIGIOUS PURP0SF:S, I AND THAT I WILL DISCOUNTENANCE | INTEMPERANCE | IN 
 
 OTHERS Below are two sprigs ; in each of the four angles is a Latin cross. 
 White metal. Size 44 m. R 4. 
 
 A medal given to members of the Temperance Society on their signing the 
 pledge. 
 
 DXLI I. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. sT John's total abstinence society be sober and watch Greek 
 cross, inscribed as the last, with Latin crosses in the angles. White metal. 
 Size 43 m. R 4. 
 
 The Greek cross having been adopted by Father Mathew in his first Temperance 
 Medals, has been a favorite one with Roman Catholic Societies ever since, and fre- 
 quently used by them. 
 
 DXLIIL Obv. . TORBAY total abstinence society NEWFOUNDLAND . Within 
 an ornamental inner circle established | feast of | all saints | 1879. 
 
 Rev. in hoc signo vinces above a radiated Latin cross. Below, i pledge 
 
 MYSELF WITH THE DIVINE | ASSISTANCE, THAT AS LONG AS I | SHALL CONTINUE A 
 MEMBER OF THIS | SOCIfclTY, I WILL ABSTAIN FROM ALL | INTOXICATING LIQUORS, 
 UNLESS I FOR MEDICAL OR RELIGIOUS | PURPOSES AND THAT I WILL | DISCOUNTE- 
 NANCE I INTEMPERANCE IN | OTHERS. White metal. Size 43 m. R 4. 
 
 T'^'hT ■ LI siuall village on a bay of the same name, about seven miles from 
 St. ' i. 1 ,.>'n;^ ;;.ance prevailed to such an extent in some of the fishing villages in 
 Nt' .'>i: ■i?nti that there was great need for a reformation in that direction, hence the 
 nui."' r'u- mcix'^; ''dating to that subject. I have been informed that there are one 
 or two ot'ici ^, i^ui have not at present been able to learn anything more definite 
 concerning them. 
 
 . 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 117 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Under this head most of the coins classed by Sandham as doubtful will 
 be described. None of them have an\- marks, nor can we now trace anything 
 in their past history by which they can be assigned to their respective Prov- 
 inces. There is little doubt as to their being Canadian, for they were either 
 struck in the Provinces or elsewhere; on the order of provincial merchants, and 
 by them i)ut into circulation for their own convenience or profit. Many, 
 especially those of home manufacture, are very rude ; so rude in some cases 
 that they are mere discs of copper, with a faint impression of a head on one 
 side and a woman seated on the other, in imitation of the worn coppers of 
 George III that at one tin^e formed the bulk of the circulation. Nearly every 
 variet)- of the tokens hereafter to be described could, up to a recent date, be 
 found in greater or less numbers in circulation throughout the Dominion. 
 
 DXLIV. Obv. xoRTii AMERRAN roKEX Ex. 1 78 1. A woman to the 
 left seated, her left hand resting on a harp. 
 
 Rev. COMMERCE A brigantine to the left with fore and mainsail furled. 
 Copper and brass. .Size 27 m. C. 
 
 This has been described amon<i the coins of the United States by Dickcson, but 
 the number tliat circulated in Canada inclines me to believe that it was put into circu- 
 lation within its limits, and that at a much more recent time than the date on the coin 
 would seem to indicate. 
 
 ^ithin 
 
 from 
 ?es in 
 :e the 
 re one 
 Ifinite 
 
 V 
 
 DXLV. Obv. Ex. 18 1 2 Laureated bust of George III to the right 
 within a wreath of oak leaves. 
 
 Rev, ONE PEXW TOKEN Ex. i8i2 A woman to the left seated on a 
 'bale of goods ; in her right hand she holds a pair of scales, and in her left a 
 cornucopia. Copper. .Size 34 m. R i. 
 
 This and the four following pennies are of full weight. They may for a time 
 have circulated in England before they were imported into Canada. 
 
