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CANAiriAN SCEfSERV: 
 
 DIS'lTtlCT ()!•' (;as[>i^:. 
 
 T II M A S ]' V li 
 
 BEAUTIFULLY ILLUSTRATED WITH TINTE1> LITHOGKAI'HS, 
 
 FROM PirOTOGKAPHS HY THE AU'l'IfOR. 
 
 PRINTED Uy JOHN LOVELL, ST. NICHOLAS STREET. 
 
 18ti6. 
 
 -/ 
 

 Eiitcrc I, iipcnnlin- tn tlic Act „f tlic Pioviriciiil l>iiili;iiiicnt, in Iho ywir one 
 lliousiinil cifflit liuiiilrod and sixtyt-ix. by Tihimac I'vk. in the Office nf 
 llio Hciiii'iriir iil' tlic I'roviiice nrCiiiiada. 
 
 
TO HIS EXCKLLKNCY TllK K|,;ht lIONoUKAnLE 
 
 CHARLES STANLEY MSCMXNT M()\( K, 
 
 •iOVKItNOH .JKVKHAL ..F HltlTlMI .VUiTII AMKKICA. 
 
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 Such licing the end I I 
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 lave in vicNv. your Lorflship will. I trust, for- 
 
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 erior District of ( 
 
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 iiave the honour to I) 
 
 My Lord. 
 Your Lordship's duly nrafefiil 
 
 And very humble ser\ant. 
 
 ^''ASI'K IJaMN. OctdlK'r. I 
 
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 Ciuia^iiin^rnifri), District of fcjjc. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 J 
 
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 ••^ ' 
 
 , 
 
 lUiKiiiiK |)roc(>e(liiifjr to ilc^tcrilic (lie viiriuiis Kk-ii- 
 litii'.-< ill (iiis|)(', id' wliii'li views liii\(' ln'cii talo'ii, 
 il iiiiiv Ik' iiin|u'r lit Ipi'jiiii willi a sliort ;;i'iicriil Ai:<- 
 cription ol' the J)i.-*irict. 
 
 Tlie Distriot of <iiis|i(j tuniiH tlic custcni cx- 
 liviiiity of llio I'rovinci' of Lower Ciiiiiidii. It i^< 
 Imumh'd on tlic west liy the Couiity of lliiiiousixi. 
 iiortli liy the IJivcr St. liiiwreiice, east liy the 
 Gulf, soiilii iiy tlie 15ay of ('liah'iirw and tlie Pro- 
 vinee of New llriiiiswick, and lies hetween the 
 parallels of 17' 20' and 111' KV north latitude, and 
 01° and (Hr Md' loiifritude wi'st from (Jreenwieli. 
 
 From Cape Chat, the western limit on the St. 
 Lawreiii'e, the sea-lioar<l extends to the River 
 Ucstij^'oiifhe, a distanee of about 2S0 miles. Tliis 
 Distriet formerly constituted one county, nendin;i 
 only one memher to Parliament, and was f^ene- 
 rally Uiiown as the " liifirinr Difitrlct of Gnniie." 
 The late .Mr. Kol.ert Christie, the historian of 
 Canada, who was many years memlier for Claspe, 
 often stated that " it was a complete terra inco;^- 
 nita, Kainschatlta lieinji better known to the 
 jiiajority of the readiiiii' ]ioi-tion of the coninuiiiit\'. 
 e\('n of these Provinces, than the Inferior Dis- 
 triet !" 
 
 (!asi)e is now divided into two Comities, Gasp6 
 and noiiaventnre, each seiidiiii; a member to the 
 Legislative As.sembly. The former extends from 
 
 C.ipe Chat to Point .Ma(|iiercan. the latter from 
 I'oiiil .MiKinercan to the Uestijroiiche, These 
 counties niiilcd with I'linioiiski, form t!ie (iiilf 
 division, which idects a Legislative Couneillor. 
 
 At'cordinjr l<> the census of iMCil, the total jjopu- 
 hition of the County of (Jasjie was 11,077 souis. 
 This includes nonaventure Island and tln^ MiiR- 
 daicn Island groini, all of which form part of the 
 County for Judicial and elective piirpoHCH. 
 
 The population of llonaventiire at the same 
 peiiod amounted to I;!,)!'.!^, - giving a total of 
 27,16'J for the entire district. Of this population 
 (5,568 are Prote.stants, and 20,t'ill Konnm (^'atholics. 
 
 From Cape Chat to .Sliij) Head, the coast is for 
 the most jiart wild and mountainous, and so pre- 
 cipitous, in many places, that travellers must walk 
 along the sea shore. There is ii good carriage road 
 from (iui'hec to St. Anne des Mont.S, and a prac- 
 ticable line has been traced by Mr. IJaiUairge, by 
 order of the Govornnient, I'nuu that point, in rear 
 of the mountains which skirt the shore to Fox 
 River, which road, when nnule, will complete the 
 line from Quebec to Gaspu Basin, along the St. 
 Lawrence. 
 
 St. Annes is a Seigniory, owned by Mr. John 
 Le Boutillier, M. P. P., who has a good (i.shin^ 
 establishment at the mouth of the river, of the 
 same name, which Hows through the Seignior}-. 
 
INTKOhlCTION. 
 
 Tlifi'o Ih II liUfrc ti'iii-t t)t' v'<'<><l li^ixl ii> tlii'' lixiility 
 wliicli in wi-ll Ht'ttlcil. till- )Mi|Miliktiiiii in |H(1 
 Ihmiik M'.} ciiiiIm. 'I'lii' ilillii'iilty 1)1" a«'f«'HH to IVn'6 
 liiiM ciiiiHt'il tliix |Hii'li(>ii til' ilu> Cniiiity ot'Oiispi' to 
 be iiiiitod to Kiiiioiixki I'm- all jiidiciiil |iMi'|Mirt('rt, 
 rxfr|il ill rriniiiiiil ciiMi's. anil llii'i'i- in alixi a Mcpii- 
 iiitc Konirttrv Oilier at St. Aiinr iltn Mont,"'. 
 
 Mont liOiiii* in till' next iiii|iortaiit "ctllfiiiciit. 
 Tliii^ \t> aJHo a Sci;riiiorv, owin'ij lis Mr. 'riiniiiiix 
 KrasiT of I^ih'Im-c. 
 
 The iifxt Scijfiiiorv is Ma>f<lclaiin'. ii small Mi-t- 
 tlctiicnl ; tiu'ii (iraiiilf \'alli'f ilcs .Monts. wlicrr 
 Mfsurs. NVilliaiii Kniin^r & <'o- liavf a li-liing ela- 
 tion. Fil'tlily, Aiicr ill- Ij'Etaiij;. loiniiioiily 
 known a.s (iraini Ktan^'. Tli(-ri< arc tiiiis live 
 S<'i|:niorics ln'twcm Capo Chat ami Kox Uivrr. 
 The lant in owni'il liv tlic Mc-nis. IiK.i|it'ian(('. oi' 
 Si. Tlioinas. wlm liavc otaliiislu'd tiirn' a wfll- 
 conilucU'il and jirnlilalili- lislicry. cniiiliincd willi 
 wliifli they iia\i' a liiif liiriii. Tin'Sf ^'t•lltll•- 
 iiii'ii, liki' Ali'XiindiM' Sidkirk. may truly nay thai 
 they aiv " niiiiiui'fiiM ut'all tiicy survey." and what 
 irt more to liieir credit is. that ihey are. we lielieve. 
 the only Kreinih Canadian mercliantn who have 
 heeii eniinently Hnccensrui in this jpraneh of Imsi- 
 iiesM on the (iaM|ii! coast. 
 
 Fox Kiver, ot" which a view appears in this 
 work, is the next settli'ment, and here the postal 
 road, wiiicli Toilows the line ol' coast iiiilil it 
 roaches the Uestijrouchc, comineiiccs. A (iourier 
 nianai:es to carr_> the mail twice a week lhroii<rh- 
 out the year, iioin here to St. Aiiiu'h and liack. Tlie 
 openiii}^ of the line of road traced hy Mr. Bail- 
 lairge is nineli needed, and ouj^lit to he urged upon 
 the (loverniiient, by the inember for (iaspe. It 
 would not only cause the conntry to liecome set- 
 tled, liut possibly be the menus of revealin|i' iiidden 
 treasures, in the sha[)e of niinorals or |iotroleurn. 
 The land in the vftUeys is said to be well iiduptod 
 for agricultural ])urpos(;s. This road once com- 
 pleted would enable travellers to drive round the 
 district. — Starting from Hivieru <lu Loup, yon 
 would descend alonji the smith shore of the St. 
 
 Lawrence, asci'inl the IJa\ of ('lialeiii>, and regain 
 your startiii^ point via Malapedia and Metis, 
 
 Following t\\v line of cuasi from Fox River, wo 
 coine to (Irillin Cove, thence to (.'u,ie Hisier, that 
 Scyilaol the Si. Lawrence. An excellent li>,'hl- 
 hoiise has been erected on the Cape, to warn llie 
 milliner of his daii^rer, and a ;.niii is liicd every 
 half-hour in thick fogiry weather. The next jKiiiit 
 is Ship Head, which briiiifs us lolhe Has ofCnspe, 
 u lull description of which is appended to the 
 view. 
 
 niiviii)( reiiclied Cuispe Itasin, we proceed along 
 the .soul hern shore of the bay, w hich is well settled, 
 and is known as Sandy Heiicli. Here we have u 
 neat I'nitestant Church and coinforlable I'arsonajte 
 wliicli. though standiii).' on an einineiice. arc neiirly 
 conci'iiled from view by a line uriive of trees. 
 From this we reach Don^'las Tow ii Ferry, distant 
 iVoni ihc Itasin seven miles. This is the mouth 
 of the Hiver St. .lohn. a iioled salmon slri'um, 
 whose waters are well worthy of being visit(!d by 
 the MMie disciple of Isaac Walton. Like all the 
 rivers on ibis coast, the Hivt-r St. .lohn iias at its 
 entrance a large lagoon, divided from the soa by 
 a low sand bank, forniing a safe harlxiur for small 
 schooners. Tbrre is good anchorage in the bay 
 for vessels of the largest si/e, and it was here that 
 the Uoyiil Si|uadr<ui tirst anchored, on llie occasion 
 of the I'lince of Wales" visit to Canada. 
 
 The site of Douglas Town was originally select- 
 ed b\ a Scotch surveyor of the name of Douglas, 
 and intended by the (Joverninent iis a place of 
 settlement for U. E. Loyalists. The inhabitants 
 are all engaged in the lishery, and are jiriii- 
 cipally Irish and French Canadians. It is a town 
 in inline only, the .sole public building being a 
 Uoinan Catholic (-'hurcli. The high-road from 
 Douglas Town still skirts the liiu' of coast as iiir 
 as Seal Cove, where it strikes tiirough the forest 
 to Hcdle Alice, in Malbay, a distance of about eight 
 miles. This y)oW<»_(/c, the Canadian name for all 
 forest roads, is partially settled towards Alalbay, 
 but the first four miles, on tiie opixisite side, will 
 
INTROht'CTIitV. 
 
 VU 
 
 nlVord till- tnivcllfr a tiiir iilrii nl llic |iriiii<-viil 
 lui't'Nt. On ii'in'liiiif: Ilcllf Ainc, llif liijilimiul 
 juitii* tile |ii)i'lji|.''i! Ill I'i^lit iiii^lri', lii'iiiii-liiii^ III) on 
 till! Ii It Id I'oiiit St IVtci'H, atiil oil tilt' iVIil l*> 
 tlio iiHiiilli 1)1' tlu> river nnil lorry. A:* yon fiiiiMyt' 
 riiiin till' iiiM'tii^T riMil, nil M liiii' rlfur (Im\ , II ^Tuiiii 
 liililniu iiurt.i tin- vy, wi'll wiiitiiv 111 till- iirlisl's 
 pciK'il. Til*' wliiili' riiii^c III' till- I'crci' iiiiiiuiliiiiif 
 rif«' ill all llii'ir iiiii.ii'.'*ty ln'iiir«> ymi, tin- villiijft' 
 
 if I'l'i'ci' Ill-ill); |i: 
 
 illv 
 
 s jsilili 
 
 M 
 
 mill 
 
 t .Inii 
 
 il 
 
 I'lTc/' UiH'k liinii Htrikiiiff nliji-flH to tlic li'l'l, Imlli 
 llii> iircli mill cplit ill till- liiH't. li'-iiiL' iilaiiilv hi'i-ii. 
 
 Ml'JkiUllI llli«l', IliillMM'llllll'i' Ir<lailil ^l^^•l^•lll■s out, 
 
 iKtt niilikf H ftiniiiitif wlmli', ri'Htiiin nn ilir Itowmi 
 1)1' till' vii'-U ili'i'p. 'I'lii' ui'i'iiii iliillril wilii nchhi'Ih 
 aiiil lifliiii); liiiulH. ihtIiiijis ii i-ti-aiiiiT ploii^rliiii;.' ilx 
 Hiiniiitii siirl'ai'r. niiii|ili'l('ft llir m'ii vii'W, wliiic to 
 tiio ri;:lil, liill ii|kiii liill, iiml iiiniiiitiiin ii|>oii iiiniin- 
 
 lilill, rniWIli'il witll tile I'VrrgVOfll I'on'Hl, cxlrllil 
 
 iiH far iin tlu' I'Vi' I'liii roiu'li. 
 
 Till' Hiiy III' Mulliay in u upli'iiiliil sjicct ol' water. 
 Ii(uili(leii Itv I'lTi'e nil tlie one niiie iillil I'nilit St. 
 
 I'.'li'i 
 
 •< nil 
 
 ti 
 
 le iillliT. 
 
 VVI 
 
 leii \iiii arrive a 
 
 t th 
 
 nioiitli of tile river ol tlie Kiune nimie, tin' I'erry- 
 inaii iMiijraiii in rei|iiisilinn. A t'ew liiiiitireii \iinl.>> 
 heynnd the I'l-rry i.-^ a large new Hoiiiaii (.'atiiolie 
 Cliiireli. Tlio river is well nettled alniigtlie liank 
 
 U enllHidenilile ili>taii< 
 
 tile fitreiini. Tlio liiir- 
 
 iioiir in aei'i'.-'.'^ilile lor kiiuiU crall niilv, on account 
 
 il' th 
 
 (1 liiir at the inniitli ol the river. Tli* 
 
 lagoon \H very extensive, i'nruiing a heaiitit'iil -heet 
 ol' water, when the tide is high. On tlii.t river 
 tliurc is tdso good saliiion nnd trout tishing, and 
 (ihuiidanre of wild fowl in snring and fall. 
 
 Having ('ros.>ied the ferry, the road runs along 
 the sand hank which divides the sea from tlu; 
 lagoon, a distaiiec of four miles, to the corner of 
 the Heacli, 11 siiiiill settlement, eonsisting of a few 
 respectahle families. Here the road cDinmences 
 wliiidi winds in rear of the St. Amies range to 
 Pcrc^, a distance of about live and a half miles. 
 The scenery through this mountain gorge is truly 
 grand, and the i'oiiteiii|ilatinn ol' its beauties will 
 
 iiinre than ciiiii|ieiisate the toiirisi lor the dilliiiil- 
 ties of the mad. Atinut a mile frniii Ihe highest 
 
 jininl. \n\t |iiis,4 ininii diiltelv b\ the liaxe \){' a stu- 
 [lendnu..* wall of en iglnineiale, which a|i|iears iiH 
 thoiigli it IumI been ii|ihn\e by atiolher .\thi>i. 
 'i'ln're are indieatioiis .11 around I'efce, Ihai at 
 some ilislaiil jierind the moiintiiins have been rent, 
 and vast masM'ndislndged Irniii their original posi- 
 tioii by some violent convulsion if nature 
 
 ,\ lew miles oiil of i'eii'i'', the couiiirv assumes 
 a level appearance; the mountain ranges gradu- 
 ally disappear from the background, and there is 
 evidently a wide extent of land in the iuierior, 
 Hiiited for agriciiltiiial pur|K)s«'s. 
 
 The roads liiidughnut the. County of (iaspe 
 
 are tnleliilily g I nil the wlinle, fnr a liew and 
 
 sparsely settled couiiIin. 'I'lmse in theTnwnsliip 
 of IVrc<; are decidedly the worst, and most of the 
 bridges are in a \eiy danger. iii.- stale, wi'lmul 
 railings nr guard nf any kind, to prevtMt the 
 tra\ellei I'loin being prctipitated into the al ■• •! 
 belnw. 
 
 Till' Cniirt House and (Jaol at I'eri'e heing in a 
 nioNt dila|iiilateil state, there is every probability 
 (luit new buildings w ill be erecteil at ( iaspe llasin, 
 which will then become the shire town. 
 
 The distance from I'erct'- to Cape Cow is eight 
 miles, and ten frnm thence to (Jranil Ui\ii. The 
 land lliroiighniii this sectimi ,A' the county is w. '.i 
 adapted lor agricultural piirpo.ses, i;oin|>aratividy 
 level and Well watered. All the liont lots are 
 occupied, and the inhabitants are evidently pay- 
 ing more attention to their farms than heretofore. 
 
 (irand Ili\er is the only one in the District of 
 (Iaspe which has bei'ii bridged iiy the iiihaijitaiils. 
 The money was jinrrnwed from the '" Municipal 
 Loan Fund, " and it is much to be regretted that 
 what might have been an important |iulilic bciielit, 
 bids fair to become a public nuisance, in I'onse- 
 i|Ueiico of the dissensions between the inhabitants 
 to wiiich it has given rise, 'i'lic harbour at (irand 
 River is a bar harbour, accessible only to small 
 
 VCNScls. 
 
vm 
 
 INTmilU I'Tlox. 
 
 Tlic Scijiniorv <>!' I'nho.s )ciiis iluit ul' (Jniiitl 
 HiviT. liittlu I'iihoM is tin- lU'xt sfttli'iiu'iil, witli 
 a river of till- siiiiie iiiiini', wliicli was bridged l)y 
 the Gi)veriuiu'iit in 1841. Next comes Groat 
 Piihos, wliere a cliartered Knglisli eompany, under 
 liic MMiin' dl' the (i.is|)o i-'isiiery and Ct)al Minim.' 
 Conijiany, furiiierly eslahlislied tlieir liead (luarlers, 
 and si|iiandiM\'(l tlie moneys tutrusteil to fliom liy 
 till' du|ied sliareliolders. Under liie Kren<'ii rule 
 tiiis a|iiu';irs to iiavi' hi-en a well st'tt led ioeaiily. 
 On a small island, in tiie middle ot the lauoon, 
 traces could lie lately seen of what once ciinsti- 
 tuted the foundations ami cellar of a large lionse, 
 Haid to 1)0 that of the (Jovernor or Inten<lant. 
 The I'eHKiilis of three mill-dams on the north side 
 of the river were also visible, and (ho Narious arii- 
 clos found from time to lime ]irov.' that a consider- 
 ahle numlier of families must have once oc<;uiiied 
 the I'ront. 
 
 Pahos is a liar harbour and very difl'ioult of 
 nccesn". There are two rivers which empty them- 
 selves into the lagoon, at a short distance from 
 each other. A large portion of the land in Great 
 Palios is unlit i'or culture. 
 
 The Pabos. as well as (Jrand Riv(>r, ore the 
 resort of large Hocks of wild fowl in the spring 
 and fall. The inhabitants are all s^jiortsnu'ii. 
 The distance i'rom Grand River to Pabos is about 
 eight miles, thence to Newport, throe. 
 
 The Pabos estate may be said to ho ii. ('linncory ; 
 part of the buildings have lioen sold and romo\ etl, 
 the rest are going to ruin. 
 
 Newport is a snug littli' co\o, with good anchor- 
 age i'or small vessels. There are two .small fish- 
 ing establishment.s here, one belonging lo .Mi'ssrs. 
 Charles Rubin & Co., tiio other to Mr. Piiiliii 
 Uamon, a native of Jersty. wli.i residi's lit."- with 
 his family. About two miles beyond aio two 
 sniiill patches of rock, called the \ow[)ort island.'*, 
 when; Captain Philip Dean, of Jersey, once had a 
 fishing stand. A mile and a half further brings 
 11.-^ to Point Maiiui'r'.'au. the western boundary of 
 the (.'ounty ol" Gasiie. This point niiirks I lie 
 
 entrance lo the Bav of Chaleurs, tlie Island of 
 Miscon, dis'ant about liftecn miles, being the 
 hoiiiidary of the bay on the New Rrunswick side. 
 
 From the Islands the road leaves the shori',ainl 
 passi's through the woo(ls a distance of about live 
 miles to L"Ance an Gascon. Point .Miiipiercau is 
 not visible i'rom the road, .so that the traveller 
 jiasscs the boundary hot ween thi' two counties 
 without being awaroof it. Tl . ..■.ml through this 
 portage is rocky and scarcely fit i'or soltlement. 
 
