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John Donogh, Prmter» I (' *SB^^«"Ste<^ THE UNIVERSITY OE TOEONTO. i»a,'»»;s^asa!'S»'^ Tfiis great University a great failure — $40,000 expended annv.olly Ut educate twenty-eight S«t/rfew?s— §30,000 more proposed to educate Lajtn/ers a7id Doctors, tv}vo will make us p ly over again for t/ieir services — $300,000 to erect buildings ! TO THE PEOPLE OF CANADA. The following series of Letters was published in the CJiristian Guardian, ind with no intention that they should appear in their present form. They have been called for, however, by parties who have no knowledge of who the writer is. They were undertaken with the hope of arresting the iniquitous waste of money that belongs to you all, and which is as much yours as any voted annually by Parliament from the consolidated fund. Tn doing this, the general management, or rather mismanagement, of the )!!40,000 now annually expended, came under review, as well as the result of this immense outlay, in the number of students educated for this extravagant amount. According to the original design, as newspaper articles, these contain several reiterations of the same facts, and for very obvious reasons. The facts themselves are drawn from official reports published by authority of Parliament, so that no undue advantage has been taken of any of the parties concerned. There is brou;iht to light, in these pages, a state of things not very creditable to us under oar boasted Responsible Govesnment. Matters are just as discredita- bly managed now as when we had no such system. And what have we gained by it, in regard to the higher education of our youth 1 Just one set of mas- ters instead of another, and these as extravagant, as unproductive of good results, as selfish and as unreasonable as those whom we have driven off. It is deeply humiliating to think, th&t forty thmisand dollars should be drawn annually from our noble university endowment, simply /or <;?e support of some eight or ten Professors, and the education ofo?ily twenty-eight matriculated students ! After years of trial, this is all the return we have for our money. Have you any doubts as to the truth of these startling statements 1 Then |-'.:i' ':' 'Tf^r^: 4 i h read the following articles, and satisfy yourselves with regard to this matter. The entire endowment is the property of the public ; the lands were taken from our public patrimony. Like a mighty gourmand, this University devouii our endowment, year after year, until soon nothing will be loft ; and it gives us back— what ? Just tivcnty-i ight studoUs ! Let us instruct our Representatives to reform this abuse. The " Trovin- cial University" is a burlesq-e upon the name ; the present scheme has failed utterly to serve any valuable purpose. In the last of these articles, I have suggested a plan that has elsewhere proved signally successful. The one numbers its students by two or three tens, the other by hundreds and tJumsmnds ! Which shall we have in Canada ? More Anon. tkl '^ 11' '.i rnl lit X l:u- LETTER I. The announcement contained in the last Guardian, that an attempt is about to be made to establish Medical and Law Colleges in connection with the IJiiiversity of Toronto, has taken many persons by surprise. One would suppose that the experience already acquired in conducting one College in this University, would deter any government from any further progress in that direction. According to the Report of the Bursar for 1854-, the ordinary expenses of University College for that year were £10,291, besides the fees of the students ; and from the olTicial return made to parliament last April, for the same year — 1854, now before me, it appears that the number of ^Matriculated Students was twenty-eight ; (not thirty-five, as you stated a week or two ago,) so that the average expense to the province, of each of these students, is £367 10s ! What does government, what do the people of Canada say to this? With this experience before them, it miffht be supposed that the government would hesitate to proceed any further in making bad worse, by attempting to add a Medical and a Law College, with a large staff of Professors and large salaries for each. In endowing and conducting University College, they have only taken us to purgatory,— not that fabled place so called— but in appending to this. Colleges of Law and jNlcdicine of the same stamp, they sink us to the real perdition. I am not at all opposed to the endowment of institutions of learning from the public chest ; that is the duty of every Government, since the welfare of the state requires that the people should be educated ; but the knowledge of law and medicine is not learning in this sense of the word. That knowledge, -vhen practised, implies both a profession and an art, by which its possessors earn their livelihoods, sustain their f;imilies, and become generally the wealthiest portion of the community. As well might the public money be given to teach the arts of tailoring and making shoes. The mechanic sustains his family by the practice of his art- his profession,- and so does the physi- cian and the lawyer ; and as a money, a property-making business, what is the difference ? If the healing art requires a better previous education, and is more expensive, the remuneration for it is proportionably greater, and it gives a more respectable position in society. It is quite as important for the public health that a shoemaker should be able to make shoes to fit well, save IM n for lilrii Iron ILHI 1 11 II v^ W nil: ac( ,01 '•\ ai i'^ r rff w^niT \ I ■! corns, and keep the feet diy, as tliat tlie physician should understand how to cure the diseases caused by the meclianic's ignorance, and mako a good pill. The one needs the philosophy of prevention, the other of cure ; both sciences are necessary for the welfare of society ; and if the one needs such pubhc support as is implied in the establishment of these Colleges, why not the other ? I do not at all wish to depreciate these highly honourable professions ; but if they prove abundantly remunerative in after life to those who practise them, is it not reasonable that