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 1 
 
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 1 
 
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 5 
 
 6 
 
The first Three English books on America. 
 
 [? 151 i]-i555 A.D. 
 
The first 
 
 Three English 
 
 on 
 
 books 
 
 America. 
 
 [? ijii]— 1555 A.n. 
 Being chiefly Translations, Compilations, &c., by 
 
 RICHARD E n E X. 
 
 Fiom the Writings, Maps, &c., of 
 
 PI ETRO MARTI RE, of Anghicra (1455.1526), 
 Apstolual Prolonotary, ami Councillor to Ihc £m/<cior Cii.iKrjis V.; 
 
 SEBASTIAN M U N S T E R, the Cosmogrnpher (i 489-, 552), 
 
 I'ro/essor of llcbre-ai, &'c., at the University of Basle ; 
 
 SEBASTIAN CABOT, of Bristol (,474., 557), 
 
 Grand Pilot of luv^laiul : 
 
 With Extracts, &c., from the Works of other Spanish 
 Italian, and German Writers of the Time. 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 KIiITKII I! V 
 
 I'MnVAKD arhi-:k' 
 
 I rofcssor or Kngli-I, Lnnijiuige rwni I.^teraluie 
 Sir JosKih Mason's ColIeK^, llirmingham. 
 
 A r,„nsu,ft of, He Kc,n,c.. 0/ ,He Co.„fany 0/ Stationer. 0/ Lon.lon, ...^.^d,.; &c. 
 
 I!I R M I >J(, II \ M 
 
 I MONTAGUE ROAD. 
 22 June 1885. 
 

i 
 
 To THE Reader. 
 
 3Ach of the iliicc Texts in this Volume is of 
 '. great rarity; the firft two are extraordinarily 
 A fcarce. 
 
 The prcfent inipreffion of them was begun 
 fo far back as 1870, and was nearly finilhed by 
 1872; when it came to a ftand flill through the 
 great preffure of other work on all concerned, 
 but more efpecially on myfelf 
 
 For then, there came to me the over- 
 powering vocation, for the fake of the Literature 
 of our Golden Age, of attempting (fingle-handed 
 though it might be, and when every one elfe forfook it and fled) the printing of A 
 Tranfcript of the Ra^ijlcrs of the Company of Stationers of London, 1 554-1646 ././'. 
 Through the toil and anxiety of the years 1873 to 1877, that great piece of work 
 was religioufly and accurately accompliflied, in four Demy 410 volumes, containing in all 
 fome 2,800//.: and thus the Bibliography of Sidney, Spenfer, Shake fpeare, Bacon, 
 Ben Jonfon, and their contemporaries, was fafely fecured from deflruction or oblivion, 
 to the end of time. 
 
 Other circumflances then intervened; fo that it was not till January 1885, on the 
 occafion of my firft vifit to Edinburgh (where the book was in hand), that I was able to 
 refume it. Once, however, the reproduction was again taken up, it was refolutely pufhed 
 through to its completion. 
 
 This Volume cannot fail to intereft the cultivated reader. One is able thcrem 
 to look out on the New World as its Difcoverers and firft Explorers looked upon it. 
 Now-a-days, this Globe has but few geographical myfteries; and it is lofing its romance as 
 faft as it is lofing its wild beafts. In the following Texts, however, the Wonderment of ] 
 its Difcovery in all its frelhnefs, is preferved, as in amber, for all time ; and they alfo 
 contain notices of not a few barbaric civilizations which have long fince paffed away 
 from off the face of the earth. 
 
 B3 » 
 
 587 
 
 > 
 
VI 
 
 To the Render. 
 
 But this book has alfo fomc very fpccial points of intcrcft : 
 
 It is in many rcfpccts, an Englidi Cyclopctdia of the geographical and fcientific 
 knowledge of its Age. 
 
 No one can read the portion of the Decades of Pictro Martire given herein, without 
 wifliing to know a great deal more about him and his writings. 
 
 A large portion of what little we do know about Sebaflian Cabot, will be found in 
 the notices of him fcattercd throuq;h this volume. 
 
 It may alfo be regarded as a fitting Literary Monument of one of the Private 
 Secretaries of Lord Burlcgh, and a very worthy Englifliman, Richatd Eden : of whom 
 fome account will be found at //. .xx.wii.-xlviii. ; and who was certainly one of the 
 principal Authors of the reign of Mary Tudor. 
 
 It is alfo clear, that from the third Text in this book (Eden's tranflation of the 
 Decades of Pietro Martire), which was publiflied in 1555, Francis Drake mufl have 
 obtained all the knowledge that Englifli books could give him refpecting the Wefl 
 Indies and the Spanilh Main, before he first went out there, under Captain John 
 Lovell, in 1565. 
 
 Laftly, William Shakefpearc read this third Text alfo, and created the character of 
 Caliban in the Tempcjl out of the defcription of the Patagonian giants given at//. 251-2. 
 
 But for us Moderns, the chief intercft in thefe three Works may be, that they are 
 the very beginning of a mighty Literature. The future of Mankind lies with the Anglo- 
 Saxon race : and of all Englifli books relating to the American portion of that race, the 
 three reprinted in this volume arc the very fiijl. 
 
 The large initial letters are in the Ityle of the Spanifli defigns of the Bifcayan, Juan 
 de Yciar (b. 1523), as they are found in the two editions of his Orthographia praclica, 
 Saragoffa, 1548 and 1550, 4to. Yciar, who evidently looked upon tliem as the gems of 
 his Work, calls them Lctras de Conipas para illiimiuadores. 
 
 In conclufion I desire mofl; gratefully to acknowledge and record the very kind and 
 
 cordial help rendered to me in the reproduction of this volume at Edinburgh, by the late 
 
 Mr William Burnefs and the late Mr John Stevenfon, with whom it was commenced: 
 
 and alfo by Mr James Skinner, of the firm of Meffrs Burnefs & Co., and Mr James 
 
 Turnbull, of the firm of Meffrs Turnbull & Spears, by whom it has been brought to a 
 
 succeffful conclufion. 
 
 EDWARD ARBER. 
 
 Sir Josiah Mason's College, 
 Birmingham. 
 
Contents. 
 
 To the Reader . 
 Contents , . 
 
 rUEFACE . 
 
 The First English book on America. 
 
 This Text is the first English book containing the word America (Armenica). 
 
 C 0/ the nctvc hxmics and of ye people founde by the messengers of the kynge\ 
 
 ofporlyngalc named EviamicL 
 
 Of the. X. dyucrs nacyons crystencd. 
 
 Of pope John and his landes and of the costely keyes and tvonders molodyes 
 
 that m that lande is. (Antwerp, ? 151 ,,] 410. 
 
 v.-vL 
 
 vii.-x. 
 
 xi.-xxii. 
 
 [ The voyat^c round Africa lo /inlia 
 Of tlie Ijlackt; Muics |of Guinea] 
 [Ofthelamlcof Albgo] . . . ,' 
 
 Arabia • ■ . . 
 
 Of greate Indyen ■ . . , 
 
 Of Uutchin [Coc/ii,,] that Kyngudonie . .' 
 
 Of Ihe X. dyvcrce a-hlcncd imdoiis 
 The fyist nacion [ The Latins and Germans] 
 The seconile nacyon [ 'J'/ie Greets] . . ' 
 
 The tliyrde nacyon [7iiey of India under Popcjchii] '. 
 
 The Life and Labours of Richard Eden 
 
 xxvii xxix.] 
 xxviii. 
 xxviii. 
 xxviii. 
 xxviii. 
 xxix. 
 
 XXX xxxi. 
 
 XXX, 
 XXX, 
 
 XXX, 
 
 The fourth nacyon {The Jacolnles ( ? Ahyssinians)] 
 
 The fyfih nacyon [r,4£'AVj/<vva;/t] . 
 
 The syxte nacyon [7y/cJ/,i)v«/V«] . 
 
 The seuenth nacyon [ The Armenians] 
 
 The eyght nacyon [ The Georgians] . 
 
 The nynthe nacyon [The Syrians and Samai i/ans] 
 
 The tenlhe nacyon [7/(«/J/D/-a/'/to] , 
 
 xxlii-xxxvi. 
 
 sxx. 
 xxxl. 
 xxxi. 
 xxxi. 
 xxxi. 
 xxxi. 
 xxxi, 
 
 [An al-ridi;ement of the medi.rful Legend of Presterjohn 
 Of the |)eoi)le named I'ygnies , 
 
 ■xxxvi.] 
 xxxiii. 
 
 xxxvii-xlviii 
 
 Richard Eden's Contributions to our Literature, during the reigns of Edward VL and Mary, 1533-1555. A.D. 
 
 € 
 
 The Second English book on America. 
 
 A treaty se of the ncive India, with other new founde landes and Ilandes^ 
 
 aswcll eastwarde as ivestwarde, as they are knowen and found in these oure dayes, 
 
 after the dcscripeion of Sebastian Mnnster in his boke of vniversall Cosmo^raphie • 
 
 ivheretn the diligent reader may see the good suecesse and rezoarde of noble and 
 
 honeste enterpryscs, by the whieh not only wordly ryehes are obtayned btct also 
 
 God IS glorified and the Christian fay th enlarged Translated out of Latin into 
 
 Enghshe. By Ryeharde Eden. [London. 1553.] 8vo. / 
 
 (Ricliard) Eden. [Dedication] To . . , the Duke of Northumberlande, hys Grace . 
 (Kicliard) Eden. To the Reader 
 
 The Table . 
 
 3-42 
 
 „^ , . . ^^ *'^^ "^^ve Ind'-i. as it is knowen and found in these our davcs 
 
 [The description of the Navigations from Spain to the new 
 
 Indi.a, E.astward .... 
 Of the Diamande slone, called in Latin Adamas '. 
 Of the kingdoms and cities of Narsinga and Canonor . 
 How the Elephantes in India are prepared to warre . 
 Of the beaste called Rhinoceros 
 or Calient, the most famous market towne of India '. 
 
 13] 
 M 
 14 
 
 15-16 
 16 
 
 1617 
 
 Of the maners of the Indians in Calicut 
 
 OfPepperand other spices which groweinthe region of Calicut 
 
 Of byrdes and beastes which are found in the region of 
 
 Calicut : and of the wyne of the nierueylous tree . 
 Of the sundrye kindes of Spices, which are founde in Calicti't, 
 
 and from whence they are brought thyther 
 Of the lland of Zaylon, and of Cinomome found there 
 
 5-6 
 
 7-1 1 
 12 
 
 13-27 
 
 17-18 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 20 
 
"'TMif, 
 
 VIII 
 
 Contents 
 
 of the cvtie i>f '/UniasKii, nnil the m.intT of lliu cylezins llioru 
 Of tile kinjjilcmis and I'it'iLS iif IV'^ii :inil llangclhi . . 
 
 Of llic fjriali' anil rychc llaiidc of Siiiiuilin, or Samoira, some- 
 
 lyiiie calki '/Iz/zviAiwa . , . , , 
 
 Oflhi: Il.indc of lloriRi ..... 
 
 Of the Hand of (liana ...... 
 
 Of the Ilanil of laiia ...... 
 
 Of lliu Hand (]f d/./y.ivirj.f;/- . . . . , 
 
 Of the Hand of Zaniilmr . . . . . 
 
 Of the two Handes, in one <if the which dwell onely men, and 
 
 in the other onely women .... 
 
 30-3t 
 
 ai 
 
 22 
 22 
 33 
 23 
 
 S3 
 83 
 
 84 
 
 Of the jjreate Kmpyrc <>( Cii//iaj', lieinj; vndcr the dominion of 
 the great t'ham (wliichp some call the great Can) Kmiur 
 oure of Jaildiia, in olde lyme called Siyihiii 
 
 Of cerlaine I'rouinces ami regions stdiiect vnder the dominion 
 of the greale ('ham I'jiiperour of Cii//(jy 
 
 Of the I'rouince of .\/aii.;i, ami ineiueylous eyties conleyncd 
 in the same ..... 
 
 Of the region of '/'iw;iit, and of the great deserles, am! 
 voyces of denylles heard in the sime, and of lli^ Sala 
 niandra ...... 
 
 2425 
 
 25-26 
 
 36 
 
 2627 
 
 C Of tlic iicwo India, and Ilandcs in tlic West Ocean Sea, how, wlien, and by whom t!iey were found, 2S-42 
 
 [Of the new Islands and India (jund in the West Ocean soa, 
 
 from Spain Westward and South west . . 2S-31, 33-30] 
 
 Of the two Handes /d/(((h»(| and ///(/.7;/(j ... 28 
 
 Of the people called Canihntcs or Aiil/ii\'/>i>/'liii:;i, which are 
 
 accustomed to cate mans lleslie .... 29 
 
 Of the maners of the inlialiitantes of the Hand ui J/isfaiia and 
 
 of suehe thyiiges as are founil there ... 29 
 
 How Coliiiiil'iis, afler he had found new Handes, returned 
 
 .agayne to .Spayne, where preparinge a ncwe nauie, he 
 
 toke his viage to ye Citni/>alcs .... 29-30 
 How the Admirall passed manye Handes, and what thynges 
 
 chaunced to hym and his companie in that viage . 30-31 
 
 How the Spaniardes aliased the submission and frendeshippe 
 
 of the inhaliitantes of the Handes . ... 31 
 
 How the Portugals sought new Handes in the East [lartes, 
 
 and how they came to Cd/hiil .... 32-33 
 How Miixfllaiiiis liy a strayght or narrow arme of the aea, 
 
 sayleil l>y the west into the East to dyucrs Handes : where 
 
 also he was slayne ..... 33-34 
 
 (Richard) Eden. To al aduenturers, and suche as take iu hande greate cntcrpryses 
 
 How the Spaniar<les came to the Handes of Motiiica, and of 
 
 the people with great hanging eares 
 The thyrile nauigacion of Chvislophonis Coliimlms 
 Howe /'/n/j .y/oz/jv/v souglite newo Handes . 
 Hen. J riinoitm, companion to the Admirall, sought newe 
 
 Handes ....... 
 
 Of the foure nauigacions of A iiwiitiis VespiUiiis to the newe 
 
 Handes ....... 
 
 The fyrste viage of Aincrinis t 'cifuliiis . . . 
 
 The seconde viage of I'cspiiliiis .... 
 
 The tliyrde viage of fVi/w/Z/w . . . . 
 
 The fourth viage of Vcspitlius ..... 
 
 How the king of I'ottugale sulnlucd certayn places in India: 
 
 and of the ryclie Cytie of .I/,(A;<7;ii 
 Of the Hand of MdUra, and the fortunate Handes, olherwyse 
 
 called the ll-mdes of C.i«<j)7'a .... 
 Whether vnder the ^7C,/uiiixlial circle or burninge lyne (called 
 
 Tonida zona) be habitable Regions . 
 
 3455 
 
 35-36 
 
 3(5 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 37-38 
 38 
 39 
 39 
 
 4C 
 
 4041 
 
 41-42 
 
 42 
 
 The Third English book on America. 
 
 T/ic Decades of the newe worlde or west India, conteynyng the nauigationsX 
 and cojiqncslcs of the Spanyardes, with the particular description of the mostc 
 ryche atid large landcs and Ilandcs lately fonndc in the west Ocean pcrtcynyng 
 to the inhcritaunce of the hinges of Spayne. In the which the diligent reader 
 may not only consydcr what commoditie may hereby chaunce to tlic hole christian 
 world in tyine to come, but also learne many sccreates touchyngc the landc, the sea, ) 
 and the starres, very nccessaric to be knoive?- o al such as shal attempte any naui- 
 gations, or otherivise hatte delite to beholde the strange and woondcrfull zcoorkes 
 of God and nature. Wrytten in the Latine totivge by Peter Martyr of 
 Angleria, and translated into Englysshe by Rycharde Eden. 
 
 Londini, In sedibus Guilhelmi Powell. Anno. 1555. / 
 
 43-39S 
 
 The Table of the Contents of this Booke (besvde the Decades) 45 
 
 (Richard) Eden. Latin Epistle to King Philip and Queen Mary ...... 4C-48 
 
 (Richard) Eden. To the Reader 49-6o 
 
 [Section 1 61-204.] 
 
 (Pictro) Martire's Epistle to the Emperor Charles V., 30 September 15 16 
 
 C3-64 
 
..r 
 
 
 cr- 
 
 
 
 S4-2S 
 
 on 
 
 
 . 
 
 25-26 
 
 ICll 
 
 
 . 
 
 26 
 
 2627 
 
 28-42 
 
 34-55 
 
 36 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 37-38 
 38 
 39 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 4041 
 
 41-42 
 
 Contents. 
 
 Tlic I'irst Decade (or Ten I5ooks) 
 
 liiKik I. 
 
 ISook 11. 
 
 Bonk III. 
 
 liuuk IV. 
 
 Buok V. 
 
 Book I. 
 
 l!ook 1 1. 
 
 Book III. 
 
 Book IV. 
 
 Book V. 
 
 Book I. 
 
 Book ir. 
 
 Book \\\. 
 
 Bool. ■ V. 
 
 Book . 
 
 (/■\ir icnfciits, .(«//>. 391-3) 
 
 65-68 
 68-72 
 
 73-79 
 79-82 
 82-S7 
 
 Bonk VI. . 
 
 Book VII. 
 Book Vllf. 
 Book I.\. . 
 Book .\. , 
 
 {For (OiiUiils, see ff. 393-4) 
 
 The Second Decade 
 Book VI. . 
 Book VII. 
 Book VI ir 
 
 106 III 
 111-114 
 I14-I18 
 118-120 
 120-122 
 
 )k I.\. 
 )k X. 
 
 The Third Decade 
 
 (I'or civitciits, sec f^. 395-7) 
 
 •37-142 
 142-145 
 146-150 
 150-156 
 156-160 
 
 l!..ok VI. . 
 
 l!..nk VII. 
 
 Book VIII. 
 Book IX. . 
 Book X. . 
 
 Of tlie Landcs and Ilandcs lately foundc 
 V jpc Alexander VI. Bull dividing the New World between the .Spaniards and the 
 4 May 1593 . . . .In Latin and English. 
 
 [Section II. . . . 205-2 ;3.] 
 
 (Richard) Eden. To the Reader ....... 
 
 (Gonzalo) Fernandez dc Ovicdo \ "'aides. Epistle io the Emperor Charles V. . 
 
 ihc [Natural] liystorie of the weste Indies 
 
 Of the ordin-iry nauygalion from Spaync to the Wcbtj 
 Inilic's ...... 
 
 Of twoo not.iblc thynycs as touchyng the \Vc-' Indies : 
 Ami of the great rychcsse brought froin thcubc into 
 Spnync ...... 
 
 Of the niynes of golde, and the maner of woorkynge in 
 thcym ...... 
 
 Of the maner of fyshynge for perles . . 
 
 Of the famili.iritie which ccrteyne of the Indians haue 
 with the deuyll, and howe tliey rcceaiic answcre of 
 hyni of thynges to coome .... 
 
 Of tlie temperature of the regions vndcr or nearc to the 
 burnt lyne cauled Toiriila zona or the Efiuinociiall : 
 and of the dyuers seasons of tlie yeare 
 
 Of dyuers particular thynges, as woornies, scrpcntes, 
 beastcs, foules, trees, etc. .... 
 
 Of trees, fruitcs, and plantes .... 
 
 211-213 
 213-215 
 
 15-216 
 
 217-218 
 
 219-225 
 225227 
 
 Of Ueedes or Canes ..... 
 
 Of venemous apples whcrwith they [loyson Iheyr arrowcs 
 
 Of fysslies anil of the maner of fysshynge . 
 
 Of th[e]increase and decrease (that is) rysyngc and 
 faullynRC of our Ocean sea and Southe sea caullcd the 
 sea of Siir ...,,. 
 
 Ofthestrayghtornarowepassageof thelandelyingebetwene 
 Uic North and South sea, by the whiche spyccs may 
 much sooner and easlyer be brought trim the llan It > 
 of Moliiica into Spaync by the West Ocean then by 
 that way wherhy the I'orlugales sayle into Kasl Indi.'i 
 
 Of the maners and cusi,<ines of the Indians of the firnio 
 lande, and of theyr women .... 
 
 Of the chiefe Ilandcs Ilispaiiiola and Ctida 
 
 Of the Ilande of Cuba and other . . . . 
 
 Of the lande of BacoaUos cauled Terra Bucalearum, 
 situate on the North syde of the firmc lande. , 
 
 IX 
 
 
 C5-10S 
 
 
 ■S7.,jo 
 
 
 90-73 
 
 
 94-96 
 
 
 96- 102 
 
 
 103-105 
 
 
 106-136 
 
 
 122-125 
 
 
 126-129 
 
 
 129 130 
 
 
 >30->34 
 
 
 134 "3<> 
 
 
 i37-«85 
 
 
 161-165 
 
 
 165-169 
 
 
 170 174 
 
 
 175-178 
 
 
 178-185 
 
 
 186-200 
 
 Portuguese, 
 
 
 , , 
 
 . 201-204 
 
 207 
 
 208-209 
 
 210-242 
 
 227-229 
 
 229230 
 230-233 
 
 233234 
 
 231-236 
 
 237238 
 
 239-241 
 
 241 
 
 242 
 
 45 
 46-48 
 49-60 
 
 C3-64 
 
 [Section III. 
 
 Of the Universal Carde .and Ncwe Worlde . . 245 
 
 (Richard) Eden. A Discourse of the Vyage made by 
 
 the .Spanyardes rounde abowte the Worlde . . 246-247 
 
 Maximilitin Transilvanius. Epistle to the Kmperor 
 
 Charles V. . . . . . . 247-248 
 
 243-280.] 
 (Antonio) I'igafetta. A briefe Declaration of the Vyrge 
 
 or Navigation made abowle the Worlde 
 Of the prices of Precious Stones and .Spices 
 Cadamosto of the Dooues of the Ilande of M.adera 
 Of the Ilande of saynt Thomas under the E((uinoctiall line 
 
 (Francisco) Lopez dc Gomara. The Debate and Stryfe bctwenc the Spanyardes and Portugale.'-. 
 
 for the diuision of the Indies and the trade of Spices [at the Conference at Badajos, in 152.^] 
 
 (Amerigo) Vespucci. 
 (Andreas) de Corsali. 
 
 - Of the Pole Antartike and the Starres about the same, &c. 
 
 Of Moscouie and Catha^ 
 
 (Galeazzo) Butrigarius 
 (Sebastian) Cabot . 
 
 [Section IV, 
 
 2S3 
 883 
 
 281-334.] 
 
 (Sekislian) Miinster. (J.icopo) Gastaldo. 
 description of Moscouia 
 
 A briefe 
 
 249-262 
 
 263-269 
 
 270 
 
 270 
 
 271-274 
 277-280 
 
 283-294 
 
 291-293 
 
Contents. 
 
 (Jacobus) Ziglcrus. 
 
 Of the North Regions and of tlio moderate anil conlinuall 
 heate in coiiMe regions aswcH in the nyglit as in the 
 day in the suonimer season 
 
 Schondia ...... 
 
 Clronlande ..... 
 
 Islandc .,..,. 
 
 Of the Nortli Regions 
 
 Laponia 
 
 Norwcgia or Norway 
 
 .Suecia or Svethlandc 
 
 liothnia 
 
 Gotliia or Gothlande 
 
 Finland and Eningia 
 
 295-29S 
 298-299 
 
 299 
 
 300 
 
 (Girolamo) Cardano. Of the difference of Regions, and causes of great cities 
 
 (Paolo) Giovio, Bisiiop of Noccra. The Historic . . . of the Legation or Ambassade of tli: 
 
 greatc l^asilius I'rince of Moscouia to Pope Clement VII. of that name 
 (Sigismund) Liber. Other notable Things concerning Moscovia .... 
 
 The description of the regions, people, and ryiiers, lying More directly from Moscouia to Cathr.y 
 
 North and Eastc from Moscouia . . . 322-324 Of the Tartars 
 
 Of the famous ryuer of Tanais .... 324-32S The nauigalion by the frosen sea . 
 
 Edward VI. The Copy of the Letters Missive . . . sent to the Kynges, Princes, and other 
 potentates inhabytyngc the Northeast partes of the worldc towarde the myghtye 
 Empire of Cathaye. 1553 . . In Latin and English. ..... 
 
 295-306 
 3o>-.i03 
 
 303-304 
 30s 
 30.1 
 306 
 305 
 
 307 
 
 .30S-3I7 
 318-321 
 
 325-326 
 327-330 
 330332 
 
 333"334 
 
 [Section V, 
 (Francisco) Lopez de Gomara. 
 (Sebastian) C ibot. 
 
 Of the foteknowlcage that the Poet Seneca had of the 
 fyndynge of this new Worlde anil other Regions not 
 then knowen ...... 337 
 
 Of the great Ilande which I'lato cauled Atlantica or 
 
 Atlantide ...... 337-338 
 
 Of the colour of the Indians .... 338 
 
 Why they were cauled Indians .... 339 
 
 The fyr.)le iliscouerynge of the Wcsle Indies . . 339 
 
 What nianer of man C'hryslopher Colon was : and howo 
 
 he Came fyrst to the knowlcagc of the Indies . 340 
 
 What lalniur and trauayle Colon tooke in altemptyng his 
 
 fyrst vyage to the Indies .... 340-342 
 
 Of newe .Spayne cauled Noua Ilispania, or Mexico . 342 
 
 Of Peru 343 
 
 Of the great ryuer cauled Rio de la Plata (that is) the 
 ryuer of syluer 
 
 33S-3S2.] 
 Other notable thyngcs as touchingc the Indies 
 
 Of the hygher East India cauled India Teiccia or Tercicra 
 Of the landes of L.al)orador and Haccalaos, lyinge west and 
 
 northwest from Englande, and beinge parte of the 
 
 firme lande of the West Indies 
 The discoueryngc of the lande of Kloryda 
 An opinion that Europa, Africa, and Asia, are Ilandes : 
 
 and of certcyne nauigations abowt the same . 
 That the Spanyardes haue sayled to the Antipodes (that 
 
 is) suche as go ficle to fiete ageynst vs, and inhabitc 
 
 the inferiour hemispheiie or halfe globe of the eaitho, 
 
 contrarie to tli[e]oppinion of the owlde writers 
 Who fyrst founde the needle of the compasse, and the \ fo 
 
 therof ...... 
 
 The Situacion and byggencs of the earth . 
 
 What degrees are ...... 
 
 343-344 
 
 (Richard) Eden. A demonstration of the roundnesse of the Earth .... 
 
 Diodorus, Siculiis. What credit ought to bee gyuen to Wryters as touchynge the workes of nature 
 
 337-350 
 344 
 
 344-345 
 345-346 
 
 34'i-347 
 
 347-348 
 
 34S-349 
 
 349 
 
 349350 
 
 350 
 3St 
 
 [Section VI. . . . 353-3^-] 
 
 (Richard) Eden. The preface to T/ie Booic of Jl/c/ir/s . . . . . . 355 
 
 (Vannuccio) Biringuccio. Of the generation of Metallcs, and their myncs ; with the maner of 
 
 fyndinge the same .......... 35^5-362 
 
 Of the niyne of golde and the qualitie therof in particular 362-366 | Of (he niyne of siluer and the qualitic therof . 366-36S 
 
 Diodorus, Siciilus, The maner of workynge in golde mynes in Egipt in owld tymc . . 369 
 
 [Section VII. . . . 371-390-] 
 
 (Richard) Eden. The Description of the two Viages made owt of England into Guinea 
 (Richard) Eden. A bieefe Description of Aftrike ...... 
 
 The fyrst Vyage to Guinea ......... 
 
 The Second Vyage to Guinea ........ 
 
 Gemma Phrysius. The maner of fyndynge the Longitude of Regions l)y dyucrs wayes . 
 
 373 
 
 374 
 
 375-378 
 
 3«9-390 
 
 A BRYEFE REIIERSAL OF THE CONTENTES OF THE DECADES 
 (Richard) Eden. Th[e] Interprctours excuse ..... 
 
 I N 1) i: .\ . 
 
 391-398 
 
 398 
 .■^99-408 
 
295-306 
 
 301-303 
 303-304 
 
 305 
 30S 
 3o6 
 
 306 
 
 ^ m e if a c e. 
 
 333-334 
 
 337-350 
 344 
 
 344-345 
 345-346 
 
 34'^-j47 
 
 347-348 
 
 34S-349 
 349 
 
 349-350 
 
 350 
 351 
 
 355 
 
 356-363 
 366-368 
 
 369 
 
 373 
 
 374 
 
 375-378 
 
 379-383 
 
 3S9-390 
 
 391-398 
 
 398 
 
 399-403 
 
 the united wit and genius of the nation (throufh all the 
 vicissitudes of earthly empire) can raise it. It rests not long 
 at the summit ; but first declines, and then decays. In its full 
 ripeness, it oftentimes lights up the mind of younger and suc- 
 ceeding races ; and so, at length, its life and vitality pass away, 
 Thus has the now blazing, now dim, torch of human knowledge 
 and mind-craft been handed down to us over the heads of 
 the nations, through all the successive Ages of Time. 
 
 Human literature is also, like human nature, in many essen- 
 tials evermore the same in all Ages. As is the life of a Man ; 
 so is the mind, that is, the higher life, which is the glory of a 
 Nation, lioth alike pass through Inception, Growth, Floi 's- 
 cence. Decay, and Death; both alike but minister to the 
 purposes of a Power greater than they, until the cycle of His 
 plans shall be comiiletcd. Then cometh the end, when the 
 AVorld shall crack at the fiat of the Almighty Trinity. 
 
 Instances of this Law of successive Literary Cycles 
 intcr-ringing one with the other, re.adily suggest themselves. 
 Such was the Literature of Greece in its earlier relations to Egypt 
 and Phceriicia ; and in its later to Rome. .Such also that of 
 the Haiaissaiice in Italy, in respect to the Greek literature of 
 r.yzantium ; and to i-ts subse'iuent intluence (which, either as 
 to fulness or extent, has hardly yet been measured) on the 
 rawer nalicins of Spain, Germany, France, and England. 
 
 riLL labouring in the diffusion of English Literature: \vc here, with heart-felt 
 pleasure, jjresent the re.ider with reprints of three exceedingly rare, curious, 
 and costly Cosmographical Works; which are also the very earliest printed 
 documents in our language, relating to South, Central, and North .America. 
 
 It rarely falls to the lot of man to be able to put one's hand on the very 
 earliest beginnings of a mighty literature. Yet it is not too much to say, that of 
 all the vast multitude of English books that have been, or ever will be, pro- 
 duced, cither in, or relating to, what we call our N'ew World ; the three Works 
 reprinted in this Volume are the very first and earliest. However mighty and 
 majestic, however subtle and eloquent, however deep and (lir-reachin;^, the 
 American-English literature may become; here are its first fruits ! Whatever 
 period of ment.al florescence and splendour may yet be in store for the English- 
 speaking races on that vast Continent; with these three Works begins the 
 printed English Story of their Action, their Mind, and their Progress. 
 
 Almost all nations light their lamp with fire borrowed from their predeces- 
 sors. They commence with translations ; progress to imitations ; and then, 
 often by distinctly marked steps, the Literature mounts up to the height to which 
 Such was that of Spain (which now we consider so dead), with 
 reference to the anterior civilisation and letters of the .Moorish 
 kingdom there. Sucli undoubtedly has been, and will be the 
 literature of England ; now, it m.iy be, in the early afternoon 
 of its glory. And such has been, and will be that of English- 
 America; now in the morning of its strength and power. 
 In the words of the great and wise Preacher, " To every 
 thing there is a season, and a lime to every purpose under 
 heaven." 
 
 Under any circumstances, therefore, the present Texts would 
 excite great interest; whatever might be the nature of their 
 contents. It is pleasant, however, to find that each of them has 
 for us modern readers, a distinct interest and a strong charm : 
 while all three do afford us a most vivid picture of those e.irly 
 d.ays of oceanic discovery ; of the terrible real dangers, and the 
 sti'' more terrible imaginary ones, undergone and dared by the 
 m.any noble-hearted Portuguese and Sjianiards for themselves 
 and for us ; when they wan, in their little cockboats, for the 
 succeeding Human Race, a truer knowledge of the Globe in 
 which, by the Divine Providence, it has been jjlaced. 
 
 But the first imijression— the most salient and significant 
 interest of this volume — is that it contains reprints of 2'/ie 
 first Thici' Eu\;lish books on Amcriui. 
 
XI 1 
 
 1* k li !■ A C !• . 
 
 II. 
 
 Ur next consklcratioii respects tlieir contem- 
 porary standpoint ; their relation to the 
 story of the nation, for whom the three 
 'J'exts were printed : and especially to 
 supply Eden's omissions, as regards the 
 very early oceanic voyages of the English, 
 both East and V/est. 
 These jjiiblications are of great and perpetual interest, 
 inasmuch as they photograph for all ti ^^o, the fragmentary and 
 im|)erfe(tly attained knowledge, and the vast and credulous 
 wonderment, prevailing in England in respect to far-tlistant 
 countries, during the reigns of Henry VIII. and his two im- 
 mediate successors. The Texts of this volume embrace, in fact, 
 all that the gentry and merchants of England could, down 
 to the year 1555, a.d., read in the tongue in which they were 
 born, of the wonderful discoveries, and still more marvellous 
 conquests, of the Portuguese and Spaniards in the two Inilies. 
 Neither was this amount of ]irinted information much added 
 to, in Eden's lifetime. His greatest literary feat — the Compila- 
 tion of 1555 — found no immediate imitators : so that it was left 
 to himself (after twenty years more, of great vicissitude, had 
 p;ssed over his head) to undertake its re[)ctition, in the form 
 of a Second and much revised Edition of this labour of 
 love ; in the preparation of which he died. This revised Com- 
 pilation finally appeared in 1577, "set in order, augmented, 
 and finished" by Richard Willes, under the fresh title of 17ie 
 History of Traiiayk in the West and East Indies, and other 
 eoiintreys tyin^ either icay, e-^r. It was fi\e jears later (1582), 
 liiat R[ichard] H[akluyt] published his first Collection, under 
 the title 01 Ditiers voyages, &--e. 
 
 An enquiry into the printed naval literature of Queen 
 Elizabeth's reign, has also elicited the foct, that it was not 
 until about that same year (1577), that our Oceanic Literature 
 fairly began to constitute a distinct section of English books. 
 It soon, however, greatly increased in bulk, variety, and 
 interest ; until now, it has no compeer in any other language. 
 Eden is therefore, in very deed, the Pioneer of Prilish 
 geographic research, the very Eirst of our Naval Chroni- 
 clers, and the Herald and Forenmner ot all our subsequent 
 discoveries and victories at sea. So that in English literary 
 history, Richar<l I-'.den stands in the same relation to Richard 
 Hakluyt, that Richard Hakluyt does to Samuel Purchas ; and 
 Samuel Purchas, to our present Hakluyt and Royal Geo- 
 graphical Societies. 
 
 This multifarious volume should be studied in conjunction 
 with the inland Chronicles of Halle, Grafton, Stow, and others; 
 together with the more modern histories of the Reformatioii 
 Age. These are chielly, if not exclusively, occupied with home 
 and continental affairs ; and but rarely travel further abroad. 
 In this direction, this Work will helj), in a very important 
 manner, to complete for us, the external history of England, 
 during the period 1511-1555, A.n. 
 
 2. It will soon, however, be seen that it does thi.i rather by 
 way of narrating the deeds of other nations, and thereby teaching 
 and guiding our forefathers to do the like ; than by describing 
 
 the English navigations of its own time. Indeed, there aie 
 only two English voyages described in it with any detail, and 
 those are rather late ones, viz., the voyages to Guinea in 1553 
 and 1554. Yet these accounts (the very earliest of their kind 
 ever printed in our language) were not, as it is quite evident 
 from page 388, included in the original conception and plan 
 of the Work: but were added, just as the book was being com- 
 pleted, by way of a postscript; the extra expense of which, was 
 borne by Master Toy, the Lonilon printer and publisher. 
 
 It is also to be especially noted, that this omission did not 
 arise because there were no English Voyages to relate ; but be- 
 cause the custom of narrating them in print had not yet arisen 
 in our language. Sea-Histories had not, as yet, become an 
 section of our Literature. 
 
 Inasnnich, therefore, as so large a portion of this Volume is 
 occupied with the famous deeds of other nations, and particu- 
 larly of those of the Spaniards ; it may be well (as it is indeed 
 but just to our own race) to place in the forefront of them all, 
 a very slight account, by way of a rescue from oblivion, of the 
 sea-doings and sea-daring of our forefathers in the reigns of 
 Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Mary : — narrating the Oceanic 
 voyages with fuller detail than those to the Continent and the 
 Levant, as they were the more adventurous antl difficult. 
 
 3. From the capture of Constantinople in 1454, till after the 
 battle of Lepanto in 1572 ; there was an almost ceaseless fight 
 between the Christians and the Turks along the eastern shores 
 of the Mediterranean Sea. The Knights of St. John of Jeru- 
 salem, after they had been driven from Rhodes in 1522, finally 
 settled at Malta in 1530; where by their heroic valour in the 
 frightful siege in 1565, they materially contributed, with the 
 great naval victory of Don John of Austria, to stem the flow 
 of 'I'urkish invasion, which else threatened to swallow up all 
 Christian States. 
 
 Recollecting that the formidable, ruthless, and barbaric power 
 of the Turkish empire was at this tinie ever surging onward 
 and westward in those eastern seas; it will interest most of us to 
 know that there \\as a regular organised and tlirect conmierce 
 by .sea between England and the Levant so early as 1511, a.d.; 
 and for many years afterwards. For our knowledge of this we 
 are indebted to our great English Worthy and famous Cosmo- 
 grapher Richard Hakluyt, Preacher; sometime a Student of 
 Christ Church in Oxford ; who, in the second edition of his great 
 work entitled The Prineipal Navigations, Voyages, Traffl</ues,and 
 Discouerits of the English Xation, <i^c. &'C., London, 1599-1600 
 fob, has preserved for us the following important note on — 
 
 Tlie ant'iqiiilic 0/ the trade -.cil/t Englijh Jhif'S into the I.fii.int. 
 
 N ihoyccrcsofourc Lcml, 1511, 1512, &c., till the yccre 1534. 
 iliucrs tail lliipsof/ci;;,/,'//, namely, The Chiijlopher Camf>ioii, 
 wlicri'iii was Kactor one A\\i,vr lyhilcome; llie Miiiy George, 
 v.l-.erein was Kactor ll'i//i\ini Ciejhtxm; the yrcat Maty 
 Grate, llic Owner wliereof, was William Gntifon, .-nd the 
 niaflcr one lohn Hely, the Thiiilie J-il:-'i'illiams, whereof was mafler 
 I.aiireiiee Alley; t!ic Malthno of Lomlon, whereof was mailer William 
 Caf'lini;, wilh cerlainc other fl\iiis u{ Sciithaiii/'loii and llnjloi^', had an 
 onliiiaric and vfu.ill Ir.idc Id Sitilta, CaiuUe, Chio, and fomewhiles la 
 Cyl'iiis, as alfo to Tiipolii and Vaiiiiti \tnyn'Ul\ in Syria. The euni- 
 
Preface. 
 
 XIII 
 
 
 i 
 
 ;cl, there aie 
 
 . ■-■■' 
 
 y detail, and 
 
 i 
 
 linca in 1553 
 
 «■ 
 
 Df their kind 
 
 ■ i:.:.V- 
 
 [uite evident 
 
 % 
 
 on and plan 
 
 ■■^' 
 
 s being com- 
 
 jf which, was 
 
 ■-■■^i; 
 
 blisher. 
 
 ■f 
 
 sion did not 
 
 
 late ; but be- 
 
 
 lot yet arisen 
 
 .-k, 
 
 -'.-!(->; 
 
 , become an 
 
 
 lis Volume is 
 
 '•4 
 
 and particu- 
 
 
 s it is indeed 
 
 
 t of them all, 
 
 'ic^;*' 
 
 livion, of the 
 
 1 
 
 the reigns of 
 
 the Oceanic 
 
 1 
 
 nent and the 
 
 lilhcult. 
 
 Wm 
 
 I, till after the 
 
 ^K 
 
 easeless fight 
 
 '% 
 
 astern shores 
 
 ' V 
 
 ohn of Jeru- 
 
 k 
 
 1522, finally 
 
 
 valour in the 
 
 ed, with the 
 
 -i 
 
 teni the flow 
 
 ^^ 
 
 allow \i[) all 
 
 %. 
 
 rbaric power 
 
 s$ 
 
 ging onward 
 
 
 nost of us to 
 
 
 :t conunerce 
 
 '^B 
 
 s 1511, A.U.; 
 
 
 ,'e of this we 
 
 iflH 
 
 lous Cosmo- 
 
 
 Student of 
 
 
 1 of his great 
 
 
 ■affiqitcs, and 
 
 
 , 1599-1600 
 
 
 lote on — 
 
 
 Lcuant. 
 
 % 
 
 hcyccre 1534. 
 
 ■1 
 
 '/t/i,-!- Ciim/'ion, 
 
 i 
 
 Miiiy Georf^c, 
 
 
 s great Atiiry 
 
 
 )i/oii, rnd the 
 
 
 if was maflcr 
 
 
 lalU'r Williom 
 
 
 ijlow, had an 
 
 
 umewhilcs to 
 
 }^ 
 
 a. The com- 
 
 'i 
 
 muilitios which they caricd thither were fine Kerfies of diuers cn'.mirs, 
 courfc Kerficii, white Wefteme dozens, Cottons, certaine clotlies called 
 Satutes, and otiicrs cal! :d Cardinal-whites, and Caluclkins which were well 
 foKl in Sicilir, &c. '1 .le commodities which they returned liacke were 
 Silks, Chatnlcts, liubarlio, Malmefies, Mulkadcls and other wines, fwcete 
 oylcs, coltcn wooll, Turkic carpets, ("lalles, Pejiper, Cinamoin, and foir.e 
 other fpices, &c. Befides, the uaturall inhabitants of the forcfayd places, 
 they had, eiicn in t'.iose dayes, traffiqiie v.-ith lewes, Turkes, and othc. 
 forreincrs. Neither did our merchants onely cnijiloy their ownc Englifli 
 fliippinghefure mentioned, but fuiidry ftrangers alfo : as namely, Car.diots, 
 Kiigii/ciiiis, Skiliiins, Ci-n,^iuzes, Vaielinn gallialTcs, Spanish and Fortiis^aU 
 (liips. All which particulars doe mud euidcntly appcare out of certaine 
 auncient Ligier bookes \i.c. I.e.lj;as\ of the R[ight]. W[or(liipful]. Sir 
 IVilliiim /di/v Mercer of I.oniion, of Sir ll'ilUam Bo;iyer Alderman of 
 I.oiiJoti, of mailer lohn Giejliani, and of ot'.iers; which I Kkhard Itakliiyt 
 haue diligently perufed and copied out. — Vol. II,, Part I., /. 96, Ed. 1599. 
 
 4. Next in the order of time coines the mythical voyage of 
 1517 of Sebastian Cabot and Sir Thomas Pert from England 
 towanls Cathay ; the sole authority for which is Eden's state- 
 ment at page 6 of this Volume : in which, so far as we have 
 been able to inquire, we believe him to have been utterly 
 mistaken, and that the voyage had no existence ; and the more 
 especially because Sebastian Cabot was at that date in Sjiain, 
 where he remained until after the Conference of Badajos in 
 1524, which (as Gomara tells us at/. 272) he attended as an 
 expert on behalf of the Emperor Charles V. 
 
 5. Important and authentic as is that early Levant traffic ; 
 it was a very different thing from a \oyage across the then but 
 half discovered Atlantic. As I'ietro Martirc vaunts, few or 
 none but Spaniards were licensed to go from Spain to the 
 New World. It is, therefore, very striking to find, ere Cortes 
 had consolidated his marvellous conciuest of Mexico, or Pizarro 
 had finally set forth to imitate him in Peru ; and while at home, 
 the great Cardinal was in serene prosperity and unruftled 
 power, our first printed New Testaments were being secretly 
 rcatl in the princijjal English towns, and our nation's Refijrma- 
 tion was just beginning to bud forth : it is indeed surprising to 
 trace one Englishman at least in the West Indies ; to learn, of 
 a certainty, that one, if not two English expeditions had 
 reached the American coast ; and, most startling of all, to 
 know that one of these squadrons found in the harbour of 
 St John's, Newfoundland, not another royal fleet of discovery, 
 but a fleet of fourteen fishiiii^hoats (and, if Spanish reports be 
 correct, thirty or forty more in the neighbourhood), that had 
 ventured (at a time when, to us, so little appears to have been 
 known of the north-eastern seaboard of America; and so much 
 to have been dreailed in a voyage thither) across the wide 
 Atlantic, simply for the sake of codfish. 
 
 6. Hakluyt gives the following account of Thomas Tyson 
 or Tison, the first Englishman known to have reached the 
 West Inilies ; — 
 
 A Imcfc note conccrithti; an ancient trade of the En:^lijli Marchanis to the 
 Canarie-ilands, gathered out of an olde ligier booke [ledger] of .M. Nicolas 
 Thome the elder a worjhipfull marehant of the city of Ihilloll. 
 
 I'V appeareth euidcntly out of a certaine note or letter of remem- 
 br.mcc, in the cultotly of me A'/<7/.7;v/ //,(/■/«)'/, written by M. 
 A'itvlas Thome the elder a principall marehant of lirijloll, 
 to his friend ami factour Thomas Midnall and his owne 
 feruant William Inillard at that time refident in S. l.iuar 
 in Aiidelinia ; that in the yccro of our Lord 1526 (and by all circumstances 
 
 and prob.abilities long before) certaine Knglilli marchants, and among the 
 reft himfelfe with one Thomas Sf'aeheford exercifeil vfuall and ordinary 
 tr.ide of m.irchandife vnlo the Can.iiie Hands. l''or by the fayd letter 
 notice was giuen to Thomas Midnall and William Jiallard aforefayd, that 
 a cert.aine lliip called The Chrijlo/'her of Cadi: bound for the ll'ijl Indies 
 had taken in certaine fardels of clotji both courfe and fine, broad and nar- 
 row of diuers forts and colours, fome arouas [arohas] of ppckthrecd, fixe 
 cerons or bagges of fope, with other goods of M. Xieolas Thome, to be 
 deliuered at Santa Cruz, the chiefe towne in Tenerifa, one of the feuen 
 Canary-Hands. All which commodities the fayd Thomas xiv\ Il'illiam were 
 aiuhorized by the owner in the letter before mentioned to barter and fell 
 aw.ay at Santa Cruz. And in lieu of fuch mony as (hould arife of the fale 
 of thofe goods, they were appointed to returne backe into England S!,inv\ 
 (lore of Orchell (which is a certaine kinde of molTe growing vpon high 
 rocks, in tliofe dayes much vfcd to die wilhall), fome quantily of fugar, and 
 certaine hundreds of kid-lkinnes. I'or the procuring of which and of 
 other commoilities, at the bell and firfthand, thefaid 'Thomas nni Il'illiiim 
 were to make their aliode at .Santa Cruz, and to remaine there as factours 
 for the abouefaid M[after] Xicolas Thome. 
 
 And here alfo I thought good to fignifie, that in the fayd letters mention 
 is made of one Thomas Tifon, an ICnglilh man, who befoiv; the furefayd 
 ycrc 1526 li.ad foimd the way to the Wejl Indies, and was there refident, 
 vnto whom the fayd M[a(ler] Xicolas Thome feiit certaine armour and 
 other commodities fpecified in the letter afcprcfiiyd. — I rincif^al Xavigations, 
 ^c. Z^c. oj the English Nation, Vol. II., Part 11.,/. 3, Ed. 1599. 
 