 Having roacliod L'Ance lui Ga.scon. the country 
 is again liroken, and yitn have a continuous suc- 
 cession of hill and dale. Tlie scenery from this 
 to Port Daniel is bold and romantic,— and when 
 you reach the summit of the range of Devil's Capo, 
 (sDine call it Cap an Diablo, others Cap a I'Enfer,) 
 the lieantif'il bay of Port Daniel suddenly meets 
 the eye, and a sidendid and varied panorama 
 lies before you. As you descend the mountain, 
 on a (iiu' summer al'ternoon, an interesting and 
 anuising scene often pr onts it.self. The li.shing 
 boats having just reti 'ned, men, women, and 
 children are all busily 'gaged in landing, split- 
 ing, and carrying the lis to the stages. At the 
 mouth of the Port Daniel ivor wo havoagain the 
 usual lagoon, and bar whi prevents the entrance 
 of vessels of any size, hv.' hero is good anchorage 
 under th'Capo. On this iic east side ol the river, 
 just at the hariioiir's i ,ith. snugly ensconsced 
 nndin- the hill, stands ti '{oman Catholic Church. 
 
 The "(laspe I'ishery and Loal Mining Company" 
 commenced an t>stablislimont, and built a couple 
 of small vessels on this river, — and tlu'ir so-called 
 coal lield. <i l/eil of tihaJv, is about three mili'S up 
 the stream. 
 
 ('rossing the ferry, aliout a (|narter of a mile 
 fiirtlicr. is another river, on which tlioro is a snuill 
 •aw-mill. A goixl substantial bridge, built by the 
 Government, .-|ianned this stream, but the approach 
 from tiie westward being a .sand-bank, without 
 protection of any kind, has been wasiunl away, and 
 no steps luive been taken by the Municipality to 
 repair ihi' daiii;ig(>. 
 
INXItUlJLtTHJN. 
 
 IX 
 
 111 tlio 
 traueo 
 lorage 
 river, 
 nisced 
 
 llll'L'll. 
 
 |]iiiiy" 
 
 CDUlllc 
 
 •callo.1 
 Ics up 
 
 a iniU; 
 
 small 
 
 In tlie 
 
 )|iriiacli 
 
 \ illlDIlt 
 
 ay, and 
 
 This is a thriving settk-inent, having many good 
 farms in and around the Bay. Port Daniel is also 
 the mune of the Township, whieh commences at 
 Point Ma(|Uoroau. 
 
 As you ascend the liill, on the west >ide of the 
 Bav, there is a small I'reshyterian Church, aud on 
 the lcV(d heyond, another place of worship helonu- 
 ing to tile ("hiirch of England. 
 
 From tiiis point the country assumes a level 
 appearance; the land is hetter adapted for agri- 
 cultural purposes, and tlie I'arms denote a higher 
 state of cultivation. 
 
 An hour's drive I'rom Port Daniel brings us to 
 C'higoiiac, asuiall settlement, through which riinsa 
 good mill stream, with two grist mills erected on it. 
 There is also a small E|)iscopal (Jhurch and Par- 
 (sonago. This is in the Township of Iloiie. Al)outa 
 mile aud a half lurlher is a small Itomaii (_'atliolic 
 Chapel, which is in a settlement callecl Nouvelle. 
 Beyond this we come to a small cove and river, 
 with a small grist mill upon it. Having crossed 
 the bridge, we come to a line level tract of land, 
 called Hope To\.'n. The settlers are chietly Scotch, 
 aud the line farms aii.l good buildings prove tliiit 
 the owners are industrious and economical. The 
 road from this to Paspebiac is iierfectly level. 
 The last three miles pass through what is termed 
 Hope Town Woods, a tine piece of forest land, 
 owned by Messrs. Charles Robin & Co. But these 
 geutleinei' iiaving sold or lea.^ed the lots ahmg the 
 road, for settlement, handsome cottages are spring- 
 ing up, and the forest is fast disappearing. 
 
 As we emerge from the woods, a number of ves- 
 sels at anchor, and the line white buildings on the 
 low sandy beach, denote that we are approaching 
 some important place. This is Paspebiac, of which 
 a description will be found appended to the view. 
 From Paspebiac to New Carlisle is a beautiful drivi" 
 of three miles. The Bay of ('haleurs is liefore you 
 tui the lelt, in all its beauty and gramleur. The 
 adjacent coast of New Brunswick, which is now 
 plainlv seen, forms the background. On the right 
 you line well cultivated fai'iiis and neat cottages. 
 
 The whole range ol' laiui, from Nouvelle Hiver to 
 the (ii'eat Bouaventure, is of e.vcellent i[ualily for 
 agricultural jjurposes. 
 
 From New Carlisle ti Bonaventure River, a 
 di.-laiice of about eight miles, the road is tame 
 and niiiiiteiesting. the onl\' objects worthy of 
 mention being two grist mills. 
 
 The Bonaventure is a large rivev, abounding in 
 saluKui and trout, ami ibrnis an excellent harbour 
 for small vessels. Some years ago vessels of 2110 
 to 2")U tons could load here with limlier. liut the 
 bar ha.H increased so much of late, that vessels 
 drawing more than eight to nine feet cannot enter. 
 An extensive business has been carried on in Bon- 
 aventure, at various periods even within the hi^t 
 ten years, but it appear.s as though some fatality 
 attendcil all who have attempted to establish them- 
 selves in tiiis locality. Notliing is done here now, 
 and the harbour is wholly deserted, o.vcejit wlun 
 the coasters ol' .Messrs. R(d)in. or Le Boutillier 
 Brothers, come in to collect (isli ; or in spring and 
 fall when a number of schooners, which winter 
 here, arc being fitted out or laid up. No extensive 
 lumlier trade could be established in this locality 
 at [iresent — all the rear lands from Paspebiac to 
 New Richmond, or nearly so, being still owneil by 
 the Gaspe ("ouipany. The sale of those lands was 
 an act of injustice to the inhabitants (d' the Town- 
 ships of Co.x aud Bonaventure, who are thus almost 
 precluded from obtaining even lirewood. This river 
 is the resort in spring of immeiise shoals of smelt, 
 which enter it to spawn, and thousands of barrels 
 are recklessly destroyed by the inhabitant,'*, for the 
 pui'pose of manuring the land. TiKUisauds of 
 barrels of herrings, of which fabulous (|iuuitities 
 arrive, are every spring used for the sami' jairpo.se. 
 The herring do not enter the river, but literally 
 roll on shore along the sandy beach, which extends 
 from here to Little Bonaventure. The inhabitants 
 have liei'ii known to drive their carts to the water's 
 ed're, and there load by scooping the fish from the 
 sea witii a <lip-uet. 
 
 To the westward of the harbour is a fine new 
 
X 
 
 INTKODUOTION. 
 
 Roiiinii Catholic Church, the liirgewt we Ik'Ucvo in 
 the District ol' (iiispt". Boniivt'iittiro in ii ijopv.ious 
 Tijwiisiiij). i)ri,Lamilly sottlcd by the AciulianH. 
 
 Three milos further i>riiigs' us to Litth> Bona- 
 venture River, a small Htroam scarcely deserving 
 the name of river. In l.SoG the Hay of Chaleurs 
 w:is ci)nii>let('iy frozen over, from the Cireat Bona- 
 veiiture tti Batlmrst, the whole surface of the Bay 
 being an smooth as a pond. Numbers of persons 
 crossed over with horse and sleigh, even as low as 
 Little Bonaventure, fnmi which forty persons 
 went lo IVtit Koclier. a di-tance of fifteen miles, 
 for ash to make hoops. 
 
 Though tins is generally known as the Parish 
 of Bonaventure. it is now the Township of Hamil- 
 ton. 
 
 A couple of miles beyond Little Bonaventure, 
 the country assumes a more picturescpie appear- 
 ance, with a succession of hill and dah;. Passing 
 Black Capes, a Scotch settlement in the Township 
 of New Richmond, a grand coup iTn'U presents 
 itself as you reach the highest point. The 
 Village and Bay of New Richmond form the foro- 
 groinid, with the settlement of Maria running 
 along the liase of the Carletou Mountains, which 
 tower aloft in rear. To the left of these you see 
 the islands near Dalliousie, and the New Bruns- 
 wick const from thence to Bat hurst. Having 
 crossed the Little Cascapedia, you pas.s the Pres- 
 byterian Church, on your left, and .soon reach 
 what may be termed the village. Here is situated 
 the line pr.'perty owned by the iK.'irs of the late 
 William Ciithbert, Ksq., a Scotch gentleman, who 
 carried on a large busine.-*s in the linnber trade 
 and ship-building. .lust beyond, is the Roman 
 Catholic Church. From Black Capes to the Great 
 Cascajjcdia is a good agricultural district, princi- 
 pally occujiied by Scotch settlers. Thi' land 
 between the rivers is a fine level country, oc(;u- 
 pied in rear as far as the seventh Concession. 
 There is good safe ancluu'age I'or large vessels 
 between the two river.s. This sIkjuUI have been 
 the site of the Shire Town, being inure iiMitral, 
 
 and better a(la[)ted in everv respect than New 
 Carlisle, from which it is distant about thirty 
 miles. Both the Cascapedia Rivers abound with 
 salmon and trout. 
 
 Crossing the Great Cascapedia we land in the 
 Township of Maria, which extends along the sea- 
 shore at the side of the Carletou Mountain range. 
 Just as we leave the river, the road passes through 
 a snuill Indian settlement of the Mic Mac tribe, 
 and a little beyond is a grist ami saw mill. About 
 four to five miles from the feriT is a large new 
 Roman Catholic Church. The land along the sea- 
 shore of Maria is low. the road being but little 
 elevated above high-water mark. This is a ])opu- 
 lous Township, the soil being good, some three 
 concessions deep, to the foot of the iiiouiitaiiis. 
 
 There is nothing worthy of notice until we 
 reach Carletou Church, a large new building, about 
 a mile from tlu' \illage. There are no Protestant 
 jilaces of worship on this side of New Richmond. 
 
 Passing the village of Carletou, we proceed 
 through the township, which at this ])art is a 
 narrow slip of land, scarcely one concession deep, 
 until it touches the base of the mountain, which 
 rises here with a steep acclivity. The summit is a 
 line tableland. Here the inhai)itantsof the village 
 obtain their firewood, which is brought to the 
 edge, and then shot down the inclined plane. A 
 considerable exti'iit of land has been cleared on the 
 suminit, and good hay is raised to feed the cattle 
 which are employed in drawing the wood during 
 the winter months. 
 
 The next Townshi]) is Nouvelle, which includes 
 the Si^igniory of Schoolbred. Nouvelle River is a 
 consideralile stream, alioiiuding in salmon and 
 ti'oiit, the latter being the linestfish we have i^vcjr 
 seen. Megouacha' Point, which is seen on the left, 
 is about two miles from Dalliousie, and derives its 
 name I'rom the red colour of the soil, which, in 
 the Mic Mac language, means a long time red. 
 We cross the river by a bridge at some distance 
 from Nouvelle Basin. An hour's drive brings us 
 to the Township of .Maun, in which is situated the 
 
INTUODlJfTION. 
 
 XI 
 
 Mic Mac colony known an Mission Point. The 
 total number of Indiana in the County of Bona- 
 veuture at the last census Ava» (111, of vvlioin about 
 500 are located at this jiiace. They liiivo their 
 own Church; and a Roman Catholic Missionary, 
 who speaks their language^ is stationed here. 
 They have turned their attention to agriculture — 
 n largi; tract of land being specially reserved for 
 their use. and sonie of them are in toleraldy easy 
 circumstances. One of the tribe, known as IVter 
 Basket, paid a visit to Iler Majesty Queen Victo- 
 ria, some fifteen years since, and returned with 
 numerous presents which he had recoiv( d from tlu; 
 hands of our gracious Sovereign, and the lamented 
 Prince Consort. 
 
 Tiie Iiulian settlement is on the bank of the 
 River Restigoiu'he. nearly op[)osite Canipbelltown 
 on the New Brunswick side. 
 
 Restigouche is the next Township, then. Mata- 
 pedi.'t, the last in tiie County of Bonawnture. 
 These ♦ownships are but sparsely settled, but the 
 hind is go.)d and well suited for cultivation. 
 
 The huul throughout this County is little infe- 
 
 rior on an average to that of some of the beat 
 Englisli Counties, and as good grain, peas, beans, 
 l)otatoes, turnips, and vegetables of all kinds, can 
 i)e raised as in the old eountry, in prool" of which 
 we need only state, that wheat grown in New 
 Richmond took a lirst prize at the Paris Exhiliition. 
 
 It is to lie hoped that the Intercolonial Railroad 
 will be continued along the North Shore route, 
 that is from Riviere du Louji to ('iini|ibellto\vn 
 and Didliousie. In that case this line country 
 would rapidly be settled, and tla- Restigouche 
 become an important sea-port. 
 
 Travi'llers who wish to esetijie the sea voyage 
 can now visit Gasjie by tiie land route, a good 
 road having been ojiened from Restigouche to 
 Metis. Tiu' varied ami nuignificent see lery on 
 tiie banks of this line river will anqdy compi'usate 
 the most fastidious tourist f>r any dilfRulties 
 the road may prc.-^ent. 
 
 We may observe here that we have thought 
 proper to include views of two places on the New 
 Brunswick sid >, viz., Bathurst and Dalhousie, 
 owing to their situation on the Bay Chaleurs. 
 
Wf liiiVf to iK'kiiuwlcdiic (Pill- ()liliaiiti()ii.« to scxcial of oiir t'ri<'iids, wlio have contributed 
 iiit'orinatioii made use ol' in tiiis work ; and. in jtartic ular, we would Ije^f leave to return tlumks to the 
 t'oUowiui;- j^entleuicn. lor tlieir valiialile assistanee to us iu the iirosecution of our hihours: — The lion. 
 Mr. Justice TiioMi'soN. of New Carlisle; Ml'. Sherill' \'iiii;iiT. of I'eree : M. F. Gii;.\ir, and A. 
 CAUrviU. Ks(|s.. of Pashel/iae: \V. IJmdwin. Ksi|.. of IJathurst ; 1). SrKw.MiT, Esi|.. of DaHlousie; J. J. 
 Fox, Esq., of Majrdalen Islands; .louN Ki>i:.v, ('. C. Fox. M.\i.C(ii..« Sincu.mh, Gkokge DbMKKASii, Esqs., 
 of Gaspe Basin, and P. Ml rnsos. Esq.. (,'ro\vn Laud Surveyor, of New Carlisle. 
 
\v. 
 
 .\ "u :!«•:< ll'i»',-|C' 
 
 '.r. ■itil;. iddli:' III M'U 
 
 II. ' '••t;i I'll 111 ' i.'tOi- I 
 
 IM' -il III liii)-- Wurl-. , ;i: 
 
 111. in I'.irt H'liUr , u .. '.vii',1 
 
 
 >vii.utc(i 
 
 Ml 
 
 i'iii.'iv :|i J ^(iillciiii IJ, !nr llliir \':ilu;i''lr ii>« -1 
 
 Ml .F'!-(i .■ 'l'ii"\irsi'\. <il Ni'»\ *"arK.-ii' 
 
 <'\i;. s'M. l-:.-i]i-.. <.f I'.-t^!'! ,i.i. . ^V. !'.vi ' > 
 
 F"\. K-<( . .,1 .M,,i;.ia|.'ii 1-iii-ii.l-: .'- li-' i- 
 
 'I- ; p till' ;•! v-ti 'i! 
 
 '! 
 
 (i:.^-J.t' i?M-i 
 
 ^!l in^ov. l']*i.- ' I'vivv .1 ). 
 
 ■ I , .'i in:."Fl!W Tl). ll"ll 
 
 ■•n.*. '■• \U •■■.■ . Vi. ^ (Ih'.Mr, liinl S, 
 
 I. ■■(' Ni'« < .ivli.''!' , 
 
11' 
 
 I I 
 
 v"* 
 
CANADIAN SCRNERV — PKK('<: HOCK. 
 
 IS 
 
 PERCE ROCK. 
 
 TiiiK vii'w ri'prosfiitH (ino ot" tlm most rciimik- 
 ablo objects tliiit luuet i\w vy^'' of tlu> iniiriiiL-r or 
 traveller ulon}^ the entire Ciiimdiaii neaboiirJ. To 
 the former it is an excellent bencon, ai.d is one of 
 those extraordinary monuments of t lie Omnipotent 
 Architect, which once seen can never be for>^otten. 
 
 Us name of Porc6, i)roi)erly Le Rocher Perce, or 
 the Pierced Rock, is not derived from tiie hole 
 now seen, wliich was very small a, few years ago, 
 but from that' which formerly existed, I'nrminp; the 
 space between the Rock and its ontwanl watch- 
 tower. The arch ga^'s way with u terrific crash 
 in June, 1846, and this is now called the split. 
 The present '' Hole in the Wall" forms a perfect 
 arch, being about sixty feet in height by eighty 
 in width. At low water you can walk through 
 and scan its mighty proportions; at high water 
 fishing boats can pass through. 
 
 The Rock is composed of mottled yellowish and 
 reudish limestone (supposed to belong to the upper 
 Silurian age), which is gradmilly yielding to the 
 devastating iK)wor of the elements. Its base is 
 accessible at low water on the south side, as seen 
 in the view, to foot passengers, who can walk the 
 entire length to the split. But on the opposite 
 side the water is so deep that a line-of-battle ship 
 could run stem on. It is distant some 200 yards 
 from Mount Joli, on the mainland, and is about 
 3U0 feet high at tliis part. Its length is about 
 1400 feet; its breadth, at the widest part, oOO 
 
 feet. It i.s nearly perpendicular on all sides, and 
 may, tiu'refore, be considered inaccessible; but in 
 1818, Messrs. Moriarty and Dugai, two residents 
 in the village, undertook the dangerous ascent, 
 and having gaine<l ilie summit, a strong rope was 
 well secured thereon, by means of which the ascent 
 was again nnule during several years, for the pur- 
 pose of cutting the long grass which grows on the 
 top. This grass, being made up into bundles, was 
 lowered into l)oats anchored below, and as unich 
 a^ three tons of hay was thus obtained annually. 
 A by-law was ultinuvtely passed by the nnigistrates, 
 prohibiting the ascent, in conse»iuence of a man 
 having lost his life while making the perilous 
 attempt. 
 
 A reuuirknble feature connected with the Rock 
 is its being the resort, during the sununer months, 
 of vast numbers of sea-fowl, who mak(> their iu>sts 
 on the summit; — and in July and August, when 
 the young are Hedged, and the parent birds have 
 returned in the evening from their foraging ex- 
 cursions, the whole surface of the Rock literally 
 swarms with thousands of birds, nuiking a most 
 discordant noise, which can be heard at a distance 
 of several miles, and in dark nights or foggy 
 weatiier, warns the mariner of his proximity to 
 Perc6. Captain Davidson, formerl}- of the .steamer 
 " Lady Head," has often gratified his passengers, 
 by firing a gun whilst passing. This causes a 
 perfect cloud of gulls, gannets, cormorants, etc., 
 
li 
 
 CANAIilAN SCKNKKY — I'KIH'i:; ItOCK. 
 
 toriHciiiid set ii|) tlu^ iiiont (lirtcdriluiitiiiKl uiUMirtlilv 
 ^cIIm iiiiiI wii'iiiiiM iiim^'iiitiMc. 
 
 Kiic'li f<iiO('OMt<iv(' lull tin' ri-iitlicri'ii (K'l'iiimiitc of 
 WtvA Rock iibaiiilon tlieir birtli-piiuv for boiiio 
 niildi'i' region, rt'tiiriiiii^ with tlu^ lirHt iiKlicatioiiH 
 oC H|irinj;. 'I'lieir iirriviil in iilwnvi* liiiilt'<l with 
 plfiLMiiri' liy till' iiiliiiliitaiitH of tht- locality, wlio 
 iiro tIniH uHMiiri'il of tlic fpirdv diMapiioaiiimu' of 
 the iff and snow, hy wliiili tlicy liavf licfii sur- 
 idnndf(i during tiic pi-f vioiis livo inontliH. 
 
 Smvfyor (ifiitral Moiiflicttf. in iiin Topopra- 
 pliifal l)fMfii|iti(in of LoWfi- (.'anada, piildinla'd in 
 1815, Hpi'aking <d' Peret'', myn : — 
 
 " Very iifar tlic sontlifrly point of Mai Hay 
 tiiero it* a. n-inaikablf rofk. rising al)out two 
 liundred loft out of tin- watfr, and ahouf twtdvu 
 
 hinidrfd i'lt in lcn)j;lh, in whioli thoro nro threu 
 
 ari'lifs foniplftfly wroii(.'lit l>y natin'f ; thf ccntrf 
 ohf is sntlififiilly larj^c to allow a lioat under Huil 
 to piiMH throii^li it with (>iu*t>." 
 
