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Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film* A partir de i'angle supirleur gauche, de gauche i droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n6cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I- [f= LITTLE EYES. P. 99. ' THE HISTORY OF THC GREAT INDIAN WAR OF 1675 AND 1676, COMMOMIY CALLED PHILIP'S WAR. ALSO, THE OLD FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS, FROM 1GS9 TO 1701. BY THOMAS CHURCH, ESQ. WITH NUJTEROUS ^•OTES AND AN AriENDLX, BY SA3IUEL G. DRAKE. REVISED EDITION. Tte niMnamplad achievement* of our btbon ibonld not be forgotten. Waiuinotom. H. DAYTON, PUBLISHER, 36 HOWARD STREET. TVDIANAPOLIS, IND. : A8KKB A COMPANY. 1859. PiHe JMiVfi Of Nm Scoda AX. H, ^ i ^ !• C V7 THE EDITOR'S TREl ACE. c, htrch's History of " King Philip's War," &c was first published at Boston, in 171G, in quarto. Il was rej)rinte(i in Newport, in 1772, in octavo. I have never met with a copy of tlie first edition, therefore I rfopy from the second. Tiiis is now very scarce and rarely to be met with. It is however preserved in some private libraries in the old colony, in the Athc- neum at Boston, and other literary institutions t!iere and elsewhere. The lamentable manner in which Hutchinson in his History of Massachusetts passed over the Indian wars, causes us much regret, and a desire to catch at every thing that can give any light upon them. He is particular in relating the witch afi'air^ of the co- lony, but when we have followed him into Philip's war, being led at first with interesting particulars, he sto[js short and says, " It is not my (lesign to enter into every minute circumstance of the war." But docs not tell us why. This is the more to be la- mented, as his means were more ample for such his- tory than can now be had. ^ In 1825 I published a small edition of this history, cctitaining however but few additions to the old, wliich befjig immediately taken up, occasioned the •'ill !y appearance of tliis. In an early period it was ( !';sigiieil to piihlish tiic work as it now appears. Ac- cordingly m.iny valuable pa|)ers and rare works had betni coll*'",ted, but not used in the first edition, on IV THE EDITOR'S PREFACE. account of the magnitude and early pronuse of tl^o work. The papers had been much forwarded previous to the Courtstreet fire, of 10 November, ISif), in the time of which a trunk was stolen, containing many of the manuscript notes, relating particularly to tlie biography of tlie principal persons that figured in the Indian wars. These in many instances 1 could not restore, which is very much regretted ; thougii not more than my want of information on subjects in general. But a consciousness is felt, that some- thing though small, is redeemed from oblivion, which will be thought valuable by posterity. Of such gentlemen as have had the opportunities of many years to examine the history of our country, together with every advantage from access to all pit!)- lick and private documents, I have every indulgcjnco to ask. In regard to the accurate performance of tiie work, I can only observe, that a scrupulous regard t> accuracy has been paid ; yet, errours niiiy have been committed, but in no case inadvertently. And as our most authentick historians have failed in n»;iny of these points, perfection will not be expected in mc. The same. indulgence for the commission of litem! errours, as for others, is solicited, though tlie (;\ciiho for such cannot be so good ; but ifQvery tiling be foiiiul simple, and easy to be understood, my chief aim is answered. For so "all historical memoirs (says J)r. Colman) should be written." In a number of parti- culars I have deviated from common usage ; but in n'^ne- without good reasons, and to me satisfactory. As one instance it is observed, that compound names of places, in general, are written like simple names. For this deviation from general custom, no apolnijv will be expected of me, as it iias been proved to 1) i preferable by a writer of great eminence." • JopI Harlow, Esq. ^ee his Columliiad, luinted 1S07, Philiidcljiliia. 4to. \ f UK EOITOU'S PREFACE. V la correcting the loxt, supcrlluous words are some- times Icll out; hut this [ — J sign is substituted, and ♦.lie word or words omitted are given in the margin incliided l)y the same marks. When a word is al- tered, it is idso inehuTed in brackets, and the word given in tlw; margin as it stood in the original, and iiif.luded in tlie same way. All words, presumed to be wanting, are inserted between brackets without reference to the margin, and are by the present editor. All notes included by tin; parenthesis were by the former editor, and attached to the v\d edition. I should take it as a great kindness, should any person communicate to me any information where it is presumed to be wanting in the notes to this work ; or point out any errours in what is already done, that future editions may be more perfect. It being the particular design of this edition to render it uniform and consistent with respect to ar- rangement and "originality'' of exjirtssion, few lib- erties have been taken with the composition ; few in- deed, unless pointed out as above ex|)ressed. In some instances however, some connective particles have been dropped and the signs omitted. But in such cases what is omitted was superlluous tautology. Tiierefore the reader may be assured that the text is correctly co|)ied. From the present a|)pearance of the work, its fornier erroneous composition is too easily discovered ; yet it is some consolation, that in- numerable errours have been detected, and geneui!- ly, inasmuch as the design of the subject would af'' '/'f. It was thought advisable to accomj)any the Win-i with an Appendix, wherein something new, or of later date might be given, as young persons generally prefer new things to old. It was ratlier dillicult to make the selection for this part, not for want of ma- terials, but because they were so numerous ; and so many seem to deserve the same attention. But the articles are autluMitick, and as interesting, it is pre- sumed, as ran be fouyd. VI THE EDITORS PREFACE. As there are dillerLDt editions of nin ly \,C the au tliors cited in this work, tor the convenience of re-, ference, ii table, containing tlic chief of them, is Here given. Title .Aiiirriran Aiin^ili I \tnFii(*»ii Hiu^iti|thy AiiiLM'ictiu Uit>^rii|iliy Aiinnlt t>l' Nf>wriiL;lan() Al)tir|il»liiltl ltl'N*'iir('he9 Aiiii.ili oT (he Kt'vulutiun lli^rory ol' Ailii-rira Miftnry of ('niMUTliriit Hi.l.iry i.r A1'l4 Uiiloty tif ."Miiilie Hiilnry of M.isAiirltiiaeiU Iliiliir V 111' Mill vliiiid Hioloiy i>r Nfwi'iiifljnd ilhlniy u( Nevvptlcl Hill Mhlnl V III' Ni'Wi MlI Hill ili*liii_\ I'f >irwll.!lli|t.-)hil (' :lli.liiia illi-lDiv llf I'. Siiln illi-inrV of ViTuiiiiit illM.c'iill. MiiM. lli«I.Snr. illi.l.Ciil. .\. V. Ili.l.Hiir. jili^l. ('(i|. Ne\vli.iiM|iil.Suc. !lluiii|ihit>\s* Woika jMHuii.iliaV'. A. |N;ir. Ill liiili;Mi Wiirt iNi-\vi'iii:l.iiiil llini;ia|iliy i\<'vvprii;liiriij'» AIhmii'I i:il \i*uli.iiii|i^liir(! (ia/i'UttT !Siiui. Mi^t. !M:H'I. Iiiv fTi-ivi-U tlirdiiclxiiit v. A. ■Woiulfis Irivi, it'll' W'liilil. Wiir'^ III" Nr\VHni;l«iiil. Aiiiliur A lliilinej .1. ll>-lkiii

;io 1 II IiiiIhiuIoii i(;o:i 2 '1 IIm^I.iII from I7:ij ' 20 !i .Ni'inorlc itni (II II n H Coiiriinl 1 B2':, 3, 4 3 3 1 1 oiicuril' lit ill 1 fl'J 1 e, 1 .Newviirk Ullt '1 1 llarlfiiMl IK,1) Itniillt-hiiru. i:ir^y™5PB?pi«jBpw>i^S!B?»**i*''^^^w^ [The following is an exact copy of tho title page of the old edition.] *9€f* THB ENTERTAINING HISTORY OF KING PHILIP'S WAR, WHICH BEGAN IN THE MONTH OF JUNE, 1675. AS ALSO OF EXPEDITIONS MORK LATELY MADE 40AINST THE COMMON ENEMY, AND INDIAN REBELS, IN THl EASTERN PARTS OF NEW-ENGLAND: WITH SOME ACCOUNT OP THE DIVINE PROVIDENCE TOWAM'S COL. BENJAMIN CHURCH: By THOMAS CIIIJIICII, Esa. iiis son. SECOND EDITION. BOSTON : PRINTED. 1716. REWPORT, RHODE-ISLAND ". REPaiNTED AND SOLI> BT SOLOMON SOUTHWICK, IN t^UEEN-STREET, 1773. TO THE READER. fp "... .1 HE subject of this followinn; narrative, olTering it- self to your friendly perusal, relates to the former and later wars of Newengland, which I oiyself was not a little concerned in: For in tlic year 107;'), that unhappy and bloody Indian war broke out in Plymouth colo- ny, where I was then building, and beginnin;; a plantation, at a place called by the Indians, Sog- konate, and since, by the English, Little Compton. I was the first Englishman that built upon that neck, which was full of Indians. My head and hands were fvdl about settljng a new plantation, where nothing was brought to; no preparation of dwelling house, or outhouses, or fencing made; horses and cattle were to be provided, ground to be cleared and broken up; and the utmost caution to be used, to keep myself free from oU'ending my Indian neighbours all round about me. While I was thus busily employed, and all my time and strength laid out in this laborious undertaking, I received a commission from the go- vernment to engage in their defenco : And with my commission I received another heart, iiidininjr mo • • • to put forth my strength in military service : And through the grace of God I was spirited for that work, and direction in it was renewed to me day by day. And although many of the actions that I was concerned in were very diflicult and dangerous, yet, myself, and those who wont with me voluntarily in the service, had our lives, for the most part, wonder- fully preserved by the overruling hand of the Al- niighty from first to last ; which doth r loud bespeak our praises: And to declare his wonderful works ii our indispensable duty. X TO THE READER. 1 was ever very sensible of my own lit Icness, and uniitness to be employed in such great services. But calling to mind that God is strong, I endeavoured to put all my confidence in him, and by his Almighty power, was carried through every difficult action; and my desire is, that his name may have the praise. It was ever my intent, having laid myself under a solemn promise, that the many and repeated favours of God to myself and those with me in tiie service might be published for generations to come. And now my great age requiring my dismission from ser- vice in the militia, and to put off my armour, I am willing that the great and glorious works of Almighty God, to us, children of men, should appear to the world: And naving my minutes by me, my son has taken the care and pains to collect from them the en- suing narrative of many passages relating to the former and latter wars; which I have had the perusal of, and find nothing amiss, as to the "truth of it, and with as little reflection upon any particular person, as might be, either alive or dead. And seeing every particle of historical truth is precious, I hope the reader will pass a favourable censure upon an old soldier, telling of the many ren- counters he has had, and yet is come oft' alive. It is a pleasure to remember what a great number of families, in this and the neighbouring provinces, in Nevvengland, did, during the war, enjoy a great measure of liberty and peace by the hazardous sta- tions and marches of those engaged in military exer- cises; who were a wall unto them on tiiis side and on that side. I desire prayers, that I may be enabled well to accomplish my spiritual Avarfare, and that I may be more than conqueror through Jesus Clirist's loving me. BENJAMIN CHURCH. TJJ^.S^^'TOf^'' THE LIFE OF COL. CHURCH.* c, OLONEL Bemjamix Cuuhcii was born in 1G30, at Duxbury, near Plymouth, of reputi.ble parents, wliu lived and died there. His lather's name was Josepli, who, with two of his brethren, came early into N(;u'- england, as refugees from the reli«jious opprcission of the parent state. Mr. Joseph Church, anionic otiier children, had three sons. Joseph, Caleb, and l>rnja- min. Caleb settled at Watertown, ilm otJK^r two at Second, or Jiiitle ( onipton. Benjamin, the hero of tliis history, was of a i^ood stature, his body well proportioned, and built lor hardiness and activity. Altiiough he was very corpident and lu'avy in the hitter part of his lil(;, yet, when he was a youiix nian he was not so ; being tlien active, sprightly and vigorous. He carried di<'nitv in his countenance — thought and acted with a rational and nrnily jnd'i- ment — which, joined with a naturally generous, obli- ging and hospitable disposition, j)rocured him both authority and esteem. lit- niarried Mrs. Alice; rfonlh- worth, by whom he hnd a daughter, .Mrs. Rothboihwin, and five sons, viz., 'riinniiis (,'hurch, the author or publisher of this history, and father of the honourable Thomas Church. I'>s(|.. now living in Little Compton; Constant Church a Cajitain under his liitlier in tlic- eastern expedition, and in the militia; and of a mili- * The life of Cliuicli was not ailded to tiie first p'iiliou.-- But to t)io spcoiul it w;\^, and was the last article in liie tiooU; exi'f^ptinj; a I.atin ode ofonc papjt^ which is now oniit- tcd. This liCn containing some prfi'atory re'niar'K';. it was tb:)af;ht proper to place il at ilie hrgin.un;; of lli^' woi Iv, It was judjTed hest to omit the ahove mentioned I/atin ode g;ive place to morn inlenstina; articles. What i'-llow*' Itlaced at the head of llie pa}.;". Odt: Uevoir.i (vlio (lied a bachelor ; Edward Church,* whose on!) son now living, is Deacon Benjamin Churchf of Boston, who furnishes tiiosc memoirs of the family ; and Charles Churcli, who had a numerous issue. Colonel Church was a man of integrity, justice, and ^ uprightness, of piety and serious religion. J He was a member of the church of Bristol at its foundation, in the Rev. Mr. Lee's^ day. He was constant and de- vout in family worship, wherein he read and often ex- pounded the scriptures to his household. He was ex- emplary in observing the Sabbath, and in attending the worship and ordinances of God in the sanctuary. He lived regularly, and left an example v/orthy of • Ho was also a Captain under his father in the last eastern expedition. t Pi'oliahlv the same whose name is found a'^sociated with the venoial)le .Jamrs Otis, Samuef, Adams, Joskph War- ren, aii; imt in two or three years came to the conclusion to return to l)is native country. Before he sailed, he told his wife that he had discovered a star, which, accortling to the laws of As- trology, j)resaged captivity, whicli unfortunately came to j>ass. He sailed in lt?91, and in his passage was taken by tlic French, and carried into France, where he died the same year. See Allen's Biog. S81, Dr. C. Mather repre- sent-, niin as possessing very extraordinary learning. See Wag"*lla Christi Americana, I, 548. I 1 -^f u r m I /:% .;« 1 ! v.5| LIFE OF COL CHURCH XI II the in»ii;:tion of his posterity. He was a friend to the civil aiitl religious liberties of his country, {ind great- ly rejoiced in the revolution.* lie was Ccdonel of ' the militia in the county of Bristol. The several offices of civil and military trust, with which he was entrusted from tin)e tv) time, through a long liJe, he discharged with fidelity and usefulness. The war of KiTT), was the most important ludiar war, th'?t Newenijland ever saw. I'mimh or Meta cometf (ason of good old MASSASOlT,J and his se cond successor) had wrought up the Indians of all the tribes through Newengland, into a dijngerous com- * By ^Villianl aii.i Mary. t Tliont;!) tlie cliiels ofsavasiP nations arc tjjpnrrally called King:*, yrt says Siniih, tlioy " liavr no such dij^nity or oli'ico anionp: il'.cMi." Hist. N. \. 197. I'liili|), at ilitlcront ucrioda ol" liis liCo, ^vas known by rlitfcrpnt names, as at liist, lis ivas called Metacomct or Metacoui. See Morton, 17 1, 172. 'IMiis celebrated cliieflias lieen called l)y some, tlioui;i» \\Tonp;!y I contend, Kinu; ol' the Nariasransets. l!-- wa.s Kinfi; or cliiel'oftlie Waniiianoau;s, or PokanoLels, the sitiui- ion ol' whose country will he desciihed in wiy first note to " Philiii's War." h istrue that these Indians as well as the Narra;:;ansets themselves inhabited about the bay of that name, Imt tliey had their King as well as the Fokanol.els, and were indenendent of each other. Diti'ereiit ojiinions seem to have prevailed with res^ard to this chief's iiediarninj:;, oi' a candid and benevolent mind, accompanied, as it geneiaily is, with a f;oo(i deu;ree of Catholicism ; which, 1 tiiink, was mt ac« counted the most valual.de i)art of his character in llie aj^c in HThich t~ »;" INGS OF BENJAMIN CHURCH, Esq.** N the year 1674, Mr. Benjamin Church of Duxbury, being providentially at Plymouthf in the time of the • As the author does not begin with the causes and first events of this war, it may be proper to introduce the most important here. His intention appears to have been to give an account of this war, so far, only, as his father was engag- ed in it, as himself observes in another place. Although not a year had passed since the settlement of Plymouth without some difficulties with the Indians, I will go so far back, only, as immediately concerns Philip's War. After the close of the Pequot war, in 1637, it was conjec- tured by the English, that the Narragansets took some ai- front on account of the division of the captive Pequots, among themselves and the Mohegans ; and that the English showed partiality. These tribes had assisted in the con- quest of the Pequots, and were in a league with the Eng- lish, and each other. For some time the Narragansets prac- ticed secret abuses upon the Mohegans ; but at length they were so open in their insults, that complaints were made to the English, whose interest it was to preserve peace between them. In 1642, it was thought that they were plotting to cut otf the English. They so pressed upon the Mohegans, in t Some authors, both ancient and modern wrote this word Plimouth, but custom has adopted the manner as used in tho text. n 18 PHILIP'S WAR. court, fell into acquaintance with Captain John Almy of Rhodoisland. Captain Almy with great impor- in J6'15, tlijit the colonies were obliged to interfere with an armod force. The Wampanoan;i«, or Pokanokets, of which Philip was King, inhaliited tlie tract of country where Bristol now is, then called Pokanoket, thence north around Mounthope bav, llience southerly, including the country of considerable width, to Scconct. At the head of this tribe was Massassoit. when the piltrrinis arrived at Plymouth, who always lived in friendship with them. He had two sons, who were called Alexander and Pliili)), which names they received from Gov. Prince of Plvmouth, while there renewing a treaty, proba' bly from Philip and Alexander of Macedon. Alexander be- ing (he elder assumed the power on the death of his father, and it was soon found that he was plotting with the Narra- ganscts against the English ; but his reign v^a short. On being sent for to answer to the court at PlymiWth, to certain allegations, he went, and after explaining his conduct, was taken sick on ills return, and died soon after. This was about 1657. Philip succeeded, and his plottings were continual. But he frequently renewed treaties and affected friendships until 1671, when he made a loud complaint that some of the English injured his land, which in the end proved to be false. A meeting was hehl at Taunton, not long after in conse- quence of the hostile appearance of Philip's men, by Gov. Prince of Plymouth, and deputies from Massachusetts. Phi- lip was sent for to give reasons for such warlike aiipearances. He discovered extreme shyness, and for some time would not come to the town, and then with a large band of his warriour^^ with their arms. He would not consent to go into the meet- inghouse, where the delegates were, until it was agreed that his men should be on one side of the house, and the P'nglish on the other. On being questioned, he denied having any ill designs upon the English, and said that he came with \u> men armed to prevent any attacks from the Narragan'sets ; bat this falseiiood was at once detected, anil it wa.5 evident that they were united in their operations. It was also prov- ed before him, that he liad meditated an attack on Taunton, which he confessed. These steps so confounded him that he consented to deliver all his arms into the hands of the Eng- lish as an indemnity for past damages. Allof the guns which he brought with him, about 70, were delivered, and the rest were to he sent in, Imt never wore. What would have been the fate of Newengland had Philip's warriours possessed those arras in the war that ensued .' This prevented immediate war, and it required several years to repair their loss. Philip I ^ I m ! PHILIP'S WAR. 19 vat % est »en Up tunity invited him to rido with him find view that part of Plymouth colony that lay next to llhodeisland, known tiien by their Indian names of Pocasset and Sogkonate.* Among other arguments to persuade him, he told him the soil was very rich, and the situa- tion pleasant : Persuades him by all means to pur- chase of the company some of the court grant rights. He accepted his invitation, views the country and was pleased with it, makes a purchase, settled a farm, found the gentlemen of the islandf very civil and obligivg. And being himself a person of uncommon activity and industry, he soon erected two buildings upon his farm, and gained a good acquaintance with the natives ; got nmch into their favour, and was in a little time in great esteem among them.J The next spring advancing, while Mr. Church was diligently settling his new farm, stocking, leasing and disposing of his affairs, and had a fine prospect of doing no small things; and hoping that his good suc- cess would be inviting unto other good men to be- come his neighbours : Behold ! the rumour of a war between the English and the natives, gave check to was inrlustrious tONdo this, and, at the same time, used his endeavours to cause other tribes to engage in his cause. He was not ready when the war did begin, to which, in some measure, we may attribute his failure. Three of his men were tried and hanged for the alleged murder of John Sas- samon, whom Philij) had condemned as a traitor. It so exas- perated Pliilip and his men that their friends should be ])un- ished by tlie English, that they could no longer restrain their violence. Thus are some of the most prominent events sketched which led to tliis bloody war. The history of John Sassamon or Sausaman, will be found in a succeeding note. * Pocasset, now Tiverton, was the name of the main land against the north part of llhodeisland. Sogkonate, after- wards Seconet, now Little Compton, extends from Fogland ferr.y to the sea ; in length between 7 and 8 miles. t llhodeisland, which was now quite well inhabited. It was settled in ,1033. Its Indian name was Aquetnock, and afterwards called tiie Isle of Rodes by the English. J Mr, Church moved here in the autumn of 1C74. 20 PHILIP'S WAR. Iiis projects. Pe<)|)lo began to be very jealous of the Indians, and indeed they had no small reason to sus- pect that they had formed a design of war upon the English.* Mr. Church hod it daily suggested to him that the Indians were plotting a bloody design. That Phfiipthc great IMounthope Sachem, was leader there- in, and so it proved. lie was sending his mes-sengers to all the neighbouring Sachems, to engage them into a confederacy with him in the war.f Among the rest • It may be divprting to some, to introduce here what Cotton Mather calls an omen of the war that followed. "Things," says he, " began by this time to have an ominous asjpect. Yea, and now we speak of things ominotts, we may aifd, some time before this, [before those were executed for the murder of Sassamon] in a clear, still, sunshiny morning, there were divers persons u: Maiden who heard in the air, on the southeast of them, a. threat gun ^o off, and presently thereuijon the report of small fi^ns like inusket snot, very thick discharging, as if there had been a battle. This wag at a time when there was nothing visible done in any part of the colony to occasion such noises; but that which most of all astonished them was the Hying of bullets, which came singing over their heads, and seemed very near to them, af- ter which the sound of £?rM»«s passing along westward was very-audible ; and on the same day, in Plymouth colony in several places, invisible troops of horse were heard riding to and fro," &.c. Magnalia, II, 486. This is quite as credible as many witch accounts in that marvellous work. t The following is a statement of the probable numbers of the Indians in Newengland at the time of Philip's war, also of the English. Dr. Trumbull in his Hist. U. States, I, 36, supposes there were in Newengland at the time of settlement about ."^ejOOO Indian inhabitants; one third of which were warriours. Their numbers gradually diminished as the whites increased, so that we may conclude that there were not less than 10,000 warriours at the commencement of Philip's war. Hutchinson, I, 406, says that the Narragansets alone were considered to amount to 2000 fighting men, in 1673. Hubbard, Nar. 67, says they promiscil to rise with 4000 in the war. Governour Hinkley slates the number of Indians in Plymouth county, in IC85, at 4000 or upwards. Hist. U. States, I, 35. Beside (liese there were in ditierent towns about 2000 praying In- dians, as those were called who adhered to the English reli- Ijion; they took no part in the war. In '^ ■7'r*'\-\ PHILIP'S WAR. 2\ I he sent six mon to Awuslionks, scjuaw sachem of tli« Sogkonate Indians, to engage her in his interest ;* Awnshoiiks so far listened unto them, as to call her subjiHts together, to make a great dance, which h the custom of that nationf when they advise about momentous affairs. But what does Awashonks do, !)ut sends away two of her men that well understood the English language, (Sassamonf and GeorgeN, bv In 1673, the inhabitants of Newenpland amountotlto aliout 120,000 souls, of whom, perhaps, 16,000 were able to bear amis. Holmes' American Annals, 1, 416. • Dr. Belknap, in his Hist. N. Hampshire, I, 108, says, on the autiiority of Callender, tliat "The inhaiiitants offiristol shew a jiarticiiiar spot where Philip received the news of the iirft B'.npilishmen (hat were killed, with so much sorrow as to cause him to weep." This he observes was very ditlerent from the current opinion. No doubt the consternation of tiie peoj)le, caused by an approacliin^ war, had great eli'ect in establishing every thing unfavourable of Philip. t It is the custom of most, if not all, the N. American In- dians. See Capt. Carver's Travels in America, 269. J John Sassamon, or as others spell it, Sausaman, was in- structed in English by the celebrated Indian apostle, .John F.liot, and pretended to believe in the christian religion. But for some reason he neglected its duties, and returned to a savage life. About this time, or perhaps before, he advised the English of some of Philip's plots, which so enraged him, that he sought Sassamon's tleath, whom he considered as a rebel and traitor. And this is the principle on which the Engli.-h themselves acted ; yet, (iiey would not suil'er it in anoliu-r people, who, indeed, were as free as anj' other. The partic- ulars were these: Sassamon was met on "a great pond," which I suppose tobe Assawomset, by some of Philip's men, who killed him and put him under the ice, leaving his hat and gun on the ice, where they were found soon al"ler ; and also the dead body. See Hubbard's Narrative, 70, 71. This must have been late in the spring of 1675, but there was ice. Marks were found upon the body of Sassamon, that indicated murder, and an Indian soon appeared, who said that he saw sor\ie of Philip's Indians in the very execution of it. Three were immcdiatciy appreliended, and tried at the court in Plyuiouth. § An Indian, who from this time, was very friendly to Mr Church. All 1 an fmd concerning him is in this history. 22 PHILIP'S WAR. imine) to invito Mr. Church to tlic (hmcc* Mr Churcli, upon the invitation JJnui(3(hutely takes with him Charles Ilazelton, hid tenant's son, who well understood the Indian language, and rode down to the place appointed, where they found hundreds of Indians gathered together from all parts of her dominion. Awashonks herself in a foaming sweat, was leading the dance ; but she was no sooner sen« sihlo of Mr. Church's arrival, but she broke ofi", sat down, calls her nobles around her, [and] orders Mr. Church to be invited into her presence. Compli- ments being passed, and each one taking seat, she told him [that] King Philip had sent six men of his, with two of her people, f that had been over at Mounthope,J to draw her into a confederacy with Plymouth, in .Tiino, by a jury, says MaUior, consisting of half Inilians, and half Enj^lish, and brou}i;lit in K'lilt.V ofthe murder. Two of them jjorsistinp; in their innocrnce to thn end, and the third denied that he had any iiand in the murder, but said that he saw the others commit it. Perhaps lie made this confessior. in hones of pardon, but it did not save Iiim. ISIag- nalia, 11,486. Matlier places the death of Sassamon in 1G74, this was old style, hence it was previous to the 25th of March lti75. IIuI)bard, 69, says that Sa'samon had been Philip's secretary, and chief coiins^mr. To what tribe he tirst be- loiifred I have not ascertiii.ird, l)ut from thishistory it appears that he belonged to the bogkonate Indians, in the spring of 1675, * One might conclude this transaction to have been abuiit the miiblle of .June, by its connexion with the commence- ment of the war, but by the death of Sassamon it must be placed much earlier. t These two I conclude', were those, or among those men- tioned by Hubbard, 60, who discovered the plots of PLilip, one ol'wl.oiH might be Sassamon. i (Or J\Ion(-hmi}), a mountain in Bristol.) Why the author writes this word so I do not know, un- less it were so pronounccil in his day. Its ancient 'ime -waa PokanoUet. It is (|u*te an eminence about tw., . .' c!>'t from the village of Dristol, . ry. steep on all side« ii:Hi ;■ *><•• nates in a large rock, which at a distance hasth '. ,» :i>a:i' j of a large dome of an amphitheatre. It is apiJUic.iJy com- posed of pebbles and sand. On this now stand.s a small oc» Mioiial building. Fro!u many places on the ea-;t sliore, par- PHILIP'S WAU. 23 him, in q wnr with the English; [unpear in the darkest tlress, and not only of him, but others, whom, ia !L 24 PHILIP'S WAR. which among that nation is the posture and figure of preparedness for Avar. She told Mr. Church these were the persons that had brought her the report of the English preparations for war, and then told them wliat Mr. Church had said in answer to it. Upon this began a warm talk among the Indians, but it was soon quashed, and Awashonks proceeded to tell Mr. d(^o(l, we had rather speak in praise. All historians, with whom I am conversant, agree that he was a disorderly per- son, of l)ad morals, and gave people much trouble. He re- sii'.ed first in Mr. Weston's Plantation at Wessagusset, now Weymouth; but that breaking up the next year, 1623, he next settled with Captain Wallaston at or near the same place in 1G25, and the place being near the hill that separates Weymouth from Quincy, was called Mount Wallaston. Capt. AVallaston with most of his company abandoned the plantation, and Morton usurped the government. They soon found themselves involved in difficulties with the In- dians and with one another. They erected a Maypole, and practiced their excesses about it. Selling arms to the na- tives being a breach of the laws among others, he was seized by order of the court, and soon after, 1628, sent to England. No notice of the complaints against him being taken, he re- turned the next year. He was afterwards imprisoned for his writings. He died at Agamenticus in 1644 or 5, according to Allen, American Biog. 441. He has been ac- cused of giving currency to the story of " hanging the wea- ver instead of the cobbler," The author of Hudibras get- ting hold of the story, has, in that ivork. Part II, Canto II, line 403, &-c., set it oH'to the no small expense of the zeal of the Pilgrims. See Belknap, Amer. Biog. II, 313, Prince Chron. 212, and Savage's edition of Winthrop, I, 34, 33, SO, where the passage may be seen. The latter author says it was not so, on the authority of Morton himself ; but as the ailair haj)penel)are. J 1 i ■■-'■T PHILIP'S WAR. 25 Church, that Philip's message to her was, that unless she would forthwith enter into a confederacy witli liim in a war against the English, he would send his men over privately, to kill the English cattle, and burn their houses on that side of the river, which would provoke the English to fall upon her, whom, they would without doubt, suppose the author of the mischief. Mr. Church told her he was sorry to see fto threatening an aspect of affairs ; and stepping to the Mountliopes, he felt of their bags, and finding them filled with bullets, asked them what those bullets were for. They scofHngly replied, " To shoot pigeons with." Then Mr. Church turned to Awa- shonks, and told her, [that] if Philip were resolved to make war, her best way would be to knock tiiose six Mounthopes on the head, and shelter herself under the protection of the English. Upon which the Mount- hopes were for the present dumb. But those two of Awashonks' men, who had been at Mounthope, expressed themselves in a furious manner against his advice. And Littleeyes,* one of the Queen's coun- sel joined with them, and urged Mr. Church to go aside with him among the bushes, that he might have some privatediscourse with him, which other Indians immediately forbid; being sensible of his ill design. But the Indians began to side, and grow very warm. Mr. Church, with undaunted courage, told the Mount- hopes, [that] they were bloody wretches, and thirsted after the blood of their English neighbours, who had never injured them, but had always abounded in their kindness to them. That for his own part, though he desired nothing more than peace, yet, if nothing but war would satisfy them, he believed he should prove a sharp thorn in their sides : Bid the company observe those men that were of'such bloody disposi- tions, whether providence would suffer them to live * He was afterward taken in the war that followed, by Church, and treated very kindly, as will be seen in the pro- gress oflhis history. B 26 PHILIP'S WAR. to see the event of ilio war, which others, more peaceably disposed, might do. Then he tohl Awas- lionks, [that] he tliouglit it might be most advisable for her to send to the Governour of Plymouth,* and shelter herself and people under his protection She liked his advice, and desired hini to go on her be half to the Plymouth government, which he consent- ed to. And at parting advised her, [that] whatever she did, not to desert the English interest to join with her neighbours in a rebellion,! which would certainly prove fatal to her. (He moved none of his goods from his house, that there might not be the least umbrage from such an action, j) She thanked him for his advice, and sent two of her men to guard him to his house, [who]' when they came there, urged him to take care to secure his goods, which he refused, for the reasons before mentioned ; but desired the Indians, that if what they feared, should happen, they would take care of what he left, and directed them to a place in the woods where they should dispose of them, which they faithfully observed. He 1 [which] • The Honourable Josiah AVinslow, Esq., who was after- wards commander in chief of the forces in this war. He was a son of the distinguished Mr. Edward Winslow, who was also Governour of Plymouth many years. He was born in 1629, and was the first Governor born in Newengland, which office he filled 7 years. He died 18 Dec. 1680, aged 52, t This war was called a rebellion, because the English fancied th^m under the King of England, but that did not make them so. As well might emigrants from the United States land on the coast of France, and because they were disputed by the inhabitants, of their right so to do, call them rebels ; yet, when the country was neither claimed nor im- proved, certainly, to take possession and improve was not wrong. Our author i^ by no means so lavish of ill names as many early writers. Hellhounds, fiends, ser|)enls, caitiffs, dogs, &.C., were their common appellations. The ill fame of Mather, in this mspect, will be celebrated as long as the marvellous contents of the Magnalia are read. X This sentence was included in brackets in the copy but as I have appropriated that mark to my own use, I substi- tute the parenthesis ■r PHILIP'S WAR. 27 "■""■'J - .■"'■( took his leave of his guard, [after bidding]^ them tell their mistress, [that] if she continued steady in her dependence on the English, and kept within her own limits of Sogkonate, he would see her again quickly ; and then hastened away to Pocasset ;* where he met with Peter Nunnuit, the husband of tlie tiueenf of Pocasset, who was just then come over in a canoe from Mounthope. Peter told him that tliere would certainly be war, for Philip had held a dance of several weeks continuance, and had entertained tlie young men from all parts of the country. And added, that Philip expected to be sent for to Ply- mouth, to be examined about Sassamon'sJ death, whc was nmrdered at Assawomset ponds,§ knowing him- self guilty of contriving that murder. The same Peter told him that he saw Mr. James Brown, |1 of 1 [and bid] • (Tiverton shore over against the north end of Rhodeisl- and.) t Weetamore or Wetamoe, "Philip's near kinswoman." Hub. 224. The same mentioned in another ])lace, as " Srjuaw Sachem of Pocasset." She was drowned in cross- ing a river or arm of the sea at Swanzej', 6 August, 1675, by attemi)ling to escape from a party of English. lb. 224. Her head was cut off, and set upon a pole. Ibid. f The same of whom the history is given in note 3 on page 21. § (Middlehorough.) Three large ponds about 40 miles from Boston, and 16 from NewTicdford. In passing from the latter place to the former we have the largest on the right, which now bears the name of Assawomset, or Assawamset, and two others on the If'i't. They are all very near together. The road ]iasses be- tween two, separated only by a narrow neck of flat land, about a stone's throw over. II " One of the magistrates of Plymouth jurisdiction.' Hubbard, 12. This gentleman was very active in the war. lie was a magistrate between the years 1670 and 1675. Morton, !;08. A minister of Swanzey is mentioneil by bla- ther in his third clasis of Newengland ministers by this name. 28 PHILIP'S WAR Svvanzey,* and Mr. Samuel Gorton, f who was an interpreter, and two other men,t who brought a letter • A town on the west side of Taunton river in the bottom of Mounthope bay, about 15 miles from Taunton, and in the vicinity of Mounthope, distance by the road about 11 niilep. fAccounts of this {3;entleman may be seen in Morton's Me- morial, 117, &c., which, perhaps, are not impartial. That author paMaking of the persecuting spirit of the times, accuses liim of all manner of outrages agamst religion and go- vernment. " Not only," he observes, " abandoning and re- jecting all civil power and authority, (except moulded accord- ing to his own fancy) but belching out errours, &,c." Seve- ral pages in that work are (illed up to tliis etl'ect. Dr, Eliot, N. E. Biog. 227, says, " It is evident (hat he was not so bad a man as his enemies represented." The reader is referred to that excellent work, for an interesting account of him. Allen, also, 314, seems inclined to do him justice, and is more particular. It appears evident that he was ratlier wild in nis views of religion, and went too far, perhaps, in persuad- ing others to fall in with him. He came to Boston in 1C36, from London, and was soon suspected of heresy, on which he vas examined. But from his aptness in evading questions nothing was found against him. He went to Plymouth, but did not stay long there, having got into difficulty with their minister, t'rom thence he went to Rhodeisland of his own accord; or as some say, was banished there. Here, it is said, he underwent corporeal punishment for his contempt of civil authority. Leaving this place he went to Providence in 1649, where he was very luimanely treated by Mr. Roger Williams, who also had been banished on the score o!" tenets. He began a settlement at Patuxet, 4 or 5 miles south of Providence in 1641, but was soon complained of to the gov- ernment of Massachusetts, for encroaching ui)on the lands of others. The Governour ordered him to answer to the same which he refused, treating the messenger with coii- tempt. But he was arrested, carried to Boston and had his trial. A cruel sentence was passed upon him, being conlin- cd a whole winter at Charlestown in heavy irons, and then banished out of the colony. In 1644, he went to England, andia 1648, returned to his possessions by permission of jiar- lianient. X Who these two men were I have not been able to ascer- tain. Mention is made in the histories of this war of messen- gers being sent, but in none more than two, and their names are not mentioned. Two were also sent from Massachu- setts. See Hub. Nar. 72, 73. Hutch. I, 262. Tlicy were sent 16 June, 1675. ! PHILIP'S WAR. 29 from the Governour of Plymouth to Philip. He observed to him further, that the young men were very eager to begin the war, and would fain have killed Mr. Brown, but Philip prevented it; telling them that his father had charged him to show kind- ness to Mr. Brown. In short, Philip was forced to promise them, that, on the next Lord's day, when the English were gone to meeting they should rifle their houses, and from that time forward, kill their cattle. Peter desired Mr. Church to go and see his wife, who was but [just] up the hill ;* he went and found but few of her people with her. She said they were all gone against her will to the dances, and she much feared [that] there would be a war. Mr. Church advised her to go to the island and secure herself, and those that were with her, and send to the Gover- nour of Plymouth, who she knew was her friend ; and so left her, resolving to hasten to Plymouth, and wait on the Governour. And he was so expeditious that he was with the Governour early next morning,f though he waited on some of the magistrates by the way, who were of the council of war, and also met him at the Governour's. He gave them an account of his observations and discoveries, which confirmed their former intelligences, and hastened their prepa- ration for defence. Philip, according to his promise to his people, per- mitted them to march out of the neckj on the next Lord's day,§ when they plundered the nearest hou- liament. He was a minister, and a man of talents and abili- ty. His defence against the charges in Morton's Memorial, shows him to be a man of learning, and is worthy perusing. It is in Hutchinson, Hist. Mas. I, 467 to 470. He lived to an advanced age, but the time of his death is not known. * I conclude this hill to be that a little north of Howland's ferry. t'June 16. + The neck on which Bristol and Warren nov are, mak' ing the ancient Pokanoket. § June 20. See Trumbull, Hist. Con. I, 327. Ibid. U States, I, 139. I so PHILIP'S WAil. ses that the inhabitants had deserted, but as yet of- fered no violence to the people, at least none were killed.* However the alarm was given by their num- bers and hostile equipage, and by the prey they made of what they could find in the forsaken houses. An express came the same day to the Govcrnour,f who immediately gave orders to the captains of the towns, to march the greatest part of their companies, and to rendezvous at Taunton on Monday nigiit, j where Major Bradford was to receive them, and dis- pose them under Captain (now made Major) Cut- worthy of Scituate. The Governour desired Mr. Church to give them his company, and to use his in- terest in their behalf, with the gentlemen of Rliode- island. lie complied with it, and th' ^ marched the next day. Major Bradford desired Mr. Church, with a commanded party, consisting of English and some friend Indians, to march in the front at some distance from the main body. Their orders were to keep so far before as not to be in sight of the army. And so they did, for by the way they killed a deer. Hayed, roasted, and eat the most of him before the army came up with them. But the Plymouth forces soon * But an Indian was fired nvjn and wounded, wliifh was a sufficient umbrage for them to begin the work. See Huh. Nar. 72, and Hutch. I, 201. It appears that Pliilip waited for the EngHsh to begin, and to tliat end, had suffered his Tien to provoke them to it ; yet, it was thought that Philij) tried to restrain them from beginning so soon, as is observed in note 1 to page 17. At this time a whimsical opinion prevailed, that the side which first began would finally be conquered. Hutch. Ibid. t In consequence of this intelligence Governour Winslow proclaimed a fast. H.Adams, 120. t June 21. ^ James Cudworth, several years a magistrate of Plymoulli colony. Other historians style him Captain, but do not take notice of this advancement. " See Hubbard, Nar. 75, 79j 84 Also in the continuation of Morton, 203, where it appears ha was an assistant in the jrovernment between 1670 and 1675. Rli* FUILIP'S WAR. .'31 arrived at Swanzey,* and were chiefly posted at Ma- jor Brown'sf and Mr. Miles'J garrisons, and wore there soon joined with those that came from Massa- chusetts, who had entered into a confederacy with tlieir Plymouth brethren against the perfidious hea- thens. The enemy, who began their hostilities with plun- dering and destroying cattle,§ did not long content themselves with that game ; they thirsted for English blood, and they soon broached it ; killing two men in the way not far from Mr. Miles' garrison, and •Whether the Plymouth forces were at Swanzey when the first Enajlish were killed does not appear, though it is presumed that they were not. We are certain that they had sufficient time to arrive there. It appears from the text that they marched from Plymouth on Monday, which was the 21 June, and the first English were killed the 24. The author seems to be a little before his story concerning the Massachusetts' men, for we know that they did not ar- rive till the 28 June, and their arrival is related before the first men were killed. Dr. Morse, in his late history of the Revolution, has run over this history without any regard to dates. Nor has ho thought it worth his while to toll us there ever was such an author as Cimich, but copies from him as though it were his own work, which, at bo^t he makes a mutilated mas.5. t See note 5 on page 27. :l:Thc Rev, .John Miles, as I find in Allen, Biog. 429, was minister of the first Baptist church in I\Iassachusotts ; that in l()4fl lie was a settled minister near Swansea in South Wales. Hence^ perhaps, the name of Swanzey in Mass. is ■'erivoil. Mr. Miles being ejected in 1662, came to this country, and formed a church at Rehoboth. He removed to Swanzny a few years after, which town was granted to the baptists by the government of Plymouth. Hutchinson, I, 209, si)eaks of him as a man discovering christian unity, &c. He died •n 1683. § It appears that an Indian was wounded while in tl\e act of killing cattle ; or as tradition informs us, the Imlian who was wounded, after killing some animals in a man's field, went to his house and demant tlu; Ik'ikI <>!' Matiipoist't ntck, niid set upon [)o|('><, i\\'U)t \hv. Itai barous mniincr of llioso sii vii<;cs. Then; IMiilip iiad NtiiVfd all his drtimH nrul conv(>y(;d all his Cannes to llio til t side of Matapoisct river. Hence it was con(duded by those, thut were ac(|uaii^(;d with the motions of those people, that they luui ()uilt(!d the neek. Mr. Chureli told them that Philip was doubt- less i^one over to Pocasset side to etif^aire those In- dians in a rebellion with him, which they soon found to be true. The enemy W(;re not really beaten out of Mnunthopc neek, thoui^di it was true [that] th(>y tied from thence; yet it was before! any pursued them. It was but to strengthen themselves, and to gain a more advantageous post. However, some, and not a few, jjleased themselves with the fancy o( a mighty con(|uest. A grand council was held, and a resolve j)assed, to build a fort tliere, to maintain the lirst ground they had gained, by the Indians leaving it to them. And to speak the truth, it must be said, that as they gained not that field by their sword, nor their bow, so it was rather their fear tiian tlieir courage that obliged them to set up the marks of their coiuiuest.^ Mr. Church looked upon it, and talked of it with contempt, and urged hard the pursuing [of] tlie en- emy on Pocasset side; and with the greater earnest- ness; because of the promise made to Awashnnks, be- fore mentioned. The council adjourned themselves from Mount- from Bristol. It is called on the map of Rhodoislancl, Kickc- inuot, or rather the bay which makes this neck on one side, is so called. Warren river makes the other s^ide. •Major Savap;e and Major Cudworth commandeil (ho forces in this expedition, at whom, of course, this rellecfion is directed. But cliielly, I suppose, at Major Cudworlli: For I finil, Huhl)ard, 70," that Captain Cudworth, as lie de- nominates him, " left a garrison of 40 men upon !Mount- hope neck," wiiic'i is all Ihat he says about this fort. i so PHILIP'S WAR. hope to llehobolh,* where Mr. Treasurer South- worth, being weary of his charge of Comiuissary General, (provision being scarce and difficult to be obtained for the army,f that now lay still to co- ver the people from nobody, while tJiey were build- ing a fort for nothing) retired, and the power and trouble of that post was left to Mr. Church, who still urged the commanding officers to move over to Pocasset side, to pursue the enemy and kill Philip, which would in his opinion be more probable to keep possession of the neck, than to tarry to build a fort. J He was still restless on that side of the river, and the rather, because of his j)romise to the squaw Sa- chem of Sogkonate. And Captain Fuller^ also urg- ed the same, until at length there came further or- • A town in Masfsachusetts, about 10 miles from where they then were, and about 3S from Boston. t Hubbard says, 77, that the forces under Major Savage returned to Swanzey, and those under Capt. Cudworth pass» cd over to Rhodeisland the same day, as the weather looked likely to bo tempestuous, and that night there fell abundance of rain. But it is presumed that Caj)tai.n Cudworth soon re- turned to build said fort, as he arrived at Swanzey the 5 July. I While these ihings were passing, Capt. Hutchinson was despatched with a letter from the Governour of Massachu- setts, bearing date Jul}' 4, 1675, constituting him commis- sioner to treat with tJie Narragansets, who now seem openly to declare for Philip. He arrived the 5 at Swanzey, and on the 6, a consultation was held, wherein it was resolved " to treat with the Narragansets sword in hand." Accordingly the forces marched into their country, and after several cere- monious days, a treaty, as long as it was useless, was signed on the 15. it may be seen at large in Hubbard, Nar. SI to 83, and Hutchinson, I, 263, 264. By which the Narragan- sets agreed, to liarbour none of Philip's ])eoj)le, Stc. ; ail which was only forced upon them, and tlicy roganled it no longer than the army was present. The army then returned to Taunton, 17 June. § I learn nothing more of this gentleman than is found in this history. The name is common in Massachiiselts and elsewhere. He had 6 fdcs each containing 6 men, therefore t^ir whole number consisted of 30 men only. PHILIP'S WAR. 3? dcrs* concerning the fort, and withal an order foi Captain Fuller with six files to cross the river to the side so much insisted on, and to try if he could get speech with any of the Pocasset or Sogkonite In- dians, and that Mr. Church sliouldgo [as] his second. • Upon the Captain's receiving his orders, he asked Mr. Church whetlier he were wil liner to ensrajje in this enterprise ; to wiiom it was indeed too agreeable to be declined; though he thought the enterprise wiis hazardous enough for them to iiave [had] more men assigned them. Captain Fuller told him, that for his own part, he was grown ancient and heavy, [and] I'le feared tlie travel and fatigue would be too mucli for him. But Mr. Church urged him, and told him [that] he woidd cheerfully excuse him his hardship and travel, and take that part to himself, if he might but go ; for he had ratlier do any thing in the world, than to stay there to build the fort. Then they drew out the number assigned them, and marched the same nightf to the ferry, J and were • From Major Cudworth, wlio did not go with Ijie rpst o( tlic army into the country of the Narragansets. Hub. 84. t No author that I have seen, excepting Mr. Hubbard, fixes any date to this memorable part of Phihp's War. Nei- ther Hutchinson nor Trumbull takes any noticeofit. Hub- bard, 84, says, "Unon Thursday, July?, Captain Fuller and Lieutenant Church went into Pocasset to seek after the ene- my," &.C. But he is in an errour about the day of tlie week or month, and perhaps both ; for I iind that the 7 July falls on 'W'ednesday ; an errour which might casilviiave hapitcned in some former edition of his Narrative. Though this scru- tiny may seem unimportant, yet, the transaction, it must be allowed, merits jiarticulaT attention ; for histoiy without chronology may be comjjared to the trackless desert over which we may wander in vain for relief. Most autlors since Mr. Hubbard's time, pass lightly over this event, and eithei think it not worth fixin"; a date to, or doubting the authority of Mr. Hubbard. But 1 am induced to believe, that the day of the month is right, and that the day of the week is wrong. If this be the case, we are able to On the date of the battle oi the Peaslield on July 3. t Bristol ferry. 5. % ■I 38 PHILIP'S M'AR. I > 11 transported to Rhodeisland, from whence, the next night they got passage over to Poca?.set side in Rhode- ishmd boats, and concluded there to dispose them- selves in two ambuscades before day, hoping to sur- prise some of tlie enemy by their falling into one or other of their ambushments. JJut Captain Fuller's party being troubled with tiie epideraical plague of lust after tobacco, must needs strike fire to smoke it."* And thereby discovered themselves to a party of the enemy coming up to them, w ho immediately rted with great precipitation. This ambuscade drew off about break of day, per- ceiving [that] they were discovered, the other con- tinued in their post until the time assigned them, and the light and heat of the sun rendered their sta- tion both insignificant and troublesoji.ie, and then re- turned unto the place of rendezvous ; where they were acquainted with the other party's disappoint- ment, and the occasion of it. Mr. Church calls for th } breakfast he had MJV PREPJlRIJ^a TO FIRE FRUjtl BEHIjVD A TREE. P. 44. PHILIP'S WAR. 45 hillicrto prescrviijfj tlicm, that it encouraged Ii'ini to believe, witli much confidence, that God would yet preserve them ; that not a hair of their heads should i'all to the ground ; bid them be patient, courageous, and prudently sparing of their ammunition, and he made no doubt but tlvey should come well off yet, &c. [Thus] until his littie army again resolved, one and all, to stay with, and stick by him. One of them, by Mr. Church's order, was pitching a flat stone up on end before him in the sand, when a bul- let from the enemy with a full force, struck the stone while he was pitching it on end, which put the poor follow to a miserable start, till Mr. Church called upon him to observe how God directed the bullets, that tiie enemy could not hit him when in the same place, [and] yet could hit the stone as it was erected. While they were thus making the best defence they could against their numerous enemies, that made the woods ring with their constant yelling and shouting. And night coming on, somebody told Mr. Church, [that] they spied a sloop up the river as l:.r as Goldi»land,* that seemed to be coming down towards them. He looked up and told them, that, succour was now coming, for he believed it was Captain Golding,f whom he knew to be a man for business, and would certainly fetch them off if he came. The wind being fair, the vessel was soon with them, and Captain Golding it was. Mr. Church (as soon as they came to speak with one another) desired him to come to anchor at such a distance from the shore, that he might veer out his cable, and ride afloat ; and let slip his canoe, that it might * A very small led{!;v island a little to tiie soutli of the stone bridge, rioar the middle of the stream, and about 4 or 5 miles from where they were. 1 1 find nothing; relating to this gentleman excepting what IS found in this history. We may infer that he was a man ol wortli and confidence, by Mr. Church's entrusting him with an important post at the fight when Philip was killed. » } 40 PHILIP'S WAR. It. J drive a shore ; wliicli directions Captain Golding obscrvud. But the enemy gave him «uch a warm salute, tiiat his sails, colours and stern were full of bullet holes. The canoe came ashore, but was so small that sIkj would not bear above two men at a time ; and when two were got uboanl they turned her loose t(» drive a shore for two more. And the sloop's compa- ny kept the Indians in i)lay the while. IJut when at last it cnmo to Mr. Church's turn to go aboard, ho had left his hat and cutlass at the well, where he went to drink when ho first came down ; he told his company, [that] he would never go olf and leave his luit and cutlass for the Indians, [that] they should never have that to reflect upon him. Though he was much dissuailed from it, yet he would go and fetch them. lie put all the powder he had left into his gun, (and a poor charge it was) and went pre- senting his gun at the enemy, untd he took up what he went for. At his return he discharged his gun at the enemy, to bid thein farewell for that time ; but had nov powder enough to carry the bullet half way to them. Two bullets from tjie cneniy struck the canoe as he went on board, one grazed the hair of his head a little before, another stuck in a small stake that stood right against the middle of his breast.* Now this gentleman with his army, making in all twenty men, himself and iis pilot being numbered with them, got all safe on board, after six Iiours en- gagement with three hundred Indians; [of] whose numbers we were told atlcrvvards by some of them- * The loliy and plpf:;ant linos of Barlow, on the conduct of Gen. Putnam at the battle of Bunker's hill, will admirably B'^ply to our hero. " There ptrii!''sbnl(l Putnam, and from al' the plains ("ills the tirod troops, the tanly roar sustains, And mid the whiz/.iiiff balls tint skim the Inwo Waves back his sword, dcfic!) tlie followin? fi)e." Culumbiad, B. V. 562, hc PHILIP'S WAR. 47 selves.