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This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checlted below / Ce document est U\m6 au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. lOx 14x 18x 22x 26x 30x I I I I I I I I I I M I I I lyii I I rr-T- 12x 16x 20x 24x 28x 32x The copy filmed here has b««n r«produc*d thanks to the generosity of: L'exemplaire film^ fut reproduit grace i la g4n6rosit4 de: National Library of Canada BibllothSque natlonale du Canada The images appeering here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specificationa. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impraaaion. 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Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont film^s en commen9ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'lmpression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derni*re page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un ti<*s symboles suivants apparaitra sur la derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent itre film^s i des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour itre reproduit en un ssul cliche, il est filmd d partir de Tangle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche d droite. et da haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessain. Lea diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 3 1 2 3 aH.M.& LABORATORY OF T»-E INLAND IIEVENUE DEPARTMENT OTTAWA, CAIS^ADA BULLETIN No. 156 CONCENTRATED COxMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFFS 2830—1 LABORATORY or TM INLAND REVENUE DEPARTMENT OTTAWA, CANADA. BULLETIN No. 166. OONOENTRATBD OOMMEROIAL FEEDING STUFFS Ottawa, Jane 8, 1908. W. J. (!erald, Esq., Deputy Minister of Inland Revenue, SiB, — I beg to hand you a Report of work done upon so-called Feeding Simffi for Cattle. The samples ^142 in number) in question were collected, tbroagkoat the inspectoral districts of Canada, in December, 1907. The immediate cause of this collection wa.s a request made by Mr. M. Cummin^ Secretary for Agriculture, Nova Scotia, dated August 16, 1907. In your letter of transmission to me, you ask if I am inii poeition to rangeet a -d^ition for Feeding Stuffs. ' I replied as follows : — Referring to L 44789, F. 94334, aa regards the question of Cattle Foodi, I beg to enclose for yonr information a memorandum on the sabject, and would say : — (1) That I do not think the defining of any Standard for GatUe Food to be practicable. (2) The manufacturer must be rei, of the kind inoludwJ above, ooiMutcd until .jaiU recmt ye»r», «»f wheat huxn, short-. raiddlinKH, MummA meal, oil-cdie, Ac, or mixturei of these : sub- »t;kii. Its wliirh III iv clwi«et«riMd m the nonii*! by-pradaoto of milling, oil pmaing. hikI siiniliir indu.strie«. Tim liy pKHlucts naiiiol were oht*iiie.'ihI tipoM . and wliPii a manufactured food was made from such materials it, too, posx. sscd a (airly dt'liuilc value. W itii rt'ccnt iin ri)\ t iiioiilt in milling, and HjHtcially since the extensive manufac line (if Ceri'al liirakt ist I'oods, thin' have reMulteii imineOM quant iti<« of by-productit unknown 'i. t'ure, anil u jint; ext n iiiely in their value as nutrients. The expansion i». Th.«e ia*» reqnire that eunc-nt.atfd fe.HJin« HtutVs off. wl for lal- ihall be r^e- t«r«l. and their value in protein »nd fat. .li.tinctly »ute.l upor, thepaokage. Moet of tl»e lawi in qoeetion, exempt from lioen»e the foUow « cUwie* of foedt :— 1. Hay and ttraw. . , ■ t 2. Whole »ped« or unmix.Kl meals .n,ul. lii.ctly fn.in -I nlin- ;,'rauM of wheat, rye, barl.-y, oatn, Iii.lmn corn. i.uckwIitMl :itwl i....mc..rn. 3. Wheat bran and wb.-at middling* r t mixed with otlu-r »ul«tance«, 4. Wheat l.ran and wheat middlinge mixed together, but not mixed with other Hubetancea. 5. Pure grains ground together, unmixed with other tubaUnoe*. The Kentucky law (1906)exompU nothing from legal regintnition and intpectioo, except hay and atraw. This .eema to me the more raiional mo |M«t -P"" all other fee.ls being identified by r, .tio,. .umbers, and offered for sale under a guaranteed value in protein, fat and vdra, Of , ourse it would remain open to any miller who pr«fem-.l doing so, t.. r- r a ml ^ra^le of bran shorts or chop- feed, and to guarantee for it a minin.iim m ,.u ■ 'ter : but th-. terms bran, shorty Ac, should themselves be 80 deflneu »ix ^ . inuuua. value for material sold under these 1,1111 6 Bntn (mm* Tnliln 1 1 ). Thiit wm ■ ba • pnxJuei of th« milling of o«(a, barlojr, rj* or whrar, >Mii uoimlly thn litxt naiiiwi .'