 A1>1m' Ferland, in his .Icnirnal oi" a Voyap- on 
 thf siiores of (laspf. ohscrvfs, that "ovfrvtiiinn 
 woulil st'cni to indi(;ati', that in hyfione aj;i's the 
 Kock and Mount .l(di wrrt- united liy siuiilar 
 arche8, iin t)piniou (;onlidently f xpreMHed hy Denyrt. 
 wlio viHitfd this spot two eenturies hack. At the 
 period of his lirsf visit, there was only one ar<'h. 
 I5ut when he returned uiaiij* years after, he fouud 
 that the sim had sfooped out two others, one of 
 which ho Hays disappeared throu};h the crnnihliug 
 away (da |)art of the rock." 
 
I y 
 
 I.INMlUN * l-ST.*; "*}^IK (»,«> 
 
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CANADIAN SCENKllV — FOX UlVKIl. 
 
 15 
 
 FOX RIVER. 
 
 FdX RivKU its tilt' firs<t iTiiportaut settk'iiicnt, 
 iiiYer Grmule Vall(5o, sis you (Il'scoikI the St. Law- 
 rence, and ist twc'iit}-<jnc' niilos uIjovc Capt' (iasiji'. 
 The cove of Fox River is aljoiit a mile and a 
 quarter iu depth, and allords a sale shelter f'runi 
 north-west to south-west winds, for vessels of a 
 light draught of water, such as schooners of 150 
 tons and under. .Reefs extend from the N. W. 
 and S. W. points, forming a hreak-water, and 
 reducing the entrance to about half a mile in 
 breadth. But in gales from N. E. to S. E. a heavy 
 SCR rolls in. The river is an insignificant stream, 
 which can only be entered by fishing boats at 
 high water, except in .spring tides, when it is 
 accessible to small vessels drawing from seven to 
 eight feet of water. Being an excellent fishing 
 stand, this cove is thickly populated, as indicated 
 by our view. The cod-fishery is the great com- 
 mercial staple and source of employment along 
 tliis coast; but the soil being good, most of the 
 settlers have more or less land cleared and under 
 cultivation, and many begin to devote more of 
 tiieir attention to agriculture than heretofore. 
 Barley, oats, potatoes, turnips, and all kinds of 
 vegetables are grown to advantage. 
 
 As a fishing station, Fo.\ River is generally 
 considered one of the best in the Gulf, one of its 
 great advantages being the close proximity of the 
 fishing ground. The boats are often anchored 
 close in shore, say a cable's length. There are 
 
 five mercantile houses in the cove. — Messrs. Win. 
 P'ruing & Co., Wm. Ilynian, .Fohii de St. (>roix, 
 .John Le Conteur, and IJIouin Brothers. It is a 
 great reiule/vous for the American fishermen dur- 
 ing the mackerel fishery, fifty to sixty schooners 
 l)eing often anchored in the cove at one time, 
 whose cargoes are not un frequently caught within 
 a few miles on either side of the harbour. This 
 simple fact proves the importance of our fishing 
 grounds to the Americans. 
 
 The only place of worship is a large Roman 
 Catholic Church, commenced and linished within 
 the last three years. There is a wooden building 
 u,sed as a Court House, the Circuit Court sitting 
 hei'e in the month of August. 
 
 The Queen's highway, or great postal road from 
 Quebec via Metis, anel round the Bay of Chaleiirs, 
 may he said to end hero for the jiresent. From 
 this, ascending the St. Lawrence to St. Anne des 
 Monts, there is only a footpath, which frequently 
 diverges along the beach, where the mountains 
 are almost precipitous to the shore. But Mr. G. 
 F. Baillarge, who was sent to explore, having 
 reported that a good road can be made through 
 the valleys in rear, it is to be hoped that the 
 Government will cause the work to be pro(!(>eded 
 with immediately, and thus complete the line from 
 Quebec to Gaspt'- Basin, along the shore of the St, 
 Lawrence. Some idea may be formed of the 
 chiinge which has taken place in these parts, from 
 
IG 
 
 CANAKIAN SCKNEUY — FOX I!1VI:1!. 
 
 tin* following ('xtnict from Boiichettu',s Topogra- 
 pliii'iil IVsdiiitioii oI'LowiT Cimadii,-—!! work jMili- 
 iislicd ill IM"), villi' pajri- '"iS'i : — 
 
 •• Ik'twi'cii Capo RoziiT and Cape Chat tlu> coast 
 is iiiDimtainous and barren, having only tinci' or 
 four hoiisfs tiiroiighout thi' whole distaiire, licsidi's 
 a small settlement tA' a few liiiuilies at Aloiit 
 Tiouis. in the vicinity of which there hajjpens to 
 l)e some laud lit for culture, altliough there are 
 live seignorial grants of land within that space." 
 
 There is an excellent road, made under the 
 supervision of Mr. A. I'ainchaud, from Fox Riser 
 to the Peninsula, or nortli-west arm, distance about 
 fourteen miles, thence to Gasp<j Basin b\ water, 
 three miles. This. road ])asses through (iriiyin 
 Cove, six and a half mih'S distant from F(jx River, 
 where there are two large Hsiiing establishments. 
 That on the \. W. side belongs to Messrs. Win. 
 Fruing .<: Co.: that on the S. W. to .Air. John Le 
 Roiitillier, M. 1*. 1'., who, in addition thereto, has 
 a tine farm, and a new and comfintable dwelling- 
 house. There is a i;ood road along the shore from 
 
 this to the light-house at Cape Rozier, distant nine 
 miles. 
 
 Fox River is the nearest part, on the main- 
 land, to the Island of AnticiteJ, being distant 
 from the .south-west jwint about forty-five British 
 statute miles. 
 
 Our view of this ])ictnres(|ue liovc is taken from 
 the I'ape above Messrs. Win. Fruing lSj Co.'s estab- 
 lishiiieiit, which does not appear in the plate. 
 The first buildings on the right hand corner are 
 Mr. John De St. Croix's new establishment. The 
 next group to the left is that of Messrs. L. A. 
 Blouin & Co. Tiie Roman Catholie Church forms 
 a [irominent object on the rising ground, the I'ar- 
 sonagc appearing to the right. Three schooners 
 are seen anchored in the harljour. The cluster of 
 buildings near the left are those owned by Mr. 
 llyinan. 
 
 The high land, forming the background, is [lart 
 of the nioiintaiu range which bounds the eour.se 
 of the 8t. Lawrence. 
 
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CANADIAN SCKNERY — (IKAND OUKVE. 
 
 17 
 
 GRAND GREVE. 
 
 (Ji!ANi> (liiEVE is a (Isliiiif^ Hpttlcnicnton the iiortli 
 side of Giispi! Hay, distant about five iiiili's iVom i 
 Sliip Head, and takes its name from a largo [)cl)l)lo i 
 l)L'acli, wliicli lias evidently been formed by the i 
 action of the waves in westerly storms. j 
 
 Our view represents the fishing establishments 
 of Messrs. Wm. Fruing & Co. and Wm. Hyman. ! 
 The latter establishment consists of the group of 
 buildings in the foreground of our view, where a 
 stage-head extends furthest into the water. The 
 buildings beyond, with the llag-staff in rear, and 
 the whole of the beach above-mentioned in front, 
 belong to the (irst named firm ; the portion front- 
 ing, and nearest the sea, being seen between the 
 two stage-heads shown in the view. 
 
 Grand Greve was originally settled as a fishing 
 stand i)y the Messrs. Jauvrin, of the Island of 
 Jersey, about 1770, and was purchased by the 
 present proprietttrs in 1857. It is th(> head-(|uar- 
 tcrs of the present firm, as it w;is of the .Messrs. 
 Janvrin, from whom the firm also purchiised an 
 estaljlishmeiit at Gaspe Basin, and another at 
 
 Gridin Cove. The Messrs. Fruing are rapidly 
 extending their business, having fishing establish- 
 UKuits in Fox River, Grand V'allee, on the north 
 shore, and on the Island of Anticosti. The whole 
 island has been lea.sed by them for a term of years. 
 They have also an establishment at Shippegan, 
 New Mninswick. Mr. Hyman first settled at 
 Grand Greve in 181'J, and is doing a thriving 
 business in the fish trade, having establishments 
 at Giisp6 Basin, Fox River, and Mont Louis. 
 
 The road running along the base of the moun- 
 tain is the highway which skirts the shore iiom 
 Peninsula to Ship Head, and joins that which 
 leads to Griffin Cove and Fox River. 
 
 The cove beyond Grand Greve is that of Little 
 Gasjie, where the lead mines are situated. The 
 site of the mines does not appear in our view, 
 being in that part of tlu' cove to the right, which 
 is hidden by the high clifV. A shaft has already 
 been sunk some distance into the brow of the 
 hill ; explorations continue, and two new vi'ins 
 have lately been discovered. 
 

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CANADIAN SCENERY — Ct\HV(: BASIN, 
 
 19 
 
 GASPE BASIN. 
 
 The Bay ol'daspe, which coninionooH at Ship Head 
 on the north side, and Point St. Peter on the south, 
 branches off from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It was 
 first discovered on the 24th of July, 1534, by 
 Jaciiues Cartier, who, })lanting there a cross and 
 shield with the Fleur de Lys, took possession of the 
 country in the name of the king of France. The 
 bay is about twenty miles in length, and averages 
 about five miles in breadth. Tlie coast, especially 
 on the north side, is mountainous, and althougli 
 there are houses scattered along the shore, there 
 are but five settlements of any importance. These 
 are : Grande Greve, where there are extensive 
 f iiing establishments ; Little Gaspe, having a 
 valuable lead mine, which is owned and worked 
 by a chartered company ; Peninsula, on the north 
 side ; Douglastown, on the mouth of the St. John's 
 river; and Sandy Beach, on the south. At the 
 latter place a low sandy projection extends about 
 four miles across the bay, forming a natural bn'ak- 
 water, with a deep channel at its northern extre- 
 mity, about a mile in breadth. This forms a 
 splendid sheet of water, and may be termed the 
 outer basin, with safe anchorage for half the 
 British navy. About two miles further is what 
 is termed the North-West Arm, being the mouth 
 of the river Dartmouth, fiowing into and increas- 
 ing the extent of the outer basin. Proceeding 
 to the westward, is a narrow but deep channel, 
 forming the entrance to the basin which receives 
 
 the waters oC the river York, generally known 
 as the South- West Arm. 
 
 For picturesque sceuei'y and quiet beauty, 
 Gasp6 Ba.sin is unsurpassed by any other locality 
 on the Coast. The shape of the Basin is irregular, 
 being alxjut four miles long, with an average width 
 of about half a mile, but so completely laud- 
 locked, that even when a heavy gale prevails out- 
 side, there is scarcely a ripple to be seen on its 
 dear deep waters, which reflect as in a mirror the 
 many-coloured foliage of the trees overhanging its 
 banks. From the woods in rear, the land slopes 
 gently to the water's edge, mountain upon moun- 
 tain, thickly wooded, rising in the back ground iis 
 far as the eye can reach, and assuming the most 
 fantastic shapes. The soil is fertile ; most cereals 
 grow well, but wheat is a doubtful crop. Tt nuist 
 however be noticed, to the credit of the place, 
 that Mr. Abraham Coilin, a Ga»ipe farmer, received 
 honourable mention for the wheat exlul)ited by 
 him at the Paris Exhibition, in 1855. Root crops 
 thrive admirabl}', and the marshes afford excel- 
 lent pasturage for stock. But, as in other parts of 
 the district, farming is unsystematic, and nuich 
 behind the age, all the energies of the people 
 being devoted to the staple brancii of industry — 
 the fisheries, principally the whale and cod. 
 Fifteen or sixteen vessels fit out annually for the 
 prosecution of the former in the Straits of Belle 
 Isle and on the Coast of Newfoundland. 
 
20 
 
 CANADIAN SCENEUY — UMil'f: BASIN. 
 
 The settleiiK'iit ol' Giinpo Bii.sin has nipidly in- 
 cren«ecl of late years, the present popiiUitioii ex- 
 ceeding eleven hundred souls. There are two : 
 Episcopal, one Roman Catholic church, and also a 
 Wesleyan chapel. The fact of Gasi)e l)eing the i 
 chief port of entry under the free port system, j 
 has tended to accelerate the centralization of the i 
 trade of the district, therchy greatly l)eneliting j 
 tills locality. This will he evident from the fol- 
 lowing tahle of imports and exports : 
 
 FOKEIG.V TRADE. 
 
 mrORTfl. KXPOBTS. 
 
 ']Hr.7.... 
 
 |,g . •• 
 
 . . $23.1,.''.'>0 
 
 18.'i8 
 
 IH.'iO.... 
 I860.... 
 
 
 331,950 
 3U0,:i92 
 2K(v'Jj8 
 
 $1,037,450 
 
 18fil $374,731 
 
 18(i3 430,180 
 
 IS03 42S,I123 
 
 1804 r.ll,703 
 
 1HG5 ,'i98,,'i:l<J 
 
 $2,2l;i,77« 
 
 COASTIXG TUADE, 
 
 1861 $338,203 
 
 1802 311,384 
 
 1803 3011,440 
 
 1804 351,7111 
 
 1805 447,383 
 
 $r>io,ooi 
 
 CM, 123 
 704,011 
 7'.pO,H89 
 
 $2,750,893 
 
 $o;io.470 
 
 091,075 
 752.221 
 737,184 
 8 1 '.1, 138 
 
 $3,030,094 
 
 $178,779 
 132,359 
 148,922 
 134,063 
 107,824 
 
 New wharves are being constructed, .several 
 stores and dwelling iiouses are in course of erec- 
 tion, and the Basin appears about to become what 
 its magnilicent Harbour and central [losition en- 
 title it to be, the capital of Gaspe. 
 
 The Fisheries having heretofore been consi- 
 dered the sole lucrative branch of industry, the 
 vaat mineral wealth of the District has been en- 
 tirely neglected. But the oft-repeated opiiuons 
 of geologists have at length awakened public 
 attention, and a new source of wealth is about to 
 be developed. The valuable Lead Mines of Little 
 (rasp6 are at present worked with every pro,-<pect 
 of success ; and a remarkably rich lode of Galena, 
 containing six veins, of which that eminent geol- 
 ogist, Sir W. E. Logan, entertains the highest 
 opinion, occurs at Indian Cove, about two miles 
 
 helow Little Gasp<;. Petroleum has also been found 
 in numerous places in the vicinity of Gasp6 Basin, 
 and the most experienecil explorers believe that 
 this is as rich an oil-bearing district as any in 
 Canada or the United States. Two Companies 
 have commenced boring, and three more are ex- 
 pected to be in operation at no distant period. 
 There being no longer a doubt respecting the 
 mineral wealth of the District of Gaspt^, and 
 the capital reiiuired for its development being 
 forthcoming, there is good reason for believing 
 that Gasp6 Basin must ere long become a place of 
 consideralde importance. 
 
 During the visit of the Prince ol' Wales to these 
 Provinces, in 1860, the Royal squadron, cinisisting 
 of the Hero, Armdue, and Flyin;/ Fish, anchored off 
 Donglastown, on Sunday evening, the 12th of 
 August, and proceeded up the Bay on the follow- 
 ing morning, intending to enter the Biu^in. But 
 Captain Orlebar, R. N., who acted as Pilot, not 
 being aware that a mud bank was forming on the 
 left of the proper channel, kept the Hero too 
 much to the .southward, where she unfortunately 
 grounded, and when she was once more got afloat, 
 the squadron put to sea, and proceeded up the St. 
 Lawrence. It was at this place — the outer Basin 
 — that the then Governor General, Sir Edmund 
 Walker Head, and the Canadian Ministers of the 
 day, lirst welcomed the Heir Apparent to Canada. 
 The Sheriif of Gaspe had the honour of present- 
 ing the lirst Canadian aihlress on beiialf of the 
 District, that is, the united counties of Gaspe and 
 Bonaventure. 
 
 GASPE BASIN— PLATE No. 1. 
 
 This is a view of the north side of the Basin, 
 looking upwards to the west, and shows tlie beauty 
 and security of the Harbour. On the Point jutthig 
 out, on the left, is a steam saw mill, erected some 
 years since, by Mr. Shaw, but which unfortunate' y 
 has not lieeu in opcraticm for a length of time. 
 On the brow of the hill stands the Episcopal 
 
CANADIAN SCENERY — OASPfi BASIN. 
 
 21 
 
 Church with the parsonage in rear. The next house 
 near the shore, is the residence of J. C. Belleau, 
 E8((., H. M. Collector of Customs, and belongs to 
 the estate of the late James Porchard, Esq. The 
 house behind is the residence of N. Dumerusq, Esij. 
 The large house tt) the right is the Gaspe Hotel ; 
 then, following in a line, are the residences of 
 Messrs. George Dumerasq, Collas & SIouh, James 
 Carter, Captain John Vibert, John Carter, J. J. 
 Lowndes, J. Wilson, and then the Roman Catholic 
 Church ; next the residences of Mr. J. J. Kava- 
 uagh and Mr. Stuart, and, lastly, a two-story 
 stone house, the residence of Mr. John J^hort, 
 the Mayor of Gaspe. The Point to the right 
 is what is termed the Bluff, and is the point at 
 which the outer sheet of water divides into the 
 North-West and South-West Arms. The mouth 
 of the North-West Arm is distinctly seen in the 
 distance to the right of the view. 
 
 The buildings on the wharves in front are all 
 warehouses. They are chiefly used for storing 
 the cod fish, collected by small schooners on the 
 Coast, and brought to the Basin for convenience 
 of shipment on the larger vessels which transport 
 it to the various foreign markets. The schooners 
 shown in the Plate have been employed in col- 
 lecting fish as above mentioned, and the larger 
 vessels, also shown in the Plate, are those which 
 take the fish abroad. The buildings in the fore- 
 ground are those on the south side, as shown in 
 Plate No. 2. The hills in the background are 
 part of a ridge which divides the Basin from the 
 North-West Arm. 
 
 GASPE BASIN— PLATE No. 2. 
 
 This is a view of the entrance to the Basin on 
 the South side. On the extreme left is a Penin- 
 sula called Adam's Blufl', which, as the view 
 shows, is well settled. The Cove formed by it is 
 the Port ballast ground. The Harbour or Basin 
 properly commences at the first white store, where 
 a brig is seen loading dry cod-fish in tubs for 
 the Brazilian market. All the warehouses in this 
 view belong to the firms of Messrs. Fruing & Co. 
 and John LeBoutillicr. In the background, 
 where the hill rises abruptly, is Fort Ramsay, the 
 residence of John LeBoutillicr, Esq., M.P.P. A 
 fort actually stood here at one period, and several 
 guns still remain on the high banks which over- 
 look the water. The land on which they stand is a 
 government reserve for purposes of defence . The 
 house on the extreme right is tiiat of Mr. A. Pain- 
 chaud, crown land surveyor. Then *bllows the resi- 
 dence of Mr. Horatio LeBoutillicr, Consul for Italy 
 and Vice Consul for Brazil and the United States. 
 The range of hills in the background extends 
 along the whole South side of the Basin, divid- 
 ing it from the St. John River. The line of hills 
 seen in the distance, to the left of the view, is 
 situated on the North side of Gaspe Bay. The 
 schooner seen at anchor is the La Canadienne, 
 employed by the Canadian Government for the 
 protection of the fisheries, under the command 
 of Pierre Fortin, Esq. 
 

 
 
 
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CANADIAN HCKNUKY — Oil, VVKI.I.S, iJASI'l^;. 
 
 2:< 
 
 OIL WELLS, GASP6. 
 
 Tins view rcprcHentrt thodoirick ii( tin; will of tiic 
 Gii«i)6 Petroleum Coinpiuiy, better known as the 
 Conant Well, Hitiuitcd iit Siuuly Bench, about 
 two milcB S. E. I'roin Cii\hi)<'' Hiiniii. The Company 
 commenced operationw at thiH well in July, 1865, 
 and the well it* now 776 feet deep. 
 
 Tiiere is another well about two miles up Silver 
 Brook, a branch of York River, whidi it enters 
 about eight miles west from Gasp^i Basin, and is 
 known ait the Ga»p6 Bay Mining Company's, or 
 the Campbell Well. This well was commenced 
 in 18(i0, and is now sunk to a doptli of 1000 feet. 
 Tlie drilling in l)oth wells is performed by steam 
 power. 
 
 The indications of oil at the above-mentioned 
 wells are good, and judging from the reports of 
 the difl'crent geologists who have visited Gasp6, 
 amongst whom may be mentioned Sir William E. 
 Logan, J. P. Lesley, Esq., Philadelphia, Professor 
 Robert Bell, Kingston, C. W., and Charles Robb, 
 Esq., Mining Engineer, Montreal, the wealth of 
 the Gasp6 Petroleum field is unbounded ; time 
 and money alone arc necessary to dev(dop it. 
 
