IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) t 1.0 |M 132 I.! 1.25 M 120 11= 14 III 1.6 c^l •^ '!!• /^ V Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^Ea £?, CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Inst'tute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreprodi 3 ^ .M p.-^«-^ I, 8: ''i> 1^ f } i W I- *— ^s/rf I UNIFTCArrON Of ^^llT^ .Vmerica A LAW, A BUSINESS. A DUTY *•> A PLAN OF CONTrXEXT.VL CONSTEUCTION TOESENTKn THllOUGH GEOROE BATCHELOR Citizen of Unitized America t\ vf',,..-fr NEW YOEK Janv.nry 1. tS07 'iT PRICE. 10 CENTS. Entered according to act of Congress, In the year 1867, By Geoisge BATCHEi.on, In the CTerk's office of the District Court of the United States for tlie Southern District of New York. SOLD, FOR THi: AUTirOI?, BY AUGUST BHENTANO, 70S Brojichvay, .N'KW YORK. AsiiiK Ilvr-L, printer, '21 Church Sf, L. f^i—t-i»ir:t~m»^ -•,m^^-*m-^.mrY-ff , 'rrTiTwn'''-rr^nwj r-n > /u. /n '>? -^ "N thcrn r. » < ♦ * ' V *» ' ( ' '^ V^ ^^^ r^^W' ^ UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. «•» I. 1. All ends in Unity. 2. Man is, on a condensed scale, a perfect world within himself. Mind and matter, centre and circumference, free with his wiU but captive of his wants, whole and part, light and mirror, sense and perception, action and actor, ^iin has been evoMng, ever since the da^,n of his histo- ry, the august purposes of his individual and coUective life. Had he cast his regards inward or outward, earthward or heavenward, Man might' have comprehended at a glance what was his lot to discover, to develop, to per- petuate. These firmaments secured by starry nails, those oceans swelled by their rock-bound fountains, this earth so fecund and so beautiful, that smiling family gathered around his hearth — each and aU of these creations, though varying in forms, attributes, and functions, had a :^;,< . jjc destination : they were gi^avitating toward a comi, >n centre. However, this centripetal direction was .» » • I , \ 2« UNIFICATION OF NOllTH AMERICA. not to be intoUigently followed until from ages to ages Man had groped across the entire sphere, mapping on the way the unclaimed portions of his doaiain. Before he was permitted to grasp the Universe, Man had to gi'ow up to Humanity. 3. Kept awake by the throbbing of the divine law through whose unconscious agauoy he had appropriated his vast apanage of land and wajter, Man aspired to as- sert byUniversfvl domination his mastery over his fellow- beings and over nature. Ambi'ion, self-di;fonse, dynastic requirements, national necessity, religious -zeal, God- appointed mission, wliat names and verbal disguises have not the conquerors used, simply to obey the behests of Unitism? Recall to mind the ^freat empires of antiquity, their he- roes* and their legendary exploits and their authentic thii'st after more territory. Do you still hear the sobs of Alexander of Macedon in presence of the ocean opposing its unbounded immensities to the boundlessness of his desires V • The Jews, assigning to the voice of their prophets and to the text of their scriptures a literal interpret-ation. entertained the idea that they were predestined to com- 3aand the world. The Messiah, so long looked for, was (xpected to deliver their race and establish Israelitish supremacy of religion and government. • The Roman people, who started from such a wmali in- terior point, pushed their conquests to the extremities of the earth of the Ancients ! AVhat energy* of persever- ance ! What valor on the battle-field ! What wisctom in comicil ! f 1 :o agoB ing on Before to groNV ine law )priated dto as- .H foUow- dynaHtic ial, Grod- disgaises LG behests , tlieir he- authentic ,he sobs of opposing ess of his • phets and rpret-ation. edto com- ;ed for, ^'as Israehtish a suiaU iu- Ltremities of 3f persever- wisdoin in UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. I To the declining power oi imperial Borne succeeded the spiritual puissance, which has Ijeen transmitted from ' St. Peter to Pius IX, diirinof eighteen consecutive centu- ries, and whose dictates and tenets r:idiate from the Vati- can to Polynesia and the continents. Mahojuet and his fanatic successors, Koran and sword in hands, overwhelmed Asia and invaded Europe. " No- body can predict where their propagandism would have stopped, if Charles Martel had not hammered it down in the plains of Southern France. We meet, amid the debris of the Roman empire, the shadow of Charlemagne covering the Eastern hemiisphere. The barbaric hordes of G-engis-Kjban and Tamerlane are arrested at the gates of Europe — the want of vessels to transport them thither frustrating the designs of world-wide conquest cherished by those blood-thirsty commanders. Russia, bom of the principality of Muscow, accepts from Peter Romanoff, the carpenter of her incipient greatness, the mission to subjugate the world ; she spares neither blood* nor treasure to execute it according to the letter and spirit of the testament of the illustrious legator. Napoleon Buonaparte, whose birth-island is anchored in the Mediterranean waters that lave the shores of three continents, sacrificed to his Unitic projects every- thing that obstructed his march : he blew to atoms, at the mouth of the cannon, the republic that had raised him; he twice overturned his own throne. At St. Helena, his political dreams and his military speculations em- brtfcce the «rorld : he reconstructs the Old and organizes the New. 4 UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. 