 UXLX'I. Obv. As DXLV. 
 
 Rev. As DXL\', but without the date. Copper. Size 34 m. R i. 
 
 DXLVII. <9^e'. As DXL\'. but dated 1813. 
 
 Rev. Same as DXLVl. Copper. .Size 34 m. R 2. 
 
 DXLVIII. Obv. Laureated bust of George III to the right within a 
 wreath of oak leaves, acorns close to the leaves. 
 Rev. As DXLV. Copper. Size 34 m. R 2. 
 
xi8 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 DXLIX. Obv. As DXLVIII, but the acorns are not so close to the 
 leaves. 
 
 Rev. As DXLV. Copper. Size 34 m. C. 
 
 DL. Obv. As DXLVIII. 
 
 Rev. HALFPENNY lOKKN Ex. i8i2 Woman as in DXLV. Copper. 
 Size 29 m. C. 
 
 DLL Obv. As DXLVIII, but longer leaves in wreath. 
 Rev. As DI>, but larger date. Brass. Size 27 oi. C. 
 
 The workmanship on this coin is inferior to the last and the neck shorter. There 
 are two varieties of this coin, in which the differences are very slight. I do not pur- 
 pose descrihing all the shght varieties of this series under separate numbers, as it 
 would simply be repetition without being able clearly to define the differences. 
 
 DLII. Obv. As DXLVIII, but with short, broad leaves. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Hrass. Size 27 m. C. ' 
 
 DLIII. Obv. As DXLVIII. 
 
 Rev. As DL, smaller date. Brass. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 h'ive varieties; the differences are mainly in the wreath and bust. 
 
 DLIV. Obv. As DXLVIII, but the leaves in the wreath point in the 
 opposite direction from all the foregoing; the head also has a very idiotic 
 appearance. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Brass. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLV. Obv. As DXLVIII, long leaves. 
 
 Rev. Ex. 18 1 2. Woman as in DXLV. Brass. .Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 DLVI. 6>/5zy. As DXLVIII, broad leaves. 
 Rev. As the last. Brass. Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 DLVII. Obv. As DLIV. 
 
 Rev. As DLV. Brass. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 There are four varieties, more or less rude in execution. Many if not all of the 
 varieties of these tokens were the work of Canadian artists. They formed the bulk of 
 the circulation in Lower Canada previous to the calling in of the spurious coppers in 
 1837. Some years ago the old barracks at Chambly were sold, and the purchaser in 
 repairing the old canteen found a hoard of old coppers, consisting mainly of these 18 12 
 halfpenny tokens; there were one or two Bank pennies and halfpennies, issued in 1837. 
 As the barracks have remained untenanted since the rebellion in 1837, this clearly 
 indicates what the copper circulation of Canada consisted of, at that date. 
 
close to the 
 
 'V. Copper. 
 
 Iiorter. There 
 I do not pur- 
 numbers, as it 
 ences. 
 
 point in the 
 'ery idiotic 
 
 R3. 
 
 all of the 
 he bulk of 
 :oppers in 
 rchaser in 
 hese 18 1 2 
 in 1837. 
 is clearly 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 119 
 
 DLVIII. Obv. Britannia to the left seated within a wreath of oak leaves. 
 In her right hand is an olive branch and in her left a trident. By her side is 
 a shield bearing the St. George and St. Andrew crosses. 
 
 Rev. HALFPENNY ToKKN 1813 An eagle with spread wings, having four 
 arrows in his right talon and a branch in his left. Copper. .Size 28 m. R3. 
 
 I'he tokens bearing this device arc said to have been imported from Birmingham 
 by a firm of grocers named Tiffin & Co., of Montreal. These importations extended 
 over a number of years. A long poem appeared in the Montreal Herald at some time 
 in the year 181 3, ridiculing this coin. The writer seemed to take special exception 
 to the eagle, the .symbol of ihe United .States, with whom the Canadians were, on 
 account of the war of 18 12-14, r^ot on the best of terms. 
 
