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Mapa, plataa. charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratioa. Thoae too large to be entirely included in one expoaure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand comer, left to right and top to bonom. aa marty framea aa required. The following diagrama illuatrata tha method: Laa canea. planchea. tableaux, ate, pauvttnt *tre flimte i dea taux de rMuction diffirsnts. Lorsque le document est t?op grand pour itra reproduit en un seul cliche, il est filmA i partir da Tangle sup^rie^^r gauche, de gauche i droite. et de haut en baa. en prenant le nombre d'Imagea n^easaire. Laa diagrammes suivants iiluatrant la m^thoda. irrata to pelure. n a □ 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 ON THE FOOT-PRINT ^S OCCURRING IN THE POTSDAM SANDSTONE OF CANADA. BV W. E. LOGAN. E,,., p.G.S. V /or August 1852, Vot. VIII.j ••• • .* • . • • • .*• • •« • • •• • •y » • vt*** •••• t • • • • • • • t • • I , i • • • • • • • • •• • •••• ••*• 1. On the Foot-prints occurring in the Potsham <5.., Canada. By W. E.^ooXE^q F G S ''°~^ "-^ [Plates VI. to VIII ] stone of Lower (East) Canada* f^^ ^ } '" ^^^ ^"^'^^^^ ^and- Silurian rocks, faSr investtatbn h ""'' '^''^^'' ""^ '^' ^^^^^r cial Survey and inyself h^e bC^^ tl^e Provin- of similar Ws in the Z% rock? and ^'^ ' r^'.^^ble nur.ber my own mind of the a?e of X VrT\f • "^^ quite convinced in these impressions has induced 4 to ^^^l^P^^^f"^? attached to on the point, in order that otW L i? '^ for additional evidence that no'mist'ake hadltl^a&lliTo?"'^ '''^^^^' resl^g"u'nS?m\bToVlr^^^^^^^^^^ ^" -dstone formation, stratified limestone. Id oXyW 7 n' ''"'' ?^.S"^^^^ ^"'^ ^^t^^' distance on the north side of Te i T «"" '*"P ^* ^ ^•^"'^ble the valley of this river to that of%t' }T''''''11 '^'P^ ^°"°d from obtuse aigle and ocZll^ tit^rZ^ tJ'^'l 'r^°^.«" rock, proceeding from Keesville in mI^ v i f^"'^'^ v^hat a similar of Lake Champlain to diat of th" ? \^j\' *"''°' ^'•°'" ^^^ Galley at the bend a^harper anl t n^W J' ^'^'"''^' ""^' ^«™i»8 tov. ards the previously men&d b^endTn a 1 ""' /''"^^ Beauha.-noi! pierced near the extremity ^M^'ci:^:X'^^^^^^ * Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. vii.p. 247 et,e,. ^ I 200 PROCEEDINGS Or THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Mar. 24 to thirty „,i,es froSf £ ^t:^^^^ "Sfj' "" '^''^^-^ ?[«- mond and Alexandria on that rivor rv ''.^^\^^' ^'^^''•i'''^''' to Ilam- viUe, it was last sun^Cr fol owd in rZ 1 ^' '" ''7 ''''' ^° ^'''^■ andBathnrst Distric ^in a torn "'^'' ^^'''^S'* *'>' Johnstown and Nepean on the Ottra ." l"' "T"' • " '^■'^ ?^^"^^'I'« '^'^^'^'^^ once, below Byto^,tre,rdin,7A"" 'r "'''''[' ^^ ^'''' '''^ «8«i" Rivitre du NoriiSeS.,?!'"^ ^T"^"'''^ "» 'he it may thus be cons dS f.^r 1^'' ^ shaped .area, the Smnrfn l -T . ^^' P^'"'»'^ter of a peninsula- Call-aire and Ilti re du nI") f h ^".'T''' '}'' ^^'^^^"''^^ ^' Mont whole of this peninsular s^ace'th ". '" '^'^'' ''''^'' ^'«""d the metamorphic mcks and ?fT. ,n t\T '''^.' "J'«" ^^'' Sneissoid careo.areLccort\ bearing Kf ^v"'i "^'"'^•- ^°"^ «f ««1- ciferous Sand-rockSctTi'ew ^^^^^^ wSnt^'™;?" ^^^- geographical arran^eS^^^^ '"^'^f ^' ^^^^^ ^^"''^ntnc the dips, leaves litUe doubt tb«f ?f ' '''" ''^'*^""* *^^ ^^'^ence of on thi sandstone Where fbP V ""''"' "'"S""^'' formations rest generalconfirmation^^S - butlev-^ '^"' ^"^ * and strata over large aim^hsZ\T^ f .u""^ *^^ '"°'* P^^t small, being quite flat, l?^e east sfde of t^ « '''^ '^' '^' «PP^«^««^« «^ stone i bounded by tPmfsU'e: " „^rf t^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ''^ -"^- ix/hitrrtd^:^i^^^^^^^^^ grained, hard, white saSonelrr.v.' *^' *°P ^* becomes a fine- with calcareous WrTforS;? ^' !"T^* ^* ^« interstratified it. In this part iHs abunXndv T't^^ *° '^' '''^ ^^^^'^ «^^r««« by what theVoW sts of New Y^ 1 1^ over considerable surfaces which consistrwher * the roci I .7' ^f ^d^^^^«^*"^>'"'* ^"^^«m, cylindrical holes, of about L '1A' J ^^V^*^' ^f ^^"-^'S^^*' ^^^tical, FucoW, of he ,.0 k ttTv «!*Sf '^ '"'''* tl-™' ™.o„g the In o„e or two instate ^l^'^^^^'J^rthTTw^jV''""""''"''^ rupted in their upward cour JL , m • , ?'" "''"■' "'''' ""«■■- which descends into tliem »n. ., *'" ''''J""' '""'I. "fa portion or.ho tnhes, the, stro^^rrri; Z^^ZZ^7t I«.'52.J LOGAN— POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-PRINTS. 201 sandstono throughout the Canadian portions of its distrihnfin., „i i mentioned ; and it is stated by Mr Ilall mt tho „1 ^'""^^' of S & r;:: tsst Zzrt^^z? '^'''f- presents a reticulated nrranKememTsiomHL ,,•'''"''"*'' °*^'^" over son,e of the surfaces, thc^Zspaces ofThf nett^oJa^^^^^^^^ five- and s.x-sided. and sometimes, when largest r^els, nnr a^- T"' in diameter; while the rid-es wh pi/ 1 1 ,i !f "? ^ '^ "''^^•'s half wide, a^d stand out ha7f an tchn re^^J "'If '"^'V'"^ * The compartments are someLes fifed wiTl/IlZ ^tTT^T" ridges, a good deal resembling ciack-cS Wht hi ; b .*^' '^^ were not similar forms occLoSv L„b1e o^n ^ closely joined surfaces of sandstone Where 1 shale i£Z^ "^^'5 were not smooth surfaces of armnoJZ, • r ^"**^'^^«"<'s, and succeeding formation rtwihTrS?^ XT K"/™'''""" '" '^' jOO ,„ds from th\ „™.f oS^st S^'cS™';^; ,"^' "'""I Pucmd, are seen in beds . few feet abov?3 . CL K '''''V"'' havmg the foot-prints, md 7 feet belo»one of thi, S W " l*"?" ««, r oeeaS'J^™ ™rof°a*' f" '°""/'"' *= ""'1" ""^ on^aeh * bLds the m^re Xl\1„^Str '""'-^ marked by loltMa LfZ M I"^ discovered), the sandstone, and is veo ;.„Ivl,°'"Th™ ' r^^ fo' about a mile f •i02 PROCKKD.NaS or the OKOLOCnCAL SOCIETY. [M«r. 24 Hall, and a new si.ecies The' S„ ^^«'^'«7«.-^- '««^«/.>m of intervals, they continTe so for «£ •"''' T'^^ ^^' ' «"''• «^'«" «t Chateauguay River n the fir«ttw..ll' ?"'?• *," ^^^ ^"^«« «» ^he cics oflarLmarrnetS/h r f* wh.ch the same two sj.e- logicalcJmraeterof tL rock vii ;S!? "TT'''' "'"'« ^'>« 'i^''"" near the bridge displL7'/.Z/«i i / " ' ^Y' ^» <'^P"«»'-« -de. the genera S^:::ZPa, S^^r'n ^^''f '^ 7^' b- of Encrinurua. Beyond this thrmln t f " unfigured species Lonis Rapids, and, cro si„o^ ho Sf T ''^'' ^^'^''''' ^^'^"^ ^he St. the shore of the ll^d of Mont J^.^^^^^^^^^ ^^ ^--^^^l «'^ ^g hartrc^anTtTeti^^^^^ for a distance'of Lree SuTth: St T:' '''''' '^^^'^ ^"*^™-'- interstratified with calcareo.arLa.l.!^^^ '^^^^^^^ three miles farther sanSroTpT ^li^^^^^^^ ^""^ "* ^*- Timothy. with, and Rap^^;ZZ^ZCclf^''\^'f*^'''' ^'' «till mi four and five miles fartherTn^h^ f'.S' ®'"'''""'^- ^°'' between drift, until reaching Grande iewVr *'"'.''''"'" "''^ ^«»«^»l«d by beds, resting horizontally on ot^^^ containing la^Ae.^o«»« (Cspec es^^^TX. ''' r '^'^T''' ""'^ head (western end) of the BeauLrnni-V ""^^''^d ; and at the besides BapkisJaV^l fsTphZ^^^i to P S"" ''"^^^ "Pj /W«. ,.,«. (the latter belonging^£ ^h^' jf ^S^. -d JVp/trtSSL^^^^^^^^ ,«;/f "!