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THE

Battle of Lundy's Lane.

BY ERNEST CRUIKSHANK,

Captain. 44th Battalion.

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PRESS NOTICES.

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THE

BAHLE OF LUNDY'S LANE

25th JULY, 1814.

A HISTORICAL STUDY.

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THIRD EDITION.

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NOTE TO THE THIRD EDITION.

The very -ratifying receplion accorded to previous editions of this
pamphlet, which are now exhausted, has induced the Lundy's Lane Histori-
cal Society to undertake the jnihlication of a third, which has been carefully
revised by the author.

Tort Erie, i8th December, 1S93.

THE BATTLE OF LUNDY'S LANE.

Tlif nioiitli (if DccfiiilxT. lHi:i, was iiinrkt'<l liv the rctiiciiifnt
• •f tilt' AiiH'ricitii troops IVoiii tlu'ii' lines at Koi't ( i('or;;t', wliioli tliry
hail occupiiMl sinct' tlir picciMlin^' May, uii<lt'i- ciiriiinstaiiccs wliidi
tfinlt'il to coNTi' tlu'ir aims with <lis;;racc. riitlt'i* the prcti'Xt that it
was lU'Ct'SHarv to tlcjiri\(' their ailversarics of shelter upon that fron-
tier, the reniainiMu' inhahitants of Niaijai'a were di'iven from their
homes ami the entire villa;;e committed to the llames. With the
same intenti(ai (,)ueenston was «lelil)eiate|y homharded with red-hot
shot tVom the hatteries at Lewiston. Many isolated farm houses
Were destroyed hy maiaiidin<; i)aj*ti«'s of soldiers, or, when thev
proved too sul'stantial for instant demolition, were rendered luiinhah-
itahle l»y remoxal of the dooi's and windows. The few cattle still
remainin<.( in the jiosseNsion of the country people "were mercilessly
slauehtered or diiven awav, and theii" y-rain and tlonr remove(l oi-
d«'stioved. On the lOth of Decendter. (leneral McC'Inr- wi'ote exult-
inely fi-()iii Fort Xiaeai-a to (Jovernoi" Tompkins of Ne\' York: "Tlu'
villaee is now in llames ami the enemy shut out of hope and means
of winterin^^ in Fort (Jeortje. This step has not heen resolved on
without counsel," he added, "and is in conformity with the views <
the Seci'ctary of War, made known to me in previous connnunica-
tions." This, however, was strenu«aisly denied hy the latter. " My
onlers," he aH.serted, "were to l>urr, it if necessary to the defense of
Fort ( ieorj^e, and not otherwise. But he does not defend F(a*t (leorijfe,
and then burns Nia<j;ara. My o'/dei-s were <;i\«'n on the report of the
General that the attack of Fort (Jeoim" miyfht he covered hy Newark."

Almost before the ink was (b-y on McC'hn'e's letter the flames of

Niagara had become the sio-nal for the rapid advance of a small
British corps of ob.seryati<ai, under Colonel John Murray, which lay
at Twelve Mile Creek. Puttin*; his men in sleighs, the British com-
mander hurried forward throu<^h a blincHne- snowstorm, and fell upon
the incendiaries liefore their work of destruction was completed.
The village of Niagara had been already reduced to ashes, but the
barracks and defences of Fort (Jeorge were left comparatively unin-
jured, and the retreating garrison left the whole of t}ieir tents stand-
ing in the works they had so precipitately abandoned. The rticovery
(3f tlie left bank of the Niagara by the British was follow e«l Ijy the

"^^4*

Hurprise of Fort Xiafjam and tli? capture of the American batteries
at Lewiston and Scldosst*r, and, Hnally, by the occupation of Buftalo,
after a liard-foug)it action near Black Rock. Before the end of tlie
month the Americans were <h'iven fi'om every defensive position upon
their own bank ot the stream, se\ere and stern retaliation had been
exacted for their ravaj^es upon the Canadian settlenients, nearly every
habitable building between Buti'alo and Eigliteen Mile Creek on Lake
Ontario y)eing laid in ruins, and the terrified iidiabitjints had fled
beytnid the Genessee. These successes put the small British force
em]>loyed in possession of an ample and sorely needed supply of pro-
visions, annnunition, and military stores of various kinds, besides
furnishing them with comfortable winter (juartei's. Hithei'to the
men had Iteen unprovided with winter clothing of any description,
and tiiey were still without a tield-train, artificers, engineer, or regu-
larly organized commissariat. During the preceding campaign, (juan-
tities of annnunition had been spoiled by being conveyed with the
armj' in ordinary open farm wagons, for lack of regidar tund)rils. ^
Drunnnond at once i)rojected the reduction of Detroit and the des-
truction of the American squadron on Lake Erie, then lyii'.g at Put-
in-Bay.- He pushed his outposts forward to tl>e forks of the Thames,
and his scouts ])enetrated to the boi'ders of Lake St. Clair, and even
ventured to cross into Michigan, where the}' capturetl the arms of a
company of militia.^ The departure of the proposed expedition was
<]elayed by the mildness of the weather, which kept the roads inipas-
sable until March.* By that time the garrison of Detroit had been
heavily reinforced, several thousand militia were collected at Put-in-
Bay foi- the defence of the ships, and tlie energetic flovernor of New
York had been enabled to gather a large force of State troops at
Batavia.

The British General wh ^ at the same time obliged to proceed to
York to open the annual session of the Legislature of Upper Canada, for
he united the fujictions of administrator of the civil government with
those of connnander of the forces, and during his absence the Ameri-
cans began to contenjplate the recovery of Fort Niagara. With this
view three thousand regular troops were rai)idly moved across the
State of New York from Sackett's Harbor to the encampn)ent at
Batavia.'' It had been ascertained from desertei"s that great discon-
tent existed in the battalion of the 8th or King's regiment, which
garrisoned that post, and that the same cause which had prevented
the advance of an expedition against Detroit had delayed the rein-
forcement of the division guarding the Niagara l>y troops fronj Lower
Canada. In fact Drunnnond had been obliged to weaken it by send-

■\-

1. Druniniond to Prevost, March 21; 2. Drunuiiond to Prevost, Jan. 21 ; 3. Drunnnond tp Pievost,
Feb. 21 ; 4. Dnuiiniond to Capt. N. Freer, Feb. 19 ; f). Lossing;, Field Book of 1S12, p. 702. I *

».

in^ a (letachiuent of the XewfouiKlland iv<:jinicnt and artillery to
relieve Maekiiuic, and withdiawini;- the battalion of the 41.st from
York for the defence of Kintiston.^ The munher of desertions from
the jjjarrison of Fort Niagara had become so great and the discontent
of the men so pronounced, that the liattalion was finally withdrawn
and replaced l>y the lOOth. Scarcely had this been acc(Ji:iplished than
they, too, began to deseri in such numbers that General Riall, who
had been left in connnand of the division, was forced in utter despair
to reconnnend the abandonment of "that cursed fort," as he forciblv
designated it.- At that time the British ai-mv was larmdv recruited
from the pauper and criminal classes, and many fcjreigners were
enlisted even into n-giments of the line. Th'^s, five men deserting in
a body from the Royal Scots at this time were described as being all
foreignei's. Besides being imperfectly clothed and often harshly
treated, they had )'ecei\'ed no pay for upwards of six months, ond
their discontent at the irksome and monotonous round of duty in Fort
Niagara is not sur})rising.

J)runnnond, however, resolutelv refused his consent to the evacua-
tion of a post so important, and. as tine weather returned, desei'tions
diuiinished. He was unremitting in his preparations for the coming
campaign. Through the worst of weather an<l execrable I'oads he had
hurried from York to Kingston, and fiom Kingston to Delaware,
making iniiuiries into the resources of the country and the conditiiai
of the inhabitants.'* Ascertaining that the wheat crop near the fron-
tier was likely to prove deficient, he promptly j^rohibite I the distilla-
tion of grain, and issued or<lers for the formation of magazines in the
vicinity of Long Point, a i)art of the country which had hitherto
escaped the ravages of the invaders.^ The ivgion between Chippawa
and Fort Erie had been so completely laid waste that it remained
almost uninhabited. In addition to his troops he had several thou-
sand non-combatants to feed, and in the destitute condition of the
country this seemed an almost ho])eless task. j\Iost of the western
Indians that had survivetl General Proctor's defeat, as well as the
wdiole of the Six Nations from the Grand River, tlu'ee thousand ])er-
aons in all, of whom two-thirds were heli)less women and children,
had HOUii'ht refuj^e near the British cantonments at Burlinuton. Their
depredations so harassed and alarmed many of the inhabitants in the
vicinity that they aban<loned their farms and took shelter in the
soldiers' quarters.^ The homeless fugitives from the Niagara were
also dependent upon the over-taxed con\mis.sariat. While his armed
force numbered less than two thousand, between seven and eight

1. Druminond to Prevost, Feb. 8 ; "2. Riall to Diuiuiiiond, March IS ; 3. Druimnoiid to Prevo^it, March
6; 4. Druniuioiid to Prevost, January 2;). " The '-rop in the Xinjtara District is short, but I think there
..ill be enough (or the Rij^ht Division if that at Loiij,' Point is collected in time ;" 5. Drunnnond to Pre-
vost, Pel). 8

thousand ratioiiH were issued daily. Already, in the month of Janu-
ary, it liecauie evident that the sujjply of meat would soon be ex) austed,
and Di-ummond he^an to entertain serious apprehensions that he
would he compelh'fl to al»an<lon all that part of the Province lyin^
west of Kinjifston, from sheer want of food. Nor was the situation at
the lM,tt( r jiost nnieh more encoura(;in^. Five thousanti rations were
consumt d there every day, and on the 5th Api'il tliere remained hut
sixteen harrels of H'>ur in store. In fact his embarrassments in this
respect \vere quite as great as those of the Duke of Wellinjj^ton during
the Peninsular war, who was so much engaged with tliis vital ([ues-
tion of food and su])plies that he was accustomed to say that he did
not know whether he was nmch of a general Itut he felt cei'tain tliat
he was a tirst-rate commissariat officer. Although a vote of censure
had been just passed on his predecessor in the Government by the
Legislative Assend)ly of the Province, for having procla ned martial
law for the purpose of supplying his troops from the country, Drum-
mond was then compelltMl by danger of absolute starvation to resort
to it again, though with great anxiety and reluctance, as the iidiabi-
tants did not ap|)ear willing to part with their produce at any price.
His etfbi'ts to induce the western Indians to remove to Lower Canada
were unsuccessful, as well as his endeavors to persuade the Six
Nations to return to their deserted farms on the Grand River. The
inefficiency of the militia from want of disci] »line and defective ecjuip-
ment, as well as lack of competent officers, having become manifest,
he directed the enlistment of a battalion of four hundred men from
among them to serve during the war, Avith the intention of permitting
the remainder to bestow their undivided attention upon tlieir ordinary
pursuits, except in the e\ent of a levy cd rtuiNsc to repel actual in-
vasion. Captain William Robinson, of the 8th, was appointed lieu-
tenant-colonel, and Captain James Kerby, of the Lincoln Militia,
major, of this corps. The I'anks were rapidly tilled up with stalwart
young recruits, and it was armed and exercised as a battalion of light
infantiy, under the title of tlie Incorporated Militia. Several captur-
ed field-guns and tundjrils were fitted for active service, and supplies
of grain and flour diligently collected in various parts of the country
for the support of the forces in the field. ^

It seemed evident that a fresh attempt at invasion would not
long be delayed. American newspapers clamored for the speedy
recov^ery of Fort Niagara. L tte in January Black Rock was re-
occupied by their troops, and t ey began to annoy the British post at
Fort Erie hy the tire of artillery from batteries there."^ At the same
time they were reported to be buiMing large barracks upon Lewiston
Heights, several miles inland. The subsequent movement of a large

1. Drumniond to Prevost. March 29 ; '2. Dninimond to Prevost, Feb. 1.

» JL .

* «^» •

body of troops from Sackett/s Harbor in that direction was almost
innnediately revealed to the commandant at Kinji^ston by deserters,
and General Riall was placed on his <riiard. Severe cold weather,
accompanied by heavy tails of snow durin<; the latter part of March,
delayed the projjress of defensive works already commenced by the
British, and early in April General Riall sallied ont from Fort Niag-
ara and levelled with the j^roinid the earthworks which had been
erected by the Americans the ])revious year alon^ the rij;ht bank of
the river from its mouth to Lewiston, fearin;;" that they mitrht be
occupied by his adversaries.^ A deserter, wlio came in a few days
later, reported that seven thousand soldiers were alrea<ly assendJed
near Buffalo. The difficulties of the situation daily inci eased, and
the prospect for the future became more discouragini;. A jjjreat
council of the Indians of Ohio, Indiana, and Michij;-an, was convene<l
bv American a 'ents at Davton, and those present were informed that
they nuist take up arms ag'ainst the British or be treated as enemies
of the United States. Each vrarrior was promised a stipend of
seventv-tive cents a day, and their wives and children would be re-
tained as hostages. The Delawares, Senecas, Shawanees, an<l
Wvandots joined in the war dance and were directed to assemble at
I)etrt)it.- Similar steps were taken to enlist the triVjes of New York
and Pennsyhania in the movement a^-.-iinst Canada. Marauding
parties from Detroit made frecpient inroads into the Western District,
carrvino" off the loval inhabitants and de.strovinii' the settlements at
Delaware and Point aux Pins. In the middle of May, eight iiundred
Americans conveyed in six ships of war made a descent upon Port
Dover, and Vnirned the entire village, turning the inhabitants out of
doors in the midst of a chilliui; .storm of rain and sleet.^ Thev then
proceeded up the lake, destroying the mills near the coast, with the
grain collected for grinding, as they went. At the same time it be-
came known that another scpiadron of eight sail, tilled with troops,
had passed into Lake Huron with the intention of attacking Mackinac,
the only post yet retained by the British in the west. The available
store of {jrain and flour was ::rach diminished by these incursions.
Fresh meat was not to be ha<l. The Indians daily consumed twice
as nuich flour as the whole of the troops,^ In the small garr.son of
Fort Erie alone, not much exceeding caie hundred persons, no less
than sixty-nine cases of ague were reported in a single week. , The
Provincial Dragoons had becon»e al-most unfit for service from the
miserable condition of their ill-fVsd and overwoi-ked horses. If Com-
modore Chauncey should succeed in getting out upon the lake with
the formidaltle frigate he had recently launched at Sackett's Harbor,

I. nntmmond to Prevost, Maich 31, April 13 ; 2, Hildreth's History, U. S. ; 3. Pittsburiif Mercury ;
4. Drunimoiul to Prevost, April 2G.

the Ainericnns would olttaiu as uiidisputod control of Lake Ontario
as they already possessed of the upper lakes.

Upon the prorogation of the Assenddy on the 18th March,
Dnunniond returned to Kint^ston and thr«!W himself with great vigor
into the laltor of providing for the defence of the Province. Ever}'
soldier that could he of the slightest use was set to work in the ship-
yard, and two new frigates of the largest class were launched and
made ready for the sea, while the American fleet would he yet unable
to leave port for some weeks. Having thus obtained a decided
superiority on Lake Ontario, he desired ])ermission to attack the
enemy's ships in their stronghold at Sackett's Harbor. But the
Governor-General flatly refused to send him troops to enable him to
undertake the expedition. 'It is by wary measures and occasional
daring enterprises, with apparently disproportionate means," he re-
plied, " that the war has been sustained, and from that polic}' I am
not dispt)sed to depai't."

However, on the 5th May, Drummond made a successful dash
from Kingston upon the naval depot at Oswego, which he took and
destroyed, and Sir James Yeo immediately establishe<l a strict
blockade of Sackett's Harbor. The eflect of these operati(jns was to
delay the equipment of the Amoican sipuidron for several weeks,
and conse(]uently retard their invasion of Canada by way of the
Niagara frontier. Early in May the troops intended for this purpose
had begun to assend)le at Buffalo, where a camp of instruction was
inj'.nediately formed under the connnand of Brigadier-General Win-
fleld Scott, one of the most talented and best trained oflicers in the
United States army. It was proposed that the force employed should
consist of not less than Ave thousand regular soldiers, and three
thousand militia drawn from the Statesof New York and Pennsylvania.
The cavalry and artillery were re-organized, and the eidistment of
three new regiments of riflemen authorized. To encourage recruiting,
a bounty of $124 was oflfered to each person enlisting.^ Most of the
infantry regiments selected had served throughout the preceding
campaigns, and consecjuently had seen (^uite as much active warfare as
most of the troops that were likely to be opposed to them.