 DLIX. Obv. Similar to the last, but the wreath is broader. 
 Rev. As the last, but larger date. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 Thinner planchet. 
 
 DLX. Obv. As DLVIII. 
 
 Rev. As DLVIII, but dated 18 14. Copper. 
 
 Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXI. Obv. As DLVIII, but the upper prong of the trident is much 
 longer. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. .Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXII. Obv. As DLVIII. 
 
 i*?^. As DLVIII, but dated I S15. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 This variety was unknown until about the year 1867, when many specimens 
 appeared in circulation, as bright and new as if only recently struck. It would seem 
 that the package in which they were imported had remained fifty years unopened, and 
 having been discovered, was opened and the tokens circulated. 
 
 DLXIII. Obv. TR.VDK & N.wrG.vnoN Ex. 181;^ A woman to the left 
 seated on a bale, with an olive branch in her right iiand and a caduceus in 
 her left. 
 
 Rev. F'URF, coppFR PRFFFR.vRi.F TO p.vPKR. Within an iiuier circle, one | 
 PENNY I TOKEN Copper. Size 33 m. R i. 
 
 Two varieties, one has larger letters on obverse, 
 
 DLXIV. Obv. As the last, but dated 18 14. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 33 m. R 2. 
 
130 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 DLXV. Obv. As DLXIII. but dated 1812. 
 
 Rev. FLKK C()Fpb:r prkferable T(j paper. Within an inner circle, half [ 
 PENNY I TOKEN Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 ULXVl. Obv. As DLXIII. 
 
 Rev. Same as the last. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXVll. Obv. As ULXIII. 
 
 Rev. PURE c;()ppER prekerahi.e to paper. W'ithin an inner circle, one| 
 FARiiKNi; I TOKEN Copper. .Size 22 m. R 4. 
 
 Almost every specimen that I have seen seems to have been struck over another 
 coin, the "one farthin.ti; " is therefore almost always indistinct. This coin is said to 
 have been issued by a man named Haliburton, a Jew, who dealt in notions, with his 
 chief place of business in Halifax. He left the Province in 1823. 
 
 DLXVIII. Obv. TRADE & NAVTCATiox 1S13 A ship to the left within 
 an inner circle, lower sails furled. 
 
 Rev. As DLXV. Copper. .Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXIX. Obv. FOR GENERAL ACCOMMODATION. A ship Under full sail to 
 the rig^ht. 
 
 Rev. As DLXV. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXX. Obx\ HALFPENNY TOKEN Woman as on reverse of DXLV. 
 
 Rev. A ship with lower sails furled, to the rignt. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 DLXXI. Obv. As reverse of DLXV. liale marked s j .t c° 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. 2(S m. C. 
 
 DLXXII. Obv. As the last, hut dated 18 15. 
 Rev. As DLXX. Copper. .Size 28 m. R i. 
 
 I have not been able to ascertain what firm the " S. J. & Co." represents, but 
 have little doubt that it represents one that did business in Canada about the year 
 1812. 
 
 DLXXIII. Obv. SHIP COLONIES AND COMMERCE 1815 Frout vicw of a 
 ship under full sail. 
 
 Rev. ONE I HALFPENNY | TOKEN Two omaments, one above halfpenny 
 and the other above token. Brass. Size 27 m. R 3. 
 
 ' 
 
 : 
 
 DLXXIV. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 131 
 
 Rev. FOR I PUBLICK | ACCOMMODATION A Greek cross on either side above 
 PUBLICK. Brass. Size 27 m. R 4. 
 
 These are undoubtedly of Canadian manufacture. The desitjn is different from 
 any others of the series and the workmanship is of an inferior order. 
 
 DLXXV. Obv. Same as CCCXl. 
 Rev. FOR THE {:onvknien<:k of tkadk A shi|) under full sail to the right. 
 