* A (lolivoraiicu which tlmt good gentleman often nif-ntions to tlie glory of God, iind his protect- ing providence. Tlie next diiy,t meeting with tiie rest of his little cciinpany,! wl'om lie hud left at I'ocasset, (that had also a small skirmish with the Indians and had two men wounded) they returned to the Mountliope gar- rison, which Mr. Church used to call the losing fort. Mr. Church then returned to the island, to seek provision for the army. [There he] meets with Al- derni;ui,S a noted Indian, that was just come over from the scpiaw Sachem's capo of Pocass(;t, having deserted from her, and brought over his family, who pave him an account of the state of the Indians, and wiiere each of the Sagamore's head<|uarters was, Mr. Church then discoursed with some, who knew the fi\wt well, where the Indians said Weeta- more's|| headquarters were, and olfered their service to pilot him [to it.] With this news ho hastened to the Mountliope garrison, [and] the army expressed their readiness to enjhraco such an opportunity. All the ablest soldiers were now immediately drawn ofl', e<|uipped and despatched upon this design, un- der the command of a certain ollicer.lf And having marchcfl about two miles, viz., until they came to • lluhbanl H.'i, sn- ihat tiiere were seven or eight scores. JVTatlier, fnllowin , liiin, says there were " an hundred and ahna^t live lin>>^-, lil'teen terrible Indians." Magnalia, H, 488. t July 1». t On Rlivi;le\s1and. Mr, Church and his company were transporte , tliere, as were Capt. Fuller and his company bo- fore. See note 1 on i>i\%o 39. § The Indian that killed Philip. I! (S(]uaw Sachem of Pocassct.) An account of this "old Q.ueen" has 'leen given. See note "2 on page it. IT I have not Irarned this olTicer's name, hut it was Capt Henchman's Lieutenant. ai ill Bi .; 48 PHILIP'S WAR. the cove mat lies soutliwest from the Mount where orders were given for a halt. The commander in chief told them [that] he thought it proper to take advice before he went any further ; called Mr. Church and the pilot and asked them how they knew that Philip and all his men were not by that time got to Weetamore's camp; or that all her own men were not by that time returned to her again, with many more frightful questions. Mr. Church told him [that] they had acquainted him with as much as they knew, and that fo ■ nis part he could discover nothing that need to discourair liistory iiicliuling ab(»nt four montiis, namely, from the eiicape of Piiilip on the 1 August, to Dtcember; during which time m;my circumstances tr.mspind worthy of notice, and necessary to render this history more perfect. Mr. Church appears to have cjuitted the w;ir. and is, perhaps, with his family. Philip having taken up his residence among the Nipmucks or Nipnels, did not fail to engage them in liis cause. On the 14 July a parly killed 4 or 6 people at Mendon a town 37 miles southwest of Boston. August 2, Capt. Hutchinson with 20 horsemen went to re- new the treaty with those Indians at a place ajipointed, near Quabaog, (now Brookfield) a town about 60 miles nearly west from Boston; but on arriving at the place appointed, the Indians did not appear. So iie proceeded 4 or 5 miles beyond, towards their chief town, when all at once, some hun- dreds of them fired upon the ci^mpany. Eight were shot down, and eight others were wounded. Among the latter was Capt. Hutcliinson who died soon after. The remainder escaped to Quabaog, and the Indians pursued them. But tK' Eng- lish arrived in time to warn the iniiabitants of the danger, who with themselves crowded into oiiO house. Tiie other liouses (about 20) were immediately burned down. They next bef'eged the house containing the inhabitants (about 70) and tlio soldiers. This they exerted themselves to lire also, iM ferr : 54 I'illLli'S Vv'All. And now strong sus])icioiis beLtan to arise of the Narra^anset* Indians, liiat tliev were ill ailected and with various siu-ct'ss for two d.-ivs, iiml on tlir lliin! tliey nearly elli.'ftL'd their object by a strat:.;reiii. 'i'lii V tilled .1 cart with combiistililos and set it on lire, and liy mi'ans of si)liein«r poles toj^ether had nearly LnmLrht the lianies in con- tact with the house, when Major Wil'.ard arrived with 48 dragoons nnd dispersed them, fcsee American Ann. I, 423, 424. The Indiana about Iladley, who had liithcrto kept np the show of friendship, now deserted tlic'ir dweliiniis and drew off after Philip. Toward the last of August, Capt. Beers and Capt. Lothrop pursued and overtook them, and a, fierce battle was fought, in ^Vhlch 10 of the English and 26 Indians were killed. September 1, they burned Deerfield and killed one of the ini.abitants. Tlie same day (being a fast) they fell upon Ilad- ley while the people were at meeting, ar whicl; they were over- come with confusion. At this crisis, a venonible gentleman in singular attire appeared among them, and jiutting himself at, their head, rushed ui)on the Inili.in.s and dispersed them, then disappeared. The inhabitants tiiought an angel had ap- peared, and led them to victory. But it was General Goll'e, one of the Judg.ts of King (/liarles I, who was secreted in the town. See I'r isident Stiles' history of the Judges, 109, and Holmes, I, 424. About 11 September Capt. Beers with 36 men went up the river to observe how things stood at a new plantation called S(iuakeag, now Northfieltl. The Indians a few days before (but unknown to them) had fallen upci the place and killed 9 or 10 persons, and now laid in ambush for tho English, whom it appears they expected. They had to march nearly 30 miles through a hideous forest. On r.rriving witiiin three miles of the place, they were tired upon by a host of ei^emics, and ii large proportion of their number full. The others gained an eirinence and fought bravely till their Captain was slain, when they fled in every direction. Sixteen only escaped. Hubbard, 107. On the 18th following, as Capt. Lothrop with 80 men was guarding some carts from Ueerfield to Iladley, they were fallen * It was believed that the Indians gr erally returned from the western frontier along the Connecticut, and took uj) their winter quarters among the Narragansets; but whether Philip did is uncertain. Some suppose that he visited the Mohawks and Canada Indians for assistance. PHILIP'S WAR. 55 designed mischief. And so the event soon discov- ered. The next winter they began their hostilities upon the English. The united colonies then agreed to send an ai'my to suppress thpm: Governour Wins- low to command the army.* • He undertaking the expedition, invited Mr. Church to command a company, [ — Y which he declined; ' [in tho CXI adition] fallen upon, and, including teamsters, 90 were slain; 7 or 8 oi''y escaped. Ibid. 108. October 5, the Springfield Indian? having Leon joined ]>y ahont 300 of Philip's men began the destruction of Springfield. But tho attack being expected. Major Treat was sent for, who was t'.ien at Westfield, and arrived in time to save nnicli of tiie town from the flames, but, 32 houses were consumed. Ho'nie.s, 1,425. October 19, Hatfield was assaulted on all sides by 7 or 80'J Indians, but there being a considerable number of men well ])re- pared to receive them, obliged them to flee without dning nuich damage. A few out buildings were burned, and some of tlie defenders killed, but wo have no account how in;niy. Holmes, 1. 425, says this a'i'air took place at Iladley; but llubbard wiioni he cites, 116, says it was at Hatfield. The phiccs iue only sepa- rated by a bridge over the Connecticut, and were formerly inckuleil under tlie same name. Mr. Iloyt in his Antiquarian Researches, 130, tliinlis that it was in this attack that Gen, Gofl'e niiide his appe:ir;niee, because Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of an attack ui)on tliat place in Sept. 1676, which, if there had been one, it would not have escaped his notice. Rut this migiit have been un- noticed by Mr. Hubbard as well as some other afl'airo of the war. Thus are some of the most important e\ • ' - sketched in our hero's absence, and we may now add concur nini what Homer did of Achilles' return to the siege of Troy. Then groat Achilles, terror of tl>.e i)liiiii, Long lu9t to buttle, stiuiio iii oi'iud tigaiii. Jliiid, n, I!. XX, 57. *It was to consist of 1000 men and what friendly ludinna would join them. Massachusetts was to furnish 527, Ply- mouth 158, Connecticut 315. Major Robert Trent with those of Connecticut, Slajor Bradford with those of Plymouth, and JIajor Samuel Appleton with those of TMassachusetts. The whole under Gep. Josiah Winslow. American Annals, I, 426. 66 iL__ PIIIUP'S WAR. craving excuse from taking [a] conimissior., [but] he pioinises to wait upon hitn as a llelormatlo [a vo- lunteer] through the expedition. Having rode with the General to Boston, and from thence to Kehobf)th, upon the <"* neral's request he went thence the near- est way over the ferries, with Major Smith,* to his garrison in the Narraganset country, to prepare and provide for the coming of General Winslow, who marched round through the country with his army proposing by night to surprise Pumham.f a certair Narraganset sachem, and his town ; but being aware of the approach of our army, made their escape in- to the desertsj. But Mr. Church meeting with fair winds, arrived safe at the Major's garrison in the evening,^ and soon began to niquire after the ene- my's resorts, wigwams or sleeping places; and hav- ing gained some intelligence, he proposed to the El- dridges and some other brisk hands that he met with, to attempt the surprising of some of the enemy, to make a present of, to the General, when he should arrive, which might advantage his design. Being brisk blades they readily complied with the m©- tion, and were soon upon their march. The night was very cold, but blessed with the moon. Before *Tliis gentleman, Mr Hubbard informs us, Nar. liiS, lived in Wickford wliero the arn./ was to take up its iie:!d-(inarters. Wieklbrd is about 9 miles N. W. from Newport on Narraganset bay. t (Sachem of Sliawomot or Warwick.) This Saeiiem had signed tlie treaty in July, wherein sueli great faitii and fidelity were promised. See note 3 on page 36. A fc-w days before tiie great swamp light at Narraganset Capt. Prentiee destroyed his town after it was deserted. 15ut in July, 1676, he was killed by some of the Massachusetts men, near Dedham. A grandson of his was taken before this, by a party imder Cajit. Denison, wiio was esteemed tiie best soldier and most warlike of all the Narraganset chiefs. Trumbull, I, 345. ^ It appears that all did not escape into the deserts. The heroick Capt. iMosely eajjlured 36 on his way to Wickford. {December 11. PHILIPS WAR. 57 the day broke they eflected their exi)loit; and, by the rising of the sun, arrived at the Major's garrison, where they met the general, and presented him with eighteen of the enemy, [which] they had captivated. The General, pleased with the exploit, ^ave them thanks particularly to Mr. Church, the 'nover and chief actor of the business. And sending two of them (likely boys) [as] a present to Boston; Fand] smiling on Mr. Church, told him, that he made no doubt but his faculty would supply them with Indian boys' enough before the war was ended. Their next move was to a swamp,* which the In- Uians had fortified with a fort.f Mr. Church rode in the General's guard when the bloody engngcincnt * Hubbard, 13G, saya that the army v s piloted to tliis phioe Ly one Peter, a fugitive Indian, who lied iVoni the Narragansets, upon some discontent, and to lihn they were Indebted, in a great measure for their sueeess. How long before the army would have found the enemy, or on wiiut part of tiie fort tliey would have fallen, is uncertain. It appears that had they come upon any other part, they must have been repulsed. VVhether this Peter was the son of Awaslionks, or Peter iSunnult, the hu-shand of VVeetiimore, the Queen of Poeasset, is uncertain. But 31 r. Hubbard styles him a fugitive from the Narraganscts. If he were a Narragaiiset, he was neither. f Before this, on the 14, a scout under Sergeant Bcnnct killed two and took four prisoners. The rest of the same company, in ranging the country, came upon a town, burned 13u wigwams, killed 7 of the enemy anc^ brought in eight prisoners. (Jn the 15, some Indians came under the pretence of making peace, and on their return kilh^d several of the English, who were scattered on their own business. Captain jMosely, while escorting jMaj. Appleton's men to quarters, was tired ujion by 20 or 30 of the enemy from behind a stone wall, but were iunnediately dispe'.ved, leaving one dead. On the 16 they received the news tliat Jerry Bull's garrison at Petty- quamstot, was burned, and lifteen persons killed. On the IS, tl-.e Connecticut forces arrived, who on their way had taken and killed 11 of the enemy. The united forces now set out, Dec. 19, for the headquarters of the enemy. The weather was severely cold and much snow upon the the ground. They arrived upon the borders of the swamp about one o'clock. Hub- bard, 128 to 130. a Bt S8 IlILTT'S WAR. bp'jjfin. But hein^ impatient of liciiiii out of the heat of the action, importunately bejiired leave of the ricnoral, that he mijiht run down to the assistance ot his iViends. Tlic, Ceneral yiclderl to his rf(|Uost, ]irovi(ie(l he could rallv some hands to asse(i over the log, that was the passage into the fort, where they saw many men and several valiant (^aptains lie slain.* Mr. Church spying Captain (Jardner of »S;dem amidst the wigwams in the east end of the fort, made towards him; but on a sudden, while they were looking each other in the f^ice, Captain Gardner set- tled down. Mr. Cluu'ch stepped to him. and seeing the blood run down his cheek lifted up his cnp, and calling him by his name, he looked up in his face but spake not a word ; being mortally shot through the head. And observing his wound, Mr. Church found the ball entered his head on the side that was next the upland, where the English entered the swamp. Upon which, having ordered some care to be taken of the Captain, he despatched information to the General, that the best and forwardest of his army, that hazarded their lives to enter the fort ui)on tlie muzzles «f the enemy's guns, were shot in their backs, and killed by them that lay behind. Mr. Church with his small company, hastened out of the fort (that the English were now possessed of) to get a shot at the Indians that were in the swamp, and kept firing upon them. He soon met with a broad and bloody track where the enemy had fled with their wounded men. Following hard in the track, he soon spied one of the enemy, who clapped his gun across his breast, made towards Mr. Church, and beckoned to him with his hand. Mr. Church immediately commanded no man to hurt him, hop- * Si.\ Captains were klled. Captains Davenport, Gardiner and Johnson of JMassaeliusetts; Gallop, Siely and IMarshal! of Connecticut. No mention is made that any ollioers were killed belonnfing to Plymouth. I'liiupa WAU. 50 .ng by him to have gained some intellii^encc of llie enemy, that miyht he of advantajre. IJut it unhap- |iily fell out, that a fellow that had lafifTed behind, eoinitii,' up, shot down the Indian; to Mr. Church's •ireat i^rief and disappointment. But immediately they heard a threat shout of the enemy, which seem- ed to be behind them or between tliem and the fort ; and discovered them runninc from tree to tree to ^a\n advant.'iges of firinj; upon the Entilish that vvere in the fort. I\[r. Church's great difficulty now was how to discover himself to his friends in the fort; using several inventions, till at length he gained an opportunity to call to, and informed a Serger. it ii the fort, that he was there and might be expo^jd to their shots, unless they observed it. By this time he discovered a number of the enemy, almost within shot of him, m.-Jiing towards the fort. Mr. Chi reh and his comjiany were favoured by a heap of brush that was between them, and the enemv, and pre- vented their being discovered to them. Mr. Church had given his men their particular ordeis for firing upon the enemy. And as they were rising up to make their shot, the aforementioned Sergeant in the fort, called out to them, for God's sake not to fire, for he believed they were some of their friend In- dians. They clapped down again, ])ut were soon sensible of the Sergeant's mistake. The enemy got to the top of the tree, the body whereof the Sergeant stood upon, and there clapped down out of sight of the fort ; but all this while never discovered Mr. Church, who observed them to keep gathering unto that place until there seemed to be a formidable black heap of them. "Now brave boys," said Mr. Church to his men, "if we mind our hi*" we may have a brave shot, and let our sign for firiT; r'-, them, be their rising to fire into the fort." It was iiot long before tlie Indians rising up as one body, designing to pour a volley into the fort, when our Church nimbly started up, and gave them sucli a round vol- '\\\ r-'; •r Jit 60 PHILIP'S WAR. ley, and unexpected clap on their backs, that they, who escaped with their lives, were so surprised, that they scampered, they knew not whither themselves. About a dozen of them ran right over the log into the fort, and took into a sort of hovel' hat was built with poles, after the manner of a corn crib. Mr. Church's men having their cartridges fixed, were soon ready to obey his orders, which were immedi- ately to charge and run [ — Y ^pon the hovel and over- set it; calling as he ran on, to some that were in the fort, to assist him in oversetting it. Thev no sooner came to face the enemy's shelter, but Mr. Church discoA'^ered that one of them had found a hole to ioint his gun through right at him. But however he] encouraged his company, and ran right on, till le was struck with three bullets; one in his thigh, which was near half cut off as it glanced on the joint of his hip bone; another through the gather- ings of his breeches and drawers with a small flesh wound; a third pierced his pocket, and wounded a pair of mittens that he had borrowed of Captain rrentice; being wrapped up together, had the mis- fortune of having many holes cut through them with one bullet. But however he made shift to keep on his legs, and nimbly discharged his gun at them that had wounded him. Being disabled now to go a step, his men would have carried him off, but he forbid their touching of him, until they had perfected their project of oversetting the enemy's shelter; bid them run, for now the Ind'ians had no guns charged. While he was urging them to run on, tlie Indians be- gan to shoot arrows, and with one pierced through the arm of an Englishman that had hold of Mr. Church's arm to support him. The English, in short, were discouraged and drew back. And by this time the English people in the fort had begun to set fire to the wigwams and houses in the fort, which Mr. Church laboured hard to prevent. They told him •[on] PraLIP'S WAR. 61 [that] they had orders from the General to burn them. He begged them to forbear until he had dis- coursed with the General. And hastening to him, he begged to spare the wigwams, &c., in the fort from fire. [And] told him [that] the wigwams were musket proof; bemg all lined with baskets and tubs of grain and other provisions, sufficient to supply the whole army, until the spring of the year, and every wounded man might have a good warm house to lodge in, who otherwise would necessarily perish with the storms and cold; and moreover that the army had no other provisions to trust unto of depend upon; that he knew that the Plymouth forces had not so much as one [biscuit]^ left, for he had seen their last dealt out, &c.* The General advising a few words with the gentlemen that were about him moved towards the fort, designing to ride in himself and bring in the whole army; bu just as he was en- tering the swamp one of his Captains met him, and asked him, whither he was going? He told him "In- to the fort." The Captain laid hold of his horse and told him, [that] his life was worth an hundred of theirs, and [that] he should not expose himself. The General told him, that, he supposed the brunt was over, and that Mr. Church had informed him that the fort was taken, &c. ; and as the case was cir- cumstanced, he was of the mind, that it was most practicable for him and his army to shelter them- selves in the fort. The Captain in a great heat re- plied, that Church lied; and told the General, that, if he moved another step, towards the fort he would Then [bristled]^ up [briislcd] shoot his horse under him * [biskake] * Thus the heroiek Cliurch discovered not only grcnt bravery in battle, but judgment and forethought. Had his advice been taken, no doubt many' lives would have been saved. It may be remarked, tliat notwithstanding Mr. Church so dis- tinguished himself in thia fight, his name la not mentioned by our chief historians. ■I -fi 62 PHILIP'S WAR. another gentleman, a certain Doctor,* and opposed Mr. Church's advice, and said, [that] if it were com- plied with, it would kill more men than the enemy had killed. "For (said he) by tomorrow the wound- ed men will be so stiff, that there will be no moving of them." And looking upon Mr. Church, and see- ing the blood flow apace from his wounds, told him, that if he gave such advice as that was, he should bleed to death like a dog, before they would endea- vour to stanch his blood. Though after they had prevailed against his advice they were sufficiently kind to him. And burning up all the houses and provisions in the fort, the army returned the same night in the storm and cold. And I suppose that every one who is acquainted with that night's march, deeply laments the miseries that attended them; especially the wounded and dying men.f But it mercifully came to pass that Captain Andrew Bel- cherj arrived at Mr. Smith's that very night from Boston with a vessel laden with provisions for the army, which must otherwise have perished for want. 8ome of the enemy that were then in the fort have since informed us that, near a third of the Indians belonging to all the Narraganset country, were kill- * I have not been able to losirn the name of the beforemen- tioned Captain nor Doctor. Perhaps it is as well if their memo- ries be buried in oblivion. Trumbull says that, they had tiie best surgeons which the country could produce. (, Mai, Con. I, 340. In another place, I, 346, Mr. Gershora Balk'cv. Uo says, " was viewed one of the greatest physicians and surgeons then in Connecticut." t What rendered their situation more intolerable, was, beside the severity of the cold, a tremendous storm filled the atmosphere with snow; through which they had 18 miles to march before they arrived at their headquarters. See Hist. Connecticut, I, 340. t The father of Governour Belchers He lived at Cambridge, and was one of his Majesty's council. No one was more respect- ed for integrity, and it is truly said that he was " an ornament and blessinij io his country." He died October 31, 1728, aged 71. Eliot, J- PHILIP'S WAR. 03 ed by the •English, and by tlie cold of tha. night;* that they fled out of their fort so iiastdy, that they carried nothing with them, that if the English had kept in the fort, the Indians would certainly have bc'.ni necessitated, either to surrender themselves to t!iem, or to have perished by hunger, and the seve- rity of the season. f Some time after this fort fight, a certain Sogkon- i'te Indian, hearing Mr. Church relate the manner of his being wounded, told him, [that] he did not know but he himself was the Indian that wounded him, fortiiathe was one of that company of Indians tliat Mr. Church made a shot upon, when they were rising to make a shot into the fort. They were in number about sixty or seventy that just then came down from Pumham's tovvnj and never before then fired a ffun against the English. That when jSIn. •Mr. Hubbard, 185, mentions, that one Potock, a great coiinspUor anions; thorn, confessed on being taken, that the Indians lost 700 lightinc; men, besides 300, who died of their \vo\inils. Ma'. 7 old persons, children and wounded, no doubt jierished in the flames. Butjetters from the army, at the time, may l)e seen in Hutchinson, I, 27'i, 273, in which the enemy's loss is not so highly rated. They comiiare better with the account given by our author in the next note. t (The swamp tight happened on December 19,* 1(375, in which about 50 English were killed in the action, and died of their wounds ; and about 300 or .S50 Indians, men, women and children were killed, ami as many more captivated. t It is said 500 wigwams were burned with the ibrt, and 200 more in other parts of Narraganset. The place of tlie fort was an elevated ground, or piece of upland, of, i)erhai)s, 3 or 4 acres, in the miildle of a hideous swamp, about 7 miles nearly due west from Narraganset, south ferry-t) I What is now Warwick. See note 2, page 56, * Tlio olil co])V of this history, from which I print tliis, gives the dale, Dno. 29, but it must bo a. mis[)riiil. I Perhaps lator writers are more correct witli regard to thcloss of ttio Riialish, than our author. It is said tliat tlierc wore above SO slain, and 150 wounded, who al'li-.rwards recovered. Hist, Con. I, 3i0. t The s'vamp whore this battle was foiii»ht is in Southkingston, Uhoue. islind, ijituat'jJ as nie:itioned above. 64 PHILIP'S WAR. Church fired upon them he killed fourteen «3ead upon the spot, and wounded a greater number than he killed. Many of which died afterwards of their wounds, in the cold and storm [of] the following night. Mr. Church was moved with other wounded men, over to Rhodeislr^nd, where in about three months' time, he was in some good measure recovered of his wounds, and the fever that attended them ; and then went over to the General* to take his leave of him, with a design to return home.f But the Gene- * General Winslow, with the Plymouth and Massachusetts forces, remained in the Narraganset country most of the winter, and performed considerable against the enemy. The Connecticut men under Major Treat, being much cut lo pieces, returned home. t While our hero is getting better of his wounds we will take a short view of what is transacting abroad. The enemy, toward the end of January, left their country and moved off to the Nipmucks. A party, in their way, drove off 15 horses, 50 cattle and 200 sheep, from one of the inhabitants of W^arwii'k. On the '0 Feb., several hundreds of them fell upon Lancaster,; plundered and burned a great part of the town, and killed or captivated forty persons. (Philip commanded in tliis attack, it was supjiosed.) Feb. '21, nearly lialf of the town of Medfield was burned, and on ihe '25, seven or eight buildings were also burned at Wey- mouth. March 13, Groton was all destroyed excepting four garrison houses. On the 17, W^arwick had every house burned save one. On the 26, Marlborough was nearly all destroyed, and the inhabitants deserted it. The same day Capt. Pierce of Seituate with fifty English and twenty friendly Indians, was cut off with most of his men, (For the particulars of this all'air see note further onward.) On the 28, forty houses anil tliirty barns were burned at Rehoboth ; and the day following, about 30 houses in Providence. The main body of the enemy wxis supposed now to l)e in the woods between Brooktield and Marlborough, and Connecticut river. Capt Denison of Connecticut with a few brave volunteers per- formed signal services. In the first of April he killed and too 44 of the enemy, and before the end of the month 76 mor. were killed and taken, all without the loss of a man. In Ihc beginning of April theW^amesit Indians did some niischief at Ciieimsford, on Merrimack river, to which it appears they bid been provoked. On the 17, the remaining houses at PHUJP'S WAR. 65 ral's great importunity again persuaded him to accom- pany hiiii in a long march* into the Nipmuckf coun- try, though he had then tents in his wounds, and so lame as not [to be] able to mount his horse without two nicn's assistance. In tliis march, the first thing remarkable, was, they came to an Indian town, where there were many wig- wams in sight, but an icy swamp, lying between them and the wigwams, prevented their running at once upon it as they intended. There was much firing upon each side before they passed the swamp. But at length the enemy all fled, and a certain Mohegan, that was a friend Indian, pursued and seized one of the enemy that had a small wound in his leg, and brought him before the General, where he was exam- ined. Some were for torturing him to bring him Marlborough were consumed. . The next day, 18 April, they came furiously upon Sudbury. (Some nei'ount of wliich will be gfiven in ixn ensuing note.) Ne.ar the end of April,Seitu!ite about 30 miles from Boston, on the bay, iiad 19 houses and barns burned. The ir.habitants made a gallant resistance and put the enemy to flight. May 8, they burned 17 iiouses and barns at Brldgewater, a large town about 20 miles south of Boston. Mather, Magnalia, II, 497, says that, "not an inhabitant was lost by this town during the war, neither young nor o!d;.t!iat when their dwellings were fired at this time, God, from heaven, fought for them with a storm of lightning, thunder and rain, wlierel)y a great part of their houses were preserved." On the 11, tlie town of Plymouth had 16 houses and barns burned; and two days after 9 more. Middleborough, 38 miles from Boston, had its few remaii ing houses burned the same duy. These were the most distressing days that Newengl md ever belield. Town after town fell a sacrifice to their fury. All was fear and consternation. Few tiiere were, who were not in mourning for some near, kindred, and notiiing but iiorrour stared them in the face. But we are now to see tiie afiairs of Philip decline. * I cannot find as any other historian has taken notice of I'.ls expedition of the comm-nder in chief. It appears from what, is above stated that it was in ilarch, 1G7G. + (Country about Worcester, O-xford, Grafton, Dudley, &c.) itJiSL 66 PHILIP'S WAIl. to a inoro ample confession of wliat he knew con- cerning his countrymen. Mr. Church, verily believ- ing [that] he had been ii'genuous in his confession, intcrcesiL'd and prevailed for his escaping torturu- But tile army beiu::^ bound forward in their miuch, find the Indian's wound somewhat disenabling him for travellin/i. it was concluded [that] he should ho knocked on the head. Accordingly he '>\as brought beforp a great fire, itnd the Mjhe, head of the prisoner, he Leing aware of tti. Ifk'W, fi< dged hi* head asido, ano the oxecu- tijn'. r )iiij>!ng his stroke, Use hatchet Hew out n( ins hand, uni\ f. d like to have done execution where it was- Doi di'hijiiicd. The prisoner upon his narrow t'scapc ov iNe irow liiem that held him, and notwith- hlnnding ins v.ouud, made use of his legs, and hap- p'.n(;d to run right upon Mr. Church, who laid hold vn him, and a close scuffle they had ; but the Indian having no clothes on slipped from him and ran again, and Mr. Church pursued [him,]' although l)e)ng Uvme there was no great odds in the race, until the Indian stun bled and feU, and [then] they closed again — scuHled and fought pretty smartly, until the Indian, by the advantage of his nakedness, slipped from his hold again, and set out on his third race, witii Mr. Church close at his heels, endeavouring to lay hold on the hair of his head, which was all the hold could be taken of him. And running through a swamp that was covered with hollow ice, it made so loud a noise that Mr. Church expected (but in vain) that some of his English friends would follow the noise and come to his assistance. But the In- dian happened 'o run athwart a large tree thct lay 1 ftlie Indian] PHILIP'S AVAR. 67 fallen near breast high, where he stopped and cried out aloud for help. But Mr. Church bein;; goon upon him again, the Indian seized him fast by the imir of his head, and endeavoured by twisting to break his neck. But though Mr. Church's wounds had somewhat weakened him, and the Indian a stout fellow, yet he held him in play and twisted the In- dian's neck as well, and todli the advantage of many opportunities, while they hung by each other's hair, gave him notorious bunts in the face with his head. But in the heat of the scufllc they heard the ice break, with somebody's coming apace to them, which when they heard. Church concluded there was help for one or other of them, but was doubtful wliicli of tlicm must now receive the fatal stroke — anon some- body comes up to them, who proved to be the In- dian that had first taken the prisoner; [and] with- out speaking a word, he felt them out, (for it was so (lark he could not distinguish them by sight, the one being clothed and the other naked) he felt where Mr. Church's hands were fastened in the Ne- top's* hair and with one blow settled his hatchet in between them, and [thus] ended the strife. lie then spoke to Mr. Church and hugged him in his arms, and thanked him abundantly for catching his prison- er. [He then]^ cut o(f the head of his victim and carried it to the camp, and [after] giving an account to the rest of the friend Indians in the camp how Mr. Church had seized his prisoner, &-c., they all joined in a mighty shout. Proceeding in this march they had the success of killi.ig many of tlie enemy; until at length their provisions failing, they returned homo. Kill,; Philipf (as was before iiinted) was tied to a 1 [and] * The Notop Indians were a small tribe among tlie Sogko- nates. t It was supposed hy many that Philip was at the gre&t Kwar.ip llgjit at Narragcinsc in December, 1675. See note 1 i)J 1 .;ut he no sooner took a tool to cut was rllocttMl as follows, A IVirndly Iiulian pursued liiiri with an u|)lirtrti lonr.iliawk. in tin- faco ol'tlie enemy, who consiil- orin.; his falc eortain, and that he was pursued by one of (heir own men, made no discovery ol' the stratapeTU, and l)olli esca]ied. Anollier friend Indian seeinj^ that the battle wa-^ lo>t, lilarkened his fac*" with jjowder and ran among the ciieniy, whom they took to he one of themselves, who also were jiainled Mack, then pre:entiy e-ea])ed,into tiie woods. Another was jiursued, who hid behind a rock, and his pursu- er lav secreted near to ghoot him when he ventured out. But lie behinil the rock put Ids hat or cap upon a stick, and rai'-iiig it \\\> in sight, the other iij-ed upon it. He dropping liisstiik ran upon him ijelbre he could reload his gun and shot him dead. See Hubbanl, Nar. 151, &c. It appears that Canonchet, a Narragansct chief, who aftcrwarus fell into the hands of the brave Cajst. Denison commanded in tliis battle. See Hist. Connect. 344. * See note 2 on page 40. 1 On the 12 March Mr, Clark's house was assaulted bv the Indians, who after barbarously murdering 1 1 persons, belong- ing to two families, set it on lire. Mr. Huhbard, 155, says, that "The cruelty was the more rnma.-kable, in that thev had often received much kindness from the said Clark." tliilip is sii|)i>osed to have conducted this atfair. About the tuTie tiiat that chief fell, 200 Indians delivered themselves prison- ers a: Plvmouth, 3 of whom were found to have been among tiiose wl'w murdered Mr. Clark's family and were executed. The rest were taken into favour. Ibid. 216. 1> 74 PHILIP'S WAR. a small stick, but he cut oil' the lop of his fore fin. ger, and the next to it half oil"; upon wiiicii he smilingly said, that he thought he was out of his way to leave the war, and resolved he would [goj to war again. Accordingly his second ^on being born on thb 12th of May, and his wife and son [likely]' to do well, Mr. Church embraces t])e opportunity oFa pas- sage in a sloop bound to Barnstable, [vvhioii]'' land- ed him at Sogkonesset,* from whence he rode to Plymouth, and arrived there the first Tuesday in June.f The Cicneral Court then sitting, welcomed him, and toUl him [that] they were glad to see him alive, lie re|)liod, [that] he was as glad to see them alive ; for he had seen so many fires and smokes towards their side of the country, since he left them, that he could scr.vce eat or sleep with any comfort, for fear they had all been destroyed. For all travelling was stopped, and no news had passed for a long time together. He gave them an account,f that the Indians had made horrid desolations at Providence, Warwick, Pawtuxct, and all over the Narraganset country ; and that they prevailed daily against the English on that side of the country. [He] told them [that] he loiiijed to hear what method'; they designed [to take] in the war. They told him [that] they were par- 1 [like] a [who] • Known now by tlip name of Wood's hole. It is in the (own of Falmouth, not far to the eastward of Sogkonate point. Doufr;la:-s wrote tliis name Soconosset, and Hutchinson Suea- nesset. A small clan of Indians resided here from whom it took its name. t Namely the S. J We should not sn|)|)ose that this was the first intelligence that tlie people of Plymouth r'^ccived of the destruction of those places, as this visit was nearly 3 months after the des- truction of Warwick, Providence, &.c.,an(l about 4 from the cutting oft" of Capt. Pierce ; yet it might be the case. PHILIP'S WAR. 75 ticularly glad that providence had brought liim there at that juncture ; for they had concluded the very next (hiy to send out an army of two hundred men ; two thirds English, and one third Indians ; in some UKjasure agreeable to his former proposal — expect- ing Boston and Connecticut to join with their ([uotas. In short, it was so concluded, and that Mr. Church should return to the island, and see what he could muster there, of those who had moved from Swan- zoy, Dartnr.outh, &c. ; so returned the same way [iliat] he came. When he came to Sogkonesset, he iiad a sham put upon him about a boat [which] he had bouglit to go liome in, and was forced to hire two of the friend Indians to paddle him in a canoe iVom Elizabeth's* to llliodeisland. It fell out, that as they were on their voyage pass- ing by Sogkonate point, f some of the enemy were upon the rocks a fishing. He bid the Indians that niJMiaged the canoe, to ]niddle so near the rocks, as that he might call to those Indians ; [and] told them, that he had a greivt mind ever since the war broke out to speak with some of the Sogkonate Indians, and that they were their relations, and therefore they need not fear their hurting of them. And he add- ed, that, he had a mighty conceit, that if he could get a fair opportiniity to discourse [with] them, that lie could draw them off from Philip, for he knew [that] they never heartily loved him. The enemy Iialloocd, and made signs for the canoe to come to them ; but wlien liiey approached tiicm they skulked and hid in the clefts of the rocks. Then Mr. Cluircij ordered the canoe to be paddled off again, lest, if he came too near, they shouhl Hre upon him. Thf!n the Indians appearing again, beckoned and *• From ^Vooi!s hole or Sogkonesset to tliis island is I mile t A I ill It' north of this point is a small hay called Church's cove, an believed his mistress would be as glad to see him, and speak witii him. He told him furtlier, that he believed she was not fond of maintiiining a war with the English, and that she had left Philij) and did not 1 [him] 2 [He told him] i'llILlP'S WAR. 77 intend to return to liim any more. He was mighty earnest with Mr. Church to tarry there while he would run nnd call her; but he told him "No, for he did not know but the Indians would come down and kill him before he could get back again."* He said that, if Mounthope, or Pocasset Indians could catch him, he believed they would knock him on the Iiead ; but all Sogkonate Indians knew him very well, and lie believed none of them would hurt him. In short, Mr. Church refused, then, to tarry; but pro- mised that lie would come over again and speak with Awashonks, and some other Indians that he had a mind to talk with. Accordingly he [directed]^ him to notify Awa- siionks, her son Peter,* their chief Captain, and one iVonipashf (an Indian that Mr. Churcii had, former- ly, a particular respect for) to meet him two days after, at a rock at tiic lower end of Captain Rich- luond'sj farm, which was a very noted place. And if that day should prove stormy, or windy, they were to expect him the next moderate day ; Mr. Church telling George, tliat ho would have him come with the person:-; mentioned, and no more. Tiiey gave each other their hands upon it, [and] parted. Mr. Ciiurch went home, and tlie next morning to j\c\vport; and informed the government of what had j)assed between him and the Sogkonate Indians ; and desired tiieir permit for him, and Daniel Wilcox§ (a 1 [appointed] * See note 1, on page 57. t In anothor ]>lace his name is spelt Ntimposh. He was Cajilain of llie Sogkonate or Secoiiale buiians i:i " the iirst expndition oa>;t." + Tills rock is near the water a little north of where they then were. § The fatal 10 November, 1825, allows mc only to say of iliis person that descendants in the fourtli generation (I think) are found in Newbedford. See page iv, of my pre* face. i~-=r- 1 1 i:f 18 PHILIP'S WAR. man that well understood the Indian hmj^uage,) to 11,0 over to them. They told him, that they thought he was mad ; after such service us he had done, and sucli dangers that .he [had] escaped, now to throw awa? his life; for the rogues would as certainly kill him as ever he went over. And utterly refused to grant his permit, or to be willing that he should run the risk. Mr. Church told them, that it ever had been in his thoughts, since the war broke out, that if he could discourse the Sogkonate Indians, he could draw them olF from Philip, and employ them against him ; but could not, till now, never have an opportunity to speak with any of them, and was very loath to lose it, &,c. At length they told him, [that] if he would go, it should be only with the two Indians diat came with him; but they would give him no permit under their hands. lie took his leave of tliem, resolving to prosecute his design. They told him, they were sorry to see him so resolute, nor if he went did they ever expect to see his face again. lie bought a bottle of rum, and a small roll of tobacco, to carry with him, and returned to his family. The next day, being the day appointed for the meeting, he prepared two light canoes for the de- sign, and his own man with the two Indians for his company. He used such arguments with his tender and now almost broken hearted wile, from tiie expe- rience of former preservations, and the prospect of the great service he might do, (might it please God io succeed his design, it-c.,) that he obtained her consent to his attempt. And committing her, the babes, and himself to heaven's j)rotection, he set out. They had, from the shore, aljout a league to pad- dle. Drawing near the place, they saw the Indians sitting on the bank, waiting for tiieir coming. Mr PHILIP'S WAR. 79 Church sent one of his Indians ashore in one of tlie canoes to see whether tliey were the same Indians wliom he had appointed to meet him, and no more : And if so, to stay ashore and send George to fetch him. Accordingly George came and fetclied Mr. Church ashore, while the other canoe played off" to see the event, and to carry tidings, if the Indians siiould prove false. Mr. Cliurch asked George whether Awashonlcs and the other Indians [that] he appointed to meet him were there'? He answered [that] they were. He then asked him if there were no more than they, wliom he appointed to bo there ? To which he would give no direct answer. However, ho went asliore ; when he was no sooner landed, but Awa- shonks and the rest that he had appointed to meet ^ him there, rose up and came down to meet him; and each of tliem successively gave him their hands, and expressed llieniselvcs glad to see him, and gave him tlianks for exposing himself to visit them. They walked together about a gun shot from the water, to a convenient place to sit down, where at once rose u{) a great body of Inu'.ans, who had lain hid in the grass, (that was [as] high as a man's waist; and gatiiercMl round tliem, till tiiey had closed them in ; being all armed with guns, spears, hatchets, &C. with their hairs trininvKl, and faces painted, in their warlike appearance. It was (loiibtiess somewhat surprismg to our gen- tleman at fust, but without any visible discovery of it, after a timall silent pause on each side, he spoke to Awashonks, and told lier, that Cioorge had inform- ed him that slie had a desire to see him, and dis- course about making peace with the English. She answered "Yes." "Then," said Mr. Church, " it is customary when people meet to treat of peace, to lay aside their arms, and not to appear in such hos- tile form as your people do." [He] desired of her, that if the} might talk about peace, wiiicli he desir- m 80 PHILIP'S WAR. ed they might, her men might lay aside their arms, and appear more treatable. Upon which there be- gan a considerable noise and murmur among them in their own language, till Awashonks asked him what arms they should lay down, and where '? He (perceiving the Indians looked very surly and much displeased) replied, "Only their guns at some small distance, for formality's sake." Upon which with one consent, they laid aside their guns and came and sat down. Mr. Church pulled out his calabash, and asked Awashonks whether she had lived so long at Wetu- set,* as to forget to drink occapeches'?f and drink- ing to her, ho perceived that she watched him very diligently, to see (as he thought) whether iie swal- lowed any of the rum. He oflered her the shell, but she desired him to drink again first. He then told her, [that] there was no poison in it ; and pour- ing some into the palm of his hand, sipped it up. Aiid took tlie shell and drank to her again, and drank a good swig, which indeed was no more than he needed. Then they all standing up, he said to Awashonks, " You wont drink for fear there should be poison in it," and then handed it to a little ill looking fellow, who ciitchcd it readily enough, and as greedily would have swallowed the liquor when he hud it at his mouth. But Mr. Church catched him by the throat, and took it from, him, asking him whether he intended to swallow shell and all '/ and then iianded it to Awashonks. Slie ventured to take a good hearty dram, and passed it among her atten- dants. The shell being emptied, he pulled out his to- bacco ; and having distributed it, tl.ey began to talk. Awashonks demanded of him the reason, why he had not (agreeable to his promise when slje saw him • Wachusct. See iiote 1, on p. 69. + Commonly heard as thougl. written okape, or nchape. P if'!!; PHILIP'S WAR. 81 ii. last) been down at Sogkonate before now 7 Sav mg, that i)rob!ibly if he had come then, according to his promise, they had never joined with Philip against the English. He told her [tliat] he was prevented by the war's breaking out so suddenly ; and yet, he was after- wards coming down, and came as far as Punkatees, .where a great many Indians set upon him, and fought him a whole afternoon, though he did not come pre- pjirod to fight, [and] had but nineteen men with him, whose chief design was to gain an opportunity to discourse some Sogkonate Indians. Upon this there at once arose a mighty murmur, confused noise and talk among the fierce looking creatures, and all ris- ing up in a Imbbub. And a great surly looking fel- low took up his tomhog, or wooden cutlass to kill Mr. (.'hurch, but som.e others prevented him. The interpreter asked Mr. Church, if he up'ler- stood what it was that the great fellow (they had hold of) said? He answered him "No." '• WMiy" said the interpreter, " he says [that] you killed iiis brother at Punkatees, and therefore he thirsts for your blood." Mr. Church bid the interpreter tell him that his brotlier began first; that if he had kept at Sogkonate, according to his desire and order, he should not have hurt him. Then the chief Captain commanded silence; and told tiicm that they should talk no more about old things, d:c., and (juelled the tuniult, so that they sat down again, and began upon a discourse of making peace with the English. Mr. Church asked them what prop<>sals they would make, and on what terms they would break their league with Philip'? Desiring them to make some proposals that he ntight carry to his masters : telling them that it was not in his pow- er to conclude a ))eacc with them, but that he know that if their proposals were reasonable, the govern- ment would not be unreasonable ; and that he would use his interest with the goveriuaent for tliem ; and u 6 i'^' ft. 63 PHILIP'S WAR. to encourage! tlujtn to proceed, put tlii-m in mind that tlie IVcjuots^^ once made war with the English, and tiiat after they subjected themselvci? to the Eng- lish, the English became their protectors, and do- fended them against other nationsf that would other- wise have destroyed them, &c. After some further discourse and debate he brougiit them at length to consent, that if the government of Plymouth would firmlv engage to them, that they and ail of tliem, and tiuir wives and children should have their lives spared, and none of them transport- ed out of the country, they would subject themselves to theni, and serve them, in what tiiey were able. Then Mr. Church told them, that he was well satisfied the government of Plymouth would readily concur with what they proposed, and would sign their articles. And complimenting them upon it, how pleased he was with the thoughts of their re- turn, and of the former friendship that had been be- tween them, etc. The chief Captain rose up, and expressed the great value and respect he had for Mr. Church ; and bowing to him, said, " Sir, if you will |)loase to ac- cept of me and my men, and will head us, wo will fight for you, and will help you to Philip's head be- fore the Indian corn be ripe." And when he had ended, they nil expressed their consent to what he said, and told Mr. Church [that] they loved him, and were willing to go with him, and fight for hiiu as long as the I'^nglisli had one enemy left in the country. Mr. Church assured them, that if they proved as good as their word, they should find him theirs, and their children's fast friend. And (by the way) the friendship is maintained between them to this day. J • See a history of this war in the Appendix, No. IV. t The Narragansets. See first note to Philip's war. 1 1716, They consisted now, probably of no more than 200 persons. h' '■ ! u- PHILIi-S WAP 63 Thru he proposed unto them, that they should choose live men to go strait with him to Plymouth. They told him " No, they would not choose, but he should take which five he pleased." Some compli- nieu'i passed ah' it, at length it was agreed, [f' at] th^'y should ehu.s! three, and he two. Then he agreed that he VvUvdd go back to the island tint night, and would come to them the next morning, and go through the woods to Plymouth. IJut they alterwards oI)jectcd, [for]' his travelling through the woods w ould not be safe for him ; [that] the enemy ntig'.it meet with them r-u) !• i ihe venture of his vessel and cargo to wait upon nii Accordingly, next morning th< y set sail with a wind that soon brought them to Sogkonate Doint. But coming there they met with a contrary wind, and a great swelling sea. [tliat] • A((pr imicli srarcii I can ascertain notiiinp; of this person. The name is coniinoii in our country at .'li day. m \i 'i; I- ■■ •II IM 84 PHILIP'S WAll Tlie Indians wen there vvaitini, upon tho rocks, but Ijful nothi..,. ijai a misuruble broken canoe to got nbfv.ird in ; }vl Peter Awaslionks vemurcd off in it, and .vith a i^reat deal of dilHcidty and dang r got aboard. And by this time it began to rain v,r^^l blow exceedingly, and forced them up the sound ; and then [theyj went away through Bristol ferry, round the island to Newport, carrying Peter with them. Then Mr. Church dismissed Mr. Low, and told him, that inasmuch as Providence opposed his going by water, and he expected tiiat the army would be up in a few days, and probably, if he should bo gone at that juncture, it might ruin the whole design ; [he] would therefore yield his voyage. Tlicn he writ the account of his transactions with tlie Indians, and drew up the proposals, and articles of peace, and despatched Peter with them to Ply- mouth, that his honour the Governour, if he saw cause, might sign them. Peter was sent over to Sogkonate on Lord's day* morning, with orders to take those men that were cliosen to go down, or some of them, at least, with iiim. The time being expired that was appointed for tlie E.inlijh army to come, there was great look- ing for 111 in. Mr. Church, on the Monday morning, (partlv > rve order, 'h'I/ g liurt by 'I her people he I'ouiid >i letn ; that whole of his proceedings with the Sogkonate In- dians. With the Major's consent and advice, he returned again next morning to the island in order to go over that way to Awashonks, to inform her that the army was arrived, &,c. Accordingly from Sachueeset neck* ho went in a canoe to Sogkonate. [He] told lior that Major Bradford was arrived at Pocasset wi whom he had informed of all th( her ; that if she would be advised, u she nor her people need not to f them; told her [that] she should .. down into the nock, lest if thcv strangling about, mischief might ligl on llie morrow they would come down and receive her and give her farther orders. She promised to get as many of her people to- gether as possibly she could; desiring Mr. Church to consider that it would be difficult for to get tliem together at such short warning. Mr. Church returned to tlie island and to the army the same night. The next morningf the whole army marched to- wards Sogkonate, as fur as Punkatees, and Mr. Church with a few men went down to Sogkon: to to call Awashonks and her people, to come; u[^ to the English camp. As he was going down tii(;y met with a Pocasset Indian, who had killed a cow, and got a quarter of her on his back, and her tongue in his pocket. [He]' gave them an account, tiiut he came from Pocasset two days since in compiiny with his mother, and several other Indians, now hid in a svvajnp above Nonquid.J Disarming of him, he sent him by two men to Major Bradford, and proceeded 1 [who] • (The southeast corner of Rhodcisland.) t July 13 } (In Tiverton.) IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 If I.I 1.25 128 3.2 Hi uk 20 1.8 1.4 II 1.6 6" Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^^ !\ i\ \ -'''^^ % X & '%^ % Mis 86 PHILIP'S WAR. to Sogkonate. They saw several Indians by the way skulking about but let them pass. Arriving at Awashonks camp, [he] told hei [that] he was come to invite her and her people up to Pun- katees,* where Major Bradford now was with the Plymouth army, expecting her and her subjects to receive orders, until further order could be had from the government. She complied, and soon sent out orders for such of her subjects as were not with her, immediately to come in. And by twelve o'clock of next day, she with most of her number appeared before the English camp at Punkatees. Mr. Church tendered [himself to] the Major to serve under his commission, provided the Indians might be accepted with him, to fight the enemy. The Major told him, [that] his orders were to improve him if he pleased, but as for the Indians he would not be concerned with them. And presently gave forth orders for Awashonks, and all her subjects, both men, women and children, to repair to Sandwich ;f and to be there upon peril, in six days. Awashonks and her chiefs gathered round Mr. Church, (where he was walked o If from the rest) [and] expressed themselves concerned that they could not be confided in, nor improvctl. He told them, [that] it was best to obey orders, and that if he could not accompany them to Sandwich, it should not be above a week before he would meet them there : that he was confident the Governonr would commission him to improve them. The Major hsistened to send them away with Jack Havens (an Indian who had never been in the wars) in tiu! front, with a flag of truce in his hand. " (Adjoining Foplanil ferry.) Tlif j^pojsiaiihy of this place, with respect to extent and situation, has Ite^n given on jiage 40, note 1. t A town lirtween t'lymouth and Barnstable, on Cape CoJ. If the Major were arl.itrary in gi.ing this order, he was lib- eral with the time, as the distance was not above 50 miles hy way t)f Plymouth, and perhaps no more^ian 30 through tfic woods. PHILIP'S WAR. 87 They being gone, Mr. Church by the help of his man Toby, (the Indian whom he had taken prisoner as he was going down to Sogkonate) took said To- by's mother, and those that were with her, prisoners. Next morning the whole army moved back to Po- casset. This Toby informed them that there were a great many Indians gone down to Wepoiset* to eat clams ; (other provisions being very scarce with them) that rhilip himself was expected within three or four days at the same place. Being asked what Indians they were *? he answered, " Some Weeta- more's Indians; some Mounthope Indians; some Narraganset Indians ; and some other upland In- dians ; in all, about three hundred." The Rhodeisland boats, by the Major's order, meeting them at Pocasset, they were soon embarked. It being just in the dusk of the evening, they could plainly discover the enemies' fires at the place the Indian directed to, and the army concluded no other, but [that] they were bound directly thither, until they came to the north end of the island and heard the word of command for the boats to bear away. Mr. Church was very fond of having this probable opportunity of surprising that whole company of In- dians embraced; but orders, it was said must be obeyed, which were to go to Mounthope, and there to fight Philip. This with some other good opportunities of doing spoil upon the enemy, being unhappily missed,f Mr. Church obtained the Major's consent to meet the Sogkonate Indians, according to his promise. He was offered a guard to Plymouth, but chose to go with one man only, who was a good pilot. About sunsetjj he, with Sabiu^ his pilot, mounted • In Swanzey. tThe cause of this ill timed manoeuvre of the army must remain' a mystery. f July SO. § As this name does not occur any where else in this histo- ry, it is nat nrobable that he served regularly in that capa- city 68 PHILIP'S WAR. their horses at Rehoboth, where tlie ..rtny now was, and by two hours by sun next morning, arrived safe at Plymouth. And by that time they had refreshed themselves, the Governour and Treasurer* came to town. Mr. Church gave them a short account of the affairs of the army, &c. His honour was pleased to give him tlianks for the good and great service lie had done at Sogkonato ; [and] told him, [that] he had confirmed all that he had promised Awashonks, and had sent the Indian back again that [had] brought his Ictter.f He asked his iionour whether he had any thing later from Awashonks 7 lis told him [that] he had not. Whereupon he gave his honour an account of the Major'? orders relating to her and hers, and what discourse had passed pro and con, about them ; and that he had promised to meet them, and that he had encouraged them that he thought he miifht obtsiin of his honour a commission to lead them forth to fight Philip. His honour smi- lingly told him, that he should not want commission if he would accept it, nor yet good Englishmen enough to make up a good army. But in short he told his honour [that] the time had expired that he had appointed to meet the Sogko- The Governour asked him He told him, that afternoon by The Govr-nour asked him how 'ii"? He answered, virder to take more nates at Sandwich. when he would go 7 his honour's leave. many men he would have wi not above half a dozen; with at Sandwich, if he saw cause, and horses provided. He no sooner moved it, but had his number of men tendering to go with him ; among [whom] ^ were Mr. 1 [which] * Mr. Southworth. t This letter contained an answer to the account of bis meeting Awashonks, before relatsd, which was sent from tb^ island by Peter. PHILIP'S WAR. 89 Jal)ezIIovvland,*ancl Nathaniel Soathworth.