•in. It ditfen from ttraw inthnt tbo ianor rarfne* of th« br»n dake« it uumIo up of Um natrltioa* injror ^ tho gnUn, whioh i» rieb in protein nnd fnt Tho foiiowiBg dftU BMjr bo eitad tor bma Winter Wlwae I irnii < 'Miiiifi lii iii, iliOIV Lii|J*l Suti Ur I. v.. nil i .liim, ir »7. Ki'iiiiick,. 19II7 lafaMKi Rovmm Biill»tiB N<>. ItH, IWM No. J.V». IflON T>iH alx>v)- fluuri'K iiiiliu.a<> Citniuiinii liran as iiliglitly lower thnn legnl bran in auolt o( till' Uiiitol .Siiii.'s as have iixi-d a sUtuUrd for the article. On the other hand, it is to b« remembered that tho namplex of t -ap analysed in thia labmvtory have boen lold ainply aa bran, not neceaaarily derived fium wheat. Middling! or Shrn-ti (■«« Tablea III and IV). I am unable to diatinguiah between these terma, whioh appear to be yiWMywnM. Middlingi would aeem to b« hi> coanter mateiial, nifted uut from the produot* of a aeoond trwtnwBt of the wheat by cruiihing the coarsely ground material that is aifted out from the bran after the first grinding. If thia lie correct, middling* should contain leas fibre and more protein and carbohy- drates than bran. Hanpka. Protvia. Fat. ribl«. |>.0. P-* ^c. » 1ft W 4 i« U (M 4 70 10 -.4 H 4 mi II :*i lA OU 4 (Ml 1? M 4T 1-47 11 11 27 14 74 • 4H tt OB The following data are availabia regarding niddlinga or shorts :^ Middting*— Winter Wh<«t, Connrctiait, liWfl. Sprin* .. „ .... I,.|fa; Stanchiril. N.>rth Curulina, 1907 K.'iitiickv. VM*! .Short- IiiIhdiI Revenue Uunetiu Nu. llii, laoB. .. Mi(Mlii)^ — I. ti It «hort» „ „ No. 18»., 1808!.; MiddlingH— n „ „ ... p.c n.C. 1..C. 4 16 4, 1 ra S IKI Hi 7/ 4 HI fl 03 1.-. n.i 4 in. ti (10 I.) 1 25 6 90 16 12 8 87 3 1 13 BO 2 72 8 3S 29 : 16 44 4 23 7 » 7 18 08 »'0B 9 SO Choji, Chop-feed, MonUe, Prov«nd«r, £e. — Feed mM under the above namea is usually so finely ground that the oomponentii are not diotingaishable by the eye, and for this reason such feed lends itself to very ready adulteration with chaff, oom-cofae, and other matter of littlr value. Typically, I undnrHtand that chop feed is intended to be wliole grain, more or leas finely ground. The grain used may be oata, wheat, dtc., or mixtures of these. It is in its nature of so various character that it is manifestly unfair to the purchaser to offw it without a guarantee ot its feeding value. For thia reason iv would probaUr be impracticable to attempt to fix a legal limit at value for chq>-feeds, as such. Home .1.1'. of thp «if(ii varmtioiiH I'sixiiiiK in chop-f«>V.¥A) m.WS. SottTM o( Bamiilw. i g- I'KUTXIN. KaT. J "S ! j Nhxiumm Mininiiim. Avmgr. iMaximum MiDimum. AwMffe. PeomylvMiia, lUOO-lWn New f^.BRUnd. \m-\mt New York, 1818-1880 p.c. l>.l'. H M OO 42 AO am M«0 1 40 30 14 M-W 41 88 |1.C. |i.C. 44 4» 13 lb 45 40 17 00 45 64 U 16 1 p.c. H 77 60 7 66 I>.c. 10 10 11 W 10 8t LIXSKEl) MKAr>.S. " iXd Prorol " ileal. ! IVnntylvanii^ 1000-01 New York. 1888- «• i 2-t 35 .,| 14 37 «l S!)'W 38-19 2il ti'J 31 80 38 89 84 10 85- 70 86- 74 H 9 80 8 H6 8 64 i 2 70 ! 673 6-04 T » 7 It •' gtw PnetM" Meal. Pennsvlvania, IflOO-Ol N.-W RnKl»n.l, IH9H-99 Nuw York, l»98-tf9 3 SI 5 84 tn 42 ii) 87-51) 31 00 39 6U 35 19 34 26 88 30 86 14 2 t»2 3 60 4 79 3 19 1 80 3 91 2 63 f'40 8-87 In Table VI, of thii report, are giv, n the raanlt* of analyauof STaamploaof linseed meal or oil-cake meal. The cotitenn vary aa foUowa : — Proteidn — Maximum 39-19 Minimum 19*69 Averat;e ... 31*2S Pat — Maximum Minimum .... Average ^'89 Carlx)hydrate« Maximum 'i'So Minimum ■ • 26-99 Average 42-17 8 It will be noted tlmt *rliile there is little difference between the protein content of OKI ami New process meals, the oil content is much lower in new process meal. On account of this fact, and the considerable variation between maximum and minimum values, it is evident that the only just way of putting such feeds on the market is that of guaranty. I reoognize the importance of stating the food value of these articles in as simple terms as possible. For this reason it would be unwise to introduce discrimination between the varying nutritive values of starch, sugar, pentosans, and other substances which I have grouped under the general term carbohydrates. That such