 Copper. vSize 27 m. R 3. 
 
 DLXXVI. Obv. Same as CCCIII. 
 
 Rev. GENUINK BRITISH COPPER Britannia seated as in obv. of DLVIII. 
 Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 Two varieties, with slight differences in the drapery and wreath on the head. 
 
 DLXXVI I. Obv. Same as CCCXV. 
 
 Rev. Similar to the last. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 As two varieties at least of these "Genuine British copper" tokens were struck 
 from the same obverse dies which were used for the Hosterman & Etter and the Barry 
 tokens, we can infer that they were struck at the same time and place and were put 
 into circulation in Nova Scotia by other Halifax merchants. 
 
 c. 
 
 , but 
 vear 
 
 )f a 
 
 iNNV 
 
 DLXXVIII. Obv. Similar to CCCXIII. 
 
 Rev. SUCCESS ro navigation .s: trade a ship under full sail to the right. 
 Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXXIX. Obv. great Britain Laureated bust of (ieorge III to the 
 right. 
 
 Rev. commerce Ex. 18 14 A female seated, with an olive ':)ranch in 
 her right hand and a palm in her left. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Two varieties, the differences consisting;" mainly in the delineation of the features 
 and arrangement of the hair. The olive and palm may refer to victory won in the 
 war of 18 1 2-14, and the peace which closed it. 
 
 DLXXX. Obv. victoria nobis est Bust in military imiform to the 
 right ; two sprigs of laurel under the bust. 
 
 Rev. halfpenny token Britannia seated. Copper. Size 27 m. R i. 
 
 The bust on this token is probably intended for a representation of Lord Nelson, 
 which would indicate that the coin was struck shortly after the battle of Trafalgar. 
 So enthusiastic were the citizens of Montreal over the victories of Nelson, that a 
 monument was erected in his honor in 1808, which until 1870 was the only public 
 one in Montreal. 
 
199 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 DLXXXI. Obv. ONE PENNY TOKEN i<Si4 A ship to the left with Jowcr 
 sails furled, within an inner circle. 
 
 Rev. k n in script, within a wreath of oak leaves. Copper. Size 34 m. 
 R 2. 
 
 It is impossible at the present time to learn what name is represented by the 
 initials R II, and whether the issuer was a resident of one of the Canadian Provinces 
 or of the mother land. Althoiit,di I am inclined to the latter opinion, I describe it 
 here, as many specimens, especially of tlie halfpenny variety, until recent times i)assed 
 current in Canada. 
 
 DLXXXII. Obv. iiAi.F I'ENNY TOKKN 1814 Ship as in the last. 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. .Size 28 m. C. 
 
 DLXXXIII. Obv. ONE iiALi'PENNV TOKEN Ex. 1820 A female figure 
 to the left, seated, with her right hand resting on her knee and her left on a 
 harp. 
 
 Rev. TRADE AND NAVIGATION A ship to the right with mainsail furled. 
 Brass. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXXXI V. Obv. PURE COPPER preferable to i'aper. Laureated and 
 draped bust to the left. 
 
 Rev. TRADE & NAVIGATION Ex. 1 838 A woman to the left seated on a 
 bale, with an olive branch in her right hand and a caduceiis in her left. 
 Copper. Size 33 m. C. , 
 
 The bust on :his coin appears to be that of George IV. It seems a strange freak, 
 so long after the death of the king, to issue a coin bearing his portrait, and after his 
 brother, who had reigned seven years, had been succeeded by Queen Victoria. 
 
 DLXXXV. Obv. FIELD MARSHAL WELLINGTON Laurcatcd bust to the 
 left in military uniform ; under the bust two sprigs of laurel. 
 
 Rev. ONE PENNY TOKEN Britannia to the left seated; in her extended 
 right hand is an olive branch and in her left a trident ; by her side is a shield 
 bearing the crosses of St. George and St. Andrew ; underneath is an open 
 laurel wreath. Copper. Size 33 m. R i. 
 