The spring elections had prostrated the Federal party in New
York, and the Governor had at last a free hand. The Senate readily
passed a bill authorizing the enlistment of 4,000 state troops to serve
one year. The general order providing for the e(juipment of the
New York contingent was issued in ]\[arch, and authorized the organ-
ization of two infantry regiments ot ten companies each, consisting
of 108 officers and men, and an independent battalion, composed of
one company of rifles, two of light infantry, and one of mounted rifles,

1. Hildreth.

\ , •

'i , •

» I

«,-

t'oriiiinj; a Vn-iyadt' of 2,o()2 of all ranks, uikUt Major fJciU'ral Pctt'i' H.
Porter, recently a eonj^ressnian from the Niagara District of New-
York, and one of the chief promoters of the war. For two months
and a half Iw^th regnlai's and militia were constantly exercised in
battalion and brigade drill from seven to ten hoins a day, until
thev were considered to have attained a remarkable detn-ec of
efficiency. The French system of field exercise was adopted, and, as a
proof of their rapidity in mandnivring, it is stated that Scott's bi'igade
of four full battalions was able to execute an entire chanu'e of front
to either flank in three minutes and a half.'

The Pennsylvania detachment, nundtering about (500 men, under
Colonel Fenton, participated in the descent upon Port Dover, and did
not arrive at Bulialo till late in June. (}en. P. B. Porter proceeded to
Onondaga, the ancient council place of the Six Nations, and solicited
the assistance of those tribes in the proposed invasion of Canada.
This was pi-omised readih' enough, and a council was convened at
Buffalo to ratify the engagement. All the nations except the Mohawks
were represented at this meeting, and Le Fort, an Onon<laga, was
elected principal war chief. Mainly through the exertions of the
celebrated Seneca chief Red Jacket, upwards of six hundred Indians
were assembled to share in the expedition, some of them coniing from
the distant St. Regis village on the borders of Lower Canada, under
the command of a chief who was given the rank of colonel in the
United States armv.^

While these extensive pre])arati()ns for an invasif)n were in pi-(>-
g-ress, Drunnuond was anxiously but fruitlessly urging Sir Gecji'ge
Prevost to reinforce the British forces in that (juartei' without delay.
His repeated warnings were to a very great extent unheede 1 b}' the
Governor, who had his attention fixed u]>on the numerous American
army massed upon the shores of Lake Champlain. Pencilled upon
the margin of Drummond's letter of June 21st, 1S14, exi)ressing his
firm belief that the main attack would be made on the Niagara, and
that the movement of troops towards Plattslmrg was sinjply a feint to
prevent reinforcements from being despatched from Lower Canada
to his assistance, there may be yet seen this significant memorandum
in the handwriting of his irritable su])erior: "Much obliged to
Lieut.-Gen. Drunnuond for his opinion, but it is entirely without
foundation." Thus Drunnuiaid was forced to rely for the time l)eing
upon the troo])S already in the Upper Province. As soon as naviga-
tion opened he reinforced General Riall with the 108rd regiment,
and a small company of marine ai-tillery. Even after the arrival of
these troops, the strength of the right division of the army in Upper
Cana<la, distributed from York (Toronto) to Long Point upon Lake

1. Albany Argus ; •!. Hubbard, Red Jacket, Hough Hi»;. St. Lawier.fo Co.

Erie did not much exceed 4,000 effectives of all arniH.* It was
deemed necesHary tor the })rotection of York and Burhngton agjiinst
a sudden descent hv water, to maintain an entire battalion at each of
those posts. Both flanks of the position on the Niagara were easily
assailable by an enemy having command of the lakes, ami the attack
upon the settlements at Port Dover had justly ai'ouserl General
Riall's aj)prehensions lest a strong force should be landed there and
gain his rear by the western road. Having undisputed command of
Lake Erie, an invading army might also be lande<l at Point Abino,
or Sugar Loaf, from both of which places ])racticable roads led to
the Niagara, and the successful j)ursuit of General Proctor the pre-
ceding autunni, as well as the recent inroads from Detroit, luul
demonstrated the possibility of the rapid advance of a body of
mounted men and litjht infantrv bv wav of the Thames. Therefore
it became necessary to watch all these routes to guard against sur-
prise. Lieut.-Col. Hamilton, with the head(|uarter wing of tlie lOOth,
was stationed at Dovei", and detachments of light infantry and
dragoons were posted at Delaware, Oxford, and the crossing of the
Grand River (Brantford.) The actual force available for the defence

•Weekly distribution ix-tiii-n of 22rid June, 1814.

FORT SIAOARA.

staff 21

Royal Artillery.

R. M. Artillery ;«

8th 1

100th.

Sick

H82

KORT OKORGE AND nEl'EN'DESClES.

19th Hra^foons 38

Provincial DragoonH 21

Roval Entfineers 1

Ro\ al Artillery 23

R. "M. Artillery 38

R. A. Drivers .. 3

Militia Artillery 2

1st Rnval Scots 762

103rd 140

Colored Corps 25

Sick.

. 106

yrKENSTON AND DEPENDENCIES.

19th Drajroons 9

Roval Artillery 4(i

R. A. Drivers 20

Ist Koval Scots. 222

Sick.

291

cmi'l'AWA AND DEPENDENCIES.

19th Dragoons 5

Koya". Artillery 11

Militia Artillery

R. A. Drivers 7

8th 459

Sick.

491

KORT KRIK AND DEPENDENCIES.

13 19th Dragoorfs 25

01-? sth.

Roval P^ngiiieere 1

Royal Artillery 12

1"?
165

LONO POINT AND DEPENDENCIES.

19th Dragoons 63

Provincial Dragoons 15

103rd 214

Kent Volunteers 47

Sick.

339
. 6

BCRUl.VOTON.

Provincial Dragoons 3

Royal Artillery 19

R. A. Drivers 17

103rd 417

Sick

450
23

YORK.

R. A. Drivers 11

Royal Artillery 13

Royal PZngineers 20

1st Royals 6

8th 4

4l8t 572

19th 1

9 llH)th 1

7 Royal Nfid 2

Incorporated Militia 406

Sick

1036
. 63

(

of the Xiaffara was thus i-e(hicetl to less than 2.800 ivouhii- solidcrs,
800 militia, aikd 150 Indians, distiilnitt'd alon<^ a frontier of thirty-six
miles, besides fui'nishin^ a garrison for Fort Niagara.' Sli«>ht field-
works had been constructe*! at Chippawa and Queenston, and a new
redoul)t built at IS'iapira to command the mouth of tiie liver. at iirst
named Fort Riall, but subsetpiently known as Fort MississauL;a.-
When these works aiul Forts Erie and Oeorjjfe were propei'ly ^'airi-
soned scaicely seven hundred men ivmained available for field
o])erations. Manv of the soldiers still nominally eti'eetive were so
enfeebled by disease, e.\i)osui'e, and fatigue in watching such an ex-
tended line, that they had really become unfit for active scrx ice. 'Die
.surgeon of the Nth I'econniiended that the battalion of that rea'inieiit,
then stationetl at Chi})])awa and Niagara Falls, should be innnediutely
removed, as the hospitals were full, and nearly every man in it had
been down with dysentery or intermittent fever witin'n twelve
months.'* The Roval Scots had suffered nearly as much in tl»e same
way. Wi'iting from Kingston to Sir George Prevost, Diuniuiunid
thus sunnned up the situation : "One of the best regiments is .shut
up in Fort Niagara, another decidedly inefficient, and a third exj)ected
to be sc> if compelled to take the Held.'^ Late in June hedetei'inined
to relieve the (Sth In' the 41st, and sent forward the Incoi'porated
Militia to the frontier, but was unable to remove the Royals as he
desired to do.

Deserters who came into the British lines agreed in rej)r('senting
that an attack was inn)iinent, and reported that the ai'dor of the New
York Militia had been much incivased by the distribution of hand-
bills announcing that the Emperor of the French had gained a great
victory near Pai'is, in which he had taken the sovereigns of Austria,
Pru.ssia, and. Russia, an<l 40,01)0 ])i'isoners. A sipiadronof nine armed
vessels had been assend>led at Buffalo, and the enemy were described
as collecting boats in Tonawanda Creek, with the intention, it was
conjectured, of crossing the river below (irand Island. A party of
Indians, under Captains C;ddwell and Elliott, was then sent out from
Fort Niagara in the h(jpe of penetrating tlieir designs, l)ut although
they i-anged the country for a dozen miles and burned a large' new
barracks upon Lewiston Heights, they failed to discovei* anything of
importance. Owing to this uncertainty respecting his enemy's in-
tentions, General Riall was obliged to retain the greatei' part of his
field force at Chippawa and Queenston, and leave his right wing com-
paratively weak. In Fort Erie there was a garrison of 125 men, veiy
ineffective from sickness. Colonel Pear.son, with a <letachment of
Lincoln Militia, the light companies of the Royals and 100th, watched

1. .lame^ '.
Prevost, July 4.

Capt. Martin to Prevost, July 3. 3. Druminond to Prevost, May 21. 4. Drumuiond to

tliu I'ivt'i' from its head to Cliippa'AH, wheiv five conipanien of the
100th were posted. The 103rd was at Burlinj^ton, the (Jlen^arry
Li^ht Infantry at York, and the (Sth had he^un its niarcii to Lower
Canada, in the hope of regajninj^ health. Botli in the Second Bat-
talion of the 41st and the lOHrd there were several companies of mere
bovs, and the majority of tiiese coriis were ho vouthfiil or otherwise
niefficient that they had been retained in garrison during the whole of
the previous year.

Manv of the disloyal inhabitants had fled from the Province
during the two preceding years; others had been taken into custody,
and most of those who refused to take the oath of allegiance were
sent into the United States. "It is but justice to say," Dnnnmond
remarked, " that by far the greater part of the inhabitants are well
disposed, and many have on vaiious occasions manifested their
loyalty to the. service by their actions in the field. Those chiefly
who liave shown an opposite disposition are such as from time to
time have crept into the Province fron«. the neighboring States and
settled on lands purchased from individuals."

A considerable nundier of the Lincoln Militia had been paroled
b}' the enemy during their occupation of portions of the district in
1813, and could not be again reijuired to serve during the war. The
general proposed to increase the Incoi-porated battalion to 000 men
by tlie draft of one-fourteenth of the male population capaVjle of bear-
ing arms. But he was decidedly opposed to the employmetit of the
remainder in military service, except when forced to do so by the
most imperative necessity. " I regret," he said, that our present
circumstances should render it necessary to call upon the yeomanry
of the country for their services in the field while their farms must
be neglected, especially when produce and provisions of every kind
have beconie very scarce and extravatjantly dear, and it is with
difficulty t)io coiumissariat are able to procure the necessary supplies.
These considerations would induce me most willingly to dispense with
the military for the domestic services of the militia if our regular
forces here were such as to enable me to do so."^

Of all these circumstances the enemy were fairly well informed.
A careful estimate in April placed the British regular force on the
Niagara frontier at 1,940 men.- Since the opening of navigation one
of their armed vessels had cruised day and night along the north
shore of Lake Erie, constantly landing and taking off spies.

At this opportune moment, the American army was skilfully
disendiarked under cover of the guns of a brig of war and two
schooners, without the slightest opposition, in two diviGfons, one

1. Letter to Lord Bathurst, March 20, 1814. 2. Niles* Register, 1S14 ; Royals. 780 ; 8th, 500 ; 4l8t,
300 ; Artillery, 160 ; Drajioons, 100 ; Colored Company, 100.

aVK)ve and the otluT a .short distance Itolow Fort Erie, at daybreak
on the .Si*il July. Their inoveiiients were veik'cl by a heavy l'o<^, and
a picket of the lOtli Draj^oons liad l)arely time to escape. The
regular force of the invadint; arnjy consi.sted of the J)th, 11th, IDth,
21 Ht, 22nd, and 25th United States Infantry, part of the 2nd Rifles,
a s(|uadron of cavalry, and f()U)*conipani(!s of artillery, nuinhering be-
tween four and five thousand of all ranks, and forming two brigades,
under (ienerals Scott and Ripley. The militia and Indians, compos-
ing a third brigade, under the comnu'Md of General Pcu'ter, it is
[irobable exceetled two thousand.' The t-ntire force was commanded
by Major-CJeneral Jacob Brown, formerly an officer in the New York
Militia, who had gained much celebrity among his countryujen by his
success, or rather his goo<l foi'tune, in the defence of Sackett's Harbor
the year before, and had been rewarded bv a connuission in the
United States army. His military knowledge was so slight that
General Wilkinson asserted that he was unable to post the guards of

1. Porter to Gov. Tompkins, 3rd July, 1814. Mr. Adams furnishes the following return, which, how-
ever, is evidently incomplete :

Monthly return, 30th June, 1814.

l8T. BRIOADE.

Present for Di

ity.

Atrvrregate

Present and

Absent.

642

0th

N. 0. O. and men.

332

416

Officers.
16
17
12
16
4

26
8
2

-!:

16
66
86
48

11th

.')77

22nd

25th ....

217

354

287
619

General Staff

2l8t

23rd

General Staff

1319
2SD RRIOADE.

e.-ii

341

2129

917
496

Towson's Company

Biddle's Company

902

IllNDMAN'8 BATTALION OF ARTILLERY.

89.

1415

101
104

Ritchie's Company

Williams' Company

138
78

Aitillerv

STRENGTH, IST JlLV, 1814.

330

413

1st Brii^ade

2nd Britrade

Porter's Brigade

1312

992

710

2122

1415

830

3344

160

4780

Although there is a general agreement among American historians in stating Brown's army at this
time at 5,000 men, Mr. Adams would have us believe that it did not exceed 3,600. Neither the dragoons,
bombardiers nor Indians are included in either of these returns, and if we can believe a confidential letter
from Gen. Porter, his brigade must have been more than twice as strong as represented in this return. On
July 3rd he wrote to Gov. Tompkins from Buffalo : " Gen. Brown has crossed the Niagara and taken Fort
Erie with its garrison of 120 men, without the loss of a man. I had 500 Indians and 150 mounted men
with me where Gen. Brown wished me to be at the time of crossing. The infantry I left at Batavia with
Col. Swift, to wait for stores. Mv whole force will be about 1000 volunteers and .500 Indians. The Pennsyl
vania Volunteers will increase this to above 2,000." Stone's command of mounted riflemen alone numbered
162.— Dot.v Hist., Livingstone County.

n t'jiin|) corivctly, Jind tol<l >i (|U('i'r Htory of his [)lantinjj^ a buttery in a
hollow For th«' ailvaiita^'c of elevating the t^uiiH to Hi*** at th«' hciifhts
ahiivf. Hut he was uiitlouhtcilly lii'a\c and ciicr^Ttie. Hipley was
another active [).)Iiticiaii, who had lu'cn siMviker of the MassaehnsettM
AsHenil)ly, Imt Scott and most of the Held oHici-is were professional
.soldiers.

Brown's instructions dii'ected him to foi'ce his wav to liuriin<2ton,
leavin;^; the forts at the mouth of the river on one side and severing'
their coimnunications with York. Havini; <;"ained the liead of the
lake, he was to await there the aiM'i\al of Commodore ('haunce\''s
siiuadron, when he ^^ as (dveii discretionarv auth(trit\' to invest and
I'educe till' liritisli forts or move directly upon Kingston, as circum-
stances miy;ht seem to direct.