differences of value exist there can be no doubt ; but not only are they ccHnparatively slight, but they are very imperfectly known. Fats are usually taken as having 2^ times the feeding value of starch. This valuation is based on their heat producing (Calorific) equivalent; aad is probably not far from the truth, under normal digestive conditions. If we could place a relative feeding value upon proteids it would tlien be possible to obtain a single expression for the relative values of feeds. The advantage of having such a simple expression of value is self-evident. Nor is the attempt to use such an expression of value now made for the first time. Both in Germany and in the United States (See Bull. 106, Wisconsin Agr. Exp, Station) efforts have been made to devise a way of stating, in a single terra, the values of stock-foods. Proteids, fats and starches have been relatively valued in the ratio .3:2:1; and many refinemento have been attempted, these being based upon considerations of digestibility. I am inclined to think that the above ratio gives too low a value to proteids ; and am further convinced that, in the present state of our knowledge regarding the digesti- bility and consequent nutritive value of the various proteids and carbohydrates, it is unwise and even misleading to attempt to give great refinement to any simple expression of relative value. CerUinly the attempt to make such a value coincide with the trade values of these articles, is to ignore the varying conditions of production and demand. It is easily conceivable that on one farm a given feed may be of greater importance than on another, in the same way that a fertilizer of given composition may have a high value for a particular soil, and a lower value for a soil of a different character. For the purpoMs of this report I have used the following relative values :— Carbohydrates (Starch, Sugar, Pentosans, &e,) .... Per unit Fats ■ ■ ' 2 Proteids ^ So far as I am able to get information on the subject, these numbers indicate fairly well, the values of the substances named. The numbers must be considered as subject to revision, and to change, on sufficient grounds. In a general way they may be considered as furnishing a helpful guidance in com- paring individual samples with each other. The following stetement gives, at a glance, the extreme and mean values of these feeds, in terms of the relative value, r . . ■ ^ j Bran Talil- II . .. Shorts— Talili- III. Middlinifs-Talilc IV. Ciioji Kt*ES 6 6 *t t e si * ^1 -1 J = j i i 5 ^ ; X • • • u . s . el £ lit tJ IF 1 • ' ' lb 1 S : C s* > ^ ' 1 •■ 04 04 « 94 M 94 M C4 M 94 c3 5 1 3 g i n B S ^ g i ^ i i ^ I s 5- , I 1 i g a. PQ O 4 3 O 08 ca aa ce saaassaass I ® 8 ' s t 3 { s i 1- « z M •n n n ¥ '3? Ok X M r. n 9« S 8 SI X * s i 6^ w ■3 to a: I" -a c s _pa — CO 23 Tablb V— concentrated COMMERCIAL FEEDING STUFF8. CHOP FEKU (MOULEE). Me*Di> * For explanation of the relative value see 8. 2S Table VII— CONCENTRATED COMMERCfAL FEEDING STUFFS. MI8CKLLANEOUS. i ' Name. 'A p. f. p. p. c. p. C. ' p. c. p. c. 26844 Bird Seed ' 263451 I . . . . 2ii34^' L'7'.hk; Victor Brand i', so 30440 liibby's fi-a)! 33362J 62o! 30459 Twin City T 6o| ;m7'.iMolao '[ :,■■>:. au.s:! 7 •>„ I i 3336T'C»lf Me«l ^ 7 (U 35018 Xational Stock Food I 6 80 ■27'M\ Sa.vim 6 ti."j: MUT Hi/rbagt uni " SO »n06j 67o| 27902 „ 751 j Whole m ill, imt aiialyzul. 3 40 ."1 .VJ p." ;i2 CiS S-- 5 14 25 'i 1<« 5 04 fiS DT 5 *6 14 2.')^ " (W 7 in ."1:1 sr> 7 82 18 0!»' 141 3 44; 01 74 i 5 1.-, 23 7 4f 1 (U'Sh: 20 <| 44 3 ir2H| 02 02 4 5X 0,125 2 21 4 60i 54 82 32 11 81 3 04 9 60 11 70 1, 00 9 fi3j 13 00| 44-»fi Ifi 50 23 (10 •"' **2i .S I,-. 3S !«) 15 2G 22 31 22; 7 80 41 71 13'30 22-50 41! 6 78! 44 20 1(>5 Comport- with Table V. Se I also Xiw. 27121 and 2846 of Bulletin 116. 132 1 C .n 1 1 Mre with Table V. S*e ;il»" No. 28469 of Bulletin 131 j 110. 137 Compare v.ith Table V. l-*-< )\- , , • > •■I V iir»'(|iKil valuea in 107 J tliefe two sauiples. 104 02-43! 116 12U 144 143 14: 25671 Carnafac . . 30453Hew. ,. ' IH); 0-20; 17 60I 6 38 . ... 25 32 84: 1004 52-70i 7 2(! 7 ( 30464 Pratt'*. 6 00 4 47! 8 60 3;ilt. Cipnt.iiiw 10 I,") iK-r cent conininn ."alt. "Otaiiis 10 W per cent of common salt. Is rather a condition ixjw ler than a repilar feed. Other " Her- binfeiini " priHliicts arc Xos. 2113(1, :>17,st<,-.'!i2iil i.f Hull.- tin 110 ami ■J,-