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[Nal.] 
 
 Ion. Ed. Blake on Protection & Free Trade. 
 
 (From the Canadmn Manufacture.) 
 
 Eight years and three mouthy a<^o a considerable majority of tho 
 people oC Canada declared themselves to be in favor of a National 
 Policy of Protection, not only for Home Manulactuies, but for Home 
 Production generally. Mr. Alexander Mackenzie, the former leader 
 of the Reform party, has been a pronounced Free Trader all his life, 
 and his views on the trade question have never been matter of 
 d(jubt or dispute with anyljody. Ever since Mr. Blake became 
 iea<Kir the pulilic have felt gre.itly interested to know what hia 
 views are on tlie same (question • but somehow or other the same 
 certainty has never been obtained as with regard to Mr. Mackenzie. 
 It was not considered extraordinary that Mr. Blake, being a lawyer, 
 sliould speak mostly on questions iiolitical and constitntionjU, rather 
 than on questions economical, leaving the latter to be ilealt with by 
 an ex-Minister of Finance — Sir llichard Cartwright. At all event* 
 it is a fact that he spoke very little on questions of the latter kind ; 
 and it is another fact that even since ]87rt much uncertainty as to 
 what his views on commercial policy wei*e, has prevailed. The 
 most definite statement the prblic have yet had from him was 
 made on the occasion of the metnng of his supporters which was 
 held in Tcu'outo some weeks ago. What he said then has already 
 app 'ared in our columns, having been taken frpm the Globe's full 
 report : but lot us repeat. He said : — 
 
 " I desii" to refer very briefly to the attitude of the Liberal party 
 upon tho i[uestion of the tariff". It has been grossly misrepresented. 
 In 1.SS2 I stated my views upon that subject in the most fonnal 
 manner, by means of the address I issued to the electors of West 
 Diirliam as a manifesto to the country: b}' the principles then laid 
 down I still abide. I said: — 
 
 " ' You know well that I do not approve of needless restrictions 
 on oar liberty of exchanging what we have for what we want, and 
 do not see that any substantial application of the restrictive princi- 
 ple hjis been or can be, made in favor of the great interests of the 
 mechanic, the laborer, the farmer, the lumberman, the shipbuilder, 
 or the tisherman. But you know also that I have fully recognized 
 the fact that we are obligjed to raise yearly a great sum, ma«le 
 greater by the obligations imposed on us by this Government ; and 
 that, we must continue to provide this yearly sum mainly by import 
 *" duties, kaid to a great extent on goods similar to thosQ which can bo 
 
2 - I/U7 
 
 mo . / -^ 
 
 manufaeturod here ; and that it results as a necessary incident of our 
 settled tiswil system, that there must be a large, and jis I lielieve, ia 
 the view of moderate pnjt'ictionists, Jia ample advantage to the 
 home manufacturer. 
 
 " ' Our adversaries wish Uj pre.s<'nt to you an issue as l»etween the 
 present tariff and al>sohite Free Tiade. 
 
 '• ' That is not the true issue. 
 
 '"Free Trade is, as I have repeatedly explained, for '\s impo.'^sihle; 
 and the issue is whether the present tariff is |ierfect, or defective 
 and unjust. 
 
 "'I believe It to be in some important respects dct't'otive and 
 unjust. 
 
 "'We express;>(l our views last session in four motions. \v hi (^h 
 declare that ai'ti^les of such prime necessity as fuel and breadstutls 
 should be free ; that the suL;ar diitic^ should be so adjusted us '..» 
 relieve the consumer \'v<m\ some part of the enormous extra price he 
 is now liable to pay to a few reriuers; that the exoil)ii);nt and 
 uneijual <iuties on the lower grides of cottons and woollens should 
 be so chaiiLjtMJ as to make them fuin'r to the ma.sses, who now pay 
 on the cheap(;st goods taxes aliout twice as great in propru-tion as 
 those which the rich pay on the finest goods; and that the duties 
 on such materials as iron, which is in universal use, should be re- 
 duced so as to ejiable the home manufacturer, to whom it is a raw 
 material, to produce a ehcajier artich; fo'- the benefit of his h">me 
 CoutU^ner and the encourngement of his foreign trade. 
 
