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Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming / II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout6es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6t6 film6es. Additional comments / Commentaires suppl6mentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6te possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exem- plaire qui sont peut-etre uniques du point de vue bibli- ographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m6tho- de ncrmale de filmage sont indiqu6s ci-dessous. I ] Coloured pages / Pages de couleur I I Pages damaged / Pages endommag6es D Pages restored and/or laminated / Pages restaur§es et/ou pellicul6es r^ Pages discoloured, stained or foxed / I — I Pages d6color6es, tachet6es ou piqu6es I I Pages detached / Pages d6tach6es Showthrough / Transparence a D D D Quality of print varies / Quality in6gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material / Comprend du materiel suppl6mentaire Pages wholly or paitially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image / Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 film6es ci nouveau de fagon ^ obtenir la meilleure image possible. Opposing pages with varying colouration or discolourations are filmed twice to ensure the best possible image / Les pages s'opposant ayant des colorations variables ou des decolorations sont film6es deux fois afin d'obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below / Ce document eat filmi au taux de rMuction indiqu* cl-deasoua. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30X y 12x 16x 20x 24x 9flv 39v The copy film«d h«r« has b««n raproducad thank* to tha ganarosity of: National Library o£ Canada Tha imagaa appaaring hara ara tha bast quality possibia considsring tha condition and lagibility of tha original copy and in kaaping with tha filming contract spacif ications. Original copias in printad papar covars ara fiimad baginning with tha front covar and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illustratad inrtpraa- sion. or tha back covar whan appropriata. All othar original copias ara fiimad baginning on tha first paga with a printad or illustratad impras- sion. and anding on tha last paga with a printad or illuatratad imprassion. Tha last racordad frama on aach microflcha shall contain tha symbol — ^ (maaning "CON- TINUED"), or tha symbol V (maaning "END"). whichavar applias. Maps, platas. chans. ate, may ba fiimad at diffarant raduction ratios. Thosa too larga to ba antiraly includad in ona axposura ara fiimad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, laft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams illustrata tha mathod: 1 2 4 5 L'axampiair* filmi fut rsproduit graca i la g4n*rositi da: Bibliotheque nationale du Canada Las imagas suivantas ont At* raproduitas avac la plus grand soin. compta tanu da la condition at da la nartat* da I'axamplaira film*, at an conformit* avac laa conditions du contrat da filmaga. Laa axamplairaa originaux dont la couwartura an papiar aat imprimaa sont film** an commancant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darni*ra paga qui compona una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la caa. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmia an commandant par la prami*ro paga qui comporta una amprainta d'impraasion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darni*ra paga qui comporta una talla amprainta. Un das symboloa suivants apparaitra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficna. salon la cas: la symbola — «• signif ia "A SUIVRE". la symbola V signifia "FIN". Las cartas, planchas. tablaaux. ate. pauvant atra film*s it das taux da r*duction diff«rants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour atra raproduit an un saul clich*. il ast filma i partir da I'angla supiriaur gaucha. da gaucha A droita. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagaa nicaaaaira. Las diagrammas suivants lllustrant la m*thoda. 2 3 5 6 MICROCOPY RiSOLUTION TEST CHAUT (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) I^^ ("6) 288- 5989 - ta. / CORN FOR ENSILAGE BY J. H. Grisdale, B.Agr. Corn for forage or ensilage corn can be grown to advantage in almost all parts of Canada at present occupied by farmers or stockmen. Results have not been satisfaetury in every ease where efforts have been made to grow it, but this lias often been due to wrong cultural methods practised, or unsuitable varieties grown, rather than to adverse climatic pecularities. REASONS FOE OBOWING FORAGE CORN. The reasons for growing or making an attempt to grow this forage crop wherever live stock are kept in any numbers are numerous and cogent. A few of them follow : — 1. As a plant capable of yielding a large amount of valuable forage under a great variety of soil and climatic conditions, corn is without an equal. 