 DLXXXVI. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. HALFPENNY TOKEN Britannia as in the last, but two sprigs of laurel 
 instead of wreath underneath. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Tv^ro varieties, differing in the relative position of the trident and sprigs of laurel. 
 Wellington after his final triumph over Napoleon, seems to have become the hero 
 whom these private moneyers delighted to honor, and for a time no other subject 
 appeared to claim their attention. 
 
CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 "3 
 
 DLXXXVII. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. As the last, but with the date 1813 in the place of the sprigs of 
 laurel. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 DLXXXVIII. Obv. FIELD MAksiiAi, WEi.i.iNC.TON Head of Wellinj^ton to 
 the left. 
 
 Rev. iiiiiF.RMA 1805 A crowned harp. Copper. Size 28 m. C. 
 
 Probably struck for circulation in Ireland, but as it passed freely with the old 
 coppers, it may be classed as Canadian. The Irish emblem and name may have been 
 used because it was \Vellinf;ton's native land. 
 
 DLXXXIX. Obv. Laureated bust of Wellington in military uniform 
 within an open wreath of laurel. 
 
 Rev. TRADE & co.M.MEKCE Ex. 1811 A woman to the left seated on a 
 bale, with a pair of scales in her right hand and a pole in her left. Cojjper. 
 Size 29 m. R 2. 
 
 As this is much heavier than the ordinary Canadian tokens, it was very likely 
 struck for circulation in England, and afterwards exported to Canada. 
 
 DXC. Obv. MARQUIS WELLINGTON 1813. Laureated and draped bust to 
 the right. 
 
 Rev. COMMERCE Britannia seated, with a sprig of laurel in her right hand 
 and a pole in her left, at her side the British shield. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 DXCI. Obv. WELLINGTON HALFPENNY TOKEN Laureatcd bust in military 
 uniform to the left. 
 
 Rev. Same as DLXI. Copper. Size 27 m. R 2. 
 
 DXCII. Obv. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. Ex. 1 8 14 Britannia, within a wreath, to the left, seated, with 
 sprig of laurel, trident and shield. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Three varieties, which may be distinguished by the relative positions of trident 
 and wreath. 
 
 DXCIII. Obv. THE ILLUSTRIOUS WELLINGTON. Bust as on DXCI. 
 
 Rev. WATERLOO HALFPENNY 18 16 A crowned harp. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Two varieties, differing in the position of the crown. There are a number of 
 other Wellington tokens whiv,h evidently were never struck for circulation in Canada, 
 and as only stray specimens were met with in the old copper currency, they cannot 
 properly be classified in the Canadian series. 
 
124 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 DXCIV. Obv. Ex. 1820 Laureated and draped bust of George III to 
 the right. 
 
 Rev. A woman to the left seated on a bale, with a pair of scales in her 
 right hand and a cornucopia in her left. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 Two varieties, one of inferior workmanship giving the king an idiotic expression. 
 
 DXCV. Obv. Bust in military uniform to the right. 
 Rev. TO FACILITATE TRADE 1 825 A woman to the right seated on a bale, 
 with a pair of scales in her left hand. Copper. Size 27 m. C. 
 
 I cannot learn who is represented by the bust on this coin ; it may possibly be 
 George IV. 
 
 DXCVI. Obv. A rude laureated bus<: of George IV in armor to the right. 
 Rev. A harp. Brass. Size 27 m. R 4. 
 
 DXCVII. Obv. As the last. 
 
 Rev. Ex. 1820 A harp. Brass. Size 27 m. C. * 
 
 Twelve or more varieties, distinguishable by the number of strings in the harp, 
 the position of the laurel leaves on the head, and in the delineation of the features. 
 Some varieties are very rude, the work of native artists, who copied from inferior 
 specimens. These coins are very common, having thirty year.5 ago formed over ten 
 per cent of the copper circulation. 
 