these should sustain all the expenses necessary in acquiring arts so very lucrative ? Considering the age and maturity of our country, do not our professional men of all names compare favourably with those of any other country? At least your 'J'oronto lawyers delight in making this assertion. And if this high position has been reached without the aid of these expensive institutions, where is the necessity for their establishment ? At what colleges of law did our r.obinsons, our Macauleys acquire that knowledge that makes the Cana- dian bpT so proud of them ? IIow much of the public funds were expended in securing to these gentlemen their professional celebrity ? The necessary training may indeed have drained their own purses, but have they not now a fair return for that outlay '? Has it not secured to them very comfortable livelihoods and elevated positions in society ? And this is equally true of the great majority of those practicing in the legal and medical professions in this country. What need then of establishing colleges so ruinously expensive? I know very well the hypocritical plea that will be put forth for their necessity ; but, sir, the real pica is here : the men who had fat salaries in the former University need fuller purses than their knowledge of their profession brings them, now that they are thrown upon their own resources, and their real skill is fully tested. " Here's the rub ;'' this is where the shoe pinches; and it is to afford to Dr. Connor and those legal and medical gentlemen who petitioned Parliament for the re-establishment of these Colleges, a better living than their profession brings them, that these institutions, at an expense to the public of six or eight thnumnd pounih a year, are about to be established. Well, let the Government proceed, we will see the consequences. The people of Canada have called — they still call for efficient and reasonably expensive Universities, Colleges, and (Jrammar Schools ; improvement in this direction is needed, but have they called for Colleges of Law and Medicine ? Are there not institutions, at which the knowledge of these pro- I understand how to , and makf a good Jther of cure ; both r the one noculs such le Colleges, why not ible professions ; but o those who practise i expenses necessary not our proft>ssional otIuM- country? At ertion. And if this xpensive institutions, it colleges of law did hat makes the Cana- funds were expended ity ? The necessary have tl'.ey not now a 'in very comfortable is equally true of the cal professions in this uinously expensive? put forth for their had fat salaries in the ge of their profession resources, and their ere the shoe pinches; ;dical gentlemen who se Colleges, a better ulions, at an expense ur, are about to be see the consequences. Iicient and reasonably lols ; improvement in -olleges of Law and )wledge of these pro- fenionB can be acquired without any expense to the public chest ; and if there is a surplus of means, are there not literary institutions that are doing good service in the cause of education, whose means of extending tlieir operations would be greatly facilitated by atfording them a little help ? In my next 1 intend to send you some facts connected with the expense of conducting University College, and the results, so far, to the country. March 29th, 1856. NiMMO. LETTER II. " Nimmo"* has promised to furnish you with some facts relating to TJniver- lity College. Permit me to aid in this work, for it evidently demands som* attention ab«the present juncture. This institution was endowed as King's College in 1828, with 226,000 acres of the public lands of the Trovlnce. It commenced operations in 1843, with thirty-one matriculated students; (I have the official returns before me,) and in 1854, after twelve years trial, the numbe.' had actually increased hachvimh to twenty-eight ! This humiliat- in"- state of things was owing chiefly to the establishment, in the meantime, of other and more popular Institutions. In looking over the expenditure since 1843, 1 find that it has amounted, on an avera-e, to more than £10,000, or $40,000 annually. The total amount expended up to 1852, was $505,338 ; to this add $40,000 for each year to the present, and we have a grand total of $636,338, as the expen- diture in thirteen years, of a l^niversity that can even now present but twenty-eight matriculated students ! We commend these facts to those whom nothing will satisfy but one " great Provincial University," under the direction of Government. Con- sidered in relation to its expenditure and results, it is an " illustrated edition" of the mountain in labor and bringing forth a mouse ! Will the country much lon IM I iiifi. froii hail )U1I 8 i[ I : i\ i I inoinbcrs seem inclined to sustain the insane project ; it will increase, thcr say, the number of studentn in University College. Never wnstliere a more foolisli supposition. The Icailing denoniitiations have now Universities of their own, well sustained and successl'ully conducted; in these their adherents have confidence, and to none others will they send. The member for Lamb- ton and all others who tinnk with him, may rest assured of this. 'Hie denominations that have no colleges of tlieir own, as the Free and United rresbyterians, Corj^rejrationalists and JJapti.^ts, and these alone will now sustain University Colleji;e ; and indeed, pnut'ca////, it is for their benofit it is now conducted at an annual expense of over .