-.. July 6, 1852. it is bridge on the Chateauguay River and thfsf i • d"*°1 l"neston«^s between the about a rnile east of th! posS^of Caighnawar' \tt? '5°"','* "' ^^'"°^«'^ '« correct the map, this emendation is here refeS' to M^i*°° '^*'; ''°^«^«'-. *» with regard to the Island of Montreal and thl^l"*, **'^' ^°8^*" ^»° observes, Nord where the colour is made to dk oS Si h.""' '"'^''"'"^ °^ *•»« ^^^^^-e du rented part of the countrv whirh ?. in « ' • • • ^® '* ""^ examining the unreore that the'chazy limSe^e:mt e ,f ^^^^^^^^ the Map , thus displayinir verv distiZlvTh; . *''^/^°nfeal Mountain (green on under the Utica SlSterof^I%S iSse ^^^^^^ ' *'' deepe^sfpart 'iS H^ £fiSSc^ - --^^^ Of the White Horse ^^^^^^ ,-d he designated TY. [Mar. 24, e more massive '^. matutina of ; and, seen at bridge on the same two siie- t'liilc the litho- An exposure lall (a Trenton »cr east, and in occur Atnjpa at St. Louis e Trenton for- this stria tut a, decadactyhis, 'his gigas, be- igured sj)ocies below the St. traced aK ng »g Triarthrus of the Beau- intermission re it becomes 3t. Timothj, arc still met For between :oncealed by od limestone aracter, and 'phalus, and and at the s farther up, ningice, and tone). All 6, 1852, it is 1 between the 5 removed to , however, to Iso observes, le Riviere du the unrepre- and he .Inds in (green on jpescpart is ^Tiite Horse ! designated gly spelt on 1852.J 5 -s )TSt)AM SANDSTONE FOOT-PRINTS. ■ItUOf 0|II », 203 a J3 OS I i •S » i ^ "i ^ S5 1 e9 '^ o ■k* OS «0 W) «0 s %> ^ 4) "S •«:! 3 o '^ s .o >C ;j %> 5Q 1 1 c-i ■ ,^ ^ •fino7 -js 03(87 ••PIIHISJ aAJJASUao IS |>3q-!(3BiJ, 'iinoq 'jg ajjBi •WJjaj a|si cuf- •I'lci -Js a5|B7 JO ijmojy '(wq-jjaujj •sinoi -JS -n i vi ■« es ■C 9 204 .1 I'llOCKnniNOS OF THR r.EOT.OfiirAl HociKTY. [Mnr. 2I, A.u.fluT „r t|„. track ,.r/ ■•••''''.'''*' • M.u.u.,ti.M.*. fitfoni M.il... (r„„. the IrK-alitv l,rr. ..'".'^ '''''''"''''*• '''•''"» Canal. JJoth ofth.... I. J iV ," o I . '''' '" ''T """"''"r""i« «to„e botw...... Hoauluroi Id M^. /';,';:''•'••'••'''« \""K"<' '"" Hand- former paper. T.. fl„. wcstw ml ,. ' "''"""'X "« «i''«'rilHHl i„ „.. eountr/ i.s' so covered wS til tc^tt^ ''T ''"'"«""' ^''' iniinediately froui the bed l„.s 1, // ^'^^'"''"'"'^^ ^ beyo,KUt4,nilesJ^v h\ ' ' ""•'"'•'•''' '" that .lireotinn lake Hi.le of the tr u-ks^a 1 a h J ?' ""'1 ""'' ^'^'' ' ''"' <"' t''^' rod sandstone oecurs ' ''"^"'"■'' ''•'"*'"t'' '•"•'". « bo.l of Inland of Montreal. iC , ot l ll«L sev'' " ''T "'.''"''' •■'"' "*' ^''^ harno-. village exposures and w 1. • '" "" '" *■•""' ^''^ "'•««- antielinal axLs. /f „ £ be Jloi om' " ?' "" "''' «''^*' "♦' <'«« from the Canal track-bed to that Js r ' '"'-^ "/T"'' *''^" «"t''^'"'«> to the White Jlorse Jlap Is hctweon" C"7rV'''"'.'^' "'"' P'"'«»^'J Jesus, a little below Isk" Cnnf ! ^,'''""^*' "* ^^''^trnd and beneath the Ca al trtkt I abon?T'*T''''''''':^ ^"•'''' ^'"•"^' *><>"» («ee fig. 2, & Sectior2 of the M p " rU^^T '" ^''^' ^'- ^-"» sandstones and eonglon.erates of tr«oP t' '"''.'"f ''"*"'' ''^' *'"' c ose by. of which th^.y wo d be in U e strL V 7^ ^""""•'].* ^"'""^ of these coarser strata can be made on „f M ^J'!"-'*'«'«8 of (i:, feet probably as much below the tra "ktd Vhe t t ^ "" r' "'"' *''•'>' «••« Isle Perrot, which is all underbid h.tJ ^rY"*'''-'"''' ^""''' '•''"■''s the track-bed of St. GtL"vS^e Wa fl ''"^ r"*^^'""^. ""^ "" reaching of Perrot, we again find te rock nlkrd l' 'l''', "'; '^'' ""^t'" «"'« it is in -mes^otscompleerL'^^^^^^^^^^^ with which whde it is also interstratifieil w tlV S ' , *'**-' ''''1'^'' "f .'Ucet, St, Ann's Point may be comil: d\- ' " 3!'«/. ?'-i-'>"« bands! ments of the same strew th shoraboveT^""^ northwards, we find immediatel/rhind IL •n'^""' . ^'^oceeding the outcrop of the Calciferoi/sSand Sl^c^^^h^ V\ ^""'^ and m a quarry to which resort has been S If l' Tr* '"''^■''"^'' ' meet w,th a Mnrchisonia, like 1/ U^L butl ""' P'e^-.rotomaria, like P. mhconira uT^' ^"* '" ^he whorls, a ^««« (Jones, MS.), andtXS. ' Se rtf'' ^f - halfamile,ai?ffjoA2«^o,«aoccursin cnln„r«« *''^ "'""''' "^^o^t with thin geodes of calcir ar^ir. fi '■'"''''^"" ^"^^' ^bich on. We then, in a low e carnment c^ '" ''''""^ '''"''*'-'« ^"^ther almost entirely of ^^,.r/Xn,n' • ^ "^'"" '^ ''"'^'^ composed i8.)2.] LOfUN— POTSDAM HANDHTONK FOOT-PRINTfl. 305 'I^r 'i'r ''"'c-hurning, and it has boon much quarried at the village wi •; 7;'"''"''^,^' J".'*^ "PpoMito the inid-lniKth of Isle Hizard. The White Ilcjrsc Ilapids are situated about three miles to the east, and here, on both sides of the Ilivi^re ch's I»rniri,.M (a branch of tlie Ottawa) blac k limestone-bods, lying in the form of a shallow trough, and '.".'.'!.".".".'.'.'." ' Belleropbon bilobatus """' " Oncoceras constrictiim !!!...!'.. Cyrtolites trentonensis ."...,.. " ornatus .."....!.! " Calyraene senaria; plentiful .....,.'.....'... " Isotelus gigas • OrthoSs^^' ^*""''^"'''-^' ^'^P^'^'es'i'inch^ Serpulites, allied to S. dispar (Salter). Conularia. Encrinurus, the same as at White Horse Rapids. JFAite Horse Rapids. Favosites (Chretetes) lycoperdon Tr«nf^ Stictopora acuta...... .....!. Irenton. 2»« ->''^— ■''O.o,.r„.„.„,„„,e„^„„, ^.tar.n. Leptrena sericea ; plentiful ... «loltoi(iea; vory abundant Trenton. ■ altcrnata Orthis (testu(linaria) striatuVa".'." '>'"" .. peplmclla „ Itolln nigosa?.., , rr: '''sj'aril's '.'.''.Z'''''Z '••• • tchino-encrinitcs anatiformis ; plentifni Gl.yptocrinns (icoadactvlus ' J^alymene senaria .....'. , isotclus gigas „ Atrypa |)I(!na ....'.'..... Encrinnru^ with pnnctnVVcVrlVpcks' ^''a'/- X:i;rAn:::„';r,zr "~™" "• •"•■ •• ■>«» AiJU8 in Fencstclla, Lingula. Hcllerophon, Orthorrras. sandstone ag.i. ;rops out "^7^,.' h f W S w"''l'^"'"^'^ "^'^"- ^'- Fig. 3.—Sectw)i across flip JUrihc dn No,;J ;» // o • Distance ahout 5 miles. I fied limostonc. ; then the sandstZ , t ^' •'"' "'"^ ''' i"ter«tr«ti- between whicli and the gneiss there sal/ n''^ "' ^''^'j^'^'*' breadtli from one qnartc? tc ha T„ l' ^ ^'^J ^f^y^ ^"Oi-g iu IS course. The sandstone has bee tmeS M ' ^'"' "'""' ^^'"^^ tively to the eastward, and is know far hoJ T'''\ ''''}'' '^^^"«^^"- verse section was measured the "ZkhnH^""'' ' ""'^ 7^'''' '^ ^'*«»s- esearpment at a h.eight of probaWv , 00 ^^ 7nn7 "* ^^'' ^°P «f *''« South of the out4 of t,rtSb?d! isr;;!^ r rt i8r)2. 1 I-OnAN — POTSDAM SANDSTdNK TOOT- I'll I NTH. 207 surface, ftuntlior cscjirpnioiit, risos to lli,. height of 70 (vvt. Tlio white sandstone, perforated with Sr„/i//,„s, is seen at (he hase, inierstratilie.I AvKh ealeareo-arenaeeons heds for ahont 25 feet no, and these ealcareo- aivnaceons heds lu.hlin^ gcodes of cah-.spar, compose the remainder of the rise. Ahout m) yards further, after a very gentle slop ' there ,s a smaller step, composed of (h« same description of cal ea' reons sandstones, and from this a level surface, of ahont a ,,narter ot n inile hroa.l, m which similar strata are seen once, reaches a small rise ot .» leet, comjiosed of an arenaeeons limestone, which is .niarried ^)r hnrnn.g In the .piarry occurs 0,,m-f„ hvafa of Vannxein (a Calc.lerons haiul-rock speci.-s) and Uap/n.Uma (tl„. same as that of ht. vVnn s section) ; and the general dip in the section is such as to 'Zf "llnT'I f" •'"",'",/'"; .P''"^'' "<■ tl'^ fack-hed, which would ho auout !