 Hakluyt, referring again to this note, hazards the following 
 surmise : — 
 
 This Thomas Tifon (fo fane as I can coniecture) may fecme to haue bene 
 fome fecret factour for M. Thome and other ICnglilli marchants in tlnifc 
 remote partes, whereby it is jirobable that fome of our marchanis had a 
 kind of trade to the Weft Indies, euen in thofe ancient times and before 
 alfo. — /dem, Vol. HI.,/. 500, Ed. iCco. 
 
 This conjecture is confirmed by the fact that Nicolas Thome, 
 at his death in 1527, owed this Thomas Tyson the sum of 
 ;^i2 : ss. (probably on account of business).— See Lfttcis ami 
 Pilfers on the IMi^n of Henry VIII., Edited by the Rev. J. S. 
 Brewer, M.A., /K (2),/. 1256. 
 
 7. Imbedded in Halle's Chronicle is the following note, 
 quite unconnected with anything going before or after, and to 
 which also he makes no subsequent allusion whatever: — 
 
 This fame moneth [.May 1527, 19 lien. VIII.], the kyng fent two fayre 
 fliippes, well manned and vitailed, Imuing in theim diuers cimning men, to 
 feke ftr.ange regions; and fo furth. thei fct, out of the 'riiamis, the Iwcntie 
 day of May, if thei fped well you (liall here at their retorne. fol. 158, b. 
 
 This note Richard Giafton, who had [jrinted Halle's Chro- 
 nicles in 1548, transferred (with but variations of spelling) to/. 
 1 149 of his own Chronicle, i)rinted by Henry Denham in 1569. 
 
 Richard Hakltiyt, in his Principal Navigations, Fi'jaxcs, ami 
 Diseoi 'cries, thus records his researches as to this exiiedition : — 
 
 iNI) whereas mafter Hall and mafterOrafion fay, that in thofe 
 Ihips there were iliuers cunning men, I haue made great 
 intjuirieof fuehas, by their yeeres and delight in niiuigation, 
 might giue me any light to know who thofe cunning men 
 nujulil be, which were the directers in the aforefaytl voyage. 
 And it hath bene told mee by Sir Martin Krrdiillier, and mafter Richard 
 Allen a Knight of the Sepulchre, that a Canon of S. Paul in I.ondcin, 
 which was a great Mathematician, and a man indued with wealth, did much 
 .adviance the action, and went therein himfelfe in perfon, but what hi^ name 
 was, I can not le.arne of any. And further they told mee that one of the 
 Ihips was called the Vominiis 7vl<iscnm,\\\\K\\ is a name likely to bee giuen 
 by a religious man of thofe dales, and that failing very fane Norlhwell- 
 ward, one of the Ihips was call away as it entreil into a dangerous gulplie, 
 about the great opening, betweene the N. rth partes of New found land, 
 and tliecoimtrey lately called by her maicllie Mela Incognita [i.e. I.abr.ador]. 
 
XIV 
 
 Preface. 
 
 Wlicicupon the otlicr niipfliapinq licr courfe towards Cape Brillov, ami llie 
 coaft of I\'oniml>c:^a [Ilakluyt substitutes Araml'Cc in his 1600 Edition], 
 and oftentimes pultiuf; their men on land to fearch the (late of tliofe 
 vnknowen rcjjiuns, retuined hcime about the bejjinninij of October, of the 
 yeerc aforefaid. And thus much {by reafuu of the great nejjliijence of the 
 writers of thofe times, who fliouhl haue vfed more care in preferuing the 
 memories of the worthie actes of our nation) is all that hitherto I can learne, 
 or find out of this voiage.— /. 517, Ed. 1589; also, iii 129, Ed. 1600. 
 
 Of this cnteqirise, Ptirchas some thirty-five years later has 
 preserved for us, at pp. S08-91 of the Third volume of his 
 ri/i;rimcs, 1625, the following more authentic testimony: — 
 
 ■ V.V. will recreate you with a plaine Mariners Letter endorsed 
 in homely jihrafe, To the I lonourable Kings Grace of Etig- 
 land, here (as I thinke) giucn you from the Originall. I 
 haue alfo another wrilien to Cardinal Wolfcy touching the 
 fame voyaj^e in Latin, by Alhcitiis de Piato ; for the 
 anticpiitie rather then any remarkable rarilie, worthy here to be mentioned.' 
 - I menliiined before Mafler Thorni-s fathers finding out A'cui-fotind Land, 
 with Maftcr F.lict. Tlicfe animated Kinij Hcnrie the eight to fct forth 
 two fliips for dircoucrie, one of wliich perillied in the North parts of iViW- 
 finiiid Land. The Matter of the oilier, lolin Kiit, writ this Letter to King 
 //•mil-, in bad l'.n;^lijh and worfe Writing. Ouer it was this fuperfcription. " 
 Matter Griil'cs two fliips departed from Plymouth the 10. day 
 of lune, and airiued in the New-found-Land in a good Harbour, 
 called Cafe de lias, the 21. day of luly : and after we had left the 
 fight of Sclh [? Scilly], we hail neuer fight of any Land, till wo 
 had fight of Cape de Has. 
 
 ^leaJhigyo:ir [Lonorahle Grace to he.ve ofyonrferiiant lohn Rut, 
 •icilh all his Company here, in i^ood health, thanks be (0 God, 
 and your Graees Jliip, The Mary (j/" G[uliI[d]ford «»///( rt// 
 her thanks be to God: And if it pleafe your 
 
 honorable Grace, uvrannein onrcoiir/elo the Northward, till 
 'xoe came into 53. degrees, and there we found many great /lands of Lee and 
 liccpe water, we found no founding, and then we durjl not goe no further to 
 the Northward f- r feai e of more Ice, and then we cafl about to the Southward, 
 and within foure dayes after we ha. I one hundred and fixtie fathom, and then 
 7i'ce came into ^2. degrees, and fell with the mayne Land, and within ten 
 leagues of the mayne Land we met with a great Hand of Ice, and came hard 
 by her, for il wasjlanding in deepe wa.' , andfo went in with Cape de lias, 
 a good Harbor, and many small Hands, and a great frefli Kiiier going vpfarre 
 info the mayne L.and, and the mayne Land allwilderneffe and mountaincs and 
 woods, anil no naturall ground but all mojfe, and no inhabitation nor no people 
 in thefe parts : and in the -.ooods we found footing of diners great beafls, but we 
 fun none not in ten leai;ues. And pleafe your Grace, the Sanifon and wee kept 
 company all the way till within two dayes before wee met with all the Hands of 
 Ice. Thatwas the firjl day of Inly at night, and there rofe a great and a mar- 
 uailous great Jlorme, and much foule weather ; L trufl in Almightie Lefu to 
 hcare good ne:ors of her. And pleafe your Grace, xoe were confidering and a 
 writing of all our order, hiKo we -would wafli [? watctil vs, and tohat courfe 
 xoee would draw, and when God doe fnd foule weather, that with Cape de 
 Spery/;,' [i.e. each fhip] Jh >uld goe, and he that came firjl fhould tarry the 
 fpace of fi.xe weeks one for another, and ■;oatered at Cape de Bas ten dayes, 
 ordering of your Graces Jhip, and fijhing, andfo departed to^oard the South- 
 ward to fcekc our felli-i-w: the third day of Augnjl we entered into a good 
 llauen, called Saint lohn, and there we found clenenfiile of iiormti.n% and 
 one ISrittaine, and t;oo I'oi Uigall Harkes, and all a ftfhing, and fo we are 
 readie to depart to:eaid Cape de lias,* and that is twentie fine leagues, as 
 
 I The very hii^h .'intiquity of these letters— which are the e.irlicst ever known to h.tvc 
 been ?^ent home by Kn>;lishtncn from Anicric.i— constitutes their great modern value. 
 
 '■i 'I'he next uvo sentences nre a jumlile of error. It is clear from the text that the 
 cvpedition consisted of three ships : Master Grnbe'sor Grub's two ships, one of which w.... 
 called the .Sitiir/>soit, tlie name of tlie other dues not transpire (if it could be ascertained 
 to be the l^oininns I 'o/'isttim, the chain of testimony wouhi lie complete) : together with 
 the King's ship, the .Mu/y ofCuiU/ord. ccinim.uided by John itut. 
 
 ■• Purchas evidently intends us to understand that the endorsement is contemporary 
 u-ltl) the letter. 
 
 ■* 'I'his is evidently a mi-.tahe through the Inirry in w riling. It should be Cofv de S/vt 
 [Cubo de Spera, " Mt" e'<//t' of the S/eitr"). For the two ships, after having stayed 
 
 flwrtly as we haue fflted, and fo along the coafl till we may meete with our 
 felhnv, andfo with all diligence that lyes in me to7oards parts to that Llands 
 thai we are commanded by the grace of God, as we were commanded at cur 
 departing. And thus Lefu faue and keepe your honorable Grace, and all 
 your honourable Reuer., in the Hauen of Saint lohn, the third day of Auguft, 
 written in hafle. 1527. 
 
 liy your feniant Lohn Rut, to his vttermofl of his power. 
 
 I haue by me alfo Albert de Prate's ' originall Letter, in Latin (lille, 
 alinofl as harsh as the former L\ngliflt, and bearing the fame date, and was 
 indorfed, Reuerend in Chrijlo I'atri Domino Domino Cardinali et Domino 
 Legato Angliic: and began, Reuerendiffime in Chriflo Pater filutem. 
 Reuerendiffime I\Uer, placeat Reuercndiffinuc paternitati vefhic fcire Deo 
 fauente pojlijuam exiuimusilPlemut quic fuit x. lunij ir'c. (The fubfiance 
 is the fame with the former, and therefore omitted. ) Datum apudle ISaya 
 Saint Lohan in Terris Nouis, die x. Augujli 1527. Reuer. L\itr. vefl. 
 humilis feruus, Albertus de l^rato (the name written in the lowed comer ol 
 the fliect). 
 
 We are fortunately able to trace this expedition still further. 
 By " towards parts to that llands that we are commanded," 
 John Rut meant the West Indies; and we have accounts by 
 two Spanish historians of his arrival there, which will demand 
 of us some further attention. 
 
 Gonzales Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes — h. at Madrid 1478, 
 d. at Valladolid 1557, and who resided for many years in the 
 West Indies — wrote, in addition to the A\xtural fiystoria dc las 
 I/idias printed at Toledo on 15th February 1526, from which 
 Eden has tr nslated large extracts at pp. 20S-242 of this 
 Volume; another and his most important work, entitled La 
 liistoria general de las Iiidias, the printing of which was com- 
 pleted at Seville on 30th September 1535 (or about eiyht years 
 after Rut's expedition) ; every copy of which is attested with 
 Oviedo's written signature. It does not appear that Eden had 
 met with this important work, or he woiikl have assuredly 
 have made the following extract from it. 
 
 On folio cl.xj. of this work, being the Thirteenth chapter of 
 the Nineteenth book, is the following passage, for the literal 
 translation of which we are much indebted to the courtesy 
 and kindness of the celebrated Spanish scholar, Don Pas^ual 
 de Gayangos. 
 
 Before we come to the extract ; an error as to its date (which 
 misled Hakluyt, and may mislead others) must be noted fci' 
 avoidance, in the Third Volume of J. 15. Ramusio's Na7'igafioni 
 e Fiagxi. Each Volume of this celebrated Collection was printed 
 in a different year by L, A. Giunti at Venice. Vol. I., of which 
 a First Edition had been printed in 1550, appeared corrected 
 and enlarged in March 1554. Of Vol. II., the Preface of v.hich 
 is dated 7th July 1554. the earliest known is that of 1559; 
 while Vol. III., the Preface of which is dated 20th June 1553, 
 appears to have been first printed in 1556 ; that is to say, in 
 the year after Eden's Compilation was published in London. 
 
 Now, at p. 204 of this Third Volume, of 1556, occurs this 
 important typographical error. Oviedo in 1535 begins Elaniio 
 
 ten days, 21-31 July 1527, at Cape de Has, sailing sovuluvard, had reached St. John's 
 harbour on the 3d of August, and then purposed to go 75 miles more, evidently to the 
 southward, to Cape de .Sper, the appointed rendezvous, where lliey hoped to meet the 
 StiMpsoH. From the date of the priest's letter, however, it is evident that the two 
 F.nglish ships stayed a week longer at St. John's. These letters were probably sent to 
 Knglaud in one of the Norman or itreton fishing boats. 
 
 t I have (juite failed to fmd any notice of this Albertus de Tralo. Might that be a 
 latinised form of Albert Prat ? or was the hearer of the name a ft)reigncr? 1 can trace 
 no such name in Le Neve's Fasti or Newcourt's A'f/,•^A'*'/rtw/. It woulil be interesting 
 if he couM *k identified with Hakluyt's mathematical Canon of St. Paul's. 
 
 S 
 
P R E I- A C E. 
 
 XV 
 
 tfe AfJ.x.xTij. an/ws, iSr-c; whicli Ramusio in 1556 translates 
 AW 75/7 instead of M/ 1327. Hakluyt in 1589, not suspect- 
 ing any folsification, thereupon adduces the following extract 
 in support of fabulous ELnglish voyage of 1517, hereafter 
 asserted by Eden at /. 6 : but the date being wrong, his 
 argument, of course, falls to pieces. 
 
 It would also seem that Oviedo was residing in the city of 
 Santo Domingo, when he wrote this jjortion of his history. 
 
 ClTAPiER 13. Of Ciilaiii foreign corsairs lu/iiik passed to these parts and 
 Indies, and what has been the cause and origin of their bad thoughts. 
 
 jN the year Mdxxvii. an English cor air, under colour or pre- 
 tence that he was going to discover land, came with a large 
 ship to the Urazil on the coast of Tierra Kirme, and from 
 thence crossed to this Island Ilispanola, and arrived close to 
 themouthof the harbour of this city [Santo Domingo]. IIj 
 sent his boat properly manned, and asked for permission to come into port, 
 saying that he came with merchandise and to barter [with the inhabitants]. 
 At the same moment the Governor, Francisco de Tapia, ordered a gun to 
 be fired against the said [linglish] ship, which was coming straight into 
 the harbour ; whicli being observed by the English, they went away, after 
 taking on board the saiil boat's crew. And, to tell tlie truth, the Governor 
 [Tapia] was wrong in what he did, for h.id the English vessel entered the 
 harbour, armed thcugh she was, she could not have left without the con- 
 sent of this city and castle. 
 
 So that the English, seeing the reception that was made to them, sailed 
 in the direction of the Island of San Juan, and having entered the liay of 
 San German, spoke to the inhabitants of that town, and asked for provi- 
 sions: uttering complaints against the people of this island [Ilispaniola], 
 and saying that they had not come to annoy the people, but to tralTic witli 
 them, if they consented, for money or merchandise. Provisions were given 
 to thum, and they gave pewter vessels and other goo<ls in return. After 
 which the ship sailed for Europe ; but it is supposed that slie never reached 
 her destination, for nothing more was heard of her. 
 
 Consitlering that Oviedo printed the above less than eight 
 years after the event, there can hardly be any mistake as to the 
 year being 1527. Yet in a later Spanish historian we find these 
 circumstances, in much fuller detail, narrated as occurring in 
 1519. So that of the three dates 1517, 15 19, and 1527; the 
 last is the true one. 
 
 Antonio de Herrcra Tordesillas, \l>. 1 559 at Cuella de Segovia; 
 \d. 29th March 1625 at Madrid], was born two years after the 
 death of Oviedo. The first four Decades of his Ilistoria General 
 \ dc los Ilechos dc los Casiellanos en las Islas i tierra jirme were 
 (printed in 1601, the last four in i6i5;both at Madrid. In the 
 [second Deeas, which was published seventy-four years after 
 [Rut's voyage, we have an account of him and his doings, cvi- 
 Idently derived from a written deposition ; as Oviedo's had been 
 leither from hearsay or from personal observation. It consists 
 jof the narrative (for the translation of which I am indebted 
 [to my frienil, the late H. Pyne, Est)., Assistant Tithe 
 ICommissioner) of Gints Navarro, master of a Spanish caravel, 
 |who apparently piloted Rut's ship from Porto Rico by the 
 ^ island of Mona to Same Domingo, and then back again to 
 iSan Germano in the island of Porto Rico. 
 
 ■'%. The Arrival of an English Ship in the Indies, and the State 
 '^- OF Afi'Aip.s in the Islands, 
 
 KTER the departure of the ships which carried [? to Spain] 
 the gold pearls nn<l ordinary merchandise ; a caravel of 
 Saint Domingo being in the island of San Juan [de Porto 
 Rico], loading with casava ; there arrived [at Porto Rico] a 
 ship of three masts, and of the burden of 150 tons. The 
 
 master of the caravel, [who] went out in his boat to this ship, suppo.sing 
 it to be a Spanish vessel, discovered [coming towards him] a pinnace 
 containing twenty-five men armed with corslets and cross-bows, and having 
 two pieces of artillery in its prow. 
 
 They said that they were Englishmen, and that their ship was from 
 England ; that, in company v\ilh another armed ship, they had sailed to 
 seek the country of the Great Khan, but that the ships h.ad been separated 
 in a tempest : and that theirs, proceeding on its voyage, came to a fro/en 
 sea, where they found large islands of ice ; that they had then altered their 
 course, and came to a hot sea [? the Gulf Streain\ which seethed like water 
 in a caldron ; and in order that the caulking of the ship might not be 
 melted, they went in search of the ]i.accalaos, ' where they found fifty' 
 Spanish, French, and Portuguese ships, and that they w ishing to land then 
 in order to obtain an Indian interpreter, they [the Indians] killed the pilot, 
 who was a Piedmontese. From thence, they had coasted as far as the 
 Rio de Chieora [the Kivcr of Chicora, i.e. A'iier in Carolina], and had 
 crossed over from that river to the island of San Juan [di- Porto Rico], 
 
 Upon being asked, What they were searching for in those islands? they 
 .said that thiy were desirous of seeing them, for the purpose of giving an 
 account of them to the King of England, and to take a cargo from lirazil. 
 
 They invited the master of the caravel, who was called Gines Navarro, 
 to come on board their ship, and to show them the course to Saint Dom- 
 ingo. He saw in the .ship a quantity of wine, Hour, and other provisions ; 
 as well as much cloth, linen, and oilier articles of merchandise. They 
 carried much artillery and a forge, and carpenters for ship-building, and an 
 oven for baking bread j and there were [in the ship] threescore men, 
 
 Gines Navarro further stated that, if he could have read them, the 
 captain of the ship wished to show him the instructions which he brought 
 from the King of England ; th.at they had sent a company ashore at the 
 Island of Mona," and that they had bartered some pewter in the Island of 
 San Juan, 
 
 This ship went to the port of Santo Domingo, and sent the bark ashore, 
 saying That they were desirous of trading ; and [it] tarried there two <1a)», 
 The governor of the Castle, upon the arrival of the ship, sent to inform the 
 Magistrates [? the Royal Audience], for the purpose of their giving him 
 orders what to do ; and as they returned no answer, he discharged a gun 
 at the ship, in consequence of which, she forthwith recalled the bark, and 
 by and by set sail. 
 
 The ship then returned to the back of the island of San Juan, and 
 tarried a short time there, trading with the inhabitants of the town of 
 Saint Germans ; and did not appear .ngain. 
 
 The magistrates [of Saint Domingo] arrested the governor, saying that 
 he ought to have wailed for their answer ; and sent information of this alTair 
 to the King [of Spain], as well as of the bad condition of the fortress, so 
 that orders might be given for the fortification of it, and [thai] there should 
 be directions [given] for the providing it with men, artillery, and military 
 stores. — Decades, ii.. Book v., Chapter 3., Ed. l5oi. 
 
 Thus from four perfectly distinct and independent sources, 
 comes to us the certainty of this English voyage across the 
 Atlantic in 1527; for a further discussion of which see that 
 masterpiece in its way, and rare book (in the Isa.itern 
 hemisphere at least), Mr. J. G. Kohl's History of the Discinrry 
 of Maine, published by the Maine Historical Society at Port- 
 land, in 1869; and Mr. Bitldle's Memoir of Sebastian Cabot, 
 London 1832. Both these writers tiiink that the Piedmontese 
 pilot was the celebrated Verazzano. 
 
 It is interesting to know that John Rut got back safely to 
 England. For in Scpt.-Dec. 1528, while still in the command 
 
 t The ItidUin word for coilfish, appHctl hy S. C.ibot to ttic I.itul he first illscnvereil, 
 .7nd afterwiinis loosely wnA vaguely .ipplied to the Aincric.in coast from Labrador far to 
 the southward. Here it evidently includes Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and the norlli- 
 cm seaboard States of the United States. 
 
 1 This niunber may be an exaggeration. If It be correct, the English s<|uadron nil st 
 have met thirty or forty other fishing-boats on the Newfouildlalid ' banks,' beside the 
 fourteen they s;iw in St. John's harliour 
 
 i Moiia ib a small island in the track from Port Kico to Santo Domingo. 
 
XVI 
 
 P R E !• A C E. 
 
 of tlie Mary of Guihljord, he was employed in frcigliting 
 home, on the King's behalf, wine from liourileaux. See Royal 
 M.S. 14. B. xxix., in the British Museum. 
 
 8. \Vc have seen by the above that tlie King's ships left the 
 Thames on 20th May 1527. Whatever else may be doubtful, 
 that is certain ; and therefore it is equally certain that the 
 ' IJook ' which Robert 'I'horne, the IJristol merchant, wrote at 
 Seville in that year, and sent to Doctor Leigh, the King's 
 almoner, and the English ambassador in Spain, had nothing to 
 do with the fitting out of that London expedition. 
 
 This far-seeing discourse, with its preliminary exhortation to 
 the King, was first printed by R[ichard] H[akluyt] in his 
 Diners Voyages, ofc. in 1582. Its only date is 1527, which 
 occurs twice ; each time after the author's signature — ' Robert 
 Thome. 1527.' As Hakluyt reproduced Thome's curious 
 ' Carde ' or map, it is quite evident that he had before him, in 
 15S2, the original and autographic book penned by the author ; 
 and therefore the date 1527 must be accepted by us without a 
 doubt. 
 
 Now it was the English custom at that time, to reckon the 
 year from the 25th March, the Feast of the Annunciation of 
 the Virgin. The ' Book ' was therefore written at the earliest 
 after the 25th ^Larch 1527. 
 
 The two following jiassages in it, taken together, would seem 
 to show that it was not n'rittm till the summer was far advanced, 
 probably while Rut's expedition was skirting the American coast. 
 
 In a flole of ihree fliippes ami a caraucll that wont from tliis citie, armed 
 by tlic morcliauntcs of it, which cle|>arleil in Aprill lall part, I and my 
 partner liaue 1400. I Jucales tliat we employed in the fayd lleete, jirincipally 
 for that two Kngliflimen friends of mine \sce p. xiii.] whiche are fomewliat 
 learned in Cofmo.i;raphie, flionlde t;o in the fame fliipjics, to brin:^ nice 
 certaine relation of the fituation of the comitrey, and to Ijce cxperte in the 
 Nauiijation of tliofe feas, and there to hauc informations of many other 
 thing's, and adiiife that I defiio to know efpecially. Seeing in thefe 
 qnai'ters arc Ihips, and marrincvs of that countrey, and cardcs \chaits\ by 
 wliieh they fayle, though much vnlilce ours, that they (lioidd procure to 
 hauc the faid cards, and Icarnc howe they vnderftande them, and 
 efpecially to know what X.auigatiou they hauc for thefe llandcs North- 
 wardcs and Northeaflwardc. B. 4. 
 
 JJut if it plcafe Ciod that into Knglande I may come with your Lorddiip, 
 I will (liewe fonic coniectures of reafon though againfl the gcnerall opinion 
 of Cofniographcrs, by whicli fliall appeare this that I fay not to lacke fome 
 foundation. And tyll that time I befeeche your Lorddiip let it bee put to 
 fdencc : and in the meane fcafon, it may pleafe God to fende our two 
 Englillimen, that are gone to the fpiccrie, which may alfo bring more plainc 
 declar.ation of yat which in I liis cafe might be required. . . D. ■},. 
 
 It would seem that Thorne by ' April lafl parte ' means April 
 i5?7 ; for if he had intended April 1526, and wrote this ' Book ' 
 in the seven days of 25-31 ISLirch, then by Engli.sh custom 
 reckoned as the first days of 1527, he would assuredly have 
 said ' April lafl year.' It is also evident from the allusion that 
 a considerable time had elapsed since the two Englishmen had 
 left for the West Indies; and that, at the time of writing, Thorne 
 was looking forward to their return. The earliest approximate 
 date that can therefore be assigned to its composition is the 
 summer of 1527. Dr. Leigh did not return to England till 
 January 1530. 
 
 We must therefore assign the occasion and preparation of 
 this English voyage of Oceanic discovery of 1527 to other 
 
 persons than Robert Thorne. Such an important effort, as this 
 expedition most certainly was, could not have been suddenly 
 determined upon, and probably originated in the previous year. 
 Thorne's ' Book' is also interesting for another reference to 
 a very early English voyage across the Atlantic. 
 
 .So that as afore is faydc, if betwccnc our Newe founde landcs or N'om'tiy, 
 or Illande the Seas tuwarde the north be Nauigable, wee flioulde goe to 
 thefe Ilandes a Ihortcr way by more then 2000. leagues. And though wte 
 went not in the faidc Ilandes, for that they arc the Kmperours or Kingcs 
 of I'ortingalc, wee Iboulde by the way, and comming once to the line Ecjui- 
 noctiall, finde landes no lelTe richu in Goldc and fpiccrie, as all other landes 
 are vnder the faidc line Kquinoctiall : and .alfo flioulde, if wee may paffe 
 vnder the North, cnioye the Nauigation of all Tartaric. 
 
 Which Ihould bee no leffc prolitablo to our commodities of clulhc, then 
 thefe fpicerics to the l'"niperour, and King of I'orlngale. 
 
 I'lUt it is a genurall opinion of all Cofmographers that paffing the feuenth 
 clynie, the fea is all ice, the eolde fo much that none can fuffer it. And 
 hitherto they had all the like opinion that vnder the line K(iuinocliall for 
 muche heate the lande was inh.abitable. 
 
 Yet fmce by experience is proued no landc fo much habitable nor more 
 temperate. And to conclude, I thinke the fame flioulde bee founilc vnder 
 the North, if it were experimented. I'"or as all iuilge, Ai/iiljil vactiiim in 
 raiim iintiiiu-, fo I iudge tliere is no hinde inlial)itable [i.e. uiii)i!u>lnlablc\, 
 nor Sea innauig.able. If I fliould write the reafon that prefenteth this 
 vnto me, I (liouMe be too prolixc, and it fecmeth not recjuifite for this 
 pri'fent matter. God knoweth that though by it I flioulde hauc no great 
 intercft, yet I hauc had and (liU hauc no little mindc of this Inifmeffe : So 
 that if I h.ad (;TcuUie to my will, it flioulde bee ye firft thing that I wouldo 
 vnderflande, cuen to attempt, if our .Seas Northwarde be nauigable to the 
 Pole or no. I reafon, that as fome flckeneffes arc hcreditarit)us, and come 
 from the father to the fonnc, fo this inclination or defire of this difcouerie 
 I inherited of my father, which witli another merchant of liriflowe named 
 Hugh Eliot were the difeouerers of newe found lands, of the which there 
 is no doubt, as now jilainly appcareth, if the marriiiers would then liaue 
 been ruled and folowed their pilots mind, the lands of the Well Indies, 
 from whence all the gold commetli, had beenc ours. For all is one coafle, 
 aa by the carde appcareth, and [.as] is aforefaide. . . , D, 2. 
 
 A most excellent account of the merchant family of the 
 Thornes of Bristol will be found in English Merc/taii/s, 
 1S69, written by my fellow-student at King's College, Mr. H. 
 R. Fox Bourne. 
 
 9. The next English Voyage on our record introduces us to 
 a very famous name. It is thus preserved to us by Hakluyt. 
 
 A Voyage to Brasii.i., made uv the woRsnii'FULi, M[astkr] Wil- 
 liam llAl'KINS OF I'l.IM.MOUTII, FATHER TO SIR lOlI.N IIAUKINS, 
 
 Knic.iit, now Livi\i;,> in the veeke 1530. 
 
 Ldc jV. lyaiiam I/aiikiiis o{ Vlimmouth, a man for his wifdome, 
 valure, experience, and fl<ill in feacaufcs, much cfteemed and 
 beloued of King Ilciiiy the eight, and being one of the iirin- 
 cipall Sea Captaines in the West partes in his time, not con- 
 tented w ith the fliort voyages commonly then made onely to 
 the knowcn coaftes of /;'«;v'/c, armed out a tall and goodly fliip of liis owne 
 of the burthen of 250 tunnes, called the I'ole [Piuili; J'J. 1600] o( riiin- 
 moui/ty wherewith hcc made three long and famous viiyagcs vnto tlic confl 
 lA lirafill, a thing in tliofe dayes very rare, efpecially to our N.ation. In 
 the courfe of which voyages lie touched at the Riuer of .'iiflos vpon the 
 coafl of Guinea, where hec trafiqucd with the A'i%'nvs, ami tooke of them 
 Oliphants [Elephants, lul. 1600] teeth, and other commodities wliieh that 
 
 ^ As this W.1S printed in 15S9, old Willi.ini H.iwkins lived to see the overthrow of the 
 Spanish Arniad.i, .and so is very properly introduced hy tlie Rev. Canon Kingslcy, with 
 his usual trnthfulncss in details, inliis celelirated I'llizaoetlian ii>niancc ^AU'csttuard /lo! 
 as a very old man, present at IMyniouth with tlie Captains who were waiting the arrival ot 
 the great Spanish fleet. 
 
P R E F A C H. 
 
 XV 11 
 
 nt effort, as this 
 
 been siukknly 
 
 ic i)icvious year. 
 
 her reference to 
 
 hniles or A\n-ii;n; 
 ,vce flioiililc KOi; I" 
 And tliougli wie 
 niicroiivs or Kinf;cs 
 ICC to tlie lino Eiiui- 
 ■, as all uthev lanilcs 
 c, if wcc may palTo 
 
 ilics of clothe, then 
 
 1 palTmi; the fencnth 
 can fulTcr it. Ami 
 line Eiiuinocliall for 
 
 I habitable nor more 
 lie bee fonnile vmler 
 , Nihil fit viuinim in 
 ; [i.e. tiniii/uil'ilable], 
 that iirefcnteth this 
 nut rciiuinie for this 
 houlile haiie no great 
 of this Imfmefre : So 
 I tiling; that I wouUlo 
 Ic be nauigable to the 
 reilitaiioHs, ami come 
 cfire of this ilifcouerie 
 nt of liriflowe named 
 Is, of the which there 
 ners would then haue 
 Is of the Weft Indies, 
 
 l''or all is one eoafte, 
 
 . . n. 2. 
 
 mt fiimily of the 
 
 ni;Ush Merchants, 
 
 Collciio, Mr. II. 
 
 d introduces us to 
 us by Hakluyt. 
 
 lui.i. M[.\sti:r] Wii.- 
 
 IslU loIlN IIAUKIN.S, 
 
 |a man for his wifdome, 
 
 , nnich cftcemed and 
 being <me of the prin- 
 
 in his time, not con- 
 ily then made onely to 
 toodly Ihiiiofhisowne 
 ,■, lid. l6oo] ai riiin- 
 
 lyases vnto the coafl 
 ly to our Nation. In 
 |ner of .5'i//i',r vpon the 
 
 f, anil tooUe of them 
 Lmmodities which that 
 
 sec the overthrow of the 
 . Cruioii Kinijsley, wiih 
 Jumance of \i 'cslward I la ! 
 Iwire waiting the arriv.il ot 
 
 place yccldeth : and fo arriuiii;,' on the coaft of A'/-,;///, vfud there fucli dif- 
 cretion, and behaued himfelf fo wifely with thofe faiiago people, that he 
 grew into great familiaritie and friendlhip with them. Inlomuch that in 
 his 2. voyage, one of the fauage kings of the countrey of ISiaJill, was con- 
 tented to lake (liippe with him, and to bee tranfported hither into 
 England, whereunto M^ajlcr^ H<ml;ins agreed, leaning beliinde in the 
 Countrey as a pledge for his fafetie and retnrneagaine, one Mardu Coi/;e- 
 ram oi Plimmoiilk. This llrafiUiin king being airiued \i.e. in 1531I, was 
 brought vp to London, and prefented to King llcitiy the 8. lying as then 
 at Whikhalt: at the fight of whome, the Kingand all the Nobilitie diil not 
 a little mameile, and not without caufe : for in his cheekes were holes made 
 according to their fauage maner, and therein fmall bones were planted, 
 (landing an inclie out from the faid holes, which in his owne Countrey was 
 reputed for a great brauerie. lie had alfo another hole in his nether lippe, 
 wherein was fet a precious ftone about the bigneffe of a peafe. All his 
 apparell, behauiour, and gerture were very ftrange to the beholders. 
 
 ilauing remained here the fpace almoft of a whole ycre, and the king 
 . with his fight fully fatiffied, M\(iftci'\ Ilaiikiin according to his promife 
 and appointment, purpofed toconueyhim againe into his Countrey : but it 
 * fell out in the way th.at, by change of ayre ami alteration of diet, the faid 
 '; fauage king died at .Sea, which was feared would turne to the loffe of the 
 r, life of Martin Codrram his jiledge. NeiierlholelTe, the Sauages being fully 
 ;,, perfwade<l of the honeft dealing of our men with llieir I'rince, reftoicd 
 '/; againe the faide pledge, without any harme to him, or any man of the com- 
 panic : which pledge of theirs they brought home againe into England, 
 with their Oiippe fraighted and furnidied with the commodities of the 
 Countrey. Which Martinc Ccikcram, by the wilnelTe of .Sir h'hn Haul;ins, 
 being an officer in the towne of riiininoiilh, was lining within thefe fcwe 
 yeares.— /. 520, Ed. 15S9. 
 
 10. Let us now look eastward. In 1592, (tlircc years after 
 the appearance of the First editkjn of his Voyai;cs, &c.), Ilakltiyt 
 became acquainted with a very old man, a Londoner nametl 
 John Williamson, then apparently the sole suivivor of our first 
 traffic in the Levant; which dying out, had been revived in 1 580. 
 
 These early Levant voyages were voiy important; inasmuch 
 as they were the school in which some of the principal Agents 
 and Captains of the Moscovy Com|)any, like Richard (iray and 
 Richard Chancellor, received their chief training. 
 
 i A voyage made luilh the Jliippes called the Holy Croffe, and the Matthew 
 Gonfon, to the lies ot Candia and Cliio, about the ycre 1534, according.; to 
 a relation made to Majler Richard Ilackluit by lohn Williamfon, Cooper 
 and citizen of London, wlio lined in the yere 1592, and ^oent as coo/er in 
 the Mathew Uonfon the next voyage after. 
 
 .^j^i^j^IIe niippes, called the Holy Croffe and the Mattticiu Gonfon, 
 made a voyage to the Ilaudes of C;//(//ii and Chio in 'Dirkie, 
 about the yeere 1 534. And in the Matheio went as Captaine 
 M[after] A'itharJ Gonfon, fonne of old Mafter ll'illiain 
 Gonfon, p.ayniafter of the kings Nauie. In this firft voyage 
 . [i.e. of the two described by Williamson] went ll'illiain //rlfloct-e (who after- 
 ■5' wards was Controuller of her Maii'lies [i.e. Queen Eli^aiieth's] Xauie, lately 
 'jdeceafecn as page to M[after] AVi7/(;;i/ (7,'«/;i« afurefaid, which M[after] 
 J Gonfon (lied in Chio in this his firft voyage. The fliip called the J/oly 
 'S Croffe was a (hort fliippe, and of burden lOo lunncs. Ami haning beene 
 
 fa full yeere at the fea in i erformance of this voyage, with great danger Ihe 
 ••eturneil home, where, v|)iin her arriuall at Plaelr.oalt, in the riuer of Thames, 
 ' her wine and oyle catke was found fo weake that they were not able to 
 1 hoyfe them out of the fliip, but were conftrained to draw them as they lay, 
 •' and put their wine and oyle into new veflTcls, and fo to vnl.idc the fliippc. 
 " Their chiefe fraight was very excellent Mufcalels and red Malmcfie, the like 
 whereof were feeldonie fecne before \n lim^latid. They brought home alfo 
 goiid quantitie of fweete oyles, cotton woolles, Turkic Carpets, Galles, 
 Cynamon, and fonie other fjiices. The faide fliippe called the I/oly Croffe 
 was folhaken in this voyage, and fo weakened, that llic was layd vp in Ihe 
 docke, and ncuer made voyage after. — I'd. 11., Part I.,/. 98, Ed. 1599. 
 Uden. 
 
 Anottier voya-.:e to the Jles i/Caiidia and Chio made by thejh:p/-e, the Mathew 
 (ionfon, abont the yeere i^t^^, aeeordinj; to the relition .y'lohn Williamfon, 
 then Cooper in tliefamejtiip, made to M\i\jl.r\ Richard llackliul, tn the 
 yeare 1592. 
 
 lie good Ihippe called ihe Mathr.o t7i7//.';;, of burthen 300 
 lunncs, whereof was owner old .M[alk'r) ll':iii\m Gonfon, 
 payinader of ilie Kings Xauie, made her voyage in the yere 
 1535. In this Ihip went as Captaine, l\iihard Gray, who long 
 after ilied in Ruflia. Mailer ll'illiam //i'///iii-/c', afterward 
 Controuller of the (^ueenes Nauie, went then as puiTer in the fame voyage. 
 The Mafter was one John I'iehet, feruant to old M[after] ll'illiam Gonfon. 
 lames Kumnie was Mafters male. The mafter ciMipcr . is lohn ll'illiam- 
 y;v;, citi/en of /.I'H./.'/^ lining in the yeere 1592, and duelling in Sa[i]nt 
 Dnnflons parish, in the Eaft. The .M[a(lerJ tiuniier was lohn Godjrey of 
 JlriJloU. In this (hip veie 6 gunners and 4 tiuiniielters, all which foure 
 trumpelters at our relume liomewards went on land at Mefftna in the Hand 
 o{ aieilia, as our fliip road there at anker, and gat them into the (iailies 
 that lay neere vnto vs, and in Ihem went to J\ome. The «liole number of 
 our companie in this fliip were aliout 100. men, we were alfo furnilhed with 
 a great bote, which was able |r) carry 10 lunncs of water, which at our 
 returne homcHards we towed all the way from Chio vnlil we came through 
 the ftiaight of Ciib[i]altar inlo the maine Oce.an. We had alio a great 
 long boat and a fliiff. We were out vpon this voyage eleuen months, yet 
 in all this lime there died of fickncffe but one man, whofe name was George 
 Eorrejl, being feruant to our Carpenter called '1 homos riiimmer. — Idem. 
 
 The Island of Scio, the extreme point of the above two 
 voyages, had long been the property of a Genoese family, the 
 Jiistkvia, under the sovereignty of the Senate of that city. 
 How the Turks first put it to tribute, and finally took posses- 
 sion of it in 1568, is thus narrated in two letters, written on 
 the 14th of February 1569 by an F.nglishman, (iasjiar Campion, 
 who had "traded in this countrey \i.c. the island and its vici- 
 nity] about this 30. yeres [/.<•. 1539-1569], and haue beene 
 maried in the towne of Chio full 24. yeres \i.c. 1544-1569]." 
 
 })®^^->^C-(Ir, you fliall vmlerftand that Ihe Iflnnd of Chio in lime pad 
 Vr\^^,;.i' hath bene a ^S'/(.'«/i'^/> or lonllhip of it felfe, and did belong 
 *j^"A7?\\-^ to Ihe Genoioaies. There were 24. of them that gouerned 
 6! a"y^^ >J the ifland which were called Mjunefes. \\\\\. in continuance 
 of lime the Turke waxed fo ftrong and mighlie, that 
 they, confideiing they were not able to keepe it, unlcfVe they fliould 
 become his tribularicN becaufe the Ifland had no corne, nor any kind of 
 vitniles to fuftaine Ihcinfelues, but onely that which nuift of neceKitie come 
 out of the Turkes dominiims, and Ihe fayd illaiid being inclofed with the 
 Turks round about, and but 12. miles fnmi the Turks Comiiu'iit, therefore 
 Ihe faiil Gtno-.oaiesXvX compound and agree to be the Turkes Irilmlaiies, and 
 to pay him 14000. thousand ducates yeerely, Alwayes prouiiled that theylliould 
 keep their lawes both fpirilual and lemporall, as they did when the Hand 
 was in their owne hands. Thus he granted iheni their priuiledge, which they 
 inioyed for many yeeres, fo ihat all ftr.angers ami alfo many I'jiglilh men 
 did trade thither of long continuance, and went and came in fafety. In this 
 meane time, the prince Pedro Porta ^beiiig a Genouois) became a captaine 
 to feme the Einperour with 30. or 40. gallies againft the Turke. And finec 
 that time <liuers other caplaines belonging to Genoa h.aue beene in the 
 feruice of king Philip .igaiii.t the Turke. Morcouer, whenfoeuer the Turke 
 made out any army, he iieiceiueil that no nation did him more hurt then 
 Ihofe Genouois, who were his tributaries. Likewife at Ihe Turkes fiege of 
 Malta, before which pl.icc he lay a great while, with loffe of his men, and 
 alfo of his gallies, he found none fo Iroublefome vnto his lorce as one 
 luanelte Doria, a Genouois, and diners others of th.i' Il.ind of Chio, who 
 were his tributaries. At which fight, he tooke fuch difpleafuie againft ihem 
 of Chio, that he fenlcerlaine of his gallies to Ihe Hand, for to feife vpon all 
 the goods of the 24. Mannefes, and to lurne them with their wines and 
 children out of Ihe Hand ; but they woulil let none other depart, becaufe 
 ihe Hand fliould not be vnpeopled. So that now Ihe Tuike hath lent one 
 of his chiefe men to rule there.— //ir.<7/y/, Vol. \l.. Parti., p. w^, Ed. 1599. 
 
XVlll 
 
 Puni- ACT.. 
 
 Another k'tter of Camjiion's, begins thus : 
 
 yV may plcafc your woifliip to vmlcrftnnil, that as concciniiiL; 
 tlic voyaijc lo C/iii>, what t;reat profit would be jjoltL-n, buth 
 fur nicrclianls ami alfi> fur owners of fliippes (as it was well 
 knowen in tliofe dayes when the A/riU/iiii' Gi'ii/oii, the Trhiitii: 
 I'ilzu'illiiims, and the Smiicur of Ihijhni', with diners other 
 fliips, which traded thitlior yerely, ami made their voyage in ten or twelue 
 nioncths, and the Ionised in a yeere), M[arter] l-'raiicis /.miilvil, M|afler] 
 Jo/iii /livfir, and M[aller] Dmiifr c:.n trnely inform you hereof at larjje. 
 And by reafon that wee hane not traded into thofe parts Ihefe many yeerus 
 [i.e. i>revious to 15I19], and the Turke is growen mighty, whereby our fliips 
 vioc not trade as they were wuont . , . . — Utildiiyt, /^yn^rj, Vol. 
 
 II., Vait I.,/. 116, i:j. 1599. 
 
 Finally we may take leave on this occasion of the interestinn 
 subject of the eafly Entjlish trade in the Mediterranean, with 
 the following note of Hakluyt's. 
 
 '■^~'~^-' His trade into the Leuant. . . . was very vfuall and much 
 frei|uented from the yeere of our Lord 1511 till the yeere 
 1534, and aflerwards alfo, thoui;li n(jt fo commonly, vntil the 
 JJl y^'ere 1 550, when the barkc Ainher imder the conduct of 
 Mfnfler) A'i\'i'i- Iit\/,'iihaiii maile a ]irofpcrous voyage into 
 Si(i/iti, CniiiHo, .Si,\ and other jilaees within the I.euant. Since which 
 time the forefaiil trade (notwithrtanding the grand .S'ij^iiiorj ample priuilcge 
 granted to MfaflerJ A)il/ioiiy IciikciiJ\'U 1553, and the ftrong and weighty 
 reafons of Cif/'iir Cniii/inii Uir that purpofe) was vtterly difeontinued, and 
 in maner quite forgotten, as if it had neuer bene, for the fpace of 20. yeares 
 ormore[/.c. fnjin the date of Jenkin-ion's privilege of 1553 until 1575; when 
 the preliminary steps which resulted in the formation of the Turkey Com- 
 pany, were taken]. l't'ya!;cs, I'ol. II., Part I.,/. I '6, EJ. 1599. 
 
 11. We now come to the tragical Englisli voyage to Xew- 
 foundland, in 1536 ; as narrated by Master Oliver Daulieny, a 
 London merchant, to Hakluyt's cousin and nairiesake. Richard 
 Hakluyt of the Inner Temple ; and by Master Thomas llutts 
 of Norfolk, to himself It will ever be thought one of the 
 worthiest acts of our younger Hakluyt's worthy life, that, for the 
 simple asstirance, with further details, of this voyage, he travelled 
 200 miles on horseback, probably into Norfolk and back. 
 
 T/ic royaj^c 0/ iiuijla- llort and diners other Gentlemen, to A'e:i'/'otind land 
 and Cafe Breton, in the yeere 1536. and in the 28. yeere of Kin i; Henry 
 the eight. 
 
 .Ne mafler Ilore of London, a man of goodly (lature and of 
 great courage, and giucn to the ftudie of Cofmograpliie, in 
 the 28. yeere of King Henry the S. and in the yeere of our 
 Lord 1536. encouraged diners gentlemen and others, being 
 aflifled by the kings fauour and good countenance, to accom- 
 pany him in a voyage of difcouerie vpon the Northweft partes of .-Vmerica: 
 wherein his pcrfwafions tooke fuch effect, that within (liort fp.ace many 
 gentlemen of the innes of court, and of Chauncerie, and diuers other of good 
 worfliip defnous to fee the llrange things of the world, very willingly entered 
 into the action with him, fome of whofe names were .as followeth ; M[afttr] 
 Wickes, a genlleman of the Well countrey of hue hundred markes [<v/h- 
 valent loan ineome 0/ £2$oo 0/ the /•resent day]]>y the yeere liuinj. Mailer 
 Tncke, a gentleman of Kent. Mafter Tuckfield. Mfafter] Thomas liuls, 
 the fonne of Sir William liuts. Knight of Norfolkc, which is yet aliue, and 
 from whofe mouth I wrote mod of this relation. Mafler Ilardie, Mafler 
 lliron, Mailer Carter, Mader Wright, Mafter Kadall .Sarie.ant Kaflals 
 brother, Mafter Ridley, and diners other, which .all were in the admirall 
 called the Trinilic, a fliip of feuen fcore tunnes, wherein M[aller]. Hore him- 
 felfe w!is imbarked. In the other fliippe, whofe name was the Minion, 
 went a very learned and vertuous gentlemen, one mafler Armigil Waile, 
 father to the worfliipfiill mafter William W.ide, now clerke of the priuie 
 counsell, Master Oliuer Daubeney merchant of London, M[after] loy after- 
 ward gentleman of the kings chappell, with diuers other of good account. 
 The whole nuntber that went in the two tall Ihips aforefayd, to wit, the 
 
 Trinilic and the Minion, were about fix fcore perfons, whereof 30. were 
 gentlemen, which all were mufteied in warlike maner at (Jrauefend, and 
 after the receiuing of the facrament, they embarked themfelucs at the end 
 of A prill, 153O. 
 
 From the time of their fetting out fiimi (irane/ende, they were very long 
 at fea, to witte, aboue I' monelhs, ami neuer limcheil any lande vntill 
 they came to part of the Weft /ndies about Ca/'O Jlrel'n, (bailing their 
 courfe thence Xortheaftwards, vntill they came lo the Illand of /'■«!,'«/;/, 
 which is very full o( rockes and ftones, whereon they went and founde it 
 full of great foules white and gray, as bigge as geefe, and they fawe infinite 
 nombers of their egges. They draue a great nondier of the foules into their 
 boales vpuii their fades, and tooke vp many of their egges, the foule they 
 flead and their Ikinnes were like hony C(jmbes full of boles being flead off: 
 they dreffed and eate them, and found them to be very gooil ami nourifliing 
 nieate. They fawe alfo ftore of beares both blackc and while, of whome 
 they killed fome, and tooke them for no badde foode. 
 