$K),000 to the people of Canada! Can any one deny this? Is there a member of the (Jovcininent or of the House so credulous as to suppose, that the Church of KnyJuml people with Trinity College, the Methodists with Victoria Colleire, and the Kirk of Scotland with t^)ueen's College on their hands, and efnTienlly con- ducted, will send their ynuth to an Institution in which they have no ronfidence ? It is perfectly cbsurd to think so. Hereafter, then, lot it be fully understood that University College is maintayied chiefly for the four denominations named : they are thus saved the expense of erecting colleges of their own. Indeed, more than this, tlie Free Church, United rresby- terians, and Congregationalists have Theological Colleges in Toronto, for the training of their ministers ; all these young men receive tlieir literary ami scientific education at I^niversity College; and in this way, is not the IiLsti- tution that is sustained p7ofcssrf 11^ for the youth of all Canada, jmicfiadlij bmmic the literary dcjuirtmcnt of the Theological ScJumls of the Congre- f^ationalists, a)id the Fret and United Prrshyt.crians ! Such is the grand issue of our " great Provincial University" ! Did the projectors of this costly Institution contemplate tliis 1 Will the country endure so great a public wrong, — the expenditure oi over forty tlmi- sand dollars annually, of our public funds, for the education of three or lour denominations, while all others, comprising the majority of Protestants, are left practically to sustain their own colleges I " These churches rnay well afford to permit Government to conduct the Institution for them, at the expense of the public, while they receive all the benefits — for nothing. Nor arc these highly respectable parties deserving of censure for receiving these great national favors. They did not create the state of things that now exists. Parliament has done that for them, and without any intention of favouring these more than others ; yet such is the real issue of attempting to liJ mti .1 1 iMim .9 furcc (for intleeil it lias boon forced) n great Provincial TTnivcrsity upon a iiiixfil iM'opIt;. circuiri^lanci'tl as we are iii IIiih country. He is a wise l('f;is- lator who, while he wrongs none, yet trainee his iiieasur'is to meet the |ieeuhar wants and circumstances of llie people whom he governs. It is very eviilent that, in University matters, such a le<;islator has not. yet appeared in Canada Tlio scheme of the University now in operation is an insane one ; and to crown this ini(iuily and insanity, it seems that it has actually been decided, that fJi'iSO.OOO shall br iiiinu'iiiately expended in the erection of university biiililiu'^s, and brsides this, a law and a medical c()Ile<;e a e to be added at an annual expense of .i<:jO,0()()! And what are tlie bem fits to the country of lliis wretched waste of money t Why, just, thirty matrimhitcd sliH/cntSt '^thc Profoisors well ptii(l,—the dcnnminations named (dx)ve, well sup- plied until the means of cducatin'^ their sons,- and the lam/rm and doctors tiWght jvofemms ivhich jhii/ thm htindsnmelij in after life ! This is the result, and nolliinj:; more. By and by the country will see this matter in its true lij;bt, and apply the proper remedy ; but not, we fcur» before the original princely endowment is worse than wasted. Tormerly, when Di** ytrachan controlled l\i\\g\ College for the benefit of his church, the country was roused to action to redress the wrong. Mr. Kdltor, is the wrong any the less now, that the University of Toronto is maintained at a far greater expense practically for the benefit of four of our Prot*;stant denominations'? Mill I'arliament, will the country look at this (jucslion in its true light] Will Parliament persist in perpetuating this great public wrong, this expensive, unproductive folly I If so, when the jieople of Canada wdrhave seen the matter in its real light, they will say of it, as Cromwell of the mace,-" Take away that bauble ;" and never was tliat term more appropriately applied than to the present and prospective University of Toronto. The interested friends of this University will probably urge, that sufiicient time has not been given to test fully the re.iults of the present scheme. To this it is sulhcient to rei)ly, that the larger the time given, the worse the mat- ■ tcr becomes. In 1843 there were more students than at present. Up to the year 1847 there was some increase, but since then -since tl.3 establish- ment of the other Colleges— the number has diminished. Thirteen years' trial has only served to prove that the course is retrograde, as will be more fully shown hereafter; whde other Colleges, having comparatively no endow- ment, have succeeded in getting more students in half the time. tSurely this « f lieal lit \ i Jll'h Villi t -^: I III 71 for 1 1 1 1 10 fact should silence the plea for an extension of the " days of grace." It is foolish then to hope that this Institution will yield better fruits in the future. What are the facts of the case ? Students are actually, in a sense, paid for attending ; they are solicited, and yet they will not come. There are ninety scho]arslii|>s, of thirty pounds each, besides throwing off tuition foes, offered to the public ; these sums are nearly sufficient to defray all a student's expenses, and yet the tempting baits are refused. Half the newspapers of the Province are paid for advertising these great inducements: they are made to say in effect, — " Ymaig men of Canada, go to the IJni- vers/f./ of Toronto, and ijoii ivUl get thirty jwunds a year—tmtion^ library, opjiaratus, lectures, the jrrestige of the Provincial University-^ all for noihing .'" and yet only thirty respond to the call ! I question whether tlicre is a parallel to (liis in all history. Nor is it because ihero are not young men in this province who need the advantages thus offered, and v,ho aie prepared to use them ; for other Colleges at which the students are at great expense during their four years' course, are well attended. Trinity College has nearly fifty matriculated students ; Queen^s College is now very prosperous, while Victoria (.'ollege has nearly as many students in its University and Grammar i^chool, as there are in University College and U. Canada Col- lege put together; and all these have to pay the full amount of all their bills. The prosperity of these Institutions, the health and efliciency of their pro- ceedings, will effectually prevent the youth of the denominations to Avliich they belong from resorting to University College ; and this latter School is thus, as I have said before, left practically to be sustained or attended only by the youth of the Baptist, Congregational, Free, and United Presbyterian Churches. AV'hile matters stand thus, the attendance must by necessity be sTiall ; no bribes held out to young men cr.ii