\ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // ^ i 1.0 I.I us 1^ liii 2.2 2.0 1.8 1-25 II 1.4 1.6 V '^-^ — 6" ► « Sciences Corporation -^N <^ ^\ WrS 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)873-45d3 '^ CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microraproductions histoHquas Tectinical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques Thp tQ th The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exeinplaire qu'il lui a M pouible de se. procurer. 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The, following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, pjanches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour fttre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gaucl^e. de gauche d droite. et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3^'\ .>■•«- 1 D 12 X 6 PHILADELPHIA INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. DESORIPTItE CATALOGUE OF A COLLECTION OF THE ECONOMIC MINERALS OF CANADA, AND NOTES 'C/t *I ■0 r- li ON A STRA.TIGRAPHICAJ. COLLEjOTION OF lOGKS. — A Montreal : LOVELL PRINTING AND POBLISHIN^ COJIPANy. 1876. .\. '.^: ., -v ■«•■' r '.. \ V ■' . ' . ■ " ^1 • 1 -■■'il* aJsi .;. :.i. .■V .- •t . , V ..r i*^ ft II v.. '^If ^ » « '\ / PHILADELPHIA INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION. 1876. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE OF A OOLLlCno* or TH> ECONOMIC MINERALS OF CANADA AND NOTES 05 A. STEATIGRAPHICAL COLLECTION OF JQCK&. '\ LOVELL PRINTING AND PUBLISHING COMPA'NT. 1876. i.&f ^liMg^i^MlajYJsiii tl^.rt.>Jaj£.V^;..fly^ftAB'.J^-r •«'0^ a ' -^^A^ . ^ •■ * i S^i-'^'^^U^J^ a&Y* "', ^ ^^ /^ Oeac 198S J^ PHILADELPHIA INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. ^ DESCKIPTIYE CATALOGUE or THE CANADIAN GtOLOGICAL EXHIBITS, COMPILED Br THE GEOLOGICAL CORPS OF CANADA. / 1 r... c a.s,fioat.on g,ve„ below „ oasentially that adopted by Sir W. E. Logan in tl.e ca alogue prepared for the London Internatio.,al Exhibition of 1862, alL„„h .o.ne alterafons andadditions l.ave been rendered nece,,aary. In «o„.e oases, wZ no .ore recent .nfonnation ha3 been obtained. Sir Wiilia„..« description,, ba e been rr heT" "7"-^^--"-- ^■"' ^e roundopposite th'e localities ^o Tenet, rT'rr." " '''''"^' ^^'"^^ '''' «^^'^«-' ^-'-'-- -e in .general .nd.cated at the pnd oi^^ descriptive .natter. The arran^en.ent of the spec.„.en, under each Headi» „ot geological but ,eo,raphicar Br t Colun b e.h.bi,s when therelw, beinggivon first. the;thL fr.n L W ^^W,TerntoryandMan.toba, a„<, so on from west to east. The headings unde which the various substances are classetl are as follows : I— Metals and their Ores. f II.-Material8 used in the production of Heat and Light IV.-Mineral Manures. ^^tSfte also under IIL) v.— Mineral Pijhaents and Detergents. Vr.— Salt, Brines, and Mineral Waters. \^rn~o?"*'' '''^""*"' *" ^'"""'?° '''"* ''«'=«'««^« Construction. ■* III.-Refractory materials, Potte^r Clays, and Pottery. IX.-Materials for -Qridding and Polishing. .. ' ' X.-Minerals applicable to the Fine Arte and to Jewelry. - ' XL— Jliscellaneous Minerals. / ' \ J / I ■ , .V ♦ ■ were observed. When etched with aiji acid ,t exhibits beautifully theso-caUcd Widmaunjiitiian figures. f Lal^e Huron. It runs N.W. andTfi Cd s flanked by greenstone or diorite on the N E. and quar.rite onS.Wr. sid"/ P^?es ear Chapman ha, made a complete analysis qf this ore, and hnds it o co"tlin -^ ^ 6085 per cent, oifbn, notitanium,andonly tracesof sulphur and phosphorus Two other vems, each about four feet wide occur on the property, which belong to tie Algoma Iron Mimng Co. of Toronto.Xi/urom.in. *^ "^ '' °..oe'on«» to tbe ^ NoTi -In the Lakes Superior and Huron region magneUc, iron ores ocr„r in quanttues which may be of economic n.lue .f.he folLing ocaSs o fce' outh of Vequaquon a^Gun-flint I?akes (ma„i.e c^.uUinf ore, i^ the N > corner of the township o«,-eehing.inUr.tratifled with sTndstone (coiuins3 U^r ^t t£ tie T '"■ '^l^^'' '*" °' "^^ ""'"»'' "' Little Pic River depS) ftet Afck-the .ronis chiefly a .ilioate-metallic iron from 36 to 46 per clnr Lake near Long Lake House ,orfl sificeoul and slaty,; Oros Cap mouth of abont eight md.s north of Batchawana Bay (large quantities of fine-grained ml*-' o««idTh^'"J'"'"'"P*^""''°''"^">^ ^«»-'' Ri-r,alargeTepo3U Jf ore said to have been recently discovered a few mile, from Lake S»periorr 5. Township of Gahvay.O.. -^ t r, t ^ T^ '• it "• Specimens of magnetic iron ore. _ » From a series of outcrops on lot. twenty-seven m the thirteenth and fourteenth ' examined b,Prfr''rK'''°'''°'*'°^''"22Jt»nce. Some^of the ores, hare been tS^-ioTrJ^r ''''''"''° '"' found to be rich ,n iron and 'free from 6. ^Snowdon Iron Location, Peterborougfc 0.. ..... . . Ontano Adnsory Board. a. Specimen, of magnetiq iron ore. -i<*« V- T .>^ DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. «.nt termite of the Toronto andNipis.ingRaiWTh^*t/«^^^ HBla, st^cture. and according to Profefsor Cbapmin of Tol^^^ *^'" whKh haye a possible aggregate thickness of fifty oTsitrflrT ?'""" "" ^^' one bed showed a thickness of six or seven fLt J f ^ ? J"*' P'*" ''"°'' ''" analyse of an average sample of the ol bTpro^r^lra^Ln^''^ '""'"'''"^ '^ '« ,j Sesquioiide of iron Ii:::Sa!!^."°^;::::- ■=-^"'~ il'l^-'^n-. iron «,..a Titanic acid., Oxide of manga'nese. 0.42 0.73 0.13 Magnesia 2.56i 1.43 >■ Rock-matter isjc *Linie ' Silica Phosphoric acid Sulphur 11. nJ 0.17 0.04 .V P9.87 , «^ «^- ■=- ^ 7. Blairton, Belmont, / ^l^Colcurg, Feterhorough, ami Marmora ^ ^'*''«-'"'i Mining Co,n2Jamj. «. Two large masses of magnetic iron ore, from a Uep,h of 150 feet. ir^^rZZ SaS^t^ *:^-:;:- Jr'^-led. is «„« of the most -any years. The ore is fin y granTa/'and nft' ° "'*"'"*'^ '">'''"' '°^ admixture of hematite. It occurs^n a *„- ^ i^^" "' * •=""«''«>"'"'lo talline limestone, talcose slatel. .• f ^^' mterstratified with crys- whole highly inclnedsom; of the r." "' "''^^ «etamorphic rocks, tho deal of rock matt and fr^ py n' s r/irr '":' '"' •"''^" "°^- * K°o<» known as the "sand-pit b:r;rDrHtrasS-;r^P^™ ^""" """^^^^ Magnetic oxid«jpf iron ,, «„ „ . ,v . Magnesia... ^''■80=Metollic iron 52.72 LiJe ZZ~Z "-'^ Carbonate of i^...Z'''''Z'IZ'Z'"Z 2 40 Carbonate of magnesia ' no, pho«pborus :::;:;;; Ill Sulphur.. r Wafer: ,«<'" ^««"'"'"« "::::::;:::::: i':^ 101.142 Ore is now being raised from a depth of about 160 feet, the mining and loading ±-.^i ■: *^ .*^. the township of SnowdoD, N. E. of Coboconk, the pre- heorebasawmewhatgra. n of Toronto occurs in beds '^tj feet. Trial pits sunlt oa least. The following is an chapman { 58.35 ) 24.87 ] *'*'*"'<' ''•on 6Q.18 0.42 0.73 0.13 15.IG 0.17 0.(J4 9.87 the United States during gularly worked. Messrs. —Liurentian. 'rough, ami Marmora 'ot»2)ant/. th of 150 feet. »lled, is one of the most extensively worked for )ntains a considerable terstratified with crys- etamorphic rocks, tho 1 others contain a good pecimen from what is 80=JIetallic iron 52 72 16 i5 10 4 35 27 ! 42 4P MINERALS OF CANADA. 7 on the ears which take it to Rice Lake costing about $1.25. The annual produo- tion from 1869 to 1875, inclusive, was approximately as follows : '^^^ 20,000 tons '^^" •' 10,000 " ., '^'^' 20,000 " '^''- 20,000 " '^^^ 27,000 " '^^•^ • 25,000 " '^^5 .,. 20,000 " 142,000 The largest part of this has been shipped to the United States. Many J-ears atro a blast furnace was erected in the adjoining township of Marmora, to smelfthe ore w,th charcoal, but the att^^ which were made wer« not attended ^itb profit, owing, probably, to dist^prom a port of shipment, ind inattention to the proper sorting-of the ore and the nature of the required flux. The number of men employed in cohnection with the mines is generally about 150.-Ljurtntian.' / 8. Madoc, 0., lot 11, rtinge 5 Geoloipccl Sutc^j. a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore. , • ^ A bed from twenty-five to thirty feet thick, known as the "Seymour Ore Bed " The ore is finely granular, unusually free from pyrites, and one of the finest in the country. It is underlaid by a thin band of soft black mica-schist, and overlaid by reddish-grey highly feldspathic rocks, which are porpbyritic in places and graduate mto syemte or syenitic gneiss, with epidote. On the run of the bed to the eastward dark grey hornblendic rocks occupy the surface In places, as well as the feld-' spathic rocks just alluded to. Actinolite forms the chief associate of the magne- .hrn^TT"^ m scattered radiating bunches, and also uniformly disseminated through the ore. In 1837 a furnace was erected in Madoc village for smelting this * ore, but was m blast only ^q. short time when it was abandoned, one of the pro- ' prietors having been killed in the mine and the other not having sufficient means to carry on the operations. The iron produced is said to have bten of very superior quality. For a short time wood was employed as fuel. The distancei)f tliie deposit from railroad or navigable waters has until recently been the grSt obstacle to its further development, but the Grand Junction Railroad now pSTs a few miles to the sou.h of it, and it is said that a branch will soon be built to the adjoining oie deposits in Madoc. The following is an analysis by Dr. T. Sterry Peroxide of iron 1 ^ Protoxide of iron 1 ^^-220 | Metallic iron 64.61 Phosphorus qqj, S"'?*"" '~.''Z". o.m Insoluble matter 1Q420 99.725 lhSu!;lT"T """^ '""'*'* "" '*""°« '"5 is said to indicate tLat the bedlis thicker than heretofore supposed.-i,aur" mining and loading 9.Madoc,0.,weBthaIfofIotl9.ra„ge2 Geological Purvey. g j Sp^' ^in' fn gf magn e tic iron ore, — . <^ 6 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. From a deposit known aa the " NeiLion Mine," and eridently a continuation of tlie two preceding. Tlie ore is rich in iron, but contains a good deal of iron pyrites. The thickness of the bed appears to be about twenty-five feet, but may prove to be greater.— Xaurontion. Geological Survey. 19. Madoc, 0., west half of lot 16, range 5 «. Specimen of magnetic iron ore. From an opening known as the " Cooke Mine." The ore is a finely granular magnetite resembUng that of the " Seymour Bed," of which it U probably the repreaentatiTe, on the opposite side of an anticlinal. The extent of the deposit is not known, but ore has been found in considerable quantity on the adjoining lots 15 and 17 in the same range. The branch from the Belleville and North Hastings RaUroadjs expected to pass dose by this locality.— Zaur«n(»an. 11. Madoc, 0., east half of lot 17, range 6 Geological Surrey. a. Specimen of magnetic iron ore. From a property adjoining the preceding, and known as the " Moore Mine." The ore is very free from impurities and occurs in syenitic gneiss. It is said to contain about 61 per cent, of iron.— Laurentian. .12. Bathurst, 0., lota 9 and 10, range 8. . ,.John Hart and W. J. Mcnris, Perth. a. Specimens of magnetic iron ore. An irregular deposit, knowq as the FoUy Iron Mint, perhaps averaging two feet in thickness, in coarsely crystalline diorite. The ore sometimes occurs in large octahedral crystals, the axes of which are often more than an inch in length. Crystals of apatite are scattered here and there among the crystals of magnetite, and masses of granular apatite occur in the adjacent rock. The magnetite yields to analysis about fifty-eight per cent, of iron, and the horizon in which it occurs has been traced from Eagle Lake in Hinchinbrooke to Fitzroy on the Ottawa River, a distance of about fifty-six miles.— Z,aur«niian. . Ontario -Adm^sory Board. a3. Bedford, O., lot 4, range 1 a. Specimens of magnetic iron ore. The Glendower or Howse mine is situated in the south-west corner of Bedford, two and a half miles from the Kingston and Pembroke Railway on the west,' seventeen from the Rideau Canal on the east, and about twenty north of Kingston on Lake Ontario. The ore is taken from a bed of crystalline magnetite running north-eastward, which appears to be at least eighty or ninety feet thick. During the summer of 1875, about 6,000 tons (of 2240 lbs.) of ore were raised, and 4,070 exported to Elmira, N.Y., where the company has headquarters. Only about J,500 tons a month are being raised at present, although the mine is opened to a monthly capacity of 3,000 to 5,000 tons. The analysis of the ore shows «4.03 per cent, of metallic iron, 1.32 of titanic acid, and only .traces of phosphorus and sulphur. Mr. A. Creveling of Kingston is the superintendent.— Aaur W% ifie ofes of Iron tfiereftfe variable proporlioni oF Siif^fc )-Wa Ji^£^A^'^A'^-vift^'^M«-^}^\-K 12 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. sUiceous sand, and small quantities of garnet, so that artificial concentration is necessary to fit the material for metallurpcal treatment. In practice this is eflbcted by shaking-tables, but in a very incomplete manner. Dr. Hunt found the Moisie sand, before washing, to contain 46.3 per cent of magnetic grains, and after washing only 62.00 per cent. The washed sand conuined 55.23 per cent of iron I6.00of titanic acid,..07 of sulphur, .007 of phosphorus," 4nd 5.92 of insoluble matter. (Report of the Oeol. Surrey of Canada, 1869-69, p. 267) The only locality at which the sands have been extensively worked is at Moisie (or MoisicX near the mouth of the Moisie River, an^ about 330 miles below Vuebec. Here several Woomary furnaces were built by Mr. W. M. Molson of Montreal, in 1867, aSa" since then a considerable quantity of excellent iron has been made, and in partVipped to England and the United States. At present the Moine Jron Company is in insolvency, and.the works closed. The property compnses, 3,m acres of land, eight bloomarKfurnaces, capaMe-of producing thirty tons of blooms a week, a .reverberatoryVurnace in which to j*-heat the blooms tor a second hammering, a tilt hammer, set of roUs for making bar Iron forty miners cottages, hotel, Ac. Belonging to the same estate there is also a' valuable rolLng mill and naU factory in Montreal. While the works were in operation about one hundred hands were employed at Moisie. r:% Hematite, (including crystalline and earthy varieties.) ' ' 1. Silver Lake Mining Location, Thunder Bav, Lake 1 ^ , Superior ■ _ > Geological Survey. "' ^^°oLl!d i^h/^r!'*" ""^ from beds of fine-grained compact hematite opened on the western part ot the location. b. About 150 lbs. of broken ore from the Wwermost of the beds of botryoidal hematite or "jkidney ore," opened about a quarter of a mile east of the above. c. Piece of ore weighing about 100 lbs., similar to the last, but taken from a higher bed in the same part of the location. The above location is situated five and a half miles S. E. of the head of Thun- der Bay. The ore occurs in a group of beds, not less than forty or fifty feet in thickness, associated with compact sandstone, and ferruginous limestone suit- able for a flux, near the base of theNipigon series. Most of the beds consist of very pure hematite, contoiniag, on an average, 63 to 69 per cent, of iron, accordinK to the analyses of Prof. H. AUeyne Xioholsou, of Xewcastle, and Dr. Ellis, of Toronto. The outcrop of the ore beds has an elevation of 470 feet above Lake Superior, and fi very favourably situated for mining and for scielting with char- coal.— A i//i^on Sirie». ' 2. Mining lots ti7 B and 68 B, Loon Lake, near) , ^ Thunder Bay, Lake Superior j ^^- ■^«' >. ' MINERALS OF CANADA. 13 This location conipri.e. Blocks A 1 and A 2, .itnated on thi .^rth «d*»of Desert Lake, and about five miles from Porilock Harbor on Lake Huron The vem, -of solid o« like the specim^s, cuts the gn^yish-white Huronian quartsite i. three feet thick, and runs a little north of west and south of east/ It has b<»" ■' ««y °f reduction): Zls east o>L»keNonwatanose, Black Sturgeon River (a «d earthy hem.tij)- we« tf the r t , T^^A'"" ""^ ^'^li'^om I abont 10 miles up the east branch of the Montreal River, Otuwa yalley (veins of specular iron in quartzite) ; fZ deno^f ^'f ' ^'°" '"'I'-K Poruge, south branch of Moose River f. ^ deposit of sJiceous carbonate of iron passing into Watite). 'Myard', Toronto. ^■ Geological Survey . . Madoc, 0., east half of lot 12, range 6, T.C. Wallbridge, Belleville. ': a. Specimen of red hematite. b. Specimen of pig iron smelted in the blast furnace at Three Rivers. ' .iTd'f iTf i-r"^ f^'^ WallHdge's Bematite Mine Mi concemingtle extent of which httle is known. The ore is a finely granular hematite, of » steel-g«y colour on fresh fracture, bnt weathering red. About eight tons wen, extracted, and sent to the furnace at Three Rivers as a sample lof for smelting. The iron produced was found to be of superior quality.-Z<,«r*r,<,an. .. Dalhou8ie, 0., east half of lot 1, range 4 Alexander Cowan, BrockvilU. a. Specimen of red hematite. *. Plan ofmine by Mr. Gerald O.Brown. ' J^ "»f^*» '*°»tj^«l'««'«e8 from the town of Perth, and is commonly known ^ the Dalhou,^ or Cowan Hins. It has been worked for several years by Ale^ ider Cowan, Esq., of Brockville, under the management of Mr Ge«ld aUw^. '^Mj^l^M timeleawd. to^nd worked by Messrs. Spearman i Hann* of Qi^ 14 DESCaiPflVE CATALOGlt^. land, Ohio. The Ore is a beautiful red hematite, and occurg in a tremolitic dolomite. The bed averages ser^D feet ia thickness, striking N. 60^ E. (mag!) and dipping to the south-east ai an angle of 60^. When the mine was opened up in 1866 there appeared to be two beds cropping out in places at the surface, with four or five feet of dolomite between them. The uppermost and smaller of these was found to run out at a few feet in depth, and to extend but a short distance in the direction of the strike. ' The larger deposit was in places as much as nine feet thick at the surface, and at a depth of eighty feet had an average thickness of four or five feet. From 3,000 to 4,000 tons of ore w«re for several years annually raised and shipped to Cleveland, the cost of car- riage, as a rale, not exceeding $4.60 per ton. Owing, it is said, to the dullness of t^ market, no mining has' been carried on since 1873. The ore is very free from deleterious constituents, and contains an average of over 60 per cent, of iron. The geological position of this deposit appears to be above that of the magnetites of Ontario. — Laurentian. . ' '•. i, ' 7. McNab, ., lot 6, conces.-sion C & D Geological Sttrvey. a. Specimen of red hem^ite. This deposit occurs near ^lie Fall of the DocLart, and about a mile from the shore of the Lac des Chats. ^The thickness at the surface was about thirty feet, but at a depfti of eighty feet, the ore is said to have thinned out. It is possible however, that if further mining operations were carried on, the bed on some por- tions of its course would b^found to extend to greater depths. The ore is of excel- lent quality as will be s^n from the following analysis : ^ * Peroxide of iron 84.42 Metallic iron 59.09 Carbontfte of lime 5.40 ; Carbonate of magnesia 1.05 ' Phosphorus 0.03 Sulphur... 0.065 Insoluble matter 7.16 98.125 Laurentian. \ 8. The Haycock Iron Location, Templeton \ The Ottawa Iron and Steel and Hull, Q ( Manufacturing Co. a. Specimens of specular iron ore. b. Specimens of Magnetite. c. Billet of wrought iron. d Eight billeU of steel. 1 e. Box of ore prepared for the furnace . The ore of the Haycock location occurs in highly feldspathic gneissej belonging to the Laurentian system, and forms a series of parallel beds striking | north-east and south-west and dipping to the north-west at an angle of abo^t 50^ .J The beds range from a few inches up to several feet in thickness at the Surface, find one ot th«m, which was less than two feet at the surface, at a depth of fourteen feet is eaid to have widened to over twelve feet. The ore is essentially a heittatite, but contains a small proportion of magnetic oxide, some specimens being readily attracted by the magnet. It is very free from impurities, and contains on an average about sixty-four per cent, of iron. TheTollowing complete analyses are r^-' MINERALS OF CANADA. 15 reological Survey. !5 Laurtntian. «itractep«r Silurian. •' ^'^ 11. Pictou County, N.S., Lease No. 29 1 (urea 100) / "^^ P- Orawford & Co., Montreal. a. Spcdmeu of specular iron ore. These specimens are from an important deposit of ore occnrriog on the west Bide pf the East RiTer, in slates and qoartzites of Upper Silurian age. The lode, so far M examined by Mr. Edward Gilpin, F.G.8., the engineer in charge, ranges 1^ thickness from ten to twenty feet, with occasional side veins. From k single pit which was sunk to a depth of thirty feet on the lode, about fifty tons of ore were pbtained. A specimen examined by Dr. T. fi. Thorpe of the Andersonian UniTer- sity, Glasgow, contained, * Peroxide of iron 96 63) Protoxide of iron ,.. 0^89 1 *'*'*'"'*^ "°^ ^^^^ Sulphide of iron o.06 Phosphorus > none i Silicaand insoluble matter .■ ,. 3.20 ) 100.78 The pmximity of the Pictou coal field adds greatly to the value of this and other deposits of ore ip the vicinity of the East R\yer.— Upper Silurian. 12. Pictou Coantv, N.S., -j. • RigLt-toMvo'rk No. 8, (Webster's.) H'-^- ^^^^J^ordd- Co., Montreal. , a. Specimens of red hematite. ' From what is known as the "Great Red Hematite Bed of McLellan's Mountain," an interstruUfied bed of ore occurring in slates and quartzites. The following airalysis of a specimen of the ore is by Dr. Stevenson MacAdam of Edinburgh : Oxide of iron 75671 0.tide of manganese ^'gj j Metallic iron 54.36 Alumina o^'45 * Carbonate of lime 2.44 ^ Carbonate of magnesia 0.98 JWPhosphoric acid -. .*... o.22 "■ ^ Sulphur ^ 0.29 ^ Titanic acid ". trace Silica i9_43 100.00 The ore has been traced completely across Right-to-work No. 8, and fotind ta. vary in width from fifteen to thirty feet, the angle of dip ranging from 25<» to 76". The specimens are from about the centre of the area, where a section showed fift^n feet four inches of ore of uniform quality.— ioiwr fielderberg Jbrmation, Upper Silurian. I .' •-' 1 ' ■ T l '. t . !• -,. t \' * ., ■1 ■■MM ■ ^^^H llkJ-^.>, i-i ■^^^^ v»< ii_ ..s:. .. rS. v,^ -,., ^ , ^i-L-'-i .►* I ' . 1 > .. a> r^tJiiS^ii. wt* .At L ^. rdfiTE. (Including Bog Iron Ofe). , 1. North ]?l„;«ley.O George Oliver, Path. o. Specimen of bog iron ore. »,.i4 ■f! J8 UESCKIFriVE fli^jrALOGUE. '% 2. St, Maurice Forg/BH *. / MucDonyutl io<=2200 cub. in.) weighing 11 to 12 lbs. to the bushel. The pig iron is shipped to Montreal and there manufactured into car wheels, for which long experience has shown it to'be well adapted; • Small quantities of wrought iron are also made in a hearth-finery. The manufacture of axes has recently been discontinued. At L'Islet, about four miles from the St. Maurice, there is another blast furnace, also- owned by the Messrs. MacDougall. — Alluviun. A 3. Riviere aiix Vachen, Q -^^jHSfiMftfJIIf" '' (^"y Moniredi. a. Specimens itf bog iron ore. 6. Six samples of cold blast charcoiil pTg c. " " chilled iron. d. Pair of car wheels, made at McDougall's works in Montreal. Bog ores similar to those occurring near the St. Maurice Forges are found in the ▼icinfly of the St. Francis River south of the St Lawrence. In ^869 a blast-fiimace wag erected for smelting them, at Riviere aux Vaches, by the St. Francis 'Rivec Mijjiyt J5q)Bipaiiy,'^nd in the ensuing four years between five and six tjiousand toSjpw pig iron were^ made, about half of which was white and mottled. The ore yielded on an average about thirty-six per cent, of iron. ln"1873 the ftimace was sold to John HcDongall k Cp., of Montreal, who make use of the itotx produced in the manufacture of car wheels. — Alluviort. -■(^ !:! ;li •— t t l- / mjt, Three Rivers. 4. V.u,ire„il. Coun.y of V.udr.uil. Q g.oIo^ .^rcey. a. Specimen of bog iron or«. J^ LJi™i«t""'"^ "^ ^r,^"""' " '^* <^ounu^nc* of the rlv,., Qtuwa and Hi ^ w ^^. B.i«tttf: t;- ::cr;n';.''e''z :; r "^?"^." r"^-*^- -"^ portion of o„de of mangane... An an.ly.i. of thi. vari.ty gaie « folZ-^ l*eroilde of iron 40.96) t)ilde of manganese ^d 34 j *'***"'c won 28.6^ i""'-; " •—■;: M8 Magnewa.^ j^.^^^^ PhospJioriQ acid..../. ., q ^^j ''*»'P'"'ric '..'''~''. t«ceg ; ^ 'nsoluble.matter and solnble silica. .12..08 ^ Water and organic matter 1797 f - • . 99.43 the spe'fiifnen ^xiiibited is from COte St Ohari.. «,i,. .1. - : tain, over fift, percent, of iron, anf b':t'Htrerrga:rrr;.:r""''"^, -- I- Geological Su'rcey. 5. St. Valier, Coimty of Bellecha^ee, Q a. Specimen -of bog iron ore. ThVitcSes aLt.m 1 r. "' ^''* '^'''*"' da Sud, county of Bellechasse. incherthVck "^.l""",""' »<'.♦*" "«'*'' in Buperflcies, and from twelve ,0 twenty wotL^^/. Jon "" """"" "^"^ «''^ P«' *=«"^- "^ '-' ''''<» !>- -.er been il d- Co., Montreal. 6. Pari.!, of Maryland, York County.N.B <;eo/o<.c«/ ,St«.e,. a. Specimen of bog iron ore. r.ZZ'^eltlZ":- r:' f'^ "^^ '"• "**'*'' •" "»' o' unfreqaent'occur- "nZZ ZZ ^.'"""T'^' '^' '"«"«» M well a« th. purest beds befng found in ^ nu'es Th vl ™"'' "' """ '"^ "'*"'^' '"^ Q"«*^' Suubury Ld York 7l^T. Zi? T *°°"' *^'' '"'°'"' »«> "'*' consfderabl. areas, and to ?otdt:t:tiUn^;;7,\^7':,t;;„P-^^'> »' Burton, in Sunbury county.-.wa, •mall onanfii^ h.. L , °°- ^og Ores also occur in Nova Scotia, and .mall qaanfliM have b«,n smelted at Clement«port in Annapoli, county.-^/„. 7. Brookfield, N.S.... mi ^ • • • • The Commissioner of Mines, N.S. a. Specimen of limonite. %> 4- ^^. ,.^* 7 '■■• mm * . -P-f- \ ,r \M '% ^^ y . : ' \ DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. :■ 8. Londouderry, ^ .8 The Steel Company of Canada (limiied). • a. Specimens of compact and ochrej- limonite. b. Ankerite, used as a flux in the blast furnace. c. Charcoal pig iron made from Londonderry ores. d: Chilled rolls. e. Chilled car wheel. y. Section of car wheel showing grain of metal and chill. g. Cast iron cbain, swivel and chain. ' h. Cast iron chain- of an inch in diameter, broken with a weight of 9)012 pounds. «. Specimens of light castings. ', ". j. Rings (17" diameter) cut from cast iron cylinders, one of them twisted to show the iron under tortion, and one straightened to show the flexibility of the iron. k. Section of cast iron bar (1" square) broken by a weight of 1,115 pounds when suspended from centres three feet ap«rt. /. Tilted tool and spring steel, made by Siemens Martin process. m. Section of steel axle showing grain of metal. A most important vein of 'iron ore occurs in the Middle or Upper Silurian slates and quartzites of Londonderry, on the southern slope of the Cobequid Hills. It has an [approximately east and west course, and has been traced for a distance of > , more than twelve miles. The largest proportion of the ore, so far as known, con- sists of limonite, which is generally earthy, but sometimes occurs in lustrous sta- lactitic and mammillary forms. It has evidently been derived from the alteration of spathic ore and ankerite, both of which are in many places found in an unaltered condition. Ochreous^red hematite, specular iron ore, and small quantities of magnetite also constitute portions of the vein. TJhe following analyses (Report of the Geological Survey, 1873-74, pp. 231, 23S) i*HMerve to illustrate the compo- sition of the limonite : ^ ,. ■-. ■ Oehretf. Compact. Limonite. Limonite. ; Peroxide of iron 79.68 84.73 Protoxide of iron traced Protoxide of manganese 1 2.51 0.23 Alumina 0.63 0.23 Lime 0.67 0.14 Magnesia 0.34 0.14 Silica , 3.05 ....... Phosphoric acid 0.44 0.19 Sulphuric acid , 0.01 O.Ot "" Water I ''y*^°**°P''^ ^'^^ " ^"^^ Icogibined 11.65 11.07 ^soluble residue 2.G7 ^^, . 09.66 99.74 lletaUic iron 65.78 60.31 ni a..^ I -is VSui. ^ « .i3t,l^ Al. '' tiLa^jH. ItL JLk-Lit^ ^ f Canada {limited). with a weight of !J,012 MINERALS OF CANADA. 21 Miuing has been carried on since 1849, and a charcoal blast furnace was erected „f h!f ' l^^^' "i "'"'" '"*"^''''' "**" '° '''»" «^« ^•°«. ^"th a production of between 30,000 and 40,000 tons of pig iron from about 70,000 tons of ore (chiefly hmomte). In 1873 the mines, blast furnace, forge, casting house, steel works Ao thTr7'? '"^Vr^"'"""' '"^^"•^ "'"• ""'' '^'^--'' f°-«' wer^soldS he Acadta Charcoal Iron Company to the SUtl Company of Canada, and since thea two biemen's routory furnaces for the production of steel direct from theo«ha e been erected Two new blast furnaces in which the ores will be smel Jwith ol.e are also ,n process of construction. When completed they are ^0 b, meet r^^^ werr.r, T-" t' "' '°"^*"'' "-"^ ' '■'*' "' '''' "*""'• I" 1"5. "bout 300 mVn were employed in the mines,,^ branch railroad, three and a half ^iles in lenT Z7:lt ZleL'l'o'J^r ^"';r' "'*""^''- ^'^-'"'^ "^ 'ii-t "IS lion with the coal-fieldB of P>ctoa and Springhill. Mr. Benjamin McKay is the nre- sent manager at Londonderry.-,lf„/i/, or Upper Silnrian. ^ tceight of 1,115 pounds 9. Piotou County, N.S., Lease No. 2G, ) (Prap^r-Sttddler areii) \ -^^ -Q- Crauford ,{• Co., Moi>thal. «. Specimen of fibrous limonite Rr^pved to vary in thickness from si^ to about twenty-two feet. M Edwin Gil pm the engineer lo^charge, states that the specimen exhibited is from a ph thim five feet deep which proved the deposit to be eight feet thick atrnoint n.lr .1' centre o the property. The following analysis ffiept. of the O o, « rve^ 8 3 74, p. 233) shows the ore to be of eicellent quality : ^' Peroxide of iron g.^j Protoxide of manganese „„„[ Metallic iron 59,30 Alumina: „' , .„ 0.69 Lime „ . 0.49 ■^'"Knes'a 19 Phosphoric acid ^^'^^^ Sulphuric acid „„ .. • 00.0;> Water! ''J«^°^'^°P''= 0.30 I combined ,,, ., Insoluble residue " ,'' Organic matter ,"■ )• traces \ 100.085 Limestone suitable for a flux occurs in the immediate vicinitv ofth.orP .n^ 10. Pictou County, N.8., CuUen Area, i (No. 105 of fhe Government Plan.) / ''" ^ ^nvfird & Co., Montreal. a. Specimen of compact limonite. ^»^,.......^t.,,cro»nStfiS >- /'.■■ m 22 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. / »■ . _ veiQs.are for the most part very thin, but according to Mr. Gilpin, there h one with a thickness of three feet. Judging from the numerous masses of ore scattered over the uurface for a considerable dissance from tl^a stream, there is some reason to suppose that the deposit will prove- of economic value. "The ore is most favorably situated, having near it abundance of wood, water, and limestone, while the Intercolonial Railway passes within a few yards of the area." The fol|pwingia an analysis of a compact specimen of a dark brown coloui; and - specific giivity 3.955. (Sjee Report of the Geological Survey for 1873-74, p. 234.) Peroxide of iron 76,930 1 „ ^ ■.■ • „ ,,„ Protoxide of iron ^-^ | **<'**""= '^''° ^^'^^^ Protoxide of manganese 0.068 Alumina 1.019 Lime 0.313 Magnesia .' 0.052 ' ■ Silica fi.836 *. Phosphoric acid _. 0.989 Sulphuric acid 0.U4 ^^,^f hygroscopic ' 0.175 ^V^.,^ • t I combines 9.287 ' ""• \ Organic matter 0.180 1 99.935 According to an analysis by Dr. T. E. Thorpe, of Glasgow, the ore is free from phosphorus. — Upper Silurian. « Spathic Iron Ore. 1. Sutherland's River, Pictou County, N. S /. D. Crawford & Co . Montreal a. A specimen of spathic or sparry iron ore. From an irregular bed occurring in sandstones of the Millstone-grit formation. The ore is crystalline, and, where unacted upon by the weather, of a light grey colour. A specimen, evidently somewhat weathered, contained as follows (Re- port of the Geological Surrey, 1866-69, p. ^2) \ Sesquioxide of iron l^.gs ( „ . n- • ., ro ri»-v,„„..» „» • „,„, V Metallic iron 43.56 __ Carbonate of iron 65.61 J " " manganete 7.98 " "lime 2.67 " "magnesia 3.23 Silica 3.76 Sulphur 0.00 Phosphorus 0.013 Hygroscopic water 0.76 Organic matter t traces 101.003 The bed has been traced for several hundred yards, and whera exposed in the bank of a brook hag a thickness of about ten feet. According to Dr. Dawson its mode of occurrence is noj unlike that of the non-fossiliferoui sub-crystalline limestones found in some parts of the Lower Carboniferous series associated with gjfiKm.—MiUttotu-grUJoTma tion , Lowtr Carbon i ftrout. i MINERALS OF CANADA. Clay Iron-stone. \ ; -"7 1. North Saskatchewan River, N. W. T a. Specimeasof clay iron-3tone. 23 ■ Geological Survey. o^vZif t T 7 Edmonton, and occurring in connection wUh a bed of hgmte Similar ores are found at many places along the Saskatchewan from Rocky Mountam House to Victoria, and at the latter locality both Sw and .ron-s tones occur .n beds of considerable thickness. Further to the south east.io iron-sto.es are widely distributed, generally in connection with the Ter^ S n.tes, m beds which are mostly thin, and ''^»-ty-'« f<«t on-two conUgu^us coppst _he«m»J«ds,wh«b tog«to^k«ea ti«ckne« of about three feet, and contaSw !rv4. I** jiV? '-.