The \iews and expectations of the Secretary of War are descrihed
in a letter to the President on the .SOth V])rii, in which he says: —
'■ Ei<;ht, or even six, thousand m«'n landed in the l)ay hetween I'oint
Ahiiio and Foi-t Krie and oj)ei"atino' either on the line of the Xiauara
or more dii'ectly, if a more direct route is found, against the British
])ost at the head of IJurlin^ton Bay, cannot he resisted witli effect
without compellin;;' the enemy so to weaken his nioi'i- east/rn posts as
to hiMUo- them within reach of our uieaiis at Sacketts Hai..»or and
Plattshurii'. "

In the letter. June 10, vrhich actually put Br.)wn's army in motion,
he informed that otlicer that tiie .Secretary (jf the Navy was of the
opinion that C'liaunceys s((ua(l. on would not he ready to co-o'it'rate
liefore the 15th July, lait. he added: " To o-ive, however, innnediate
occupation to your ti'oo])s, and to |>i-event their hlo )d from
staji-natinii", whv not take Fort Erie and its oarrison, stated at three oi'
four hundred men :* Land between Point Abino and Erie in the
night: as.sail the fort l)y land and water; push Ibrward a corps to
.seize the l)ridge at Chippawa : and be governed by circumstances in
either .stoiiping there or going fai-ther. Boals may follow and feeil
von. If the enemy concentrates his whole force on this line, as 1
think he will, it will not exceed two tliousand men.''

Not a shot had b(,*en tired while the invader.s were landing. Fort
Erie was immediately invested, and although ])runnnond had con-
fidently anticij-ated that an invading army would 1 e detained several
days before it, the ccnnmandant surrendered the same eveniuif. A
battalion of United States I'ifles, accomijanied by a stronfj' Yndv of
militia, appeared simultaneously upon Lewiston Heights, alternately
menacing Queenston and Fort Niagara.

Advancing to reconnoitre with his light trcops, Pearson found the
Americans posted in force upon the heiglits opposite Black Rock, and
next day he Avas steadily pushed back bj' their advance, destroying the

iterv ill a
V lu'ijflits

plt'V WHH

iiclmsctts
it'cssional

iriiii^iton,
st'Vi'riiiji'
(i nl" tlic
luiuiun-v's
iNt'st ami
H circ'uui-

(loHcrilted
e Hay.s : —
L'cii Point
Niunara
(• Hritisli
ith ctioL-t
11 ])i>sts as
u-Mir and

1 motion,
as of tlie
o-oneratt'
luniMliatt'
1(1 fioni
three or
in the
corps to
mces in

Ultl ft'i'il

ne, as I

;'. Foi't
lad con-
1 s;«nL'ral
lini)^. A
l)j(l\' (jf
eiiiatelv

)iuid the
lock, and
)ying the

l)ridi,'eH ujion the road as he retired. These wei-e rapidly rehuih \>y
his pui'siiej's, who eiicaiMpetl f<»i- the nioht within siy^ht of the Hritish
Held-woiks at Chippawa. (leneial Ihown was apparently well in-
f<»i'ined resj»ectin;^' the nioxcnients and innnhers of his ojtpnnent, I'oi-
he estimated that Kiall eonld not hrinu' niore than a thonsand men
into the field, and his advance was conducti'<| with the conHtlence en-
;;«'ndered l»y consciousness of an o\erwheImin;;' numerical superiority.
Althouii'h the march was a continual skirmish, his advance-^uai'fl was
])Ushed holdly onward, and hrnsheil the opposin;;- liy'ht troops out of
its path with ease, i'l'oclamations wei'eiiistrihuted amon^" the inhahi-
tantsa.ssurin;^ them that 'All ])ers(»ii^ deu'eanin^' themsehcs peaceahly
and pursuing' theii- privrite laisiness slwadd he ti-eated as friends."
.Major-( Jeneral Phineas Hiall, the Ihitish c(ainiiander. was an
otHcer oi" twt'nt\' vears stahdiu"''. \et had seen little actual warfare.
He is descrilied as a short, stout, near-sighted man, of an impetuous
temperament, and rashly hrave. Five companies of the Royals weiT
liurrietl forward hy him to ( 'hippawa. and a messa^^'e despatcheil for
the instant recall of the Sth. That hattali<tn had alrea<ly reached
York before it was overtaken. and did not ai-ri\«'at \ia,i;ara until the
mornine' of the oth. Riall was accordin;^'ly coiiipelled to await the
approach of the inva<lers at ('hipj>awa. instead, of assailini^theni upon
their march, as he had at first intend.ed. Keconnoitei'in<i' their nosition
on the mornine- of the 5th, he estimated tlieii- force in sieht at 2,()()()
men, and the <Sth ha\ine' come u]) al»out noon, he detei'iiiined to attack
them without Further delav. 'fhrouehout the mornini:- the Jh'itish
lie-ht troops and cavalrv were laisx'. Thev di'ove in a str'iii(>' i)ieket-
^•uai'd, captui'lui;' a wounded man and hesieeiny' the n-mainder in a
farm house until relieved. Parties of scouts j)assed (piiti' around the
American camp, and their reports in«luced the iK'liel' that the main
liodv of their armv had not vet come uit. Kiall had then thri'c skele-
ton battalions of infantry, numbering;' l.-SOO rank and tile, a ti"ooj) of
the l!)th Dragoons, six pi«'ces of Held ai'tillery, ^iOO Indians and about
the same number of Lincoln ^lilitia.^ In the meantime the Ameri-
cans in his front had been jcjined by Ripley's entire l)rieade and tlie
i^reater part of Porter's, and uow numbered nearly five thousand com-
batants, with nine e-uns. They had encamped 1)ehind Street's Creek,
a shallow stream less than twentv vards in width at its mouth, and
everywhere easily fordable. A tract of cultivated land in their front,
divided into fields by ordinary loy or brushwood fences, extended from
the river to dense woods on the left, a distance of less than half a
niile. Near the.Chippawa, a thin belt of trees stretched down almost
to the water's edge, partially concealing the movements of either ai-my
from the other.

1. I'liall to Druininond, .July 6.

Late ill tlic iiftrnioitii Uiall |>ii»\ukci| tlit- jittciitioii (»l" liis ikInci'-
siwy 1)\' ixishiii':' forwnnl a IftacliiiH-nt t»l" tli<' 2inl ami -W^l Ijiicoln,
iimltT Li('\it.-("«tl. Dickson, ami tin- whole lutdy nf ImliaiiM, Icil l»y ( 'apt.

.litliii Nnrtuii. to (K'iMi|»y tln' \v Is oil tin- Hank ol' liis position. l)io\\ n

|iroiii|itly <lfs]>atcln'<l m portion ol" I'ortcis lai^^atlr to <li'i\f tlicm hack.
Kiiuliiiij' tluit tlit'S' oH'rrt'd an olistinatr irsistaiicf, imd were escn
;;ainin;4' i;roun<l, he continiU'tl to supp(»i't I'orttT with IVcsh tntopM
until soiiif I.UOO militia anil Imliaiis were cii^a^i'il on his part. The
skirmish lasted liall' an Inair. in the usual Indian t'ashitiii, with a ;^n-eat
• leal of lirine' and \eiy little Idoodshed. when. peirei\ ine' themselves
outnumhered, the British Indians lunan to retii'i*. The three lieht in-
fantry eompaiiii's ol" ren'iilars wtii- then sent f'orwai'd to their assist-
anc-e. IJeine- well \-ei'sed ill this kind oi' wart"are from the exjierience
ot" former (.•amjiaiens, they concealed themselvt's in the thickets and
awaited the approach of the Americans until they ari'ixed within a
few N'ards. A sinele Iiea\ \' \ollev. nealiiie- throuji'li tlie woods, threw
them into utter confusion. They were, at the same time, Hercidy
assailed in Hank ly the militia and Nraton's Indians, and di'ivcu
ijuite tlirou;^h the ranks of the company of regulars foriiu'd in reserve
licyond Streets Creek, and di>l not rally until the 2.')tli V.S. Infantry
and a sipiadron of draeoons were sent to their suj)j)()rt. Scvei-al
prisoners, anionu' them three Held-orficers of the I'eiinsyhania rej^-i-
meiit ami a Cayuea chief, were taken, and fifteen Indians and a numher
of militia left dead on the field.' Le Fort, himself, was mortally
Wfjunded, and Dochstader. chief of tlie Oneidas. was aiiion<; the killed.
Towards tlie close of this contest Col. Dickson of the Lincoln
militia was w«auided and the connufind of his battalion, whieli
hail liehaved very eallantly and sustained a comiiaratively heavy loss,
dexolved on Major David Secord, a veteran of tlie Revolution. Mean-
while Hiall had pas.sed the Cliip})awa with his entire force, and a<l-
vanced tluve iiuns to eneaue the American artillerv, whidi had taken
up a position to command the road in their front. Ohservinf^ thi.s,
''cott's brigade defiled across the bridge, and deploying under lire with
.emarkalde steadiness and i)recision formed beyond the creek, while
Ripley forded the stream higher up ami ]>i-olonged their line of battle
t:) the I'dge of the woods. The British artillerv was pushed gradually
forward until within four hundivd yards of tluii" antagonistH, and
begun the action with great spirit. Three guns ot* Towson's battery
replied, but one of them was speedily dismounted, and the others
seemed in a fair way of beini; driven out of action, when one of the
British tumbrils was struck by a shell and blew up, disabling several
men and horses l»esides causing great confusion and depriving them
of much of their lixed ammunition. -

1. White, Lossiin;,', Stone. •_'. Capt. .Mackonoehie to Maj.-Cien. Glasifow, Auj;, 19.

s athcr-
i/niculii,
liv ( 'apt.
1)1 own
I'lii liack.
•re r\»'ii
li troops
It. Till'
li a^^i'cat
L'liiNclvcs
li^iit iii-
r assist-

pClMl'llCO

kcts and
witliin a

Is. tlll-t'W

, ticit'civ
I <1 riven
i\ re.siTve
Infantry
Several

na re^i-

nunilx'i"

lortally

' killed.

Lincoln

which

ivy loss,

j\lean-

and ud-

(1 taken

11^ tiiis,

ire with

\, while

battle

adually

(ts, and

)attery

others

of the

several

g- them

In conHeijnt'nct' of this unrortunatt' f\ciit (Icntial l!iall wa.s
(»l>li;^t'd to Itring forward his iid'antry iircmatun-ly to tln' rtlirf u|" the
nuns, which were thi'ii iiieiiacfd frMin tlir liyiit hy a hMttaiion of
infantry. l''oniiiiig' six coiii|iiniifs of the IIovm! Scots, and five coiii-
panit's of thi' JODtli into two columns, )>arall('l with each other, and
placing a liyht lii'M pii-cr in^ion each llank ami one in the inti'r\ il,
lie leil them in |M'rson against tin' ccutrt- of his oppoiit-nt's jiosition.
The JSth, t'lifcehlcd liy disease and Wearied I»y its long march, was
held in i-esei-ve. Kach of these l>,ittalit»ns, their liglit companies
having heen detached, numhereil less than four humhe'l lank and
lih'. Se )tt's brigade alon<' thus v^'vy matei-iall}' outnumlx'red the
force ahout to attack it.

I»y the time this formation had been com[>leted, the whole of the
American Held artilh-ry had l»eeii brought into action, and the Hritish
guns wei'e almost re(luced to silence. Their ])ieces were then shotted
with canister, and turne<l upon the advancing cohnnns, while the !»tli
and llth regiments, torming the wings of their line, wei'e wheeled
inwards and overIap])e<l them on either Hank.' As soon as the Ih-itish
approached within nuiski'tiy range they wei'e assailed by a Herce and
incessant fusilade. Losiui; hea\ilv at every step, the\' mo'. 'd
steadilv I'orwanl until within two hundre<l yards of their advei'sarie.-^.
when they received the commaml to charge. The field hei'e was
intersected by deep furrows and C(jvered with tall grass, which
srreatly imix'detl their movements and rendered their fo )tini>- uncer-
tain. Lieut. -C'ol. (lordon and the .Mar<|uis of Tweeddale fell des|)er-
att'ly wohnded at the head of their battalions. Nearly exery Held-
officer was struck down. The men fell in heai)s under the scathing
Hre of the enemy. As they moved forward the American artillery
literally tore great ,gaps thi'ough their ranks, which fta' some time
were steadily closed ui). But Hnallv the survivors were invohcd in
inextricable confusion, and began to straggle to the rear when within
about eio'hty yards of the enemy's i)osition. Kiall exposed himself
recklessly, and yet esca])ed unhurt, altho\igh his clothing was ])ierced
with several bullets, but all his efibi'ts tore-form the ranks in tlie face
of that murderous Hr<' were miavailing. The Nth was brought up to
cover the retreat, wiiich was accomplished in tolerable order, as the
Americans showed little inclination to follow up their advantage.
M(jst of the deiid and many of the severely W(junded were left
upon the Held, and the guns were removed only by the gallant exer-
tions of s«)me troopers of the lJ)th Dragoons, who attached their own
horses to the carriages, and ro<le oli' with them in the teeth of tlie
enemy.

The easy triumph of the Americans was mainly due to the

1. Major Hiiidnnn to Gen. Brown : Lossiny;.

smmm

.\<

excellent practice of their artillery, althouo-h their great superiority in
numbers was no doubt an important factor in their success.^ Judging
fr(^m its loss, Ripley's brigade was scarcely engaged, and Porter's, as
we have seen, was beaten entirely out of action at a very earl}' period.
Their loss was variously stated, and ju'obably did not exceed f<jur
hundred of all ranks. Col. Campbell, the destroyer of Port Dover,
was mortally wounded. Op the other hand. General Riall lost up-
wards of five hundred, of whom two-lifths were killed or missing.
Of nineteen ofHccrs of the 100th who went into the action, fourteen
were killed or disabled, with one hundred and ninety non-conniiis-
sioned officers and men. Only 14() unwounded men of this battalion
returned from the field. Lyons" comp.iny, posted on the extreme left
of the line and directly in fr(jnt of the enemy's principal battery, went
into action with thirty-five officers and men, of whom only .six escaped
unhurt.-

The seven companies of the Royals sufiered still more severely,
eleven oificers and two hundred and seven rank and file l)eing returned
as killed, wounded and missing. Altoo;ether these two battalions lost
four hundred and twenty-two officers and men out of a total of only
nine hundred and fifty. Among the killed was Ca])t. Bailey, who had
greatly distinguished himself at the assault of Fort Niagara. On the
whole, Riall's foi'ce was reduced by more than one-third.^ The loss
sustained 1 tj' the Lincoln ]\Iilitia indicates that they fought with eijual
stubbornness. Six officers and forty men were returned as killed or
wounded out of 1 10 actually engaged. Captains John Rowe, formerly
a sergeant in Butler's Rangers, and George Turney, the son of a
veteran officer in the same corps, wei-e among the slain.

Two days later the British general was compelled to destroy his
Avorks and abandon his position upon the left bank of the Chipjiawa
in consequence of a turning movement directed against his right fiank.
The redoubt at Queenston was likewise evacuated, and he leisurely
retired ui)on Fort Georw. He had already been deserted 1)V nearly
the whole of his Indians, and by many of the militia, who were
alarmed for safety of their families.^ 'hey were directed to collect
their cattle and re-assendile at Burlington, which most of them suc-
ceeded in doing. Already pro\'isions had Ijegun to fail and the gar-
risons were placed on half allowance. Parties were sent out to scour
the country and drive cattle into Fort George nnder the guidance of
twenty officers of the Lincoln i-egiments. The invading forces ad-
vanced to the summit of Queenston Heights, whence they menaced
the British position. Here they remained perfectly inactive for
several da^'s. On the night of the 12th Major Evans advanced with

'. »'

1. Wilkinson's Menioii-s.
Druninjond, July 8.

2. Ridout Lettera. Z. Drununond to Prevost, July 13 4. Riall to

6 •

Sadlier's company of the Sth, numbering only thii'ty-four rank and
tile, to reconnoitre their outposts, in the hope of talcing a few ])ris-
oners. His retreat was intercepted l>y Cieneral Swift, of the New
York Militia, with one hundred and twenty volunteers, who was also
upon a scouting expedition, and a sharp skirmish took place, in which
Evans lost six men and the Amencan leader was killed.^ The move-
:aents of his opponent next morning led Riall to believe that an
attempt would be made upon the depot at Burlington, and having
increased the ijarrisons of the three forts at the mouth (jf tlie river to
l,55-l- eifectives,* he resumed his retreat towards the head of the lake
with only (S8() officers and men of all arms, while the Amei'icans at
Queenston were tiling minute-guns for their dead general.- The
same day Colonel Henry Sc(>tt a<lvanced from Burlington with six
hundred of the 108rd, leaving the two boy-companies and some in-
vali<ls and militia in garrison there, and joined Riall at the Twenty
Mile Creek, where the united force encamped upon the heights.