 The following is a geological sketch of part of 
 Ga8p6 district, prepared for us by Mr. Malcolm 
 Sinclair. 
 
 The geological formation met within the portion 
 of Gasp6, extending from Cape Gasp6 to Perc^, 
 is known as the Gasp6 limestone and sandstone, 
 and within its limits is found a ricli petroleum 
 
 Held. The liuiestone belongs to the niiililie and 
 upper Silurian age, and the sandstone cliielly to 
 the Devonian. 
 
 The limestone, about 2,000 feet thick, is over- 
 laid by the sandst<me, whicli Iius in many places 
 a thickness of 4000 feet, and in other places not 
 more than one or two feet. 
 
 The limestone l)eiug almost a mass of fossils, 
 amongst which may be enumerated fucoids, corals 
 of nuiny varieties, trilobites, and an infinite vari- 
 ety of bivalve shells, is good evidence of the 
 wonderful luxuriance of organic life in the remote 
 ages in whicli those rocks were deposited. 
 
 The sandstones furnish the fossil remains of a 
 great number and variety of plants, among which 
 are Psilophyton princeps, Prototaxites, Logani 
 lepidodondron, Gaspium, Cordaites angustifolia, 
 &c. 
 
 Between the beds of sandstone, in sonic places, 
 are found tieams of bitumenous shale, which burns 
 with a bright Hame, and emit^s great tjuantities of 
 gas, giving out a strong aroma similar to mineral 
 coal. 
 
 The limestones are of an excellent quality for 
 quicklime or for building purposes ; and the sand- 
 stone, from its compactness, and the freeness with 
 which it dresses, is also valuable as a building 
 stone. 
 
 Between Cape Gasp6 and Little Gaspd Cove, 
 several veins of galena have been discovered. 
 
24 
 
 »;ANA1»IAN 80KNKBY — Olt WKl,l,«, HAHH- 
 
 K\|>loniti<>iif nil Mdiiu- i)t' tluiiii lit liittlo Giixpt^ urit 
 luiw bt'inn i>ii)m!Ciitt'il with vifrour. " IjciuI in 
 Kiiiil to liii..' 1..I-11 mined lor iit tiu' iiliovr iiliicc, 
 hclort" tlif coiKiiU'Hl ol' the coimti \." Sovcnil loim 
 of pure f^iilcMiii liiivi! aliciidy bei-ii tiikon out, hold- 
 iii^f four oiiiiccM iifnilvfr to tlic Ion. 
 
 Thi' rockw in the iilmve-iiu'iitioiu'd Hoction of 
 Oiix|i('' fold over lour diU'crtMit iintiidiniil uxch, nm- 
 iiin^ ni'iirly itiirulUd to fuch o'Ikt, hi-uring N. W. 
 nnd 8. E. 
 
 Along the crown of thorn.' luiticlliuilc, nurfaw 
 indications oriictrolcuin lia\ c hccn discovered in at 
 leant ei>;iity-l'oiii- diircrcnt places, and in two or 
 threes localities, asplialtum or liardcnecl pctndeinn. 
 Two widlw were coinniciiced in iSCill. t)iie about 
 a mile west of Doiifijlastowii, on the south side of 
 the Hiver St. .John, was sunk that season to the 
 depth of l2o feet. IVtroleum has been collected 
 at tluH place, an it oozes through the mud and 
 shingle on the beach. 
 
 Tiie same year another well was opened about 
 two miles up Silver IJrook, a branch of Vork 
 River, which it enters about eight miles west from 
 Giisp^ Uasin. Tiiis well is now sunk to a depth 
 of about 1000 feet, and tiie prosjmetH for oil at 
 present are very good. 
 
 The Gaspe Petroleum Comimny commenced a, 
 third well at Sandy Beach, about two miles S, E. 
 from Gasp<5 Bivsin, in July, 1865. It is now about 
 775 feet deep. Several barrels of oil have been 
 obtained. 
 
 In the list of minerals in this district may 
 be comprised ziiur, glance, variou.s ores of iron, 
 copper, galena, &o., and we have just reiuton to 
 believe that gold will yet be discovered. 
 
 Malcolm Sinclaik. 
 
 The following is an extract from a pami)hlet 
 published in New-York by E. J. Genet, which 
 shows the advantage Gaspe has, in ])oint of trans- 
 portation alone, over the Petroleum lields of I'cnn- 
 ftylvania, Virginia, Ohio and Western Canada. 
 
 TIIK NKW I'KTJKII.KIM RKlllON OK (JAH|-f5 
 
 Till" urciit luiil iiirii'imiiii/ ilrnmnd for I'llmli'itin or //nci 
 Oil, ftiiil iu hiiviii;; liccdiuc an lU'liili^ ii\' /iriiiif iiccL'st.tity, iiro 
 fiictn tiH) well uiid K<'<>u<'iilly «n(lt'r»t<KHl to nooci cotnmoiit ; 
 but tlitTi' arc Moiiie factt (•(Piiiicctrd witli tliiit iriiportuiit inter 
 I'Ht iKit Mil well and ni'ii(M'all_v iiiidrrstdud, wliich arc wortliy 
 tliii luirrl'itl riliidy anil ilililvralf iiivr,slij;atiiiii Ht'tliiwo ciij;aK- 
 «m1 ill till' |irodiu:liipii nl'iTudi' oil in I'l'iiiwylvaiua, Virxiniii, 
 Oliiii and Wc'ittorii Caiiudii. 
 
 Till' |iriiii'i|>iil ilitliriilly proiliiccrN at tliiinc jiiiintH liavc to 
 liii'i'imtcr, in the cu»t nf triiuKfnirlatim tn uiarkrt. aii<l llic aiiii- 
 pettli'ii cncoiintiTi'd in tlic ;;ir;il l']iirii)i('an crntrrn nl' tliat 
 busini'HH, tVoiii till.' artilioini iii'ndiii'ti'iiirioI'MtuiniiiimHrtlialcand 
 foal oil fikctoriu.s in the ilitTori'iit kiii^doiiiH in that ooiitinont. 
 
 So j^ri'iit III!.'* till' i'oii.siini|iti"ii of tliis kind ol oil liccmno, 
 that vant tmnis of nioncy am constantly lii'in;; iiivi'Ktt'd in 
 Kuropu in tlic piircliaMi' of liituniinoii.s slialc and coal InndH, 
 and tlio cmction of luio ontaliiirtlitncntM for its production liy 
 urtitii'ial iiicans. 
 
 'I'lial fact ri'Mdci-s it of tlic Id^/hfut i)ii/>'ir/itiir,' ti\ .Vincrii'iin 
 prodiict'is to study and hco wliat it ooHts to produce oil in 
 Kui'ope I'loiu sliali'H and coal, and what it co.st« alone tii/ni)M- 
 port it from tliu viAU licrc to the name j^rcut iiiarkcU, in order 
 tt umkc a comparative calculation, and ascertain at what 
 jKiiiit the cost of transportation from the wells of I'ciinsylva- 
 iiiii, Vir;;inia, Ohio and Western Canada, woiilii rnuhr ihi: 
 produiiion of fii:tn>leum hi/ avlrdan well» nu longer fimjit- 
 able Id the produrer* In thuHf luealitiei). 
 
 The most reiiahlo fiuide to ascertain that point is by adopt- 
 in;; the followin;; statistics and facts, taken from " Tlii: Ite. 
 pitrl u/ llic l/'niteii Sttiten llcveniie. Coinminihin on Petroleum 
 ii» a tourct of national revenue" givinj; reiwons for rocom- 
 mending; to the ('on;;ros.s of the fTnited States that the revo- 
 iiue tax of ()«(' diillar a. barrel on crude oil be taken off, a» 
 ruinout to the prodacem in the Pennni/lvania liistrietii. 
 
 February 18ti(!. 
 
 •' The CommiHsion having taken oon.sideralile tostimoiiy 
 respecting the iiroduction of oils in Europe ; and from the 
 character of the gentlemen examined, their superiiu- intelli- 
 gence and excellent opportunities for obtaining information, 
 it is believed to be entirely ri.'lialilc, both as regards th(! facts 
 and the opinions baaed upon them. • • • « 
 
 " The most recent observations in July and yVugust, IHfiS, 
 showed the following facts: In North Wales and Stafford- 
 shire the material used was the cannci coal. Some fifteen or 
 twenty mines and oil works were visited there. The number 
 was very great and rapidly increasing. • • • • 
 Tlie total cost of the production of the refined oil was Is. 3d. 
 (30 cents) per imperial gallon. 
 
 " In Scotland, the manufacture was very extensive, both 
 from the boghead coal and the shales. Mr. Young had 
 recently bought a large tract of shale lands ut an outlay of 
 from i<.")()0,000 to *1, 000,000. 
 
 
CWAIH \.N mK\k(H OH. WKI.I.S, ii.\Sl'(!:. 
 
 2.1 
 
 "(»ii till roiitilii'iit, flic utiliiii iiicrfimr in llic lniKiiii'iw 
 iinil till' Hiiiiic I'viili'iicc cif |ir<M|M'rily wrrt' viHitilc. Tin' clijcr 
 I'oiitrcH III' ull |iriiiliic;i(iii wen' iiliniit Autiin in Kniiici', tViiiii 
 thi> HhaloK nn<l Hvliiitti* ; iilinul llonii, in Hvritxi'rlaml, in (ho 
 ilcpnrtnu'litit "f lliillc lunl Mi'itlicr^^, in Siixuny, lunl in 
 Itiilirniiii IrniM tlii^ sliali'K iinil liruwn ical. 
 
 " At dill' ninir iiiiil liu'lciry ill WiMitudiilVllH, livi /iiiitdnd 
 Iftboiirt'iK wiTc rin|iliiy<il. 
 
 " III FruiiiM', ilif [iriHliit'tion I'roin Hlmli'D in l)t'ing vi'ry nmcli 
 oxtciiilcil, anil liirK'' iiivcstnicniH nl' i'«|>itiil ari' luin;.' inailr 
 in that liiii'i'tiidi." Tin; tn'Ht iiliiii'il nil at llicm' ractniirM 
 waM si'liiii;; at piici-H •• ii|iiivaiiMit In I'mni tliirty-twn totliirtv- 
 oi;;lit tivuU, K"l'l> l»'i' AiiiiTii'im ;;alliiii." 
 
 At'tor n|it'iikiii;{ lit' till' then price nl' rnnlc ami rt'liiu'il nil 
 in tlic City nf Now York, limy Hay : 
 
 " Ailtl til tln'Mi' prii'c.i, till' I'rrii^litM to Lniuinn, for cxainplu, 
 wliifli rtill Ihi ;! 0-IOtli ciintft per ;^ii11iim. Allow I ciMitu per 
 (gallon, til I'ovcr iiiHuniuco, li'uku;;i', ami curtago, ami other 
 char^oM on the other riido, ami we liml that eruile oil will cotit 
 till' rthippcr ill Liiiiiliiii '2!l cciitH )iir Aiiierican ;^ullon. llu- 
 lineil will coat tlir sliiiiper, in l.onilon, iL'i ci'iits. " ' * 
 It will 1)1' remiMnberi'il that, in July hwt, tlie l';n>;lisli proilu- 
 cers ot'ciial oil wcro Helliii}^ their liest refined oil at In. liil. to 
 Is. 7(1. per imperial ;;allim, whieh is eipial to 1 'J-IO Amori- 
 
 eaii t^alloii. 'I'hejie priees wnuM I ipiivalont to .'iO and ;ilj 
 
 eeiitM per Ann'riean ;.;allon. 
 
 " The artiuil ciml to the Knj^lisli maniit'ai'turer wan Htateil 
 Is. :td. [ler iin|ierial j^alloii. So that the cost reniixiiiin;^ the 
 mimi^ the Kiif/IUh /iroilucir would have a niarj;in of I7J 
 (•i*n(« per ;^allon hi'it ur xhipfur. Allow five cents per j^al- 
 lon for the ilitt'ereiiee .n i|iiality, and lii.s nuir;^iii would still I 
 be l;U eent8 per gallon. • • • If the demand dhould I 
 fall iitf f^reatly »•<? will be tlrii<eii /rum the iiuirkeU of Europe, ' 
 iinlesH there tlioulii he n reduetiun of the ehiiri/en, eupenien, , 
 and burden* on our coiiuiiudity on thin m'de. I 
 
 " The t'ollowiiij^ aceomit wa.s pre.Mented to the Commiswioii , 
 by Mr. Wm. L. Lay, one of the (.'oinniitteo of tlio Chambur i 
 of Cominerco of Oil City, I'ouniiylvnnia, showinj.; the cost, 
 c.xjionses and returns of an actual purchase of one hundred 
 barrel,'* made aliimt the l!>th of January, and settled on the 
 7th instant," (February, IHiili.) 
 
 " The purchase was at Tarr Farm, in Vonaiij^o County. 
 
 100 barrels of oil at 84 '2,') each, 
 
 100 barrels to contain same, at ••*;! 50, 
 
 Wagi^on frei;iht to Uoiio. at •♦l 'i.'i, 
 
 Freij^ht by rail-road to New York, at i!<4 ")0,. 
 
 Coopcra;;e, leakage, &c., 50c. each, 
 
 Commission, 2i per cent, 
 
 *4:J;1 
 
 ;!o0 
 
 125 
 
 450 
 
 50 
 
 31 
 
 •*1,4:{1 
 Add freight to London, 3 (i-10 per gall. ; insurance, 
 
 leakage andhandlingon theother8ide,4c.pergall., 326 
 
 And wo find that those 100 barrels laid down in 
 
 Loudun, cost #1,757 
 
 — $n 57 a barrel ; about lli| comIk n gallon, estimating 42 
 galloim In ibi. Imrrrl. 
 
 // ;ii/////;(i/ had been paid the proiluri'i'H at the wells in 
 I'eniisylvanin for that 1*10 barrels of oil, it kIiows on a mere 
 ipu'slion of empty barnls, trnnsporlalion, and itieidenliil ex- 
 peiisi'rt, the follnwing I'esult-i, HJiii'li ^lioiijil ai'Tst tlie serioiw 
 atteiitiiiii of all those i'tlgil;;ed in the business: 
 Total cost of 100 barrels oil purehased at Tarr Farm, 
 Venango County, I'ennsylvania, and shippud to 
 
 liondon, +1,757 
 
 I bdiu't i'i'i< of oil at woIIh 425 
 
 Empty liarreJH, transportation, fie., <'I,:!;12 
 
 So we liml that the I'ost alone of the eiiiply barrels to put 
 the oil ill, ami the transportation of llieiii tlllid with oil, with 
 neietisary incidental expenses to Iioiidnn, waswl;! :!2 a bar- 
 rel, or about thirty-ow and a half wwU u gallon, uipiivalent 
 to 10? cents per gallon in ifnld, estimating gold at |:17. the 
 then market rate in the City of New ^'ork, 
 
 It enKtK to refine oil, say the Cotiiniissioii. " five cents a 
 gallon;" this adiled would show that if that 100 barrels had 
 been refined oil, the prime cost (paying nothing for the crude 
 oil) laid down in London would have been »<15 42 a barrel, 
 ci|iiivalent to ■*!) 72 a barrel in gold, about 22J cents per 
 gallon. 
 
 In order to carry out the object of this com]iilation, it is 
 necessary to ascertain what it costs to nuinufapture oils in 
 Europe t'rom shales, schists, and " fatty coals." 
 
 It will be rciui'mberiil that the Coniinissioncrs say it eoth 
 to manufacture these oils 25 cents a gallon, ami the produc- 
 tion is a rejiii'd oil, so it is hard to establish at what point it 
 is ei|uivulcnt in tlie jiroccss to a crude petroleum oil. It 
 would appear, as self-evident, that if we deduct from the 
 entire cost the cost of refining petroleum, the remainder wo\dd 
 show the value of coal and other inaniil'aetured oils at the 
 point in the process where they would be ei|uivaleiit to being 
 ill a crude state. 
 
 Cost of refined oil from coal, iltc, $10 50 
 
 Deduct five cents per gallon for refining, reducing to 
 
 gold at 137 1 35 
 
 Pur barrel, gold, #9 15 
 
 Or about 22 cents a gallon. 
 
 It is for these reasons that the commissionera assert that 
 the Kuropean manufacturera hold the power in their hands, 
 by drop|iilig the price of their oil, of driving the oils of this 
 country out of their markets ; they also show that at the then 
 prlco of petroleum oil, and the expenses of running a well, the 
 foreign producer had an advantage over our American ship- 
 pers of 1;U cents a gallon. 
 
 If a nnc oil territory is discovered on this continent, so 
 advantageously situated that it.s oii can be put in thi? great , 
 markets of the world nt a price below that at which it can bo 
 produced from nhalrn and eual in Europe, and below that at 
 
!■ I 
 
 2« 
 
 CANADIAN SCENKKV — OIL WELLS, OASPE. 
 
 / 
 
 / * 
 
 ) 1 
 
 wliich it can be trmmpitrtfiKTi^m ri'iinsylviiiiia, Virj^iiia, Ohio 
 Western Canailu, its iinj.iortitncv and value would bo l>cyond 
 calculation. 
 
 It is for these reasons that the attention of biisinets men 
 is invited to the m-w and important mjionof (Satjul. 
 • •♦••*• 
 
 Oil at this point can be placed on shiplward almost directly 
 from the wells, and at the tolli-wing expense ! 
 
 liarrels, it"! <50 ; carta;;e and handling, say, ijtl ; freight, 
 insurance, &c., to London, ^'-l ; i-cfining, $1 'i't. Total ex- 
 pense per barrel laid down in London, $<j 95, or only about 
 liij cents per gallon. 
 Prime cost of manufactured oil per barrel, in London, SIO 50 
 
 " " Gasp.? " " " (i !>o 
 
 Profit per barrel over manufacturers in Tiondon,, . iji;i 55 
 Prime cost. eni])ty liai'rels. and transportation, from 
 
 oil wells in Pennsylvania to London, *10 40 
 
 Prime cost of Gaspe oil in London, ti tl5 
 
 Profit per barrel in transjiortation over Pennsyl- 
 vania, f .3 45 
 
 This serves to show that Gasp(! oil ])o8aesses an advantage 
 in Euro])ean markets over the prime i^ost of "(7ii manufac- 
 tured from shales and coals, of $-\ 55 a barrel, and over the 
 iM/((n(i localities of Pennsylvania, &c., on the mere question 
 of barrels and transportation to London, of #:! 45 a barrel. 
 
 It must bo self-evident to any one that if oil is foun<l in 
 paying quantities at Gaspe, it must become the yreat Held 
 for future operations, as it could always put its oil into mar- 
 ket at a Jiandsoiiie jimfit, while selling it at a rate which would 
 be ruinous to the oil interests of J'ennsi/lrania, Virginia, 
 Ohio, and Westcfi Canada, as well as the shale and coal oil 
 factories of Europe. 
 
 The oil is of a verii superior character, is almost absolutely 
 free from any odour, and there is every reiuson to believe that 
 the loeality is one of the most extenxlce and remarkably pro- 
 misinff oil districts yet brought to light. 
 
 t 
 
 RKPOKT OK THK PKTUoLlOl M REGION OV GASPE, 
 CANAHA lOA.ST, 
 
 By Jiobt. Bell, G.E., F.G.S. (fate of the Qeological Harvey 
 of Canada), Professor of Chemistry and Natural 
 Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, C. W. 
 
 Ge.ntlkmen : 
 
 The existence of miner \1 oil in Gaspe appears to have been 
 known to the aborigines long before the country -vas inhabited 
 by white men. The Indians brought the crude oii to some of 
 the earliest settlers, who, as a matter of curiosity, burnt it 
 in their lamps. The first announcement of it is contained in 
 a letter from .Mr. MeConnell, of Gasp<'' liiusin, pulilished in 
 the Proceedings of ihe Lit("rary and lli.storical >Siciety of 
 Quebec, it> 18;](). This letter described the Petroleum under 
 
 the name of Harbadocs Tar, and states, that it is common in 
 
 <iasp(5 ; a bottle of the oil was sent to Quebec with the letter. 
 
 i Sir William E. Logan, Provincial Geologist, visited the 
 
 * district in 1844, and hi his report for that year elaborate dos- 
 
 ! criplions are to be found of tho oil springs of Douglastown 
 
 and Silver Brook, although at that time, as is well known, tho 
 
 substance was not considered of (sconomical importance. In 
 
 a report pulilished in 184t!, Count Dc Rottermund suggested 
 
 a possible future use for the Petroleum of (Ja8])<!, but from 
 
 the then almost isolated position of the district, it is only 
 
 now that these indications of untold wealth are beginning to 
 
 attract the attention which they deserve. 
 