4. Let US now take a trip aoross the Atlantic, and ob- serve if the mme i(Overuin^ motor — tliat precipitated so often nation af^ainst nation in the Oriental hemiaphei-e — f)btained also in the new-found lands of the Ocoidontal, or whether Unitisin embarked for the tir.st time on board the emigi'ant vessels from Europe. Who knows but one, or perhaps several, cf the autoch- tonous races — that have at one period or another treaded the soil of America — exercised a universal authority over the Continent ? May it not be properly contended that, at the ante- European epoch of settlements, the Indian Aboriginos — having so man_) traits of physical and social resemblan- ces that they might be called one nation — occupied the country from oi- ^ end to the other ? Cristoforo Colombo, guided by the Unitary star, opened America to Spain, the Cabotas to England, Jac- ques Cai tier to France. Each of these nations attempted in turn to take pos- session of the entire Continent. At the beginning of this century, Spain possessed near- ly the whole of South America, all Central America, Mexico with her former limits, together with Florida, Louisiana, and estabUshments, on the Northern Pacific coast, extending as far as the Columl^ia river. Dry up the Mississippi, and you will find the tomb of De Soto, its discoverer. The Spaniards did not striye to ascend farther north because they dtjlight basking in the equa- torial sun rather than affronting the cold blasts of the hyper-tropical zone. UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. 9 pos- ;■•*.?. France put her military jyouiuH to task in order to suffo- cate and starve and crush out the Euf^Ush colonies of the seaboard. Who should remain masters of these habita- ble solitudes, of the French or of the English, suoli was the real objoot of this prolonged struggle. All was lost — for, what had cost miles of soldiers and heaps of piasters, La Pompadour estimated at the contemptible value of a few acres of snow. New France was doomed to disappear from the map of America, thanks to the abandonment of the home government and to the well- concerted blows of England and her American colonies. Tlie treaty of 1703 consecrated the victories of Great Britain. Her sway extended now over the greater part of North America and of the West Indies. Mighty, indeed, had been the efforts of these three Uniticent nations ! The reign of England, however, was destined to be short-lived. The minds of the colonists had been too sharpened by hard-earned experience nor to allure them to the conclusion that the union of their military forces, which had i^roved so effective against the French and their allies, might be employed in their own deliverance. Every reader of the history of t -e United States is fa- miliar with the planting of colonies, along the Atlantic coast, by the English, French, Dutch, and Swedes — with their gradual moving toward the foot of the Alleglia- nies — with their war of independence — with their organ-# ization into a perfected confederacy — with their sliding on the Western slope of the Alleghanies down to the Mississippi — with their march hence to the Rocky Moun- tains — with their climbing over those vertebrae of the Continent — -never stopping, after having absorbed every I 6 U.NIFIOATION OF NORIE AMERICA. I I il ri intervening territory, until, alighting upon the moun- tain-tops and then upon the snow-clad peaks, they had nestled cities on th^ margin of the Pacific ocean. Resuming the Unification of North America where France and England left it half completed, the United 3tates have steadily advanced in parali'il lines fi'om the Eastern shores to those of the West. Shall they halt in the midst of their extraordinary career? 'Why should they not drive to the Arctic cii'cles and steer round the Gulf of Mexico? Is it believable that they have made these vast strides across the Conti- nent without any profound thought imderlying their movements? 5. To-day, the United States stand geograpliically acephalous and limbless. They resemble their own cari- catures of John Bull with his obese belly flabbing down. Sliall they suffer themselves to stay thus cramped and incomplete, when the sepprat(^ parts of the Continent, bleeding from anarchy and discontent, demand oheir po- litical connection with the main trunk ? The duties of the United States augment in direct ratio of their mas- sive size a,nd of their irresistible prestige. Let them finish promptly the work of unifying North America ! Will they remain deaf to the utterances of the seers, re- sounding back from generation to generation? : ,;n America is composed of two continents superposed upon one another : North and South America. They will be treated, accordinglv, as two distinct continental organisms. Thti America of the North is the only conti- nent whose Unity is advocated for the present. UNIFICATION OF NORTH .V3TERICA. the