render it otherwise. As now constituted and conducted, the Universit-' of Toronto is a grand, an expen- sive failure, ; the experiment has b^en long enough tried — and lias failed in every respect : it should teac'i the advocates of a " great Provin- cial University" a great lesson: it sliouKl prevent (Jovernment from making bad worse, by adding Law and Medical Colleges: and it should call upon Parliament to devise some means by which the immense funds now so utterly wasted, may be successfully applied to the noble object for which they vtere originally intended — the promotion of University education, upon sound christian principles. More And::. April 5th, 1856. tf^' i . - ,J ■s of grace." It ig jetter fruits in tbe are actually, in a bey will not come, )eside3 throwing off sufficient to defray refused. Half the great inducements: da, go to the Uni- s a year—tuUion, ncial University-' '■ call! I question it because ihero are 3s thus offered, and h the students are at attended. Trinity [College is now very ents in its University and U. Canada Col- unt of all their bills. ciency of their pro- ominations to which this latter School is 3d or attended only United rrcsby'erian nust by necessity be otherwise. A?, now s a grand, an expen- gh tried — and has of a " great Provin- •nment from making it should call upon funds now so utterly for v/hich they were ication, upon sound More Anon. 11 LETTER III. This famous University has already cost the people of Canada $630,338 ; its annual expenditure is over $40,000; it has been thirteen years in operation, and yet, according to the retum of Dr. McCaul to parliament, the number of matriculated students in 1854, was only twcnty-cigltt. Of these, tur,nti/-four ircre puid for attending, eadi receiving, in scholarships, fees, &.C., nearly $U)0 a year. Ninety such scholarships are olTered to the public, through the well-paid weekly agencies of our newspapers ; and yet, the youth of Canada refuse to come ; they prefer to attend other colleges that have no such baits to offer, and at which they have to meet a heavy annual expenditvire of money. What stronger proof can be given or required, that the * (tW,.L" 'jl- " if !3<-280,000! In ry, and with those cks' iiii(|iiitous bill ; breaks faith with it like Sir John This is one cause c, whose is the im- port this standing liannMit of Canada? \y of parliament — ontrol — somethinn- irchase of a costly ;lituMdergraduntes, so runs the aspii'ing question is this — i, was given by the r fJniversities" for endowment, thcrc- I the fontiding of a words of the docu- / tlicin (o any other > will best subserve ication upon Chris- liversity" will say, favoured more than •ctririe is preniitted open alike to all." School, what guar- protected, and his iverted 1 The only arantee, for the law Then, gentlemen, I fiental reipiisite of a sions, or great the 13 To whom then can parents look for the fostering of religious principles in the present University ] Who is the responsible party in such great matters 1 Is it (he President, or the President and Faculty combined ? The law ex- pressly forbids their interference in these matters, and effectually screens thein from all such responsibilities. There is no party responsible then— and this being the fact, a Christian community cannot send their sons to such a School. This is a second reason why University College is shunned by the youth of the province. It is (piite otherwise in the case of the Colleges conducted by the several Christian denominations; they do afford the guarantee in question. Take, for instance, Victoria College. The Institution is under the general direction of the .Methodist Conference— a body of Christian ministers— and this simple fact inspires the xMcthodist people, indeed the community at large, with the fullest confidence, that sound morality will be inculcated, and that religious, though not denominational, principles will be respected and impressed upon the mindt of the students generally ; in a word, that irreligion will be discoun- tenced, and Christian piety cherished and respected. The Conference holds itself responsible to the country for conducting such a School. This is the ouarantee ; the country accepts it, and sustains the Institution ; indeed it is sustained by nearly all the Protestant churchei of the I'rovince, notwith- standino- the heavy expenses attending it. The parents prefer to send their sons wlu.-re they are sure their morals and religion will be protected, rather than take them to University College, even though they might receive $120 a year and tuition free, if they attend the latter School. While the several denominational Colleges can give securities of this nature, and U. College, from the simple fact of its being a Government Institution, cannot do so, ,t will lack students, except from the denominations before named, and from parties residing in or near Toronto, who can, in the mean time, exercise pa- rental control over their children. .,,<,. i Now, with all these very obvious conclusions, corroborated by the t ack- in.s of experience for the last thirteen years, is it wise, or poht.c or just, or parliament to persist in this idle waste of the public money 1 / - --^ry Lst see that the plan devised has not succeeded thus far -and st 1 less can uTucceed in the future (there being several good Schools, aided by the re- Hoious feeling of the people, to compete with it) than in the past when these Schools were only strugghng into existence. The scheme adopted lor providing and encouraging University education in Canada, through means of the University endowment, has utterly faUed. The money is wasted ; there i H i m for ical Irovejj ut \ larg«! al p nit'ii fron it SI h:in led oun ml tin .S 01 llih (le •J" it il S a. ilVS W lini ii'ii ri I 14. is no suitable return for the immense expenditure. Tiie leading politicians of the day, who are so rich in resources and contrivances of another kind, can surely devise some other plan that will meet the exigencies of the case. Before them they have the teachings of experience ; let them profit by the lessons of the past. Present men have this advantage over their