-j- They went to Sandwich that night, where Mr. Church (with need enoue laid aside ; the carts are to be fuitlifully guarded, lest Tispaquin should attack them. Coming towards Taunton, Captain Church taking two men with him, made all speed to the town. And coining to the river side, he hallooed, and inquiring of them that came to the river, for Major Bradford or his Captains. Me was informed [that] they were in the town, at the tavern. lie told them of the carts that were coming, that he had the cumber of guarding them, which had already prevented his im- proving opportunities of doing service ; prayed, therefore, tnat a guard might be sent over to receive the carts, that he might be at liberty — refusing all invitations and persuasions to go over to the tavern to visit the Major. He at length obtained a fs ird to receive the carts, by whom also he sent his prison- ers to be conveyed with the carts, to Plymouth ; di- recting them not to return by the way they came, but by Bridgewater. prisoner of war ; but was afterward barbarously murdcrtd by the goiernment. for liis confidence in them, as will be seen in tlie pro- gress of this history. To do justice in some degree, to the memory of the nu- merous nice of human beings, who have left this delighirul country to us, a biographiciil work should be written, contain- ing as much of the lives and actions as can now bo found, of such of those natives, whose names have eome down to us. The author of these notes has taken some steps toward tluit end, which would be freely contribut(;d to assist iiii able hand in the undertaking. Should no other attempt it, some yearfe to come may produce it from iiis pen. * (In Middleborough.) This word again occurs in the course of a few pnragrnphs and is there spelt right. It must have been iiuittention that caused the diiference in its orthography, as well as in many others. The country around the ponds bore the name of Assa- womset. . See note 4, on page 27. In modern writers we see it Bometimcs spelt as above. _ E ^ I n * •'• m ;. 11 " 08 PHILIP'S WAR. Hastening back, he proposed to camp that night at Assawomset neck.* But as soon as they canne to the river that runs into the great pond.f through the thick swamp at the entering of the neck, the enemy fired upon them, but hurt not a man. Captain Church's Indians ran right into the swamp, and fired upon them, but it being in the dusk of the evening, the enemy made their escape in the thickets. The Captain then moving about a mile into the neck, took the advantage of a small valley to feed his horses. Some held the horses by the bridles, the rest on the ground, looked sharp out for the enemy, [who were] within hearing on every side, and some very near. But in the dead of the night the enemy being out of hearing, or still. Captain Church moved out of the neck (not the same way he came in, lest he should be ambuscaded) towards Cushnet,J where all the houses were burnt. And crossing Cushnet river,§ being extremely fatigued with two nights' and one day's ramble without rest or sleep. And ob- serving good forage for tiieir horses, the Captain concluded upon baiting, and taking a nap. Setting six men to watch the passage of the river; two to * A short distance below or to tlie south of Sampson's Tav- ern. The "thick swiirap," next mentioned, remains to this time. f The Assawomset. t (In Dartmouth.) Ncwbedt'ord has been since taken from Dartmouth. Tiic part where Newbedford now is was meant. 5 The river on which Newbedford stands is called Cusli- net. Dr. Douglass wrote this word Accushnut. Summary, I, 403. And I think, that if we write Aponaganset, wo Hhould also write Accushnot, or rather Accushnet. Hut ho wrote Polyganset. Ibid. See note 2, on page 61, of tiiis history. The most ancient way of writing those names, in general, is to be preferred; for it is the most direct road to uniformity, and consistency. Two very desirable and agree- able attendants to be met with in language ; yet, the writer of these notes is very sensible of his failures in tiies« as well aa othor respects. PinUP'S WAR. 00 watch at a time, while the others slept, and so to take their turns, while the rest of the company went into a thicket to sleep under a guard of two senti- nels more. But the whole company bein^r very drowsy, soon forgot their danger, and were fast asleep, sentinels and all. The Captain first awakes, looks up, and judges he had slept four hours ;' which being longer than ne designed, immediately rouses his company, and sends away a file to see what was become of the watch, at the passage of the river; but they no sooner opened the river in sight, but they discovered a company of the enemy viewing of their tracks, where they came into the neck. Captain Church, and those with him, soon dispersed into tho brush, on each side of the way, while the file sent, got undiscovered to the passage of the river, and found their watch all fast asleep. But these tidings thor- oughly a'vakened the whole company. But tht, Lnemy giving them no present disturbance, they examined their [knay)sacks,]' and taking a little refreshment, the Captain ordered one party to guard the horses, and the other to scout, who soon met with a track, and following of it, they were brought to a small company of Indians, who proved to be Littleeyes,* and family, and near relations, who were of Sogkonate, but had forsaken their coun- trymen, upon their mnking peace with the En^r- lish. Some of Captain Church's Indians ask<^d him, if he did not know this fellow? [and] fold him, "This is the rocue that would have killed vou at Awashonks' dance." And signified to him, that now he had an opportunity to be revenged on him. But the Captain told them, [Miat] it was not Englishmen's fashion to seek revenue ; and that he should have the quarter the rest had. Moving to the river side, they found an old canoe, ' [snnpsacks.] • See page 25. ! V fi.. ■(' ; 100 PHIUP'S WAil. with which the Captain ordered Littleeyes and his company to bo carried over to an island,* telling him, [that] he would leave him on that island until ho returned. And lest the English should light on them, and kill them, he would leave his cousin Light- footf (whom the English knew to be their friend) to bo his guard. Littleeyes expressed himself very thankful to the Captain. lie leaving his orders with Lightfoot, returns to the river side, towards Ponaganset, to Russel's orch- ard. J [On] coming near the orchard they clapped into a thicket, and there lodged the rest of the night without any fire. And upon the morning light's ap- pearing, moved towards the orchard, [and] discover- ed some of the enemy, who had been there the day before, and had bent down all the apples, and carri- ed them away; discovered also where they had lodged that night, and saw the ground, where they sei their baskets, [was] bloody ; being, as they sup- posed, and as it was afterwards discovered, [ — ]' with the flesh of swine, &c., which they had killed that ll the slu If dia of tak nn( an( 1 sol as 1 (la 1 bri 1 \va wh ch re: ^]\^ es hii 1 v;i 8(.' Vf (': i-li iV HC lU S( tl 1; ! 1 IMIII.IP'S WAR. 107 He soon went out ajiJiiii, nnd this stroke ho drove mnny \v*'eks. And when he fnuk iiiiy luiniher of prisoners, I' would | '< out some that \u- took u fancy to, iind would tell ilu-rri, [that] he took n pjir- ticiilar fanry to tlictn, and had c'lioi*en them for liim- sclf to make soldier of; and if any wiild behave themselves well, he would do well by them, and they should be his men, and not sold out of the country. If he perceived [that] they looked suily, and his In- dian soldiers called them treacherous dojjfs, ,s sctnie of them would sometimes do, all the notice he would take of it, would only be to clap them on the buck, and tell them, "('ome, come, you look wild and surly, and mutter, but that signifies nothing; these my best soldiers, were, a little while ago, as wild and surly as you are now; by tliat time you have been but one day along with me, you will love me to^', and be as brisk as any of them." And it proved s.>; for there was none of them, but (after they had I i-n a little while with him, and seen his behaviour, and how cheerful and successl'ul his men were) w >ul(l be as ready to pilot him to any place wheie tl ■ Indians dwelt or haunted, (though their own father or near- est relations should be among them) or to fight for him, as any of his own men. Captain Church was, in two particulars, nmch ad- vantaged by the great English army* that was now *I cannot loam as this "great army" was in iniu !i active service about tiiis time. But tlio Connecticut soldic is were very active. A party under Capt. DeiiiBon took prisoner Caiionclict, or Naininttenoo, as he was last callnl, "the chief sachem of all the Narragansets," who iiad cou.r- down from tiiu Nipniuck country to get seed corn to plant !ie de- serted settlements on Connecticut river. Canoncih : was near I'aiituckct river with a company of his men, ain: while secure in his tent, and was relating over his exjiioits ,':iiiist tiic English, Denison came upon him. lie lied w !i all haste, but as he was crossing the river, a misstep b ught '.lis gun, under water, and retarded his progress. On* Jlo. nopoide, a l*i'(|not, being switt of foot, first came up with him. lie made no resistance, though he was ii mai\ oi' 'reat 108 PHILIP'S WAR. abroad. One was, that they drove the enemy down to that part of the country, viz., to the eastward of Taunton river, by which his business was nearer home. The other was, that when he fell on with a push upon any body of the enemy, (were they never so many) they fled, expecting the great army. And his manner of marching through the woods was such, [that]' if he were discovered, they appeared to be more than they were; foi' he always marched at a wide distance one from another, partly for their safety: And this was an Indian custom to march thin and scattered. Captain Church inquired of some of the Indians that were become his soldiers, how they got such advantage, often, of the English in their marches through the woods? They told him, that the In- 'M strengtli. A young Englishman next came up, and asked him some questions, but he would make no answer. At length, casting a look of neglect on his youthful face, said, in broken Eiiglisli, "You too much child; no understiind matters of war- Let your Captain come; him I will answer." He would not accept of his life when offered him ; and when told that he was to die, said, "He liked it well; that he should die before his heart was soft, or he had spoken any thing unworthy of himself. He was afterward shot at Stonington. And by Autumn, this with otiier volunteer companies killed and took 230 of the enemy, and 50 muskets; these exploits were continued until the Narragansets were all driven out of the country, except Ninigret, Trumbull, I, 343 to 345. The regular soldiers under Major Talcot marched into the Nipmuck's country, where at one time they killed and took 52 of the enemy. This was in the begin- ning of June. On 12 June they came upon about 700 In- dians, who were furiously besieging Hadley, whom they im- mediitely dispersed. On tiieir return to the Narraganset country they ciune upon the main body of the enemy near a large cedar swamp, who mostly tied into it. But being sur- rounded, 171 wore killed and tiiken. Among them waa Jhig. nus, the old Queen of Narraganset. Near Providence Ihcy made prisoners, and killed 67; and soon after 60 more on their return to Connecticut. Holmes, 1, 431 to 433. See note 1, on p;i;fe 103. PHILIP'S WAR. 109 dians gained great advantage of the English by two things; [theyp always took care in their marches and fights, not to come too thicii together; but the English always kept in a heap together; [so] that it was as easy to hit them, as to hit a house. The other was, that if at any time they discovered a company of English soldiers in the woods, they knew that there were all, for the English never scattered, but the Indians always divided and scattered. Captain Church [being] now at Plymouth, some- thing or other happened that kept him at honie a few days, until a f)ost came to Marshfield on the Lord's* day morning, informing the Governour, that a great army of Indians were discovered, who it was supposed were designing to get over the river to- wards Taunton or Bridgewater.f to attack those towns that lay on that side [of] the river. The Governour hastened to Plymouth, raised what men he could by the way, came to Plymouth in the begin- ning of the forenoon exercise, sent for Captain Church out of the meeting house, gave him the news, and desired him immediately to rally what of his company he could, and what men he had raised should join them. The Captain bestirs himself, but found no bread in the store house, and so was forced to run from house to house to get household bread for their march. But this nor any thing else prevented his marching by the beginning of the afternoon exercise. Marching with what menj were ready, he took with him the post that came from Bridgewater to pilot him to the place where he thought he might meet with the enemy. " [the Indians] * July 30, 1676. ■j-This word in tho text was given uniformly without the first e. JHehiid "alioiit 30 Englislimen and 20 reconciled Indians." Hub)- 'ird, Niir. 'J23. •IP no PHILIP'S WAR. In the evening they heard a smart firing at a dis- tance from them, but it being near night, and the firing but of short continuance, they missed the !)lace, and went into Bridgewater town. It seems ^that] the occasion of the firing wag, tiiat Philip, Inding that Captain Church made that side of the country too hot for him, designed to return to tlie other side of the country that he came last from. And coming to Taunton river with his company, they felled a great tree across the river, for a biidgo to ipass over on. And just as Philip's old uncle Akkompoin,* and some other of his chiefs were pass- ing over the tree, some brisk Bridgewater lads had ambushed them, fired upon them, and killed the old man, and several others, which put a stop to their coming over the river that night. f Next morning. Captain Church moved very early with his company, which was increased by many of Bridgewater, that enlisted under him for that expe- dition; and by their piloting, soon came very still to the top of the great tree, which the enemy had (alien across the river, and the Captain spied an In- dian sitting on the stump of it on the other side of the river, and he clapped his gun up, and had doubt- less despatched him, but that one of his own Indians called hastily to him, not to fire, for he believed it was one of their own men. Upon which the Indian upon the stump, looked about, and Captain Church's Indian seeing his face, perceived his mistake, lor he knew him to be Philip; clapped up his gun and fired, but it w.is too late; for Philip immediately threw himself off the stump, leaped down a bank on the other side of the river and made his escape. J; * Tills might bo a brother of Massassoit, but we hear of none but Quudequinuh. t Hubbard phices the date of this action on the 31; but according to our author it was on Sunday, and Sunday was the 30. J Ho had not long before cut otF his hair that he might no* '^ knovvn. Hubbard. PHILIP'S WAR. Captain Church, as soon as possible g river, and scattered in quest oi Philip ana fany; but the enemy scattered and fl^d eve — i^ He picked up a considerable many o women and children, among which were Philip wife and son; [the son]^ about nine years ol Discovering a considerable new track along the rive and examining the prisoners, found [that] it wa3 Qunnapin and the Narragansets, that were drawing otf from those parts towards the Narraganset coun- try. He inquired of the prisoners, whether Philip was gone in the same track? They told him that they did not know; for he fled in a great fright when the first English gun was fired, and [that] they had none of them seen or heard any thing of him since. Captain Church left part of his company there to secure the prisoners [which] they got, and to pick up what more they could find, and with the rest of his company hastened in the track of the enemy to overtake them, if it might be before they got over the river; and ran some miles along the river, until he came to a place where the Indians had waded over; and he with his company waded over after them, up to the armpits ; being almost as wet before with sweat as the river could make them. Following about a mile further, and not overtaking them, and the Captain being under [a] necessity to return that night to the army, came to a halt; told his company [that] lie must return to his other men. His Indian soldiers moved for leave to pursue the enemy, (though he returned) ; [they] said [that] the Narra- gansets were great rogues, and [that] they wanted to be revenged on them for killing some of their relations; named Tockamona, (Awashonks' brother) and some others. Captain Church bade them go and jM'osper, and made Lightfoot their chief, and gave him the title of Captain. Bid them go and quit mselves like men. And away they scampered like any horses. i i I I 11 > • i 112 Pffli^'S WAR. Next morning* early they returned to their Cap- tain, and informed him that they had come up with the enemy, and killed several oi them, and brought him thirteen 3f them prisoners. .[They] were mighty proud of their exploit, and rejoiced much at the op- portunity of avenging themselves.f Captain Church sent the prisoners to Bridge water, and sent out his scouts to see what enemies or tracks they could [find.] Discovering some small tracks, he followed them, found where the enemy had kindled some fires, and roasted some flesh, &c., but had put out their fires and were gone. The Captain followed them by the track, putting his Indians in the front; some of which were such as he had newly taken from the enemy, and added to his company. [He] gave them orders to march softly, and upon hearing a whistle in the rear, to sit down, till further order; or, upon discovery of any of the enemy, to stop; for his design was, if he could discover where the enemy were, not to fall upon them (unless necessitated to it) until next morn- ing. The Indians in the front came up with many women and children, and others that were faint and tired, and so not able to keep up with the company. These gave them an account, that Philip with a great number of the enemy, was a little before. Captain Church's Indians told the others, [that] they were their prisoners, but if they would submit to order, and be still, no one should hurt them. They being their old acquaintance, were easily per- suaded to conform. A little before sunset there was a halt in the front, until the Captain came up. They told him [that] they discovered the enemy. He ordered them to dog them nnd watch their mo- tion till it was dark. But Piiilip soqn came to a stop, and fell to breaking and chopping wood, to * August 1st. •(■ Mr. Hubbard takes no notice of this exploit. PinUP'S WAR. 113 make fires; and a great noise they made. Captain Church draws his company up in a ring, and sat down in the swamp without any noise or fire. The Indian prisoners were much surprised to see the English soldiers; but the Captain told them, [that] if they would be quiet, and not make any dis- turbance or noise, they should meet with civil treat- ment; but if they made any disturbance, or oflTered to run, or make their escape, he would immediately kill them all; so they were very submissive and ob- sequious. When the day broke. Captain Church told his pri- soners, that his expedition was such, at [that]' time, that he could not afford them any guard ; told them, [that] they would find it to be [to] their interest, to attend the orders he was now about to give them ; which were, that when the fight was over, which they now expected, or as soon as the firing ceased, they must follow the track of his company, and come to them. (An Indian is next to a blood hound to follow a track.) He said to them, it would be in vain for them to think of disobedience, or to gain any thing by it; for he had taken and killed a great many of the Indian rebels, and should, in a little time kill and take all the rest, &c. By this time it began to be [as]^ light as the time that he usually chose to make his onset. He moved, sending two soldiers before, to try, if they could privately discover the enemy's postures. But very unhappily it fell out, that [at] the very same time, Philip had sent two of his [n7rn] as a scou* upon his own track, to see if none dogged [him.]^ [They]* spied the two Indian men, [ — Y turned short about, and fled with all speed to their camp, and Captain Church pursued as fast as he could. The two In- dians set a yelling and howling, and made the most hideous noise they could invent, soon gave the alarm to Philip and his camp, who all fled at the first tid- '[thirl *[*"] •[iliem] * [who] •[and] 8 mgs PHILIP'S WAR. left their kettles boiling, and meat loastmg upon their wooden spits, and ran into a swannp,* with no other breakfast, than what Captain Church after- wards treated them with. Captain Church pursuing, sent Mr, Isaac How- landf with a party on one side of the swamp, while himself with the rest, ran on the other side, agreeing to run on each side, until they met on the further end. Placing some men in secure stands at that end of the swamp where Philip entered, concluding that if they headed him, and beat him back, that he would taite back in his own track. Captain Church and Mr. Rowland soon met at the further end of the swamp, (it not be'ng a great one) where they met with a great numbe of the enemy, well armed, com- ing out of the swan)p. But on sight of the English, they seemed very much surprised and tacked snort. Captain Church called hastily to them, and said, fthat] if they fired one gun they were all dead men ; or he would have them to know that he had them hemmed in with a force sufficient to command them ; but- if they peaceably surrendered, they should have good quarter,^ &c. They seeing the Indians and English come so thick upon thsm, were so surprised, that many of them stood still and let the English come and take the guns out of their hands, when they were both charged and cocked. Many, both men, women and children of the ene- my, were imprisoned at this time; while Philip, * This swamp was on tljo west side of Tuunton river, in Mattapoiset iieciv in Bwanzey. f A brother to Jabez Howiand before mentioned, and son of the first John Howiand, whoso name lives among the celebrated FORTY ONE. See note 1, page 89. J We may conclude that Mr. Hubbard is more correct in his account of tiiis afi'air tiiaii our autiior; he says, tiiat one of Churcli'a Indians called to them in their own language, &c., which from the circunisfcinoe that Mr. Ciiurch could not speak Indian is creditable. Nur. 223. ! _: ._ PHILIP'S WAR. 118 Tispaquin, Totoson,* &c., concluded that the Eng- lish would pursue them upon their tracks, so were waylaying [them]* at the first end of the swamp; hoping thereby to gain a shot upon Captain Church, who was now better employed in taking prisoners, and running them into a valley, in form something [ — f like a punch bowl; and appointing a guard of two files, treble armed with guns taken from the But Philip having waited all this while in vain, enemy. now moves on after the rest of his company to see what was become of them. And by this time Cap- tain Church had got into the swamp ready to meet him, and as it happened made the first discovery, clapped behind a tree, until Philip's company came pretty near, and then fired upon them; killed many of them, and a close skirmish followed. Upon this Philip having grounds sufllicient to suspect the event of his company that went before them, fled back upon his own track ; and coming to the place where the atnhush lay, they fired on each other, and one Lucas of Plymouth, not being so careful as he might have been about his stand, was killed by the Indians. In this swamp skirmish Captain Church, with his two men who always ran by his side, as his guard, met with three of the enemy, two of which surren- dered themselves, and the Captain's guard seized them, but the other, being a great, stout, surly fellow, ' [their tracks] * [sliaped] *A son of tlie noted Sam Barrow. Totoson, as will pr&. sently be seen, died of grief for tlie destruction of his family, and loss of his country. He was one of the six Narraganset sachems tiiat subscribed tlie treaty in Julj% 1675. His prin- cipal place of resort was in Rochester, on the left of the main road as you pass from the village of Rochester to Mattapoi- set, and about two miles from the latter. It was a piece of high ground in a large swamp, connected to the high land by a narrow neck, over which, all had to pass to visit him. The road passes near where this ."■»ck joins the high ground. MS, Recoiled ions. 110 PHILIP'S WAR. with his two locks tied up with red, and a great rat«. tlesnake's skin hanging to the back part of his head, (who Captain Church concluded to be Totoson) ran from tliem into the swamp. Captain Church in per- son pursued him close, till coming pretty near up with him, presented his gun between hist shoulders, but it missing tire, the Indian perceiving it, turned and presented at Captain Church, [but his gun]^ missing fire also; (their guns taking wet with the fog and dew of the morning) [and]^ the Indian turning short for another run, his foot tripped in a small grape vine, and he fell flat on his face. Captain Church was by this time up with him, and struck the muzzle of his gun, an inch and a half, into the back part of his head, which despatched him without another blow.* IJut Captain Church looking behind him, saw Totoson, the Indian whom he thought he had killed, conie flying at him like a dragon; but this happened to be fair in sight of the guard that were set to keep the prisoners, who, spying Totoson and others that were i'oilowing him, in the very seasonable juncture made a shot upon them, and rescued their Captain; though he was in no small danger from his friends' bullets; for some of them came so near him that he thought he felt the wind of them. The skirmish being over, they gathered their pri- soners together, and found the number that they had killed and taken, was one hundred arid seventy-three, (the prisoners which they took over night included) who aftci the skirmish, came to them as they were ordered. f Now having no provisions but what they took from ■ [and] » [but] * It CJiiinot, now, be ascertiiined wlio tlii*" Indian wurriour was, but his bravery waa not unequal, perhafis, ti 'luinberless civilized warriours wiioae individual fame has filled far bulkier books than this. t These exploits took up two days, namely the 2, and 3 August. (r^ PHILIP'S WAR. 11? the enemy, they hastened to Bridgewa^. , senoing an express before to provide for them, their company being now very numerous.* Tiie gentlemen of Bridgewater met Captain Church with great expressions of honour and thanks, and re- ceived him and his army with all due respect and kind treatment. Captain Church drove his prisoners (that niuhO into Bridgewater pound, and set his Indian soldiers to guard them. They being well treated with victu- als and drink, thev had a merry night, and the piison- ers laughed as loud as the "^soldiers; not being so treated [for] a long time before. Some of the Indians now said to Captain Church, "Sir, you have now made Philip ready to die, for you have made him as poor and miserable as he used to make the English; for you have now killed or taken all [of] his relations; that they believed he would now soon have his head, and that this bout had almost broken his heart," The next dayf Captain Church moved, and arriv- ed with all his prisoners safe at Plymouth. The great English army was now at Taunton, and Major Talcot,J with the Connecticut forces, being in these parts of the country, did considerable spoil upon the enemy. • Church had but about 80 Englislimen and 20 reconciled Indians, says Hubbard, 223, as before noted; and that he took about 163 prisoners. It is probable that lie is a little out of the way in the former, as well as the latter part of the statement. t August 14. t Major John Talcot. It is to be regretted that we have no account of this military chieftain in a biographical work. There are many of this class, which, should they receiva a small part of the attention bestowed on some obscure charac- ters, would add much to the value of such works. I have little information of Major Talcot,, except what is contain- ed in the valuable History of Connecticut. In note 1, on pago 107, a few of his exploits are sketched; but about this tim*' he was as busy £is Church, and performed very signal 4 ^ I IIR I'llILlP'S WAR. Now C'liptaiii (.'liuicli l)cinK arrived fit Plymouth received thanks iVum the g<»v('riimt.'nt for liis good service, etc. Many of his soldiers were disbanded, niid he thoiniht to rest himself awhile; l)eiii}j; much fatigued, and his health impaired, by excessive heats , and colds, wading through rivers, iScc. But it was not long before ho was called upoti to rally, upon ndvico that some of the enemy were discovered in Dartu)outh woods. lie took his Indians and as many English volun- teers as presented to go with him ; scattering into small parcels, Mr. Jal)ez Ilowland (who was now, and often, his Lieutenant, and a worthy good soldier) \\iu\ the fortune to discover and imprison a parcel of the enemy. In the evening they met together at an appointetl place, and byexaminiii: the jjrisoners they gained intelligence ol Totoson • huunt.* And being brisk in the morning, they soon gained an ad- vantage of Totoson's company,! though he himself, aervicos. After ho hud rcmiited liis men at homo a short tiino, lio received intelligeiiee that ii huge body of Indiana were lleeing to tho westward. Major Talcot overtook them near the close of the tliird day, between Westfield and Albii- ny on tho west Hide of housatoniek river. On the following morning ho divided liis ni n into two parties; one was to croHs tho river mid come u; jn their front, at the same time tho other fell UfMin their rear. This well concerted plan ciimo near being ruined; as the first party were crossing the river they were discovered by one of the enemy who wiis out, (ishing. Ho hallooed, "Awannu.x! Awanna.\!" and was immediately shot down. This surprised tho enemy, and the gun wius taken for tiio signal to begin iho onset by the other narty, who discharged upon them as they were rising from Hlecp. All that wc/'o not killed or wounded lied into tho •woods which were very thick, and tho pursuit was given up. t'orty-iivo of tho enemy were killed and taken, among tho farinor was the sachem of Quabaog. The army now retunieil. Tho ]\Iajor had at first 3jO men beside friendly Indians. • See note on page 115. fllnblird, Nar. S232, says that about fifty were taken ai tliiii time. 1 n TOTOSOJf. P. 118. I if I PHILIP'S WAR. lit with his son about eight years old, made their escape, and one old squaw with them, to Agawoin,* his own country. Dut Sam Barrow,t as nt'ted a rogue as any among the enemy, fell into the hands of the Eng- lish at this time. Captain Church told him, that he- cause of his inhuman murders and hnrharities, the Court had allowed him no quiirfcr, l»iit was to he forthwith put to death ; and therefore he was to pre- pare tor it. Harrow replied, tluit the sentence of death against him was just, and that indeed he was asliamed to live any longer, and desired no more fa- vour, than to smoke a whilV of tobacco i)efore his execution. When he had taken a few vvhills, he said, he was ready ; upon wliich one of Captain Church's Indians sunk his hatchet into his brains. The famous Totoson arriving at Agawom.J his son,§ which was the last that was left of the family, (Captain Church having destroyed all the rest) tell sick. The wretch redecling ufion the miserable con- dition he hnd brought himself into, his heart became a stone within him, and [he] died. The old scpiaw Hung a few leaves and brush over him, came into Sandwich, and gave this account of his death; and oHered to show them where she left his body ; but never had the opportunity, for she immediately fell sick and died also. * In Rochester. + 1 find notliing more recorded of Rarrow, tlr n what is here een. It appears that he had been a noted villain, and perhaps sentence was just. Hut he was an okl man, and would iiave died soon enough without murdering. No doubt he made great efforts to redeem his siiiliing country, an account of wliicii can- not be had at this day, wliich witli many others we have greatly to lament the loss of with the generations to come. J(Scve'-al places were called Agawom; [or Agawam] as nt Ipswich and Springfield ; this Agawom lies in Wareham.) It is probable that Totoson had other places of resort as well as in Rociiester, but that described in note on page 115, ia sup- posed to be the principal. 5 Totoson, son of Su \ Rarrow, is meant. I I 120 PHILIP'S WAR. Captain CImrch bein and came near the ground, half the night was spent. The Cap- tain commands a halt, and bringing the company to- irethcr, he asked Major Sanford's and Captain Gild- ing's advice, what method [it] was best to take in makiihg the onset; but they declined giving him auj 1 [wlio] ,• Mr. Hubbard says that it was for ad'fising him to make peace with t^e Enghsh. F 123 I'lIILlP'S WAR. odviue i telling him, that his great experience iuiii success forbid their taking upon tiiem to give advice. Then Captain Church offered Captain Golding [ — ]' the honour (if he would please accept of it) to beat up Philip's headquarters. He accepted the offer and had his allotted number drawn out to him, and the pilot. Captain Church's instructions to 'lim were, to be very careful in his approach to the ene- my, and be sure not to show himself, until by day- li^^rht they might see and discern their own men from the enemy ; told him also, that his custom in like rases, was, to creep with his company, on their bel- lies, until they came as near as they could ; and that us soon as the enemy discovered them, they would cry out, and that was the word for his men to fire and fall on. [He] directed him, [that] when the eni-my should start and take into the swamp, [that] they should pursue with speed ; every man shouting and making what noise [he]^ could ; for he would give orders to his ambuscade to fire on any that should come silently. Captain Church knowing that it was Philip's cus- tom to be foremost in the flight, went down to the swamp, and pave Captain Williams of Scituate the conunand of the right wing of the ambush, and pla- ced an Englishman and an Indian together behind such shelters of trees, &c., [as]'* lio could find, and took care to place them at such distance, that none miglit pass undiscovered between them ; charged tiiem to be careful of themselves, and of hurting fhnr friends, and to fire at any that should come si- lently through the swamp. But [it] being somewliat further through the swamp than he was aware of, he wanted men t\) make up his ambuscade. Having placed what men he had, he took Major Snnford by the hand, [and] said, " Sir I have so pla- cetl them that it is scarce possible Philip should escnpe them." The same moment a shot whistled » [that he should hj e] 2 f they] 3 [that] II DEATH OF KlffO PUILIF. P. IM. L. PHILIP'S WAR. 123 over their heads, and then the noise of a gun towards Philip's catnp. Captain Church, at first, thought [that] it might be some gun fired by accident ; but before he could speak, a whole volley followed, which was earlier than he expected. One of Philip's gang going forth to ease himself, when he had done, look- ed round him, ana Captain Goldiiig thought [that] the Indian looked right at him, (though probably it was but his conceit) so fired at him ; and upon his firing, the whole company that were with him fired upon the enemy's shelter, before the Indians had time to rise from their sleep, and so over shot them. But their shelter was open on that side next the swamp, built so on purpose for the convenience of flight on occasion. They were soon in the swamp, but Philip the foremost, who started at the first gun, threw his petunk and powderhorn over his head, catched up his gun, and ran as fast as he could scamper, without any more clothes than his small breeches and stockings ; and ran directly on two of Captain Church's ambush. They let him come fair within shot, and the Englishman's gun missing fire, he bid the Indian fire away, and he did so to [the] purpose ; sent one musket bullet through his i)eart, and another not above two inches from it. He fell upon his face in the mud and water, with his gun un- der him.* * Thus fell the celebrated King Pliilip, the iinphicable enemy of civiliz.ition. Never, perhap- did the fall of any prini-e or Wixrriour aflbrd so much space >r solid rejection. Had the resources of this hero been eqtial ) those of his enemies, wliat would have been their fate ? This t terminating war had not been known to millions! How vast tiie i utrast! when this country Is viewed in its present populous and nourishing state, extending over thousands of miles, and the sound of civilization emanating from every part; and when presented to the imagination in the days of Philip; with only here and there a solitary dwelling surrounded with an endless wilderness. Before the fall of Philip, t e Indians for some time iiad been looting ground, and wer» considered aa nearly subdued, ' w •If 1 tt't- ? SI- II 1 k HI 1' ^ 111! Iji 124 PHILIP'S WAR. By this time the enemy perceived [that] they were waylaid on the east side of the swamp, [and] tacked short about. One of the enemy, who seemed to be a great, surly old fellow ; hallooed with a loud voice, and often called out, " lootash, lootash.^^* Captain Church called to his Indian, Peter, and asked him, who that was that called so 9 He answered, that it was old Annawon,f Philip's grero« liiibly of more service now than it had ever been before, if we judge from any account since given. t (In Swanzey. Tlicre is another Mattapoiset in Rocb* ester.) PHILIP'S WAR. 1»1 to a^rco in tlicir story ; that tlicro ivero ci^lit more of tliein [ulio carnej' down into tlio nocii to ftni provisions, and had u>ry, that it was hard to tell whore to find Annawon, for he never roosted tA'ice in a place. Now a certain Indian soldier, that Captain Church had gained over to be on his side, prayed that he might liave liberty to go and fvldi in his father, who, he said, was about four miles from tliat place, in n swamp, with no other than a young s(juaw. Captain Church inclined to go with iiim. thinking [tha*J it might be in his way lo grin some intelligence of Annawon ; and so taking "lie Englishman and a few 1 [come] 2 [were] • Mr. .lal'fz Howlanil ii.'.f 132 PHILIP'S WAR. 1 1 Indians witli him, leaving the rest there, lie went with his new soldier to look [after] his father. When he came to the swamp, he bid the Indian go [andj* see if he could find his father. He was no sooner gone, but Captain Church discovered a track coming down out of the woods ; upon which he and his little company lay close, some on one side of the track, and sonn on the other. They heard the Indian soldier makin<« a howlin^ for his father, and at length somebody answered him ; but while they were listening, they thought [that] they heard somebody coming towards them ; presently [they] saw an old man coming up with a gun on his shoulder, and a young woman following in the track which they lay by. They let them come up between them, and then started up and laid hold of them both. Ca[)tain Church immediately examined them apart, telling them what they must trust to, if they told false stories. He asked the young woman, what company they came from last? She said, " From Captain Annawon's." He asked her how many were in company with him when she left him 9 She said, ''Fifty or sixty." He asked her how many miles it was to the place where she left him ? She said, [that] she did not understand miles, but he was up in Squannaconk swamp.* The old man, who had been one of Philip's coun- c'l. upon examination, gave exactly the same ac- count. Captain Church asked him if they could get there that night? He said, [that] if they went pre- sently, and travelled stoutly, they might get there by sunset. He asked whither he was going 'I He answered, that Annavvon had sent him down to look [for] some Indians, that were gone down into Mount- hope neck to ki'l provisions. Captain Church let him know that those Indians were all his prisoners. I [to] 2 [hu*] • (Southeasterly part of Uehobotli) r PHILIP'S WAR. 133 By this time came the Indian soldier and brought his father and one Indian more. The Captain was now in a great strait of mind what to do next ; he had a mind to give Annawon a visit, now he Icnew where to find him. Bat his company was very small, [only]^ half a dozen men beside himself, and was under a necessity to send some body back to acquaint his Lieutenant and company with his proceed injr-. However, he asked his small company that were wiili him, whether they would willingly go with him and give Annawon a visit *? They told him, [that] thoy were always ready to obey his commands, &,c. ; but wit'.ial told him, that tlicy knew this Captain Aima- won was a great soldier ; that he had been a valiant Captain under Asulunotpiin,* Philip's father ; and 1 [but] * Morton, 12'i, calls liim Woosanipquon. Tins was the last name hv which the " p;ooil old Massassoit" was known. This name he took about the time of the Poqnot war as was mentioned in note 1, on ]>ase 17. Allen in his Bioa;ranhical Dictionary, has given a siinrt sketch of him, which is very delicient. Not even informina; us that he was ever klu)^vn by any other namelhan Massassoit. Tliis celebrated chieren- tereil into a lea!2;ue oflViendship with the Plvmoiith Pi!i;;rims the next sprin^j; aliler their arrival, which was ki-ut until iiis death. Some of the other tribes iney were pretty near them, with tw-o of his Indians he creeps to the edge of the rocks, from whence he couid sec their camps. He saw three companies of Indians at a little distance from each other; being easy to be discovered by tiie light of their fires. lie saw also the gmat ANNAWON and his company, who iiad formed his camp or kenneling place by falling a tree under the side of the great clifls of rocks, and setting a row of birch bushes up against it ; where he himself, his son, and some of his chiefs had taken up their lodgings, and made great fires without them, and had their pots and kettles boiliii/jf, and spits roasting. Their arms also he discovered, all set together, in a place fitted for the purpose, standing up an end against a stick lodged in two crotches, and a mat placed over them, to keep them from the wet or dew. The old Annawon's feet and his son's head were so near the arms, as almost to touch them. [ — ]' Tile rocks were so steep th:it it was impossible to get down, [onlyP as they lowered tliemselves by the 1 [but] 2 [but] the swamp, ami within 6 or 8 rods of tlie roclc. Tliis im- mense rock extends northeast and southwest 70 or 80 feet, and to this day the camp of Annawon is approached witli diHicnlty. A part of its r.uutheast sivest extremi- ty is an opening of an angular form, in which, it is said; Annawon and the other chiefs were encamped. This open- hig now contains the stump of a large tree, which must have grown since those days, as it nearly tills it up. 138 PHILIP'S WAR. boughs, and the bushes that grew in the cracks of th« rocks. Captain Church creeping back again to the old man, asked him, if there were no possibility of getting at them some other way '} He answered, " No." That he and all that belonged to Annawon, were ordered to come that way, and none could conio any other way without difficulty, or danger of being shot. Captain Church then ordered the old man and his daughter to go down foremost with tlieir baskets at their backs, that when Annawon saw them with their baskets he should not mistrust the ijitrigue. Captain Church and his handful of soldiers crept down also, under the -shadow of those two and their baskets. The Captain himself crept close behind the old man, with his hatchet in his hand, and stepped over the young man's head to the arms. The young Anna- won discovering of him, whipped his blanket over his head, and shrunk up in a heap. The old Cap- tain Annawon started up on his breech, and cried out "Hovvoh."* And despairing of escape, threw himself back again, and lay silent until Captain Church had secured all the arms, &c. And having secured that company, he sent his Indian soldiers to il other fires and companies, giving them instruc- tions, what to do and say. Accordingly they went into the midst of them. When tiiey [h;id] discover- »— * This word according to the tnidition of aged people, sig- nified, "I am taiieii." Dr. Morse has thouglit tit to alter the spelling of this word to Howah. It is very evident that the writer of this liistory, intended in the termination of this word to convey the sound of oh, and not ah. Were this not tiie case, it is certivinly better to give it to posterity as we find it. Sncli nlteritions, however small and unimportant they may seem to some readers, have n very bad tendency ; they tend to cause us to doubt of tlie authenticity of any accounts that are handed down to us. It may be said that an alteration of this kind is of no consequence, because it does not alter the sense, lint it should be recollected, that the authority is as good for any other alteration ; for to alter letters is to alter words ; to alter words is to change the sense. PHILIP'S WAR. 139 ed themselves [to the enemy, they]' u \d them lliat, their Captain Annavvon was taken, ind [that] it would be best for them, quietly and peaceably 1 1 surrender themselves, which would procure good quarter for them ; otherwijie, if they should pretend to resist or make their escape, it would be in vain, and they could e.\|)ect no other but that Captain (Jliurch, with his great army, who hail now entrap- ped ti»em, would cut them to pieces. Told ili(;in also, [that] if they would submit themselves, and le- liver up all their arms unto them, and keep evLry man in his place until it was day, they would assii>c tliem that their Captain Church, who had been s > kind to themselves when they surrendered to liini. should be as kir to them. Now they being old ac- quaintance, and many of them relations, r small belt with a star upon the end of it, which he used to hang on his breast, and they were all edged with red hair, which Annawon said they got in the Mo- liog's* country. Then ho pulled out two horns of glazed povvder, and a red cloth blanket, lie told Captain Church [tlmtj these were Philip's royalties, which lie was wont to adorn himself with, when he Hat in state ; that he iliouglit himself happy that he had an opportunity to |)resent thetn to Captain Church, wlu) had won tiuni, etc. [They] spent the remainder of the night in discourse. And [Captain Annawon] gave an account of what mighty success he had [had] formerly in wars against many nations of Indians,! when lie served Asuhnituiuin, Philip's father, &.C.J was made a tender by law (or t\\c payment of debts " not ex- ceedinfi; 40 shillings, at 8 white or 4 black a penny ; this was repealed in 1671." Douglass, I, 437. * jMohawk's. This word is spelt Moohag on page 63. See note 2, of page 68. t How much it is to be lamented that Mr. Church did not preserve the conversation of Annawon at Ibis time. Nothing could have added more value to his history. t Thus ended Monday night 28 August. It isunaccounta- ble (hat Mr. Hubbard (ixes no date to Ibis transaction, and (he more so, as he wrote so near (he time that it took place. It is not without some hesitation that the above is admitted, on account of (he disagreements in the narratives. Hub- bard, 230, says that Tispaquin came in, in September, and daces it before the taking of Annawon, which if our author )e correct is a gross mistake. Now it is evident that it was on Monday night from the text, and that there was a moon not long after dark, perhaps an hour or two. This ex- I PHILIP'S WAR. 143 In the morninj^, ns soon as it was light, the Cnp- toiii inurchcd with his prisoners out oC that swunip) country towards TiunUon. [lie] mot his Lieutonaul and c«»nipany about four miles out ot" town, who ex- pressed a great deal of joy to see him again, and said, [that] it was more tiian ever they ijxpeeteil. 'I'hey went into Taunton, worn civilly and kindly treated by the inhabitants. [Here they] refreslnul njid rested themselves Inat night. J'larly next morning, the Captain took old Anna- won, and half a doz(!n of his Indian soldier;-', and his own man, and went to Ilhodeishmd ; sending the rest of his company, and I s prisoners by his Lieu- tenant* to Plymouth. Tarrying two or three days upon the island, he then wvnt to Plymouth, and car- ried his wife and his two children willi liim. Captain Church had been but a ,.ttle wl 'o at Plymouth, when he was inl'ormed of a parcel f In- dians who had haunted tlie woods between J'lv'noutl' and Sippican ; that did great (lam'"'(; t(» the luig lish, in killing their ( attle, horses, mki •swine. The Captain was soon in pursuit of l! m\. [He] went out from Plymouth t!ie next Monday in the; after- noon, [and] next morning early they discovered a track. The Ca[)tain sent two Indians on the track to see what they could di'^covcr, whilst he and his company followed gently after. T^ut tiie two In- dians soon returned witli iidings, that they discover- ed the enemy sitting round tlieir fires, in a thick jdacc of brush. When they came pretty near tl'(; j)lace, the Captain ordered every man to creep as lie did, and surround them by creeping as near as they could, till they should be discovered, and thei> nctly corresponds with iJ. ide given ubove, bei-auso llio moon was at the full on tlie 26 August, and this ln-iiig two niijhts after, tiiey would of eourae have the nioou a short tiiuo nfler dark. * Mr. Jabcz Ilowland. m 144 PHILIP'S WAR. to run [ — Y upon them, and take them alive if pos- sible, (tor their prisoners were their pay.) They did so, [takingp every one* that were at the fires, not one escaping. Upon examination they agreed in their stories, that they belonged to Tispaquin, who was gone with John Bump,| and one more, to AgavvamJ and Sippican§ to kill horses, and were not expected back in two or three days.|| This same Tispaquin had been a great Captain, and the Indians reported, that he was such a great Pauwau,% that no bullet could enter him, &c. Cap- tain Church said, [that] he would not have him kill- ed, for there was a war** broke out in the eastern part of the country, and he would have him saved to go with him to fight the eastern Indians. Agreeably he left two old squaws, of the prisoners, and bid them tarry there until their Captain, Tispaquin, returned, and to tell him that Church had been there, and had taken his wife and children, and company, and car- ried them down to Plymouth, and would spare all their lives, and his too, if he would come down to them, and bring the other two that were with him, and they should be his soldiers, &c. Captain Church then returned to Plymouth, leav- ing the old squaws well provided for, and biscuit for Tispaquin when he returned ; telling his soldiers, that he doubted not, but he had laid a trap that '[on] •[♦ook] * About 60, according to Hubbard, 231. "The place was near Lnkenham upon Pocasset neck, so full of bushes that a man could not see a rod before him." Ibid. t Nothing more is said of this Indian as I can find. There are respectiible white people in Middlcborough by this name, from the ancestors of whom he might have derived his name. I (Wurehnm.) { (Rochester.) II This was in September. ir Wizard or conjurer. English writers denominate their priests by this name. ** An account of this war will bo given in the Appendix. See No. V. TVSPjitiUlJV. P. 144. PHILIP'S WAR. 145 would take him. Captain Church two oays after went to Boston, (the commissioners* then sitting) and waited upbn the honourable Governour Leve- rett.f who then lay sick. [He]^ requested Captain Church to give him some account of the war, who readily obliged his honour therein, to his great satis- faction, as he was pleased to express himself; tak- ing him by the hand, and telling him, [that] if it pleased God [that] he lived, he would make it a brace of a hundred pounds advantage to him out of the Massachusetts colony, and would endeavour that the rest of the colonies should do proportionably. But he died within a fortnight after, and so nothing was done of that nature. '[who] * I find no mention of any other court in Miissachusetts at this time, tluin that called together the 9 August, occasioned by a letter from the King, summoning the colony to appoint commis- sioners to answer to the complaints of Gorges and Mason, con- cerning boundaries, &c. See Hist. Mass, I, 280, 281. Tiiis and other business, it is probable, kept them together until the time alluded to in our text. ' t Governour .Tohn Leverett came to America with his father in 1 633, from Boston in iiincolnshire, England. He was made deputy Governour in 1671, and in 1673, Governour. He con- tinned in the office until his death, which, according to our author, was in 1676. Dr. Douglass also, in his Summary, I, 429, siifi's that it was " in the autumn of 1676." It is remarkable, that most, if not all, later historians place his death in 1678, on the autiiority of ]Mather, I conclude. In my first edition of this work I followed the Biographicid Dictionaries without scruple, but soon discovered the errour. Eliot and Allen, perhaps, fol- lowed Mather without hesitation, because Hutchinson did not dilVer from him. Tho former part of this note was written previous to the appearance of Mr. Savage's edition of Winthrop's History of Newengland. It there appears, II, 246, note 2, that a letter was received 1677, from the court of England, creating bim Knight. This title was never used, which Mr. Savage con- jectures various reasons for. But if he were dead before his appointment arrived, that is a sufficient reason.* In Snow's Hist. Boston, ^ome account of his funeral is given, but under the same date. j^ 1 1 140 PHILIP'S WAR. The same day* Tispaquin came in, and those that were with him. But when Captain Church returned from Boston, he found, to his grief, the' heads of Anna- won, Tispnquin, &c.,t <5Ut off which were the last of Philip's friends. J * Tlio Siimo day that the truTp was set. t The full import of tliia &c. 13 not known. We can only observe, tiiat a great many others nt different times were execu- ted, much to tiie dishonour of those concerned. Of the numbers of tiiose poor natives that were thus murdered, we must remain ignorant. J Melancholy indeed is the reflection, a nation is no more! Thus we behold the instability of all things, acted upon by the exterminating hand of time. The rude government of the natives cmild not" protect them against treachery in an uncom- mon degree. Their means of support being often scant, and many times nearly cut off, was a. great inducement to desertion to the English, where they always fared much better. Hence their first great disaster, at the swamp fight in Narraganset, was owing to a fugitive's leadirig the English to the only assailable part of the fort; Philip fell by the same foul treachery; and, Jastly, Ann.awon, who, had he been a Roman, would l)av& been called the great. The following lines admirably portray the fniilty of man. " Iiike leaves on trees the mce of man Is found ; Now gi'ot'ii ill youth, now wilh'rliig on the ground ; Another race the following spring sunplies; They fall successive, and successive rise: So genorntions, in their course, decay ; ^ 80 tiourish these, when those are past away." Pope's Homer. The conduct of the government in putting to death " Anna- won, Tispaquin, &,c.," has ever tieen viewed as barbarous; no circumstance now nuide it necessaiy. The Indians were sub- dued, therefore no example was wanting to deter others. It is true, some \\\i:a mentioned by the government as unmeriting mercy; but humanity forbade the execution of laws formed only for the eirt-rgencies of the moment. Governour Hutch- inson observes, " Every person, almost, in the two colonies, [Massachusetts and Plymouth] had lost a relation or near friend, and the people in general were exasperated . but all does not sufficiently excuse this great severity." Hist. Mass. I, 277. Mr. Hubbard, \tho wrote at the time does not fail to justi- fy all the measures of government. Ho says that Church promised Tispiquiii an oHice under liim, if wliat he hud made PHILIP'S WAR. 147 The general court of Plymouth then sitting, sent for Captain Church, who waited upon them accord- » ingly, and received their thanks for his good ser- vice, which they unanimously voted, [and] which was all that Captain Church had for his aforesaid service. Afterwards, in the year 1676,* in the month of January, Captain Church received a commission from Governour Winslow.f to scour the woods of some of the lurking enemy, which they were well informed were th^re. [Here followed the commission which is omitted as it is very similar to that at page 93. It bears date 15 Jan. 1676, but should bo taken 1676-7.] liis followers believe were true, that a bullet could not kill him. When he delivered himself up, the government thought proper to see if it were the case ; so shot at him, and he fell dead the first fire ! Annawon was accused of torturing and murdering many English prisoners, " which he could not deny," therefore he was put to death in the same manner. Mr. Hubbard, though an eminent historian, was not fiee from the prejudices of the times. As for us, wo can only lament the end of those heroes, and in no better language, than that of our eminent native poet. , " Indiilee, our nntlve land, Indulge Ihe tear TlmtBtuals impassioned o'er a nation's doom ; To IIS eucli twig I'rom Adam's slock is deiir, And team of sorrow decli an Indian's tomb." Dwight's Greenfield Hill. * This was according to the old method of dating, when the new year did not begin until the 25 March ; tfierefore, tliia must bo understood 1677. Under tlie old supputation, the year was often written with an additional figure, trom 1 Jan. to 25 March, to represent both the old and new method; tiius, at th.at time the above date would have been properly ^written 1676-7. By the inattention of authors, sometinies using the additional fig.urc, and sometimes omitting it, many anacliroiiisms have been committed. Another method, which sigiiitips tlie same Avas often used; thus, 1(>7 express the same as lf>76-7. But writers frequently fell int.. .'aistakes by taking the wrong figure of the traction. t Tiiis Gentleman having managed the affairs of Plymouth colony during tliis troubleijome war, it will be proper to gi\e some account of him at its dose. He was a so'i of the distin- guished Edward VVinslow whose name is tlie third to that m ■ ■ H ■M w^ us PHILIP'S \/AR. Accordingly Captain Church accompanied with severul gentlemen and other"^, vent ovt and took celebrated "combination," or "firMt foui'c^'ition of liie I'ovem- »;ant of New Plymouth." In hi><\ A'.*"? inder 'vvas mi^ttrusted of plotting ngainat the English, as has b..'C'.; meuiioned ii: nota 1. on page 17. Mr. Window wit'i eight or 'i^v rrn\ s rrvs ^d hivii at a hunMng liouso v;iere he ii.al ju^i. niriveti wit:; . . lut 80 men. Tiiesp I aving ieft their tains without their house, Wire seized b/ vVinslow, \/. o tlien i itlueed Alexander to go with him to Plym.M/>:h. A shnr* time after tliis, Alexander wtis tftlten t ivk and (iit li Wiien Piiilip'a war eomroenced, Mr. Winslow \vrrto U. tiio Govemour of Massinhusi", 3 ;;« ''Jlows: ^ July 4, lo73. A do solemnlv ;;rofes8 wc know not niiy thing from us thit might put Philip upon these motions, nor have neard 'hat he- pretends to have sutiered any wr 'ig :Von« us, «>ave <■ >i: th.it wa had killed aome Indians and iJ'.teiuled to ntal for iiirnself for the murder 01 John Sausainan [Sassamon.] The hist that waa '^vc.:ufed tins week confessed that he saw the other two do the murder. Neitlier had we any tintughts to command him in about H." See note 1, on pjige 2b. Again he writes, " I tnink I can clearly say, that before these present troubles broke out, tlie Eiiglisli aid not possess one foot of land in this colon}', but wli.it was fiirly obtiiined by honest purchase of the Indian propritiors: Nay, beeanse some of our peojile arc of a covetous disposition, and the Indians :ire in tlieir stniits c.isiiy prevailed with to p:trt with tiieir lands, we first made a law that none should purrhnse or receive by gift, any land ot tlie Indians witliont the knowledge and allowance of our court," &c. Hubkiid, 66. Thus justice appenrs to have been aimed at by the leaders in government, from its beginning, but does not nppear to have eirectually prevented tlie private abuses of individu.ila, which w.