 M[after] Oliner IXnolvney, which (as it is before mentioned) was in this 
 voy.ige, and in \\\i: Minion, tolde M[(ijler] A'iehard J/aklnyi o^ the middle 
 Temjile thefe things following; to wit, That after their arriuall in h'iiofound 
 land, and hauing bene there certaine dayes at ancre, and not hauing yet 
 feene any of the naturall people of the Countrey, the fame Da-oleny walk- 
 ing one day on the hatches fpied a bcjale with .Sauages of thofe i)artes, 
 row ing downe the bay towarcle them, to gafe vpon the Ihippe and our people, 
 and taking viewe of their comming aloofe, hee called lo fuch as were vnder 
 hatches, and willed them to come vp if they would fee the naturall people 
 of the Countrey, that they h.ad fo long and fo much defired to fee : Where- 
 upon they came vp and tooke view of the Sauages rowing toward them and 
 their fliippe, and vpon the viewe they manniil out a fliipboote to meele 
 them anil to take them. Hut they fpying our fliipboote making towards 
 them, returned with niaine force, and lied into an Ifland that laye vp in the 
 liay or riuer there, and our men purfued them into the Ifland, and the 
 Sauages fledile and efcaped ; but our men founde a fire, and the fide of a 
 beare on a wodden fpit left at the fame by the Sauages that were fledde. 
 
 There in the fame place they founde a boot of leather garniflied on the 
 vtter fide of the calfe in certain braue trades, as it were of r.awe filke, and 
 alfo founde a certaine great warme mitten: And thefe carried with them, 
 they returned to their fliippe, not finding the Sauages, nor feeing any thing 
 clfe belides the foyle, and the things growing in the fame, which chiefly 
 were ftore of fire and pine trees. 
 
 And further, the faid M. Da-oheny told him, that lying there they grewe 
 into great want of victuals, anil that there they found finall reliefe, more then 
 that they had from the neft of an Of prey, that brought hourely to her yong 
 great plentie of iliueis forts of fiflies. iSut fuch was the famine that increaled 
 amongll them from day to day, that they were forced to fecke to relieue 
 themfelues of rawe herbes and rootes that they fought on the niainc: but 
 the famine increafing and the reliefe of herbes being to little purpofe to 
 fiitiffie their infatiable hunger, in the fieldes anil deferles here and there, the 
 fellowe killed his mate while hee ftouped to take vp a roote for his reliefe, 
 and cutting out pieces of his body whome hee had murthercd, broyled the 
 fame on the coles, and greedily deuoured them. 
 
 l!y this mcane the company decreafed, and the officers knewe not what 
 was become of them ; and it fortuned that one of the company driucn 
 with luinger to feeke abroade for reliefe, founde out in the fields the fauour 
 of broyled flefli, and fell out with one that hee would fuffer hiin and his 
 fellowes to fterue, enioying plentie as he thought : And this matter growing 
 to cruel fpeaches, he that had the broyled meale, burft out into thefe wordcs, 
 If thou wouldeft ncedes knowe, the broyled mcate that I had, was a piece 
 of fuch a mans bultocke. The report of this brought to the (liip, the 
 Captaine found what became of thofe that were miffing, and was perfwaded 
 that fome of them were neither deuoured with wilde beaftcs, nor yet deftroyed 
 with the Sauages ; And hereupon he fti od vp and m.aile a notable Oration, 
 containing. How much thefe ilealings offended the Almightie, and vouched 
 the Scriptures from firft to laft what God had in cafes of diftrelfe done for 
 them that called vpon him, and tokl them that the power of the Almightie 
 was then no lelTe, then in al fiirmer time it had bene. And addeil, that if 
 it had not plcafed God to liaue liolpen them in that diftrelTe, that yet it had 
 been better to be puniflied in body, and to hane lined euerlallingly, then 
 lo liaue relieued for a poore time their mortal bodies, and to bee con- 
 demned eucrlastingly both bo.ly and foule lo the viK|uciichable fire of liel. 
 
P k !■; F A C I- . 
 
 XIX 
 
 ns, whereof 30, were 
 .r at (IrauLrenil, and 
 hemfclucs at tlie ciiJ 
 
 tlii'y wiTc very loiii; 
 liLil any Iniule vntill 
 f!i;/,'ii, fliapin}; their 
 • llland of /\)ij;iiiii, 
 y went and fuiinde it 
 ind lliey fawe infinite 
 f tlic fmiles into their 
 eiTyi's, the fdiile they 
 tiolcs lieing Head olT: 
 
 Kiiiid and nnurifliing 
 anil while, uf wlionie 
 
 entioncd) was in this 
 'akitiyi of tlie nii(Ulle 
 aniuall in Xf^i'/oiiiui 
 ', and not hailing yet 
 fame Dir.i'licny walk- 
 i{;us of ihofe |)artcs, 
 lippeanil our people, 
 lo fiieh as were vnder 
 e tlie naluiall people 
 lived to fue : Where- 
 in.:^ toward them and 
 
 (liiplioote to ineete 
 ote makinjj towards 
 111 that laye vp in the 
 
 the Ifland, and the 
 re, and the fide of a 
 s that were lledde. 
 her fjarniflied on the 
 e of rawe filkc, and 
 
 carried with them, 
 nor feeing any thing 
 fame, which chielly 
 
 ing there they grewe 
 
 reliefe, more then 
 
 lunirely to her yoiig 
 
 amine that iiicrealed 
 
 to feeke to relieuo 
 
 on the maine : bnt 
 
 little pnrpofe to 
 here and there, the 
 oote for his reliefo, 
 thered, broyled the 
 
 knewe not what 
 lie company driuen 
 
 fielils the fauoiir 
 fuller him and his 
 is matter growing 
 inlothefewordcs, 
 
 1 had, was a piece 
 t to the (hip, the 
 
 and was perfwaded 
 iKiryetdeftroyed 
 a notable Oration, 
 ighlie, and vouched 
 f diflreire done for 
 ;r of the Alraightie 
 And added, that i( 
 elTe, that yet it had 
 euerlallingly, then 
 and to bee con- 
 ichable fire of hel. 
 
 And thus hnuing ended to that elfect, he began to exhort to repentance, and 
 . liefoiight all the company to pray, that it might pleafe tiod to looke vpon 
 their miferable prefent Hate, and for his owne mercie to relieue the fame. 
 And fuch was the mercie of (iod, that the fame night there arrlued a 
 French Ihippe in that port, well fnrnilhed with villaile, and fuch ,vas the 
 policie of the linglifli, that they become maflers of the fame ; and changing 
 iliip; and vilayling them, they fet fade to come into I'.ngland. 
 
 In their ioumcy they were fo farre Northwards, that they fawe mightie 
 Illands of yce in the fiimmer feafon, on which were haiikcs and other 
 (onles to red themfelues, bciiiL,' wenrie of flying ouer farre from the 
 maine. They fawe alfo certaine great while foules with redde bils and 
 reilde legs, foniewhat bigger then I Icrons, which llicy fuppofcd to be florkes. 
 'I'hey arriucil at S\(ihit\. Iiit's in t'ornewall about the elide of October. 
 Krom thence they dcpnrlcd to a cerlaine Cadle bclimging to sir /i//« 
 J-iillnl, where M[itjl^-i'\ Tluinuis HiiIsmvX .l/[ii//.v] /uijI,iIImv\ other gentle- 
 men of the voyage were very friendly intertained : after that they came to 
 the Karle of lialhe at Initli,-, and thence to lUiJh'U, and fo to London. 
 i1/[ri//<7-] lints was fo changed in the voyage with hunger and mifcrie, that 
 sir Williiim his father and my Lady his mother knewe him not to be their 
 fonne, vntill they found a certaine feciet marke which was a wart vpon one 
 • of his knees, as lie tolde me KichiVil lliikhiyt ofOxJ'onk' himfelfe, to whome 
 I rode 200. miles onely to learne the whole trueth of this voyage from his 
 owne mouth, as being the onely man now aliue [/.f. in or about 1581)] that 
 was in this difconerie. 
 
 Certaine moneths afier, thofe rrenchmen came into I'.ngland, and made 
 
 complaint to king //v/zj' the S : the King caufiiig the matter to be exa- 
 
 miiietl, and finding the great dillrelTe of his fiibiects, and the caufes of 
 
 the dealing fo with the Krench, was fo moiied with pilie, tliat hee pmiiflied 
 
 ' not his fubiects, but of his owne purfe made full and royal recomjienfe vnto 
 
 the Krench. 
 ,; In this diflrefTe of famine, the F.nglifli fomewhat relieue their vitall 
 ", fpirits by drinking at the fprings the ficfli water out of certaine wooden 
 ■ cups, out of which they had drunke their Aqua i-om/<i>Jila before. — Haldiiyty 
 '] royaj^es, /•/>. S>7-S19. £''■ 15^9- 
 
 12. These are all the oceanic voyages performed by tl.c 
 
 F.nglisli in the reign of Henry VIII. which we have been 
 
 \ able to trace. It was under Kdwaril, that our sailors first began 
 
 to creep down the African coast. The special significance of 
 
 i these voyages lay in the then accredited proprietorship (through 
 
 ;the Papal Bull, reprinted at //. 201-204) of the Portugese to 
 
 : the entire continent of Africa; and in the intentional and studied 
 
 ! ignorance of its coast line, in which the World was kept by thai 
 
 nation. Every English voyage to its west coast was tlierefore 
 
 at once an act of revolt against the Papacy, and a challenge to 
 
 I the pretensions of Portugal. 
 
 The Levant trade was open to .ill wlio would dare to run 
 f the gauntlet of the Turks. The .Spaniards recognised tlie claim 
 [ of the English discovery, by the Cabots, of Baccalaos ; and had 
 [not yet worked up northward to it. 13ut the African sea coast, 
 fso honourably and so [jatiently discovered, was (by all laws, 
 human and divine, hitherto accepted) the possession of its brave 
 i discoverers. It was therefore a new impulse, that made our 
 [English ships, passing the familiar Straits of Gibraltar on their 
 [ left hand, to go forward southward, first to liarbary, anil then 
 [to Guinea ; cost what it might. 
 
 I )iscoveries are made by successive steps, one after another ; 
 land the passage of English ships around the world and to the 
 [Eastern seas was but the succession and development of these 
 ffirst attempts to Marocco. All that we know of these Parbary 
 {voyages is preserved to us by Hakhiyt, who collected his 
 .information forty to fifty years after the event, and has thus 
 I transmitted it to us. 
 
 TUIC I'iRsr WVAC.E TO IlAUIlARY IN I55I, III SCRIllf.ll IIV JaMES 
 
 Ai.DAV, .SruvA.N f 10 .Sk.iiastian Caiiiit. 
 
 Orfliipfull Sir, liauing lately bene acquainted with your intent 
 to profecule the olde intermitted clifcouerie for Ciiliii, if 
 therein willi my knowledge, trauell or indudrie I may doe 
 yon leiuice, I am reailie lo doe il, and therein lo aduenlure 
 my life to the vtlermoll point. Truelli il is, lli.at [ haue bene 
 by fome men (not my friemls) euill fpoken of at London, faying that 
 although I be a man of kiinwleilge in the .\rte of .N'auigalion and Cofmo- 
 giaphie, and thai I haue bene the inuciitcr of foiiic voyages that be now 
 gnnven to great ciTect ; yet f.iy they malicioully and without lull caufe, that I 
 haue not bene willing at any feafon lo proceed in thofe voyages that I h.aue 
 taken in hand, taking exam| le efpecially of two voyages. The one was 
 when I was mafler in the great liarke Ancher [<c/iu/i /,■// (,'i ii:rs,»,/ ,m 
 I J/// XiK't-iii/iiT 1550J for the /.iiiniit, in which voyage I went not, but the 
 caufes they did not know of my let from the fame, nor of the other. Hut 
 firll the very Iriielh is, Hiat I was from the fame voy.age letted by the 
 Princes letters, which my .Malter Sfhijlian Giilvia had ubatined for that 
 purpofe, to my great griefe. 
 
 And as touching the fecond voyage which I inucnied for the tr.ade of 
 Unrhirit; the lining (iod knowetli that I fay molt true, that when the great 
 fweate was ['//u- s-,ky,iti>ig sici-iiess hi^^mi hi London on i)//i July 1S5', «nil 
 conliitiied till Ihc following; Scpleinl>cr\ (whereon the chicle of thofe with 
 whom I ioyned in that voy.age died, that is to fay, .Sir lolin I.ntti'iyll, foint 
 Jlitilu'i; Henry Ojbich and others), I my felfe was alfo taken wilh the 
 fame fweale in London, and after it, wlie her with euill diet in keeping, or 
 how I know not, I was cad into fuch an exireame feiicr, .as I was neither 
 alile to riile nor goe ; and the Ihipiie being at l\<rtfmonth, 'I'/ionias ll'iiij- 
 li.im had her away from thence b.fore I was able to Hand vpon my legges, 
 by whom I Iod at that indanl fouiefcore pound [ = jCHoo of thf prtsfnt iloy\ 
 IJeliiles I w.as appointed by them that ilied (if they had lined) to haue had 
 the whole gonernment both of fliippe and goods, becaufe I w.is to them 
 the fole inucnler of that tra<ie. 
 
 In the firft voyage to Biiikuy there were two ^Lool■es, being noble men, 
 whereof one w.is t>f the Kings lilood, conueycnl by the faid .Mailer Thomas 
 ll'inMam into their connlrey out of /inx/i'ml. 
 
 Yours humble at your conimandement, Jamks Aldav. 
 
 The Second Vovaoe to Bariiary in 1552, described dy 
 Master James Thomas. 
 
 The fecond voyage to liarbnry in the yeere 1552. Set foorth by the right 
 worlhipful Sir lohn Vorkf, Sir M'illiam («■)[<•],;;•,/, Sir Thomas Wroth, 
 Mailer /■'in mt-s J.iiin/vrt, .Mader CoU; and others. Written by the relation 
 of Mader /niius Tlioiiuis, then I'age to Mader Thomas Windham, eliiefu 
 Captaine of this voy.age. 
 
 He fliippcs that went on this voyage were three, whereof two 
 were of the Uiuer of Thames, 'lliat is to fay, the Lyon of 
 London, whereof Mader Thomas Windham was Captaine 
 and part owner, of about an hundred and fiftie tiuines : The 
 other was the lUittolfe \/iotol/<h] about fourefcore Uinnes, and 
 a l\>itn^all Caraiicl, liought of certaine Portiigals in Kr.oport iii//'i;/<.r, and 
 fraighted for this voyage, of fumme fixtie tunnes. The number of men in 
 the I'leete were an hundred and tweiuie. The ALader of the /j'i)« was 
 one lohn Kerry of Mynh\a\t in Somcrfetfliire, his Mate was Dauid 
 landman. The chiefe Captaine of this fmall Kleete was Mader Thomas 
 Windham a Norfoike gentleman borne, but dwelling at MarJIijicld-^arke in 
 Somcrfetfliire. 
 
 'I'liis I'leete departed out of Kin:;\s\rode neere BrijIoU about the begin- 
 ning of M.ay 1552. being on a Monday in the morning [ Tht 2d and ()th 0/ 
 
XX 
 
 P R !• 1' A C F. 
 
 Miiy 1537, "vctc J/iH./.n'.'l, ami the MnnOay furliiif^lit next cnfiiin^ in llic 
 t'Uunin;; cami' ti> an anckor at their full part in the rciaile /,;//(; or Af,ifi nn 
 tile coaft of /i'.;»/'i;/7V, llaiuiint; in 32. <lej;rees iif latitude, and there put im 
 land part of unr niarthandife Id he conneid !)>• land ti) the citie of .J/i(;vi<.>: 
 whieh beini; dune, and haue refrelheil iiur fehies with victuals and water, 
 U'C went ti) the feecjnd purt called S.iiitii Cruz, where we difeharyed the 
 rell of Dur ^'oi"N, heinf; t;nod quanlitie of linnen and woollen cloth, corall, 
 amlier, let, and diuer.i other lhin};s well accepted of the Moorcs. In which 
 road we found a Kreneh (hip, which not knowini,' whether it were warre or 
 peace between /■'.iii^liiihi nni\ I'laiitC, drewe her felfe ns neere vmler the 
 towno wals as (he could pol'lihle, crauinj,' aide of the towne for her defence, 
 if need were, wliicli in deed feeinj; vs dravve neere, fliot at us a piece from 
 the wals, which came oner the /./(*// our Adinirall, between the niaiiie 
 niafle ami foriinatl. Whereupon we eoinniin.^' to an anker, prefently came 
 a piinu's aboord vs to know what we were, who vmlerlbandini; that we 
 hail bene there the yere before f 'J'his iviijiniis ///i/,?l''.( sliili'mrni], and came 
 with good leaue of their king ■» merchant wife, were hdly fatiflied, and 
 gaue vs (,'o<k1 leane to brinj,' our goods peaceably on (liore, where the \'iceroy, 
 whufe name was Si/w'// AAiiuu /i,; within lliort time after came to vitite vs, 
 and vfed vs w ith all curtefie. l!y diners occafions we fpenl here very neere 
 three monelhs before we could get in our lailing, which was Sugar, Dates, 
 Alnituids, and MalalTos or fugar Syrropc. And for all our being here in 
 llie heate of the Sonimer, yet none of our company perilhed by IkknefTe. 
 
 Our (hips bein,; laden, wee drew into the Sea for a W'eflerne wind for 
 7iii^ui?hi. IJul being at fea, a great leake fell vpoit the Lion, fo tliat we 
 were driuen to /.niiccivia and Furh-iii'iitiini, where, belweene the two 
 Hands, we came to a road, whence we put on lanil out ol ir layd (liip 70. 
 ehefles of Sugar vpon l.aih\'i\>ti} with fomc do/en or (ixtcene {)f our com- 
 pany, where the inlialiitants fnppol'mg we had made a wrongfull prize of 
 our carauell, (uddenly came with f jree vpon our jieople, among whont I 
 my felfe was one, looke vs prifoners, and fpoiled the fngars; which thing 
 being perceiueil from our lliips, tliey manned out three boales, thinking to 
 vefcue vs, and draue the Spaniards to (light, whereof they llewe eiglUeene, 
 and took their gou.Tnour of the Hand pnl'oaer, who waa a very aged gentle- 
 
 man about 70 yceres of nge. Hut chafing the enemic fo farre for our 
 recouerie, as ponder and arrowes wanted, the Spnniardes perceiuing this, 
 returned, and In our mens retire \r(t>ctit\ they llewc fix of ihetn. Then a 
 l'arle[y] grew, in the which it was agreed, that we the prifcmcrs fliould be 
 by them rellored, and they receiue their old gouernour, gluing vs a tefti- 
 monic vmler his and their hands what damages wee had there recciucil ; 
 the which damages were there rcrtored, and made gooil by the King of 
 Spaine his marchantes on our returne into Kngland. 
 
 After we had feaiched and mended our cake, being returned nbooni, 
 wc came vnder fade, and as wee were going to the (ea on the one fide of 
 the Hand, the CiHii/iiv.;o and other fliips of the King of J'orliisiils Armada 
 entered at the other, and came to anker in the road from whence wc were 
 but new ly departed, and (hot olT their great ordinance in our hearing. Ami 
 here by the way it is to bee vnderftood that the roiliii;als were much 
 olTended w ilh this our new trade into luiibarie, and both in our voiagc the 
 yeere before, as alfo in this they gaue out in Eii.;l,tnil by their marehants, 
 that if they tooke vs in thofe partes, they wouKI vfe vs as their mortall 
 enemies, with great threats and menaces. Hut by God and good proui- 
 dence wee efcaped their handes. 
 
 I'rom this Hand (liaping our courfe for EngUind, we were feucn or eight 
 weekes before we could reach the coa(\ of EnglniiJ. The firft port wee 
 entered into was the hauen of riimmoiith, from whence within (liort time 
 wee came into the Thames, and landed our merehandife at London, about 
 the ende of the nioneth of October 1552. —Ilahliiyl, Voyages, Vol, II., 
 Vait \\., tt- 7-9. W. 1599- 
 
 13. AH these English Voy.-tges, therefore, had hcen planned 
 and carried out before either of the two following \Vork.s, trans- 
 lated cVc. by Eden, had come front the pres.s. As he has 
 given no account of them ; it has been all the more necessary 
 to say thus much here, in order to shew that in these very 
 early days of oceanic discovery, our forefathers were not 
 altoirether idle. 
 
 III. 
 
 This interlud 
 to the New Worl 
 Sliidyuus desire : — 
 
 Unique, imperfect, copy of A ftejc interlude 
 and a mcry oj the nature of the . iiij. elcmcntcs, 
 iS-'i-., wri 11 in the reign of Henry VIII., and 
 l)iobal)ly printed [ ? by John Rastcl] about 
 1519, is in the (larrick Collection of Plays, 
 in the Uriti-sh Museum (Press mark, C. 39, 
 h. 17). 
 
 contains [at C i.\ the following reference 
 in a dialoj^ue between Experyence ami 
 
 Jix. ft Syr this ys ynglande lyenge here 
 
 jVml this is skotlande yat loyneth him nere 
 
 C'ompassyd a boute euery where 
 
 With the occian see rownde 
 
 C And next from them wcstwardly 
 
 Here by hym selfe alone doth ly. 
 
 Irclamle that holsome grounde 
 
 G Here than is the narowe seey 
 
 To Calyce and lioleyne the next wey 
 
 And flaunders in this parte 
 
 Here lyelh fraunce next hym ioynynge 
 
 And sjiayn southwarde (rom thens standynge 
 
 And portyngale in this ipiart 
 
 This conlrey is called Iialye 
 
 liehoUle where Kome in ye myddes doth ly 
 
 And Naples here be yonde 
 
 And this lytell See that here is 
 
 Is callyd the Gulfe of Venys 
 
 And here venys doth stande 
 
 C .Vs for almayne lyeth this way 
 
 Here lyeth denmaike and norway 
 
 And northwarde on this .sydc 
 
 There lyeth Iselonde when men do fyshe 
 
 Hut be yonde that so colde it is 
 
 No man may there abyde 
 
 C This See is called the great Occyan 
 
 So great it is that never man 
 
 Coude tell it sith the workle began 
 
 Tyll nowe within this. xx. yere 
 
 Westwarde be founde new landes 
 
 That wc neucr harde tell of before this 
 
 Uy wrylynge nor other meanys 
 
 Yet many nowe haue ben there 
 
 C And that contrey is so large of rome 
 
 Muehe lenger than all ciistendomc 
 
 Without fable or gyle 
 
 For dyuers maryners haue it tryed 
 
 And sayled streyght by the coste sydc 
 
 Aboue. V. thousand myle 
 
 C Hut what commodytes be withiii 
 
 No man can tell nor well Imagin 
 
 Hut yet not longe a go 
 
 Some men of this contrey went 
 
 liy the kynges noble consent 
 
 It for to serche to that entent 
 
 And coude not be brought therto 
 
 C But they that were the ventere[r]s 
 
^ 
 
 P R E F A C !• . 
 
 XXI 
 
 mic fo farre for our 
 riles perceiuing this, 
 fix of them. Then a 
 e prifoncrs (hould l)e 
 our, gmms vs a tefti- 
 had there receiucil ; 
 j'oixl by the King of 
 
 ing returned nlioord, 
 ea on the one fide of 
 of Porliigitls Armmia 
 from whence we were 
 in our hcarini;. And 
 rortiii;jh were much 
 l)oth in our voiage the 
 (/ l>y their marchants, 
 fc vs as their mortall 
 Uud and good proui- 
 
 ve were feucn or eight 
 '(/. Tlie firft port wee 
 ence within (hort time 
 idife at Umdon, aliout 
 <yl, Voyai^cs, Vol. II., 
 
 , had been planned 
 jwing Works, trans- 
 jifcss. As he has 
 ;l)c more necessary 
 that in these very 
 rcfathcrs were not 
 
 he 
 
 I laue cause to curse their niaryners 
 
 l-'als of promys and dissemblers 
 
 Tliat (aMy them betrayed 
 
 Wliich wold take no paine to saile farther 
 
 Than their owne lyst and pleasure 
 
 Wlierfore that vyage and dyuers other 
 
 Suche kaylylTes haue distroyed 
 
 C O what thynge a hail be than 
 
 Yf that they that be englyshe men 
 
 Myglil hauc ben the furat of all 
 
 That there shidile hauc take possessyon 
 
 And made fursl buyldynge and habylacion 
 
 A memory perpeluall 
 
 And also what an honorable thynge 
 
 llothe to the realme and to the kynge 
 
 To haue had his domynyon extendynge 
 
 There into so farre a grounde 
 
 Whiche the noble kynge of late memory 
 
 The most wyse prynce the. vij. Ile(n]rry 
 
 Causyd furst for to be founde 
 
 C And what a great nieritoryouse deilc 
 
 It were to haue the people instructeil 
 
 To lyue more veriuously 
 
 And to lerne to knowe of men the mancr 
 
 And also to knowe god theyr maker 
 
 Whiche as yet lyue all be[a]stly 
 
 For they nother knowe god nor the deucU 
 
 Nor neuer harde tell of lieuyn nor hell 
 
 Wiytynge nor other scripture 
 
 liut yet in the stede of gotl almyght 
 
 Thc[y] honour the sone for his great lygg[h]l 
 
 For that doth them great pleasure 
 
 C liuyldynge nor house they haue non[e] at all 
 
 I!ut wodes / cotes / and cauys small 
 
 No merueyle though it be so 
 
 For they vsc no nianer of yron 
 
 Nother in ti)[o]le nor other wepon 
 
 That shulde helpe them therto 
 
 C Copper they haue which is founda 
 
 In dyuers places aboue the grounde 
 
 Yet tliey dyg not therforc 
 
 For as I sayd they haue non[e] yryn 
 
 \Vherby they shuld in the yerth myne 
 
 To scrche for any wore 
 
 fiC''eat haboundaunce of woddes ther be 
 
 Moste parte vyr and |iyne nple tre 
 
 Great ryches myght cjme therby 
 
 Both py[t]che and tarre and sopc asshys 
 
 As they make in the eest landes 
 
 liy brynnyng thcrof only 
 
 C Fyshe they haue so great plente 
 
 That in hauyns take and slayne they bo 
 
 With slauys withouten faylc 
 
 Nowe frenehemen and other haue founden the trade 
 
 That yerely of fyshe there they lade 
 
 A boue an. C. [/(«hi/;v(/] sayle 
 
 But in the south p.irtc of that contrey 
 
 The people there go nakyd alway 
 
 The lande is of so great hete 
 
 And in the north parte all the clothes 
 
 That they were / is but bc[a]stes skynncs 
 
 They haue no nother fete \fi:al\ 
 
 I!ut howe the people furst began 
 
 In that contrey or whens they cam 
 
 For elerkes it is a questyon[.] 
 
 Other thynges mo I haue in store 
 
 That I coude tel therof but now no more 
 
 Tyll a nother season 
 
 Slu. C Than at your pleasure shew some other thinge 
 Yt lykelh me so wel your commyninge 
 Y« can not talke a n)ys 
 
 Ex. C Than wyl I tornc a gayne to my matter 
 Of Cosniogryfy where I was err [ivc] 
 Helioldc take licde to this 
 C Loo estwarde beyimde ye great occyan 
 Here entereth the see callyd mediterran 
 Of. il. M. [/liw MiiMfdW] niyle of lengthe 
 The Soudans contrey lyelh here by 
 The great Turke on ye north syile doth ly 
 A man of merueylnus strungthe 
 C This s.ayde noilh parte is callyd europa 
 And this soutli parte callyd afTrica 
 This eest parte is callyd ynde 
 Hut this newe landes fnunde lately 
 Hen callyd anierica by cause only 
 Americus dyil fursl them fynile 
 C l.oo Iherusalem lyetli in this contrey 
 And this be yonde is the red see 
 That nioyscs makelh of meucyon 
 This quarter is India minor 
 And this quarter India maior 
 The lande of prester lohn 
 C Hut norlhwarde tliis way as ye see. 
 Many other slraunge regions ther be 
 And people that we not knowe 
 l)ut estwarde on the see syde 
 A prynce there is that rulelli wyde 
 Called the Cane of catowe ' 
 C And this is called the great eest see 
 Which goth all a longe this wey 
 Towardes the new landis agnyne 
 But whether that see go thyther dyrcclly 
 Or if any wyldernes bytwene them do ly 
 No man knoweth for certcyne 
 But these newe landes by all cosmografye 
 Fromc the cane of catous lande can not lye 
 Lytell paste a thousand myle 
 But from those new landes men may sayle plaync 
 EstH'anle and cum to englanile againe 
 Where we began ere wliyle 
 C Lo .all this parte of the yerth which I 
 Haue here discryuyd openly 
 The north parte we do it call 
 But the south parte on the other syde 
 Ys as large as this full and as wyde 
 Whiche we knowe nothynge at all 
 C Nor whether ye most parte be lande or see 
 Nor whether the people that there be 
 Be be[a]styall or connynge 
 Nor whether they knowe good cr no 
 Nor howe they beleue nor what they do 
 Of this we knowe nothynge 
 
 The Voyage referred to, clearly took place in Henry VIII. 's 
 reign. It was probably the Bristol expedition sent out by N. 
 Thome's father and Hugh Eliot, which discovered Newfound- 
 land ; of which Thome tells us, at/, xvi, " There is no doubt, 
 as now plainly appeareth, if the marriners would then haue 
 been ruled and folowed their pilots mind, the lands of the 
 West Indies, from whence all the gold commeth, had beene 
 ours." 
 
 1 A7(rt/i oj Cathay. 
 
 C 2 
 
XXII 
 
 P R E r A c i: . 
 
 IV. 
 
 HE special purposn of this Preface has now 
 been carried out. It has been to slicw 
 wliat our forcfatlicrs actually arcornplishcd, 
 ere Kdcn set about tlic following 'I'rans- 
 l.'tions, or during the lime lie was actually 
 engaged upon tliem : and so to su[)plement 
 the other accounts of Oceanic Discovery 
 contained in the volume. 
 
 We have, in conclusion, only space briefly to touch upon one 
 other point, and that is but a simple art of justice. 
 
 Most notable is l'',den's position as a Man of .Science in the 
 Tudor Age. He had the true modest scientific spirit; as 
 when he wrote in 1562, to Sir W. Cecil, "Syth only the 
 rcspcctc of suchc vertues as it halhc pleased you to thinke 
 coniniendable in me, hath moved your Honour not only in 
 maner to seeme careful! for me howe I niaye hereafter with 
 (piietnesse spende my tyme in studie (as is my most desire)," 
 /. xliii. ; and likewise when, in 1574, he thus dwelt at large 
 upon what he did not know, a list of disqualifications tiiat 
 must not be pressed too literally, " I'oryf there be any thing in 
 me, wherein I niaye by good reason i)leasc my selfe, it is 
 cheefely this, that 1 hauc eucr loued and honoured men of 
 
 singular vertuc or nualitic, in what so eucr laud.ablc Art or 
 S( ience, euen of those whereof mee selfe have litie know- 
 ledge, as are ("icometrie, Astronomic, Architecture, Musickc, 
 Payntyng, feates of Amies, inuentions of Ingens, and suche 
 lyke," />. xlvi. 
 
 I'lUt whatever may have been his knowledge or his ignorance, 
 actual or relative ; Kden had already grasped the Inductive 
 Method. His life overlapped that of Lord Ilacon. M.iy he 
 not be regarded as a near Herald and Forerunner of the 
 Father o; Scientific Fiuiuiry, when he uses such language as 
 this; of which his whole life was but the fuller exi)ression ? 
 
 " F.xpcrience, the teacher and mestrcs of all sciences, for 
 lacke of whose ayde (experience I mcane) lyke as many greate 
 wittes hauc fallen into great errours, so by her ayde, many 
 base and common wittes haue attayned to the knowledge and 
 practise of such wondeifull effectes, as could hardcly be 
 comjjrehended by the discourse of reason 
 
 " Nought els to say, but that experience to be most certayn 
 which is ioyned with reason or speculacion, and that reason to 
 be most sure which is confirmed with exi)eriencc." /. 9. 
 
 And thus, from henceforth will the reputation of Richard 
 Eden continue to increase, both as a Scholar and a Scientist. 
 
 xxli 
 
cr lauclahlc Art or 
 -• have litlc know- 
 liitccture, Musickc, 
 Ingcns, and suclio 
 
 ,'C or liis ignorance, 
 pcd the Inductive 
 d Ilacon. May he 
 I'orcrunncr of the 
 i such language as 
 ler expression ? 
 )f all sciences, for 
 ^■ke as many greatc 
 >y her ayde, many 
 ihe knowledge and 
 could hardcly be 
 
 o be most certayn 
 and that reason to 
 cnce." /. 9. 
 nation of Richard 
 r and a Scientist. 
 
 t 
 
 [The First English book on America. 
 
 foMirtrc 6|i tixt incjSsSfiisnsi at tltc ftjjir 
 flt of poitmisale nmntXf emjiniicl. 
 
 m tixt. r, aaiirisi nncjjonjs ci-|)-stcnrt. 
 
 <®f popt liaUn anir ftfe lmrft& nnti of 
 Hit cosstela Iicycs nn» tooirtin-s molo 
 irjjcsi tftat til tliat lanrtt i^.] 
 
 
XXV 
 
 [A Note on 
 Jan van Doesborch, 
 
 a printer at Antwerp, between 1 508-1 530 a.d. 
 
 M 
 
 Nything that concerns the printer of the 
 first Isnglisli Work relating to America, 
 must henceforth be of increasing interest. 
 There does not appear 'o iie in exist- 
 ence, any typographical liistory of Ant- 
 werp for the period during wiiich the 
 first Text in this volume was produced. 
 The learned and most courteous 
 Librarian of the Royal Library at the Hague, Dr M. F. A. 
 G. Cani])bell, the author of tlie well-known Annalcs dc la 
 Tyfio^raphic ukrlaiidaise an XVe sia/e, La ILije, 1S74-S, 
 8vo, thus writes, on tiie 21st April 1S85. 
 
 How glad should I h.ive been if I li.id l}een .iMc to give you full 
 infornialion about J.in van Docsliorcli, tin* Antwerp printer in tlie llrst 
 half of thu sixteenth century, liut, alas, the History of I'rinlint; in 
 that century h.as been, without any sound reason, nujjlected to that 
 jioint that even sixte'MUh-century books are now-a-days mure rare than 
 their predecessors of the fifteenth. If Jan van Doesborcli had had 01, 'y 
 one foot in the lifteenth century, I should have been able to give you 
 matter enough to compo?.; his history : because I, and my predecessor 
 as Lilirarian of this Library (Mr lloltrop), have devoted the better p.-irt 
 of our lives to the study of the typography ami typograjihers before the 
 year 1500. Now John of Doesborch did not print till after 150S, 
 liecause in that year, he entereil the Uuild of St Lucas at Antwerp, as 
 vciikhkrc, "miniature painter." 
 
 When such an authority as Dr Campbell writes thus, 
 the present l-^ditor may be excused of his ignorance on this 
 subject. Nevertheless the followitig is offered as a mere 
 beginiiing of this study. 
 
 2. Docsburg is a Dutch town, about ten miles to the cast 
 of Arnlieiin. 
 
 Jan Vail lJi)ehl;'^rc!i, Doesborcke, Doesburgh, or as lie 
 sty) -s himself in (/) the. V7'. foki'iis, lohan fro tloesborch, may 
 h.ive succeeded to the printing business of Roeland van der 
 Dorpt at Antwerp. He was contemporary with our 
 ^^■ynkyll de AVorde and Richard I'ynson : and occtipies a 
 similar positinn in Antwerp ty|)ography, to that filled by 
 those two English iirintcrs at \Vestminster and London. 
 
 He ; cetns to have printed in three different houses. His 
 earliest books were printed at the sign of Acii dijscrc rwce-'i 
 "the Iron balance." M'liose i)rodiiccd about 15 iS, are 
 lirintcd "besides the Camcr portc.^' His latest books, 
 finished about 1530, are at die Lombacrde vcstc, "the Lom- 
 bard fortress." 
 
 It is very remarkable tiiat Doesborch shotild, at such an 
 early date, have printed the English books that he did ; 
 
 especially such an important work as Arnold's Chronicle. 
 He was probably employed in this work by some 
 of the merchants of the English House at Antwer|). He 
 stands in the same rel.ation to our Literature at this time, 
 that Hans Luft of Marburg did fifteen or twenty years later. 
 No books are so scarce as the early English books jjrinted 
 by foreign printers on the Continent ; of which the following 
 Text is one of the earliest. 
 
 3. The first book attributed to this printer, by P. C. 
 van der Meersch, in his Rcchcnhcs stir la vie et Ics Oavaiix 
 des iiiipr incurs J>'c/^vs ci Accrlaiidats ctablis d Vctrangcr, i. 
 131, Gand 1856, is — 
 
 (ij) Die dalructicvan Tioycn, "the destruction of Troy." Antwerp, 
 folio, no date. 
 
 The late eminent bookseller of Amsterdatn, Mr Frederick 
 Muller, issued, in 1872, a Cata'<>,i;iic cf J^ooks, Maps, JValcs 
 on America; and of a remarkable Colh '',n of Early Voy- 
 as;cs, oft'ered by him for sale. At /. j, he states that he 
 ac(iuired, in 187 1, at the sale of an insignificant library at 
 Antwerp, a volume containing four pieces, "all printed 
 there in the first ten years of the i6th century." 
 
 One of these was — 
 
 (/') Van </.')■ niciixiKy vcfilt oft landlscafi nieH'i'flifr ghencJiit va.lcn 
 iloorliiih tiglicn toiiii. 7iin J'orlii^'iul iloor dtii nhl,rbestc pySoct oflc zcckm- 
 Cilr iCn'cnl/, "Of the new world or landscape, nesvly found fur the 
 illustrious King of I'ortugal liy the best pilot or mariner in the world." 
 This is a translation from the Italian (tlirougli the Latin) iiuo Hutch, 
 of the Third Letter of Amerigo Vespucci. The colophon runs, 
 Ghiprciit 'J'/iiiiif.kVi/'fii acn J>y.si'>,;n wiij^/ie, Di /an van /hvshnh, 
 " I'rinted at Antwerp, at the iron balance, by Jan van Doesborch." 
 
 It consists of eight unnumbereil leaves, |wiili]6 woodcuts. The verso 
 of the last leaf is lille>l up by a wood engraving. On the recto of the 
 first leaf [is the identical cornerwise engiaving that is ih'scribed here- 
 after at />, xxi.x., cot. 2] ; on the verso of leaf I, Jonas thrown into the 
 mouth of the whale; recto of leaf 3, four female aborigines [sec f>. 
 xxviii.]; verso of leaf 4, lighting Iiulians [sec /*. .sxix.]; verso of leaf Ci, 
 repeated from the recto ot leal I j anil verso of the last leaf, repeated 
 from the recto of leaf 3. 
 
 Mr Muller states — 
 
 The book bears no date, but it is out of question, that it has been 
 printed in the period 1500-9, the time whc.i all the separate editions of 
 Vespuccius were publisheil. It is one of the first inciduclions of the 
 famous primer, Jan van Hoesborgh, at Antwerp; whose publications 
 (principally romances of chivalry with woodcuts, curious popular books, 
 &c.) rank among the rarest of the .Antwerp printers. Just the kind 
 of publications tliat makes it e.tsy to understand that tliey liavc dis- 
 appeared, as it were, under the hands uf the reading public. 
 
xxvi [^</ Note on yan van Docsborch, a printer at Antwerp, between 1508- 1530 a.d.] 
 
 Another text in this precious volume is thus described, at 
 /. 277, by Mr Muller — 
 
 (.■) Van Je -..vuJcrlicJu:!,; en costclichcii van Paf-c /iiiis landiiiJcs, 
 " Of llic wimiltrs ami precious thinjjs of I'opt John's lands." 
 
 The rcmainiltr of the fust pajje filled with four curious woodcuts, 
 representing l^ a wild man with a boast's head lieariuj^ a fish [see /. 
 xxNv.] ; 2\ an elepliant (see /. xxxii.] ; 3°, a j^rilTun with a man in his 
 paws [see /. xxxiv.J; and 4°, three men lijjhtini; against three birds 
 [see/, xxxiii.] 
 
 Recto of the last leaf, Gliffirint Tluvtni'crpen. Acn dijscre waj^v hy 
 my Jan. van J)ot'sl'On/i. " I'rinted at Antwerp at the iron balance by 
 nie, Jan van Doesborch." 
 
 Eleven difterent woodcuts in the text, four of them repeated from 
 the recto of leaf I. On the 5th leif, a wooilcut of the bird I'hcenix in 
 llames [see /*. xxxiv.j The verso ol the last leaf lilleil with two wood 
 cn};ravini;s, one reprosentinp; the Virj;in with the Child, the other the 
 primer's mark of Koelnnd van der Dorpc, used in 1497, &c, [a herald 
 with liis attributes, holding a trumpet]. 
 
 It is therefore perfectly clear that the First English book 
 on America is niitinly a translated compilation from these 
 two early Dutch tracts; and that most of the woodcuts 
 of the English te.\t had already a^ipeared in its Dutch 
 originals. 
 
 We therefore place next — 
 
 ((/) Of the >te-o lanlis, &'c. 
 
 Clearly, the latest date that can be assigned to this tract 
 is 1511. Hau it been written later, the information con- 
 tained in it would not have been so crude. See the pro- 
 gress of knowledge as shewn in the English Interlude of 
 15 19, quoted at /. xx. It would seem to have been 
 translated by a ])riest in the Low Countries, who had but an 
 imperfect ac<iuaintance v.'ith I'jiglish ; for he uses /icmlsiox 
 heavens ; drycantyclu, for three-cornered, faswyniiiy^nes, 
 kei/i'rs, Sic. 
 
 The Catalogue of the Grcnvillc CoUcition, in describing 
 the unique copy here rei)rinted (Press mark, G. 7106), 
 states — 
 
 " From mentioning Emanuel, King of Portugal, and exclaiming 
 against Luther, the present tract may be about 1121 or 1522, when 
 Kug Emm.anucl died, and Luther was burned in cliigy," 
 
 There is not a word about Luther in the tract ; and it is 
 typographically evident from the above, that the tract can 
 hardly be later than 15 ii. 
 
 4. It is quite impossible, at present, to give a chrono- 
 logical list of books produced by Jan van Doesborch. A 
 few only can be cited. 
 
 ((•) [The compilation by R. Arnold, known a^s ArnohVs Chronidc.\ 
 In this booke is conteyiied the names of ye b.tylilTj of the cile of Lon- 
 don from the tynie of king riehard the furst, and also th[e] artycles of 
 ihe Chartur and libartiesof the same t'yle, &c. No date or place of 
 printing. British Museum (''ress mark, 21, a. 10). 
 
 This is attributed to Doesborch's i)ress, and was a very 
 largo work to be undertaken by him, in what was probably 
 a foreign language to him. It contains the original text of 
 the poem of TItc Nut-bnm'u Maid. 
 
 In the British Mtiseuin (Press mark, C. 25, e. 29) there is 
 an imperfect copy of a tract on the Fifteen tokens of the 
 Day of Doom. It wants the title page. The colophon is 
 as follows : — 
 
 (/) " A lylill treatyse that whiche is called iJicxv, toUcns wliicli been 
 ate translated out of fren^lle in to lOnglishe. 
 
 * Lmpriuteil by me luh.in fro doesborch dwellinge at Anwcrpe by 
 the Iron ballaunce, lic. 
 
 These six texts are probably among the earliest productions 
 of Docsborch's press. 
 
 5. We now come to the middle period of his life's work. 
 
 In the British Museum (Press mark, 1073, b. 32) there is 
 a Dutch life of the fabulous necromancer of the Middle 
 Ages, Virgilius. 
 
 ( .?' ) yirxilius ^I'an zijn leiicn Joot / enJe vatilen, kc. No date or 
 place of printing. 
 
 This tract is probably the original of the rare English 
 Virgilius among the Douce books at the Bodleian, which 
 has been rejjrinted by Mr Uttcrson, and also by Mr Thorns, 
 in his Early Jingl/sli Prose Romances, Vol. 2, Ed. 1S5S. 
 
 (//) The title runs thus : 
 
 The lyfe of Virgilius and of his deth and many marvayles that he dyd 
 in his lyfe tyme by whychcrafte and nygramancye thorowgh the hdpe 
 of the devyls of ''ell. 
 
 'I'he colophon is 
 
 Thus cndethe the lyfe of Virgilius with many dyucrs con- 
 saytcs that he dyd. Knipryntcd in the cytie of Auwarpe Uy mc 
 lohnn IJoesborcke dwellj nge at the earner porte, 
 
 Mr W. C. Hazlitt, in his Handbook of Popular Lite- 
 rature, &'c.,p. 381, ]:d. 1S67, (juolcs the following tit'e of a 
 Work apiiarentiy at [iresent in an English private library. 
 
 (/) Here begynneth a lytell story that was of a Irewt'ie done in the 
 land of lielders, of a mayde that w.as named M.iryof Nemegen that was 
 the dyuils par.imoure by the space of vij yere longe. 
 
 Imprinted at Anwarpe by mc lohn Duisbrowghe dwellynge besyde 
 the earner porte. 
 
 Dr Cami)bell states th.at in the Royal Library at the Hague, 
 is a copy of the following Work, i)rinted by Doesborch. 
 
 (/■) Den oostpronck onscr .Solk/icyt. Trinted at Antwerp on 31 .May 
 151 7. With Woodcuts and printer's mark. 
 
 Also, a Work, sometimes crroncouslyattributed to Jan van XaeMwyck, 
 (/■) Die a/tler exectlenlsle Cronyke ut BiabaiU 1518. With woodcuts 
 ami printer's mark. 
 
 Of this work, there is a copy of an earlier edition printed 
 in October 15 12 in the Ikitish Museum (Press mark, G. 405, 
 f.) This may also have been jirinted by Doesborch. 
 
 The next Work that we can ([uote is, for the time it was 
 produced, a wonderful book. It is a pictorial representa- 
 tion of all the birds, beasts, and fishes, real and imaginary, 
 of the time. It is in three Parts. 
 
 (/) Per diei-en f alleys en die V:ja</erin^e vanden kesten. The colo- 
 phon is Ghepreut l>i my Jan van doeshin/i Tliantweipen liii iaer ons 
 hecren M.cceec. ende. xx. den vijfilen dack in Meye. [5 May 1520.] 
 
 Copies are in the British Museum, the Royal Library at 
 the Hague, and elsewhere. 
 
 Mr Hazlitt, Handbook, &c., /. 8, gives the following 
 account of Lawrence Andrewe's translation of this work. 
 
 (/«) The noble lyfe and natures of man, of beestes, scrpenlys, fowles, 
 and fysshes, that be m.ade known. 
 
 Andwarpe by John of Doesborowe, n.d, fol. 
 
 In the prologue, Andrewe, the translalcjr, says, " In the name of oure 
 .Saviour criste lesu maker und rcdeniour of al mankynd, I Laurens 
 andrewe of the towne of Calis haue translated for iolmes doesbonciwe 
 bo<jk nrenter m the ci'i' "f Andwarpe this present volume deuyded in 
 thre i)L,.tes which w.as neuer before in no maternall langage [ueiityd till 
 now. 
 
 6. One other Work will complete our present provisional 
 list of this printer's productions. 
 
 (h) Van BraliantdieexccUenle Cionil-e. Ofwhich the colophon runs, 
 Chepienl tol Anhixipcn t</<dic l.oml<aeideveile, bimijan van Doesbore/i, 
 inl iaer ons lieien .M.cecce.xxx, in luino. 
 