predecessors ; they know at least what the country will not support ; let them then devise some new plan for the distribution and application of this great University endow- ment, that while it promotes the noble object for which this was given, will at the same time respect the religious feelings, or religious prejudices of the people, for without this no measure can be successful. A very useful lesson may be learned from our neighbours in the State of New York, where the Government — though utterly repudiating the support of religion by the money of the State — instead of establishing one University for (ill, as we have foolishly done in Canade, has wisely preferred to aid existing denominational, though not sectarian Colleges, but at the same time carefully providing that the money so given is expended solely for the promotion of literary and scien- tific education. A much greater amount of good is efl'ected in this way, for Governments cannot be economical, while denominations can be, even with- out being parsimonious. But the friends of the present system will object, that those denominations which cannot support Colleges of their own, would in this way be wronged— deprived of their share of the University endowment. Not at all ; although they should expect to submit to some disadvantages naturally connected with smallness of numbers. To meet their case, I would not abandon University College altogether ; let it be sustained and conducted for them, but let its expenses be limited, as Mr. Hincks promised to do, say to half its present in- come, ;|i20,000 a year. This would be dealing liberally with such bodies; the Institution can be efficiently conducted with that amount, combined with denominational aid. Then let the leading men of these bodies have more to do with the management of the Institution, and the Government less. Fos- tered by the government in this way, the higher kinds of education would soon become general ; a healthful emulation would be created, and good would be done. The plan would succeed in Canada as well as in New York ; and we would have the happiness of seeing our noble University endowment applied to the very purposes for which it was mtended, instead of being wasted as it is at present, or bestowed upon briefless lawyers, and unskilful doctors, as is proposed to be done. More Awon. April 12th, 1856. ■ 1 ' ^ iH eading politicians of ' another kind, can •f the case. Before ofitby the lessons of predecessors ; they (n then devise some ; TJniversity endow- :his was given, will )tis prejudices of the very useful lesson IV York, where the ligion by liie money 7/ all, as we have ing denominational, fully providing that )f literary andscien- ed in this way, for can be, even with- liose denomination!* way be wronged — fot at all ; although illy connected with ibandon University ir them, but let its 5 half its present in- vvith such bodies; )unt, combined with lodics have more to ;rnment less. Fos- of education would created, and good ell as in New York ; versity endowment ad of being wasted d unskilful doctors, More Akon. 15 LETTER IV. I can scarcely telll how I came to omit,in the communication of last week, one of the two chief causes of the falling off in the number of students, in at- tendance at University College, since it was present to my mind at the time ; it is the following very obvious one. Before the establishing of Queen Victoria, and Trinity Colleges, the Provincial University was sustained by the whole community. There was no other University in the country ; but as soon as others were established, they, as a matter of course, drew away the youth of their respective denominations, and left the Toronto University in its present unfortunate position, to be sustained only by those who have no Colleges of their own, and who constitute only a small portion of the people of Canada. This third, and perhaps chief hinderance to the prosperity of the Provincial University will be a standing one ; no remedy can meet this case, and the prosperity of University College is thus rendered impossible. Why then should the immense endowment which is the property of the Province, be foolishly expended as it now is, in educating the feiv, while the 7nany can pos-ibly derive no benefit from it? Surely a law which as in this ease ex- cludes the vast majority of the people from participating in its provisions, must be ill suited to the circumstances of the community for which it was framed. The minority comply with its provisions, the majority cannot do so ; and is not this of itself a sufficient condemnation of the entire scheme and provisions of the present University Act 1 The law being as I have now shown, and the success of University Col- lege, as a great Provincial Institution, rendered impossible, as a necessary co^nsequence of the prosperity of the other Colleges, why will the Governor- General and his Ministry persist in adding foolishness to folly, in attempting to establish Colleges of Law and Medicine in connection with the unpro- ductive School already in operation ? This is sufficiently unpopular now ; the step proposed will render it still more so, since it will inflict a greater public wron- upon the people. Is there any valid reason why the Legal and Medi- cal professions should not be able to sustain themselves in this country.? And if the Government persist in this unwise course, will that induce the Metho- dists, and the Churches of England and Scotland to abandon their own m- stitutions, simply lest University College should fall to the ground? Most certainly not. It is a mark of insanity o think so. Let Government thea abandon their project; let them advise x)r. Connor and the Legal and Medical gentlemen who petitioned the House, to bestir themselves m their m',z m for jica! •()\ t' ut \ I larj^. I ul P nu'ii oil ,1: SI li.'in loci )UI1 11(1 tla itil( I il UM i^S Sm is in 1854, there ident, who received ; $71-7 ; stationery )vincc $384 ; and c nly twenty- eight is a practical illus- iry to draw further to show " the way 1, shameless squan- h r 17 ienn'T of our fme endowment, which is sufficient, if wisely applied, to educate the youth