->-* •« .'. 24 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. average of about two and one-balf per cent, of native copper. The uppennost of tbe beds is a reddish-grey sandstone, with fine particles and tilaments of copper, and has a thiclinegs of from one to two feet, while tbe lowermost is a binish-grey amygdaloid from eight to eighteen inches thick, withxoaraer grains of copper, but lunonnting to about the same percentage as in the sandstone. The appearance of a section of the upper-bed is shown in the woodcut below. These layers are under- laid by a soft argillaceous ash-bed, six feet or more in thickness and containing from one half to one per ^ent.'of copper, below which is a massive greenstone. The copper-bearing beds are overlaid by massive compact greenstone, succeeded by amygdaloid and conglomerate. These strata dip south-eastward at an angle of 30", or at the rate of three feet in a fathom. The location was leased and worked by Mr. Hugh R. Fletcher cif Toronto, to whom we are indebted for the above facts. In 1860 he took fortj^'five tons of tbe ore to tbe Bruce Mines and there smelted one half of it without dressing, obtaining about three per cent, of fine copper. The . balance was band-dressed, and yielded on smelting 7J per cent. Work has been resumed at this locality during the past winter. — Copper-bearing Seriet. Drawing showing the mode of occurrence of Sative Cojiper at Michipieoten Itland, • Lake Superior. V^•-::*^i>i:V^:,.^.'.V^? ^^^^^^^J^^iy^l^^S^^ii^-i^Sii^i^^. .•' 'i^-J '•:;[ '_ - ~ ^ - - ~^'^*"'^ \ ipper. The uppennost ind tilaments of copper, rermost ia a binisb-grej er grains of copper, but i. The appearance of a These layers are under- cknegg and containinK issive greenstone. The eenstone, sacceeded by rard at an angle of 30", ased and worked hj Mr. or the above facts. In and there smelted one it. of fine copper. The per cent. Work has jper-bearinff Seriei. t Michipicoten Island^ MINERALS OF CANADA. \ _ _ ■ • . Michipicoten Copper Mining Company's ■> ^ Location, ^ake Superior j \ \ a. Three specimens of native copper. 25 W. W. Stuart, Montreal. These^specimens are from the northern part of a location which runs across the centre of Michipicoten Island. The metal occurs as nuggets in numerous calc-spar veins int'i^rstcling an "ash-bed" of considerable thickness.— Co/>/-er-6eari>ii7 Series. \ Sulphides of Copp6j\ \ 1. Entrance of Howe, Sound, B.C a. Specimens of Vopper pyrites. Geological Survey. The deposit is associated with greenish slates and is said to be extensive. The locality is not far from the sea-coast, and is at an elevation of about 3,000 feet. It was «liscovered in 1865) and some preliminary explorations have shown-it to be of a promising character, b\jt to require capital for its proper development. 'r-~---'-'-:*--'--">'i,V..'-vi? 2. McKellar's Copper Mine, near Little Pic, Lake Superior ^ McKtllhr Bro.'„ Fort William, L.S. a. Sample of ore weighing 57 lbs. ^, 6. About 60 lbs of prills. These specimens are from a vein or bed six to eighteen inches in thickness, and running N. 30° E. in dark grey talcoid slate. It is situated near the shore of Lake Superior, about a mile and a half N. W. of the mouth.of Little Pic River, and at an elevation of 400 feet above the lake. Assays by Mr. Charles Kreissman show fifteen per cent, of copper, together with 7-708 ozs of silver and 11634 ozs of gold per ton of ore. A brook with a good fall for driving machinery crosses the property. Only two openings have yet been made upon the vein.— //uronian. 3. Location V. L.Black Bay.LakeSuperior. . .C. J.Joknson, Wallaceburgh, 0. a. Two specimens of copper pyrites. The vein from which these specimens are taken is a south-westward continuation of the large vein on the adjoining. Location VI.L, which there carries galena, and is described under the section on lead ores. The copper-bearing belt of' the vein, of which these specimens are said to represent a fair average, is staled to be sixteen to eighteen inches thick.- Ai/djon Series. •xl 26 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 4. West Cana(Ja Mines, Lake Huron Capt. B. PInmmer and 6. G. Frandk. a. Sixteen specimens yellow sulphide prills. b. Four specimens variegfated sulphide prills. c. Ingot of fine copper smelted at the mines. . d. Plans and sections of the mines. These mines are situated on the Bruce, VN'ellington, and Huron Coi)|,er Bay, L6cation8, which adjoin one anotjier, the Bruce being tjie most easterly^ Wora was begun on the last named in 1846, and has since been gradually extended westward, - across the Wellington and on to the Huron Copper Bay, the whole length of the workings comprising nearly four miles. The veins are of white quartz, cutting, with a westerly .bearing, a thick bed of dark green, finely crystalline diorite, associated with what is locally called the Lower Slate Conglomerate of the Huronian series. On the Bruce location several nearly parallel veins of a similar character were opened, the main one having a thickness of about four feet, but on the other two "locations operations have been confined almost entirely to two master veins, known as the Fife Lode and the New Lode. These are about of equal size and vary from four to twenty feet in width, averaging in the parts wrought ten to fifteen feet. Near the surface, especially, on the Bruce Location, a good deal of purple or horseflesh ore < , was found i but, in working ^own, this was soon replaced by the yellow sulphide in all the veinsr On the Bruce liocation a gre»t number of shafu were sunk, bnt all the workings were between the surface and 30 fathoms, while on the other two Ideations they extend a little below 60 fathoms. On the course of the New Lode on these locations, an almost barren floor has been met with nearly ail along bet- ween the 40 and 60 fathonfl^yels, but therein maintains its strength, and it is be- lie|ed thattelow this floor it will prove m rich as it is above it. The vein-matter br<}ught to the surface appears to contain on an average about five per cent.of copper ; bull this is all crushed and very much concentrated for shipment to England. The present company purchased the Wellington Location from the Montreal Mining Company (who had previously worked the Bruce Mines from the time of their discovery in 1846) in 1853, and the Bruce Location in 1864, and they hold a ren jwable lease, obtatned in 1858, of the Huron Copper Bay Location. Reverbe- rat<^ry smelting f'urnaces were erected by the Montreal Company in 1853, but afterwards abandoned. In 1869, '70 and 71 the present owners erected extensive and costly works for reducing the ore by Longmaid's or Henderson's wet process for which cheap salt could be obtained from Goderich, Kincardine tc. ; but, owing to the want of skilled overseers and workmen, the operation could i\pt be carried on satisfactorily, and the company are again exporting all thejr ores. For a time, some of the produce of the mine was sent to Baltimore, but the great bulk of it has gone to England, which is the present market. In the spring of 1875, owing to the neglect of proper precautions, a large part of the. mine which was then producing the most ore caved in, thus greatly reducing the returns for the year. The capital of -the Compviy is i;6o,000 sterling. The head- quarters are in London, England, and the principal owners are Messrs. Richardson 4 Co. of Swansea, and John Taylor * Sons of London. The table on the next page, compiled from authentic sources, shows the results of the working of these mines up to 1875— a period of thirty years. The total amount of the sales of the copper ore and copper to this date has been about $3,300,000, and this has afforded a good average profit. Mr. G. G. Francis of Montreal and Capt. B. Plummer at the Mines are the Canadian agents.— .flMronian. ■iir MINERALS OF CANADA. 27 ler and G. G. Frandit- u(i Huron Coi)|ier Bay, loat easterly^ Wora was illy extended westward, Jbe whole length of the ite quartz, cutting, with lUine diorite, associated of the Huronian series, similar character were it, but on the other two wo master veins, known qual size and vary from t ten to fifteen feet. Near ' purple or horseflesh ore y the yellow sulphide in ' shafts were sunk, bnt while on the other two :our8e of the New Lode th nearly ail along bet- s strength, and it is be- ve it. The vein-matter t five per cent.of copper j }ment to England. The n the Montreal Mining From the time of their 1864, and they hold a ny Location. Reverbe- Oompany in 1853, but 'ners erected extensive enderson's wet process Kincardine &c. ; but, operation could lyt be porting all the^ ores, iltimore, but the great rket. In the spring of rge part of the. mine ly reducing the returns sterling. The bead- are Messrs. Richardson 'ces, shows the results irty years. The total lis date has been about Mr. G. O. Francis of in agents. — Huronian. ^""f't^'t^'n"^ "T,",' "^^''''^" ^"' and Copper sent (prinapaliygo Great Britain) Year. 1847 to 1857 inclusive ... 1868 1859 1860 1861. 1862. 1863., 1864.. 1865., 1866.. 1867.. 1868. 1869.. 1870.. 1871.. Location. Bruce Bruce and WellinKlon... Do. Do ... Do. k Huron Copper Bay Bruce (tons) 472 Wellington 1,175 H.C.Bay 413 Bruce (tons) 380) Wellington 1,'.>77 \ H. C. Bay 1069 J All three combined Do. Very little from Bruce... ■ Do. Do Wellington 4 H. C.Baj D5. :. ^ Do Do. ' Kind. Yellow, variegated and vit- reous aulphiiles Do. Do Do. Do Do. Do Yellow, with a little of the otlieis „ Percent of Copper. 1872., 1873., 1874., 1876.. Do. Do. Do. Do. Mostly copper pyrites.. Nearly all do.... Do Do Do Do Copper pyrites. Do Do Do Pyrites 1,168 Precipitate 13 Ingots 125 Pyrites 1,212 Slag* 32 Precipitate 49 Copper 26 Pyrites ; Do ■'■"' 18.00 2K94 21.35 20..50 19.60 (average! 19.65 (average) 20.00 19.48 21.24 20.00 20.00 20.00 19.50 18.75 19.00 (about) " 18.00 " 80 00 " 100.00 " 18.00 " '.0.00 " 80.00 " 100.00 " 18.00 " 18.00 Tons'of 2^ cwt. Total Qiiapfy. lvalue.... 2,75.') 1,077 1,534 2,051 2,060 2,726 3,163 2,940 2,834 3,540 2,742 2,804 2,180 2,162 1,731 1,306 1,319 993 598 40,515 $3,300,000 6. Pointe aux Mi.ieg, East shore of Lake S,.|,erior Geological Siirvm,. o. Specimens of copper pyrites. The rocks of Pointe aux Mines consist of Laurentian gneiss, overlaid, on the north side, by beds of volcanic tufa interstratilied by a band of greenstone, and d.ppmg northward at an angle of SO-^. The sulphurets of copper occur in veins cutting these latter rocks, and also in bunches between the gre«nstone and the tufa ben^th U. The tuta holds disseminated grains of native copper.-(Zo;,;,.r- 'I 6. Palnierston, O., west half of lot 2, range 9. a. Specimens of copper pyrite?. / W. J. Morris, and \ George Oliver, Perth. The vein occurs in dark green hornblende rocks and mica slates. The gangue T''^l '""* ' u""* '*"""'' ■""* ''"''^^ """' "^PP*^ »°d''r<"» Pyntes. VeiV lifue has been done m the way ot deteimining the extent of the deposit, but it is not sup- jposed to be ^-^V^I'-k!k^ MrNERALS OF CANADA. Geological Survey. 29 10. Harvfy Hill Mine, Leeds.- Q., lot 18, rut.ge 15 Geological Survey. a. Bornite or purple copper ore, in a guqgde of qu»rtz and dolomite, from the Fanny £liza lode. b. Purple copper and copper pyrites, in nacreous Bcbist c. Ingot of copper, obtained in the treat process. luetit of the ore by the Hunt 4 Douglas Afthe Harvey Hill mine the country rocks are chiefly finely micaceous or racreous sch.sts belonging to the Quebec group. Purple copjer ore coppe glance, and copper pyr.tes are all found, both in veins cutting the strata and in beds conformable with the stratification. The veins, whiclf are Sular a d lenucular m shape, have a gangue of quartz and dolomite, with more orTe tcalc spar and chlonte In places they contain titanic iron ore, molvbdeaite and sml 1 quant.„e8 of nafve gold. In the beds the cop,H.r ore is distributed hrough,^ nacreous schist m small patches, generally of a lenticular form and TZJZ crystals and grains Mining Operations have been earned on formany ears a„d I Hunt & Douglass process, but were destroyed by fire At nre^ent tl,» J worked on a small scale by the Harveyhil/coppe^ Compa^ny S arofThic': Mr. F. OljTCr is the secretary.— yufAec (jroup. . ' 11. Ganliby, lot 22. range (north) I • a. Iron and copper pyrite.s. . Geological Snneg. in which the sulphurets are more or less min* ' \ ipe to twelve inches 4. Silver Lake ILocation, Thunder Bay .^/ ' .Geological Survey. ' / a. Specimens of hund-dressed ore. / These specimens ar^ from the vein on the above Ideation, described under galena and ,which also contains blende in promising quantities. (See Lead No 2^ - Mipigon Series. \ , « i^. Geological Survey. 6. Point sux Mines, Lake Superior, : a. Specimens of blende with galena. NoT«.-In addition to the above localities for ^inc blende on Lake Superior it may be ".enUoned that the mineral occurs in greater or less abundance ifalmMt every meuUiftrous vein which was been opened in the rockg of the Nlpigon Series, from Pigeon River to Nipigon Bay. Further east it occurs in promising quantitiea in a vein m older rocks between Otter head and Michiplcoten, and again in veins in the copper-bearingseries at Pointe aux Mines and Mamainse. (See Reportsof the Geological Survey, 1863 to 1873.) • * '-'' / / t \ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "-■.^ ,> 1 1 *- / > 4 4 s ■ / Y ^ i»; ^St^^^c^^ ifeS •l»,.Ms..mij> «'-»i. ' -^^ *■' w- h • ,,,..;...- '..■>>^V' 32 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. LEAD Oalena or Sulphide of Lead. 1. 8now-«hocMoiuitaiii,CariGoo, B.C l\ Fhinlei'ij, Soda Chnek, BC. a. Sp^cimeajofffaleaavritli pyritpj. V < 2. Silver Lake Location, ThumJt'r Bav GeoloiiiinlSurc cey. -1— '•-■«■ li. ■!?.'•, a. About 50 prilU ofjCalfoa. Silver Lake lies at a diatance of about six miles noriliward from tlic bead of Thunder Bay, and at ho elevation of about 500 feet above Lake Superior. A short distance to the west of it there is an enormous brecciated vein, some 250 feet in width, composed of-masses of the country rocks cemented together with quartz and «om^ barytes and calc-spar, and holding small quantities of galena, copper and iron pyrites, and blende. This has been traced for about three miles, fh approaching Silver Lake it contracts rather abruptly, but sends out several branches to the eastward, of which four or five have been followed for considerable distances and are found to be much richer in galena and blende than the great vein. Tlie latter is OD the line of a'dislocation which increases in going west and appears to die out to the eastward, Tlje dpwritlirow is on the north side, and brings the indurated calcareous maris of the Nipigon series on that side down to the level of the iron- ore beds (at the base of the series) on the south side, amounting to 400 feet, or \ipwards, on this location. The specimens are taken from a shaft sunk on a vein on the line of the eastward continuation of the dislocation, at a point from one to two hundred yards south of Silver Lake, and about eighQ- feet. above its level. Here the vein runs N. 80=" E. and may be about six feet wide, but its north wall is not' well defined. The gangue consists of calc-spar with some quartz anrt^ barytes, and holds a good proportion of galena and blende! Mr. John Mclntyre of Fort William is anent for the property.— A'//)i;jfon Striei. 3. Location, " Island No. 2 in Silver Lake" C. H. W. Wearnc'toronto, a. Specimens of galena, weighing about 75 lbs. c . ; ^ The island known by the above description is traversed by one of the branch-veins referred to under the last heading. The vein funs nearly I5. and W., and is described as being about six feet wide, with good walls. Tlie gangue is chiefly calc-ipar, with ^" some quartz, barytes, Ac, carrying a Tair proportion of galena accompanied by blende. Two somplis of dressed ore assayed by Prof. Chapman gave an average of 67-53 per-cent. of lead and 2 oza. 6 dwU. of silver per ton of 2,000 \hs—Niuiaon Sent!. > fv 4. Enterprise Mine, Lake Super- )H. L. Ilime, Toronto, Col. Si^ei/, Silver ior, ,,.,,,..._, j igiet^ and John McIntyreyForl William. a. Mass of solid galena with copper pyrites, gold and silver, weighing ll6 lbs. taken at the surface. ^ , ' b. Mass of galena, with some vein matter, weighing 77, lbs., taken at a depth of sixty feet. c. Two specimens of galena and copper pyrites, polished to show the Btructure of the ore. --- ' —- Xr W Wi iiif il &iM^ »a r V . MINORA M OK CMNADA. !/, Soda OiKfk, BC. Geologiidl Survey . ''33 thicknM,offotir feet of solid or,, li J . """""*'''• ^' ">e surface there «•«« a together with an average of ir dw^ U^r, of Im 1 , '^^ '*"' "^ '='^''''"' to the ton of 2,000 lbs On enterU.. Z .1 . ^^ , ^ ""■ ^ '''''' "^ '"'" p6orer, but at 00 fee from xCZiJ.T, '.'* '*'" ''*'="'"« "•■»•"•>' «"'« and contained b.mc . L Tfore ike l! 1^ ""*'"^ °"' '" '''^''■' ''««' '" «''<"'. 5. Location Vil.L, Black Uav, L. .Sunorior r I r h .1 , 1.. oiiponur. ...L.J. Johnmn, WaUareJmrijh, O. a. Specimen, of fine-grained galena from the foot-wall of a vein. The above location touches the \. W corner of iI.a .«„„.. r r. • is described by the owner rWr r,.l,„ . • '^•"^""ot the township of Dorion. The vein north-eastward aXn^rl-L to t^^ .".' "* *'"'"' '"*'''' '"'' -"'«. ->-ng towar^athefirst;iT^,ald:oocura.ao^^^^ A parallel vein, underlving stated to h.ve .;en t«ced or a e^e ' ^^^ '" the southward, and both are is calcspar with qua^and . Lv s anf ^sIS^^ °^*'"' ''"^*'=" '^'' «"^"*= less cop,,er pyrites^-AV/.^o,, SenT' ' ^' «"''"'' '' '=°"""°' ""o^* °^ Wearne, i'oronto^ G. StClai. Location, Black Ba.v.L. Su,.nor. C./ /./...„, UWW.,,,,,0 o. Specimen of galena, weighing G5 lbs. ing, the vein is twelve to twenty feet wide cl " "'.T?' ^"^""" •''""' '^ ' H-^" and carries promising quanti Jes of l! ' T^ "^ ""''^'P'"'' "J""'^ «"d Sossan, for thirty chain^on tLrrflceTn. T' .' '""' " "'"* ''• °' ^■' '"'' ''««■> traced ing, at aLt four mil: trikC^'^J?''': ^""l' '''^°"™'"« ^^^"'- . durated marl, associated wUhredSh .J' ./''*.*:°""''y-r°<=k is said to be reVin- "'a short distance to the noT^TrdtXTX^ '' ''"'°' """ ^"■^- '^''" 7. Pointe aux Mines, Lake Su,>erior "■ Specimen of galena with zinc blende Geological Survey. taken at a depth of S.lLiiiierick, O., lot 1, rangb 3. . . , / ^''""'' ^ei>i»e, F.G.S , Deputy Surveyor I General i Toronto. a. Specimen of galena, M-eighing about 150 lbs, from a vein ii 34 DESCRIPTIVK CATALOGUE. rv at the depth of ninety-four feet. The vein runs westward through the Ut, 2nd, 3r(} and 4th lots of the first conceseioa of Limerick, and has been traced for about threo miles. The gangue is crystalline calc-spar with some quartz. Another shaft which is being sunk on a parallel vein is down 100 feet, and the two veins are expected to meet at a depth of about 400 feet. The ore taken out is yet upon th» ground, and machinery, buildings, 4c., arebeing prepared for its reduction.— Messrs. John B. Maas A Co. are the owners. — Uatlings Series, 9 Loughborough, 0., south halfgf lot 16, range 9 Genrye Morion, Kingston «^> a. Specimcmlof galena with gangue of calcite. b. Picked ore. ^ c. Pig lead. The country rock at the Frontenac Lead Mine consists of greyish and reddish gneiss interslratified with thick bands of crystalline limes tone, all striking N. N. B. and S. S. W., and dipping to the westward at a Wgh angle. The vein cuts these at right angles, and at the surface has a slight underlie to the north, although at a depth of sixty feet in the main shaft it becomes vertical. The veinstone consists of calc-spar, generally showing a banded structure, and, in addition to galena, con- taining small quantities of blende and iron and copper pyrites. The galena occurs in scattered bunches throughout the whole vein, but appears to be most abundant towards the north wall. Some years ago a crashing mill, washing machinery, and smelting furnace were erected, and between one and two thousand tons of ore mined ; but, after crushing and washing, only five per cent, of galena were obtained, although trials on a small scale are said to have indicated from twelve to fifteen per cent. This, and indeed most of the lead-bearing veins of Ontario, are probably of the same age as those of Rossie in New York State. They are more recent thaiv the Lauren tian, aa they cut the rocks of both the Potsdam and Calciferous form»- tions. In the Laurentian their greatest dimensions and largest content of galena seem to be attained where they traverse crystalline limestones, and in the alterna- ting gneisses and diorites, the galena is often replaced by blende, copper pyrites an* other vaineTalB.— Calciferous formation. SILVER. Native Silver aniT Silver Ores. :'<■ f 1. Omineca, British Columbia... . a. Nuggets of native silver. r. (yUeiUty, and Col. C. C. Lane, Victoria, B- C. Nuggets and grains of native silver have been found in washing for gold in almost all parts of British C!olumbia, the largest being obtained in the Omineca gold district on a branch of the Peace River. A nugget from this district analys- ed by Messrs. Riotte & Leckhardt of San Francisco contained, silver 83.30 per cent.,, mercury 1100, lead 040, copper 020, besides traces of .gold, platinum, and iron. — Alluvion. iti] i'..>.: tlM,'\r:\ re Morion, Kingston MINERALS OF CANADA, g \ ^ortRov.,BnX\,h CoX^mhi^... Messrs. Moody an*. XeUon, Victoria, B.C. a. Two specimens of ore from the Eureka Mine. b. Specimen of ortf from the Victoria Mine. c. Ingot of silver from the Eureka Mine weipbinif hj in $79.36, gold $4.71) $84.07. ' ''"«^''"'^ "'*-^'' °^«-. 'al"e (silver d. Ingot of silver from the Victoria Mine weiirhino- «■> m -^ $40.94, gold $6.42) $47.36. '^^'ghmg 62.10 oz3., value (silver The veins, from the ores of which thd above ingots were cast a™ ., ■^. a ■ the report of the B. C. Minister of Mines as follows ^' TruTl / '."^'^ "" were discovered about 1871 in the Cascade Mounu n RaJrat F?* r "''".:~ eighty miles from the mouth of Fraser River and pix ^T . ^°'"'' "'^"^ The first lead, called the Eureka MiTe 0^00! ? k ' '""*'' "^ ""« *<""»■ level, Is well' defined four to sev!L L Tn^ ,H 1"^°" "'""" ^"'^ "^'^'^ '^' ^ver feet. A tunnel has b^erd^l^ nto ea 1 o'ft^nt """ T""' '''^ argentiferous grey copper and has vMdZ \ / Tha ore is described a» worth of silver to the ton ^ "^' """*" '^'''^' ^«"" ^^^ »« $1,050 diZtt^ dt^ref ThtiUTf r ^o7 ?r ' r'^" ''^°- ^«« '-* the Van Bremer mine. The ore s descrld T.h, !; '/'f '''*'*^'' •""* « <=»»«<* .nder assay, f.m $25 to $2 4^ ot;z'^;Tt:n:;trroC:t^r^''\'' r^::1lr..^"" "^"^'-°^' ^^« « - --"?is^rc;ir^raS: ^ A specimen of the Hope silver ore—" « ™ii„™- i. j assayed by Dr. Harringto^:, gav727i::8 0.^ t^^ heTn or20rK -IT"^'"- tained lead, copper, antimony, iron, arsenic and sulphur ' '' ''"" ''°°- A specimen from the Eureka mine— "a veinatoL nf „ .i.- • quartz,"-assayed by Dr. Hunt Kave^7-08 oTof , ^"^^ "°° ^'^'^ "•"»« also sulphur, antimony and cop;,fr " °' ''''" *" ^''^ ^^^ "^ ^,000 lbs.. 3. Location Al (island in Pi„e Bay,) Lake Superior../. A. Lindsay, Toronto, a. Small specimen from a vein. wiL%ri;td"o7X-Srrtz "''^" ' '""'•^^ « »«""« ^"^^ *<> ««-^-' at the S. W. horn of P nfL; „rP>eon ^^^^^ nor.h-westward across an island Arthurs Landing, is the pr:i>^^^f°::^:t,e!''- '''■ ''°"'^""'' "' ^^"^ Jarvi8 Island, Lake Superior . . / "****" Mclniyre, Russell and Plummer \ Fort WiUiam,Jj.S. a. Specimen of native silver and silver-glance in calo-spar. twlTi^^r t\^??igrnlivTrnhTvr^^^^^^ «^-'-' ^ .oases the island in a -rth-wesL^ co:t;:Xra:rderoTarur5;^^^ the northeastward. It varies from about eight to ten feet in w dth t„H . ^i ^ With barite celestite and calcite. with a Httl! silver g,.t^ nd aS^le sler b'ut hitherto it has not been found sufficiently rich to pay for the workinV Tih ^ I ififW i ■ I. 36 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 5. McKellar'fi Island, Lake Superior McKellar Brothers, Fort William. a. Specimen of wall-rock and veinstone containing silver glance. McKellar'a Island is situated about one mile south of the S. E. side of Pie Island, Thunder Bay. The specimen is taken from a vein forty-five feet in width, consisting of alternating bands of white barytes and coarse calc-spar, with blende, silver glance , and native silver in some of them. The wall-rock is a massive, dark, crystalline diorite. — Nipiyon Series. ' M, C. Pie Island Mine, LakeSuperior.D. McKellar and R. M. Eames, Thunder Bay, a. Five polished specimens showing native silver in quartz. 6. Fourteen specimens of brecciated veinitone. This mine is on the S. W. point of Pie Island. According to Prof. Eames, the vein runs N. 30' W. (Ast.), and is three feet two inches thick at the surface and four feet 'One inch at a depth of sixty feet. It is filled with angular fragments of the wall- ' rock (which consists of a dark hard clay slate) cemented together with crystal- line quartz, blende and galena, with bunches of native silver in grains and strings. Work was begun in 1875. Mr. S. J. Dawson, M.P.P., is the principal owner. — iVi^- ^on Series. Singleton Mine, Prince Arthur'8 Landing, \ Lak€ Superior ^ ••-■ a. Specimen of quartz with silver. ...S. J. Dawson, M.f^P. This name was given to a small opening on a vein of granular white quartz about one foot thick and containing some rich bunches of native silver.— Af^i^on Seriet. S. Duncan (formerly Shuniah) Mine, Thunder Bay Judge Van Norman. a. Specimen of native silver in calc-spar. This mine is situated on lot eight, township of Mclntyre, about four miles 'north of the town of Prince Arthur. The vein is about thirty feet wide at the sur- face, and is believed to have been traced south-eastward, as far as the Parassenz « Rapids on the Kaministiquia River, a distance of serenteen miles. At the Duncan je f^Uphen, Montreal. „iiiaii. Th,s m.ne ,s situated on lot 3 A, township of McGregor, at a distance of about a mde northward from the shore of Thunder Bay, and 250 feet above its level The ve.n 18 from one to two feet wide and runs about S. 75^ W., with the cleavage of the country.rock which consists of grey dolomitic schist associated with dark- green compact dior.te, while fine-grained dark greyish-red felsitic syenite occurs a short distance to the ^uth. The veinstone is principally white quartz. The Zl\Z2TXr'7\"'t "'""'f r i"^' ^^""^ ""<' ""S^"'^ b"-he, alone and «.th sulphide of nickel, fceveral shafts have been sunk on the vein-one of them to a depth of about ICO feet-but operations are at present 8uspended.-y/„r.„,ar, tdge Van Norman. in,^bot a richer streak 11. Silver I.^t, LaKe Superior Major A. H. ISibl.,,, Ntw York. a. Large rough specimen representing the ordinary character of the ore b. Large polished specimen of the same. ^ c. Specimen of nuggety and filiform native silver. (/, Do. combined with calcspar and quartz. f. Filiform native silver associated with silver-glance. / Crystalline silver-glancfe associated with calc-spar and galena. (J. S'lrface ore, stained with nickel and cobalt. > A. Specimen of " Macfarlanite." ,. Bar of silver, 999 fine, valued at J87, smelted from the ore of Silver Islet The jMhibitor gives the intrinsic value of the above specimens at f 1 450 surer j"''*. jipn^'ly » "«*« rock, whose greatest diameter was seventy-five feet and greatestbeight abore Lake Saperior about eight feet, lie. .» a dist^^ half a mile from the north shore of the lake, and .1, miles east of Thunder Ca™ It consists of part of a dyke of crysulline diorite, which has been traced weft: south-wctward through «,veral island, toMcKellar", Point, and thenc^inland for .^t««^.^^«.....«,«? I . 38 p. f"; ;' DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE.' » coloured slates of theNipigon series, which on the mainland opposite the islet are overlaid by thinly bedded agillaceous swdstones. The vein qrosses the dyke nearly at nght angles, ita course being N. 32' W. ( Ast.) (32^), with a slight underlie to the north-eastward. Its average width in the mine is four or five feet, the extreme variations being six inches and twelve or fifteen feet. It has an appearance of great persistence, and has been pierced by a diamond drill to a depth of 1,000 feet The veinstone consists of white calc-spar, bitter-spar and quartz, with occasional masses of the wall rocks (slate and diorite). The silver occurs both native and as silver-glance ; the former running in small arborescent fonns into the latter The other associated minerals are plumbago, zinc-blende, iron-pyrites, copper- nickel and small quantities of cobalt and antimony ores. A continuation of the vein is found on the mainland, where it contains a little argentiferous galena The vein was discovered in 1868 by Mr. John Morgan, an assistant to Mr. Thomas Macfarlane, who was then engaged in making a survey of the location (Woo&'s) of which this islet forms a part, for the Montreal Mining Company, -who were. 1 hen the owners of the property. This company worked the mine on a very small ,^cale in 1869 and '70, and in the autumn of the latter year sold it, together with M their mineral lands around Lake Superiol-,' amounting to 107,000 acres, to JIajor Sibley, of New York, and his associates, for the sum of $125,000. ■ Since that time the mine has been steadily worked by the American owners, under the management of Captain W. B. Frue, and according to the most trustwoithy infor- mation obtained, has produced up to the present time (spring, 1876), about $2,500,000 worth of silver at a cost of $1,500,000. The islet is now very much enlarged by the lines of crib-work which have been successively built around it and filled up with stone from the mainland and refuse rock from the mine. The workings have extended to a depth of 650 feet below the surface of Lake Superior, and laterally about 300 feet to the south-eastward and 100 to the north-westward. In a general way the mine has'-become poorer in depth. The richer ore is merely spalled, barrelled and sent to Wyandotte (near Detroit) where it u smelted for $80 a ton, the freight and charges amounting to about $15 more per ton. In the month of September, 1875, a fifty stomp crushing mill, built on the mainland opposite the mine, commenced operations, and has been running regularly since that time. The meUlIilerous portion of the crushed ore is separated by Frue's patent vanning machines; of which there are twenty-four in the mill, and the value of the concentrated ore thus produced is said to average $36,000 a month. When the mill commenced running, about 25,000 tons of ore were on hand, which had been proved t>y experiment to contain about $40 worth of silver to the ton, and many thousands of tons of low grade ore remained unstoped in the mine. The mine and mill give employment to about 150 men.— JVipigon Series. \ , ' 12. kittle Pic Silver Lcie, Lake Superior, l^^*- ^'"'''' "'"^ McKdlar Bros., ' / Thunder Bay. "■ i^i?.h'**" '"'f® ^""^ **^*" ^"*" P'*"* of "brown ore" weighing about XOU IDS* The exact locality is three miles west of the mouth of Little Pic River, and one mile north of the shore of Lake Superior. The rein has 4n average thickness of three feet and is very persistent, having been traced a distance of five miles. At the above locality its course is N. 67^° W., Ast. The veinstone is principally white and reddish bitter spar and " brown ore " with galena and blende, while the country rock is a greenish-grey siliceous slate. The silver occurs chiefly in the " browji ore," three assays of which yielded Mr. C. Krelssman an average of $25.95 to the ton. This vein was discovered in 1874, and is now being worked.— i^uronian. ial;'i \ MIXERALS OF CANADA. 39 13. Location C. 4.5, near Little Pic, LakeSup,erior...^lm6ro«e CyretU, Fort Will wn. a. Specimen weighing about 40 lb3., from the hanging-wall of the vein. b. Specimen weighing 50 Iba., from the foot-wall of the rein. These specimens are taken from an opening i^ the same vein as the fast, but about one mile.nearer the Little Pic River. The g^gue is here principally yellow bitter spar and white calcite, with a con iiderable proportion of zi nc blende and galena Numerous openings have been made on this vein over a line of two miles.