 Copies of this work arc in the British Museum, the Royal 
 Library at the Hague, and elsewhere. 
 
 7. This is all we have been able to learn, so far, of the 
 l)rinter of the First English book on America. Much 
 more, no doubt, remains to reward the researches of the 
 bibliographer.] 
 
■1530 A.D.] 
 
 XXV 11 
 
 his life's work. 
 ], I). 32) there is 
 r of the Middle 
 
 ;, &;c. No date or 
 
 he rare English 
 liodleian, which 
 ) by Mr Thorns, 
 , Ed. iSsS. 
 
 rvaylcs that he ilyd 
 horuwijh the hel[)e 
 
 lany dyucrs con- 
 Auwaiiie Uy me 
 
 Popular Litc- 
 llowing til'oof a 
 ivatc library. 
 
 rewt'ie dcjne in the 
 Ncrnegen that was 
 
 Jwcllyngo bcsyde 
 
 ryatthe Hague, 
 Doesboich. 
 ntwcrp on 31 May 
 
 an van XaelcUvyck, 
 >. With wumlciits 
 
 edition printed 
 is mark, G. 405, 
 csborch. 
 the time it was 
 rial represcnta- 
 and im.iginary, 
 
 /.■«. The colo- 
 ■pen Iiii iaer oiis 
 [5 May 1520.] 
 
 oyal Library at 
 
 the following 
 ' this work. 
 criicntys, fowles, 
 
 the name of ourc 
 kyiid, I L.auiens 
 ics th>L'.sl}i>rri)we 
 nine dcuydcil in 
 ;.ii;o lnuntyd till 
 
 ;nt provisional 
 
 le c<)U>|ihon runs, 
 n van JJociionli, 
 
 nil, the Royal 
 
 so far, of the 
 erica. Much 
 irciies of the 
 
 founftr iy tlte wxt^^tw^tx^ of tftc Iiaii 
 ge of portyngale \\7i\\\€ti (Bwxtinwti. 
 
 iJDE tltc* V* trjjitersJ itacijonS crysteiirt* 
 
 (fDf pope Softn Jintr \\i^ ImXtst^ mXts of 
 tfte costcly Ixt^t^ Jin» luoixtrcrss molo 
 ayes tltat in tft«it InxXtst (*». 
 
 Ere aforetymes in the yereof our I.ordegod. M.CCCC.xcvi. [1496] and fo be/ \vc 
 with fliyppes of Luffeboene faylcd oute of Portyngale thorough the conimaunde- 
 nient of the Kynge Emanuel So haue we had our vyage/ For by fortune 
 ylandes ouer the great fee with great charge and daungcr fo haue we at the lade 
 founde oon lordfliyp where we faylcd well. ix. C. [900] niylcc[s] by the coofle of 
 Sclandes there we at ye lade went a lande but that lande is not nowe knowcn 
 for there haue no niaRers wryten therof nor it knowethe and it is named 
 Arnif nica/ there we fawe meny wonders of beefles and fowles yat we haue ncuer 
 fecn before/ the people of this lande haue no kynge nor lorde nor theyr god 
 l?ut all thinges is comune/ this ])cople goeth all naked liut the men and women 
 haue on theyr heed/ necke/ Amies/ Knees/ and fete all with feders bounden for 
 there bewtynes and fayrenes. Thefe folke lyuen lyke beflcs without any refon- 
 ablenes and the wynien be alfo as conion. And tlie men hath conuerfacyon 
 with the wymen/ who that they ben or who they fyrfl mete/ is flie his fyder/ 
 his mother/ his daughter/ or any other kyndred. .And the wynien be very 
 hoote and dypofed to lecherdnes. And they cte alfo on[e] a nother The man 
 IS we alfo haue feen and tliey hange alfo the bodyes or perfons ileeflie in the fnioke/ as men 
 
 ctetlie his wyfe his chylderne 
 
 do with vs fwynes fleflie. And that lande is ryght full of folke/ for they lyue commonly. 
 
 C. [300] yere and more as with 
 
 fykeneffe they dye nat/ they take much fyfflie for they can goen vnder the water and fe[t]che fo tiie fyfllies out of the water, 
 and lliey werre alfo on[e] v[)on a nother/ for the olde men brynge the yonge men therto/ that they gather a great company therto 
 of towe partyes/and come the o [e] ayene the other to the felde or bateyll/ and lice on[e] the other with great hepes. And nowe 
 hokleth the fylde/ they take the other pryfoners And they brynge them to deth and ete them/ and as the deed is eten then 
 Iky they the red And they been than cten alfo/ or otherwyfe lyue they longer tyiiics and many yeres more than other people for 
 they haue codcly fpyces and rotes/ where they them felic retoucr with/ and hele them as they be feke. 
 
xxviii \ThefiyJl EngUJIi book containing the ivord America {Armeiiica), &c?[ 
 
 [(IIcic fiilluws a wooilcul of the Natives of) G EN'NliA] 
 
 Of the bhicke Mores. 
 
 T the fyrfle cam wc in the laiide of Canarlcn/ 
 wliythe is. C. and. 1. [150] mylcs from I.yfTe- 
 hone. And thcr betwyn been. ij. ylandes. 
 In yat one is well inatle people and men 
 make there moche chcefe of great wylde 
 gootes. alfo is ther fifllie and suykere good 
 cheep. That other yland is not enhabite 
 thcr be lytell people thcrin/ and they be all a frayde and 
 wylde/ aifo ther ayeen lyeth the laiide of ]3arbera/ and is from 
 them in to ye Gennea. CC.l. [250J myles. and tliat is the 
 blackes mores land, and aycn ye Legynnyng of this lande is 
 con aforcmontaycn and booth caput viride/ and thereby is ye 
 towne Bitlligitfch. v. V,. [5°°] myles from Luffebonen then- by 
 be many w[h]alefyfllies and (lyinge fyfflies on the on fyde of 
 Bifngitfche. ij. C. and 1. [250] myles fayle men vnderyat fone 
 fo ferre/ that men the northe fayle flerre or pollumarticum/ or 
 the waghen called/ no more may be feen/ but pollum ante 
 articiim or yat fowth layd fterre fawe we fourth wilh[.] the 
 forfa)-de Morelande is M. iiij. C. [1400] myles great/ there 
 ye iK'ople goelh all naked with golden rynges on handcs 
 and fete. 
 
 r'Ucrc comes a woodcut of Natives) IN • ALLAGO] 
 
 i ITat lande of Allagn is. v. C. [500] myles 
 greater And gothe ayenfle the begynnynge 
 of Arabien and there is that kyngdom 
 Safale[.] in this lande Allago is the peojile 
 clothed as aboue is marked/ the[y] were 
 and bere for there clothes fkynnes of wylde 
 befles. The men bere clokes made of bark es 
 of trees and ledder to kyiicr thcyr members witii. And the 
 women kyiier theym with fkynnes of befles. and take v|)on 
 t^-rre iKddes for kcrehers fkynnes of oxen or other befles[.] 
 alfo ])y[l]clie the[y]theyr mennes forhed lyke as men pytche the 
 fliyplies/ and there dwellynge is vnder tiie erthe. There is 
 many cowcs. oxen/ great lliepe and other fayre befles. This 
 is on fayre and liifly lande of good water and fwete herbcs. 
 This people ha the a fwyfte hafly fpeche. There is no money 
 but of yroii [? iioii\ and that eiiery body take it for there ware 
 they bere whytc flaues there wepyns is lange jiykes and flones 
 ther they cafle myglitly with. That Lande is fo full of fimde 
 yat they mufle goo vpon brode trenchers that they falle not 
 and fynke. After that conieth men into the lande of arabyen. 
 
 [(Here is another woodcut representing Natives) IN: AKABIA] 
 
 Arabia. 
 
 OiTiyng in Arabia fawe we ye people clothed 
 lyke as here is figured flande. and out [of] 
 this kyngdome hath be oon of the three holy 
 kyngys. Itein ther bynde they ther oxe fon 
 with Arabic gold about ther homes/ and 
 erys. And alfo goldyn rynges aboute th[e]yr 
 legges. And for gold take they of mar- 
 chaundes fylkyng kerchers and lynen clothe. Item ther after 
 fe we now. v. ylandes. the fyrfl yland named Momfabitli. 
 fixty myles from Safalen. is leeid ye towne Quiola that was 
 foinide of the kynges folke of portyngal And they llewe 
 there moche people and robbed the towne. And there without 
 had there kynge edyfyed on caflell that is named feynt lacobis 
 caflell there in lyeth a. C. [100] bolde and hardy men that 
 lyeth and kepeth it. 
 
 [Here is a striking woodcut representing, witli great life and action, a 
 spirited attack on llie gate of some Kuropoan town; wliicli has evi- 
 dently been borrowed by John of Desborough from some other printetl 
 book, chronicle, or other work, printed by himself or other printer.] 
 
 He[n] feiiente myles from Quiola lyeth the 
 towne Bombafla that they alfo byrncd and 
 robbed that alfo there they gatte moche 
 goodes. From thens nowe. xxiiij. myle[s] 
 lyeth the great towne Meli[n]ila and they 
 be frendes/ and there be many floueynes 
 and fell people out of Geneen From 
 Melinda it is. iiij. fcore and. x. myles to on Pcifia there gowe 
 they ouer the fee. For by the towne Megha into the ylande. 
 Auxendia There is alfo one that hath be of ye three holy 
 kynges of the eefl. C. [100] myles into the Kyngdome of 
 Canenor and there begyn the fpyces to growe and from thens 
 fare they forthe in to the great lande of great Indyen. 
 
 •I Of great Indyen. 
 
 [(Here follows a woodcut of the Inhabitants of) M AIOR: INDIA] 
 
 Hey gowe from Cananor into great Indyen 
 there the peo])le goo all naked but yat 
 the[y] kyuer there members with lynen 
 cloth and they be brounde blacke/ with 
 longe here antl of tho women is not wryten 
 but on kaute the fee fawe men nian}e mer- 
 ueloufe people of nvmereren the women 
 bere there chyldrcn and theyr houfeholde fliilTe. Mere fynde 
 men gynger/ pcpcr/ comeyn/ and all mancre of fpyces/ and 
 
^] 
 
 [^/ Jlwrt dcfcription of Africa ami India : li'i'if/cii after 1509 A.n.'J xxix 
 
 ARABIA] 
 
 leoplc clothed 
 e. and out [of] 
 fthe tlircc holy 
 cy thcr oxc fon 
 IX homes/ and 
 iabouteth[e]yr 
 ; they of niar- 
 Itom thcr after 
 :d Momfabith. 
 )uioIa that was 
 nd they llewe 
 ;1 there without 
 ;1 feynt lacobis 
 lardy men that 
 
 life and action, a 
 1; whicli lias cvi- 
 ,onie otlicr prinleil 
 )r other pi inter. ] 
 
 iiiola lyeth the 
 Ifo byrncd anil 
 y gattc moche 
 
 xxiiij. myle[s] 
 n]da and they 
 nany lloueynes 
 eneen From 
 ifia there gowe 
 
 to the ylande. 
 f ye tliree holy 
 
 Kyngdome of 
 and from thens 
 idyen. 
 
 OR: INDIA] 
 
 great Indycn 
 naked but yat 
 rs with lynen 
 ; blacke/ with 
 11 is not wryten 
 en manyc mer- 
 n the women 
 . Mere fynde 
 of fpyces/ and 
 
 coilely Hones for lytell nioneye. 'I'here be alfo many mancr 
 of frute fygges of good fauyour. vij. }nchcs longe and. iij. 
 ynches brode. There be bulfeldes and coyes but the coycs 
 flepe they not/ there groweth good wyne/ muche honeye/ ryfe/ 
 coflely come wiiyte as wete mele/ 'J'her by flandelh the 
 towne of Banderana anil it is. vij myles into Callienten 
 from thens is. xl. niyles there men goo for all maner of 
 fjiyces that men were wonte to caray and conuey ouer the 
 redde fee thorowgh Alexander but nowe is there one newe 
 way founden ouer the the fee[.] in Calacuten is many folke out 
 of feynt thomas lande yat alfo be cryRened/ and folke of other 
 landes and nacyons they goo ouer into that kyn-dome Kyng- 
 r)ehe Gutfchyn as hereafter flandes wr)tcn. 
 
 C Of Guffc/iiii that Kyngcdomc. 
 
 [Here is a woodcut representing two Natives fighting, sec/, xxv.] 
 
 Nd than cam we in the kyngdome of Gut- 
 fchyn and ther hath the kynge of portyngale 
 do make. ij. Cafleyles from here was the thre 
 holy kynges. there groeth much peper and 
 the propercfl flapell therof. That kyngdom 
 Colen is. xxiiij. myles from there/ and there 
 been many kryflened men/ we fynde alfo 
 great Olylantes and many ilyuers maner and wonders belles and 
 other thynges that men cannot wrjghte all. gardeynes frutes is 
 there muche gretter than in our landes of Europa. That ylande 
 Melaijua is from thens. viij. C. [800] myles/ There alfo is 
 moche coflely fp)ces. There is nowe. ij. ylandes the on is 
 liandan and therin groweth the cloues. 'I'hat other Tanagora 
 or Narnaria and there groeth not no other wodde than wliyte 
 and red fandelen wodde/ Tliis is fortuned that for a bell of a 
 glalTe men may haue one handfull of peerles. In Clutfcliin 
 here fome tymes there kynge but that do the peojile of his 
 courte and holile obedyance vnder theym one with a nolher 
 They doo all there thynges all flejghtly For as as tliey be 
 affembled in one gatherynge/ than cryeth the capitayne I will 
 fowe/ and as the fubiectes here iheyr capitayne crye fowe than 
 take they parte of/ the fede and no man fayth the contrary and 
 letteth the other lye and that takcthe the lorde with out any 
 body contrary faynge/ and fo do they in all merchaunilyfe. 
 Forthe by tliat kyngdome Gutfliyn/ Colitm/ Bandan/ and 
 Nagaria. xxx. [thirty] niyles[.] in Arfniia there liath tlie kynge.' 
 xij. kynges vnder hym/ and there lyeth buryeil feynt Thomas 
 apotiell. 
 
 [Here is a woodcut of a tree apparently intended to represent a fig-tree. 
 It miglit do cipially well for many otlicr kinds of trees.] 
 
 N fome of thefe afordxyde wrytten landes ben 
 great and fayre frutes and they be greater 
 than in thefe our landes of Europa In Ilia 
 mandra be great hygh trees for the people of 
 yat contrey hewe great fleppcs aboiite to 
 clyme vp in to the tree to gather the frutes 
 tliat groweth there on for whan they be a 
 thmll to take tliere of. In Arfinia is great brode fygge Trees 
 w ith great fygges well. vij. yncjies longe and. iij. ynches brode 
 and the Fygge tre is fo brode of braunche and Icues that. xL 
 [forty] men may be hydile vnde- tlio forefayd braimihes and 
 leues for the hete of the fonne/ and there for to relle all to 
 gather at theyr one pleafure. 
 
 [Here arc two woodcnts corncrwise, one representing two Indian.s, the 
 olliLr two men and a woman of Europe, sec/, xxv.] 
 
 E haue in this vyage fayled aboute the forth 
 parte of the worlde for to reken from Luf- 
 fyngboren whiche is ferre equinoccyall fcher 
 linien.xxxi.x. [thirty-nine]grades and on halfe 
 fo haue we fayled ouer ye linie equinocciall. 
 1. [fifty] grades that maketh xc. [ninety] 
 grades tiierfore they of Luflbone is vnder yat 
 forfayde linie. xxxix. grade and one halfe in the hygh bed of the 
 hemels is the breyde of wefles/ fo is them of Luffljone to thefe 
 folke to fene the. 1. [fifty] grades is ouer the felfe lyne foth 
 cornerwyfe. v. grades in per[)endiculer linia whiche linie as we 
 flanile rvght of yat poynt the licmls liange vjion our heil and 
 lliele folke in theyr fydes or rybbes and woort fet in the maner 
 of on tryanghel or on drycantyche cornard. therforeitmudnedes 
 be yat the fowth landes be tempered with fwete erthe for the 
 norihe wyndes can nat there blowe. 
 
 [Here, across the middle leaf of the tract, is an excellent representation o. 
 the King of Cochin seated on a kind of trcsscl, carried by four men, sui- 
 roundoil willi armed allcndanls ; and with an umhrjlla borne by one 
 man, and not a canopy borne by four men, as slated below in the text. 
 The wumlcul extends .icross about two-thirds of the folio, in the margin 
 of which occurs the following note] 
 
 Ftcr til is maner of fourme is the Kynge of 
 Ciulfcjiym borne with the nobleRe of his 
 lande/ And before hym is borne many 
 inllrumentes of mufyke as tronipcttes and 
 other and. iiij. of tlie noblefle bereth the 
 canapie ouer his hed left that tlie foon 
 fluilil burne liyni/ and this kynge is buloued 
 of all his eflates and common jieoiile. 
 
XXX \Tlic Jirjl RngUJIi book containing the liwrd America {Arnienica), &ci\ 
 
 [This fresh tract is hraded by a woodcut rcprc';enting angels bearing the pyx ] 
 
 it Of the. X. DYVERCE CRISTENED NACIONS. 
 
 is to knowe that 
 yei)L'oi)leofcryfl- 
 indom isdcuidcd 
 and ben in. x. 
 Nacyons. Tliat 
 is to vndcr- 
 nandthcl-atyne/ 
 (Irc'kcs/ Indien/ 
 lacobites/ncflor- 
 ijncs/nioronites/ 
 Anncncs/ gcorg- 
 iancs/ Suriancs/ 
 mororabes, wher- 
 ofyemoofldeyle 
 is kettersand kyt 
 of/ of the holy 
 Romes chyrche. 
 
 C TIic fyrfte nacyon. 
 
 [Two woo(lciit=;, cvidciUly taken from sonic Martyn)lci<jy, come in licre. 
 Dnc reiiri>ciits an anijcl slandini,' by ihc cruss, ilie other a female 
 saint with a swurd ^ticl<ini; in her brea.-l.] 
 
 Irfle naryon is the T.atyncs and they hatic to 
 thoyr liiide the Kmperotir of Ahnayne and ' 
 many Kyngcs;' as the kynge of callyly an ; 
 of Aragon/ of portyngale/ of nauaryen/ and ' 
 tliefe kyngcs is for fpaynnes nacyon. In i 
 yat nacion of tlie frcnclie Umde is one kynge 
 of I'raunce and many dukes and Erles. In 
 the nacion of Italian is the kynge of Cicylian/ the kynge of 
 Naples and many dukes and Erles and there is alfo many lord- 
 fliyii[jes as \'ene)fe Florence feuen lenuen \i Sienna, Gawn], 
 
 \ the nacyon of Germanicn is nowe many 
 kyngcs with otit the emperourc/as the Kynge 
 of l'!nglande/ of Scotlande/ of Vngcrien/ of 
 l!ohenien/ofPolen/of Dcnmarke/ of fwcdcn/ j 
 of Xorthwegen/ of Dalmacyen/ and there is I 
 't'J^IA^HH "I'^'iy I^nkcs and Krles &:c. In that ylande j 
 *fc'*^HMH!j of .Sypers [? Cy/m/s] is the kynge of Sypcrs/ ■ 
 >;' 'icii; a fore wryten is vnder the obcyifatince or [?(/] the ' 
 i.!)vrche of Rome. i 
 
 C T/ie feconde nacyon. 
 
 He Grekes haiie fpyrytiially the Patriarckc of 
 Conflantynnoplcn/andmany.Vrcliehyffliops/ 
 byffliops/ and abbottes. And in ye teni- 
 peralte hatie they one Kmperotir and inany 
 dukes and erles/ and there is but fewc of 
 them that be cryflened/ For the Agarenen 
 and Ttirkes hath nowe the moofl jiarte of 
 Grekes/ and is not obedient to the chyrch of Rome. And they 
 hatie a great erre for they faye that the holy ghofl cam not of 
 the fone hut alone of the fader. And they fay alfo that there 
 is no purgatory/ that is all a yenfle otir belefe. 
 
 C The tJiyrde nacyon. 
 
 [Here follows a woodcut representing St. Thomas kneeling to our Saviour.] 
 
 Hey of Indyen hath one prynce and that is 
 pope lohn whofe mygluynes and rychedunie 
 amounteth aboue all prynces of the world 
 for he hath vnder hym. l.wij. [feuenty-two] 
 kynges and as pope lohn dayely rydeth he 
 here a fore hym one croffe of wode for to 
 thynke on at all tynies and remember vi)on 
 the paffion of ir-ajhu and to the batayle doth he here. xij. 
 crofTes of golde made and fet with precyoufe flones for his 
 baners/ in this lande is the body of feynt Thomas. 
 
 C Tlicfoiiyth nacyon. 
 
 Acobyten named alfo of on kctter lacob and 
 was be one dyffyjjle of the I'atryarche of 
 Alexandryne/ and this helde the one great 
 land in Oryenten and Afyen and is named 
 that lande of Mambrone and it is by Egyp- 
 ten and gothe to Ethyopen and into Indien 
 to/ and hathe vnder hym well. xl. [forty] 
 kynges rychedom/ thefe be kytte and chryflened with a byrn- 
 ynge yren for they branne the token of the holy croffe in theyr 
 forehed/ vpon the brefte/ vpon the arme/ they confefie them to 
 God alone and none prefles/ and they fay that in chriflo is alone 
 the godhed without the nianhod/ and fomc of them fpeketh 
 Caldefche fomc .\rabier/ fome other fpe[e]ches after theyr lang- 
 age of the lande/ and thefe been condemned of the holy 
 chyrche in that counfayi! of Ceden. 
 
■C-] 
 
 [0/ the it'll divers chrijlian nut ions.] 
 
 XXXI 
 
 7. 
 
 tlic ratriarrkc of 
 nyArclichyffliops/ 
 And ill ye tcm- 
 pcrour and many 
 re is but fewe of 
 ['"or the Agarencii 
 ie nioofl parte of 
 ionie. And they 
 ghofl cam not of 
 ay alfo that there 
 
 iling to our Saviour. ] 
 
 vnce and that is 
 s and rychedt)me 
 ces of the world 
 xij. [feuenty-two] 
 dayely lydcth he 
 e of wode for to 
 remember vpon 
 th he bere. xij. 
 flones for his 
 mas. 
 
 ctter Jacob and 
 e I'atryarche of 
 le the one great 
 n and is named 
 
 .1 it is by Kg)p- 
 and into Indien 
 
 well. xl. [forty] 
 led with a liyrn- 
 y crolTe in theyr 
 :onfeffe tlieni to 
 1 cliriflo is alone 
 of them fpekcth 
 after theyr lang- 
 ed of the holy 
 
 C The fyth nacyon. 
 
 jllcre be alfo Neflorijnen named of the ketter 
 Nedoriniis that was one byflhope of the 
 byffliops of Conflantyneno|)lcn and they 
 fett ij. perfoncs in ihriflo that is the Godhcil 
 and ye perfones/ and they forfake that 
 niaria is the moder of god/ but they beleue 
 well of I[es]hu. and theyr wrytynge is in 
 caldenflher fpeche and they make the facrament in broune 
 brede and there be great multytude of theyni and they dwell 
 in Tartarien and in great Indyen/ and theyr landc is as great 
 as a thoufande of Italy/ and thefe ketters be contlamned in that 
 thyrde counfayll of liijhefyn and is departed of the holy Romes 
 cliyrche and abyde in theyr opynion. 
 
 C The fyxte nacyon. 
 
 Y the ketter Morcn they be named Moronitcn 
 
 they l;iy alone in chriflo is one vnderllande 
 
 and one wyll and thofe dwell by Lybien in 
 
 the lande of I'henicen and there be great 
 
 multitude and they be bolde and hardey 
 
 men. anil great warryars with the bowe/ 
 
 And they haue theyr byffliops clothed as 
 
 l.atynts with the biffliops myter iyw his hed/ and with the 
 
 fers Rafte and rynges/ Thefe hath ben fonie t)nie vnder 
 
 obcyiffaunce of the chyrche of Rome whan Innocentius 
 
 ]iope/ but afterwarde came they ayen in theyr opynion 
 
 there abyde in theyr opynyon. 
 
 C The feuentJi nacyon. 
 
 Rmennyten is alfo named for that they dwell 
 in the landc of Armeneten nere vnto Anthi- 
 ochyen and there is whrythyn feruyce of the 
 maffes. and theyr other tydes ib all in theyr 
 one conion fpeche fo that they all niey 
 vnderRande it what they fynge or rede/ anl 
 they haue theyr hed or fader to whome they 
 do reuerence as we do the pope. And they fcifle the lenton 
 with greatter deuocyon than we doo; for they etc in the lenton 
 no fyfllie/ nor they drynke no wyne;' but they ete tlefflie \'pon 
 fr)(la)'s. 
 
 [Here is a woodcut rcprcsentiny .1 squ.idron nf Knijlish lini!,'Iils, «ill\ S(. 
 (icor^e's llai,', armiil cap ti pic, ami galloping in battle. It lias uutliing 
 wlialuvcr to do with thu text.] 
 
 C The eygJif nacyon. 
 
 His nacyon is named Georgidni of feynt 
 George for they haue hym in theyr batelles 
 for theyr patrone/ and they dwell in the 
 lande of Oryenten/ and they be fayer/ lufly/ 
 and flronge pcpyll/ and they be fore a drad 
 of the Medon perffen Affiryen there they 
 aboute dwelle And they haue theyr fcr)p- 
 
 ;' the 
 
 ;■; croy 
 
 I the 
 
 -■ was 
 
 and 
 
 ture in ye Greekes fpeche and they haue theyr (acramentcs as 
 the Grekes/ anil the clarkes l.atie roiinde crownes/ and they 
 (eke the holy graue to Jherufalem with open or f[ircd baners. 
 And they gyue the farafons no trybute fur the farafons fere'.h 
 thofe folke very fore/ there women bere harneyfe lyke the 
 men and they haue alfo bcardes as ye men and they bere 
 vjjon theyr heddes and vpon hye culieltes hye hattes and 
 as the[y] wryte to the Soilan than gytielh he them that they 
 dyffyre. 
 
 C The Nynfhe nacioii. 
 
 He Suriancn is named after the)r towne Siirie 
 that is the grettell in all Suryen or Affyryen 
 theyr fcrypture and feruyce of god in ye 
 (Irekes fpeche but they fpekc farafons 
 fpeche and they holde the mancre of )e 
 grekes/ and haue byfllioppes th.it in all 
 thynges be obedyent and they make 'heyin 
 facrament of browne brede and they haue the opynyon of the 
 Grekes ayen the Latynes there be fome cryflened that in the 
 holy lande is naniyd Samerytanes tliat were conucrted in the 
 tynie that the apoflels prechcd but they vnderllande them not 
 well in the cryllen beleue. 
 
 €[ The tenthe nacyon. 
 
 Ororaben fo called afftcr the latcn for they holde 
 and vfe the nianer of the cryflen of Ar[a]bien/ 
 and of thefe were wonte to be manye people 
 in Afrijken and in Spaengnien but nowe is 
 there lytell in the tellyng/ 'I'hey haue in 
 theyr feruyce of god lateync as we do/ And 
 they be vnder the obeyifaunce of the chyrche 
 of Rome. And the latynes prelates but in many thynges ben 
 they dyucrfe departed for alfo the day hath xxiiij. houres/ Alfo 
 many tymes hynines and pfalmes and other orafotnis haue they 
 and very longe/ And that that ye I-atyns rede in the begyn- 
 nyng of theyr fertiice that rede they in the niydle or in the 
 laRe ende. And that facrament of the auter brcketh fome of 
 them in. vij. jiartes and fome in. x. partyes/ and thefe jieople 
 be very deuotite and they mareye but ones in theyr lyfe and as 
 the women hath lode theyr fyrll, hufbond fo dothc they meddle 
 no more with no man/ but abyde fro thenffourth in chaftyte. 
 
 Or. ij. caufes cometh the departynge of ye 
 cryflen nacyons. The fyrlle caiife is that 
 men in olde tyme niyght the cryflen haue 
 only haue generall conlilium/ Therfore 
 as the ketters (lode vp ayen the cryRen 
 belefe fo was there no body turned nor 
 faiight counfayll there ayen. The other 
 caufe was the fcrfwynniyngnes of ye opjirefl po[ie of ye fchole 
 of Rome that no mcffengere nor lerned fliulde to the kryflen 
 thow that were come in feche lod)ng/ for had they do that 
 they (liulde haue be conucrted to the ryght belefe. ThorowRh 
 whichc ryght belefe brynge vs to the hyghefl glorye the flider 
 the fone the holy ghofle tlire perfones and one god. Amen. 
 
xxxii. yihc fiy/l Eii^IiJli book containing the loord Anicyica {.Irnicnica), &c.\ 
 
 [An Abridgment of the JMedleval Legend of Prester John]. 
 
 [This thiril Tract has a very large initial letter I, containing what ajipcars to be a representation of Trcstcr John, and of a Roman Catholic monk or 
 
 l>il^riiu kneeling beneath him.] 
 
 
 gpSS^ 
 
 i 1 
 
 ^^^\lfl 
 
 m^ag^ 
 
 
 a^^^^sn 
 
 
 |u^B(^jSil^ 
 
 
 |S^ 
 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 
 ^^^^H 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 
 1^^ 
 
 rai(!M£|^|H| 
 
 ii^^p^^ 
 
 1 lIStiMSSs^ /l^l 
 
 ||\W|^Qjg2^^9i 1 1 
 
 J 
 
 
 » 
 
 
 rojie lohn by ye 
 grace of god the 
 moofle myglityfle 
 kynge a boue all 
 kyngys of ye 
 worklc pyue fal- 
 uyte the Kmpcrour 
 of Rome, and alfo 
 thekingeofFrance. 
 Oiirc wcl Lie- 
 louyd frynde Wc 
 late you vndcr- 
 (landc and knowc 
 of our lande And 
 the m.iner of ourc lyuinge and of our people becfles and fowles. 
 <[ And you faye that we beleue not in god and praye not 
 to hym as you do. So late we you vnderftande that we be- 
 leue in god the father, in god the fonne. and in god the holy 
 goofte. The whythe be vnpartyble and onn very god. and is 
 all thynge myghty. 
 
 And alfo certefye yow with ourc Icttrcs fealcd and doo you 
 knowelege of oure folke or ])cople and of our lande. And yf 
 there be ony thynge yat we kan doo for you. fondc vs worde 
 and we lliall it doo with good hcrtc and wyll. And yf it plcafc 
 ony of you to come in oure lande we fliall gyue theym gold 
 and fyluer to th[o]yr ncccfl'itic/ and make them great lordis. and 
 gyue to them alfo lande and good[s] to lyuc on. and do to [tjliem 
 worfliyp and honor. For the goodnes that we haue herde fay 
 of you. And we do you knowledge that we haue the richede 
 crowne of the workle as of golde and syluer and of precyous 
 Hones in great multitude And we haue alfo vnder vs mighty, 
 xlij. kingdomes and al good cridcn people, and we kepe alfo 
 the poure people with our almcs alle that cometh be it flrcngcr 
 or of oure owne people thorough the loue of almygluy god 
 oure lorde Ihcfu CriRe. 
 
 f[ Item Oure lande is parted in. iiij. For the landcs of 
 Indicn/ there be two. and in that grettcfl Indien is the body 
 of feynt Thomas. And this fame Indien is partiner of ye cofle 
 
 of orient for it lyeth befydc a toure ye whych is caallcd babel/ 
 and it id [? is\ not ferre fro Bahilonyen. And alfo that other 
 parte of Indicn is aboute Scptentryon. and there is great 
 plenty of wyne/ breddc and all nianer of vytaylc. 
 
 f[ Item alfo in our lande be pryfTons/ and it is a great byrdc 
 and a myi^hty. for he wyll well cary in his nefle an oxc/ or an 
 horfc for his yongc byrdcs to etc. Alfo in Saxcn is a towne 
 whych is called Clrounzwyk thcr is one of the clawes yat which 
 is well as great as an horn of an oxc. 
 
 [Ileic comes, in llie original, at tlie side of the paj;e, a woodcut of an 
 cle|jh.ant with a castle on its b.ack.] 
 
 C[ In our lande be olyphantcs/ dromedaries/ wyldc oxes 
 thewhyche haue. vij. homes, alfo Bccres and Lyons of dyucrs 
 colours/ as yc redd/ grene/ blacke/ and whitte 
 
 J[ Item and also be wylde afTcs the whych haue longe ecrcs/ 
 and haue twoo fmale homes. &c 
 
 N our lande be alfo fowles ye whyche that 
 haue the m.iyflery of all birdes of the worldc/ 
 and haue a colour lyke ye fyer/ and his 
 wingis kyt \icut\ lyke a rafour. and this byrdes 
 ben called Ilerion. and in alle the worlde is 
 no more than two. and they lyuen. iij. flcore 
 ycre and thcnnc they laye cggis and fytte vpon theym. xl. 
 dayes and as fone as they haue yongcs they flee awaye/ fader 
 and moder to the zee and ther they drowne theym felf. and 
 alle tho byrdes yat come aycnfl them do them company to the 
 zee. and as fone as the[y] be drowned all the other byrdes 
 tourne ayen to the nefle there they yonge byrdes ben lefte/ 
 and gyue them mete and drinke to the tyme that the[y] can 
 flee and nurter them felfe. &c. 
 
 f[ Yet ben there other byrdes the whyche ben called 
 Tygris/ and they be fo flronge that they wyll bere or cary in 
 theyr ncRe a man fytting vpon an horfe all armyd fro the hede 
 to ye fotc. 
 
 I 
 
&c.\ 
 
 [The Mcdiccval Legend of Prcjlcr yo/in.] 
 
 XXXItl 
 
 John]. 
 
 an Catholic monk or 
 
 h is canllcd babel/ 
 Vnd alfo that other 
 nd there is great 
 ;ayle. 
 
 it is a great byrdc 
 lede an oxe/ or an 
 1 Saxcn is a townc 
 le clawes yat which 
 
 j;e, a woodcut of an 
 
 larics/ wyldc oxcs 
 id Lyons of dyuers 
 kte 
 haue longe ceres/ 
 
 s ye whyche that 
 rdes of the worlde/ 
 ye fyer/ and his 
 tir. and this byrdes 
 1 alle the worlde is 
 ey lyiicn. iij, fkore 
 t; vpon theym. xl. 
 
 flee awaye/ fader 
 c theym felf. and 
 n company to the 
 
 the other byrdes 
 byrdes ben lefte/ 
 e that the[y] can 
 
 yche ben called 
 11 bere or cary in 
 :myd fro the hede 
 
 [Here, at the s!<Ie of the page, '? the rcprcscntntion of a nakcdman with 
 one eye in liis furelicad, and Ijcaiing a chil).) 
 
 fl Item In our lande is alfo a grete dcferte or foreft therin 
 dweleth people bothe men and wynimcn the whyche haue nomore 
 than one eye afore, and behinde they haue. iij. or. iiij. eyen 
 
 C Yet is in oure lande an other maner of people the whichc 
 etc none other than rawe flefhe. and they care not yf it were 
 of man or woman or of beeflis and alfo the[y] care not of thcr 
 owne deth. and as fone as there one of them dyeth thc[y] etc 
 theym all rawe/ both there one [? cnai] fader or mocder. And 
 they faye yat mans fleyfiie is good and natur[a]ly to ete rawe' 
 for they faye that they doe it for parte of penaunce for there 
 fynnes. And they be alfo curfed of god/ and they be called 
 Gog and Magog And of them be no more than one maner 
 of people of this worlde and they fliall be dyftributed or parted 
 thorough all the world whan Antechryfl fliall come, and thefc 
 fame were the people or folke the whych they hailde put in 
 pryfone or in holde the great kynge Alexander of Maccdonien. 
 But for all that he wente his way And of this i)cople flial!)e 
 no iiigement at the drcdefuU day of dome lyke the prophete 
 fa)eth. |[ A'l/do quis. &•€, 
 
 But neuerthcles thonder and lytenynge fliall come fro heuen 
 and bourne theym all in po[w]der And whan that we haue 
 ony enemyes thanne gyue we theym lycence to put thriym 
 downe and ete them that be ayenlTe vs and then make wc 
 them to tourne ageyne into there owne lande. For if they 
 fliolde abyde longe with vs they fliuld vndo vs all and ete vs 
 lyke as they do there owne propre folke. 
 
 [Here, also at the side, is the pictorial representation of the creature 
 described in the next parayral'li.] 
 
 C And yet is there another manere of people/ the whyche 
 hath rownde fete lyke an horfe/ and alfo they haue. iiij. fliarpe 
 clawes behynde/ at there Heles. ^\'llerewith they flrongely 
 fyght that there is no manere thyng can flonde aycnfle them/ 
 nether harnayfe/ yrone/ nor flele they pafTe all thorowth/ and 
 this people gyue vnto vs great trjbute. and they be alfo with- 
 out dowte great labourers. 
 
 f[ Yet is there a nother fmale lande in a parte of that fame 
 forell aforefliyde/ and it is. xlij. [forty-two] dayes lourncyes longe. 
 And it is called Feminie the great. And in that fame lanile 
 there be thre Queues without all other landes/ thowe that 
 holden there been of thefe quenes forcfayde And whan thefe 
 quenes fliall goo to felde/ then eche of them hath. iij. hondered. 
 M. [300,000] wymen and all in harneyfe/ with out all the 
 other women the whych that caray vytayle with carte horfe 
 and alfo with olyfauntes. And thefe women be very manly 
 in fytynge and hardy. |[ And in this fame lande may come 
 
 KuaH. 
 
 no men but. ix. dayes in the yere and no lenger/ and than 
 they haue conuerfacion and felyffliyp with the men and nomore 
 of the hole yere. For if the men there wolde abyde the 
 women fhulde them flee all. 
 
 C And this fame lande is clofed all aboute with a water 
 called Cyiihon comynge out of paradyfe Anil in this fame 
 lande may come no man without a great fliyp or a great barke. 
 
 C Of the people named Pygiiies. 
 
 [Here is a woodcut representing the battle of the I'igmies and the storks.] 
 
 Nd yet is there a nother fmale lande and alfo 
 another Ryuer called Pyconye tnai is. x. 
 dayes iourneye longe/ and. vij. brode and 
 this people of this forfayde lande be not 
 great/ but they be lyke chyldren of. vij. 
 yere of age and they haue horfeys as great 
 as a great dogge and they be good cryflened folke and they 
 haue no warre ayenfle noman/ But they haue warre ayenfle 
 the fowles euery yere/ whan they fliall haue in there fnite and 
 come And than the kynge putteth on his harneyfe. and than 
 they fyght ayenfle the byrdes. And than there be flayn on 
 bothe partyes many on/ and alfo they be great labourers/ and 
 whan the fylde is don than the byrdes flee a waye fro them. 
 
 [Here, at the side, is a circular woodcut of Sagittarius, evidently one 
 of the signs of the Zodi.-ic taken from some illustrated almanac.] 
 
 C Alfo in our lande been ye Sagittary. the whyche ben fro 
 the myddel vpward lyke men/ and fro ye myddell donwarde 
 ben they lyke the halfe neder parte of an horfe. and they bere 
 1)0 wes and arowes. And the[y] fliute flronger than ony other 
 iiacyon of people. 
 
 f[ And in our lande be alfo vnicornes and they been of the 
 manere with blacke and grene/ and thefe vnicornes flee many 
 Lyons, and the Lyon fleeth the vnicorne with fubtylnes. 
 Whan the Vnicorne hath put hym to refl at a tree/ and than 
 Cometh the Lyon and ronnyth aboute the tree and after hym 
 than ronnyth the vnycorne and wolde fayne fley hym/ and than 
 he ronnyth hym felfe into the tree with his home fo harde that 
 he cannot pull it out a geyne. than commeth the Lyon and 
 hath the maflery vpon the vnicorne. 
 
 C Item there is a nother parte of a forefl therin dwelleth 
 another maner of folke and this people ben. xx. Cubettes of 
 heythe. But they were in tyme pafle to be of the heyth of. 
 xl. Cubettes. And they haue nat the pore to come out of that 
 deferte or forefle and all is thorowe the myghte of almyghty 
 god. For if they fliolde come out by there flrengih and 
 hardynelTe the[y] wolde conquere all the worlde. 
 
xxxiv \Tlic firjl Englijli booh coutainiiig tlic iconi America (/Inncnka), &ci\ 
 
 [Here, at the side, Is a curious cut representing the I'ha'nix burning.] 
 tt Here bcgynnith of yc birdc the whychc is called Fenix. 
 
 C In oure lande is alfo a byrde ye whychc is called Phcnix 
 and is ye fayrefl byrde of all ye world ami there is nomore 
 than one in all yc cours of nature, and he lyueth C. [loo] yere. 
 and thenne flycth he fo hyghe that the fonne fett the fyre in his 
 wyngcs/ and thenne comcth he don ayen to his neft and there 
 he burncth to p[o]udre and of the affiles comyth a worme/and 
 within. C [loo] daycs after growyth there out another byrde 
 as fayre as eucr that other was. 
 
 # Item Alfo in our lande is plenty of wyne bredde/ fleflie. 
 All that is necclTary for mannys body 
 
 fj Item In our lande maye come none venyn becfle on that 
 one fyde 
 
 C Item Betwene oure lande and the Turkes lande is a ryuer 
 ronnynge and is called Sydon it commcth out of paradyfe of 
 the erthc/ and is full of precyous (lones. 
 
 J[ And alfo in oure lande ben ronnynge many fmale riuers 
 the whyche that come out of this forfayde riuer. and they alfo 
 ben fulle of precyous flones. As Yfmaraddus lafjjis Sajjhyrus 
 Scobaffus Dyamant Topafius/ Carbonkel. Rubin, and yet more 
 other they whyche I not all can reherce. 
 
 f[ Alfo in oure lande groweth on herbe and is called Par- 
 manabcl/ and that fame herbe is fo myghty euer foo who that 
 fame herbe beryth a boute hym he may coniure the dcuyll of 
 helle and do hym faye w'hat fo eucr he wyl axe of hym and 
 therfore the deuyll dare not come in to our lande. 
 
 Item alfo in our lande growith pepper in foretlis full of 
 fnakcs and other vcnym beefles. and whan it is rype than fende 
 we for our folkc and they put that fyre thcr in/ and than they 
 venym beeftys flee awaye. than we gadder it and car}xd to 
 oure houfes and wafflied in two or. iij. waters/ and than we 
 drey it ayen/ and alfo it waxed black and good 
 
 ^ Item aboute this pafTage 's a fonteyne or a conduyte/ fo 
 who of this watere drinkcd. iij. tymes he fliall waxe yonge/ 
 and alfo yf a man haue had a fykenes. xxx. yere and drynkcd 
 of thys fame water he (liall therof be hole and fonde. And 
 alfo as a man therof drinked hym femeth that he had occu- 
 pyed the befte mete and drinke of the worlde. and this fame 
 fonteyne is full of the grace of the holy good, and who fo we 
 in this fame water wafflied his body he (hall become yonge of. 
 XXX. yere. 
 
 And ye fliall knowe that I am haloweth in my moder wombe/ 
 and I am old. v.C.lxij. [562] yere. and I haue me wefilicd. vi, 
 tymes in that fame water. 
 
 [Here, al tlic side, is a wooJcut of.-i (lying griiTon carrying a man.] 
 
 C Item In our lande is alfo a zee very peruulyous/ and 
 there can we haue noo paffagc with noo nianer of fliyppyng 
 anil than do we vs cary there ouer with our gryffons. 
 
 C Item at that one fyde of this zee ronnyth a fmale ryuerc 
 and therin be many precyous (lones. and alfo thcr growyth a 
 certcn herbe that is good to all maner of medycyne. 
 
 fl Alfo ye fliall vndcrftande that betwene vs and the lewcs 
 ronnyth a great ryuer that is full of precyous ftones and it is 
 fo flronge in here ronnyng yat noman ther ouer can paffe/ 
 exccpte ye Hiterdaye/ and than parted fliehere and toke with 
 here all that flie fyndeth in here wayc. And this fame lande 
 mode we flrongely kcpe for oure cnnemyes. an[d] vp thcfe 
 codes haue we. xlij. [.pi dronge cadels none ftronger in ye 
 world, and ben well kepte of people. To vndedande. x. M. 
 [10,000] knyghtes on horfbacke. vi. M. [6000] CrolTe bowes. 
 XV. M. [15,000] longe bowes. and. xl. M. [40,000] othere men 
 on horfl.iackc well armed, ye whyche thcfe Cadels haue in 
 kyping by caufe that the great kynge of Ifrahel (hall not ther- 
 palTe with his people. For he is twyes as dronge as I am. 
 And his lande is twyes as grete as all Crydcnte and turkey. 
 For he hath in his kepynge the fcconde parte of the worlde. 
 And the great kynge of Ifrahel hath vnder hym iij.C. [300] 
 kynges. iiij. M. [4000] princes, duces, cries, barons knyghtes/ 
 Ajuyers without nonibre. and all thcfe be fubgette to the great 
 kynge of Ifrahel. But yf he myght paffe ouer this fordiydc 
 ryuer with his people they fliolde flee both cryden and turkes. 
 And ye (hall knowe that we all fatcrdaye late paffe. viij.C. or. 
 M. [800 or a 1000] men for beye fuche niancre good[s] or mar- 
 chaundyfc as they wyll haue. but we late them not come with 
 in yc wallis of thys cadels. for they bye it without ye walles 
 of thys fortreffes. and they paye ther marchaundyfes with 
 platis of fyluer or of gold for they haue none other money, 
 and whan they haue don ther befynes they tourne home ayen 
 in theyr owne lande. and thcfe forliiyde cadels be fete to gyder 
 within a bowe fliotte. And ye fliall vnderdande that within a 
 myle of thcfe cadels is a great Cite and a fayre and it is the 
 dronged of all the worlde. the whychc cite is in our kepyng of 
 one of our kyngis. and he receyueth tribute of the great kyng 
 of Ifrahel. And alfo gyueth vs euery yere. ij. C. [200] horfes 
 laden with golde/ fyluer/ and precyous dones. Except alle 
 charges and codes that men doth in the cyte and in thyfe 
 forefayde cadels. And whan that we haue warre ayend them/ 
 than flee we them alle and late noman alyue. and therfore 
 they wyll kepe no warre ayende vs. and the wymmen of the 
 lewes be very (;iyre none fayrer in erth nowc a dayes lyuinge. 
 And by this forrayde ryuer is a zee ther noman may paffe/ but 
 
.&C.-] 
 
 [ The Mcdiccvnl Legend of Prejler yohii] 
 
 XXXV 
 
 n carrying a mxn.'\ 
 
 y rcriuilyous/ and 
 lancr of fliyppyng 
 gryffons. 
 
 yth a fm.ilc ryucrc 
 Ifo thcr growyth a 
 ;ilycyni;. 
 
 : vs and the lewcs 
 
 IS Aoncs and it is 
 
 :r oner can pafH.'/ 
 
 ere and tokc with 
 
 d this fame lande 
 
 cs. an[d] vp thcfe 
 
 inc (Irongcr in ye 
 
 I vndeRnnde. x. M. 
 
 oo] Crofle bowcs. 
 
 0,000] othere men 
 
 Fe Caflcls haue in 
 
 ahel (hall not ther- 
 
 s flronge as I am. 
 
 flcnte and turkey. 
 
 arte of the worlde. 
 
 • hym iij.C. [300] 
 
 barons knyghtes/ 
 
 jgette to the great 
 
 3uer this forfaydc 
 
 flcn and turkes. 
 
 pafTe. viij.C. or. 
 
 goo(l[s] or mar- 
 
 m not come with 
 
 without ye walles 
 
 rchaundyfcs with 
 
 me other money. 
 
 ourne home ayen 
 
 be fete to gyder 
 
 nde that within a 
 
 lyre and it is the 
 
 in our kepyng of 
 
 jf the great kyng 
 
 C. [200] horfes 
 
 es. Except alle 
 
 yte and in thyfe 
 
 irre ayenft them/ 
 
 ue. and therfore 
 
 wymmen of the 
 
 a dayes lyuinge. 
 
 n may palTe/ but 
 
 '&. 
 