of the entire Province, in the higher kinds of studies'? Why is the Press of Toronto silent in regard to this matter 1 Is it because the money is expended in that cityl Has the Globe lost its tongue 1 It pro- fgsses— and I often rejoice in its boldness and intrepedity— to expose all corruption and humbug. Why is it silent while this great imposition is palmed off before its eyes upon the whole province ] But I believe its Editor is afriend to the establishment of one '' Great Provincial Univer- sity." Is this the cause 1 Indeed J believe the member for Lambton wishes to add the law and medical colleges, which will nearly double the present very generous outlay. In 1854 the ordinary expenditure was $41,164, and the number of matri- culated students twenty-eight. Each of these cost the Province that year *1 468 ; and this sum repeated through each of the four years of the Uni- versity course, amounts to $5,872 for a single graduate 1 This is the cost to the Province for each A. 13., that emanates from the University of Toronto . ^< Poor llichard" would say, it is a pretty good price for a " whistle." Let the people look at it and apply the remedy. I stated in a former article that Governments cannot be economical, and have we not in the wretched management of this " Grand Provincial University" the strongest, and at the same time the most painful proof pos- sible of the truth of that assertion 1 How many young men could be well Tcated at the other colleges, where an A. B., possesses fully as much ntrinsic value, and its holders are fully as well trained, for this immense sum, e^ he fund wisely distributed! And then how much better, were efficient Xes established in various parts of the Province, than to attempt thus o ! > Ml lirrht at a sinole point, even were the attempt successful. relit e^w en tCmoney that belongs alike to all the young men Tc.Z, is so shamefully lavished, and the attenH^t an utter, a ridiculous failure. More Anon» April 19th, 1856. LETTER V. I am credibly informed that a meeting of the Senate of the so-called . Provinri U Jversity" has been called to recommend the re-establishment of he departments of Law and Medicine in this Institution. Now, Sir, m for nei Jvl,o arc the movers in (his unpatriotic project ? F have shown alroa.lv, tin, T n,vcrs,ty Col e^e exists ;,..r^/«,//y for the " sole use and behoof" o tl iree ,,„...,,. the United Pre.sb.terians, the Congregationalists and J^apti he her and most numerous denonnnations having Colleges of the! t The leadn,, n.en of the churches that su,,port irniversit, College see la U .sahnos deserted b, the youth of Canada. The, know that 'the co W.1I no long su.stan.it >. ,/..., unless the number of students can creased The, have staled that the establishment of the depart .^ j- Law and .Ale^.c.ne would ellect this purpos.. and henco the p esent 1 .nent Dr. Conner and the other n.en.bers of the fonner Faculties oH al and Med.Hne m the TTniversity, who perchance need a little '• State support •' although the, were handson.el, paid upon their retirement from the In.lit; , t.on, are the second part, ; and we believe there is not a third. I wdl be seen that both these parties are deepl, interested in the success t,s project; no .neans will be left untried to elTect it; and the coun should keep a close e,e upon th.ir n.oven.en.s. If their .lill and p ea r enacted, .t W.I cost the countr, .^30,,)00 a ,ear ; that is, //.>/,' .W, I do^lc^s ^n ad^Utron to tl. fo,y thousand no>oc.,..drd in a I ^loZ for the hcnep. of tkcs. Churches and the three Faculties of Arls. M d jcme, and Law! for certainly it will not be pretended that all this vast ou, lav :s snnpl, to educate ttrent,,.ei^ht ,oun.. men ' '^^^^7 of this new moven>ent is reail, past endurance. Will it be be eved that some of the ver, parties who aided in getting the TIniver i fo the benefit of h.s church, are now among the foremost to establish the. n V Colleges, m order to perpetuate a Universit, for themselves at the pubhc^ expense. Yet such is in fact the true character of this selfisE affinrtill"^''""' 'r";/'" ""'•^^"'"'^ ™^"'^^ «^^'"« •"-— U affirm that the 1 rovn,ce should not be called upon to sustain the proposd lieges. Law and Medicine are professions-arts, I will not sa^ide level,) b, means of winch n.en expect to acquire wealth and distinction. mone, a d pos.t.on the, secure 1 Are the, not decidedl, the most renuu.era- t ve all the occupations of the age ? The merchant and mechanic teach thepnnc.plesand pract.ee of their professions without aid from the state; wh, should not the Iaw,er and ph,sician do so too I And were these p^o 111 r 19 Cession* left, as all others arc, to propa-ate themselves, at the expense of those who desire to practice them, would there be any lack of lawyers and nhysiciansl Would not private Colleges, such as the Toronto J^chool ot ' ledicine, be forthwith estahli>lu.l ? I believe I speak advisedly when 1 say, tint there is not in Canada, at this nmment, and there never has been, a more eflkiently conducted School for teaching the knowledge of the " heulmg art, ,!,,„ (he one I have'namcd. Several medical gentlemen, who are nu.nbers of parliament, from all parts of this province, I am informed, attended the htc annual examination of the students of this public School ; and can 1 not ipneal to them for the truth of the assertion I have n.ade ] Yet the '1 oronto < ho.,1 of Medicine is a self-supporting Institution. It does nc^ cost the country a single pound. Why then expend $15,000 a year of the pubUc money, when a better Institution is provided without cost 1 The seventy young men who attend this School are willing to sustain all the expenses attending their professional studies, from the certainty ot the ha„dsom(> return in wealth and position which will be secured to then> here- after They see no reason why the state should pay for instructmg them m abusinessby which they and their families are to be supported. And the able Professors of this School are not beggars at the door of rarhan.ent o public support ; they are well enough paid without it. The mere act t a heir success from year to year depends upon the.r own efforts, s 1 g.eat "to great exertions; whereas were they paid by the state, m d lerenc and perfunctoriness would as necessarily mark their course, as that ol all e-paid functionaries. The bread and butter of the one depend u,u)n "^1^ effort ; that of the others is already secured by U.e m.e ro^m^ performance of duty. This is the great parent of all meilkiencj , that, ot ''C:Z:^ r thieved by the Toronto Scl.ol of Medicine .