-is, no doubt, impossible. The remark of Mr. Makin I will lny before the render that he may judge how far it is correct, and whetiier tlie contrast be so great between the treatmeiil of the Indians in Newengland and Pennsylvania, as to deserve what follows. (See Appendix, XIII.) "On ,|n«l mid eqiml terms tln> I.inrt wns (rain'd,* No fiirco of nniiH liiis any riKlit oblniri'd ; Tl* here wltlioiit llio use of nniiii, iiluiie, Tti-i bldss'd iiihiibitant iMijoya his own; llorB iniiiiy, to their wish, iii peace enjoy Tlielr Imppy loti«, iiiid nothing dolh iiiinoy. niU H4kd JVVio KnulaniVa dilf'reiit conduct show'd Whnl diro elTecls from injur'd Indiant flow'd." * /n Venntylvania. Mukin in Troud, II, 003. PHILIP'S WAR. 14A divers parties of Indians. In one of which there was a certain old man, whonn Captain Church seemed to take particular notice of, and asking him where he belonged, he told him at Swanzey. The Cnptain asked his name, he replied, Conscience. Conscience, said the Captain, smiling, then the war is over ; for that was what they were searching for, it being nmch wanted, and returned the said Conscience to his pn^n again at Swanzey, to a certain person [that] the said Indian desired to be sold to, and then returned home.* * Notliing very brilliant, to be sure, occurred in those expedi- tions, if the author has given us the chief exploit of tliem nil, and we may be satisfied tliut we have ?io more of tliem. 31 r. Hubbard tiiKes no notice of any actions of Church after tlie tak- injw of Ann.iwon, which had they been very important would not have escaped his attention. lie closes tiie war in this (jnarter with a few interesting exploits, the chief of which it will be proper to notice. In October one Mr. Stanton with three Indians came from Seconet and on the way heared by a captive, that there were a number of the enemy not far off. The Indians leaving Mr. Stanton pursued and took them all. Among tiicni was an old man not able to go their pace, and tliey spared his life by his promising to come after. It appears that those tiiken, were mostly women and children, whose men were out a hunting. They soon returned, and the old man informed them of what had befel their friends, and they set out in pursuit of them, overtook tiiem, and retook the prisoners. One friendly Indian was killed in the skir- mish, and the other two hardly escaped. One of these was called Major Symon, part Pequot and part Narraganset. He was remark- able for liis strength and courage, and at the first, oH'ered to fight any five of tiie enemy hand to hand with their hatchets, but they declined ; upon which he discharged his gun among them, and then rushed upon them with great fury, broke through them «nd escaped with the other, without injury. Hubbard, 237, 238. ■«,->.■• ;iii TItE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS n NEWENGLMD, between the years 1680, and 1704 ; [being] a further account of the actions in the mobi late wars against the common enemy and induk rebels, in the eastern parto, under the command of the aforesaid CAPTAIN BENJAMIN CHURCH. I N the time of Sir Edmund Andross'* government, began that bloody war in the eastern parts of New- england ; so that immediadely Sic Edmund sent an * Andross was sent over ns Governour of the province of Newyork, in 1674, by tlie Duicc of Yorii. Was appointed Governour of Nevvenfjland, and arrived in Boston, 20 Decem- ber 1684. Sniitii, Hist. N. Y., 63, gives a very just idea of his character in a very few words. " He knew no law, but the will of his master, and Kirk and JetFeries were not fitter instruments than lie to execute the despotick projects or James II." And that "the historians of Newengland justly transmit him to posterity, under the odious character of a sycophantick tool to the Duke, and an arbitrary tyrant over the people com- mitted to his care." He was ciuriked in the midst of his oppressive measures by the abdica*', ju of King .Tames. This had been expected by the coloiiies, and eagerly wished for. The people of Boston on a report of tlie change in England, and without waiting for its confirmation, daringly began the revolu- tion in Newengland. Andross and about 50 other obnoxious persons were seized, and the old government reassumed. He was afterwards Governour of Virginia, and we hear but little more about him. He died in London, Feb. 24, 1713. Holmes, I, 47.5. His life is more particularly given by Eliot, but large, and better by Allen. \r r:^! FRENCH AND NDIAN WARS. 151 express for Captain Church, who then being at Little- coinpton, received it on a Lord's day, in the after- noon mev-jtinc. Going home after meeting, [he] took his hors^e and set out for Boston, as ordered ; and by sunrise next morning, got to Braintree,* where ho met with Colonel Page on horseback going to Wey- mouth and Hingham to raise forces to go ea^i. [He]' said [that] he was glad to see him, and that his ex- cellency would be as glad to see him in Boston so early. So parting he soon got to Boston, and waited upon his excellency, who informed him of an unhaj)- py war, broken out in the eastern parts ; and said, [that] he was going himself in person, and* that he wanted his company with him. But Captain Church not finding himself in the same spirit he used to have, said, [that] he hoped his excellency would give him time to consider of it. He told him he might; and also said that he must come and dine with him. Captain Church having many acquaintance in Bos- ton, who made it their business, some to encourage, and others to discourage him, from ^oing with his excellency. So after dinner his excellency took him into his room, and discoursed freely ; saying, that he having knowledge of '.is former actir .i : and successes, and that he >"nst go with him, anu be his second, with other eucouragements. But in fel'"^- , ♦he said Captain Church did not accept, so was di^iu' bed and went home.f >[who] tf Formerly mount Wollaston. It« Indian name was Wcssa- gusset. It 18 about 10 miles from Boston, nnd is i-enowncd na tiie birth place of John Adams, second President of the U. States, whose life and death add so much veneration to the ausfticious Fourth of July. Though the residence of the President is nearly 4 miles from what was mount Wollaston, and in the present town of Quiiicy, yet it is believed, that it wam ancient'' ir.-laded in it. ■ f Notwithstanding, Andross undertook ua eastern expodi- tion at the head of 7 or 800 men, and tlia enemy fled before r=ii 9rU'':> *S'.- 159 FRENCH AND INDIAN W RS. Soon after this, was the revohifion,* ami the other povernrnent reassum^d, and then Governour IJiiul. ftrr^eff sent for Captain Church to come to Boston, ^ soon as his business would permit; whereupon he went f<> Boston and waited upon his honour, who told him [that] he was re<|Uested by the council to send for him. to see if he could be prevailed with tu raise volunteers, l)f)th Entilish and Indians to go east ; for liim, " Hut liv " tablisli'mg parrisons, by detaching niinieroiis |);irtii'H, to i\. . r> tnt'ir sc^'i'iiieiits, find destroy tlieir scanty pro- viMidiiKt, ho ivduoi'd thum to the greatest distress, and seciiriMJ tlio country from their incursions." Holmes, I, 474. But lie did (w nuK'h iniseiiiei', or perhaps more than he did good. If njuii- dered Castine's house, a Frenchman, who hud great intluenco among the Indians, which caused him to stir them up anew. ISel- knap, I, ]nl of the siiiil colony of New Plyniouth is hereunto uttixed. Dated in Plymouth, the sixth day of Septemher, Anno Domini, 1080. Annnque W'gni Regis at Rv^i- nce Willielmi el MaricB Anglics, ^c, Prima.* THOMAS II INKLE Y, President. And now mnrchinj]j them nil down to lioston, then received his further orders and instructions, which are as followeth. t •' Boston, September lOth, 1080. To all Sheriffs, Marshoh, Constables, and other ojpcers, military and civil, in their Majesties' pro- vince of Maine. Whereas pursuant to an a^reement of the commis- fiioners of the United Colonies, Major Benjamin Church is commissionated commander in chief over that part of their Majesties' forces, (levied for the present expedition against the common enemy) whose liead quarters ar^ appointed to be at Falmouth, In Casco bay. In their Majesties' names, you, and every of you, aie required to be aiding and assisting to the said Major Church in his pursuit of the enemy, as any emergency shall require ; and so imprCvS boats or other vessels, carts, carriages, horses, ox •"■, provision and ammunition, and men for guides, «fc ;. as you shall receive warrants from the said Cor,.- mander in chief, or his Lieutenant so to do. Y ;m may not fail to do the same speedily and ^ft'-r»;inHv, as you will answer your neglect and cor n p( i>\ their Majesties' authority and service at yuar ,>t,iM-. most peril. Given under my hand and seal the 41 ay t That is. And of the reign of the King and Queen, William and Mary of England, tf-c, the first. ^"i^ M 156 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. and year above written. Annoque Regni Regis tt Regince Williemi et Marice Primo. By THOMAS DANFORTH.* President of the province of Maine" ** By the Governour and Council of Massachusetts. To Major Benjamin Church. Whereas you are appointed and commissioned by the council of war, of' the colony of New Piytn- outh, commander in chief of the forces raised with- in the said colony, against the common Indian ene- my, now ordered into the eastern parts to join with some of the forces of this colony ; for the prosecu- tion, repelling and subduing of the said enemy. It is therefore ordered that Captain Simon Willard, and Captain Nathaniel Hall, with the two companies of soldiers under their several commands, belonging to this colony, now in or about Casco bay, be, and are hereby put under you, as their commander in chief for this present expedition. — And of the com- missions severally given to either of them, they are ordered to observe and obey your orders and direc- tions as their commander in chief until further order from the Governour and council, or the commission- ers of the colonies. Dated in Boston the 17th day of September, Anno Domini, 1098. Annoque Regni * This gentleman was bora in England 1622. lie was a ni.in of influence, which he employed to goou account in the diflicult days of Newenglaiid. In 1679, he was elected depu- ty Governour, and tiie same year, the inhabitants of the province of Mauie, chose him their President. On the arri- val of the tyrant, Andross, he was suspended from olliee. — He died in 1699, aged 77 years. Nothing more honourable, perhaps, can be said of iiim, considering the age in which he lived, tlian, that he opposed with firmness the proceedings of those courts, which caused such a foul page in our liistory i)y their detestable prosecutions and persecutions for wUchcraft. See Allen, liiog. 240. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. li/7 Regis et licgince Guilidmi et Maria}, Angiia, ^c. Priino. S. BRADSTREET, Gov. Past in Council. Attest, Isaac Addington,* Seer." " By the Commissioners of the Colonies of the Mas- sachusetts, Plymouth and Connecticut, for mana- ging the present war against the common en^my, . Instructions for IMiijor Benjamin Church, Comman- der in Chief of the Plymouth forces, with others of the Massachusetts, put under his command. In pnisuance of the commission given you, for their Majesties' service in the present expedition ajjainst the common Indian enemy, their aiders and abettors; reposing confidence in your wisdom, pru- dence and fidelity in tha trust committed to you for the honour of God, good of his people, and the secu- rity of the interest of Christ in his churches, expect- ing and praying that in your dependence upon him, you may be helped and assisted with all that grace and wisdom which is requisite for carrying you on with success in tiiis difficult service ; and though much is find must be left to your discretion, as pro- vidence and opportunity may present from time to time in places of attendance ; yet the following instructions are commended unto your observation, and to be attended to so fur as the state of mat- ters with you in such a transaction will admit. You are with all possible speed to take care that the - . * * Mr. Addington was one of those who took a very active part ill opposition to the tyrivnnitiiil measures of Andross. On the accession of William and Mary he was appointed Secre- tary, which office ne discharged witii integrity for some time. It seems that in those davs, as well as at the present, njlice seelicrs were not entirely unknown, but, "the emoluments of tliat cilice were small, compared with tlie duty, and so he was in less danger of a competitor." He belonged to the council for many years, and was respected as a justice of the peace for wisdom and industry. He died in 1714. ■ S; 158 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Plymouth forces, both English and Indians undei your command, be fixed, and ready, and the first op- portunity of wind and weather, to go on board such vessels as are provided to transport you and them to Casco, where, if it shall please God you arrive, you are to take under your care and command, the companies of Captain Nathaniel Hall, and Captam ^imon Willard, who are ordered to attend your com- mand, whom, together with the Plymouth forces, and such as from time to time may be added unto you, you are to improve in such way as you sliali see meet, for the discovering, pursuing, subduing and destroying the said common enemy, by all op- portunities you are capable of; always intending the preserving of any of the near towns from incursions, and destruction of the enemy ; yet chiefly improving your men for the finding and following the snid enemy abroad, and if possible to find out and attack their head quarters and principal rendezvous, if you find you are in a rational capacity for so doing. The better to enable you thereto, we have ordered two men of war sloops, and other small vessels for transportation to attend you for some considerable time. You are to see that your soldiers' arms be alwayfi fixed, and that they be furnished with ammu- nition, provisions and other necessaries, that so they may be in readiness to repel and attack the enemy. In your pursuit you ai*e to take special care to avoid danger by ambushments, or being drawn under any disadvantage by the enemy in your marches, keep- ing out scouts and a forlorn hope before your main body, and by all possible means endeavouring to sur- ftrise some of the enemy, that so you may gain infel- igence. You are to suppress all mutinies and disorders among your soldiers, as much as in you lies, and to punish such as disobey your officers, according to the fules of war herewith given you. You are according to your opportunity, or any occasion more than ordinary occurring, to hold cor FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 159 respondence with Major Swaine, and to yield mutual assistance when, and as you are capable of it, and you may have reason to judge it will 1)6 of most publick service, and it will be meet, [that] you and he should agree of some signal, whereby your In- dians may be known from the enemy. You are to encourage your soldiers to be industrious, vigorous, and venturous in their service, to search out and destroy the enemy, acquainting them, it is agreed by the several colonies, that they shall have the benefit of the captives, and all lawful plunder, and the reward of eight pounds per head, for every fighting Indian man slain by them, over and above their stated wages ; the same being made appear to tile commander in chief, or such as shall be appoint- ed to take care therein. If your commission officers, or any of them should be slain, or otherwise incapa- ble of service, and for such reason dismissed, you are to appoint others in their room, who shall have the like wages, and a commission sent upon notice given ; you [are] to give them commissions in the mean time. You are to take effectual care that the worship of God be kept up in the army ; morning and evening prayer attended as far as may be, and as the emergencies of your affairs will admit; to see that the holy Sabbath be duly sanctified. You are to take care as much as may be, to prevent or punish drunkenness, swearing, cursing or such other sins as do provoke the anger of God. You are to advise with your chief officers in any matters of moment, as you shall have ojiportunity. You are from time to time to giv ■ intelligence and advice to the Governour and council of the Massachusetts, or commissioners of the colonies, of your proceedings and occurrences thtvt may happen, and how it shall please the Ju •!(>, Indiana at your dour!" No alarm was taken at this, and tlie doors were opened according to tiieir plan, and the enemy rusiied in with griMt furj'. 'I'iiey found tiie Major's room as he leaped out of bed, but witli his sword lie drove them through two or three rooms, and as he turned to get some other arms, he fell stun- ned by a blow with the hatchet. They dragged him into itis hall and seated him on a table in a great chair, and then began to cut his tlosii in a shocking manner. Some in turns gashed his naked breast, saying, "I cross out my account."' Then cutting a joint from a linger, would say, "Will your tist weigli a pound now'"* His nose and ears were then cut ort' and forced into his mouth. He soon fainted, and fell from ills seat, and one held his own sword under him, wlii(;h jias- sed throngli his body, and he expired. The family were forced to provide them a supper while they were murdering the • It Is u Irnditinu concernin); Mnjor Waldron, that he used in tra.ling with the (ndlonfi, to count lu» Hut ii» weighing a pouiid, nl.so that hi» accor.iits were l'ul>4jor Waldrou was 80 years old when killed. Fifty two persons were killed, and taken captive, of the tornier were 23. AIS. Recollections. * Daughter of iMajor Waldron, as mentioned above. She was taken the same time her father was killed, as related in the last note. Her hnsband's name was Abraham l^'e, who was killed when the jjarrison was tidien. f Captain Sylvanns Davis, the same mentioned in the preced- ing Instructions. By Hutchinson, 11,21, it ai)pears that he was once taken prisoner and carried to Canada, and that he com- manded the fort at Casco from wliich lie was t iken, which, I suppose, was in 1690; for in that year tlie country upon the bay was desolated. There were a number of garrisons, and a fort, but were all taken. Captain Davis with one Captain Lake were besieged on Arrowsike island in 16*G, but cli'eeted their escape out of the back door of a house, and ran to the water's edge, and in a boat tied to the nearest land. Capt. Luke was shot down .as he landed, but Davis escaped witii a vvouJid. The Ijody of Lake was afterward ftuiid, and con- veyed away by Major Waldron, Davis, on the arrival of (iov. Phips, in 1602, was appointed one of the counsellors for the eastern ciuntry. How long he continued iu that ollice is r.ot known to me, but by Sullivan, 167, it appears that lie sustained it in 1701. If 1 li 4m m r I i i 1G4 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. that when it was dark they should all Ian* and not before, lest the enemy should discover them. And then he went on board the privateer [which was a Dutchman.]^ But as he went, called on board every vessel, and ordered the officers to take care that their men might be all fitted and provided to fight; for the people of the town expected the enemy to fall upon them every minute. But withal, charging them to J'.cop undiscovered. And coming on board said privateer, was kindly treated, [lie] discoursed [with] Mrs. Lee, who in- formed him, that the company she came with, had four score canoes, and that there were more of them, whom she had not seen, which came from other pla- ces, and that they told her, when they come all to- gether should make up seven hundred men. lie asked her whether Casteen* was with them? 8he answered, that there were several French men with ' [v.iio were Dutclimen] * Baron De St. Castinc, a very extraordinary character. Ac- cording to Voltaire and tlie Abbe Raynal he liad been Colonel of the regiment of Corignon, in France, and was a man of family and fortune. He came to America in 1670, and settled among the Penobscot Indians; married a daughter of the eliief, and had several other wives. 13y tlie treaty of Breda, tlie terri- tory beyond the Penobscot was ceded to France, and Castino lived within tliat country. Some dilliculty arose about a cargo of wine, which was landed in the country, and a new line was run by the English, by vi'hich tlie place of landing, tr)gctiier with Castine'a lands, was taken within the English claim. Andross, in his expedition before named, plundered Castine's house of every thing valuable in his absence. This base act so exaspeni- ted him, that he used his exertions to inflame tin? Inili;ni3 against the Englisii, which ho ett'ectually did, and their chief supplies of arms and ammunition were furnisiied by liini. He had an estate in France, to which he retired wli ;n the French lost their possessions in that part of the country. See Sullivan's Hist. 93, 158, 22G. Hist. N. H. I, 195, 196. If we name this war from those that occasioned it, wo may call it Caa- tine's war. But the French, perhaps, would call it Androsa* war. 1 FRENCH AND INDIANS WARS. 105 them, but did not know whether Casteen was there or not. He then having got what intelligence she could give him, went ashore and viewed the fort and town; disc< arsing with t .3 gentlemen there accord- ing to his instructions. And when it began to grow dark, he ordered the vessels to come as near the fort as might be, and la nil the soldiers with as little noise as possible; ordt'rihj^ them as they landed to go into the fort and houses, that stood near, that so they might be ready upon occasioii. K , ing ordered provisions for them, [lie] went t6 every company and ordering them to get every thing rendy; they that had no powderhorns or shotl)ngv should immedmtely make tliem; ordering the officers to take special care that tliey were re;uly to march ' to the woods an hour before day; and also directing the watch to call him twt) hours belore day. So he hastened to bed to get some rest. At the time prefixed he was called and presently ordering the companies to make ready, and about half an hour before day they moved. Several of the town's people went with them into a thick i)Iace of brush about half a mile from the town. Now order- ing them t^ .»end out their scouts as they used to do, and seeing tliPin all settled at their work, he went in- to town by sunrise again, and desired the inhabitants to take c^re of themselves, till his men harl fitted themselves with some "necessaries; for his Indians, most of ther , wanted both bags and horns. So he ordered then, .0 m.ske bags like wallets, to put pow- der in one end, i..;d shot in the other. So most < \ them were ready for action, viz., the Seconet Indians, but the Cape Indians were very bare, lying so long at Boston before they embarked, that they had sold every thing [that] they could make a penny of; s )me tying shot and powder in the cor- ners of their clankets. ' He being 'v* town, just going to breakfast, there was an alarm; so he ordered all the soldiers in town to W m f| '1 I 108 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. \hl move awny as fast thev could, where the firinff was. And he, with wha' i\i' i more were witli himoT his soldiers, moved imtriuniateiy. [They met]' with IJaptain Hracket's* sons, who told [fhem that,]^ their lather was taken ; and that they saw a great army of , Indians in their father's orchard, iVc. liy this time our Indians that wanted baps and horns were fitted, hut wanted more ammunition. Presently came a messenger to him from the town, and informed him, that they had knocked out the heads of several easks of bullets, and they were 9II too l)ig, being musket bullets, and would not fit their guns, and that if lie did not go back himself a great part of the army vv(»uld be kept back from sefvice for want of suitable bullets. lie ran back and ordered every vessel to send ashore all their ca.^ks of bullets; being brought, Lthcy] knocked out their heads, and turned them all out upon the green by the fort, and set all the peo- ple in the town, that were able, to make slugs; being ' [and meeting] ' [him] ""(^iiptiuii Aiitliony Bracket, an early setller on Caseo bay, wlicrt^ liis posterity yet remain. Notice is tal»en by Sullivan, 1 !(), that the t"'mily were considerable landhoklers in Falmouth, between the 1G80, and U)!)0, under a title of the government, HJgned by president Danforth. lb. 19(5, 197. When Casco waa destroyed in 167(5, Captain Bracket with his wife and one eiiild was taken by the savages. This wa^i on the 11 August, and tlie November following they made their escape. Those that had tiiem prisoners, landed them on t!ie north .shore of the bay, and here their keepers had intelligenee of a valuable house, taken by another parly, the spoils of which they were eager to Hliare; therefore, leaving Bracket, iiis wife juid child, and a negro, \\\{\i some provisions, who promised that they would come alter, and departed. They found an old b'reh canoe, in wliieh they escaj)ed to the other side of the bay, where, only tiie day before the enemy had left. Here they got on bo.ard 11 VfHMcl lioinid I0 Pascata(]na, were they arrived .safe. Hubbard, 2!i;i to Uyn. What time Bracket returned to his lands does not appear. When Andross erected forts there in 1(588, Captain IJraeket was put in conunand of three. Sullivan, 260. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS 107 {)o\V(ler u] land, and _oi He pen -jp of, went to sc. most of them too large for their use, wh.^h had hke to have been the overthrow of their \vh(»le army. He finding some small bullets, and what slugs were made, and three knaj)sacks oi' powder, went imme- diately to the army, which was very hotly engaged. But coming to the river the tide waii.up; he called to his men ihat were engaged, encouraging them, and told them [ he hud brought more annnunition for them. An )i called Captain Lightfoot,* laid down his gui > came over the river, tiiking the eud, and a kettle of bullet#in each ♦o his fellow soldiers. •at firing upon that side he was 1 1' they were, and found them to lie two of Major Church's com|)anies, one of i'iiigli^h and the other of Indians, being in all about fourscore men, that had not got t)ver the r^ver, but lay firing over our men's heads at the enemy. He presently ordered them to rally, and come all together, anil gave the word for a Casco man. So one Swarton, a Jersey man,t appearing, whom he could liaidly un- derstand. He asked him how far it was to the head of the river, or whether there were any })lace to get over? He said [that] there was a bridge about three quarters of a mile up, \\ here they might get over. So he calling to his soldiers, enga:;ed on the other side, that he would soon be with them over the bridge, and come upon the backs of the enemy, which put new courage into them. So they imme- diately moved up towards the bridge, marching very thin; being willing to make what show they could; shouting as they marched. They saw the enemy running from the river side, where they had made stands with wood to prevent any body from coming over the river; and coming to the bridge, they saw on the other side, that the enemy had laid logs, and "■ See note 2 on page 100. f An IrUliman. ii; ,i!- il :-^t IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. u ^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 Mi ^ li^ 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 U IIIIII.6 V] <^ /i 7 W ••«. ■> ■». CM Ci^ jv'' 9%, *Ff f9^ ^2 /A Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 168 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. Hi ! stuck birch brush along to hide themselves from our view. He ordered the company to come altogether, bid- ding them all to run after him, who would go first ; and that as soon as they got over the bridge, to scat- ter; that so they might not all be shot down to- gether; expecting the enemy to be at their stands. ISo running up to the stands, found none there, but were just gone; the ground being much tumbled with them behind the said stands. He ordered the Ca^ain with his company of English to march down to our men, engaged, and that thev should keep along upon the edge of the marsh, and^imself, with his Indian soldiers would march down through the brush. And coming to a parcel of low ground, which had been formerly burnt, the old brush being fallen down, lay uery thick, and the young brush being grown up, made it bad travelling. But com- ing near the back of the enemy, one of his men call- ed unto him, (their commander) and said, "The ene- my run westward to get between us and the bridge." And he looking that way, saw men running; and making a small stop, heard no firing, but a great chopping with hatchets; so concluding the fight was over, made the best of their way to the bridge again ; lest the enemy should get over the bridge into the town. The men being most of them out, (our ammuni- tion lay exposed) [and] coming to the bridge where he left six Indians for an ambuscade on the other side of the river, that if any enemy offered to come over, they should fire at them, which would give him notice; so would come to their assistance. (But in the way, having heard no firing, nor shouting, concluded the enemy were drawn off.) He asked the ambuscade whether they saw any Indians? they said "Yes, abundance." He asked them where? They answer- ed, that they ran over the head of the river by the i i THR FIQHT .47' CJi$CO. P. loa FRENCH AND IN. IAN WARS. * II! :l;ii =fczr- rRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 173 When he canie to BoiAon gentlemen, he informed them of the miseries those poor people were in, by having their provisions taken from them by order of the president,* &c., then went home. [He] staid not long there before he returned to Boston, where Captain Scottaway waited for his com- ing, that he might have the determination of the go- vernment of Boston to carry home with him. [ — ]^ It being the time of the small pox there, ([ — ^ Ma- jor Church not having had it) [he tookp up his lodg- mg near the Court house, [and had]^ the first oppor- tunity to inform those gentlemen of the Court [of] his business. [They]* said [that] they were very busy in sending home Sir Edmund, the ship being ready to sail. The said Major Church still waited upon them, and at every opportunity entreated those gentlemen in behalf of" the poor people of Casco, informing the necessity of taking c^re of them, either by sending them relief early in the spring, or suffer them to draw off, otherwise they would certainly be destroyed, &c. Their answer was, that they could do nothing till Sir Edmund was gone. Waiting there three weeks upon great expenses, he concluded to draw up some of the circumstances of Casco, and places adjacent, and to leave it upon the council board, before the Gover- nour and council. Having got it done, obtained liberty to go up where the Governour and council were sitting, he informed their honours, that he ly'xd waited till his patience was worn out, so had drawi. u[) the matter to leave upon the board before them, which is as follows. " To tJie honoured Governour and council of the Massachusetts. • Gentlemen, Whereas by virtue of yours, with Plymouth's do- » [and] 2 [and] » [talcing] 4 [took] 5 [who] 'Thomas Danforth. : i I! 'I 174 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAKS. sires and commamls, I went eastward in the last ex- pedition against tiio common Indian rncniy, whero providence so ordered that we attacked their great- est body of forces, coming then for tlie destruction of Falmouth, which we know marchcid off repulsed with considerable damr.ge, leaving the ground, and have never since [been] seen there, or in any place adjacent. The time of the year being then too late to prosecute any further design, and other accidents falling out contrary to my expectation, impeded the desired success. Upon my then removal from the province of Maine, the inhabitants were very solici- tous that this enemy might be further prosecuted, willing to venture their lives and fortunes, in tlie said enterprise, wherein they might serve God, their King, and country, and enjoy quiet and peaceq.ble habita- tions. Upon which I promised to signify the same to yourselves, and willing to venture that little which providence hath betrusted me with, on the said ac- count. The season of the year being such, if some speedy action be not performed in attacking them, they will certainly be upon us in our out towns, God knows where, and the inhabitants there, not being able to defend themselves, without doubt many souls may be cut off, as our last year's experience wofully hath declared. The inhabitants there, trust to your protection, having undertaken government and your propriety ; if nothing be performed on tlie said ac- count the best way, under correction, is to demolish the garrison, and draw otf the inhabitants, that they may not be left to a merciless enemy ; and that the arms «nd ammunition may not be tliere for the strengthening of the enemy, who without doo bt have need enough, having exhausted their greatest store in this winter sea .on. I have performed my promise to tliem, and acquitted myself in specifying the same to yourselves. Not that ). tlesire to be in any action although willing to serve my King and country, and may pass under the censure of scandalous tongues FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 175 in the last expedition, which I hope they will amend on the first opportunity of service. I leave to ma- ture consideration, the loss of trade and fishery ; the war brought to the doors. What a triumph it will be to the enemy ; derision to our neighbours, beside dishonour to God and our nation, and grounds of ^ frown from our Prince; the frustration of those, ' whoso eyes are upon you for help, who might have otherwise applied themselves to their King. Gentle- men, this I thought humbly to propose unto you, that 1 might discharge myself in my trust from yourselves, a»d promise to the inhabitants of the province, but especially my duty to God, her Majesty, and my na- tion, praying for your honours prosperity, subscribe, I our servant, BENJAMIN CHURCH. , A trun copy friven in int Boston, this Gth of February. lf.89.* at the Council Board. Attest. T. S."+ yUvyx Church said, vaoreover, that in thus doing lie IvaJ complied with, his pr»nn:'3o to ti.ose poor pco- jilc of Casco, and should be uvil froni liio guilt of ihcjr blood. The Gove:r-tM v/a? pleased to thank lihn for his care and 03. ns tal;p.n, then taking his leave of them went bono, and left Captain Scotta- way in a very sorrowfd oondilioa, who returned home sometime after with only a copy of what was left on the board by the said Church. Major Church not hearing any thing till May following, and then was informed, that those poor people of Casco were cut off by the barhrnous enemy ;J and although they *It should be 1690, or 1689-90. See note 1, on p.iire 147. t For whose name tl)eso initials stand I have not satisfiietoiily • aHrdained. I In May, 1690. Some forces had just Jcfl Caaco, and joined Sir Win. Piiips to go against Portroyal, when an army of four hundred, or more, Freiieh .nnd Indians were discover- «id about tlie place. " There was a fo>-* ' -ar tliu water, and i 17G FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. made their terms with Monsieur Castoen, who wiu commander of those enemies, yet he lutfored those merciless savages to massacre and destroy the most of them. To conclude this first expedition East, I shall just give you a hint how Major Church was treated, a1. though he was commander in chief of all the forces out of Plymouth and Boston government. After he came home, Plymouth gentlemen paid him but /orfy- twopounda, telling him, he must go to Boston gen- tlemen for the rest, who were his ei)iployors as well as they. Of whom he never had one penny, for all travel and expenses in raising volunteers, and ser- vices done ; except forty ahillinga or thereabout, for going from Boston to Rhodeislijind on their busi- ness, and back to Boston again ; also for sending a man to Providence for Captain Edmunds,* who raised a company in those parts, and went east with them. another on tlie hill, near where the buryinf; Erounti in, and another on the rocky gronml, south from the place where tho fifHt meeting house stands," in what was the town of Fal- mouth. That near the burying ground was abandoned as untenable, and both of the others after some time were car- ried by assault. One hundred persons now fell into the hands of the enemy. 7'lie French commander promised the garrisons safety to their persons, and liberty to go to the next English town, but he kept his promise no (oncer than while he was in possession. The wnolc country hereabout was laid desolate, and presented a most dreadful rcene of ruin. The ground was strewed with the bones of the dead, which Church, on his arrival afterward, gathered up and buried. Hist. Maine, 303. Magnalia, II, 524. * The same who is mentioned in Philip's war, 59. I learn nothing of his eastern expedition. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 177 THE SECOND EXPEDITION EAST. Iv the yenr IfiOO was the expedition* to Cana- da,f and Major Wallcy J often requested Major Church * Canada had long been considered the Hource of all the evils endured by the colonies. Hence the long train of wars at tho expense of bo much blood and treasure to " drive the French out of Canada." Sir William Phij)s was the chief mover and executor of this expedition. His floet, retarded by unavoidable accidents, did not arrive before Quebeck un- til the 5 October. The next morning, he sent a summons on shore, but received an insolent ans^wer from the Govern- our. The next day, he attempted to land his troops, but was prevented by the violence of the wind. On the 8, all the effective men (12 or 1800) landed on the island of Orleans, 4 miles below the town, and were fired on, from the woods, by the French and Indians. Having remained on shore un- til the II, and then learning by a deserter, the strength of the place, they embarked with precipitation. In their way to Boston, the fleet was dispersed in a tempest. Some of the vessels were blown off to the West Indies, one was lost on an island near the mouth of the St. Lawrence, and two or three were never heard of. Holmes, I, 478, 479.. No i)rovisions at home had been made to pay the forces, relying on plun- der ; bills of credit, therefore, were resorted to, which were the first ever used in this country. Hutchinson, I, 356, 357. tThe derivation of the word Canada, being so curious it was thought that it would be ;)ardonable to give it a place in this work. Mr. Bozman, in his excellent " Introduction to a History of Maryland," 84, says that it is ,i traditional re- port, that previous to the visiting of Newfoundlaml by Car- tier, in 1534, some Spaniards visited that coast in search of gold, but its appearance discouraged them, and they quittcil It in haste crying out as ihey went on beard their vessel, " ^ca nada, Jica nada," that is, in English, " There is noth- ing here." The Indians retained these words in their memo- ries, and afterward, when the French came to *he country, they were saluted with the same words, and mistook them for the name of the country. And in time the first letter was lost, hence the name Canada. Something amounting to nearly the same thing may be seen in Mather's Magnalia, II, 522. J John Walley, who had the command of the land forces, under Sir Willian Phips, against Canada. An entire jour- oal, kept by Walley, of that expedition, is preserved in H 12 - v'.^f^r ;■ ■;■;»,'.■-■ ': ■•■ ■^'^■-'' '■' IT' i ill. i 178 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. that if he would not go himself in that expedition, that he would not hinder others. He answered tlie said Walley, that he should hinder, none but his old soldiers, that used to go along with him, &c. The said Church going down to Charlestown, to take his leave of some of his relations and friends, who were going into that expedition, promised his wife and family not to go into Boston, the small pox* being very rife there. Coming to Charlestown, seve- ral of his friends in Boston came over to see him. And the next day after the said Churoli came there. Major Walley came to him, and informed him that the Governour and council wanted to speak with liim. He answered him, that he had promised his wife and family not to go into Boston ; saying, Ethat] if they had any business, they could write to im, and that he would send them his answer. Soon after came over two other gentlemen with a message, that the Governour and council wanted to have some discourse with him. The answer return- ed, was, that he intended to lodge that night at tlie Greyhound, in Roxbury, and tljat in the morning, would come to Pollard'sf at the south end of Bosj- ton, which accordingly he did. Soon after he came Hutchinson, Ap. I, 470. He was judge of the superiour court of Massachusetts, and a member of the council. The church of Bristol is indebted to him as one of its principal founders He is represented, as possessing sweetness of spirit, wisdom in council, and impartiality as a Judge. He died 11 Janua- ry, 1712, aged 68 years. • I find no mention of the Small Pox at this time in Boston by any author that I have consulted ; but in the History of Dorchester it is noted, page 24, " that from the first of April, 1690, unto the first of July, 1691, there died in Dorchester 67 persons ; 33 of them ol the smallpox, the rest of a fever." Hence from its near vicinity to Boston, no doubt it was very prevalent there. [Having since seen in Mr. Snow's Histo« ry of Boston, that it did prevail there as mentioned in the text.] t A puhlick house, under this name, is yet known in Bos- ton, at the golden ball, Elm street. Bos- FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS 179 Lhither, rceived a letter from the honourable Cap- tain Sewall,* to request him to come to the council. The answer [that] he returned by the bearer was, that he thought there was no need of his hazarding himself so much as to come and speak with them ; not that he was afraid of his life, but because he had no mind to be concerned ; and further by reason [that] they would not hearken to him about the poor people of Casco. But immediately came Mr. -Max- fieldf to him, saying, that the council bid him tell the said Church, that if he would take his horse and ride along the middle of the street, there might be no danger. They were then sitting in council. He bid [him]^ go and tell his masters not to trouble themselves whether h*" came upon his head or his feet, he was coming. However, thinking the re- turn was something rude, called him back to drink a glass of wine, and then he would go with him. So coming to the council, they were very thank- ful to him for his coming, and told him, that the oc- casion of their sending for him was, that there was a captive come in, who gave them an account, that the Indians were come down, and had taken posses- sion of the stone fort at Pejepscot,J so that they 1 [them] * Stephen Sewall, I conclude this must be, who was com- mander of the fort at Salem. He was a brother of Judge Se- wall, and sustained several important offices. He married a daughter of the Rev. Mr. Mitchel of Cambridge, wao had 17 children. He died about the 21 October, 1725, greatly re- spected and lamented. Eliot, N. E. Kiog. 420. 1 1 learn nothing of this person. T!ie name i,-. common in Newhampshire. X A fall of water in the Androscoggin. What the true or- thography of this word is, is unknown to me. Sullivan ends it with a double, t, and again alters to Pegypscott. Mather has it Pechypscot. Some authors write u instead of o in the termination. Thus the different ways are brought under the view of the reader, that he may employ which he chooses. The stone fort was near the falls on the i.orth side of the ri- ^ T1>V. 1 80 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. i'll wanted his advice and thoughts about the matter whether they would tarry and keep in the fort or not 9 and whether it were not expedient to send some forces to do some spoil upon them 9 and fur- ther to know whether he could not be prevailed with to raise some volunteers, and go, to do some spoil upon them *? He answered them, [that] he was unwilling to be concerned any more ; it being very difficult and chargeable to raise volunteers, as he found by experience in the last expedition. But they using many arguments prevailed so far with him, that if the government of Plymouth saw cause to send him, he would go ; thinking the expe- dition would be short. [He then] took his leave of them and went home. In a short time after, there came an express from Governour Hinkley, to request Major Church to come to Barnstable to him, he having received a letter from the government of Boston to raise some forces to go east. Whereupon the said Major Church went the next day to Barnstable, as ordered. Finding the Governour and some of the council of war there, [who] discoursed [with] him ; [conclud- ed]' that he should take his Indian soldiers, and two English Captains, with what volunteers could be raised ; and that one Captain should go out of Ply- mouth and Barnstable counties, and the other out of Bristol county, with what forces he could raise ; concluding to have but few officers, to save charge. The said Church was at great charge and expense in raising of forces. Governour Hinkley promised that he would take care to provide vessels to tran- sport the said army, with ammunition and provisions, by the time prefixed by himself; for the govern- ment of Boston had obliged themselves by their let- 1 [concluding] ver, and was taken in the spring of this year, (1690) afler the English had left it, (probably.) It was 4 miles from the wa- ters of Casco bay. Sullivan, 178, 9. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 181 ter, to provide any thing that was wanting. So at the time prefixed, Major Church marched down all his soldiers out of Biistol county to Plymouth, as or- dered. And being come, found it not as he expect- ed ; for there were neither provisions, ammunition, or transports. So he immediately sent an express to the Governour, who was at Barnstable, to give him an account that he with the men were come to Plymouth, and found nothing ready. In his return to the said Church, [he] gave him an account of his disappointments, and sent John Lathrop* of Barnsta- ble in a vessel, with some ammunition and provi- sion on board, to him at Plymouth ; also sent him word that there were more on board of Samuel Al- lingf of Barnstable, who was to go for a transport, and that he himself would be at Plymouth next day. But Ailing never came near him, but went to Bil- lingsgate,! at Cape Cod, as he was informed. The Governour being come, said to Major Church, that he must take some of ..ne open sloops, and make spar decks to them, and lay platforms for the soldiers to lie upon, which delays were very expensive to the said Church ; his soldiers being all volunteers, daily expected to be treated by him, and the Indians al- ways begging for money to get drink. But he using his utmost diligence, made what despatch he could to be gone. Being ready to embark, received his • Probably, the ancestor of some eminent men of later times in Massachusetts. He perhaps was the son of John Lathrop, who fled from England in the days of persecution, and afterward settled in Barnstable. The first John died in 165S." t It is thought that this name should have been written Allen. No pains have been taken to ascertain any thing concerning this person, but if what Dr. Mather says be cor- rect, he is a descendant of one Thomas Allen, who came to this country in 1638, and was afttrward a minister io Charlestown. Eliot, 20. t In the town of Eastham. % - i ill I ! t :, Ibi FKENCH AND INDIAN WARS. commission, and instructions from Governour Hink- ley, which are as follows. [The commission being the same as that for the first expedi- tion is here omitted. It was dated 2 September, 1699. The instructions, also, differing only in a few unimpor- tant matters, are omitted to give place to more interest- ing information. It may be proper to notice the chief dif- ferences. No men of war vessels attendeil, nor was Church directed to confer with any persons except his officers. The eight pounds per head over and above is not mentioned, and are signed only by Governour Hinklcy. Date, the same as that of the commission.] Now having a fair wind, Major Cliurch soon got to Piscataqua.* [He^' was to apply himself to Ma- J'or Pike,f a worthy gentleman, who said, [that] he lad advice of his coming from Boston gentlemen; also, [that] he had received directions, that what men the said Church should want, must bo raised out of Hampshire, out of the several towns and garrisons. Major Pike asked him, how many men he should want? He said, enough to make up his forces that he brought with him, three hundred, at least, and not more than three hundred and fifty. And so in about nine days time, he was supplied with two com- panies of soldiers. He having been at about twenty shillings a day charge in expenses while there. Now 1 [who] • The country at the mouth of Pascataqua river went un- der the genera! name of Pascataqua, but since, the river only, is known by that name. The word was formerly, and some- times latterly, spelt as in the text, but an a should take the place of I. . t Major Robert Pike was a person of distinction. He was among the lirst 28 counsellors api)ointed by charter, for the province of Massachusetts bay, who were to hold their offices until Mav 1693, or until others should be chosen in their stead. He might be the ancestor of the distinguished Nicho- las Pike of Somersworth, to whom we are much indebted for the best system of Anthmetick that has appeared. An ac- count might perhaps be found of the family in Newhamp- ahire, for which 1 have not had an opportunity. FRENCH AND N5DIAN WARS. 183 ho received Major Fiko's instructions, which are as followeth. " Portsmouth, in JVewhampshire, Sept. 9, 1G90. To Major Benjamin Church, Commander in Chief of tlieir Majesties^ forces, now designed upon the present expedition eastward, and now resident at Portsmouth. The Governour and council of the Massachusetts colony reposing great trust and confidence in your loyalty and valour, from experience of your former actions, and of God's presence with you in the same; in pursuance of an order, received from them com- manding it; these are in their Majesties' names to empower and require you, as commander in chief, to take into your care and conduct these forces now here present at their rendezvous at Portsmouth ; and they are alike required to obey you ; and with them to sail eastward by the first opportunity to Casco, or f>laces adjacent, that may be most comniodious for anding with safety and secrecy; and to visit the French and Indians at their headquarters at Ameras- cogen, Pejepscot, or any other place, according as you may have hope or intelligence of the residence of the enemy ; using always your utmost endeavour for the preservation of your own men, and the kill- ing, destroying, and utterly rooting out of the enemy, wheresoever they may be found ; and also, as much as may possibly be done, for the redeeming or re- covering of our captives in any places. You being there arrived, and understanding your way, to take your journey back again, either by land or water, as you shall judge most convenient for the accomplishing of the end intended ; and to give in- telligence always of your motions, whensoever you can with safety and convenience. Lastly. In all to consult your council, the com- nuanders or commission officers of your several com- M I ilil .^i' 184 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. panies, when it may be obtained, the greater part of whom to determine. And so the Lord of hosts, the God of armies, go along with you, and be your con- duct. Given under my hand, the day and year above said, Per ROBERT PIKE." Being ready, they took the first opportunity, and made the best of their way to Pejepscot fort, where they found nothing. From thence they marched to Amcrascogen,* and when they came near the fort. Major Church made a halt, ordering the Captains to draw out of their several companies sixty of their meanest men, to be a guard to the Doctor, and knap- sacks, being not a mile from said fort. And then moving towards the fort, they saw young Doneyf and his wife, with two English captives. The said Doney made his escape to the fort, his wife was shot down, and so the two poor captives were released out of their bondage. The said Major Church and Captain Walton| made I • — —— — ■■■ — ... » ' — • This river has its rise in Newhampshire and flowing east- ward enters Maine in about 44 d. 20 min. N. Mather, says this place where they had now arrived at, was 40 miles up the river. Mag. 528. Perhaps few words have been writ- ten more different ways, than this. The authors of the Newhampshire Gazetteer prefer that as in the text, ex- cept, that they double the g- and change the last e into ». But people in general, that live on said river, adopt the better method of Androscoggin. t He was an Indian, and all we know of him is found in this history ; except he be the one seized at Wells, mentioned by Mather, 11, 545, and whose name is signed Robin Doney to the articles of peace at Pemmaquid in 1693. lb. 543. X Col. Shadrach Walton of Somcrsworth N. H A bravo and valuable officer. In the long wars that followed, he rendered important services. To recount his actions would be to write a narrative, much beyond the limits of a note. More particulars of him may be found in Penhallow's history, in I Newhampshire Hist. Soc. Collections, than in any oth- er work extant. He was with Col. March, in 17.7, in an unsuccessful attempt on Porti yal. Here he fought a body FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 188 no stop, making the best of their way to the fort with some of the army, in hopes of getting to the fort before young Doney ; but the river through which they must pass, being as deep as their arm- pits. However Major Church as soon as he was got over, stripped to his shirt and jacket, leaving his breeches behind, ran directly to the fort, haviag an eye to see if young Doney (who ran on the other side of the river,) should get there before him. The wind now blowing very hard in their faces, as they ran, was some help to them ; for several of our men fired guns, which they in the fort did not hear, so that we had taken all in the fort, had it not been fur young Doney, who got to the fort just before we did. [He]* ran into the south gate, and out at the north, all the men following him, except one. [Theyj^ all ran directly down to the great river and falls. The said Church and his forces being com'; pretty near, he ordered the said Walton to run directly with some forces inio the fort, and himself with the rest, ran down to the river, after the enemy, who ran some of them into the river, and the rest under tiie great falls. Those who ran into the river were killed ; for he saw but one man get over, and he only crept up the bank, ijid there lay in open sight. And those that ran under the falls, they made no discovery of, notwithstanding several of his men went in under the said falls, and were gone some considerable time, [but] could not find them. So leaving a watch there, returned up to the fort, where he found bu^t one man 1 [who] 2 [who] of the enemy and put them to flight, being the onlj; field offi- cer then on shore. Again in 1710, he rendered important service at the same place, when it was taken by the arma- . ment under Col. Nicholson. In a note to page 119, in Pen- hallow's history it is remarked that " He was dismissed from service" (in 1725) "and was succeeded by Col. Thomas Westbrook." But on what account hn was dismis^d. wheth« er from age or misconduct is unknown to me. He ia men- tioned no more in Fe.ihallow's historf . H I !