 >ihan the wyndc i)lo\vythe fro benelhe flrongely than parted (lie 
 here/ and thannu tht[y] palTc with great hall, and tiian ihcy 
 take will) liyni all niancr of precious flcims. Imt they may 
 fclle none therof [l)e]for[c] that wee haue taken therof our chofc. 
 
 C In a parte of our lande is an iiylle there noman may 
 dwelle for hcte of the fonnc/ and there bee wormcs many on 
 without fyre can not lyue. And hy this fame hylic we kepe. 
 xl. M. [40,000] people that no thyngeells but make fyre/ and 
 whan this wornies fecle the fyre than thei come oute of the 
 crlhc and goo in too that fyre. and there they fpynne lyke the 
 wormcs yat the fylke fpynneth And of that fame fpynnyng 
 we make our clol[h]ynge that we were on fefle dayes. and 
 wh.an they be foule/ than they be cafl in to ye fyer and they 
 becom as fayre as euer they were afore 
 
 And ye fliall vnderllande that faint Thomas doeth more 
 myraclcs/ than ony fcynt in heuen For he comyth bod[i]ly 
 euery yere in his chirthe and doth a fermon/ and alfo in a 
 palays there ye here after of hym fliall here. 
 
 [Here, at the side, is the rcprescnt.ition of the creature clcscril)eil in tlie 
 next paragraph.] 
 
 H And ye fliall alfo knowe th.at there be dyucrs of people 
 of fafon in our lande/ alfo there be people that haue the body 
 of a man and the hcde lyke a dogge and they be good takers 
 of fyfAie. and they be good to vnderflande of thcyre fpeeche. 
 and they wyll goo in to the zee a hole daye longe to the tyme 
 that they haue taken fuche as they wokle haue/ and than ye 
 [f/in] coiiie ayen charged with fyfflie. and here them in to ye 
 houfes for they haue there dwellinge places vnder erthe. and 
 thenne take we jiart of there fyfflies that vs befle lyketh. and 
 they do great hariiie among our bee thow yat be wylde. and 
 they fyghte alfo ayenfle our archers. &c. 
 
 ([ In oure londe is alfo one manerc of byrdcs and laye ther 
 cggis in the zee. xxi. and ther out giowen yonge byrdes. and 
 than lhe[y] llee away and we take fomtyme of theym for they 
 
 t bee good for to ete whan tliey be yonge For yf theyr were 
 ony man that hathe lofl his nature and ete of this fame byrde 
 
 i he flioU it gete ayen and becom as (Ironge as euer he was 
 afore. 
 
 [Here is a woodcut of a tree dropping oil, guarded by a dragon, as described 
 in tlie next paragraph, 
 
 C -Mfo in our lande is that fame tree/ ther yat holy creflen- 
 I doiii or olye [? ly/t'] out ronnith. and this tree is dreye/ and 
 
 thcr is a great ferpent which yat tree hath in kepynge all the 
 [ hole ycrv. nyght and daye but alone vp[on] feynt Johns daye 
 [and night and than flcpyth the ferpent or dragon, and than 
 
 goo we to the tree and take yat crifma. and of this fame is 
 [noraore than iij. po[u]nd. and than tourne wc ayen fccretely 
 
 with great drede and fere yat he vs not fee/ for clls he wyll 
 llee vs. and this fame tree is a dayes iourney fro ye paradys of 
 ye erthe. but whan this ferjient is a waked than maked he 
 great nione and forow. and this dragon liath. ix. Iiedes and. ij. 
 wynges. and is as great as twoo horfes. But for all yat it 
 followeth vs flylle tyl we ben come to the zee ayen. and than 
 tourned it ayen. and thenne here we that crifin.a. to ye patriarch 
 of feynt tliomas and lie halowcth it/ and ther with they make 
 vs al cryflen. and ye remen.aunt fende we to ye patriarche of 
 Iherufalem. and he femle it forth to the I'ope of rome. and he 
 pulh therto olye tof lyfe [foyU of ly/e] and than halowyth it/ 
 and then he fendeth all cryflente through 
 
 f[ Alfo ye fliall vnderflande whan we fliall goo to warre than 
 doo we afore vs here with, xiiij. [14] kynges. xiiij. [14] cofers 
 with golde and fyluer really wroght with precious (lones. and 
 the other kynges come after vs with grete Rremers and bancrs 
 of fylke and fyndale very rychely wrought. Ye fliall knowe 
 alfo that afore vs gone. xl. M [40,000] clerkis and alfo many 
 knyghtis. and men afote there be ij.C. M. [200,000] without 
 cariers antl cariers that go with the olyphantes and cary our 
 barneys and vitales. 
 
 f[ V'e fliall vnderflande alfo as we goo to fylde than put we 
 oure lande in the kepyng of the Patriarche of feynt thomas. 
 And whan we peccfably ryde than do we here afore vs a crofle 
 of wodde in worfliyp of oure lorde Ihefu Cryn.e. Alfo in the 
 incomynge of eucry cyte flande. iij. croffes made of wodile/ for 
 to remembre ye pafllon of oure lord Ihefu cry fie. And whan 
 we ryde peccfably than do we alfo here afor vs a bafyn full of 
 erthe to remembre yat we be come of erthe and that we fliall 
 waxe erth ayen. and we do alfo bere for vs another bafyn full 
 of fyne golil to a token that we be the noblefle and myghtyeft 
 kyngis of all the worlde. 
 
 fl There is alfo in our lande noman fo hardy that dare brcke 
 his wedloke. but yf he dyde he (holde be incontynent be 
 burnyd. For our lorde hym felfe hath ordeyned wedlok ther- 
 fore it fhold be kept by rcafon )f that we louyd oure lorde 
 Ihefu Cryfl.e. For it is one of the facramentes of the holy 
 cli)Tche. 
 
 <I Alfo there dare noman make a lye in oure lande. for of 
 he dyde he fliolde incontynent bee fleyn and we be feythful in 
 oure faying and doying. 
 
 f[ Alfo ye fliall vnderfland that we euery yere goo vyfite 
 the holy body of the prophete danyel in oure forefl/ and we 
 take with vs. x M. [10,000] clerkis and as many knyghtys. 
 and. CC. [zoo] cartels, made vpon Olyphantes fore to kepe vs 
 from ye dragons ye whychc haue. vij. hedcs. the whych that 
 haue theyr dwellynge in that forefU 
 
 f[ And there bee alfo in that fame place dates ye winter 
 and fomer hange on the trees fayr and grene. And ye forefle 
 is great a. C. and xxx. [130] dayes journey, and ye. ij. 
 
ws— < <»■% "^ i ^aw 
 
 I 
 
 xxxvi \Tlic firjl llnglijh book coiitni/iing the ivord America (. Irmeitica), &€,] 
 
 patriarchL's ben l)cforc vs at tabic for tlicy liauc llic niyglit of the 
 pope of romc. And wc liaiie twycs as many abbotcs in oiire 
 lande as there be ilayes in the yere. [and] xv. more And cucrich 
 one of them comcth ones in ye yere and faytlic niafTe vpon 
 faint Thomas auter. And I my fclf feye alfo maffe in tiie grete 
 feflis of ye yere. and ther for I am railed pope lolin. For I 
 [am] i)riflc after the oiitflicwyng of facrificie of the auters. and 
 kinge after outfliewing of luftice. J[ And I pope lohn was 
 halowid afore I was borne, for oure lorde feiide his angell to my 
 fader and fayde to hym make a pallays the whychc (liall be of 
 the grace of god and a chamber of that paradyfe for your fonnc 
 comynge For hi fliall be the grettell kynge of the worlde, and 
 he fliallc a longe tyme lyue. So who that in this pallays 
 comyth he (liall haiie no liongre or thryfte. and he fliall not 
 deyc and as fone as my finler was a wakyd he was very mery/ 
 and incontynent he began to make thys pallays lyke ye fliall 
 here. At fyrfl of ye incomynge of thys pallays is made of 
 triftall and the coucrynge of it is of precious iloncs and with 
 in realy wrought with flerres lyke yf it were ye hcuen. and 
 that pauing is alfo of criflall and within this finie pallays 
 be none wyndowcs. and widiin this fiime jjallays be. 
 xxiiij. [24] pyllers of fyne gold and of precyous ftoncs of all 
 maner fortes, and ther am I at great fen.e dayes of the yere 
 and feynt Thomas prechyth in niiddcU of this pallays to the 
 
 people. And wliithin this fame jjallays is a condiiyte or a fon 
 teyne is lyke wyne in drynkynge/ fo who thereof drinckcth hj 
 defyred none other mete nor drinke and noman can telle fro 
 whens it cometh or whyther it gothe. Alfo ther is another 
 great merutyll in this fame i)allays whan we fliall goo to our 
 dyner/ fo is there no niancr of mete made redy lor vs/ nor 
 there is no manner of inflrumentcs to make mete redy with 
 all. but there comith before vs all maner of delycious mete 
 that comyth there thoroughe the holy good. And it is 
 not wel poffyble to wrytte all maner of goodnes they [hauc] 
 whiche yat be in oure lande. And ye fliall vnderflande that 
 we writte nothinge to you but trewe is. For if we fliolde wryte 
 lyes to you/ god and feynt thomas fholde punyfflie vs/ for we 
 fliolde lefe all our dignyte and oure worfliyp. 
 Anil we praye you that ye wyl writte vs ayen with the berer 
 of this lettre. and fende to vs ayen a good knyght of ye genera- 
 cyon of fraunce. 
 
 And we praye the kynge of Fraunce that he wyll vs reconi- 
 maunde to the myghty kyng of Knglande. and alfo to all other 
 kynges the whyche yat dwelle be yonde the zee tliow that ben 
 cryflened and we praye god that he you wyl gyue the grace of 
 the holy good Amen. 
 
 Written in oure holy pallays in the byrth of my felfc. v. 
 [five] hondred. and feuen. 
 
 CBntpicntctl) bji me lo&n of Bocsboroluc: 
 
XXXV 11 
 
 The 
 
 Life and Labours 
 
 of 
 
 Richard Eden, 
 
 Scholar, and Man of Science. 
 
 [?i52i}— 1576. 
 
 * Probubte or approximate date). 
 The best Life of our Author hlthcito, is in Cooper's Athciitc Caittabiisiensts, il., 2, Ed. 1861. 
 
 1526. 
 1526. 
 
 Feb. 
 
 1SC9. Apr. 22, fllrnin Vill. (omtt to tl)( tijvonr. 
 
 1521.* The yc.ir of our Author's birth has not yet been ascer- 
 
 tained, but it cannot be much later than 1531. He 
 would therefore be of nearly the same oge as Sir 
 William Cecil, Lord Uurlcish, who was born on 13th September 1520. 
 He stated in 1573 (see under that year) that 'he was of a respectable 
 family in Hertfordshire ; where he, in that year, had a sister still living.' 
 1526 *-1534. ' He is well educated as a boy. ' When I was a yonge 
 Bcoler, I haue read in the I'oet IlcshJus'^p. xli. col. 2, 
 rietro Martire of Anghiera dies. 
 The printing of the Siimario dt la nalnral y general 
 isloria de las Indias, written by Gon^alo Fernandez de 
 Ovicdo y Valdes, is finished at Toledo. 
 1530. Jan. 25. Sir Thomas Smith L*. 28th March 1514 at Saffron 
 Walden], being then B.A., is elected Fellow of Queen's 
 College, Cambridge. 
 
 The printing of the Third edition of Pietro Martire's 
 Latin Decades is finished at liasle. It is undoubtedly 
 the text from which Eden translated //. 63-200 of 
 this present work. 
 Sir T. Smith is resident at Cambridge. 
 Vaunuccio liiringuccio's Pyrotecltnia is first printed ; 
 at Venice. 
 
 Eden studies at Cambridge for ten years (see under 
 'S73). What he states there, he confirms elsewhere, see 
 p. 1. tol, I, ' that the ryght wurfliypfuU and of fmgular 
 
 D 
 
 1533. Aug. 31. 
 
 1533-1530. 
 1540. 
 
 1535-1544. 
 
 leamynge in all Iciences, Syr Tlmmas Smyth, in my tyme the tloure of 
 the Vniuerfiiic of Cambridge, and sometyine my tutor.' I le docs not, how- 
 ever, seem to have taken any dejjrcc, while up at the University, 
 1539-1541. Sir T. Smith is travelling abroad. 
 
 1542. A folio edition of Chaucer's works Is published, re- 
 
 markable for being an early instance of joint enterprise 
 among English printers, 'each having his own name alone 
 as printer, in the colophon of so many copies as were his proper share.' — 
 Herbert's Typogra/'likal Anliiiiiities, /. 557, Ed, 1785-90. The joint 
 partners in this edition were W. lioaliani, K. I'ctit, K. Kele, and K. Toy. 
 1842-1547. Sir T. Smith is again resident at Cambridge. It 
 
 was probably during this periml, that he taught Eden: 
 who had, for his fellow pupils under Sir T. Smith, 
 Edward Verc, afterwards the Earl of Oxford and a most exquisite poet ; 
 and John Tonet, afterwards Bishop of Winchester. 
 
 1544-1546. Eden comes to Court, and holds a position in the 
 
 Treasur)', for about two years ; which is his first appoint- 
 ment in the Civil Service. 
 1545. Oct. The First edition of Thomas Geminus' important 
 
 ' Epitome of T/ie Fabric of the Human Body, by A. 
 Vesalius,' is published in Latin in London, in folio size; 
 illustrated with remarkable engravings, 'all drawen out, and graven 
 in braffe, sind fo imprientetl by my own labour.' The dcilication to 
 Henry VIH. is dated London, 4 K.il. Oct. [aSlh September] is^JS. 
 
 Geminus, in his next edition of 1553, states that King Ilcnry very much 
 wished that this anatomical work should be widely published abroad : and 
 that he himself had subsi'nuently heard that it had been 'notably well 
 
 fi 
 
r-* • 
 
 XXXV 111 
 
 Till' LiFK AND Labours or Richard Eden. 
 
 'i\ 
 
 1547. 
 1547.* 
 
 1548. Sept. 
 
 1549. Oct. 10. 
 
 Nov. 
 
 Sept. 5. 
 1551. July 3. 
 
 nicoplcd, anil li.Uli duen mutlie ^'uod in Il.ilyc, I'lauiicc, Hp.Tinc, .ind 
 (Itrnuiinc, .mil ullicr fmcn jiarlics. ' 
 
 1547. I'Men is dcslinol Id llic olfice of the Uislillciy ; when 
 
 the King (lies ; .sec/, xlv. 
 
 1547. Jan. 28. ETiUiaili HJ. buccccDb to tl)c (TroUjti. 
 
 The 1. Old I'liileclor, l-n\vever, gives the Dislillcryto 
 OP ' lid held it down to, .it least, so late as 1573. 
 
 i..!iii mairies; and has l>y Ills wife twelve children in 
 the next fourteen years : who all aiiparcntly grow up to 
 manhood ; else tile aigiinient ami apjieal then used hy 
 liini in 1573, vniild seem to he faulty. 
 
 Master Wllllani Cecil, ict. 2S, is appointed .Secretary 
 to the Lord I'rolector .Sonierset. 
 
 In the political revolution, occasioned liy the .advent 
 to power of the Karl of Warwick, aflerwanls the Duke 
 of Nortluiinherlaml — to whom Kdcii, in 1553, dedicated 
 his 'I'nnlyfc of Ihc nct'c India — Master \V. Cecil is 
 conlined to his house (Oct. 10) ; and in Novcniher 1- 
 scut to the Tower; from whence he is set free on the 25tli 
 1550. Jan. 25. January following. 
 
 The l''lrst edition of Hirolanio Cardano's work, />.■ 
 Suhtilitiite, is )irinted at Nureiiiheig in folio. It was written in eight 
 months ; Iml under constant corrcctlun for three years before it apjieared. 
 I'.deii ihoughl very highly of it. 
 
 1550. May. 'J'he Mrsi edition, of the I'lrst Volume only, of A'/rv- 
 
 gnl'h'iii <• / Vi/;,%7 [collected hy J. 11. Ramusio] is printed 
 
 at Venice. It was probably this First impressiim ; and 
 
 not the Second edition of the same Volume iirinlcd in March 1554, lliat 
 
 Kdeii made use of in his Compilation. 
 
 .Master \V. Cecil is appointed one of the Secretaries 
 of Slate an<! a I*rivy Councillor. 
 
 The sweating sickness, which had begun on 15th 
 
 April at Shrewsbury, begins in London ; where 500 
 
 persons die in the lirst week. At this time, the first 
 
 Lngllsh ship that ever went to liarbaiy, leaves rortsinouth ; under the 
 
 command of T. Windham (see/, xi.x). 
 
 Oct. 11. Sir W. Cecil is knighted. 
 1552. Spring. IMeii writes thu.-, at /. 355, about the middle of 1555, 
 ' .\nd wheias as conceriiynge the knowieage of metah, 
 I was once mynded to haue tranflated into Knglyllie 
 the hoole workc of ryiotcchnia, wherof I fynyfflied. xxii. chapilures now 
 more then three yeaies fence, and lefte the copie therof in the handes of 
 one of wiiome I coulde neuer get it ageyne (omytlynge to fpeakc of other 
 ingratiiudes) I was tlierby difeouraged to procc.ade .-.ny further in that 
 woorke.' l''rom this, it is evident that, by this time, Lden was a good 
 Italian scholar. His tian.slation of the first three chapters will be found at 
 //. 356.30s. 
 
 1552. About this date, Kden was, I believe, arling as private 
 
 secretary to .Sir W. Cecil. ' ' :.,^, however, lost the 
 reference to the authority for this. 
 1552. April 22. Sir W. Cecil is m.adc Chancellor of ihe Older of the 
 Carter. 
 May 2 or 9. Tho second Liiglish voyage sets out for llarbary, 
 /. xix. 
 
 Ciirolamo Cardano, on his way from Italy, reaches 
 Loudon ; and after a rest of three days, travels in 
 twenty-three days to lidinbingh : where he somewhat 
 successfully prcscv'bes for Cardinal ISealon. After a 
 stay of seventy-five days there ; he leaves Kdinbuigh on 
 Ijlh September, on hii return towards Italy. 
 See further respecting this famous Italian mnglcian or physician— tliip 
 considerable genius — this prolific author (he wrote in all 222 treall«es, large 
 and small) — this most impudent liar and prodlgale liver, in I'rofessor 
 Morlcy's Lije of jfiivme Ctiii/,111, 1S56. It is (pille ])ossll)le that llden saw 
 Cardano — whose works, he fjuutes as of the highest authority — while h*; 
 was slaying In London. 
 
 1552. July 20. Cieminus, in the Dedication prefixed to the Second 
 edition of his "Lpitonic of Vesalius' Anatomy c.-'i." 
 x.-:xviii 
 
 June 3. 
 
 Sept. 12. 
 
 (with the explanations to the plates, greatly augmented and In £ir^'.'is/i), 
 which is dated " At Wiiidfore, the. xx. July 1552," (the engraved 
 title is, however, dated 1553) goes on to slate, after what we have already 
 ([noted above, under 1545, as follows ; — ' And now of late by the informa- 
 clon of fiindrye frendes and alfo of diuerfe furgeonr, I haue ben borne 
 in hande, tli.at the fame wdikc beeyng fet foorth in the Knglifli lounge 
 might greatly auall-; lo ye knowledge of the vnlatlncd Surgeons, 
 and liy meane of them, (liould bee muche more bcneficiall, then in latin 
 it is to an infinite nombre of jieople in lliys your Malellles Koyalme of 
 England!'. Wherefore myndyng to rendre vnio this Countrey, in which 
 by your graces piotecclon and bounleous llberalllie I Hue, as muche 
 fruite as my i>oore induftrie and continuall trauaile may poflibly bee h.able 
 to yclde, 1 haue carncllly applyed my felfe to make comuKm and familiar 
 to all Kngllfiie jieople that which hath ben found profitable among fo 
 many foren naclons. Wliereunto for.ifinueh .as I am not my felfe fo 
 perfelct and ex|ieite in the linglillie tonge that I dare warraunt or trull 
 niyne owne dooynges, I haue vfed the lludious peincs of .Nicholas Vdall 
 [the author of A'oishr Doist^r, our earliest known Liigllsli comedy] and 
 certain other learned men whofe exercife in tranllaccloiis and pennyiig in 
 this tounge hath ben (as I vndeillande) not without fonie fruite to the 
 common weale.' Lilen edited the next edition in 1559. 
 
 1552. Dec. 2. The printing of the first edition of I'rancisco Lopez dc 
 
 Gomiira's I Gloria dc las Iiidias y conqiiiila dc McxiiOy is 
 finished at .Sarago.,sa. 
 
 1553. May 9. The date of the Ordinances &e. for the Lnglish fleet 
 
 going for tlie discovery of Cathay by the Norlh-l'".a.st ; 
 given by Sel asllan Cabot, as ' (iouernour of the myfterie 
 anil companic of the Marchants aduenturers for the difcouerie of Regions, 
 Dominions, Hands, and places vnknown ;' who were not, however. Incor- 
 porated by royal charier, until 6lh February 1555 (I and 2 I'hilipand .Mary). 
 For these Onlliiances, see Ilakluyt's V'oyai^cs, e-'c, /. 259, cd. iS.Sq. 
 1553. May 20. The first Fnglish fleet, consisting of the Bona Esfe- 
 ranui, I20tons, Caplain Sir Hugh Wllloughby, General 
 of the whole fleet ; the luhi'ard Jionaitiilun, 160 tons, 
 Captain Richard Chancellor, I'ilot M.ajor, with Stephen llurroiigh (or as 
 FMcii calls him at/, xll. col. 2, Sleucn a llurrough), for Master; .and the 
 />ona Conjidat/ia, 1)0 UtiK, Cornelius Deerfoorlh, .M .aster : leave KatclilT 
 on their voy.age, and get as far as Deptford. 
 
 May 21. About 2 p.m. they leave Deptford. Then occurred 
 the scene thus vividly descrilied to us by Clement 
 Adams; of which it is almost certain that Eden was 
 an eye-wiincss. 
 'The greater fliippes were towed downe with boates, .and cares, and 
 the mariners being all apiiarelled in wateliet or flilc coloured clothe, 
 rowed a niainc, and made way with diligence. .-Vnd being come neere to 
 Gnrnnuith (where ihe Court then laye) piefeiitly vjion the newcs thereof 
 the Courtiers came running out, and the common people flockt together, 
 flandliig very thicke V|>()n the flioare : the priuie Crmnfell, they lookt out 
 at Ihe windowes of the Conn, and the reft ranne vp to the toppes of the 
 towers ; the fliippes hereupon difcharge the Ordinance, and flioote oif their 
 pieces after the mailer of wane, and of tlie fea, infomuch that the tops of 
 the liilles founded theiewilh, the valleys, and the waters gaue an Ecch^, 
 and the mariners they flioutcd in fucli fort, that the Ikie rang againe 
 with the noyfe thereof. One floode in lli^ poope of the fliippe, and by 
 this gerture biddes farewell to his friends In the bcft manner he couhle. 
 Anotiier walkes vpon the hatches, another climbcs the flirow[d]es, another 
 flandes vpon the maine yarde, and another in the toppe oi the fliippe. 
 To bee fliort, it was a very trhmiphe (afler a fort) 'nail lefpects to the 
 beholders. ISut (alas) the good King F.dwarde (In rcfpect of whome 
 principally all this was prepared) hee only by reafon of his licknefle was 
 al'fenl from this fl-ewc, and not long after the departure of thefe fliips, 
 the lamcnl.able and mod forowfuli accident of his di.'alh followed.' — 
 Ilakluyt, JVyvrfw, /. 2S2, I\d. I5S(> 
 
 May This voyage seems to have aroused a general interest 
 
 in cosmography. Teople began to think of the great 
 unknown world outside and beyond England. Some 
 one printed a tract or .single sheel, entitled Of III? ucto found lands, which 
 Eden derides at/. 5, This publication stirred hlin up to n rapid trans- 
 lation of a part of the Fifth book of Mucnatcr's coloisal Cofino^ra/'hy. 
 
The Life an'd Lahours of Richard Eden. 
 
 XXXI K 
 
 1 and in Eii;^lisli), 
 I," (the cngravnl 
 \t \vc have already 
 ite by llie informa- 
 1 liauc l)en borne 
 he Knghfli lounge 
 ilatincd Surgeons, 
 kiall, then in latin 
 aiullies Koyalme of 
 Countrey, in which 
 ; 1 Hue, as nniche 
 r poflilily liee liable 
 nmiin and familiar 
 irofilable among fo 
 m not my felfe fo 
 re warraunt or Irull 
 ; of Nicholas Vdall 
 iglish comedy] and 
 ons and pcniiyng in 
 fome fruile to the 
 
 >• 
 
 Kranci'ico Lopez I'e 
 ujitistti dc A/t'.\ito^ is 
 
 iir the Knglish llci.t 
 by the North-Kasi ; 
 rnnur of the myflerie 
 fcoucrie of Kegions, 
 not, however, incor- 
 l2 Philip and Mary). 
 
 259, .v/. 15S9. 
 ; of the Bonn /-^s/e- 
 kVilloughliy, General 
 •)ia-,\'iiliin, 160 tons, 
 len lUirrough (or as 
 fur Ma-ter ; and the 
 
 hler : leave KatelilT 
 
 to 
 
 Then occurreil 
 IS by Clement 
 11 that Eden was 
 
 and cares, and 
 jc coloured clothe, 
 ing come neere to 
 
 the newcs thereof 
 llockt toLTCther, 
 fell, they lookl out 
 the tojipes of the 
 ml riioote oif their 
 ill that tiie tops of 
 r> gaue an Lcch-i, 
 .■ Ikic rang againe 
 
 the fliippe, and by 
 
 manner he coulde. 
 
 flnow[d]es, another 
 
 ppe ol the Ihiiipe. 
 
 n all refpects to the 
 rcfpect of whome 
 f his lickncfTe was 
 ure of thefe iliips, 
 
 death followed.' — 
 
 -pl 
 
 1 a general interest 
 think of the great 
 1 r.ngland. Some 
 
 foiiiiJ lands, which 
 to a rapid trans- 
 
 obial Co/iiw^ni/'hy. 
 
 « 
 
 /•'i 
 
 .-'i'-^ 
 
 June.* Thus appeared Richard Kden's first literaty work, 
 
 (see title at /. 3), printed by Edward Sutton. He 
 dedicates it to John Dudle;-, Duke of Northumber- 
 land, the then all-powerful rrotector. The Dedication is important 
 in relation to the ei.ntroverted bfe of Selastian Cabot. It is to be noticed 
 that in it Kden /'o.isls of having already read the /Xvudis. To this nmnih 
 and year is therefore also to be assigned the composition of his address 
 'To the Uea<lcr' at //. 7-11 ; in which he so manfully strives to uproot 
 the general ignorance and timidity of his time. 
 
 1553. July 6. ffl.ini's vfign romnuntcB. 
 
 1553. Aug. 12. The first English voy.ige to Guinea leaves Torts- 
 
 moulh, see /*. 375. 
 Aug. 20. The priming of the second edition of I.ojiez de 
 
 Gi'i.iiara's llisloria is (inished at Medina del Canipo. 
 Aug. 22. John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland (to whom, 
 
 l-'.den had dedicated, within less than three months before, 
 
 his first work), is beheaded at the Tower ; with Sir T. 
 
 Gates, and Sir T. Palmer. 
 
 1554. Summer,* Kicli:od Chancellor's ship, the £■</,%«;•(/ /?i'H(T.-i7;/'«;v, 
 
 reUuii. In p;ngland ; liut is nibbeil on the way home, by 
 Some l-'lemings. The crews of the other two s'\ins, 
 Spring.* under Sir Hugh Willoughby, !■) the number of siventy 
 persons, are frozen to death ; while wintering at .\r;dna fiord, for 'want 
 of experience to have m.ide caues or sloucs.' It appears frcnn a will 
 founil in one of the ships, that Sir Hugh Willoughby and most of his 
 company, were ali''e in January 1554' 
 
 1554. July 25. <,>ueen Mary is married to Philip, Prince of Spain, at 
 
 Wiiicliester. 'Shortly after King riiilip and (Jueene 
 
 Maiy reinooued from Winchester to P.asiiig, [and] from 
 
 Aug. 5. Ilieiiee to Windsor, where, on the fifth of August, the 
 
 King was stalled in the noble oriler of the garter, where he keiit a great 
 
 fe.ast, and at that lime ilie Earle of Sussex was made knight of the garter.' 
 
 — SIcni', /. 1057, I'a!. tfioo. 
 
 Aug. 17. 'The King and Queue lemonued to Richmond, from 
 thence by water to So'.ithwarke, aeeompauied with the 
 noble men and ladies, the King in one barge, the (Jueen 
 
 in another, and landed at the 
 
 sllOp 
 
 •'" Winchesters staiies neere to S. 
 
 Maries (tueries church, and so passed through that place and park into 
 Suflolke place, where they rested that night.' — St(r,i\ idt'vi. 
 
 Aug. 18. 'And the next day, being the 18 of August, they rode 
 
 through Southwarke ouer the liridge, and so through 
 
 London, where they were with great prouision received of 
 
 the citizens, iiageanis in places accustoineil, the crosse in Cheape new gilt, 
 
 \:c., aii<l pa-sirg through l\ii(ks churchyard, a man came sliding, as it were 
 
 llyingn]>iui ar'i|ie, from Paulessteepledowu to the deans wall.' — .SAT.', /'i/.-v«. 
 
 .\s Kden lells us. at /. 4(1, intoxicated by the shows, the triumphs, and 
 uni\ersal ac .-lainations that greeted the gorgeous royal processit)n th.r.mgii 
 the Cily, he w.as led first to debate within himself as to whether lie conld 
 by any original publication |x?rpetnate to future Ages, not so .11"' n the 
 glorious reception, as its worthiness aid significance : but thinking of 
 nothing sullicienlly worthy, he wa.s led to ci '-ider the Marvellous 
 <liscoveries, conipiests, and empire of liio Spanairds ; all of wh'ch Imde 
 fair to become (should the royal pair have issue) the joint heritage of 
 England, ilcnce his great C oiipil.nion is distinctly the resuit of the 
 Marriage l'rocessio,i of this day. 
 
 Within the following l«elve i- onilis (woiking incessantly, and for 
 nothing), Eden translated or wrote r,' that is ycpriiilcd Ir. this volume, 
 belHcen /■/. 43 ami 398. Inasmuch as the work was one of great bulk 
 (though, at the lime, of national imoiirtauce), several luinters combined 
 together for its risk of its publication ; while the printing of it was 
 wholly intrusted to William Powell. There are c ipies extant with the 
 C"lo|iho'is of Robert Toy, Richard Jiigge, Edward Sutton, and also, as 
 1' 'I states at /. 73S, William Seres, and perhai. 1 others. These arc 
 .. iiaiteners" to whom Eden refers at/. 330. —Sec 1542 above. 
 
 Leonliardiis (iorccius, a I'ob.h knight, wiilcs a eongratulalory Latin 
 Oration to the people and nobles of Eiiglaml on the royil marriage, which 
 was printed by William Powell, who was also, at the .s,iine lime, bus !y 
 engaged on Eden's Compikdion. Eden refers to this Oratrm at \ 47, 
 
 1554. Oct. 2. 'There came to the Tower in twentycarts m.adc for Ilia 
 show, accompanied with certain S|)aniards of the King's 
 Guard, ninety-seven little chests, of a yard long and four 
 inches bro.id, of silvei, which will make by estimation fifty thousand 
 pounde' [ec|uivalent to ^f 750,000 of the present day): Utirl. MS. I94 
 [which is a ' Pocket Diary of a resident in the Tower between July 1553 
 and Octolwr 1554 '] reprinted by the Camden Society under the title of 
 The Chroithlcof Qi(fenjtuif,\%yi. John Eoxe, in his AcliS mid Monumtnte!, 
 ei-^c, Ed. 1563, stales that the silver was 'matted about wilh mats, and 
 m.iyled in little handles, about two feet long and alinoll half a foot thick, and 
 in euery cart fixe of tliofe bundles.' I presume this is what Isdeii refers 
 to at /. 56, as the i8,ooo pounds ' weyglit of fyluer which was coyned 
 to the Kynges vfe in the towre of London where neuer fo much hath 
 byn feene at once as fuehe as h.iue byn owlde oflicers in the mynle doo 
 aflirme.' It was bronglit there from Peru and Rio de la Plata, by the 
 celebrated .Spanish historian Augustin de Zarale ; whose Historia dd 
 d.'uii/iiimii'iilo y coiujuisla del Van was published at Antwerp in the 
 next year. 
 
 It was probably after the formation of this aci|uainlanccsliip with Zarate, 
 and while his great Collection, here reprinted, (itself an honour to the 
 Spanish nation) was in the press; that by the favour of cerlain .Spanish 
 nobles, Eden obtained a place in the English Treasury of Ihe Prince of 
 .Spain. 
 
 1554. Oct, 11. The sccoml expedition to Guinea leaves the Ri\er 
 
 Thames, see /. 379. 
 
 Oct. 12. The third edition of (i(')mara's J/istoria is finished at 
 
 Saragossa. 
 
 1554. Nov. 28. The Council of State announce by letter, at Dr. Ched- 
 
 sey's s-rinon at Paul's Cross, that the <,>ueeii is eihci)ilt\ 
 
 1554. Nov. 11. \ Parliament sits at Westminster. 
 
 1555. Jan. 16. ) .XniiMig other Acts passed by it, was the following 
 short 01. c. r.i Av known as I v\: 2 Philip ami .Mary, 
 c. 6— entitled .hi .Icle for rcimeng of llinv Kjlatiil.s 
 made for the fititiflieiiuiit of I/ire/le.! : — " For tli[e]excluiing and 
 avoiding of I'.rrouiT, and Ilerefies which of late haue lyfeii groweii 
 and much encreafed within this Realine, for that lh[e]oidinaries 
 h.iue wanted auclhori'ee to piocede .agaynlle tlios that were iiifecteil 
 therwilhe : 111'. IT tlierfore o'deined and enacted by th[e]auctliorite 
 of this prefente Parliament, That the Statute made in the fiftlie yere of 
 the Reigne of King Ri.harde the Secoiule, concerning th|e];irrelUng and 
 a|.prehencion of ernmious and hereticall Preachers, .Vnd one other Statute 
 made in the fecoiv.le yere of the Reigne of King I leinye the l''(jurllie 
 concerning the repreffing of Ilerefies and punilliment of Heretikcs, .\m| 
 alfo one other I'.llalnte made in th( feconde yere of ihe Reigne of King 
 llenrye the lilllie, concerning the fupprelVion of llerelie and l.ollardye, 
 and euery .Article, Rrauehe and Sentence conlaineil in the fame three 
 feuerall .\ctes and every of them, HkiII from the xxdi day of lanuarye next 
 loniing [1555] be reviveil and be in full force llrengthe and ilfeele lo all 
 Inleiites c Hillruccions ami purpofes lor ever." — .Statutes if the Realm, 
 iv. 244, ed. 1S19. 
 
 1555. Jan. 1. The dale of John Elder's leller describing the mar- 
 
 riage of the Kingand <^>iieen in ihe pie\iousJuly ; which 
 leller was immediately printesl. 
 Jan. 20. The burning of Proteslants becomes lawful on and 
 
 after 1. is day, by ihe above .Vet of Parliamenl. 
 Fob. 4. John Rogers, the first of the .Marian martyrs, is burnt 
 
 at Smithlielil. 
 I''eb. 6. The .Moscovy Company is incorporated by Royal 
 Charter; having for its lixeculive ; Seb.isiian Cabot, 
 liovernor ; four Consuls ; and twenlyfour .Assistants. 
 I'.ilen must lia\e watched the pioeeediiigs of this Company with the deepest 
 interest. Indeed, it is probable that the enlire section, Of .Moseoi'ie and 
 Cathay (which has nothing whatever to ilo with the title-page or ■iriginal 
 plan of his Compilation ; at which he must have been wi>rking hard, aM 
 through this win'er) was suggested by the return of Richard (_ hancellor 
 and Ihe subscfU'.ent Incorporation of this Coirpany ; and put forth \>) him, 
 .■".s a ,;oodwili olTering towards their success and information. 
 1555. Fell. 8. Laurence Saunders is burnt at Coventry; and so the 
 legali/ed religious massacre goes on. 
 xxnix 
 
xl 
 
 The Lifr and Labours of Richard Eden. 
 
 1 
 
 ! 
 
 July.* 
 Aug.* 
 
 Sept.* 
 
 1556. Jan. 10 
 
 Nov. 7. 
 
 May 21. Is the htcst actual date in Eilcn's Comiiilalion, anil 
 tlicrc-fore in tlie tlnee AVorks licre repiintcil. It will 
 be found towarils the bottom of /. 3S2. On this day 
 the Knylish sliips, returning on their way home from 
 Cuinea, were in 39' 30' N. At their rate of progress 
 they could hardly have icachcd England before the end 
 of July. 
 
 'I'lierefore Section VII. of Eden's Compilation was 
 written and printed in August ; and, at the earliest, 
 his newly printed Compilation and .he printing of the 
 entire book couhl hardly have been finished before 
 .September. 
 
 hnmediately after which ; Thomas Watson, liishop of 
 
 Lincoln,— the fellow-student of Roger Ascham ; by 
 
 whom his Latin play of Absalom [? if the MS. is 
 
 now at Wilton ILnise] is exceedingly praised in his Sthoolmastcr, 1570 
 
 — accuses I'.den before Gardiner, liishop of Winchester, for heresy ; of 
 
 which his newly printed Compilation would afford ample evidence, 
 
 Oct. 24. liishop Gardiner, however, dies ; and Eden somehow 
 cscajies punishment, with simply the loss of his office : 
 and then seems, for the next three ye.iis to be living in 
 retirement ; his family steailily increasing all the while. 
 The printing of .Martin Cortes' Brcic compciidio ae la 
 sphera y dc la niic ile nai<i%'ar is finished at Seville. 
 
 Richard Chancellor, in the wreck of his ship the Philip 
 and Mary \\\ I'ettislego liay, Scotland, is drowned— while 
 cnde.ivouring in a boat to save the Russian Ambas- 
 sador's life ; i!i accomplishing which, he loses his own. 
 
 1557. Feb. 27 28. Eden probably witnessed the splendid reception 
 
 by the Moscovy Company, of Osep Gregorevitch 
 I^ape.a, the first Russian Ambassador, on his arrival 
 in London, for the piwh verbal of which, see llakluyt, Voya:^es, iS-r., 
 /. 321, l:d. 15S9. Eroni the omissiim in this notarial document of all 
 allu'-ion to Sebastian Cabot ; it is evident that he was but recently ile.id. 
 I'lir Kden's account of his death— the only one extant — see/, xlvii., col. 2. 
 It prob.ably occurred alxnit this dale : for when I'.den, about the Summer 
 of 1555, wrote the heading at/. 2S3, ' that woorthy owlde man Seballi.m 
 Cabole, yet liuyngc in Englande,' was still ' Gouernour of the coonipany 
 of the marchanlcs of Cathay.' 
 
 1558. Nov. 17. i:ii|abctf) stirrrrlis to tt)c tijionr. 
 
 We now come to the two earliest printed notices of Eilen. Ills reputa- 
 tion hail travelled over the Continent to the English I'rotestant exiles 
 in Switzerland j and two of them thus v.iguely and incorrectly refer to his 
 literary laliours, but give him the wrong Christian name. 
 
 1558. Lawrence Humphrey (who died Dean '■Winchester, 
 on I I'el). 1590), in his three books ol IiiUrpretalio 
 lii:j;iiar!im, the Dedication of which is dated, llasilia', 
 
 Feb. 3, I550> thus refers to our Editor-Author, .it/. 520. ' I'etnim ([uoque 
 Marlyrem Arglcrieu'-eni Joannes Eden, Cosmographus ct Alehumista uertit 
 Df iiisiilis niipcr iir.dil s.' 
 
 1558. l!p. lialc, at/. 1 10 of his Supplement (written in 1558), 
 to his Scrip/oriiim illmlriiim, C-i'. the printing of whicdi 
 was finished in Eeb. 1559' '^ " little more explicit ; but 
 
 still follows Humphrey closely. "Johannes Eden, Cosmographus et 
 alehumista ut fi (piibusdam [/.(•. L. Humphrey] narratur, ingeniosus ac 
 ptritissimus, inter alia scripsit De naiii^^alioiiihus rorliif^alemium, Lib. t. 
 [This is evidently Eden's first publicaticm, OJ the iinre /ttdia.] Transtulit 
 retrum Marlyrem .Vngleriensem. />e iiisulis niiper iniienlis. Lib. i. [or 
 ratl'.er the Decades]. Aliac|ue fecit multa. Clariut anno Domini, 1556." 
 
 1559. Sept, The priulingof theTliird editionof Geminus'WHuAwj', 
 
 £-•<■., ' enlarged, amplified, and fii corrected and diligently 
 
 perufed, that it maye seeme a newe worke, and rather ...1 
 
 other than it was before,' is finished. Richard Eden is, this time, the English 
 
 reviser ; and the fresh Hedicalion to the new (^lueeii is evidently written by 
 
 him for Geminus, as its smooth connected style abundantly demonstrates. 
 
 1561. Eden's next literary work seems to have been the 
 
 translalion (and probably also, in jjart, the devising of 
 
 the nunicruus, .ind, for that time, dilficult woodcuts of 
 
 xl 
 
 this work of Martin Cortes' ArU- de A'anisar, at the expense of certain 
 members of the Moscovy Company : towards w Inch, fjlen appears, at this 
 time, to have stood in the same relation as llakluyt did, fifty years later, to 
 our East India Company. This work is remarkable not only for the num- 
 ber of the wood engravings (some of them moveable) of <lifferent mathe- 
 matical instruments ; but also for a small outline map of T/ie Ntiiv IVorlde, 
 or more jiroperly of the North Atlantic basin. This is probably the 
 eirliest printed map of America ever produced in England : and is 
 evidently copied from the original in Cortes' Compendia. 
 
 To this transla. n, Eden prefixed the following excellent Preface : 
 in respect to which, it is significant to notice that Sebastian Cabot's name 
 is omitted from the inscription. 
 
 To the n':^ht worjltypfull fyr VVyllyam Garrcrd Knyght, and 
 Majlir Thomas Lodge, Aldermen of the Citie of London, and 
 Goiiernours oftht honorable feler.ojliyp or focietie, a f veil of certeine 
 of the Xobilitit, as of Marchaiintes aduenturers,for the difcouery 
 cf Landes, Territories, Ilandes, and Seignories I'nkmnoer ^nd not 
 he/ore their firjl aduentiire or tnterprift by Seas or Na.iigalions 
 eommonly frequented : 
 
 And to the right -avrjltyp/iill the Confitlles, Afiflentes, and com- 
 minaltie of the fame focietie, Kicharde Eden wyf/lietA health and 
 profpcritie. 
 