^1 .ost assuredly be done in law. Indeul it Ik. been ^one aln^ly. A^^ st.te naid colle^^e did our leading lawyers and judges graduate 1 A\ hue chU ':i : n ot^our Macauleys°and others acquire their thorough, emmen lowled.. of their profession ( Did the state, or private mterest, supidy the loarthesegrLtmenl ^Vby then^.-g^ - ^^^^^^^ r; i!!!'!:; :::;^:r- i;t:r ::. .r^dy supped by t; n erprise, and Ltlur>U cosiJ The four churches already named m and'ormer articles, and the eight or n'ine Professors m Un.vers.j Co - tletve now $.0,000 a year expended upon them from the pubhc chest; t^ival m for lin: KMl 1i U(l W^ -'^ffpr^r !i .•_=i.^» r>> i ;l. 20 and is not that enough ? Must jj(30,000 more be trivm f.. ♦», -pl; , as they sa, th.„.seivo, thft the *10,0( , / h u teX '"'"^' ' 1 he b.Il now before l>aHiamcnt for ihe support of higher education in I n Canada, provi.ies that .£5,000 a ,ear shall I taken'fro.n t e c r; und,r.r the en.-ouragen.nt of collegiate education in U /" tl' ' balance a l.ke drain of the public cbest for Lower Canada L -t iC ' ^ c.t both tl.se clauses of the bill, and distribute ^.U^l:'::: -ng Colcges .n Upper Canada, the i;7,r,()0 of the L'niversi.y f M, wantonl,, and needlessly, and selfishl, about to be thrown ^ C^l^" of Law and iMedicine-and oood will I.p ,I ,„„ 'v^ , . ^'-'' then do a really popular thil^ . V ^ '" '""''"'^ ^^''"'^"T '^''^ patriotic measure. ' ""'^ -ould lor ever thank then, for that one April or,th, 1856. ^^''''^ ^'"'''' in ■ LETTKll VL ho.,„v„, „„, „„,„, w" pa,.„e r , :„ 7 ^:7'" ";- «-. erous removal of the rl.n.P .,//. v , , ° ''"- ''^''""cli- Act « it „„„J,, lV,„ , j; ; „ " °" ''"'"'■■''•■« "'-'I' rcfe.-,,,! I„ ,|,e 21 Mctlical and Law Schools; not at all bccmise tliose Scliools ore nrciled, but Minply, as tlu-y say tlieiiisclves, to prevent 1 7 niversity Collc<,a' from (lying out or being utterly deserted by llie youth of Canada; for in that ease lliey would be deprived of tlie means of educating tlitir youth at the expense of the public. This is a very modest demand, to say the least of it ; yet how else can we interpret their conduct f And if they repudiate this charge, then why does the Ivlilor of the ^Vo/y/', in his place in the House, and why do Doctors \\'illis, r.illio and Taylor, in the Unversity Senate, strongly recnmmemi the establishment of thcM! schools] Let those answer who can. Net are not tiiese Ihe lending public men of the several churches for whose sole use U. College may be said now to exist ? Loud and vehement were the charges ai^ainst " .lohn T'oronto" — his selfishness and dishonesty— when he laboured to have King's College conducted at the public expense, for the special bene- fit of his church ; lei the country draw the distinction between tlial and the present course of the parties I have named, ami then apply the projjcr— the same remedy. But this verdict is what they dread ; they see it looming up before them in the distance ; and therefore the eiVort to forestal public nctiop, by the cstublishmenl of these unnecessary schools, in order, as they say, to increase the attendance at 1 '. College, and so, if possible, prevent its suppres- sion. Here are the motive and the object ; let the country judge of them. lUit this whole scheme is as unfair as it is selfish. (Queen's, Victoria, and Trinity Colleges have established .Medical Schools, and without any expense to the public, since the suppression of these departments in the Trovincial University. To raise up a rival Institution now, at the public expeiue, is both unfair and altogether unnecessary- at least until it can be shown that these Institutions aulhori/.e men to practice medicine without a fair knowledge of their profession. The existing Medical Schools are established on the only legitimate basis, ^\'hy should men who make their fortunes out of the public ex'pect also to bo educated at the expense of that public ? \\'ere t a lawyer or a phvsician,and 1 am neither,! would feel that the merchant and mechanic had c.Iual claims for the education and training necessary for their respec- tive professions. The last argument which I shall adduce against the establishment of the proposed Colleges amongst us is this : it is affirmed upon very high authority, that both in England and the United States, Law and Physic are taught by self-supporting Institutions. Why, then, should it be otherwise m Canada ? The reply of Dr. Conner and his friends to this question would be very con- on for 1 I ,t il 11 \ s ml / I h Ui I y ^ 1 22 Hu^iv.. «n,I wouM no .louht hn.^ j,r..a( wri.l.t xvilln.s, woro it not so ".M.nafHy conncc..,! wirl. prrsn,,,/. rath., than puLli. i„t,.n.;f< • r shall d..e this article with a lV,vj,nH.ral .nna.ks n.p....,i:, ,1., r,,;,,,. Mtr a.ul rr. Coll,.,, xo ,„,„„^^ ,,^^ . r, mvc . "-' — Iik..|y to n.ak-.. this Institution m.c o ' . '""'• .oen..|, ,. ..,h.n,.havH.,.n.li;,:;';.J3:;.:r,^ oner of « at .. n.a, ^ e.,u.valu.t to •' (V... ..on.nun.V' and " f.v. |,.,,„,.s ' Hu«,rat.nto„.sonorhasl,o..n prodainwd tl,nn,,h tlu. t.'-n tl..u.and hL --H. our ,,.-ovin..ial new.papns ; .../, sHK,la..hi,,s hav 1 " " t .•...". r.o..,h th. conn,., , and yet los. than on.-thin. of then ^ L -:e,,t..d ! w de o.l... College. ,ha, .-an present no sn.h indnoen ts v .l.e M.nl. nts have to pa, ever, hill, are Ml to o^eHlowin, ! ,) !,', J^ [•resent a parallel to this t » Surelv •• there ,n,wf 1 . Ti • ^ state of Denmark." ^ ' '""'""""'^ '■"'"'" '"" ""^ A,ain, v^hile the start" of Professors ha. been ..eatly increased.,!. aUcn.!- -oe.sle.s,hanin IS,.., .henthe Institution open'l as Kind's (J| ." a was, ortv-one,.o.i, i.,n.t,. ent,-ei,ht; indeed ,h;n„:^ udents seen, to ennerse ratio to the .en.ral expenses and llu-ilities r thur .n.truct.on. ^ he uhole sehen.o iVon. the he.innin, was an extrav.. .