— JluTonian. GOLD irf McKtllar Bros., ore" weighing about Native Gold. \/ % 1 . Province of Britisli Columbia '. Geological Survey . a. Specimens of gold from about twenty different localities. b. Gilded pyramid surmounted by an octahedron, the pyramid representing the ^ptal production of gold in the last eighteen years, and the octahedron the average annual production. Notwithstanding that "fine gold has been found in almost all parts of British •Columbia, where it has been sought for.in the river and creek sands, from the 49th paralleljnorthwards, there are at present only three recognized Jtold fields, viz., ■Cariboo, Ommeca and Cassiar. o e > « ■ Cariboo is situated immediately east of the Eraser River, in an elevated region (averaging 4,000 feet above sea level, between the 52nd and 53rd degrees of latitude. Omineca lies between the 55th and 56th degrees of latitude, on one of the main sources of Peace River, and Cassiar lies still further north, ne'ar the bead waters of tlje Stickeen River. , Of the wide tracU Of country which separate these limited auriferous areas very little is at present known ; but it seems probable that they are for the most part occupied by formations which are newer than the gold-bearing schists and slates. The age of the latter is, however, still ■quite uncertain, and as they have as yet been examined geologically only at Cariboo, and there very cursorily, it would be premature to hazard any opinion lp«ff 1 1^ ■ J- 40 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. > quartz lode on^Lowhee Creek, fontaining gol.l and galena in considerable qn'antity Galena is also Aiid to accompany all the " wash-dirt " in the Cariboo district ,Tho sinking gradually becomes deeper as the creeks are followed downwards, and the quantity of water, which is very gre^, also increases. The Van Winkle claim may . be taken oa an example of one of the mines. Here the worktags are "only 72 feet deep. Three lli-inch pumps, worked by an eighteen feet overshot wheel, raise the water into an adit forty feet below the surface, and are kept working day and night. The adit is 3,000 feet long, and was nearly three years under construction. The yield of this claim in May, 1875, averaged 160 ounces per week, ^ $17.00= •iS2720.00. The timbering required is very heavy : props from one to two feet in diameter stand in pairs at from six tolen inches apart, with heavy cross-pieces a nd close over head longitudinal timbering in five- feet lefigths. The shaft is 300 feet from the creek.on the opposite side of which the bed rock ij at the surface and form* steep cliffs. Very few of the' claims have siifficiently-pawcrful machinery to work them beyond a limited depth. In the collection there are samples of g(,ld from si.xteen creeks in the Cariboo , district, and the differences in the chftracter of these samples are very remark- able. The creeks represented are : '■ " Williams Cre«k. Mosquito Creek. Conklin Gulch. Davis Creek. Sto^s Gulch. , Grouse Creek. '" Lightning Creek. Antler Creek. Jack of Clubs Creek. Harvey Creek. Lowhee Creek. Cunningham Creek. Keithley Creek. California Creek. Bear ftiver. ^ .^ Valley Mountain. ...../. There are also two samples from Omineca, and a small nugget, value $48 00 from Cassiar, sent by the British Columbia Advisory Board. The value of British Columbia gold varies from $16 to $18 per ounce. _ J^rom carefully compiled statistics by the Deputy Minister of Mines we find :— The average number of miners employed vearly from 1858 tb 1875 to harebeen .• ; 3530 Average earnings per man per year j 658 -Total estimated and actual yield of gold 1858-75 inclusive $38,166,970 The following table, compiled by the same person, shows the yield of gold for the whole province, since iu existence was first made known to the world in 1858, up to the present time. Two-thirds of the amounts here given were actually known to have been exported by the banks, 4c., while one-third is.addcd in each year as the amount.estimated to have been carried away in private hands : il858, 6 months f 520,353 \j 'III'- jl859 bco... I186I.., 1862) 1863 1 1864... 1865 3,491,205. •866 2,662,106 18C7 2,480,868 1,615,072 2,228,543 2,666,118 4,246,266 3,735,850 1868 2,372,972 1869 1,774,978 1870 1,336,956 1871 1,799,440 187| 1,610,972 X8W. 1,305,749 1874 1,844,618 1875 2,474,904 18 years $ .38,166,970 ; MINERALS OF CANADA. 41 2. Mosquito Creek, B.C.. ^'^ u. Nugget of gold. . . . . Oppeiihiijner Hio.i.. Victoria, B.C. *•■■ . . . Gc'iloi/icdl Sid-cei/. , Fort Edmonton, Sa.skatcliewau River, N.W.T. (I. Specimen of ^lavjal gold. Gold may be obtai^by washing the sands or gravels of the Saskatchewan at many points from Ro6ky Mountain House eastward to the Forks It applrs to be most abundant in the neighbourhood of Edmonton, and min rs her^ ITZ to make about $5.00 a day. Above Rocky Mountain House it hi no^be^n fo md S?e R "n ' r'^'. '" '' "^P"'^""*^ "'"'"^- Y^ origin therefore fa 1; be the Rocky Mountams,but is in all probability the drift which is spread over tho aTwlrd tT U ^ r"" '"' '"'"'' '""^ '"« "y^*-^"'- -ks' to th en ort^! eastward. The gold .a always in a finely divided state, showing that it has been transported from a distance.-..iW„no«. ^ f -Mines we find : — 58 to 1875 4 3 J20 $ 658 , S38 1B6 970 the yield of gold for to the world in 1858, iven were actually - - ird is.added in each ivat« hands : 2,372,972 1,774,978 5. ... . 1,336,956 1,799,440 1,610,972 1,305,749 1,844,618 2,474,904 .$.38,166,970 4.- Location H., near Jackfi.si Lake ( W. IV. Russell, D. McKellaii, '"■ , \ and A". Kingsmill. a. Nine specimens of quartz witji gold. JnllTtZs^'l^""? from an auriferous quartz vein on which a shaft has been sunk by the bhebandowan Mining Company on the above location, lying fif een m.les west o Shebandowan Lake. At tfiis shaft the vein has a width'ofTve feet of johd quartz, which, however, divides into three branches to the north- eastward. The vein carries considerable quantities of copper and iron pyrites, galena and sdver glance, and is rich in visible gold. Numerous assays of the on; which vet'Ll'°tp'^t .'' T ^''^ "'!" P'-''P<'"''>"« of both gold and silver, but it has not yet been tested on a large scale. In the neighborhood of the shaft, this vein ia enclosed m soft talcoid slate, which is flanked on either side by ch oriti^ site si es If,'" r T"'*' """ '"""•=• "^""-0-. siliceouf and porphyrS ?2 aJ^ S" ".'''' ^'^r" *''°"'^'P'"-Pbyy> slate-conglomerate and granite. There are hkewise bands of magnetite and quartzite On location H the beTn "ced'forTl 'T'f '"' " ''''' "'" '^ »PP«-°* -°«°-^o» h- luJZZ •"^''* «'«'"' °"''" ^"''^"' ^"y'^Kg^atly, however, in richness. Its general course >a about N. 60= B. (ast.), while the slates, which dip northward T^?i^ V '^ *""* ''*"''' '" •=''"»«'«' '» crossing the different bands P M Ke a;t„T w7'^'r^'T '^"^'"^'""^ kind/fumlshed by Zsrs Fr, P of iT I w' .^•;^"'^«"> *°d fro™ plans sent by the latter. Capt. W. B Frue, of bilver Islet, is agent for the Company.^//uronw„. ?•".«. Partridge take Location . W. )V. Russell and D. McKellar, Fort William. a. One large and six smaller average samples of veinstone. h. Seven specimens with visible gold from the same vein. La?d«t.m ^'''"' '' M"""' '^'^' °^ '"'^^ * ^^ •»'■«« ''^t of the western ar^ of m tidth . '• ^1' '''"' '"'"='• •=°"^'^" "^ ^"''^ "J""'^- •'^■"ages five feet IncToa rV"' k"''"**'*,""' "'^'^ "'•' ^'"•'^ "^ "«' t^'-'l '«^«t« which ^°g^^.'i,.Q^^°:J'''°"«^ a£l"ata»ith thes^t^jke ar* met with „n th, gomtr- .ffii 42 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. ^:rT itvrif :oEt„ rr °" " "^■"^ * ''°'' '"^'-- "> »^« »*^''' °f in dissepinatedgains Specimen, '"'" J?^"'"'' '^^''^''^ '^' K''"^' ^'"<='' »«"" contained aboutS 00 wonh 'T.l .'7. '" "■" '^'""°«"=^' ''^"^'"^ "'^"'"to'-y been n.ade on a iZoIJ^hJ^': ''' '"" "^ ^'««° '''■ ^^ *-'« >>-« as /t ■ / B: !, €. Locations 64 Z and 94 Z, S. side upper L. Shehandowan . . / •'■ ^- ^'"*«y. o . I Toronto. a. Specimen of gold-bearing quartz. ron?fee7wid'e?n7'"">l''" '"*'""'" " "'^"' '^ '^^^'^^'^'^d ^8 being from three t(i 4 per uy rror. h. Alle/ne Nicholson n Quart Jour Geol Her ifl79 \ a^ • aasayed b, Mr. Wm. Low ga.e from $37 to $.7 'gold t^the Sn.-^IS "" Victoria Cape. Lake Superior ........ McK'ellar Bros., Fort William, L.S. a. Pour specimens of gold-bearing quartz from the surface. IslInd,?T ^^ " .°° """ ''*''* '"^* f •f'^^'^fi^" Bay (dpposite to the Slate to 34 f i tt\ "^h""'' l'' '"" '™'"^*^'"='' ^'•^ specimens'Luken is from 1 J lo h„?^ M ' "^""'' ^^- "' ^- ^' '» "'"^"J^ 'liarsed with iron-pyrites and feefa^d show 'rr'-i '"' *'"' ^"" •*" '"^" ""'=»-«'l '»' "^ *»- vein a short dlstrnS to!; a"dr:"r;srrr;'^-- ''''■'' -^^ -^ *-«^ -- -^^ I 5' ■;::■ a Marmora, O rp^^onio Ootd Mining Company, Toronto. - a. Gold-bearing arsenical pyrites. * b. Seven samples in bottles, illustrating separating process. 1. Crushed ore. 2.. Concentrated ore. 3. Tailings left after concentration f worthless.) 4. Ore roasted with nitrate of soda. 5. Paris-green made from the ore (150 lbs. to the ton.) 6. White arsenic from condensed fumes of the roasting ore, (500 lb., to the ton.) o i \ 7. Brown pigment residuum. (600 lbs. to the ton). The ore yieldi betides the above producte $30.00 gold per U»i. ~Lmrtntian. ' Fnnr~ ) i 'M >i0 MINERALS OP CANADA. 43 ;19. Marmora, O. . Galling Gold Miniug Cowjiant/. Manw/ra. lo: a. Gpld and silver bearing arsenical pjrites. «.(X small b(tf/pf gold from the ore. c.iAamall bar of silver from the ore, • ■ ' ■ ' L' di Plan of 'the Company's location. T^nty aasajslade in the Geological Survey laboratory of samples from the Waraora mmet have given an average of 1.6367 oz. of gold, equal $33 81 to the St Francis Bea«ce.Q.. W. P. LockwUl. )'v . a. Model of Kilgour nugget. Weight of nugget 51 J ounces. €.»?/' ""f,»?twaa found in 1869, on the Gilbert River, lot siiteefl, twenty-four feet from the surface. Narcisse Rodrigue, a farmer residing i Jthe vicinity, took out on Rrt nmeteen, in one day, gold of the value of $1,200, with a pan. On lots .r.\ ''^«°ty-'>°« about ten acres have been worked, and the value of the gold taken out ts stated to be over $500,000.- Z7^,,,r S,iuri,in hmpany, Toronto. . Geological Survey. 11 . Eastern Townships, Q '. . . . . a. Models of gold nuggets. b. Four samples of alluvial gold. ~ T The auriferous alluviots of the Province of Quebec cover an extended region in 1852 the Geological Commission had already shown tlieir eitension over more than 10,000 square miles. The gravels through which the gold is irregularly distnbuted are generally covered by a layer of vegetable earth and often by a bed of clay. They repose in part on metamo/phic Lower Silurian rocks consisting of talcose, micaceous, or chloritic schists, associated with diorites and serpentines. To the southward these Lower Silurian strata are unconformably overlaid by others of Upper Siluri<^n and Devonian age, which are also covered by auriferous alluvion. Both formations, but especially the Upper Silurian, are traversed by nnmerons veins of quartz running wiWi the straUfication or between N.E and E Samples from one of these veins, on lot twenty-one, St Charles, assayed by Dr. A. A. Hayes, of Boston, gave $77.66 in gold and $2.55 in silver to the ton. Other samples are said to have yielded by assay a» much as $106 and $136 to the ton — Alluvion. Sting ore, (500 lbs. 12. Province of Nova Scotia. . . . K S. Advisory Board and Geological Survey. a. Specimens of gold in quartz from veins in various diatricU. (See labels.) Gold was first discovered in Nova Scotia in 1859, and in 1862 npwards of seven thousand ounces were obtained. Since that time the average annual yield for the provmce has been over 1 7,000 ounces, the quantity for the fourteen vears from 1862 ,„^°J"3 Ix't'? inclu8 i v e,JA|ng been ,242,072 oz. 14 dwta. 22 gr»., according to tfce- / u DKSCRII'TIVE CATALOOIE. fiKme. of tho .V. 1^. Mines Departmenf. Tliia wa, obtained from 325 363 ton. ^of ,0.. s.) of ,,„„m, «l«cl. would give an average ,ield of U dwts 21 grf if ton. Ow.,g to ,.3 -great purity the gold sells ut about S19.50 per ounce ' Bui countmg at , e official estimate of $18 per onnce/and reckoning 3 wuZg d! to tbe year, iLe above amount Would give an average of S325 a year for each Z engaged .u the .ndus.ry. There has, however, been an almost steady incrrase fu,m ,2 .0 per u>a„, ,n 18U2, to SOGO, in 1875. Twelve steam and eight water now r . an,p .n, Is were ,n operation more or less regularly during the y!ar, b'^mosU ' lIoT ' r,l rf '''''"'J' ""^ '"'"'^ ""^"•^'^ '•-^"« ^"^ountTa To only 1 1,810 tons for the twelve months. ^ Tl;e gold-bearing rocks fom> a'broad belt along nearly the whole Atlantic coast of No a bcotuv proper. They consist usually of compact white-weathennJ ,reeu,sh.grey felsu.c quartzite, sometimes approaching in character to J, dstre' nterstrafhed wuh beds of slate, generally of a similar Lour .o the qua t te b'i frequently the slaty bands are dark grey or nearly black. Several al'st coarse redd.sh.grey granite of considerable extent occur within the go dSn^ belt of rocks. The gol.l is found in separate limited districts of which abS wenty are known. It generally occurs in thin interlaminated veins c^ hyaline q artz accompanymg the slaty bands. The outcrops of the veins in eaih d,8tr.ct, appear to be arranged in concentric lines, approaching the for^ of elipses due to domes along anticlinal axes. Occasionally a smaU produX v fn 1 found cuttmg the quartzite- (locally called "whin") at an anglet thlVdrn; Sotnefmes the mterluminated veins are quite large, but in thosf cases thevseWom contam much gold. The richer veins are usually less than two feTthickl^f ene, only a k. ,nches-but occasionally several of these lie near enough le^boZl Ihe deepest workings are in the diqtript nf «,-.«„ i u ■h,f' Native Platinmn. PLATJNUM. Si.r,ilkan.een River, British GoUnMa . . .Vechanics' Institute. Ne. WesUninsta; a. Specimen of platinum in line grains. More or less fine platin*im has been fonnd alonir with »Iln^!.i ^\a ■ 3'}. 'i^. • -? .Attempts were made to work it but are said to have proved un3UCce33ful.-(?««4-c Urcj,, L„u^r Sdunan ,*» New Westmimler. 2. Parieli of Prince William. York i County, N.B / ."Lnlie Gcoii/c Miiiiih/ Ciiiupuiif. a. Sfwcimens of antimony ore (stibuile). '■■ (roasted) c. Regulus of aiitimoiiy. d. Babbit metal, three grades. The occurrence of stibnite or grey sulphide of antimony at Prince William seems to have been known for a number of years without attracting much attention un- til about the year 1862, when fresh discoveries having been made indicating a considerable body of ore, several companies were formed with a view to its develop- ment Through their explorations the mineral was fonn.i to be more or less abundantly spread over an area of several square miles, oecirring chief! v in veins of white quartz or of quartzland calc-spar, intersecting hard clay slates and sandstones of undetermined age. These reins varv in thickness from a few inches to six feet, the ore being irregularly distributed through the qi/artz in strings or reinleta, someUmes attaining a thickness of from twelve to fifteen inches. A large portion of that hitherto raised has been obtained within a short distance of the surface by means of trenches dug on the course of the lodes, but sewral shafts have also been sunk to a depth of^ver one hundred feet. In connection with these, the Lake George Mining Company have erected extensive works and machi- nery, embracing an 80 horse-power engine, a 3& horse-power air-compressor engine \ a Burleigh steam-drill, Blake's crusher, rollers, jiggers, &c., as well as furnaces fo^ desulphunzation and smelting. These, when in full operation, yield fifteen tons of metal about every six weeks, the charges ^of 500 cwt.) yielding from 45-10 55 per cent of regnlus. The materials employed in smelting are charcoal, soda or salt- cake and rosin. The value of the mfttal on the ground is twelve to fourteen cents per pound. It is partly exported in cakes or ingots to the United States, and part- ly employed on the ground in the manufacture of Babbit metal (containing fifteen 10 twenty per cent, of antimony with lea4 and tin, or in the better qualities with Jead, copper and tin) valued at from twenty to fifty cents jHsr pound.— tnoer ■Silurian. ■ ' ' ■ t t sSJit.fcf'fev.t .» » J .It , a. % \ ' ' K- " 'Wl'l 46 Sulphide of Bismuth. DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. BISMUTH / Tudor, O.; a. Specimens of sulpbiUe of bismuth. Geological Surcei/. b. Metallic bismuth, obtained from the sulphide. u. MATERIALS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF HEAr ANP LIGHT. Anthracite. i ■(! I , i,l i:.i|::l , Graham iBland. (one of the Queen Charlotte) J/'ecJam>, 7„,,,7, <" «« f«et thick. In the direcUonof itfl^tHke, howerer, it appeared to thin out altogether, or to be r^prl seated by coal of rerj .nferior quality mixed with shale and clay iron-stone The seams are vertical, and the rocks containing them are flanked to the north- west by escarpments of yolcanic rock. nfthrrri^^T^"^""^',"!,"^ the anthracite by fast coking gave (see Report, of the Geological Suwey of Canada, 1872-73, p. 81) : J^***'- 1.89 1.60 Volatile combustible matter 4.77 5.03 Fixed carbon, , .- 85.76 8309 / Sulphnr o.89 1.53 ^ ■**'' 6.69 8.76 n^rrr Ml hi:::ii:^ r 1. > ViA^Airttl*-.. MINERALS OF CANADA. 47 to work the seams ; but unL u?,aTeir;h.?,T'. T"*^' "''' ""' '° "•'•"•^our. Geoloyical Surrey. '-4 HEAT ANP Bituminous Coiil. 1. BaynesSoun.l Mine^BC. n „ .' Bay nes Sound Mining Co, a- Block of coal. , ThiB mine is aitiiftted about forty miieq north nfv.».' \i u half south-west from the shor. nf r ""^h of Xanaimo, and about one and a shipping. In the .ecTioo at ^^^"'^h "'' """''^ '""""^ * ^""^ '"'^»'°" f"' varie'. i^ thickness f cm v .^ ttwo'i'n t? r^" T" °':*^'""- ''•"' '"''- however, containing thin seamT of ll I '" ^'*" *■•* '*"'<'' ^^^ f««'. aeam is separated frortheTat.roirsi^rfrero; t "'"':• ''' '""^' stone, and shows five feet ten inches 7^1 1, 1 *'"'"" ,'^*"'^ *'"''■ from the lower seam gave Dr. Hunt by sircokfng : '""^'y^'.^-S^- «P«<=imea Fixed carbon Volatile combustible matter oVr. Ash ", ■' 5.75 A somewhat weathered specimen from the upper seam gave : Fixed catHoD 57^^ VoI»|»»|i» combustible matter 29 10 fr^: S.£^;^5r'^' °^'^'-^" '^^^ ^- ^- shipped ■dB gave (see Report. V. 2. Wellington Mine, B.C: Dunsmuir, Diygle ct Co . r Departure Bay, B.C a. Block of coal. mil^l^i^n """:"'•* J'^" '"«' " half miles north-west of Nanaimo and three- Tht T .1 ^P" r ^''^- ^* *"'* P°'°' » ♦'«"«'•' ««t through the clay coveS dr^niV""" ""J'T ""'^'"'"^ °f "'""^ feet of coal, «stiSg on a K hghf drab sandstone. At a d.stance of a quarter of a mile ^^.m thU there is anotSer :r;%:rn;^a::^':.r^^^^^^^ -- ^-' -- - -->« - - Fixed carbon .« ,[„ ,r , ... 55.50 Volatile matter Mid ^^ <^^Z'Z'Z. 9^80 The coal does not,*oke well. Last year (1876) anew opening wa. made wh.chprom.se8 to ^be valuable. The total sales in 1876^ere V2" tone 29,818 tons. Preparations are being made by which the output will shorUr bo increased from 160 to 250 tons per day. At the mine the coal sella for ^^ five to SIX dollars per ton, and in San Francisco, which is the principal market for ten dollars per ton.—Crelaceow. "«««i> \. .ttStJL« >v^S --* .^-A.^ ).' V *i*ii.- ■ ''^fvr 4S * ■: 4i Ein \l , ■.!'■■ "■i ■ it III! [}!' !* in DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 3. Na.mimo Colliery, B.C.. Vancouver Coal Mining Cowpauy, Kanaimo, B.C. * a. Block of coal. Thia localitr is seventy miles north-west of Victoria. The principal working :h:f:n:w:nT"auUr' ^ ^"«^""-;™- --'^^ ««- O^- H-t bys.ow cokm^g Volatile matter 38 40 Fixedcarbon .-,i jk I rui ^^l" 10.50 J Another seam seven feet thick, occurs above the one just mentioned, from which .t IS separated by about HO feet of sandstone. The colliery has be^n in opera- ion for. upwards Of twenty years, and in 1871 tjje output was from 160 to 180 ^r to'n T'-J.^T"'"^""'''"' '" '''' ^*^ ''^''' *»-' ^»'-d «t *«-00 per ton^ In 1875, 49,421 tons were shipped, and a balance of 13,037 remained on hand The pnncpal markets are Victoria and San Francisco, but small quantities are also shipped to Honolulu, Mazatlan, Alaska, &c.-Cretaceou, 4. Union Mine, Comox. B.C r,„v,„ ir;.„-.., /^ t "ion Jltmng Company. a. A two-feet cube of coal. .^ This mine is situated on a small tributary of the Puntledge River where a perpendicular cliff affords a section containing eleven coal seams, varying from . one and a half to ten feet in thickness, or altogether about twen.y-nine feet of coal The lower two and a half feet of the ten, feet seam is a dull earthy coal, the remammg seven and a half feet being clean and bright Analvsis of a specimen irom the upper part gave by slow coking : W*ter ;__ 1,0 Volatile combustible matter 27.17 Fixedcarbon 68 27 ^^^ ■■^'■■■^^ZZZ 2.%^ By rapid heating yields a tolerably firm coke.-Cretaceout. 5. Grand Lake, Queen's County, N.B | ^"**"* * Sunbwy Coal Mining ' Company. a. Block of coal representing maximum thickness of the bed. More than a third of the Province of New Brunswick is occupied by rocks of the Coal formation which present the usual variety of sandstones, con^bmerates and shales met with m other coal regions, together with numerous and characteristic fossil remains Beams of coal have been found at various points ; none of them however, exceed twenty-six inches in thickness. But as the straUflcation is nearlv or quite horizontal, and the seams close to the surface, they can be readily mined over very l»rge areas. The possible occurrence of thicker seams at greaterdeplhs can only be ascertained by borin?, The results already obtained by this means .^ unfavourable,and Und to prove thatthe Coal formaUon itself is of nconrder able thickness m this region. As, however, the coal rocks cover a very uneven Z'lTrl ? TkT^'- " ^' P"'"'"" ^''*' *' ""'"« P"'"* tl"' f"™" may atuin a much greater thickness, and include workable bods of coal The only localiUes in which coal is now raised are in the vicinity of the New- „ tiSte \s*, ■> . ■ *. t ni/, Kanaimo, B.C. ■ MINERALS OF CANADA. - 49 -c«tlo River and about the,,8hore, of Grand Lake in Queen's county. The seam « about two feet thick and from ten to fifteen feet from the surface' It has ^Z mmed at a Rreat numhsiLof points o.er an area of one hund«d square miT .nd,cat,„ga total productive, capacity of about 160,000,000 tons. The c^a J use The :i3TJ'^'' *"'' ^ '"^^''^^ »>»''' '^^ '«>'«">'>oW « 6 " Total volatile matter 33 526 Fixed carbon "■■ gg^ggg ^^^(e^y/ 10.500' ^"'P''»r 0.584 A trial of the coal from this bench at the gas works, Pictou, gafe 8,500 cable ..feet of gas per ton, with thirty-six bushels of good coke. As a coal for steam and domestic purposes this one possesses excellent qualities.-Carioni/erow II, 'h' 9. Ac«iia Mine8, Pictou County, N.S Jesse Boy t. a. Column of coal, two feet square at the base and five feet high. p The Acadia Coal Company own three mining rights known as the Carmichael *"!"',. '.I *^'*«","''»' »"d No. 3 area. Work is at present confined to the first. 00 which the Acadia Colliery is situated. Here the supposed representatives of the Main and Deep seams of the Albion Mines are found. The Acadia seam the equivalent of the Main seam, is eighteen feet two inches thick, and is overlaid by a band of carbonaceous and oil shale eleven feet seven inches thick The second seam is about 160 feet below the first, and, where exposed in a trial pit, consists of three feet ten inches of shaly coal, and seven feet eight inches of good coal. It is not worked at present, operations being restricted to the Acadia seam. A specimen of coal from the latter gave Mr. Gordon Broome. ^ MINERALS OF CANADA. 5J Moisture 2 jn • Volatile combustible matter...' 32 27 Fixed carbon gj^.^ f^*" • ."'.. T^se Sulphur 0.50 The coal from this seam is more compact than that from the Albion Mines and contams but little mineral charcoal. It does not coke readily bat is an excellent steam coal. In 1875 the production was 65,992 tons, and tk^ uumber of hands employed 240.— Carboni/eroiii. , 10. Albion Mines, Pictou County. N.S .James Hudson, SMlarton, N.S. a. Column of coal, three feet squjire at the base and twelve feet high." b. Coke. ' > wiStrS? 'r !?"" T"" """ '° "**""■ '^"'^ •' the central area of those- wUWi the l.m«t8 of the productive coal measures. It includes the crops of the two jg^cpal seams, the " Main " and the « Deep." Till within a few years the work^ ■HBon this area and those on the McGregor seam constituted the principal ones in jpWtctou coal field. The term " Albion Mines " embraces the followlngcoUieries • Tst, Bufnt Mmes, 2nd, Crushed Mines, (abandoned), 3rd, Dalhousie pit works 4t^ Forster p.t works, 5th, Foord pit works-all on the Main seam-an ithe Ca^ pit work, on the Deep seam. A section of the Main seam at the Dalhousie pit works gave36J feet of coal, including five interstratified bands of ironstone with a totAl th.ckness of twenty-thr.e inches. The quality of the coal varies, so that in some places only a part can be worked, while in others, the whole thickness is mined A section o« the Deep seam, taken three-quarters of a mile from the Cage pit" where the whole thickness of the bed is worked, gives eighteen fee, three inches _ of good coal, with a parting of pyritous coal one and a half fe t thick The amount of coal raised from these mines during 1875 was 130,069 tons, the number of persons employed being 607. The following analyses are by Professor How of Windsor Colleire N S •_ Main Seam : » > • • • Moisture j ^g Volatile combustible matter 24.28 Fixed carbon , gg jq Ash Y 74 Deep Seam : W«*er 2.54 Volatile combustible matter 20.46 FixM carbon ggso ^^^ 8.50 This coal cokes well, and is largely used both for house and steam purposes. — Carboniferous. e^a^ir. ! \. 11 . Va» Colliery. Pictou County. X.S John Greener. a. Block of coal, two feet square and two and a half feet high. mJi"- *'*'! °' '*'/"'* ^'"^' ^'■'^' '"*'' ^'<"«.i, Company is three square iilT. VI ^^ contain, two important seams, the " McBean six feet seam" ud the McBean eight feet seam." The latter, which i. the only one worked by the '°^^P^J'l^Ll'2!^{J?^^^^2^mJ ^t iMm t h e f or m e r, i t h a HieMure. h^ri^ w- •p 52 % DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. inclination of about 36». Operationa were begun in 1873, and since then a slope hag been dnren for 840 feet, and levels utended on each side to a distance of 2 100 feet. In 1875 there were 247,hands employed, and 36,647 tons of coal raised 7448 tons more than in the preceding year. An analysis of a specimen from the eight feet seam gave : * Water ^^2 Volatile combustible matter. 30.23 Fixed carbon ; 59 ^q • Ash (white) 735 The coal is chiefly used as a steam^nd house coal. Like the other collieries in the Pictou field, this one is worked by the post-and-stall tjaHm.-Carboni/erou*. lit:;. ->--f" 12. Sydney Mines, C.B Richard H. Br w>n. a. Column of coal, two feet square and six feet high, from the Sydney main seam. : ■ ''' ' ' ' ■> The Sydney minis are the most important in Cape Brtttfh. From 1785 to 1827 they were worked in a very irregular manner, someUmes by the government and at others by various individuaU and companies. According to Mf. Richard Brown, the production during this period was only 276,000 tons, or less' than half what shouldjiave been produced from the area worked. In 1827 the mines passed into the hands of the General Mining Association of London, who hold under lease jUn the district more than 30,000 acres, underlaid for the most part by valuable ^eams-of coal, which range from four tonight feet in thickness. The Sydney main seam has been the most extensively worked in the past, and at present operations are almost entirely confined to it. It is from five and a half ^ to six feel thick, and of good quality throughout. The following is an analysis of ., a specimen of the coal by Professor How, of Windsor, Nova Scotia : Moisture 304 Volatile combustible matter..j. '. 31.14 Fixed carbon 61.50 Ash (reddish-brown) 4.32 ■ Av' '■' 100.00 According to G. Buist, Esq., manager of the Halifax Gas Works, the yield of gas <8 candles) is 8,200 cubic feet per ton (2240 lbs.) of coal. The. «soal is largely ex- ported to the United States and the neJghboring Provinces, and is used chiefly for domesUc purposes. In 1876 there were 640 persons employed in connection with the mines, and the output was 124,199 tons of coal.— (7ar6oni/irow. 'WW la. Victoria Mine, 0. B .../. W. Fraaer, Halifax. a. Block of coal, one foot square and two feet high. Thif mine was established in 1867 to work a submarine area of four square miles on Ite «ait side of Sydney Harbor. In this area there are numerous seams of coal, SIX of which, with an aggregate thickness of thirty-six feet, are probably workable. The seam mined at present, called the Victoria seam, has a thickness of «ix feet ten inches, of which, however, only five feet six inches of good coal are taken out. Th« coal Is of excellent quality, and is chiefly used for domesUc and Steam pnrpoee«. An analyela of a specimen by Dr. D>WB»n gavc^ ■7 MINERALS OF CANADA. , 53 Volatile matter '...;: .\... 38.70 I*iied carbon ^;. _ jg^Q Aah 2.W* i 1 ■' '■ . The number of persons employed in this mine during 1875 Was 104, and the toUl output amountefl to 18,814 tons.— Curiopi/iroiw. U. Lingan Mine, C.B R.E. Brovon, Sydney\ Mines, O, a. Column of coal, from the Lingan main seam, two feet sqJore and five an* a half feet hjgh. I The Lingan Colliery is situated on the North shore of Indian Bay, about twelve milesfrom Sydney. It was first opened, in 1854, by the General Mining Association, on whose valuable area of fourteen square miles eight workable seams havff be^n found and prove4. The aggregate thickness of these is not less than forty feet of good coal. The seam worked at present is known as the Lingan main seam It is ^ eight feet eighf inches thick, and dips N. 32= B <: ] 2°-lfl°. At a height of five feet eight inches from the floor, a clay parting occurs, which at iu outcrop in Indian Bay is one inch in thickness, but in the working slope, half a mile westward, in- creases to fifteen inches, and at a further similar distance west, forms a division- of eight feet, splitting the seam into two. The land and sea anas of this tracb taking the lower seam only, should contain about 73,000,0oa tons of ceal. Tha coal IS shipped largely to Boston and New York, where it is used in thti minnlkc-''^ ture of gas, for which purpose it is #fell suited ; jthe yield of gas per ton \f state* to be 9,700 cubic feet. Analysis of a specimen gave I ' ■ ■ ' . ■ ■■> ^ Volatile matter .'.'. v....... 33 84 Fixed carbon ...„ ^ __ 6360 ' Sulphur... :.„ Z.rj.'Z 0.17 ■ , , ' »- " Ash : _,.,_ ;...'.,, 4.79 '^ f< The output of coal for 1875, as ih most 6f the other-Cape Breton hiines, shows a great falling off as cOmpft-ed with former years, amounting tp only 22,805 tons. The number of personsemployed was only UZ.—Carboniferoui. !l Ftaaer, Halifax. 15. Gardiner J^ne, C.B \ ...... ! ;C. Wm. Routkdge, Bridg'eport^C.B: a. Block of coal, one foot square atid two feet hi^. This mine is situated eight and a half miles from (be town of Sydnev, on the- *>uth side of the Lingan Basin. The property is two squa^ miles in extent, on» Iialf being land and the other half se^ area. The two principal seams, sd far a» known, are the Gardiner and the Carroll feams. The formejt if foiir feet'ninft inches thick, of miiformly goo^ coal, and is esUmated to contain witWftaha/are» about 6,600,000 tons. The Carroll seam shows at ^ outcr9P six feet of g^lcoal. Migrated by a band of shale into two benches. An anUysis of co*I from the Gardiner seam gave by slow coking, ' - \ ■■ Volatile matter ......' 31.37 Fixed carbon i .'. 8453 ■ ■**•» 2.«2 Sulphur 1 j.jg According to Dr. Dawson the yield of gas is 10,700 cubic feet per \m. The coat ii^ioan excellent iteam coal. The total output during the Kit three year» |,»i^%kV . «i ^ ^* DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. - - amounted to 39,765 tons.^ W number of persons employed in 1875 was gixtr- fire, including \>oyi.