 Hat foeuer he was (ryght honorable and worfliypfull) that 
 fyrfte beleued that the frame and coapt.acion of the bo<lye 
 of man, with the functions, offices, and duities of the partes 
 anil members of the finne, knytte together in a eerti-n 
 vnitie to a common minillration, dyd reprefent i iyjel) 
 Image and fimilitude of a | erfecte common wealth : I thynke '' v he • 
 a man of no vulgare iudgement or abiecte mynde, but ra.he. i ' fiiguii 
 wyfdome and prudence in the contempl.acion of Diuine an ' luimau ■ 
 thynges. Eor he fawe, that as in the fmall natiue feede of all growynt; t 
 lyuing thini;es, is conteyned the fimrme that bryngelh them to theyr 
 perfection : fi) in certeyne fmall and obfcure members of the co.nmon 
 wealth, confil'eth no fmall incre.afe to the perfection of the .vhole. 
 lie fawe lykewyfe that herein, as in the bodye of man reprefentyng 
 the jiartes and members of the worlde (as I haue fayde) are dyuers partes 
 of dyuers ami fuiulrye actions and motions, greatly dyfTeryng in fourme, 
 number, and quantitie, yet all the fame to be fo knytte together, and fo 
 to confent in one vnifimnitie to the common profyte of the whole, 
 that a greater Concorde and hannonye can not be imagined, then is 
 proportioned by the ftendly vnitie of dyuers and eontrarye. He fawe lyke- 
 wyfe in the fame, fuch a inutuall compafi'ion of parte to parte, and member 
 to member, by one common fence exiftent in them all, that no one part or 
 member can feele eyther ioye or paync, but that ii. maner all the other 
 are parttakers therof more or leffe, yf they be lyuely members, and not 
 wythered or otherwyfe vnfenfale by reafon of dead fleOie, which onely 
 by cuttyng and burning ought to be deuyded from the fi)unde and 
 whole. Hut as in man (whom Plato calleth the leffe world) the 
 vigour and agilitie of the immortall foule .and mynde, neuer ceaffelh 
 from contlnuall mouyng, but i^ euer exercyfcd in excogitacions and inuen- 
 tions of great thinges (herein refeniblyng tjod, whofe caracle it Iwareth) 
 by prouidence foiefeing, and by intelligence vnderllandyng and dcuyfyng 
 what is to be done, aiul what to be cfchewetl, doth immediatly nioue anil 
 rayfe \\i the faculties, powres, and members of t'le body to execute the 
 fame : Euen fo in the greater worlde, the prouidence of God, and vniuerf- 
 all counfayle and confent of men, hath elected and appoynted cerlen prin- 
 cipall men, to bearc lyke rule and auctorilie in the bwlye of the common 
 wealth, as hath the intelieeliue foule in the members of our bodye to mouu 
 and commaunde the fame. To Princes therefore counfaylours, rulers, 
 gouernours and magillrates, as to the moft intellectiue and fenfitiue partes 
 of the focietie of men, hath God and nature geuen preeminence and gouern- 
 aunce of the conmion wealth, that by theyr prouidence, wyfdome, and ayde, 
 it may vniucrfally florydi, not 1 '.i^ly by iufte tidminiftration of good kwes, 
 with due correction of malef. 'ours, but alfo by lybcrall rewardyng of 
 fuche as haue well deferued ; and eTpecially by maintenauncc of fuche artcs 
 and fciences, as the common wealth can nut well be without. And to 
 draw nearer to the applyinge of my fimilitude : I faye, that whatfoeuer 
 vcrtue, whatfi)euer arte, or the ingenious iniluftry of men hath to this day 
 inucnted, all the fame is to be imputed to the beneuolence and libcralitie 
 
 % 
 % 
 
 \ 
 
The Lite and Labours op Richard Eden. 
 
 xli 
 
 expense of certain 
 len appears, at this 
 , fifty years later, to 
 )t only for the num- 
 of different mathe- 
 r The Nave ll'oi/,/e, 
 lis is probably the 
 
 England : and is 
 
 excellent Preface : 
 istlan Cabot's name 
 
 / Kiiy!;ht, ami 
 f London, and 
 fwell ofeerteine 
 yr the di/couery 
 no-iivi 'nd not 
 or Na.fisalions 
 
 Untes, and com- 
 luth health and 
 
 nd wordiypfull) that 
 ptacion of the bmlye 
 1 duilies of the p.irtcs 
 together in a ccrfn 
 d rcprefent i i;ael) 
 [ thynke I v hi; • 
 nit rr.,lie. i ' l"'iE"' ' 
 Diuine aiv '.wm.i.i 
 ;(le of all ip'owynt; < 
 i(;elh them to theyr 
 ibcrs of the co.nmon 
 ction i)f the -.vhole. 
 af man reprefeiityni; 
 le) are dyiiors partes 
 dylTeryiig in fourme, 
 yttc together, ami fo 
 ofyte of the whole, 
 magined, then is 
 irye. lie faHc lyke- 
 parte, and meml>er 
 tint no one part or 
 n'aner all the oilier 
 members, and not 
 fledie, which onely 
 )m the fouiide and 
 he loffe world) the 
 nde, nciier ceaffclh 
 ilacions and inuen- 
 caracte it beareth) 
 lyng and deuyfyng 
 mmediatly moue and 
 body to execute the 
 of Clod, and vniuei-r- 
 poynted cerlen prin- 
 xlye of the common 
 f our bodye to moue 
 counfaylours, rulers, 
 and fenfitiue partes 
 niinence and gouem- 
 wyfilome, and ayile, 
 ation of good lawes, 
 bcrall rewardyng of 
 naiince of fuche artcs 
 le without. And to 
 "aye, that whalfocuer 
 nen hath to this day 
 olcncc and liberalitie 
 
 
 of fuche as haue honourablye maintayned and freelyc rewar..- ' .1;. .' ,' 
 
 les, paynes, and charges of them that haue fpunte theyr lyues, goodcs, and 
 
 wytles (as many haue done) in the inuentiors of necelTarye and profylaljle 
 
 artcs and fciences. For euen .« holfome and temperate ayre with feafon- 
 
 abic wether and fauor^ble influence of the hcaucns and pianettes, cnufeth 
 
 fruitcfuhiesontliecarth,andcontiarywyfc, barenncffebytheconlrarye: Euen 
 
 fi! the fauour of I'rinces and Magillrates noi^dicth, augmenleth, and amp- 
 
 lyfyeth all artcs and fciences by lil)eralitic, and extynguydietli the fame 
 
 by miferaljle coueloufnos and parcimonie. And althouglie in fome men of 
 
 rare and nol)le nature, the dcfyre of honour and fame oncly for vertues 
 
 fake, and Audy toward theyr countrye and common wealth, hath nioucd 
 
 them in maner to theyr ownc vndoyng through theyr grcate loffe and 
 
 hyndcraunce, to felle foorth and imient Lliucrs thynges for the commoditie 
 
 of the common wealth and other, rather then for theyr owne : yet vndouiit- 
 
 ciUy, who fo wel confidereth and indidcrcntly wayeth that I haue fayde, 
 
 dial fynile and fee by daylye cxiierience, that in maner onely munificence, 
 
 libcralitie, and lewarde, or the hope thereof, gcueth fpurres to th.'in that 
 
 altcmpte great and Ncrluous cnterprifes, as I collide more largely proue by 
 
 fo many tcftiinonics of Ilyflories, both holy ami prophane, that the rehear- 
 
 fall Ihcrof (houldc be but tedious am! not greatelyc neccdarye for my 
 
 purpofe, efpccially wrytyng vnlo your honourcs and wordiyps, of whofe 
 
 munificence ami lilieralitie, I haue had great experience, bolhe in my felfe 
 
 nn<l others, who by your ayile and maintcynaimce haue attempted and per- 
 
 fourmed many goodly inuenlions, viages, nauigalions and difconeries of 
 
 landes and Seas heretofore vnknowen. Wlierein, what great charges you 
 
 haue fufleyned, and liowc lybcral! and conflant you haue ben in furlherynge 
 
 the fame, doth well declare that liylher to you arc rather lofers than gayncrs 
 
 thcrby. 'I'lie whic'.ic thyng doubtelede is tlic more to your commendation, 
 
 in that it maye licreljy appcarc tliat you haue attempted the fame rather 
 
 for knowledi^e and vertues fake, then fur co'ietoufnes of gaynes : as is 
 
 fiirthennoie well knowcn by your fyrde viages of difcouerye attempted to 
 
 C'athaye by the Northeafl fcas, vpon certen lofle and detriment, for vncer- 
 
 teyiie hope eyther of gayne , or of any fucli way to be founde, otherwyfe 
 
 tlicn by certen lykely conicctures : not miicli vnlyke to the diynyng dowres 
 
 <jf Marchafiles, which outwardly ajipcaryng in minerall niountaynes, arc 
 
 ligncs and token wherby is coniectured what metal is conteyncd therein, 
 
 and whether llie fame is to be fglowed or not. And although it fonielyme 
 
 f)cliaunce that fuch fignes are faylcable, dicwyng more in appe .raunce 
 
 then they coiiieyne in fiibHaunce : yet are not fuch fignes tokens, or dicwes 
 
 to be conteniiied, but rallier earnelllv to be folowed, forafmuch .as it hath 
 
 ben often jiroued and fouiicle liy experience, that by folowyng the fame, 
 
 haue ben founde great and riche myncs of metalles : as GiVKi^hts Aip'icola 
 
 in his bookes Dc lebiis mdalluis, doth largely declare and jiroue by manye 
 
 cxampl'.'s. lint to wrylc at large what greate thynges liaiie proceadcd of 
 
 fiiiall and olifcnie begyniiinges, and in maner mere conicctures : it woulde 
 
 fo farre exceade the nieafiire of an Epillle or I'leface, that it woulde rather 
 
 inoreafc to the iufl quantitie of a booke. For in mai.'.'r all llie late dif- 
 
 (■■jHC'iei both of the Spany.iides and I'ortugales, had theyr begynnyng of 
 
 Inch fi -all conicctures, with vncertcync hope (as it were prct,:!- fpcm fiih ffc) 
 
 S viityll '. xl and good happc, by the conftaiU trauajle and valiaunt niynde 
 
 o' fi :ii as tyrd attempted the fame, gane them to cnioye tliat tliey hopeil 
 
 .'■n- J ;t wliatfoeuer they h.aue obteyiied and do cnioy, this may 1 boldly 
 
 ..y m your lielialf (right honorable and wordiipfull) that there hath not 
 
 lac.' I in yc i ythcr the .j Ue or greater proniplnefle of mynile, forwardnes 
 
 1,1 w. 'n; ,>ng, m.agnificencc in cxpences, and liberall in rewardcs. Eor 
 
 bef.ile '.he great charges and lodes tin t you haue ben at otherwyfe, what 
 
 diould 1 fpeake of the great gyfles that you li.aue fente to the Emperour of 
 
 KulVia? What of your lal\ chargeable vyage of difcouerye among the 
 
 iimumerable Kockes, llaiulcs, and moucible monntaynes of lee in the 
 
 frotcn fe.i, by innumerable landes and Ilandes vnknowen to the Anti<iues, 
 
 lucn viuler ami fane within .and beyonde the circle Artike, where they 
 
 tluiuglu that no lynynge creature coulde drawe breath or liuc for exlrenie 
 
 loKlo ; wheras neucrthelcd'e the fame hath ben by you difconoied euen vnto 
 
 the myglilye ryuer of Ob, that fallelli into tlie .Scitliian Ocean, or (\;\iiiiis 
 
 llyf'irh'rais, not fair from the niountaynes called /fyfeilvni, fo iiameil 
 
 Iwcaufe they are dtuatc almoll vnder the North pole, and thought tlicrfore 
 
 to be inacoelTable. A vyage doiibllclTe of fuch dillicultic and in maner 
 
 . apofiibiliiie, that confyderyng the infinite daiingiours theruf (as I haue 
 
 leamcu ijy tli[c]information of Siciien a Ihirrough, that was then the ciiiefe 
 
 I'ilole of the fame vy.age) it may feme impodiblc toat they dioulde cucr 
 houc efcaped, excepte the myghtye hande of (!od, by the expcite Ikylful- 
 nede of fo excellent a I'ilot, had delyuercd them from thofe daungers. 
 And although in dede (as religion byndelh vs) it is conuenient in all 
 thynges to geue all honour, glorye and thanki.s to (lod, yet are wc not 
 thereby redr.iyned to be thankfull to fuch men, .as by theyr arte, ingeniouf- 
 nes, tiMuayle, and diligence, haue defcnie<l both, iulle commendation and 
 large rewarde. And iherfore refcrryng ilie rewarde to you (ryglit honorable 
 and wordiypfull, to whom it apperteynctli) yf I diould not here geue liyni 
 at the leafte fuche commendation, as in my iudgement he hath well ilefcrucd, 
 I myglit feme both to dcfraudc hyni of his worthye dcfertes, and alfo to 
 forgette the frendlhyp and good wyll I beare hym, onely for his vertues 
 and cxccllcncie in his profedion. Eor certeynly when I condder how 
 imiigent and deditule this Ue.alm is of excellent and expert I'iloltcs, I can 
 do no lede of confcience, then in rcfpcct of your owne commoditie, yea 
 r.ather for the commoditie of the Queenes Maicdie an'! liie whole Kealme, 
 to exhort you and put you in reniembraunce (;'!inough I in.iy herein feme 
 to put the fpurres to a nmnyng horfe, as faith the I'roue k) fo to regard 
 hym and edeme hym and his faytlifull, tnie, and painefi... feruice towanio 
 you, that he maye therel)y be further encouraged, and not difcouraged, 
 eyther for lacke of m.ainten.aunce, or other wyfe by the iniurious ad'auites 
 of fuch his enemies, .xs onely his vertues and excellencie h.aue moued to 
 beare hym difpleafure, as cnuyc doth euer folowe verliie, as faith the 
 Latinc I'rouerbe, ]"irtuti comes iniiidin. And howe true a feiitence this is, 
 is well verified by the faying of a cerlayne IMiilofojiher (whofe name 1 do 
 not remember) who hearynge one vaynely reioyce that he had no enemies, 
 aimfwered that that was a token he liadde done lyttle good : Mcanyng 
 thereby (as dayly exi)erience proueth) that yf he had excelled in any veitue, 
 he coulde not haue Lacked foine enemies. And hauyng here touched to 
 fpe.ake of enuye, I remember that when I was a yonge fcoler, I haue read 
 in the Poet Ilefiodus of two kyndes of enuye, whereof the one is calle<l 
 Iimidid, and the other Aiiniilatio, which is more tollerable then the fyrdo, 
 for th.it it is ioyned with fume veitue, and enuyctli that anye diouMe excell 
 hym in any excellent ([ualitie that he profelTcth. lUit forafmuch as this 
 enuy of emulation proce.ideth of fume finguler venue .>f them that are fo 
 maliced, they m.aye herein reioyce, that they diall euer haue a humlrelh 
 frendes for one encniic : yea and although they liadde none, yet is vcrliie 
 a rewarde to it felfe, and to be embiafcd for it felfe onelyc, as the I'liilo- 
 fophcrs adlrmc. What then fiiall we fay to fuch, as forgcityng this rowarde 
 of vertiie, do not onely [not] fauour, but rather hynder the preferment .and 
 mayntenauncc of fuch expertc men, more ellcmyng certayne I'yniermen 
 that go a Irawlyng for fydie in Catches or mongers, ami ilradgies for Oydcrs 
 .about the fandes, bctwenc the Simlh furlnndc and Wyiitcrton ncffe, and the 
 fancies about Temincs mouth, then they do fuche excellent ryli)tes as arc 
 alile without any Ruttcr or C'arde of Nauigation, not onlye to allcmpto 
 longe and farre viages, but alfo to difcouer vnknowen landes and Ilandes, 
 as haue doone of late ycaies many excellent men, to llie great honour and 
 enrychyng of their I'rynce and countrye. liiil .as touching Steuen A liur- 
 rough, the chiefe I'yiote of your vi.agics of difcouery, it may hereby well 
 appeare yat he is neyther malicious nor enuious of his arte and fcience, in 
 that he defircth ye fame for the coninum piofite to be cominen to al men : 
 And for the fame intent was the fyrll that inoueil cerlen wordiypfull of your 
 comp.iny, as Syr William tJarreid, Maider William .Mcricke, Maiderlllafe 
 Sanders, and Maider IMwarde Cadleii, to haue this wcuke Iranllated into 
 the I'.iiglidi tongue. Who of their own good nature fauourjng al vertuous 
 (Indies and the luofeflrours of the fame, did fone incline to his honed n:(|uert 
 herein ; and therewith not only dedred me, but alfo w itii liberall rc\\'arde 
 enterteined me, to take in hande the tiaiidaticjii. \\'liiche being nowe 
 finidied as well as my poorc learnyng may pcrfourme, I defyrc your honours 
 and wordiyppes, to acoepte in as good ]iarte as I haue ment herein to 
 gratifie you, and doe fuche feruice as my abilitie may fudke. Nowe Ihei- 
 fore this workc of the art of Nauigation, beyiig ]iublydi d in our vulgar 
 tongue, you may be ad'c.red to haue more ftore of (kylMil I'ilotes. I'iloles 
 (I faie) not I'iroltes, Kulers, not Rouers, but fuche as by their hoiicll 
 behauour and conditions i(jyncd with arte and experience, may doe you 
 honed and tnie feruice : wliiche is not to be looked for of fuche as bcynge 
 deditute as well of the feare of (lod as of all imual vertues, dipcrliounde in 
 all notorious vyccs, accounipling dcfperaliicn'e for boldiiede, raflinclie i.ir 
 hardineffe, impudcncie fur lloutiiene, and crueltie for uuiiiliod. What other 
 
 I 
 
;f 
 
 .n 
 
 xlii 
 
 Tiiu Lite and Labours of Richard liDKN, 
 
 r 
 
 tliyn.:; (I Hiyc) is to lice lonked for of fuci.". ilicn of fiicho trees fiich fniiles, 
 l\t mali ii'iiii nhiliiiii oiiiim. ]!ut for as miielic as t'lefe liaue no place 
 rippuinteil them in the Ixjitic of our conini')!! wealth, whiehc we liauc hero 
 before cumpareil to the members of the boilie of man : therefore are they 
 no otherwyfe to he ertemed then as cxcremenles of the iiodye, to whom 
 nature lialh apiioiiUeil no place in the fame, but la'ionroth conlinnallyo to 
 cafl them fortli ilyuers wayes, leade by Iheyr fikhynefle they IhouW infecte 
 the other members, eiien as the poinpe of the fliyppe if it be not auoydeil, 
 is noyou> to the iliippe and all that are therein, liut the wyfe and lioneft 
 I'ylot, fyrll hauynL; before hi-, eyes the feare of God, and puttynj; his chief 
 Irurt in hym, (liall fecondarely trull to his arte and fcicnce, without any 
 fuche vayne obferualions as the fuperflitious I lorofcopers (Aftrologiers I 
 I'lcnne, and nut Allronomer.s) are accuUomed to vfc in the elections of 
 houres, tymes, and dayes, by conflellations and afpeetes of the .Starres and 
 i'lanetes, as many fonde mennc haue doonc, thynliyngc thereby to haue 
 cfcaped fuche daungcrs, as they haue thereby the rather fallen into, throujjhe 
 contemptc of arte and fcience by folyflie confidence in fuperflitious Allro- 
 lo.Ljie : wliich for the vanilie and vncertaintie thereof, the ryght worlliyp- 
 full an<l of fmj^ular learnyni;e in all fciences, Syr Thomas Smyth, in my 
 lyme the Houre of the Vniuerlilie of Cambridi;e, and fometynic my Tutor, 
 was accnflnmed lo call /iigeiiii'jij/imiiin aitcm mLittundi. (That is) the mode 
 inL;enious arte of lyini;e. Oniittinf; ther'foro the fupeiditious and phanla- 
 (licall obferualions of the iudicials of Allrologic, it i'til.. better and more 
 neceflary for all I'yloles that defyre to excelle in thc_ ■ r ■'! i, ti lo learne 
 anil obferuc the jirinciples of ihys IkjoUc, whereby i o; ic fuche 
 
 knowledt;c of the Sphere, as may inllructe them the ma. d vfe of 
 
 dyucrs goodly Aflronomicall inllrumentes pertcyningc to tfj of Naui- 
 gation, by knowledge of the niouynges of the .Sunne and Moonc in their 
 Spheres, and the other I'lanetes and fixle Slarres : thereby to altayne to 
 the true knowledge of houres, tymes and tydes, with the varialicju of the 
 CoinpafTe, and many other goodly naturall obferuations of weathers, 
 temiieRes and calmes, by certain infailcable fygncs aiul tokens of the fame, 
 very nccellary to be obferucd. And this by the true ]irinciplcs of Allro- 
 nomie and not of Atlrologie. And this is the true Allrouomie wherof 
 the Diuine rhilofo|iher /'/.</<' hatlie wrylten fo diuine a fentence, that 
 I haue ihouglue the fame here worthy to be alleagcil, that by theaiictho- 
 ritio of fo fimous an aucthour, we mayo knowe what is true Aflronomie, 
 with the vfe and commodilie tlierof. Therforc in his booke intituleil 
 'liiiiais :■<•/ De Wttura, thefe are his wordes. Kiiiint tiiiLm optimariini 
 <i*^tutioiu'm^ nobis ociiU attttU-ntnt. Xam hicc ijjuc. i/c mttttJo difpitta)itur^ 
 tiiiii/iiiun iiiiiciilj fiiijlfoit, ft iii-i/iic fyJciit, iiu/iie Sol, luqiw Caliim fiiftici 
 foliiiffct. Co^iiilio rcro ilii'i ac iioilis, ii/i ociilis oit,i,fcdl r/ ilimciifumc ijiia.iciii. 
 mcnjiitm iiiiiiofiimi/nc iim/iliis mdircniiir, tciiif'iis (O^iiofa-icmiis, ac vniiicrj'io 
 italiiriC oijiiiiiii Jniitarcmur. Qiiihiis ex rcl'iis, /■/liloJo/'/iiiim iiilcfti fiimiis. 
 That is to faye. Our eyes haue brought vnto vs the knowleilge of mofle 
 excellent ihinges. For what fo euer is difputed of the worlde, had ncuer 
 bene inuenteil, yf neither the Starres, neither the Snmie, neither heauen, 
 eoulde haue bene feene. l''or the knowledge of the daye ,and nvght, 
 lakyng beginning at ye eyes, caufcd vs as it were by certen limites .and 
 boundes to nieafure the circuites t)f monethes and yeares, wherby we came 
 lo the knowleilge of tv. ,es and the order of vniuerfall nature. And hereby 
 alfo we obtcyned the knowledge of rhilof(jphie. &c. And thus by the 
 auelhorilie of Diuine I'lato (wlmme for hys excellcncie Cut-ro called Daim 
 I'hitofophoniiii (that i--) the God of rhiIofo])hers) we mayo vnderflande that 
 the true Artronomie, is the perfecle knowledge of the miraculous mouinges 
 of ye I'lanetes, Slarres, and heauens (and efpecially of the Sunne and 
 Abione^ whereby is eaufeil the varietie of times and ilyuerfitio of all natu- 
 rall thynges, by naturall caufos : as by the iiualities of ICIementcs, as hoate, 
 colde, moylle and drye, whycho are augmented or dymynylbed by the more 
 or leffe inlluence of tlicfe twoo Luminaries, as they conime nearer vnto vs 
 at fome tymes or depart further from vs at other tymes, w ith diners motions 
 in diuer> cliniaics whiche caufclh not onely varietie of tymes in fundry 
 climates, but alfo the varielie of diners com|ilexions, formes, and difpofi- 
 lions of all creatures vnder the face of heauen, none other aeciileiilall con- 
 lyngent, vohmlario or violent caufo to the contrarie notwilhflandinge. 
 Anil this is it that .''/.;/.' meanelh by ihofe wordes. / V tempiis cogiio/n-miius 
 rtc 7'iiiiiet/r niiliiru" orJiih-m, iS-v. 'i'hat is, to knowe the tymes and vniuer- 
 fall order of nature. And doubtlelTe, who fo well eonfiderelh the maruei- 
 lous effeclcs th.U arc caufcd, ef[iecially by the variable niouing of the Sunne 
 
 in the Zoiliac, mud needcs acknowledge it to be the chiefe inflrument and 
 meane that God vfeth in the generation, perfeniation, and alteration of all 
 creatures th.at are conteyned in the worlde of generation and corru] lion. 
 And for this confideration, certen of the auneient rhilofophcrs called it the 
 foule of the worlde ; Other the eye, and other alfo the heart of the worlde. 
 I'lalo alfo alTirmeth th.at the foule of the worlde is in the Sunne : And that 
 all otiier liuing thynges, recoyuc lyfe from hence. Ard hereof commelh 
 the fayinge of the I'hilofopher, Sol cl homo :;eiu'raiit homincm : (that is) the 
 Sunne and man, begette man. And therefore (as wryleth Monilhis 
 Juiinus) of .all Idohaters they are mod tollerablo that honour the Suinio for 
 (ioil. The whiche although it bee not, yet vndoubtcdiyo are his elfccles 
 fo grcate and wondcrfull in this inferiour worWe, that it may feme in manor 
 lo be Gods Vicercgent, I.icftenant and Viceroy in al the woorkes of n.atnrc, 
 execpte where and when it pleafelh hym in any thyng myraculoullye, 
 otherwyfe then by the common order and courfe of nature, to comniaunde 
 the contrarie. 
 
 And yf ;t may not be tedious vnto you (ryglit honorable and worlhypfull) 
 it flialbe a pleafure vnto me, for the better declar.acion hereof, to make a 
 bricfe difcourfe of the manieilous and draungo offectcs that are eanfed by 
 the Sunne : whiche porhappes fowe haue done, otherwyfe then ilifpearfedl) 
 here and there, as occalion hath ferued. Fyrll therforc let vs conlulcr wh; t 
 it hath done ouer the Kiiuinoctiall line, and viider both the jioles at one 
 indant, yet diucrfely and conlrarely the one to the other. F'or fo hath the 
 infmile wyfedome of the grcate God of nature, the fupreme Architecture ol 
 the vniuerfall worlde, difpofcd all thynges in fuch perkcte order, that in 
 them th,«i i... ■ .w. ...c lii|uinoctiall, and haue tlieyr Horizon palTyng by 
 the two Poles, the daye is of xii. houres and the nyght as much, and tlieyr 
 yeare alfo is deuydod into. xii. monethes : IJut they that dwell iud and 
 pcrpendiculerly vnder our pole, and that haue their Horizon iialTyng ouer 
 the fayde line, haue the daye of fyxe monethes. 'I'hat is to faye : begyn- 
 nyng from the tenth daye of Marche, when the Sunne commelh ouer the 
 fayde Horizon, whyle it relurne to jialTo vnder the fame .at the leiuh of 
 September. And conlrarywyfe one nyght of fyxe monethes haue tli[e] 
 inhabilauntes vnder the I'ole Antartyke ; whofe yeare (that is to faye, all 
 the courfe that the Sunne mrketh by the. xii. fignes of the Zodiac) is 
 accomplyfllied in one daye and one nyght. A thyng doubtleffe mode 
 wonderfull and marueylous. I.ykewyfe, when wo haue Somnier, they th.it 
 are vnder our I'ole haue the daye of fyxe monethes, and they of the 
 oppofite or contrary I'ole, h.ane theyr nyght of the fame length. Agayne, 
 when it is wynter with vs, then vnder our I'ole is the nyght of the fayde 
 fyxe monethes : and vnder the oppoliic I'ole, is the day of the fame length. 
 So that as it were courfe by courfe, when we li.aue the night, they haue 
 the day : And conlrarywyfe, when we haue the day, tluy haue the night. 
 The which although it be fo longe and of fo great fpace of Ij-me, yet is it 
 not eontiiniallye obfcured with darkenelTe. For the Sunne maketh his 
 courfe in fuch order, that th[e]inhabilauntes of that parte, lyue not ilurynge 
 that tyinc altogether in darkenelTos, as Moles lyue vnder the grounde, but 
 as other creatures that lyue vpon the globe and face of the earth, they haue 
 fuche lyght as maye fuffice to fudayne and mayiitayne theyr lyfe. For the 
 boilye of the Sunne declincth no more cyther beneath the Fi|uinocliall line, 
 cythcr aboue the fame line (which is the Horizon to both the I'oles) than. 
 23. degrees : That is to faye, no lower or hygher then the Tropikes, whiche 
 are no more then 23. degrees or there about from the fayde lOiiuinocliall 
 that is theyr Horizon, as is aforefayde. And yet in thefe 23. degrees he 
 maketh nut his courfe by the oppofite Diameter, but guetli cuntimially 
 rounde about in circuite : fo that his be.ames reuerberalyng he.aucn, n'pre- 
 fenle fuche a manor of lyght, as we haue in .Summer two houres before the 
 •Sunne ryfc. And this example which we haue taken of the diuerfitie of 
 the Horizons of the Iviuinoctiall and vnder the Iwo I'ulcs, is to demondrate 
 the marueylous enfcete th.at the Sunne maketh departyng ffrnni the. xii. 
 houres of the F.fiiiinocliall (that is to fay, from ' .les 10 Libra) and cominyng 
 by lyttle and lyttle, illuminatyng the globe of the earth, .and fo reduceyng the 
 ycre of xii. monethes, into one onely day and one nyght, .as is fayde lieforo. 
 Vnder the infinite varietie of the which courfe, fometyine with long daycs 
 .and fometyme with (liorte, all the inhabilauntes of the worlde arc founncd 
 and difpofed of fuche complexion and drength of body, Ihat eucryof lliem 
 are proportionate to the Climate affigncd vnlo them, be it hotte or ci.ldo : 
 And in.iy dwel and abyde there, as in theyr natuial place ami tenipcrainenl, 
 not lamentyng or dcfyryng to dwell elfwliere, fo grete a loue redolh in 
 
 
 i 
 
 
The Life and Labours of Richard Eden. 
 
 xliii 
 
 chiufe iiiflrument ai'.il 
 I, ami alteration of all 
 ation anil coiruilion. 
 lofoplicrs called it the 
 e heart of the worUle. 
 the Sunnc : And that 
 Ard hereof lommeth 
 omiiu'in : (that is) the 
 IS wryteth Mardlius 
 honour the Sunne for 
 >tcillye are his elTeeles 
 it may feme in nianer 
 he woorkes of nature, 
 thyng myraculounye, 
 nature, to connnaumle 
 
 ralile and worlliyiifull) 
 :ion hereof, to make a 
 :tcs that are caufed by 
 \\yfe then dif|icarfedl) 
 ire let vs eonfider \\\\.\ 
 l)oth the [loles at one 
 tiler. 1' or fo hath the 
 ipreme Architecture ol 
 lierfccte order, that to 
 r Horizon pafryng hy 
 ht as much, and theyr 
 :y that dwell lull and 
 Horizon iialTyuj; ouer 
 hat is to faye : bejjyn- 
 ime commeth ouer tho 
 fame at the tentli of 
 : monethes haue th[e] 
 re (that is to faye, all 
 ;nes of the Zodiac) is 
 lyng douhtlelTe molle 
 ,uie Somnier, they that 
 ihcs, and they of the 
 ame length. Agayne, 
 e nyght of the fayde 
 lay of the fame length, 
 the night, they haue 
 they haue the night, 
 lacc of tyme, yet is it 
 !ie Suuue makelh his 
 rte, lyue not durynge 
 nder the grounde, but 
 f the earth, they haue 
 theyr lyfe. I'or the 
 the Li|uinoctiall line, 
 both the I'oles) than, 
 the Tro;iikes, whiche 
 le I'ayde K(iuinoctiall 
 thefe 23. degrees he 
 ut goeth continually 
 ratyng heauen, n'pre- 
 \vo houres before llie 
 n of the diuerhtie of 
 cs, is to demonflrale 
 lartyng fTmni the. \ii. 
 Libra) and commyng 
 , and fo rtduceyng the 
 ;ht, as is fayde Iwfore. 
 yme with long ilayes 
 Horlde are touruied 
 ly, tli.at euery of them 
 be it liotte or ci.lde : 
 ice and tem|)cr;\mcnl, 
 etc a loue rcllelli in 
 
 them to their nat'.ie filuation. l!ut no' to departe from the vyage wliiche 
 the Sumie maketli in one whole yeare, as fometyme appro-hyng neare t'nio 
 v.s, and fometymc departyng from vs. I faye that at one felfe fame tyme 
 in dyuers paries vimn the romide globe of the earth, it caufeth the .Sjiryng, 
 Sounner, Aulumnc, and Wynter. And neuertheleffe at the fame inft.''nt 
 and punct of time it maketh day and high noone in one place, and nyght and 
 mydnyght on the oppofite part. The which varietie although it apjxare 
 incompreheuniile to the flendcrnelTe of our wyltes, yet beholdynge the fame 
 with the eyes of vnderdandyng, and therwith confideryng the vneflimable 
 niouyng that the Sunnc maketh continually, we (liall fynde it to be tnie, 
 liauyug refpecte to the dyuers htUiitions of the earth, a.s it is continuallye 
 ilhmiinate more or lelTe by the .Sunne. And this varietie is m.ide w itli fuch 
 a llarmiinye and coufonancie, and fuch a lawe pcrpetuall and immutable, 
 that yfany poynl or jiricke thcrof (lioulde fayle, it is to 1«: doubted lead the 
 elenicntes (liouW be confounded together, and rcturne to their fyrfl Chaos. 
 And to haue I'ayde thus muche of the wonderful! tlfectes of the courfe of 
 the .Sumie, it maye fuffice for an example to proue howe nccelTary a thyng 
 it is, not onlye for all Pilottes and .Sea men to haue the knowledge hereof, 
 but alfo for all other such as (liall attempt great and farre vi.igies in vnknowen 
 landes and flraunge countryes, as dyd of late mafter Jenkynfon a worlhye 
 gciukman, fette foorth by you and mainteyned at your charges, more lyke 
 an .\mbaflatuure fente from anye Trinee or Kmperour, then from a com- 
 panye of marchauut men. Wherein, what commendation you h.aue defer- 
 neil, to the encreafe of your perjietual fame .and honour, I refcrre it to that 
 I haue fayde before. And as touching mafler lenkynfon, what trauayles, 
 ]iayues, and daungers he hath fudeyned, and hardely efcaped, and what 
 diligence and arte he hath vfed in the fearching of flraunge countryes, and 
 in the dcfcription of thofe his vi.ages, it were but in vayne for me to wryte 
 much vnto you, vnto whom the fame is better knowen then to me. And 
 therfore to conclude, with rendring iuft commendations both vnto you 
 and him, I can fay no more, but as I'lato wryteth in his booke Dc I.txH' 
 J\;rns ,JI ivs ciiia lainlibiis oniaiy, i/iii corforis rd aiiimi -irilnis, res ardu, , 
 /•icrl,iio/i;ii,- i;i-fariiii/, d l,xi/ms /ih-iiUr faniaiiiit. That is to fay : It is 
 decent to commende thofe Ciiifens that by theyr induflry of bcKlye or 
 niyiiile, haue done greate affayres, and haue willingly olwyed gofxl lawes. 
 And thus eftfom^sdcfyryng your Honours and Worfliyppes to accept 
 in good parte wliatfoeuer 1 haue faide of good wyll and aflection 
 touarde you and your jiroceadynges, and with your filicide 
 of luHice and auctoritie, to defende me ag-iynOe the 
 alTaultes of fuch .is are enemies to vcrtue, and cap- 
 tious of otliermens doinges: I rede at yourcom- 
 niaundcment to the vtlennoll of my [lowrc, 
 to do you what feniice I maye. 
 
 1562. March 1. John Taisnier, Doctor of Laws [A at Ath, in I!r.abant], 
 a writer in .astrology and chiromancy, lublishes at 
 Cologne a tract, De natiira tiuv^iidis ct ejus ffcdi/nn. 
 
 Craesse, in his Tirsor, states that it is a gross plagiary from IVllegrine 
 
 lie .Maricoiirt's Vc Mii!;iid,; printed in August 1558. 
 
 1"'"-' <-'ivil Wars in !•" ranee begin by the unpremeditated 
 massacre of llugenots at Vassy by the Duke ofGuisc. 
 
 Eden's wife is apparently dead, aid he himself 
 residing in the house of a friend ; when the following 
 letter was written. It ■ manifestly .aildre-sed to Sir \\. 
 Cecil, who was brother-in-law to Sir John Cheke. Both 
 
 the writer and the Secretary of State were now about forty-two years of age. 
 
 Apparently liden was to receive ^£'20 [ = £1$° "<^f'J as an earnest penny 
 
 for a translation of I'liny into Knglish. 
 
 JIK only fearcher of mens hartes the clcmall Rod I t.akc to 
 wyincnTe (right Honorable) th.it neucr thcgrecfesofadueife 
 fortune (wherof I haue had my parte),dyil fo muche proftrate 
 my mynde and pearce my hartt with forowcs, as the viider- 
 Aondiiig of your honours fauoiir and ^oodneffe low ardc me in 
 your lately cruedlrav.iile in my behalfe(as I w.is infoniicil by the Mafterof 
 Savie) hathe reii lifed me and revived my Difeouragied fpirites, heretofore no 
 lell'c languyflhed for l.icke of fuche a I'.itrone, then nowe cneouragicil by the 
 f.uiiiiue of fuche a Macfiins, as I haue lull caufe to name your hononre, fyth 
 only the refpecte of fuche vertues .is it hathe pleafed ymi to thinke commend 
 able in me, hath moved your Honour not only in maner to feeme tarcfull for 
 
 1562. 
 13G2. 
 
 Aug. 1. 
 
 me howe I maye hereafter with quietnede fpende my tyme in fludie (as is my 
 mofl dcfire) but alfo to be more erned in folowing the fame, then I might 
 without prefumplion demannde, and muche Icffe withnnt defcrtcs deipiire. 
 As touchinge the which matter (right Honoralile) as it was no parte of my 
 diuife, but fuche .is the Mader of Savoy had then in hande as I fuppofe no 
 leffe to pleafure hym felfe .ind his frcnde then for xxh therof to be lotted 
 to me for an earned penye to begynne the booke (as he faith), Kven fo 
 am I right forie that for fo fmaule a matter, and not fo favorable a fute as 
 I wolde have wyfllied, not only your Honour hathe t.ikcn fuche p.iynes, 
 but that alfo fuche contention is ryfen therof betwcne the Mader of Sauoy 
 and Mader liaptid of the privie chamber, that by reafon therof the pardon 
 being deyed be your Honour, the youiige gentleman his kynfman (as he 
 hathe informed me) is in Daungiour of his lyfe. lint vuder your honours 
 fauour to fpeake playnelye as I thinke, I fuppofe that here .ilii/iiiil laid 
 (/noil lion ap/'iird. ITor .is this fule for dyuers confydcralions at the full 
 dyd not gre.itly like me, yet perce.iuing his ernedneffe therin for the fafe- 
 garde of his kinfmans life and gratifying his frendes, I no leffe willing 
 therin to do hym pleafure .ilfo, w.is well contented to affent to his reijued, 
 and to ftande to his .ippoynlment, not fuf]iecting his frendelhippe, but 
 rather commending his wyfdome, fo to doo for his frende .is therwith not 
 to forget hym felfe, i/iiia nihil fa['it (pii Jlhi nonftifil. liut if at that tyme, 
 I might fo boldclye haue prefunied vppon your honours fauour, as by your 
 ernedneffe in my behalfe I nowe perceaue I might haue <loonne, I wolde 
 haue moucd your Honour of an honeder fule (for a leafe to be h.id at the 
 ipieenes handes) wlierof I made hym jiriuie, and was loiige fenfe fo mynded 
 to haue doonne, but that he Deterred me fromc the fame, alleaging certen 
 commifllonars to h.iue the Doinges therof, and that therfore no fuche thing 
 might be h.id at her Maiedies handes: Albeit, I haue fythcns hard of 
 Dyvers that haue obteyncd the like. Nolwithdoniling (as in my former 
 letters I wrotte to your Honour) my meaning is, fo to move vour Honour 
 hereof, as neytlicr to be an importunate fuler; or othcrwyfe to thinke the 
 fame to be folowed, then (liall feeme good vnto your Honour, vnto whof[e] 
 will I fubmitte my felfe ii. all thinges: C)iily pulling your Honour in re- 
 memberaunce of the coniuiodioi; ;dace and tyme that I niiw e cnioye for th.it 
 purpofe : for the contyiiuauce wherof, 1 w.is a futer vnto your Honour for 
 your letters vnto the gentleman my frende in whofe house I yet remayne, 
 Who alfo being one th.it fauonretli learninge, and my greate frende, and no 
 lefle gkidde to further fo good a purpofe, is well willing the rather to my 
 vfe, todeparle froine a piece of his comnioditie, in fuche forte as a|ipcareth 
 by the byll herein inclofed. Wherof, further to aducrlyfe your Honour if 
 you diall fo thinke it convenient, he will hym felfe repayre vnio your Honour 
 to giue you perfecte inform.icon of all thinges as touciiing the'faine. 
 
 And wher.is the Mader of Sav.iye toide me that your Honour fiim- 
 what Doubted that the booke coulde not be Irannaled into the laiglyfihe 
 toonge, .1 alTure you Honour '.hat this I Dare faye without arrogaucie, that 
 to tranllate the variable hidorie of Tlinie into our toonge, I wolde be 
 afliamed to borowe fo muche of the Latine as he Dollie of iheOrvke, 
 althowgh the Latine toonge be accomptod ryclie, and the Lnglyflhe indigent 
 and barbarous, as it h.ithe byn in tyme pad, muche more then it nowe is, 
 before it was enriched and amplyficd by funuiy bookes in manner of all 
 artes tranflated owt of Latine .md other ioonges into Kiiglyfdie. .\nd it 
 is not viiknoHcn vnto y.nir Honour that the Latins receaving botlio the 
 fcicnce of philosophie and philike of the ( irekes. Do dill for the mod parte 
 in all tlier tranllacions vfe the Greke names, in fo muche that for the 
 better vnderdonilyng of them, one Otto lliiimfdiiiis, a learned man, hathe 
 writcn a large booke Inlitcled Ononuifli,ou inclidmc, where he hathe lliefo 
 woordcs. Kes i/'/iis, at,i\iciiititim -,-oial>nli,/,it,; a^/-oJite, tl,-ji:;m>t,r,/iit- ,-ffn-rf, 
 all/lie aiU'olyddi nxiili' I" (i/noil ainiit)e.\firimcrf, res ejl iion tniiins dij/idlis 
 (/nam f,-lorio/ii. Quo, nullum Jhulii !:cniis, iihJori conjiat molejlia. I J i/noil 
 in cuifa effc r,vr, quod hodic tarn faud in ta falejlra J\fc cxciieant dc. 
 Agen, it is not vnknowen vnto your Honour that ons .ill toongcs were 
 barbarous and needle, before the knowlcige of thinges browght in | lentie 
 of woordcs and names. Wlierby it maye well appearc that men in the 
 fird .ige of the worlde, had a diorte language, conlillinge of fewe woordes! 
 which euer after increafed by ti.c kuowlcage and inuenlion of thinges. 
 Kxercife .ilfo maketh fuche woordes familier, which .it the fnd were 
 Dilliculte to be viiderdode. ffor children at the fiiil (as faiihe .\ridotle) 
 c.iule all men falliers. Dut lliorlely after by excrcife, c.iule them by there 
 names. And 1 haue learncil by experience, that the inaryncii vfe luanve 
 
 xliti 
 
 i 
 
41 ■• II 
 
 mtmm 
 
 xliv 
 
 The Lii-e and Labours of Richard Eden. 
 
 I. 
 
 t' 
 
 Enylyfdic wnonles wliich wltc as vnUnowon vnto itic as the Chaldean 
 tooii,^c before I was cumicifant with llicm. It niaye therfore fuflice that 
 the woordes ami tcniius of artes and fciunces be Kiiowcn lo the imifeflfours 
 therof, as partely by experience, and partely by the helpe of dictionaries 
 defcribing them, /'.r pivprinm, f^ciiiis, ct diffcreiiliam, as the logitians 
 teache, and as 0\\"\i:is Axricolj vfetli to do in the Gcrmanye toonye : 
 which as well in that ]iarte of philofojihie as in all oilier, was barbarous 
 and hidigent before it was by longe e.xiieriencc browght to perfection, 
 liut nut to trouble your He, lour any longer with this matter, one thinge 
 reniaynetli whcrof I wolde gladlye liaue certified your Honour at my lad 
 being at the courtc at Grenewich, if I might haiic had conucnient accei.e 
 vnto you. And this is. That perccauingc your Honour to take pleafure 
 in the woiulerful woorkes of arte and nature (wlierin doubtlerte lliyneth the 
 fparke of the iliuine Spiritc that god h.athe gyuen you) I was then mynded 
 to h.i[ue] <lelyuered vnlo your Honour this |)hilofopliicall booke, whe[r]in 
 is defcribed (as api)earelh in folio, ii.) fo excellent and precious an experi- 
 ment, wrought by arte to the fimilitudc of the vniucrfall frame of the worldc 
 maile by the omnipotent and gre.ite (Jod of nature, that I beleue the like 
 w.TS neuer doonne fynfe the creacion of the worlde. And inaye therfore in 
 my iudgement, more woorthely be cauled Mkhtocofmcs, then eytlicr man 
 or any other creature tliat euer w.xs made of corporall fubftancc. Angdiis 
 I'cUtituiis ill his ei>illel!s, defcribeth an inftrument cauled Aiilomaton made 
 in his lyme in the eitie of I'llorencc, obfeniing the exacte niouing o{ Primitin 
 Mct'ile ami Oilaii.i S/>/ia-iv, with alfo the mouiiiges of the 7 planetes in there 
 fplures, in all poyntes agreable to there mouing in the heauen. Of the 
 like inrtmmenl ulfo, our Roger liaeon wrolte longe before in his booke /)<■ 
 Mival'ili polcjlatc artis ct iintiinr, wheie he writeth in this nianer. Mums 
 omnium fi^unilioitum d reruiii /ii;iiratiiitiin cjl vt Cichjlia ttr/<ril>crculur 
 fcciindiim Jmis U>ii;^iliidiiies li latiliK/ines in /i.;in\t (orforali, i/iia mcniiiliir 
 (orportilitcr nuUu diurno. lit huc vato'ct Ki-;^nHin uoniini fiipicnti etc. The 
 which indruinente doubllcne, althowgh it be of a diuine inuention : yet 
 (loilie this Michrccofmos fo far furmount it, as nature pafleth arte, anil as 
 Motm iinimulis paffcth Motm violcnliis, for as i •• other is inout:d only by 
 waight or wynde inclofed (as is feene in clockc-. and organs) fo is this 
 moucd by the fame Spirite of life wherby not only the heauen, but alfo all 
 nature is nioucd : whofe mover is god hym felfe .as faith S. I'aule : Ipftis 
 ellinijuoviiimus, tnoiiciiiiiy,ct/iimi:i. As alfo Ariflotle, Plato, and I'hilo, 
 in there bookes Dc MunJc, do allTirme. And efpecially Miircus Munilnis 
 in Ajlrnnouiicis ad Atigiijlnm Cicfiircni, writing thus : 
 
 IL'C opus immcnji coiijlnicttim corporc Mnndi, 
 
 A/cmi'rth/ue uatiif tC diiicr/a condita /oyniii^ 
 
 yl-'.ris titi^uc igtiis, Tl'rrtC, pc/tigi'/itc iticcntis^ 
 
 I 'is iininiiT diiiina rc^it : S<icm/iic nieatit 
 
 Confl'irat Dens, ct tacitii rotionc ;^nlicrnal, etc. 
 
 jl:re lihrtitum -■iicno, <jniftijlmcl oiiiein, Item I.iicanus 
 
 Totius pars ma^niis /onis. 
 And wheras the autoure that defcribeth this Miehrecofmcs affirmeth that 
 the Chaos therof, is Maleiia I.apidis I'Jiilofophorum (which is alfo Chaos, rel 
 Oniim, ze/ prima Materia Mnndi maioris) it feemeth to agre with that 
 Cornelius A,:;>i/'/<a liathe written in his feconde booke I)e Occulta philo- 
 fophia, in Scala I'nitatis, where he wryteth thus : Lapis philofophornm ejl 
 inurn fnl'tcitum et iiiflrnmentuni omnium lirtutum uaturaHum ct tranf- 
 naturalium etc. An<l that this grcate and diuine fccreate of this Mic/iro- 
 cofmos iiiayc not feenie incredible vnto your Honour, I alTure you that I 
 that am Minimus Vhilofo/'horum, dyd long fenfe (as I haue to wylnelTe Mr 
 Thoni.is Whalley, th[e]elder foonne of Mr Richard Whalley) woorke a 
 fccreate pr.-iclife funiwhal like vnto this, in nianer as foloweth. I dilTolued 
 two lubllanccs in two watei-s. Then I put the waters togyther in a glaffe, 
 fullering them fo to remayne for a tymc. Then I flillcd of[f] the water 
 fropie the maffe or Chaos Icfte of them bothe. And put it on ageyn. And fo 
 dyd dyuers tynies. In fine, the maffe being ditToIucd in the water, I let it 
 reft all night in a coulde place. In the morning, I founde fwymming on 
 the water and in the myddeft tlierof, a little rounde Hand as brode ,is [a] 
 ri.ill or fumwhat more, with at the lead a hundreth fyluer trees abowt an 
 ynche high, fo perfectly formed with trunkcs, (lalkes, and leaves, all of 
 mod pure and glydering fyluer, that I fuppofe no lymnc[r] or paynler is 
 able to conlerfecte the like. 'Iheii Ih.aking the glaffe, all fell in ]iieces into 
 the water, and fdle[dj it with glydering fjiarkes, as the fnni«ment (liyneth 
 w[;th] ftarrcs in a cicarc wynter nyglit. Then pulling the glade lo a foftc 
 xliv 
 
 fyre vppoii warme afdics, all turne<l agon into cicarc water, which agcn 
 being put in a coldc place all night, made an Ilaml with the like I ees as 
 before. What this wolde h.aue byn in fine, god knowelh, and not I. lint 
 of this I am furc, that if the floure of learning of our tymc and fumtymc 
 Tutor and brother in lawe vnlo your Honour Mr [j.c. Sir John] Cheekei 
 had feene any of thefe two fecrcates, he wolde greatly haue reioyfed: As I 
 knowe the diuine fparke of knowleagc that is in your Honour partcly rcceaved 
 of hym, will move you to doo the like, fythe to a iihilofophicall and vertuous 
 man, there is nothing fo delectable as to beholde the infinite poure and 
 wyfdomc of God in his creatures, in the which, his deilie is not only vifibic, 
 but in nianer palpable, as fum philofophcrs haue written. And as touching 
 thefe matters, I haue red a marueloii;; fentence in an olde written booke 
 where thefe woordes are written : Qui potejl facere Mediant naturam, poleji 
 crearc Mundos nouos. IJut to difcourfe of this oracle, or to inlerpretc the 
 fame, it were to muche i-> moled your Honour therewith : and an argument 
 muche ineeter for a feconde Socrates then for me. And of thefe fecrcates, 
 writeth Roger liaeon in his booke before alleagcd, where he hathe thefe 
 woordes : Multa funt archana admiranda in of^erihus artis et naturit: Qutc 
 licet multam vtilitalem non haheant (hahcnl vera ma.rim[am] vt fafientibus 
 coi^nilum ejl) lamcn fpcelaculum incffahile fapientiic prichent et poffunt 
 applicari ad prohationem omnium occultorum quihus vitlgus inexpertum 
 contradicil, et indieat fieri per opera IXcmoniorum, etc. 
 
 And thus mod humbly defyring your Honour to pardon myboldnede in 
 writing vnto you, and according vnto your accudoineil ciemencie to accept 
 in good parte this my prefuniptuous attemple which only the loue I beaie 
 to your vertues hath inoued nie vnto, my trud is that lliefe tliinges (liall 
 not be all togyther viipleafauiit vnto your Honour othcrwyfe occupied in 
 greate affayres bothe in the courte and common wealthe, as was Tlato with 
 King Dyouifius, Aridotle with greate Alexander, and Cicero Senator and 
 Conful of Rome. The eternall God and immortall mover of the greate 
 worlde and the leffe, prefenic your Honour in heallhe and profpcritie. 
 
 I'frome the fl'olde byfyde Kariiet. The fird of Augud. 15O2. 
 Mod bowndc to your Honour. 
 