moun- !, they had an. .1 rica where he United 5 from the faordinary 3tic circles believable the Couti- ying their rapliically own cari- ing- down, nped and Continent, oheir po- duties of leir mas- jet them Ajnerica ! seers, re- perposed a. They ntinental aly conti- Ocean,s surround the head and sides of North Ameri- ca. Its feet, right and left, rest iipoja the broad shoul- ders of the twin Continent. The island of Trinidad, the SI .nthernmost of the larger Antilles, shall forru the southern boundaiy on the right. The left limits will be iixed in the (xidf of Darien, at the mouth of the Atrat" ; whence follow the co'nrs(^ of that river to its source, then cross by a straight line to the head waters of tiie Sau Jaan, which empties at Chirambira, on the Pacific. To avoid difficulties about confines and the inhabitants, the ceded territory siiouJd couipriso the valleys of both rivers, be^wee]i the Western Cordilleras and the ocean. Every piece of land situated above this double southern boundary, as far as the poles, belongs to North America. On account of their greater proximity to our coasts and i'ur tiieir own convenience, the Bermudas in the Atlantic anil the Sandwich Islands in the Pacific should be moored along^t our Continent. There is now-a-days such a rapid succesfion of events that your statements of last become obsolete this, month. To obviate these constantly occurring changes, the date of the 1st January, 1867, is chosen as the fixed point up to which references wiU be made. , - ^■• North America may be divided into three pp.rts, name- ly : Northern, Central, and Southern. The Northern portion i« occupied by the Russian, British, and Dan- ish possesisions; the Central, by the United States; the Southern, by that continuation of Florida, the archipela-* go comprising the Bahamas and the ^kiitilles, as also by Mexico, the Central American States, and some provinces belonging to New Granada. Unite \ these countries would measure eight million fi^e hundred thousand s<^uare miles. •I ll I 'I f I MM ■i I 8 UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. Here, climates mark their passage from the eternal winters of the Arctic regions to the perpetual summers of the lands bordering on the Equator. Productions blos- som or wither in their train. Nature is the grandest, the most fruitful, all self-sufl&cient. Fifty-five millions of souls flourish on the bosom of Notth America. * They appertain to the Caucasian, Mongolian, Ethiopian, and American Indian races. The latter claim to be Aborigines, whilst the rest are by descent European, Asiatic, and African. A traveller may hear, in passing among groups of this mixed population, the *diom of the Esquimaux and the Indian dialects, the Enghsh, the Trench, Spanish and Italian, the G-erman, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, and Nor- wegian, the Russian and the Chinese. Paganism prevails among the native tribes; Budhism accompanies the Chinese ; Mormonism is hatching at Utah ; Rafciojialism attends the Freethinkers; the masses profeL's the Christian rehgion. The independent governments of the Continent are administered by nine presidents, one emperor, one king, besides a number of aboj-iginal chiefs. The colonies pay obedience to two emperors, three kings, ahd two queens. This statement shows the existence of eighteen distinct sovereignties. 6. Does any country on the face of this earthy crust present equal advantages of configuration, broadening to three thousand miles and tapering, through well-man- aged gradations, to forty miles ? Can p,ny region occupy a more central position, floating Hke a buoy fastened by the hand of a god in the midst of the oceans ? CouM e eternal mmers of ions blos- grandest, bosom of Sthioxian, m to be iluropean, ps of this c and the mish and and Nor- BudhJsm tching at le masses inent are one king, onies pay queens. 1 distinct : ' thy crust oadening Arell-man- »n occupy stened by ? Could fl any land c whether it I compactnes its circulato nervous sys degree the state : a coc Is such a to political nations, rep! ness of adn complexity ( United Stal fresh compa may easily view of youi their possibi] Freedom, and limited must be the The fundai antee that co: Popularize! similarities oi transactions ( The conve the contrast well as by the The juxtap side or to hoj impart larger spire an exal hood, by the UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA 9 any land combine a greater perfection of organic life, whether it concerns the completeness of its parts, the compactness of its frame, the regularity and extent of its circulatory apparatus, or the wiry construction of its nervous system ? North America reunites in the highest degree the conditions prescribed for a healthy physical state : a cool head, a well-fed stomach, and warm feet. Is such a body of inseparable lands forever condemned to political isolation from its centre ? No ! American nations, replace this manyness of sovereignties by one- ness of administ'L-Fiion. Look ' at the economy and little complexity of the process! The federative form of the United States government solicits, far from repelling, fresh companionship of States. One elective President may easily