 The upper oil-bearing rocks of Gaspd, like those of West- 
 ern Canada, North-western Pennsylvania and South-western 
 Ohio, arc of Devonian age, and consist of a series of sand- 
 stones and shales, resting upon an immense thickness of 
 upper silieian limestone, also oil bearing. These strata arc 
 sometimes overlaid unconformably by conglomerate of carbo- 
 niferous ages, from which Petroleum has been observed to 
 proceed in several places. 
 I The great thickness of these oil-bearing rocks is of inipor- 
 1 tance, as aiFording material from which tho Petroleum may 
 I be generated. Locally the sandstone varies in thickness from 
 I a few feet to several hundred feet. The underlying limestone 
 is ipwards of two thousand feet thick, while tho oil-bearing 
 rock of Western Canada is only about three hundred feet 
 I thick. The geological structure of the district is such aa to 
 I present us with a great variety of conditions. 
 I In some places the anticlinals bring the limestone through 
 I sandstones with tolerably high inclinations, while in others 
 the sandstone or the limestone, from which the sandstone has 
 1 been removed by den\idation, is found extending for a consi- 
 deralile distance with very little dip. Thus the arrangement 
 I of the strata sometimes resembles that of the oil region of Vir- 
 ginia, and sometimes that of Peimsylvania. 
 
 Tho rocks are quite unaltered, and consist of porous beds 
 ! like those of the other oil regions, capable of retaining the oil 
 I in large quantities, until allowed to escape to the surface by 
 ! artificial oi)enings. IJoth the sandstone and limestone abound 
 j in evidence of being rich oil. In some tracts almost any piece 
 i of the limestone, if newly broken, affords an odor of rock-oil, 
 i and if thrown into the water a thin scum of the same sub- 
 '; stance is seen to rise to the surfaec. The calcareous spar in 
 ; the limestone is almost alw.iys impregnated with the oil, and 
 ] thickened Petroleum is frei|uently observed in cavities. In two 
 places asphaltum isfo\nidin trap dykes cutting tlie sandstone. 
 Both the Umestone and the sandstone are traversed by joints 
 such as are generally considered necessary for storing the oil. 
 The shale bands in the foniiation probably act benefieially in 
 fonning, as it were, tight conqiartmenta, and preventing the 
 wholesale escape of the v(d\l:ible fluid to the surface. 
 
 The abundance of animal remains in nnich of the sandstone 
 and limestone is taken as a favonilile indication of I'etroleum. 
 In adilition to sea-weed the sandstones are very rich in the 
 
 ^*^^«wr^ 
 
CANADIAN SCENEKY — OIL WELLS, GASP£ 
 
 27 
 
 remains of land plants ; of these Dr. Dawson has already 
 named and described a large iwmber, and his researches show 
 that in this part of the world, at least, there was a much more 
 profuse and varied flora in Devonian times than geologists* had 
 hitherto been aware of. Beds of mineral resin or coarse amber, 
 varying from a few inches to a foot in thickness, are also of 
 very common occur-cnce in the sandstone. The limestones 
 are iociilly rich in animal remains, and almost everywhere in 
 the remains of sea- weed. The latter are believed by the best 
 authorities to bo the most imjwrtant source of I'ctrolcum, and 
 their great abundance in the Gasp<? limestone is a feature 
 worthy of careful consideration. 
 
 The natural surface indications, consisting of springs of 
 mineral water, •' oil gas" and Petroleum, are of the most 
 encouraging nature, and give great promise to the produc- 
 tiveness of the district. Upwards of eighty distinct localities 
 for surface oil are already known, in an area measuring forty 
 miles in length by about fifteen in breadth ; at some of tliese 
 considerable ipiantities of oil exude, one of them covering half 
 an acre, and at another, gum or asphalt accompanies the 
 Petroleum. The general appearance of tlie country is very 
 much like that of the Devonian and carboniferous oil districts 
 of Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia, and wliich enterprise and 
 capital have made to yield no largely. It is hardly to be 
 doubted that the same means will produce the same result in 
 (iasp<;. This will bo obvious enough to any one wiio will take 
 the trouble to compare the conditions in Gasjx? with any of 
 the above localities in the United States, as they existed in 
 the natural or undiiveloped condition. 
 
 In boring for oil some failures are of course to be looked 
 
 for, but we have every reason to expect a full average of pro- 
 ducing wells. Considering the unusual facilities for shipping 
 oil enjoyed by Gasp(^, as well as the very favourable geogra- 
 phical position, it is evident that wells would pay in this dis- 
 trict if wo suppose them yielding a much smaller quantity of 
 oil than would be required of a well in order to pay in iidand 
 oil regions, such as those of Oliio, Pennsylvania, or Western 
 Canada. Ga.*\)6 is situated almost half-way from these inland 
 localities to England, whoso prices govern the Petroleum mar- 
 ket of the world. Every part of the Ga8p(5 oil district is at a 
 convenient distance from the excellent harbours on the coast, 
 and the fine rivers which traverse it will probably be found of 
 advantage in conveying the oil to the sea-board. Some of 
 the promising localities for sinking wells overlook Gasp(5 Basin, 
 (one of the best harbours in the world,) and from these the oil 
 migiit be conducted in pi[ies to tanks on the shore, from which 
 it could be again transferred as required, by the same means, 
 to tanks or barrels on board of vessels at the dock. 
 
 But besides these circumstances Ga8p() possesses many other 
 advantages eminently favourable to it as an oil region ; amongst 
 these may be eimmorated the abundance and cheapness of 
 labour available on the spot ; of lumber for every purpose > 
 provisions and all kinds of agricultural produce ; coal and wood 
 for fuel ; barrels, and also goods of all descriptions, Gaspd 
 being exempt from any duty whatever on imimrts and exports. 
 The climate is well adapted for prosoeutitig oil operations 
 during the whole year. 
 
 I have the honour to be, gentlemen, 
 
 Your obd't servant, 
 (Signed) Robert Bell. 
 
) 
 
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CANADIAN SCENERY — POINT ST. PETER. 
 
 2^ 
 
 POINT ST. PETER. 
 
 Forming the western extremity of Oii.sp6 Bay, 
 Point St. Peter has long been conrtidoredaliivour- 
 ahle and profitable xtand for tbe fisheries. Its 
 entire area is accordingly full}- occupied by par- 
 ties engaged in this branch of industry. 
 
 Three houses in the fish trade are established 
 here : — Messrs. John & Elias Collas, Mr. John 
 Fauvel, and Messrs. Alexandre & Le Gresley. 
 
 The buildings on the left of the view are those 
 of the first-named firm, who are gradually extend- 
 ing their business, having another establishment 
 at Mai Bay, a third at Gasp6 Basin, and a fourth 
 at Sheldreck River, on the north shore of the St. 
 Lawrencp. The Messrs. Collas have also a ship- 
 yard. The hull of a vessel on the stocks, their 
 schooner Laurel, may be observed, close to the 
 water's edge, to the right of their buildings. 
 They build all the vessels they require for their 
 fish trade, and have now afloat, launched from this 
 spot, six vessels, which, in point of workmanship 
 and sailing qualities, will compare favourably 
 with the generality of Jersey crack vessels. 
 
 The buildings on the point which shelters the 
 cove are those of the late Mr. Henry B. Johnston, 
 who carried on an extensive fish business on this 
 
 spot some twenty years ago. Tliis property is now 
 owned by his daughter. Miss Mary C. Johnston, 
 the only survivor of her family. 
 
 The first flag-staff marks the residence of Mr. 
 John Fauvel, who has another establishment at 
 Mai Buy, and owns one vessel, built by Mr. Peter 
 Mabe, of the corner of the beach. Mr. Fauvel 
 began business for himself a few years ago, hav- 
 ing for a long period been Messrs. Charles Robin 
 & Co.'s agent at Perc6, and fiiuill}' their head 
 manager at Paspebiac. 
 
 The furthest tlag-stafV marks Messrs. Alexandre 
 & Le Gresley 's establishment. This firm, which 
 has not been long in business, has also a fishing 
 stand at Mai Bay. The two houses to the right 
 are the residences of Messrs. George and Edward 
 Packwood. Beyond this point a rocky ledge ap- 
 pears, called Plato, but which, I am disposed to 
 think, is corrupted from Plateau, a Hat surface, or 
 table land. This ledge is most curiously and fan- 
 tastically cut out by the action of the waves. 
 There is no doubt that it once joined the main- 
 land, from which it is distant about a quarter of 
 a mile, being separated by a deep channel through 
 which large vessels (^an pass in safety. 
 
 Mi ; 
 
 
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CANADIAN SCKNERY — Vll,I.A(iK uK I'EROlC. 
 
 31 
 
 VILLAGE OF PERCE. 
 
 'I'liis villagi', wliicli (li'iivi's its 11:1111c IVoiii tlic 
 Rock, is most advantageously situated for tho I'od- 
 fislicry. It consists ol" two small coves, called 
 Nortli and South Beach. The principal jiart of 
 the population reside at North Beach, which also 
 contains the Court House, Jail, and Roman Catho- 
 lic Churclj. .South Beach is chielly occupied by 
 the important fishing establishment of Messrs. 
 Charles Robin & Company, who own the principal 
 part of the land on that side. The two coves are 
 separated by a small headland called Mount Joli, 
 supposed by sonu- to have been once united with 
 the Rock. On this promontory formerly stood the 
 Protestant Elpiscopal Church, and the graveyard 
 still marks the spot. 
 
 Tiie population of PerccJj does not exceed live 
 hundred souls, except during thesinnmer months, 
 when it is more than doubled. It is tho shire 
 town of the County of Gaspe. 
 
 Few spots, if any, on the sea-board of Canada, 
 possess greater attractions for the artist and lover 
 of wild and romantic scenery than Perce and its 
 environs. Mount St. Anne, in rear of the village, 
 rising almost abruptly to the height of 1300 
 feet, is the first land sighted by all vessels coming 
 vip tho Gulf U) tho southward of tho Island of 
 Anticosti. In clear weather it may be seen at a 
 distance of sixty to seventy miles, and it is even 
 confidently asserted by shipmasters worthy of 
 credit, that it has been seen by them at a distance 
 of seventy-five i.i eighty miles 
 
 ll'yoii a.-ceiid the highroad towards the settle- 
 ment called Irish Town, and stand on the rising 
 ground in rear of Belle Vue, you have beneath you 
 and all around, one of the most magnificent pano- 
 ramas the eye can wish to rest upon. St. Anno 
 rising in all its towering majesty on your left, and 
 extending to the eastward, forms, with Barry 
 Head, a portitni of an amphitheatre almost enclos- 
 ing the village on two sides. The Roman Catholic 
 Church is a striking object at the foot of Barry 
 Head. Over and beyond this, at a distance of six 
 miles, is seen Point St. Peter and Plateau. To 
 the right of this, nothing is seen but the sea, as far 
 as the eye can reach. Then comes the Rock, 
 which you overlook from this point. The birds 
 on its summit can also be distinctly soon. Tho 
 Island of Bonaventure then forms tho foreground. 
 But to the westward of that the sea again meets 
 the eye, until it rests on Cape Despair, and you 
 get a bird's-e3'e view of Cape Cove and L'Anco- 
 au-Beaufils. From this point you have a most 
 extensive sea view down the Gulf, and to the 
 entrance of the Bay of Chalours, the light on the 
 Island of Miscou, New Brunswick, distant about 
 thirty-two miles, being often seen on a clear 
 night. 
 
 Leaving these lower regions, if you undertake 
 to ascend M(Mint St. Anne — no very difficult task 
 for those who are free from gout and asthma — a 
 view presents it.self to tho astonished e^'e grand 
 beyt nd description. All that we have just 
 
 J*^l 
 
Ml! 
 
 32 
 
 CANADIAN SCKNEUY — VILLAGE OF I'KKCE. 
 
 
 ." 1 
 
 ! i, 
 
 ; .: 
 
 ik'seributl lic.-i in oiu' Mist punomnia at onr foot. 
 In rear, that is, from west to north, the variegated 
 green of the primeval forest meets tiie eye, wiiioli 
 seeivs in vain for some oasis, as it were, in the 
 bonndless green expanse on whieh to rest. Hill 
 and dale, mountain and valley, all clad in tin; 
 same verdant garb, extend as I'ar as the human 
 ken can range. Casting your eye gradually east- 
 ward, you see over the land into Gaspe Hay, and 
 beyoiul Ship Head into the month of the St. Law- 
 rence; then, far away to seaward, down the Gulf; 
 to the right, up the Bay of Chaleurs If the 
 weather is clear, besides a number of larger 
 vessels, the white sails of a tleet of schooners, 
 chietiy Americans, of from 40 to 150 t«ns, and 
 amounting sometimes to some two or three hun- 
 dred sail, may be seen engaged in tVe cod and 
 mackerel lisheries. From this jwint nothing ob- 
 structs the view, which extends over Bonaveiiture 
 Island and all the headliinds on either side, and 
 on a fine calm day the hinidreils of open boats, 
 spread over the bosom of the treacherous deep, 
 look like small spec's upon the surface of a mirror. 
 Taken us a whole we know of no .scenery in the 
 British Provinces to eijual this. 
 
 The drive or walk round the mountain to the 
 corner of the beach is most i-omantic, as well a** 
 the sail round the Island of Bonaventure, and 
 should on no account be omitted by the excur- 
 sionist. Tlie road through the mountain gorge, 
 which is the highway connecting Peroe with Gaspe 
 Basin, nuist liear some resemblance to many por- 
 tions of Swiss scenery. 
 
 Perc6 possesses two places of worship, both 
 recently erected. That of the Church of England 
 is situated on an eminence at the foot of the moim- 
 tain, on the Irish Town road. It is built in the 
 Gothic style, and though very small, being only 
 capable of containing one hundred ])ersons, jet it 
 is one of the nt'atest and most (complete village 
 churches we have seen on this continent. The 
 Protestant comnuniity are mainly indebted to 
 Messrs. Charles Robin & Company for its erection. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Church is a large building, 
 and when the interior is (inished olF, it will be a 
 very handsome struct in-e. 
 
 The Court House and Jail are inider the same 
 roof, and are a disgrace to the Province. 
 
 Perc6 is strictly a large fishing stand, the best 
 in Canada, and it is here that the Messrs. Robin 
 liave their finest and most extensive fishing estab- 
 lishment. We believe we are justified in stating 
 that there is nothing to equal it, as a whole, in 
 Canada, New Brunswick, or Nova Scotia. This 
 season the firm have seventy boats fishing here, 
 each manned by two hands. To these nuist be 
 added lO") shoresmen, as they are tenned, who 
 put the fish out to dry, and turn, pile, and store it. 
 Then there are cari)enters, blacksmith.i, coopers, 
 and other mechanics, farm and house servants, 
 agent, clerks. &c., forming a total of iJOO persons 
 employed al)out this establishment alone. The 
 amount of capital invested must be very great, 
 there being no less than forty buildings, all in 
 thorough repair, and kej)t in beautiful order. 
 Some of these buildings are very large ; among the 
 number is an extensive ice-house, for the purpose 
 of ke(>ping mackerel, herrings, capelain, and smelt, 
 fresh for l)ait, all four of which are the natural 
 food of the cod, and make their appearance in suc- 
 cession. 
 
 This establishment collects yearly from 14,000 
 to lo.OOO ipiiiitals of codfish, fit for shijniuuit, in- 
 cluding what they leceive from their planters and 
 dealers tiiroiigiiout the township of Pere(5. « 
 
 Jerseymen have ever been noted for their loy- 
 alty to the British crown, and Messrs. Charles 
 Robin & Co. can boast that they were the first to 
 welcome the Heir-Apparent to the shores of Canada 
 in 18(10. The Royal squiRlron passed close to the 
 Rock, and the first cannon that announced the ap- 
 jn'oach of His Royal Highness was fired by them, 
 and the first Hritisb cheer that greeted him, arose 
 from the high flakes, which then lined thi- beiwh 
 in front of their dwelling-house. 
 
 Mr .lohn Fa Boutillier, the present Member of 
 
 ! 
 
CANADIAN SCKNEKY — VII,l,A<iK OF I'EKOl^;. 
 
 33 
 
 •1' i)f 
 
 Parlinnicnt fur Gusih;, lmn also ii fisliin;;; <'ctal)lisli- 
 meut at (lie iiortli boadi. where he residod until 
 hiw reiiKival in 1840 to Gas])e Itasin. 
 
 The tliirtl shipping' house in IVre/; is that of 
 Mr. Franeirf Lu Brim. There is also an establisii- 
 nient of the same kind, owned hy Messrs. Le Bou- 
 tillier Brothers, in Bonaventure Island. 
 
 Perot'; was for some time the residence of Lieut. 
 Governor Cox, who was appointed GoviTnor of 
 Gaspii about 1785. The site ol' the Government 
 House may still be seen. 
 
 BONAVKNTUKE ISLAND. 
 
 Tins island, in the depth of winter, has the 
 ajjpearance of a vast iceberg, and, like the Rock, 
 is one of Nature's wonderful productions, forming 
 a natural break-water between the scnith cove, 
 Perc(!;, and the Gulf. The whole is one vast mass 
 of reddish conglomerate, from which the term 
 Bonaventure Formation has been derived. It 
 appears as though it had been uphove from the 
 bottom oi' the ocean, forming, on the sea-siile, to- 
 wards the Gulf, a stui)cndons wall oOO to 500 feet 
 high, with no less than fift} fathoms of water at 
 its base. It slopes gradually towards the main- 
 land, i nd is well settled, there being a Ronuiii 
 Catholic Church, .sohool house, and some thirty 
 dwelling houses. It is two and a half miles long, 
 and about tliree-tinarters of a mile l)road, and is 
 distant two and a half miles from the main-land. 
 The depth of water is sufficient for the largest ships 
 afloat tt) beat through the channel. Messrs. Le 
 Boutillier Brothers have a large lishing establish- 
 ment on the island, at which thirty-eight Iwats 
 and about 120 men are employed. This was once 
 the })roperty of the late Cajjlain Peter Duvid, a 
 native of the Island of Jersey, and one whose 
 deeds and prowess would not disgrace the annals 
 of England's mival history. Yet strange to say, 
 there appears to be no rectn'd preserved by the 
 family of a feat scarcely to be surpassed. The 
 grandson t)f our hero, who still resides on the 
 
 island, knows nothing of the leading facts, which 
 are as follows: — 
 
 Towards the dcse ol' the , last war between 
 
 England and France, Cajitain Duval commanded a 
 
 privateer, lugger rigged, mimnting four guns, with 
 
 acrew of twenty-seven hands, hi niHelfincluchid, and 
 
 owned I13 the Messrs. Janvine of Jersey. She was 
 
 a small vessel, under 100 tons, and appropriately 
 
 named the "Vulture," having become the terror of 
 
 the French coast from St. Malo to the Pyranees. 
 
 The "Vulture" was almost as well known along 
 
 till shores (jf the Bay of Biscay as in her port of 
 
 registry, and like a bird of prey, was continually 
 
 hovering along the coast, ca])turing vessel after 
 
 vessel. The [)ort of Bayonne had suffered severely 
 
 from the continued depredations of the Jersey 
 
 privateer off its entrance, and the merchants of the 
 
 place resolved to make an effort to capture their 
 
 tormentor. A joint stock ccnnpany was formed, 
 
 and a suitable vessel obtained, a brig of about 
 
 ' 180 tons, which being mounted with sixteen guns 
 
 and manned by a crew of eighty men, awaited 
 
 ' the return of the " Vulture." That vessel having 
 
 ' been seen off the port one fine afternoon, the 
 
 Itrig slipped out during the night, disguised as 
 
 - much as possible, so as to be taken for a merchant 
 
 I vessel, and being sighted early ou the following 
 
 morning by the lugger's look-out, the latter imme- 
 
 ' diately gave chase, and soon came up with what 
 
 ; she supposed would be an easy prize. The reader 
 
 I may, however, conceive her astonishment, when 
 
 oil running alongside of the brig, the ports were 
 
 opened and every preparation made for action. On 
 
 i seeing this, the first lieutenant of the '■ Vulture" 
 
 told Captain Duval, that having no chance against 
 
 such fearful odds, their only alternative was to 
 
 strike! " Strike, be d d!" was the laconic 
 
 reply. " So long as I have a leg to stand on we 
 shall fight. When I am knocked off my pins you 
 take command, and do as you please!" The 
 vessels immediately engaged, the "Vulture" keep- 
 ing .so close to her antagonist, that the shot from 
 the latter could not take effect owing to her greater 
 
 i'\ 
 
34 
 
 CANADIAN HC'KNKUY — VILLAOK OK i>KHCL 
 
 hoij?ht. Moiintiiiu' tlu' lii^iiicr courmucil to |njiir 
 into llio lirij: a wcU-diivcU'd lire of jini|ii' ^liot, 
 cutting lior rigging and j^illing and wounding IkvH" 
 tiu' Fri'iicii new. Tiu' Captain ol'tlic lu'ig linowiug 
 tlie di'terniiniMJ churai'tcr of his opijonont, and 
 expecting that lie would attempt to board, nwde 
 forlliivonne. The higger gave chiute, ))ut night 
 coining on, the hrig reached port in safety. Of 
 the lugger's crew only one was killed, aiul two 
 or three ulightly wounded. 
 