| I '1 r 186 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. II taken, and several women and ciiildrcn; ainongsl whom were Captain Ilakins'* wife and VVorumbos'f wife, the sachem of that fort, with their children. The said Ilakins was sachem of Pennacook,J who de- • Hawkins or HogUins. This sachem hail been treated with neglect by Governour Cranfield, which in part may ac- count for his enmity to the English. He made a treaty with them in 1685, which perhaps, was broken more through the ne- gligence of the English than the wish of Hogkins. He ap|)ear9 to have learned so much of the English language as to pre- tend to write and read. Four letters from under his hand are preserved in Belknap, I, Appendix, No. XLII, &.c. One of which, as a curiosity, is her*? printed. '*May 15, 1685. Honour Mr. Governor, Now this day I com your house, I want se you, and I bring my hand at before you I want shake hand to you if your worship when please then you receve my hand then shake your hand and my hand. You my friend because I remem- ber at old time when live my grant father and grant mother then Englishmen com this country, then my grant father and Englishmen they make a good govenant, Ihey friend allways, my grant father leving at place called Malamake rever, oth- er name cjief Natukkog and Panukkog, that one rever great many names, and I bring you this few skins at this first time I'will give you my friend. This all Indian hand. JOHN X HAWKINS, Sagamore." This letter is the best written of the four, and are all very similar. I copy it precisely as I find it in Belknap. Two of the others are signed John Hogkins, and one, Mr. John Hogkins, the last has no date, and one is dated 16 May, and the other two the 15, both having 14 signers beside Hogkins, who, it is probable, were his principal men. The name of Hogkins or rather Hawkins he received from some Englii-h- man. His Indian name was Hancamagus. See N. H. Hist. Soc. Col. I, 221. t A sachem of the Androscoggins. He was with Madoka- wando in the celebrated attack on Storer's garrison at Wells, an account of which may be seen in a succeeding note. t The country on the Merrimake river, including the pre- sent town of Concord, and the lands above and below, but how far, cannot be told ; as those people never set any par- ticular bounds to their country, that we know of. See Far- mer's account of the Pennacook Ihdians, in N. H. Hist. Soc. Col I, 218. The word should be spelt as in the text, but 1 1" 1 1 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 1S7 Rtroycd Major Waldcn and his family, some time before, &c. The said two women, viz. Hakins' and Wonimbos' wives requested the said Church, that he would spare them and their children's lives ; promising upon that condition, [that] he should have all the captives that were taken, and in the Indians' hands. He asked thorn how many"? They said, about four score. So, upon that condition, he promised them their lives, &c. In the said fort there were several English cap- tives, who were in a miserable condition. Amongst them was Captain Hucking's* wife, of Oyster rivcr.f Major Church proceeded to examine the man, taken, who gave him an account, that most of the fighting men were gone to Winterharbour,J to pro- vide provisions for the bay of Fundy§ Indians, wiio the author just cited, leaves out one n. Sullivan writes Pen- nycook. fielknap, whom many, justly in most respects, fol- low, writes it as in the text, with the omission of one n, as does Mather, whom he follows. • Hucking's garrison was taken, about the last of August, 1639, in which were a few women and boys. The Indians had been in ambush for a number of days, until they had as- certained how many men belonged to the garrison, then as they all went out into the field one day, the Indians cut otf their retreat, and killed them all excepting one, who escap- ed, being 18 in all. They then went to the garrison and de- manded a surrender, but the boys at first refused, and some fighting was done ; at length they surrendered on terms of life, &c. The assailants found means to lire the garrison, which hastened the surrender. Mather, Mag. II, 515. This woman is supposed to be the wife of the owner of the gar- rison. t Now Durham. The country thereabout, was formerly known by this name. f At the mouth of Saco river in Maine. ,§ A large bay, sometimes called Frenchman's bay, contain ing the island Mountdesert, 8 or 10 miles to the eastward of the mouth of Penobscot river. Sullivan, 57, informs us, that it took the name of Frenchman's bay, from this circumstance. That with Demotte came over to America one Nicholas D'Aubri, a French ecclesiastic of respectability, who went 3n shore on the west side of the bay, and wandering into the u 1 1 1 EW =M Hm i m i ll 1 h. 188 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. were to come and join with them to fight the English. The soldiers being very rude, would hardly spore the Indian's life, while in examination ; intending when he had done, that he should be executed. But Cap- tain Hucking's wife, and another woman, down on their knees, and begged for him, saying, that he had been a means to save their lives, and a great many more ; and had helped several to opportunities to run away, and make their escape ; and that never, since he came amongst them, had fought against the English, but being related to Hakins' wife, kept at the fort with them, having been there two years ; but his living was to th(> westward of Boston. So, upon their request, his life was spared, &c. Next day the said Church ordered that all their corn should be destroyed, being a great quantity ; saving a little for the two old squaws, which he de- signed to leave at the fort, to give an account who he was, and from whence he came. The rest being knocJied on the head, except the aforementioned, for an example ; ordering them all to be buried. Having inquired where all their best beaver was *? they said [that] it was carried away to make a pre- sent to the bay of Fundy Indians, who were coming to their assistance. Now being ready to draw off from thence, he called the two old squaws to him, and gave each of them a kettle, and some biscuit, bidding them to tell the Indians, when they came home, that he was known by the name of Captain Church, and lived in the Vvesterly part of Plymouth government ; and that those Indians that came with him were formerly King Philip's men, and that he had met with them in Philip's war, and drawn them off from him, to woods in search of curiosities, was left by the boat to his fate. After thtee weeks he was found by a boat from the same ves- sel, aimoft emaciated. From which circumstance it receiv' ed the above appellation. Bat the waters between Nova- Bcotia and the main are generally understood to make the bay of Fundy. iriii' , he 1 1 1 of 1 ■ ,tell I was m id in i ■ that iB ™erly M them M m, to M yRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 18'J fight for the English, against the said Phihp, and his associates, who then promised him to fight for the English, as long as they had one enemy left. And said, that • they did not qyestion, b«it before Indian corn was ripe to have Philip's head ;'* notwithstand- ing [PhilipP had twice as many men as were in their country ; and that theyf had killed and taken ono thousand three hundred and odd of Philip's men, women and children, and Philip himself, with several other sachems, &c. ; and that they should tell Ha- kins and Worumbos, that if they had a mind to sec their wives and children, they should come to WellsJ garrison, and that there they might hear of them, &c. Major Church having done, moved with all his forces down to Mequait,§ where the transports were, (but in the way some of his soldiers threatened the Indian man prisoner very much, so that in a thick swamp, he gave them the slip and got away) and W * See Philip's war, page 83. t The English. X Webhannet was the Indian name of Wells. This town is on the sea board about half way between York and Saco, being 13 miles from the former. Storer's garrison was in this town, which was near where the old meeting house stood, and nearly half a mile south of the present place of publicic worship, and was standing since the year 1760, Sul- livan, 236. The town suffered greatly by the savages. About 500 French and Indians made a desperate attempt on the garrison, in May, 1691, and though it had but 15 men, by tlie valour of the commander, Captain Converse, and this fpw, they were repulsed. A sloop happened to arrive just before the engagement, which was a help to them, although they fought on board their vessels. A flag was sent to Capt. Converse, to persuade him to surrender ; at his re- fusing, the officer said, " We w^ill cut you up as fine as tobac- co before to-morrow morning." He bid them "come on for he wanted work." Magnalia, II, 532. § A small bay or cove in Casco bay. It is generally writ- ten Maquoit. Mather, and after him Belknap wrote Mac- quoit. 190 FnENCH AND INU AN WARS. wlien tiicy all got on board tliu truiisports, tlin wind being I'uir, mudu thu best of tlieir way tor Winter- harbour ; and tiio next morning before day, und as soon as the day appeared, tlicy diHCovered sumo smokes, rising towards Sliamun's^ garrison, lio immediately sent away a scout of sixty men, and followed presently wilii the whole body. The scout commg near a river discovered the enemy to be on the otlier side of the river. Hut three of the enemy were come over the river, to the same side, F — j' which the scout was of, [but discovering the scout,] ran hastily down to their cunoe. One of which lay at each end, [-^]'' and the third stood up to paddle over. The scout fired at them, and he that paddled, fell down upon the canoe, and broke it to pieces, so that all three perished. The firing put the enemy to the run, who K ft their canoes and provisions to ours. And old Doney,f and one Thomas Baker, an Englishman, who was a prisoner amongst them, were up at the falls,J and heard the guns fire, expected the other Indians were come to their assistance, so came down the river in a canoo. But when they perceived that there were Engli I. as well as Indians, old Doney ran the canoe -i shore, and ran over Baker's head, and followed the rest ; and then Baker came to ours, and gave an account of the beaver, hid ot IVjepscot plain.§ And coming to the place where the plunder was, the Major sent a scout to Pejepscot fort, to sec if they could make any discovery of the enemy's tracks, or could discover any coming up the river. 1 [of the river] s [of the canoe] • This was on the east side of Saco river, about two mileg hehm the falls. Sullivan, 180. The name 'ii^uMbe spelt Scammon. lb. t Father of young Doney. § In Brunswick. t The fallf 'oi the J - .—III ■ -» sr— s- FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 101 [They]* returned, nnd snid fthntl they saw nothing but our old tracks at he said Ion, iVr. Now having got some [ihinder, one of the Cap- tains* said [that] it was tiiiu; to go home, and sct*'- rid others were of tlio same mind. The Miijor be- ing much disturbed at this motion of theirs, expect- ing the enemy would come in a very short ■ ime, where they might have a groat advantage of then), i^C. Notwithstanding all ho coul ' ly, or do, he was obliged to call a council, according to his instruc- tions, wherein he was outvoted. The said comman- der seeing [that] he was put by of his intentions, profi'ered, [that] if sixty men would stay witii him, he would not embark as yet ; but all he could say or do, could not prevail. Then they moved to the ves- sels, and embarked, and as they were going in the vessels, on the back side of Mayr point,f they discov- ered eight or nine canoes, who turned short about, and went up the river ; being the same Indians that tlie Major expected, and would have waited for. The aforesaid Captain being much disturbed at what the Major had said to him, drew olf from the fleet, nnd in the night ran aground. In the morning Anthony Bracket, having been advised and directed by the Indian that had made his escape from our forces, came down near where the aforesaid vessel lay aground, and got aboard. [He]* has proved a good pilot and Captain for his country. The next day being very calm and misty, 1 [who] 2 [who] • From what follows we may suppose this to be one of the Captain- from Plymouth government. But as there were two, w cannot be positive winch was meant, and but one is named ; yet, another circumstance might induce us to su])- pose a Xewhampshire Captain is meant, were it not said that the Plymouth forces sailed first. t What, in Sullivan's history, it is thought, is called Mer- rvfonoaj;;. It is a jioint in the t-ast {iai(l ?y lust in battle. FllENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 195 never fight against the English any more, for the French made fools of them, &-c. They saying as they did, the said Andros let them go. Major Church being come to Piscataqua, and two of his transports having the small pox on board, and several of his men having got great colds by theii hard service, pretended [that] they were going to have the s/uall pox; thinking by that means to be sent home speedily. The Major being willing to try them, went to the gentlemen there, and desired them to provide a house ; for some of his men expected [that] they should have the small pox ; which [they] readily did, and told him, that the people belonging to it were just recovered of the small pox, and had been all at meeting, &-c. The Major returning to his officers, ordered them to draw out all their men that were going to have the small pox, for he had provided an hospital for them. So they drew out seventeen men, that had as they said all the symptoms of the small pox. He ordered them all to follow him, and coming to the house, he asked them how they liked it'? They said, "Very well." Then he told them that the people in the said house, had all had the small pox, and were re- covered ; and that if they went in, thoy must not come out till they [had] all had it. Whereupon they all presently began to grow better, and io make excuses, except one man who desired to stay out till night before he went in, &,c. The Major going to the gentlemen, told them, that one thing more would work a perfect cure upon his men, which was to let them go home; which did work a cure upon all, exce|)t one, and he had not the small pox. So he ordered tlie pluiulor to be divided fprthwith, and sent away all the Plymouth forces. But the gentlemen there desired him to stay, and they would be assisting to him in raising new forces, to the number of what was sent away; antl that they would seiid to Boston for provisions, which they did if 196 FRENCH AND INDIAN ^VARS. ii i and sent Captain Plaisted* to the Governoui and council at Boston, &,c. And in the mean time, the Major with those gen- tlemen went into all those parts, and raised a suffi- cient number of men, both officers and soldiers. [They]* all m.et at tiie bankf on the same day that Captain Plaisted returned from Boston. [The]^ re- turn from the Boston gentlemen was, that the Canada expedition had drained them so that they could do no more. So that Major Church, notwithstanding he had been at considerable expenses in raising said forces to serve his King and country, was obliged to give them a treat and dismiss them. Taking his leave of them, [he] came home to Boston in the Mary sloop, Mr. AldenJ master, and Captain Con- verse with him, on a Saturday. And waiting upon the Governour, and seme of the gentlemen in Boston, they looked very strange upon them, which not only troubled them, but put them in some consternation ; [wondering] what the matter should be, that after so much toil and hard service, [they] could not have . 1 [who] 2 [whose] • The name of Plaisted is founfl in the earlier and later wars as well as in this. A letter from Roger Plaisted to Maj. Waldron, who was killed at Salmon fal's, 1675, show- ing his desperate situation, is printed in Hubbard, 231. Whether this was a son or not is not known to me, but from the author just cited should conclude that it was not. Per- liaps he was a near connexion. In 1712, a Mr. Plaisted was taken at Wells, and ransomed for 300 pounds. t Bv the bank I sui)pose is meant, that part of the town of Portsmouth, including Church hill, formerly called Straw- berry bank, and was a general appellation for the town. f The same mentioned further on, as old Mr. Alden, and Capt. Alden. He lived at Boston, and was one of the accus- ed in the celebrated witch a cess we had, for want of good conduct." All whicli was caused by those false reports which were posted home by those ill affected officers that were under my conduct; especially one, which yourselves very well know, who had the advantage of being at home a week before me, being sick of action, and vvanling the advantage to be at the bank, which he was evtiry day mindful of more than fighting the enemy in tlicir own country. " After I came home, being informed of a general court at Plymouth, and not forgetting my faithful promise to you, and the duty I lay under, I went thither. Where waiting upon them I gave tiiem an account of my Eastward transactions, and made them sensible of the falseness of those repor's that were posted to them by ill hands, and found some small favourable acceptance with them ; so far tiiat T was credited. I presented your thanks to them for their seasonably sending those forces to relieve you, of the expense and charge they had been at ; Avhich thanks they gratefully received ; and said a few lines from yourselves would have been well ac- cepted. I then gave them an account of your great necessities, by being imprisoned in your garrisons, and the great mischief that would attend the pub- • Bristol. The Rev. Samr.el Lee, I suspect, was then the minister, as he did not leave America until sometime the next year. See note 4, page xii. I' 200 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. lick concerns of this country by the loss of their Majesties^ interest, and so much good estate of your's and your neighbours, as doubtless wouhl be, on the deserting of your town. I then moved for a free contribution for your relief, which they with great forwardness promoted ; and then ordered a day of thanksgiving through the government upon the twentysixth day of this instant. Upon which day a collection was ordered for your relief, and the places near adjacent, in every respective town in this government ; and for the good management of it that it might be safely conveyed unto your hands, they appointed a man in each county for the receipt and conveyance thereof. The persons nominated and acce{)ted thereof, are, for the county of Ply- mouth, Captain Nathaniel Thomas, of Marslifield ; for the county of Barnstable, Captain Joseph Lathrop, of Barnstable; and for the county of Bristol, myself. Which when gathered, you will have a particular account from each person, with orders of advice how it may be disposed of for your best advantage, with a copy of the court's order.* The gentlemen [that] the jftects are to be sent to, are yourselves that I now write to, viz., John Wheelwright, Esq., Captain John Littlefield, and Lieutenant Joseph Story. I deferred writing, expecting every day to hear from you concerning the Indians, coming to treat about their prisoners that we had taken. The discourse I made with them at Ameresscogen, I knew would have that effect as to bring them to a treaty, which I would have thought myself happy to have been improved in, knowing that it would have made much for your good. But no intelligence coming to me from any gentleman in your fjarts, • The people of Connecticut were forward, also, iii con- tributing to those distressed inhabitants. A coiitribution Aas ordered by the general court throughout the colony, and the clergy were directed to exhort the people to liberal con- tributions for these charitable purposes. Hist, Con. I, 387 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 201 and hearing nothing but by aocidcnt, and that in the latter end of the week by some of ours coming from Boston, informed me that tlie Indians had come into your town to seek for peace ; and that there was to be a treaty speedily ; but the time they knew not. I took my horse, and upon the Monday set out for Boston, expecting the treaty had been at your town, as rationally it should ; but on Tuesday night coming to Boston, I there met with Captain Elisha Andros, who informed me that the place of treaty was Sacatyhock,* and that Captain Alden was gone from Boston four days before I camo there, and had carried all the Indian prisoners with him ; and that all the forces were drawn away out of your parts, except twelve men in your town, and twelve in Piscataqiia, which news did so amuse me, to see, that wisdom was taken from the wise, and such imprudence in their tactions as to be deluded by Indians. To have a treaty so far from any Eng- lish town, and to draw otl' the forces upon what pre- tence soever, to me looks very ill. My fear is that they will deliver those we have taken, which, if kept, would have been greatly for your security, in keeping them in awe, and preventing them from doing any hostile action or mischief. I knowing that the English being abroad are very earnest to go home, and the Indians are very tedious in their discourses ; and by that means will have an advan- tage to have their captives at very low rates, to your great damage. f Gentlemen, as to Ilhodeisland, • Sanjadahock. On the south side of Keiinebeck river, 20 miles southwest of Pemtnaqued. Hubbard. t The treaty here alluded to, was agreed upon by those sachems that came into " Wells garrison," mentioned on page 194, "with a flag of truce." Major Hutchinson and Capt. Townsend went from Boston to Wells, as commission- ers, and after some time, a conference was agreed upon at Sagadahock, 23 November. They met according to ajv pointmcnt and a truce only, was obtained, and that till 1 INI ay I illi ■• 1 "'I i'i' fl 2.02 FRENCH AND INDIAN >VARS. 'i \'a: I liavo not concerned myself us to any relief foi you, having nothing in writing to show to tliciu; yet, upon discourse with sorno gontlemen there they have si-gnilied a great forwarclness to promote such a thing. I lying under great ruHections from some of yours in the eastward parts, that I was a very covetous person, and came tlicre to enrircli my- self, and that I killed their cattle and barrelled them up, a id sent them to Boston, and sold them for plund )r, and made money to put into my own poc- ket ; and the owners of them being poor people begged for the hides and tallow, with tears in their eyes ; and that I was so cruel is to deny them ! which makes me judge myself incapable to serve you in that matter; yet, I do assure you, that the people are very charitable at the island, and forward in such good actions ; and therefore, I advise you to desire some good substantial person to take the ma- nagement of it, and write to the government there, which I know will not be labour lost. As for what 1 am accused of, you all can witness to the contra- ry, and I shoukl take it very kindly fiom you to do me that just right, as to vindicate mv reputation ; for the wise man says, " A good nnme is a;. i>reeious ointment." When I hear of the ollects of the trea- ty, and have an account of this contribution, I in- tend again to write to you, being very desirous, and should think myself very happy, to be favoured with a few lines from yourself, or any gentleman in the eastward parts. Thus leaving you to the protec- tion and guidance of the greu-t God of Heaven and earth, who is able to protect and supply you in your great difficulties, and to give you deliverance in his own due time. I remain, gentlemen, your most as- sured friend, to serve you to my utmost power. BENJAMIN CHURCH." However, bO captiv-?s were redeemed, and at the end of the truce they were to brinp; the rest to Wells, and make a Qnal peace. Magnolia, II, 529. I FRENCH \ND INDIAN WARS. 203 " Postscript. Esquire Wlicelwright.* Sir, I en- treat you, after your perusiil of these lines, to com- municate the same to Captain John Littlefiehl,f Lieutenant Joseph Story, and to any otiior gentle- men, as in your judgment you see lit ; with the ten- der of my respects to you, etc., and to Major V^uughan, and his good lady and family. To Cap- tain Fryer, and good Mrs. Fryer, with hearty thanks for their kindness whilst in those parts, and good entertainment from them. My kind respects to Ma- jor Frost, Captain Walton, Lieutenant Iloneywel, and my very good friend little Lieutenant Plaisted ; with due respects to all gentlemen, my friends in the eastward parts, as if particularly named. Farewell. B. C." il] « To Major Pike. Honoured Sir, Bristol, Nov. 27, 1G90. These come to wait upon you, to bring the ten- ders of my hearty service to yourself, and lady, with due acknowledgment of thankfulness for all the kindness, and favour I received from you in the east- ward parts, 'vhen with you. Since I came from • A soHj it is p'-esumcd, of the Rl r. John Wheelwrijj;!it, of whom so much has been said and written concerning An- tinnmian princip'es and land titles. Being con(entearts so suft) hefore the enemy were bronj^ht into better subjct^tion. I was in hopes, when I came from thence, liiat those who were so desirous to liavc my room, would havc! b»!eM very brisk in my >ibsence, to have j^ot thfinselvi'S some honour, which they very much ^apcd al'tcr, or else tiiey would not have spread so many \'nUii re- ports to defame me; which hud I known bcl'ore I left the bank''^ I would have had satisfaction of them. Your honour was pleased to give mo sonic snudi account, before I left the bank, of sonx; thin;ijs that were ill represented to you, conciTiiinij the eastwarli;i?ations, you liavo laid upon us, in th(;.se eastern parts, leave us under a deep and grateful sense of your favour therein. And forasmuch as you were pleased when last here, to signify your ready inclination to further serviiro of this kind, if occasion should cill for it. Wo therefore presume, confidently to promise ourselves compliance accordingly ; and have sent this mes- sage on purpose to you, to let you know, that not- withstanding the late overture of peace, the enemy have approved themselves as perfidious as e.ver, and are almost daily killing and destroying upon all our frontiers. The Governour and council of the Mas- sachusetts have been pleased to order the raising of one hundred and fifty men, to be forthwith despatch- ed into those parts ; and, as we understand, have written to your Governour and coimcil of Plymotith for further assistance, which we pray you to promote, hoping if you can obtain about two hundred men, Kng- lisli and Indians, to visit them at some of their head (|uarters, up Kennebeck river, or els(;where, which for want of necessaries was omitted last year ; it may be of great advantage to us. We oiler nothing of advice, as to what methods arc most proper to bo taken in tins afiair. Your acquaintance with our circumstances as well as tlie enemy's, will direct you therein. We leave the condut-t thereof to your own discretion. But that the want of provision, &.c.> may be no remora to your motion, you may please to know Mr. Gcafibrd, one of our principal inhabi- tants, now residing in Boston, hath promised to take care to supply to the value of two or three hundred pounds, if occasion require. Wc {)ray a few lines by the bearer, to give us a prospect of what wo if Ia H-i I 1] !l! 4 ■ !'! i 206 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. may expect for our further encouragement, and re- main, Sir, your obliged friends and servants, William Vaughan, Richard Mahtyn, Nathaniel Frykr, William Fernald, Francis Hooke, Charles Frost, John Wincol, Robert Elliott." (A true copy of the original letter ; ivhich letter was presented to me by Captain Hatch, who came express.) Major Church sent them his answer, the contents whereof was, that he had gone often enough for nothing, and especially to be ill treated with scan- dals and false reports, when last out, which he could not forget. And signified to them, that doubtless some amongst them, thought they could do without him, &c. And to make' short of it, [they] did go out, and meeting with the enemy at Maquait, were most shamefully beaten, as I have been inform- ed.* • I will lay before the reader an a;count of the affair hinf- cd at, as I find it in Mather, and will only observe, that, that author is enough inclined to favour the side of the English " About the latter end of July [1691] wc sent out a small army under the command of Capt. March, Capt. King, Capt. Sher- burn, and Capt, Walten, who landing at Maquoit, marched up to Pechypscot, but not finding any signs of the enemy, marched down again. While the commanders wore waiting ashore till the soldiers were got aboard, such great numbers of Indians poured in upon them, that though tlie commanders wanted not for courage or conduct, yet they found them- selves obliged, with much ado, (and not without the death of worthy Capt. Sherburn) to retire into the vessels whicb then lay aground. Here they kept pelting at one anotkei all night ; but unto little other pui-pose than this, which wai indeed remarkable, that the enemy was at this time going t( led FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 20T THE THIRD EXPEDITION EAST. This was in the year 1G92. In the time of Sii William Phips'* government, Major Walley being at Boston, was requested by his excellency to treat with Major Church about going east with iiim. Ma- jor Walley coming home, did as desired ; and to en- courage the said Major Church, told him, that now' take the isle of Shoals, and no doubt had they gone they would have taken it, but having exhausted all their ammu- nition on this occasion, they desisted from what they design- ed." Magnalia, II, 530. • Governour Phips " was a Nevvengland man," born at Pemmaquid, in 1650-1 ; being, as we are told, a younger son among twentysix children, of whom twentyone were sons. By profession he was a ship carpenter. That business he soon left; and being an industrious and persevering man, and applying himself to study, soon acquued an education competent for rder of knighthood. In 1690 he commanded an expedition against Q,uel)eck,but from unavoidable obstacles did not ar- rive until too late in tlie season, and was obliged to abandon the expedition. See note 1, on [lage 177, where some parti- culars are given. The King now for tlie first time comjdi- mented the Newengland agents with the nomination of their Governour, and they nominal ed Sir William Phips, and he arrived at Boston, 14 May, lG9i, invested with the proper authority. In 1694, he was sent for to answer some com- jdaints in England, but fell sick before 1 died, 18 Feb. 1695. All represent him gt« man, and a real Eliot, and Allen. friend to his country. had his trial and a strictly honest Mather, Holme«. II ; ' ■ if' iiif ill . '<] >\\ \ , 11 i i I' y biiy 1 208 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. was the time to have recompense for his former great expenses ; saying also, that the country could not give him less than two or three hundred pounds. So upon his excellency's request, Major Church went down to Boston, and waited upon him, who said he was glad to see him, &c. Alter some dis- jCourse [he] told the said Church, that he was going east, himself, and that he should be his second, and in his absence, command all the forces. And be- ing requested by his excellency to raise v^hat volun- teers he could of his old soldiers in the county of Bristol, both English and Indians, received his com- mission, which is as foUoweth. " Sir William Phips, Knight, Captain General and Governour in Chief, in and over his Majesty's province of the Massachusetts bay, in JVeweng- land, To Benjamin Church, Gent., Greeting. Reposing special trust and confidence in your loyalty, courage and good conduct ; I do by thesu presents constitute ancl appoint you to be Major of the several companies of militia, detached for their Majesties' service against their French and Indian enemies. You are therefore authorized and requir- ed in their Majesties' names, to discharge the duty ofa Major by leading, ordering and exercising the said several companies in arms, both inferiour offi- cers and soldiers, keeping them in good order and discipline, commanding them to obey you as their Major. And diligently to intend the said service, for the prosecuting, pursuing, killing and destroying of the said common enemy. And yourself to ob- serve and follow such orders and directions as you shall from time to time receive from myself, accord- mg to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to tJie trust reposed in you for their Majesties' service. ir cr )- H3 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 20'J Given under my hand and seal at Boston, the tvven- tyfifth day of July, 1G92. In the fourth year of the reign of our sovereign Lord and Lady, William and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. WILLIAM PHIPS. By his Excellency's command. Isaac Addington, Seer." • Returning home to the county aforesaid, he soon raised a sufficient number of volunteers, both English and Indians, and officers suitable to command them, marched them down to Boston. But there was one thing I would just mention, which was, that Major Church, being short of money, was forced to borrow six pounds in money of Lieutenant W^oodman, in Littlecompton, to distribute by a shilling, and a bit* at a time, to the Indian soldiers, who, without such allurements, would not have marched to Boston. This money Major Church put into the hands of Mr. William Fobes, who was going out [as] their com- missary in that service. [FleJ* was ordered to keep a just account of what each Indian had, so that it might be deducted out of their wages at their return home. Coming to Boston, his excellency having got things in readiness, they embarked on board their transports, his excellency going in person with them ; being bound to Pema- quid.f But in their way stopped at Casco, and buri- 1 [who] • Six pence. ' t This word is better written Pemmaquid as it was fo*«»er- ly pronounced, and now generally. This place is cf^tebrat- ed as the birth place of Sir William Phips. Several places are known by this name, but are all in the same vicinity, and on the east side of Kenncbeck river, and about 20 piiles from its moata. Habbard. It m 14 m m '1 210 FKENCII AND INDIAN WARS. ed the bones* of the dead people there, and took off the great guns that were there, then went to Pema- quid. Coming there his excellency asked Major Church to go ashore and give his judgment about erecting a fortf there 'J He answered, that his genius did not incline that way, he never had any value for them, being only nests for destructions. His excellency said, [that] he had a special order from their Ma- jesties, King William and Queen Mary, to erect a fort there, &.c. Then they went ashore and spent some time in the projection thereof. Then his ex- cellency told Major Church that he might take all the forces with him, (except one company to slay with him and work about the fort.) The Major answered, that if his excellency pleased, he might keep two companies with him, and [tliat] he would go with the restj to Penobscot, and places adjacent. Which his excellency did, and gave Major Church his orders, which are as foUoweth. « By his excellency. Sir WILLIAM PHIPS, Knight, Captain General and Governour in Chief, in and over their Majesties' province of the JSlassachusetta bay, in JVewcngland, ^-c. Instructions for Major Benjamin Church. Whereas you are Major, and so chief officer of a body of men, detached out of the militia, appointed for an expedition against tiie Frencii and Indian ene- • See paRp 175, and note 3, where an account of the des- truction of Casco is relal'^d. tThis fort was called the William Henry, and was the best tl>en in these parts of America. It was built of stone o( a quadrangular fiRure, and about 737 feet in comi.ass, mount- ing 14 (if not 18) guns. Whereof tt were 18 pounders. About 60 men were lefl ti» man the fort. Mather, Slagnaha, II, 530, 537. I Their who 9 force was 450 men. lb. lies- ras the ,one o( monnt- in»\ers. .gnaliai FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 211 my ; you are duly to observe the following instruc- tions. Imprimis. You are to take care that the worship of God be duly and constantly maintained and kept up amongst you ; and to suffer no swearing, cursing, or other profanation of the holy name of God ; and, as much as in you lies, to deter and hinder all other viccj amongst your soldiers. Secondly. You are to proceed, with the soldiers under your command to Penobscot, and, with what privacy, and what undiscoverable methods you can, there to land your men, and take the best measures to surprise the enemy. Thirdly, You are, by killing, destroying, and all other means possible, to endeavour tlie destruction of the enemy, in pursuance whereof, being satisfied of your courage and conduct, I leave the same to your discretion. Fourthly. You are to endeavour the taking what captives you can, either men, women or children, and the same safely to keep and convey them unto me. Fifthly. Since it is not possible to judge how af- fairs may be circumstanced with you there, I shall therefore not limit your return, but leave it to your prudence, only that you make no longer stay than you can improve for advantage against the enemy, or may reasonably hope for the same. Sixtidy. You are also to take care ai, ' be very industrious by all possible means to find ou and de- stroy all the enemy's corn, and other provisioi s in all places where you can come at the same. Seventhly. You are to return from Penobscot and those eastern parts, to make all despatch henon for Kennebeck river and the places adjacent, and there prosecute all advantages against the enemy as afore- said. Eighthly, If any soldier, officer, or oilier shall be disobedient to you as their commander in chief, or other their superiour olPcer, or make, or cause i! 1 212 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. any mutiny, commit othor ofTonce or disorders, you shall call a council of war amongst your officers, and having tried him or them so oilending, inflict such punishment as the merit of the oficnce requires, death only excepted, which if any shall deserve, you are to secure the person, and signify the crime unto me by the first opportunity. Given under my hand this 11th day of August, 1692. WILLIAM PHIPS." m M 1 1 Then the Major and his forces embarked and made the best of their way to Penobscot. And coming to an island in those parts in the evening, landed his forces at one end of the island. Then the Major took part of his forces and moved (toward day) to the other end of the said island, where they found two Frenchmen and their families, in their houses ; and, that one or both of them had Indian women to their wives, and had children by them. The Major presently examining the Frenchmen, [demanded] where the Indians were 7 They told him, that there was a great company of them upon an island just by. And showing him the island, [he] presently discovered several of them. Major Church and his forces still keeping undis- covered to them, asked the Frenchmen where their passing place was 9 Which they readily showed them. So presently they placed an ambuscade to take any that should come over. Then sent orders for all the rest of the forces to come ; sending them an account of what he had seen and met withal ; strictly charg- ing them to keep themselves undiscovered by the enemy. The ambuscade did not lie long before an Indian man and woman came over in a canoe, to the pl.ace for landing, where the ambuscade was laid. [They]' hauled up their canoe, and came right int(» the hand? of our ambuscade, whososuddenlysurpris- 1 [who] FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 213 ed them that they could not give any notice to the others Irom whence they came. The Major ordering that none of his should offer to meddle with the canoe, lest they should be discovered. Hoping to take the most of them, if his forces came as ordered, (he expecting them to come as directed.) But the first news [that] he hat^of them, was, that they wure all coming, [and]^ not privately as ordered, but the vessels fair in sight of the enemy, which soon put them all to flight. And our forces not having boata suitable to pursue them, they got all away in their canoes, &c. [This]' caused Major Ciiurch to say, [that] he would never go out again without [a] sufficient number of whale boats, [the]^ want of which was the ruin of that action.* Then Major Church, according to his instructions, ranged all those parts, to find all their corn, and carried aboard their vessels what ho thought conve- nient, and destroyed the rest. Also finding conside- rable quantities of plunder, viz., beaver, moose skins, &.C. Having done what service they could in those parts, he returned back to his excellency at Peme- quid. Where being come, staid not long, (they be- ing short of bread) his excellency intended [going] home for Boston for more provisions. [In the way]** going with Major Church and his forces to Kenno- beck river ; and coming there gave him further or- ders, which are as followeth. " By his Excellency the Governour, To Majw Benjamin Church. You having already received former instructions, are now fu'ther to proceed with the soldiers under 1 [though] 2 [which] 3 [for] 4 [hut before] • Mather, II, 537, says that five prisoners were taken at this time. r ■:' 214 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. your conimimd for Koiiiiubcck river, and the places adjacent, and use your utmost t'ndeavours to kill, destroy and take captive iIk; French and Indian ene- my wheresoever you shall find any of them ; and at your return to Pemequid (which you are to do as soon as you can conveniently ; after your best en- deavour done against the qjiemy, and having des- troyed their corn and other provisions) you are to stay with all your soldiers and oflicers, and set them to work on the fort, and make what despatch you can in that business, staying there until my furtfier order. WILLIAM nilPS." Then his excellency taking leave went for Boston, and soon after, Major Church and his forces had a smart fight v/ith the enemy in Kcinnebeck river ; pur- sued them so hard that tiiey lelt \\um canoes, and ran up into the woods. [They] still pursued tlicm up to their fort at Taconock,* whi.ch the enemy perceiving, set fire to their houses in the fort, and ran away by the light of them ; and when Major Church came to the said fort, [he] found about half their houses standing, and the rest burnt ; also found great quantities of corn, put up into Indian cribs, which he and his forces destroyed, as ordered. Having done what service he could in those parts, returned to Pemeqtiid. And coming there, employ- ed his forces accoiding to his instructions. Being out of bread [and] his excellency not coming, Ma- jor Church was obliged to borrow bread of the Cap- tain of the man of war, that was then there, for all the forces under his command ; his excellency not coming as expected. But at length his excellency came, and brought very little bread, more than * This fort was about 64 miles from tlic sea. Taconock, or as Sullivan has it, Taconnct is a great fall of water in the Kennebeck. At this|;lace, by onler of Gov. Shirley, a fort was built on the east bank of the '•iver (in 1754) and called fort Halifax. Minot's Hi&t. I, 186 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAIIS. would pay what was be iwed of the mun of war , BO that in a short time after Major Church, with iiis forces, returned home to Boston, and had their wa- ges for their good service done. Only one thing, by the way, I will just mention ; that is, about the six pounds [whichj Major Churcii borrowed as beforementioned, and put into the luinds of Mr. Fobes, who distributed the said money, all but thirty shillings, to the Indian soldiers, as di- rected, which was deducted out of their wages, and the country had credit for ihe same. And the said Fobes kept the thirty shillings to liiniself, whicii was deducted out of his wages. Whereupon Major Walley and [the] said Fobes had some words. In short Major Church was obliged to expend about six pounds of his own money in marching down tlie forces both English and Indians, to Boston, iuiving no drink allowed them upon the road, ifcc So, that instead of Major Church's having the allowances aforementioned by Major Walley, he was out (»f pocket about twelve pounds over and above what he had ; all which had not been, had not his excellency been gone out of the country. THE FOURTH EXPEDITION EAST. In 1G96, Major Church being at Boston, and be- longing to the house of representatives, several gen- tlemen requesting him to go east again, and the general court having made acts of encouragement, &.C. He told theiii, [that] if they would provide whale boats, and other necessaries convenient, he would. Being also requested by the said general court, he proceeded to raise volunteers ; and made it his whole business, riding both east and west in our province and Connecticut, at great charge and expenses. And in about a month's time, raised a >. ; ji ;r;' 21C FRENCH AND INDIAN WVIIS. sufHcicnt number out of those piirts, and iniirchcd them down to Boston. Wliere ho Imd tlie promise that every tliin,i5 sliould be ready in three weeks, or a montli's time ; but was obliged to stay conside- rably longer. Bding now at Boston, he received hia commission and instructions, which are as follovveth. « WILLIAM STOUGIITON,* Esquire, Lieutenant Governour, and Commander in Chief, in and over his Majesty's province of Massachusetts bay, in JVewengtand, To Major Benjamin Church, Greeting. Whereas there are several companies raised, con-'_.,ing o" Englishmen and Indians, for his Majes- ty's service, to go forth upon the encouragement given by the great and general court, or assembly of this his Majesty's province, convened at Boston, the 27th day of May, 1090, to prosecute the French* and Indian enemy, &c. And you having offered yourself to take the command and conduct of the said several companies. By virtue, therefore, of the power and authority in and by his Majesty's royal commission to me granted, reposing special trust and confidence in your loyalty, prudence, courage • Mr. Stougliton was the son of Israel Stoughton of Dor- chester, at which i)lace he was horn in 1632. He graduated at Harvard college, 1650, and engaging in the study of divin- ity, is said to have made an excellent preacher, but was never settled. Is also said to have possessed good talents and great learning. It may be allowed that he had a great deal of some kind of learning, and yet, destitute of much solid understanding or science. This no one will doubt, when informed that he was one of the principal judges, who sat and conden "'-d so many unfortunate persons for the imaginary crime of witchcraft, in the witch age of Salem ; and to add to his misfortunes, Dr. Eliot says, that " he was more obstinate in his errour than others on the bench." When Phips left the government, he was the commander in chief. In 1700 he was again in the ortice. He died in 1702. At his expense was the cAllogc called Stougliton hall built N. E. Biog. 444, 5 FRKNCIl AND INDIAN WARS. 217 nnd good conduct. I do by tJiose presents consti- tute and tippoint you to ho Major of the said sovctiil companies, l)otli fctiglislimcn and Indians, raised ("or his Majesty's service upon the encouraj^ernent afore- said. You are tlierefore carefully nnd diligently to perform the duty of your place, by leading, ordering, and exercising the %aid several companies in arms, both inferiour officers and soldiers, keeping them in good order and discipline, commanding them to obey you as their Major. And yourself diligently to intend his Majesty's service for the prosecuting, pursuing, taking, killing or destroying the said ene- my by sea or land ; and to observe all such orders and instructions as you shall from time to time re- ceive from myself, or commander in chief for the time being, according to the rules and discipline of war, pursuant to the trust reposed in you. (livim under my hand and seal at arms, at IJoston, the third day of August, IGOC), in the eighth year of the I'.Mgn of our sovereign Lord Wii.m.vh the III, by the grace of God, of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, King, defender of the faith, &.c. WILLIAM STOUGIITON By command of the liieut. Governour, &-c. Isaac Addington, Sear." '^Province of Massachusetts bay. By the Right Honourable the Lieutenant Governour and Com- mander in Chief. Instructions for Major Benjamin Church, Com- mander of the forces raised for his Majesty's ser- vice, against the French and Indian enemy and rebels. Pursuant to the commission given you, you are to embark the forces now furnished and equipped for his Majesty's service on the present expedition to the eastern parts of this province, and with them, nnd such others as shall offer ..^emsclves to go fcrlh K II il ui „,,, i 318 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. on tho snid service, to siiil unto I'isctitiiqua, to join those lately dcspatciicd tliitiicr for tin: siiinu cvpiMii- tiot), to await your comini^. And with ti!! curt; and diligence to improve the vessels, boats and tncn un- der your command in search for, prosecution and pursuit of, the said enemy at sucii |)laces whert! you may be informed of their abode or n'sort, or where you may probably expect to liinl, or meet with them, and take all advuntu<;es ai^ainst them which provi- deuce shall favour you with. You are not to list or accept any soldiers that are alreaily in his Majesty's pay, and posted at any town or f^arrison within this province, without special onler from myself. Vou are to require and give strict orders thii^ the duties of religion bo attended on boaru are to advise, as you can have occasion, witli Captii.n John (rorhain, who accompanies you in tiiis expedition, and is to take your command in case of yonr death. A copy of these instructions ycwi are to leave with him, and to give mo an account from time to time of your proceedings. WILLIAM STOUGIITON. Boston, August \2th, 1G90." In the time [that] Miijor Church lay at Boston, the news came of Penu;(|uid fort's being taken.* It came •Tims tlif fort wliich liail cost llir* country an iitimcnsr' sntn of motifv, was cntirolv (loiiiolisln'il. Tliis wan fort Williiin Honry, luiilt in llif> la>-t oxpodilion. Two inon of war wore sont from Boston, rarly this year, (1G9G) to cruisp oU'lli" ri'<>r St. .lolins, foran pxper.toil French store slii]) ; Imt unhappily, the French at (iunlieck liad ilospatclied two men of war for llio capture of the above saiic than a match for them, ca;*- tureil one, called •' Newp )rt, the other, taking ailvanta<;e of a foj;, u;ot l)aciv i.> Bjston, The French now proceedcil to attack the for' , 1> ing strengthened |)v the addition of the Newport, and Bai-n Ca^tinowith 200 Indians. The French were comm »nde(i hy one Iberville, " a brave and experieneed olficer," an 1 th*» Knjjli^h fort by one Chubb, withr.nt brave- ry or ex I'H.cnce. On tiie 14 July, Iberville arrived before the fort, and immediatidy sent in a summons for its surren- der. Chubb returned a mere gasconade for an answer. Says he, " If the sea were covered with French vessels, and the land with Indians, yet I would not givi: up the fort." Some firing then commenced with the small arrn- nd thus c'los"d the lirst day. The night following Iber .ii" landed some cannon and mortars, and by the next day it 3 of the clock, lial so raised iiis works as to throw r> bom >s into the fort, to the great terror of Chulib and his 1 't^n. Vnd to add to their terror, Castine found mea,ns to convey a letter into 1 I 1HL [11 i |. I \ 220 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. by a shallop that brought some prisoners to Boston who gave an account, also, that there was a French ship at Mountdesart* that had taken a ship of ours. So the discourse was, that they would send the man of war,f with other forces to take the said French ship, and retake ours. But in the mean time Major Church and his forces being ready, embarked, and on the fifteenth day of August, set sail for Piscataqua, where more men were to join them. (But before they left Boston, Major Church discoursed with the Captain of the man of war, who promised him, [that] if he went to Mountdesart, in pursuit of the French ship, that he would call for him and his forces at Pis- cataqua, expecting that the French and Indians might not be far from the said French ship, so that he might have an opportunity to fight them while he was engaged with the French ship.) Soon after the forces arrived at Piscataqua, the Major sent his Indian soldiers to Colonel Gidney,J at the fort, importing, that " if they held out the Indians would not be restrained, for he had seen such orders from the King to Iberville." Upon this Chubb surrendered and the French demolished the fort. Hutchinson, II, 88 to 90. Mather, Magnalia, II, 549, says, that the fort contained " 95 men double armed which miglit have defended it against nine times as many assailants." Chubb lived at Andover, where in February following he was killed by a small party of about 30 Indians, wh~ fell upon the place. lb. 554. • Desert it should be. A very large island covering the area of about 180 square miles, and nearly all the waters of the bay of Fundy or Frenchman's bay. It was named Monts Deserts by Champlain, in honour, perhaps, of De Monts with whom he had formerly sailed. It was once called Mt. Mansell by the English, which, Mr. Savage (in Winthrop, I, 23) thinks was so called in honour of Sir Robert Mansell named in the great Charter. t There were two men of war now at Boston, which with some other vessels were sent in pursuit of the enemy and camo in sight of them, but elfected nothing. Hutchinson, 11,91. t Bartholomew Gidney, one of the judges of 1692, whose name is sufficiently perpet-nted in CalePs " More Wonders FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 221 Vork, to be assisting for the defence of those places,* who gave them a good commend for their ready and willing services don6 ; in scouting and the like. Lying at Piscataqua with the rest of our foices near a week, waiting for more forces who were to join them, to make up their complement.! In all which time heard never a word of the man of war. On the twentysecond of August, they all embarked [from]* Piscataqua. And when they came against York, the Major went ashore, sending Captain Gor- ham| with some forces in two brigantines and a sloop, to Winterharbour. Ordering him to send out scouts, to see if they could make any discovery of the ene- my, and to wait there till he came to them. Major Church coming to York, Colonel Gidncy told iiim, [that] his opinion was, that the enemy was drawn otf from those parts ; for that the scouts could not discover any of them, nor their tracks. So hav- ing done his business there, went witn what forces he had there, to Winterharbour, where he had the same account from Captain Gorham, [viz.,] that they had not discovered any of the enemy, nor any new tracks. So, concluding [that] they were gone from those parts towards Penobscot, the Major ordered all the vessels to come to sail, and make the best of their 1 [for] of the Invisible World." He was an associate with Haw- thorn and Curwin, in executing; the laws against witchcraft. Smalltime has been spent for more information of him, and as little has been found. • The French were expected to make other attempts along the coast, which they threatened after their success at Pemmaquid. t Their whole force, it appears from Hutchinson, II, 91, was 500 men. I Captain John Gorham s*?ms from this time through this and the other expeditions to have acted a conspicuous part. 1 have found no other accounts t him. M 222 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. I.: i way to Monhegin,* whicli being not far from Penob- scot, where the main body of our enemy's living was. Being in great hopes to come up with the army of French and Indians, before they had scattered and gone past PenobfCDt, or Mountdesart, which is the chief place of their departure from each other aftor such actions. Having a fair wind, made the best of their way, and early next morning they got into Monhegin. And there lay all day fitting their boats, and other necessaries to embark in the night at Mussleneck-] with their boats. Lyin^there all day to keep undis- covered from the enemy. At night the Major order- ed the vessels all to come to sail, and carry the for- ces over the bayj near Penobscot. But having little wind, he ordered all the soldiers to embark on board the boats with eight days provision, and sent the ves- sels back to Monhegin, that they might not be dis- covered by the enemy ; giving them orders, when and where they should come to him. The forces being all ready in their boats, rowing very hard, got ashore at a point near Penobscot.§ jufit as the day broke. [They]^ hid their boats, and keeping a good look out by sea, and sent out scouts by land, but could not discover either canoes or In- dians. What tracks and fire places they saw were judged to be seven or ei-jiit days before they came. As soon as night came, that they might go undis- covered, got into their boats, and, went by Mussle- neck, and so amongst Penobscot islands, looking very sharp as they went, for fires on the shore, and for canoes but found neither. 1 [and] • An island on the east side of Kcnnebcck river, and about 10 miles from the main, celebrated as the place where Cant John Smith landed in 1614 ; here he built some houses, (ha remains of which were to be seen when Judge Sullivan wrote his history. It is spelt Monheagan. t A point in Monheagan island. { The bay of Penobscot. § Mouth of the river. 'i'i I ! FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. S23 Getting up to Mathebestucks hills, [and] day com- ing on, landed and hid their boats ; looking out for the enemy, as the day before, but to little purpose. Night coming on, to their oars again, working very hard ; turned night into day, [which] made several ot their new soldiers grumble. But telling them [that] they hoped to come up quickly with the enemy put new life into them. By daylight they got into the mouth of the river, where landing, found many ren- dezvous, and fireplaces, where the Indians had been ; but ^t the same space of time as beforementioned. And no canoes passed up the river that day. Their pilot, Joseph York,* informed the Major, that fifty or sixty miles up that river, at the great falls, the ene- my had a great rendezvous, and planted a great quantity of corn, when he was a prisoner with tliem, four years ago ; and that he was very well acquaint- ed there. This gave great encouragement to have '*!id some considerable advantage of tlie enemy at i'. it place. So using their utmost endeavours to get up there undiscovered. And coming there found no enemy, nor corn planted ; they having deserted the place. And ranging about the falls on both sides of the river, leaving men on the east side of the said river, and the boats just below the falls, with a good guard to secure them, and to take the enemy if they came down the river in their canoes. The west side being the place where the enemy lived and best to travel on, they resolved to range as privately as they could. A mile or two above the falls, [they] discovered a birch canoe coming down with two Indians in it. The Major sent word immediately back to those at the falls, to lie very close, and let them pass down the f'llls, and to take them alive, that he might have intelligence where the enemy were, (which would » York probably belongpil hero, for it appears from Sulli- van, 14fi. lliat persons of this name were among the early proprietors of the Ian \s of Kennebeck. -11, I 234 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. have been a great advantage to them.) But a foolish soldier seeing *hem pass by him, shot at them, con- trary to orders given, which preve ted them [from] goi' / into the ambuscade, that was laid for them. \V1 >,reupon several more of our men being near, sliot at them. So that one of ti.em could not stand when he got ashore, but crept a'vay into the brusli. Th*^ other stepped out of the canoe with his paddle in ins hand, and ran about a rod and then threw down his paddle, and turned back and took up his gun, and so escaped. One of our Indians swam over the river, and fetched the canoe^ wherein was a consider- able quantity of blood on the seats that the Indians sat on, [and] the canoe had several holes shot in her. They stopped the holes, and then Captain Bracket* with an Indian soldier, went over the river, [and]' tracked them by the blood about half a mile, [where they] found his gun, took it up and seeing the blood no further, concluded that he stopped [it,]'"* and so got away. In the mean time, another canoe with three men were coming down the river, [and being]'* fired at by some of our forces, ran ashore, and left two of their guns in the canoe, which were taken ; and al- so a letter from a priest to Casteen, [giving]* him an account of the FreiK-h and Indians returning over the lake to Mountroyal,| and of their little service done upon the MatjuatiJ Indians westward ; only de- 1 [who] 2 [his blood] 3 [were] * [that gave] * The same pe.-son mentioned at page 166. t Montreal. I This was the name given liy the Dutch to the Fivena- tions of Indians. See N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. II, 44. By th > French they were called Irofjuois, bet voen whom their wars wee almost perpetual. An account of what is hinted at in the text may be seen in Smith's Newvork !17, 149, and N. Y. Hist. Soc. Col. J', 67, 03. The expedi i was executed under count De Frontenac now (1696) Gt>\ i nour of Cana- da. He had assembled a great body of his friend Indians from different nations, which he joined wttli two battalions ! Ill FRENCH AND NDIAN WARS. 2io molisliing one Ml fort, and cutting down some corn, lie desiring to hear of the proceedings of De- borihuel, and tlie French man of war. And inform- ed him that there were several canoes coming with workmen from Quebeck, to St. 'Johns.