— Carboniferous. , ^ J6. InlernationaJ Mine, C. B R^\ McDonald, Bridgeport, C. B. ^ a. Column of coal, from the Harbor seam, two feet square and six feet high. 1^ The International Coal and Railway Company of New York acquired in 1863 -an area of four square miles, situated about half-way between Sydney Harbor and Cow Bay, the breadth of the property t)eing not leas than three miles, in the very •centre of the productive coal measfl^. It is underlaid by at least four most nnportant seams, with an aggregate thickness of «wenty.two feet of workable coal. Mining operations have been hitherto confined to the Harbor seam, ^hich IS the, highest in the area, and has a thickness of from five feet six inches td six feet of good coal. It has been proved to extend entirely across the area, havihg - an outcrop of over two miles. The estimated amount of coal on the property m this seam is estimated at 4,500,000 tons, and about 500,000 tons have been\ extracted. For the year 1875 the output amounted to 40,489 tons, the number of persons employed being a26, including seventeen boys. The coal is of excellent quality, and is largely exported to New York for tl,e manufacture of gas ; it is said to yield 10,000 cubic feet of 16 candle gas and 1,470 lbs. of coke per ton. It is also an excellent steam coal. An analysis of a specimen gave, Volatile matter ,'... 3409 Fixed carbon (j2.92 Ash.. '. 2.99 The seam dips S. 84' B > 5', and the coal has" a regular cleat running N- 75''-80= W. The mine is worked by means of a shaft nipety-six feet deep and a slope 550 feet long.— <7ar6onj/erou». 17. Little Glace Bay Mines, C.B. . . . Henry Mitchell, Little Glace Bay, C.B. a. Colamn of coal, two feet square and six and a half feet high. These mines are owned by a company of Halifax capitalists, who leased an area of 1,640 acres in 1861 from Mr. E. N. Archbold of Sydney. They have been worked more or less profitably, and at one time are said to have paid a dividend of 40 per cent, to the shareholders. The area is about sixteen miles from Sydney, and is moat favourably situated as regards shipment of coal. It embraces the entire land out- crop of the Hub seam, and a large proportion of that of the Harbor seam (from which the column was taken), and is also underlaid, at a depth not exceeding 700 feet below that last named, by three workable seams, and at a lower depth by two JT'Ju "■'"■'.»*'« °f *»•'«'> »"»« not yet been determined. The total thickness of the Hub seam is nine feet ten inches, of which the upper portion, one foot eight inches thick, being of inferior quality, is not taken out except in the main level The Harbor seam, which is the representative of the Sydney main seam, has a thickness ot five feet Fix Inches. The coal from both these seams is largely used forgaa purposes in Halifax and the United Stat«s, and yields nearly 10 000 cubic feet of 15 candle gas per ton. An analysis of a specimen from the Harbor seam gives, Volatile matter 30.21 Fixe i carbon 67 78 •^••' 2^01 The total Output of coal in 1875 amounted to 22,734 tons, giving employment to 111 men and boys.— Car6oni/^;row. Bridgeport, C. B. re and six feet high. MINERALS OF CANADA. ' 5.5 ^ -- 48. Calelonia Mines, C.B David Mac Keen, Little Glace Bay, C.B. a. Column of coal, two and a half feet square and eight feet high, from th« Phelan seam. , / This property is situated sixteen miles from Sydney, adjoining to the east that of the Little Glace Bay Company. It comprises 875 acres of land and 632 acres of. -sea area, and is underlaid, at an easily accessible depth, by about fire workable seams of coal, the united thickness of which may Be stated as twenty- four feet. Besides these there are other important s^ams at greater depths. Mining was begun here ii^ 1866 by a co-npany of Boston capitalists, and has been carried on uninterruptedly ever since. The " Phelan seam "> is the only one worked. It averages eight feet three inches in thickness ; but, owing to the badness of the roof, eigl^teen inches of the top coal is not taken out. The c(fal answers for most purposes for which bituminous coals are ordinarily «mployied, though the proportion of ash is rather large for a good steam coal. An analysis of a sample from the Phelan seam by Poole gave, , Volatile matter 33.00" Fixed carbon. I. .: .^737 Ash 9.63 ■ According to the s^me authority the yield of gas is 9,700 cubic feet per ton. The output from this mine AAy be taken as an example of the great decrease in the coal trade.during the past two years, being only 16,566 tons in 1875 with a force of seventy-eight hands employed, against 75,202 tons with 196 persons eipployed in 1813.— Carboni/trous. giving employment Ontario Mine, C.B John Sutherland, Port Caledonia, C.B. a. Column of coal, two and a half feet square at the base and seven feet This property is 880 acres in extent, and is situated on the coast between Glace Bay a^ Schooner Pond. It is underlaid tbroughbat its entire length, two and a half miles, at a moderate depth, by two very valuable seams, the Pbelab and Ross, as well ak^by several others of' importance. The only seam which has been mined is the Phe^n, which has a thickness of about eight feet, of which, however, eighteen in^es is left to support the shaly roof. The coal is chiefly used in the mannfactnre ol gas. An analysis ofa specimen from the seam worked gave, ' Volatile \matter 32.62. Fixed carOon .' 64..33 Ash !\. ' "2.85 Sulphur \.. ^.17 The output in 1875 amottnted to 6,653 tons, the numbeir , of persons employed being forty-six.— Carioni/eroti 20. Gowrie Mines, C.B .\. . . T. D. Archibald, Nokh Sydney, C.B. a. Block of coal, ope foot square And two feet high, from the HcAnley seam. The property on which these mines we situated coven an area of two square miles, and is situated on the north side oP^ow Bay, adjoiaing that of the Block- fcouse mine. It ia underlaid by several wottjtable seams, only one of which, tha \ 56 ^. ■ •!?«<■ DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. McAuley is being worked. TbU seam hu an arerage thicknege offiTe ftet of aio* coal, with from two to six inches which i, inferior and ig left to support the SJT The amount of coal yet remaining, besides that contained in the pilars marhl' domesfc and steam purposes, aqd though it has a considerable proportion of alb u IS not apt to form clinkers. An analysis by slow coking gave, ' Volatile matter ^^ ' Fixed carbon ,„.;...; Z'['Z~'.63M "" ^"f;- ■ 3.60 SuJpbur ..., 2.86 It has been extensively used in the manufacture of gas, thoujrh the larni nm. !nt°.^otf "'"' " «"'J*»--b>«- The output from fhismi^ 'dur^iS w^ ■ r t 'A !!:. 21 . Block House Mine, C.B William McQueen, Cou, Bay^C.B. a. Column of coal, three feet square and eight and a half feet high. Th?i'ir'^'*^hi'' ''""'*!^ "" *•'' "'"'"' "^ *^°* ''"y- '«^«"«««° """« from Sydney 1863, Sn^ Which time work hag been carried on systematically, and with but li ^ miles, 1280 acres of which are , land, and the rest sea area. The Blockhouse seam the uppermost and by far the thickest in the Cow Bay basin, i entfr^W contained in this a«,a. It has an average thickness of eighUeet ten ncherof vrhich one foot .s left in to support the roof, and underlies 240 acres of the land area. Besides the Blockhouse seam, the property is underlaid by sever.l oSe« of importance hitherto unworked. The coal is used in Boston and nIw Wo" the manufacture of gas, and is said to yield 10,600 cubic feet per ton. It is also a ■ good steam coal. An analysis of a specimen by slow cooking gave : Volatile matter 35 3^ Fixed carbon [..."ea.'ao Ash (purplish-red) 533 'The output in 1875 amounted to only 23,064 tons, against 52,571 tons in 1873. The n«mber of persons employed in 1875 was 113.— Carboniftroui. V > If IS: i i -'A 22... New Campbellton Mine, Hon. C. >. Campbell, Baddeck, Q. B. a. Block of coal, one foot square and two feet high. Ji^^^^'J^ °l ^'''''' *"'' """" ^ '""****' •" *•"«« «!''»« ""les in extent, » small proportion being sea area, but easUy accessible. It is on the northern sid» 8vd„.l^, fiirr I*:^!"^"" ^-Or Lake, at the north-west extremity of tho Sydney coal field, about thirteen miles, on the course of the beds, from the Sydney TZt IM"^'''!'^'?' '* P^"*°* ''"°'"' "« *»^. ono of fo" feet, one of- six fe«t and a third of two feet Of these the four feet seam, from which by far the large, amount of coal h«i been taken, is found to b, contaminated with e«thy andother impurities, which, however, may dhuinish as the seam is worked farther ■•-.'! VEiS \.i ^^^^p^^^^^^q^T™fK!^7^*^^^Kw|p^W MINERALS OF CANADA. 67 - The lix fe«t leam, where it hag jbeen ent by the tnnnel, yields a bright clean bltomiDOui coal, but it doea not maintain its regular thiclcness in the ezposurea yet made. Th|B tvo feet aeam ia also a fine bitominoiu coal, «nd is 'very regular. Mining baa been carried on {to a limited extent, and with occasional intermisgioni,. for the laat twelve or fourteen years. The output for 1875 was only 456 tons, and the number of persons employed sixty-five. — Carbonifiroxu. ■^ ' 1 tons in 1873-. Ligpaite. 1. Saekatchewan River, N. W.T Geological Sureey. a. Block of lignite, four feet high and one foot square. This specimen is from the great lignite bed on the North Saskatchewan River, about seventy-five miles above Edmonton. The bed is seen in two places, eight or ten miles apa*t, and has a thickness of twenty feet above low wnter mark ; but as the bottom is not seen, its total thickness is not known, r The lower exposure is very near the contemplated crossing of the Saskatchewan by the Canada Pacific Railway. The lignite burns freely, with a resinous odottr and pleasant flame, leav- ing a reddish-grey ash. It is dull and black, and often contains mineral charcoal ; on exposure it is liable to crack and fall to pieces. An analysis of a specimen by slow coking gave : , Water.........' 10.90 Volatile combustible matter 28.69 Fixed carbon ..54.96 Ash i 6.45 " Large^g€ams are exposed at many other places in this part of the country. On. thepr^eau River thereare said to be three, from fourteen to twenty-six feet thick. . the bank of the Pembina River, ninety miles west of Edmonton, a seam fourteen feet thick is exposed, and on the Saskatchewan itself, besides the one already described, a number of others, varyin^in thickness fVom a few inches, are found, as far down as Victoria. Further soiith, in the vicinity of tie forty-ninth parallel, important beds have been discovertd, one of them, at Porcupine Creek, having, according to Mr. G. M. Dawson, a/thickness of eighteen feet.— Z>t;^ni(c Tertiatyy or Cretaeeout. Albertite. Albert Mines, Albert County, N.B. Albert Mining Company, Albert Mines, N.B. a. Specimens of albertite. / ' > This remarkable mineral, occurring in connection with th^calcareo-bitaminoua shales or pyroschists described further on, was first discovered by accident, about the year 185J, and has been by some regarded as a true coal, by others as a variety of jet, aitd by others again as more nearly related to asphaltum. It resembles the lattfer closely in appearance, being very black, brittleoind lustrous, with a broad conchoidal fracture, and, like asphaltum, is destitnn of structure, but differs in fusibility and in its relation to various solvents, it differs ttoxa true coal in bein^^f one quality throughout, in conUining no traces of vegetable' J ■ r-- ^® » DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. \ tissues, and in its mode of occurrenc*, as a vein, and not as a bed. The reiii ocou- "' pies an imguUr and nearly vertical fiasure, and varies from one inch t the twelve years from, 1863 to 1874, inclusive ; Tons. ^^^ 18,600 • '^^* •" ••• 19,300 ^^^' • • 20,600 ^8«« 20,600 ^^'^- 17,000 1 ^^^ : 12,400 • ' ^*®* •. 17,000 --^ ^^""^ 6,000 ^"1 •, 5,606 ^^'''^ 5,000 ^^^^ 6,000 ; ,'8^* '. 7,000 Total in twelve years 154',800 tons. The royalty paid to the government up to the first of January, 1866, was The mineral has been used in the United States partly for the manufacture of oil, and partly for admixture with ordinary bituminous coals in the preparation of Illuminating gas. For either of these purposes it is admirably adapted, yielding lOO gallons 6f crude oil or 14,500 cubic feet of gas of superior illuminating power per ton. When employed with coalit leaves as a residuum » valuable coke. The marked decrease in the amount exported since 1869 has been due parUy to extensive fires in the mines, and parUy to a great diminution in the size of the vein. It is, however, hoped that explorations now in progress may result in th* discovery of other extensive deposits. Tl* price has varied at different times from $15.00 to $20.00 (gold) per ton. The number of men at present employed - in connection With, the works is about one hundred and twenty. The freight to \\ • Boston is,$2i)0 or to St. Jo6a Ji.OO per ton.-Z,oir«r Carboniftrou, formation. "' " * 2. AlberVMine8,AltHirtCount^ABeM,>«au AlQtite Mineral Oil. Company . >^ ^'^- <- . • / Wmtmorland,N.b.^J.Byers. , , 1^ - o. Specimens of albertite. -^ • ' ''„ Bituminoufl Shale. ' ii ^' \ 1', f . .: ,/-^ '- ;..,"''• -. . 1. ColliDg^o^,0..1qt23.ringe3 .^l .:.....,.. Geological Surve;,. _„_. ^ ___ ___,^____^_ ___ „ ^,_____i____ ^ „ _ „ : ^r^— = I . ' • ... ■ . . - " •, ^ ' 0» ■ \ '> ' " ■ ' • ' •:''"'"" <''^ , " ...111.'. . u ' ' ' ' ■ ■ « ...... 'W " ■ '" •• . 'v . . • "„.«.,.. , '/ I ,. , . - ■■" - ** ^ ■ - t.^ ■' /) . :..„ ".,••. .:'• .■ /J > " -'• »' ■ " ■ %s » "•■ ^^^ ., ■■ " ■■ ... . ■■■ ■■;,, ■'<' ;'.., V > • " MINEKAI^S OF CANADA. 69 The shale of CoUingwood, on lot 23, range 3, yields, whci) distilled, from thre« to four per cent, of tarty oilyiMjiCh, by the usual process of rectification, aflbrds oils fitted for illumination and lubncatkm. Works were greeted by Messrs. Pol- lard k Macdonell, in October, 1859, containing twenty-four retorts, and capable of yielding about f250^. gallons of oil daily, by the distillation of from twenty to thirty tons'^of sbal^. The available bed of shale is seven feet in thickness, and.t]ie material was deli'^ered, broken for the retorts, at twenty cents per ton. The coht ■of the crude oil wi^ said. to be fourteen cents a gallon, and for a while the business waa carried on successfully, a ready market being found for the 6il3-, but the works were repeatedly destroyed by fire, and the oiUfrom this source coming into com| >-'i 'J ^ i*3&i. Tir^'^^''-" ^*>-^j ^7pw~ - "-flCWB^T il"^ MINERALS OF CANADA. 61 1. Atltntic Petroleum Work*,' London, U Waterman Br o*. a. Crude petroleum, (f 1.2S per 43 gal*)*. 33' B»uiii«. b. Beotine 62=' " «. Head-light oil 40^ « 4. Tk 22^ " . J Illamlnatingoil... 45' " Engine lul Coach •/. ] Woodi Weill Spind rPreated \ Pressed [Uqpressed' Paint oil. ' Tanner's oil. 175= Vapour test. 130' A. I. J- Altar candles, J and 1 lb. each, in colours ...v.. .140' melting point. Urdinarj paraffin candles for domestic purposes.. 132' " " " for railroad cars aud carriages. 150' " . Small tapen of various colours ,>.... 125' " *. Axle grease. {Flour paraffin. " Pure paraffin wax. Crude paraffin wax. ■ r Pyramid of pure wax, 7 feet'high 840 lbs. I Statuette, 3 feet high, female figure S...180 " Two pyramids, (small) ^arJMkM- 100 " ,each. Cakes of paraffin wax. r Coke from oil, soft. ' 1 Coke from tar, hard. Surface oil and " gum-beds " were known to exist in the southern part of the township of Enniakillen from the time of the first settlement of the western part of Ontario. In 1860, Mr. Williams, of Hwnilton, Ont., first obtained petrolejim by boring in the underlying rock at thii locality, which was then named Oil Springs. It was Bcion diicoreiad, however, that the best " oil territory " lajt a few miles northward In the same township, in the vicinity of the present towA of Petrolia. The w|>ole of the anrrounding oonatnr ii very level, with a clay surface. The present oil-producing region around Petrolia hag an area of about eleven square miles, with its longer diameter running about N.N.W. The bluish clay of the surface has h pretty uniform depth of about 100 feet, and beneath it the borings penetrate an average thickness of 380 feet of interstratified bluish-grey dolomites, shales and marls (the last being locally known as " soapstone,") to the most 'il ' Wine gallons, one-fifth less than Imperial gallons. 63 DESCRIPTIVE. CATALOGUE. 4 ' productive Btratum, or 480 feet in all. At first many of the wells both at Oil bpnngs and Petrolia, flowed spontaneously, but now ther Mt^^ILV pumped. The oil is accompanied by sulphurous salineJater Lh h "^""i *» ^^ odour. The difficulty in .eating Hd^f th'is oZ:i!:7ZT:::^^::::::z . the successful cou^petition of the Canadian petroleum with mineral o Is from oTher countruis ; bu s.nce the refineries have been able to thoroughly acclZh thi/ U has been acknowledged to be a very superio'r burning oil ^""^^^"^^ »•»«. The rocks penetrated in boring the oil wells belong annarentlv tn ♦!,„ a. -w and the Chemung and Portage for„,ations, but the p^SS iLTf L b^ ve t ong,nate in the limestones of the Corniferous formation, which is Ihe ner^St^ . ^r«raTcrld'r--''^- occupied by the'petr:fe;;t.rrfof toth?dT„:::'ortrrk:.":nry"i\r s;^^ ^'--». ^-. -'-^^ time about 500 small steam ng^n s for borinfand "' '" "P*"*"""- ^* °"« but this number is now reduce^rb^twee" 200 d roo"""7fierw:n ""■ T""' ' have all been bored by the ordinary percussion drinThP» ' '" ^°'*"° presenting theoldFairbanksWelirPetTasowJ^^^^^^^^^^^ ings and tanks used in the Enniskillen oil ";!« 7 '^'^'•^"'^derr.cks, build- is distilled at Petrolia, but the g eater part is refinedtnT h'""""."'"" "^^^ "'' employed i.fb^th procefseM^^ie^ ;^^'^^^^^^^^^^^^ -n year ending 3.S, January, 18G3, the quantit'; ^8274 S, a e thi h'm: the yield gradually increased for ten years The fnIInw!„T .t .___refined in Ontario for the last five years:- ^ "' ""^ 'I"'""''''' I Year ending 30th June, 1871...., 269,395 barrels of 40 gals "872 308,100 « u ■' . 1873 365,052 ip" » ,." I*f4 168,807 " n 1875 (aboul)210,0C0 ' " 'i |il> I Latterly, the*greater part of the ail has been consumed within the Dominion only a comparatively small proportion being eipor.ed. dominion, In former years, and when petroleum commanded muck higher prices than »t present, it was sought for by bofinir in the rorU n„H „k.i- j • ^ " ** Vnnfl^L the Trenton formation, that of Gaspf, Tilsonburg,. BoUiwell and Ennisfelkn, as well as the great natural outflow A he AthabasWa RrveTlr* to be noticed, is derived, in each case, from rocks belT„gi:g': rhetlLn^t:! MINERALS OF CANADA. 63 , Geological Survq/. 2. Atliabaska River, N. W. Territory . ' a. Specimens of crude petroleum. b. " inspissated petroleum. e. Sandstone impregnated with patroleum. d. Sandstone from above the petroleum. The occurrence of petroleum or " bitumen " on the Athabaska \%fia recorded by- Sir Alexander MacKenzie in 1789, and again by Sir JoljpRichardson in 1851. Tho first-named author states, on page 87 of his narrative, alluding to the Forks of the Athabaska or Elk River that. " At about twenty-four miles from the Forks are some bituminous fountains into which a pole twenty fieet long can be inserted without the least resistance. The bitumen is in a fluid state ; heated it emits a smell like that of sea coal." And Sir John Richardson says, " The whole country for many miles is so full of bitumen that it flows- readily into a pit dug a few^feet below tho surface." — Uevonian. Peskt. i^?i-, 1. St. Hubert, Q Canada Peat Fuel Company, Montreal. a. Speeimens of pent prepared by Hodge's process. h. Two views of Hodge's peat-cutting machine. Peat occurs in great abundance in many places in the Dominion, but has never been much worked, except in a few localities south of the River St. Lawrence and not far from Montreal. The bogs which have for some years been worked by the Canada Peat Fuel Company are situated at St. Hubert, in Chambly county, about ten miles from Montreal, and at Ste. Brigide, about ten miles from the town of St. Johns, on the Richelieu River. The peat is entirely extracted and prepared by Hodge's machines, of which, in 1875, there were two in use at St. Hubert and one 4 at Ste. Brigide. The two at St. Hubert produced 8,000 tons o^ peat during the season, and that at Ste. Brigide 5,000 tons, or 13,000 tons in all. A small propor* tion of this was sold for domestic purposes, chiefly in Montreal, the balance being employed by the Grand Trunk Railway Company in their locomotives. The cor- responding production in 1874 is stated to have been about 20,000 tons, most of which was aleo sold to the Qrand Trunk. The season lasts from the first of |May to the first of Uctober, during which time from .300 to 400 men and boys are employed. On the ground the peat sells for f3.50 per ton, and in Montreal for from $4.00 to $4.25 per ton. At present the enterprising manager at St. Hubert, Mr. David Aikman, is making experiments, the object of which is to improve the manufacture of the fuel. For further information the reader is referred to the reports of the Geological Survey, and to Percy's Metallurgy, where full details concerning Hodge's process will be found. — Alluvion. 2. Huntingdon, Q The Huntingdon Peat Company {limited). a. Nine specimens of pea* prepared according to " Griffin's patent." The Huntingdon Peat Company commenced operations in 1875, and made about 400 tons of ekcellent peat on the "Tea Field," four miles from Port Lewis on the ^* DE8CBIPTIVE CATALOGUE. road to Huntingdon, but became inaolrent, and were sold out before the autumn According to Griffin's process the peat is first pulped, then drained in crates made of iron bars set half an inch apart, and finally moulded into brick8.-^/Zttt;ion ii V t U iif^ ihii' 1.1/ I III. MINEEALS APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN CHEMICAL MANUFAC- TURES, AND THEIR PRODUCTS. Iron Pyrites. ■J-.' 1 . Elizabethtown, O i Alexander Cowan, Manager of the Brockville l Chemical and Superphosphate Works. a. Specimens of cobaltiferous iron pyrites. ■^ b. Burnt iron pyrites from the kilns of the acid works at Elizabethtown. «. Nitrate of soda (South American), used in the production of sulphuric and nitric acids. d. Nitre-cake, a by-product in the manufacture of sulphuric and nitric acids. e. Salt from Goderich, Ontario, used in the production of hydrochloric acid. /. Salt-cake, a by-product in the manufacture of hydrochloric acid. g. Sulphuric acid (commercial). A. Nitric acid (commercial). t. Hydrochloric acid (commercial.) An important de^Ssit of iron pyrites occurs in connection with the Laurentian 7 '=»«™««vs'"J'," » numoer oi snipments maaa to ^l^Iand. , The mineral was tl 'vWk:^^: ■\^- ■/\' '<^(^iaerei to be of excellent quality and found «ii(ii^y sale at from £S to X9 y^ijoa.'-^Lower Carboni/eroui DESCBIPTIVE CATALOGUE The mem important deposits which are at p; Markhamvp||k, under the direction of the Victoria y^« first djpfned in 1863, since which time abont n^ii^d, theaniual production vatting fr(»|l500 to 1 being eleven iiles from ra^ay transpoShe ore ilSi^ect #"8 'tonjferous limestones of Hants fnd Colchester counties, Nwva contain manga«ifcse ores in irregul«p veins and nodules, and at Teny former county, some years ago, considerable quantities of ore were ^»nd a number of shipments mada to flj^land. , The mineral was ther» per- ^ IV. . MINERAL MANURES, Gypsum. 1. Salt River, 100 niileg N. W. of Fort Cliippewyan . . « Gypsum. ', ' , . J. Geological Survey . 2 P^rie, ; ....Wm. Coleman. • a. Gypsum. b. " prepared for agricultural purposes. c. Fibrous gypsum. Kpared plaster for stucco work. lecimens are from the plaster quantity of plaster made for tons, or ^0,000 l^irrels a year,'which sell plaster, of which from fifty to five hundnfd from fibroDs gypsum ; it sells for ninety-five Vs Wm. Coleman, where lh» purposes, is about 5,000 cents per^barrd; The fin» de annually, is prepared ,— Onondaga formation. % '*, MINERALS OF CANADA. j69 ■3. Mount^ealy, O . . . .^ : j . . Ontario Plaster Co. a. Gypsum. ^ ^ ., > . ^ , *. Rocks immediately overlying and underlyinj^ the gypsuin. e. Calcined plt^ster. ' ' • ' d. Land- / " \ ' ■ The Ontario Plaater Company-is producing annuallyabout the following quan- titles of plaster sit the mines of A. W. thompson, N Cayuga 1,500 tons. - Alex, taylor, North Cayuga 2,000 ■' Thos. Martindale, Oneida j^ooo ■' W. Dpnaldion & Co., Oneida 1,000 '" "^ Other mines together 3,000 " • I , , • ; 9,500 " . - . " ' y. About 1,000 tons of the above is calcined ; the «st being used in the raw stat« y for agricuIturAI purposes. ' The following are the prices obtained:/ ' ■/ Raw pljister for land ^-^.^i per ton. Raw plaster for calcining ...''■ ...$5 " " Calcined plaster $2 per barrel. The gypsum or " plaster" depo^ii^ Ontario belong totheOnondaga formation, and are therefore much older than those of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick which are of Lower Carboniferous age. the Onondaga formation, which is exten- sively developed in northern New Vork, crosses the Niagara River into Canada, and extends north-westward to Lake Huron, a distance of 150 miles, again appearing at the Straits of Mackinac between Lake Huron and Lake Michigan. It not only affords gypsum, biit is also the source of valuable brine springs, and includes magneiian limeitones which are often suitable for the manufacture of hydraulic cement. The principal gypsum mines worked are along the Grand River, between Cajcttga iiinia Paris, a distance of thirty-five miles. The mineral here occurs in lenticular masses varying from a few yards to a quarter of a mile in horizontal diameter, and from three to seven feet thick. Dolomite is foun4 immediately above and below the gypsum, and ia sometimes interstratified in thin beds with it. That above is often arched, forming domes or mounds at the surface indicative ol gypsum beneath. — Onondaga formation. /* ¥ #■ iJ"*?&^''l;;8k^^^""*^'^-^ M"^ Edgar. a. Crude gypsjun. r<^\ '« The deposits of gypsum occurring in New Brunswick are wholly confined to the Lower Car^niferous formation, «ini ai% both numerous and ^tenaive. The largest one« at present 'known aij^those of Hillsboroufh in Albert county, where extens^e quarries have been opened, an^i irherfce enormoua quantities have been a%d ar^ill being removed for calcinaUoU and exportation. The mineraMs usually met with in very irregular masses, asaiieiated with red marls, sandstones and limestones, at or near t^.sianmit of t^^eries, and varies mucjh in Character. Thus at eill8borough\in the ij^arries now belnl worked,there ia exposed a Ltil bead -of rock of from ninety to one hund«d feet,_of whi< J more decidedly reddish colour than in the localities first described, ■With the exception of the Hillsborough rock, the gypsum fron» the localities above noticed is employed simply for application to the soil, and mostly for local use ; from Hillsborough, however, where extensive works have Bfen i/operation for a number of years, large quantities are annually exported, bod in /the raw and cal- cined condition. The present productive capacity of the^ W|6rks is about 600 barrels per diem, giving employment in the quarries and mlllsi/'to about one hun- dred and twenty-five bands. ■ ' / The price of the Hillsborough plaster, crude, ground, is at present seventy-five cent^ per bbl., duty free, while that of the calcined is $1/10 per bbl., subject in the United SUtes to a duty of twenty per cent. The r6ck from Petitcodiac,. delivered on the Intercolonial R.R..is seventy cents per bbl., or forty cents per bbl. in bulk.— Zower Carboniferoui. 5. Petitcodiac, Westmorland County, N.B. a. Crude gypsum (fibrous). 6. Prepared gypsum, ground for land. ■ Amasa^ Brown. , 'i c. Selenite. 6. Hillf-borough, N.B , a. Blocks of gypsum. b. Calcined gypsum (from a.) «• " " after setting. d. Cube of laminated, gypsum, /X-." " anhydrite. /• Alabaster. t Manufacturing Co. ..\ S.H.SweetJ 7. Wentworth, Hants County, N.S a. Gypsum for calcining. ' b. Anhydrite. , '' e. Blue gypaom used for agricultural pmpoaes. ' d. Oypaum containing nodules of olexlte, howlite and cryptomorphite. . * M In connection with the Lower Carboniferons limestones of Nova Scotia there are enormous deposita of gjpsnm, alternating or in some cases mixed with anhy> ^^ -drlt e . The gypsum i» known at trftptatttrmiad irclagsified as while and Wim, tUB- I V , MINERALS OF CANADA. 71 t tbe Mine point ilabuter are also* iparatively little about forty rods, ghly crystalline, hrough its entire long the stream fibrous, and of ^ t localities abore It for local use ; r operation for a the raw and cal- rks is about 600 > about one hun- fonner being best adapted for calcining, while that which is of a blue (jr grey colour answers as well as the white for a^cultural purposes. On account of its greater hardness the anhydrite is known as hard plotter, and is generally regardedf as a waste product of the quarries, although occasionally employed for structural purposes. To give an idea of the thickness of the deposits it may be mentioned that there are cliffs of solid snowy white gypsam from lOOto 200 feet high. Considerable quantities have been quarried for many years.the largest proportion being shipped to the United States. In 1875 the shipments to the United States amounted to 95,159 tons, valued at $95,907. The specimens exhibited from VVentworth are from important quarries owned by Mr. Sweet, and only a mjle distant from the point of jbipment. — Lower Carbomjerou/. 8. Montague, Hants County, N.S . . ; Joseph McLennan. a. Gypsum. ■f The Montague quarry has only been recently opened. The deposit of gypsum is supposed to be the lowest bed in the series in the Windaor trough. It rests oni^ coarse grits which repose on the black slates overlying the gold-bearing rocks.— Lower Carbonijerout. ^ ■4 9. Newport. N.S Nova Scliia Adohory a. Gypsum. S 10. Shubenacadie, N.S > Nom Scotia AdvUory Board. a. Gypsum. ■ J ' ■ '- 9. Claremont Hill, N.S James Cove. a. Gypsum. , / ; / ^ This locality is about a i^ile and a half sot^th of Salt Springs BtM|ttP'l|ilft Intercolonial Railway. Quantities have been dug for local use for tti^^MpI^ years. — Lower Carboniferoui. .S.H. Sweet: }Ta Scotia there Jzed with anby> tr«BndiiiM tu» 11. Oxford, River Philip, N.S A.J. pill, C.E., Sydney, Cape Breton. a. Selenite or foliated gypsum. b. Massive gypsum. t The selenite occurs in a cliff fifteen to twenty feet high, associated with red clay,, soft red and greenish sandstones, and considerable quantities of massive gyp- sum. River Philip flows at the base, and undermines the cliff, so that large quantities are constantly falling. Vast deposits of gypsum occur in this vicinity, and stretch eastward across the coiSntry to and beyond the Pugwash Rirer, and westwatd J 1 5 I' //>* St'.. /y ■•V '// /I /y i-* "'^// r 'PlE«C< ,'"■(' ''..'■ ■ .. »•'' // •- ■' /'"-■' / ,/ /- / '1 ' "■y/ M Timet |[Jdve,,WaWa<>e fla'rtxK, K-S/ .'.'.'/. /) ",/' ■f' """'/" //a-'SpetiBiefls^ IU11.->L, '"'■(,. II a4. '' ' /> " ' ; vv '"':•• " ■ "":'S^:. ,.,¥*■;,■ f"«Oft'rqttar;y ft^iWi^tedfeetweitii ^.^u^rter and i'^bftl/i'^mHe ^rom tKfe " •■ » /l ■ ' ^'^Mi' "'■/'' '' ('?"*'r*°°- |''«'«'^*efearriagr«?:Wa"eWi8genMallya|*#Bt$^^^^^^ ' L / '' ^(- :; '■ . '^.'/V^' f " /■ ' '." ,. . ^ ?¥T*»«»?'*ter« for from 13:75 ui' I4.O0 per U^lm^^^onti^. " .. .>•',,")."■•' • (^ '■ - ■■' """.. '" -•' '' " .. ■■ ■ ' '^ ;■ '' /. ■ ■' , . ^^ .'"A ■"■,;■ "■ a. Qfifum. ■"■ " '■ ■ -^ ^ » ';,"" ''',■■' ^ '■.• ' . ■ , .."■ '' ■' "v J^it locality is* mite and a half "east ftom Salt Springs, station on tbe inter- «t)toi».al jRailway. FiW hundred barrels were calcined be*? fn 1874, and oneThun- ;; , t ::S **"!** "P '" Augoiftin 1875. A few hundred barrels 5^ previously sold on 4^ , m»K»o«ner(7af6«n^bo*^ -^ ::■ 114.;;^ntigoni8h,N.8. ,, . «; Oypsum. .John A. Converse, Montreal. / b. PlMttrofI>«rU. jfi, Oroun«i|5^gtiiiB ready for calcjiring. ;.Conwir»e calcines at iiswoiika inc^Montreal six charges of twenty barrels gg twi^four hou* The plaster sells for $2.60 per barrel in small lots and ^n quantities of fi^y<^r more barrel8.-i.<,a«r CarbZi/erou, . .^^ ^^*' ^'^ • ' •^-■^'- ^' ^cJfoiaW, immatimal ]tfine,CB- ': [ a\Gypa\im. / •* *"'^^^,' ■ .' 90- ^ '.,"' 1 an?'rii^ir*''?^*,J^^**'4^*"»'^^'"'"' ^'<''*"''' •i^'not, it isstated. usu- and of no ..^I^"^akf- f^^ '^^ sA^^fication is evident the deposit U thjn andofnogreat^ni^K^ |-,ome pKweslthasafaceof 200 feet ; inVtherslfig 3 ^rf^t? * '^FfW.''"