2. When properly preserved, whether as ensilage or dried, it can be used as material to render other less palatable roughage more acceptable to farm animals. 3. It is the best plant or crop for ensiloing that can be grown to advantage in Canada. It is practically a perfect crop for this purpose, hence it helps to solve the great problem of how to furnish an abundant and cheap supply of succulent food for winter or summer feeding of dairy or beef cattle. 4. When properly grown and well preserved as ensilage, it is the equal cf or superior to roots in feeding value and palatability. It can, however, generally speak- ing, be more cheaply grown and more easily preserved than roots. 5. The labour of growing an acre of corn is of a character much more agreeable to perform and much less arduous than that of growing an acre of roots of any description. 6. Corn being a cultivated or hoed crop, serves well to clean the land, that is, free it from weeds, so fitting it for grain growing, and putting it into shape to seed down to grass or hay. 7. Corn is a gro.ss feeder and may be deji- ded upon to make good use of an ever so abundant supply of plant food. It is, for mis reason, particularly well adapted to occupy that place in the rotation where humifying vegetable matter and a fairly libernl supply of barnyard manure unite to supply large quantities of plant food suitable for root, leaf and stem growth rather than for seed jiroduction. DOMINION EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H. GRISDALE, B.Agr., Director. EXHIBITION CIBCULAB No. 94. July, 1016. 18264 -Si -•• i 8. Tho prnwiuK „f .-on, .,„ a fair ,,r,.,,„rti„i, of aral.I.. land ,m the farm will permit ««,..?'■' ' """■•■.•■f"^'' ;""! '«" ''"•r«a>e the revenue as well as aupinent the manure 8Up|il.>. .M, essfntnil to tlie niaintenan.-e ,,f >oil fertility. .». torn «iu..i i,res,.rved as ensih.^,.. .-an he >tore.l mu.^h more eheaj.ly i„ mueh less spaee than any other louKlui^'e. In a.l.lith.n, stored indeHiiitely and is always nady to f,.<.d. Ten tons sihi-v o. one ton hay. One to,, hay is worth al.out two an.l ,„re-half t.ms siia'jVe.' Kt. In t:.irty-riveyear>' experi.„.-e in fai-minj; in the Ottawa vallev tl seen all kin.ls ol ^.^rain crops utter failures; he has .>een hav so liol.t as „ in tlii- way it will keep lecupies no more spaee than the making ami mots the writer has . . not to pay for . , "'"' l'"'"''H.s praefically nil. hut in all that time he has never seen a ta.lar,. m the .-orn .Top. There has always heen a fairly protitahle return from the fields ii, corn. 11. It makes it posMhl,. to greatly lessen the pasturage, .•o„^e.luently more land can be hrouiiht under eultiv atioii. U. At a modirale i'stiniate, nvo .•„ws ean be kept on the same acreajre and at the same cost wh.n eorn ens,laRe is properly jrrown and used as one on the same farm wlien cattle are ted on hay or other rou>rha{,'e. Where to Grow it. Corn will jrrow in any kind of soil, provi.led always that there is pood draina-r l.n.ler dra.nafre is not ahsulutely neeessary, although a.lvisable here as with other farm crops. On low-ly.np or level lands, difhes ..hould 1h> in p„„d workiuf. eondition and water turr(,ws kept open all summer. If a .-hoiee of land mav he i.,..de then waim- h.,tt<.me.l. hfrht loamy .s<,il may he exi,e.-t,d to ,.rove the most satisfa-.torv under most weather conditions. In the rotation, corn should follow clover hay, pasture or mea.low. Cor . mijilit advantapeously come after praiu, or even follow a hoed crop, provided the land were very fertile or a very heavy uressinjr of manure were applied. Manurial Requirements. The best fertiliziiifr material f„r corn is un.loubtedly koo.1 barnvard manure A mixture of one part ho,->e nu.unre to three parts cattle manure applied - -e i 'it the rat." ,)t U' or !.■> tons per acre, may h.> expected t.) {rive very jir.,od results •,..,- tioii mifrlit be made in the fall, winter or spring, .,r during the prec „',• If pl.)ughed ill, only a shallow fur,-ow should be turned. Preparation of the Soil. WHiere clay land is to he used for corn, it is generally well to ploirgh in the autumn, turning a well set-ui., mo.l,.rat..!y deep furrow (.-, to 7 inches d.w.p) being caretul. of course, to go „„ d.'.'p.r than usual. If light land is to be a.sed it is'gcner- >lly advisable to plough in the spi-iug, turning a flat, shallow furrow (.T or 4 inches • ei.). In .Mther case the manur.. may be pb.ughed in or worked in on the surface with tlu- fJisc harrow. The land should be worked down till a smooth, mellow, yet solid sp.hI be.i has heen prepared. To get the laiul into such shape, it may be ne.'..>sary to disc and roll scveril times as well as work with a smoothing harrow. In any <.ase, no planting should be done until what might b.' .