 RiciiARDE Eden. 
 
 Ttta Donihtationi addiettts, alios tio/t <]tttrro />cvnates. 
 Sentcntia Ilippocratis. — In/ecrctis ct occultis,fecrctus ct occultus eflo. 
 Endorsed — I'rimo Aiigudi. 1562. Richard Eden. 
 
 Lands. MS. loi, art. 5. 
 The advancement v\-hich Eden sought, came almost immediately after he 
 wrote th's letter : but it is s,ad to know, that it ultim.ately ruined him both 
 in health anil fortune, and brought him to a premature gr.ave. 
 
 We must now introduce a celebr.atcd historical peison.igc, with whose 
 wanderings and tri.als Eden's life w.as for the next ten years iiidissolubly 
 identified ; and in the narr.ation of which, we shall be telling the story of 
 our Author's life during the period he was on the Continent. In doing 
 which, we thankfully acknowledge our obligations to the Vic dc Jean dc 
 Ferriircs, Vidame de Chartres, Seigneur dc Maligny, by a Member [Count 
 L. de l!ast.ard] of the Historical and Natural Science Society of the 
 Yonne. 170 copies only of which, were printed at Auxerre in 185S. 
 
 A VidamJ was originally the principal lay officer of a bishop. In 
 France, however, only five bishops had such an officer, viz., those of 
 Rheims, Amiens, Mans, Laon, and Chartres ; together with certain 
 Abbeys. In process of time, however, it became a mere hereditary title ; 
 dependent for its renown on the person who held it and the wealth where- 
 of he was possessed. 
 
 Jean i ^: EERRifr.K.s, disinherited by his father, Franjois de Ferriires, 
 in 1540; bc-..iiie Seigneur de Maligny in 1544 ; went to Rome in the 
 embassy of M. de Urfe in 1549 ; accompanied the then Vidame, Fran9ois 
 de Vendomc, to the relief of the Siege of Melz in 1553 ; and went to 
 I'iedmont in 1557. Francois de Vendonie having died on 22d Deeemlicr 
 1560; the Seigneur of Maligny then became Vidame of Chartres; .ind 
 thereby immensely rich, if he could have enjoyed his own in peace. Hut 
 not daring to administer lo his vast estate in person, for fear of attracting 
 the attention of his enemies lo it : his sister ISeraudc, by .?ecret agreement 
 with him, presented herself as the sole heir to Francois de Vendome. 
 
 On the breaking out of the Civil Wars, Conde sent the new Vidame 
 (whose riches gave him great influence among the rrolcstant parly) over to 
 England, with the Seigneur de Saint Aubin, to induce Elizabeth to join 
 
Thk 
 
 Life and Labours or Richard Eden. 
 
 xl\ 
 
 water, which agcn 
 ith llic like I ees as 
 :lh, and not I. Hut 
 r tymo and fumtymc 
 ., Sir John] Checkci 
 haue reioyfcd : As 1 
 lour partely roceavcd 
 iphicall and vcrtuous 
 e infinite poure and 
 ie is not only vifdjlc, 
 n. And as touching 
 n olde written booke 
 Jiiim iiiitiirain, poltjl 
 '., or to intcrprele the 
 ;li : and an argument 
 .nd of thefe fccrcates, 
 vlicre he hathe thefe 
 arth d iialiint: Qiur 
 'm[iim] ft /apkiitihus 
 c frichcnt et pojfunt 
 ! rii/^'iis inexperlum 
 
 irdim my boldnene in 
 il cieniencic to accept 
 only the loue I beare 
 lat thefe thiiiges fliall 
 jtherwyfe occupied in 
 llie, as was I'lato with 
 1 Cicero Senator and 
 mover of the greate 
 \lllie and profpcritie. 
 guW. 1562. 
 
 !den. 
 
 s rtflft i^iurro furrtatt-s^ 
 ills d occiittiis ejlo. 
 ird Kden. 
 
 ',t. MS. loi, art. 5. 
 immediately after he 
 ately ruined him both 
 ;re grave. 
 
 onngc, with whose 
 ten years indissolubly 
 telling the story of 
 Continent. In doing 
 the Vie dc Jean dc 
 ly a Member [Count 
 ence Society of the 
 .uxerre in 1858. 
 
 of a bishop. In 
 officer, viz., those of 
 igether with certain 
 mere hereditary title ; 
 ind the wealth where- 
 
 ic 
 
 b- 
 
 \ 
 
 ran9ois de Ferriircs, 
 vent to Kome in the 
 en Vidame, Fran9ois 
 '553 ; i"!'' went to 
 ied on 22d December 
 lie of Chartres ; and 
 own in peace. l!ut 
 for fear of attracting 
 by secret agreement 
 lis de Vendome. 
 ent the new Vidame 
 testant party) over to 
 ice Elizabeth to join 
 
 
 in so holy and just a quarrel. I'.eing joined by I.a Unyo, they finally 
 arrived in England about I5lh August 1562 ; and after n >y secret con- 
 ferences, the Treaty of Hampton Court was signed by them, on 20th Sep- 
 tember following. Co't. MS. Oil. E. v. f. 113, is a copy of this Treaty 
 bearing the signature of the Vidam;. 
 
 At this moment, Kden, who was an excellent linguist, entered the service 
 of the Vidame. Time pressed. 3000 men under Sir Adrian I'oynings, and 
 with them the Vidame and Eden, left Portsmouth on 2d October, and 
 wore in Havre on the 4th : the majority of them to be killed, or die of 
 the plague by the 29ih of July following, when Havre was surrendered to 
 the French. Such as survived brought with them to England, the plague 
 vhich they had there caught. 
 
 In the meantime, the Civil Wars had been stopped by the Edict of the 
 racification of Ambois on 19th March 1563. 
 
 All the goods of the Vidame were jironounced confiscated, under 
 pretence that he had brought the English into Havre. The French Court, 
 while in progress after the Pacification, reached Troyes on the 23d March 
 1564; when the Vidame [and Eden] joined on the 8th April the Prince de 
 Conde there, and received a simulated welcome from Charles I.X. and 
 Catherine de Medecis. Leaving the Court at Vitry on 27th April, he 
 rejoined Conde, at Paris ; where he appears to have chielly resided for 
 the next two or three years. 
 
 Eden states below, and at f. xlvii., that he had been in Germany, and, among 
 other places, at Str.asburg. He probably accompanied the A'i<lame there. 
 A fresh rising of the I'rolestants occurred on 27th September 1567, when 
 they nearly captured by a coiifi de main the entire French Court. Then 
 came the ISattle of St. Denis on loth November, and the Pacification of 
 I.ongjumeau on the 23d March 1 568. 
 
 The Vidame and his newly married wife (Fmncoisc Joubert, widow of 
 Ch. Chabol) and suite [including, it is presumed, Eden] arrived on the 
 Cornish coast, on 2Sih April 1569 ; and after some delay, were allowed to 
 come to London. 'I'hc Vidame was rcceiveil by the Queen, on l8th July, 
 at Greenwich. On the 23d September 1569, he was burnt in effigy, for 
 the second time within a year, on the J'/ace de Crete, at Paris, by an ariet 
 of the French Parliament. 
 
 In consequence of the Peace of St. Germain ; the Vidame, after about a 
 year's stay in England, returned in October 1570, by Dieppe, to Paris: 
 where some of his servants being attacked in the street, he retires .0 Houbige, 
 in Poitou. In Febniary 1572, he was at La Ferte, on private affairs. 
 
 Soon afterwards he returned to Paris ; where lie found all the chiefs of 
 the Huguenot party lulled into a belief of perfect safety, through their trust 
 in the King's word. He, however, did not trust the Court, and would not 
 reside in the city, but in the Faubourg of St. Germain. When questioned for 
 the reason of this; he replied 'that the air of the Faubourgs was better tli.an 
 that of the City, and that of the fields better than that of the Faubourgs.' 
 Maurevcrt, the assassin of the Count de Mouy, attempted the ass.issination 
 of Admir.al Coligny; but fails to kill him. Charles IX. had hardly left the 
 wounded Huguenot chief; when the Vidame called on him, and let loose 
 his indignation at the dastard cowardice of the act. 
 
 On the next d.ay, Saturday, 23d August, at a meeting of the Protestant 
 chiefs at Coligny's house, the Vidame urgetl that the Admiral should be 
 conveyed out of Paris ; and that the Protestants should quit the city : but 
 he was overruled. 
 
 That night, occurred the MASSACRE oi' St. Uarthoi.omew, com- 
 mencing on the right bank of the Seine. The Vidame, his brother-in-law 
 Jean dc la Fin, and ten others [including probably Eden], who were living 
 on the left bank of the river — warned by the firing — escaped for their lives, 
 riding first to La Fertc. Hearing, however, that the Duke de Guise had 
 sent the Sieurde St. Legerto tiike them : they hurriedly left the Chateau, 
 and— after some wandering up and down the country — managed to reach 
 the coast ; where they found a ship, which carrieil them safely to England. 
 The Vidame arrived in London on 7th September 1573. 
 1573, Sept. The Vidame, in a very flowery letter, solicits of the 
 
 Queen, that Richard Eilen, who had given him good 
 and faithful companionship for the sii.ace of ten years, 
 may he admittcil one of the poor knights of Windsor. He also refers to 
 his erudition, and the experience he had acquired in the secrets of Nature. 
 He further encloses the three following aiilo^af'hic memoranda; by the 
 side of which, wc have put nn English translation : — 
 
 .Si pl.iceat sua; Maieslaliconcedere 
 Ricliar<lo Eden proximam vocation- 
 em Milituin illcirum, (|ui Winsoii 
 Millies Oiatorij vocanlur, a Kege 
 Henrico 8 fundati. 
 
 If it may please Her M.njesty to 
 grant to Richard Eden the next 
 vacant place among the Knighls, 
 who are called the Kniglits of the 
 Oratory of Windsor, founded by 
 King Henry VIII. 
 
 It. 
 
 Richardus Eden n.atione Anglus, 
 ex honesta familia natus in agro 
 Herfordensi,ubi .adhucsororein habet 
 viventem, sux Maiestati bene cogni- 
 tam, nempe uxorem equestrisordinis 
 viri lohannis IJutleri de Lamer : A 
 pueritia educatus in bonis Uteris, 
 studuit in Achadeniia Cantabrigiensi 
 decem annis sub tutore doctissimo 
 viro, domino Thoma Smyth, nunc 
 Secretario suiv Maiestati, qui de eius 
 eruditione et morum integritatc satis 
 testari potest. 
 
 Delude a serenissimo Rege Hen- 
 rico Octavo ah achademia vocatus, 
 ipsius Regis mandato, in /Erario 
 oflicium oblinuit, ubi usque ad 
 mortem Regis, hoc est duobas annis, 
 permansit ; qui etiam moriens ilhus 
 non immemor assignavit illi donius 
 distillatorii oflicium, (^uod tamen 
 Rege mortuo Sumerseti Dux illi 
 concessit qui nunc fruitur, 
 
 Postca uxorem duxit, ex qua in 
 xiiij. annis xij. infantes geneiavit, ut 
 vel hac ratione videatur de patria 
 bene meritus. 
 
 Qui etiam tempore aliquot Rci- 
 publica; utiles libros ex sermone 
 Latino Italico Hispanico traduxit, 
 qui typis impress! extant, ut Decades 
 de Novo Orlic, liber iusti voluminus, 
 vizt. 600 foliorum ; ac deinde librum 
 de Arte Navigandi a Martino Cor- 
 tesio in lingua Hispanicaad Carolum 
 V. scriptum ; insujier ex Pyrotechnia 
 Italica multa de rebus metallicis, qu.x' 
 antea in nostra lingua extitere. 
 
 Tempore vero Maria; Regin;\; His- 
 panorumquorundamnobiliumfauore, 
 denuo in Regis I'hilippi ^ICrarium 
 electus : hereseos apud Wintoniense 
 Episcopum accusatus a Watsone Lin- 
 colinensi Episcopo, officio privatus 
 est. 
 
 Mortua vero uxore, illius fama ad 
 illustrissimi Domini Vidami aures 
 peivenit. Cum quo, quomodo his x. 
 annis et amplius .n Germania et 
 Gallia vixerit in utraque fortuna, nee 
 inercenarius nee desertor, et semper 
 illi charissimus, ipsemet Doniiiius 
 Vidamus pro sua humanitate, veri- 
 tate testimonium feret. A quo etiam 
 multis amplissimis muncrilius dona- 
 tus, si tamen non ditatus nulla pro- 
 fecto illustrissimi Domini incuria vel 
 
 Richard Eden, an Englishman, 
 born of a respectable family in Hen - 
 foidshire, — where he still has a sister 
 living, well known to Her M.ajesty, 
 being the wife of a knight, Tohn 
 liutler of Lanier, — was well educated 
 as a boy, studied at Cambridge for 
 ten years under that most learned 
 man. Sir Thomas Smyth, now Her 
 Majesty's Secretary [of Stale], who 
 can testify to his erudition and blame- 
 less character. 
 
 Afterward", being summoned from 
 the University by the most serene 
 King Henry VIIL, he neld, by his 
 oriler, an oflice in the Treasury, 
 where he remaincnl fiir two years 
 until the King's death; who, when 
 dying, did not forget him, but as- 
 signed to him the office of the distil- 
 lery. After the King's deati-, the 
 Dulce of Somerset granted the • fiicc 
 to the present holder. 
 
 Afterwards he married, an.i in 
 fourteen years begot twelve child- 
 ren, so th.at for this reason .also he 
 seems to deserve well of his country. 
 
 At this time he translated from the 
 Latin, Italian, and Spanish several 
 books useful to the Stale, which are 
 still in print, as DceaJei de A'itv Orbe, 
 a book of good size, viz. six hundred 
 folios ; x!en\3.\ioaVDe Arte Nazi .;andi, 
 written by Martin Cortes to Charles 
 V. in Sp.inish j and in addition niany 
 portions of Pyrotechnia Italiea con- 
 cerning metals ; which did not exist 
 before in our language. 
 
 In the time of Qir;cn Mary, he 
 was again placed in the Treasury 
 of King Phillip, through the favour 
 of certain .'•'p.anish nobles : but being 
 accused of heresy before [Gardiner] 
 the liishop of Winchester by Watson, 
 Dishop of Lincolo ; he was deprived 
 of his olTice. 
 
 After the death of his wife, his 
 repute came to the ears of the most 
 illustrious Lord the Vidame. How 
 he lived [with him] for ten years 
 and more in Germany and Prance, 
 with varying fortune, neither a mer- 
 cenary nor a deserter, and always 
 most dear to him ; the Lord Vidame 
 himself will kindly bear witness. 
 From whiim also he received many 
 laigi; gifts. And .assuredly it is not 
 through carelei.sne's or oblivion on 
 <lv 
 
^^^ 
 
 xlvi 
 
 Till' LiFi' AND Labours op Richard Eden. 
 
 .i 
 
 li 
 
 olilivio in cau-a fuit, scil sola vulu- llic part of Iiis illustrious l.nril, but 
 
 (inly m cunsciiuenceof clianycfuland 
 a Ivcr-c fiirtune ; that lie was nut 
 enriched. 
 
 Now afl'ccinl hy age ami bodily 
 inliruilly, he is obliged to make an 
 
 bills et nuueie.e fortuna culna. 
 
 Nunc vcro, scnio aHectus, et cor- 
 poris inlirmitate, cogitur peiegrinandi 
 
 fiiiem faceie ; nihil niagis habens in end of wandi ring ; desiring ncjtliing 
 
 votis (luam ut su.v Maiustalis gratia mure than, by Her Majesty's favour, 
 
 ct favore, possit tandem in patria to end his life in his own country, 
 
 lionestis stuiliis et Kei|iublie;e utili- in honourable studies, and useful to 
 
 busvitam finiie. Nulla vero magna- the Slate. lie h.as no .imbition 
 
 rumdivitiaruni.aulhoiiorisambilione for great riches or honour ; but only 
 
 flagians solani vitani iramiuillam et desires a ijuiet life, suitable for study, 
 sludiis coiuinodam exoptat. 
 
 Deusoptinuis inaxinnissuamC.T.l- M.ay God ever preserve Ilcr Ma- 
 
 situdinem semper seruet incolumcn, jcnly. 
 
 III. 
 
 Quandoquidemmaxiinaparshonii- .Since, indeed, the g:reater part of 
 
 num non est semper melior pars, sed mankind is not always the better 
 
 reperiunlur ciuaniplures Ardelioncs iiart, but m.any busybodiesarc found 
 
 quibus nihil est niagis gratum ciuam who have no greater pleasure than 
 
 ex (juauis leuis^ima occasione bonos in calumniating good men on the 
 
 viros calumniari. Ideo(|ue ut .agni a most trifling occasions ; therefore 
 
 luporuni faucibus in tuto vivant, ne- that lambs may live safe from the 
 cessumcritut leonisaninialiuin regis, 
 lioc est, Kegia autoritale tucantur. 
 
 Quis cnim nunc in Anglia potest 
 
 jaws of wolves, they must be pro' 
 tected by the lion, the king of beasts 
 — (hat is, i)ioiected by royal autho- 
 rity. 
 
 Who can at this present time, in 
 
 raracclsiadmiranda medicanu'ntaex England, comjiound the admirable 
 nictallis et niiner.alilius compoiiere medicaments of I'aracelsus from 
 (cju.ocum Alchimia.iliijuomodosyin- melals and minerals (which are sym- 
 boli^antur) nisi statim ab ignaris et bolized by an alchyinical methotl), 
 caluinniatoribus Alchimix' legibus without iinmtdialely incurring from 
 ]irohibit.e infamiam et pcriculum in- ignorant calumniators the infamy 
 currat. Cuiinalouljui.ando Triiicijiis and peril of pr.aclising alclimy, 
 diplomats; opus erit. Ncc dubito which is prohibited by the laws, 
 quin quum Urocaido multisque aliis To obvi.ate this evil, a royal license 
 peregrinisliberepermllliturexcrcere. is needed. Neither <lo I doubt that 
 Idem niihi aquiori iuditio Trincipis since it is permitted to Urocardus 
 autoritale coiicedatur. and many other foreigners freely to 
 
 practise [the art] ; that the same will, 
 with more justice, be granted to me 
 by the royal authority. — S/a/c Papers, 
 Dom. Eliz., Vol. 92, No. 32. 
 
 There were thirlecn poor knights of Windsor, whose annual allowance 
 was paid by the Dean of Windsor. It consisted of £iS : 5s. in money ; 
 a gown or coat of red cloth ; and a blue or purple cloth mantle with 
 the b.adge of St. Cieorge emlirnidered on the left sleeve. Eden's application 
 does not ajipcar to have been successful. — See Tighe and Uavis, Annals 
 v/ll'iti(lsiir,\. 223. Ed. 1S5S. 
 
 1573. Sir W, Winter is knighted this year. — See Sylvanus 
 Morgan's .S/^ivc(i/'6V«/0', Hook 3,/. 14, £J. 1661. 
 
 1574. 'Win- Eden writes the following dedication to SirW. Winter 
 terlide. of his translation of John Taisner's book Ve naliira 
 
 uia^iiclis, &^i:, which he designed as a complement 
 to a new edition of his previous translation of Martin Cortes' Arte <le 
 Navi!;iir. Though written at this time, it did not appear in print for four 
 or five years afterwards, in consequence of the successive deaths of Eden, 
 Richard Jugge the printer, and his son John Jugge. 
 
 The most iinpoilant allusion in it is the account of Sebastian Cabot's 
 death, the only one on record. 
 
 A very necclTarieand profit.able licoke conccrninge Nauigation, 
 compiled in Latin by loanitcs Taijiticnis, a |iulilike profeffor in 
 Komc, Kerraria, and other Vniucrlilies in Italic of the Mathema- 
 ticallcs, naiiic 1 a treatife Of continuall motions. Tranllated into 
 Eiiijliflic, by Rieharde Eden. 
 
 Imprinted at London by Rieharde Jugge. 
 xlii 
 
 To the ryjilit nvorjliif/iil! Syr Uyiliam liyn/.i; A'/y;'///, Maipr 
 of I hi OyJinauncc of the Queeius M,tiejli,s Sliip/;-s, ami Sin- 
 Ui-yor of the fiiyJ .Sliipfes, A'u/ianle Eden wyjltcth lieollh and 
 frost'critie. 
 
 ^W^T is nowc about twelue yceres pade (gi-nlle Maifler Wyntcr) 
 " fince the curtefie and fauour which long before I fouiide at 
 your hanile, niooued me no lelTe for the good wyll that I 
 haue euer borne you and your vertues, to excogitate or 
 deiiife fomethyng, within the compaffe of my jioore abilitic, 
 th.it myght be a witnelTe, and as it were afeale, to teftifie both that I liaue 
 not forgotten your gentleneflTe, and alfo how defyrous I am to pay the 
 debtes of frendefliyp which then I promifed you, and alfo attempted to 
 perlourme : But bcyng at that tyme preuented, by meanes of my fixKiync 
 dejiartyng out of Englande, with my good Lorde the I'ldaiiie, with whom I 
 rumayned for the fpace of ten yceres, vntyll the calamities of that miferable 
 countrey, with lolTe of goods, and danger of lyfe, hath dryuen me home 
 agayne into my natiue countrey : Where fyndyng my felfe at fome leyfure, 
 and defyrous to palTe foorth parte of my tynie in fome honed exercife, 
 which myght be profytable to many, doniagable to none, and a nieancs to 
 goat me newe freendes, the olde in my fo long abfence, in maner vtterly 
 wafted : I chaunced in tlie nieanc tyme, to meete with my olde acquayn- 
 tance and freend, Richard lugge. Printer to the Queenes Maieftie, who 
 had many yceres before, printed the liooke of Marten Curtes, of the Art of 
 Nauigation, by me tranflated out of Spanyflie tongue. Whereof, liauyng 
 with him fome conference, he declared that he woulile jirynt that booke 
 agayne, yf I woulde take the paynes to dtnife fome addition touchyng the 
 fame matter, that myght be ioyned thereto. At whiche tyme, hauyng with 
 me in thel.atine tongue, thele books here folowyng printeil, whiche I brought 
 with me out of Fraunce, I foone agreed to his lionefl requefl, to tranlldte 
 them into Englyflie : Whiche beyng accoinplyllied, this onely remayned, 
 accordyng to the common cuftome, to coiifecrate and dedicate the fame to 
 fome worthie perfonage, whofe fame, auc[t]horitie, and dignitic, myght 
 defcnde them from the euyll tongues of fuch as are more redie rather to 
 reproone other mens dooynges, then to doo any good them felues. And 
 therfore (gentle Mailler Wynter) knowing your aucthoritie and fame in 
 well deferuyng, and honorable feruice vnto your I'rince and Countrey, to 
 be fuche as all men thynkc fo well of, and fo greatlye eftecme, to whom 
 (rather then to you) may I dedicate this booke of Nauigation ? In con- 
 fyderation whereof, and the hope that I haue in your approoued curtefie, 
 fauourably to accept this dedication, as procee[d]yiig from one that defyreth 
 nothyng more then to doo you feruice, and remayne in your grace, I fliall 
 thynkc my trauayle wel beflowcd, and fufliciently recompenced, yf it (liall 
 pleafe you to accept the fame as thankfully, as I wyllyngly offer it vnto 
 you. 
 
 For yf there be any thyng in me, wherein I maye by good teafon 
 pleafe my felfe, it is clieefely this, that I haue euer loueil and honoured 
 men of finguler vertue or qualitie, in what fo euer laudable Art or Science, 
 euen of tliofe whereof I mee felfe haue litle knowledge, as are Geometric, 
 Aftronomie, Architecture, Muficke, I'ayntyng, feates of Amies, inuentions 
 of Ingens and fuche lyke : Of the whiche, this our age maye feeme not 
 onely to contende with the Auncientes, but alfo in many goodly inuentions 
 of Art and wyt, farre to exceede them. For (not to fpeakc ag.aynftall the 
 niarueylous inuentions of our tyme) what of theirs is to be comparea to the 
 Artes of Printyng, makyng of Gunnes, Fyre woorkes, of fiindry kyndcs of 
 artificial Fyres, of fuche manieylous force, that niountaynes of mofte harde 
 rockcs and ftones, are not able to refyft their violence, but are by them 
 broken in peeccs, and throwen into the ayre with fuche violence, that 
 neyther the fpirite of DeHioi;orgon, or the thunderboltes of infernal Pliilo 
 can doo the lyke. What llioulde I here fpeake of the woonderfuU inuen- 
 tions of Fartalio, in his booke De Arte maiori ? or of many other, whereof 
 I'annucius Jieringocius vixylei\\ in his booke, entituled, J'yrotee/inia. As 
 touchyng which terrible inuentions, and the lyke, although fume men be of 
 opinion that they were inuented by the inftigalion of the ileuyll, for the 
 deflruction of mankynde : yet oilier weyghyng the matter more indiflerently 
 thynke that the inuention of Gunnes hath ben the faiiyng of many mens 
 lyues, becaufe before the vfe of them, men were not woont fo long tyme lo 
 lye batteryng in the befiegyng of Towncs or ForlrelTes, but in (liort fpatc 
 to come to hande ftrokes, and to foughlen feeldes, to the great (laughter of 
 great multitudes. And feeyng that nowe our cnimics the Tmkcs, and 
 
TiiK Life and LAnouRS of Richard Edun. 
 
 xlvii 
 
 r/y;'///, Afaipr 
 ///ivt, ami Sid- 
 kdh hijUh and 
 
 ntic Malrtcr Wyntcr) 
 iig liL'fore I fouiule at 
 tlic };(Kxl wyll that I 
 les, lo excogitate or 
 of my poorc abilitii', 
 lifie both that I liaiic 
 lus I am to pay llic 
 lul alfo attempted to 
 leanes of my fi»layne 
 I 'ulamc, with whom I 
 lilies of that miferabic 
 nth (Iryuen me home 
 fulfe at fome leyfure, 
 fome honefl exercife, 
 lone, and a mcanes to 
 nee, in maner vtterly 
 ith my okle acquayn- 
 iiecnes Maicflie, who 
 'I Ciirtcs, of the Art of 
 le. Whereof, liauyng 
 hie prynt that booke 
 addition louchyng the 
 :he tyme, haiiyng with 
 nted, whiche I brought 
 A requefl, to tranHate 
 tliis onely remayncd, 
 ;1 dedicate tlie fame to 
 , and dignitie, myght 
 L" more redie rather to 
 od tliem felucs. And 
 icthoritic and fame in 
 nee and Countrey, to 
 lye efteeme, to whom 
 Nauigation ? In con- 
 ur approoucd curtefie, 
 from one that defyicth 
 in your grace, I lliall 
 conipenced, yf it (liall 
 yllyngly offer it vnlo 
 
 aaye by good reafon 
 
 r lulled and honoured 
 
 idable Art or Science, 
 
 ge, as are Geomeltie, 
 
 of Arines, inuentions 
 
 age mayc feeme not 
 
 any goodly inuentions 
 
 fpcake agaynflall the 
 
 to be comparea lo the 
 
 of fiiiidry kyndes of 
 
 ayncs of mofte harde 
 
 nee, but arc by them 
 
 fiiche violence, that 
 
 oltes of infernal /Vh/i) 
 
 he woonderfull inuen- 
 
 many otlicr, whereof 
 
 eil, I'yrokdmia. As 
 
 iout;h fome men be of 
 
 of the deuyll, for the 
 
 tier more indilTorenlly 
 
 fauyng of many mens 
 
 ivoont fo long tyme lo 
 
 es, but in (liort fpacc 
 
 the great flaughter of 
 
 lies tlic Tuikcs, and 
 
 other Infidels, liauc the vfc of thefe deuylylhc inuentions (;is they name 
 them) it may be thoiiyht requirite for vs, ai;,\ynrt fiitlie dcuylles lo vfc alfo 
 the lykc dciiylyllic inuentions, lull rcfufyng the fame, and gcuyn;,' place lo 
 cuyl, we flioulde wyllynfjly fulTcr the kynjj.lome of the deuyll to triumphe 
 oucr vs, not olhcrwyfe alili to refyrt, and much Icffe lo oucrcomc fo puiffant 
 and horrible enimics (exceiit befydc al h.jpe) myt;lit aryfe in our defence 
 fome newe Moyfes, or Klias, or the rriertes of lericho, whiche onely with 
 t:ie nnyfe and founile of Homes or Trumpettes ouerthiewe the walks of 
 t!ie iDwne. Neyllier wyl the example of Dauid and Goliath, or of Samfcm 
 and ihe I'liilirtiiu's, fcrue our lurne at this tyme, alllioui;h I beleeue that 
 Ihe arine of the Lnide is not weakened, yf there lacked not a Moyfes with 
 his roddc, and woorthie Atl.lentes, which myght hclpe to holde vp his 
 weerye arme. 
 
 I?ui lo relume to fpeake of ingens, and ingenious inuentions, whiche 
 inuenled and vfed lo the glorie of God, and defence of his people, 
 againl\ the furie and tyrannic of Infidelles, they may as woorlhyly be 
 called the gyfles of Goil, as were the inuentions and Art of them that 
 buylded eylher the Temple of Ilierufalem, or the Arke of God : And 
 ., yet is it there wrylten of thofo Artificers, that God gaue 
 
 liuulL-cl aii'j them the fpirite of knowledge and cunnyng in fuche Aries. 
 Alialiab. ^Ynd therefore 1 tliynke it may alfo be fayde without offence, 
 
 that the knowledge of --/;r/;//«(-./.'/, and other men in fuche comi..endablc 
 inuentions, are the gyftes of God, for as muclie as the gyfles of God are 
 flee, and not bounile lo any nation or pcrfon. 
 
 And yf it may be f;raunled that the f|iirites of men, or the fpirite of 
 God in men, may be iliuided (as was the fpirite of Moyfes to twelue other) 
 or ollierwyfe that the fpirites of dead men may reuiuc in other (after 
 the o|>iiiion and tranfaniination of lyi/nvyras) we may tliynkc that the 
 foule of Airhim,\ics \vas reuiued in lullToii, that excellent Geometer of 
 our tyme, whom I knewe in Fraunce the Maiflcr of the engins lo the 
 I'leiiche kyng, Charles the nienth, vnder whom that lamentable (laughter 
 at Paris was committed, in the whiche were flayne fo many noble men. 
 Whiche cniellic the fayde I>efs,>n abhorryng, lied hythei into Kngland, 
 and here dyed, in the yeere. 1573. and left in witnelTe of his cxcellencie 
 in that Art, a booke in prynt, conteynyng the fourmes or portractes of 
 fvMie engins of manicylous rtrange and profytabic deuice, for diuers 
 cominodious and neceffary vfes. Of the whiche, for as muche as 
 three of them, that is to mcane, the 54. 57. and 60. be engines cheefely 
 |iarteyiiing vnlo .Shyppes, it (liall not be from my purpofe here to make a 
 breefe rehearfa'i of them. 
 
 The. 54. therefori; (as he wryteth) is an engin not vnlyke vnto that 
 wliiche in auncient tyme Archimedes inuenled for the Syracu/iaiis, where- 
 «iih a man with the flrength of onely one hande, by helpe of the 
 iiilbument called Trifpajlon (which in our tongue fome cal an endlefie 
 Scnie>, brought a .Shyp of maracylous greatnePTe from the lande into 
 the fea, in the fyght of kynge Ilicron, and an infinite multitude, whiche 
 with .all their force coulde not doo the fame. &c. Of the which alfo, our 
 countrey man, Roger Bacon, a great I'liilofopher (and no Nicromancer, as 
 that ignorant age (laundered him) feemed lo haue had fome knowledge : 
 )'\ir in his booke of the marueylous power of Art and Nature, he maketii 
 
 ,, , . . mention of an Inflmment (as farre as I remember) no bygger 
 
 Oflhisinslru- ,, , , , . , , , 
 
 mini rc:iilu, tlie Ihen a mans hande, w herev/ith one man myght drawe to 
 iviiwhibc of !,..,„ ,|,e (Irenglh of three hundred men. And I well re- 
 Lcbbuii. 11, 
 
 member, that at my beyng in Fraunce, I hearde credible 
 
 reportc, that the Earle of RiViimdolfc, an Almaine, made an engin, where- 
 with the fayde kyng Charles when he was but. xvi. yeeres of age, lyfted 
 from the grounde a weyghl, whiche the (Irongcll man in the courte wa.s not 
 able to remoouc. Almofle the lyke deuice we vfc in the bcndyng of a 
 CrofTcbowe. Alfo at my being in Germanie in the cilie of Strofburge, a 
 woorlliy and learned Gentleman, Motifieiir de Saleno, tolde me that in that 
 cilie one had inuenled an engin of iron, no bygger then a mans hande, 
 whcrevnlo fadenyng a rope, with a hooke of iron, and caftyng the hooke 
 vpon a wal, tree, or other place, where it myght take holdc, he coulde with 
 that engin lyft hym felfc vp to the wal, or other place. But to relume to 
 the nilier two engines of lieffoii, parteynyng to our purpofe. Therefore 
 the. 60. fygnre (as he there wrytclh) is the inuenlion of an engin, fcarfely 
 credible, wherewith by ballance and eafie motion, beyond the order of 
 niluvc, a Shyp may be fo framed and gouerned, that in the calme fea it 
 Gi.ill niooue forcwarde, and in litle wynde haflcn the courfe, and in too much 
 
 wynde temper and moderate the fame : A thyng woorlh tl.e knowledge to 
 a kyng, as he fayelh. Of the ihynl engin, which is the. 57. fyguie of his 
 booke, he wrylelh thus. An Arlilice not yet diuulj;ale or fcl forth, whiche 
 placed in the pompe of a Shyp, whylhcr the water lialli recnurfe, .and 
 niooued by the motion of the Shyp, wilh whceles and weyglilcs, doolli 
 exactly fliewe what fp.ace the Shyp hath gone. &c. I'y whiche ilefcrip- 
 tion, fome doo vnderftand that the knowledge of the longitude myglil fo be 
 founde, a thyng doubllelTe greatly lo be defyieil, and livlherto not certaynely 
 knowen, although Scl'aflian Calvl on his death bed told me that he had the 
 knowledge thereof by diuiiie reuelalion, yet fo, that he myght not teaclie 
 any man. But I Ihiiike that the good olde man, in that extreme age, fume- 
 what doted, and h.ad not yet eucn in ihe article of death, vllcrly Ih.aken of 
 all worldlye vayne glorie. 
 
 As louchyng whiche knowledge of the longitude, to rehcarfe the faying 
 of that excellent learned man, Ii'Iuiuiies Feiiidiiis, in his incomparable 
 booke /A' abdilis renim eaiijis, where in the I'refaee lo King Ileiirie of 
 Fr.aunce, he writeth in this maner. We haue put our helpyng hande 
 to the Arte of Nauigation and Geographie : forby obferualion of the houres 
 of the Equinoclialles, we haue inuented liowe, in what fo eucr region or 
 place of the worlde a man (halbe, lie m.ry knowe in wh.at longitude it is : 
 which cert.aynly we haue not taken of the founl.iynes of the ancicnles, but 
 fyrfle, of all other (as I thynke) haue drawen it of our ryuers, as our owno 
 inuenlion. &c. So that (faith be) whiche way fo euer you lurne your eyes, 
 you m.ay fe that the pofterilie hath not ryotoully walled the inheriuinee of 
 Aries and sciences, left them by their jiredccelTors, but haue greatly en- 
 creafed the fame, and inuented other ; For eerlaynely, the multitude of 
 thingcs incomprehenfible, is infmilo, and fo iherfnre imKiitions mull 
 needes alfo be infinite, and without en le. And tlierefore, as louchyng this 
 thing (fayth he) to fpeake freely what 1 thynke, they feeme lo me to otVemlc 
 as muche, whiche contende that the auncienles haue inuented and compre- 
 hended al thynges, as doo they whiche attribute not vnlo them the fyrll 
 inuentions, fo depryuyng them of llieyr right poffeiTion. For whereas nowe by 
 the benefite of almighlie God (who hath geuen vs his ChrilU', and wilh hyin 
 all good thynges) the lyghl of liuelh fliynelh in our viidcrflandyng by godly 
 infpiration, there is no iufl c.aufe why we Ihoulde in fuche thynges lliinke vs 
 inferior lo the auncienles. Of which Argument, who lyftelh may reade iiioic 
 in the fayde Epillle of I'eriicliiis. 
 
 Anil for as much as I haue made mention of fuch inuentions, it flial not 
 be from the purpofe, to dcfcribe the goodly inflrument w lierof 
 Aiij^cliis rolkianus in the fourth booke of I'.pillles to Fran- ;„ iii,,ti„n.i(;t<.x- 
 ci/iis Ca/ii, wiylelh in this manner, I haue receyued your y"i;.*>i'li 'I"; 
 
 ■r. ./ii , ■ .- -,- , 111 niulinn of 
 
 Liiillle, wherein you fignine vnlo me, that you haue hearde i,i.auL'n. 
 of the flrange engine or inflrument Automaton inuented, and ■*""" P""'"' 
 made of l.ate by one Laurence a Florentine : in Ihe which is ' 
 
 cxpreffcd the courfe and motions of the rianettes, conform.ablc and 
 agreeyng with the motions of heauen : And that (for as muche as the 
 reporte thereof is hardly beleeued) you greatly defyre that I (hould wryle 
 vnto you, what certayne knowledge I haue of that thing, wherein 1 am 
 redie to obey your requed. And allhough nowe it be long fince I fawe 
 it, yet as farre as I beare in memorie, I wyll breefely declare ihe fourme, 
 rea-'on, and vfe thereof. And yf the <lefcriplion of it fli.al feeme vnlo 
 you li.mewhat obfcure, you (liall not afcrilie it altogcathcr to my declara- 
 tion, but partly to the fubtillie .and nouiltie of the thyng. It is in fourme 
 of a fqna.e I'yller, (liariie tuwarde the top, in maner of a J'ryamis, of 
 the height of almod three cubilcs : oucr and abone it, in maner of a 
 cotier, is a (lat or playne nnuide ]ilate of gylted copper, gnrnyflied 
 with fundry colours, on whofe other part is exprelTed the whole courfe of 
 ".he I'ianets, and wdiofe dimcniion or meafure is fomewhat fliorlor then a 
 ^.-ubite, and is within turned or nioued wilh certayne litle denticle wlieeles 
 an immouable circle comprelieiidyng the hyglied border or margent, and 
 diuided with t fpaces of xxiiii. homes within it, in the hyghefl lurnyng 
 mndel, the twelue lignes are difcemed by three degrees. Furlher, within are 
 feene eyght rundels, in maner all of one greatnelTe. Of thefe, two obteyne the 
 myddle poynt, the one fattened in the other, fo that the lowed beyng fome- 
 wdiat bygger, reprefenleth Ihe .Sunnc, and Ihe hyglier the Muone. From the 
 Sunne a beanie eommyng lo the circle, flieweth in it the houres: and in the 
 Zodiacke, the monelhes, dayes and number of degrees, and alfo the true 
 and halfe motion of the Sunne. From the Moone alfo procedeth a pynne, 
 or wyre, whiche beneathe or downwarde in the border or margent of the 
 
 .Vivii 
 
 ' 
 
'J. Il 
 
 xlviii 
 
 The Liff. and Labours of Richard Eden. 
 
 i 
 
 Rrcalcfl nindc!!, (licweili Uic lioiircs ; nml pAffing liy llic center of llie I'.pi- 
 ciclo (if llic Mdime, and cxlendynj; In llic ZodiacliL-, lliowelh llie lialfc 
 mution of his I'l.inet. Ancjtlicr alfu ryfyiij; from lliunce, ami tultyng the 
 border of the ecnler of the Atoone (tliat is of the Kpiciele) (lieweth lier trne 
 jilaco, wliereliy arc frcne the nownelTe. fwyftneffe, al motions and courfes, 
 coniunelions alfo, and ful Moones. About thefc are fyxc other nimlels; 
 of tlie whiclie, one, wliom they calle the head and tayle of the I)raj,'on, 
 fliewclh the I'x'lipfcs lioth of tlie Sunne and Moonc. The other arc atlri- 
 liuted to tlic IManels ; from euery of whiche, proeeedc two jjoyntes, affit^n- 
 ing the motions (as «e hnue fayd) of the Moonc : but they alfo goe back- 
 wardc, whiche thamicclh not in llie Moonc, whofe Eelypfe is mooued 
 contrarywyfe. And tluis the reafon of coniunctions, (lepartyngcs, and lati- 
 tudes, is manifcll in all. There is alfo an other border lyke vnto a Zodi- 
 acke, cutting or diuidyng vpwarde or aboue, thofe fyxc litle rundcls (whereof 
 we haue fi'okcn) being llic rundcls of the I'laneltes : whereby ai>pearelh 
 the degrees of the Kafl figncs, and the fpaccs of the dayes (that is to fay) 
 at what lioure the Sunne rifeth, by the whiche, euery of the I'lanettcs are 
 carric<l in their rnndels or circles by courfc, in the day tyme to the Eafl, 
 and in the nyght to the Wert. Agayne contrarywyfc, the grcateft rundcl 
 of al, drawctli with il al the ri.anetles, in the nyght to the liart, and in the 
 (lay to the Welt, in the fpacc of. 24. liourcs. Az wliich, to agree with the 
 motions of lic.auen, both reafon and experience doo confyrme. And thcr- 
 forc ought ye not to marueyle, yf tlicfc tliynges feemc incredible to many. 
 For (as fayth the wyfe I'roucrbe) fayth is llowlye geuen to great thynges, 
 for eiien we fcarfely bcleeiic our ownc eyes, when we fee fuclic thynges. 
 And therefore, whereas in tyme part I read, that fuclic a lykc inrtrument 
 was made by .hr/iiiiwi/cs, my faith yet fayled me togcuecredilcto fogrcat 
 an Auclhour, which lliyng neucrthclellc this our I'lorcntinc lialh perfourmed. 
 The worke doubtlelTc beyng of fuch excellence, that all prayfe is inferior to 
 it, and can not ihcifoic for llic woorthyncfre thereof be othcrwyfe praifed, 
 then to fay that it pal'fcth all piayfc. The Artificer him fclfe alfo being a 
 man of fuch inlcgrilie of maners, that Ihe funne is nothing inferior to the 
 excellcncie of his wyt: in fo much that he ni.ay feemc a man fcnt from 
 hcauen, where he learned the niakyng of this hcauen, by the example of the 
 other, llyilierto y'l'/Zi/i/'/wJ. Of the lyke inrtrument, Roger liacon alfo 
 maketh mention in his fayde booke, of the manicllous power of Art and 
 Nature, affyrniyiig the fame to be woortli a kynmlome to a wyfe man. 
 
 I'ut for as muchc as the fubicct whiche I h.aue nowe in hande, is chcefcly 
 touchyng inuentions parleiiiyng to Shyppes, and the Art of Nauigalion, I 
 ihynke good to fpcake fomewhat of the inucnlion of a certayne It.ilian 
 wryler, named Leonardo I'toyiittanli, \\ ho in his bookc, entitled 
 
 \\\\ 3. Ca. 18. 
 
 Speccliio lie J'licntia Tuiiierfute, doetli greatly glory in the in- 
 
 ucnlion of Shyppes, whiche can not peryllie cythcr on the fea, or the lande, 
 aflyrmyng that the lyke was neuer inuenlcd fincc the creation of the worUle. 
 Hut I fcarc me, Icrt vayne glorie of difcourfyng in the Italian tongue, hath 
 caufed him more then needes, to commende his ownc inucnlion, as for the 
 
 morte parte is the maner of the Italian writers. Thcifore 
 of ,1 Sim" ""' coinmitting the iudgemeiit hereof to men of greater expcri- 
 wliicli i;ui not cnce and knowledge in thefc thynges, I wyl onely tranllatc 
 
 his woordes, whereby in the booke before named, he 
 dercribelh the fayde Sliyppe in this maner. Take beames of Kyre, or 
 I'yiic tree, which of their ownc nature can neuer goe downe, or fynckc, or 
 abyde vndcr the water, and with thefc beames forme an engine {Hloehina, 
 yf I may fo call it) of the length of three fcore foolc, and of the breadth of 
 twcntie foote, and of the heyght of fyxc foote, laying the fyrfte ranke in 
 length, and the other trauerfe, or ouerthwarte, and the thyrile againc in 
 length, fartiionyng the fore parte lyke vnto other Shyppes, and in lykc 
 manner, bryngyng the pou])e or hynder parte to good forme: then wilh 
 fuch irons as appartcyne, byiulc it, and rtrcngthen it in fuche maner that it 
 can not breake. And vpon this frame or fundation buylde your Shypjie, 
 of fuche fadiion as you thynke bert. &c. It were here too long to rehcarfe 
 with what proude woordes and oftentation he magnifieth this inuention. 
 But whether this frame or engine llioulde be bylden vpon the keeic or 
 bottome of the Shyp, or othcrw yfe, I commit it to them of better iudge- 
 ment, as I haue fayde. 
 
 But wheras it may for this tyme fulTifc to haue wrytten thus muche 
 
 of thefc thynges, I wyll make an ende with onely a brecfe rchearfal of 
 
 the inuenticm and cncre.afc of the Art of Nauig.ition. After that the Art 
 
 of Nauigation was founde, euery man began to chalenge vnto liym the 
 
 xlviii 
 
 ihiminion of the fca, and there to dwcl and kcpe warre cucn as ui the land. 
 A/inos (as wrytetli Strabo) w.as the fyrll that ruled on the fca, whiche 
 neuerlhclefle, other afcribe lo jVe/fmiiis, who fyrrt founde the Art of Naui- 
 gation, and was therefore (as wrytcth /)i,;/i'riii) appoynted by Sii/ioiiiis to 
 be .\diniral of the fyrrte N'auie : and thereby the portcrilie afterwarde 
 afcribcd to him the goucrnaunce of the fea, and named him the (bul 
 thereof. After whom the Cielen/es euer were erteen-.cd mort expert in the 
 .\rt of Nauigation. But (as wrytcth Plinic) boates wei- fyrll inucntcil, 
 and with them was the fyrrte faylyng in the Ilandesof the redde fea, vndcr 
 kyng ICryl/iiii, as alfo witnefTcth Qiiiiililian, faying, If none had iirocccded 
 further then the inuentions of our prcdeceffors, we h.ad had nolliyng in the 
 I'octs aboue Aiiilroiiieiis, and nothing in hirtories aboue the Aiiiioles or 
 Cronicles of Byflhoppes, and hail yet haue faylctl in troughes or in boates. 
 Other haue afcribcd this inuention to diners other nations and perfons, .is 
 to the Troiansand Myfians in Hellej'potilo, ami alfo that the ancient Ilritanes 
 made boates of leather or hydes, and fayled with them in the Ocean fea. 
 I'linic wrytcth, that I)a)iaiis was the fyrrt that brought a Shyppc out of 
 (Irece into I'.gypt. Some alfo gene the fime to Miiieriia. But mort ryght- 
 fully, the inuention both of the Shyp, and Art of Nauigation, is afcribcd to 
 Noe, who (as wrytcth Eufelms) was longc before A'epliine or Daimiis. 
 Kordoubtlcrte (fayth he) the Arke of Noe was none other then a Shyp, and 
 the fyrrte and onely exemplar of the buyldyng of all other .Shyppes or 
 velTellcs of faylyng. Alfo the mofte ancient wryter ISeiv/iu the Clialdcan 
 (as wrytcth lo/e/^/iiis) calleth Ihe Arke of Xoe, a Shyp. The fame lofephiis 
 alfo fayth, that the Ne|>hues of Noe, departyng to inh.ibitc i iuers partes of 
 the worlde, vfed many Shyppes. &c. l-ong after Noe, the T:,iiuis were 
 counted mort expert in the Arte ol Nauig.alion : and after them, diuers 
 other nations. For whereas no Art is fo perfect, but may reccaue encreafc, 
 hereof doth it folowe, that this .Art alfo hath been greatly augmented, and 
 brought 10 further perfection by witty inuentions of the porteritie, eucn 
 vnto our .age : whereof, who fo lyrtcth to know further more iiarticulerly 
 who innentcd all other partes and iiirtrumenles parteyning to al fortes of 
 Shyppes, and Art of Nauigation, may read ye thyrdc booke of I'olidor 
 X'ligil, Cap. Jt'. J)e Iiiiieiilorili. A'ei: and Bayjim, tie re naiiali. 
 