^- ^''°"* ^'"^ '<*"« '^'''« "<*" shipped this year. vAMf the gypsigftSaised (ftring -the past Mro years has been sent to New York tTS^-'hrf h" f^''^'^'^« «f''°''««»- *«• Othe^ quarries hare been opened in' thef^igbborhood, from which a large quantity has been.exported.-Z<„«r Car4o„. 16. Cape Bretot... ^,,„ Scoiia Afvisorj, Board \ r a. Oypsum. • ' ' ■IT /', ' . ,y * » ■■' ' '' I » ■ /I /I 1 ■ ■ »/ l> *' ' MINERALS ^p Canada; /' i3 SheU Marl. Rfltkwootl, Ow./i.,..V...".,. ■ Geological Survey. a. Shell marl. This U i^om a itrstum three feet thick underlying three feet of peat ia the nelgbbourbood of the Eramosa branch of the Green Rlvtt.—AUut/ion. Belleville, O II- Teomans, Bellei?ille, O. ^^. Shell marl. : This deaosit does not appear to be eitenaiTe. The ahelUyObie'ri^fa ^^e,* Vahala, .., PifirfiufnJri/yimcMM^nd ai£ undetermined X/imfia!a.—4^£B«i(Mi<. ^ ',/ '/) /' ■■■■■' M , >) ... ■• ■ ,1 f son Hungerford, lot 33, range 1 ........ Ontario AdmoiTJ^BoaM, T^fron^. ^ o. Shell marl, -• , '' ', " •• The deposits of this substance are rerf cpmtooh thniV/gbfJiit easwilPnt»rio, ^ forming the beds of many lakes. — AUmiotjf ■ <• ' ,' % N 'ir, V. MINERAL PIGMENTS AND DETERGEN"TS. «-i«.i* on Ochres, &c. 1. Waleingham, O., lot 12. range 14 Buchanan Mineral^ a. Raw ochre, yellow. * A. Prepared yellow, " metallic." c. Raw sienna. d. Prepared brown, " metallic." «. " red, " ilton> O. f. Burnt sienni g. Prepared atone drab. A. " yellow " i. " piuk " f» 2. Brantford, 0., lot 3, rang^ G. B. Hall, Qtiaec. a. Grade black ochre. / I. Prepared io.— Alluvion. -jVii. ,»•>»".-*' , ..H ■v^trj.ij/i V ,' . f /;V '«osit 13 thua Ita form ! lower side om it with- at the 3ur- ir. Iq this low, but is n. MINERALS OP CANADA ./ ,77 Quebec. i N.S, •vi *< :•«* 6.' » f>^ '■4 * , L.S.' , -t^ betweea -omea is 150 feet. r on tec- a wi^th t .' i M * ". ft , ( ■ \ ..lA .^ > *'■ occiiM,one-third of which consista'cf white barytes in bands from two to six feet thicli, paf»lIet*'to the walls of the vein, the remainder of which is crystalline calc-spar holding some silver granceand native silver.— A'lixoon or Gopper-bearintr Sent). . " tr n Galway, Ontario Advisory Board- a. Baryles. , ' / * #. • ■ / . . m Gal.way, O '.r. , Guhrcfi, Lead Mining Co., Peterborough. a., Barytes. ... \ t Korth Burgees ,0 fi f Geological Survey. ' a. White barytes. Hull, Q, lot '!, range 10 Geological Survey. a. Barytes, crashed. '.\ - ■ ^f ■ A beautiful y«in of this mineral occurs on the west half of the .seventh lot in the tenth concession of the township of Hull four miles from the Gatineau River. It varies in width from two to three and a half feet, and was traced for upwards of 100 yards in a N'. N. W. direction. The adjacent rock ia a ' highly^ jffyatalline white limestone #riking X. .22° 30 E. and dipping to the south-easjjward qt a steep angle. Th? barytes is of ap opaque white colour, and is associated with sea-green fluor-spar, which occurs chiefly towards the"' puter «dgesu of ftfe vein. This fluor-spar is hardly in aufficicnt quantity to detract from the value of the barytes^ besides when ground it forms a powder almost as white as the latter. — Laurtntian. ■",■."•'■'' * Five Islands, N.S Dolphin ManvfuQiuring Co., >^i}Catharines, O., a. Crystallized barytes. ^P^ ^r■ ' This is used in the manufacture of|J>Hint^by the " Dolphin .\tanufacturing Co." 'of which Mr. G. M. Bligh is the ma,nager. The bar.vtes is qbtained «t» Ftve Islands, but the Colour and Chemical Works of the company are &t !^'t. Catharines, Out. — Lower Carbofii/erous. ." t, • Vfel 5 kiver, Five Islands, N.S James H. Ackerly, Fivf Island, N.S. a. Barytes with copper ore. « ' ^ f TBii mine ts sitvated two milM up Baas River, and ia owned by Mesirt:' ' Copland, L^man, Holmes and Daniela of Boston] Eight hundred tons -tf crude bafytea werp.ahipped in 1874-5At ajAad^H^j^v^ue of $10.00 per t^nif.wben ifroilnd it ia aaid t« be worth 130.00 per ton.— ^tr m m m 11 Hi' 1^'. 2. Kincardine, O Bnice Suit Co. Brine. /. Salt cake from salt pans. \ Analyses of b., c. and d. b. Sodium chloride... 97.8401 Culcium sulphate 1.1568 Magnesium chloride. 1 0.0480 Water... ; 0.9095.V- Insoluble matter... .<. 0.0150 e. 98.2778 1.25f5 d. 98.7^93 1.3642 0.0078 0.6832 0,0160 0.0168 0.3289 0.0170 99.9694 100.2363 100.4662 The value of th^ plant and works owi^ed by this Company, in 1874 was $5000. there was a force of thirty-three hands, working eight months, and'a pay-roll of ^^ $1,158.30 per mQntfti'The quantity of salt manufactured in 1873 was 57,0^6 {Sarrels, '• % which sold at an average Vrice of ninety-six cents per barrel. The production is annually increasing, being for the past year from 90,000 to 100,000 barrel^.— Onon- daga formation. > \ •10. SeafoHh, O .' MerchantASalt Company. ■ a. Salt. " ' '■ . " ' ' ' ■ . The production of buH by this Company in- 1873 was 50,000 barrels, Valued at $47,500. The value, of ihe plant and works in 1874 was $45,000, the number ot I .^•"*°^'' employed twenfy-six, and their nay-roll $912.60 p«ir month, working eight montlhg in the year. The greater part (Jf the salt was sold in C«n8d8,-0Dly 3 500 bar- - rels, going to the UoitedStates. The'ulaily capacity of the works is 300 barr^ . ' • perday., ■ ^^ • ^ -,„_„■' T y'^^ 'vi..^ V .» :,- ■■^'■■i.. *«.--».'♦ ^(^ ff %> ♦ -;..■;•'■ V Union, O. ■'% during the ;h sold for production an average uinlock. MINERALS OF CANADA. SI 11. Seaforth, ; 4^ . X^*^ ' ■ • ^''^"^ **" Sp<"'Ung. ||P a. Fine salt. i. Coarse salt. J, . " ' Analyses-of a. and 6. . > Sodium chloride ...Jf.... 99.46 ^ 95.8838 Calcium sulphate ..., 1.29 1.3230 -. Magoegium chloride O.OO 0.2660 WMer 0.58 2.3946 Insoluble matter 0.04 . 0.0010 —^.^ .^ 100.37 99.8684 NoTB.— From the carefully compiled tables of Mr. J. Lionel Smith, we learn that in 1874 the capiul invested in the salt interest in Ontario was $624,000, the value of plant and works being $571,838. The total production of fine salt in 1873 was 438,076 barrels, and of coarse salt 13,500 barrels, val ued at $436,218 ; of which 226,576 barrels were sold in the Dominion and 2^25,o6^j|rrel8 in the Unit** States. Ttere were also manufactured about 3,040 tons of Wfcd salt, valued 'at $8,360. The «;OB8umption of wood for. that year was 50,635 cords, valued- at $143,096, and the amount paid foe wages was $89,524,24. Since that time, owing to vari- ous causes, the price has declined, but at many of the wells the returns show a con- siderable increase in the production, thotrgh the absence of official returns for the ;past two years xenders it diffiault to make a complete report for that period. The surffice-rock in the Ontario Salt region belongs to the Corniferous formation, al- ■fhough the bfine is believed ih all cases to couje from the underlying Onondaga formation. " ' ' ' w ' r \ m ■t: '»: I if * t ■■'i t d. 8.7^93 • 1.3642 ' 0.0168 0.3289 0.0170 0.4662 vaa $5000. lay-roU of h tSarrels, luction is B.—Onon- npany. Valued at umber ot ing eight ; 500 bar- 10 barr^ , Geological Smcey. \ 12,. Sussex, N.B ....... . .... ..j 'o. Salt.- '„ . *' b. Brine. '- ' ^ ■ c. .Residue from-cryst»llizing pans. ^ _ **' ' ' J. rf;- Sail scales. Brin» springs' qf greyer or less strength t)ccur at several places in King's Coun- ty. They are supposed to be derived from a series of bright red sandstones and brownish-red shales, formkig one of the upper members of the Lower Carbonifer- ous formation. Th^ brine obtained from them has been employed for the separa- tion of the contained salt at the Ideality above-named since 1827, but only in a. very rude and qneconomical way, there being no concentration previot^ to boiling, and great \vaste of heat trom improper cbiw^jruction of the ovens. The quantityv< , manufactured per year is very variable ; under favpurable circuiiistiinces, however, it,i*cache^ sixty to seventy bushels per week, but might readily be increased to 300 " bushels per week. Its consumption is entirely local, chiefly>in the m'anufacture of .' ibutter, for which it is preferred by, the formers, to all imported'salts. ^The pricp at " ' 'Busscx is $1.20 per bushel, or $4.00 per barrel of four.bushels.— lower Carbonifer- out. '13. Apohaqui, N.B. a.Salt. • , Joseph fi. Sharp. M •:*\ "■■ -.w . '.■ « , ■^- P" i'|- 82 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 14. Card well, N.B. a. Salt. ' Thomas Mercer. 15. Salt Springs, Cumberland County, N.S /. Hickman, Amherst, N.S, a. Saline water. This water ia from a spring 2J miles east of Springhill Mines. Salt haa hottt manufactured here in a small way for about twenty years. The yield of afklt is one bushel from-100 to 120 gallons of brine.— Cardoni/eroia. ' Minetal Waters. '■ - ' I -i 1 . .Goderich, .....*; a. Mineral Wirter from the Harbor well. Mr: Si- . Geological SurvQ/, 2. Paris, O ^ Geological Survey, a. Mineral water (sulphur). This water was obtained from a spring on the property of Mrs. Capron, ne» Smith's Creek bridge. It has not been analyzed. 3. St Catherines, O I a. Mineral water (Faline.) . Geological Survey, 4. Gillan'e Spring, Pakenham, Fitzroy Township, Geological Survey. a. Mineral water, (saline). — Ca.lc\ferout/ormalion. 6. Ca'edonia Springs, O. a. 'Mimral water, (gas). *. " " (saline), f. . " " (sulphur). A .J. A, Gouin d- Co., Caledonia Springs. U¥ 111 i . •''<»&*, MINERALS OF CANaM. 83' The foUawing analyses of these different waters wfere made many years'ago- by Dr. T. B. Hunt. . ' * 12 3 Chlorid of sodium •* 6.9675 6.4409 3.8430 " " potassium y •• - -PSOO .0296 .0230 « Bromid of sodi um /. 0150 .0169 .0100 lodid " " .0005 .0014 traces Sulphate of potash 0053 .0048 .0183 , Carbonate of soda .- 0485 .1762 .4558 Carbonate of lime ......1480 .1175 .2100 ^ " "magnesia " . •5J62 .5172 .2940 " " iron traces traces traces Alumina ........'. ,•■•■••' -0044 nndet. .0026 « giiica J 0310 .0425 .0840' In.aOOO parts water 7.7773 7.3470 4.9407 Specific -Krt-Tity .' lOOq.2 1005.8 1003.7 (1) Caledonfii Gas Spring. 2. Saline Spring. 3. Sulphur Spring.— rrenion formation. • 6. St. Francis Springs, Q J. A. Qee, Melbourne. b. Mineral water, (saline).— QufftfC Group. - • • 4,: M' If' CaproD, neas VII. / ./" « ill i..S ,'il MATERIALS APPLICABLE TO COMMON AND DECORATITE: CONSTRUCTION. W'\ aOILDlNG STONES. MONUMENTS, &c. Limestones. 1 . Texada Island, B.C a. Two six-inch cubes of limestone, dressed. 'geological Survey. At- the north-wegtern end of Texada Island, crystalline limestojies are well exposed along the c(i&t, for a distance of about seven miles. They are white dove-grey, and bloish in colour, and reseno^le those of Mount Mark on Vancouver Is- land ; some of the white, however, being of rather finer texture. The beds are traversed by numerous joints, so that in most places it would be difficult to obtain sound blocks of large dimensions.— Car6onj/«roiM ? 2. GoJerich.O .< . A six-inch cube of limestone. dr«t«ed. .John ffytk^. • f.*. J ' "There are about thirty feet of this stone exposed in a cliff at Mr. Hyslop's qaarry, in bedafrom three to- six. feet thick, and large blocks can be easily obtained. The annual production varies according to the demand, being from 1,jOOO to 3,600 cords. At the quarry, rubble ^la for $2.00 per cord, and stone fit for dressing for $6.00 per cord. The stone makes good lime, but is chiefly used for building purposes. The piers of the Maitland Bridge at Qbderich and the Goderich jail are built 6( it. — CqTnifirout formation, Devonian. \ 3. St. Mary's, O. Gemiogical Survey . a. A six-inch cube of limestone, dressed. 1 .1 It, l:h i 4. Dowhey's Rapids, Hog Lake, O .". . Wallbridge Bros., Belleville. a. Two six-inch cubes of limestone, dressed. ' b. Window sill. ^ These limestones are from t(n escarpment about one hundred feet high which runs along the south shore of Hog Lake. The pale drab specimen is from near the base of the escarpment, and occurs in a bed twelve to fourteen inches thick. Its geological horizon is probably the same as that oT tflfe lithographic stone of Marmora. The brownish-grey limestone is from a bed between eighty and « hundred feet higher in the series, the intervening beds being of poor quality, The window aill is from the same escarpment. Small quantities of tUese stones have been quarried and used in the construction of Wallbridge's mills at Downey's Rapids. Window sills or stones for coping can be obtained more than ten feet in length. — Birdseye and Black River formation, Lower Silurian. eiDg from cord, and me, but is t Qbdericli MINERALS OF CANADA. 85 6. Ramsay, 0.,^gK range 6. . . .' ,.,.,.... .^,,. Geological Survey. a. A six-inch cube of serpentfntflimestone, dressed. „' If This bandsome stone^ias never been quarried, but co'iM be obtained in blocks of large size —i,auren(ia/i. m Survey. ■lleville. Raumay , O., lot 24, range 8 Geolo.jical Survey. «. A six-inch cube of crystalline limestone, dressed. The quarry from which this stone is derived is situated close to the Indian River. Here the limestone occurs in great thickness. It is white, highly crystal- line, and contains scales of grajihite. It has been extensively quarried for lime burning, and small quantities have been employed in Pakenham and Almonte for foundations and facings of buildings. — Laurenttan. w ^i' igh which 'rom near hes thick. stone of a hundred e window have been 'a Rapids, length.— Survey. supposed large flag- rds "gt^du- s and any ierlaid oy ling large an exten- alternate sepiinated it magne- white : h, and foj S. Rani.'blarand rubble, and in the three months ending February, 1876, over 20,000 cubic feet of stone were quarried and dressed for the tower of the west block of the Parliament^uildings. The pritfe of the cut stone at the quarries is ft5m thirty Ho eiuhty-five cents per cubic foot, according to the size of the blocks; and $5.00 ftr toise for ashlar — Chazy formaUon. Grenville, Q Geological Survey.. a. Two six-inch cubes of crystalline limestone, dressed. From the great band of Laurentian limestohe called by Sir William Logan the '• Grenville band," and estimated by him to have an average thickness of 75o feet. The quarry from which the specimens were obtained is situated about half a mile from the Calumet mills, and both varieties of stone were employed in the con- struction of the Northern Colonization Railroad bridge over the Calumet River.— Laurentian, M. Lachute, Q., (McGregor's quarry) • Geological Survey. a. A six-inch cube of crystalline limestone, dressed!' ■ An extensive outcrop of the Grenville band occurs on the farm of Mr. McGregor, near Lachute, anil has recently afforded large blocks of stone for the piers of the Northern Colpnization Railway bridge over the North Riyer. It conUins brown tourmaline in irregular grains and crystals, mica, numerous scales of graphite, and more rarely quartz and magnetic pyrites. — Laurentian. 16. Points Claire, Q ' R- Forsyth, Montreal. a. Two six-inch cubes of limestone, dressed. » < The beds of limestone quarried at Poin^ Claire are from one to three feet thick, and belong to the lower pottian of the Trenton group. The stone Is com- pact and dark grey to black in colour. It was used .in the construction of the piers of the western half of Victoria Bridge, the blocks obtained for this purpose weighing from four to seven tons each. At present the quarries are only worked on a very limited aiaXi.—Birdseye and Black River formation, Lov>h Silurian. i ' / # MINERALS OF CANADA- \ 87 16, CaagliriR^axa, Q a. A six-inch cube of liraesione, dreasedi .Oeologkal Survq/. The Caughnawaga quanta we on land* belonging to the Indiana, and at one lime fuTniahcd large quantities of stone for the upinsr locks of the Lachine canal, aad' those of the Beauharnois canal, Subsequently they we««nly now and then worked, and that on a very limited scale ^ but at present considerable quantiUes of atone are being obtained from them to be used in the enlargement of the locks on the-Lachioe canal. The bedrare from nine inches to three feet thick.- Chazj/ formation. n. terrubonne, Q. # Worthington ■■. t'-^ - if /i j4 »^ •k V- IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 l^|28 2.5 LI 11.25 •^ 1^ 1 2.2 ^ lis IIIIIM 1.8 U IIIIII.6 -^ nrJi *■ U •.*■«•,.• Sciences Corporation . / / h /. {./ ,> ♦.J 1 1 ♦.J • • -, -- » * ■« ' • • > • ^ c-- # y *. / * ■■**•- ' . . •! , • ■_'.... / '■ii- '."V U j ;:J:-: 88 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 21. St. Armand.Q..... ......Joseph Brunei, Montreal. a. A six-inch cube of limestone, -dressed. — QUebec Group. 22. Parrsboro', N.S Geological Survey. a. A six-inch cube of limestone, dressed. This stone is from the Kirkpatrick qnarrjr, two and a-half miles north-west of Parrsboro'. The bed is about sii feet thick, running east and west for half a mile ; the stone is in layers of from four inches to two feet, thick and dipping north ^ <69^. It is used in Parrsboro', for foundations, bridges, ita.—Loaer Carboniferout f Dolomites. 1. Rapid8 of the Red River, above ^ione \ Barclay S: Morrison, Stomj Moun- Fort, Manitoba / fain, Manitoba. a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. 2. Stony Mountain, Manitoba , Barclay A: MorrisoA. , a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. 3. Owen Sound Geological Survey. s, a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. This beautif\il and enduring stone can be obtained in unlimited quantities, th» formation fr«m which it is deriTed being here 150 feet in thickness, and divided into beds Tarying from a few inches to six feet. The stone poisesgea the rery great advantage of being free from any substance producing stains, and its ctlour seems rather to improve after weathering. It is especially adapted for heavy masonry, and blocks of any required size can be obtained. The quarries are about half a mile from the hAzbom.— Niagara formation, Middle Silurian. Geologicai^urvey, 4. Ghielph, O a. A gix-incb cube of dolomite, dressed. The Gaelph formation which immediately succeeds the Niagara formation in Western OnUrio, is largely developed in the neighbourhood of Guelph and Gait. It is made nD,of pure dolomites, which though generally porous are neverthelesft IT r;'*" ^i roey. MINERALS OF' CANADA. 8» coherent and well sailed for boildiDg purposes. At Guelph, where the beds are from foor inches to two feet in tbickoess, there are nine quarries in ihe imipedif t» vicinity of the town, and large quantities of stone are 'quarried, blocks ffutablefor dressing selling for aM}u1 forty cents per cnbic {iiol.—Gutlph/ormalion, Middle Silurian. 5. RockwcHxl, Eramo^a, O Henry Strange. c a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. • This specimen is also from the Niagara formation, which is bere more than 100- feet thick. The greaterpart of it consists oy.tbick-bedded, light grey, porous, crys- talline dolomite. The beiOs Tary from a few inches tp ten 'feet in thickne^; about thirty feet being almost white. Buildings of cut it^ obtained from this 'band are observed to improve in colour after,;iexposure, and at a short distance, have a silvery white appearance. The piers of the long railway viaduct over the valley of the Eramosa, at Rockwood, are built of stone from this fomifltioD, and have a very substantial appearance. — Niagara format ion, Middle Silurian. Dundas, O .' E. A- C. Farquhar, Toronto. a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. The quarry of Messrs. Farquhar is only a short distance from the Dundas rail- way station. The beds bere are from three inches to three feet thick, the total thickiitss being febout sixty feet. A specimen like that exhibited was found to contain carbonate of lime 51 85. carbonate of magnesia 41.65, carbonate of iron 0.68 and insoluble matter 5,88. The stone ia chiefly used for making lime, and for road metal which sells for ten dollars per toise. — Niagara/ormalion, Middle Silurian . 7 . Cayuga, O a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. Cfeohgical Survey. .^ From Or. B. Baxter's quarry, lots ten and eleven of " Jones'" traet" on the west side of the Grand River. The stone ia a greyish-drab dolomite containing remains of Eurypterut rtmipet. Some of the beds are as much as two teet thick, but those worked are only from three to twelve inches. The stone is used almost entirely for rubble Work, from two hundred to four hundred cords being gold annually at from $2.00 to 2,50' per cord. — Lower titldtrbtrg formation, Upper Silurian. ,j't ill' .Robert L. Gibson. 8. Grimsby, O a. Six-fticb cube of dolomite, dressed. The atone overlies the Clinton and Medina sandstones. At Mr. Gibson's quarry there are six beds exposed, ranging from one to three feet in thickness. It has bSen used for ordinary building purposes, and in the construction of abut- menti, Ac , for railway bridges. At the quarry it sells for from f 3.00 to $3.50 per 90 . DESCRIPTIVE CATALOpUE. cubic yard, undressed, and-for $6 00 dressed. A specimen like that exhibited wis analyzed and found to contain, carbonate of lime 68.92, carbouate or matnesia . 29.48, carbonate of iron 1.10, and insoluble va&\.le:T0.50.—A'iagara/ormation, Middle ISlurian. Geological Survey. 9. ^eckwith, . a. A Six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. This greyish-brown dolomite is from the quarries of Mr. McEwaa on the tenth and eleventh lots of the ninth tAn^ of Beckwith. It is used chiefly for window and door sills ; bUy the round-houie at Brockville, as well as bridges and culverts along the line of the Brockville and Ottawa railway, are built of it .Blocks 3 x 3 x 15 feet can be easily obtained. Ordinary window sills, dressed, sell for about $2.00 each, and rubble for $5.00 per cord, delivered at the railway station close by. — Valci/erou$ formation, Lower Silurian. • 10. Bell's Corners, Nepean ,0 Geological Survey. a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. The beds at this quarry are from three to twenty inches thick, and capable of affording large blocks of stone. — Calci/e roue formation, Lower Siluriin. 11. McNabj; 0., lot 9, range 14 Eric Harrington Arnprior. a. A six-inch cube of dolomite, dressed. at^l^ua The quarry from which this stone was obt&i(il9|HVtuated close to the shore of the Lac des Chats, about two miles from tb^ month of the Mad^waska River; but has not been worked for many years. Ther^tre several beds about eight inches thick exposed, of a brownish-grey colour aiM containing numerous geodes of calc- spar. A specimen from one of th«m was analyzed and found to., contain 52 per cent, of ^parbonate of lime, and 4^88 per cent, of carbonate of magnesia. The Calciferous dolomites are extensively developed in the triangular area between the Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers, and have been quarried for building purposes in a great many localities. They are very durable, but are liable to assume a yello^h tinge on weathering. — Calcijerout formation. Lower Silurian. i Sandstones. ^ 1 . Newcastle Island, B. C Vancouver Coal Company. a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. Among the coal-bearing rocks of Newcastle Island there are beds of brownish- grey sandstone wliioh aflbrd excellent material for building and flagging stones. The uppermostcbeda are of the best qaality, and it waa from onf of these that stone was obtained by Mr. B. E. Emery of San Francisco for thfr construction of portions of the mint in that city. Blocks for pillars were taken ont, which, after dressing, \-:\n- .ills:,! MINERALS OF CANADA. 91 ■© were twenty-seven feet six inches in length, and three (e^ ten inches in diameter. ETen-Burfaced flagstones, as much as ten feet square, have also been obtained, and are easily quarried ; and it is not unlikely that some of the measures will afford good grindstones. The building stone dresses freely, and will probably pre- serve its appearance, as natural causes seem to produce little effect upon it.— Crtla- 2. Nanaimo, B. C .' Vuncouve)- Coal Company. a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. From ao extension of the beds occurring on Newcastle Island. The quarry was opened in the spring of 1875, but little work has yet been done. Large blocks could be easily obtained.— Cretaceous. 3. Oneida, 0.,'lot 48, range 1 William De Cew. a. A six-ipch cube of sandstone, dressed. This sandstone is from a band which runs through Haldimand county, and is largely developed on the Oneida and North Cayuga town-line, Mrth of the Talbot Road. It occurs in beds from one to four feet thick, and Mr.^'ilUam De Cew's quarry from which the specimen was obtained has a face of twelve feet./ The stone is largelyjpiployed for building purposes, for which, when fine-grained, it ia well adapted. Recently it has been proposed to use it for glass^maktng.— O^wftany formation, Deifonian. "*»c 4. Grimsby, ♦... Robert a. Two six-inch cubes of sandstone, dressed. . L. Gibson. There are about sixtfeen feet of this mottled red and grey sandstone, ija beds about four feet thick. A large quantity of the stone has been employed % the great Western Railway Company for the construction of bridges. It is soVd at $3.00 per cubic yard in the itough, $6.00 dressed. Blocks ten' feet lon^ and ftiur feet square can be easily obtained. The specimen is from Mr. Robert L. Gibson's quarry, the annual production of which is about 1,500 cubic yards.— iViWyaro/onnatJon, Middle Silurian. , Enquesing, O., lot 21, range 5 Farjuhar and Booth a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. This is from a bed of light grey freestone, which beloq/gs to a band of abput twenty feet in thickness. The beds are mostly thick, fii;(e.grained and compact ; 86iiie split into good flagstones, but all are rathar hafd for grindstsnei. The stone has been used in constructing culverts on the Grand Trunk Railway, and nume- rous buildings in Toronto, among which are the University and other imporUnt structures, and it appears to answer well. Large quantities of a similar stone have been quarried at Limehouse.— Or»y band, Medina formation, Middle Silurian. #' \^, A 92 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. x': \ ■ "* ' 6. IftBrideV Corner., Rid.au Canal, d. ; Jamt, nou,ley, a. A six-inch-cube of sandstone, dreised. Thig red sandstone is from Mr. HowleVs quarry at McBride's Ooraers, about twelve miles from Kibgston. The beds are>om two inches ^o two feet in thickness and some of them afford tiagstoneg. Small quantities of the stoie hare been used for building purposes in ilontit^l-PodJam Jhftnation, Lowtr Silurian. ■ Geological Survey. T. L\-n, Elizabethtown, 0., lot 26, range 2 .,. . . a. A foot cube of sandstone, dressed. \ Massive beds of sandstone are seen to rest upon the Lanrentian gneisses at Lyn, near Brockville. They have been quarried for many\ years, and a portion of tho stone employed in the construction of the Parliameniv Buildings at Ottawa waff . derived from them.— /"oriiam formation, Lower Siluriah 8. Nepean, 0., lot 6, range 2. : H. Bish)g, Bell's Comers, J a. 'A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. ' The fine quarry from which this sandstone was obtained is o\the property of Mr. H. Bishop, and from it the largest part of the stone used in tKe construction ■ of the Parliament buildings at Ottawa was derived. In Ottawa thefouj^ ashlar sells for $28.00 per toise, and sills in the rough for thirty-eight cents p€r cubic foot. Blocks are now being quarried, 10 x 4 x 4 feet, and much larger onek could be ohtaiDea.—l^otsdain formation, Lower Si/urian. -' V 9. BellV Corners, Nepean, 0.. lot 12, range 7 Geological Surve;^ a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. The qifcrry from which this stone was derived is only worked on a very smalt scale at present. — C hazy formation. Lower Silurian. • \ \ Geological Survey. 10. CFlouceeter, County of Carleton, O a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. \ From Skead's quarry, near Brockville, about four milesfrom Ottawa. The stone ia tery fine-grained and if la, brownish-grey colour, and would make handsome build- ings. It appears, however, to be difficult to quarry, the blocks obtained being of verX irregular form owing to the somewhat conchoidal fracture. A dressed speci- men, iftbout seven feet long, may be seen in the coping of the wall round the grounds of the parliament Buildings at Ottawa; but it can only be distinguished from the adjoininS! blocks of Ohio stone by Its finer texture. The quarry has only been open- ed a sbofb^time. — Chazy formation, Lgicer Silurian. \ 11 Pembroke, O^, . A Blx-inchN:ube of sandstone, dressed. , Geological Survey^ .\i_ \ '■ ■i ■-iV" ■ ■ \, . . J \ , \ \ MINERALS OF CANADA. 93 1 I WM HowUif. Comers, about eet in thicknesSr re been used for an. i Tfce quarry from which thia fine stone is obtained is in the vicinity ef the Allu- Tnette rapids, near Pembroke, and is owned by \\r. John Rankin. The stone occurs in beds from six to twenty inches thick. It is easily worked, and, although soft, is tough, and retains sharp angles. The Pembroke Court House is built of it', and It is sometimes employed for monumental purposes.— CAo/y/orwa^ion, Lovier Silurian. \ ^ ■ \ if ! jical Survq/. 12 Augnientatiorr of GrenviUe, lot 3, range 1 Geological Survey. a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. ' i. 1 i^neigses at Lyo, portion of the at Ottawa war This stone appears to be of good qualify, but very, little of it has as yet been q\ia,iTiiA.—Potsdiitn/ormition. i I 13 Cap Rouze, Q ' Geoloniml '^tn-i-eti I's Comers, 1 o'^* • • •. \fcvLUfytt,(jlt, Kjltt ocu . a. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. f \ I 1; |M t :■ i he property of e coQstructioa 3fou^ ashlar p«r cubic foot, onek could be ■\ V \ - > The Sillei^divRion of the Quebec group affords massive beds of greyish-green sandstone, which is extensively quarried in the vicinity of Quebec. The upper beds there are even, and split well, both with the layers and across them, but the • lower portions are inferior in this respect. The stone has been used in the con- struction of the Quebec jail and maqy other large buildings ; also in par^s of the fortress walls, and for pavements. Delivered on barges, the ordinary building stone sells for twenty cents per cubic foot, while rubble brings about $15.00 per toise. Blocks of large dimensions can be easily obtained, as some of the beds are as much as four feet thick.— SilUry formation, Lovier Silurian. cal Survet/\ - ■ ■ r a a very small 14 . South Quebec (Point Levis), Q. Messrs. Pitlon <^cl,e,ier Union Freestone Company. i • 0. A six-inch cube of sandstone, dressed. i « « ■ ■ -..-y J »- =-. .\.»' =■„ i" \ ^ _ 3.-- - J . -'> - — ^ 94 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 17. Rockland, Dorcliester, N.B Caledonia Freestone Company. .Mesjirs. Roberts Jc Company. , a. A siz-incb cube of sandstone, dressed. 18. Mary's Point, "Hopewell, Albert, N.B a. A sii-incb cube of sandstone, dressed. 19. Sliepon« Company. tsdc Company. irry Company. er member of the ara Scotia. The innaal fhipments tt Rockland were aoo'toDB. Large re. with which thej Dited Htatea thej Dorchester stone chocolate-brown, a of the rock is a ind most durable, locks can readilr t of twenty tons. ' wetting and ez- eld good grind- 515,00 (gold) per per ton, and the ' & Contpany.. 0. Davidson^ ;rt8 on the Inter- Iway bridge over ten worked on a . — Uillttone Orit I. B. Heustis. lities afford fine rom a quarry at UOO yards from an let from the aoi- HINERALS OF CANADA. ^ face vary in thickness from four inches to two feet ; below this there is a massiye bod which, according to Mr. Heustis, is from three to eight feet thicic. It is divided into rectangular masses by joints from six to fourteen feet apart, which ' greatly facilitate the quarrying. The price of the stone delivered ob board vessels in the harbour is from forty to sixty cents per cubic foot. Blocks containing 160 cubic feet have been shipped. The quarry is held by a joint stock company which wag organ- ized in March, 1873, with a capital stock of $60,000.00, divided into 600 shares. According to the Report of the Department of Mines, of Nova Scotia, the expor- tation of building stone from that Province was considerably reduced in 1875. " Pictou only shipped 17 tons, valued at $140.00, to Newfoundland ; Wallace sent 819 tons to Boston, 319 to Newfoundland, 268 tons to Prince Edward Island, 50 tons to Halifax, and 9 tons to Montreal ; valued at $3.00 per ton, $4,611.00. Wal- lace also exported to Prince Edward Island 2,083 tons of rubble, valued at 50 cents a ton, $1,041.00."