 '"1 believe that by changes of the character T have indicated 
 monopidy and exti'avagant pric(>> would be checked, a grra,(jr 
 metusure of fair play and justice to all classes would be secured, uml 
 the burden of taxation would \ni lietter adjusted to the capacity of 
 the people wh(j are to pay. Depend upon it, a day will come a\ hen 
 by shaip and bitter exp'orience we shall learn the truth ; and mai.y 
 who e\(in now applaud will then condemn these particular in 'idcuts 
 of the tarifr. ' " 
 
 Mr. Blake's repetition is of more importance than his original 
 utterance, and that for a reason ^hich is universally recognized. 
 To re-affirm a thing, after an inter\;d of time with its changes and 
 events has passed, is to imply that ytair views have not changed i>n 
 the matter in question, and that these views of yours are even more 
 decided Jiow than they were before. .Ilr, Blake gIves US to 
 iin<lerstaii<1 that his mind is inad<' up on tlic question of 
 Protection or Free Trade, anti lias heen for sonic yeai's 
 baeli. He admits abs^dute Free Trade to be impossiVde, but he 
 wants a reform of the tariff. And his allusion to "four motions" 
 pressed in the House by his party "in 1.SS2 implies that the party 
 was with him then, and is with him still. Bnt.h leader and party, 
 therefore, are responsible for the position assumed. 
 
 tn 
 
8 
 
 ia 
 )6 
 
 First, the coal-tax and the bread-tax, so-called. As to the former 
 our reply is tlint the price of coal to Canadian consumers would not 
 fall live centa per ton were coal niade free to-morrow. The price 
 of coal is tixetl by the j^reat American coal-carr)riiig railway com- 
 panies, and they actually favor Canada at the expense of their own 
 people, in order to hold the Canadian trade, which they deem to be 
 of great and y oarlj'-increasing value. These companies fix, not 
 merely the pric* at which they will sell to wholesale buyers, but 
 also the price at which it must be sold to retail buyers on both 
 sides of th(i border. Then the alleged coal-tax does not touch the 
 fanners at all, a point that is never alluded to in Free Trade 
 speeches. 
 
 Mr. Blake and his friends say in one breath that the " bread-tax " 
 raises the price of the poor man's loaf, and in the next that it does 
 not give the farmer a cent more for his wheat. Until they reconcile 
 these two contradictory statements they .scarcely deserve a civil 
 answer. But, even supposing the " poor man's loaf " argument to 
 have had some force years ago, it surely has none now, when our 
 surplus of wheat exported is on the eve of such an enormous ex- 
 pansion as the settlement of the great North-west is sure to give it. 
 The Liverpool price must rule this market — so say Mr. Blake's 
 lieutenants in the House, also the Globe. How then can the price 
 here be raised by any duty that w»! may impose ? 
 
 When to the former Europotin and American production of retined 
 sugar a netv Canadian j)roduction of the same article is added, the 
 tendency is to make the article cheaper, not dearer. Increase of 
 supply certainly operates to lower prices, not to raise them. But if 
 the principle of Pi'oteetion were tJioroughly carried out as regards 
 sugar, there would not be a cent of revenue from that article at all. 
 Refining or low grades would be admitted frej, while on refined 
 sugar the duties would be proliibitory. But revenue necessities 
 forbid, so we are told by those who ought to know. Dare Mr. 
 Blake say that if he were in power he could do without any 
 revenue at all from sugar, as they do in England ? 
 
 A country just beginning to create home manufactures must begin 
 with the coarser fabrics, and progress towai'd the production < f finer 
 goods as best it can. But it is a 1111^0 blunder to supposes tliait 
 the consul r always pays all the duty. Here i.s a case in 
 point. The American duties oi» cloths for men's wear lu^e about 
 three tivies the Canadian duties. And yet a suit of clothes of 
 ordinary quality can to-day be purchased in Buffalo or Detroit as 
 cheaply as in Toronto. Both the American cites named do a large 
 business in selling clothing to Canadian customers. 
 
 Hr. Blake and his friends have made this much pretty 
 
 Elaln, that) their strategy is to Itill the National Policy by 
 iches. The Caiiadian people are not likely to giye them 
 the chance. 
 [11