|.Hl fool.h one. Instead ofaddin,- iVofessorsas the wants of the hMit.Mi. '1-- e , t e entn-e stalf was sent on helbre there w.-re an v students (o atte, sun.e the le.-tnres. There is a Pron^ssor of Chen.istr,, one of Asrie„|„nv no of ( .e.do,y, and one of Natural lli.tory. Nei.h.r of these :entlen,en' as n.ore t an two elases; and J an. very eredihiy inforn,e,l, tlJeven this as^ wn>t,T, alter years of labour, some of the ch.s... of these Proie.sors Ik.,1 /^u. twostwlrnts u, ,hnn. ! Connnent upon this is unneeessary. Let the .'uhnn-ers of '• one great Provincial Pniversity" look at it, and answer to the ' ountry for then- advocacy of the eontinuanc.. of such an histitul.,,,. l'>'touce,„ore; as if the youth of Candda had already shown :u,v <.r«, ( i-rn IdeeUon for this Institution, and .// were expected to attend, a n.auLth iMul.in,o- ,. now projected , about .^3()0,()()0 have be,.,, appropria,..! for its orecfon, and forthwith Mr. Frederick Cumberland is despatched to viMt Kuropean fn.versiues, and prepare plans for the propose.! e.iibce./o acammo- datciva>t>,.e,ts.^,!,aents, and be an " ornament to our city." For of the hotter o d,v v-: »he P. ss of Toronto speak, au.I such only will thev, hv and by, proc!,.o U. \Vhen this << ornannnf^ will have prove.l its.df anotl.; ^ lad,norn. , .. wdderness," I should say, in the city, I hope this I'ress will ocyeady to mform the public of the an,ount of work done, and the m.cccs. of :■! ■ 1 i ': S 1 were it not so its. •Ii";i;lln' ''riiviT- •'■'■II I'-'I'I iintiiod, Jnso Slims have I, "itli flu- liberal ' iVfC ll'Ctllfoj,;" tlioii-and weekly !ivc liccii ,^ent a Jlit'iii liave bucn cemciif.s when! I^ncs history !":; I'ottcii in this I'^e'Iitln' nlteiul- ^^iiin'^ (.'olle;.e; III'' iuiiiiIht of 'I lacililies for an •■xtrav;i;>iiiit t'lln." Ill>lituti(1|| ii'l';iit> to alteiid ot'.Agriciildiro, ii'f*(! .^f'litleiiien , that even this I'loie^sors hail iiry. Let tii(! answer to the iition. * 3Vi' ;t!iv L:rci t 1(1, a niaininoih iriat(.'(l Ibr its iteliei! to vi>it (■,/w IICCODIMO- ity." I'or „f will they, by itself another tlii.s IVoM will llio success of 23 tht! Institution, r^on llio wliole, T (ineMion wlielhor lliore was over luMbrcf ijiliibitfl ii j^reater aumiiiit of stupid fatality than in the entire uiana^emeril of oiu- '• ouc grt'at I'lovincial I iiiveisity," unil its j^plemlicl, but wasted on- tlowinent. 1 iiivu now Nhown onouj^li to estabiisli tli*; want of pracliral wiHloin ami jiolitifa! fon'siMJit in tlie men wbo devised this iniproductivo IJnivtMMty sclicnie. riie jieople Ibr whom it was intendeil, and the liivtitntions ahead) in existeneo v.. re not understood. Mke the ninuerous political eonstilntions f;;,ii(d by I'renrliinennpon "broad pliilosopbieal principles," it looks fine on paper, but like tbem, also, it is unsound; Ibr when tested, tlio pbilosopliiral scbeino of" one great Provincial rniversity" for the people of tins country, lias proved ft miserable failure. Inert matter is every wliero the same, nn.l the laws that -govern it an- fixed. Not so the laws that f;overn men ..nd nations ; these mu>t be suited to the s;enius of tie peoph; ibr whom they are latended— to their education, their institutions, and even to their tastes and prejudi.-es. While the other Colleges exist and are elViciently conducted, the deeply seated religious feeling of our people will gnarantet; their prosperity; and that which assures this, writes the doom of the so-called Provincial School. Prom the very necessities of the case, both cannot prosper at the same time. The den.nninations having Colleges will send their youth to their own Institu- tions, where moral and religious principles will be sustained and cherished. Supp'ros these Schools and then " one University for all" may have ^forcrd growth— hut not otherwise. What a much greater amount of good could be effected in the eJucatioi\ of the people hy the expenditure of these large sums of money, were we to borrow a leaf from the book of our practical neighbours, the Americans. Instead of attempiing to create one, or any number of lights, under the ex- „ iisive direction of (iovernment, they have more wisely aided those established by the several denominations, but, at the same tune, carelully guariling that the aid alVorded is not used for sectarian purposes. And cannot our governmei>t do so too ] Can they not require annual reports trom the several Collecres, showing that the amount given is applied strictly lor literary and scientific purposes. And if this is not sutlicent let ( Iovernment appoint one or more Commissioners, who shall attend the annual examnmtions of the Colleges receiving aid ; let these report annually to Parliament, as to the nature of the education imparted, the amount of work done, and the due observance of the conditions imposed, in order to prevent the application of i 11) s W \ lin: il !'■" r ,111 '"' ton jor M^ a.ia,., ■W f ^t""- - 'f 24. the aid given for the f„rfl,cra„co .f ,,„,■ purrl,- sectarian e„,ls. Let ,|,i, „„; , be we I g„arJe.l, as in ,l,o T^niled State,, a,„l where ,l,e con.li, ' ^ .on«tb- cotnplie,! ,vi,l,, |e, ,|,e annual grant be ,v e.,i, I „, ,2:° hands more „ I he enVeted hy ,l.e expenditure „f a ,l,o„,a„.. ,k, n*' n.o.,ng 1,0 .gher ednoation of the eonnnnni,,, ,h„„ ,,, J„„„J ,„ t^^,^- the hand, of ( .overnment. And then, in order to remove all c„„e Tf 1 .n,t, let^niversit. College be eondncted for tbe benefi.o t .Z dele::' attons and,,ar„es „h, are nnable to establi-h follege, for then,,: I j le th annnal expenses be redaeed ,„ the Ihnil, proposed bv Mr. Hi ^ > hen he deee„ed the country into acquiescnce with his bill i„ „-„ !!„ ' that ,s 1:6,000 If jndieionslv applied the amount is ampl, suflleienf to .i,;' ,TTT, ft T '"*'"""■»"— ■■l-i"g the proportion of the p„p„,a°,i,„ t Itwdlbe ,kel, teavad then.selves of its advantages, TheremaLde o to Mr Ilmcks' uofulfdled prcnise, and in proportion ,o the Character a.3 .moun of work done will elfect more in twent,- jears. in promoting .fc higher kntds ol edueal.on in this country, than could possibly he done b." Co verment in whole centurj. i j u^ uo A%7,1856. M0REAN05.