govern fifty States. Take an introspective view of your new relations and judge for yourselves of their possibility. Freedom, extended to aU subjects of human import and limited only by the equal rights of your neighbors, must be the corner-otone of the Unificial edifice. The fundamental sameness of religions will be a guar- antee that consciences need not borrow alarm.. Popularized by universal education, the etymological similarities of our continental languages will facilitate the trsnsactionR of private and public business. The convergence of interests will be encouraged by the contrast of productions from the various zones as well as by the diversity of industrial pursuits. The juxtaposition of races, compelled tc live side by side or to hold rapports of more or less frequency, will impart larger ideas of Christian toleration ; it wiil in- spire an exalted conception of humanitarian brother- hood, by the influence of which natural differences of I ! mum 10 UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. whatever kind will meet a mutual respect, as those of height, color, weight, intellect, appetite, do in the ordi- nary course of life among people of the same race, language, and reUgion. May these prospects of stability and harmony redeem the sacrihceB made on the altar of local attachments and national prejudices ! 7. What influences are capable of arresting the expan- sion of our territory and the germination of these benign principles ? The European jDowers inimical to this government — for some reasons common to the three, and for others pecuUar to each — are England, France, and Spain. The United States are corseted by British possessions, forts, commercial outposts and depots. 'England com- mands the mouths of the St. La^vrence, the Bahama chan- nels, where Nassau, of blockade memory, is secreted, the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico and of the Caribbean sea. yrom her ports on the Pacific, connected through num- berless islands and Australia with her East India pos- sessions, would sally a fleet ready to pounce upon oui- merchantmen. In case of war, France, Spain, and England, aired, could hermetically close the Southern American waters against the vessels of the United States; If the tripar- tite treaty of 18G2 had been maintained and carried out, the policy of intervention wliicli it inaugarated might have sensibly affected the turn of affairs, both with re- spect to Mexico and the Southern States in rebellion. Shall we profit by our past experience ? Shut our eyes to this sad evidence of dangers ? I Moreover, plement of ( commanding I seas. Ameri navy needs . protection. i I Whilst the ' useful to the merce and as countries tha tracting, like of the most e The territo containing 1^1 ►Salvador, Hoi Colombian Si coming what ground of the The import first, from th with the pre< vegetation, an^ ture and mid( dentially to tl to or coming f than two-thir( seek a passage suia offers the less than twe canals and se-^ and carefully j of England, an UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. 11 ^d, ji>j lit e- m. res Moreover, tae We8t India Islands form a natural com- plement of our geographical system. Their position is commanding at once the broad ocean and hind-looked .seas. American trade requires American ports, and the navy needs American stations for rendezvous and for l>rotection. How long shall they be deprived of both '? Whilst the West India group of isles are pointed as useful to the increasing exigencies of American com- merce and as indispensable to our national security, the countries that rise opposite their in-gulf sides are at- tracting, like a horn of universal plenty, the attention of the most enterprising nations. The territory from the Rio Grande to the Atrato — containing Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, Balize, San Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and the Colombian States of Panama and Cauca — is fast be- coming what nature mAde it, the most valuable piece of ground of the whole globe. The importance of these different States is derived, first, from the native richness of their soil, pregnant with the precious metals and luxuriant with tropical vegetation, and, secondly, from their exceptional struc- ture and middle situation, which adapt them so provi- dentially to the transit of passengers and traffic going to or coming from the Atlantic and Pacific basins. More than two-thirds of tiie population of the world must seek a ^mssage at the points where the American penin- sula offers the route shortest, speediest, and safest. Not less than twenty-six routes, including nineteen ship- canals and seven railways, have already been explored and carefully surveyed by citizens of the United States, of England, and of France. The newspapers relate every 12 UNIFICATION OF NORTH AMERICA. J week the intrigneH fomeuted by foreign agents to get possession, at any price, of the Panama railroad, and of other leading routes. "Why are you constructing the Pacific railroad across American territory, where the greatest breadth of the Continent exists, if not to secure a share of this immense commerce, which wiU tax to their utmost capacity all the projected channels of oceanic Intercommunication ? "Wake up then, statesmen of America, seize the cov- eted prize, lest strangers, more alert than you have shown yoiorseives, get forcible possession of it ! 