 Tlie foregoing narrative was given to us from 
 memory, by Mr. Sherill' Vibert, who knew Captain 
 Duval intimately, as well as his second oflicer, 
 Captain Le Feuvre, with whom Sherill' Vil)ert 
 nuide two voyages to the Mediterranean and l!al- 
 tic. lie has heard the above particulars related 
 by both, the Ca])tain stating that with ten hands 
 more he would have taken the Ijrig by boarding, 
 but he feared to attempt it against such fearful 
 odds. 
 
 The Protestant burial ground on Mount Jidi 
 contains the remains of this brave man, who 
 attained a ripe old age, and died all but forgot- 
 ten, on the Island of Bonaventure. " Si:; transit 
 ijloria mumli" 
 
 PP:RCE— PLATE No. 1. 
 
 This view was takcni from the mountain range 
 to the eastward of Mount St. Ann. It embraces 
 the north and .south i)eaches and village of Perci;. 
 On the left you have Barry Head, rising abruj)tly 
 from the water's edge to a height of four or Hvc 
 hundred feet. Tht> whole sea-wall stretching to 
 the nortiiward has the api)earance, when viewed 
 from the water, of having been riven asunder by 
 some mighty convulsion of nature. 
 
 In tlu' foreground stands the itomaii Catholic 
 Church and Parsonage. Further to the right is 
 a two-story buililing including the Oa<d aiul 
 Court House. Beyond this again, ntMir the- shore, 
 is a tlag-stafV and some white buildings, forming 
 part of the fishing establishment belonging to Mr. 
 John Le Boutillier. The cottage in the centre of 
 the foreground is the residence of Mr. George Le 
 Boutillier, the ollieer of Customs for the port of 
 Perc6. Cur old friend, the Rock, i,; again a pro- 
 minent object. The buildings in the foreground 
 to the left, known as the Park, consisting of a com- 
 fortable cottage and several convenient outbuild- 
 ings, form part of the farming establishment of 
 Messrs. Charles Robin & Co.. and the white build- 
 ing with the Hag-staff is their dwelling-house and 
 sho]). All the other buildings, as far as the Rock, 
 are their warehouses, stores, &c. The Island of 
 Bonaventure is seen in the distance 
 
 PEKCE— PLATE No. 2. 
 
 Tins vie\v is taken from the water, Mount St. 
 Anne forming the background. The building on 
 the rising ground on the left is the Protestant 
 Church. Those in the foreground are tlu^ dwel- 
 ling-houses and fish stages of the planters, to 
 the west of Messrs. Charles Robin & Co. The 
 outlines of the Park l)uildlngs are visible in tlie 
 centre in rear. In the centre of the foreground 
 is a rock jusi atwve water, forming part of a ledge 
 which runs jiarallel with Perc6. The huildir.gs 
 along the shore are those of Messrs. Charles Robin 
 & Co. The Roman Catholic Church forms a i)ro- 
 minent object in rear. The cliffs seen in the 
 background are those mentioned in the descrip- 
 tion of Plate No. 1 of Perce. 
 
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CANADIAN SCKNSRY — VM'K OOVK. 
 
 IW 
 
 CAPE COVE. 
 
 Gate Covk is about ciglit iiiiK-H to tlio wcHtwunl 
 of tlu' villiigo 1)1" IVi'w, and ronim [mrt ol' tlu' 
 towiiwhip of that imiuo, wliicli cxteiidH about 
 cif^htofii niiloN along tho Hcaboard. 
 
 Tlic popubition in thin Hottlenient in chic'fly 
 rrotcMtant, the cliurch Ibrniing a proininont objoct 
 in our view on tlio right. Thoro in iHm a hirgo 
 Roman Catlmlic Church at Cape Dowpair, further 
 to the left than our view extendM. 
 
 Cape Cove, like Pere(5, is an important fishing 
 station. There arc thre(! coniniereial houses, 
 Messrs. l)e La PerrcUe Brothers, Thonuw Savage, 
 and Amice Payne. The two first named lirms 
 are also sliipowners, and all are natives of Ji-i.^ey. 
 
 The buildings seen in the view along the shore 
 are the fish-stages and store-houseB. There is 
 excellent laud, and some good farms in tiiis vi(u- 
 nity. Mr. Savagt^, whose house and barn are seen 
 conspicuously in rear, to the left ol' the view, has 
 an extensive farm, and a very fine grist mill, 
 which lies in a hollow about half a mile beyond 
 the barn. The mill is by far the best of its kind 
 in the district, but, unfortunately, the supply of 
 water is not sudicient for such a cimiiauation of 
 machinery, which includes all the latest iiuprove- 
 mentfl. 
 
 Cape Despair, which shelters the Cove to the 
 westward, is a wmiparatively low head-laud, and 
 
 is said to have been originally called Cop ly Ka- 
 jioir, or Cape Hoj)e. The lugubrious change of 
 name is said to luive been caused by the total loss 
 thereon, in 1711, of an English man-of-war, or 
 traus])()rt, carrying troops. Some portions of a 
 wreck, which bore the name of le iKtii/nKjcuiiijluw, 
 
 [ were of late years still to be seen oil' the Cape. 
 
 ' In the yi'av above m^iiiloned, ,\n English Heet, 
 despatched for the comjuest of Canada, having 
 on board seven to eight thousand troops with 
 women and children, entered the Gulf of St 
 Lawrence. A violent storm am.'^e, and eight 
 of the vessels were lost, every soul on board 
 perishing. It is therefore very jirobable that the 
 tradition respecting the wreck on the Cape is cor- 
 rect, and that the ill-fated vessel was one of that 
 fleet. 
 
 To this tradition of the sad disaster, which pro- 
 bably is substantially correct, superstition has 
 added wild and supernatural visions, which haunt- 
 ed the imaginations of the fishermen of the last, 
 
 : and of the early part of the present century. 
 Something after this style: — When the surface of 
 the treacherous deep was smooth like a mirror, 
 mountain waves would suddenly appear, bearing 
 
 I on their foaming crests a phantom ship, crowded 
 
 ' with human beings, whose antique military dress 
 denoted that they i)eloiiged to a i)yg()ne ago. 
 
 f • 
 
li. 
 
 80 
 
 CANADIAN KCKNItnY — CAI'K COVr. 
 
 On lii'i' Im)W i.s :4('t>n the tall li^'iii't- ol' oiir uIuhi' 
 iiiicii iiikI ilri'Hx ilcMiili- lliiil lio iM II miiiciioi' 
 uliiccr. One liiiit n'>linf; liiiiilv on the l)u\\>|irit. 
 in iin iiltituilc iiH tlioiigli III' Were |ii'i'|iiiri>il to 
 hpi'in^r on >liiir<', with liiH ri^iit liiind ho ii|i|ii'iu'm 
 to point on) tile (litrk ('ii|ic to llu- licliiir^iiiun, 
 wliiNt on liis li'lt iii'iii lu> HiipportH ii liiimlc 
 ligtii'c t'lail ill wliitr tlowin^ ihIk^' Witii wild 
 
 ami liclitiiing xpi'fil llic ilnonu'il liark rnxlicf* to 
 tlfwtnirtioii, iiK tlnMi;;li urged on liy houu- invi- 
 ."iltjc and r^iipcnialiiral agt-ncy. Oiir iiii^litv 
 »ra«li--ii wild cry ol lU-Hpair, in wliidi in plainly 
 diHtin^MiisJicd tin' voice of a woniiin -and all \h 
 over. The plianloin ^diip with her livin^r licixiil 
 lia.x dinappeiired heiieutli the roarinj? Hiirjjf. 
 

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CANADIAN SCKNEUY — GKAND KlVKll. 
 
 37 
 
 GRAND RIVER. 
 
 This is one of thf old manors or scignioi'ies gnintod 
 during the period of tlie Frencii occupiition of 
 Canada. 
 
 Tiie only notice of Griind River to he found in 
 Bouchi'tte'." Topogniphical Deseription of Lower 
 Caniida, is in the Appendix, which contiiins ex- 
 tracts from the several deeds of concession of the 
 various seigniories in Lower Canada. The trans- 
 lation is as follows : — 
 
 " Concession, of 31st May, 1007, made Ijy lionis 
 de Buade, Governor, and John Bochart, Intend- 
 ant, to Mr. James Cochu, of Grand River, situated 
 in the Bay of Chalenrs, with one and a half leagues 
 ol' land in front, I)}' two leagues in depth, com- 
 mencing from the seig.iiory of Great Pal)os, i)elong- 
 ing to Mr. R6n6 Hubert, extending towards Cape 
 Hope, near the Island of Perce." — Intendant's 
 Register, No. 5, fo. 18. 
 
 This seigniory was purchased by the late Mr. 
 Charles Ro))in from Mr. Duncan Anderson on the 
 18th June, 1793. 
 
 The Cape mentioned in the concession as Cape 
 Hope is the Cape Despair of our day. 
 
 The Ahl)6 Ferland, in his Journal, speaks very 
 highly of Grand River, not only as a valnaide lisli- 
 ing station, hut as regar<ls its .soil and agricultural 
 capahilitics. He also states, " that in consequence 
 of the ih.mcnsc (|uanlity of wild fowl resorting to 
 this vicinitv every sining and liill, all the nu'ii are 
 
 sportsmen. That if shooting has its deliglits, it 
 lias al.-o its dangers, as nuvny hands are seen minus 
 a finger or thumb, and that, by a rennirkable coin- 
 cidence, accidents of this kind have invariably 
 ha|)pened on a .sabbath or other holy day." 
 
 The Messrs. Robin are still the owners of the 
 soil. Very few of the settlers on their estate have 
 jiaid for the land, and the majority can only be 
 viewed in the light of tenants. The land is good, 
 for the most part level, and well adapted lV)r agri- 
 culttiral purposes. But here, as along the v.hole 
 coast from New Richmond to Cape Chat, farming 
 is a mere secondary consideration when compared 
 with the lisheries. The owners have nevertheless 
 set the inhabitants a good example, having a line 
 farm, which is well cultivated, and yields abun- 
 dant crops. 
 
 Next to Perce, Grand River is Messrs. Charles 
 Roliin & Co.'s best llshing xtand. They generally 
 have ai)out thirty-two boats every season iishing 
 on this establishment, which, like all the others 
 belonging to them in this district, is a model of 
 cleanliness, order, and regularity. Besides this 
 lirm there are three other mercantile establish- 
 nu'iits in Grand River, miniely, Messrs. J. (). 
 Sirois. Thomas Tremblay, and Thomas (.'arbery. 
 
 This, like all the rivers on this coast, has a hav, 
 which makes if both dillicnlt atid dangerous of 
 aicess ill bad weatin r .Small schooners (, mi enter 
 
I:!?i't 
 
 38 
 
 C'ANAlJlAN SCKNEKY UliANU KIVKK. 
 
 tlic liarlioiir lit liip,li wiitcr, mid rcninin in iKircct | OllAND R1VP]R PLATE. 
 
 !si'('urit_\ . 'riic population of tlio .si-igiiiorv iiiid ' Tliis is ii vii'w of Graiul River tulsen from the 
 
 township of Gnuid Kiver, which, hy tho hist j west side. Tliu h'ft of tliis vit-VN represents Grwii 
 
 census was 87'J soids, is riipidiy incrensin}|. iind a j Point, wiiioh protects tlie mouth of the river from 
 
 perceptihle improvement has tai<en [ihiee in the I easterly winds. On this point are seen tiie huihl- 
 
 appearance of the Imiidings witliin the hist few i inus of Messrs. (Ihark's llohin & Co. 's fisliing istal)- 
 
 years. 
 
 Tiie Roman Cathoiie Cliurcli, represented in our 
 view, is the only [dace of worship within the 
 limits uf tiie Township. 
 
 lishment. The mouth of the river is seen in tlie 
 centre of tlit, fure!.;rouiid.aliove which is the Roman 
 Cathtdic Church with the Parsonage on the left. 
 The white liuildiu>;s in the fore;^round are McHHrs. 
 Trenihlay and Carhery's lishiii'; establishments. 
 
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IMAGE EVALUATION 
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CANADIAN SCEXKKY — I'ASrKlllAf 
 
 39 
 
 
 PASPEBIAC. 
 
 PAsrEniAC is throe inilen to the eastward of New 
 Carlisle, ami being the only place whicii aflonls 
 sale anchorage, should be the port of entry as well 
 an the site of the shire town. The (Justoni House 
 ha« l)een removed from New Carlisle to this place, 
 on account of the delay and inconvenience tiiat 
 merchants and shipmasters were subjected to in 
 having U> travcd six miles, whenever the most 
 trilling business required their personal attendance 
 at the office. It is said to have been originally 
 •selected by the Government Commissioners, as I lie 
 proper site of the shire t<»wn ; but Mr. Charles 
 Rol)in, not wishing to be disturl)ed by the large 
 expected intlux of settlers, had sufficient inlluenco 
 to cause the loyalist head-quarters to be removed 
 to a convenient distance from his depot, thus secur- 
 ing their custom, without being annoyed by their 
 too close proximity. 
 
 The harbour or road-stead is formed by a low 
 sand bank, which on the west side is almost in 
 the shape of a crescent. An excellent harbour of 
 refuge from easterly storms is thus hllbrded, and 
 though exposed to southerly and westerly winds^ 
 still the holding ground is so good that vessels 
 with good anchors and chains ride out the heaviest 
 gales in safety. In fact some of Messrs. Robin's 
 and Le Boutillier's vessels often lie here from the 
 period of their arrival in the spring till late in 
 the fall, the captains being employed on shore, 
 and the males and seamen navigating their coasters. 
 
 I The low ,sand bank, on which the fisliing estab- 
 lisiinu'iits stand, is a very remarkable and curious 
 natural fiirmation. As viewed from the nniin- 
 
 , land it formx a regular triangle, each side of whicli 
 is about a mile long and one; hundred yards in 
 breadth. The interior of the triangle, which is 
 called the Raracjiois, is gradually lilling up, from 
 the deposits brougiit by a nimiberof brooks which 
 empty themselves into it. To the eastward the 
 bank is united to the mainland; to the westward 
 tlure is a channel to tiie sea, through which the 
 tide el)lts and Hows. Formerly there was a »ntt\- 
 cient depth of water to enable vessels of one hun- 
 dred tons burthen to enter at high tide. But in 
 addition to the filling up of the channel, a bar has 
 formed, on which there are only a few inches of 
 water at low tide. A small bridge, which is seen 
 
 i in our view, enables foot passengers to cross to and 
 fro. It is a mere temporary att'air, erected by the 
 Messrs. Robin at their own e.\pense every spring, 
 and removed in the fall, when Jack Frost provides 
 a cheaper mode of transit. 
 
 A proposal to erect a substantial bridge, suitable 
 for vehicles of all descriptions, was set on foot 
 some years ago. The inhabitants were to supply 
 the timber, and the two firms to pay the cost 
 of erection. The gr-^ater part of the timber was 
 collected, and the bulk of it piled on a sand bank 
 in the middle of the IJara(;hois, until a ])roper 
 understanding could be arrived at iw to the l)est 
 
!ii 
 
 40 
 
 CANADIAN SC'ENKKY — I'ASPKBIAC 
 
 ]i 
 
 Hitc. Olil Futlu'iNeiilmic, liiiviiigd()ul)tle»iH huiiril 
 ol' the (lixputi-, settled tin matter in a inoHt arbi- 
 trury niaiiner. \>y onlering his invrniidoiis to take 
 Ibreihle posseiisidii. A violent storm arose, wliich 
 swept over the luMicii, and in the -dead of night 
 the pile was carried out to sea — thns ending tliu 
 ([uarrel. 
 
 Paspcl)iae, when viewed I'roni the sea, has a 
 most ])ictnres(iue appearance, the ehurdieH lieing 
 prominent ohjeots. The smaller om- to the west- 
 ward is that helonjring to tiie ('hinvh of Enjilaud ; 
 the larger edifice to the east is the Homan Catho- 
 lic place of worship. The land in this vicinity is 
 well adapted for fanning, being level and easily 
 cnltivated. But the only good farms are those o\' 
 the Anglo Saxon race, chiefly .JerseyUien. The 
 Freneli Canadians, among whom there is evidently 
 a large admixture of Indian blood, are ranked 
 amongst the best and most daring fmluninen on 
 the coa>it, but nuike \»wy farmers. 
 
 The only merchant who carries on the fishery 
 at Paspebiac is Mr. Daniel Bissoii, the postnnister, 
 who hot* a small well-<;ondueled establishment to 
 the ea.stward of Messrs. Charles Robin t&Co. The 
 catch of codfish has materially deerens(>d in this 
 vicinity during the last (juarter of a century, 
 and the two large houses finding that the curing 
 of small ((uantitie.s of fish interfered with their 
 other business, have gradually done away witli 
 Ktagps and Hakes at lu'ad-(|uarters. Paspebiac has 
 become the depot for the goods they import to sup- 
 ply their outposts as well as their customers, both 
 wholesale and retail, and also for shipping the 
 produce of the fisheries to the various markets. 
 The summer fishery closes on the loth of August. 
 From that period a number of small schooners, of 
 from forty to eighty tons, are engaged collecting 
 the fish and oil along the entire sealxiard. It may 
 not be uninteresting to the general reader to learn 
 how this portion of the business is conducted. 
 The usual course of proceeding is as loUows : — 
 The schoonen, having on board a dou})le crew, and 
 being provided with weights, scales, hand-barrows, 
 
 etc., proceeds to some small harbour or cove where 
 the nienhant has dealers. The vessel being 
 anchored, the ca|)tain and part of the crew pro- 
 ceed on shore without loss of time, taking with 
 them the weights, scales, etc., to the premises of 
 one of the planters or fishermen. The weather 
 bi'ing fine, the fish is tirought t)ut and spreail on 
 the flakes or bea(^h to dry, and when the captain 
 considers it sulfn'iently aired, he proceeds to cull 
 or sort it — there being no less than seven difVer- 
 ent (lualities : — small and large merchantable, 
 small and large inferior, haddock, ling and victual. 
 Merchantable is first ([uality, the large being the 
 dearest. Once sorted, the fish is weighed and 
 taken on board, where it is carefully piled or 
 packed, each ([uality being kept separate. When 
 landed, the several (jualities are (carefully packed 
 apart in square piles or bulks, built up so carefully 
 and systematically that you would suppose some 
 skilled mechanic had guided the work with square 
 and plummet. Each pile is destined for a differ- 
 ent market; the large for Pm'tugal, small mer- 
 c.haijtable for Italy and Spain; inferior for lirazil. 
 The victual, being badly cured, salt burned and 
 broken, goes to the West India Islands, and is 
 more generally known as West India fish. The 
 latter is packed in casks of two quintals each. 
 That for Brazil is .screwed or preased down in 
 tubs made for the purpose, each containing 128 
 lbs. avoirdu|)ois. b'or the Italian, Spanish and 
 Portuguese markets, the fish is taken in bulk. 
 Dry fish is bought and sold by the cwt. of 112 
 lbs., which is called a (luintal. > 
 
 We have thus described the mode of collecting, 
 packing and shipping ; but .some may be curious to 
 know how the fish is caught and cured. " First 
 catch your fish before you dress it," is, if our me- 
 mor}' serves us, the wise injunction of Doctor 
 Kitchener. The catching, however, is the least 
 difiicult part of the business. The curing reipiires 
 care, judgment, and perseverance, particularly in 
 wet seasons. 
 
 The cod-fisherv throughout the (lull" is carried 
 
 Mi 
 
\ 
 
 CANAPIAN SCKNKIIV -I'ASI'KIIIAC. 
 