The prospect of a successful defence of the forts, if resolutely
attacked, was not assuring. Fort George possessed no means of re-
sisting an assault beyond a single bad row of ])ickets, and certainly
could not have repelle<l the force under General Brown's command bad
he ventured to attack it. The others could then be easily reduced in
succession by bomlianlment.'^

For more tlian a week Brown lingered on the brow of Queen-
.ston "mountain," giizing anxiously o\it u])on the blue waters of the
lake Ik.'Iow, in the vain hope of catching a glim]_)sc (jf Chauncey's
S([uadron speeding to his assistance. From time to time his coluunis
wound down into the plain and crept within distant cannon-shot of
the batteries of Fort (Jeori>-t',and as often retired to their tents a^'ain
without accomplishing anything. During all this time they di<l not
even succeed inestal>lishinfj an etiectivel)lockade of the Britisli works.
Upon one occasiim two Biitish fieM-guns galloped out of Fort
George and shelled tlieir rear-guard, and the same day five of their
cavalry videttes were surprised and carried off by militia lurking in
the woods alono; their line of march. The wiauen and children in the
farm houses and fields by the wayside consi)ired to mislead and battle
the detachments sent in pursuit.

iVEean while a levy en vmL^^a of the militia from Long Point to the
Bay of Quinte had been proclaimed, and in a few days Kiall was
joined by upwards of a thousand men of diti'erent battalions, "many
of them tine serviceable fellows," but bjuljy armed and un<lisci})lined.
A goodh' number of these marched in from the Londi^n disti'ict.
Those who had temporarily deserted him rapid'y recoxered from their

1. Evans to Riall, .Inly i;J. -J. Royals, ;j'J(i ; Sth, :J(H1 ; Iiutorporatert Militia. 310 ; three (i-pounders, one
5Jinc'h liowitzer, Hiall to Drunmioncl, .luly l.i. 'i Hiall to Dmmniond, July 12.
'Fort George, 7.'i3 ; MisHassanga, 404 '; Nia);ara, 047 ; sick, l-.i4.

«i

pjiiiic, niid n coiisitlerable iiuinl)C'r of strao-n-lers was cut off by thcin in
the ^icinitv of Queciiston Jind St. Daviils, ami iiiaiiy desi'i'ters were
hvo\\\A\i into the J3ritisli lines. On the other hand, the course of the
American militia and Indians was marked l>y pillage and rapine.
"Tlu! whole population is a^-ainst us,"' wnjte 31ajor ]\IcFarlan<l of the
2^>rd U. S. Infantr^^ "Not a foraoinuf r^arty i>'oes out but is tii'ed on,
and fre(iuentl3' returns with diminished numbers. This state was to
ha^ e been anticipa.ted. The militia and Indians have plundered and
burnt everything." Much t(; theii- surprise they found that the
Canadian militia were still " fervent beyond parallel in the cause of
their kin(>' and country." Willcocks' battalion of Canadian refunfees
eagerly seized the opportunity of wreaking sunnnary vengeance upon
their loyalist enemies. Old men and boys were sent as ]:)i-isoners to the
United States, and women maltreated. Their example was enuilated
by Colonel Stone s connnand of niounted riflemen, branded as "licensed
plunderers " by General Kiall. It was even confidently assei'ted that
a nund)er of silver spoons were found in General Swift's pocket after
his death, which he had taken fi'om a neigbboring farm house less
tlian one hour befoie.

Before crossing the river, Gen. Brown had intimated that he ex-
pected to be in a position to invest Forts George and Missassauga on
the lOth of July. This eniiauemeiit he miiiht have fulfilled to an
hour had the American fleet Ijeen in sight. Contrary to the advice
of his engineer officers, he deemed it necessar}' to wait for siege-guns,
and wrote an urgent despatch to hasten their arrival. But his letter
found Connnodore Chauncey sick in bed, and that prudent conunander
positively refused to allow the next senior officer to take his ships to
sea.

The parti.'Can Avarfare dail^' grew keener. On the loth an Ameri-
can wagon train aa.-is attacked at (^)ueenst<jn, and the greater part of
it destroyed. On the following night an outpost at Foi't Erie was
cut off to a man. Next day the militia sui'prised and took a cavalry
picket in St. I)avi<ls, Willcocks himself having a iiarroAV escape, an<l
another party nearly cajitured ^lajor Mallory at Beaver Dams. On
the liStli, when the main bo<l\' of the American arnn' was reconnoi-
ti'ing Fort George, they again dashed into St. Davids and Queenston,
making more prisoners. These incidents so exasperated the invaders
that upon the litth they l)U)"nt the entire village of St. Davids, con-
taining some thirty or forty houses, alleging, proljably with truth,
that the inhabitants had })artieipate<l in the attack on their wagons
antl had killed an oificer of drau'oons. This was followed ui^ by the
destruction of everA* dwellinn' l)etween (3ueenston and Niaoara Falls.
These proceedings were attended by such re\'olting coiuluct on the
part of their militia under Colonel Stone, that Major McFarland, who

(

.< •

was sent to cover their retreat, declared that lie would have rcsioiK-d
liis conniiissioii if the eoimuandini;' otheer li;id not hcci) dismissed from
the t'.ervice.

Having been joined by several companies of the Gleng-arr}' LioJit
Infantr}' from York, under the evei'-active Fitz^^ibljon, Riall ad-
vanced the same day to Ten ^lile Creek with his left wing, composed
of militia and Indians, extending as far as DeCew's Falls, and men-
acing the rear of the i\.merican position hy way of Lundys Lane.
The entire male ])opulation immediately tlew to arms, an<l joined him,
actuated bv a si)irit of intense hostility towards the invaders. His
U)uts found their way into St. ])a\ ids, (^)ueenston, rn<l even Ciiippawa.
harassing the enemy's pickets, and picking up stragglers. His ajjpi'e-
hensions were, however, at the same time, aroused 1»\' m\'sterious
negotiations on the part of his Indians with their kinsmen in the
American service, and a raid from Detroit upon the defenceless settle-
ment at Port Talltot, which was ruthlessly destroyed, compelled him to
detach the Oxford battalion of militia and .some Indians in that
direction, as a precautionary measure.^ On the 20th, leaving aljout
300 men in possession of the abandoned I'edoubt (Mi (^hieenston
Heights, Brown advanced with the remainder of his army within two
miles of Fort George, where he encamped and began to collect
materials for siege l)atteries. He appeared to ha\e entertained the
hope that by his movement, the Ki'itish commander might Ite induce<l
to hazard another enirao-ement with inferior numbers to relieve the
garri.son. Two days later Riall succeeded in concentratnig ni advance
of Twelve Mile Creek 1,700 regular trocjps, including the (ilengarry
Light Infantry and Incorporated ^lilitia, 700 Lincoln ^Iilitia,an<l an
e(]ual number of Indians, in readiness to pounce upon the Hank ami
rear of his adversary should he attemi)t the actual investment of the
forts. Fort Georw was then <''ai"i"i'^"iit'd bv 400 of the Roval Scots
and 2()0 of the 100th, Fort Missassauu'a bv 21)0 of the Nth, a comi)anv
of negro volunteers, and a few artillerymen and artificers, making an
aggregate of 400 persons, while Fort Niagara was occupie(l by 550
men of the 41st, and h'fty artillerymen. Nearly one-fourth of the
garrisons were, however, upon the sick list, and many others too young
to be of nuu'h ser\ ice.-

Deserters from the American army came into the Bi'itisl. lines
every day, and from them it was ascertaineil that Geiiei'al Brown had
been joined by considerable reinforcements since the action at Chip-
pawa, and that he bnjught ovei- nearly the whole of his supplies from
Lewiston, where he had collected many boats, thus avoiding the
necessit}" of pi-eserving an uninterrupted line of connnunications with
Fort Erie. Reconnoitring tlie same afternoon with thirt}' picked

1. Riall to Druminond, July 17 ; Il)ifl, July It). •> Riall to Druniiuond, July IT ; Iliid, July -l-l.

men, Captain Fitzgililton olitnined an excellent view of his entire
army spread t>ut in the plain below, from the summit of Queenston
Heights. As he watched their movements their tents were struck,
and their retiring colunnis tilled the I'oads, extending from De
Puisaye's house, within gun-shot of Fort George, without a break to
the village of Queenston, a distance of more than five miles. Linger-
ing too long in his covert, he was discovered by their light troops, and
hotly pursued almost to the British outposts upon the Ten Mile
Creek. ^ That night the American army again encamped at Queen-
ston, the British advance-guard was pushed forward to Four Mile
Creek, and conniiunication with the garrisons re-established.

The sudden retirement of the invading forces is said ta have
been caused by intelligence that the militia of the Province was rising
cii hi((Kse with the intention of cutting off their retreat. The next
morning General Brown received a despatch from Sackett's Harbor,
informing him that the American s([Uadron was still closely blockaded
there, and he innnediately retired behind the Chippawa. Relinijuish-
ing all hopes of co-operation on the part of the fleet, he stated that
his intentions were to disencundoer his army of all unnecessary bag-
gage, and luiA'ing lulled his antagonists susjjicions by his abrupt retro-
grade movement, to make a rapid march upon Burlington.- He en-
tertained no doubt of his ability to cope with the British army in the
field and to march in anv direction throuu'h the countrv, but had based
his ho])es of reduciuii' the forts entirelv on the arrival of Chauncev's
sijuadron with heavy artillery. UntV)rtunately for the success oi tliis
plan, Sir Gor<lon Drunnnond arrived the same day at York, bringing
with him from Kingston 400 of the second l)atta.lion of the cSfJth,
under that sturdy soldier. Colonel Jose{>h Warton ^lorrison, who had
won tlie hard-fous,dit battle at Chrvsler's farm the autunni before.
The two Hank companies of the 104th, completed by volunteers to tlie
nund)er of sixtv rank and hie each, had already been sent forward to
strengthen Rinll, under tlie command of their fiery-hearted Lieutenant-
Colonel, his nephew, William Drunnnond of Keltic. Furthei" rein-
forcements, consisting of the Regiment De Watteville and detach-
ments of other coi'ps, were likewise on the way from Kingston, leav-
ing that important post almost without a gairison.

One of Drunnnond's tirst acts was to order the discharge -of all
the very young, as well as the old and weakly nnlitiamen, with the
double object oi relieving the strain upon his supply of provisions
and setting them at liberty to gather their hay. Learning that the
Americans had established their base of supplies at Lewiston, he im-
mediately embarked the >Si)th in the two armed vessels, Stdr and
Cluirwell, leaving York garrisoned by only a few invalids, with instruc-

I. Riall to Drummond, July 22. 2. Blown to .Vrmstroni;, Auj;. 7.

'10

•r

...

tioiis to proceed directly to tlie mouth of the Xiaj^oira. Upon its
arrival, Lieut.-Col. Tucker --vas instructed to draft two-tiiirds of the
garrisons from the different forts, making, with the cSOth and flank
companies of the 104th, a body of about 1,500 men, and at day-break
on the 25th to assail the batteries the Americans were said to have
begun near Youngstown, while (Jeneral Riall was directed at the same
time to advance towards 8t. Davids for the purpose of distracting the
attention of their force in Canada and preventing then>. from sending
reinforcements across the river. A bold and successfid stroke
at then- de I Kit oi supplies, he argued, would seriously )t'0})ardize the
position of the invaders, while he explicitly stated that he di<l not
M'ish to risk an engagement upon the left bank of the river until the
remainder of his reinfoi'cements came up, when he confidently ex-
pected to finish the campaign at a blow.^

Rial], too, admonished by the check he had received at Chippawa,
pronoiniced strongly against meeting the enemy again in the field
until the reinforcements already on the march, consisting of three
stroi^g battalions of i-egidar troops, had arrived, which he hoped
wouht "create such a force as to render the enemy's discomfiture and
•annihilation complete."- But the merest accident compelled them to
fight at a disadvantage in defiance of their ccjnvictions.

Late on the afternoon of the 24th, DiMuumond himself went on
board the schooner Xefl('}/,im{] set sail for Niagara with the intention
of assuming the command of the forces in the field. He was then in
his forty-third year, an active, V»ra\e, resolute, and skilful soldier, who
had seen war in Egypt, Holland, and the West Indies, during a
(puirter of a century of uulitary life. He had l»een selected for a
connnand in Canada by the Duke of York on account of his "zeal,
intelligence and local knowledge." The same authority designated
General Riall as "an active and intelligent young man." They Avere
nobly supported bv many brave and skilful officers. Colonel Scott
had served under Aberci'oml»y in Egypt and under Wellington in
India. Harvey, Morrison, and Pearson had repeatedly distinguishetl
theu'selves in the preceding campaign. Few men in that fighting age
could lead a charge better than Drunnnond of Keltic.

When he arrived in the mouth of the river at daybreak next
morning, he learned that the situation had materially changed.
(Jeneral Brown had retired to Chijjpawa, and Riall had taken advan-
tage of this fact to push forward his brigade of light troops the night
before, to seize the important strategic position near Niagara Falls
commanding the junction of Lundy's Lane with the Portage Road,
with the intention of sujiporting it that morning with the whole of
his division. At nightfall on the 24th, the disposition of the British

1. Harvey to Tucker, July -23. 1. Kiall to Diiimmond, July 12.

i I'

I f.!

forces was thr Followiii;;': — Tlic Fii'st Hriii'tuk'. C'olont'I Hereuk's Scott
coimiiiUi<liniJ', coiHiJOst'd of a (k'taclniiciit of tlic l!>tli Liiiiit Drau'ooiis,
half a l)attalion of the Stli, ami seven companies of the lOMrd, with
two ()-poun<l field-guns, lay at Twelve Mile Creek: tlie Second
Brigade, Lient.-C'olonel Tucker, consisting of half a hattalion of the
Royal Scots, half a l)attalion of the (Sth, the second battalion of the
41st, and a wing of the 100th, with a detachment of the lio^'al Artil-
lery in charge of two 24-p()und and two (J-pound tield-pieces, occupied
the forts at the mouth of the river, and had just been jcjined by
Colonel ^lorrison with his detachment (jf the <S()th : the Third, oi-
Light Brigade, Lieut. -Col. Pearson, was made up of u troop of the
IDth, Major Lisle, the light companies of the <Sth and 108rd, the
Glengarry Light Infantry, and the Licorporated Militia, encamped at
Four Mile Civek : the Fourth Briga<le, Lieut.-Col. Parry, consisting
(jf three battalions of emitodied militia, and a body of Indians, formed
the right wing of the British line, stretching along the Twelve Mile
Creek as far as DeCew's Falls, while the Hank and four battalion-
companies of the Royal Scots, and four battalions of endjodied militia,
with thi'ee ()-] ounders and a hoM'itzei', were held in reserve under
Lieut.-Col. John (Jordon. This .seems a formidable force on paper,
but the Royals, (Sth and 100th, were mei'e skeleton battalions. The
latter could muster but one ca]>tain, three subalterns and 250 elective
men, while the others Avere very little stronjj'er. Tlie militia reo-i-
ments were weak in nund)ers, and miserabl}' armed and e(|uipped.
Altogether there were about 4,000 men scattered o\'er thii'ty miles of
country, but capable of being concentrated at a few hours' notice to
resist the advance of the enemv.