(»() teet heneath the limestone. Farti.er south this line is covered np hy snndv drift f„r several m les, but, If we go ahont ti ve or six miles to the west ward, and again 8ta t ng Iron, tJ.e gneiss, take a cm.rse at right angles to the strike (Section .1 ot the Maf,), three an,! a half miles will hring ns to a two' feet bed ,.f goo.l hmestone. This rock, from its having hoei. quarried for linie-bnrinng in several places, has been followed from Carrillor, to Grcin. He (thirteen miles). The dip of the limestone from its o utl crop to the river two miles) is about /.'i feet in a mile. That it overlies the beds of the piwions section is not considered uncertain from tl.c paucity of exposures, however, between it anil the gneiss,' and the increased dip near the gneiss, it is not easy to .Ictermine its relative position It may be at least l.'iO feet higher ; for there are ZlvVmT r' f'' T'r^^^ ^■^'•"^^'•^ ^"'^'^""^ "'• '^^ Ottawa ve V nea ly 10 feet o underlying calcareous daystone, weathering more or less yellow or brown, and in son... parts bituminons and in others arenaceous, and often presenting in the latter case geodes of calc-sp, r m.d heavy-spar; and none of these be.Is appear in the Rivi^re du Nord section. Immediately beneath the 2-fl.ct limestone the le s a singular and extensively spread concretionary layer, in some large consisting of concentric layers, cut in half and closely packed to ge her, some of them being 2 to 3 feet in diameter. iLt elne bed ,s fossihferoiis, and displays Muchnra sorduh (a Crife ous Sand-rock species), Ple.rofo,„„Ha noMosal (a Bird's-eye spec S Murcfnsonmfnnnvta, and another species, a.. Atnnm allial to A ex- tan., llap/usfomi Tarho, MoUlola, (hthorcra.Xperma Conl den^^s (Jones, MS.), and linjrichia Lo,„nn^ (Jo.es, MS.) n iin- above the bed there are about .00 feet of sandstone, with baiuls of green shale, holding a vast collection of Fucoi.ls, , f wh cl a I ilo bated species is most conspicuous. Some of the sandstone bc'ls are * Occurring also at IIawkesl)ury. p2 203 HROCEED.NGS O,- THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Mar. 2^ appear to be Lim/idcp At Trp. -ii. i^ fragments of wha most exposed brthfcutuL^^f " ' ^^''^^'^^^^ l>eds have been the Ottawa to iCilton" e irf IwfL"^^ '^'^\'''' ^"""^ to cross mile back from t^r ve^l^^d Llf a S 7^' ''tu"" '"^^"^ ^^'^ « ment presents the base of the ChL T 7°"^ *^''" ^ low escarp. St. Ain's section, allstentfrerof //?"'' /'""^^T^' «^ "^ ^^e also small phospl atic nodn e' -^ f * ^^"^ ^ "'^^ '" ^^'^ ^'^^^^ winch hold LalfZgmem^^^^^^^^ " ""^ «^""^--' « f- of ottVr/ttSm^etrL^^^^^ r^^^ '^•^^-r "p o- the the same stratigraphTcal poS^^^^^ f^^ --W^"^ ing on the gneiss. Great num Pr« i? ^'^"V'''« ^'''^^' !>"* there rest- -y like /. ,..^.STf 'S^^^ aLTf^^^/S^^^^^^^^^^ of a Z%«/« was f?und lyinramL Ve lenT%'".f "'' f f^'^^"^^"* spe« of PW..4 g a pZ^tKt^^f tt iS:- ofTh\^ siderably removed frl^tliflocnHtv I ""'] ^^'■''' ^^'""P' ''"^ con- great abundance, and om of tleT 1/ TP^n-^^""'^"'^^ "^^^^^ i» south side of the St. Lawmt 'seven "1 ^"''"l^,'^^"'^' «" ^he • whence the limestones and samllf • ^"J ^, "^'''' ^''«^ ^''^bec, able to Point Levt opp' ^ tt Sni^nl *^^ '"'''' ''' '''''' ment of a cylindricd t f and^f .^Hk; bonef T^'^'f ' '''^■ sition, that I have had it sliced I2r 1 ?■ " '^'^"^'^^^ compo- structure. This, however s wa^S^ ff h '"^ '' •^^"^'^ ^'^«^ ^ony inquiry, whethe;, 0^6^ i^r^y 1^7^"?" ^"^T^^ *'^^ may have been exerted to nbl fomf! v ^ ™^ 7 ^^y chemical action stroying its form '''*' '*' ""S'"^' ^^^'^^ture without de- thJsS'^;!:iffi^:};:si2t^^'"^^^^-'^^^r.Hunt, four phosphatic specimens tvvoS 2 ^T'^' ^^^f^^nished me, of of these being thfC-Ka^m r'^'^v^? ^'f^^ O""^"^' «"« beds of Ha/kesbur7and the Wb 'f ?/''^.'?, ^'■"'" *^^ ^^^azy By these analyses i" wil be per Sd tl^^2\^^^ '^"''"^"^•^ ?'^'^' 36 to 67 per cent, of phosphate on.W„ *,''' ^^P'""/"'"' ^'^'^ ^••«'" heated, gfve out ammSnl^an intia odot' bf^vf'I' T ^'"«" horn. One of the Grenville nnll.? ''.'^""^bke that of burnt lime, and found to conS i Vrg^^^^^^^^^^ Z"' '" ^.'^P'"^^ °^ odour, but it was not quantitativd/;,^I^sea ^""" '"' '^'' '"™^' 1852.] LOGAN— POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-PRINTS. 209 Examinations ofPhosphatic matters, supposed Bones, and Coprolites, occurring in the Lower Silurian Rocks of Canada. ByT S Hunt Chemist to the Canadian Geological Survey. ' Supposed roprolite from Lac des Allnmettes, in sandstone, with Linyula;,-Votous Lavmg a specific gravity of 2-875. Bv ignition gave out water and an anin.al odour like burnt horn, and the vapours temporarily browned turmeric paper. It dissolved in acids with slight effervescence, leaving a residue of pure granular silica, which was m gramj distinctly visible on fracturing the mass. 100 parts gave on analysis— ^ i'an.a Phosphate of lime (P05, 3CaO). . 36-38 Carbonate of lime 5.00 Magnesia . . 1 , , Oxide of iron /''y^"«« 7-02 Insoluble siliceous grains 49-90 Volatile j .nn 100-00 Another fragment gave 42-54 of siliceous matter. The brown matter replacing or filling the Unguis in the bed was found to be phosphate jnrh a httle carbonate of lime and animal matter, with silfceous pa': No. 2. Coprolite from Chazy limestone, Hawkesbury.— Yellowish baSr- fiU ^.'T*''^''^ ^?' ' ^'"'^ '^^P*'^ by ^ blackis/matte (pro- bably infiltrated oxide of iron). The powder when heated in a tube S ll 1 nn" ""? ^""""'^ ^' *^ P'^^*^^^ ^hite fumes with acetic acia. luu parts gave — Phosphate of lime 44'70 Carbonate of lime q-qq Carbonate of magnesia 4-76 Oxide of iron ^.qq Insoluble siliceous matter .... 27-90 Volatile matter (water in part) 5-00 97-66 No. 3. Fragment of supposed cylindrical bone from Riviere Ouelle. ^r!v,r' If}, brown and compact. Within it was filled with SI f T^ 7 ^*^' ^"ib^lding sandstone), which was not entirely followsf- "'' '"^^'''- ^'' """'^^^^ save, for 100 parts, as Phosphate of lime 67-53 Magnesia } ''^ carbonates and fluorids | ^'^f Oxide of iron 2-95 Insoluble (in part, the adherent matrix) 21-10 Volatile g-lS 97-82 ti 210 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Mar 24 glass, mcIioati^B aXorid Jt ' „, r'P''r r"* "■""P""" ™rroded bone fr„™ .he sa.e S;"! '"oo"';ann?itta::i*°" *' '■°"°'' Phosphate of lime.. Carbonate of hme and some fluorid . .' I'u Carbonate of magnesia . . J '^ J^lSlSeottr *-'"' - ""™^- i?' Volatile ... 2.t44 2-13 the ,„bsta„ce whe^re »c."iitTce^!:;ttretltr ''°^'''°" °' Murray, in exaiinhig the roek ol Ihlh M r""^ "'IT"!'' *•■•• oorfor^blj rest, in tL Johnsto™ District t et „Tth ^u"T """ glomerates interstralificd wifli lm.J» """'f ' ."?' ™tn altered con- highly crystalline ToSS tS^^^^S^'Slt^^ '"" '''' associated with the quartz-nebbles of tb. i !1 ^^ S"'*''' «"d nodules containing phosnLTe o^^^^^^ the conglomerate are soft white limestone, separatfnf S Isl nf • ° *^' ^'"^f '^ ^^' crystalline of phospLte^Se are Tt/rv /""''' '"^^''^''^ crystallizations usu^ally Lall, hu I .^me pa ts^h v Cf 'T'''''^ ^^^^^ ^''^ dissen'inated as to give thfrock an p. •'''^','"'^ ^° ^^^'^'^^y Huron the Lower SUurian group rSsnToT '' f " ^" ^^^« ceous series with only one fnoX 1^^ Tf l !"^"^ "P°" ^ «>"" feet thick, with leaves of cLrtTTl 1 ^^ ''/"estone, of about 150 covered fossils. S series snlnr/?"f' Y.^' ^'' ""''^'^^ dis- It comprehends thf coTpetbeaS r^^^^ be of the Cambrian epoch. its igneous interstrS^masseshl a tbt '^"' ^^'T' ""^ ^^^^ feet. The gneissoid Tnnn nf !■!.• if ^^icknes.- of at least 10,000 still older th?n tZ ^Its ^^ndittnsnn"''"''"" ^^ '^''^'' '« P^^'^^^ly able to suppose that it con.i ts of T^'"' '' f " *" """^^ ^^ ^^«««»- state, and the origin of the phosnhLrn?^! ^'^T' ^" ^" "^^^^^^ of its members, with reference fn„ n ''' ^"^ '""^'^^'^ i" »«me -ch ancient s.r'ata, ttr^XHrgtatr^S^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^'^ the'tSedTi L'TortSf ! f «Jr phical relations of aubmitting to .^mpetent^llSJlt,^- :i-^ t^^^ ■e represented 1852.] LOGAN— POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-PRINTS. 