 41 
 
 llt'ctiiifr, 
 li'ioiis to 
 FivHt 
 liiir me- 
 Doctor 
 lie loiiHt 
 h'([iiiri'M 
 ally in 
 
 on in (t|K'n Iwfttft, two inon conipDsinji tlio crew of 
 I'luili. But oro the cod can Iw caufrlit a supply ol" 
 Buitahli- bait imixt he olilainod — licninfr, ciipi'liiin, 
 inai-ki'icl. lance, H(|iii<i, HUiflt, oi' <lanis; all of 
 wlii(^h an- availal>lf vvlion usod in 1 1 ii'ir season, for 
 t'Vt-n cod arc epicures. The hoats proceed to the 
 fishing ground at jiunrise, and return when laden, 
 or when tiieir l)ait is expended. Having reached 
 the shore, the precious frei^iit is landed and 
 brougiit to tliesplittin;: table. Thelir.^l operation 
 is to cut the throat, the ne.\l to take olVlIu' bead 
 nn<l secure the liver. Then follows the most diHi- 
 cult and scientitic oi)eratioii, namely, s|)littinj:, 
 which consists in removing the back-bone. (lood 
 si)litters are always in re(|uest, and command high 
 wages. From the splitting table the (ish is thrown 
 into a box-barrow and carried to the stage — a large 
 building where the process of curing commences. 
 The barrow being placed on the scales, the lish is 
 weighed and then taken to the salter — another 
 skilled hand, who makes a ."(juare jiile, carefully 
 sjirinkling salt over each layer, as he proceeds. 
 It remains in bulk some three or four days, is then 
 washed in large vats, retiuned to the box-barrow, 
 and carried out tfi the Hakes, where it is carefully 
 spretul to dry. When moderately dry, it is care- 
 fully piled on the pebble beach, in snudi round 
 piles shai'<'d like corn stacks. Here it undergoes 
 a species of fermentation, the remaining dampness 
 being eyuded. This is termed nuiking. When 
 suHiciently made, the lish is again spnad out on a 
 line dry day for a lew hours, and linally stored, in 
 readiness for shipment. 
 
 Three modes of engaging fishermen are adopted 
 
 ' by the tuerchantH. Tlie most couimou is liy the 
 draft, that is, the nuui pays for all he gets, and is 
 paid a certain |)rice per draft for the fish as itcomeH 
 from the knife, as al)ove descrilied. The draft is 
 the double (juintal of 2'J4 lbs. with 14 lbs. extra 
 allowed for sand and dirt. One and a half (juin- 
 
 I tals are sujiposed to yield one (|uintal when dry 
 The next mode of engagement is tiuit of half 
 liiu's men. These pay for their provision.-, and 
 get half of the fish they catch when cured and 
 ready for nuirket. 
 
 Men who lish on wages are generally engaged 
 by the masterid' the boat, who in that ca.se derives 
 the benefit, or bears the lo.ss if any. 
 
 I PASPEBl AC— PLATE No. I. 
 
 I This view is taken from tht; outward point of 
 the triangle which forms Pas])ebiac beach, and 
 represents in the centre of the foreground the 
 establisbmchts of Messrs. Charles Pol)in & (,'o. and 
 Le Boutillier brothers, mentioned in |)lateH No. 2 
 and .'«, of I'aspebiac. To the right are the store 
 and bop of Mr. Bisson, P. M.. the Roman Catholic 
 
 i Churi'h being seen in the distance. On the rising 
 ground to the left an- seen the winter-house and 
 farm i)uildings of Messrs. LeUoutillier Brothers. 
 
 I Further to the right are the winter-house and out- 
 buildings of Messrs. Charles Robin & Co.. witli 
 
 : the K]iiscopal Church in rear. All the other house.'t 
 shown in the viewMire the residences of thi' plan- 
 
 I ters and em[)loyees of Messrs. Charles Robin & 
 
 ; Co. and Le Boutillier Brothers. 
 
 I'arried 
 
;'ii 
 
 12 
 
 TANAIIIAN SCKNKHV — PASI'EniAC. 
 
 PASPEBIAC— PLATE No. 2. 
 
 CIIARI.KS ROBIN * ('o« KSTAIILISIIMENT. 
 
 \ i 
 
 Tims \ ic»v ri'iircscnls tlio lu'iKl((imrtei« of tbi.' firm 
 ol' Mi'ssrs. (JliurleM Koliiii & Co., the luont cxti'ii- 
 sivc linn eiifriijrcil in tiu' (isli trndo in tlio tliroo 
 Sistur ['roviufi'H ol'Caniulii, Nova Sroliii ami Ni'W 
 Hrnn.xwiik. IJi'ing taken from their farm on the 
 main hind, tlie view shown the rearof the busineMx 
 prciniMes. The luidge prominently seen in merely 
 for foot pas«en;:ers to cross the IJariiehois. The 
 buildings on the right are those more particularly 
 eonneeted with their ship-yard. Those to the lell 
 are their dwelling house, shoji, stores, &c. That 
 furthest out on the i)()int is Mr. Bis.son's store, 
 close to which is seen the curve on the e.xtremity 
 of this strangely shaped jioint. The sea forms the 
 backgronnd. The buildings in the right hand 
 corner form part of Le Boutillier Hrothers' estab- 
 lishment. 
 
 In 17(it>, Mr. Charles Robin, the founder of the 
 firm of Charles Robin & Co., first came to these 
 shores, and explored the Bay Chaleurs, in a small 
 l)rig called the Senjioirer. Some tjuebec houses 
 were already established, and Mr. Rol)in entered 
 into business in conjunction with Mr. William 
 Smith, an agent of one of the Quebec firms. Two 
 years later the failure of tl e Qnebec houses oliliged 
 Mr. Smith to leave the eountr}-. At this periotl, 
 I'erce, Bonaventure Island, and the wiiole of the 
 (laspe Coast, were u wilderness. 
 
 On the lltli of June, 17J>8, two American |)ri- 
 vateers plundi-red Mr. Robin's stores of all lii» 
 goods and furs, and seized his vessels, the lice and 
 Ilo/ie, which were at the time moored on I'aspe- 
 biae roatls. The latter vessel, which had on lioard 
 fourteen hundred (piintals of dry (Hxifish, he never 
 saw again. But the former, containing part of 
 the plunder, wa.s reeajitured, together with the 
 privateers, in the Restigouche, by His Majesty's 
 ships Hunter and Piper. To the captains of tliese 
 vessels, Mr. liobin had to pay one-eightli of the 
 value of the recovered sliip and cargo as salvage. 
 This untoward event caused Mr. Robin to return 
 to Jersey, and it was only in 1783, that he again 
 visited Paspebiae. his vessels sailing under the 
 French Hag. From this period, prosperity crown- 
 ed his ell'orts, and he gradually extendeil his Ijusi- 
 ness. In 1802, he fimilly left the country, placing 
 his nephews, Mr. James Robin, in charge at Paspe- 
 biae, and Mr. Philip Robin at Perc^. The former 
 of these gentlemen, who succeeded his uncle in 
 the management of the bu;<ine.ss, was the father 
 of Mr. Charles William Robin, the present hem! of 
 the firm. 
 
 Previous to visiting this coast, Mr. Charles Robin 
 had estaitlished a Itusiness in Ariehat, Ca|)e Breton, 
 under the name of Philip Robin & Co., which still 
 e.xists. 
 
 ■^tAJ^S^H:^!. 
 
PANADFAN Sf'ENEHY— PASPKniAC 
 
 43 
 
 Th.. firm of ClntrK.U..I,in&C„.l,av..„,.w four 
 Muujs ...s,al,li.l.Mu.„tM o„ this C„,iHt-PaH,K.|,iac. 
 P.M-.., (.ran.l Hivr, ami N.'vv,„.rt ; ami al.o ano' 
 thorat ('anu|.u..to, on the Now Hn.„swi,.k .Llo Of 
 <;"<lhHh. tl... yoarly export, of then,- ...staMLslnnents 
 Iron, (Jnna.la alone, are from 40 to -,(),(,()() ,,„i„„^,, 
 «>l 'Iry lish, which are .liHtril.uto,! i,, the M...li(er 
 ranean, Brazilian, Spanish, I'or.n;.n.,.,s,. an.l West 
 In.lmJ'ortM. The agent, an.l elerk^ are all native^ 
 »» the Island of Jersey, and generally eonnnence 
 th.-ir apprentieeship at Iron, fonrteen to /if,.,,, 
 yea,-.sofage. The head agent or manager of the 
 business, resides at l'a.spel.ia<-, an.l the (i,-st who 
 micmnk.,! Mr. Robin's ne,,hews, the la,,, principals ' 
 
 wa.s Mr. Frning.th. present senior partner of the ' 
 hrm ofMess,s. Wm. F,-ning&Co. The lollowin. ! 
 are the names of Mr. Fn.ing's succmso.-s in ,|,^. 
 
 mnnagPmont of the l.usim.ss : John r...sset. Isaac 
 llilgrove (iosset, John Hardelv, John Fanvel 
 Elias I)e La I>errelle, F,'.|ix l{ri„n|, and Mo.ses F.' 
 <^!ilmnt, who is the present manager. 
 
 The ves.sels .-e.inii-e.l tor the purpo.se of carrying 
 tluMrh.sh to n,a,ket are l.uilt IVom li,.,e to tinrn at 
 I'uHpebiac. They own geni'rally f,um Ks ,„ 20 
 Hail, coasters inclmled. Not only ,io th.-y l,„i|,l 
 their ye,s.sels at I'aspehiac, hnt they haye their own 
 smith's fo,.ge, .sail loft, block makers, riggers. &c. 
 <)u the ap[.,-oa.d, of winter, the ag.-nt, c|,',-k.«, 
 and va,-io„s mechanics employed, lemove fn.m the' 
 head, to their winter p.-emi.ses, on the main land, 
 whci-e they haye a, most comlortable residence to- 
 Kflla.r with a fo,-ge, ca,penter's shop. &,.. Tl.ey 
 l«aye al.so a farm, with barn and nece.ssa.y ontbnild- 
 
44 
 
 CAN A III. \N SCKNKIIY — I'ASI'KUI AC. 
 
 i ! 
 
 PASPKIUAC— PLATE No. :\. 
 
 I,K mn TII.MKI! HNOTIIERS KST.MII.II'IIMKNT. 
 
 Oi li tliiid \\f\\ nil l'iis|i('liiiic Hciicli is fiikni 
 rroiii tlif riiljrc uIhivc tin' naiMilinis, iiinl sliows 
 iilsn tlif H'lir I'j" MfssiN. Fit' Htiiitilliti' IJintluTs' 
 ostalilisliiiioiil. Tliis linn, wliicli liii;- liithiTtd 
 ranked nrsi tu Mcsi^rs. Cliai'li-s Koiin iS: ("u. in 
 ini|Mirtanfi'. was (iri;j;inally I'Diinili'd, in IS'IS, \>\ 
 tin' latr Mr. David Lc UniililiiiT, who liud Ik'ch a 
 clerk in (lie old house lor several years.* 
 
 Sunn' of tlie Imildiniis t'liruiini;- |iart oi'the esta- 
 hlishinenl ot' (Jlnirii'- Uoliin A '.'o. are vi.-il.le in 
 the left-iian>l eurner Thi' s( iiooner. tli" iiia^ts of 
 whii'li are .-een. is Ivint; nt tiie wliail ul Messrs. 
 Le IJontillier IJrothers. The warehouse in tiie 
 cenlre ')!' tin' jdatc is the iar^csl and nio-l eoniplete 
 tiling oi'the kind in the distri<'t of (ias|ii'. It is 
 hnilt on a whiirt', so tiiat floods cun lie iniloaded 
 direct from the lighters and hoats whieh transport 
 the ear^^o iVoni the vessels Ivini; in the roadsiead. 
 This was the lirst wharf erected at I'asiiehiae. 
 
 Messrs. l.e Moniiliier brothers have Lnadnally 
 increased their Imsiuess. I'asiiehiae i-- their ehiel 
 depot, and the roidence of Mr. Caii-aud, the inail 
 niunafier. Ihit the\ lia\e now live adilitional esta- 
 hlishniuiits, luuaely, iit lionavenlnre I land, at 
 
 • .Messra. Wm. Friiiug A fo. wen' .incoiiil nii the lisi ns fxportcrj at 
 lisli, Mfconlkijj 111 tht- Piislums returns in '.S'l.'i 
 
 Forto, T,ahrador, at Isle a Mois, Straits of IJelle 
 l>le. anil on the Island of .Miseon. which forms the 
 entrance of the l(a\ ('haleiiis. on the New Bruns- 
 wick side. 'I'he (iflh is at Thninler River, on the 
 north slii'i'" of the (iiilf. The al>o\e ;ire all lishing 
 eslahlishments, hut tlie\ have also a handsome sli(>|) 
 at New Carlisle. At Lahrailor alone thev emidoy 
 ii|twards of two hundred persons evt-ry summer. 
 
 On the main laud, in lear of oin- view, is a 
 splendid farm — one ol' the most extensive, we 
 helieve, on tills shore. There is an excelli'iit 
 three-storey hririi house, with a capital harii and 
 snitalilc oiiihonses, the whole torniiiifr a most coni- 
 fortalile and respectahle residence, and is occupied 
 hy the niiuuijrer and ch'rks during the winter 
 months. These iienllenu'ii have not only a line 
 larni. hut <rood stock, inclndin^r .Jers«'v horned 
 cattle, generally known as the Alderni'N hreed, 
 sheep of the Leicester and South i)owii hreeds, 
 tiood hogs, v\;c., all of which they have im|iorted 
 from I'liirope al considerahle expense, ihcrehy 
 lii'in'litting the agriculturists around them. 
 
 The founder of till' lirni. .Mi'. l)aviil Le IJoutillier, 
 was a niemher of the legiilatnre, and represented 
 the count V of Hona venture for sevi-ral vears. 
 
liiu' 
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• •ANAIU.VN HfKNKIIV — NKW )'AIII IMU. 
 
 40 
 
 Ni:W ( AllLISLR 
 
 I 
 
 Nkw (V\hi,isi,k, till- sliiiT litwii ol llif LViimlv nl 
 IJdiiavoiitiirc, in nituutt.'il in Liit. -IS" N., fiOii>f, fi'i" 
 I'.l' W., nil tin- north xliorc ol the Hiiy ('IiiiIi'imm. 
 in flic tiiwnsliip of Cox. Tiu' town plot wi* laid 
 out, in aJMHit II mile w|iiiiiv, diviilfd into^crc lotx. 
 Tlif linildin'^M i'orni ii .Htnifitiling villii^rc. oivcti'd 
 witliout tlu' wlijriitost ri'^iinl to appciminci' or 
 rcgnliirity. 
 
 Tin- t«)\vii in pliMisiintIv situiitt'd on a ginllt' enii- 
 lu-nci', eoniniandinn .1 lint' view of tlit' si-ii, as will 
 an of tlio Now HnuiHwick Coast, on the mnitli side 
 of tho Buy, wliiidi in cli'iir wiNitliir is distinctly 
 st'i'U. 
 
 A beautiful sandy Ik'hcIi i-xtends along the 
 sliori', and tin' clear, pure, salt watci , is sullicituitly 
 attractive and inviting to gratify tin' niost 
 fastidious Naiads wo read of in hoiithcn mytlm- 
 logy. Invalids will (ind it an oxcoUent loca- 
 lity for sea-bathing, and it is much to l»o regretted 
 that some enterprising individual ha« not long ere 
 this built a g(K)d hotel, with all the necessary ac- 
 commodation for sea-bathing. If New Carlisle is 
 to make any material progress in improvement, it 
 nuist be as a summer resort for i)lcasurc-('ekers 
 and invalids. In a connnercial point of view, its 
 prospects are ptior indeed. 
 
 Mr. nouchette, in his Topographical Descriptioji 
 of Lower Canada, says , " The town of New Car- 
 lisle, the principal one in this District, is situated 
 ill Cox townslii|), and laid out in a manner lliat 
 
 bri'i after it niiiN bccoiiic it 1 oiiipiicl and regular 
 lillle place ; the position ol it is nearly ci-ntral 
 Iroiii eaeh extremity ol' the May of Chaleurs, and 
 the iiiimlit'r of houses is from forty to fifty, all 
 of wood. It has a church, a courthouse, and a ^'aol. 
 The two lattiT are now Imilding, under the supor- 
 inteiiileiicr of commissioners appointed under nii 
 Act of Parliament. The sitinition is very healthy» 
 and the ^uirnuiiding lands .some of the most fertile 
 of the district." 
 
 The i>opulation of the township of Cox at tlu* 
 date of the last census was 'Jltil. 
 
 There are now two churches in New Carlisle, 
 the Kpiscopal and I'ri'sbyterian. The court-house 
 and gaol are under the .same roof. There is also 
 a town 1. all. The last two buildings are of stone- 
 The t<iwn also contains two hotels and live shops. 
 Of the latter that owned by Messrs. Le noutillier 
 Uros. is fully eipial, in every respect, to the gene- 
 rality of similar eHtablishmentH in our large pro- 
 vincial towns. 
 
 New Carlisle was first settled by American loya- 
 lists, that is, by persei.s whose loyalty to the Mrit- 
 ish Crown, induced them to leave the United 
 States at the period of the revolution. These 
 persons obtained free grants of land, agricultural 
 implonients. seed and provisions for one year. 
 Lieut. (lovernor Cox was appointed in or about the 
 year 1785, as Governor of the district of Gasj)t^', 
 and seems to have resided alternately in tlie two 
 
M 
 
 4G 
 
 CANADIAN SCENKKY — NKW CAULISl.E. 
 
 shire towns, New Cai'lit<le imd Pcivi'. lie appears | 
 to have been sent for the purpose of settling the 
 loyalists in New Carlisle and Douglastown, ami 
 is said to have exjjended between the two places 
 upwards of £80,000 stg., a large amount whei: we i 
 consider the little progress made in either locality. \ 
 Abb6 Ferland states that Judge Thompson once 
 jocularly observed to the Roman Catholic Bishop 
 of tjuebec, thut '• this sum can tmly have been 
 s[)ent in making excavations underground, noth- 
 ing appearing on the surface to justify sucii iin 
 outlay !" 
 
 On the left, the foreground of this view repre- 
 sents a wood, called the Common, which is a 
 
 Government reserve, and nught, with ii moderate 
 outhij, be converted into a pid)lic park or prome- 
 nade. In the <listance is seen the Episcopal 
 Cinirch. The large two-.^toried building in the 
 centre is the court hall. To the left of that is 
 the town hall. In the centre of the foregnuind 
 is the white sandy beach skirting t' ^ sea-shore, 
 from which is seen the road leading to the town. 
 The large building tj the right, tiie ;,-alde-end of 
 which is seen in the plate, is Messrs. Le Boutillier 
 Hrotlurs' shop. Immediately to the right, par- 
 tially concealed by trees, is a large two-storied 
 stone house, the residence of J. R. Hamilton, E.sq. 
 Q. C. 
 
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 OANADIAN SCEXKUY — CAULKTON. 
 
 47 
 
 CAHLETON. 
 
 Our plato roprcHciitH tlie village of Carloton, most 
 romaiiticiiUyHitiiatotl iit the foot of tlu' inountaiii 
 range known aw tho Tracadigotdio Moinitains, 
 which rise nlnioMtal)rui)tly, at from tlirec-.iiiarU-rs 
 of a mileto a mile and a (inarter from tho sea shore, 
 to a height of upwards of 1400 feet. The vijlugo, 
 which takes its name from the township of Carle- 
 ton, consists of a few straggling houses in a shelter- 
 ed nook. The jjopulation of the entire township, 
 according to the census of 1801, was 1).j8 souls, uf 
 whom only 20 were Protestants. This portion' ol' 
 the coa«t was first sett'ed by the Acadians, who 
 coming from Tracatlie, named this spot Tracadi- 
 getche, or Little Tracadie. 
 
 The Bay of Caa-leton is a fine sheet of water 
 Ibrmed by Megouacha and Tracadigetche Points. 
 The River Nouvelle empties itself into this Bay. 
 The anchorage is good, and the Bay aflords a safe 
 refuge for shipping from northerly and ea. 'erly 
 gales. It is a favourite resort of the herring in 
 Spring as a spawning ground, and inunense quan- 
 tities are caught, which are used not only as tbod, 
 but also as manure. 
 
 ^ The only place of worship is the Roman Catholic 
 Church, a han.lsome new building, which does not 
 ui.pear in our view owing to its Ijeing considerably ' 
 to the eastward. j 
 
 The foreground of our plate shows a portion of 
 ' tlu> Baracbois, a line sheet of water into wiiieh the 
 tide ebbs and flows, having a depth of not hw than 
 two or three feet of water at the lowest tide. The 
 fonuatiou of this lagoon is very similar to that of 
 Paspebiac, a low sandy bank, of a triangular shape, 
 dividing it from tlie sea. There is a small island 
 in the centre. The house and buildings opposite 
 are those of Mr. Joseph N. Verge, Crown Timber 
 Agent for the District of Gasp,'.. The f.uilding to 
 the right is the .school house, and those beyond 
 that are the resideiuie and business premises of 
 Mr. John Meagher, the ex-member for the County 
 of Bonaventure. The mountains form the back 
 ground. The buildings at the foot extend to 
 Nouvelle, and the high land in the distance, seen 
 to the extreme left, is on the River Restigouche. 
 The Abb(5 Fcrland in his description of Gasp(5, 
 wfiich he visited in 18.30, speaks very highly of 
 Carleton, which he appears to prefer to any other 
 settlement on the coast. 
 