* Where since, we concluded, it was to build a fort, at the river's mouth, when the great guns were taken, &,c It being just night, the officers were called to- gether to advise, and their pilot, York, informed them of a fort up that river, an*i that it was built on a little island in that river: and that there was no getting to it, but in canoes, or on the ice in the wmler lime. This with the certain knowledge that we were discovered by the enemy that escaped out of the upper canoe, concluded it not proper, at that time, to proceed any further up ; and that there was no getting any further with our boats ; and the ene- my being alarmed, would certainly fly from them (and do as they did four years ago at their fort at Taconock. Having fought them in Kennebeck river, and pursued them about thirty miles to Taconock, they then set their fort on fire, and ran away by the light of it, ours not being able to come up with them at that place.) of regulars. They left Montreal about the first of July, and with the greatest difficulty penetrated about 200 miles into the wilderness. Nothing was elTected by this great army, but the burning of a few Indian huts, and torturing a few prisoners. One circumstance of the latter, as a striking ex- ample of magnanimity, on the one side, and more than sav age barbarity on the other, shall be related. On the ap- proach of the Count with his army to an Indian town, it was drserted by all its inhabitants, except an aged chief, of near 100 years. He was immediately put to torment. One stabbed him with a knife, at which lie exclaimed, " You had better make me die by fire, that theue French dogs may learn how to sutler like men," Stc. He continued firm until he expired rndcr the most excruciating torture that could be invented. * At the mouth of the river St. Johns, in what is now N. Brunswick. K 15 S26 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. il Major Church then encouraging his soldiers, told thcni, [that] he hoped thej' should meet with part of the enemy in Penobscot bay, or at Mountdesart where the Frcnoli ships were. So, notwithstanding they had been rowing several nights before, with much toil, besides were short of provisions, thoy cheerfully embarked on board their boats, and went down the river both with and against the tide. And next morning came to their vessels, where the Major haa ordered them to meet him, who could give him no intelligence of any enemy. Where being come they refreshed themselves. Meeting then with ano- ther disappointment ; for their pilot, York, not be- ing acquainted any further, they began to lament the loss of one Ptobert Cawley, whom they chiefly depended on for all the service to be done now eastward. He having been taken away from them the niglit before they set sail from Boston (and was on board Mr. Tliorp's sloop) and put on board the man of war unknown to Major Church, notwithstand- ing he had been at the trouble and charge of pro- curing liim. Then the Major was obliged to one Bord,* procured by Mr. William Alden, who being acquainted in those parts, to leave his vessel, and go with him in the boats, which he readily complied with, and so went to Nasketf point, where being in formed was a likely place to meet the enemy. Com ng there, found soverai houses and small lields of corn, the (ires having been out several days, and no m w tracks. But upon Penobscot island they found several Indian houses, corn and turnips. Tiiough the enemy still being all gone, as beforementioned. Then they diviil(;d, and sent their boats some one way, and some another, t'. inking, that if any strag- gling Inflians, or Castocn himself, sliould be Ihere- •Tlic namo of Bord or rallier Boad as Sullivan has it, is found among the first inhabitants of Saco. Hist. Maine, 218. t Or Nauscag, in tlie town of Woolwich on the cast side ot the Kennebeck. II.. llhere- , side ol FRENCH AND INDIAN VVAK9. 227 aliout, they niiglit find tliein, but it proved all in -vain. Ilimsell' and several boats went to Mountde- sart, to see if the French ships were gone, and whether any of the enemy might be there, but to no purpose ; the ships being gone and the enemy also. They being now got sev^rul leagues to the westward of their vesseis, and seeing that the way was clear for their vessels to pass ; and all their extreme row- ing, and travelling by land and water, night and day, to be all in vain. (The enemy having left those parts as they judged, about eight or ten days before.) And then returning to their vessels, the commander calling all his officers together, to consult and re- solve what to do ; concluding that the enemy, by some means or other, had received some intelligence of tiieir being coma out against them ; and that they were in no necessity to come down to the sea side as yet, moose and beaver now being fat. They then agreed to go so far east, and employ themselves, tliat the enemy belonging to these parts, might think [that] they were gone home. Having some discourse about going over to St. Johns, But the masters of the vessels said, [tliatj [theyj' had as good carry them to old France, Slc, which nut oil' ihat design. (They concluding that the French ships were there.) Then the Major moved for going over the bay towards Lahane,* and t irds the gut of Cancer,f where w as another considerable fort of In- dians, who often came to the assistance of our ene- my, the barbarous Indians. Saying, that by the time they should return again, the enemy belonging to these parts would come down again, cx[)ecting that wo were gone home. But in short, could not prevail with the masters of the open sloops to von- J_[he] ' • This name is spelt Layhone in a succeeding page. t Properly, Canreau, and pronounced Canso. It is the Btrait Itelwrrii Cupp Breton island an' houses and be- r.aved as if they had been in a conquered colintry." And, " that many of the inhabitants, not trusting to t^e promises of the General [Churcli] refused to come in, andtliat it was very well they did ; for soon after be bro!;e through all boundf, and left oidy the church and a few Louses and barns standing ; and having discovered, posted up in the church, an order of Fro-itenac, the Govcrnour of Canada, ior the re- gulation of trade, he threatened to treat them as rebels, set fire to the church, and the houses which lie had spared and which were no'.v all reduced to ashes ; and having d)ne this, Le presented a writing which he told them was an acUnowl- edgomeut of their having renewed their subjection to King William, and would be a security to them in case any Eng- lish should again land among then.." Before regarding this FIIK CIl AND INDIAN WAuS. 231 And went further ranging their country, found seve- ral more houses, but the people [had] lied, and car-, ricd what they had away. But in a creek [theyj found a prize baik, that was brought in there by a French privateer. In ranging tlie woods, took some prisoners, who upon examination gave our comman- der an account, that there were some Indians upon a neck of land, towards Menis.* So a party of n>on was sent into tl.ose woods. In their ranging about the said neck, found somo plun- der, and a considerable quantify of whortleberries, both green and dry, which were gathered by the In- dians. [They]' had like to have taken two Indians; [but]^ by the help of a birch canoe [they] got over the river, find miide their escape. Also tlicy found two barrels of powder, and near half a bushel of bul- lets. The French denyin;' [them]^ to be theirs, [and] said [that] they were the .■ravages; but sure it might be a supply for our enemies. Also, they took from Jarman Bridgvvay several barrels of powder, with bullets, shot, spears and knives, and other suppTK^s to relieve our enemies. He owned that he hud been trading with those Indians along Cape Sablef shore, with Peter Assnow ; and, that lliere he met with the French ships, and went along with them to St. Johns, and helped them to unload the said ships, and car- ried up the river provisions, ammunition and other goods to Vilboon's fort. J The Major having ranged all places that were thought proper, returned bac'- m the place where 1 [and] 2 [who] a [it] account as perfectly correct, it should be re-nemhered that the Jesuit Charlevoix ever portrays the affairs of the French in amiable colours. • On a basin of the east arm of the bay between Novasco tia and Newbrunswick. Morse spells the word two wtys viz., Mines and Minas. fThc southwest point of Novascotia. X This fort was upon the river St. Johns. 299 FRKNCII AND INDIAN WARS. they fiist laii(k' us any liarni, if they [the French] did not relieve and su[)|)ly them. The French bein<» sciisihlc of the Major's kinchiess to them, kissed his hand, and were very thankfid to liirn' for liis favour to them in savinj^ their lives. [They] owned that thtiir priests* were at the takir.g of Petne- quid fort, -and vere now gone to Layhone, with some of thelndians, to meet ihe French shi[>s, but for wliat, they would not tell. The comma.ider, with his forces, having lone ail they could in thosf part.", concluded to ,^0 to St- Johns river, to do further service for their King antl country; [so] embarked all on board their trans- ports.! And iiavieg a fair wind, soon got to Motio- genestjj which iie;i a little distance from the mouth of St. Johns riv(;r. Next morning early, the Major with his forces, landed to see what discovery they ciiild make; [s( they] travelled across the woods to the old fort o: falls at the mouth of St. Johns river, keeping them- selves Undiscover(;d from the enemy. Finding tlijtt there were several men at work, and having informed themselves as much as they could, (the enemy being on the other side of the river, could not come at them) returned back. But night coming on, and dark wet weather, with bad travelling, were obliged to stop in the woods till towards next day morning, and then went on board. Soon after the Major ordered all the vessels to come to sail, and go into the mouth of the river. [That] being done, it was not long beii • the Major and his forces landed on the east sitt, ''( the river, tne French firing briskly at them, but did them no * Castine was mentioned as being there. 319. t On the 20 September. t On the nortli side of the river. See note, page 234 FRENCH AND INDIAN \VARS. harm. And running fiercely upon the enemy, they goon fled into the woods. Tlie Major ordered a brisk party to run across a neck to cut ihem off from their canoes, which the day before they Iiad made a dis- covery of. So the commander, with the rest, ran directly towards the new fort [that] tiiey were buihl- ing, not knowing but [that] they had some ordnance mounted. The enemy running directly to their ca- noes, were met by our forces, v/ho fired at them and killed one, and wounded Corporal Canton, who was taken. The rest threw dov/n what they had, and ran into the woods. The said prisoner. Canton, being brought to the Major, told him, [that] if he would let his surgeon dress his wound and cure him, he would be serviceable to him as long as he lived. So being dressed, he was examined. [Ile]^ gave the Major an account of the twelve great guns which .vere hid in the beach, below high water mark. (The carriages, shot, and wheelbarrows, some flour and pork, all hid in the woods.) The next morning the ollicers being all ordered to meet together, to consult about going to Vilboon's fort, and none amongst them being acquainted but the Aldens, who said, [that] the water in the river was very low, so that they could not get up to tlie fort ; and the prisoner. Canton, told the Com- mander, that what the Aldens said was true. So not being willing to make a Canada expedition, con- cluded [that] it was not practicable to proceed.* 'i'lien ordered some of the forces to get the great guns on board the open sloops, and the rest to range the woods for the enemy, who took one prisoner and brought [him] in. [Tliey]" in their ranging, found there a shallop, hauled in a creek. And a day or two after there came in a young soldier to our forces, 1 [Who] 2 [who] • Tho unsuccfssful alfempt on Qiipberk by Sir William Phips, which was rendered abortive by the lateness of the fceason. FRENCH AND INDl VN WARS. 235 who upon examination, gave an account of two more which he left in the woods at some distance. So immediately the Major with some of his forces went in pursuit of them, taking the said prisoner with them, who conveyed them to the place where he left them, but they were gone. [They] then asked the prisoner, whether there were any Indians in those parts'? [He] said No, [that] it was as hard for Vilhoou their (Jovernour, to get an Indian down to the water side, as it was fi)r him to carry one of those great guns on his back to his fort. For they having had intelligence by a prisoner out of Bo'^ton jail, that gave tliem an account of Major Ciiurch and his for- ces coming out against them. Now, having with a great deal of pains and trou- ble, got all the guns, shot, and other stores aboard, intended [to proceed] on our de^..,^l, which we came out first for. But the wind not serving, the com- mander sent out his scouts into the woods to seek for the enemy. And four of our Indians came upon three Frenchmen undiscovered, who concluded, that if the French should discover them, [they] would fire at them, and might kill one or more of them ; which, to prevent, fired at the French, killed one, and took the other two prisoners. And it happened (hat ho who was killed, was Shanelere, the chief man tiiore, &.c. 'i'lie same day they mended their whale boats, and the shalh p which they took; fitting her to row with eight oars, that she might be helpful to their prosecuting their intended design against the enemy, in tlieir returning homeward. Then the commander ordering all the officers to come together, informed them oif his intentions ; and ordered that no vessel? .should depart from the fleet, but to attend Ine mo- tions of their Commodore, as formerly ; except they were parted by storms, or thick fogs. And if so, it should happen that any did part, when they came to PI ^0 I 236 FRENCH AND INDIAN W VRS. Passatnequady,* should stop there awhile ; for there they intended to stop and do business, with the help of their boats against the enemy. And if they missed that, to stop at Machias,f which was the next place [that] he intended to stop at. Hav- ing an account by the prisoners taken that Mr. Late- rilj was there, a trading with the Indians in the river. fAnd] encouraging them, said, [that] he did not doubt but to have a good booty there. And if they should pass those two places, be sure not to go past Naskege§ point ; but to stop there till he came, and not to depart thence in a fortnight witiiout his orders ; having great service to do in and about Pe- nobscot, &.C. Then Major Church discoursed with Captain Bracket, Captain Hunewell, and Captain Larking, (with their Lieutenants) commanders of the forces, belonging to the eastward parts, who were to dis- course their soldiers about their proceedings, when they came to Penobscot. And the Major himself was to discourse his Indian soldiers, and their Cap- tains, who with all the rest readily complied. The projection being such, that when they came to Pe- nobscot, the commander designed to take what pro- • Better written Passammaquacldy, Coast* i- cn\\ it Quod- dy. It is a deep hay, which begins the sepuruion of the British dominions from Maine. t The bay of Machias is separated from Passammaqiiodd}' by Pleasant point on the west. A river flows into this bay of the same name, on which is the town of Machias. + Whoever this person might be, we hear no more of him, only that he was a Frenchman, and had a family at Monnt- desen ; that he was taken in the last expedition; and that his name was o/d Lateril or Lotriell according to the early writers who mention him, which of course, was all they knew about him. § Wha. Sullivan calls Nauseag, I expect, almost up to the Kenneheck, but on the east side, and now with)r this expedition, which I expt ; and order that yourself, officers and soldiers, now under ,you, yield obedience unto. He is to advise vvith yourself and others in all weighty attempts. Pray- uig for a blessing from Il'>'!ven upon the said enter' P1 ml m i;;t I 240 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. prise, and that all engaged in the same may be under the special protection of the Almighty. I am your loving friend, WILLIAM STOUGHTON. ' The Major 'iavmg read his last orders, and con- sidering his commission. Ibund that he .las obi ved to attend all orders,* &,c., was mucli concerned that he and his were prevciited in their intendi.vl projcf- tiori, if carried back to tit. Johns, i'hen disc^oursing with Colonel Hathornu, gave him an account of whit they had done at St. Johns, viz., tliat us to thn de- molishing the liow fort, th' y had dove it; and [had] got ;A\ fheir groat guns and stores aboarti tlu.ir ves- rfeir. Aitd, that, if it had not beca that the waters were 80 Ida , would have taken the foit up tho river also, ht;'K))\ fio came away. Told him also, that onts of tiio pris-xjors which he had taken at St. Johns, upon e:vaiiinatioi, concerning the Indians in those pans, told him, [that] it was as hard for Vilboon their Govcrnour, to get one of tiieir Indians dowii to the water side, as to carry one 'if those great gu.Mh upon his back. And that the* Had an account of liim [Church.] and ids forces' coming to those parts by a }>risoner out of Boston jail. Also, lold hi;^ honour, tliat if they went hack it would wholly disappoint them of th-jir doin'4 any further service, which was [what]^ they ca>ne for to Penobscot, and places ad- jacent. But al! was to no purpose. Ilis honour tell- 1 [that] * ('hutch could not but bear in the ensuing narration. Im- ]>ortant servicp, ])orhap>J, mii^ht have been donn in tiie exe- cution of the. plan tliat Church and his forces were th?n about to enter upor . They would doubtless have relieved the east- ern pcoj)le froir their ga"risons in whicii thi'v had most of the year bear, shut up. The *avag;es had hovered around the settlements from Pascata((ua to tlieir extent eastward, and had between tiie 7 May, and 13 October, killed and ta- ken about 34 of the inhabitants ; 21 being of the former num- ber. Sue Magnalia, II, d49, 50. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ^41 n- e- 1 \ 1 id .1, 1 a- 1 [II- ins; the Major that he must attend his orders then received.* And to encoui'af^e the officers and soldiers, told them, [that] they should be wholly at the Major's ordering and command in the whole action. And to be short did go back, and the event may be seen in Colonel Hathorne's journal of the said action. f Only I must observe one thing by the way, which was, that when they drew off to come down ihe riv er again, Colonel Hathorne came off and left the Ma- jor behind to see that all the forces were drawn off. And coming down the river, in or near the rear, in the night, heard a person halloo. Not knowing at * Tlio superceding of Cliureh, says Hiiteliinson, II, 9 1, '• was an impolitie measure, unless any misconduct in Cliureli made it neeessury that lie should be supereeded." But notiiing of that kind is made appear, and can be accounted for, only, by suppos- injT tliiit StoujLfliton had not fully recovered from the debility he had received in the late Witch Crusade. fThe journal of Hathorne, referred to, is undoubtedly lost, wiilch we have to regret. Perluips Hutchinson had the use of it, as the account which he gives of t!ie expedition is somewhat particular. He mentions, ]J, 94, 5, tiuit Villebon hud timely notice of their object, and the reinforcement; and accordingly had made the best arrangements he could to re- ceive them. They effected a binding on the 7 Octoher, not however without considerable opposition. The same day tliey raised u battery, and planted two fieldpieces upon it. With these and their small arms they commenced an attack upon the fort, wiiich was answered. The following night being very cold, the English made lircs to keep them from perishing. But this being a sure mark for the enemy's cannon, were obliged to put them out, and suffer the incleiiH-ncy of the weather. Church's men suffering more extremely, being almost bare of clothing from their long service. Discouragement now sei'od t'lem, and they drew off t!.e next night. Matiier makes no reflections on the planning and executing of this expe- dition. " The dillifulty of the cold season so discouraged our men, that after the making cf some fev^" shot the enterprise found itself under too much congelation to proceed any fur- ther." So he s.aya, Mugnalio. 11, 650. No account is given that any were killed. L 16 /'4-.- 243 FRENCH A^D INDIAN WARS. first, but it might be a snare to draw them into ; but upon consideration, sent to see who or what he was, and found him to be a Negro man belonging to Mar- blehead, tliat had been taken and kept a prisoner amongst them for some time. The Major asked hinj, whether Jie could give any account of the Indians in those parts 1 He said Yes, they were or had been all drawn off from the sea coast, up into the woods near an hundred miles. [They] having had on ac- count by a prisoner out of Boston jail, that Major r^hurch and his forces were coniing out against them In four brigantines, and four sloops, with twentyfour pettiaugers^ (meaning whale boats) which put them into [such] a fright, that notwithstanding they were so far up in the woods, were afraid to make fires by day, lest he and his forces should discover the smokes, and in the night lest they should see tlio One thing more I would just give a hint of, that is, how the French in the eastward parts were much surprised at the motion of tiie whale boats. [Thoy] said, [that] there was no abiding for thorn in thut cotmtry. And I have been inlbrmed since, that soon after this expedition, they drew off from St. Johns fort and river. But to return. Then going all down the river, embarked and went homeward. Only by the way, candid reader, I would let you know of two things that proved very prejudicial to Major Church and his forces, Tlie first was, that the government should miss it so much as to send any prisoner awaj from Boston before the expedition was over. Secondly, that they should send Colonel Hathorne to take them from the service find business they went to do ; who, by submis>:ion, doubtless thought [that] they did for the be.-;t though it proved to the contrary. So [I] shall wind up with a just hint of v.'hat hap- pened It their coming home to Boston. After al* m ^9W AVi^tMAvv iMttSlsV^ft ■J I'-- — FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 2<13 their hard service both nis calls it " Dud- ley's Indian War." But this must be regarded as one of his loose denominations, for the war had already originated when Gov Dudley entered upo" his otiice. r 24 G FIIENCH AND INDIAN WARS. And upon the wale of each boat, five pieces of strong leather be fastened on each side to slip five small ash bars through ; that so, wiienevcr they land, the men may step overboard, and slip in said bars across, and take up said boat that she may not be hurt against the rocks. And that two suitable brass kettles be provided to belong to each boat to dress the men's victuals in to make their lives comfortable. Thirdly. That four or five hundred pairs of good Indian shoes be made ready, fit for the service for the ICnglish and Indians, that must improve the whale boats and birch canoes ; for they will be very proper and safe for that service. And let there be a good store of cow hides well tanned, for a supply of such shoes, and hemp to make thread, and wax to mend and mai(e more such shoes when wanted, and a good store o1 awls. Fou'-thly. That there be an hundred large hatch- ets, cr light axes, made pretty broad, and steeled with the best steel that can be got, and made by work- men, that [they] may cut very well, and hold, that the hemlock knots may not break or turn them, to widen the landing place up the falls. For it may happen that we may get up with some of our whale- boats to their falls or headcjuarters. Fifthly. That there be a suitable (juantity of small bags, or wallets provided, that every man that wants may have one to put up his bullets in, of such a size as will fit his gun, (and not be served as at Casco.*) That every man's bag be so marked that he may not change it. For if so, it will make a great confusion in action. That every man's store of bull be weigh- ed to him, that so he may be accountable and may not s(iuander it away and also his store of powder, that so he may try his powder and gun before action. And that every particular company may have a bar- • There most of their phot was so large that it was useles?, only as it was hammered, anil was not discovered until un engagement took place witn the enemy. Sec page 166. FK.ENC11 AND INDIAN WARS. 247 rel of powder to themselves and so marked that it may by no means be changed. That men may know Deforehand, and may not be cheated out of their lives, by havinon Portroyal. Being very well satisfied in his opinion, that with the blessing of God, with what forces they had, or should have ; and whaleboats so well fitted with oars and paddlts, as they had with them, might be suffi- cient to have taken it. His excellency (looking up- on Colonel Church) replied, [that] " he could not admit of that, by reason, [that] he had, by the advice of her M'-jesty's council, writ to her Majesty about the taking of Portroyal fort, and how it should be disposed of when taken," dec. However Colonel Church proceeded to get every thing ready for the forces down at Nantasket, which was the place of pa.-'^de. He happening one day to be at Captain Belch • The entrance into Boston harbour, south of the light- house. The winter of 1690 was so severe, that sleds and sleighs frequent'" passed from Boston to Nantasket u|)on t!;e ice. The island of this name was the place of rendezvous, and is nine miles from Boston. It co itains the present tow» of Hull, and is connected lo Ilinghav.. by a dam. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 253 er's,* wliere his excollonoy happened to come. [He]* was pleased to order Colonel Church to put on his Bword, and walk with him up the common, whicli he readily complied with. Where being come, ho saw two mortar pieces with shells, and an engineer trying with them, to throw a shell from them to any spot of ground where he said it sliould fall ; which when Colonel Church had seen done, gave him great encouragement, and hopes [that] that would promote their going to Portroyal, which lie had solicited for. And returning from thonce, after they had seen them tried by the said engineer, and performing what was proposed, [and] coming near to Captain William Clark's house, over against the horse shoe, his ex- cellency was invited by Captain Clark to walk over and take a glass of wine, which he was pleased to accept of, and took Colonel Church with him And in the time they were talking a glass of wine. Colonel Church once more presumed to say to his excellen- cy ; " Sir, I hope that now we shall go to Portroyal in order to take it ; those mortars being very suita- ble for such an enterprise." His excellency was pleased to reply; "Colonel Church, you must say no more of that mutter, for the letter I told you of, I writ by the advice of her Majesty's council, now lies at home on the board before the Lords commis- sioners of her Majesty's foreign plantations," &,c. After some days, every thing being ready to em- bark. Colonel Church received his instructions, which arc as follows : " Bi^ his excellency Josf.ph Di^dlk^, Esq., Captain (\ciieral and Governour in Chief, in and over her jMajesty's prcwince of Ihe Massachusetts buy, (.yc, in A hvengland, and I ice Admiral of the same. 1 [who] •Captain Andrew Beloher of Cambridge, and father of Governour Belcher, I suspe:^ is meant See page Oi, noted. 2M FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS Inatructions for Colonkl Bkn.i*>iin Church in tlu present Expedition. In pursuance of tho commission given you to taJvG the chief command of tho hind and sea forces by me raised, equipped and sent forth on her Ma- jesty's service, against her open declared enemies, the French and Indian rebels. You are to observe the following instruc mns. First. You are to take care, that the duties of religion be attended on board the several vessels, and in the several companies under your command, by daily prayers unto God, and reading his holy word. And that the Lord's day be observed and duly sauc- tified to the utmost of your power, as fur as the cir- cumstances and necessity of the service can admit, that so you may have the i)resence of God with, and obidin his blessing on, your undertaking. You are to take care, that four soldiers have theis due allowance of provisions and other necessaries ; that their arms be well fixed, and kept fit for service, and that they be furnished with a suitable quantity of powder and ball, and be always in readiness to pass upon duty. That good order and discipline be maintained ; and all disorders, drunkenness, profane swearing, curs- ing, omission or neglect of duty, disobedience to of- ficers, mutiny, desertion, and sedition be duly pun- ished, according to the rules and articles of war ; the which you are once a month or oftener, to cause to be published, and made known to your ofiicers and soldiers for their observance and direction in their duty. Let notorious and capital offenders be sent away to the next garrison, thero to be imprison- ed until they can be proceeded with. Let the sick and wounded be carefully looked af- ter, and accommodated after the best manner your circumstances will admit of, and be sent either to Casco fort, or to Mr. Peperel'sat Kittery, which may be easiest, so soon as vou can. FRENCH AND INDIAN \VARS. 255 You are forthwith to send away the forces and Btores by the transports, with the vvhalebouts to Pis- oataf|iia, on Kitlory side there to attend your com- ing whither you >• to follow them with all exjv 'i- tion. You -ire to embark in the province galley, Captai » Southack commander, and Lieutenant Colonel Gor- ham go on board Captain Gallop ; who are both di- rected to attend your motion on the French side, after which they are to return. I et the commanders of all the store sloops and trni;:[>.,it ' now that they sail, anchor and serve at your direction. When you sail from (Mscataqua, keep at such dis- tance off the shore, that you be not discovered by the ( ;my to alarm tliciii. istop at Montinicus,* ji; i there embark tlie forces in t'le whaleboats for t'l" main, to range tiiat part of the country, in search of the enemy, to Mountdesart, sending t'lio vessels to meet you there ; and after having reiVchhed and re- cruited your soldiers, proceed to Machias, and from thence to Passamequado ; and having effected vviiat spoils you possibly may, upon the enemy in those parts, embark on your vessels for Menis and Signec- lo, to Portroyal gtit ; and use all ,,.,.s«ible methods for the burning and destroying ol the erciuier; houses, and breaking the dams of their cori^ grounds in the said several places, and make wluit other spoils you can upon them, antl bring away the prisoners. In your return call at Penobscot and do w t you can there, and so proceed westward. This will probably employ yon u month, or six weeks; when you will draw togtlher again, and by the latter end of June, consider whether you can march to Norrigwack, or other parts of tiieir plant- ing, to destroy their corn and settlements and keep * An island consitlerablc ilistance fro.u Ihc coast of Maine, and the same, I supjiosc, called Martinicusor Mcrtinicuson I lie late maps. It is 15 or 'iO miles from ■ lalliavcn island at I lie niDulii oft he Penobscot. 256 FPENCH AND INDIAN WARS. the expedition on foot until the middle of August next. Notwithstanding the particularity of the afore'fo- ing instruction, I lay you underno restraint, because I am well assured of your courage, care, caution and industry ; but refer yon to your own resolves, by the adviceof your commission ollicers not under the de- gree of Captains, and the sea commission Captains (whom you will, as often as you can, advise with) ac- cording to the intelligence you may receive, or as you may find needful upon the spot. You are by every opportunity, and once a week certainly, by some niuans either by way of Casco, Piscataijua, or otherwise to accpiaint me of your pro- cee('ing3 and all occurrences, and what may be fur- ther necessary for the service. And to observe such further and other instructions as you shall receive from myself. As oiten as you may, advise with Captain Smith and Captain Rogers, comnjanders of her Majesty's ships. Let your minister, commissary, and surgeons be treated vilh just respects. 1 pruy to God to preserve, prospi-!' n.jiii succeed you. Cii 'it under my hand at Boston, the fourth day of J. DUDLEY." Purstiant to his instructions ho sent away his trans- ports and forces* to I'iscataqua, but was obliged himself to wait upon his excellency by land to Pis- cataqua in order to raise more forces in the way thither ; and did raise a company undtirtlie command of Captain Harridon.f Taking car(^ to provide a • This collected armiiment consisted of 5.')0 soldieis, in 14 small transports, and was ))rovided with SO \\ halo hoats, and convoyed by three men of war ; one of 4S, one of 3'2, and one of 14 guns. Hutchinson, II, 132. Donp;la>is, |, 557, t This name is spelt Harredcn in Penhrtllovv's history 5 but liis own signature to the resolve before Porlroyal is Har- radon. No other mention is made of him in the Indian wars at I have seen. nei ill I lo tT pii in nl m FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 257 n. Colonel I tarry if not be • some >|H)rtH. pilot lor them in the hay of Fnndy. ((.'oloncl ( 'Insrch hcinfj directed to one Fellows whom he met with nt Ipswich.) And flo\nntiMicus,|| undiscovered by the enemy. Next morning early, I'UtcA out two whahdjoats with men, Captiiin Joim Cook in one and Captain Constant Church in thi; other, and sent them to (ireen islandll upon a discovery. And com- ing there, they parted, on(! went to one part, and the other to the other part, that so tliey might not miss • Al)un(1ant materials aro ^irnservcd for ahiomraiihy of (his jjondpiiian. He was a direct descendanl of one of llic lii>l setders of Nowhainiisliire in 16-23. He was a sucresslul olli- cf r, lint like many olliers was doomed to fall by savage hands. In addition to what is found in liiis iiistory, and Penlialldu's Indian Wars, a memoir may be seen in I of Farmer aiiil Moore's Col. iJll, iifil. He waseng;ap;ed in the mastinp; liu>i- ness in Kxeter, where Ik* lived, ami havin<:; some fine trees fallen in the woods, went with 17 men (o peel the bark otf, to save (hem from (he worms ; hut a ;)ar(y of Indians, on 'J3 .Inne, 1710, fired vipon them from an ambush, and killed the Colonel and two more. Colonel Daniel Plumer of Ep- pinp;, informs me that (he tilacc where they were Uilled is in (lie present town of Eppm^j;, N. II. Feriiaps not far from u'hat i'« now called the mast nv/i/. t Commander of die .Jersey fiif^ate. I Commander of the frigate Gosport. § May 15. || See note on page 2.i5. IT A small woody island about 5 miles south easterly from Montinicus. 17 ^ :M I m i h i , '.I IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) / A A R « 1.0 I.I 1.25 [fl^ IIIIIM •^ 1^ 1 2.2 ^ 1^ IIIIIM 1.8 1.4 IIIIII.6

th French and Indians ; not knowing that any one did escape in all Penobscot. Among those tliat were taken was St. Casteen's daughter, who said that hor husband was gone to France, to her father, jMonsieur Casteen.f Slie having her children with hor, the commander was very kind to her and them. All tlie prisoners that were then taken, held to one story in general, which they hud from Lafaure's sons, [viz., J that there were no more Indians thereabouts, but enough of them at Passamequado. Upon which they returned to their transports with tiieir prisoners and plunder. The commander giving order immediately for the soldiers in the whaleboats to have a recruit of i)ro visions for a further pursuit of the enemy. Giving orders to the transports to stay a few days more; tliere, and then go to Mountdcsart, (and there to stay f tr her Majesty's ships, who were directed to conjc t'.ither,) and there to wait his further order. Then Colonel Church with his forces immediately embarked on board their whaleboats, and proceeded to scour the coast, and to try, if they could discover any of the enemy coming from Passamequado ; mak- ing their stops in the day time at all the points and places where they were certain [that] the enemy would land, or come by with their canoes, and at night to their paddles. Then coming near where t!u: 1 [who] • In Penhallow, 17, his name is written D'Youns and not D. Young as reprinted in Col. N. H. Hist. See. I, 33. t Baron De St. Castine. See note 1, on page 164. P r 262 FRENCH AND IND.AN -WARS. vessels were ordered to come, liaving made no dis- covery of the enemy, went directly to Mountdesart, where the transports were just come. And taking some provisions for his soldiers, gave directions for the ships and transports in six days to come directly to Passamequado, where they should find him and his forces. Then immediately moved away in the whaleboats, and made diligent search along shore, as formerly, inspecting all places where the enemy was likely to lurk : Particularly at Machias, but found neither fires nor tracks. Coming afterwards to the west har- bour at Passamequado, where they entered upon ac- tion. An account whereof Colonel Church did com- municate to his excellency, being as follovveth. " May it please your Excellency, I received yours of this instant, October ninth, with the two inclosed informations, that concern ray actions at Passamequado, wiiicii I will give a just and true account of, as near as possibly I can, viz On the seventh of June last, 1704, in the evening, we entered in at the westward harbour at said Pas- samequado. Coming up said harbour to an island, where landing, we came to a French house, and took a French woman and children. The woman upon her examination, said her husband was abroad a fishing. I asked her, whether there were any Indians there- abouts 1 she said ' Yes, there were a great many, and several on that island.' I asked her, whether she could pilot me to them? said 'No, they hid in the woods.' I asked her, when she saw them 9 answer- ed, 'Just now, or a little while since.' I asked her whether she knew where they had laid the canoes 9 she answered ' No, they carried their canoes into the woods with them.' We then hastened away along shore, seizing what prisoners we could, taking old Lotriel and his family. This intelligence caused me to leave Colonel Gor- FRENCH :MB INDIAN WARS. 263 ham, and a considerable part of my men, and boats with him at that island; partly to guard and secure those prisoners. Being sensible it would be a great trouble to have them to secure and guard at our next landing, where I did really expect, and hoped to have an opportunity; to fight our Indian enemies. Fcr all our French prisoners that we had taken at Penobscot, and along shore, had informed us, that when we came to tne place where these Canada gentlemen lived, we should certainly meet with the savages to fight us; those being the only men that set the In- dians against us, or upon us, and were newly come from Canada, to manage the war against us. (Plead- ing in this account and information their own inno- cency.) And partly in hopes that he, the said Co- lonel Gorham, '.vould have a good opportunity in the morning to destroy some of those our enemies, (we were informed [of,] by the said French women as above) with the use ot his boats as I had given di- rection. Ordering also Major Hilton to pass over to the next island, that lay east of us with a small party of men and boats, to surprise and destroy any of the enemy, that in their canoes might go here and there, from any place, to make their flight from us ; and, as he had opportunity, to take any French prisoners. We then immediately moved up the river, in the dai'k night, through great difficulty, by reason of the eddies and whirlpools, made with the fierceness of the current. And here it may be hinted, that we had information, that Lotriel had lost part of his family passing over to the next island, falling into one of those eddies were drowned, which the two pi- lots told to discourage me. But I said nothing of that nature shall do it. For I was resolved to ven- ture up, and therefore, forthwith paddling our boats as privately as we could, and with as much expedi- tion as we could make with our paddles and the help of a strong tide, we came up to Monsieur Gour- 2G4 FUENCII AND INDIAN WARS. dan's a littlo before day. Where tiiking notice of the shore, and finding it somewliat open and clear, I ordered Captain Mirick and Captain Cole, having English companies, to tarry with several of the boats to be ready, that if any of the enemy should come down out of the brush into the bay (it being very oroad in that place) with their canoes, they might take and destroy them. Ordering the remainder of the army, (being land- ed,) with myself and the other officers, to marcii up into the woods with a wide front, and to keep at a considerable distance ; for that if they should run in hcpps, the enemy would have the greater advantage. And further directing them, (hat if possible, they should destroy the enemy with their hatchets, and not fire a gun. This order I always gave at land- ing; telling them the inconvenicncy of firing, in that it might be, first, dangerous to themselves, they being many of them young soldiers. (As I had sometime observed, that one or two guns being fired m.any others would fire, at they knew not what, as happened presently after.) And it would alarm the enemy, and give them the opportunity to make iheii escape; and it might alarm the whole country, and also prevent all further action from taking ellect. Orders being thus passed, we moved directly to- wards the woods. Le Faver's* son directing us to a little hut or wigwam, which we immediately surround- ed with a few men. The rest marching directly up into the woods, to see what wigwams or huts they could (discover. Myself made a little stop, ordering the pilot to tell them in the hut, that they were sur- rounded with an army, and that if they would come forth and surrender themselves, they should have good quarter ; but if not, they should be all knocked on the head and die. One of them showed himself, [and] I asked who • The same, who in the late preceding pages is called La" faure. See note 1, on i)age 258. FRENCH AND INDIAN WMlif 205 he was? He suwl * (lounhin ;' ninl iKJg^cd fortjuar- ter. I told him lie should huvo good <]uurter ; add- ing further, that if thero wore any more in the Jiouse, they should come out. Then came out two men. Gourdan said, they were liis ons, anit pro- per and advarita^couii. And had it not heen lor the int('lli;^enco I had rec(;ived from tlio l''rencli, wo took at l'enol)scot, as bjd'ore hinted ; and the false n'port [that] the French women (first took) ;;ave uh;, I had not been in such haste. IqiU'stion not, hut tluise I'Veiirhinj'n tliat were slain, had the same ^ooil (piarter of otiu'r prisoners. lint I ever looked on it, a :rood providence of Ahnius manner at Dccrfield ; and, I hope, justly. I li')|)i; (\.h\ Almighty will accept hereof, although it may iiot Ix; eligible to our French im|)lacal)le eneuues, and such (ithers as are not our friends. The fonjgoing journal, and this short annexinent. I thought it my duty to exhibit, f^r the (-atisfjction of my friends and countrymen, whom I very I" litldully and willingly served in the late expeditioM. Anil [ hope will find acceptance with your excellency, the honourable council and Representatives now assem- bled, as being done from the zeal I had in iIk; said service of her Majesty, and her good snbj cts h.(3r(!. I remain your most hinnbh! and obedient servant, HEXJAMIN CllUilClI." This night's service being over, immediately Col- onel Church leaves a sullicient guard with (lourdan and the other prisoners, nK)ved in some whah-boats with the rest ; and as they were going, spied a small thing upon the water at a great distance, whicli proved to be a birch canoe with two Indians in her ■■y-*a-^'-jpjg-ij ^''^' w a6iaf i"" /in. ---..■fe -J-ki''- '^ -: "_ i_"^^r jf?^. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAUs. 209 The Colonel prcHcntly onlcrcd the lij^htcs hont ho hml, to niako the hest of her wiiy, and nel being ancient and unwieldy, desired Sergeant Edee to run with him. Arid coming to several trees fallen, which he could not creep under, or readily get over, would lay his breast against the tre(!, the said Kdeo turning him over, generally had catluck, falling on his feet, by which means [he] icept in the front. And coming near to Sharkee's house, discovered some French and Indians .; iking a wear'* in the river, and presently discovered the two Indians aforementioned, who called to them at work in the river, [and] told them, [that] " there was an army of English an Indians just by." [They]' im- mediately left their work and ran, endeavouring to get to Sharkee's house. [Ile]^ hearing the noise, took his lady and child and ran into the woods. Our men rumiing briskly, fired and killed one of the In- dians, and took the rest prisoners. Then going to Shark ee's house found a woman and child, to whom they gave gf»od quarter. And find- ing that Madam Sharkee had left her silk clothes and line linen behind her, our foices were desirous to have pursued and taken her. But Colonel Cliurch forbade liiem ; saying he would have hei run and suffer, that she might be made sensible, what hardships our poor people had sulfered by them, &,c. [lie] tlien pro- 1 [who] 2 [who] * Oti wier, a rack to catch fish m. 270 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. ceeded to examine the prisoners newly taken, who gave him the same account [tliat] he had before, of the Indians being up at the falls, &c. It being just night, prevented our attacking them that night. But next morning early, they moved up to the falls which was about a mile higher. But doubtless the enemy had some intelligence by the two aforesaid In- dians, before our forces came, so that they all got on the other side of the river, and left some of their goods by the water side to decoy our men, that so they might fire upon them ; which indeed they eject- ed. But through the good providence of God, never a man of ours was killed, and but one slightly wound- ed. After a short dispute. Colonel Church ordered tluit every man might take what they pleased of tlie fi'sh, which lay bundled up, and to burn the rest, which was a great quantity. The enemy seeing what our forces were about, and tiiat their stock of fish was destroyed, and the season being over for getting any more, set up a hideous cry, and so ran all away into the woods. They being all on the other side of the river, ours could not ft»llovv them. Having done, our forces marcfied down to their boats, at Sharkee's, and took their prisoners, beaver, and other plunder which they had got, and put it into their boats, and went down to Gourdan's house, where they had left Lieutenant Colonel Gorham, and Major Hilton, with part of the forces to guard the prisoners, (and kept a good look out for more of the enemy) who upon the Colonel's return, gave him an account that they had made no discovery of the enemy since he left them, &c. Just then her Majesty's ships and transports arriv- ing, the commanders of her Majesty's ships told Col- onel Church, that they had orders to go directly for Portroyal gut, and wait the coming of some store ships,* which were expected at Portroyal from France. • No shins arriveil, or at least, we have no account of any. Holmes, II, 65, mentions, sub anno 1705, that a rich ship FRENXH AND INDIAN WARS. 271 And Colonel Church advising with them, proposed that it WU3 very expedient and serviceable to the crown, that Captain Southack in the Province galley should accompany them, which they did readily ac- quiesce with him in. Upon which, the Colonel immediately embarked liis forces on board the transports, and himself on board Captain Jarvis, ordering the commresary of the stores, the minister, surgeons and pilots all to embark on board the same vessel with him. Ordering all the whalcboats to be put on board the transports, and then to come to sail. The ships standing away for Portroyal ^ut, and Colonel Church with the trans- ports for Menis. In tlieir way the Colonel inquired of their pilot, Fellows, vvhat depth of water there was in the creek, near the town of Menis 9 he answered him, that there was water enough, near the town, to float th't. vessel, they were in, at low water. So, \\:icn coming near. Colonel Church observed a .voody island between them and the town, that thc\ ran up on the back side of, (the said island) vvitli all their transports, undiscovered to the enemy, and came to anchor. Then the Colonel and all his for- ces embarked in the whaleboats. It being late in the day, [tlioy] moved directly for the town ; and in the way asked for the pilot, who, he expected, was in ono of the boats; but he had given him the slip, and tar- ried beliind. The Colonel not knowing the difficul- ties that might attend their going up to the town, im- mediately sent Lieutenant Giles, who could s;jeak French, with a flag of ti"uce up to the town, (will' a namod tlio Sirno, wfts taken, the preceding autumn, by the Englis)) ; and tliat she was bound to Quebeck, with a carijo amountini; to nearly a million of livres. But this was m June, hpnop it does not agree with the supposition that said shin was taken by ChurcTi's convoy. He cites Charlevoix, ancl the Universal History. Dr. Dcug;lass, I, 557, in this, as well as many other cases, comes liappily to our relief. Hf informs us, that this ship -was taken by an English Vir- ginia Fleet." \ i ■ I 272 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. summons, which was written before they landed,) ex- pecting their surrender, which is as followeth. " Aboard her Majesty's Ship Adventure, near the gul ofMenis, June 20, 1704. An agreement made by the field officers commanding her Majesty's forces for the present expedition against the French enemies, and Indian rebels. Agreed, that a dechiration or summons be sent on shore at Menis and Portroyal, under a flag of truce. Particularly, we do declare to you, the many cruel- tics and barbarities that you and the Indians have been guilty of towards us, in laying waste our coun- try here in the east at Casco, and the places adja- cent. Particularly, the horrid action at Deerfield, this last winter, in killing, massacreing, murdering and scalping, without giving any notice at all, or op- portunity to ask quarter at your hands ; and, after all, carrying the remainder into captivity in the height of winter, (of which they killed many in the journey) and exposed the rest to the hardships of cold and famine, worse than death itself. Which cruelties we are yet every day exposed unto and exercised with. We do also declare, that we have already made some beginnings of killing and scalping some Cana- da men, (which we have not been wont to do or al- low) and are now come with a great army of English nnd Indians, all volunteers, with resolutions to sub- due you, and make you sensible of your cruelties to us, by treating you after thp same manner. At this time we expect our men of wor and tran- sport ships to be at Portroyal. (We having but late- ly parted with them.) In the last place, we do declare to you, tliat in- asmuch as some of you have shown kindness to our captives, and expressed a love tc, and desire of be- ing under the English government, we do tlicrefore, notwithstanding all this, give you timely notice, and FllENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 273 io demand a surrender immediately, by the laying down your arms, upon which, we promise very good quarter ; if not, you must expect the utmost severity. To the chief commander of the town of Menis, and the inhabitants thereof, and we expect your an- swer, positively, within an hour. Benjamin Church, Col. John Gorham, Lieut. Col. WiNTHRop Hilton, Maj." Then moving to the creek, expecting to have had water enough for the boats, as the pilot had informed tliem, but Ibund not water enough for a canoe. So [tiiey] were obliged to land, intending to have been up at the town before the hour was out, that the summons expressed. For their return was, " that if our forces would not hurt their estates, then they would surrender, if otherwise intended, they should fight for them," &c. But meeting with several creeks, near twenty or thirty feet deep, which were very muddy and dirty ; so that the army could not get over them, [and] were obliged to return to their boats again, and wait till within night, before the tide served them to go up to the town. And then [they] intended to go up pretty near the town, and not to fall to, till morning : being in hopes that the banks of the creeks would shelter them from the enemy. But the tide's rising so high, exposed them all {p the enemy ; who had the trees and woods to befriend them; and so came down in the night, and fired smartly at our forces. I^tit Colonel Church being in a pinnace, that had a small cannon placed in the head, ordered it to be charged several times with bullets, in small bags, and tired at the enemy ; which made such a rattling amongst the trees, that [it] caused the enemy to draw off. And by the great providence of Almighty God, not one of our forces was hurt that night. But M 13 274 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAKS. as I have been informed, [tiie enemy]* had one In- dian killed, and some others wounded, which was some discouragement to [them.p Next morning, by break of day. Colonel Church ordered all his forces (and placed Major Hilton on the right wing) to run all up, driving the enemy be- fore them ; who leaving their town to our forces, but had carried away the best of their goods, which were soon found by our soldiers. The bulk of the enemy happening to lie against our right wing, caused the hottest dispute there. [TheyP lay behind logs and trees, till our forces, and Major Hilton, who led them, came [ — ]"* upon them, and forced them to run. And notwithstanding the sharp firing of tlie enerny at our forces, by the repeated providence of God, there was never a man of ours killed or wounded. Our soldiers not having been long in town, before they found considerable quantities of strong drink, both brandy and claret ; and being very greedy after it, especially the Indians, were very disorderly; firing at every pig, turkey, or fowl [that] they saw ; of vvliich [there] were very plenty in the town, which endangered our own men. Colonel Chuiva perceiving the disorder, and firing of his own men, ran to put a stop to it, [and] had several shot c(juic very near him. And finding what had occasioned this disorder, commanded his officers to knock out the heads of every cask of strong liquor they could find in tlie town, to prevent any further disturbance among his army; knowing, [that] it was impossible to have kept it from them, especially the Indians, if it were saved, &-c. Then some of the army who were desirous xn pursue the enemy, having heard them driving awii\ their cattle, requested the Colonel to let them go. [He]* did, and gave them their orders. Captain Cooke, and Captain Church to lead the two wings t [they] 2 [the enemy] 3 [who] 4 [on] 5 [who] FRENCH A^D INDIAN WARS. 275 and Lieutenant Barker,* who led tlie Colonel's com- pany, in the centre. And the said Captain Cooke and Captain Church desired Lieutenant Barker not to move too fas-t ; so that he might have the benelit of their assistance, if he had occasion. But t!u; said Lieutenant not being so careful sis he should have been, or at least was too eager, was shot down, and another man, which were all the men that were kill- ed in the whole expedition. f Towards night. Colonel Church ordered some of liis forces to pull down some of the houscrf, and others to get logs and make a fortification for la.s whole army to lodge in, tliat night ; ffiat so tliey might be together. And just before night [hcj or- dered some of his men to go [and] see if there were any men in any of the houses in tlie town ; [aiuij if [there were] not, to set them all on fire, which was done ; and the whole town seemetl to be on iiio uli at once, &c. The next morning the Colonel gave orders to h. ; men, to dig down tiie dams, and let the tide in, t) destroy all their corn, and every tiling tiiat v.as good according to his instructions ;J and to burn t!ie for- tification which they had built tlie day before ; ana when the tide served to put all the plunder whicii they had got into the boats. Tiicn ordering his siti- diers to march a good distance one from anoiiicr. which caused the enemy to think tiiat there were no less than a thousand men, as they said afterwards ; and that the burning of the fortification, and doin;i us thev did, caused tlie enemv to tliink tiiat they were - : ^ m_J_ • Charlevoix, in liis aecovint of the taking of Menis, s-ays. ihat the Lieutenant (Jencral oCthe Enf^lish ibrces, \va-; kiil- cil, by Avhieli the Lieutenant of Church's company is meant. t Penliallow it N. H. Hist. Col. I, 34, says " not above six died in the wiiole expedition." { Thus do governments cause such horrid scenes. But is the crime lessened' Tiiej' are considered right in the trade and custom of war But is it so on that account.' 876 FRENCH AND INDIAN WAUS. gone clear off, and not to return again. But it prov- ed to the contrary ; for Colonel Cliurch and his for- ties, only went aboard their transports, and tiiere staid till the tide served, in the night [they]^ embarked on board their wiialcboats, lauded some of their men, expecting they might meet with some of tlie enemy mending their dams ; which they did. And with their boats went up another branch of the river to another town or village, [and] upon such a surprise, [that they] took as many prisoners as they could de- sire. And it happened that Colonel Church was at tlie French Cajgain's house when two gentlemen came post from the Govcrnour* of Portroyal to him, who was the chief conmumdcr at Menis, with an express to send aw ay two companies of men to defend the King's fort there ; and to give him an account, that there were three English men of war come into Port- royal gut, or harbour; and that the men sent for must be posted aw?.y with all speed. Colonel Church us was said before, being there, treated the two gen- tlemen very handsomely, and told them, [that] he would send them back again post to their master upon his business. And bid them give him his iiearty thanks for sending him such good news, tiiat part of his Hoet was in so good a harbour. Then reading the sununons to them that he had sent to Menis. Further added, that their master, the Governour of Portroyal, must immediately send away a post to the Governour of Canada, at Quebeck, to prevent his further sending any of his cruel and bloody French, and savtiges, as he had lately done upon Deerfield, where they iiad committed such horrible and bloody outrages upon those poor people, that never did [[}nf] • Mons:-ur De Sul)eicase, this year came in to be govern- our of Acadie. Portroyal, [ susijcif • was his principal seat. The next year lie drove tiie Enfflisli liom Newfoundland, and destroyed the r settlements, llohnes li, 65. FREN(5h and INDIAN WARS 277 them any harm, as is intolerable to think of, and that for the future, if any such iiostilities were made upon ou: frontier towns, or any of thorn, lie wouh! come out with a thousand savages, and wlmleboats convenient, and turn iiis back upon them, and let his savages scalp, and roast the French ; or, ul least, treat them as tl>eir savages had treated ours. [lie] also gave them an account of part of that action at Passamequado, and liow that his soldiers had killed and scalped some Canada men there, and would be glad to serve them so too, if he would })cr- mit them, which terrified them very much,* A-.c, The two French gentlemen that came ])o.st, made solemn promises, that they would punctually do the Colonel's message to their Governour. So with the tlesirc of the French people there, that tiie Govorn- our might have this intelligence. Colonel Church dismissed them, and sent tliem away; telling tiit; same story to several of the i)risoners, and what they must e.