On the evening of the 2.Srd the whole of Ckaieral Brown's army
once more encamped in the plain between Street's Creek and the
Cliippawa, but a battalion of riflemen and a regiment of militia were
still posted on Lewiston Heights, having their pickets advanced as
far as Youngstown. Their principal magazine of supplies had, how-
ever, been remove*! to Schlosser.

At midnio'ht Colonel Pearson received orders to advance with his
brigade, iuind)ering about 800 of all ranks, and by seven (jclock (jn
the morning of the 25th he had taken possession of the high ground
at Lundy's Lane without encountering the slightest opposition. In
the course of its march this detachment was animated b}' the spectacle
of two stout-hearte^l countrywomen lirinii-inii' in an American soldier
Avhom they had disarmed and made prisoner.^

Instructions had been issued to Colonel Scott to move upon the
same point from Twelve Mile Creek at three in the morning, but
these orders were subse([Uently countennanded, and his brigade

]. Xaiiative of Col. Jas. McQueen.

•'

•I

reiiiaine<l in tht'ir ([tiai'tfrs until ai'trrni)..n. In tin- CDursc of tlie
niornino- Riall rt)ile forward, aecDnipanicM] only I'V Lieut. -Col. Druiii-
niond and a .small cscoi-t. and joined l^earson.'

These niovt'inents induce(l au inniiediate clianuc in Drunmiond s
plan of operations. Colonel Mori'ison. with tlie Nilth, a detiiehnient
of the Royals, Lieut. Hemphill, and another of tlie iSth, Captain
Cam])l)ell, two 24-j)oun(l hi-ass tield-pieces, Lieut. Tond\ins and a ]iai'ty
of rocketeers luxler Sergeant Austin, was directed to march hy way
of (,^)ueenston to the su])port of (ienei'al Riall at Lun<ly's Lane, while
Lieut.-Col. Tucker, with 500 men of the Rovals and 41st, an<l some
Indians, advanced alone' the other hank upon Lewiston, accompaniei]
upon the river by a nund>er of hoats. manned In' se;uiien under Caji-
tain Alexander Dol)bs. Tucker's cohnnn arrived at Lewiston al)out
noon, and dro\e out the ^'arrison after a tritline- skirmish, eapturine'
a hundred tents and a small (piantity of other stores. The lieht
company of the 41st and the detachment of the Royals were then
brouo'ht over to Queenston and added to Morrison's column, increas-
ing it to about 800 officers and men.

After a brief halt the march was resumed, and towards six
o'clock a dragoon rode up in haste to meet (Jeneral Drummond. who
was near the rear of the column an<l still several miles from his
destination, bearinii' a me.ssan'e fi'om Riall, which stated that tin.'
enemy was advancing in gi'eat force against his position. I pon
receiving this alarming intelligence the general rode rapidly forward,
nnd on reaching Lundy's Lane, to his intense surprise and (lisap[)oint-
ment, instead of finding the ground occupied by (Jenei'al Riall's entire
division, as he expected, he disccnered the light In'igade alone retiring
in the face of the enemy, the head of whose columns was already
within a few hundred yards of the crest of the hill, and the woods on
either side of the roful swarming with their I'iiiemen. The narrow
road in the rear leading to Queenston was choked by ^Iorrison"s ad-
vancing cohnnn, which had just come into view, and retrc>at was in a
manner im})o.ssible without liazarding disaster. Drummond's resolu-
tion was ])ronip-tly taken. He at once countei'mande<l the movement,
and ordertd up Lieut. Tomkins with his tW(,'nty-four pounders, to
hold the Americans in check until the remainder of the troops could
come up and form.

Shortly after his arrival at Lundv's Lane, Pea r.son had despatche-l
Ca[)tain W. H. Merritt with a few Provincial di'agri;ons to reconnoitre,
and the entire American arm}' was discovered quietly encamped be-
yond, the Cliippawa. When General Riall came up. he sent ott' an
orderly with a message, directing the advance of Cohjiiel Scott's
brigade and a p<jrtion of the reserve, li-a\ing the main body- of the

1. Letters of Veritas.

militia and Indians still encamped near the Twelve ^lilc Creek.

In the course of tlu afternoon General Brown learned that the
British had advanced in considerable force alonji;; the right bank of
the river, and had taken possession of Lewiston, and were then sup-
posed to be advancing upon Schlosser. He had sent most of his bag-
gage away, reserving only one tent to every ten men, and obtained a
good supply of provisi(jns from beyond the Xifigara. His men had
been refreshed by two days' rest, the Britisli force was divided, and
hel)elieved the favorable moment for executing his movement towards
Burlington had arrived. The force that luid appeared at Lundy's
Lane was reported by his scouts to consist entirely of light troops and
militia, sent forward, it was conjectured, for the purpose of watching
his movements and ]ncking uj) stragglers. His entire division was im-
mediately placi.Ml under arms, and at four o'clock (Jeneral Scott, with
his own brigade, acc(jmpinned by Towson's company of artillery with
three iiuns, and the whole bodv of cavali'V and mounted rifiemen, was
directed to march upon Queenston, and if he encountered the enemy
in force to report the fact at once, when he would be supported by the
entire division.

Near Table Rock there stood a suiall tavern kept by a ^Frs.
Wilson, which had escaped the general devastation of the frontier.
As the head of Scott's column approached this house, several British
officers were observed to come out and mount their horses. Some of
them instantly gallo!)ed oft' and disappeared behind the belt of woods
bevond, but one elderly man halted in the middle of the road, and
coolly surveyed their movements until they had come within short
musket-sliot, when he saluted a part}'' of American officers riding in
front, an<l rode rapidly after his com]janions. They found the land-
huly nervous, but connnunicative. She expressed her regret that they
had not advancetl with greater speed, as they miglit have easily
captured the whole of her late guests, and estimated General Riall's
force, which she descriljed very circumstantially, at double its actual
strength. The sound of numy bugles was heard in and beyond the
woods, and Scott at once despatched a statt'-officer to demand instant
reinforcements.^ The remainder of the American army beijig ah'eady
under arms, it was inniiediately put in motion.'-

The exact strength of Brown's divisi(m at that date is difficult to
to ascertain. He adnntted the loss of 820 officers and men in the
action at Chippawa, but it has been statetl to have been considerably
greater by a friendly writer.^ Forty or fifty more had been killed or
taken in skirmishes since : a small garrison had been left at Fort Erie,
and a detachment sent to Schlosser. He had been three weeks in

1. Dou|!riass' Keminiscences.
310 wounded, 1!) ini^jsiiig

Brown to Armstrong', Aujf. 7. 3. Paris M. Davis yiuts it at 60 killed,

Canada, and his W^vcv must naturallv liavc brcn ivdnccd 1)\' the disease
and t'ati^'ue incident to a eanipai;;-!! in the field. His re<jjular reei-
ments liad heen considerably <liniinished by desertion, no less tlian
six deserters hayiny,' come into the British lines in a sinele day, while
his militia had probably siitiered in a still ureater den-ree from the
.same cause. He distinctly stated that the ^yhole of his Indians had
left him.^ On the other hand, a \vell -informed ^yriter asserts that a
number of them ^yul•e still servinfj ^yith his arm\' as scouts."-

On the other hand. too. he had receiyed considei'able reinforce-
ments. As so(jn as it was known that lie ha<l passed thi' Niagara,
troops were put in motion from Detroit, Ohio, and iSaekett's Harlior,
to support him. A letter in tlie Baltiinorc Pat riot, date<l July 12th,
relates that upon the day after the action at Chi])j)awa he was joined
by about one thousand men from Buffalo, regulars, yolunteers and
Indians, amon^* them Captain Scone s mounted riflemen, KJO stron^'.
On July H)th, deserters who arriyed in the Bi'itish camp reported
that 700 men had just crossed oyer from Lewiston.'* This reinfoive-
ment was composed of detachments of the 1 Ith, 22d and 2-Sd rei;i-
ments ^ Rumors of disaster hayini; become current before intelli-
jxenee of the battle had been actually receiyed, the editor of Xlhs'
Register, published in Baltimore, took occasion to oViserye in the issui*
of July 30th : "General Brown has receiyed some handsome reinforce-
ments from Buffalo, and there is no reason to belieye he cannot main-
tain his OTound for some time." The most autlioritatiye eyidenc<' an
the su1)ject, howeyei', is to be found in a pamphlet published by (Gen-
eral Ripley in 1<S15, yindicating his conduct, which has now become
very rare. It contains an official return showino-the effectiye strength
of the two brigades of infantry upon the 2od July to have been l.S(J
officers and 2,(520 non-conniiissioned officers and priyates.'' Upon the
24th we are informed that 100 of the 22d Infantry undei- Lieut.
Guv, and 220 of the 1st under Colonel Nicholas, who were not
included in this return, arri\ed from Fort Erie. Then he sujiplies a
second return, showing the effective strength of Portei's brigade upon
the 80tli July, five days after the action, to have been 01 officers and
538 rank and file, and that of the artillery on the .same <late, 12 offi-
cers and 2()0 rank and file." The loss of these corps in the action,
according to the official publishe<l return, was 112 of all ranks, lait
this certainly does not include loss from desertion and straggling,
which, in a militia force especially, is commonly very great after a
reverse. This, however, giyes a grand total of 4,0o!) officers and men.
The general staff, drago(,)ns, mounted infantiy, and a detachment of

1. Brown to Armstrong. July 23 2. Clark, Oiioiida;rn. 1> ^lio. 3. Riall to Dnininioiid. .July 17.
4 Interesting account by a musician. ."■>. 1st Briirarie. 84 otticers, 14-22 N. C. <». and privates ; 2d Brii^ade,
52 officers IKK) N. 0. O. and privates.— Return signed l)y S. Gritflth, A. A. O t>. J. L. Thomson states
the strength of the artillery engaged at 3(37.

;{()

cum'iiiei'rs, still rciiniiu t<» lir at'couiitt'd t'tir, l>ut (»t' tlu'sc no ivtui'iis
ai'f availnltlc Making iliic alluwaiiet; for tlicsc and the ))rol>»il)le
iiU'lt'i'statfiiicHt of tlic loss of tilt' militia hriij-adi-, it is safe to sav
that lirowii liad undci' arms on tin- cNi'iiini;' of the Llotli of .Iidy at
least 4. .")()() of all ranks, of wlioiii u|)\vards of ;{..")()() were rt'ouJarH.
A cfitain proportion probably wen- detailed for camp service, hnt
after makini;' a reasoiiaMe dednetion for this, he still mnst haxc heeii
alile to ln'in;;' iiio)v than 4, ()()() men intt» action, with nine pieces of
Held artiliei'V, three of which were iN-poundei's, an«l one a r>J,-inch
howitzer, in facta letter dated at Buffalo next day, j^dvinL^ a \ ery accu-
rate acc(»unt of the hattle, states his force en^'a^vd at precisely that
numher.^ In artillery he [)ossesse(l a dcided pi-ejionderanci' from the
hci-iiniinu' of th»' action, an adNantau'e which was onlv ))artialh' conn-
terhalanced hy the excellence of the position occui)ied hy tlu.' Iji'itish

<L;'uns.*

Lea\in;i'' the Queenston I'oad at nearly a riii'ht aui^le, Lundv';i
Lane followed a course almost due west for aliout hfdf a mile, thence,

1. Ponlson's Anu'ricnii.
' Mi'. Adams, in m.iny re^-jifi-ts oni- of 'he fairt'st and iiio-^t iMiiiistakiii^' of .Vnu'iican historians,
attt'injils to sliow that (Jen. Hro«n liad Imt •.;,'!44 ttft'ctixt' tiu'n at Chippawa on Ihi- •^.'tli .liit_v. He ac-
loiiipIisliL's tliis tiy Itavin;; out of cu'i'onnl all tlif otticeis, tlif whole of the 1st feninient, the dragoons and
mounted infant i.v, detaclnnents of the 17lh, I'.ith. 'J'Jnd, an<i titles, and all details for duty of an.v kind
which would (irevent a man fioni lieinjr actimll.N on the ]iaiade-j;ioui]d at roll-call. He also reckons the
stren^ith of the artiller.v and I'oiter'si liriL;a(le a- it stood in the reinrn of the ;iiith .lul.v. The .Vnierieaii
returns cited are niisleadin;.' in this wa.\ , that " jiresent for dul.v " actuall.v means " ]nesent under ann.s,"
oniittiny: all guards, piikets, escorts, workinir parties — fre(|iientl.v one third of the strtnuth and the
"au';,'rei;ate i)resent and alisent " includes sick men, those on coniniaii<l, etc. However, the follow in;; re-
turn, exhumed i).v iiitn, is not without xahie :

Strcn^rth of 1st liri^ade, I'ort ICric, ;ilst .luly, ISU.

nth

■l-2ui\

•Jalh ,.

(Jeneral Stalf

rresent for Du'

Awi't'jrate

Present and
Ahsent.

X. C. U. and

men.

Officers.

lait

509

•2'Xi

624

•21S

408

•2^>rt

7
4

676
4

!)(I.T

Lind nri''ade.

1st

■Jlst

■i;in\

(ieueral Staff

141
441
•2«2

4i>

•JO

5174 4-2

Monthly return of troops under Gen. Brown, F'ort Erie, 31st Jul.v, 1814.

Ronihardiers, etc
Li;;ht Dratroons
.\rtiller.\ Corjis .
First Hri^fade . .
Second Uriirade . .

241

!:<).')

874

12
411
42

2281

220
840
718

1780

80 1
2281
1780

4.')04

2125 '.)7

It is (juite prtposteious to suppose that Gen. Brown would have afflrined his ahility to march in any
direction over the country and to conquer Upper Canada within two months if he had only 2,0(H( men at
!ms coinniand. His despatches hefore Lundy's Lane all hear the stamp of conscious numerical supeiiority
— those of Dnniunond and Hiall indicate a knowledge of their inferiority. It will he ohserved that
Porter's hrigade is entirely omitted from the fore^foiuK return, although what remained of it was unques-
tionaV)ly present at Fort Erie on that date.

tiviiilin;^' y'l'Milually imrtliwaiil, cm'oxsciI tlif TwcKc Milr ('i-i-ck at
l)o(\'\v's Kails. AliDiit a Immlri'tl vanls west ot" the imu'tidii of tlic
roiKls.on the south siilcot' Luiiilys Laiic, stoi nl a I'l'cshytrrian clmrt'li.
a low IVaiiii- htiihliii;;'. paiiitcil red. it occupied the hiehest point of
the rise, which slopes evntly southwai'd ami westward, hut dips more
ahruittlv U) the east and north. ( )n the riiiht of the church la\- a
small euclosiu'e, in which a few weathcrhcatcn Wfjoden slahs ami rude
lii'own heailstoues. with sometimes a l)rief inscription roiie'hly car\C(l
up(tn them hy the \illa^e Macksmith's chisel, hut more often nameless,
marked the ;4i'a\es of the fathers of the settlement. Hither, too,
brave younj.; ('ceil Hissho]! was home hy mournine' comrailes ii))on
their return fi'om that dai-inu' raid in which he nn't his death, and
here he still ivi)oses. Southwai'd, a tlu'iN'ine- x-oun*:' oi'cliard cosci'ed
the slope below the <;raveyard, exten<line (piite to the ed^'e of the
Portage Road and eneirclinii' a small dwelline' ami farmvard. Mea-
(lows and cultivated fields lay l)eyond, Ixamded by thick woods less
than half a mile away on both sides of the road. sti'etchin;i- down to
the rivei' near Table Rock, and skirtine- the Ijrink of the chasm for a
louii' distance.