— Car6ofii/«rou» /ormniion. 23. t^' allace, N. S ...John Beatty. a. A one-foot cube of standstone, dressed. ^ b. A carved capital of the Wallace sandstone, with the angles and tool marks still sharp after thirty years e,xpo«^ure. 24. Pictou, N. S., McKenzie's quarry., Nova Scotia Advisory Board. a. A nine-inch cube of brown sandstone, dressed. b. A nine-inch cube of chocolatt sandstone, dressed. XoT*. — In addition to the «sandBtones and limestones from the places named abdve, the Nova Scotia Advisory Board exhibits eleven dressed specimens of sandstone and two of limestone, from various localities in j^A Scotia. Qranite and Syenite. 1. Victoria, B.C Geological Survey. a. Dressed cube of syenite, cut from ft bonlder. .This specimen was taken from a boulder in the vicinity of Victoria, for con- venience, but it represents a rock which is abundant in the Cascade Range, and which might be easily quarried at many places along the coast of British Columbia. Gkanite is also abundant on the same coast. 2. Kingston, Sort. John Voting, Montreal. a. Specimens of salmon-red syenite. From the east side of the harbour of Kingston. The rock ii exposed for a length of mora than a quarter of a Qiile, with a breadth of upwards of 100 yards, and hag a face of ninety feet, overlboking the barboar. It dresses easily and takes a fine polish.— i/iurcnfian. iir, i II I *^-V ''j^^^c" 96 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. S 3. Por^rth's or Barrow iHland Robert Forsyth, Montreal. a. Afonureent of- .^^'edeatal of ished gyenitt. e, four feet high aad tea incbeg square. b. Two rasea, three feet high and two feet in diameter. e. Two six-inch cubes of syenite, dressed. d. Paring blocl<8. The handsome red syenite of Barrow (now called Forsyth's) Island has long been known to the Geological Survey, and described intjitferent reports, though it was not quarried until a little over two years ago, when the property came into the possession of Mr. R. Forsyth of Montreal, who has since worked it on a mode- rate scale. The island is situated in the St. Lawrence, opposite and about a mile from, the village of Gananoque. It is about twenty apres in'eztent, and the rock in places about thirty feet above the level of low water. The largest columns taken ont as yet are twelve feet in length, but much larger ones will probably be obtained when the quarry is fairly opened up. The stone ia said to be harder than the red granite of Scotland, and takes a very fine -polish. It consists of bright red orthoclase feldspar, bluish-grey quartz, often slightly opalescent, a small quantity of greenish-black or blacic hornblende, and generally a little mica. Mr. Forsyth has quarried quite a number of monuments and columns for archi- tectural purposes, and the waste material baa afforded a large quantity of excel- lent paving blocks which have been laid in some of the streeU of Montreal. The blocks are from eight to twelve inches long, four inches thick and six inches deep. They are shipped at the quarries for about $2.50 per superficial yard. The facili- ties for shipping are all that could be desired, as vessel^^an load direct from the quarry. — Laurenlian. 4. North Burgess, 0., lot 12, raii;|e 5. , . . . a. Specimen of syenite. Ontario Advisory Board. 'f 5. Orenville, Q., lot 2, range 5 Geological Survey. a. A slz-incb cube of fine trained syenite, dressed. b. " " coarse-grained " " These specimens are- from a mass of syenite which occupies an area of '• about thirty-sLx miles in the townships of Grenville, Chatham, and Wentworth. No quarrying has been done, but large blocks could be obtained.— Z,our«nd Atlantic Railway. There i« also a considerablo demand for it for monumental purposes. Mr. tieorge Taylor, of Lineboro. states that bis quarry at Uarlow, in Stanstead, wa« first opened about thirty years ago, ' but has only been worked regularly for ten yaars, duMng whi^ time the demand for the stone baa increased rapidly. In the past year b» iiaa quarried about 5,000 cubic feet, the selling price being about fifty centa per cubic foot, deliTered'OTi--tho cars. — Devonian. 7. 8t. Joseph, Beauc«, Q Geological Survey. a. A six-inch cube of granite, dressed. ^ For practical purposes this rock is classed here as a granite, although not a trae granite, but ] robably a fragmentnl rock made up yf quartz, feldspar and mFca. The band is fifty or sixty teet thick and runs with the stratification^ACar to a band of srrpentjne. It bas been used for millstones, and would prtKiably afford an excellent material for the purposes of construction. — Qutbef Oroup , Lower Silurian. ^ / • 8. St. George, Charlotte County, BC Bay of Fund y Rid Granite Co. a. A monunient of red syenite polished, three feet two inches square at the base, and fifteen feet high. Vitlue f 1000. ft. Four head-stones polished. c Two urns. 9. St. George, N.B William Ingram^ tt, Clock-caae made of syeaite. J 10. Hampstead, Queens County, N.B Geological Survey. a. A foot cube of grey granite, dressed and polished. Granites and syenites of several different shades of, colour and varieties o( texture occur in New Bruniwick, and cover extensive areas. They are mostly, it not wholly, of intrusive origin-, l|>ut appear to represent at least two very distinct periods of intru8io^^n|>r0ckg of the one— characterized usually by grey and dark grey colours, qVfttataining more or les« bbmblende, and not unfrequently magetic iron disseminated in grain8,>^baving probably been produced at least as early as the Lower Silurian era ; while the other, varying jn colour, from a pale pink or gtey to a tawny.yellow or bright red, and usually more or less porphy- ritic, is probiably of Devonian age. Rocks of both these types yield good building maiterialg, but it is in the latter th^it the principal quarries have been opened. Until recently the grey rock alonefwas removed, and simply employed within the province for ordinary copstructive purposes, but the introduction of processes for polishing such rocks, together with a growing demand for brightly coloured granites similar to those of Scotland, c^jiMA'flTfention to be directed to the quarrying and polishing of t)ie red variety. Of this, fextensiv* f)ed3, form- ing a mrtion qfTbe Nerepis range of hills, occur in the county of Charlotte, and have bmi opened in the vicinity of the town of St George, on the Magaguadavic ' River. There is here every facility for the removal and working of tlie stone, blocks cf any size up to -thiity or forty feet in length and four or five feet in thickness being easily obtjiinable(.,il^hile the stream affords at all seasons ample means of transport, as well asafi almost illimitable water-power. Works erected at St. Ge'brge about tjiree or four years ago by the Bay of Fundy Red Granite I ■ i ' i/\. ■"■"/"'.., >k!^^ 98 " «DE8C: iSCBTM-IVE \ „ CATALOGUE^ Company, now give employmfnt to about' 110 mrn.'the watvr-power ii ui*, with a single wheel, being eqnal to about 240 horeypowpr, A lecond company (tbe Ktt George Red GVanite Citinpaiiy) have bee^nniil recently working in Carlelolfll near 8t. John, but contemplate removing lo^St. George, wlieiwe their Btone ii alao derived.— /,oif«r Silurian f ahd /Jrvonuin. 1 1 . Qi.oen'8 Quarry, North West Arm, Hkiifax, N:S \ ^'""'^ "*"'"' ^''^'O'V !^ I Board. ' A. . a. A foot cube of grey granite, dressed. b. A rough block of the saine. " ' •^ - i 12. Shelbufne,N.8..'. J<\. ... Nuva^otia Adcuory Board. (I. A foot cube of grey granite^ dressed ised. > Gneiss* 1. GrenvUle, Q., lot 3, range 8. : Geological Surtty. II. A six-inch cube of coarse-grained gneiss, dressed. .....y ^Geological Survey. 2. Gretiville, Q., lot 1, range 3 «. A six-inch cube of porj hyroid gneiss, dressed. The Laurentian gneisses sometimes opcur in banda several thousand teet thick and occupy large portions of the country all the way from Labrador on (he east to' the Lake pf the Woods t)n the west. They vary much in coldtTr, in texture, and in the relative proportions of their constituents, and ffrquently contain hornblende instead, of, or In addiUon to mica.,_Jn some cases they have a banded or schistose structure, but in others they are massive and scarcely distinguishnble from granite or syenite. Though many of them are well adapted for structural purposes, and can be obtained in unlimited quantity, their employment is not cpmmon. The dam and reservoir ST the Quebec water-works near Jeune Lorette on the St. Chjyles River, is built of grey gneiss, which was obtained close hy.—Laurtntian. Labrador! te Rock. 1 4 Abercrombie, Q .,^.. Geological Survey. • ' a. A foot cube of labradori^e rock, dressed. -^ Most of the localities in which this roek is found in titu are not/ery accessible but numerous large boulderi are scattered over the counUy; in llie vicinity of / Grenville, St. Andrews (tj.) and other places, more efpc<'ially along the OtUwa' and St. Jia\i^ence. In iome parts of the countr.v, as lor example in the township /' ; ^^^^iJl^L^'" _.j^\ J ^^^^ ^ >-te>!»ii - i •. 1 _-*- ^ - „-t^B* i.--J. ':isi™.-,„ " MINERALS or CANADA. 99. *r-powtr ii UK, Mcond company ^ntljr working in rgf, wlieiice their J orRaw(lon()Cj.), the rocic Is fine-f^ained and bomogeneoui) but at Abercfrombir, whore tt fomi large mountaifti masNi, it exhibit! a compact base, chiefly 6r labra- (loriie, with ftaabedded cleavable masse* of 'the same feldspar sometimes several , inches in diameter and often exhibiting beaotiful reflections. The rock' has been )int little used for building purposes, although its ducabillty certainly ' r^com.> mends it. It is not qpiteas Wd as granite, and takes a fine polish, to that it might in lome tn'ps l)e emplojtJ with ailvnntage fur decorative constrnclion. — l.au- rinlKia. N V ^r . Limestones. MARBLES- 1. Metlah Callali Bay, B.C EngUhard d- Co, Victoria, B. C. a. Tw,o specimens of white marbl'^. • t isand feet thick, lor on the east to ' n texture, and in itain hornblende tded or schistose inguishable front uctural purposes, )t cpmmon. The jrette on the St. Jj.—I.aurentian. 2. Mount Mark, near Home Lake, Vancouver Island Geolog'i/:al Surcey. , a. Short column and pedestal of marble. 7 The crystalline limestones of Jl|>ynt Mark occur in very thick beds, interstratix tied with diorite. They are capable of affording agreat variety of marbles suitable for ornamental purposes, ^hougb not fine tBOOgh for statuary. White, dpve-grey, and bluish tints are the moit^oinmon ; but siyua varieties contain reddish and greenish bands. Large blocka, entirely flre« f)rom'ilaws, could b* easily o'btained. Thougb^the limestones are kigl^ly crystalline they are in many ptocesr^rowded \^h fossils, among which Mr. Billings has detected corals uf «he genera Za- ^ihrtntii and Diphiphyllum, large citooidal columns^ specimens ot FenetUUa or Polymorpha, beside a large Produftut and a large Spinjfer.—CaHofii/eroui f 3. Texada Island, Strait of Georgia, B.C a. Qrey marble with black |potf and veins. b. Qreyisb-white marble with brownish 'veins, e. Small cube of serpentine limeBtone. Geological Surrey. \ :l ~i:; 4 Elzevir, .,•• •• a. White iQArble. Geological Survey. 6. Cornwall, '. Geological Survey. u. Black marlle. ^.- -^ , »rf 100 DESCBllTIVE CATALOGUE. ThU black marble, and the one from Pointe Claire (Xos 15), arj derived from tVro beds, each about two feet thick, at the base of the Blrdaeye and Black River formation. These are apparently the only bed3 of the formation that will take a sufficiently even polish to be fit fur marble. In the higher beds there are patches, which, from being more argillaceous than other parts, receive but an infe- rior polish, and produce a bad eflfjct. — Birdteye and Black River formation, Lower Silurian. .* . * . * 6. BurgesP, W. J. Mon-is, Perth, 0. a. Specimen of white serpemicous marble, ten inches square and three inches thick, one face polished. — Laurentian. 7. HighFall.?of1heMa.ia«a>'ka,Blythfie!dfo.,lotl.3,ran;'e3... . / ''"'"'^ '^.*"' a. A nine-inch cube of white marble. — Laurentian. 8. McNab, O., lot 4, range U . '. , a. A" specimen of marble.' . James Bell, Arnprior. ! .: . Geological Survey. 9. Arnprior, a. Marble, striped light and dark grey. ' 6. " cut across the beds. c. " column and pedestal. At the mouth of the Madawaska, in McNab, a great extent of crystalline lime- stone is marked by grey bands, sometimes narrower, and sometimes wider, running in the dii^ctioa of the original bedding, and producing, wbere there are no corru- gations in the layers, a regularly barred or striped pattern. When the beds are wrinkled, there results a pattern something like that of a curly grained wood The colours are various shades of dark and light grey, intermingled with white. These arise from a greater or less amount of graphite, which is intimately mixed with the limestone. The granular texture of the stone is someifhat coarse, but it take a good polish, and gives a pleasing marble. Some difficulty has been expe- rienced in obtaining large blocks free from flaws. At present the quarries are not regularly worked, although blocks are occasionally taken out for monuments mantel pieces, Ac. Considerable quMfMities were also employed in the decorative work of the Houses of ParlicHuent at Ottawa. — Laurentian. m -.-> 10. Arnprior, O P.-'T. Somerville, A^Hprior .^f^^^ a. Monument of banded Arnprior marble. b. A foot cube of th« sarap, polished. ■^» 11. Glorcas(er, O. .Geo'og'cul "urvey. a. Brownish-grey tr.arh'.e.^Chazy fjrmalion. 'f- MINERALS OF CANADA. 101 12. L'Origiial, O Geological .Surcey- tt. Grey marble, with thickly disseminated whi'te spots. - b. Dark grey marble, with more thinly disseminated white spots. The bed from which the specimen (a) is taken, Varies in thickness from throe to six inches; it is near the surface, and easily quarried, but has hitherto been but little used. The locality is a quarter of a mile from the south bank of the Ottawa, four miles west of L'Orignal village, and siity-four above Montreal. The white spots are caused by small bivalve sh^ls {Airy pa- plena) filled with calc-spar. Of the darker variety (6) there are two beds, of six inches and one foot respectively near the surface, and overlying the previous bed («). flocks large enough for chimney-pieces and tables are readily obtained. f 13. Grenville, Q a. Yeljowijh-white marble. Cm .Geological Survey. logical Survey. 14. Augmentation of Grenville, Q a. Spotted green and white marble. Geological Survey. In" the township of Grenville and its Augmentation,a band of crystalline limestone , containing Eozoon Canadetue, has an extensive run through the country, and affords in many places a peculiar variety of marble, having a white ground marked with small green spots of serpentine, which occasionally forms angular masses several inches in diameter. The serpentine usually runs in bands marking the stratification pf the rock. These bands, as in the case of the Arnprior marble, are sometimes even, and at other times corrugated, giving diversitffes of pattern. Sometimes the serpentine, instead of gre^n, is sulphur-yellow as in the specimen from Grenville. In many parts of the country, the Lauren- tian limestones are tolerably free from foreigA minerals, mid give white marbles These, however, are usually too coarse-grained for statuary purposes, and sometimes they are barred wjth slightly different colours. Such is the case with the crystalline limestone occurring in the township of Elzevir. Many years ago, a mill for cutting and polishing a marble like the specimen from the Aug- mentation of Grenville was erected on the Calumet, lot 19, range 3, of Grenville, where a similar rock occurs ; but the demand for the marble was not sufficient to make the enterprise profiiable. — Laurentian. ft I if' 15. Pointe Claire, Q Geologicah Survey . a. Greenish-black ISee No. .^. . Geological Survey. \C>'. Canghnawaga, Q t8 s^.ke ,n -^ distance^ ha f a mile. The marble takes a fair polish and could b«obUmedml«ge blocks The Levis and Kennebec railway will pass close to the localuy, w h.ch is forty five miles south of Quebec.-(^«eifC Uroup, Lower Silunar,. 28. Marble Mountain, CB a. Two dressed cubes of marble. .John Silver, Halifax, N.S. Geological Survey. ,29. Esquimaux Island, Mingan group a. Drab marble. This drab-colored marble occurs in great quantity on E^^q"™"" W"'';' ?[ ^^^ Mingan group, where the stone might be easily loaded on board "f;"""^" T^^*^.^ JJ cuts with g^at facility, and takes a uniform polish.-CAazy >r^«(.on, Lowtr Silurian. Serpentines. 9 Si- , „ /^ , . o -^^ Q .... W. J. Morris, Perth. 1. Burgess, O., lot 2, range 8 " ; " a. Two specimens of pale green sen^ntine, veined with Ki.-Laurentian. 2. Orford,lot6.rangel3 Geological Survey. • a. Brecciated serpentine, dark green with grey spots. J « i: green and grey with white clouds. ^ 11 " green and grey with less white. J .1 " dark green mixed with light green. 3. Orfonl,Q.,lot6,rangel.3 Geological Survey . a. Brecciated 8erpentine,^reeji and grey with white clouds. , J II » green and grey with less white. g 11 » dark green mixed with light green. d. Yellowish green serpentine ^ith grey spots. 4. Orford,Q.,lot7,rangeA Geological Survey. a. Plum-coloured aerpenUne with greenish-white 8ti«aks. f. ^ ^.. *. .-i i>' ^ .^ -,f Ut il Swrey. ted with re(J i bed is from itanceofhalf arge blocks, lich is forty- ifax, ^-S- il Survey. eland, of the ill vessels. It lation, Lowtr Tis, Perth. ,auTeJitian. lal Survey. gical Survey. gical Survey. ," MINBBAL^ OF CANADA. ^^'^ ^ , , T, » Geological' Survey. 5. Orfor(l,Q,lot4, rangeF •, i-""'^ J a. Ye'.lowish-green serpentine. .. , _, , ^ . „ T, Geological Survey ■ 6. Orford, Q.,lot6, rangeB " '^ a. Light green serpentine, clouded with grey and blaclt. J u " with clouds of green and grey. „ II with greyish-white strealis and dark spots. 7. Orford, Q., lot 15, range 18 Geological Survey . a. Brkciated serpentine, dark green with grey markings. - ' 8. Orford, Q., lot 12, range 8.. Geological Survey . a. Brecciated serpentine, dark green with light green and white spot?. ^^. 9. Orford, Q • Geological Survey . •a. A *(inare column of dark green serpentine veined with white calcit., l5 X 15 X 60 inches, . 10. Melbourne, Q., lot 20, range 5 Geological Survey. a.- Green serpentine with greyish-white spots. b. Green and grey serpentine. ^ 11. Melbourne, Q., lot 21, range 6 ....Geological Survey. a. Yellowish-green serpentine. _ , 12. Melbourne, Q.,lot 22, rangee •/ Geological Survey . a. Dark green serpentine with light green spots. „ ,. n Geological Survey. 13. Melbourne, Q " ^. A square column of dark green serpentine with white veins, 15 X 15 X 4& inches. 14.Shipton,Q.,lot8.range6 Geological Survey. a. Dark green serpentine with yellowish spoU. The band' of serpenUne from which specimen. 2 io U have been obua«edh« been Uaced on the south side of the St. Lawrence, from Pottou to Cranbourne „ J. I '■l tt, A\' ..'■' <*^« i' 106 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. \ A distance of 140 miles ; in forty miles of which it ia repeated twice Jyr undula- tions, giring an additional eighty miles to its outcrop. It is again recognized 250 miles farther to the N.E., in Mount Albert, in the Shicksbock Mountains ; and about seventy miles beyond this, in MfifUnt Serpentine, approaching Oa3p&, Bay. All the specimens of these rocks, which have' been analyzed, contain small 4<>an- - tities of chromium and nickel, and the band is associated in its distribution with soapstone, potstone, dolbmite and magnesite. The whole of 0?3e .occur in large quantities) and in them, as well as in the serpentine, chromic iron occurs, sometime^ in WMkable quantities. .These rocks, or othiers immediately near them, contain \ the metals, iron, lead, zinc, copper, nickel, silver and gold ; with the drift gold, derived from these strata, are found platinum, iridosmine, and traces of mercury. In 184T, these serpentines, from their distribution, were described in the reports of the Geological Survey as altered sedimentaiy ^ocks. ^11 subsequent obser- vations confirmed this^ and beautifully stratified massel of it were afterwards discovered in Mount Albert. In some of the brecciated serpentines from Melbourne numerous fragments of organic remains have been discovered, leaving no doubt as to their stratified origin and Palaeozoic age. None of the serpentines, and, with the few trifling exceptions that have been mentioned, none of the marbles of Canada, have yet been quarried for economic purposes. All of the specimens of them exhibited by the Geological Survey are consequently from parts of, the strata that have long been exposed to the influence of the weather, and are of course inferior to the unweathered portions beneath. There appears little doubt that, in time, both the limestones and serpentines will afford a great amount of beautiful material for aKhitectaral purposes. — Quebec Group, Lower Silurian, I I Breccia. 1 . One of the Ballinac Islands, B.C .">'. Geological Surieij- a. Slab of volcanic breccia, polished. ■ ' ^ I 2. Scatari Island, Cape Breton /. Bows^, Ualifax. a. Specimen of dark green breccia, polished. "ELATES. ILAOSIONES, LIME, BRICKS. AND DRAIN TILES. Slates. 1 . New Rockland Slate Quarry, Q -. . . . C. Drummond, Montreal. a. Specimens of roofing slate, eight sizes. / b. Planed slabs (14 feet 6 inches by 3 feet. 3 inches), for tilUttrd tables. e. Hearthstones (4 feet by 1 foot 6 inchqA). , d. Pastry slabs, two sizes (2 feet and 1 foot 6 inches squan^) «. Library shelves (3 fiset long and 7 inches wide). / MINERAL!^ OF CANADA- 107 This quarry is situated at a distance of about five miles south-westward from the Richmond sUtion on.the Grand Trunk lUilflfay ; h\it the line of a projected railroad passes withia a few hundred ya^ds of the quarry. It was first opined in 1868, and has b«iii"#<»rked «»er since, ^he quarry is at the top of a steep hill which is nearly 600 fee* owr the level of the St. Francis Ri^er at Richmond. Its depth ia now upwWd^ fif 100 feet, and it presenU natural facilities for working to a depth of 300. In 1«74 the company commenced the manufacture of slab-slate, aiid erected a mill with superior machinery, for sawing, planing and rubbing such materV iala as flooring, hearths, billiard-beds, blackboards, &c. The company have about eigh.ty men constantly emj.loyed, and produce between 7,000 and 8,000 squares of roofing slates a year. The following list shows the number of pieces to the square (100 square feet) of the various sizes of first class slate made by the cojn- fiany. \AAl-these are sold at a uniform prite of f5 per square delivered on the caw at Richmdtad. Other sizes are made to order. Slate of second quality is sold at a lowe^ price. — Quebec Oroup. , « 8in>. No. pieces Size No. pieces Sizes. No. pieces in liicliea. to square. in inclies. to square. in lucties. to square. 24 X 14 93 18 X 12 160 ■ 14 X'9 29ft 32^ 24 X 12 114 18 X 11 175 - 14 X 8 22 X 14 108 18 10 192 14 X 7 374 22 X 12 127 18 X ^ 213 12 X 8 m 22 X 11 138 16 X 10 224 1^ X 7 458 20 X 12 141 16 X 9 124 12 X 6 534 20 X 11 154 16 X 8 277 10 X 8 514 20 X 10 169 .U X 10 262 J. Melb^rng Slate Quarry, Q — Khich townships quarries have also been opened upon it. The slates are of a bluish-blac^ colour, smooth surfaced, thin, light and strong. Experience has proved them to b^nsurpassed, if equalled, by slates from any other part of the world. Their chemi<»l composition is almost identical with that of the slates of Anger in France, wm<^ have withstood climate of Montreal foj upwards of one hundred years. \ .V;- m \ \ the ,\. ,.-,1 ^■'.vsliii'- 108 DESCKIPTIVE CATALOGUE. Gtol'iylcal Survey. 3. Rnnkin Hill Slate Quarry, Q..... ., a. Specimens of red slates. b. " " green " This quarry is situated on lot twenty-five, range five, township of Acton,aboat four miles east of Actonrale station on the Grand Jrunk Railway. The quarry which was opened in June, 1875, is now about 150 feet long and sixty feet wide, with a depth which increases from ten feet at the west end to thirty feet at the other. The greater I art of the slate is red, the green occurring in larg« patches having no reference to the bedding or the cleavage, both of which dip N. 80^ E. (mag.) at an angle of about 12^ to the horizon. The quarry has the advantage of being near the Grand Trunk PUilway, and the rock is ^sily quarried. A small quantity of slate has been already sold at about $5.50 a square. It is used for ornamental work in slate roofing. Abouteighty men have been employed for some montbg in openipg the quarry. Mr. John Rankin, of Montreal, is the principal owner. He is also proprietor of a quarry of green slate situated about a mile west of Actonvale. — Quebec Group. I i! ■ 4. Danville, '-. Danville School Slate. Company. a. Two blocks of split slate. i 4. Set of school slates. > ' * " c. Ornamental slate pannel. d. Slate with inlaid work. . . e. Large slab of slate (26 by 47 ins.) " . * The works of this Company are situated at GansonviUe, near Danville. The following is their price list: Sizes. Price pet doz. Doz. in case. Price per case. 4 y. 6 S 0.54 25 $12.96 5x7 .60 • 18 10.80 6X8 .72 20 14.4it 6x9 ,80 20 10.00 Cix 10 .90 20 18.00 6 X 12 .96 15 14.40 7 X 11 1.00 15 I'l.no 8 X 12 1.20 12 14.40 9 X 13 1.50 10 15-00 — Quebec Group. 5. Westbury , Q Geological Survey. a. Polished slates. Flagstones. 1 . Esqueeing, Far<{uhar and Booth. a. Specimen of flagstone. MINERALS OF CANADA. 10!) There is at the quarry from which tbis'specimcn was tjbtained an eiposed thick- ness of seven feet, made up of beds of light grey sandstone from one to six inches thick, and splitting with great ease into large slabs which can be delivered on the cars at Limehouse station for from twenty to forty cents per square foot, acconl- ing to size and thickness. Similar flagstones are obtained from the saKc band at Hamilton and elsewhere.— Oriry bancf, Medina Jormation. 2. McBride'8 Corners, O James Honley, Montrenl. a. Specimens of flagstone, red and white. The qiiarrr from which these stones were obtained is about twelve milea from Kingston, and near the Rideau Canal. The thickness of t^ beds ranges from two inches to two feet. — Pottdam Jormation ^ '^ 3. Nepean, O ., lot 6, range 2 Henry Bishop, Bell's Comejs, O. a. Flagstone (sandstone.) Good stones could be got at this place, but the expense of taking them out would be too great, unless .*he quarry were extensively wrought.— Pof«/'i«i for- mation. 4. GapRouge.Q a. Flagstone (sandstone).— ^«6«c Oroup, . Geological Survey . ' 5. Point Levis Quarry, Q Pitton & Co., South Queliec. a. Chairi or curbstone, $1.00 per linear foot. b. Paving stone, hammer-dressed, $3.60 per yard. This paving stone has been used in St. Peter and St. Paul streets South Quebec — Quebec Oroup. 6. Cap a L'Aigle, Murray Bay, Q Pitton it Co., South Quebec. a. Flagstone for sidewalks. b. Paving stone. . e. Curbstone. These diflferent kinds of stone caa all bo obtained of aay deairad size at this quarry. There is a good wharf at Murray Bay, so t! at barges ancf schooners can load direct for Quebec or S!o.itr« tregk r- ■>. l'ijjt?!£S 110 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOQUK. .lAci Lewis. Common Lime. - ^ 1. Kijicardine, Q ",• a. Raw limeBloae. Ii. Prepared lime. This' be^ntiful wtfite Um. i. «.ade from a six-inch bed of «i"k bluish^grey bituminous limestone associated with compact beds ot « »''- ^ °";,. "j',^^^^^^^^ burns ten kilns per year, which average 700 bushels per kdn, and the l.me sells twenty cents per bushel— Ononrfa^a/ormn/ion. George Buxiton. 2. Oclericli, O • , a. Row limestone. , * 6. Prepared lime. This quarry is situated about one' mile east of the station. Mr. Buiton burns yearly about 18,000 bushels.— 'Moni/aira/orma*5^- t MINERALS OK (fANADA in lAci Lewis. wk bluish-grey lour. Sir. Lewis the lime sells at wge Bujoton. Buxton burns lto..kwo..l.O.,lot5. ranifeo ,; George Dunbar. j_Rnw limestone. b. Prepared lime. At the quarry of Mr. Dtmbir there is an exposed face of iwenty-five feet in hirers of one to six inches thick. Eight kilns of 1,250 bushels eaob, are burneJ ■ annually The Ifec is sold at twenty cents per bushel.-A >ogara JormuUon. Thomas Goivdie. 7 . Limi'liimse,' ^ ' ' ' II. Raw limestone (raagneaian.) b. Prepared lime. \ - This lime is made from a light grey, pWrn'stalline dolomite whicfi occurs in b s oTthree inches to three feet thick, shXS* a face of over th.rty feet, over- lying wenty-twofeet-of hydraulic limestone. A large quanl.ty of ben.me .s Sjed every year; the kilns and quarry are with.n a few yards o« the R.H. station.— .iVi'Jfiiarrt /ormiition. tton it Slater. Champion Draw jBtonfe, overlying ne manufactured for sixteen cenis 8. DnmlaK.O. . E. it C. Farqtiliur. It. Raw limestone. > b. Prepared lime. ^ ^^ This l!me is made from a dark brown limestone which has a ^kness of sixty feet in beds of three inches to three feet. The quarry is situated on the side of the „ Mountain, a short distance f^om the railway station. Messrs. Farquhar have two Su°Tn ^hich they make annually 100,000 bushels of lime, which sells at fifteen cents' \>vT bxxshel—Siagura/armation. r Ballantyne. . Ballantyne, who eighteen ceats per . . R. ifmsley. akes rather longer in of much heat to fhich sets quickly. ,rly 50,000 bushels ition. . Dr. B. Baukr. 9. Caynga,'0.^ lotslO and II ,• ((. Raw limestone. ^ b\ Prepared lime. ' This limestone is highly fossiliferous, and occurs in beds from one to^three inch^ thick ovwlying the wateMime deposits. The amount of lime produced annually is ' aS; S(^ bushels which is sold for eighteen cents per bu,hel.-Orutany./orm«- tion. 'lo! Oneida, 0.. lots 48 and 49, range 1 WmDeCew. \ a. B»w limestone. _ . ^ " Prepared lime. This stone is magnesian and is in the immediate vicinity of large sanditone quanies: It appears to underlie the sandstone of the Orisksny formation.- toVr- /eTOu»foTnta'ion. « ^ < ik 1Lt&».st^ «... ^ ..-g-jA 7 p llr JJ2 DESCRIPTIVE CATAtbW^. U. Ramsay, 0. lot 7, ronxp * a. Raw Umestone. 6. Prepared lime. Thi. lime i. made from a beauliful white cry.ralline lime.tone fo««"l in the town^ .hip of Ramsay. Mr LavalKe of Cari.toh Place made la.t year about- 10,000 buiMa—laurtnlian. 12. Arnprior.Oo. a. Raw limestone. 6. Prepared \ime.— La urenla in. Wm- Baker. .C. .4.'CarBJ«J». JJJ. Montreal, Q •• '■' ' o. Raw limestone. 8. Prepared lime. ■ •vw Lp.tone -which yields the boat stone for building purposes at Montreal, i\> k , ,, SAer/f Qiiesnel. 14. Artliaba»ka, y a. Prepared Wmk.— Quebec Group. . Quebec Advisory Boant 15. Beauport, tj .• • ■ • a. Ra.w limestone. b. Prepared lime. 16. Green Head, near St. John, N.B... •, ; ' a. Raw limestone. ; ^ b. Prepared liipe iU lime is prepared from a belt of dark grpy graphitic limestone tra^rslDB tj« &£ aX ot St John county, though possibly "^^^If "^ "^ -\ ^ n h« SSanS it dark colour it fields readily a white lime, wh.ch .s sa.d o be ,erv ;roSEi»i.rge1y used in the city of St John. The quantity burnt dur.ng, UsTyear aWteTtolbout 8,000 casks or 16,000 American *«rels _ *' Other belts of lighter coloured limestone occur in the same Lauwnt.an a«a .arS from blue fo pink and white. Several quarries h-'.^^^^^J^";^^ '", Jj^ The prfncipal ones are at West Head near the Suspension Bndge over the bt John il- ■^1^, ■^ n Place, ind in the town- ar nbout. 10,000 Wm- Baker. 113 IntercoJomal R.nw^y, fo«m.le^ c-k.. Th. price In 8t John rarie. from »1.50 The bedi we from tHj to sixty feet thick. Iin<* ot to $3.00 per cask of 4 cwt the lime is exported to No»» ScoUa. -Laurtnlian. BiigwaRh, N.B '< a. Prepared l\me.—Lou>*r Oarboni/trout 'ge*H River (1. tjimeetone. 6. Prepared lime. , David Dougku. 1 . John McQmrrie. / ^ AGarvits. >geg at Montreal, ilates in the pro- of lime-kilns in- 10 bushels yearly erif Qtusnel. Hydraulic Lime. I, Roj;<{woo(l, O... . Geological Surrey. a. Raw cement-stone^ • -This specimen comesjrom a band ihre,* and a •"»'' f«"^' ♦|'"=''' '^'''J^fX beds averaging six inches. Ris easily quarried, and there .s good water-powe^for gffnding on the fl&ce— Niagara furmalien. 2. Liinehouse, . Thomas Gowdie. a. Raw cement-^tone. 6. Prepared cement. This stone occurs in a band nine feet thick, in beds yarymg from tWo gey*n inches. The ceniSS^ts slowly and hardens during several weeks, after which it is said to possess great 8trength.