8. How h.",ve the United States arrived at their pres- ent aggregate? By successive acquisitions, effected through grants, purchase, exchange, cession, treaty, compensation, colonization, conquest, annexation. Let us examine which of these means can be used to gain I possession of the non-unified territories, and what new methods may suggest themselves. Russian America should be acquired by purchase. « "When this last bargain is consummated, it will be next to impossible to allow the intervening territory of British CoLTTMBiA to break the continuity of our Pacific domin- ions. It might be ceded as a settlement of claims for the depredations of rebel cruisers armed in English ports. Since the Territory of Hudson's Bay Company is offered for sale, some of our miUionaires ought to associate themselves for the purpose of buying it on their own account, and make a present of it to the "Cfnited States. Liberty, our bride, is worth the offering. I Without of the Dan gladly exch Congress State depa British go"\ of Canada, and Prince stituencies their best ii American nt England, mark, will 1 tion to acqi their several Our gover cation of fro FOKNiA and tl the Gulf of inclusively — SiNALOA. . A friendly tween O'lr St; ernments of Hayti, and o: To the pa address stro: Among ot] upon them o which their 1 UNIFIOATION OF \ORTH AMEEICA. 18 Pfet d of the the cure i. to anic Without presuming too little of the disinterestedness of the Danes, it is not impertinent to guess they will gladly exchange Danish America for dollars and cents. rr,ri I cov- lave res- !ted %t\. Let [•ain lew text CISH lin- for [ish red ate >vni fces. Congress, by a bill or resolution, should direct the State department to commence negotiations with the British government about authorizing the provinces of Canada, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Peince Edward, to submit to their respective con- stituencies the question whether they would deem it their best interest to join their fortimes to those of their American neighbors. England, Spain, France, Holland, Sweden, and Den- mark, will be Hkewise approached touching our inten- tion to acquii-e from them the right of possession of their several property in the West Indian Archipelago. Our government might arrange with Mexico a rectifi- cation of frontiers on the South, embracing Lower Cali- fornia and the territory— between the Sierra Madre and the Gulf of California, from the river Gila to Mazatlan inclusively— comprised in the states of Sonora and Sinaloa. . A friendly correspondence ought to be pursued be- tween o^or State department and the independent gov- ernments of Mexico, of Central America, of Colombia, of Hayti, and of the Sandwich Islands. To the patriotism and intelligence of these States address strong appeals. Among other arguments in favor of the scheme urge upon them oui' views of a continental organization, in which their autonomous revendications would find an 14 UNIFICATION OF NOKTH AMEKICA. adequate repreHontation in their local governments, wh()?te preservation is assured and whose authority must bo respected. Before their dazzled eyes, display sunbursts of the glory attainable only by America intcyralizod : their State pride and their self-interest will be heightened to an undi'eamt degree of po^ver, of wealth, and of grandeur. \Miat has been accomi^Urihed thus far through instinct- ive force, we must undertake to do for the future as a clear matter of business — using to that effect the same scien- tific accuracy and rules that presided at the preliminaiy surveys, contracts, and actual construction of the Pacific f railway. Enlightened by events of a recent date, and mindful of future, complications, the Congress should solemnly declare, that the United States Government forbids foreign governments and their subjects henceforward to colonize any portion of North America — to build therein any pub- lic highway that may, cause detriment to our interests and disturb our peace — to erect. North or South, any gov- ernment hostile in form or design to our republican in- stitutions — without obtaining beforehand the concurrence and assent of the American people. This ^manifesto, sweeping in its scope, definite in its terms, permanent in its character, would supersede the i anterior declaration of president Monroe, susceptible of f so many conflicting interpretations. Kecognized the world over as the American doctrine of continental in- ; tegrity, it would be equivalent to a formal protectorate f over the neighboring nations, oi to an offensive aiid defen- sive alliance with them. Its formidable simplicity renders it preferable to either of these measures. Int]ivi( mental a as in tlu points of War, b of the ni should pr ai'my of country should be the war be sole but fa an additic States. 9. This c sided, cone meetings ai and Execn ance with t ing tenor no In the na control of t In the na; Education, i In the na] inner and oi dren of the > I CNIPlnATION OF NOSTH AMEBICA. Ig In