211 convenient to illustrate the nature of the animal or animals by which the foot-pnnts were impressed, I have brought over and tempomrilv ?2"fft;"in tn^^rr ^'v''. ?r*^ *H°"g^"^^ ^^^^ of sStoni^ were taken N? 7'„f p'^J n'^ the casts of ast year's communication were taken (iNo. 7 ot Frof. Owen s description) ; a second slab of fb,. ongrnal stone, rom Mr. Henault's field,^meakrinrr?eet N^^^^^^^ Prof. Owen's description ; and a third slab, with two tracks nnd ripple-mark upon It, from the Island of St. G^n^viC These Tre accompanied by about 100 slabs of plaster-casts, taken from vTriois tracks as they are naturally exposed in the field Adding onltmck another they measure about 350 feet. Two of the c^ts are from racks immediately near the one first discovered, andTne of them shows the groove running out of the centre (No 4 of Prof OwS description). The remainder are from Henault's fidd. In it Si areas are comprehended within a distance of four chains three of which are exhibited in their true relation to one another Tn R Vlf &.4U VV. Ahese tracks are indicated bylines of different colour and are numbered 1 to 7. Their measurements are,- ' I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. in. ft- Jn. 6 long by 5 wide. 3 ., 10 28 6 24 6 8 6 6 3 12 96 5 5 „ (No. 5 of Prof. Owen's description.) " (JJo- i of Prof. Owen's description.) » (No. 6 of Prof. Owen's description.) 9 and 10, measuring ' ™ ^"'^' '"^^'^^ ft. in. 9. 5 4 long, 10. 4 6 .. 9 10 • ft. in. in. 8. 4 6 long by 5| wide. 212 ""'""'"■•'" <" ™' »o.o<=,0A. soc.ETV. [M.r. 24, ft. in. j„_ 3 long by 5 wide 4 6 „ ^1 4 5 H H H 6 H » (No. 2 Of Prof. Owen's description.) (No. 3 of Prof. Owen's description.) surTat;rri^/es'o7^r^^^^^^^^ JuV" '''■ "t "P«" ^ ^pple-.arked and this surface is 2 nchTbelow ?h '"^ '" t' ^^^^^^^^n N. 71° E.. ments are- ^ ^ *^^ ''^"''^^ o""- The measure' 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. ft. in. in. 14 6 long by 6 wide. 3 15 20 8 3 3 4 3 61 7 44 5 .W,„„.e„ of an inch "ifaS" S^JS^elrf"* ft. in. in. 9 6 long by 4^ wide. 3 „ 5^ 3 6 » 5? » .. 5i : 1 18 Of o^hi^rorsures! u:tr:^Art' '^' -^^^^' «^« *^« .surface there is ripple-mark tl < n JnS ^^ '^' '''' ^^ ^^^ ^a^e ;« seen, and by it X tracks a bSt f Th?/" V"??" '' "^^^^ to the edge of the ripple, and aveZltr.o ^ ^ ""^^^^"^ «°"^eup general line of the edge a par Zn\^l ) T'*"^" "P°" ^*- J'^"'" the is marked across hj the ripple C^ to thl: " 'P"' °J ^['^"S'^' ^^^^^ ducing the ripple had reached tLtf ^f' ^^ '^ *^^ '^^"s^ P^o- lettered ^ also^Lws rippL marks L^is'^^^^ "'. ^"^t^T '^^^^ P^^t surface marked c, which rnnT on t? -. 'f ^'' ^'S^^'' than the tl^e ripple-lines on a ' fe| ^f- ^^-^^^while^^^^^^^^^^ J A portion of this track, to the eSent „f S7V\^ P'aster-casts. temporarily placed in the Sodety's mS2 bj Mr. Sga°n" ''' '""'^^°"^ ^'^^' '^ 1862.] LOGAN—POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-PRINTS. 213 part lettered a there is also ripple-mark. It is an inch or two helow b, and the ripple-ridges on it run N. 1 5° E. The interence which I sTL';/": 'T * -"1^"^^ ''' '^'' '^' ripple-ridges riceelg surfaces, only a i^y, inches ahove one another, beinj in different' It rec ions, and the hmit of the producing cause' of thf ripple be ng it dicated in one example it appears probable that the ripple was pro- duced by tide rather than by a current in deep water ftharinVhe same area one part of the surface was dry when the wa;e was act ng close by on another part; and that the direction of the wave wS towards the apex of the triangular space. The fourth area of which no plan is given, is removed a few yards W^. '"i l^ *^'' ll"'''^ ^ '" ^'- ^"^ «"•! °" the casts of thisCr! face It will be seen that there are ten tracks, measuring- ft. in. in. 6 long by ^ wide. 10 (i .. - 8 2 .') 2 5 4 4 '5 9 7 9 7 8 ^ 4 5 56 >» >> The geological importance given to these tracks by the omnion expressed b. Professor Owen in regard to the specimms pr?dn«d At the Evening Meeting, March 24, M. E. Desor exhih.'fp^ «„ engraving of a slab with Foot-prints bearing a gere/alresSw^ to Protichnites. These Tracks are from the viciS of tbeS Falls, and belong to the "Clinton eroun » p3 nl u "^?''? the following note on these Foot-prinr' ^^ ^"^'^ ^"^ '""^"^'''^ The plate exhibited by M. Desor gives a view of a series of prints on each side a median track, of about 18 inches in extent The foot-pnnts on one side of the median track are in successive ^romi^f hree prints, the two next the track being most a^pro Wed OnW upon It for the precise charn eter of ihe impress Is. ^ 'f i m **'» i'ROCGKOINGS OP THE. „„ OF THK OEOLon.oAL sociETv. [Mar. 24, [I'latks IX. to XIV. A J good plaster-cn.sts ofn„,,|ha,"^:';^;"^;^''^ • /he ong,nnls of some and «"d expense by (l.eir discoverer AI ? ^ ^^ "T' T^^' """^^ '«bour Ifcteu the best-nmrked and most intpll^ f ','"' ""' °^ ^''^^^ I ''ave se- descriptions. '""'^ '"tellig.ble portions for the following ine subject, which for M„. • ' "an..l, consists of a sert^'fvXS^^ °*" ^•'^---« I have so r^p ar succession along an exTen 'f .^ ^'"I'rossions, continued in -W degree of deHnition, a^ , er^ L?;'^ ^^^ an rhese nnpressions (see Plan, PI VIl/ A ' "P''"'''^««^2^'-'et- plaster-casts. ' ' '' ^^^i- A. o) are represented by in the first-selected extent of 1 fo„f .. groups offoot-prints on each side ofal ''/''' thirty successive . "ately deep an.I shallow along m^ttv re.^ " *"''''°^' ^'"'^h '« "Iter! m extent. The number of "^.E^.T'^'f'''^'^^'^ «f ahout 2^ inches -;here they are best marked, ' s Vr l\" )' "'"^ "^ ^ach gron, g "up. /., «', «", 2 ,,rint. in the ev t //a/ ^' T" ?"" ^ P^^ts in one Jluch ,s followed bv a repet on of f'l!' ' ""^ ? "' the third, c, 7 Bu . in some h.tances. tl/e o ^L i of Er f ^""*^' «' <^'' f } Ii> f. f, making the numberf thl ^l ""'^ '"* '« •^'^"'^d, as 2, .^, nistead of 3, 2. 2 • tlie fl,r« '^ *'^'"*''^ successive erouns 'i notwithstanding Wis^oecSrvaS^f^ are,C er,' cession along the whole serii of [S-/. P!f "^^'^ ""'P^^^^d in sue S'-oove *. «^ tiacks on both sides of the median rp, . . "• ^"^ "leuian degrSSC!J;:r!:^;^J Sr '^ '^^^^ I*'-'^ -^^^ different track ; the irniermo t prSt n the in ? f""'^'' '"^'^''^^ the median are best marked, being isua v ath^' ' ^' ","^ '^^'^' '' P^irs. wh eh outer print, // and c'.^ ^ '''''''' "^^'^ than half the%ize of the each'c^lLT^if thfttelut^^^^^^^ '''' ^'^ ^ ''"»« ^-ther apart from cmlly in the second an7Sd'g?ou'pTjf "? f '''f' f' ''' ' ^'''^^^ ^/r\ "' f ,"«"'" approxima?[n"^; thetlf* *• '^'' '^" ^"''"^"^S 6. A' and c, c< diverging in the s-i A' f- ''''^ ^^"^«' ""d the pairs alternate approximation and div r" eif^i '"" «"^degree.. and^C entire series of the present tracks ^' " ''^'"^'^ throughout the only, as ^een on ore portion of the track. '''^"*' °^ °ne light and 1852.] OWEN— POTSDAM 8ANDSTONK FOOT-THACKS. 216 Hut wlifit strikes tho ichnoloKist, heretolore conversant chiefly with the foot.pnnts of iMpeds or ,,ua,lrnpeds. i.s the occ..rre,.ce in the nre Hent seru-s of the thinl in.pre.ssion. a, which cornpli Ss"the .^o approxunated pa.r. ben.g ,,l«ced in front and n little' to the int^er £ ot the ninern.ost nnprosslon, a', of that pair. The Hnpera.ldcd im pros.sK,n «. .s about the .same size as the hniermost in L\x , a'r the avcrap:e diameter of that impression being .O li„eH ' ' Taking this view of the impressions, it appears that, whilst the in- nermoBt m each na.r. «', h, c, arc of e.p.al sii' the outer.nosl «" A' " 1 A progressively increase m size, from the most approx mated to the most divergent of the three pairs; that of the first, ""bein^ narrow in proportion to its length, that of the second. // an b oad a? thm hat m he first pair. In some places where the mo t ar.proxi' mated pair of impressions. «', «". are deeply marked, they are cmnnH- cated by a fourth shallow and very small pitf^'". 