Dreading- an ambush, Scott carefully reconnoitred these woods
witli his Qi "airy, and his <lelay enabled the British li»>-ht troops to
reo-ain the p(».- 'ion they had just abandoned. Then, iis now, Liindys
Lane was bor(.'re(l l)y nuuiy api)le,cherr3' and peach trees, thi-ustine-
tiieir projecting;' houi;'hs over the hi^-hway. In these orchai'ds the iden-
garry Light Infantry took up their ground, forming the right wing of
the Britis I line of battle. Tomkins' two field guns with the rocket
pai-ty were planted among the graves on the very sunnnit of the
knoll beside the church, so as to sweep the road. The detachment of
the ^ih and the Incorporate<l Militia were posted lowei" down, l)ehind
the fences and in the tielils on the left of the main rtjad extending
towards the river, but leaving an interval of more than two hundred
yards unoccupied next the bank, which was thickly overgrown with
scrub-pine and brushwood. The extremities of both wings were
inclined slightly forward. The remainder of Morrison's column was
formed in rear of the guns, under shelter of the ridge, as fast as it
came up, and the troop of the l!)th Dragoons was posted on the high
road some distance further away.^ Small parties of the 1st and 2nd
Lincoln Militia continued to arrive from the various outposts occupied
by them during the day, and joined the light troops in the woods on
the flanks. No better ifround for receivinii' an attack could be <'ound
for many a mile. The entire number of all ranks in the field when
this formation was accomplished wasl,(J87, of whom a])out one-half
were Provincial troops.' Soon after the battle began, the light

1. Drumniond to Prevos^t, Jul.v 27 : Lossirifr. 2. Auchiiileck.

:}2

I) f-

company of* the Udvuls urrixtMl tVom Twenty Mile CiTck iiiul a courier
was sent ort' to (•oiinternmiHl the marcli ol the remainder of ('olonel
Si'(»tt"s cohnnn, which it was learned had taken the road fi<»m the
Bi'echwoods to (^)neenston, and pilot it to the field.

It has become the Fashion amon^' American writers to desci'ihe
r)nimmon<rs f'oi-ce as heine' larm-Iv composed of Wellinjjton s
Veterans. With the excej)tion of ( 'olonel Scott, and possihiy a few
oilier officers, who ma\' have exchane-ed from other rejjinieiits, it is safe
to say that not a man in the eiitii'e division ha<l e\e)' .serNccl under
that ilhistrion^ conniiander, and xcry few of them had seen active
Hcrvice of an\' kiiul (aitside of Canada.

As the Americans emer<j-ed from the woods, the !)th, 1 1th, and
22nd I'eeiments deployed in the fields on the left and the 25th on the
rie-ht of the road, while their tield-euns came to the frcait and nnlim-
be)"e(l upon the highway. The hrieade of infantry lunubered I,, ")()() of
all ranks, and the artillery, di'aeoons, an<l other moiuited cor[)s, con-
sistine-of two ti'oops of U. S. drai^oons and the New York conmiands
of Boue'hton and Stone, probably mustered 800 more, makine- a total
force of I, MOO fjo-htine- nien.^

Hetiriufj' leisurelv befoi'e the ailvancin;:' enemv, the British
skirmishers fiviiuentlv halted and foiMned as if with the intention of
makine- a stand, then dispersed ae-ain as soon as their position was
seriouslv- threatened. Much \aluable time was o-ained bv these
manceuvres, which were continued until tlu- wine'uard of the Amei'i-
can army had approached within half nmsket-shot of theii' fiyhtine'
line, when they finally ran in.' . V • '

The .sun was about half an hour hie-h, or, in other words; it was
between six and seven o'clock in tlie afternoon, when Scott Ix'O'an the
ene-jioviiient by a ^'eneral attack of lie-he trcjops alone- the entire front
of the British, position. On the ri^Ut, the (dent^-arries easily main-
tained their eround, but a section of the Royal Scots which liad just
come up, startle(l by the sudden apparition amon;.^' the trees in theii'
front of a l)odv of men in e-reen uniforms, resembline- those of the
Amt.'i'ican riflemen thev had encountered that mornine' at Lewiston,
hastily fired n volley upon them, which injured several and produced
some confusion.^

Havino- felt the force opposed to him in this manner for a few
minutes, and satisfied himself that it was determine*! to fij^'ht M'here it
stood, General Scott formed the 11th and 22nd United States Infantrv
for a direct frontal attack, and detailed the 9tli and 25th to turn both
flanks simultaneously.

The centre attack, was not pushed with vigor, and was easily

1. Ripley, C. K. Gardner, Diet. U. S. Army.
3. United Service Journal, 1845.

Letter in Northern Sentinel, li)tli Auijust, 1814.

'.Y.\

CololM-l

Oil) the

It'scrilit'

V a r<'W
it is saft'
I untlt'i"
1 ai'tivc

Itli, ami
1 on tilt'
1 uiiliiii-
1, :>()() of
rps, eoii-
inmaiuls
[^ a total

British
iition of
tion was
)V these
' Auion-
tighting

s, it was
('ii-an tlie
ire fi-ont
ly main-
had just
in tlieir
se of the
jewiston,
)ru(luced

for a few
where it
Infantry

iurn bcjtli

as easily

AUL'USt, IS14.

repelled by he artillery tire alone. Ftnt u})on the left of the line, the
Americans soon ohtainetl a decide)! advantaj^e. Ohservin;^ tin* l)elt of
unoccupied ;;)-ound next to the I'iver, Scott ordered C'olomd T. S. Jesup.
with tlie '2i')t]\ V. S. Iidantry, to make a wide circuit thiou^di the
undergrowth in that direction, and, hy tiirnin;;' Drumniond's think,
Htt«'mpt to ^^ain possession of tin* (^)ueenston road in the rear. Favoi-ed
by tlie aj)proach of iijoht and concealed from view by thickets, that
rej^iment made its way un[)erceived into the interval, an<l suddenly
nttackin;^ the battalion of Incorpointt'*! Militia in tlank at the moment
it was attemptin;;" to take (;i-oun<l further to the left, threw it ijito
confusion, and took four otHcers and near a hundred men pri.soiH'rs.
Following up his ad\anta^e, .lesuj) advanced lajjidly as far as the
road, which lu; occupied in foi-ce, ami the troop of the Ifltli, tindin},^ a
Htroim body of iid'antrv tirini"' upon them from the enclosures on
their Hank, retired as far as Mudd\' Run.' Nor was this tlu' full
measure of his succesH. First, Caj'tain Lorin^-, A.D.C to (leneral
l)rummond,ridiny,'t() the rear to l)rin<^' up the ca\ airy, wascaptured, then
General Kiall, himself, bleedino- fi-om a wound, which subsetpiently
cau.sed the amputation of his arm, fell into his power in the same
manner. The ])risonei's were promptly hui-ried from the tield, and
when their rank was a:.n<)unced t(j the remaindei" of the la'i^ade it
became the si<;"nal for loud and pi'olonp'd cheei'in}^' alon*^' the entire
line, caught u[) and repeated by Ripley's and Porter's advancing'
cohnnns.

Scarcely had these scanids died away, when a sliell from the
British l>attery struck one of Towson's amnuniition wa|>'ons, which
in.stantly blew up with a ;;reat explosion. This incident was hailed in
turn bv exultiuii' shouts fnnn the successful muiners, who redoubled
their ettbi'ts in conseciuence, and the American pieces wei'e .speedily
overpowered by their lire, and iilmo.st, if not (juite, silenced. The
renniant of the Incorpoivited Militia (piickly recovered from its con-
fusion, and i-e-formed ni rear of the (S9th', fronting' the Queenston ron<l,
and covering' the flank and rear of the troops in Lundys Lane.-
Their musketry soon compelled Jesup to relincpiish the position he
liad .secured, and comnumication with the rear was re-opened.^ Lieut. -
Col. Robinson beiuii' danwrouslv wounded, the C(3nnnand of this coi'V)
<levolved on Major James Kerby.

A general advance of the Dth, 11th and 22nd Infantry, converg-
in<]f upon the British j;-uns, forced the <S!)th and the detachments of the
8th and Royal Scots to advance to their support, and was not repelled
without a sharp .struggle, in which both parties suti'ered heavily.
Lieut. Hemphill, leading the Royals, after Capt. Breretoii Mas
disabled, was killed, and the conunand of his party, the remnant of

1. Merritt ; Ketninisoence of L. Palmer, Mss. 2. Druinmond to Prevost, July 27. 3. Lossinjf.

three companies, devolved on another youn^* .subaltern, Lieut. Fraser.
Colonel Morrison was so severely wounded that he was carried from
the tield, and Major Clittbrd assumed connnand of the (S9th, while
Captain Campbell, connnanding the 8th, had his hor,se kilhnl beneath
him. Their assailants finally retired, leaving- the slope strewed with
their dead and wounded, and were rallied with difficulty under cover
of their artillery. The 22ntl in particular broke in great confusion,
running acro.ss the front of the 11th when in the act of wheeling, and
carrying away several platoons of that regiment in its flight. Their
officers failed to check the fuijitives until thev had gained the shelter
of tlie woods, and only a part of them could then be induced to return
to the .scene of action.^

In the course of this contest the Americans had been reinforced,
in the first instance by Lieut. Riddle with 100 men, then by Ripley '.s
brigade, and finally by (leneral Brown with the entire reserve.

Biddle's and Ritchie's companies of artillery, with .six guns, ad-
vanced to Towson's assistance, and the artillery duel was resumed with
redoubled energy. Notwithstanding the disparity in numbers, the
British guns still maintained a decided .superiority. Captains Biddle
and Ritchie were both wound*.Ml, the latter mortally, and Towson i.s
said to have lost twenty-seven out of thirty-six men serving his
three guns.-

Colonel McRee, an engineer officer, who was acting as General
Brown's chief c^f staff, finally assured the Auierican commander that
he need not hope for ultimate success indess the hill was taken and
the mnis silenced.^ Bv this time the entire available force of his
division had arrived. Scott's connnand was much exhau.sted and
diminished in numbers. Accordingly, Ripley's Vn'igade, consisting of
the 1st, 21st, and 2»Srd Infantry, besides detachments of the 2nd Rifles,
17th and 19th Infantiy, was formed for the main attack, having
Porter's brigade, composed of Dobbin's ami Swift's New York
regiments, Fenton's Penn.sylvania battalion, and Willcocks' Canadian
Volunteer!' upon their left, while the 25th U.S.I, still maintained its
position in the thickets on the right.^ The nundDers at his disposal,
if properly handled, were amply sufficient to crush the very inferior
force opposed to them before relief could ai'rive.

For a few minutes flring almost ceased, and this interval was
employed by the American artillerymen in bringing forward fresh
supplies of annnunition, and perfecting their arrangement for a
general advance. Owing to the growing darkness, artillery lire had
ceased to be very efl'ective, for although the moon had risen its light
was rendered faint and uncertain by drifting clouds of smoke and

Au^r.

1. Major McNeil's Evidence. 2. Peterson, Heroes of U.S. 3. Lossiiig. 4. Brown to Armstrong,

dust, and the position of either Hne of battle was only indicated at
irrejrular intervals by the flash of its guns.^

The action had now continued for nearly three hours ; the British
force had been reduced by casualties to less than twelve hundred
officers and men, and its situation seemed perilous in the extreme.
Their amnnmition was nearly exhausted and the militia were
deprived of their remainino- stock of cartrid<;'es, which were distrilnited
anion^' the regulars. It could no longer be a matter of doubt that
they had to contend with the entire American army. But relief,
though long" delayed, was now clo e at hand. After the original oi'der
of marcli had been countermanded, the troops encampt'd at Twelve
Mile Creek remained (juietl}^ in their (piarters until afternoon. Then
the order was received from Genei'al Riall directing a portion o^' the
force to advance innnediately to his support, by way of DeCew's Falls
and Lundy's Lane. This meant a march of fourteen miles under a
burning sun Colonel Scott instantly ol)eyed, takin"- with him seven
companies of his own regiment (the lOoi-d), seven companies of the
Royal "Scots, Lieut.-Col. John (iordon, five companies of th<' Mth, Major
Evans, the flank companies of the 104th, Capt. R. Leonard, and a few
picked men selected from some of the Militia battalions* in '^amp,
under Lieut.-Col. Hamilton, yet, owing to the weak state of the com-
panies, his entire column did not nuister more than 1,200 of all ranks. -
This force was accompanied by three G-pounders and a 5^,-incli
howitzer, under Captain Mackonochie. The advance-guard was
already within three miles of the held of battle when they were met
by an orderly bearing a second despr.tch from General Riall, announc-
ing that lie was al)out to retire upon Queenston.and directing them to
retreat at once and join him at that place. They had retraced their
steps for nearly four miles when the roar of cannon burst upon their
ears and they were overtaken by a second messenger, sunnnoning
them to the scene of conflict. It was accordingly nine o'clock before
the head of this colunni, weary and footsore with a march of more
than twenty miles almost without a halt, came in view on the extreme
right.'^

The action M'as reconnnenced by a brisk attack on the left of the
British position l»y the "ioth United States Infantry, from the shelter
of the copsewood near the Queenston road.

The An»erican artillery opened Are with renewed vigor to cover
the advanr of their infantry, and Porter's riflemen were detached,
creeping stealthily forward on the right, in the hope of turning the
flank also. Drummond promptly foiled this movement by directing
the headquarter wing of the Royals and the flank companies of tha

1. Peterson. 2. Druinmoiul to Fre\ ost July 27. ."5. Letters of Veritas.

"The Lincoln, Norfolk, Oxford, Middlesex aiid York regiments, and Essex and Kent Ran^'ers.

104th to prolong his fighting line in that direction while he formed
the remainder of Colonel Scott's column into a second line in rear of
Lundy'a Lane.^ These dispositions had not yet been entirely com-
pleted \yhen a large body of infantry was again observed advancing
upon the artillery. The troops destined for the assault of the battery,
composed of the 1st U. S. Infantry, Colonel R. C. Nicholas, detach-
ments of the 17th, 19th and 2nd Rifles and the whole of the 21st,
under command of Colonel James Miller, had (juietly been formed in
the hollow, where tlieir movements were concealed by the darkness,
and now advanced silentl}^ in line, two deep, followed b}^ the 23rd,
Major D. McFarland.in close colunm of companies, under cover of the
discharge of all their artiller3% which concentrated its fire upon the
British guns. These battalions mustered upward of 1,400 bayonets.'-
The position occupied by the 1st U.S. Infantry, forming the centre of
their line, compelled that regiment, fresh from a tour of uneventful
garrison duty in the distant frontier posts on the banks of the
Mississippi, to climb the slope in the face of the point-blank fire of
the British guns, while Miller's and McFarland's commands "moved
obliquely upon the battery from either flank. Scarcely had it begun
to feel the efi'ects of the artillery fire when this regiment gave waj',
and before it could be rallied bj" its'officers, had retired a considerate
distance in nmch disorder.^ The 23rd advanced with admiraltle firm-
ness and lost heavily. Its commander was killed and the line began
to waver, but order was soon restored b}' the eflbrtsof General Ripley,
who directed its mo\ements in person after the fall of Major McFar-
land.^ Miller's approach on the opposite flank was screened from the
view of the sjunners l)v the church and an almost continuous line of
thickets fringing both sides of a shallow ravine.^'* Within twent}'
yards of the guns a stout log-fence, skirted with shrubbery and small
trees, crossed their path and furnished convenient cover. Up to this
point their advance had been unobserved by the artillerymen, whose
attention was ri vetted upon the batteries below. Halting there for a
moment, they fired a single eftective volley, and, rushing forward,
gained tlie summit, but with heavy loss." Lieut. Cilley, who led the
charge, cut down an artilleryman as he entered the battery and the
next moment fell desperately wounded by his side. A few gunners
still clung desperately to their pieces and were bayonetted while
striving to reload, and the battery, which had been worked so efl'ect-
ively against them, was in their possession. Both the 24-pounders
and one of Captain Mackonochie's 6-pounders, which had since been
brought up to their assistance, were taken. Lieut. Tomkins and a few
of his men were also captured and temporarily confined in the church,
whence most of them soon succeeded in making their escape.^ i

1. Druraniond to Prevost, July 27. 2. Ripley, official return. 3. Brown to Armstrong 4 Ibid.
6. Jacobs' Life of I'. Oas8. 0. Lieut. Bigelow was killed and Cap',. Burbank, Lieuts. Cilley and Fisk
and Ensigns Jones, Thomas and Camp were wounded in taking the |j une — J L.Thompson 1. Lossing,
Drummond, Browne, England's Artillerymen ; Letter in Alexandria Herald.