 There is a small court-house in the village, a 
 common wooden building. The Circuit Court is 
 iield here in January, May, and September. 
 
 There are four mercantile estal)lishments in Car- 
 leton, viz. those of Messrs. John Meagher, J. N. 
 Verge, Charles CuUen, and Peter Peltier. 
 
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ifi fi 
 
rVNAIHAN St'KNKItV l>M.IIOI',S|K. 
 
 DALilOlISIE. 
 
 •. •- :'• 
 
 Damiol'SIK, the Sliin- Town ol' tlic roimty "f 
 Hfsti^^oiU'lio. ill tlic l'ii(\ iiicc 111' New Uniii^-w ick, 
 is most (k'liKlitl'iillv sitiiati'd on tlic south liank 
 of tlif river Ui-stifronilif, in Liit. 17' 2' 30" N. 
 LoiifT tir, 2S' l.")" W. 
 
 Ft'W «iU's lor a town have licon bettor olioscn 
 than that of Dulhousie. At the lii-ad ot tlic IJiiy 
 ('liiiU'iirs, and at tht' inoiitli ol' a largi' river, witli 
 a eapncious and sat'u liarljour, capable ol' all'oniin^; 
 Mhelter to vessels of iv heavy draught of wattr. it 
 must, in the (•oiirsc of time, lieconie a jilaee of 
 considerable iinportaiioe, moi'u especially in the 
 event of the intercijlonial railroad [lassing in its 
 vicinity. 
 
 The first settlers in this locality were John 
 Elsai;er, a ("lernian, and liis son-in-law, Alexander 
 Hain, both i:uoi)ers and disbanded soldiers. The 
 former finding tliat the spot on which lie had 
 8f|uatted \va,s a government reserve, went away, 
 imt his place was immediately occupied In' Kdward 
 IIac(pioil,an(>lhereooi)er, who, with iiis sun-in-law, 
 J. H. (.'ameron, Charles M'Pher.son, Capl. John 
 Hamilton, and Messrs. J. & 11. Montgomery, were 
 the only settlers when the t^iwn plot was laid out 
 in lS*2(i. When the fact that the survey had been 
 made became generally known, other persons 
 secured lots and began to build; and in 1827 three 
 or four vessels arrived out from home to load 
 timber. In 18211, the firm of 1*. & D. Stewart was 
 established. The trade of Dalhousie increased so 
 
 rapidly, that in ls;)2 no less than lift_\-lwo vi'ssels, 
 fiinning an aggregate tonnage of lt,S")2 tons, were 
 loaded here; and it is now the third port in the 
 Province. It was in 18.'.2 that Messrs. (lilmour 
 & Huiikin established :i braiieh in this locality, 
 under the linn of A. Kitchie & (Jo., which carried 
 oil business here as well as at (,'ampbelltown, 
 situ!ite<l sixteen miles further up the river. 
 
 The Restigoiiidie is a iiobb- river, dividing the 
 I'rovinces of Canada and New Brunswick. The 
 beautiful .scenery along its banks once seen will 
 ne\er be forgotten by the tourist; while the fine 
 salmon that abound in its waters, present a strong 
 attraction to the disciple of Isaac Walton. Few 
 places in either Province offer greater advantages 
 to the immigrant than the Restigonclie. The soil 
 on cither side is good, and well adapted for agri- 
 cultural purposes; any ainuunt of water power 
 can be obtained, and grist mills established as the 
 country bcconu's settled. Timber abounds, and its 
 preparation for market, either in the shajie of 
 deals, boards, or square timber, will all'tnd ample 
 employment for many a brawny arm for some 
 years to come. 
 
 The county of Restigonclie is universally admit- 
 ted to lie one of the finest grain-growing districts 
 in the Provirce of New Hnmswick. The best 
 breeds of cattle lia\e also Ijceii imported from the 
 mother country, ihrough the instrumentality of the 
 Agricultural Society, which was first established 
 
5(» 
 
 CANAhlAN SCrNKHY — |iAI.IIO|'MlK. 
 
 ill IHMi Till' follDwiiig front it'tin'ii wiTf tin- (irMt 
 oIlifc-lifiiiviH I'liiiTii - l{c>l>«rl Ki'rv'iifitii. Ill' Alliol 
 lltiiiM', Prcr-itli'iii ; llii^ili Miiiitj:(>iiirrv iiinl Ainln-vv 
 Hiirlmrii', Vi<H-I'it'i*iiJi'iitH ; Diigalil Sicwiirt. Sftn-- 
 tiiry uiul TrOiiimi'r; with Wnlli r lUiiir, Arthur 
 hilihic, Diinifl M'liiltmh, Wiilinm Klcmiuiiif:. luiii 
 Arciiiliiilii Hiinisu, iih ,i ('(uniiiiltrc nt .Miiinigf- 
 niiiit. Thi'K' jrciitii'iin'ii went tn work in ri^ht 
 giKid ('iirni<t. their lii^l Aiinii;il l{c|)Mrt Hhowinn 
 thiit liuriiij: tlu' two iinonlinn yi'iirn the hir^rf 
 uinoniit 111' C2(),illl St;.', hiul hfi'ii |iiii(l li_v the 
 ooniity ti)r itn iinportatiuiii* cit'ii^'riiMiltiirai |iri>(lnrt'. 
 Si'CiU, ('little Mild ii.L'iiiiiltnnii ini|ii('iiii'iits were 
 iiii|)orU'il,iiii(l every iiussiMi' iiieaiM lalveii to assist 
 ami Htininlate the liirnier.-'. The rexiilt was thai 
 the Ciistmiis' I'etiini til' triiile, ii]! to Jiinnary, 
 ISK'i, fhoweil a savin;; to the county, during thi' 
 two preeedin^' \ears. oi' t'22.1l2li iStg. 
 
 'J'liis Hoeiety has ii)iitiiined to foster and stiniii- 
 lati' the ii^rriciiltiiral interests up to the present 
 period, and some lew years siiu'e sent one ol' its 
 proiniiieiit iiu'iiilicrs, Andrew Hailiarie, Ksi],, to 
 Eiijriand, lor the pnrpo>e of selecting suitable 
 animals to iiiipro\c the stocU. 
 
 The town is situated at the foot of a range of 
 hills, from the top <d' which can he seen in rear, 
 a vast trad of heautifiil tahic land, exteiidiii!: as 
 far as the eye can reach, all of which is suited for 
 tigriciiltunil purjioses. 
 
 Our view commences at iMcgoiiacha Point on 
 the Canada side, extending up the riser towards 
 ('amplielltown. To the right of the I'oint is seen 
 Mr. Moll'att's steam mill. Further on, a column 
 is seen on the top ofliieiiill. 'I'his is a monu- 
 ment erected to the ineiiKU'y of Captain .lohn 
 Hamilton, father of the lion. William Hamilton, 
 whose name is given as one of the lirst settlers. 
 The iiKmument hears the lollow ing inscription : — 
 
 "In memory of (,'ai)t, John Hamilton, a native 
 of Kingscross, Arran, Scotland. He was the first 
 merchant who settled at nalhousie, and along 
 with iiiaii\' liene\olciit actions, hiiill St. .lolin's 
 
 I'resliyleriiin Church, lor which liis IrieiiiU iind 
 countrymen here thus record their gratitude." 
 
 'I'lie large two-storied house in front, and near 
 thi' centre of our plate, is the residence of ,1 U. 
 Camphell, Ksi|. An isolated hiiilding further to 
 the right is ihc Koiiiaii Catholic Church. A large 
 two-ston'y hiiilding, near the river, forms |)iirt of 
 Mr. W. S. Smith's hiisiness |ireiiiises, and a group 
 of hiiildingh, iinmediiitely in rear, on the hruw of 
 the hill, is the resirleii il' Hiigald Slewarl, K.s(|. 
 
 IScsides tlic Koinan Catholie (.'hiircli, shown in 
 the view, lliere arc two Protestant places of wor- 
 ship, a I'resin Icriiiu Cliurch and a Weslesaii Cha- 
 pel. An Kpiscopal <!liiircli is al-to in course of 
 erection, hut. judging from the time that has 
 elapsed since its commencement, we fear that tlu' 
 churchmen of Dalhoiisie are not over /.ealoiis in the 
 cause. 'IMiis is iiunh to he regretted, as, with ii 
 migratory population, such as necessarily congre- 
 gates here during the ~uninu'r iiuuiths, the present 
 church accommodation ix far from sulVicicnt, and 
 a trulv pious and ellicieiit pastor would iiiid here 
 a wide lield of usefulness during the hiL'-y season. 
 
 The piihlic laiildiiigs consist id' a Court House, 
 (iaol, Town Hall, and Mechanics' Institute. A 
 piihlic wharf hiis also heen huill. aided hy a Ciov- 
 cniment grant. A little public spirit on liic jiart 
 of the mercantile community might, long ere this, 
 have t'aiiseil the erection of a substantial wharf 
 along a portion of the river frontag", which would 
 nut oiily be an ornami'ut to, anil iiii|U'ove the 
 salubrity of the town, but be a great convenience 
 for shipping 
 
 The chief exports are timber, deals, salmon .iiid 
 l)ickled herring. 
 
 The jjiiiicipal mercantile firms are Messrs. Wm. 
 Hamilton, W. S. Smith, (!eo. Moll'att, and I). 
 Hiichie & (ai. 
 
 The County of Kestigouche was originally in- 
 cluded with that of Gloucester in Northumberland, 
 and was final ly separated from (lloiicestcr on the 
 Isl of .March, IS.'.;. 
 

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CANADIAN SCENERY — BAT1IUU8T, NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 51 
 
 BATIIURST, NEW BRUNSWICK. 
 
 Bathuhst, the Shire Town of tho County of Glou- 
 cester, New Brunswick, iw f'ituuted on tiie south 
 side oi' the Bay Chiilenrs, in Lat. 47" 39' N., Long. 
 Co' 38' W. Its site is one ol'tiieinost iiicttn-escjue 
 and advantageous that could have been chosen 
 and does credit to its founder, the late Sir Howard 
 Douglas, formerly Lieutenant Governor of New 
 Brunswick, by whom it Avas selected in 1828, and 
 named after Lord Bathurst, the then Colonial 
 Minister. 
 
 The town is built on a level promontory, formed 
 by the continence of three rivers, the Big Nipi- 
 siquit on the east, and the Middle and Little 
 Kivers on the west, which empty tliemselves into 
 a noble basin, forming the harbour, three and a 
 half miles long by one and a half miles in breadth. 
 This splendid sheet of water is only navigable 
 through the channels formed by the rivers, which 
 are very intricate The population of Bathurst, 
 whi('h atone period reached 1100, is now reduced 
 to 800. It contains an Episcopal church, a Wes- 
 leyan chapel, a court house, gaol, masonic hall, 
 two hotels, several well stocked shops, and many 
 handsome private residences. 
 
 The harbour, which is comph'tely land-locked, 
 is a bar harbour, and too shallow for vessels of any 
 burthen. Vessels drawing more than ten to twelve 
 feet must load outside of the bar — a very serious 
 drawback to the eonunercial prosperity of the jiort. 
 
 The late Honourable Joscjili Cunard carried (ui 
 
 a very e.vtensive business in Bathurst at one 
 l)crio(l. having a large ship-yard, from which a 
 lunnber of vessels of considerable t(unnige were 
 launched every summer. Timber onci- formed an 
 extensive article of exi)ort, but the giants of the 
 forest have disappeared, and sawn lumber has 
 become the chief export during the last twenty 
 years. 
 
 Bathurst was first known bj^ the Indian name 
 of Nipisifjuit. 'i7ie 1^'rench named it iit. Pierr" 
 an appellation which it bore until 1829, when it 
 was changed to Bathurst by an act of the legisla- 
 ture. The village on the north side of the basin 
 still retains the luune of St. Peter. The town 
 and village are united by a substantial wooden 
 bridge of half a mile in length, which spans the 
 mouth of the Big Nipisiciuit, corrupted from 
 Winkapeipiwiek, which in the Mic-Mac language 
 means broken or troubled waters. This river 
 which has its source in lakes distant about ninety 
 miles, is not navigalde beyond its mouth, except 
 in canoes, being broken by falls and rapids. The 
 Great Falls, distant about twenty miles, are well 
 worthy of a visit. The entire body of water is 
 here confined to a narrow passage from thirty to 
 forty feet wide, cut, as it were, between the solid 
 rock, through wliich it rushes with a thunderipg 
 roar, falling nearly one hundred feet into a natu- 
 ral canal, whose perpendicular walls completely 
 exclude the suu'r< ravs. 
 
II 
 
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 02 
 
 CANAKIAN SCKNEHY ItATltl UST, NKW lililNSU ICK. 
 
 Otir ])la((. ropn'sciits tlio villti,t,'c of St. IV-tcr. 
 Till' rorcjirouiul on I ho left is luriiicd by tlio 
 liridgc. Alxivc i^ ill)' I'roliN l('ri;iii ('liiirch. Noar 
 till' centre is ti:e li!-|i idati Idwaids Kesti.uoni'lie. 
 .Udinu stiuiglit u\< Inmi llie liriil.L'e. Tlie Imililings 
 
 tlie ITon. .Tolm Fer^'nson.a niostconifortable ostah- 
 lishincnt. is wliolly (UinccMiled l»y the trees in the 
 Imeksnuiud. Ahove these are seen I lie Konian 
 ('iilJKilie Chnrch.andu Convent or religions Senii- 
 nai'y, the hitter heini;- now in coiir'^e ol' ereetion. 
 
 • Ml the rij^lit of ilie road are the property ol'.Messrs. j .Inst over tiie hill, on the hiuiiroad. Mr. Ferfrn- 
 
 Niipier. Hainey, and MTnlh-eh Hiothers. tlie last ' son has, we think, the hest manafred farm on either 
 
 two havin- retail stores. Tlie l.uildinfis helo-v, side ol (he I5ay (.'lialenrs. No e.xpensi. is spared 
 
 at the water's edge, loriii a part of the eMensive : to .seeure the best breeds of horn^'d eattle. slieep. 
 
 premises of Messrs. Ferguson, liankin I'i Co. The 
 large rwo-sturey bnilding eontains the sliop, otliee, 
 
 pigs, .ti' 
 
 The linn of KergiiMin, Rankin i,*c Co. isa braneli 
 
 .•io. In the right iiand e.irner is their extensive ' of the great liou.-.. of (iilnionr & Hankin, so w.dl 
 
 steam saw mill and deal wharves, uilh a ship known in t he lmn:)er trade both in New iirunswiek 
 
 nlongside loading. They have al.-o a ship-yard. and Canada. This branch has been carrying on 
 
 and allord constant employment to some two Imsiiiess in Halhnrst under the above naiii,. sineo 
 
 hundred per.sons. The residence of the manager, 18;!]. 
 
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CANAhl.W SCKNKIIV AMIIKIlST ISI.ANN, MAllhAI.KN ISI.AMiH. 
 
 r.s 
 
 AMHERST ISLAxXL). MA(iI)ALEN ISLANDS. 
 
 ' ''■'fi ' : ■ 
 
 
 Tins is M view oi' tlic port anil Imilioiir of Am- 
 liiMHt, Miijiiliili'ii Island.H, in tlii' (JuH' df St. \m\k- 
 rt'iico, Lilt. \~" 11!' N., and Lon. 01' 0(1' W., tiikcii 
 iVoiii till! Di'nioi.si'llc llilln, on tlic N. N. W. nido 
 ot'tlic Imrhour, and Hhowing, in tiic centre of tlio 
 foreground, tlio ("iiMtoin IIoumo, Court ILmisc, (Jaol 
 and new pnhlic buildings. To the left is the 
 Cape, forming tlie ontranee to Anilierst harl)our, 
 on which is erected tlie Episcopal CIuutIi. Am- 
 herst Island contHins ahout 1000 inhaiiitants, and 
 is the uKjst important of the Magilalen group, 
 which consists of Amherst, Entry, (Irindsione, 
 Alright, Collins, (Irosseisle, JJrvoii and Deadmau 
 Islands, and the Bird Hock. It is named after 
 the distinguished general, who, more than a cen- 
 tury ago, took such an active part in dislodging 
 the French from their (Joionial j)osse,ssioiis in 
 America. It is about eleven ndles in length and 
 lour in breadth; contains excellent soil, and from 
 its shores a most extensive cod, herring, seal antl 
 mackerel fishery is carried on. The island is 
 annually visited by huudreds of English, French 
 and American fishing vessels. The harbour, which 
 is entered from Pleasant Bay, is capable of con- 
 taining several hundred vessels, (drawing not over 
 twelve feet of water.) and ail'ords shelter from ail 
 winds. In the background is seen the Loiig Sand 
 Beach, wliich divides Pleasant Bay from the 
 waters of the (iulf, and extends to Sandv Hook 
 
 I (Miannel, which tornis tiie entriince to Pleasant 
 Bay. Andierstisaport of entry,and a warehous- 
 ing port, and is sixty mil.-s direct fnmi Cape 
 i North, in Cajjc Breton, lot) miles from (Ja.spe, in 
 i Lower Canada, 120 miles from Cape Hay, New- 
 I foundland, and lifty miles from the east point of 
 Prince Edward Island. 
 
 Captain (afterwards Admiral) Sir Isaac ColHn 
 obtained a grant of the Magdalen islands in 17'.)S. 
 He was born in Boston in 17()0, entered the navy 
 at the early age of 1.3, and passed through the 
 various grades of rank until the Midshipman 
 becauu; the full Admiral in 1814. 
 
 The Admiral died in 1831), and left the islands 
 to his nephew Captain ,T(din Townseiul Collin, an 
 oflicer in the British navy, who has recently 
 attained to the rank of Admiral. They are now 
 an entailed estate in his possession. Both the late 
 and the present posse.sscjr have, in a variety of 
 ways, testified their interest in the welfare of 
 their tenants, the inhabitants of the islands. The 
 income derived from them is merely nominal, and 
 is always expended in improvements designed to 
 promote the welfare of the inhabitants. 
 
 At the time the grant was made the popula- 
 tion was about ")00 souls. In 1S61, when the 
 census was taken, the total popuUilion was found 
 to be 2051. 
 
 

 
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CANADIAN SCEXKUY — ALRUJIIT ISLAM), M. I. 
 
 ALRIGHT ISLAND, M. I. 
 
 This it< a view of the northern extremity of 
 Alright Island, showing part of the .settlcuient of 
 House Harbour, together witii the .southern en- 
 trnnce to the harbour bearing the same name. 
 
 Alright Island lies to the north-east of Amherst 
 Island, and forms the north-east boundary of Plea- 
 sant Bay, which has here a width of about twelve 
 miles. The island is about four miles long by two 
 broad, and its surface is almost entirely a succes- 
 sion of small hills and valleys. The soil ix fertile 
 though little cultivated, as the inhabitants, with 
 few exceptions, devote themselves entirely to the 
 seal and cod (isheries. 
 
 lu the foreground is the Roman Catholic Church, 
 a new and commodious structure, with a presby- 
 tery and school-house in the rear. A little to the 
 right is the dwelling-house of Wm. Johnston, i 
 Esq., the principal merchant resident here. Fur- 
 ther, ill the same direction, is a tlat sandy beach, i 
 dividing the waters of Pleaitaut Bay from another ^ 
 small bay, and terminating towards the east in a ! 
 point, on which are situated the merchants' stores, 
 and the buildings used in preparing the seal oil, 
 which forms their principal staple of trade. This 
 point forms the southern boundary of the entrance 
 
 to House Harbour, which is protected to the north 
 Ity another point stretching from Grindstone 
 Island fseen in the rear). This is the general 
 anchoring ground of the vessels frequenting this 
 island, several of which are shown in the plate. 
 The waters of Pleasant Bay, after passing between 
 these ])oinfs, tlow for about twenty miles to the 
 cast, betwe(,'n two sand ridges, which are prolon- 
 gations of Grindstone and Alright Islands and 
 form a kind of lagoon varying in width from a 
 half to one and a half ndles. At the eastern 
 extremity of this lagoon is Grosseisle, an island 
 with a very good harbour, open to the south, 
 called Grand Entry. 
 
 In the background is shown a part of Grindstone 
 Island, so called from a lofty conical cape of sand- 
 stone on its south-east shore, called by the French 
 Cap Mcule. This islaiul forms the north-west 
 boundary ol Pleasant Bay, and is about five miles 
 in length. Its soil is ricii, and agriculture is pro- 
 secuted with vigour. The eastern extremity, 
 shown in the plate, is very interesting, from the 
 nuiiuM'ous traces of volcanic action it presents, la\a, 
 tufa and scoria, being iibundant. At its weslern 
 limit is the thriving village of L'Etang du Nord.