 DXCVIII. Obv. Bust in civic dress to the right. 
 
 i^ev. COMMERCIAL j CHANGE Copper. Size 24 m. R 2. 
 
 The bust here depicted is not known to me, although it has been attributed to 
 different Canadian statesmen. 
 
 DXCIX. Obv. Similar, but older bust. 
 
 Rev. WELLINGTON | WATERLOO | 1815 Copper. Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 Said to be the bust of De Salabery, the hero of the Chateaugay, but the attribu- 
 tion is doubtful. 
 
 DC. Oov. Same as the last. 
 
 Rev. SHIPS I COLONIES I & I COMMERCE Copper. Size 26 m. R i. 
 
 DCI. Obv. Same as DXCVIII. 
 
 Rev. As the last. Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 DCII. Obv. Ship to the right under full sail. Hying the Union Jack at 
 the stern. 
 
 Rev. Same as DC. Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
id to 
 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 125 
 
 DCIII. Obv. As DC. 
 
 Rev. Plain. Copper. Size 26 m. R 4. 
 
 This was struck from an old die found about ten years ago among some old iron, 
 which confirms the attribution of the " Ships, Colonies & Commerce " tokens to 
 Canada. 
 
 DCIV. Obv. A ship under full sail to the right, flying what is supposed 
 to be the American flag at the stern. 
 
 Rev. As DC. Copper. Size 26 m. R i, 
 
 DCV. Obv. As the last, but with the initials w & b n. y. in small letters 
 to the left under the water. 
 
 Rev. As DC. Copper. Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 Although these two tokens have been classed among the coins of the United 
 States, I have here claimed them as Canadian, for the following reasons : — First, The 
 "Ships, Colonies & Commerce" tokens have long circulated in the British dominions 
 in North America and rarely elsewhere. Second, The first issue of them does not 
 appear to have been struck earlier than about the beginning of the nineteenth century, 
 when the regular mint issue of the United States formed the bulk of the copper circu- 
 lation. Third, These tokens are very light, being in weight under that of the half 
 cents, although of greater diameter ; they would not, therefore, be received by people 
 accustomed to the heavy cents issued from the national mint. Fourth, Everything, 
 light or heavy, in the shape of a disc of copper or brass, circulated in Canada. The 
 bulk of the copper change was in fact under the standard weight. Fift/i, The flag, 
 which consists of only four stripes with a cross in the corner, is simply a conventional 
 flag, and not that of the United States. Sixth, As the United States had long ceased 
 to be a colony, and had no colonies of her own, the inscription could not refer to that 
 country. The coins were very probably struck in New York on the order of a Cana- 
 dian firm, and put into circulation within the limits of the Province of Canada or of 
 Nova Scotia. 
 
 Hbu- 
 
 at 
 
 DCVI. Obv. A ship as in DCII, but the waves are short and choppy. 
 Rev. As DC. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 DCVII. Obv. A ship as in DCII, but with longer waves. 
 Rev. As DC. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 DCVIII. Obv. Similar to DCII. 
 
 Rev. As DCII. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 Thirteen varieties, the differences consisting mainly in the shape of the "&" and 
 of the flag. These tokens were first issued in Canada about the year 1812, and still 
 continued to be imported into and to be put into circulation in Prince Edward Island, 
 up to 1 871, hence the number of varieties. 
 
126 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 ^ 
 
 DCIX. Obv. A rude harp. Struck from a broken die. 
 Jiev. As DC. Copper. Size 26 m. R 4. 
 
 DCX. OdzJ. Rude and indistinct bust in armor to the left. 
 J^cv. Similar to obverse of the last. Copper. Size 26 m. R 2. 
 
 DCXI. Odv. Similar bust. 
 
 /^ev. Harp, different in shape ; perfect die. Copper. Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 DCXI I. Odv. Similar to DCX. 
 