Nearly at the same instant Ripley came up with the 23rd, and
the 1st, having re-formed, advanced to their support. Ripley's entire
brigade was thus massed on a very narrow front, on the south side of
Lundy's Lane, between the church and the Queenston road. Scott's
brigade, with the exception of the 25th Infantry, was rapidly brought
forward and took post on their left, while Porter's volunteers distantly
engaged the flank companies of the 104th, and the wing of the Royals.^-

Miller's movement had been at once so rapid, unexpected and
successful, that the British guns were in his possession before the
infantry in rear had time to advance for their protection. These
detachments then hastily advanced to recover them, but after a very
severe contest were repelled with heavy loss. At short range the
cartridges of the Americans, containing in addition to the ordinary
bullets three large buck-shot, were particularly effective. Lieutenant
Fraser, on whom the connnand of the Royals in this part of the field
had devolved, was wounded, and the survivors of his detachment
rallied around the colors of the S9th. The 103rd being ordered to
advance, marched in the darkness directly into the centre of the
enemy's new position, and were first made aware of its mistake by a
crushing vollev, which threw them into jireat disorder.- While this
struggle was in progress for the possession of the hill, the American
artillery limbered up and advanced to take up a new position upon
the sunnuit. In the attem])t they met with sudden tmd unforseen
disaster. While their howitzer was ascending the slope at a gallop, a
volley of musketry brouglit nearly all the drivers at once to the
ground, and the horses, missing their riders and left without guidance,
plunged frantically forward into the opposing ranks, where they were
soon secured.^ 8e\eral of their caissons were blown up at different
times by congreve rockets, and some of their pieces silenced for want
of annnunition. Many hoi'ses were also killed or disabled while

manteuvrmjj.

The remainder of the British artillery was at the same time
brought forwai-d until the muzzles of the guns were only a fViW yards
asunder, and the battle thenceforward became a confused, fei-ocious,
and sanguinary struggle, waged freijuently at the bayonet's point, or
with clubbed muskets, the British striving desperately to regain the
ground they had lost, and their opponents to thrust them down into
the hollow beyond, and drive them from the field. Regiments, com-
panies, and sections were broken up and mingled together. They re-
tired, rallied, and were led to the charge agnin. For two hours the
contending lines were scarcely ever more than twenty yards 't))art,
and by the lioht of each successive vollev of musketrv the - could

1 Miller'8 letter to his wife, July 28 - .1. I,. Thompson, Hist. Late War. 2. James, Mil. Occ. 3. Let-
ter of E. L. .^llen, 21st U..S.L, in I'ittsfield (.Mass.) .Sun.

plainly (H.stinguish the faces of their antagonists, and even the buioons
on their coats. From time to time even the voices of the officers
could be <listinctly heard in the opposing lines. General Drunnnonii
shouted to his men, "Stick, to them, my line fellows." An American
officer responded by giving an order to "Level low and fire at their
flashes," in stentorian tones.^ It is scarcely possible to present a con-
secutive narrative of the closing hours of the strife. For upwards of
an hour the combatants faced each other at a distance of not more
than sixty or seventy feet, loading and firing with as much delibera-
tion, one of them wrote, "as if it had been a sham battle." Fi'om
time to time there was a sudden rush forward, and the lines swav^erl
slowly backwards and forwards over the ground, which was now
thickl}^ strewn with the bodies of their fallen comrades. It is assei'ted
by the Americans that they three times repelled the attempts of their
adversaries to regain their lost position.- In one of these, we learn
that the 108rd, being largely a boy-regiment and this its first experi-
ence of battle, again gave way, and was only rallied by tlw strenuous
exertions of Major Smelt and other officers."^ In another, the assail-
ants forced their way into Major's Hindman's battery and compelled
him to spike two of his gun.s.* In the short interval between these
attacks. Generals Brown and Scott consulted together, and, in conse-
(juence, Scott' s brigade was moved into a narrow road or lane a short
distance south of Lundy's Lane, where it deployed and took post in
line innnediatoly in front of their artillery, which was now rendered
nearl}^ useless by the very proxnnity of the contending forces. L^pon
the repulse of the second attack, Scott formed his regiments into close
colunni, left in front, and hoping to profit by the disorder in the British
ranks, led them to the charge in turn. The 89th, kneeling to receive
them in a field of grain, reserved its fire, by Drummond's com-
mand, until its assailants were within twenty paces, when a volley
was delivered with such fatal efi'ect that they recoiled in confusion to
the rear, vigorously pursued at the point of the bayonet.'^ Their place
in the line was at once occupied by a portion of -General Porter's bri-
gade, and Colonel Leavenwortli rallied and reformed the broken |)la-
toons upon the left of their former position. Having changed front,
they were again led forward hy their indomitable commander, who
had already had two horses killed under him, in an efibrt to force
back the British right. Again repelled witli heavy loss, they were
again I'allied, this time on the extreme left of the line." General Scott
was himself wounded by a nmsket ball, which fractured his shoulder,
and, having likewise received a painful contusion in the side, was re-
moved from the field. His regimental commanders, Colonels Brady,

1. McLuod's view of settleinent of Tpper Canadix. 2. Los8ing, .J. L. Thomson, etc 3 Dniminond.
4. E. L Allen, .'j. " The effect of that single fire on the enemy's ranks was awful in the extreme." David
Thompson, Hist, of the Late War, p. 233-4. 0. J. L. Thomson.

Jesup and McNeil, and his Brigade-Major, Smith, had also been dis-
abled. The 11th and the 22nd United States Inf'antr}- went entirely
to pieces, and the 9th alone preserved its formation, kept toi^ether by
the exertions of Leavenworth, its colonel, who was likewise wounded.^
The entire brigade had shrunk to the dimensions of one weak bat-
talion, stumbling blindly about the field.* More than half the officei's
of these regiments had V»een killed or badly hurt, and it was subse-
quently related by deserters that on one occasion, being hard pressed,
the survivors actually threw down their arms and attempted to sur-
render in a body, but finding that the British still continued their fire,
resumed their weapons in despair.- Be this as it may, the list of
killed and wounded bore eloquent testimony to the courage an^ deter-
mination with which they had maintained the contest, Before the
close of the action the number of effective men remaining ill the field
of the four regiments composing ( Jeneral Scott's brigade was actually
reduced to 150 or 200, exclusive of officers.^

About the same time General Brown received a flesh wound in
the thigh, and finding that Scott had already retired from tlu' field,
made over the chief connnand to General Ripley. Tho two renuiin-
ing brigades had suffered less, but their losses had bci a severe, uid
most of the regiments were much shaken. The new commandei, with
the entire approval of his chief, determined to retire beyond the Chip-
pawa.^ With this intention, all the guns that could be horsed were
with<lrawn, and some of the wounded remoxed.

While Ripley was ])reparing to retreat, Drunmiond was resolutely
reforming his shattered battalions for a final and supreme effort to
retrieve the fortunes of the fight. Bleeding })rofusel3' from a wound
in the neck, which narrowly missed being fatal, he paid so little
attention to it that he <lid not even dismount to have it dresstMl.
Twenty minutes later his horse was shot dead beneath him.'' Colonel
Pearson, Lieut.-Colonel Robinson, and many officers of inferior rank

1. Lossingr. ?.. Drunmiond to Prevost, August 8. 3. Col. Leavenworth's evidence. 4. Brown to .Xrnr
stronjr, August 7. Hipley, Major Hindman's evidence, .'i. James. Ridoiit Letters. Thos. Kidout to his
son, 14th Aug., 1S14 : "The coohiess of Gen. Druinuiond on tliat nieniorahle night, in tlie performance of
all his duties, was heyond all praise. His wound in the neck was very severe and h.^s been very trouble-
some."

*The aimless wanderings of this brigade are circumstantially described in " A brief review of the
settlement of Upper Canada by the U. K. Loyalists and Scotch Highlanders in 1783, by D. McLeod, JIajor-
General Patriot Army ; Cleveland, 1841" :—'■ The commanding officer of the 8!)th was ordered to charge
this column of Americans, which was promptly executed by driving them down the slope of the hill ; but
they instantly rallied at the base and in their turn charged the Royals and drove them some distance to
the rear. The 89th coming up at this time in their rear mistook them for the Royals and were letting
them p.iss on as such, but while they were reclining to the left they had to advance in front of the Grena-
diers of the 104th and 103rd regiments, who were in the act of tiring at them, when a British field officer
rode up and ordered them not to fire as it was the 89ih. The Americans took the hint and called out 'the
89th.' The word ' recover arms ' was given, and as they were advancing fowards their own lines they
came in contact with a strong detachment of the 49th (4l8t?) and Royals, who by some accident were
far in advance of their own lines. A dreadful scene ensued. It was for some minutes the reign of
carnage, shoulder to shoulder, foot to foot ; the combatants fought with more than mortal energy. » ♦ *
The Glengarries marched to the assistance of their friends, but from the darkness of the night mistook
the 49th and Royals for the Americans, which enabled the latter to retire unmolested."

( I

< \

had been disabled. Nearly one-thii-d of the rank and tile had already
been numbered with the dea<l, or were suffering from wounds. With
indomitable resolution the scattered detachments were rallied and
the line reformed for another attack. Finally, when it was almost
midnight, the thinned and wearied ranks were agtiin closed and
urged up the hillside. Headed by the light company of the 41st,
led. by Captain Glew, they pressed steadily up the slope, and at
length stood triumphantly upon the sunnnit.^ Their opponents were
surprised in the act of retiring, and their rearguard was easily over-
thrown and dispersed. The two 24-pounders they had lost were re-
covered, but the 0-pounder had been already removed. An American
iield-piece of the same calibre was, however, taken, the whole of the
detachment serving it with but two exceptions having fallen in its
defence.- The officer conniianding the party at the guns put spurs to
his horse and escaped, but most of his men were taken prisoners be-
side them. Several tumbi'ils and horses were also captured, and the
ridge was profusely strewn with the bodies of those seriously injured,
Desultory tiring continued in various quarters of the field for a few
minutes longer, under cover of which General Ripley withdrew from
the field all of his troops that still held together.

Almost all American writers, following the cue furnished by
General Brown's official letter, convey the impression that their forcen
retired voluntarily, and were not expelled from the position they had
W(m. and none of them admit the loss of any artillery. The state-
ments on these points containe<l in Sir Gordon Drummond's official
letter are, however, fully substantiated by affidavits published in
General Ripley's pamphlet already referred to, as well as by several
letters from officers and men in the American army, which appeared
in different contemporary newspapers. Major Hindman, commandant
of their artillery, testified, for instance, that "General Brown said to
him: — 'Collect your artillery as well as you can, and retire im-
mediately : we will all march to camp together.' He then remarked
that nearly all his officers had been killed or wounded, and that he
himself was wounded, and he thought it best to retire. I found the
enemy in possession of the guns and wagons. Some of the horses
and men were captured. I then left the field. Lieut. Fontaine in-
formed me that the enemy charged his party at the guns, and made
them all prisoners, but that he dashed through their i-anks and
esca))ed."^

Efjually coitclusive is the evidence respecting the demoralized con-
dition of the American ai'mv, derived from the same sources. We are
informed that but two platoons of Scott's brigade could be
collected under Leavenworth, and several officers affirmed that not

1. Oourlay. 2. E. L. Allen. 3. Hipley, Facts relative to the Cainpainfn on the Niajfora.

more than 500 men in all returned to camp in a body, the remainder
having dispersed.^

The battlefield remained in the undisturbed possession of the
British during the remainder of the night, l>ut the}'^ were in no con-
dition to pursue their disorganized enemies. Pearson's brigade had
marched fourteen miles, and had been deprived of sleep the night be-
fore; Morrison's detachment had accomplished the same distance: and
the remainder not less than twenty-one miles in the heat of a July
day. Almost one-third of their entire mnnber had been killed or
wounded, or were missing. The survivors were utterly exhausted,
and threw themseles down to rest among the dead and dying upon
the bloodstained hill they had finally re-con(|uered.

Thus ended the most stubbornly-contested and sanguinary
engagement ever fought in the Province of Ontario, after having con-
tinued five hours and twenty-three minutes.- By American writers
it is frequently styled the battle of Bridge water or Niagara Falls: in
British official records, it is known b}^ the name of Niagara, and, in
commemoration of the fact, the Royal Scots, 8th, 41st and <S9th, bear
that word emblazoned on their colors, but among Canadians it usually
receives the more homely appellation of Lundy's Lane.^

The loss on both sides was extremely severe in proportion to the
nundier of combatants engaged, and, according to the official reports,
nearly equal. The British return showed an aggregate of five officers
and seventy-six men killed, thirty officers and 532 men wounded,
fourteen officers and 219 men missingand prisoners: thatof their oppon-
ents.eleven officers and KiO men killed, three generals( Brown, Scott and
Porter), fifty other officers and 520 men wounded, eight officers and 100
men missing. But there are several cogent reasons for suspecting the
truthfulness of the latter return. James asserts that 210 of their
dead were counted on the field by British fatigue parties, and that
indicationsof a nundierof new-made graves were afterwards discovered
near their camp. Drummond stated in his official letter that several
hundred prisoners had fallen into his hands, and it would be indeed
remarkable thnt a force in the admitted state of disorganization to
which the American army was reduced should have lost no more than
the number returned as missing, esiiecially when a considerable pro-
portion of that force consisted of militia acknowledger! to be
unusually prone to desert and disperse in the event of a reverse, while
their opponents, who held the field, lost more tlian double that number.

An officer writing from Buffalo, two days after the battle, to his
father, a Senator in Congress, stated that their first Itrigade (Scott's)

1. Kipley, Facts relative to theCam|i,'iign on the Xiagrara ; Wilson, American Military and Naval Heroes.
•I. Letter dated Fort Erie, .Inly 28, in Alexandria Herald. :i. On St. tJeortre's day, April 23rd, IHii, colors
were presented by Sir PereKrine Maitland, Lieut. -(iovernor of I'pper Canada, to the York Militia as
representatives of the Incorporated Militia, in reeoffnition of their services durinjf the war, inscribed with
the word "Niagara," by direction of Kinjf George IV.

I i

was almost annihilated, yet the official return onl}" adniitted a loss of
a little more than five I'undred men, or al»out one-third of its ettect-
ive foree.^ Major Foster testified that but fifteen or twenty of the
11th escaped unhurt.- Major Hindman relates that of Tapj^an's
Company of the 23rd, U. S. I., numbering forty -five rank and file
when it went into action, only nine answered to their names at roll-
call next morning", and estimated that not more than 1,500 men of
the entire division could t^en be mustered.'^ I iiave already referred
to the loss of Towson's artillery.' At one of Captain Ritchie's guns
every man is said to have been disabled, at another all but two, and
yet the entire loss of the whole of the artillery was returned at fortv-
six of all ranks.^ Detachments of the 2nd Rifies and 17th and 19th
Infantry are known to have been engaged : one officer belonging to
the former and two of the latter corps were certainly wounded, but
no statement whatever of their loss is to be found in the official re-
port. Finally, Major Herkimer and thirteen other officers of the
voluntee- brigade, in an oj-en letter ])ublished in several newsjiapers,
flatly accused General Brown of falsifying the returns and of under-
stating the loss of their regiments.*

Mr. Hildreth states that the American arm\' was reduced bv their
losses to sixteen hundred efiective men. If this were true it would
indicate a loss from casualties and desertion of more than two thou-
sand.^ A very correct and circumstantial account of the action by an
eye-witness, published in Foulson's American, estimated their loss in
killed and woTuided at twelve hundred. Another letter, dated at Fort
Erie, August 1st, remarks: "Many of our men secreted themselves
in the woods, and were not collected till within a few days." As they
were not vigorously pursued it is probable that most of these strag-
glers rejoined their regimehts.