-CTin«)n iromwoon. ivisory Boanl. logical SiHtey. tone traversing the more recent origin, which is said to be mtity burnt during^ irrels. le Lausentian area fen opened in these ge over the St John U'*^ 3. Cayuga, O., lots 10tol2, "Jones^ j}r. B.Baxter Tract," W. side of Grand River.... / a. Raw cement-stone. \The stone from which this is made occurs in beds from fifteen inches to two feet in thickness.— Ononiaya/ormotion. 4. Ramsay, a. Raw cement-Btone. , Geological Survey. , Geological Survey. 6. Nepeau, j-- ■ 0. Raw cement-ttoM. ^ Though the HM* occ«. in Kep«m, the cement i. '»'*''^*"'f.f '^i* ^^JJ Hull cement, from haring Wn m«iaf»ctui«d for Jererri yean, by Mr. Wright of , H ■ ^_^ . '. >■ . - .1 % . \ ... ■ ■ :t -a-, ^ r » ^'•i* .,- rr^—rr .■M>s . J 14.' DESCaiPTIVE CATALOGUE. V ^ Hull, opposite to Ottawa. The rock is a limestone holding about twelve per \ cent, of carbonate of magnesia, and it yields a strong and lasting cement. The ' > bed to which it belongs, has been traced for nearly loO miles through the country, A preserTing a very uniform character. — Chazy formation. 6. Arthabaska, Q Sheriff Queanel, Arthahaaka, Q. a. Raw cement-stone. ^ b. Prepared cement. This stone is from a quarry lately opened on the property of Sheriff Queanel. It is said to make a very good hydraulic cement, but has not t/e^n examined chemi- cally. — Quebec Group. Gauvreau d- Co. 7. Si. John Wani, Quebec, a. Raw cement-stone. ^ b. Prepared cement. This cement-stone is a dark bluish-black dolomite. 6,000 to 7,000 barrels of <"cmcnt are annually manufactured from it by this firm. The price is f 1.50 to $2,00 per barrel. — Quebec Uroup. .„A « . Geological Survey. • f. MajKlaleii River, Oaspe, Q a, Raw cement-stone. These siiecimens of bla'ck dolomite are derived^'rom the Mountain Portage, about Aire miles up the Mapdalen River from its moutk, TJifr «t()ne (Occurs in beds of from two to four inches, interstratified in black graptolitic shales ; it yi|J^d8 a very stronp hydraulic cement, setting in a fe* minutes under wkter,'to a very hard and tenacious masts of a yellowish colour. Similar bands occur at the Grande Coupe, six miles below Great Pond River The range of the formation contain- ing these bands, being from Ga8p6 to Quebec, makes it probable that a considera- ble quantity of the stone may be obtained from various places along the south shore of the St. Lawrence. The stone differs from that at Quebec, from which General Baddeley, R. E., first prepared a cement. This contains no magnesia, while the Gaspe stone is a dolomite. — Hudson Siver formation. Bricks and Brick-clay*. . Geological Survey 1. Winnipeg, Manitoba.. .«. a. White bricks. ■* There are several large brick-yards in the vicinity of the town. The clay used occurs at the surface. The quantity of bricks made annually is very considerable. Price from flO to f 12 per 1,000, according to quality.— Jn/f. MINEBALS OF CANADA. U5 Arthabaaka, Q. 2. Stony Mountain, Manitoba -. Barclay and Morrison. a. White bricks. b. Brick-clay. These bricks are manufactured from a grey clay of the prairie, found at the base of the mountain, and were used in the construction of the penitentiary at this place . The supply of clay is practically inexhaustible.— Z^ri//. Gauvreau d- Co. 3. Owen Sound, a. Red bricks. b. White bricks. Geological Survey. c. Unburned bricks. d. Brick-clay. the deposit here is a drab-coloured clay, which has been dug to a depth of four feet. White bricks are made from the same clay by using a different sand. The deposit is not extensive.— Drift. ological Survey. 4. Kincardine, O .."•■.■-.., ■jV: a. Best white brick. b. Clay for, white brick e. Yellowish white brick. ■ d. Clay for yellowish-white brick. George Riggins. "" ■• #. Corner brick. f. Bath-brick. g. Clay for Bath-brick. These bricks are made of clay from a deposit which yields three kinds, white, yellow and Bath-bricks j the clay from which the Bath-bricks are made, oreriying the other. Mr. Riggins makes annually from 200,000 to 300,000 stock bricks, and about 100,000 Bath-bricks. The price of the bath bricks is J1.60 per box of twenty- four. The stock bricks sell for f 7.00 to $3.00 per 1000. Mr. McLean of this place makes about the same quantity. — Dr\ft. h. Goderich, Geological Survey. a. Red brick. * These bricks are of rather poor quality, and are only used in small quantity for local purposes, — Drift ological Survey 6. Seaforth, a.^White brick. , Geological Survey. 7. London, O , a. White brick. b. Brick-clay. . Samuel Euttell. 116 DESCBIPTIVE CATALOGUE. t There are seTsn brick-yards in the vicinity of London, each of which prodoceB about 900,000 white bricks yearly, the arerage price being f5 per I.OOT!' They are made from a very eitensive deposit of drab-coloured clay, thirty feet thick. — Drift. ■ S. Brantford, Hugh Workman. a. White stock brick. b. Compressed brick. These are made from a deposit of light greyish-blue clay, apparently covering many acres, and having a thickness of about fifty feet. The present price is ill ^, per 1,000. The two yards at this place produce about 300,000 annually.— />ri/t. ^Bfc^ ^ ,. '. " -:» 9. Dundaf , O r: . . . r. Munn & Cockhner. a. Red brick. b. Brick-clay. Messrs. Munn & Cockhner make about 640,000 red bricks annually, which sell for $5.75 per 1,000. They are made from extensive deposits of clay occnring in the vicinity of Dundas. White bricks have also been made at this place from the underlying clay.— Drift. r 10. Glen William, O .- Robert Leslie. a. Red brick. ' . 6. Brick-clay. Mr. Leslie produces about 200,000 bricks annually, which sell for $6.50 per 1,000. The deposit of clay from which these bricks are made is very extensive.— /)ri/t. .Mrs. Mary Townsley, Toronto, hr 11. Yorkville, O .' a. White brick. b. Red brick. c. Brick-clay, • At the yard owned by Mrs. Townsley about 1,890,000 white stock bricks are manufactured yearly, besides a large quantity of red bricks. The white bricks are sold for $10 to $12 per 1,000, and the red for $9. The deposit of clay from which the white bricks are made has a thickness exceeding sixty feet, and extends ea8^WRrd, with some interruptions and t> varying thickness, at least as far as Cobonrg. At Yorkville, it is unconfonnably overlaid by a bed yielding red bricks. The white brick-clay lies in very eten, horizontal strata, while the othet| undulatM with the general snrfbce, not, howcTcr, dcBcending to the bottom of deep tw\nm.—Dryft.. MINERALS OF CANADA. 117 . Bulmer rirt. .Oilbert Moore. 18. Ramsay, O., lot 17, range 8. a. Red brick. - b. Brick-city.— /?n^<. . James Coulter. 118 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 19. Ramsay, O., lot 14, range 8. a. Brick. *. Brick-clay.— Z)f{/<." . James Metcalfe. 20. Arnprior, O a. Common brick. William Baker. b. Stock brick. c. Brick-clay. In the manufacture of these bricks, Mr. Baker uses a machine of his own in- vention, which, with eight men, produces from 8,000 to 10,000 per day of ten hours. The quantity made in 1874 was 650,000, which sold for }6.50 per 1,000. -Drift. 21. Pembroke, a. Common brick, $8 per 1000 b. Well brick, f 10 " " e. Brick-clay.— Dri//. .Daniel McGregor. 1^1 1 1::- 22. Pembroke, O Thomas Cashmore. a. Pressed brick $13 per 1,000 b. Window-jamb brick |10 " " 23. Nepean, range 4 Thos. Anderson, Bell's Corners. a. Red brick. 6. Brick-clay. These specimens are from Bell's Corners, where the clay shows a thickness in the pit of twenty] feet. Mr. Anderson made in 1875, 400,000 stock bricks, using Bulmer A Sheppard's machine. The bricks sell for $10 per l,O0O>tMhe ki\n.— Drift. 24. Montreal, Q, Bubner J; She})pard. a. Common building bricks. 6. Bevelled brick. e. Radiating front brick. d. Circular bricks for shafts. / / The quantify of bricks made by this firm annually is about 10,000,000, baring a v alue, delivered m the city, of 1100,000.— iJri^^ tea Metcalfe. liam Baker. ) of his own in- per day of ten J6.50 per 1,000. I McGregor. s Cashmore. 00 Ts Corners. I a thickness in stock bricks, cr l,000>tMhe Jt Hheppard- W0,Q00, baring MINERALS OF CANADA, 119 26. Montreal, Q .., Thos W. Veel. r a. Common pressed brick. b. Brick-clay. Mr. Peel manufactureres about 4,000,000 common bricks annually, which are sold for from f T.OO ,to $8.00 per 1,000. The red bricks of Montreal are manufactured from blue clay of marine origin, which is interstrati6ed with reddish layers, and runs under a deposit of sand. The marine origin of the clay is proved by the occurrence in it of sea-shells, Bryozoa and Foramini/era, besides the bones of seals and of marine fishes. The brick- yards are situated to the north-east ol Mount Royal, on a plateau 140 feet above the level of the sea and of considerable extent'; above which, well-marked sea margins ocfcur on the sides of the mountain, at elevations of 220, 386, 440 and 470 feet above the sea level, all of them containing marine shells.— Drift. 26. St. Johns, Q ,, Albtrt Mochon. a. Red bricks. Thesei^ bricks are made from an extensive deposit of blue c'ay of marine origin, having a thickness of twenty-two feet. The quantity produced by Mr. Mochon is about 1,000,000 yearlj.— Drift. 27. Arthabasca, Q Geological Survey. a. Red brick. There are only a few kilns burnt at this place, for local purposes.— i>ri/i!. 28. Three Rivers, Q Geological Survey. m. Red brick. b. Brick-clay. These specimens are from the vicinity of the town of Three Rivers. There are seven brick yards in this place, each of which produces yearly about 400,000 bricks. The current price per 1,000 is ^.—Dri/t. , Geological Survey. 29. St. Jean Lotbinicre, Q a. Redbrick. b. Brick-clay. i These bricks are manafactnred from a thinly laminated blue clay, said by the brick makers to have a thickness of 100 feet. It requires a mixture of about one- third land for its proper working.— iM/'- 120 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. , Charles Jackton. 30. Upper Woodstock, N.B o.*Brick. ' b. Sand. c. B^ck-clay. These bricks are manufactured from clay of which some three or four acres are exposed^ near the west bank of the St. John River, a short distance above the town of Woodstock. The upper portion of the clay bed is of a yellowishigrey colour, and about ten feet thick. It rests upon blue clay, of which about sixteen feet bare been exposed, but whose real thickness is unknown, and has been worked for twenty-six years. The number of bricks manufactured, varies from 300,000 to 400,000 per year."— /Jri/i. P- 31. St. John, N. 5. Lee Brothers. a. Common brick. b. Machine-made brickl ' ■c. Lees' XXX brick. . " " . /■ Drain Tiles. ' . , , Brantford, H. Spencer. a. \\ inch drain tile. Mr. Spencer makes yearly 150,000 tiles and 100,000 white bricks. The price of the bricks is $6 to $10 per lOOO. The tiles sell as follows : 1 j inch $7.50 per thousand. 2 *" 9.00 " " 3 " 12.50 " " 4 " •. 20.00 " " 6 " 60.00 " "(1, * Yorkville, O Thorruu Nightingale, Toronto. a. Drain tile. ,' , This specimen is made from the stratum of clay which is used for the manufac- ture of red bricks in this locality. The quantity of drain ti^es manufactured annually by Mr. Nightingale is, 2000 4 inch 25 cents each 4000 6 " 35 " 'V 2000 9 " 75 " " 1000 if " fl.OO eaeh 1000 15 « fl.50 " From 4,000,000 to 5,000,000 white bricks are also made annually in the tame yards, and sell at $8.00 per 1,000.— Drift. w leg Jackton. )r foar acres are aince above the , yelloirisl^grey K>at sixteen feet been worked for from 300,000 to !/€« Brothers. . If. Spencer. :a. The price of ale, Toronto. for the mannfac- 8 manufactured tilj in the tame \ MINERALS OF CANADA. 121 Yorkville Bulmfir and Douglas, Toronto. a. Drain tile. ^ tt ' . This firm manufactures 100,000 white drain tiles annually.— Z>rt/<. Montreal, Q Bulmer aiul Sheppa/d. a. Two-inch drain tile \ b. Three- " " " c\ Four- " " " d. Five- " " " ~ ■ • . e. One- " " " with collars and junctions. About 250,000 drain tiles arc made yearly, worth about $2,000.— />ri/<. Quebec Q - .David Bell, Little River, Q. (7. Two-inch' drain tile, $2.00 per 100. 6. Clay used for fnaking drain tiles. The clay from which these tiles are made is found in many places in the vi- cinity of the city.— Drift. St. John, N.B *• ■ • ^-«« Brothers. a. Five-inch drain tile b- Four- " " " c. Three-" " " * ' - ' d. Two- " " " e. One and a half-inch drain tile vm. EEFRACTORY MATERIALS, POTTERY CLAYS, AND POTTERY. Plumbago or Graphite. 1. Bedford, Ontario Advisory Board. a. Plumbago. 2. North Ebneley, O., lots 21 and 22, range 6 Ontario Advisory Board. a. Specimens of crude plumbago. b. " « dressed " n k. 122 DESCUIITIVE CATALOGUE. Plumbago or graphite is a very common miDeral in the Laarentian rocks of Quebec and Ontario, occurring in the form of disseminated scales in limestones, gneisses and other rocks, or in veins cutting these rocks. In the former case tho beds are often so highly charged with it as to become workable, but the plumbago, as might be expected, is not so pure as that found in veins. The most important localities known are north of the Ottawa River, in the townships of Buckingham, Lochaber and Oi%nvilli^, but the mineral has also been found in the Laurentian country south of tho Ottawa, in Bedford, North Burgess, North Elmsley and else- where. At the locality in the last named township, from which the specimens exhibited were obtained, the plumbago occurs mostly in a disintegrated quartzoso rock which passes into an impure limestone No mining of any consequence was done hero until 1871 1 but from that time until the summer of 1873 about 6,000 tons of " ore " are said to have been taken out by the company (the Internationa} Min- ing Company, of New York) and delivered at the works, half a mile from tho mine, for eighty cents a ton. It was there stamped, and the plumbago separated from the rock-matter by revolving buddies. The works areVituated at Oliver's Ferry on the Rideau canal, about seven miles from the town of |Perth. Since 1873, they have at times been in operation, working up the material' on hand, although ■ no mining has been done. — Laurentian. 3. Buckingliani, Q. f The Dominion oj Canada Plumbago \ Co Company, (.limited). a. Specimens of plumbago from fourteen different veins,-' said to contain ninety-six per cent, of carbon. b. Specimens of " disseminated plumbago," said to contain from twenty-six to forty per cent, of carbon. c. Prepared plumbago, for various purposes mentioned below. d. Crucibles, both new and after testing. > e. Pencils of different qualities. /. Stove polish ip pressed squares. ' The Dominion of Canada Plumbago Company was formed in June 1875, with a capital of £100,000 sterling, and has commenced operations on an extensive scale. The property of the company comprises 1,250 acres of land in the seventh, eighth and ninth ranges of Buckingham. The country here is well timbered and watered, and the facilities for mining unsurpassed. -The mines are about eighteen miles from Ottawa. The plumbago is found in both beds and veins, the principal veins, so far as known, being on lot twenty-one in the seventh range, while the most important beds are on lot twenty in the eighth range. Some idea of the size of the masses of plumbago which can be obtained may be formed from the fact that one of the specimens exhibited weighs 4,870 pounds. The works of the compajiy are on the nineteenth lot of the eighth range of Buckiifgham, and, include appliances for crushing, washing, dressing, Ac. When in 'full working order they are expected to turn out about four tons.of " prepared stock " per day, suitable for crucibles, pencils, and stove-polish, as well as for lubricating, electrotyping, casting and numerous other applications. Mr. W. H. Walker, of Ottawa, is the present manager. — Laurentian. 4. Buckingham, Q Geological ■Survey. . ' a. Specimen of plumbago. ^ ..J.. ..... i! ' • •» it ■ i . : , 1 ^ ■ : S' » ..j;.,^*SaSE 1 ■\ '^~''^»i «ntian rocks of i in limestones, former case the t the plumbago, most important }f Buckingham, the Laurentian Imaley and clse- 1 the specimens grated quartzoso onsequenco was about 6,000 tons «mationa} Min- t mile from the iba(;o separated ited at Oliver's th. Since 1873, hand, although a Plumbago aid to contain 'rom twenty-six ne 1875, with a Extensive scale, inth, eighth and id watered, and leen miles from ncipal veins, so while the most >f the size of the be fact that one he compajiy are lude appliances order they are ny, suitable for ;, electrotyping, Ottawa, is the ical Survey. MINERALS OP CANADA. -123 6. Buckingham, Q., east half of lot 13, range 10. ..T. D. Ledyard, Toronto, a. Two specimens of plunabago. 6. GrenviUe, Q.,lot 10, range 5 ....John Q. MHler, Toronto. a. Large blocks of unprepared plumbago. b. Specimen of pure graphite. On this lot five beds or veins of more or less pure graphite occur in a belt varying from five to eight feet in width. They range from five to twenty-two inches in thick- ness and are enclosed in a gangue from which the graphite may be readily sep- arated. This gangue consisU of pyroxene, wollastonite, feldspar, and quartz, with smaUer quantities of sphene, phlogopite, zircon, garnet and idocrase. The «ountry-rock consists of white crystalline limestone. The deposit has been opened to a depth of thirty feet along Bi:^ty feet of iU course, and some of the graphite has been exported. It is said that it yielded 34 lbs. of shipping " ore " for every cubic foot excavated, and that one-seventh of this U equal to sample b. Some of the blocks broken up for shipping were estimated to weigh from 700 to 1,500 lbs.— Laurentian. Soapstone (Steatite, Compact Talc). 1. Bolton, Q., lot 24, range 4 , Geological Survey- a. Cut specimens of soapstone. 2. Potton, Q., lot 16 range 5 . Geological Survey a. Cut specimens of soapstone. Among the magnesian rocks at the base of the Quebec group, in that part of its distribution where it is in a metamorphic state, soapstone or steatite occurs in- great abundance. Beds of it, varying in thickness from one to sixteeij feet, can be traced for lon^ distances, usually not far removed from serpentine, dolomite, or magnesite ; or apparently replacing one or other of these rocks. In general the soapstone is remarkably pure, but occasionally there are disseminated in it crys- tals of bitter-spar or of actinolite. the specimens exhibited from Sutton and Bol- ton are from equivalent bands, twenty and thirty feet thick respectively, on the opposite sides of Sutton Mountain. In the latter locality the soapstofae is int«r- stratified with potstone and dolomite, and in some parts of the ban^, the three rocks are seen to interlock among one another in lenticular masses. ' These two bands of soapstone appear to be on the opposite sides of a general synclinal form. —Quebec Group, Lower Siiiirian . Potstone (Compact Chlorite). 1 . Bolton, lot 26, range 2 Geological Survey. a. Cut specimens of potstone. A eonsiderable portion of the rocks of the Quebec group, in their metamorphic condition, consUts of chloritic slates ; which appear to occupy a somewhat higher .J!- ' 124 • DESCBIPftVE CATALOODE. Btratigrftpbical placrthan the more magnesian strata just mentioned, and uinally (i to fill up the middle, and more elevated parta of the synclinal forms of the Quebec series, through the country. There occur also bands of pure compiuit chlorite of ^ potstone interstratifled with the more magnesian strata. 8ome of tWese are of considerable thickness, and the one in Bolton, from which the specimens were derived, has a width of about twenty feet. — Quebec Oroup, l^ower Silurian. Mica Roc O / 1 . Shipton, Q., lot 18, range 5 Geolopi<^l Survey. a. Specimens of mica rock, dressed. ■^ In nearly the same stratigraphical place as the potstone, tfaere»^i)|i«r8,. in, some localities, in the Eastern Townships, a compact, hydrous mic^ wbi<;h «o much resembles potstone as to have been mistaken for it ; and very probajfly it possesses the same refractory properties. Where the specimens were obtained, ^'breadth of five feet is exposed ; the full thickness of the band, however, iisuppos^l^ be ranch grenter.— Quebec Group, tower Silurian.^ '• % ' r-*' •^' Geological Survey. Mica. 1. North B»rge88, O., lot 17, range 9. ., . ^-' a. Specimen of mica, uncut. * b. Plates ot mica, cut and dressed, two sizes. Magnesian niica or phlogopite occurs abundantly, in small scales, In the crys- talline limestones of the Laurentiati system, but sometimes also in crystals" sufficiently large to be economically available. These are g^nefally-met with near bands of quartzite, or of pyroxenic gneiss, limiting the limestones, or near to some interstratified mass of a similar character, and they are usually associated with other minerals. Among these, in addition to quartz, pyroxene and feldspar there occasionally occur,loganite, tabular-spar,apatite,3phene, iron pyrites, idocrase garnet, tourmaline, zircon, and sometimes corundum. In Qrenville, where the mineral is 4mbedded in massive pyroxene rock, close alongside of a band of cry- stalline limestone, crystals of mica have boen obtained, giving sheets measuring twenty-four by fourteen inches. In North Burgess, on lot IT, range 9, the mica ia imbedded'in a soft pyroxenic rock, and a few sheets have been obtained measuring as much as twenty by thirty inches, after dressing. No mica has been mined at this locality since l6Tl or 1872, but previous to that time the deposits bad been worked at intervals by difiierent parties for as much as ten or twelve years. Hica mines were also worked for several years in Urenville , though only on a small scale. — Laurenttan. Asbestus. 1. Melbourne Slate Quarry, Q. , Oeological Survey. a. Specimens of asbestus. The serpentioes of the Eastern Townships are frequently cut by vebis of chry- sotile, the fibrout variety of the same mineral. It is commonly called asbestus, a ^ ed, and uraally 9 of the. Quebec itkfii chlorite of of tWese are of ipecimens were Ulurian. in, gome wbiiph «o much tjfly it possesHB ed, ^'breadth of be r-* ffical Survey. ales, Iji the crys- ilso in crystals" legally •ffiet with lestones, or near iually associated me and feldspar pyrites, idocrase aville, where the of a band of cry- sheets measuring ige 9, the mica is tained measuring as been mined at leposita bad been elve years. Hica only on a small \ HINERiLS OK CANADA. 126 naqte which, strictly speaking, should be restricted to fibrous rarieties of horn blende and pyroxene. The veins as a rule are small and have not as yet been wo^ed with profit. Chrysotile veins also occur in tlie serpentine limestones of the Laurentian ^eries, but so far as known are not o&mucb economic importance. — Quebfc Utou}\ Lower Silurian. \ Fire Clays. 1. Duntla?, O (Jeolntjieal Survey. a. Fire-clay. . ■ ' This clay is derived from an argillaceous hand, twenty feet in thickness, nearthot base of the Clinton formation. The rain washes the clay from the bank; and • deposits it in the bottom of pools at its foot. When the watc'r^lries up in these, the clay is dug from them, and is used in the iron foundries at Diindas and at Ha- milton. The same clay band is met with at many other places along the outcrop ---of-tte Clinton formation. — CHntonformalion. 2. iGrand Lake (Little River), N.B. . a. N. ifr^Vami, St. John, XJi. a. Fire-clay.- - . , .jp, -^ ■ \ This fire-clay is from beds occurring beneath the coal in the JJcw castle j(;Grand Lake) coal field. They have a thickness of from a few inches to foil r feet;, and though sometimes yellowish and ochreous, are at others nearly white and free from impuiities. They are within a short distance of the surface and conveniently situated for transport. Fire bricks made from them are said to answer well. — Carboni/erout. , 3. Pictou County, N. S o. Specimen of fire-clay. b. Fire-brick. Edwin Gilpin, Sprinyrille. 4. Intercolonial Coal Mine, Pictou Count y» N.S Geological Survet^. a. Specimen of fire-clay. Numerous beds of fire-clay occur in the Coal measures of Nova Scotia, and it is N altogether likely that some of them will be found to be of good quality. The few which have been examined, however, contain too large a proportion of alkalies. Considering the large quantities of fire-bricks and fire-clays annually imported into the Dominion from Great Britain and the United States, the thorough testing of Canadian clays is a question of great importance. The value of the fire bricks im- ported in the fiscal year 1873-74 was $78,040 and of fire clay f 10,873. (Trade and Navigation Returns.)— Carftoni/irouj. / , ogical Survey. by Teins of chiy- called asbestus, a Sandstone. 1 . Oneida, ., lots 48 & 49, range 1.... a. Sandstone for furnace liningi. William DeCew. y ^..'. '^•■^ ,■* 126 DESCRIITIVE CATALbOUE. 2. McBride'8 CornWB, U Jamet llotelej,, Montreal. a. SandBtooe for furnace linlnga. 3. 81. Maurice ForgCH, Q .... A J McDmgall d: Soni, Three liivers, Q. a. Sandstone used for blast furnace hearths. '' Tottery Clay and PotterV 1. Seaforth, O I Oeological'Survey. • o. Preserve Jar. 2. London, O .....Charles Pratt. a. Milk-pans. b. Spittoon. *c.. Preserve-jar. d. Nest of flower-pots. t. Clay employed in making the above articles. The clay used is from the township of Westminster. Mr. Pratt uses about 300 tons per year, and manufactures goods to the value of $10,000.— />ri/"<^ nil':' ^ <» 3. Paris. O - ..0. H. Ahren. a. Nest of flower-pdts-and saucers. 6. Spittoon. ' _ ^ r c. Clay used in making the above. ;Phis clay is obtained in the vicinity of Paris. Mr. Ahren uses annually 260 tons, manufacturing goods to the value of $8,000.— Drift. 4. Beamsville,0 Wm. Wells. a. Flower-pot and saucer. ^^ 6. Red clay. \ " '■ I ' ~ This clay is ttom Mr. Tufford's brick yard. Extensive depOsUs of similar clay are found for many miles east and Vest in this section of the country.— Dn//. 5. Peterborough, a, Nest of flower-pote. Eob:. Eomaint Vo X, ..:,. y, Montreal. « liivers, Q. jical'Survey. karlts Pratt. uses about 300 ;. H. Ahren. es annuallj 250 . Wm. Wells. / \ of similar claj try.— Dn//. >&.'. Eomaint r: '•Mff^ \ . \ \ MINERAU8.,0K CANADA. 127 if 6. 8t. Johns^Q E JI. and L. E. Farrar. a. Fancy (ibwer-poU. A^ • ' 4 II II II ^ d. Clay for " " This ware is made from a very exteDgive deposit of blue clay of mariae ojigia which occurs within the towfi limits, and has a thickness of twenty-twu feet, restin(( on a sandy graTel, and covered with one foot of 8«il.— M-iy^. t * ' « 7. 8t. Sauvcur, (neais QueWc) '. ■ Walter Ilobson. a. Rustic flonfer-pot. ,. " b. Cotnmon flower-pot. e. Preserre-jar! d. Hoap-disb. These are made from clay from a marine deposit which is found in the yicinit/ of at. Sauveur. Drain tiles are also manufactured from the same material.— Z>/-i/(. ,8. Wentworth, Hants County, N.8. S. 11. Sweet. a. Specimens of kaolin. — Lower Carboniferout formation. Vo IX. MATERIALS FOR GRINDING AND POLISHING. 1 Whetstones. ^ 1. Collingwooil, O., lot 25, range 6 Geological Survey. i, o. Cut whetstones. ' •, These whetstones are obtained from about twenty feetof thin, even-bedded, and very fine grained sandstones and arenaceous shales, at the top of the Hudson River formation. The inhabitants of the neighbourhood make whetstones for their own use from this rock, but it has never been extensively worked. The same rock is found in the same geological position at Meaford; Cape Rich, and on the Grand Manitoulin Island. — Hudion River Jormation. • ' I ■ ^ 4 \ 2. Nottawaeaga, O., lot 24, range 11 '• • geological Survey. a. Cut whetstones.- The specimens are taken from about twenty feet of freestone, representing the grey-band. The reck is in every way suited to make superipr scythe-stones, al- though they have never yet been manufactured from it. — JHtdinaJormation. , V -%-^ ..J 128 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, 3. Noisy River Falls, Nottawasaga, Geological Survey. a. Cut whetstones. These specimens are from a few feet of rery fine-grained compact sandstone at the foot of the fulls, and immediately underlying the dolomij^e of the Clinton for- mation. It appears to be the upper part of the grey-band. The rock is not worked in this locality. — Medina formation. I 4. -Mad DC. , O., lots 4 and 5, range 5 ( '^Geological Survey. a. Cut whetstones. The mica slates associated with the crystalline limestones of the Laurentian se- ries are frequently of the character required for scythe-stones, and a band of this description occurs in Madoc. The whetstone-rock occurs not far from crystalline limestone, and in immediate contact with a thick band of conglomerate. — Laurentian. «. 5. Stanstead, Q., lot 15, range 1. a. Cut whetstones. 6. Hatley, Massawippi Lake, Q. a. Cut whetstones. Geological Survey. . Geological Survey. . Geologmil Survey. . Geological Survey. 1. Bolton, Q., lot 23, range 6 a. Cut whetstones. 8. Kingsey, Q., lot 7, range 2 a. Cut whetstones. In the Eastern Townships, stones of a good grit for the purpose of whetstones are found in several places. A band of this kind runs from Whetstone Island in Memphremagog Lake, lot IS, range 1, of Stanstead, by Lee's Pond to the head of Massawippi Lake, in Hatley, a distance of nearly twelve miles, and it may be available much further. The rock appears to be a mica slate, passing into an ar- gillite, and its stratigrapbical place would seem to be above the magnesian series. There is alio a range of whetstone roqk on each side of the anticlinal running from Melbourne to Danville, beneath the magnesian rocks. This rock again ap- pears on the north-west side of the Shipton and St. Armand synclinal, in Kingsey, and good samples of the stone occur on lot 7, range 2, of this township. They are much softer than the Memphremagog stones, the rock being probably more argillaceous. The Bolton stone very much resembles that of Memphrema- gog, but its stratigraphical place is probably th#Bame as that of Kingsey. — Que~ bee Group. • 9. Joggina, Cumberland Coonty, N.S a. whetftones. . Seamana de Go. ^gical Survey. act sandstone at ' the Clinton for- >ck is not worked ■)gical Survey. e Laurentian se- id a band of this from crystalline conglomerate. — ogical Survey. gical Survey. ogiail Survey. ogical Survey. >se of whetstones letstone Island in nd to the head of s, and it may be Asing into an ar- magnesian series, aticlinal running s rock again ap- ulinal, in Kingsey, if this township. ;k being probably t of Mempbrema- f Kingsey.— ^tt<- Seamana /'' ^.-S' 4* ■ /• 132 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. t iir: 4. Brant, lot 31, ranges 1,2 Geological Surveif. /'«r Laurenltan. b colour and fine small stream, on and about half a ^ 16, apparently of of nine feet, th& rate some of the ogical Survey. loUred base. ■ igical Survey. n a dark colonred n limestones and [te, and quartzifer- d. The porphyry }forthoclaM,and, ists of ^n intimate yd of iron. The f beajitiful. That tther large masse » ^logical Survey. s. ological Survey. Albite (peristerite). . 1. Bathurst, lot 19, range ' , Gtoioglcal Survey. 1 a. Specimens of albite, cut and polished. • This mineral, the peristerite of Thompson, so called from its beautiful bluish opalescence, is'a variety of albite. ft occurs in large cl.avab le ."»^-«, - t^^- semihated grains of quartz, in veins cutting i.aurent.an strata. The Spe~« Txhibited Jere obtained f«»m Dr. James Wilson, of Perth, the discoverer of the mteVat who collected them in the locality indicated. A vej^^ the same cha««er occurs on The north side oi Stoney Lake, near the mouth orEel Creek, in Burleigh. ^ .^urse i about N. 55^ E., and it intersects a white crystalline limestone, LteSeed with blackish-gr;v gneiss, The vei. consists of a fine grame^ mix- Tur; of reddish white albite and quarts, in which are enclosed large cleavable mies of the opalescent albite, with occasional portions of fine granular black tourmalin*.— /'<'"'•«"<""'• Eerthite. 1. Burgess, lot 3, range 6. Geological Survey. a. Specimen of perthite, cut and polished. The perthite of Thompson occurs in large cleavable ma^es, <=«"«titut'ng in- associaL with quartz, 4 pegmatite, which occurs in veins « ;»-";.^^^^^^^ ness cntUng the strata of the Laurentian series. It consists of interlammated orthoclase and albite, the darker bands being orthoclase.-Lauw/K.an. Jasper Conglomerate.' • ,. I.Bruce Mines, Lake Huron Oeological Survey. , a. Specimens of jasper conglomerate, polished .and rough. A. Vase of jasper conglomerate, made in Paris. X* «» . i ■* »rn^..inia flatr r, ^iinprior ... . . . Geological Survey , -P 2. Northern extremity ol (ioulaie nay, u. aup«Tioi r s-^ ,1 a. Polished epecimens. " ^ 1. ..'r.T .