\pect, if some speedy course were not tiviicu to prevent further outrages upon the English. The number of prisonersf then present, which were con- siderable, did unanimously entreat of Colonel Cljurch, that he would take them under the protection of the crown of Englaiid ; making great promises of their Hdelity to the same ; l)egging with great agony of f^pirit to save their lives, and to protect them from his savages, whom they extremely dreaded. As to the matter of the savages, he told them, [that] it would be just retaliation for him to permit his savages to treat the French in the same manner, as the French with their savages treated our friends in our frontier towns. l?ut as to his taking them un der the jirotection of the crown of England, he nt- • This, the commander ol" Poitroyal, says Kjtchinson, must know to be a gasconade. t Penhallow says, that in lliis expedition one hundred pri' soners were taken. So says Dr. Douglass, I, S07 ; probablj on the same autliority. r- On* t'llENCII AND INDIAN WARS. lerly refused it; urging to tliom, tln.ir former perfi- iliousness. Tliey also urging to liini, that it would be impossible for any French to livu any where in the bay of Fundy, if they were not tuken under the Eng- lish government. For with the benefit of the whale boats, (as the English called thcni) tliey eould take and destroy all their people i]i tlie town of Menis, in one night. But he replied to thi m, [tiiat J it should never be. Alleging to them, t!iat wlieii they were so before, when Por troy al was taken last by the Eng- lish,* that it proved of very ill eoiisecnuMice to the crown of England, and the subjects tiiereof in our frontiers. For that our English tradLTs supplying them, enabled them (which opj)ortuiiity llicy improv- ed) to supply the Indians, our bloody ( lu'uiies; and, therefore, he could make no other terms of peace with them, than, that if the French at iMcnis, Sig- necto, and Canada, would keep at hmn;; with tlieir bloody savages, and not commit any hostiliti* s upon anytof our frontiers, we would return iiouit' and leave them. For that we lived at a great distifiue oil", and had not come near them to hurt tiiem now, had not the b|,ood of our poor friends and brethren, in all the frontiers of our province cried for vengeance. Especially, that late uidieard of barbarity committed * It IS situated on the west side of Novascotia, on a river of the same name, which ilows into tlie bay of Fundy. Men tion has heen made of the expedition to Canada in 1690, un- der Sir William Phijj; tlie reduction of Portroyal was exe- cuted under the same gentleman, in the same year, but pre- vious. It was commanded by Gov. Menival, who built it at)out 1(363. When Pliips took i"t, it was both " ill foitilied and ill provided." See note 1, on paj^e 177. It was in no condition to stand a siege, and submitted without resistance. (Hutch- inson, I, Sa'i.) But it was, in 1705, retaken by the French. Again u. 1710, a huge armament under Col. Nicliolson went against it, of which thoy made an easy conijuest. Thorf were l)ut i260 men to defend it. The English iiad 5 frigates, 5 lower rates, ami 21 transports. Aller it was ta'ren th'; name was changed from Port lioyal to Annapolis royal, which it vet rctauis FRENCH ANt' INDIAN WARS. 279 upon the town of Dcerliold ; vvlucit wrouglit so gene- rally on the hearts of our people, that our forces came out with tliut unanimity u( spirit, both among the English and our savages, that we had not, nor needed a pressed man among tiiem. The Colonel also telling them, that if ever hereafter any of our frontiers, east or west, were molested l)y iIkmu, as formerly, that he would, (if (loil spared his life) and they might depend ujion it, return upon them with a thousand of his savages, (if ho wanted them,) all vo- lunteers, with our whuleboats, and pursue them to the last extremity. The Colonel's warm discourse with them, wrought such a consternation in them, which tiiey discovered by their panick fears and treml)ling, their hearts sen- sibly beating, and rising up, as it were, ready to choke them. [They] confessed, that tiu-y wen; all his pri- soners, and begged of him, for JI'ISUS' sake, to save their lives, and the lives of thiiir poor ftunilies, with such melting terms, as wrought rel»Mitings in tiie Colonel's breast towards them. Hut however, he told them, that his intent was to carry as many prisoners jiome as he could ; but that ho had taken so many, they were more than he had occasion for, nor desired any more; and, therefore, he would leave them. The Colonel resolving the next day to complete all his action at Menis, and so draw oil*. Accordingly, [he] sent his orders to Colonel (lorham and Major Ililton, with all the English companies, both ollicers and soldiers, except some few, which he tliought he might have occasion for, to go with the Indians in the whaleboats, up the eastward river, where a third oart of the inhabitants lived. That so he might ;>revent any reflection made on th(Mn, in leaving any jiart of the service undone. And therefore, in the evening, ordered all the whaleboats to be laid ready for the night's service. And, accordingly when the tide serv- ed, he went with his Indians up th(! river, where they div. some spoil upon the enemy going up. ' aeo FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. In the :norning, several of tlicir transports canie to meet tliom^, to their great rejoicing, whom tliey went on board [of] and soon came up with the whole fleet, with wliom they joined, bending their course directly towards Portrciyal, where they were ordered. Com- ing to Portroyal gut, where their ships were, and call- ing a council according to his instructions, drew up their result, which is as followeth.* " Present all the Field Officers and Captains of the land forces, aboard the province Galley, 4th July, 1 7U1 , in Fortroyal harbour. We whoso names arc hereunto subscribed, having deliberately considered the cause in hand, whether it be proper to land all our forces, to oU'end and destroy as much as we can at Portroyal, all or any part of tiio inhabitants thereof, and their estates, we are of opin- ion, that it is not for our interest and honotir, and the sountry's whom we serve, to land and expose our- selves ; but quit it wholly, and go on about our other business, wc have to do; for this reason, that wc judge ourselves inferiour to the strength of the ene- my ; and, therefore, the danger and risk we run, is greater than the advantage wc can, or are likely to obtain ; seeing, the enemy hath such timely notice, and long opportunity to provide themselves against us; by our ships' lying here in the road about twelve days before we could join them from Menis, where we were during that time, and being so meanly pro- vided with necessaries, convenient for such an under- taking with so small a number of men, not being lour hundred, capable and fit for service to land ; and, understanding, by all the intelligence we can • That any slops should be taken, or even any thing said Rboiit reducing Portroynl, may seem strange, after tlicy had been so peremptorily refused, by the Governour, as has been relate! in the preceding history. See page 233. FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. !J8J get, from both English, and French prisoners, that the fort is exceeding strong. John Gouiiam, lAeut. Col. WiNTuuoi' IIiLTUN, Major, Jno. IhiowN, Jamks Com:, John Cook, Isaac Myuick, John IIaukadon, Constant Ciiuucii, John Dyku, Joshua Lamh, CaLEU WlliliJAMSOV, Edwaiu) Chuuch." " Having pursuant to my instructions, taken the ad- vice of the gentlemen above subscril)e(l, and cor. sidering llie weight of tlicir reasons, I (\o concu therewith. 15KNJAMIN CHURCH." "Whereas Colonel Church hath desired our opin- ions, as to the landing the forces at I'orlroyal, they being but four hundred elVective men to land ; and by all tlie information, both (d" rrench and I'-nglish prisoners, the enemy having a greater number of men, and much better provided to receive, than they are to attack them, we do believe, it is for the service of Uie crown, and the preservation of her Majesty's .^ub- lects, to act as above mentioned. Thomas Smith, Geouok IIOOKUS, CvfiiiAN Southack ' After this they concluded what should be next done, which was, that the ships should stay some day* longer at Portroyal gut, and then go over to ISIount- dcsart harbour, and tiiere stay till Colonel Church with his transports, came to them. Beirig all ready, the Colonel with his transports and forces went up the bay to Signeclo, whore they need- iI82 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. 0(1 not a pilot, being scvnral of thoinwcll acquainted liiere. (And [tlieyj had not met witli so iniuiy di(K- culties at Mcnis, liad it not been timt their pilot de- ceived them, who knevvnolhin;^ of the ni;itier, [and] kept out of the way, and lamleil not wilh tit;. a, thcni ail ho; upon which they all went to Norrigwock.' Also l')ld her tiiat ' wlien the Jlnglisii canic ai-jii-r through l\;nobsct)t, tiiey luul swept it of the ihiialtiliints, as if it had beeii swept with a broom; neiUirr French nor Indians escaping them.' [And,] fur ,ier t"id jier, that when their fathers, the Iriars, Hin' tluj Lidians met together at Norrigwock, ihcy cuUi d a council, and tlie iViars tohl the Indians, that tli( must look out for some other country, i'or that it \ is impossi- ble I'or them to live there.' Al?o told l.n'iu [ihalj 'there was a river called Mossij)ee,f where Miey mignt live {juietly, and no English come near tin ii ; it be- ing as far beyond Canada as it wis to it, cV ' ., and if they wouhl go and live there; tliey wcul;i live and die with them ; but if not they would len ; them, and never come near tliem again.' \\'\. .reupon they all agreed to go away, whieli they did; ;tnd loft t'u.'ir rough household stuff, and corn lioijiu them; iiud went all, except thosi' two, I'or Canada. Also I cr sons giving the same intelligence, si we i ad no le.i-'oii to thiidi, but that it was true. 1 [who] * Nor itln;f>\vnclc. Sfo note 1, on |ia'^i' iSl. t Tl'.c riv(M' Mi.-.-is'-lir,ii 1 Mijiposf was meant 284 FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. f /olonel Church having done what lie could there, embarked on board the transports, and went to Moiintdesart. [He] found no ships tliero, but a rundlet, rid off In' a line in the harbour, whicii he ordered to be taken up. And operting of it, found a letter, which gave him an account that the ships were gone home for Boston. Then he proceeded and went to Penobscot. Where being come, [they] made diligent search in those parts for tlie enemy ; but couhl not find, or make any discovery of them ; or that any had been there, since he left those parts ; which caused him to believe what De Boisses' wife had told him was true. I will, only by the way, just give a hint of what wc heard since, of the effects of this expedition, and then proceed. First, that the English forces tliat went next to Norrigwock, found that the enemy was gone, and had left their rough houseiiold stutf, and corn behind them.* Also, not long after this cx])edition, there were several gentlemenf sent down from Canada, to con- • Ilofcrence is here made, it is thought, to tlio oxpedition under Col. Tlilton, in tlie winter ol" 1705. He with 250 Eng- lisli, and 20 Indians (Dr. Douglass says he liad hut i-iO men) repaired to NorridgcwocU on snow shoes, but found no ene- mies to contend witli. They burned the deserted wiguains, nnd a chapel, and then returned. See BclUnap, !, 263, ami i'enhallov.-, 2S. About tiie satne time an express was ordered with sooav shoes lor tis?" frontiers, but was intercepted by a scout from Montreal, who robbed bini of 50 pounds in money ; which, on being taken to Canada, the Governour converted it into a bowl, and called it the Newengland gift, lb., or N. H. Hist. Sec. Col. I, 43. t Hutchinson, II, Ml, sub anno 1706, mentions that 4 or £ persons were sent to Canavia " for the exchange of prisoners, who brouglit back Mr. Williams, the minister, and many viis t'oriniM'ly takon at Wells ami carried to Canada, was I'rom tlioiice soul to concert the exchange of ])risoners.'* Ho ^,\\i' iiironnation tluit tlicre were about 187 Encilish pihuniMsw ill> the French and Indians. " Ujmn tl>e advice ImtooIV thi' pcrxins Jnentioned Ity Hutchinsoii, were sent to (anadii, and succeeded in rescuing about 60 captives. The l"'rehcli (i()V<'rni>ur was kept in susjxMise by the management of (mi\ ci nour Dudley. He wished for a neutrality, and duv- mg the time, the IVontiers enjoyed peace and tranrjiiiUity. Hutchinson, ih. • V'audreuil. t It appears tliiit ("Iiurcii was censured wrongfullv, and for soivc time, bore the faults, due only toothers, i'^or it !SG FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS. fore and after he came homo. For all his great ex penscs, fatigues and hardships, in and about this ex- pedition, viz., he received of his excellency fifteen pounds, as an earnest penny, towards raising volun- teers. And after he came to receive his deben- ture for his Colonel's pay, there were twoshillings cmd four pence due to him. And as for his Captain's pay* and man Jack ; he has never received any tiling as yet. Also, after he came home, some ill minded per- sons did tlicir endeavour to have taken away his life, for there were some of the French enemy killed, -j [in] this expedition. But his excellency flie Gov ernour, the honourable council, and the house of representatives, saw cause to clear him, and gave him lljanks for his good service doiie.j; was ^2;^ iierally thouglit by Uie jjeoplo, that Col. Clv.ircli \v(!!!t on tins expeilition, lor tlie CNpress jiurposo ol' rctlui'in. though from Johnson and oUiers cited by ilohnes., (I, 207, -208, y it appears probable. Morton, ii5, says tliat it was 1 wo or three years before the settlement of Plynunitli. Prince. Chron. 119, thinks this plague raged as early as 1616 or 17-. § Prince, Chron. 138, and Belknap, Biog. I, 356. ■ N . I 290 APPENDIX. II. Or»flrN OF THE SETTLEMENT OF NEWENGLANl). BiGOTK and superstition began to lose some ground in Mi gland, as early as 1550. And the per- secutions, yn«' sufferings of the early martyrs of re- ligious freedni**, have been the subject of many mas- sy volumes. *n 1 549, a liturgy had been prepared by the bishops, and a law passed botli houses of Par- liament, " that all divine offices should be performed according to it."* The clergy were ordered to conform to the liturgy, under pain of fines and im- prisonment. And, as has always since been the case, among all sects, the new sect, then denominated Pvr- Titans, grew more numerous, in proportion, as tlie severity of persec\non increased. In 1G07, a congregation fled from En.gland into Holland, and in 1G08, were joined by others, and a church was there established, according, as they be- lieved, to the principles of the primitive church of Christ ; having Mr. John Robinson for their pastor. Their removal from England into Holland, was ;ii- tended with the greatest difficulties, and though ovcr- fooked by the chief historians, who have written upon their history, is certainly among the first articles that should be related. It formed a part of a Manuscript History, written by Mr. William Bradford, one of their number, which, though since lostf , was m pos- session of Governour Hutchinson, who copied this valuable part into his "summary of the aflairs of ihe colony of New Plymouth,"^ which is as follows. " There was a large company of them proposed to get passage at Boston in Lincolnshire, and for th;it • Holmes' Annals, I, 50, t At least, it has not been seen since 1775, when the Brit- ish Vandals under Gen. Gage, in a eacrilegious manner, dis- turbed the contents of the old south church, where it was dei> posited. X In his Hist Mass. II, No. I Appendis APPENDIX. 291 end had liircd a ship wliolly to ihemselvcs, and made Rgrecmont vvitli the master to be ready at a certain day, and take them and their goods in at a conve- nient place, where accordingly they wouM all attend in readiness. So after long waiting and large ex- pense, though he kept not day with them, yet he came at length and took them in, in the night. But when he had them and tiieir goods aboard he betrayed them, having beforehand coniplotted with the searcii- ers and other officers so to do. who took tiiem and put them into open boats, and then rilled and ransacked them, searching them to their shirts for money, yea. even the women, further than became modesty, and then carried them back into the to\vn,aiMl made th( in a spectacle and wonder to the multitud wliich came flocking on all sides to behold them. iJeinif thus, first by the catch-poles, rilled and stript of tlieir money, books, and much other goods they were pr(3- sented to the magistrates, and messengers sent to in- form the lords of the council of thein^, and so tliey were committed to ward. Indeed tlie magistrates used them courteously, and showed them wimt favour they could, but could not deliver them till order came from the council table ; but the issue was, that after a month's imprisonment, the greatest part were dismissed, and sent to the })laees from whence thi.-y came, but seven of the principal men were stii! kept in prison and bo-und over, to the assizes. Th.c nvsl spring after, there was another attempt nia.le, by some of these and others, to get over at aiiotlier place. And so it fell out, that they light of a Dutcli- man at IIuU, having a ship of his own belonging to Zealand. They matle agreement with him, ami sm;- (juainted him with their condition, hoping to find more faithfulness in him, than in the fi)rnier of their own nation, lie bade tliem not fear, for he would do well enough, lie was by apppointment to lake them in, between Grindstone* and IIull, where was a !argc • (iriiusliy siiys Belkuaj). I 292 APPENDIX. common, a good way distant from any town. Nov? against the prefixed lime, the womon and children, with the goods, were sent to the place in a smail bark, which they had hired for that end, and tlie men were to meet them by land ; but it so fell out, that they were there a day before the ship came, and the sea being rough and the women very sick, prevailed with the seamen to put into a creek hard by, vvliere they lay on ground at low water. The next morning the ship came, but they were fast and could not stir till about noon. In the mean time, the shipmaster per- ceiving how the matter was, sent liis boat to get the men aboard, whom he saw really, walking about the sijore, but after the first boat-full was got aboard, and she was ready to go for more, the master espied a great company both horse and foot, with bills and guns and other weapons, for the country was raised to take them. Tlic Dutchman seeing that, swore hia country oath, ' Sacramente,^ aiu' having the wind fair, weighed anchor, hoisted sails, and away. After en- during a fearful i^'Lorm at sea, for fourteen days or more, seven whereof they never saw sun, moon nor stars, and being driven near the coast of Norway, they arrived at their desired haven, vviierethe people came flocking, admiring their deliveranci!, the storm having been ^o long and sore, in wliicli much hurt had been done, as the master's friends related to him in tlieir congratulations. The rest of the men that were in greatest danger, made a shift to escape away before the troop coukl surprise them, those only stay- ing that best mi^ht be assisting unto tlie women. But pitiful it was to see the heavy case of these poor women in distress ; what weeping and crying on every side, some for their husbands that were carried away in the ship, others not knowing vvlia'„ should become of them and tli<3ir little ones, crying for fear and quaking with cold. Being apprehended, they were liurried from one place to anothei; till in the end they knew not what to do with them ; for, to imprison so 1... APPENDIX. 293 many women with thoir inno»:cnt ciiildiv for no other cause, many ot" thcTu, but that they wouicl go with their husbands, seemed to bo unnNir Ualt\gh was JiboMt tiiis time,* projecting a settlement in (iuiana, and this olace was first taken under eon8i(l(>ratiou. Here a perpetual spring was promised, and all the beauties of a tropical summ(;r. i?iit considering the diseases shich were so fatal to Muropeans, and their near vicinity to the S[)aniards,-|- the nuijority were against a removal thither. At length, they resolved to make their settlement in north Virginia.! and accordinglv thev sent i'lxents • 1G17. t The Spaniards haJ not ai'tually taivi n ixissnssiou of this country, liut claimeii it. Uelknap, Itir;!;. il, 167. I North America was llirn known nmiiT (he general nanios of north and south Virginia, dividtvl hy tin- uarallel of 40 d. 294 APPENDIX. to England, to obtain a grant from the Virginia com- pany, and to know whetlicr tlio King would grant them liberty of conscience, in that distant country. The Virginia company were willing to grant them such privileges as were in their power, but the bigot- ted James would agree no I'urliier, than " to roniiivo at them, provided they should conduct peatcidily."* The agents returned the next year, I'iis, to the great discouragement of the congregation, ilesolved, however, to make another trial, agents wore scmU again the ne.xt year, and after long and tedious dc- lays,f a grant was obtained, umh'r tlie seal ol the company, which, after all tliis gn-nt trouble and expense, was never used.| Notwithstanding, their removal w;»s not given u[>, and they made ready for their voyage, '• ith wliat ex- peditio.i they could. It was agre< d th;it !i part should go before, to prepare the way; and, a(;cord- ingly, two ships were got ready, one niiincd the Speedwell, of sixty tons, the other llie Ma\ llower, of one hundred and eight tons. Tiiey first went from Leyden to England, and ontlie fdlli of Angu; t, IJJO, they left Southampton for America ;§ but, they were twice Ibrced to return, by reason of the bad state of the lesser ship. It was now agreed to dismiss the Speedwell, and they embarked on board the Mayllower, and, on the sixth of September, again sailed on their intended voyage. I| N. Prince, 180. Its whole extent was from Florida to the bay of Fund y. • Belknap, Biog. II, 170. American Annals, I, 108. t Occasioned hy dissensions among the Virginia company. One treasurer having resigned was displeased witli his suc- cessor. See Bradford in Prince, 151, 15.3. + Because it was taken out in tlie name of a gentleman whom " jirovidencc" separateil from them. § They Intended to have settled somewhere near Hudson's river. II The last port they left was Plymouth. APPENDIX. '29» Such were the transiictionH, and such iho (lifRnil- ties, attending thisjxTSfni'rin;; (•oin|)any of I'ilj^rnns, (as they are truly called) in the griMit utU!ni|>t, to set- tle a colony in America. As no particulars are pre- served of their voyage, we may now leave them until they appear on the coast.* III. LANDING OF TUK I'lLfJUIMS AT IM.VMOUTH. After some difRculties, in a voyage of two months and three days, they fell in with tlu; land of Cape Cod, on the ninth of November. Fimling tliemsidves fur- ther north than they intended to settles they stood to the southward; but soon linding themselves iM-iuly encompassed witii dangerous shoals, tlu; Cai)tai[r[- took advantage of their fears, and bore up again fur the cape; and, on the tenth of Noveinb(;r, anchored in cape Cod harbour.^ On observing their latitude, they found themselves out of the limits of the south Virginia company, Upon which it was hinted by some, that they should now be under no laws, and every servant would have as much authority as his master. JJut the wisdom that had conducted them hither, was sullicient to i)ro- vide against this evil ; therefore, an instrunuMit was drawn and signed, by which they unanimously form- ed themselves into a body politic. This instrument was executed November the eleventh, and signed by fortyonc personc ; that being the number of men, qualified to act for themselves. Their whole number • It is related tiiat in a storm a bi-aiu of tiic sliij) w;is thro\VTi out of its pUce, and that they honan to despair, but some gentleman having a large iron screw, Ity moans of wliicli it was again forced into its place. t Jones. f Tlie Ca] tain of tlie ship was hired ])y the Dutch to land them thus far north, because they claimed the country at Hudson's river, and were unwilling that the Englieli should get any' footing there. See Morton, 13. 29G APPENDIX. consisted of One hundred and one.* was chosen Goveriiour for one year. Jolin CarvcT *Asitmustbft ever "[ratifyinf; to postnritv !•> know the first i"ormoru;ovcrninpnt ever drawn up in the\r country, and the names of tliose who first ventured upon tlie j^reat under- taking, l)oth are here i)rcsentcd to their view, as I find them in Mr. Prince's N. fTnc;. Chronology. In my first edition I copied from Morton, hut on account of some erroiirs in the names of llie signers as given in his Newengland's Memorial I copy from Mr. Prince. However, it is possiltl" that some small errours may exist, even in his list ; for we know, (hat the ciiirograi)liy of IG-20, was vastly dilTereut from that a hundred years aHer ; insomuch, that what Mr. Morton read for an r, might have been taken afterward for a t hy Mr. Prince, &.c., as will a()pear hy com[)aring (ho-e names, in wiiich a dill'erencc is seen, Mr. Morton writes No. 'i5, Joim Craxton, No. 27, Joses Fletcher, No. :20, Digery Priest, No. St, Uichard Bitteridge, and No. 40, fldward Doten. ]I'> also has No. .S-2, Edmund Morgeson, hut that I su|)pn>ie to he a misjirint. IJoth of those authors copied from (Jov. Ilradlord's MS., as Hutchinson perhaps did, whodill'ersfmiu hoth. He writes Nos. 15 and IG, Tilley, No. 20, Ridgsdale, No. 25, Croxton, No. 37, Gardner. IJut the most I'liaccoiintahle .t,§ '2|.S0'l'lH,iiia^AVi11inms§ low, ') SI Fdiiumd Mar'p;('!-on,§ 5 .;;} I'.'irM- Jliowii, 1 M nichar.i I5iitlcri|::e,§ 3i> Gooi^c Sonic, (o/' J\Tr. J I' ins loio's fa tii ilij. .Sfi I? ichard Clark, § .^^7 Richard Gardiner, 3,33 Joiiii Allt'rton,§ 2 ;.S9 Thomas Engli^.h,§ 2 40 Edward Dorey, ( .Sl'll Edward Leister, J 2|(6o/A ofJMi: Hopkins fami/ij.) !) Mr. Christopher Martin*Sl 31 (!ii!icrt Win- 10 Mr. Wm. Mnllins,*§ 11 Mr. Wm. Willie,*^ 12 Mr. IJichard Warren, f IS ,li)hn Ilowland, (in ('a,- vcr^s famihj.) 1-1 Mr. Stephen "llopliins,* 15 Edward 'rillv,*§ Iti John Tillv,*§ 17 Francis C'oolv,t 18 'I'honias l{,op;cr«,§ 10 Thomas Tinker,'§ ilO John Ri.lt!;dalc,*§ 21 Edward Fullcr,»§ ii2 John Turner, § ,sj ]0l The above names having; this mark • at the end broimht their wives with them. Tiiose with tliis f did not. Tho^^e wilii this ^ died helnre the end of IVIarch. The llu;ures at the end ot the names denote the number in each laniily. • To reduce old style to new, eleven davs are added ; thdVe- fore, the 22 December is celebrated a.s' tho landing of llio Forefathers. -ra 1 1 k.i 298 APPENDIX. r»f a convenient place for settlement. T/iey saw five liulians whom they followed all day, l)iit could not overtake them. The next day they discovered seve- ral Indian- graves ; one of wiiich they opened, ond found some rude implements of war ; a mortar, and an earthen pot; all which they took care to re- place ; being unwilling to disturb tiic sopulciires of the dead. They found under a small mound of earth, a cellar curiously lined with bark, in which v^as stored a ({uantity of Indian corn.* Of this they took as much as they could carry, and returned to the ship. Soon after, twentyfour others made the like ex- cursion, and obtained a considerable (piantity of corn, which, with that obtained before, was about ten bushels. f Some beans were also found. J This discovery gave them great encouragement, and j)er- haps prevented tlieir further removal ; it also saved them iiom famine. After considerable discussion, concerning a place for settlement, in which some were lor going to Aga- wam,§ and some not so far, it was concluded to send out a shallop, lo make further discovery in the bay. Accordingly, Governour Carver, with eigiileen Or twenty men, set out on the sixth of December, to <'X- j)lore the deep bay of Cape Cod. The weather was very cold, and the spray of the sea lighting on them, tliev were soon covered with ice, as it were, like coats of mail. At night having got to the bottom of the bay, they discovered ten or twelve Indians, al)out a league of!', cutting up a grampus ; who, on "*{)(■ (livers colours wliich spciiipiI to tiiem a very p;oo(ll_v sight, having seen none before." Morton, 18. t Holmes' Annals, I, 201. t This was not hardly right, jicrhaps, hut Morton, N. E. Mcnioral, 10, says, that in " About ^ix months alter they gave thein full satisfaction to their coii'Lent." § Ipswich is supjjosed to have been meant, as it was kr.owB ty that nan\e in a former voyage. APPENDIX. 299 diso(>V(>riiid their arms, and then they were put to Higiit. One, liowever, more eourug»>ous than the rest, took a positicjn be- lii»ul a tre(<, and withstood several voilc,'^ of shot, discharging arrows himself at tiic same time. At length a shot glancing upnn the side of tin; tn-e, hurled tlie bark so about his head that he thoii;:ni: it time to escape. Eighteen arrows were picke.l up by the I'lnglish, after the battle, which they sent to their friends in England, as curiosities. Some were headed with brass, and others with horn and bone. The phuM' wli(>re this happened, was on this account, called t!ie Fii'sst Encoanfcr.'( 'J'lu; company, alter leaving this place, narrowly escap(>d being cast away : but they got sale on aii uninhabited island. J where they i)assed t!ie night. • ^'.()l■t^>n atnl Holivnap. t Morton, 'i'2. It wasbol'ore callod XamsUckcl. lb. 21. Pr. HolUiiap, IJio^. II, 202, .says, "A creek which now ti',«is(ln' niUMc of ^'A'n/i'//, lies betwrcii ]''^a->lhani aiuJ Hai- vvi,l( ; distant alioul 3 or 4 iiiilcs w('s(w;ira iVoin Nausft ; tlie t at ol' a tril)i> of liuliaii", wlio (a-; \h<:\ al'terAvarils learned) ipailc this attack." I This they callcl "Clark's Island, liecause Mr. Clark, tho master's mate. liv^J -'\<'\\ ''d a>iio;e th' icdn." Morton, 24. m 300 APPENDIX The next day, December the ninth, tliey dried their clothes, and repaired their vessel, which had lost her mast, and met with other damage. The next day they vested, it being Sunday. The day following, they found a place, which they judged m for settle- ment ; and, after going on shore,* and disoovering good water, and where there had been cornfields, re- turned to the ship. This was on the Eleventh of December, 1620, and is the day celebrated as the FoUKFATHERS' D.VY. On the fifteenth, the siiip came into the new har- bour. The two following days, the people went on shore, but returned at night to the ship. On the twentythird, timber was begun to be pre- pared for building a common store house. f The next day, the cry of Indians was heard, but none np- peared. On the twentyfifth, the first house was be- gun. A fort was built on the hill, soon after, (wiiere the burying ground now is) which commanded tU<' tftwn and harbour; and, they were diligently em- ployed, until a town was laid out; to which thoy gave the name Plymouth, on account of the kind treat- ment they received from the people of Plymouth in * A larf!;e rock near the water, pai(i to be the j)lace where they first stejiped ashore, is shown witli a degree of veneration liyihe inhabitantsof Plymouth. Itisagranite ofa reilisli ca?t, anil lias long since been nearly levelled with the surface of the ground. A large fragment has been placed near the head of the main street, where it is made a rendezvous for boys in pleasant evenings. This, as well as the jiart from which it was taken, sutlers occasionally under the force of a dull axe, to add to the entertainment of the story of the trav- eller. t Their provisions and goods were held in common by the company, at (irst, but it was soon found by the wise leaders, that this method was not practicable, and it was soon dro|)- ped. Perliaps the chief mover of this wise measure was Gov. uradford, as it was adopted in his administration. See Bel- knap, Biog. II, 23-2, 3. u^ APPENDIX. 301 Enghmd, aiul that being the place in their native country from which they hist sailed.* In January, 1()21, their store liouse took fire, and was nearly consumed. Most of the people now were sick, and Governour Carver and Mr. Bradford were confined in the store house, when it took fire. In March, an Indian came boldly into the town, and saluted them with these words, "Welcome English- men ! Welcome Englishmen !" This was uttered in broken English, but was clearly understood. Ills name was Samoset, and he came from the eastward, where he had been acquainted with some fishermen, and had learned some of their language. They treated him with kindness, and he informed them, that the great Sachem, Ma»sassoit,f was coming to visit them ; and, told them of one Squanto, that was well acquainted with the English language. He left them, and soon after returned, in company with Mas- sassoit, and Squanto. | This Indian continued with the English as long as he lived, and was of infinite service to them, lie showed them how to cultivate corn, and other American productions. About this time, (beginning of April) Governour Carver died. Soon after, Mr. William Bradford was chosen. The mortality that began soon after their arrival, had before the end of March, carried oft' for- tyfour of their number. Such was the beginning of Newengland, which is now, alone, a formidable nation. At the death ot the first Governour, it contained Fifty seven Europe- • It is remarkable that Captain Smith had called this place Plymouth in his map of Newengland. Dr. Belknaj) says, that it wcs j)artl.v on this account that it was now so called. + For the particulars of Massassoit's visit to the Pilgrims. see page 133, and note 1. i He was one of those carried off by Hunt, (see page 289) and got from Malaga to England ; and was entertained by a gentleman in London, wlio employed him to Newfoundland, and other parts. He was at last brought into tliese parts by air. Thomas Dcrmer. Morton, 27, 23. S02 APPENDIX. an Inhabitants, and at the end of two hundred years, it contained upwards of one milhon six hundred thousand. As it was rriv design, only to Jiccompany the Pil- grims until they were seated in the wilderness, I shall now dismiss the engaging subject, witli a short reflection. Perhaps the annals of the world do not furnish a parallel to the first peopling of No'.england ; as it respects purity of intention, jiMlgiuent and fortitude in its execution, and in sustaining for a series of years, a government, that secured the liappine.-s of all. An object of admiration, justly increasing on every suc- ceeding generation, in proportion to the remoteness of time. Founded on ilie genuineness of those au- thorities, who, without the least shade of fable, have transmitted to us their true liistory : rendered pecu- liarly interesting, from its minuteness of detail, even beyond what could have been expected. Insomuch, that no one can read, without the deepest interest in their situations ; and seciniiig, as it were, to live over those days with them, and to gain a perfect ac- quaintance with a Carver, a Bradford, a Winslow, and, indeed, the whole train of worthies. IV.- -HISTORY OF THE PEqUOT WAR. While the number of English inhabitants was small, their troubles with the Indians were easily set- tled. But as is natural to mankind, as they increas- ed in numbers and wealth, they were too proud to court the favour of the natives. And notwithstand- ing, great tribute is due to the memory of our venera- ble forefathers, for their almost unexampled resolu- tion, perseverance, and above all, fortitude and wis- dom, yet they were men, and accountable only as men. " There was a nation of Indians in the southern parts of Newengland, called Pequods seated on a APPENDIX. 303 fair navigable river,* twelve miles to the eastward of the mouth of the great and famous river of Connecticut ; who (as was commonly reported about the time when Newengland was first planted by the English) being a mote fierce, cruel, and war- like people than the rest of the Indians, came down out of the more inland parts of the continent, and by force, seized upon one of the goodliest places, near the sea, and became a terror to all their neighbours, on whom they had exercised several acts of inlmman cruelty ; insomuch, that being flushed with victories over their fellow Indians, they began to thirst after the blood of foreigners, English and Dutch, f that ac- cidentally came amongst them, in a way of trade or upon other accounts. " In the year 1G34, they treacherously and cruel- ly murdered Captain StoneJ and Captain Norton, § who came occasionally with a bark into the river to trade with them. Not Ions; after within the compass of the next year,]] tlicy in IdvC treacherous manner, slew one Mr. 01dham,1[ (formerly belonging to New Plymouth, but at that time an inhabitant of Massa- chusetts) at Block island,** a place not far from tlio mciutli of ihcir harbour, as he was fairly trading with thern."ff * Mystic river. t Some cf tlie Dtitch that belonged !o Manhattans, now Newyovic, had a tradiry; liouse on Connecticut river, and in some dilliculties ^vith the iii'Hans some were killed. f Captain Stone was froi St. Christophers, and came to trade in Connecticut river ;i the Dutch house. Hist. Con. 1,70. § Norton was of Massachus^ :fs and killed the same timf>. lb. II It was in 1636. IT Some difficulty was occasioned with Mr. Oldham, on ac- count of religious matters, and he was banished out of Mas- sachusetts, but was afterward permitteii to return. For a valuable memoir of him, sec Mr. Savage's edition of Wio- throp's Hist. I, 80. »• About 20 miles S. S. W. of Newport. R. I tt Hubbard's Narrative. 304 APPENDIX. How much cause the Indians had for these outra- ges Me cannot tell ; they say, that captain Stone sur- prised some of their men, and forced them to pilot him up the river, and that on his coming ashore, with two others, was killed while asleep. The English account is as follows. Having entered the river, Stone hired some Indians to pilot two of his men up the river, who at night went on shore to sleep, and were murdered by tlieir pilots. About a dozen of those Indians, who had been trading with Captain Stone, went on board his vessel, and murdered him, as he lay asleep in his cabin, and threw a covering over him. The men were murdered as they appear- ed, one after another, except captain Norton, who de- fended himself in the cook's room, until some pow- der tliathehad in an open vessel for the quick load- ing of his gun, took fire, and so burned him ihat he could resist no longer. Mr. John Oldham was murdered at Block island by some of them, or at least the murderers were shel- tered by them. One Gallop, in his passage from Connecticut, discovered Mr. Oldham's vessel, and on coming near, found the deck to be covered with In- dians. Gallop now suspected that they had killed Mr. Oldham. He hailed them, and they gave no answer, but made oil' as fa.-t as they could ; he made for them, and was soon i'.|) with them; fired among them, and drove all from the deck. His crew being small, would not ventnru to board, and so stood olf and took the force of the wind, and ran down upon them, and nearly overset their vessel. Six of them were so frightened, that they leaped overboard and were drowned. He again stood olf, and so lushed his anchor, that when he came down upon them again, it bored through the bows of t!ie Intiians' ves- sel, and four or five more jumped overboard and were lost. The vessels now stuck fast together, and they fought side by side, until they drove all below again ; and then Gallop boarded them, and as tiiey veutur- i APPENDIX. 305 ed up, were taken and bound. lie not liavin^ places convenient to keep them all, threw one into the sea. They found the body of Mr. Oldham^ covered over with a sail, with his head cleft to the brains. In this action, Gallop had with him but one man, and two boys. On board of Mr. Oldham's vessel were fourteen Indians ; two or three of whom got in a hole below, and could not be drove from it. Captain Gallop then fastened the vessel to his, in order to take her in, but in a gale she was broken olf and lost. The same year, 163G, the government of Massa- chusetts sent Captain Endicott with ninety men to avenge these murders, in case the murderers were noj delivered up, and restitution made for the losses sustained. The Narragansets, wlio had some hand i« the murder, now submitted to the terms ollbred by the English. Captain Endicott proceeded to Block island, having with him Cajitain .John Uiuler- hill, and Captain Nathaniel Turner. At their arrival they were met by about forty Indians, wlio all fled into thickets, where they could not be found. Tlioy burned sixty wigwams, and destroyed about two hun- dred acres of corn, and all their canoes, tiien sailed for the Pequot country. On their arrival in Piiiiuot harbour,* several hundreds collected on the shore but on learning the business of the English, lied into the v^oods. The men were landed on both sides of the river, and the Indians fired some arrows at them i'rom behind the rocks and bushes. One or two of the enemy were killed, but no object was eilectcd, and the troops returned to Boston. Captain Underhill and twenty men were to pro- ceed from thence to Saybrook fort, and strength- en it. But being wind bound, they went on shore to titkc some Indian corn, and were surprised by a large •At the mouth of Pequot river, now caiied the tivea Thames. .fl 306 APPENDIX body of the enemy, who fought them most of the afternoon. They, however, put tlie Indians to llight, and embarked on board their vessel. One man only was wounded, but they concluded that a number of the enemy were lulled. As nothing now was expected but war, thf? t«ng- lish took measures to secure the friendi^hlp 0? t'le Narragansets, which they efrected. TheyTv^d much to fear, in case they should join with the Pequots, being vcrv numerous, tiieir warriours being esiimat- ed at five thousand. Endicott's ill success rather emboldened them than otherwise, and in the next April, 1037, six men were killed near Weathersfield, and several women were captivated. In all thirty had been killed since the first disturbances took [)lace. Vigorous measures were now resolved upon by tbe people of Connecticut, who raised ninety men; and shortly after, tlie other colonies united in the com- mon cause.* The Connecticut troops, under Cap tain Jo-lin Mason, on the tenth of May, accom))a!iie(] lyy about seventy ?,Ioliegan Indians, under Umcju their Sachem, embarked down the river for Sayhiuok fort; where, after making j)roper arrangements, thi-y * The Massaclmsctts forces were on their march t.) Join those of Connecticut, "when they wereretarrhMJ hy tlieinnsi ginguUr cause tliat ever induenced the ojierations oC a mili- tary force. ^Vhen they were mustered previous to lli!'ir de- parture, it was found that some of tlie olficers, a-; am-II a^ the i)rivate soldiers, were still under a covenant of Wink-; and tliat the blessing of God could not be implored or <":|u'c(- ed to crown the arms of such unhalloweil men with sntr'"^<. Tlie alarm was general and many arrangements nece'sc v in order to cast out the unclean, and to render this little li;i;, !' Butliciently pure to fight the battles of a people who en, ■!. tained high ideas of their own sanctity." Iiol)ertson's 11 >;. America, II, Book X. Thus while the Boston men wrie m war with the spirits of darUnoss, as tliey imagined, the Con- necticut men under Mason were left alone to light the luopt' dangerous Pequots, as will presently be seen. *Cc-naiaiing or 'JOO. APFRNDIX. 3m marched to NaiTa/^iiiisct hay. l[i ro llicy ('Ujrw^aa a lur<;e '• "y of tlu; iNarruuJuiscts, us auxiliaries, and tlicii procu.'cdcd to Nilmiilic,* \v}?cro tlicy arrived. May twciilylourtli. The next inoriiiutj thry wcro joinodby unollicr Itodv of" the i\arra,i,'atist;ts, wliicli u\\uU\ llicir liidiiui I'orru ainnimt to near livt! himdriMl men. Alifr inarcliiiiir twelve miles, to J'awcaturk river, Captain Mason halted to relresii his men. Tiw! weathiT was ex- tremelv hot, and tlu; men snll'ered ver\ mntdi. Ills Ni Marraganset men now l(>arnin rf»cks,f and two honrs before day, made ready to attack the I'ort. Tliey yet had two mdes to march, wITudj took them mitil near the dawn oi'd.iv. The fort w IS on tlxMop o| a hdl. and no time must iu- lost in makinu; tiie attac lien- tnend In. I laiis now chiefly deserted tliem. and ihcv di\i(h'd t!;eMiselves into two divisions, for the b-iielit ol" atlaekini'; thiislimen X'lii;'' :'"\N' 'liscdvei ed, they in-tantly di-char'i'ed tln'on^h the palif-ides, and then rnslied into ih(; fort sword ia l\aiid. Ilerf- the battle was yowr", and fur some time d(>ul>tlui As the moment !;rew .more critic'iLMa-^ou liinn;iht c ♦lie last expedient, and cried out, W e mii>l l)i(rn th cm »V'e must burn them r' a IK I tal. re ■ iv V were a. I lU a. hi I'le n a In I-vnip. t"n.-t wr"Pii Iwo.brir'' rni!;s in (Jroion, sinco callftl IVnUi'a rocks." 'I'nnuliiiU, !, H.1 308 APPENDIX. moment. Tiie Ennlisli then formed ii circlt; about the fort, and all that ventured out to escape tlie (lames, were imnuHliatelv hliot down. Dreadful now was the work of death. Some perishing in the Humes, others climbing over the palisades, were no sooner up than siiot down. Uncas, in the mean time, had come up and formed a r;irclo in the rear, and in a little more than an hour, the work was com- plete. Six or seven hundred Indians were slain, and but two of the Englisl;, and sixteen wounded. TJie army now began the retreat, and a body of the enemy were soon seen in pursuit ; but a few shot kept them at a distance. Tijis body of the enemy had not been in the battle, and on arriving at the fort, and beholding the dismal spectacle, beat the ground with rage, and tore tiK'ir hair in desj)air. The English arrived at their homes in about three weeks from the time they set out, and flic people were greatly rejoiced at their success. Sa;»;acus, the chief of the Pequots, and most of his people, now Hed and left their country. But after some time, it was discovered, that a great body of them were in a swjimp to the westward. Troops, therefore, were sent from Massachusetts, who joined others from Coimecticut, and ti)ey iinniedifitely marched under the command of the valiant Mason, in pursuit of them. On the thirteenth of July they arrived at the fatal swamp. Some of the English ruslied in, but were badly wounded, and rescued with dilliculty. At lengtli they surrounded the swamp, and the fight continued through the most of the night. ]ly the help of a tliijk fog, many of the war- riours escaped. About twenty were killed, and one hundred and eighty captivated, who were divided iciiiong the Narragansets and Moliegans. Sassacus, with a few of his chief men, fled to the Mohawks, who, at the request of tiie Narragansets, cut oft' his APPENDIX. sod bead; and thus terminated (ho PiMjunt war.*' No- tliint; of great moinont occurred until the time of Philip. V. IIF.MAINS OV l'nil.ll''s WAIl. It is intended hero, to narrate the most impnrtntit circumstances in the progress of that war at liio eastward, in Maine and Newhampshire. It was g(!nerally tiiought, that I'hiliphad oxcitod all of the Indians throughout Ncwriigland, fo rise with him in the war. While this lia^ lieen doubted by some, others think it proi)abh;, tliat his endeavours were used even anioiig the distant tribes of Virginia. f IJ.ov»ever this might have been, it is certain, tliat with- in twenty days from the; time the w.vr begun in Suan- zey, it began tobla/.e at the distance of two hundred miles, even at the northeasterly extremity of New- england. But the war at the eastward is said to hav;; grown out of the foolish conduct of some of the in- habitants. All insult was oIIimcmI I(» tin; wife of ycjuando, a chief Sachem ou the river Sat;o. Some irregular sailors, having heard tiiat young Indians could swim naturally, likc! those of the brute creation, met the wife of Sciuando with an inlant ciiild in a canoe, and to ascertain the fact, (»verset it. The child sunk to the bottom, but the mother diving dov-n, immecliately brought it up without apparent iiiim.;-. However, it fell out, tiiat IIum hild died shortly after, and its death was imputed to tin; treatment it had rv- ceived from the saih^rs. 'riiis'so cut aged the c\\wA\ that ho only waited a lit time to coiumene*; hostili- lies. Other catises of the war W(>.r(! not wanting all alonii the eastern frontier. A lett(;r was received at * It was tiic rellcction U|ioii liio lalo (iflliis diici' I'luiinus na- tion, that gavfi riseto those- l)eaiitil'ul tiiul synipathcliclc linps in Dwight's tlrcentiplil lull, Part the I'muth, which see in note 'i topagc 14G of Pliilip's war. t See Hubbard, Nar. 262. ;jio ^PPFNDIX. K(!rui(!l)eck, from Y«)rk, tlio <;I('V(Mitli July, UtT^, j/it- iiii; accouiit of tlic war at the. wcstwafl, iuni that rm.aiis wen; usiiiij to disarni llii; iialivrs aloiiL; tlio slion;. Had till' Indians ciilritaiiicd no ideas «)l'wur b»;fon!, they ccrtaiidy woidd Ik- jusiiliiul in niidiini^ war npoii any that were about to dcpiivc tlicni ol' iho means of self defence, iiow niiieli have ilw. Spar- tans, tmder J^conidas boon celebrated for their answer to\ erxes, when ho endeavoured to per^nadi! Ilienj to f(.-nd (!rs oi Tl ler- mop) ill :in attem|)t to force the In.liaii' to ddivi^r up their arms atKemiebock, one behnif^iii!;: to the Kiii^- llsh came near bein:th w;m settled, 1)V promises and hostages on the part of tlu; Indians. I>iit throuiiii the supinencss of their kei'|)ers. tho hostages found means to escape ; and, nieetinir with somt; of their fellows, proceeded to I*ej(;pscot, wiierc; they plunder- ed the house of one Purchase, an early |)Ianter, ami known as a nuh-r anionic them. 'J'he men were not at homo, but no incivility was (iU'ered to the women. This was in S(!ptember, lOT.'). About twentylive of the Jwurlish marched out to take roveiii'! for what had Ix'cn done. They went up (Jasro bay. and landed near the mouth of tlu; An- droscoL:ntii, Thursday, a man was shot olf his horsi>, as lie was riding between two garrisons :it Newichwaunock. Not f;ir from the same phice two others were sliot di'ad the s;mic day. Ai)oMt the same lime, an ohl gentleman, by the name of Ueard. was killed, and his head cut olf and set noon a pole. This was nt OystiM- river. On Saturday, the si.\- leciilh, ubcMit a hundred Indinns appeared at Newich- wannotds, (!'»(>rwi(dv now) a short distance from the upper garrison, where liiey killed one Tozer, and eap- tur<>d his son. Tlu; guns alarmed Lieutenant Plais- ted at \\u\ next garrisim, who, with seven men, went out on a discovery, but fell into an ambush; two or three were killed, and the others (^scai)cd to the gtir- rison, wheri! they were* closely besieged. In this perihius situation, [/ieuten;int IMaisted wrote a letter to Major Waldron for help, but he was not able to afford any. The next day Plaistcd ventured out with twenty men to bury the dead, but was again ambush- <'d, aiul his men rny next nppeared at Sturgeon creek, about th(> latter end of tlio .month, and attacked (.'ap- lain l''rost\s house, wiiich was preserved only by a stratagem. I'rost had only three boys with him, laut by giving ordti's in an imperious tone, for some to march here, and others to fn(" there, that the Indians 314 APPENDIX. thoiiclit he had a great many men, so went olF and Icil iiim. The next(hiy they appeared aixainst Ports- nioiuJi, on tlie Kittery sick;, wliere they killed one man and burned his house. Some shot {rum a can- non bein^ thrown among them fiom a Ijattery oil I'ortsnionih side, they thought hcht to disappear. A i)arty of English pursued them, and recovered most of their ])lunder, hut killed none, ir.um after a iiouse and two or three barns were burnc.i atQucjche- eo, and three or four persons killed about Il.xeter and Lampreyeel river. At Casco bay. Lieutenant Tngersol's son, with another man, were killed, while out hunii.'ig. Many houses were also burned. At IJl.iek point, Lieuten- ant Augur with his brother were killed. Captain ^Vineol of Newichwannoek, marehed this way for the relief of his fritmds, with id)out i()urteen m(;n. Ho soon had askirmisli with the enemy, and lost two or tiu'ee of his men. Soon alter, as they were niareh- ing along on the sea side, they were beset by agresit body of Indians; but, chancing to get h;;hind some tind>er, from whence they (h^all willi tlicr.i with such etl'eet, that they soon took to the womis, and the Mnglish escaped in a canoe. P/ut niiie men from Sae(j, having heard the firing, cauK! out to assist their f(-jlows. and fell into an ambush, and were ;dl killed. 'j'wo persons were killed at Weils in tlie beginning of winter. At the same ])laee, one Cross and one Isaac Cousins were also killed about a we<.'k after. Depreciations were suspended on account of the severity of winter. But before the suspension, up- wards of fifty people had been killed and taken, in (he mean tim(>. ;i |)eace was conchah.'d through the mediation of Major W'aldron, which, s;iys j\lr. Hub- bard. " i.)ight have remained fuin eiiougli to tiiis diiy, had there not been too just an occasion given Iv.rtiic breaking of the same, by tin; wicked practice of some jewd {)ersons which opened tlu; door, and miide way for the bringing in all those sad calamities and niis- HA I ,3 1 APPENDIX. ;i5 thicfp, that Iiavo since fiillon upon those parts of the coiiiitry." liut tills may be considered as the end of Pliilip's war in the east, altliough froni other causes a war continued til! KJTS. Many of Phih|)'s Indians mixed with those at the eastward after t!ie fall of that chief, in hopes of cscapifis; detection. For they liad seen even tjiosc who delivered themselves up, executed, therefore, they were apprised of their fate. Some that had killed Thomas Kiinbal of Bradford, and carried oil' his family, soon after restored them witii the hopes of pardon, but it being doubted whether this vViis a suliicient atonement for the whole, they (three of them) were thrown into Dover jail. Tiie jirisonors considering tiiis only as a prelude to their future punishment, broke jail, and iled to join the Kenne- l)eck and Androscoggin Indians. Through tluiir in- lluence another (puirrel was begun. • The next remarkable occurrence was tiu; caj)lure of the four hundred Indians at (iuocheco.- For other particulars the reader is rtiferred to Mather's Magnalia, and Belknap's Xe\vhamj)shire. VI. TUE IU)LD f:XI'LOiT OV HANNAK UCSTAN. This took place in the latter part of Castine's JVar, or as others term it '■'■King IVilllanis War f but as it is evident that Castine was th(! y\\\\'( mover of it, it nmy very properly be calh.'d Ccslincs liar. On the fifth of March, I(i'.)S, the Indians made a descent on Ilaveriiill in Massachusetts, in which they ti'«k and killed thirtynine |)ersons, and burned al)out M liiili'a dozen houses. In the (Miset, the house <»f a \.\\\ Dustan was fallen upon, and his v.ife, wlio had J n in but a wefk before, and hrr nurse, Mary Netl", were taken. Mr. Dustan was absent when the In- * Xn ai-coniit nfllip alVai:' i» u;iv('!) uitli llie history of Ma 'or \\'al»h'oi» in \w tliiiii nnln to \yA^>- ItJi. 316 APPENDIX. (lians first appeared about the town, and on hearing tiie alarm, ran to the assistance of his famiiy. Mcct- ini^ seven of his cMldren near liis honsc, ordenid them to run, and mi-..e their escape to some garrison in tiie town, while lie entered the house with intent to help his wife escape. She left her bed at the vv-arning, but the near approach of the Indians, wotihl udnut only of a 'l>ing retreat; this Mr. Dustan saw wiis impossible, from the weak state of his wife. A moment of horrour and despair brooded over him ; in which he had to choose whether ho would stay ;uul suifcr with her, or make his escape. lie resolved on the latter, knowing that he could be no assistance to her, amidst an army of savages ; and, that he mighl be to his children, in facilitating their escape. The Indians were now upon them, but he having a horse, fled before them, and overtook his children, ab >!il forty rods from the house ; some one of which, he in- tended to have taken on the horse with him, and s.i escape. But now he was at a loss, for which one t i take, he knew not; therefore, he resolved to iiice about, and defend them to the last. Some of the enemy drew near and fired upon them, and Mr. Dus- tan being armed, also fired upon the Indians, at which they gave over the pursuit, and returned l(. share the spoils of the house. Mr. Duslan and his seven children (from two to seventeen years of agi-) got safe to a garrison, one or two miles olf, where we must leave him to bewail the many supposed deatiis of his wife and infant child. The Indians, bcMug about twenty ia number, in the niean time, seizei'ie in a profound sleep. Care was taken by a ision of the enemy into small j)artics, to attack e^f louse at tiie same instant. Ik-fore the people weio risen iiom their beds, the enemy were in possession of th(;ir dwellings, and commencted the most inhuman barbarities. In an instant the whole village was wra|)])ed in a general llamo. Women were ripped up, and their infants dashed against the posts of their doors, or cast into the Jlames. Sixty persons perisli- ed in the massacre, and about thirty were ca]»tivat- ed. The rest lied naked in a terrible storm and deep snow. In the flight, twentylive of these unhappy fugitives lost their limbs, through the severity of the season. The enemy consisted of about two hundred French, and a niunbrr of Caghnuagaf Indians, und(;r the comniand of D'AiUebout, I)e Mantel, and Le Moyne. Their first design was against Albany, but having been two and twenty days on their march, they were leduced to such straits, that they had thoughts of surrendering themselves jirisoners of nar. The In- * About 14 rnilos above Albany, on ll)c west sitle of the Mobawlv. The country around is a samly barren, on which account it was ca' ^'il Sciiencclatla. t Tliis Cafijhnuaga is in Canada. There is another on tlie Mohav.'k river, fi inilcs below Johnston, but the inliabi- lanls iiere spell it Caughnewagi. APPENDIX. 319 dians. therefore, a(lvise(i them to Scheiiuctada : and it seems tliat tho accounts, which*tl»eir scouts uavc! them of its fatal security, was the only circurnstan(;(3 which determined them to make an attempt, ev(Mi upon this. The enemy pillajrcd tlie town, and went otf with the j)huKler, anti about forty of tin; Ix'st horses. The rest, with all the cattle th(;y could fuid, were left shu:<^hteii;(i in the streets. The success of the enemy seems to luive been principally owinains to ffive him a ])roper reception. He crossed the river with twelve hundred men, and encamped at La Praire. Schuy- ler attacked and put to llight his out posts and In- dians, pursued them to the fort, and on that com- menced a brisk attack. He had a sharp and brave action with the French regulars, and afterward forc- nig his way through a body of the enemy, who in- tercepted him, on his return, made good his retreat. In these several conHicts, the Major slew of the ene- my, thirteen officers, and in the whole three hundred men ; a greater number than he carried with him into the tield."+ Before this, in 1GS8, twelve hundred warriours of the Sixnations, made a descent on the island of Mon- treal, slew a thousand of the inliabitants, and carried olf twcntysix prisoners, whom they burnt alive. About three months alter, they attacked the island again, and weni olf with nearly the same success. " These expeditions had the most dismal consecjuen- ces on the alliiirs of tiie French in Canadu." They had 1 garrison at lake Ontario, which they now aba/i- doned, and fled in canoes down the Cadarackui in the night; and, in descending the falls, a grent num- ber of men were lost. 