 J^ev. Rude imitation of Britannia to the right. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 This is undoubtedly an imitation of the old halfpenny pieces of George III, which, 
 with their many counterfeits, were exported in a worn condition to Canada, the native 
 artist using a worn specimen as his model. 
 
 DCXIII. Odv. As DCX. 
 
 IHev. As the last. Brass. Size 26 m. 
 
 R I, 
 
 DCXIV. O^z^. Rude bust to the right. 
 
 J^ev. Rude figure of Britannia. Copper. Size 27 m. 
 
 C. 
 
 This is from a cracked die. Previous to 1837, when the lack of specie caused 
 copper change to be accepted in bulk, there lived in Montreal a blacksmith of dissi- 
 pated habits. He prepared a die for himself, and when he wished to have a "good 
 time " he struck two or three dollars in these coppers, and thereby supplied himself 
 with sufificient change with which to gratify his wishes. This copper was struck by 
 this individual. 
 
 DCXV. Odv. As DCX. 
 
 /^ev. Rude figure of Britannia to the right, with a sprig of laurel in her 
 left hand. Copper. Size 25 m. R 3. 
 
 DCXVI. Ok'. GLOKiuvs • III • VIS A rude, indistinct bust to the right. 
 jRev. liRiiT • Indistinct female figure to the left, seated, with a shamrock 
 in her left hand. Copper. Size 26 m. C. 
 
 This token has been claimed as having been struck for circulation in Vermont, 
 but it bears evidence of much later workmanship than the date claimed for the Vermont 
 issue. I have little doubt but that this piece was struck and issued in Canada as an 
 imitation of a George III copper.* 
 
 * In Hatty's "Coiiper Coinage of Great ISritain," etc., 
 /<!ss/m, there are descriptions of a very large number of 
 varieties of this device, with dates from 1 761) and per- 
 haps earlier, and ranging through many sul)sc(|uent 
 vears ; the differences being generally some change in 
 the lettering, the words of which were evidentiv delib- 
 erately spelled wrong or were merely nonsense, "(Irum- 
 
 ruis III Rex," etc. Immense (|uantitiesmust have been 
 put into circulation in the mother country, and some 
 of these pieces may have been sent to this countrv and 
 used for the same purpose, 'i'he design was at first 
 doubtless intended to deceive the illiterate, or possibly 
 to evade some legal iienalty, and the token under con- 
 sideration is a copy of them, of even poorer execution. 
 
 / 
 
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r 
 
 CANADIAN NUMISMATICS. 
 
 127 
 
 DCXVII. Obv. A rude bust to right. 
 Rev. Similar to the obverse. Copper. 
 
 Size 26 m. R 3. 
 
 R3- 
 
 c. 
 
 / 
 
 T>R 
 
 DCXVIII. Obv. Similar to DCXII. 
 
 Rev. An indistinct legend in which the letters un n i . . . 
 
 SE Copper. 26 m. R 5. 
 
 DCXIX. Obv. Plain. 
 
 Rev. Plain. Copper. 25 m. C. 
 
 This plain disc of copper, together wltb old brass buttons, circulated freely along 
 with the ordinary and other Canadian tokens and the old imperial coinage, forming, 
 with an admixture of foreign coppers of all nations, a most curious and heterogeneous 
 kind of change. 
 
 There may be a number of coins which should be classed among the 
 miscellaneous issue, that are difficult to separate from tokens struck for use 
 in England, and others are not decipherable ; thus some of the rarer varie- 
 ties may have been overlooked, although veritable Canadian coins. 
 
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 Let me here ask the indulgence of those interested in the science, on 
 account of the many errors that have unavoidably crept into these papers. I 
 h^ve to thank those who by their encouragement and assistance, have not 
 only helped me, but all collectors of Canadian coins in the pursuit of their 
 chosen study. 
 
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