2 Lmui^yheSen the turd, a, and the outermost, a", of the pai; of i'mpreZns seel Pl'nr''^ V}r T"^^^^' ''''^ "«"'^">^ ««^"r between the T '« ' . * • T^' "^ *''^ *^"'^*' g'"*'»P« «f loot-prints. 1 ^ /u ^'"'•'" '^V^">P'-«««i«"f. «'> < ft'-o included within a space of y luies 111 diameter. I he longitudinal extent of the three erouns of nnpressions measured along the outermost, averages 3 inchesT les and along the innermost 3 inches 3 linc-s : the extreme ex ent of h^ three sets of nnj.ressions averages 4 inches. The transverse nteital between the innermost impressbns, a, a, of the fir t TrL Vh cTe^ and between those of the third pair ... 2 i, ches rru;ldtom' ^I'r^srr^^^^^^^^^^^^ • ''^^'^r^'^ between the tritermo" impressions of the first pair is .5 inches, and t is the same between the corresponding impressions of the third pair. measurTfrom S outer borders ; so that a line drawn along the outer mardnof the mpressions of one side would be parallel to the line drawndong he same parts on the opposite side, the difference in the Ztanc^ from the midspace being presented by the innermost impress ns The average breadth of the median groove is 5 lines its depth at the deepest parts between 1 and 2 lines; the regular alernatbn of pa^ttrm'ade f t: T ^ ,^' ^ ""''^ '^^^ tlcatTtl^' paic mat made it to have been alternately raised and deoressed an alternation which might affect a tail as well as the trunk but is more grin" " ""^"^'^ '^' '''''' ''' '"^ ""'^"^'^^^"g mode' of pro! There are no clear or unequivocal marks of toes or nails on anv of the impressions which form the lateral pairs or tr p?et Theirmar gms are „ot sharply defined, but are rounded of^ am sink grTduaSy pres Ln"^^^^^^^^^^ "'f VJ^ ' !^"^« ^^.^^ind the middlrof the de' ?n«?x M • '^ ^ ^^'S^* variation in the form and depth of the answerable impressions, but not such as to prevent tSr corresnond h rdoscrilH M fi t 7' TT''\ f '''^ «^ *^>« three pairs "i-it; uihtiuHU as n\.%J, second, fl. and t^>y<] o w,„,. K« M '-c i »alahecorr.,,o„di,,g i„„e™„.t ™prT™n;;.h;::;r^„J^jlS^^^^^^^ 216 n I I'ROCEEDINOS OF Till.' rpni ,,...„ TiiR f.EOLO(j,cAL SOCIETY. [Mar. 24, lij-ii l>y means oflimhs. "^'""'^ l"-ogre.s«.on of an a.un.al walking The mu'stion next to he resolved i« 1.^ *' di«pose(fi„theho,lyofthecrefl ir 1 : V"' ^"""^ "istrnrnents were It eannot he su,UeLl af ^ h iTf "'''"''^''^'^^ 5»>«lIegsof af,nadrn,e,l eo.lJ lu ' ' '^"^^^""1? to the fore and form and in th'eir de^re ; ^ 'it oxi Z •"''•'•''■^«'""« «" 'I'fferent in he series of throe .ets on one si T '?"","' ""V '" ""'^^ P"^'' ot- to see the successive pair of the i" "•'""1'''"^^'^ "'^""-eaccnstonied he difference in the tCriZre il' o/lt' ^""'''".'^ '^«^-'' "t''^'--. difference hetween the fc.re a 1 Zfl T \ J'"'''? ""•'^•«ting the belonged ; hnt in the present seres of f " •' '''^' ^'^ ^hich they jnecessive series of thr^ee so diffi! rfl'MTT"' '''^' ^'^' ^" ^''^ form and size of the in.pressions an U ^''^«^^''•• two pairs in the to render it scarcely nossil Jn ?1 ''^'f ''^^'"''^ of divergence as fom,ed. either along^ e • .t 1? tK'? '''"*• ^'^^^ ^«"''' 1'-" been successive steps of the sZe limh Z r"" '''''! "^ ''"Pr^^sions, by anunal by some peenliarity of 2 'Jre ' nd'' '' '""'""'^^'^ '^^^'^^^^ fore hmbs in making three succfssve«r ""'',T'^ approximated its to comn.ence anotlfer seHes of Z f l^s"^^^^^^^^^^^ *^-'" the nmer unpressions were formed bv Z^l ■ «"PP"«'tion that each series of three steps, the d ffienlfvi frJT "^ ^"'•'' ''"nibs at in? for the third superLid d imte s ^^"'.'^ if T'"""' ^^"'^^onnt. bmg formed byaVadrupe S^^^^r. W'^'^'^"^*'''^'' difference in .hapc ind siie of t e ol *''""'• ^'^'''^'y "^ the three pairs. "^^ "^*^ ''"^^r impressions of the same Paij^n^prir aSSX^^^ "''' '^ '^'"^ ^^ «^ ^'-- A. *', whicli are nearly eo ml v n^n? • " ^T' ^" ^be second pair manifestly larger andioffiCX'Tnne; "" ""T ^--^ '^ most divergent pair, e, c', the ou er o e is ^nfi '• ^ *^^^ ^^^--d and as m breadth, and is occasionally uhdvl' S'^""' '" ^'"«'^ «« ^'^H each series of three y/ 1 /" p.^"'J'^i^Jdeu. Now, as the first pair in next series of three 'i' 2 z^^^ '' *|- --^ pair^rth" and the third pair, it folio vs ha hI '" ''^'^'"'^ *« *^« ^^^^ond pair made the first pair n each of the fl '•'"' ^»«truments must have of the third pL ; or hi o h " w 7d?Sr' " '' *^^ — > «"" must have been made by different „SrnT P"'' "?•"• '^"^« «^'tbree bers; and the same must beSed Tr^^^^^^ ^l ^T'''''' ^^ ^'^^ sion, a, which is superadded to 4e fir -P- ^'^ **'" ''^'^" '"^Vres- ;t may be conoluded^ither that tS al£n "1 ''^^^ *"P'^^= whence uistinctJy but umnterruptedly for more KTY. [Mar. 24, ree preceding and 1852.] OWEN — POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-TRACKS. 217 thmi 6 feet. Tiio most constant of the small impressions, are those which lire nearest the median track, r, and which have heen described as the nnu'rmost of the third pair, hut which first arrest the eye as superadded foot-marks, occurring pretty regularly at intervals of from 4 inches to ^^ inches along the whole track. There are three other aeries of tracks referable to the Protichnitea /'iiotatus. 2. Protichnites octo-notattia. PI. X. The series of foot-prints, here described as the Protichnites S-no- ftttvs, extends for r> feet .'i inches along a surface of hard sandstone which has been rubbed by the ice. This track is rei)resented bv plaster-casts. It is seen on the Plan, PI. VIII. 13. (i. I„ this series the impressions of the feet are deeper mid the median track is much fainter, yet it continues to show the alternately deep and shallow diaracter, its traces being visible at regular intervals, which are however, longer than those that divide the deeper parts of the same groove in the first-described series of impressions. In the present series the small innermost impressions, c, are re- peatcd at intervals of 5 i.iches; the distance between the right and the left of these impressions is 2 inches, being less than half their longitudinal interval ; whereas in the former slab the transverse in- terval IS exactly half the longitudinal one. The larger and more exterior depressions present also a somewhat different arrangement from those first described. Where they are niost clearly and regularly imjiressed it is as follows :-on the outside of the srna 1 innermost impression, e, there is a pair of larger im- pressions, c', e", closely approximated one behind the other, in the direction of the track, the longitudinal extent of this pair of impres- sions being 1 inch. The next pair of impressions, b, b\ answering to the middle pair before described, and here noticed in the contrary or retrograde course, are placed nearly transversely and are wider apart than the longitudinal pair, the innermost being the largest, and the diameter of the pair 1 inch 8 lines. Then follow three impressions. a, a,a , forniing an inequilateral triangle, with a broad base turned inwards and the apex outwards, the impression forming which (a!'\ is the largest of the three, although they are of nearly equal size, having a diameter each of about half an inch. These three impressions an- swer to the three, a. «', «", PI. IX., which have been described as forming the first pair of impressions with the accessory impression m ihQ Protichnites /-notatus; but the three are here so distinct and remote that the pair could only be chosen arbitrarily. The middle or second pair, b, *[, answers to the same in the impressions first described, with the difference of direction above noted : the third pair differs m the more constant and complete division of the larger outer- most impression into two pits, c, c'. In none of these impressions are there distinct and unequivocal traces of claws or digital divisions • they seem rather to have been impressed by one limb, or division of a hm^ termmatmg lu a hard, obtuse, subangular point. 