-nllid a perfect seed bed ha- been pr.'iiared. Success or failor- will dipeii.l very largely upon this feature of thorough soil preparation before seeding. !I9^0119S Special Preparation for Level o- Clayey Lands. Wl When- ,i.... r hoavy .-lav laii.l ..r l.v.l land imt iiji.l, r-.lraiiif.l i^ t.. he us.,1 not intiVMiuntl.y a(lvi>al,k. t<, inak.' >i..cial prtparati..,, l.y |.l,.iit.'lii„K aii.l w,,rki >|><'<'ial wa.v. I'lu- laiul >li(.ul(l In- |)1(iuk1i((1 ill iii.-.lv rMun.h .1 i-iilu, , .xii.tlv in fV.t li trniii ,.,.„tn. to .•••litre. All ■.(■(■.•--arv .uitivation .Jm.uI.I 1„. >,, l,,i,. a, to pr.-e rouiulnijr surfa.-f of the ri.lnres, aial the .lea.l lurr..u^ >houl.l h. k. |.l .•hai. and open iiit-i a Well-kejit diteli, tliiis insiiriiij.' ff apart. The plants -hould stand about s inches apart in the rows. In .seeding, it w(,uld not bo advisabh^ to trv to sow as siiarseiy as this. It is better to give a rather heavier seeding and th.'u thin out to the desired thickness with a lare when iilants are t! or s inches high. If land iiitend.d for corn is very dirty, whether from the prisence of weed seeds or coueh grass, it is usually advisable to plant in hills. The hills should he nt least three feet apart each way. and from three to five kernels shou'.il he planted in each hill. Suitable Varieties. The varieties of corn to sow will deiiend upon the district where the seeding is to ho done. For the .Maritime I'roviinees, for those parts of Quebec north of ilontreal and .St. Ilyacinthe and east of Three Rivers, and for northern Ontario. Manitoba, Sas- katchewan, Alberta and British Columina, the flint varieties slioald be grown' i:io-t largely. Some of the best varieties are LongfeHow. Comiitoii's Iv,r!y, Angel of .Miil- iiight and Xorth Dakota White Flint. In these same districts a ifew of the d.nts may be e.xpect.-d to give goo expected to give good results. As varieties suitable for said districts might he men- tioned any of the flints, White Cap Yellow Dent, Learning, Golden Clow and Wis- consin Xo. 7. Early Crop Treatment. A few days after s,iedini.', -ay tiie third or fourth day in warm weather, or the fourth or fifth day in cool weather, it is well to run over the field with a slant-to, ,t!i harrow, or lacking this, with a light smoothing harrow. This will break the cru-t. destroy any weeds and help warm the soil, thus encouraging growth of tli ni. A few days after the corn is uii, .and when it can be distinctly seen in row-, it is often advisable to run the light smoothing harrow over it again. This time it had better be run across the rows. Subsei|ueiit cultivation will ne< d to be done with s|iecial culti- vators. Later ColtiTation. For working: the land until the corn stands about three feet high in the rows or hills, the tv.o-horse riding ciltivator will give the best results. Use the oue-horsa walking cult vator for later «ork. The euUivator should be run through the crop, shortly after any considerable rainfall or about once a week in dry weather. Work may be stopped usually when the corn is so high as to hide the horse and driver from view. Very seldom, if ever, will it be found adv. '^le to rib up the corn. Such treat- ment might occasionally be advisable in a wet season on very low-lying or heavy land, never mi light fcoils. Hand Work. A certain amount of hand hoeing i« usually necessary. This should be done first when the corn is sis or eight inchee high The thir..ung to eignt inches apart ,n the rows should receive attention it thi* time. Plants should be cut clean out to prevent suckers coming on again Later i1 will be found advisable to again go over the held and remove any further weeds t' at may have come up in the rows When n field i- particularly dirty it is advisable to sow in hills and the cultivator can then be worked both ways. The amoun. of hand hoeing will in this way be very mu.'h lessened. When to Harvest. Corn will be ready to cut for forape or ensiloing when the grain or kernel is in the dough stage and has begun to glaze. If weather conditions are adverse, that is, cold and wet, it is often advisable to cut be lore this stage of maturity is reached, when for any reason the crop is late maturing Frost does not spoil the crop for either .'orage or ensiJflge, but the feeding value is quite materially lessened if the leaves and stalks are badly frozen. SUMUABT, 1. Com will grow on any well drained and well manured soil. 2. Thorough soil preparation is absolutely necessary. 3. Corn should not be sown closer than 3 feet apart in hills, or if in rows, SJ feet apart, 8 inches between plants in the rows. 4. Sow varieties suitable for district. Varieties .hat will mature fairly well are necessary. 5. Keep field well cultivated and free from weeds. 6. Cut in dough st-.^e. 7. Preserve in silo if possible. Published by authority of Hon. MARTIN BURRELL, Minister of Agriculture, Ottawa, Ont.