^ ' , ' ' ■ ' 4 • * .: 1!,^^ . .^j?; hi ' p % 134 li"'! 1)1, •i" lu i PESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. ' ThiB remarkable and beantiful rock occurs" in ll\e form of thick beds, constitu- ting in fact mountain masses, along with tie white quartzite formation of the Hu- ronian series. The matrix consisU of "white quartiite and the pebbles of red and black jasperB and smoky chalcedony. Thick bands of it run for miles through the country north of the Bruce Mines and on the noYth stde U Ooulals Bay, L^ke Su- perior. It comes to the shore of the St. Maiy'g River about four miles west of Campement d'Oura and to the east shore of Lake George in two places. Boulders of ifare abundant along the lake and river shores in this region. A ridge show- ing several varieUes of the rock runs within half a mile of the northern extrem- ity of Goulais fey. Sonje varieties of the/ock contain numerous small drusy cavities, and mi J|t make good millstones.— ^wronian. Amethystine Quartz. . 1. Amethyst Harbor, Lake Superior, .' . •" Geological Survey. a. Two blocks of crystals of amethystine quartz. b. Ornamental pile composed of several hundred specimens of the same: Nearly every vein cutting the cherty and argillaceous slates, the syenites and diorites around Thunder Bay; contains more or lessnof this mineraL At Amethyst Harbor, openings have been made on several veins cutting dark cherty slates for the purpose of obtaining these crystals, which constitute almost the entire vein- matter.— JVipi^on Seriet. , • ' i. McKenzie's River, Lake Superior. \ R. Blackwood and Geo. Mc Vicker, ( Thund^Bay. (t. Block of large crystals of amethyst, coated with iron-pyrites. b. Amethyst associated with cubes ^f fluorite coatedwith iron-pyrites. The vugs in.the large irregular veins passing into the syenite at the mouth of .McKenzie's River, Thunder Bay, are lined with crystal, of amethysts, which in the larger cavities attain a diameter of six inches. Immense masses of these crystals have been taken out of the more accessible vugs, but a large supply might yet be obtained by opening new veins or following down the old ones.— Buronian. Agates. 1. Michipicoten and St. Ignace Islands, Lake Superior. a. Specimens of agates, cut and polished. Geological Survey. these agates occur on the south and north shores of Lake Superior, particularlj on the island of St Ignace, and on Simpson's Island to the east of it; but the largest and bestare derived from the trap of Mi^icoten Island, where they strew the shore in great abundance. On this island, agate occurs not only in the form of nodules in the trap, but in veins, filling cracks and dislocations, which traverse the trap, and run in several directions.— <7opjoer-6«an'ny Seriet. NoT»— T n additio n to the mine rals de scribed a bove^ Mr. W. A. Morrison, of Toronto, exhibits a collection of Canadian precious stones >i& A iit^^ tikJ:^ -uuiu^jL A^^ "# " vs ^( > leds, constitu- tioD of the Hu- iles of red ajid eg through the Bay, L^ke Sa- miles west of ices. Boulders A ridge show- rtbern extrem- is small drusy ical Survey. the same: M syenites and At Amethyst herty slates for he entire vein- reo. Mc Vicker, -pyrites. %t the mouth of oetbysts, which masses of these a large supply the old ones. — igical Survey. rior, particularly istof it; but th» where they strew only in the form I, which traverse , A. Morrison, of MINEBAL8 OF CANADA. 135 XT. MISCELLANEOUS.;, . •' + Sandstone for Glass-making. - li Oneida, 0., lots 48 and 49Arange 1 William De Cew. Caygua, 0. a. Sandstooe for glass-making. ' , - . 2. McBride'8 Corners, Jamts Howley, MoSISl. a. Sandstone for glass-making. ' . 3. NepeaC O., lot 6, range 2 . .' " B. Bishop, Bell's Cwmtrs. d. Sandstonf: for glass-making. J " ", - pulverized. Moulding Sand and Clay. 1. OwenSound.O '■ Geological Survey. a. Specimen of moulding sand. Moulding sand occurs in two places at Owen Sound, which together may have an area of six acres, with an average depth of eight or nine inches. It is used at the iron foundries in the town, and is said to answer well.— I'n/i. 2. Lewisville, O a. Specimen of moulding sand . Geological Survey. From a bed about one foot thick. Used in the iron foundries at Goderich.- J^i/t. . ■ Dunda8,0 ' , GeologicalSurvey. a. Specimen of moulding sand. This sand iccurs on the surface, in patches tVom a few' rods to se^rri acres in extent, on the tops and sid^s of hills of coarser sand. The best ii-fd^nd next the surfaci, and the Tayer seldom exceeds a foot in depth. Considerab|e quanUtiea have been shipped during the last few years.— />rt/i(. 4. Limehouse, .....'....r Geologic, a. Specimen of clay. T his clay is used for moaldJBg, and al so f o rf a rnace linings. I Survey. , ri^-* * ^\ \ . 136 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. 5. MoDtrea1,'Q Robert Bannerman. a. Specimen of clay. This clay occurs in thin layers interatratified with the blue clay at Jhe pits of Messrs. Bulmer & Sheppard. It is used in foundries chiefly for making cores.— Drift, Carbonaceous Shale. 2. Queen Charlotte Islands, B.C , Geological Survey. a. Indian earrings made of indurated carbonaceous shale. This shale is associated with the anthracite of ti*g. Queen Charlotte Islands. It is quarried by the Haidah Indians, and carved by them into t6bacco pipes, grotesque images, Ac. — Crelaceout of Juratiie t Artificial Stone. 1. Strathroy, Milner d: Heard. a. Window, arch and vase of artificial stone. / • . - ' «-''■" 2. Tilaonburg, O ^ Hon. J. C. Jocelyn. Two square paving tiles. • 3. Quebec, Q -...^P- Oamreau ». ^^ » - -■ ■ \ ' ■, V JY.f?> ■'^y '• ■i* ^ -^X . ^ NOTES 01 A STEATIGRAPHICAL COLLECTION or CANADIAN ROCKS BT A. R. C. SELWYN, F.R.S., F.G.S., Director of the Oeoloffical Survey of Canada. Df a 8upple- • ^ f ?l ** f !- ■ ■ Jti ■ \ t V .i&Mi^H^^^^^ / /'' 1 1 I' |. ......^ B V li ' ,V \ ROCKS OF canaSj 137 NOTES - . ON * A STRATIGRAPHICAL COLLECTION OF CANADIAN ROCKS. A. R. C. SELWYN, F.R.S.. F.G.S., Director of the Geological Survey of CanaM. This collection, containing 1074 apecimeris-rocU. 902, ^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ according to the supposed age of the formations, bpec.mens from the same lor- mation in different localities are group«d together. Primordial In studying the rocks of the various groups in Canada, from the Pr'^o^^ al Silurian u'p to the:base of the Carboniferous, the difference .n ---4^;;-' which is everywhere apparent in the same format.on on ^''^er s.de of vthe g e^t ^reak of the St. Lawrence valley-or the gr«at St. Lawrence and Cham^ am Tnttls ml remarkable. To the south-east, between^be St. Lawrence valley and th A7ntic, all the formations are in a more or less ->n7^P'"; f^^'^"",, •sharp folds, intense slaty cleavage, and often a high sta« of "y '^"'Jf ';;^;^. con7untlyexhibUed, while to the ;,orth-west nothi:ng of the ^ "*«».« b^ - there Is no abrupt contortion, no slaty cleavage, and an «>-« ^^^^^^'^/^^ • J crystalline rocks. This disturbed, altered and crystalUne <='>"<»"'°^ f /^^ ^^^^ ^° the sooth-eastern area, and their consequent resemblance '" P""/" J'^^^^J' nndoubted Huronian and even Laurentian age elsewhere, has led ^o*"; o^r-J"* '^ Canada and in the neighbouring Stat*, to assign the bulk of these crystall me rocks SCre^ilurian erf. notwithstanding that todo so « J-'^ ^ °P''7;^J, "'^ to straUgraphical and to pateontological evidence. Such bemg the case these deter minaTil's sLld not be hastily accepted, especially when the very unceriam natu e of mi».eral character as a test of geological antiquity is '=o°'"l'"^«'^-^^^" „ „f '' is so could scarcely be more conclusively shown than by a ^o^pa «on of the specimens in the present collection, which includes serpentmes, d'or.tes •naBne- UUs, crysUlline limestones and other varieties of crystalhne '»«''* .''«'»^;"^^ ColumWa, none of them probably older than ^^'^^'^^^^f C\^^^^L e««nined in situ or in hand specirftens, can not be distingmshed, either as r gards general physical condition, or in special mineral characters, trom others, collected Tn Ontario and in eastern Canada, which are of undoubted Laurenuan age. The distinctive condition of the several formations in the eastern "ndtn the west. em areas, above briefly alluded to, as well as the great St^ Lawrenc^ ""^ « bamplam fault, hai already been pointed out by Dr. T. Sterry Hunt, Geology of Canada 1863 pTge 597. After describing the run of ti.e •' .-«.«„,. Mocatr^^r .er,e. 0/ , diJc^Z," he says : " For the present purpose it will be conven.ent to consider this line of dislocation as one separating the paleozoic *«cks of ';;»»»j^ '"^ «" «ast«rn and a western district. In the latter, which also extend, ea'twa ^ «» far as Anticosti on the north of the line, there are found the various '»«•«''"« jf »^° pal«o«oic series fbom the PoUdam to the Devonian system, mclusive presenting the character by which they are g.uerally known to American GeoloK«ts and unaltered and in nearly horizontal position. . , . . " In the eastern district, on the contrary, is found a vastsenes of strata ...... The whole of these rocks are, however, much contorted and, with the exception If a narrow belt along the north aid west limits 6f the district, are in a ^ta.^^ phoud condition,^^6. are ing^ded ii^that great belt of altered rocks which stretches • ■• — ,/ ^ • .. ~ i38 DESCRIPIIVE CATALOGUE. Trom Ons]>i- to Alabama. The mrtamorphism has comprehended not only the Qiieljec grou|r, but those of the Upper Silurian and Lower Devonian leriei to the east of them, and in Masgachiisetta it has inchided the rocks of the Carboniferous Hystrm. It is, moreoTer, probable, that the rocks of New Hampshire and tbe White MoiintniiiB are Hltvred strata of Devonian age." Tlie prpdeiit collection has been arranged with the view of illustrating the facts above stated, the unaltered rocks of each formation in the western area being tulliiwcd by the altered rucka of the same formation in the eastern area. Tlie li)rTnationB and localities which are represented by specimens in the collec- tion are as follows : I. L1XJKE.\TIAN. \ It is now 3,iiproied that tbe rocks of this system in Canada will have to be diTidedl into a lower, middle and upper series. Tbe line- between the lower and middl* or "Bastings" series is not yet well defined. The lower diviatbn, howeTer, em- braces the great dolockte, ophiolite and crystalline limestone series, with the as- sociated micaceous granitoid and syenitic gneisses of Burgess, Qrenrille and Buck- ingham. The middle division comprises the Arnprior banded limestones with associated slates, mica schists and coarse diorites ; while the upper division, restinf uoconformably on tbe lower and middle, consists largely of anorthoiite rocks with some bands of coarsely crystalline limestone and quartzltes. The economic minerals of tbe Laurentian system are, in tbe lower division, gra- phite, apatite, mica, magnetite, hematite and pyrites ; in tbe middle division, goici, galena, silver, bismuth, antimony, iron and copper pyrites, fine-grained magnetitei and hematites. In tt)e upper division the only ores met with are beds of ilmenit- or titaniferous -magnetite. The crystalline limestones, dolomites and opbiolites often afford handsome ornamental marbles. Eozoon has been found both ia the lower and middle divisions. There are no serpentines associated with either the middle or the upper series. ' '' ' The foregoing brief description is applicable only to the comparatively small areas of Laurentian rocks which have been examined in portions of the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. In the much larger areas lying north and nortb-west of Lake Superior, and io the game latitude on the east, from the Saguenay to Labra- dor,no bands of limestone bnve been discovered among the Laurentian rocks ; and the entire formation there, so far as known, appears to consist of repeated alternations of grey feldspatbic and dark bornblendic, micaceous and garnetiferous gniesses and quartzites, with, occasionally, areas which are occupied by massive crystalline gnipitic and syenitic rocks, in which no traces of stratification can be discerned, and'Wbiob may probably be of intrusive origin. Spccihinb. - ■ Dolerite, porphyry, and breccia: occurring in dykes and mksses cutting Laurentian rocks.— Nos. 1 to 7. (Ag^ uncertain). 1. Lotcer /.nurentiuff, 8 to 84. Localities represented. Gananoque, Burgess, Nortb'Sherbrooke, Hull, Grenville, Chatham, Wentwortb, / River Rouge, Ramsay, Huntington. 2. Middlt fjourtntian, or " Hattifigt serin," 85 to 138. ^^ .V i > ^^^Ai^i^d^ia^^ B0CK8 OF CANADA. 139 Wentworttay / Localiiiet reprewnled. B.tbnn.t. OId.o. Kala.Ur. Sheffield. Pakenban,. Da.Uoos., Maaoc-^udor, U.act. Elierir, Barrie. 3. LauT»,tianoJ Ney> Brunm:iek,n9\o\9->. Localities represented. St. John, Mooseratb. Pisarinco, Dipper Harbour, Ma.qna..., liig-dnck Uland, Nerepis River. . ■* i.Laur.nti6no/ Cape Breton, y.S,mX0 2il. Localities represented. Kelly Oow, Cape Danpbin, George's River. Tbe roc*, which are .uppo«=d to be of I^-^ntian age injew B-BWic'j «^ in Nova Scotia, occur over --P^-t'-^y ^^''^'J^w JnZ R port of ProgreBB have been f""^ described b,MB,^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ /,,. Laurentian of the Geological Survey, 1870-71 , ana «'« » J*^ ^ ^p Breton ia axis to the northHsastvrard through Nova ^'^l^^^^ ^^IZl^^^l^^^ exhibited shown on the coloured geological map of '.'"'^7" ^'""^^^ ^^J^^very parUally with tbe collection^ This P"^;^;^^:^ Sl^in^o fo™^^^^^^^^ »•"« =:! fJ tt Lr ^^— ons":*:: "lwe^ver%en observed in .neon- . formable contact with it, in different parts of iU'course. 5. Upper Laurentumor " Lahrudorile teriei," 228 to 254. , Localities represented. Burg«s, Bawdon,Wentwortb,St. Jerome, Chateau Richer. Chicoutimi, S^ven Island, Labrador. Thi. remarkable series of rocks j"- ^--^-;f j;;^^^^^^^^^^^ to Labrador. In the vicinity of O'*"""^' °° '^'XTv overly% the limestone SirW, B. Logan to be in "--^"""f « ^^'^'^P^^et^^^^ and gneiss series (Lower Laurent.ao). In none of the 'ocaimes obse^ed have its precise limits or ■^^^'^^'^'^''^''^'^y^^Z'^Z hITs cot. mined.'.^xcept in the prevalence ''f J^'^^^f J^^^'tr^J^ H^^^ greatly differ from the older "Lower L*"""^'" ^/'J^y^.^^Jie^of this rock of the Upper Laurentian anorthos.tes, says . ^h* "/•^''r:'™! ^etic ma. often exhibit in K-at perfection the str^«j..ul.ngfro^^^^^^ Taneties waxy or dull. The y«»*'';3 . ^^^ ^j ^t be mistaken at first but for which gome of the white gr^ulaf v»rioiw» m k sight for quartiitef .'/. ' n. ■ HUBONIAN AND LOWBR CAMBRIA.S SERIES. ! I 140 DESCRIPllVE CATALOGUE. to the Laurenlian system on the one hand, and to the Lower Cambrian or Primor. dial Silurian and to the Upper copper-bearing rocks of Lake Superior on the other, remain uncertain. Some of the facts which Have been ascertained point to the .possibility of its connection with the groap which is provisionally classed as Middle Laurentian, while others seem to indicate that it is more closely connected with the Lower Cambrian. As will be seen from an examination of the specimens, it varies considerably in^ its lithological character in the diflFerent regions. In that of Lakes Huron and Superior it is largely made up of siliceous slates,. with massive beds of quartzite and slate conglomerate, associated with a great variety of dioritic and chloritic rocks. Granitic and hornblendic gneiss with micaceous' and nacreous schists are also common. And there are occasionally beds of hard grey siliceous limestone, and of whitish granular dolomite. In several localities beds of dark green chromiferous serpentine have been observed which do not apparently differ from those occurring in the Quebec group. With these bedded rocks there occur many irregular patches and dyke-like protrusions of granite, red syenite and porphyry. Some of these seem to be of Laurentian age, as they have contributed fragments to the Huronian slate conglomerates. In New Brunswick and in Cape Breton the aeries is noharacterized by a great variety of felsites and felsitic trap ashes (petro-siliceous-rocks,) often porphyritic with vitreous quartz, and with feldspar. Massive quartzite, conglomerates and siliceous slates, so prevalent in the Like Superior region, are here almost wanting- With the Upper Copper-bearing rooks, however, there are porphyritic felsites quite like those. of the New Brunswick Huronian. The grey quartzites (whin) and .flil^eous gold-bearing slates of Nova Scotia and the peculiar dioritic, chloritic and ■erotic rocks of Jebogue Point in the vicinity of Yarmouth, N.S., are also pro- visionally considered to be Huronian. The former are probably somewhat newer. They apparently occupy the same geological horizon as the Harlech group of Britain, and they precisely resemble it in lithological and in mineral character, while those of New Brunswick and of Cape greton more nearly resemble the Long- mynd rocks. When in proximity to the granitic masses these rocks pass into uflca^eous, gneissoae and granitic forms, as do likewise all the newer rocks, up to thebase of the Carboniferous. t^ 6. Huronian Series, 255 to 423. , Localities represented. Lake Huron and Lake Superior regions, 255 to .305. Country containing rocks of the Upper Copper-bearing series, 306 to 352. New Brunswick, St. John, Ac, 353 to 394. Cape Breton, Louisburg, Ac, 395 to 416. Nova Scotia, Jebogue Pt., Varmouth, Ac, 417 to 425. ' ■• 7. Lower CamMaii-. Nova Scotia, Atlantic coast, 426 to 450. The Upper Copper-bearing rocks, or Nipigon series, numbers 306 to 352, are placed here for convenience of comparison with the Huronian rocks of Lake Superior upon which they rest. They are certainly newer than these, but accord- ^ ing to the most recent investigations of them in Northern Michigan, they are ooir considered to be (^der than the Potsdam formation. The remarkable general similarity of the Cape' Breton rocks to those which, - — -accordiag to Mmw». B»iUy # M»ttb«w, n adMlw Hw P r luio r d i*! Sil uri an of ~ -»-t ROCKS OP CANADA. 141 ^^. John, combined with the recent discovery of fossils of Potsdam age, in beds whicb . seem to dverlie them, has suggested their provisional classification with the Uuronian. The rocks of JebogflrToint, Yarmouth and Cape St. Mary seem to be lower than the gold-bearing slates ^nd quartzites (whin) in the same neighbourhood. The latter are supposed to represent either the baseof ihe Primordial or the Lower Cambrian series. / o III. LOWEE SILURIAN., « ... ^ '8. Prmordta/Si/wnan anrf Potsdam, 451 to 510. With the Primordial are classed the black slates, sandstones, Ac, of St. John New Brunswick, and also the upper black slates of the Nova Scotia AUantic coast series, of Halifax, Dartmoutl^Oven Bluffs, &c , the latter holding.-i?opAyfew Liverpool, Sherbrooke, Cleve- land, Ascot, Kingsey. The unconformable relations of the Quebec group to the Potsdam on the south shore of the St. Lawrence below Quebec, is shown by Mr. Richardson (Report of Progress, Geological Survey of Canada, 1869-70), and the most recent investigar tions of its relSUons in the Eastern Townships south-west of Quebec, while they conBrm the previous determinations of Sir W. E. Logan regarding the general structure and posiUon of the group, point to the conclusion that some of the black slates an(J limestones hitherto included in the distribuUon of the Levis formation are perhaps of Chazy or Trenton age. 13. Kingston series, New Brunswick, 609 to 624. Localities represented. Kingston Peninsula, St. John Narrows (east side,) Long Reach, St. John River, Lands End, Kings County. A good deal of uncertainty still exists regarding the position of these rocks. No fossiis have been found in them. Messrs. Bailey A Matthew consider them to be C certainly older than the Upper Silurian, but probably newer than the St. John Primordial. 14. Chazy formation. 625 to 638. Localities represented. Pembroke, Bell's Corners, Hull, Gloucester, Clarence, Caughnawaga. Fossils, 36-41. This formation has not been certainly recognized in Canada on the east side of the great fault ; unless it is represented by some portion of the Levis or Sille* for- mations. On the west side it rests directly on the Calciferous, but unconfortlably and the fauna of the two formations likewise indicate a complete break. At one time Sir W. E. Logan, (page 20, Geology of Canada, lfi63,) considered the Chazy and Calciferous to equal the Sillery and Levis. But in 1865, Mr. Billings writing of the guccession as seen in Newfoundland says : " It would appear that the rocks at Point Levis not only overlie, but also when the series is complete are at least 2,000 feet above the true Calciferous. Judging from the fossils alone I should say that the Levis formation immediately succeeds the Calciferous, but the r^cal evidence seems to show that such is not the case." he succession given as found at Bonne Bay, Newfoundlanll, is : Sillery .....2,000 feet. Levis l.-'O"" Limestones not represented in Canada and holding an altogether new fauna, having an aspect partly Calciferous, • partly Levis, partly Chaky and partly Trenton 1,3C9 " Calciferous 1^839^feet. ^=.= ^ ■ 6 , gQ " .,=::^ I ■-.'.'le.lt .4 ; \.:: ; "■^■' V ^^'5'^^"' y \ X) *■ ROCKS of; CANADA. 143 Joha These are underlaid bv the PoUdara group, 2020 feet in thicltaess coasisting ^ of quartzites, dolomites and shales. 15. Bird's Eye, Black Rher awl Trenton formations, 039 to 6-48. Localities represented. Paquettp Rapids, Pointe Seche, Montreal, Pointe aux Trembles. Fossils 48-52. '» Sir W. E.' Logan says, (Geology of Canada, 1S63,> '■ The Bird's Eye, Black River and Trenton formations constitute one of the most persistent and conspicuously marked series of strata of the Lower Silurian period on the continent of North America. They first appear to the north-east in small outliers at Murray Bay and Lake St. John, resting on the Laurentian, and from Cape Tourmente below^juebec they have been traced with an almost unbroken outcrop for a distance of nearly ^000 miles westward, into the southern part of Minnesota, where they are overiaid *nd concealed by newer rocks." They re-appear in Canada to the north, in the )4fece of Manitoba, whence they have been observed at intervals, and probably a continuous belt, to the shores of ihe Arcsic Ocean. !y have not been certainly identified in Canada on .the east side of the St. „»„.ence and Champlain fault, unless some portion of the black slates and plum- baginous limestones included hitherto in the Levis division of the Quebec group are of this age, which the fossils recently found iji them would seem to indicate ; . or else that we have in the Levis formation of the Eastern Townships a comming- ling of forms similar to that noticed above as occurring in Newfoundland. 16. Utica Slate and Uudnon River formations, (549 to 675. Localities represented. Collingwood, Gloucester, Lake St. John, Cote St. Michel, St. Marks, Anticosti With the Hudson River rocks are placed a few specimens of the intrusive rocks, dolerites, diorites and trachytes, which are intruded among the members of the Lower Silurian series, but which may themselves be of much more recent data. "The most remarkable of these in Canada form a line of isolated hill8,.eight in number, extending about ninety miles along the line of an undulation, which has disturbed the Lower Silurian strata. These hills, beginning from the west, are Rigaud, Mount Royal, Montarville, Belosil, Rougemont, Yamaska, Brome and Shefford mountains; to which may be added Mount Johnson or Monnoir, a little to the south of this line. These masses have been left by denudation as hills covering areas of several miles and sometimes more than 1000 feet in height, and present great varieties in composition. Brome and Shefford are granitoid trachytes, Yamaska, partly trachyte and partly diorite; to which latter rock also belongs Beloeil, so far as examined, and Monnoir, Rougemont, Montarville; and Mount Royal are doleritea, and Rigaud is, in great part, a granitoid trachyte Dykes of numerous varieties of trachyte and of phonolite, cut the dolcntes of Mount Royal, and the ebales of the Hudson River formation. The conglomerate ' of St Helen's Island, which overiies and encloses masses of Upper Silunan lime- stone, as well as fragments of granitoid dolerite, is in its turn traversed by dykes of a newer rock, which is also a dolerite. The strata in the vicinity of these intru- give masses are not altered except nefcr the line of contact." The lithologiMl characters of the Utica and Hudson River formations are not specially interesting : the strata composing them are made up of black gr»ptolitic shales, arenaceous shales, sandstones and limestones. Like the preceding group they have not been found in Canada to the south-east of the great fault m-frnmam^^mftmc^^ ^pf»^r>*. PF^ii^ v' » t 144 ■.f"' '^DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE. IV.. :;^..- MIDDLE AND UPPER. SILURIAN. 17. Medina and Clinton formations, 616 Ui 618. Localitiea. represented. Qrimsby, Dundas, Hamilton, Limehouse. Fossils 78-SO. - • 18. Niagara formation, 683 to 693. Localities represented. Dundas, Gtimsby, Rockwood, Tborold, Anticosti. : Fossils 81-89. 19. Guelph formation, 694 to 695. Qptlpb, Gait. Localities represented. Fos^ls 90-98. , UPPER SILURIAN. 20 jL Onondaga formation; 696 to 698. Localities represented. Godericb, Oxbow, Cayuga. ' This is tbe great salt and gypsum bearing formation of Western Canada, 21. Lower BeUierberg formation, 699 to 706. Localities represented. ' ' Bertie, Cayuga, Gasp^ (limestones). Fossils 99-106. MIDDLE AND UPPER SILURIAN OF EASTBRft AREA. Formations 17 to 21 of Western area, 707 to 735. Localities represented. 22. Quebec. Boltqn, Sbipton, Chaudiire, Temiscouata Lake, Ririire du Loap, Oasp^.^ 23. New Bntnsvnck. Obamcook Lakes, PetersTille, Moore's Mills, Oak Bay. ^ "^^ T-.^!^-,!Ks?;fT-».; ROCKS OF CANADA. 145 Queens Brook, Norepia Valley, Woodstock. U. Nova Scotia 136 to 153. . - ■ *" Arisaig, Frenchman's Bam, Bast River, ^Malignant Cove, Doctor's Brook McLellan's Brook. . ^ Fossils.— 107 Arisaig. Some of the specimens incladed with the above (736 to 763) are probablf^lder than the group with which they are placed. They may belong to the Laurentian series which is exposed at intervals from Cape St. George to Cape ChiegnectoS but the relMions and distribution of which in this region have not yet been studied by the. Canadian Geological Corps, but are indicated on the colonred geological map of the Lower Provinces. The valuable deposits of Iron ore, herhatite a^d limonlte of Londonderry, [Pictou, kc, in Nova Scotia, are associated with thesd Upper Silurian formations. ./ S'i I V. DEVONIAN. / ' 2fi. Oriskamy and Oomiferoiu formations, 764 to 766. Localities represented. ^^ Oayaga, Oneid*. ' ". '. ■ ■ - Fossil* 108-137. i / * :3- da. 26. EamilUm formation. HamiltoOi Locality represented. , Fossils 'i28-133. asp^.^ The distribution of thtse formations is shown on the large geologically coloured I' map of Canada, and they have been fully described by Sir W. B. Logan in the fourteenth chapter of the "Geology of Canada." As the sonr^ of all the petroleum produced in the Dominion, and as affording ezccllekit lime and fine bnilding stone they aro of g^t economic importance. / .1' 27. Deoaman of Eattem Area. Formtttioju 25 and 3& of the Western Area 767 to 781, Localities npreaented. ■ ." Belceil, Oasp«, Port JoU, Hatapedia. Miipee Otaek, St. John, N.B., Nietau, N.S., and Peace BiferrB.C. FoMila 134-141. »••• , .»■' ' •• csi:.ihw:M'r^i^:>^:~, ^TT^PfiPViTr^^]^!/^^^ -v'fP-pr x~^ * ^.-^-^ n^.\!* ^ iH»^*if?;^^^?^ F- jX^m^*^ &*•* # 9>^ 146 DISCBIPTiyE CATALOGUE. 28. Deconian Oranites, 781 to 804. ProTUices represented. Quebec. ^ ' New Brunswick. » Novtt Scutia. 34. 36, VI. .%, CARBONIFEROUS, PERMIAN AND TRIAS. 29. Lower CaH)onifer(ms, B:S*. if,. A-«,,i|5Ey li". H-T ., i."-. ,' '*■" , --rr ROCK8 OF CANADA. 147 vn. BOCKS OF BKITISH COLUMBIA. 34. Oryslalline rocks of undetermined age, 855 to 884. 36. Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous formations, 885 to 892. I 36. Devonian and Carboniferous formations, 893 to 899. * ' Localities represented. Vancoav«r and Ballina l8landB.o 87. Cretaceous formation, 900 to 902, Localities reproseated. Queen Charlotte Islands. Vancourer Island. "^ ■ NoTi.— In addition to the stratig^phical collection of rocks from the Geologi- cal Surrey, Dr. Honeyman of the Proyincial Museum, Halifax, exhibits a collection of Nora Scotia rocks. Professor How of Windsor, Ngra Scotia, a collection of minerals, and Mr. H. S. Poole, of Halifax, a collection of ores and associated rocks. > , / i i • ] J /... ■*..,._..:,. m?"^ i ■ • ';';'( '- J^'^ ^'^/■ f^ ■^M^yfl/^T'% « .7 ' < • * 7 /M f^ P?^-'- 1 ■ t; ■ i , •• <• 'i - , 1 ^ - '%■ .;-.'! ' - ^ J 1 ■-• • . * * / J^' 'ijlk^.-. f- K ♦"I* l*« ^ f^t ? •-*' 41^ ^ i* S^^^ *^J "i J^»* TABLE OF CONTENTS. ECONOMIC MINERALS OP CANADA. I. MetaU and their Ores. ' ■ ■ -- ' PAGE. Native Iron..... •.• ; ^ Uognetio Iron Ore •" • 4 Iron Sand • '•'••■• 11 Hematite 12 Ilmenite or Titaniferous Iron Ore 17 ., Limonite (mcluding Bog Iron Ore) 17 Spathi^^fon Ore '. 22 Cl«. 25 Zinc, Sulphide of. 30 Lead, Sulphide of, or Galena ......v , 32 Silver, Native and Ores of. 34 Gold \ 39 Platinum v ..•• 44 Antimony, Sulphide and Oxysulphide of- • ••..•< 45^ Bismuth, Sulphide of. ..>•><...< -.., 46 V II. iialerials used in the production of Heat and ht. Anthracite 46 * Bituminous Coal 47 J lignite or Brown Coal 57 Albertite >...- • y- 57 Bituminoiu Shale ........4..... .../.,... 58 Petroleum .j ■)■■'■■• 60 Peat. /• 63 " •^ -i ^ t .' iil I ■^r" r v"'> ',•/■ '"■f-fr. i ^ * ^ ''S' "", ""^^ ' 150 •tABLI op 00MTENT8. • III. MineraU applicabU to certain Chemical Manufactures, a,nd their. Products. Iron Pyrites, iSulphuric Acid, &o ^ ^ Pyrrhotine, or Maguetid Iron Pyrites ^ 65 Apatite, or Phosphate of Lime 65 Magnesite, or Carbonate of Magnesia. •... 66 ralcite,„or Carbonate of Lime 67 Chromic Iron '. • 6« Oxides of Manganese.... •■•••• 67 IV. Mineral Manures. Gypsum...;. • ■'■ ^^ Shell Marl '■ ^3 ' -J V. Mineral Pigments and' Detergents. Iron Ochres, Ac '" Barytesor Heavy Sparv :. 76 Soap-clay ;••■•• ; y 7S t i * VI. Salt, Brines, and Mineral atert. Salt and Brine 7S Mineral Waters •** 82 VII- Materials applicable to common and Decorative Construction. Limestones ■- 83 Dolomites 88 Sandstones..... • 90 Granite and Syenite • ; 95 Gneiss ., 98 Labradorite Rock 98 Marbles (Limestones) '. 99 Serpentines ' 104 Breccias. 106 VII LX («4"v TABtl OF Q0NTBNT8. \ "161 Slates ir; A • 106 Flagstones ,. .'. -^^^^j; ••••*'• '•"• '^^ Common lime ■ '••/■ ■• v- HO Hydraulic Lbne ....; •/• --V ^'^ Bricks and Brick-clays \l;14 Drain Tiles 120 \ VIII. Refractory Materials, Pottery Clays, and Pottery. Plumbago or Graphite 121 Soapstone •. 123P* Potstono ; -• 123 Mica Rock • 124 ( Mica 124 Asbestus 124 Fire Clays 125 Sandnone, refractory...., 125 Potjjbry Clay and Pottery • 126 IX. Materials for Grinding.and Polishing. Whetstones * s •— ^^ Hones %••■ 129" Bath-brick , • -V.-. 129 Tripoli 129 Grindstones ,- •••• 129 MUlstones •. 130 X. Minerals applicable to the Fine Arts and to Jewelry. Lithographic Stone •^. 131 Porphyries • 132 Labradorito •■•. • 132 ^ Albite : A. 133 Perthite : , 133 Jsaper Conglomerate 133 Amethystine (Quartz 134 Agates .....f. 1'" Canadian Precious Stones 134 y| -'Wf" N ^ip^^r- ' ft -f^jf.mp^f^y.. 153 TABLl 09 00MTINT8. XI. MUeellaneotu. « ' tan SauilBtone for Olus-m&king., .Moulding Sand and Clay..... Carbonaceous Shale Artificial Hton6 .:..: -A-' 135 130 136 ROCKS OF CANADA. Notes on a SlratigrapMcal Collection of Rocks., Jjiurentian • • v Hmonian and Lower Cambrian .' • liowcr Silurian - '"' Middle and Upper Silurian Devonian ,' Carboniferous, Termian, and Trias ' Rocks of British Columbia •••• "" Collections of Rocks, Minerals and Ores, exhibited by Dr, Uoneyman, Professor Howe and Mr. IL 8. Poole 137 138 139 141 144 145 146 14T 147 ILLUSTRATIONS. ~ 1. Drawing showing the mode of occurrence of Native Copper at Michipicoten Island, Lake Superior, • 2. View of Fairbanks' Petroleum Well, at Petrolia, O... ..•. 24 eo \ -*ft. ^A^^M. . Jjf ■il X \ / t ■/■ j'/j i. ^A «fv*J**vf ■^fft-t