1 he arrangement of the impressions just described is repeated with ittle modification throughout this series of tracks: that is tn say taking them in the order in which those of the first series were'de- 218 '•U !lll ,* """'"^"'~"''"^-"'="«ou.n,rA,,„„c,«Tv. [Mar. 21, ■cribcd, wo linvo the jrroin. r.f M.« • ver,.. pair. /, //. and'th X /^ ^/^''•••T'"''*' "' f' < the tran. foot coming into the nnme plaoT ""'''^ ''^ ""' I"-'"t "f another P.t« .n tL name «its fbrSn^ o „ e'':;; .l'^ ' ';--<•" ^'"" t^" « hnos, and hctweon the third J\ •' i . , tnanglt', «", .j i,,^.} 'nent^ arc tak.n from tlu' Vli; .S' f ''«-• The^'moain ! ons respoctively. The interna C;!/'.,?" "'"^ '^''^ •"'{"•"»- transverse pair of imnrossioi.M i» ./• i V """'rrrioHt, fj, <,/ the outermost. V. from t Et"" - Lr". '"1? ^ ''''"Y '""^ '^-twoe . 1 1 between the longitudinal pa ,.. 7 :," ^'^"^ « 'i»- : the interva inches 3 Imes. The ia.gtl of each seriernf^ '''" "'""' ''"'"'''''■ ^' ^ "from 5 mches to r> Inches :i Cl S thU fT '''^ "'' ""I"-<-««ion» -sof^aeh Of theeight can he S^ '^ I^XSrS" parlTspt'ti.;,;: Lis '?K '•"* '''y ^^- -<^« by the «ame «ame lim'bs or im^ S,;!. rrLt ^^^7"' ^"'' repeal./ hX «eanently if ^e regard each sSf as Iv\-"''''''*r''' «^""*'»- '^'"n! individual that impressed thZ '""icating the nature of the fessedeithereight pair of ii?' ""• •"•"'* *'°"^''«1« it to have no i-bs so divide.? as \ave aTSTI '"• ?""'^^ °'' ^'-ee P irHf tudmal succession on both tK w ^T^f' «'"• ^ Pnnts in lond- ciently long and flexible t'n^^Lfstrco^^ '''' "'^"' "'"^ -«- occupied by the entire series of nchllbT ,'"'"'' ^'''' *''« «P««« rally presenting characters so disfh" t in rhi ' "".Pressions scve- as to forbid the conclusion thTfl "*'' ^''"''' series of y/. Jj r ments differently appYed a" e^ ,wP T^' '"•'^'^^ ^^ «'« «ame nLS in such series. ^ ^^ ^ ''^ ''Sularly alternating intervals or distances ^^;^':V^f^^ the same kind or genus difference in the proportions and '-''''^'"^ ''"'' "'' *''"^''*«' b"t T pressions in the dete?Sab 1 grtpTS ""V}' ^"dividuaT im- There are two other series of tracks "ttt/ 7' ^'5T"^^ repeating very recognizably the trtt^tteSS. '■''' ^'^'"^ I . Protichnites latus. PI xi Other very obliquelv and Z fi • f ^ lengthwise and crossine ear-li versely. ^I„ tlLr'ak"! i%tle7tr'^/r'^ ^ the impressions of the feet are deeper a Jd S ''K^ °^ *'"'« "^^^b * This track has a sf,. ^'"■' "'^'''^ ^^e median ►TV. [Mar. 24, »'. «", the trunn. • the (iiitor and Y irnprpssioii np. I>riMt of another ^>ie first pit in i'lwcvu the two [tS «", '1 inches I lieso ineasnrc- »tl left impres- '"Nt, A, of the d between the I •■ the interval 3r border is 5 ut' i»ipreH.sion9 very regularly '*<'ries i)re8ent8 llyifig impres- ccssive series, by the same 'fated by the Nt'ries. Con- 'iturc of the to have pos- t'ree pairs of »ts in longi- 0W8 three f the precediiiK outermost impression The longitudinal extent of the three sets of 'Soniir^ "" °"'n"^" •' ^ •"''•^'^' '^^''^' *^«»«^«"« interspace be- tween the two small innermost impressions, c, c, is 2 inches 2 lines between the outermost, a", a", of tb. three seis of impressions from their outer borders 7 mches. The general resemblance of these sT cessive series of three sets of impressions with those of the better- defined tracks before described leave no doubt of their having been made by the sanie genus of animal, but it would seem to hi hya different species having a body broader in proportion to its length The sandstone allows a character of the lateral impressions to be seen which was not so distinctly recognizable in the casts, namely the great depth and angnlar figure of the bottom of the impr;ssions w th some irregular angular notches towards its circumfereL. inSng them to have been made by a limb shod with o hard substance tev- base, rhis character of the impressions is irreconcileable with their having been formed by the convex sole of the foot of a Chelonia^^ or by the more flattened foot of a Batrachian or Saurian rent le or by the hoofed or padded foot of any mammal. ^ 4. Protichnites multinotatus. PI. XII. (A nat. size.) Casts of impressions along an extent of 4i feet,' forming part of a senes which was traced for an extent of 10 feet uninSpt^X ex- hibit a strong deviation of the intermediate continuous g?oSom breadth o^H^ '^ ^^'"^^ ^^"^« «*' impresLns. tTb breadth of this track from the outer border of the outer impressions nowhere exceeds 3^ inches. The impressions are SirXr whh smooth, rounded, ill-defined borders, of varying depth hut IsT of ttv^fe W? dit"'.^. '^""^"r ^ '' *h' ^'^ «f' he seriesTherl oon Tts Tnnn .t" • ' ^^' ^"t^^^^l^diate groove inclines to the Mi and At abou b^r *hV""^™°«* f the impressions along the left side. At about halfway from the other end it becomes deeper obliterates as7fl^ P™ -7" 'Y^^'^' «"^ has been impSed%o o^^^^^^^^^ as to force up a ridee of the snnH „nnn u. i..ft .;j~ o- "^\ I'liMl 1-1 i -tu ;sr "o'f tL%K,^r™^'„sJ: r ™ "■'» "^«^- ■"■» ™- unusually deep, and are mnJ?!. ^^ "^^P^'' Pa^* of the ridee are the «hallLer^;rts of the raeks "t" "^^ ^'"^f *«g^ther tK "npressions so' distinct and well-defined °T' if *^' ^^"^« «^« ^^e the groups of threes repeatinreach o^E k*? •**""^ ^ recognition of approach the deep excentr Sroo'e «L slnn?/" " ' ^'^P"'"^^' "« ^^ey observed. There are few places wh'.; " inriermost pits may he by an interspace equal to £r own LJ^^ V^^'^re divided foot-prints on the same side areTn • ^*^- ^'though many of the of three occur not unfrequent ! C?'"'',''-^ '' ^''' ^bliquef groups sions can be discerned 2erete i^nr "^ ''^' '''^^^ ^'^ fe^al div^i! termediate groove become, ^iJi? ''"P''^««i«»s are deepest. The in last two feet^f ^^t sS^ ^^tSTh -'^ ^'Ve h the" the tracks bend slightly in a different dl' • ' '^P'-'^^^'"" i« deepest part, making about an angle of 162° Tr'^^'P".^''?'" the preceding impression would seem to^indicate that I '^ aT^'""^ ^^ ^^^ "'•ddlf appendage which continued t^ bcl ne to tb^'l ?/'". ^"''"^^ ''^ ^^'"^ ;jo.as«, exen™ „„ .^f parent /^ ^.^^ l^ ^i" 5. Protichnites lineatus. PI. XIII r^ nnf =• n , t.. In a continuous track of thp r ''^' ^""^ ^'- ^"^^ A- 3- extent of 13 feet. ^7 '^^^^^^^^^^^ traceable along an of between 2 and .3 feet fcTusXabTe and " ''' ^ "^T ^°^ «" ^^^ent acco™ied by a remarkaUe Sfieatf^^^^ ' '* ^^ ^'^o which are rather represented bTcontinuon, „' *^' '"^f ^^ impressions, s;on of p ts, although these ar/sufficTeX f^^'f -^"^ ^^'^ «"^^^«- the lateral grooves, formmg partia" denrS •'"! '" "^^"^ P^rts of an extent of 13 inches, whcrthe ZnT'^^^'Srooves."^ Along distant from the two 'nlrrow and sh flow t'" ^"^^'^^^^^ ^« '^-^- thp outermost of these impressions ifZ '"^f^'^'T *^" ^^^^ «^e, the mnermost is deepest on the ril • Itf T.^' ^'^' '^^'' «"d grooves become broken up into a senV^ ? /u*'';^'^ *^« ^^teral then agam become continuous b shaIow.rn?^'"7/«'^*-Prints and rupted course of 5 feet from one end Shi •'• ^^'' «" ""^^t^r- middle groove, after bending sIiS?lvt„tV'"'?