On the part of the British, the battalions which bore the brunt
of the action were the Royal Scots and the 89th, and their losses
Avere correspondingly severe. Of about 500 men of the former regi-
ment who went into action, 172 were reported killed, wounded, or
missing, vvhile tlie 89th lost not less than 254 out of an aggregate of
400 of all ranks. Of the provincial corps the Incorporated Militia
suffered most, losing 142 officers and men, of whom not less than 92
were missing, out of about 300 engaged ; the Glengarry Light Infantry
lost 57; the 104th flank companies, 6; the Lincoln Militia, 13: the

1. Lieut. J. B. Varnuni. 2. Ripley. In a letter in the Northern f^enthiPl, dated 19th August, 1814,
an officer of the 11th stated that his company numbered 50 on the morning of the 25th, but only 13 were
present at roll call next day, and but one man of his own platoon. Col. Miller, in a letter to his wife of the
28th July, (printed in the report of the Adjutant General of New Hampshire, for 1868) states the loss of his
regiment (the 21st) at 126 of all ranks, vet in the official return it was stated to be only 101. 3. E. L. Allen.
4 Hist. U. S. 5. OHicial return <Can. Arch.)

* " The company (Stone's) entered the service 162 strong, and when mustered out numbered only 48
men. The others had either been killed in battle, died of wounds or camp disease, or been taken prisoners.
But very few had deserted."— Doty History of Livingstone County, N. Y., p. 322.

jiti^-

Second York, l):*tlie Provincial Drauoons, 8.+ ]\Ianv of the wounded,
being sliglitl}' injured by ))Uckshot, were soon abk^ to do flut}' aj^ain,
and a nundjer of the ini.ssinijf rejoined tlieir reiiinients in a few davs.^

ISext morning General Ripley again crossed the Chippawa witli
as large a force as he could nmster, with the intention, as he stated,
of burj'ing the dead and recovering the wounded, whom he had left
behind. Most of his officers agreed in regarding this as an act of the
most consunnnate folly. But. finding the field occupied in force b}'
his antagonist, he iunnediately retired, destroying the l)ridge behind
him, and prepared for instant i-etreat.- The wounded an<l prisoners
were then sent across the Niagara, a (juantity of camp eipiipage and
other stores were destroyed oi- thrown into the river, Bridgewater
Mills and Clark's warehouse at Chippawa were burned, and a retro-
grade movement was ettected with such celerity that, although they
did not connnence their march until noon, the entire force arrived on
the heights opposite Black Rock at midnight in such a state of ex-
hau.stion that they lay down to sleep without pitching tents or light-
ing fires. This would certainly be extraordinary conduct on the part
of a victorious armv. In fact it is almost certain that their com-
mander had determined to re-cross the river next day, but finding
that he was not pursued in force, he encamped under the guns of F'ort
Erie, and set every available man at work with axe and spade to
entrench his position.

As Hoon as Ripley's intention to retreat became apparent, the
British light troops were sent in pursuit, and succeeded in making a
few prisoners, but feeling himself too weak in nundters to attempt the
investment of their fortified camp at Fort Erie, Sir Gordon Drum-
mcmd dismissed the militia, who had come forward so cheerfullv, and
remained with the bulk of his force near Lundy's Lane until the
arrixal of reinforcements enabled him to prosecute his advantage
further.^

1. Cannon, History Records British Army. -2. Letter of E L. Allen; Musician's account. 3. CO.,
July -20 ; Drunimond to rrevost, .July 31.

t In his official letter Sir Oordon Drunimond said: "The zeal, loyalty and bravery with which the
militia of this part of the I'roviiice have comeforward to co-oiierate with His .Majesty's troops in the ex-
pulsion of the enemy, and their cons|)icuous ;;allantry in tliis and the action of the 4th, claim my warmest
thanks."

APPENDIX NO. 1.

STATE OF THE DEFENX'ES OF THE NIA(iARA FRONTIER IN THE
NING OF JULY, 1814 — GEN. DRUMMOND's SCHEME
OF OPERATIONS.

BEGIN-

Extract from report of Capt. Martin, R.E., to Sir George Provost,
Montreal, 3rd Julv, 1814 :—

Fort Erie — In a tolerable .state of defence, stron^^ly enclosed in
rear with palisades, A small blockhouse connnenced, to flank the
picketing. Three guns mounted — two twelves and one nine-pounder.

Chippawa — A lino of intrenchments thrown up by the King's
regiment on the left bank of the river ; a redoubt connnenced, to
flank them.

Queenston — A redoubt completed for 250 men.

Fort Niagara — The land-front nearly completed and well
excavated along the curtain : a splinter-proof, 140 feet in length,
nearly completed with palisading.

Fort Missassauga — The new work in a forward state ; the
picketing and two furnaces completed ; a brick tower commenced.

Fort George — For want of men the works do not advance
rapidly.

Abstract of answers to questions submitted to oflScers of engineers,
date about 12th July: —

Fort George is in a very bad state in reference to defence, and
can make little or no resistance against an army computed at between
5,000 and 6,000 men, w^ith a due proportion of heavy artillery, and the
only thing to prevent it from being taken by assault is a bad row of
picketing. If Fort George falls into the enemy's hands he will be
enabled to carry on a regular attack against Fort Niagara on his own
side of the river, which he would otherwise And diflicult to do.
Forts George and Niagara having fallen. Fort Missassauga will be
very much weakened, as all the supplies without that fort will be cut
ofl* • entirely. There is no secure cover for the garrison of Fort
Missassauga, and it would soon fall if attacked by land. Fort Niagara
lieing the protection of our supplies outside it. Fort Missassauga
would not be easily taken by assault, but is incapable of holding out
atjainst a bombardment.

GEN. DRUMMOND's SCHEME OF DEFENCE.

Maj.-Gen. Riall to Lieut.-Gen. Druminond, Fort George, 10th
March, 1814 — Abstract: —

Desires instructicins in case of an attack, as both flanks are
assailable. Fears that the Americans will land at Long Point, and by

■

advancing along the western yom\, get into his rear. Tiiere in a very
sni^ll dispoHable force on thi.s frontier, not adecjuate for its defence in
front and to meet the probable movement in flank, and unless he re-
ceives a good reinforcement his position will be extremely critical.

Lieut.-Gen. Drunniiond to Maj.-Gen. Riall, Kingston, March 28 : —

Thinks it highly probable that in connection with the siege of
Fort Niagara the Americans will invade the district by the western
road, and may land a force at Long Point or Point Abino. In such
case he would be obliged to concentrate his whole force at Bui'lington
or Ancaster, leaving the garrisons of Forts Niagara an<l Gecjrge to
themselves. He anticipates that Oeneral Harrison will be in com-
mand, and in case he (Riall) obtains previous information, in spite (jf
his known caution, hopes that Harrison may giv(i him jijq opportunity
to defeat and destroy a considerable part of his force. Wishes him
to understand that the abandonment of an advanced position is only
advised in case of an advance in force from the west for pui'poses of
concentration.

In case of small parties advancing from the westward, he is to
send small parties from Burlington to take a position at Burford or
Ancaster, and dispute the passage of the Grand River, on which the
detachments from Long Point and Oxford may fall back.

The natural disposition of the forces M'ould be to keep them con-
centrated in a central position in readiness to act on either flank, but
the experience of the last two years shows that such force may be
distributed along the frontier without any great risk, and all posts
from Fort George to Erie should be occupied. That at Fort Erie
should consist of a strong company of infantr}* and a party of artillery
sufficient to man the 24-pounder in the southera demi-bastion, and
may give employment to an invailing force for a few days, or act in
their rear. Chippawa to be strongly occupied, and a detachment
posted between Chippawa and Fort Erie, say at Frenchman's Creek,
and a rapid movement made to support the detachment on the right
in case of a landing being made above Chippawa. Fort Niagara to
be strongly occupied by 500 or (500 men, who may occup}' ten times
their number. I Avill reinforce your division by the 108rd, upwards
of 700 strong, as soon as navigation opens. The occupation of Fort
George is essential to the defence of Fort Niagara, and the construc-
tion of a battery of a few heavy guns so mounted as to bear on the
esplanade of Fort Niagara.

In case of a concentration at Burlington a small detachment to
be left in Fort George, which would in turn V)e protected by Fort
Niagara, which commands it. A battery at Missassauga Point (the
flagstaff) is highly necessary, and an enclosure at Queenston, if time
permits.

APPENDIX NO. 2.

I r il

s 5

OFFICIAL RETURN OF THE LOSS OF MRITISH TROOPS IN ACTION OF JULY

2.')TH. LSI 4.

start' — 1 killed, ') wouihIchI, 1 missing-.

intli DmgooiiH — 2 rank and lile \v()un<k'd, 1 rank and file niissin^^

Provincial Li^'lit Dragoons — 2 rank and tile wounded, 1 ca[)tain
niissinj^.

Royal Engineers — I sul»altern missing.

Royal Artillery — 4 rank and tile killed: I captain, 12 rank and
tile wounded, 7 private.s niissing.

Royal JMarine Artillery — .'i rank and tile wounded, 2 rank and tile
niissinj;'.

l.st Royal Scots — 1 HuV)al tern, 15 privates killed : Sotficers, 112
N.C.O. and privates wounded : 2 officers, 81) y.C\0. and nieii niis.sin*;'.

Sth Kin(,rs— 12 X.C.O. an<l \nen killed: 8 officers, 57 N.C.O. and
men wounded: 1 officer, 12 X.C.O. and men mis.sing.

41st — 8 privates killed, 84 N.C.O. and men wounded.

,Sf)th— 2 officers, 27 N.C.O. and men killed: 11 officers, 177 N.C.
O. and men wounded: 87 N.C.O. and men missing.

108rd— () privates killed : 1 officer, 40 N.C.O. and men wounded:
8 officers, 4 N.C.O. and men nnssing.

104th — 1 private killed, 5 privates missing.

Glengarry Light Infantry — 4 privates killed: 1 officer, 30 N.C.O.
and men wounded : 1 officer, 21 N':C.O. and men missing.

Incorporated Militia — 1 officer, (5 men killed : 4 officers, 89 N.C.
O. and men wounded ; 75 N.C.O. and men missing ; 3 officers, 14 men
prisoners.

1st Lincoln Militia — 1 private killed.

2nd Lincoln Militia — 1 private wounded.

4th Lincoln Militia — 2 officers, 3 men wounded ; 2 officers missing.

5th Lincoln Militia — 1 officer, 3 men wounded.

2nd York — 3 officers, men wounded.

OFFICl ■. RETURN OF LOSS OF UNITED STATES TROOPS.

General ^ T — 2 wounded.

Light Drag ns — 1 corporal killed, 2 privates wounded.
Artillery— 1 officer, 9 N.C.O. and men killed ; 3 officers, 32 N.C.
O. tuid men wounded ; 1 private missing.

/sf Jirifjade.

Start' — .'i otHccrs W(mn('n'<i.

Oth Infiinti-y -:i ottietTH, \:] X.C.O. an.l incii killed: S orticiH, Ml
X.C.O. ami uii'ii woiukUmI; 1 officer, 14 N.C.O. an<l men iiiissiii<^^

11th IiifantiT — 1 officer, 27 N.C.O. and men killed; 7 officers, J)5
N.C.O. and men wounded; I otKcei", 2 privates missing.

22nd Infantry — :{(• N.C.O. and men killed; 7 officers, s:\ N.C.O.
and men wounded: :] officer's, 14 N.C.O. and int'ii missin;;.

2otli Inl'antrv — 2 officers, 2<l men killed: 4 officers, (52 X.C.O. and
men wounde<l ; 15 X.C.O. and men missing.

1st Infantry — 11 men killed; 2 otKcers, 18 men wounded; 2 X.C.O.
and men missing.

2Ist Infantry — 1 officer, 14 X.C.O. and privates killed; (i officers,
()4 N.C.O. and men wounded: 1!> privates missing.

2.Srd Infantry — 1 officer, N.C.O. and men killed: 7 officers 45
N.C.O. and men wounded: 27 X.C.O. and men missing.

Start' — 1 officer wounded, 1 officer missing.

Canadian Volunteers — 1 private killed, 2 privates wounded, S
privates missing.

Pennsvlvania Volunteers — 1 officer, 10 X.C.O. and men killed: 8
officers, 21 men wcaunkMl; 1 officer missing.

Xew York Volunteers — 1 officer, 8 X.C.O. and men killed; 2
officers, 12 X.C.O. and men wounded: 1 officer missing.

.0.

APPENDIX NO. 3.

. I

^«t

■■ I

BRITISH OFFICERS KILLED.

Captain Spooner, 89tli.

Lieut. Moorsom, 104th, D.A.A.G.

Lieut. Hemphill, Lst Royal Scots.

Lieut. Lathoin, 89th.

Ensign Campbell, Incorporated Militia.

Woundnl.

Lieut.-Gen. Drunnnond : Major-Gen. Riall : Lieut.-Cols. Morrison
and Pearson ; Capts. McLauchlan and Brereton : Lieuts. LeBreton,
Haswell, Fraser, Noel, Sand'm^an, Steel, Pierce, Taylor, Lloyd, Miles,
Redmond, Hooper, Langhorne and Kerr, of the regulars.

Lieut.-Col. Robinson : Majors Hatt and Simmons : Capts. Fraser,
Washburn, McDonald, H. Nelles and Rocknian: Lieuts. Dougall, Rut-
tan, Hamilton, Thompson, Orrtield and Smith: Ensigns McDonald and
Kennedy, of the militia.

AMERICAN OFFICERS KILLED.^

Major McFarland ; Capts. Goodrich, Hooper, Hull, Kinney, Ritchie
and Spencer : Lieuts. Armstrong, Bigelow, Burghardt, Davidson, Kehr,
Poe, Sturgis and Turner : Ensign Hunter.

Woimdcd.

Major-General Brown : Brig.-Generals Portei and Scott : Colonel
Brady : Lieut.-Cols. Dobbins, Jesup, Leavenworth and McXeil : Major
Wood : Capts. Biddle, Bissel, Bliss, Burl>ank, Foster, Foulk, McMillan,
Odell, Pentland, Smith and Worth : Lieuts. Abeel, Beans, Bedford,
Blake, Brown, Camp, Campbell, Cilley, Cooper, Culbertson, Cushman,
Dick, Dieterich, Fei-guson, Fisher, Fisk, Fowle, Gittbrd, Haile, Ingersoll,
Jacobs, Landi, McChain, Macla}', O'Fling, Schnmck, Siia3dor, Stephen-
son, Tappan, Thompson, Vasquez, Weljster and Whiting: Ensigns
Jacobs, Jones and Thomas.

1. Gardner Diet. U. S. Army.

PUBLICATIONS

ISSUED BY THE

LUNDY'S LANE HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

>ls. Morrison
s. LeBreton,
Lk)yd, Miles,

apts. Fi"aser,
)ougalI, Rut-
cDonakl and

mey, Ritchie
ridson, Kehr,

ott : Colonel
;Xeil : Major
k, McMillan,
ms, Bedford,
n, Cushnian,
le, Ingersoll,
ior, Stephen -
i£j: Ensijjns

BY CAPT. E. CRUIKSHANK.

The Battle of Lundy's Lane, 1814. (3rd Edition, greatly improved, with

Map) $0.25

The Battle of Queenston Heights, pp. 46 25

The Battle of Beaver Dam 20

The Fight in the Beechwoods, pp. 24 25

The Story of Butler's Rangers, pp. 114 30

BY MRS. S. A. CURZON.

The Story of Laura Secord (1813) 10

Canada— In Memoriam (1812-14) 10

BY WM. KIRBY, F. R. S. C.

The Servos Family (1726 to 1812) 10

BY REV. JOHN BURNS.

A Loyal Sermon of 1814, preached in Stamford, near Lundy's Lane. 10

BY JANET CARNOCHAN.

Niagara, 100 years ago. 25

BY REV. E. J. F'ESSENDEN.

A Centenary Study 25

— ALSO —

The Annual Reports of the L. L. H. S.

Brief Account of the Battle of Lundy's Lane, 1814, by Sir R. H. Bonnycastle,

Knight.

Accounts of Re-interments of Remains of Soldiers of 1812, found in 1891 and
1893, respectively, with Addresses on each occasion.

Laura Secord of 1813. Photogravure, with brief sketch.

An appeal to Public and High Schools; Monument Fund; Laura Secord.