'J \y^ warriours then took pos- session of the garrison, nnd twentyseven barrels of powder fell into their li.inds. JNothing but the ignor- ance of the Sixnations, in the Euro]K;an art of war, saved Canada from total ruin ; and, vvliut will ever be lamented, the colonies, through the caprice f>f their Eurojjcan lords, were unable to lend them any assist- ance. VV'ith a little help from the Engii^!i,a period would have been put to the torrents of blood that • Trumbull, I, 221, but at SOI, In- spells it as sCeu in iMiil- i',)'s war, page 68 except that he used but one t t Ibid. 221-225. APPENDIX. 321 flowed until, tho coiKjucstby tlio iiimiorlul Wolf and Amherst, in 17C0. IX. DKSTlinCTIO.V Oi' OKKUFIKl,!). In 1703, the jilan wns h>"d to cut ofl* tite front'tf inliabitants of NexCcnghind, from one cxticiuity to the other, but it was not fully (wecutcd. Though the eastern settlements from Cusco to Wells were ile- stroyed, and one Inuidred and thirty people killed ai.d taken, the western frontiers remained unmolested, and were lulled into a fatal security. From the In- dians that traded at Albany, (.'ol(»nel Schuyler receiv- ed intelligence of a design in Canada to fall upon iJeerfield, of whic'* the inliabitinits were iid'ormed in May. " The design not being carried into execution in the course of the summer, the intelligence was iiot enough uogarded. Ihit tho next winter, 170 1, M. Vaudrieul, [Vaudreuill (1' »crnour of Canada, re- simied the ])roject with nnich attiMition." The history of this aliidr from the accomplished historian of Vermont, J)r. Sanniel Williams, is per- haps more particidarly interesting, iis he is an iuune- diate descendant of a principal sulferer, the llev. John William^, I give it in his own words. " Dccrlield, at that time, was iIk; most nordicrly settlement on Connecticut river, a lt;w famili(,'s at iVorthfield exce|)ted. Against this place;, M. V'au- dri(nd sent out a. ])arty of about three lunidrcd French and Indians. Tliey were |)Ut under the coinmand of llertel de ilouville, assisted by lour of his brothers; iiU of uhich had been traiiuul up to tlu; business by their filher, who had been a famous parti/an in their (ornier wars. 'J'Ih; route they took, was by the way of Lake Champlain, till they cam*! to the French river, now called (.)nion river. Advancing up that stream, they j)assed (tver to Coimecticut river, and travelled on the ice till they cnine near to Deerfield. Mr. Williams, their minister, had been much appre- o 322 APPENDfX. hensive of diingcr, nnd attemptod to make the snma imj)nipproach. The whole village was carried in a f 'W hours, and with very little resistance; one of the; ;: ir- rison houses only, being able to hold out against the enemy. Having carried the place, slain .fortyscvcn of the inhabitants, captured tlie rest, and plundered the \ il- lage, the enemy set it on fire; antl an hour after sun rise on the same day, recreated in great haste. A small party of the Knglish pursued them, and a skirmisli ensued the same day, in which a f(nv were lost on both sides. The enemy, however, completely stir-- ceeded in their cnterpri/.e, and returned to Caiia l:i on the same route, carrying with them one huiidit.d and twelve of the inhabitants of Decrfield. as prisoners of war. They were twentyfive days on their march from Deerfield to Chambly ; and like their masters, the savages, depended on hunting for their support, On tiieir arrival in Canada, they found much hu- AFrKNDlX 323 manity and kiinliifss I'loin tlic I'lciu », niid from M. Vaudrirul their (Jovornoiir ; but compliiiiKMl much of th(! iiitolcninci;, hi^jjolry, tiMil dupiirily of tho priests."* Anion;!; tho cnptivcs was llio minister ol" the town. Jlcv. Jolui Williams. A« \hr. In recovered from childhe«|, 'Viis witii \\u', rest marcluMl for (.'ann !a. The second dny, in wa(lill^' a river, Mrs. Williams fainted and lidl, hut with assist- ance was ke])t alon^' a litlh; fullier; when ;i! tin: foot oi'a hill she l)e;j;an to falte.r, her saviiir*; master, with one blow of his tomahiiwk, put ;m end to Ik.t miseries. The distance they hiid to m;irch Wiis at le;ist l!ire(- hundred miles. At diU'erent times the most of tlie prisoners wert; redcjemed and relumed hdine. Mr. Williams nnd liftyseven others arrivi'd at Uoston from Q,uel)(>ek, in ITtXi. One td' his d:ui;.\lilers, Muniee, married an Indian, and became a convert to the llo- inan Catholick relinion, which she never wonM con- sent to forsake. She fretinently visited her friends in Newen^land ; ■ !)ut s!ie niiil'>rndy persisted in WTarii'j her '-ianket and c.ounlinu' her hinds. "r Mr. Wi'iuams, alter his return, was invited to i)r(>alished a history of his c, ptivity, which, when Dr. Williaiu-^, his ^Maiid son, \^iole iiis ♦ WilHanis' Hist. Vrrnionl, I, 80.|-.H(»7. t Holmrs' AiiK'ricioi AnimN. II, t).^. ,|!'l >m nQ4 Al'l'I'NUIX. history of Vermont, liuil passed tl'.rougli seven cdi tiims.* X. UAVAfiKS or THE EASTERN "INDIANS. In 1707, tlio frontiers siiin'rcd fv\t remedy. Oyster ^ river, Ivxeter, Kingstown, uii(i Dover in Newhamp- shire ; IJerwiek, York, Wells, VViiiterliiirl>(»iir, Ciisco, and even M!irll»oroU!:jli in Massiiclmsetts, were con- siderably (laina;j;ed. In 1710, Col. Walton nith one linndrcMi and seventy men niadt; an expedition to JVorridirewoek, in the iK'^innini; of winter. The chief of that |)Iaeo was tnken anti killed, f and many more. Tiie next year is n-ndenil nieniorahle by the pront expedition against Canada; miMnorable only for its bavl siireess, and the monstrous debt it broni;Iit upon the Colonics. In 171.3, a peace w.is coiudiidcd with I'rance, in conse<;uenco of which the eastern Indians desin'd peace with the colonii-s, which was nccordiniily bronyht about. J It was however of nhort duration. In Anient 1717, it was renewed at Arrousike.^ but was broken within two years after, • Hi-t. \Vniionl. 1 l!i>< nanipwas Arrnliawikwaliriiit, "an active I'oli! fellow, and owe of an iindaiintrd s|)irit ; for, ^vlien lie >v,is a>ki-tinns, lip mailo no reply ; and when tliey threat- ened him with ilcalh, lie laiigiietl at it witii eonteni|it." Pcii- hallou-, 70. i Tlie deleajates met at Pnrtsinontli, N. II., 11 .Inly, and a (reatv was sij^ned the 13. 'I'he aiticles are jneseived entire in I'e'nhallow's History, 82-83. .5 I'eiilinllou', \invrr Of,, ridates a story concerning tlie al)iin- (lancc of Dncks at tliis jdace, \viiirii, lliou^li we do not tlonht it, is certainly e(|nally a>ioni>.|iinli''d as to he able to ilv ; they drove tiieni like a IIock' of sheep hcl'oro the n into llie ereelis, where withont either powder or shot, they killed at one tinie, four thou>and and six hundred." The English bought for ^ penn} a dozen. ArPENDIX. 325 ftnd ViirioiiM liostilitics committed. Tlio f;ovoi,.r'"r't, ill 17- I, t '.,'■ small vessel.-: as far as Moimttleserr. '■ On his i lui:; he sailed n[) the I'eiiobseot, and about thirtytwu miles above the aiiehoriiiL; jjlaee, for the transports, tli.^eoveretl the Indian Casile. It was seventy feel loii;j; and hl'iy broad. Within were twentvlhrec well linished wij;'- warns. A\'iihout was a handsome ehiirch, sixiv feet Ioul;' and fhirly brtiad. Tliere was also u commo- dious hoU>e for iheir priest. But these were all de- Btroyetl, and nothing mure was aecomplished by the expeililion, than the barbarous business of burning this inilian villaiic 1 14 'I % * 'I'licro iiic'uiaiiy ways asi'l "■• wiitiiisr (lii>! word, Itduiilass, u\\ t,li(» saiiu' pant! lias»iL luu > ;\ j uinl lew farly auilii)i'.> uiiti'it, alike, liiit ;ill, or marly all, mmiu lo aim at llii- sdiiinl w liich I liavo fudcaviiuit'il III i>ivi' It. AikI, as ilic inlialiilanl^, wliiiilufil iiriiii.id tlii.s la-kt'i prDiMiiiiicii it.so, i >.co no reason wliy wo slmuld not, wiitM it so; I'spi oially, a.s it 'i.as ilie most caily way, and, iio doulil, so calli'd ii> ilii.' nativi's ilii'instdvi's. t Mo.^t of llic.io Wfiu afierwaid set at libcrtv. Pc'idiallow. 'jS. IS 326 APPENDIX. Aftonvards Captain jNIoulton went up with a party of men to Nonidgewock, but ilie village was de- serted, lie wiis a brave and prudent man, and, pro- bably, iuiagining that moderation and humanity mi<;Iit excite the fndians to a more favourable con- duct towards the English, he left their houseri and Church standing." In April, 1123, eight persons wne killed or taken at i^carborough and Falmotith. •• Among the dead was a berectation of another prize, they hoisted their j endants and cried out. ' Strike English dogs and come aboard for you are a'l prisoners.' Eliot answured tliat he vvou'd make all the haste he could. As he made no attempts to escape, the enemy soon suspected mischi(,'f, cut their cable and attem])to(rto gain the shore; i>ut im- mediately boarding t!iem he preveiTted their escape. For about half an hour tiiey made brave resistance, but Eliot's hand grenadoes made sucJi a havock among them, that at length, those who had not been lulled, took to the water wiiere they were a fair APPENDIX. 337 mark lor tlio Kiiglisli nusketecrs. Five only reached tin; slioni. Kliot received three bad wounds, had one nmii kilhid luid several v\,)unded. lie recovered seven vessels, several hundred quintals of fish, and fifuien captives. Many of the captives had been pent uway, and nine had been murdered in cold blood. Robinson retook two vessels and killed several of the eneuiy. Tile loss of sifch a number of men determined the enemy to seek revenge on the poor fishermen, 'i'wenty »!i'lhes(! yet remained in their hands, at the harbour of Malagas!', [j^h..-re tlie remainder of the vessels lay whicii thej' Ii7?fi taken from the English, and were inaccessible to Captain Kliot.] These were alldestim^d to be sacrificed to llic manes of the slaughteriid Indians. At the very time, that the pow- uwing and other ceremonies, attending such liorri- ble purposes, Wire just commencing, Captain Blin, wiio sometinje before had been a prisoner among them, arrived olV the harbour ; and made the signal, or sent in a token, w hieh it had been agreed between thenj, should be the sign of protection. Three In- dians cauu! id)oard, and an agreement was made for the ransom both of the ships and captives. These were delivered and the ransom paid. Captain Blin in his way to Boston, captivated a number of them, near cape Sable ; and Captain Southack a number more, w jiich they brought on with them to Boston." In September they made a descent on the island of Arrowsike, where they burned ihe houses, killed the cattle, and t'len retired to their head quarters at Norridgovvock. There was a garrison on the island of about forty men, but their number was so small compared with that of the' enemy, that no sally was inado. The beiiinning of the ne.\t year, 1724, was alto- gctiier unTavonrable to the English. Pco.ple were killed at Cape Porpoise, Black Point, and Berwick; ulso at I.amprey, and Oyster rivers, and Kingston, n Newhampshire. 328 APPENDIX. "Captain Josiah Winslow, who had been station- ed at the fort on St. George's river, with part of liis company, liad been surprised and cut olV. He went out from the tort with two whaleboats, fourteen white men, and three Indians. It seems the enemy watcli- ed their motions, and on their return, suddenly sur- rounded them, with thirty canoes, wliose coinplini(;nt was not less than a hundred Indians. The English attempted to land, but were intercepted, and nothing remained but to sell their lives as dearly as possible. They made a brave defence, but every Eiiglislunan was killed. Tlie three Indians escaped to report their hapless fall. Flushed with these successes, the enemy attempted still greater feats on tiie water. They took two shallops at the isles of shoais. They then made seizures of otiier vessels in dilferent har- bours. Among others they took a large schooner carrying two swivel guns. This they manned and cruised along the coast. It was imagined that a small force would be able to conquer these raw sai- lors. A shallop of sixteen, and a schooner of twenty men, under Captains Jackson and Lakeman, were armed and sent in piysuit of the enemy. They soon came up with them, but raw as they were, they obli- ged the English vessels to sheer olf, and leave them to pursue their own course, nho took eleven vessels aiid fortyfive men. Tvveniu*':? they killed, and the others they carried into captivity." While these allairs were passing at sea, the inland country suftered also. " Mischief was done at Gro- ton, Rutland, Northampton, and Dover. In all these places more or less were killed, some wounded, and others carried into captivity." The scene is now to change. The English are resolved to visit the Indians at their head (juarters, at Norridgewock. Accordingly, Captains Moulton, Ilarman, and Bourne, with two hundred and eighty men, arrived at Taconnock, up the Kennebeck river, tlie twentieth of August. Here they left their boata APPENDIX.* 320 and forty men to guard them, and proceeded thf next day for Norridgewock. "In the eveninsj; tlicy discovered two women, the wife and daughicr ot I^omazeen, the famous warriour and chietUiiii <>! iNorridgcw'ock. They fired uj)oii tliom and kill',;.! lu:, daughter, and then captivated his wife. By uli- they obtained a good account of tlie state of tlie viUagv;. On the twentytldrd tliey came near it, and as thiv imagined that part of the Indians would be in tlu;ir corn fiehls, at some distance, it was thought cxp(;di- ent to make a division of the army." Captain Ilur- man marched with ciglity men into the lieid.ading his piece, and refused to give or take quar- ter. 'With the Enghsh there were tliree iv^ohawks. Mogg,* a famous Indian warriour firing from a wig warn killed one of them. His brother in u rage Hew to the wigwam, burst the door, and instantly killed Mogg. The English followed in u ragi.; and killed his Kcjuaw and two helpless children." After the ac tion Ilarnian arrived and they all lodycd in the vil- lage. " In the morning they found t.vciitysix deaii bod'ies, besides'that of the Jesuit. Aimuig tiie dead were Boinazcen.IMogg, Wissememet, and Ijoinazcen's son in law, all famous warriours."f The inhumanity of the English to the women and children cannot be excused. It greatly eclipses the lustre of the victory. J The Norridgev,ocks were now broken down, and they never matle any figure fxUerwards.'^ XI. -LOVI-',WF.LI/S FIGHT. Perhai's the celebrated story of " Lovkwell's FiniiT," cannot be given, to interest tlie present age, better than in the language of the old song, composed just after it happened. It is a simple and true nar- rative of the aHair. 1 Of worlLy Captain I,ovewell,|| I purposn now to sinj, How valiantly be '^e -ved his country and liis Kiii^ ; •In Philin's War there was a chief by '.his name. Mr. Hubbard called him " \: ug the rogue." t " The numbf^rin all that were killed [of the enemy] was suppoj^ed to be eighty." Penballou-, 103. {■ " Ft may," says Penballow, ib. " be as noble an exploit. (all things considereil) a.s ever hai)pend in the lime of King Philii)." § The above article is taken from Dr. Trumbull's Hist. U. S. Chap. IX. II Captain .Tohn Lovewell lived in Dunstable, New APPENDIX. * 331 He and his valiant soldiers, did ran2;e tlie woods full Avide, And hardships they endured to qaellthe Indians' pride. 2 'Twas nigh unlo Pigwacket,* on the eighth day of May,t They spied a rebel Indian soon after break of day; He on a bank was walking, upon a neck of land, Which leads into a pond| as we're made to understand. , S Our men resolv'd toha^e him and tiavell'd two miles round, Until they met the Indian, who boldlv Mood his ground ; Then spake up Captain Lovcwell, "Take you good heed," says he, " This rogue is to decoy us, I very plainly see.§ 4 " The Indians lie in ambush, in some pla^ie nigh' at hand, " In order to surround us ujjon this neci: of land ; " Therefore we'll march in order, and each man leave his pack, II " That we may briskly fight Ihem when they make their attack.'"' 5 They came unto this Indian, who did (liem thus dely, As soon as tliey caine nigh him, two guns lie uiil let ily,Tr sliire, then Massachusetts. " He was a son of Zacheus Lovc- well, an Ensign in the army of Oliver CroTnwcll, wlio cainc to this country and settled at Dunstable, where ho died at the age of one hundred and twenty years, the oldest white man who ever died in the state of Newhampshire." Far- mer and Moore's Col. HI, 64. * Situated on the upper part of tli^ river Saco, then 50 miles from any white settlement. lb. I, '27. It is in the ))resent town of B^-yeburg, Maine. t They set out from Dunstable about the IG April, 1725. Symmcs' narrative, in Farmer and Moore's Col. I, 27. i Called Saco pond. Some call this Lovewell's pond, but Lovewell's pond is in Wakefield, where he some time before, captured a company of Indians, who wei-e on their way to attack some of the frontier towns. § This Indian was out a huntine:. and probably had no kn,)wled2;e of the English, having [^■■■- ducks in his hand, and r»; guns loaded with beaver shot. ; ■ , inmes and Belknaf). II The Indians finding their packs, learned their number, and placed themselves to surround them, when they return- eil. IF It apner>rs from Mi'. Symmes, that the Eugllsii saw the Jp'Uan cui-iiig, and srcielorl themsolve;, tiring at him first. i^ri 332 APPENDIX. Which wounded Captain Lovewell, and likewise one man more,* [^nTc.^ But when this rogue was running, they laid him in hi« 5 Tl»in> having sraln'd the Indian, they went 'iijcktothusno- , Where they had laid their packs dr,«ji. It there tncv foun(J thfcm not. For tlifi Indians having spy';! them, ^vhrn the.' 'iieiv !owi\ did lay, Did S' ize them for ih.c\t plunik-r, and ,: i-ry them away. 7 These rcb' is lay in fsi 'fush, this very place hard l.y, So that an fingiish soliiier did one of them "spy. And cried out " Here's en IisHan," with that thry tiar id out. As fiercely a^ old lions, and Ivdeoivdy did shout 8 With (ha' mir valiant Knglish, a^.l i^ave a '; :;id liu^rzii, 'j'o shew the lebel Indians they fear'd them act a straw: So no\^ t!je fight began, and as fiercely as could be. The iiidians ran up to them, but soon were ibrcM to flce.l 9 T!,en spake up Captain Lovewell, when first the fight hr- " Fight on my valiant heroes! you ;;ee they fall like ram." For as we are inform'd, tlie Indian- were so thick, A man could scarcely fire a gun and not some of tlicm hit. 10 Then did the rebels try their best our soldiers to surround, But Ihcy '■oukl not^ccomiilish it, Lecau-e there was'apond, To which our men retreated and covered all the rear,§ The rogues were forc'd to flee them, altho' they skulk'd for fea:-. "^^ He then, having two guns, discharged both, and woundcii S''yinaii shot him, and Mr, Frye, the chaplain, anil anotlier, scalped him. Symmes. t Both parties advanced with their guns presented, and v^hen thf.v cam;' witliin " a few yards," they fired on both sides. " The Iiidians fell in considerable numbers, but the Kiiglish, most, if not all of them, escaped the first shot." ib, Tlien advancing withip. twice the length of their r'juns, slew nine. Penhal'ow. fi Twelve were killed and wonnded before they rerreareii to the pond. There was a small bank, which served thoin f. Jli'TlPiKtCf',' r.>m i APPENDIX. 383 1 1 Two lop** lliere wore behind them, (liat close together lay Without being discovered, they could not get away ; Therefore our valiant English,' they travell'd in a row, And at a handsome distance as they were wont to go, l2'Twas 10 o'clock in the morning, when first the fight begun, And fiercely did continue until the setting sun , Excepting that the Indians, some hours before 'twas night, Drew otl'into the bushes and ceased awiiile to fight.* 13 But soon again returned, in fierce and furious mood, Sliouting as in tlie morning, but yet not half so loud ; For as we are informed, so thick and fast they fell, Scarce twenty of their number, at night did get home well.t 14 And that our valiant English, till midnight there did stay. To see wliether tlie rebels would have another fray ; But they no more returning, they made oti' towards their home, [come.t And brought away their wounded as far as they could 15 Of all our valiant English, there were but thirtyfour. And of the rebel Indians, there were about fourscore. And sixteen of our English did safely home return. The rcht were killed and wounded, for which we all must mourn. § as a breastwork, and, perhaps, saved them from an immediate defeat. This is the more probable, as but few were killed afterward, lb. * They probably drew off to take care of the wounded. Symmes nor Penhallow makes no mention that they return- ed again to the fight, after they drew btf. t Forty were said to be killed upon the spot, and eighteen more died of their wounds. Penhallow. I Solomon Kej'es, after receiving three wounds, crawled along tiie shore of tlie pond, where lie chanced to find an old canoe, into which he rolled himself, and tlie wind wafted him on several r.iilcs toward the fort, which he reached in safely. He felt his end^approaching, when he was in the boat, into which he had crawled, only to die in peace, and to escajje tlie scalping knife, but wonderfully revived. Symmes. § Eight were left in the woods, whose wounds were so bad that they could not travel, of wliom two only returned. One ran away in the beginning of tlie fight. 834 APt^ENDIX. 16 Our worthy Ca^jitatn LovcwpII amonR tlietn (horc did die Tliey killoil Lt. Ilohiiis,* an? fL'aptain 13 AVho shot the old chief Paiigus,|| which did the foe d. I' i\t, Then set his men in order, and brought olfthe retrf ;ii ; And braving many dangeis and liardships in (lie \v;i' , They safe arriv'd at D'jnstable, the thirteentii liiv of Mav.^ In the beifiiininii; of the xvar, one hundred j)oiinds «'cre oflered by the goveniincnt for every IihUuii ecrJp. Captain Lovewell and his company in .-ibont * He belonged to Chelmosford. Being mortally wounded, desired to have two guns charged, and left with him, wliicii tliey did. He said, '* As the Indians will come in the morn- ing to scalp me, I will kill one more of them if I can." lb. t He fell about the middle of the afternoon. He was the only son of Capt. James Frye of Andover, graduated at Har- vard college in 1723, and was chaplain of the company. lb. I Only son r f Major Fullam of A\ eston, was sergeant of the comj)any, and fell in the beginning of the light, lb. § Ensign Selh Wyinan of Woburn. He was presented vyitli a silver hiked sword for his good conduct, and commis- sioned Captain. He died soon after. I) Many of Lovewcll's men knew Paugus personally. A huge bear's skin formed a part of hi ; (Iress. Froul Mr. .Symmes' account, it appears that Johi: Chamberlain killed him. They had sjmken together sotne time in the fight, and afterward both happened to go to the pond to wa'^h out their guns, which were rendered useless by so fre(]ueiit firing. Here the challange was gtven by Paugus,'" It is you or I." As soon as the guns were prepared they fired, and Paugus fell. 1! Wyman and three others did not arrive until the 15th, but the main body, consisting of twelve, arrived the ISth. APPKNDIX. 335 three montlis iiiiidcj twrlvo liundrcd pounds. This stimulated thcin to iittiK^k tluj villiiji^o of Pigworikut, where, if suceessfid, they considered their fortun(;s sure. It was a heavy 4o»is to tlio country, but tliis nearly finished the war. The Indians formed no considerable body in tlicse parts afterward. Along and happy peace followed. 'Xho above soni^ is taken from the valuable Histori- cal Collections of Farmer and Moore. I cannot refuse the beautiful lines of Mr. Thomas C. Upli. m, "a N. Hampshire poet," a place in this work. They were occasioncul by a visit to the place of Lovewell's Fiijht.* Ah! whore are thn soldiers veller leaves Cut out \vi(h his knife in (he hark of (he trees, But little mail his airee(iona(e arts, For the n.viies of the fallen arc graved in our hearts. The voice of (lie hun(er is loud on the breeze, There's a dashiiip; of waters, a rust liun;,of trees ; But the jangliuj; u'. iniiour liatli all pass'd away, No gushing of lifehlood is here seen to day. 'I'he eye that wasi-parkling, no lonper i> '.? if'it. The arm of the mighty, deatii contpieivd .1 > 'iiight, * 'p I'aken from rarnier and Moore's Col. 1.35 33C APFE^^DIX. Tito l)osoms lliat once for tlit'ir country heat high, To lliosc bosouiHtlie soils ol' the valley arc nigh. ■. ;) 'Hers of merit, sleep, gallants of yore, Til'- h, .'Jiet is fallen, the struggle is o'er. \Vliile ihe fir tree is green and the wind rolls a wave, The tear drop shall brighten the turf of the brav. XII. ANECDOTES, NAIIKATIVES, &C., OF THE IN- DIANS. 1. Anion;! tlio liist suttlcis. of Biiinswick, M^inn, wiis Daniel iMalc(j]in, u man of undanntcd courage, and an iiiveterato enemy of the Indians, wlio gave li,im tlie name of SungurnumUy, tliat is, a very strong iH;ni. Early in the spring, he ventured alone into the forest ibr the innpose of splitting rails from the spruce, not apprehensive of Indians so early in the season. Wiiile engaged in his work, and having opened a log with small wedges about half its length he was surprised by Indians, who crept up and sc- curetl his musket, standing by his side. "Sungur- numby," said tl.e chief, " now me got you ; long me want you ; you long speak Indian, lontr lime worry him; me have got you now; look up stream to Ca- nada." — "Well," said Malcolm, with true sangfroid, '' yon have me ; but just ludp me open this log be- foi-c I go." They all (five in number) agreed. iMul- colm i)repared a large wooden wedge, carefully (lro\e it, took out his small wedges, and told the In- dians t J put in their fingers to the partially clefted wood, and help pnll it open. They did ; he tiien sud- denly s'ruck out iiis blunt wedge, and the elr.stick wood instantly closed fast on their fingers, and he secured thom.^ 2. Origin of the name of a bridge in Salisbury JV. If., known h'j the luimc of " Imman BiunrjE."— In t!ie fall of the vcar n.K), two Indians, named Sa- APPENDIX. xn bntis nnd Plaiisawa, ci\mo int«» CiintcrlMiry witli I'urs. Tlicy hero iiit't two incii iVoin i\»!\vl)ury, whom ihcy knew, but were not pleased ut seeing them, nml ht>. jliin to iiiiikt; oil'. Siil)inis scciikuI disposed to do inischiid'. but was provtjntud l)y I'huisuwii. The two Mriiihshmon oflbrcd to huy th(!ir I'urs. They nd'used, iiiul said thoy would not sell I'urs to tho Miiirlish, but would go to Canada; but al'tiTVvard they oH'cred to trado for ruin. Tiicy had rum, but would not scdi it to tJR'in, thinking that they w(!r(! ill disposed. As they W(jro about to leavo tlu! Indians, one of tliern, Plaiisawa, appeared friendly, iind advised thoin to avoid meeting with liulians. VVIkmi they had gone a little distance from the Indiaus, Sabatis called thei'i, and said, "No more you Kuglish conio here; nie heart bad; me kill you." Out; of the English replied, "No kill — I'lnglish and Indians now all brothers." As they left the Indiaus, they met one Peter Bowen going toward them. They told him of the temper the Indiiuis had showed, (uid tried to dis- suade him. lie replied, that he was not afraid of them; that he was ac(iuainte(l with Indians and knew liow to (leal with them. The Indiaus had got into their canoe, and were going up the rivi'r, when Bow- en called to them, and invited thorn to go to his house, and stay all night; and that lu! would give them some rum. They went with him to his house, which was in Contoocook. TIk! night was spent in a drunken frolick, in which llowon diil not fail to act his part; being much a(!customed to their modes ')f life. In the midst of the I'rolic.k, Howen took the caution to unload their guns. 'J'he niJXt inorning he took his horse to convey their packs to tluiir boats. As they were going, Sabatis |)rop iscd to liowen t(t run with iiis horse. A race Ixiing agvet il upon and pcrfoiined, in which Sabatis beat H u\en on horse- l)ack, at which he was nnich pleu<ring and buried. From this allair is the name of Indian Bridge derived.* 3. Orif^in of the peopling of KarUuckct by the In- dians. It is told that in a remote period of anti(|ui- ty, ail eaghi made a descent on some part of the coast of what is now JVewengland, and carried olf a young Indian in his talons. The weeping parents made bitt(;r lamentations, and with eager eyes s;i',v their child borne out of sight, over the trackl ss deep. They resolved to follow in tiie same direc- tion. Accordingly they set out in tiTcir cuntX;.-). .ind after a perilous jnissage descried tlie island. The) landed and after nmcli search found the Liones oi the child. 4. Jin anecdote of the colony of Sagadchock. "The Norrid}i'3WOck Indians have this tradit'uii that this company engaged a number of Indians, \\!io had come to trade with them, to draw a cannon, .»y a long rope; that the moment they were ranged in a strait line, iJie white people disciiarged the piece, which killed and wounded a number. Their story is, that the indignation of the natives for this bs»rba- • Ibid. Ill, 27. AIM'F.NDIX. :5.]9 rolls trciiclicry, rnrnpcllcd (Iio coinpaiiy to (Miiliaik to siivc! tlicir own liv(!s."'* T). ".7 Ictfcr flow Kino I'im.ii' to (inirnumf Prince, copied from the, o?/iri/u/^ ivhicli brlnmin tii Mr. fl'liUe, of rUiinouth. The wonln arc s^dt iu in the orvjiiiud letter.'' Kino I'iiimp (Icsin; to let you iinderstiiiitl tliit hn (•<)iil(| not (•(iiiio to tlu; court, i'or Tom, liis iiili. rj>r(it< r lias a pain in his hack, that h(! coiihl not travil so far. and I'hilip sisliT is very sick. I'hilij) would iiitrcat that favor, of vou, and aiu )f tl ic niajcstratcs, il' aiicy I'-iiijIish or J'liiiiiaiis speak at)(»iit ancy hind, ho prcay you to <,'ive ihcni no an- su'cr at all. Tliis last sumcr lu; niado tlial pioinis \yith you, that he would not s(dl no land in 7 ycarj tiino, for that ho would have no Jjiirlish troidd:' I nui bLdbro that tiint;, he has not for^^ot that you piniuis hin:. He will coiTio u suno as jjocihh; he can lo sprak witii you, and so 1 rest, your vcny hnein-^ irit;iid, Philip, (Iwellinff at mount In.po nd; To the much honcrcd Govcrncr, Mr. Thomas l'ri*nc(.', dwcllinii- at IMymoutli.T G. SinmtJarity of the Indian lan^^iuti!;e. 'I'liiis the word Nununatclickodtiuitamoooiiiiainninonasli siifii- fies no more in I'lnalish, than our lusts; and >'...- womantammooonkaniinomiash noniore llian()»r /o- e: A yet lonlai,' > of .• ' ters may he called) Kummoixkodonattootluii ' ' teanini'amiuniiona^li is lo express onlv our ({■ > .' 7. .7 proof of Kinf!; I'hiUp's humaidf^/. TIh; .ii. - tcr of Col. I?. Cole, of \*, arren. llliod'eisliind. cam.' to tills country and settleii at Tuisset. s He in tune • Morse anil Parisli's Hist. N. Eur. 17. t uMass. Hist. Snc. Col. 11, 4(t. '5'lif' ivlilo;- wrili^ at Uie hotlniii ai'[]:n \o{\rr " "IMkm'o is no (i.iU; to (lie Ictli-r, it waa probably urillon aiioiU u;ti(l oi- lUTO."' ' t See IMapnalia, I, JO?. § A neck of l;in(! iii i-l side ol'.Kc(>l barked, and the next morning their dwellings were burned. Col. B. Cole, is of the fourth generation.* S. .'Jn Indian Snare. To take large animals they sometimes built two extensive fences, perhaps a mile apart at ojie extremity, and at the other nearly meet- uig, forming an angle, generally, something less than a right one. At this point or o])ening they contrived to bend down a tree of suliicient strength to suspend the largest animals. " An English m;ire iiavingonce straved away, was caught, and like Mahomet's fabled coiiin, raised between the heavens and earth, in one of these snares. The Indians arrivmg, and seeing her struggling on the tree, ran inunediately, and in- formed tiie English that \hc\r squaiv horse was hang- ing on a tree "4. T D. ^inecdote of J\[assassoit. '.' IMr. Winsluw,]. com- ing in his buik from Coimecticut to Narragenset, — and he left her there, — and intending to return by land, he went to Osamekin the sagamore, [Massas- soit] his old ally, who oll'ered to conduct him home to Phmouth. lint, before they took their joiu'ney, Osamekin sent one of his men to Plimoutli to tell them that Mr. Winslovv was dead ; nnd directed him to show how and where he was killed. Whereupon tiiere was much fear and sorrow at Plimoutli. The next day, when Osamekin brought him home, they • Oral account of Col. Cole. t IMorse and Parish's N. Eng. 223 J Mr Edward Winslow. APPENDIX. 341 ajjkrd liiin wliy lie sc-iit such word, &.c. lie answer- ed, tlitif it. Wiis their mimiRT to do so, that they iui;i;Iit l)(> iiKifi' wcle.oii.e whoa they came homo."* Tliis wtis ill l<),M. 10.. S'mi!;tdar descrijitioiis. Dr. Mather saVs there fell into his hiiiids the luiiiiuscripl of a losiiit. eiii- phiyed Ity tiu; FrtMieli to instruct the Ircxiiioi^ ln- ort of noiil is Unit of //c//'/ A. A very wretched 6'(),i//. ; 'tis a ficrji pit, in the e(Mitre of tlio earth. (^. liavp, tl\c\j any li!j;ltt in hell/ A. Tso. "I'is always dark; there is always smoke there ; their (>yes are aluays in pain with it ; they can see noth- hiu; bni the devils. (^. li'hat shaped things aie the devils/ A. \'ery ill shaped thiii'is ; tluiy i^o about witli rizafils on. and they terrify men. (). II hat do thvjj e(d in hcH / A. They are aiways huii'^rv, but the damned I'eed on hot ashes and ser[)i':its iheie. <^. l\ hat water have thct/ to drink? A. iloridw li- ter, iiothinii' but melted lead. (^. JJon't thejf die in hell / A. i\'o ; yet they eat one another, every day; but anon. (!<>d restores and renews the man that \\;;s ear- on, us a erupt ])laiit in a little timi; re|)ulliil;;tes.' " " It seems th(-y hav(; not thought this diviiiily too fji;ross Ibr the barbarians. JJut 1 shall make no re- jleetioiis on it."!- • Winllir..|rs Hist N. Kng. I, US, 139. t S(><> Majjiialla, I, 5Q1, b-22. m !42 APPENDIX. XIII. MASSACIIK Of THE CONKSTOflOK INDIANS IM I'KNNSYLVAMA. i An almost unintorruptcd fricndsliip seems to h.ive existed Ix.'tuccn tlie liuliaiis and llic iiilia!)iliii)ts of l*eiiiis\ Ivania, until the year ITT)-!. At lliis period the French had stirred np the Indians in the back country, antl an Indian war commenced. About ten vears after that, w hen " nianv says Mr. l*roud,"\yho liad been continually ilockini!,' into th le provmce, m'hiter years, haynii>' Irom tiieir niex- perience and ignorance, too (les|>icable an opinion ol'that peoj)le, and treating them accordingly, were by this conduct foolishly enraged against tne \yho-Io s})ecies indiscriminately; in.sonuu'h, that in the hit ter part ol" the year 17G.3, calling to their aid the madness of the wildest enthusiasm, with which, un- der pretence of religion, certain most furious zealots among the preachers of a numerous sect, in tiie pro- vince, could inspire their hearers, to coyer tlieirl)iir- barity, a number of, not improperly n:uned. arnied dcini-sirvages, inhabitants of J.ancasler county, j)rin- ci|)ally from the townshi|>s of I'ji.xlang and Diumegal, and their neighbourhood, committed tlie most horri- ble Diassacre, that ever was heard of in t!iis, or pt>r- hap.- !'.::y other ])rovincc!, with inpunity ! and under the notion of extirpating the heatluni irom the earth, as Joshua did of old, liiat these .saints might possess the land alone," tX;c. Thus bi'gins the narrative. " 'These Indians were the remains of a tribe of the. Six Nations, settled at (,'onestogoe, and tiieiiee call- ed Conestogoe Indians. On t!ie lirst arrival of the English in Pennsylvania, messengers IVc.m this tribe came to wi^icomt; thiin, with presents of venison, corn and skins; and the whole tribe; enlired into a treaty of Iriendsliip with tlie first Proprietary, Will- iam i'enn ; icliich was to last as /o'jg as the sun aliouhl shine, or the zcatcrs ran in the riccrs APPENDIX. Tliis tionty hiis nceii since; (Vcfinoiitly rciiowcd, ;ii!.'l llie chain brightened, as tliey oxi^ess il, liom time to time. It liiis never been violated on their ])art, of ours, till now. As tlieir lands, i)y (Ii'^n'< s, were mostly purchased, and the settlein(.'iit of ihi; whllo people began to surroimd them, the l*ro|>rictor as- signed them lands on the manor of Conestogoe, which they might not part with; there they l\avc livetl many years, in liiendsiiip with their white neighbours, who loved them for tlieir per.ct'uble, in- oll'ensive behaviour. It has always been observed, that Indians, settled in the neighbourhood ol'whitc people, di; n )t increase, but diminish contimially. 'J'liis tribe accordini'ly went on tliminishing, till there remained in tlu.'ir town, on the manor, but twenty persons, namely, seven men, live women, and eight children, boys and girls. Of those, Shellacs was a very old man, ha\ ing as- sisted at the second treaty, held with them by Mr. Pcnn, ill 1701 ; and ever since continu(.'d a faithi'ul friend to the English ; he is said to have been an ex- ceeding good man, considering his education, being ii;i!urallv of a most kind, benevolent temper. This little society continued the cuslom thcyliad hegun, when more numerous, ot addressing every new Governour, and every descenda!.t of the lii.st Troprietury, ^^•elcoming him to tlio ])rovincc, assur- ing him of their fidelity, and praying a continuance of that favor and protection v.diich they had hither- to experienced. They had accordingly sent xip an j'.ddress of this hind to our present Governour (John Penn, Esq.) *);- his arrival ; but the same was scarce rielivercd when the unfortunate catas- trophe happened which we are about to i-elate. ()u .Wednesday, the 14th of Decem1>cr, ITO'J, fif- tys(n'e;i ni'-n from Si)mc of our frontier townshi|)s, who had projected the destruction of this little coin- mon^^'ealtii came all v/ell mounted, and armed with 344 APPENDIX. firelocks, liangers and hatchets, having travelled through the country in tiic night to Conestog(je ma- nor. There they surrounded the small village uf In- dian huts, and just at break of day, l)roke in upon them all at once. Only three men, two women, and a young boy were found at home ; the rest being out among the neighbouring white people; some tu sell their baskets, brooms and bowls, they manufac- tured, and others, on other occa:ions. These ])oor defenceless creatures were immediately llred udoo, stabbed and hatcheted to death ! The good Slio haes, among tlie rest, cut to pieces in his b.;ut the wickedness cannot be covered, and the guilt v*ill lie on the whole land, till justice is done on t\\r inur- (Icrcrs. The blood of the innocent loill cry to heaven for vens^eance. Notwithstanding the proclamations and endea- vours of the (iovernour on the occasion, the inunhr- ers having given out such threatenings agaiiist tliuse that disaiijjroved their proiU'cdiiigs. that tiie N'^liolt- country seems to be in terror, and no one dm.-t speak wliat he knows; even the letters from tlieucc are unsigned, in which any disiike is expressed ol the rioters.'" Mr. Proud" ad('-; to the above narrative, that, "So far iiad the infection spreail, which caused this ac- tion, and so much had fear seized the minds of t!ie people, or ])crhaps both, that neither the printer nor the writer of this publication, though supposed to be as nearly connected as Franklin and Ifall were at that time, and men of the lirst character in their way, - vince.l ••'■\\ ''if <»»wr 346 APPENDIX. venting tiie tlirciitontjd conscciuences, l)y exciting an exertion of endeavours, in tlie citizens, lor tliat pur- [losc ; ind being a relation of real facts, thongli writ in a hurry, it was never answered or contradicted.'' XV'. TROUBLES WITH TIIK INDIANS IN THi; I,ATK WAU WITH KN(;LANI}. I)KfMHK the dcclaralion of war took pla(;o between America and Great ]5ritain, tlie Indians along the frontiers, very much alarmed the inliabitants l)y their hostile af)pearance. The famous Indian warrioin-, 'i'ecuniseh, had been known l()r his enmity to civilization, and utter aver- sion to the white people, from tin; timc^ of llarmer's (ielcat and like ll PI (,'d his endeavours, far and w le celebrated 1 inlij), imd e.vtend- Kit," anion'4 tlie various tribes of his countrymen, to unite tticm in midcing war on the Americans. His eio(|uence was irre- 'stn- I'le !U)( 1 hi s success was areat. It ■:uijic;cnl to oljserve, that the English had early »'ii the conference, and War was socui expected to folljw. APPENDIX. 347 Battle of Tippecanoe. Towurd the latter oiid of the year 1811, tlio ii|)|)t;ar!mce of tlie Imliuns was so nlarrniiig, that (Jov. Ilarrisoii, wiili an army of about 2()()() men, inarclnjd into the Iiuliaii country. On xWnv^ williiii a mile of the Prophet's t(j\vn, they ar wore met by a number of chiefs, who sued for jjeaet and l)eity, and tiie battle was i'or suir.e time doiil ll'ul and bloody. But at length, the Indians were overpowered, and tiie victory wan complete. About '^W\) of th..'ir war- I'he behaviour ma!iv of whom liad I'f'Vtjr seesi nours .strewed the "round (d' l)alt!e of the Americans, a.n en^.ra,i;ement bef()r(!, cann'it be ioo nnicli applaud- (^1. When the l)att!e began, each took his pjosi without noise, and with c=vli;uiess. Their h-,-,; iii vcduabie Ouicers was seve-.o . They were tlu.- v; ; kill- ed, Col. Abrr.ham O Josopli li. l)av wens, the (lO'icrnour s aic in. es, a v(!ry eminent lawy^'r; Col. W'liite, Capt. Warrick, C'apt. Si'tncer, Lieut. Mc- Mahon. Lieut. I iorrv. nd Cui)t. lieai hi K.rpedition against the I! est em Indians. — For the purpose of driving the hostile lnili;uis oul oi the- linnts of the U. ate '\!)edition was on foot earlv in October, consisting (d" 'iour nuMi un- der C len II OpliUlS. Aft er relievni'. )rt Harrison hove nicntionctl, lie cr'^.sse()() would accompany him, he would proceed in (jucst of the enemy ; but not a man would turn out. lie liien rec'Tested tliem to let hii i have the dirc^ctioii for a single day ; to which they assented. He then I)Ut himself at their hiiad, and ordered them to march; but they Wlv.d olf in a contrary dirt'ction. and marched o!f to fort Harrison: and the General followed in the rear. At their ent'ampnuiit in a great prairie beyond the Wabash, the grass '.\?is dis- covered to be on (ire, and driven by a li 'ice wind directly toward their camp. This wa'. an Indiiin trap. But the Americans set fire to the grass ahniii them, and were there!)y delivered fi'ciu a formidalilc onset by the ilanies. Tlie sanx; oilieer, iiiicrwaid performed a successful expedition aguiusi the In- dians. .■IJJ'air of the river Jlaisin. Out of synip:ii!iy fir tlu! inhabitants of Frenchtown, who were threatened with an Indian massacre, an imprudent step was taken by the Americans. Gen. W'inche-tiT had ta- ken post at the raj)ids, when he received a pr(;Nsing recjuest from those inhabitants, f )r his ])r()t('ctioii. Accordingly, ho despatched Col. Lewis with .Jli-l men for their relief. On his nrrival, he foimd t!ie Indians alr(>ady in possession of tlie place, but he at- tacked them in their works, and drove tliem iVoni the place, and encamped on the same ground. Twc dnys after, 20 December, Gen. ^\'incl!ester r.rrivi ;! with the main army. Their Ibrce now consi-ted of 1M) men. These operations went on without tlu; knowledge ofGen. Harrison, tlie comniiinder in cirKJ', whose know h.'dge of the situation of the coniitry. convinced him of their extreme danger. Freii.'h- town is situated only JO miles from Maiden, a stn inih'iH ' oiii iiiiy American ml CO, from ulifiicc limy couid expect supijlics. I'iioir situation did not escape the iiolico ol" the Brit- ish, (.'ol. l'roct(jr, with (iOO l'ln/.;lish and above 1000 Indians under the iwo Indian chiel's, S|)lillog and Iloundhead, appeared before their camp at day break, (»n the !i January, IS 1. 5, and inunediately began the atuiiL. ':'he Ameri(Mins' works not being large enough to contain their small force, !;')() were posted without. 'l'\\<'. numbers of the enemy enabled him to dispo.e of his force, as to cutolf all means of retreat. The attack was lirst made on those without the fort, who W( <; soon forcetl to give way. They Hod acro!?s the liver, aiid were; pursued by the one- my, and cut to pieces. One hundred men, in two com})anies, Icit the works, -ind went over to their as- sistance, and shared the mwu) horrid fate. General \Vinchest(;r andCNd. l-(!wis, in some maiucuvre, were \;ikv.n prisoners. The little army now in possession of the })icketrf, mliintaine'd the une(|Ual light until 1 I of the cluc:k, V, !.L;n Gen. \Vinch(;sler capitulated for them. It was |)ar(ieidarly stipulated that the wound- ed should be protei^ted from the savages. Tiio army still consisted of upwards of aOO mcMi, and not until a (lag had passed three times would they con- sent to surreu' '•. J}ut knowing their situation to be desperate ihey consented imder assurance from the l^ritish oi. -'er, that their lives and proper- ties should be ) rotected. \Ve shall now see, with what faitli the semi barbarian. Proctor, acted. No sooner had this brave band submittcid, than they saw what was to follow. 'J'he tomahawk and scalping knife were ind scriminately i'm|)loyed among the ilead and wt)un{|«Ml ; oHic(!r's side arms were wrest- ed fri)m them, a; d many stript and robbed. About GO wounded jVuiericans str(!W( «l the battle ground, who, by the kindness of t!ie inhabitants were romov- ed into houses. 15ut horrid to tell, the next day a 350 A'i'ENblX. body of those savages wcro peri;iitt enemy's works at one point, while a party from the fort, should act simultaneous- ly on another p;iri. I'iiglit iiuudred nii/n under Col. Dudley of the Ohio men, and another bvxiy nndf.'r Col. Miller, were immediately in motio!i. Col. Dud- ley led his men up in the face of the enemy's cannon, and every battery was carried, almf>st in an instant, and the British and Indians lied with great i)re(Mpi- tation. 'J'hese fugitives were mot by a large bndv of Indians under Cen. Tecuinseh. This liunous war- AlU'KNUIX. riour, oxpecMiii;? the A iiicriciuis to pursuit fitrincd ;i!) ambush, and vvailotl llicir iippnmcli. Col. J)(i(llc\ rnoii wore so cllitcd iit tlicir sihmm'sh, tliiit tlicy coiild iiotl)(!rcstniiiicd li-oiii piiisiiiiiif l'"' l'iJ,u;ilivos,ulili()iiii;li tlieir Colom;! ii-cd his utmost nul lisavdiirs. accordingly pf ''d on, and immiMliatcdv t'oimd lluni ')' sulvcs surro horrid shuiuhic Ity tho savages. lltMc another >\vt5»l : Iml, <'d, and not like I'roclor, ch to Proctor, Ih; repndyates his conduct in verv )Hi;iit((| terms. Ho says, "'i'he war before this, j nieaning the re- volution] our iJritish fatluu' gav(< the liatch<;t to his red children, when oiirohl chiefs were alive. They arenow • h'ad. li\ that war our father [llu! kingj was thrown on his back by, tin? Americans, and he afU'rward took tliemby the hand witluaitoiir knowledge, and we are afraid he will do so agtiiii at this finio. Listen, you told us to bring our families to t'lis pltu-e, and Wr 'L IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) J-/, ^^ .^4f. "' '^ 4^j 1.0 I.I I^I^S |25 lU Hi 110 2.0 im 1.25 1.4 1.6 4 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN 'TREET WEBSTER, N.Y. US80 (716) 873-4S03 Si.. 352 APPENDIX. did so. You promised to take care of them, and that they should want for nothing. Oar ships have gone one way, and we are very much astonished to see our father [Proctor] tying up every thing, and preparing to run away the other. You always told us you never could draw your foot off British ground ; but now, father, we see you are drawing back with- out seeing the enemy. We must compare our fa- tlier's conduct to a fat animal, that carries his tail on his back, but when atlVighted, drops it between its legs and runs oflV This though a few detached para- graphs, will serve to give some acquaintance with the great chief. Proctor, after considerable manoju- vring, was unable to escape with all his baggage, being hard pressed by Harrison in every move up the Thames. At length the two armies met in the vicinity of the Moravian towns, 5 October 1813, and a fierce battle was fouglit. Tecumseii's Indians were in possession of a thick wood, who, with the British regulars, had formed their line of battle, on advantageous ground, den. Harrison, with his aids, Com. Perry, Capt. Butler, and Gen. Cass, led the front line, while Col. Johnson, with the mounted men, w as ordered to charge at full speed, and break their line. They were immediately in motion, and though the horses recoiled on receiving the fire of the Brit- ish and Indians, yet, it wus momentary, and their im. jietuosity bore down all before them. The enemy's line was broken in an instant and Johnson's mount- ed men were formed on their rear, and poured in a tremendous fire upon them. The British odicers iinding it in vain to rally again at this point, surren- dered. A body of savages under Tecumsch, still disputed the ground, and Col. Johnson fell, in ttie tliickest of the fight, almost covered with wounds. Tecumseh in person flew towards him, with his toma- hawk raised, to give him tlie fatal blow. Johnson, though faint from loss of blood, had strengtii to draw his pistol, and laid Tecumseh dead at his. feet. iwf\' ^"T"- T 7- APPENDIX, 853 When the mighty chief fell, the Indians all lefl the ground. At another point, a division attempted to make an impression upon the American infantry, but the venerable Gov. Shelby (one of the heroes of King's mountain) supported them with another regi- ment^ and the enemy wera immediately routed. The hottest of the fight was where Tecumseh and Johnson fell. Thirty Indians and six Americans lay within a few yards of the spot. Proctor fled with great precipitation, but his carriage was taken with all his papers, and even his sword. Eight pieces of artillery were taken, six of which were brass. Three of these were trophies of the revolution, which were surrendered by Hull. The Americans had not above 60 killed and wounded. Oflhe British 600 were ta- ken prisoners, and 70 killed and wounded, and up- wards of a hundred Indians were left on the field. Thus ended the Indian wars in the west. Their combination was now entirely broken up, and the frontier settlements, which for a long time had en- dured all the horrours of Indian barbarities, were, in some degree, liberated. 23 FINIS. [355] INDEX. In the ibilowmi; Index, some explanations may be wanting, as it dilbn from works of thia kind in general. All Indian names ofplaces are civen; but places having only an English name, are not given, unless they hav« been noted for some depredation, or having their situations described. And as every circumstance in a history may be found by an Index ofproi per names, it was thought needless to name them, as it only increases pro. Assawonmt 27, 97. Asuhmequin 133, 134, 135, 142. Aubert carries off natives 287. Augur Lieut., killed 314. Awashonks 21 to 27, 57, 76 to 8S 85to92, 111. B. Baker Thomas 190. Baker Lieut., killed 275. Barlow's Columbiad iv, 46, 12S. Barns 102. Barrow Sam 115, 119 Baxter 49 Bean Cap., killed .347. Beard , killed 313. Beers Cap., killed 64. Belcher Cap. Andrew 62, 233. Belcher Mr., wounded 33. Bellomont Gov. 250. Belknap's Amor. Biog. xv, 24, 32, 134, 287, '8, '9, 293, '4, 299, 800. Belknap's Hist. N. H. xiii, 21, 152, 161, 164, 186, 187, 203, 259, 284, 289, 315, 331. Bonnet Sergeant 57. Benython Cap. 311. Berry Lieut., killed 847. Billington John 297. Blin Cap. 327. Bliss Mr. A. 13& Boad 226. Bomazeen 329, killed 330. Bourne Cap. 328. Bowon Peter 337, 338. Rozman's Hist. 177. Bracket Cap. 166, 191, 224, 236, "t Bradford Maj. 30, 53, 84, 83, 96. Acushnet 98. Adams' Hist. Xeweng. 80, 32, 49, 68. Adams President John 131. Adams Samuel xii. Addington Isaac 137, 217, 251. Agamenticus 24. Agawom 89, 119, 144, 298. Agincourt battle 263. Akkompoin, Philip's uncle,killed 110. Albemarl Duke of 207. [238. Alden Cap. John 196, 197, 201,228, Alden John 297. Alden William 226. Alderman 47, kills Philip 126. Alexander dies 18, 134, 148. Allen's Biog. Diet, xii, xiv, 24, 23, 31, 38, 133, 146, 130, '2, '6, 207- Allen Samuel 181. Allen Thomas 181. AUerton John 297. Allerton Mr. Isaac 297. Almy Cap. John 18, 40. Andover 220. Andros Cl,,. Elisha 194, 207, 204. Androscoggin 184, 186. Andros Sir Edmund 120, 160, 151, 152, 134, 104, 173, 250. Annawon xiv, 106, 124, 127, 129, 131, 132, im, 134, 136, 137, ta- ken 138, put to death 146. AnnnaWon's rock 136. Aponagansct 50, 51, 98, 100. A|ipleton Maj. bamuel 65, 57. Aquetneok 19. Arrowsike 163, 1C9, 327 Arruhawikwabenit 324. i 356 INDEX. Bradford Mr. Wm. 290, 294, 296,|Colman Dr. Benjamin ir. 2a7. 300, 301, 302. Conestogoe niaisacre 842 to 845. Bradstreet Gav. 152, 167. Conscience, taken 149. Braloc Stephen 197. Contoocook 317, 337. ['7 '8 Brewster Mr. William 297. Converse Cap. James 189, 192, 194, Bridgewater 25. Cook Cap. John 252, '7, 274, 281, Bridgway Jarman 228, 229, 230. Cook Elisha 160 B'itterige Richard 296, 297. Cook Francis 297. Broclebank Cap., killed 70. Cook John 101. Brooklield 63. Cousins Isaac, killed 314. Brown Cap. John 252, 281. Crackston John 296, 297. Brown Mr. Jamea 27, 29, 31. Tranfield Gov. 186. Brown Peter 297. Cranston Gov. John 38, 39, 62. Bulkley Gershom 62. Croghan Geo. 351. Bull's garrison 67. Bump John 144. Cross , killed 314. Cudworth Maj. 80, 35, 36; 37. Butler Cap. 861, 362. Curwin Jonathan 221. c. Cushnet 98. CalePs Hist, witchcraft 196, 220. D. Canonchet 73, taken 107, killed 108. D'Aillcbout 318. Canonicus, killed 104. Danforth Guv. 156. 160, 166 Oantoti Corporal, taken 234. Dartmouth 60, 51. Carver Gov. John 133, 296, 297, D'Aubri Nicholas 187. 298, dies 301, 302. Davenport Cap., killed 68. Carver's Travels 21. Davies Col., killed 347. Castine Baron Do St. 152,164, 165, Davis Cap. Sllvanus 160, 163. 176, 219, 226, 233, 261. D'Caliers 320. Caughnewoga, 318. Deborahuel 223. Cawley Robert 226, 228. Deerfield 54, 243, 321. Chamberlain John 334. Demot, 187. Champlain Cap. 220. Dennisoii Cap. 56, 64, 73, 107 Chelmsford 64. Dermer Cap. Thomas 301. Cbesly 312. D'Frontenac Count 224. 230. Chignecto 228, 282. Dillano 101 to 105. Chilton James 297. D'Mantel 318. Chubb Cap. 219, killed 220. D'Monts 220. Chubb Sergeant, killed 326. Doney 184, 186, 190. Church Benjamin xii. Dorey Edward 296, 297. Church Deac. Benj. xii. Douglass' Hist. 42,61, 52, 74,98, Church Charles xii. 1-42. 145, 245, 256, 259, 271, 277, Church Caleb xi, 197. [274, 281. 284,286. Church Cap. Constant xi, 261, 267, Drake Sir Francis 287 Church Edward xii, 262, 28L Dubois 282, 284. Church Joseph xi. Dudley Col , killed 351. [256, 285, Church Thomas xi. Dudley Gov. Joseph 25D, 261, 253, Clark Cap. Wra. 268. Dudley Thomas 152, 249. Clark Gov. 153. Dustan Mrs. Hannah 315 to 317. Clark Lieut, 169. Dwight Dr. 146, 308. Clark Richard 297. Dyer Cap. John 262, 281. D'Young 261. Clark's garrison 72, 96. Clark's island 299. E. Earl Ralph 61, 52. Eaton Francis 297. Edee f)oi geant 269. Edmundii Cap; 52, 176. Clinton Hon. De Witt 68. Cocheco 161, 314. Coddington Gov. Wm. 88. Cole Cui. B. 339, 340 CoU Cap. James 252, 264, 281. L=^ iNDt'A. 367 E.'KC.ip. 51,52. Fliot. R.-v. John, 21. Eliot Cu|>. Jdliii 32«, 327 Eliot's liiog. Dictionary 28, 62, 145, 150, 162, I7!t. 181, 207, 216. Eliot Robert 20(). Endocott Cap. ;]05, 306. [21. Englisli, probable iiumberiof in 1676, English Tlionios 297. F. Farmer and Morn's CoUectioni »li, 103, 257, 29«, 331,335, 336, 338. Fallrivcr xv, 48. Fernald Wilhurn 206. Fivcnations 68. Fletcher Muses 296, 297. Fogland ferry 42. Forbes VVilliatn 101, 209, 215. Forefathers' day 800. Forefathers' rock SCO. Frontenac Gov. 224, 230. Frost Cap. 813. Frost Major 203, 206. Frye Cap. Jainos 334. Fryer Cap. Nathaniel 203, 206. Frye Rev. Mr. 3;i0, wounded 334. Fuller Cap. 3« to 39. Fullam Sergeant, killed 334. Fuller Edward 297. Fuller Mr. Samuel 297. G. Gage Gen. 2S0. Gallop Cap. killed 58. Gallon Cap. John 304, 305. Gardiner Cap. killed 58. Gardiner Richard 296. George 21, 79. [221. Gidney Col. Bartholomew 196, 220, Giles Lieut. 271. Gill Mr 32, 33. GoffGcneral 54,55. Golding Cap. 45, 46, 120, to 123, Gold island 43. Goodman John 297. Gorham Cap. John 221, 247, 252, 255, 262, 270, 273, 279, 281. Gorton Rev. Samuel 28, 104. Gosnold Bartholomew 287. Gourdan Mons. 2(i0, 263, taken 265, 267, 268, 270, 283. Green island 257. Grenville Sir Richard 287. Grimstono 291. H. Hadley 103. Halifax fort 214. Mall Cn| Nmlmnlol IBfl, 15S, 170, llitmnioiid William, killoij U3. [171. lliiiicaiimdiiit ISO, llannii xv, llarinitn Cup, !l9ll, U2», 329, 330 llurrudun (hip. John 2M, 281. MarriHuii Umi. !Mt(, 347, 350. Ilarri«' lliitl, DuruhoKtur 178. Hatch Cap, 206. Hulllold 05, Haveiii Jiii'k Hfl, f)0. Hawkini 180, 187, 188, 104 llawih.irn« J«lm 161, 106, 221. 238. 239.241,212. ' Ilaiseltun (.'hiirlu* 22. lloiichnmii, ('itp,47. OS, 03, Kill Cup, 2.'S4. Uiltoii Miij, Wiiiihrop, killed 257 263. 270.273,274, 2m. 2S1, 284. Ilnikley Guv. 'rhuinui 20, 183, 153, ItiO, IHO, 182. Ilolinon' Aiimr. AniinU xii, 21, 84, 49, 04, 00, (i(), 70, IK), UW, 135. 100,102. 103. 177, 207,210,276, 287,280, 21)0, «»4, \iiM. Iluiioywul l.iHiit, 203, 206. llouk FraiiQii 2011, Ilopkinti (iuii, 347. Hiipkiim Mr. (SiiMih«ii 01, 297. Howlaiid Imtufl 89, ()0, Ml, 114. Uowland Juhu* 88, 89, 114, 118, 127 131, 143. Uowland John 89, 114,297. lliiyt's UeNtiurkjhim 53, 08, 351, lluhl.i»rd'ii Niiirallvu xiv,20, 21, 22, 27, 28, .SO, 32, 34, 30, 30, 87, 39, 43, 47, 49, 52. 64, 55, 60, 57, 63, 09, 73, 01, 100, 109, 110, 112, m, 117, 118, 124, 120, 134, 1H9, 142, 144, 140, 148, 149, 166, 196, 201, 209, 228, 303, 309, 311,314.330. lluhharU Wflv. VVm. t'w, lluukingi Mri. 187, 188. Hudibriw 24, Hunt Can, 288, 2,><0, iiOl, tlunier Cup. 40. Ilutuhinmin MuJ, 201. lIuichinNun Cup, 36, 5>1. Huichmiiuii'K Hmiiiry itl. ,xiii, »iv, J), 28, 29, !iO. 31, 32, 34, 30, 37, 49, 60, 63. 08. 71, 90, 103, KO, 133 134, 135, i45, 140, 154, 16.(, 177 178,21.0.221, 2:^8, 2iiO. 2;i8, 211, 2,'>6, 206, 277 278, 281, 280, 29« 296, 323, Hyroanm xv, 301 r 358 INDEX. I. Ibe-vino 219. 220. Insqriiol Liout. 814. Indian bridge 3M, 337. Indiana, nuiiibar of in 167S| 10> Irish Mrs. xv. Irouuoii 224. J. Jaques Lieut. 829* Jarvu Cii|i. 271. JefTeriei li>0. Julinson C'a|> killed 08> Jciues Cap. 293. K. Keokamuit 34. Kennebeck 171. Koye& i^olomon, wounded SSS. Kickapooa 34U. Kimball Tluiinaa, killed 81S. King Cap. 206. Ixiii King, no luch di(>nity amung Indianii Kirk Sir David 160. L. Lafauro 161, 25t>, 264. Lake 41. Lake Cap., killed 163. Lamb Cup. Juiibiia 252, 291. Laiicostcr 64, 259. Lurking Cap. 236. Luteril Mr. 236. Latlirop Cap. Joseph 200. Lathrop Cup., killed fi4. Lathrop Juhn 181. Lee Abraham, killed 163. Loe Mrs. 163, 164. Lee Ucv. Samuel xil, 199. Leister Edward 297. [162 Levcrctt Gov. Juhn 62, diei 146, Ligh'.fool Cap. 100, 104, 'P, HI. 167. Littlceyes 25, tuken 99, 104. Littlefield Cap. Juhn 'M), 203. Lovowell Cap. John 330 to 336. M. Magnus Queen 103, 108. Makin Thomas xvi, 148, 346. . Manhattans 303. Man sell Sir Uuberl 220. Matagash 327. ]\f aquiis 224. Maquoil 189, 206. Murcii Cap. 206, 286. Murgeson Edmund 296| 297. Marlborough 64, 65 Marshall Cap., killed 68. Marttn Mr. Chriatui^ier 297. Mitrtyn Richard 206. Mason Va\\}. Juhn 3u6, 307, 308. M.iKun Suinuol I(i0. [301, 340. Miistassoit xiii, 18,94, 110. 138,134, .Mulhur's Miigiialia xii, xiv, 20, 22, 26, 47, 60,65, U6, 145, 169. 170, 171, 176, 177, 179, 184, 187, 189, 191, 192, 202, 2U6. 207, 210, 213, 220, 240, 241, :n5, 317. 339, 34L Mattupuiset ;I2, 105. Mallatong l04. . MaxHuld Mr. 179. Maylluwor, a ship 294. Mayr jioint 191. Mudtluhl 64. Mums 231, taken 274. Muiiival Uov. 278. Murryinootlng bay 325. Moluuuinut xiii. Middk'lmrough 51,65,98. Miles Uiiv. Juhn 31. 32. Minot's Mist. 214. Mo)tg, killed 3:>0. Mohawks 54, 68. 142, 224. aohegans 17. ouhugaii 222. Moiio^i-iiuxt 233. Muoaiium 134. Muiiiipiildo 107. Moiitiiiicus 161, 253. Montreal 224, 320. Morse and I'arisli's Hint. Newan^ land 124,339,340. Morse's Annals 31, 124, 126, 138. Morton's Mcniorlal xiii, 23, 27, 28, 30, 80, 133, 134, 164, 249, 231, 289, 293, 29