^ impressions, the pom, the impressing part appSn/AV ! "#^*' terminates in a Vely above the sand f but tTCni-' *" ^'^' '^^^^ raised ob- and a ittle behind this 'poin and som^e^S^ ''''T'''''' *° ^he left becommg shallower, it seems to wlt ""'"^^^^'^^y' «»d, again the nght of this, and then t?hl eontinri P'-'?"^ reimpressed to varied m its depth, for some feet further ""''^^^^^"Ptedly, a Kttle If hey had been partially efflced either t^ ""'"'^.^ '"""'^^'^ ««"' « water, or by water having passed over fi. '"'^ ''''" ^'''^ ™d^'' made. They give the ide« of fi • ^^'^ '^'«» a^^ they were ported by w'atfr wit:ki g'TheTT 's?.'"" '^^^^ & mem, so as to have occasionally 1852.] OWEN— POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-TRACKS. 221 dragged its lateral appendages along, and thereby to have mad" a contuiuous groove with faint impressions, interruii'ted where the feet have been applied to the sand in the usual successive way Ihe breadth between the outer margins of the outermost tracks is 5 mehes 6 lines ; between the inner border of the innermost tracks J inches 10 lines ; the breadth of the median track is 10 lines For a short distance there is a shallow longitudinal depression on the left border of the median track, and here and there are faint indications ot small impressions inside of the innermost of the lateral tracks The name indicative of this series of tracks is one of convenience only and IS not to be regarded as the sign of a species recognized as actualf; d^tmct from the differently-marked and better-defined impressions of the same size and breadth. ^ 6. ProtichnitPH alternans. PL XIV. (i nat. size), and PI. VIII. A. 7. In a series of impressions in which the middle groove is represented by a succession of interrupted shallow longitudinal channels, with unimpressed or slightly marked intervals of nearly their own extent the lateral impressions are deep, small, and more or less of an angu- lar character. In some parts there appears only a single impression as at a on the left side 1 X ; an inch iti advance of thfs tS v^ll be a pair, <5, i, placed rather obliquely, the innermost much larger than the outer one. One inch and a half in advance of this is a third more widely parted pair, c,c\ also placed obliquely, the inner im follows a triplet, d, d\ d\ or a pair, d, d\ of nearly equal size, and on the same transverse hue, but wider apart than the rest. Abou" Ijtl '" ^'^"^"'^f/ thi« i« ^ P«"-' ^. -. which are nearer togethe and then comes either a very large single impression or one com posed of a confluent pair, /. The outer impressions of the series de- scribe a curve with the convexity turned outwards, but the opposite mpressions of the series are not symmetrical ; for where the^mpr s! sions are widest apart on the left side, those of the right, -s i^7^ are nearest together, or, being confluent, appear singfe; and where the right pair of impressions are widest apart, those of the left ke are nearest together. The innermost impressions of both lateral series preserve best their regular distance from the middle tracks The outer impressions differ most in this respect, and conseqiSly tT^t ^".Y]?" '?ting line, but so that whence convex' tyisTun 1 from the middle line on the left side it is turned to the middle line eTont'teT?r' ""^ "f ''l\ ^'''^' '^ '^' ^^'^'^^'^^ impiessionV re elongated transversely and become gradually shallow outward, as if the toot impressing them had been moved fU withTnoSarci; movemenrfr'^'r f^^^'f' ^ w«ddling gait, or an alternate oblique movement from side to side of the animal, with an alternate rais in£r wtrn""ii: i'%T.'^'^^" ^"™^.^ -^'^^ ^- leftrSdi? 3 kT' "r •''"'^ *^'.''' S'""!^' «* ^^'''^ impressions are inter- posed between the impressions in pairs. The shape of the imnres- eZn;;;!^^ ''"" '^ '"'^''"^" '"-^^^ ^>' ^^rd, poLed, subangar 222 'nost of the outer impr sstS is 3rh?' "^f ian traek to the outer! same pmr of i„,p Jons S 3 £s ' The In %'"r"?^^^ «^*^« one of the curves which includes ^T'l J ^'. '«"g't"dn,al extent of ntcrrupted impressions of the ^p, f„ . ^[^T^' '' ^ inches. The irom the straight Hue. ' "''^'"" '''''^ «how a shght deviation Ihe modifications nresentprl h.r fi • njjtate against their'E^'^i^'j^Vbr '^ ;T^"^^«"« ^^"any differ so much from those alreadv d- 7 ^ ^•^rtebrate anima , but distmct genus of many-hmbeSah "'^''^ '' '' '^'''^y "^^^i^ate « There are four series nf ,-«,», jn-ked sandstones, in o^e o^Thrcnrrd-' ^''' ^^^^"* «^ "pple- the ripple-marks along an unduWW ^T ^'^''^ ^as cut thriugh considerable depth, not sh2w t J^ 7^''^ ^^"^ «f »^«rly equal 3 ^een in so manf of the helsfts of i "''' '''' '""^ ^^" ^^^^^ this jnedian track are round J nff ^P^essions. The margins 5 bottom. The lateral tracks are t^J^'W'' '""^^ rounded S the can be't-ff ^"^ ^^'^'^^^^^^^^^^^ 'f '''''' - ^^ they iCg'rot^^ ^:^^r''f^^^ '-"^''-''-'^^ . ^'"pression cuts hroS the'rS* t^^''^'^'''^ ^'^^' « "^^ro-ver median nearly a straight line ^lere S Z'/T ^?^-^" ^^^ent of /Tet ^ indicated, their borders beTn/ oml 1 ^^ ^"^-pressions are fah tW showing a total breadth of slch " ! fu^^ "^ '* ^^^e expanded appears to have bppn nf 1 . ^' ^^''^^s the tracks A« fl , impression upon the summits of '^f ''"^^ "" "a^^row and shallow ^on of the aiTimal being sZwfbfthT''^'^ f nd-waves, th dtee pushed into the interveLgTalleyVoflh^ ^p^t ^'^ ^^"'^ ^^^ ''^^ l-Jn^;^^^^^^^^^ of the number, form Potsdam sandstone, in the morp. I "i*'P.™*« impressed up^i S submitted, bothin theorilinaU ' / '^''^ ^pressed specimens no" thern'r/r ^' -^y Sty"^^^^^^^^ P^terStsX them, of those comparatively morp? "'/^"^''^l correspondence v^th impressions (PI. XIV A \ .^ confused and obscurely ZTa 1852.] OWEN— POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-TRACKS. 223 The recognition of the real nature of this superadded print also loads to the recognition of the succession of the prints in progressive series of three groups, two of which seem to consist of a pair of prints as 111 the Pi-otichnites 7-notatus-K That peculiarity could not I be- hove, have been recognized, or satisfactorily confided in, without the a,, and light of the analogies furnished by the more numerous and extensive, clearer and better-marked, impressions which have now been submitted to us by their zealous and indefatigable discoverer and collector I need scarcely say, therefore, that although the foot-prints of a Tortoise are those to which the original series of the Potsdam sandstone impressions bore the closest resemblance, I have now the conviction that they were not made by a Chelonian reptile, nor by any vcrtebrated ammal. ^ > ^>^ »y The impressions selected for Plates IX. and X. clearly demonstrate tliat the animal, progressing in an undulating course, made at each action of Its locomotive members, answering to the single step of the biped and the double step of the quadruped, not fewer than, mlrohchmtesj-notatus, fourteen impressions, seven on the right and seven on the left; and in Protichnites 8-notatus sixteen im- pressions eight on the right and eight on the left ; these seven and eight impressions respectively being arranged in three groups • viz^iu Pf^ot^chmtes 7-notatus, 3, 2, and 2 ; in Protichnites S-notaZ', J, 2 and 3; the groups being reinipressed, in successive series, so similarly and so regularly as to admit of no doubt that they were made by repeated applications of the same impressing instruments capable of being moved so far in advance, as to clea? the prTvTous impressions and make a series of new ones at the same distance from w2 Z^' '11 impressions in the series are from each other. What then was the nature of these instruments ? To this three replies rs7as'i/;r' "' VP''V''^T^^^*^•^=-*^«y ^^^e made, either, 1st, as m the case of quadmnedal impressions, each by its own limb which would give seven and eight pairs of limbs to the two^pedes respectively; or, 2ndly, certain pairs of the limbs were bifurca^efa in some insects and crustaceans, another pair or other pairs bebe trifurcate at their extremities ; and each group of impressTons waf made by a single so-subdivided limb, in whL Le we have evidence of a remarkably broad and short hexapod creature ; or, 3rdly, three pairs o hmbs were Wfurcate, and the supplementary pits weS made by small superadded limbs, as in some crustaceans ; or, 4thly, aZZ broad fin-hke member, divided at its impressing b^rd^r into seveS or into eight obtuse points, so arranged as to leave the Jefin te pa^eri a^S:^:/^^tSn-k:^r:n^^^ there are occasional varieties in the groups of foot-prints whl^h would ardly accord with impressions left by one definitely subdivrd^d „ strument or member. Thus in the group of impressions marked 1 L ^24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Cvnf ^r,. in PI IX .h ■ «^°''««^--'' «oc.ETv. [Mar. 24, and are separate in 1 L. The sail ""^ '*'"' '""^"'"* '" ^"^"^ «^t ^',^", in i^.o..-.;5„eV., H-n^L/J"'"' '""^^^ ^^^^^s in the outer ,5 b, its'o::.\-S;tdrt'j,;^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ i;nP-ion .as .ade adopt as the/ostprobab etpotl^^^^^ So that ifJc-IiK left these tracks and impressions nnti * *^'^ creatures which have shores bdonged to an SX and''' obn'""'"' ''^ ^"«^' «ea! either with three pairs of linibsemn^o probably crustaceous genus ^I'vided to accord ^vitrthrnuXrTf '" ^^'"°*'«"' «"d sev^raSy groups, or bifurcated merl t^e ' nle^r*/ '" ''?^ «^ ^''^ ^^ree ;«iddYe&arh'etx^^^^^^^^^^^ free extremity, the last pair of a e mM ' bl ^''^t'/'f^''^te at the appendages, and a long and slender hrrJ S ""'^^ f""'' ^^^"^"ifbrm Idea of the kind of animal which hi eft T"' '^'' "^"^^' *« '"7 Potsdam sandstone* '"^ ^^^^ "npressions on the obtuse, and subangular terminSr.f ''* "^^^ ^^' ^^^rd, sub: l^mb, such as „,av I .een in the blunted 1p ''TT'''' ^">b"latory ^"•^«*; and it is evident Tat tL a"iS ol\f '^^^"^^'^'^^^^^ «r moved directly forwards after the nianner o? tb. J"''^"'" «^"^«tone ^nm and not sideways, like the Brryurol ^,^r"'" ^ sevSertorfo'SS^^^^^^^ - my mind, I do no^tTeeJ t "et^ at present to record. ^ ^ ' ^^ ^^^" f"" understanding The imagination is baffled in the attemnf >« r , time past since the period when the cSL '"^'^^^the extent of moved upon the sandy shores of that J. ?'•' ""''^ '" '^^ing that we know that, with thVexception of tb? '""^^ «^a ^ and the actual species of ^nl^ZZet^^X'^C^^^ 'T^ °^ ''"^^^ "» ^blT' ?• '•''"P""^^" ^ith the S lurian !poeh ^'"''^ g^«l-gica% ^^^^^^^:J^S^^ type, usually the Wtype has ua:2lfSr^^^^^^ If le jHeoeding set ^nt in that set, the outer pair, ision was made ficulty in con- ^6 aggregated lat I incline to es which have of known sea- iceons genus, and severally of the three '"ally smaller 5r fourth and Tibs near the urcate at the lamelliform earest to my 'ions on the • ibbed slabs, e hard, sub- ambulatory *alinuru3 or fi sandstone and JTipko- es multino- >rmed by a under sur- ison of the originated srstanding extent of eing that sea; and 5f''-fe,all slc^ically s usually ■ this the 'ass, and hes. If fications the press. 1852.] OWEN— POTSDAM SANDSTONE FOOT-TRACKS. 226 ttj"^' *?fi Secondary and Devonian periods, what may not have been the modifications of the Articulate type during a period probably more remote from the Secondary period than this is fr^om thfpreseS time In all probabihty no living form of animal bears sucE a re semblance to that which the Potsdam foot-prints indicate as to afford o?trml"o?f " °'.*'^ ^^T ''^^ """^'^ of theTntume^ntf^nl of the mode of locomotion ot the Silurian Protichnites. tJ.U rr* ^'""T "^^'^^"'^^^ «^ an^al life, locomotive on land, of the oldest known sedimentary and unmctamorphosed deposits on this planet, have been I am well aware, far too inidequatelyCcribed in die paper which I have had the honour to submit to the Society They offer characters which require more time for their due scrutiny and greater acumen and powers of interpretation than have hi S been bestowed upon them. The symbols themselves are d stinct enough Old Nature speaks as plainly as she can do by them and If we do not fully thereby read her meaning, the fad is in our powers of "f rpftation In the present attfmpt I c^, however ^IV'i T' ^ ^T I'^^'^T^ "P'^'^ ^* ^" the leisure a my7o^. mand and have applied my best abilities in the endeavour to fuSl my obhgations to their discoverer, and to satisfy theTn^X ex pressed wishes of the Society. ^ generally ex- I II HII? i r ■1 ^Wm W-^' 1- ^- 1 : ilH' i- 1 1 V \ /• a .V .» A ..>\. ,,. ...1 J ,1, :Fi;Air OF THE ^mt^B , ivlt/iy Aoch - surfae^A' hearing ,mi^ \ ^//LJ-/7U^«^t^ 0a/^<74^a^ ., +4 rhicin.s i A. .iJlJfff- ^..M.Miiii- 4 •tiHih'liS^-'.ui.. t J Chai/i (, /• (t .V .\ V r / it r fj /■ a .V ,( .»• // /• / '"dm- ,v ,v >• II /• / /« ^ ^ Yr •' <^ J" y .f u r f a € e f J Chants 4- ^ f/ia I Its 20 links or /6^'i/Mf = / inc^ \ J f /tai n . F. Tte'.vf., litM 'f ^ -^ Scran oL . "NNi bmVoi.-nii.pi.-no / /// // J//r// // / // 1 1 l> n.. B ori'iiiic'V I) /l'l/l/.l/' IHfllfMl/ II ml ','lJll/H.\/!llfl ////l/ll\ f'h //ti fihin, J'/(U(.s 'In /"riir/:.y i/^h //.>'/ . / * '-^ iiri rr.s/ni//i(i\ //uM i/i u / /^/itf ^ i /'////. 'V/ *'// / /'iiifirliiiit's ^lyiUm iiii'ii/n.s I iiilinfloln.\ J //l/4t.\ , - /////.'»//'■•> It n//(^ 'ut Its /■'■/ /./'III /■ / }/ // ry/Za . ^7'o1.M1I.P^. ^^ \\. B .■•VL '/ 1 /ill II it 'ii //'iitA'x //uf //(/!■/ •/ .,"'«.> , .J , 6 r/i-M / ///f// //\- /'/" fJ/ ''II I' " /'/ lit I Hi II itiS > l/lfff/l until fllA (iili'Hftti/ii\ t/iiii.'i li/iftifii'"' _____ ft//(///ff//f - uS :, -o F. ne',:^i. '■■'.' '■'^'^^a||HlU»A^ .*.» 1 ■«>.i¥ llJIB. —■■■■! 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'/'.,/;•■ 7-l.VlJl,?l, XI vt-^; m I m '•Jf*;;' :V-1 ,. .■1 ..'^? ifc' ^|r >i Sii?. ■^'. W^. i? :h; «'. M^ ISk^:..^: m :■:.:.. '^'■li ■ ;», ^^T^-'- %- ri "■S,'/ F^, «4 .>!k*l jtt^ ^i1^^<■ ^^^H'*^>j^;W/ % ,«rfill*^^^- '"^^ ^%v '^t!*-- Jas D-inlnel .dftl «il hih «*fc -«►• ' 'f^^W' PF^OTlCliNlTtJl;; MULTlMCyi'ATlJS. :rm '^mk. - -i-d^^ ..-^E-^^" '^Hlfe /■r;f. PR O T 1 C "H N 1 'i ' E a MUL T I N 1' AT U £ Quart. .Joiirn. Geol. Soc. Vol VIII PI, XII •d \.Vicst.,lntilcgraipr..T; !"!■. l!iHu-n '."aj.Ioi ts ■ i I liar I Joiji'Ti '%-'■■■;■>,'; ^SyviV, ''Sw^tyi.;-.'!?'''''^" ■% ^^ ^i«v i,;\v?i 11 , -^ :'^<^%,^„ ^^'^T'^'W^^^^. ^V^.^-CjSUSi ^1,^1 .1-1 -f lit.r. ; ,1^ >'-^%^„;^* -■--i PRCTICHNITES I.INEA' Ptia-rl JouTO Geo! ooc. Vol V ill i'l .\.. f ui"! -^ "VvVsl I.jtjiograrhers D-S-.lia.Ucn Gani*-!. Bil' j: OuB.rt J >.)*, .-V^^i^ 1 ,1 I i l-.-. ,dei •'' .-'-i- aaHf Si v.j|i^^^ i|.(rti«»^***"- '^BP '■''•"^^iw- ^WP^ «,«5-fe.--.-.;^^;y;? '^K^^- < > 1 M^^* ■■■^y' ;;Vi¥»T- ^:^i%:^; ■■***«ii2«^v..ii r ^ H^ ^ ' '^vi^l^ ^^: ii^ I* jtt^ t" RO T "" " ^-"'' ' T "^ "^^' i^ '*■ T . T'^'RM a\N ^ <>• %, 4 >1-T.Y. *^;?s? > im^' lA ;«i j-^v. ^B^ ''^'Wi^*'' ^^ iMp PRO .r ■>' i l» >«Pr > ^^^ "''*mi^i I^***" r ^ PROTJ(JHi-UTES AL/l'EKNAri;.-; Puart Jni '^^^WIf ^>' ^ ^^L ^"^i jp^ I Quart Joufi. Geo] So .' 7111 F] XIV i'lB-ci k ■.Vem..iaiiir^a-plifirs,iv-, iUator, .*'*»*« y !////'/. ■/o'/zvc./'^i 'o/AorUMlY\ Zr/.A, a^-w*- •»iKmmmmmm>l>/th \, i I-,.- .-/fjTf^r- '"«% y .a/y'.^>/y:''^v/.ejO(\\li)i VilJ I'l /u .h. fV'" i^S