 Thus gentle Mairtcr Wynter, befecchyng your woorrtiyp to Lake 
 
 in good part this tertimonie of my thankfuU hart (fuche .as it 
 
 ia) I befeeche the imnioitall (!od to profper all your doo- 
 
 iiigcs to his honor, and the benefite of your Countrey. 
 
 1576. The last work which it was permitted to Filcn to 
 
 undertake, was an English translation from a Latin 
 version of I.uilovico liarthema's Traiels in the Eajl in 
 
 1503, which was posthumously printed by R. Willes, the next year. 
 
 He w.is also endeavouring to collect the Reports of the Agents of the 
 
 MoscovyCompany, which form so important a part of Ilakluyt's Collection ; 
 
 when death exchanged his earthly life of troubles and labours, for, we can 
 
 but think, the blessed peace of heavenly rest. 
 
 I am indebtcil to my friend the late Mr. C. Bridger, Hon. Mem. of the 
 .Soc. of Ant. of Newcastle, for the following note : 
 
 1576. July 20. Letters of Administration were granted, in the Pre- 
 
 rogative Court of Canterbury, to the estate of Richard 
 
 Eden, of the parish of St Dunstan's in the East, (the same 
 
 parish in which Sir John I lawkins lived), in favour of Alban Eden, his s<m. 
 
 1577. Summer. R. Willis published a second and altered edition of 
 
 the Third Work here reprinted, under the title of The 
 History oj Trauayle in the West and East Indies, i^e. 
 1586. April. It would appear from T. A. D'Aubigne's ///VivVc ^/wi- 
 
 I'ersil/e, iii. book i. c. 3, /. 15, Ed. 1620, that the Vidame, 
 after many wanderings, was captured by one Captain 
 Carles; who (not crediting that a member of so gocxl a 
 family was unable to pay his ransom) suffered this distinguished Nobleman, 
 whom the King of Navarre had called his Uncle, and who was now about 
 sixty-six years ; to die like a dog, wliile bound to the magazine at the bottom 
 of the hold of his galley. A prisoner so placed woulil be situated immedi- 
 ately below the planking of the passage which extended between the two 
 rows of galley slaves from the prow to the stern of the galley : and there- 
 fore, when the galley was in motion, would ceaselessly sulTer from all the 
 noise of the sixty or eighty rowers ; from whom he would be separated, only 
 by the thickness of the planking above his head. 
 
 I 
 
ro cueti as m tlie lanil. 
 il un the fca, wliitlii; 
 iiincic tlie Alt of Navii- 
 i>yntc(l liy Siiliiyiiiis to 
 
 portciilie afterwarilo 
 named liiin the (iml 
 '.cd inufl expert in the 
 i wei fyill inuenleil, 
 cif the reiUle fea, vmlcr 
 If none had proceeded 
 ad had nothyng in the 
 i1)()ne tlie AiiiiaUs or 
 
 troiiylies or in lioates. 
 lations and perfuns, as 
 lat the ancient Ilritanes 
 icm in tlie Ocean fca. 
 iif;ht a Shyppe out of 
 •nut. ISut mo(liy(;ht- 
 Hi),'ation, is afcribe<l to 
 
 Xfplune or Daiiaiis. 
 other then a Shyp, ami 
 
 all other Shyppcs or 
 
 IScro/its the Chaldean 
 p. The fame lo/i-f<hHs 
 haliite I iuers partes of 
 
 oe, tliL T\ , iaiis were 
 iiid after them, diners 
 
 may receaue encreafe, 
 really augmented, anil 
 of the pofleritie, euen 
 llier more iiarticulerly 
 rteyning to al fortes of 
 rde Ijooke of PoliJur 
 
 re iiiiiii'Ji. 
 .voordiyp to take 
 art (fuehe as it 
 all your doo- 
 
 Countrcy. 
 
 lermitted to Eden to 
 islation from a Latin 
 Travels in the Enjl hi 
 lilies, the next year, 
 of the Afjents of the 
 f Ilakluyt's Collection ; 
 id laliours, for, we can 
 
 ;er, Hon. Mem. of the 
 
 ■e granted, in the Pre- 
 the estate of Kichaid 
 s in the Kast, (the same 
 f Allian Eden, his son. 
 and altered edition of 
 iiuler the title of The 
 •iiii East Iiiiiies, d"c. 
 \ul)igne's Hisloirc Uiii- 
 1620, that the Vidame, 
 tured by one Captain 
 1 member of so goiHl a 
 slinguished Nobleman, 
 lid who was now about 
 nagazine at the bottom 
 hi be situated imnicdi- 
 ;nded between the two 
 the galley : and there- 
 >sly sulTer from all the 
 ould be separated, only 
 
 Richard Eden's 
 
 Contributions to our Literature. 
 
 during the reigns of 
 
 Edward VI. and Mary. 
 
 
 '553-1555 A.D. 
 
md0tm M iiaiaha— Mfc, I .a^i mmiat 
 
 acH 
 
 It 
 
 
[The Second English book on America.] 
 
 C ST trratgfe of tfte nth^t India, 
 toitft 0tltrr iieto founlrr iJintrriS 
 
 torj^ttoarlrr, ass tfttg are ftnotoen 
 
 anlr fouirt i\\ tlirfr oitre irnur^, 
 
 after the Irrj^cripcion 0J ^t^^7i^^ 
 
 tian Mww^itx iw \\i^ 60lir of \x\\v 
 
 iterf all Cof inosrapliie : Uiltrriii i\\t 
 
 iriliurnt rtalrrr may set tfte floolr 
 
 s^ucceffr anlr retoarlrr of nolile 
 
 anlr Itonrj^tc enterprgfrs?, 
 
 6j> tiitr lultuit not oitla luorlH^ 
 
 Iff rffcftc^ art alitastTrTr, 
 
 ibut nlija <Satr tij fllat-s 
 
 <fi>tf, aitlf tftc Cftri= 
 
 ilttatT fa|)tlt (ITS 
 
 larflrtr. 
 
 rraitrilatetr out of Hatiit fnto ©iiflliiiftr. ISg 
 HffcItarTrt eiftii. 
 
 Prater spent sub spe. 
 
 i 
 
 •i 
 
«;'* .JS 
 
 ^i^^mmmm 
 
 I 
 
^ To THE RIGHT HYGHE AND MIGHTY PrINCE, 
 
 THE Duke of Northumberlande, 
 
 HYS GRACE. 
 
 Reade in aimcicnt writers (mofl noble prince) how 
 that mightie kyncf and conqiierour of the world, 
 Alexander the great, at fuch tyme as he beheld ye 
 toinbe of fearfe Achilles, and therewith called to his 
 rememuiaiince howe excellently the Poet Homere 
 had fet forth his heroical factes, which notwithftand- 
 inf^ he thoiifdite to be mucbe inferiour vnto his, he 
 fuelled and favde : Oh the mod fortunate, which hafle 
 founde fuche a trompe to magnin thi doinges, mean- 
 ing hereby, that the fame of Achilles was no leffe 
 notable to hys pofteritie by homers writing, then 
 it was in hys lyfe tyme by hys owne marcial 
 affayres. Wherby we maye perceue fuch magna- 
 nimitie to haue ben in our prediceffours, men of 
 no! )lc and flout courage, yat they thought it not fiifficiente in their life time to deferue prayfe 
 and honour, except the fame might alfo redounde to theyr pofteritie, yat they mighte therby 
 bee encouraged to do the like Whyche thing truely i;ath ben ye caufe, yat in al ages 
 noble enterprifes haue ben commended, and fuch as haue attempted ye fame, haue 
 bene honoured. Wheriore if honed commendacions be a iuft reward dew to noble 
 enterprifes, fo much do thty robbe and fpoyle from ye dignitie therof, which in any 
 poynt diminiflie the fame • no leffe confoundinge the order of thingcs, than he whiche 
 clotcth an ape in purple, and a king in fackecloth. This I fpeake ye rather, beecaufe 
 there chaunfed of late to come to my handes, a (liiete of printed paper, (more worthy fo to 
 bee called then a boke) entytuled of the newe founde landes. The whyche tytle when I 
 rcadde, as one not vtterlye igrnraunt hereof, hauynge before in my tyme readde Decades, 
 and alfo the nauigations de iioio orbc, there fee ncd too mc no leffe inequalitye betwene the 
 t)tle and the booke, tlien if a man woulde j^rofeffe to wrjtc of Kngk'.nde, and 
 entreated onclye of Trumpington a vyllagc wythin a mj'le of Camlirydge. Wherefore 
 pavtelye moued [by] the good affeccion, whyche I haue euer borne to the fcience of 
 C()fmogra[)hie, whyche entreately of the defcripcion of the worlde, whereof the newe 
 founde landes are no fuial jiart, and much more by ye goou w)ll, whj-ch of duetie I 
 bcare to my natyue countrey and countreymen, which haue of late to their great praife 
 (whatfoeuer fuccedc;) attempted with new viages to ferche ye feas and newe found 
 landes, I thought it worthy my trauayle, to their better comfort, (as one not othcrwife 
 able to further theyr enterprife) to tranflate this boke oute of lat';i into I'lnglKhe. 
 The which, albeit it do not fo largely or particulerlye enticate of euery part, region or 
 cnmmoditie of ye fayd new found laiules, as the worthines of tlu; thing might retjuyre : 
 yet fure I am that afwel they which fet forth or take vpon them this viage, as alfo 
 they whivjh flial hereafter attempt ye lyke, may in this fmal boke as in a little gian'e, 
 fee fo'.ne cleare light, not only how to Icarne by the example, dainmage, good '"ucceffe, 
 
 K.lc 
 
 E» 
 
Frf^^^ 
 
 I' l.imiP i 
 
 ■kariMananiito 
 
 mm 
 
 \pL\Hcation to tJic Ditkc of Noyt/iuinbcrlaiid.] 
 
 and acliicntures of other, how to l^cliaue thcin fchies and direct thcyr viacjc to their 
 mod commoditie, but alfo if dew fiicccffe herein flioulile not chauncc accordin;jf vnto 
 theyr hope and expectation (as oftentimes chanceth in threat affaires,) yet not for one 
 foyle or fal, fo to be difmayd as with fliame and dilhonor to leauc wyth loffe, but 
 rather to the death to perfift in a godlv; honeRe, and lawful purpofe, knowini^ that 
 whereas one death is dcwe to nature, the fame is more honourably fpent in fuch 
 attemptes as may be to the j^lorye of God and commoditie of our countrey, then in 
 foft beddes at home, among the teares an 1 wepini^ of women. Which manlye 
 courat^e (like vnto that which hath ben {can and proued in your grace, afwell in forene 
 realmes, as alfo in this oure countrey) yf it had not been wanting in other in thefe 
 our dayes, at fuche time as our fouereigne Lord of nobie memorie Kinge Henry the. 
 viij. about the fame yere of his raygne, furnilhed and fent forth ccrten fliippes vnder 
 the gouernaunce of Sebaflian Caljot yet liuing, and one fyr Thomas Perte, whofe 
 faynt heart was the caufe tliat that viage toke none effect, yf (I fay) fuch manly 
 courage whereof we haue fpoken, had not at that tyme bene wanting, it myghtc 
 happelye haue comen to paffe, that that riche treafurye called Pcnihina, (which is now 
 in Spaync in the citie of Ciuile, and fo named, for that in it is kepte the infinite ryches 
 brought thither from the newe found land of Peru.) myght longe fince haue bene in 
 the towre of London, to the kinges great honoure and welth of this his realme. 
 What riches the Hmperoure hath gotten oute of all the newe founde lamles, it 
 may wel appeare, wheras onlye in the Ilandes of Ili/paiia or Ilifpatiiola and Cuba 
 and other Ilar.des there aboute, were gathered in two monethes twelue thoufand 
 poundes wcyght of gold as youre grace mayc reade in this boke. in the defcripcion of 
 the Ilandes. Yet fpeake I here nothyiige of perles, precious flones, and fpices. 
 Neyther yet of the greate aboundaunce of golde, whiche is engendred almofl in al 
 regions neare vnto the ^Eqitinonial line. And whereas I am aduertifed yat youre 
 grace haue bene a greate fortherer of thys viage, (as you haue bene euer fludious for 
 the commoditie of your countrey,) I thought iny trauayl herein coulde no wayes be 
 more worthely beflowed, then to dedicate the fame vnto your grace : Mofl humbly 
 defiringe youre honoure fo to acceptc mine intcnte herein, as one whofe good will 
 hath not wanted to gratifie your grace with a better thing if mine abilitie were 
 greater. Thus Almighty God prcfcrue your grace in health and honour long to 
 continue. 
 
 •T Your graces poore o- 
 ratour Rychard Eden. 
 
irre to their 
 jrding vnto 
 not for one 
 li loffo, but 
 lowiiv^ that 
 cnt in fuch 
 ey, then in 
 lich manlye 
 ;11 in forcne 
 her in thcfe 
 
 Henry the. 
 ippes vnder 
 'erte, whofe 
 fucli manly 
 , it mj'ghtc 
 vliich is now 
 finite ryches 
 laue bene in 
 
 his real me. 
 e hmdes, it 
 'a and CuIhi 
 lie thoufand 
 lefcripcion of 
 and fpices. 
 
 ahnofl in al 
 
 d yat you re 
 fludious for 
 
 io Avayes be 
 ofl humbly 
 
 fe jTood will 
 )ilitie were 
 
 our long to 
 
 lorc o- 
 den. 
 
 € RvciiARDF Eden to the reader. 
 
 Ilercas in this Booke (wdbcloucd Reader) thou mayed 
 reade many llraunge thinges, and in maner incredible, except 
 tlie fame were proued moll certayn by dayly exi)erience, and 
 approucd auctoritie, (as (liall hereafter appcare) I thought it 
 good for th)- better inflruction to make this Preface, wherby 
 thou mightell more playnly and fenl'ibly comprehend the reafon? 
 and caufes, yf not of al, yet of fonie of the chiefell thinges, 
 «hich are conteyned in the fame. Therfore wheras thou llialt 
 reade of the great abundaunce of gold, precious flones and 
 fpices, which the Spaniardes and I'ortugales haue brought from 
 the South partes of the worlde, as from the newe founde landes 
 and Ilandes, the fodeyn llraungenes or greatnes of the thing 
 flial not fo much amafe thy wittes, and gender in thee 
 incrudelitie, yf thou confider the faying of wyfe Salomon, who 
 affyrmeth yat there is no new thing vnder the Sunne, and tliat 
 the tiling that hath been, cometh to jiafle again ; which faying 
 doeth greatly .:onfyrmc the trueth, of fuch thinges as are fpoken 
 of in this r.okc, wheras the fame peiliaiii)es to fome men might othenvyfe feme in maner incredil)le, 
 yf tile lyke had not been fene in tjine palle, and approucd by auctoritie of mode holy fcripture, which 
 declaring liie great wjldom, ryches, and noble vi.igcs of King Salomon, fayth that God gaue him wifdom 
 and vnderllaniling excelling muche, and a large heart, and that he prepared a nauie of (hijiiies, in the 
 porte of /Izion Gahr, by the brinke of the redde fea, which fayled to Opliir, and brought from thence, 
 xxi. fcore hundreth (which is. xlii..\I. [forty-two thousand]) weyght of golde. Ag.aync, that the wcjghte of 
 golde wliich was broughte to Salomon in one yere, was. vi. hundreth, tlire fcore and. vi. laleiites of gold, 
 wheras the Ilebrue taleiitc, called 'llihnic lldbrtiiiiim fitiuliiarii, was of our lleriing nionev 500. pounde, 
 and Takiit llubrahum iiit/i:,iir, was h.ilfe fu much I.ykewyfe yat filuer was nothing worth in the dayes of 
 Salomon, and yat he made filuer aiul gold in Hierufdeni as i)lentious as Hones .Agayn, that he ouerlayd 
 the houfe of the Lord with precious flones beautifully, and the gold wherwith he couered it, was golde of 
 J'anuuin. .\lfo that the kinoes nauie of nii|)|ies went once in thre yere to Thayjh\ and brought (jold, 
 Siluer, Apes, I'eacockes, and l!iepliantes teeth. Which wordes furely feme fo to confirine fuch thinges as are 
 f;)oken of in the nauigacioiis wherof this boke entreat' th, that nothinge can make more for the triuh of the 
 fane: and briefely to fi)eake of the jikux's whether Salomons lliippes fayled for Gold, as Thatjh mv\ Ophir. 
 'I'liis ought to be confydered for a general rule, that nearefl vnto the fouth partes of the world betwene the 
 two Tropikes vnder ye Juiuiiwclutl or burning lyne, where the funiie is of greatefl forfe, is the chiefefl [ilace 
 wiiere gold is engendred, although it be fometynies f(junde in colde regions as in Scotland, in Crayford 
 more, likewyfe in Hungary, yet nether pure of it felf, nor in great (|uantitie : the reafon whereof is largely 
 ikclared in the liookes of George .Agric, and .Mbertus Magnus. And wheras it is written in ye Boke of 
 Kinges in the Actes of Salomon that he prepared his fliippes in Azion Gtikr, beyng by the brinke of the 
 readde fea, anil fayled from tiielice to Ophir for Golde, it is apparaimt, that (howfoeuer the rjanies of thinges 
 haue altered and periflhed in tynie) he fayled from thence fouthwarde tow.irde the l'.i|uinoctial lyne, for 
 afuuiche as tiiere is none other paff.ige oute of the navownelTe of the readde fea, but onely into the ma\ne 
 South fea, by the wiiich the I'ortugales euen at this daye make thcyr viage to Caliad, Samolra, J/,i(/iiX(i/uir, 
 anil fuch other Ilandes in the South call partes of the worlde, where Golde, Spyces, .Apes, and Klephantes 
 are nowe foimde in lyke manner. I'.ut as fir 'J'/urr/is beyuge a cytye of C/Vhia in .\fia the lelTe and the 
 n.itiue counlreye of S. Patde the A|)oHle, and fituate muche more toward the Norih, then is ludea, and in 
 uKiner diri'cllye ouer againlle ludea 011 the otherfyde of the fe.i called Mare Mediteraneiun, and in the 
 lame i liuit in the which llandeih the llande of Sicilia, and the cytie of Ciuile in Sp.iyne, it hardelye agreeth 
 with the principles of I'hilofopliie anil common experience, that golde fliould be there engendred in lyke 
 alunil.iunce as in Regions more towarde the fouth, much lelVe I'.lephantes and .Apes, which are no where 
 e:igtnilred f.irre from the Auiuiiioilial lyne, or beyonile the two Tropikes, nor yet wil engeiulre yf they be 
 
 Nuthinc new 
 \micr in*; S.11H1& 
 
 3- K.-K. ij 
 
 3. Kc. 10. 
 
 I I'ar. > 
 Tfutn.'s. 
 
 li'.Mo .\.. 
 KUi-h-uii.- 
 
 S.lliillhUi* 
 
 sliil'I'cs. 
 Ophir. 
 
 Where 0..1,t \s 
 ciiHirndrcJ 
 Sc..tl.in,l. 
 Iliiiig.iryr 
 
 3- Heg. 9 
 
 ThnrKii ill 
 
 
 L'iiiuu. 
 
 
 ,Siii7/ft. 
 
 
 Ciuik- 111 '^\i. 
 
 yne. 
 
f/ w^-rrwy-t mm*^- 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 aB i umti " 
 
 tim 
 
 .mm'f^m 
 
 8 
 
 Spyccs. 
 
 I'cppcr. 
 Orai]i;c tree. 
 
 E tst Inula. 
 
 golLM.f 
 
 iiiarchaUEilcs. 
 
 The siiiitli :in i 
 s-iuthcJ^i. 
 
 M.u. 17. 
 3 Hct;. X 
 1. Par. 9 
 
 The (Ulriic nf 
 S-iiia, ih^' (iiicne 
 »if the fMJUth. 
 
 2 par. 9 
 
 3 Keg. X 
 
 .^il)a in Ethu^fui 
 \ mtcr Kj;ipt. 
 
 SaUi in Arabia. 
 
 1 rte qiicne nf 
 S lUa \:m\\k rrmn 
 the ll.uid uf 
 Mtr.ur. 
 
 From Ritnic tu 
 Eiig'-.uid. 
 
 The viagc nf our 
 
 men t.i ixtlliAy 
 
 N irw:iv. 1 "ipj-ia, 
 t uniiar<.lii.i. 
 
 Ti'iihes ind 
 mtppcN. 
 
 I'lo'oineus. 
 
 The Mnvyhtes of 
 
 MageihtHHS. 
 The ILuulcstif 
 
 I's-siue hy the 
 p. .nil sea into 
 tilt: Hast. 
 
 Viits i^cumftts. 
 ill: I, Citfit. I'i. 
 Note wel the 
 >i^-»i;»-* Ij) ye 
 
 North sc.u 
 
 AllUMVtUS 
 
 lh[e]ciiHH:rour 
 Citi//'rta. 
 
 The warren of ye 
 
 \Epistlc to the Rcadcr.l 
 
 l)roiii;lii:L' into thufc partes of the world. The lyke is to l)e vnilerflande of Topingiuyes and fpyces, and 
 dyiiers other beades, fruites, and trees, whicn are engemlered in certayne climes of the worlde, and 
 wyll ncjt ])rofpere in other places : the reafon wherof were here to longe [to] declare. For lyke as pepper 
 wyll not growe in Si)ayne, no more wyll the Orange tree bringe foorth friiite in Englande. Wherefore, it 
 m.iy feme by good reafon, that the Golde, Apes, and Klcphantes teeth which were broughte from Tharfts (yf it 
 wore Thaifisoi Cilicia) were not engendered there, but rather brought thelher by merchauntes from the foiith partes 
 of the world, out of Mauritania, Marmarica, Ethiopia, Libia, and Arabia, or otherwife by lande, from the Fjft. 
 India, lyke as at this daye, the greate multitude of Spyces, Golile, Precious flones, Sylke, and luerye, whyche is at 
 Calicut and Cambaia, growe iiotal in the regions there about, but are brought thelher from ilyuers other countrcys, 
 as doelh more largely apjieare in this lioke. And that Salomons factours for exchaunge of other nuircnaundyfe, 
 bought the fame in T/iarJls, beyng brought ihether from other countreyes, as it is written in the thyrde Hoke 
 of the Kinges, that Salomon had great plentie of Gold of Marchauntes and A|)othecaries. So that to 
 conclude, I would rather thinke (fauing reformacion of other better learned) that this Tharfis (and not 
 'J'lhirjh of Ci/iiia,) from whence Salomon had fo great plentie of Ciold and lucrie, were rather fome other 
 count roy in the foulh jiartcs of the workl, then this Tlhirfis of Cilicia. For, not onely olde and newe 
 Uillories, dayly experience, and the principles of natural rhilofo|ihic doe agree, yat the places moft apte to 
 bring forth gold, fpices, and precious flones, are the South and Southeafl partes of the world, but alfo our 
 Sauiour Chrifl ai)proueth the fame, declaring that the (Juene of the South (meaning the Queue of Saba) 
 came from the vlmolle jiartes of the worlde to heare the wyfdom of Salomon. And lyke as by the auctoritie 
 of thefe woordes it is plaync from what [lartes of the world file came, the f.nne to a |)hilofoiihical head is 
 a])parent by fuche ryches and jirefentes as flie broughte with her. For albeit that in the Chronacles of 
 Salomon it is not written by exprelTed wordes that flie came from the Southe, yet is it wrytten that flie came 
 to HieruCalem with a very great trayne, with camels laden with fpyces, fwete odours, and exceading much 
 giilil and ]>re('ious Hones, wliicli defcrii)cion doeth well agree, both with the fuuation of the cvtie of Saba in 
 ys'////,y*/(j vnder l".gipt : and alfo witii the coiuitrey of Saba, being in the middel of Arabia, inuironned about 
 with great rockes wherein is a great wood of Precious trees, fome of Cincjmome and Caffia, and fome bring- 
 ing forth frankencenfe antl myrre, as writeth Pliiiius lib. 12. and Tluvphrajliis li. 9. tk Ilijl. IVditt. \\'hcrefore 
 the (^uene of Saba nivghte worthely be called the ijuene of the South, forafinuch as bothe Saba (or rather 
 Sabat) in I'Jhiopia, wliiche lofeplnis thiiiketh to be the Hand of J/tW/', now called ICi/\i!',i, beinge in the r)-uer 
 o{ Xilns, and that llie (luene c.une from thence, and alfo Saba in Arabia, are fituate farre Soutliwarde from 
 Hierufalem, euen in nianer in the niicMell of the lyne, called Tropicus Civicri, and the Jujiti//ol7itil \ync, where 
 the Pole Artike is eleuate not paffnig. 13. degrees or thereabout (as in Afc/Vcc) where as the fame ])(ile is eleuatc 
 at Hierufik-m. 32. degrees: whereby it m ly appeare yat the quene of Saba (whom Clirille callctli the (juene 
 of ye foulh,) came from the foulh [laries about, xi. hundreth and. xl. miles frnm Ilieruf.dem for the fame 
 ilillaunce is from Saba in Mcivc to Hierufalem, as betwene R'.me and England. ISut as touching this 
 matter, it fliall fuffyfe to haue fayde thus muche. Xowe therefore to returnc home from thefe farre countreys, 
 and to fpeake fomewhat of this viage which oure countreynienne, haue attempted to fayle into the I'.alle 
 partes, by the coalles of Norway, l.appia, and Finniarcliia, antl fo by the narrowe trade of die Sea by the 
 coafles of Grouelande, into the frofen fea, called Marc Coiii^clai'iim, and fo forth to Cathay (yf any fuche 
 ])afiage may be found) whiche onely iloubte doeth at this daye difcorage many faynte hearteil men, f|)eciallye 
 beecaufe in the mofle parte of Globes and Mai)pes they fee the conlinente or lyrnie land, extended cuen to 
 the North Pole without any fuch palV.ige. Which thing ought to moue no man greatly, forafnujc h as the 
 moll parte of Globes and mappes are made alter I'toloineus Tables; Who, albeit he was an excellent man, 
 yet were there many thinges hyd from his knowledge, as not fullicientelye tryeil or fearched at tliofe ilaies, as 
 manilellly appeareth in that he knew nothirjg of America with the hole lyrme lande adherent thereunto, 
 which is nowe found to be the fourth i)arle of the earth. Neylher yet knew he any thinge of the |)aflage by 
 the Welle into the Falle, by the llrayghtes of J/a!^clla/i/ts as you flial reade in this linke. Neylher of the 
 llandes in the \Velle Ocean Sea, nor of the llaiules of A/i>ii,c.a lUuaie in the mayne luille Indian .Sea. And 
 as touchinge this paffage, albeit, it were not knowen in Ptolomeus dayes yet other auctors of later time, who 
 lierhappes haue hadde further experience of the thing (as good reafon is) doe wryte not onely that there is 
 a jialTage by the Northe Sea into tiie mayne Eafle Sea, but doe alfo further declare, howe certayne (lii|)i)es 
 haue falely f.ivled ihroughe the f.iine, as J'i/n- /ccii/idi/i (olherwyfe called .7i/ica.s Siiitiiis) an excellente 
 auctciur iLlcrylielh in his lioke of Cofniographie, where he hath thefe W(jrdes folowing. Of the North Ocean 
 Se.i. whether it ni.iy be f.iyled abouie or not, t!ie contencion is greater, yet is it apparaunte that the greatelle 
 p.irte thereof aboule C'crmanie, lialh been fearched by the commaundemente of Auguflus th[i.]i.mperour, euen 
 vnto the [jromontorie or landes ende of the peo'ile, called Ciiiihi. The feas alfo aiul coafles of Cafpia were 
 fo fearched during the warres of the Macedonians vnder the iloniinion of Sclcuciis and .Inl/iiocns, that al 
 
[Epistle to the Rcadcf.] 
 
 moll all the Noith on eucry fydc was fayled about. I'linic rehearfcth the teftimonie of Cornelius Nepos, who 
 wryteth that the King of Sueuia (or Swcthulande) gaue to MeUltus ccUr, procoiifuU or leauctenaunto of 
 FrauncC: cercayne Indians or menne of Inde, whiclie faylingc out of India for niarcliaundyle, were by 
 tcinpcn, diieuen into Gcrmanie. We alfo rcadc in Olho, that vndi.r lh[c]L'mpyrc of tiic tlcTniaynes, there was 
 a faippe of Indians taken in the North fea of Gerni.inie, and drieuen ihethcr by contrary wyn<l fioni tlie 
 llafl i)artcs : which thing coulde by no meanes haue comen to paffe, yf (as many nienne tliinke) the North 
 fea were not nauigable by reafon of extreme cold and Ife. And thefe be the very woules of /'///jt .SV; ////<//«, 
 whereunto I adde, that thys, notwithllandinge, yf it fliould fo chaunce, that ellicr there can no futh paf- 
 fage be found, or the fame fo daungerous, or othenvyfe that the very cutle thereof by whiili onely jierliappes 
 any fl-iii)pes might paffe, could not be founde, yei, or to calle the worlle, yf they Ihoulde ijcrilhe in tliis viage, yet 
 I woulde wiflie all men to be of fuch corage and conllancie in thefe affayres, as are valiaunt capilaynes 
 in the warres ; who, yf by miftortune they take a foyle, doe rather Uudie how by fonie oliier wayes to recouer 
 theyr honour and re[>utacion diminilhed by the fame, then with (lianie, lofle, and dillionour, euer afterwarde 
 to geue place to theyr enemyes, or forfweare die warres. Wherefore, to conclude, yf no good can be done this 
 way, it were worthy t!ie aduenture to attempt, yf th-* fame viage may bee broughte to paffe, another waye, as 
 by the flrayght called Frdutn trium fratnun, wellward and by North from England, whiche viage is fulRciently 
 knowen to fuche as haue any fkyll in Geographic. As for other landes and llandes in the wed fea, where 
 the Kagle (yet not in euery i)lace) hath fo fpled his winges, that other poore byrdes may not without offence 
 feke theyr praye within the compaffe of the fame, I wyll f|'eake nothing hereof, bycaufe I wokl be loth to lay 
 an cgge, wherof other men might hatche a feqient. Wiierfore to let this paffe, and to entre into anodier 
 matter. I'orafmuch as in thefe our dales liath chaunced fo great a fecret to be found, as the like hath neuer 
 been knowen or hear<l before, (what foeuer God meant to kepe this millery hyd fo long) I thoughte it good 
 to f[)eake fomwhat hereof: tnifling yat the jileafaunt contL-mi)lacion of die tiling it felfe, Ihal make the length 
 of this |)reface leffe tedious, efpecially yf it fmd a reader whofe ftiule delytedi to prayfe God in his workes. 
 'I'he thing therfore is this, how the hole globe of the world (of the earth and water 1 meane) hath been fa) led 
 aboute, by the Well into the I'".aR, as doth more largely ai)i)eare in this boke in the nauigacions oi Ma:;,//,iiiiis, 
 who from Spayne fayled Weflward to the Il.mdes of AL'/iuwi being in the Had fea, fane beyond ye funhed 
 partes of Kad India: and the portugales came to the fame llandes from Spayne fijiing I.allward by the 
 coades of Ai)hrica, Arabiii, and the vttennod India beyond tiie ryucr of iiivi\;,s where, in yat Indian fea t)ie 
 fayd llandes of Molucca are fituate. A thing furely mod wonderful, and in maner incredible, but that the 
 fame is [jroucd mod ci'rtayne by experience, the teacher and mcllres of all fciences, for lacke of whofe a)<le 
 (experience I meane) lyke as many greate wittes haue fallen into great errours, fo by her a)de, many l>afe 
 and common wittes haue attayned to the knowledge and jiractife of fucii wonderfull elfe<;tes, as could iianiely 
 be comprehended by the difcourfe of reafon. Which thing or other lyke, I fu[ip(ife was the caufe uhy die 
 noble rhilofopher Aridoteles fayde : Quod nihil ejl in inkihctu <iuodnonfuitpiius in f,iif:i, that is, that 
 nolhinge is in vnderdandinge, but the fame was fyrd in fenfe, that is to faye subiert to ye fenfes. Vet would 
 I not that any radie witte flioulde hereby take holde, as thoughe eyther -Vridotle or 1, meant that fence 
 were more excellent then reafon, but rather that reafon vfi.-g fenfe, taketh his principles and fvrll fedcs of 
 thinges fenfyble, and afterwarde by his owne difcourfe anil fearciiing of caul'es, encreafeth the fame horn a 
 feede to a tree, as from an acorne to an oke. Nought els to f.iy, but that ex[)erience to be mod certavn 
 which is ioyned with reafon or fpeculacion, and that reafon to be mod fure which is confnnied with 
 cxjierience, accordinge as the rhificians determen in theyr fi ience. diat neylher i)ractyfe is fafe without 
 fpeculacion, nor f[)eculacion without i)raciyfe. Wherfore, whereas men of great knowledge and experience, 
 are to great affaires, theyr attcmptes haue for the mode i>arte good fucceffe, as doeth niolle playnly appeare 
 in all liidories : notwithdanding that fome ignoraunt men \\)\ alledge that certayn raihe aduentures Ii.iiie 
 |iriif|iere<l well ; which fayinge proueth no m^re then yf a man (Imuld fiy, that twife or tinife a man vnarmed 
 llew a man armed (as dyil fometyme the wyld Irilhnien at bullen) I'.rgo, it were better to fight vnarmed 
 then armed. And wheras I haue here fpoken of knowledge ioyned with e\|)erience, I meane by knowledge 
 yat which we commonly cdl learning, whether it be gotten out of bokes (which are the writinges of wyfe 
 and expert men) or otherwyfe by conference and educacion with fuch as are lerned : meaning nought els by 
 learning, but ye gathering of many mens wittes into one mans head, and tiie experience of many yere: , 
 anil many mens lyues, to die lyfe of one, whom we ctll a learned, wyfe, an<l expert man. The wliii h 
 tlefynirion and effect of learning, the noble and learned cortier Ilaltaffar C'allaglione (the auctour of the boke 
 called in the Italian tongue /'/ coitixioiw,) diligently confideringe, doeth greatlye blame and reproue the 
 frenlhmen in that they thinke yat the knowledge of letters doeth hinder the affayres of warrc, ye which 
 perfwafion he |)roueth by many reafons and examples to be mod falfe. But as conceriiinge tiie matter 
 whereof this boke entreateth the greate riiilofopiier .Albertus Magnu.s, onelye by learninge, wyihuute 
 
 Pliniut. 
 
 Coriti'iius ^fffi<s. 
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 ^"tlil.ind and 
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 'Mic earth 
 
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 Hic viiqc rif 
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 Kxprricnrf. ye 
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 l.tlnvvki'^f aliij 
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 lutUitit.tr 
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 [.«Ts»ati'>n (if ye 
 i'rciithiticii. 
 
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 mtam 
 
 ssBsspsn 
 
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 Tt.'mj>cr:»t rc^ionft 
 vn'ier ye 
 
 An error <f S. 
 Au^ii^iiiie jiiJ 
 
 LiUttlHtlHt. 
 
 Aniif'o.it-t. 
 A/'iittius. 
 
 /.I. tituiius. 
 
 'Hie rniimlne^ uf 
 
 yc f.irtti. 
 
 h. auguslyiic 
 
 A^I't'lMS. 
 
 .-*«///..,/rt the 
 tl)[cj.j()iur. 
 
 TTic spinyrir.lfi 
 aii'l till- Iii>ii tii» 
 arc Antip%i.>(s. 
 
 S. ntiKU<:tinc of 
 
 S. aiigiivlines 
 boLc oi retract ;:r«. 
 
 M'liinl (viif*. let 
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 uf the cirilb 
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 A Rcntrnrc -if S. 
 
 C<>inincn<Ia< i'tn „f 
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 J.tUttllttint. 
 
 [E/Astle to the Rcadcf] 
 
 expcryence, aftyrmcd that habitaljio 'J. tcnipciatc Rigions myghte be vndcr the E(iuinocti;il or burnini,'c 
 lyne, as appeareth in hys r>oke ik Xatiira hhoniin, contrarye tu the oi)iiiion of other wryters wlijche were before 
 hys tyme, ami yet is nowe proiied by exjierieiice to bee niolle true, albeit not in all places vnder the fayde 
 lyne, the caufe whereof were here to longe to declare. And lyke as Albertus Magnus by knowledge of 
 Aflrononiye (wherein he excelled) came to the vnderllandinge hereof, eiien fo that greate Clcrke (but better 
 dyuyne then I'hylofopher) Sayncte Auguflyne and alfo Lactantius, for lacke of lyke knowledge in that fcience, 
 fell MUo a chyldiflie erroure, denyinge that there is anye peoi)le, called Antipoiles, of whom the greate 
 ARronomer of our tyme, Apianus wryteth in thys maner. Antipodes arc they, whyche walke wyth theyr fete 
 dyrectelye contrarye agaynfle oures, and haue the hcauen dyrectelye ouer theyr heades as we haue. Yet haue 
 we notliinge common wyth them, but all thinges contrarye : for when the Sunne caufeth Sommer wyth vs, 
 then is it Myddewynter wyth them : and when it is day wyth vs, it is nyghte wyth them : And when the daye 
 is longelle wyth vs, then is the longede nyghte wyth them, and the lliortelle daye. Whiche, Lactantius, a 
 manne otherwyfe well learned, in his thyrde liooke, Capittulo foure and twentye, childifllielye err.nge, wyth 
 hys lyghte and opinionate argumentes, denyeth that there is anye fuche, and mocketh the Allronomers, 
 beecau.'; they alTymie the earth to bee rounde, whiche ncuertheleffe they proue wyth mode certayne and 
 a])parente demonflracions of Geometrye, and vnfayleable experymentes. Whome, Sayncte Auguftyne 
 folowing, in his fixtenth Booke. </.• Ciiiitiit. Dei. Capittii. ix. wryteth after ihys forte. Suche as fable that 
 there is .Vntipodes, 'hat is to fave, menne of the contrarye parte, where the funne ryfeth when it faileth to vs, 
 and to haue theyr feete agaynlle oures, we oiighte by no reafon to beeleue. 'I'hufe bee the woordes of 
 Sayncte Auguflyne. Nothwithllandinge (fayeth Apianus) putte thou no doubte tlentle Reader, that the 
 Apollles of Chrille were Antipodes the one to the other, and flode feete to feete the one agaynlle the 
 other, when lames th[e]ekler and brother to lohn the Kuangelille, the fonne of Zebedeus, was in S|)ayne in 
 Galitia, and Thomas the Apollle in the hygher India, they were moolle certavnelye Antipodes, walking feete 
 to feete one agaynlle the other, almofl as directly as a diametrical lyne. For the Sjjanjardes are Antipodes 
 to the Indians, and the Indians in lyke maner to the Spanyardes. \\hich thinge alfo the e.\cellente and 
 aunciente Auctour Stiabo confyrmeth to bee true, ;r likewife I'linius Xal. I/iJl. lih. 2. dip. 67. Dolateranus 
 alfo, anil all other Cufmographers and Allrononicrs. Hetherto Apianus : and to declare my opinion in fewe 
 woordes, I thinke it no greate marueyle that Saincte AuguRyne fliouKle fall into an erroure in the fcience 
 of Allronomie in whiche he trauayled but as a flraunger, forafmuche as he erred in many thinges in diuinitie 
 which was his chief profeffion : and was longe of the herefye of ^[allklu•lls beefore he was conuerted by 
 Saincte Ambrofe : and wrytte alfo at the lengthe a liooke of retractes, in whych he correcteth hys owne 
 errours. And I beleue playnely that, that excellent witte of hys, could not I'.aue remayned in yat errour yf 
 he had been wel exercyfed in Allronomy, or had knowen any fuche experyence as is fpoken of here beefore, 
 howe the Spanyardes by the \\'efl,e and the Portugales by the Kade compafled aboute the earth, whiche 
 coulde neuer haue come to pafTe yf die earthe were not rounde ( Qiianlum ad ma.xiiiias fiii piirtcs ) as they call 
 it. For, as for hylles and Mountaynes, though they be neuer fo gre.ite, yet in refpccte to the byggenes of the 
 earth, they doe no more lette the roundnelfe hereof, then doe the lyttle knobbes of the beirye, which we call 
 a galle, lette the roundneffe of the fame. Wherefore I am certaynely perfwaded, that yf Sayncte AuguRyne 
 had continued hys lludye in ARronomye (as it hadde been i)ytye he flioulde) or were alyue at thys daye, he 
 woulde alfo haue retracted this erroure. liut yf here anye fuperllicious head fliall thinke it a heyncjus matter 
 in any poynte to contrary Sainct AuguRyne, lette hyn; hearken howe .\uguRine hym felfe fayeth : that 
 he wyll neythcr hys writynges or other mennes, of howe greate name or fame foeuer they be, otherwife 
 to lie beleued then the fame fliall, by reafon bee approuetl to be true : A'o/iic quorumiibd difputadoms, ^'c. 
 -Vnd lyke as the greate I'hilofoijher AriRotel, when he wnte agaynRe hys mayller I'lato of the queRion 
 ih- JJiiis, and agaynRe Socrates who by the oracle of .VpoUo was jiroued to be moR wyfe, and certayne 
 of hys frendes aRced hym why he durRe be fo boulde, he aunfwered that I'lato was hys frende, and 
 fo was Socrates : but trueth hys frende more then they bothe, eucn fo I thinke it no iniurye nor 
 contumel)e to Saynct AuguRyne, yf the fame were fayde of hym alfo geuynge hym otherwyfe hys dewe 
 commendacions, as he was furelye an excellente man, of dyuyne witte, and knowledge, . nd fo trauayled in 
 fettynge foorth ChriRes true Relygion in thofe turnioylous dayes, in perpetual comiiatte, agaynRe learned 
 heret)kes and Prynces of the worlde, that lie is worlhelye called a Doctourand I'yller of ChriRes Churche. 
 .•\nd as for Lactantius, the intente of whofe wrytinges was chiefelye to thys ende, to dyminiRie tli[e]eRimacion 
 of I'hilofophye, (as at thofe dayes it was necelTarie to doe ainonge the Gentyles) and to aduaunce Goddes 
 woorde, (whyche they contemned for the hmiilicitie ef the fame,) allieit, he attem|ited as farre as hys learn- 
 inge woulile feme hym, to make all thynges in l'hilo[fo]phie vncertayne, yet are hys argumentes fo (lender, 
 that vnlelfe G t) I) by die fecrete working of hys fpyryte, hadde calle<l the Gentyles to the true I'aythe, 1 feare 
 me leaRe fewe or none of them, (fpecyallye of the greate wyttes) woulde haue been conuerted by Lactantius 
 
 II 
 
\Epistb to the Reader.] 
 
 IT 
 
 argunicntcs. Howe he dalyeth in dcnyinge the ycarth to bee rounde, and that it is polTyble that it 
 niyghte bee longe and rounde, (lyke an Egge,) or otlier\vyfe longe and holowe lyke a bote, (meanynge I 
 fupiiofo that the Sea myghte bee contcyned in the holowneflfe of the fame, wylh fuche other opinyons 
 grounded of no reafon, it were to longe to rehearfe. Yet, forafniuche as he was a learned manne, and 
 for the better fatiffyinge of fuche wyttcs as are defyreous to know fome ajiperannce of truth by naturall 
 reafon and denionftracions, lette vs admytte that the earth were rounde after anye of thofe (liffliions wliiciie 
 lie defcrybeth : yet can it not bee denyed, but that it is conteyned wythin the holowenelTe (yf I maye 
 fo call it) of the ayre, hauyngc the heauen in euerye jjlare dyrectelye ouer euery j)arte of the fame, as fayeth 
 the I'oete and I'hilofopher Vir^i//, dv/iim uiiili,pie fioj'iim : Excepte perhappes l.actantius flioulde thinkc 
 that it lu)nge by fome thynge, or were otherwyfe borne vppe wyth ])yllcrs as the I'oetes P'able, that the 
 (lyaunte Atlas beareth the worlde on hys flioulders, whereby they nieane that a manne of valiente mynde 
 mull floutelye beare the chaunces of the worlde. Of whyche hangeinge or l)ear)nge of the earth, I reade 
 a better and more tnie fayinge in the holje Scrijiture, where it is written, Irrt omnia turbo oris fui, that 
 is, that (jod fuRayneth and beareth all ihinges with the woorde of hys mouth. 
 
 llolye lob alfo fayeth, that the LORD flretcheth oute the Northe ouer the emptye, and hangeth the 
 earth vpon nothynge ; Meaninge by nothinge, the ayre, becaufe to oure fenfes it appeareth in nianer as 
 nothynge : Or otherwyfe that it Is not dependynge of anye other fubftaunce, but to bee fuflayned onelye by 
 the power of O O D who hath appoynted the Klementes theyr places and lymittes, and caufetii the heuye to 
 (lande fade: as wytnelTeth Moyfos in hys fonge, fayinge: By the wynde of thy noRrels tiie waters gatliered 
 together, the llouddes floode flyll as an heaiie, and the deepe water congeled togeather in the heart of the Sea. 
 Wherefore yfthe heauen be rounde (whiche no manne can reafonably denye that cuer lawe the Sunne and 
 flerres nioue.) And yf the earth bee the center of the worlde dependinge as we haue fayde beefore, then 
 mulle it needes folowe, that they whiche inhabiting the Xorthwefle partes of the earth, haue the Pole Artike 
 eleuate thyrtye degrees, mufl needes bee Antipodjs to them whiche inhabitinge the Soulheafle partes of the 
 earth, haue the Pole Antartike eleuate in the fame degree, and fo the lyke to bee vnderfland of all other 
 eleuacions and degrees. And yf here anye wyll obiect, that cyther the earth or firme land is not fo large, or 
 fo farre extended, or other wyfe not inhabited althoughe it were fo large, oi that the fea is greater then the 
 lando, to thys I aunfwere, that no man knoweth further hereof th^n is tn,'cd and founde liy experience, as 
 we haue fayde beefore. And albeit that the f.-a were larger then the firme lande, yet forafniuche as there are 
 llandes founde in all places of the niayne Sea, and in maner all inhabited, there is no reafon to the con- 
 trar)'e, but that the people of thofe llandes maye be Antipodes to fuch as dwel on the fynne lande, on the 
 contrary parte, whether the earth bee round and longe, yea or fcpiare, (yf you wyll) notwythllandynge. But 
 wyth what certayne denionftracions the Aflronomers and Geometricians, proue the earth to bee rounde, and 
 tlie S[)hericall or rounde forme to bee moofte perfecte, it were to longe to declare. I wyll therefore make 
 an ende of thys matter wyth the fayinge of Saynctc Paule in hys Oracion, to the menne of Athens. That 
 GOD made of one bloudde, all nacions of menne, to dwell vjion the hole face of the earth. 
 
 C 1 hadde entended here (well beeloutd Reader) to haue fpoken fomewhat of fuche ftraungc thynges 
 and Monflers, whereof niencion is made in thys Hooke, to th[e]ende that fuche as by the narownes of theyr 
 vnderftandinge are not of cajtacitie to conceaue the caufes and natures of thynges, myghte partely haue been 
 fatilTyed wyth fome fenfyble reafons. Hut beynge at thys tynie othenvyfe hindered, it fliall fufhfe al good 
 and honed wittes, that whatfoeuer the Lorde hath pleafed, that hath he done in heauen and in earth, and in 
 the Sea, arid in all depe places. 
 
 fl Ecclefiaflicus. Capit. i. 
 C T/tc eye is not fatiffycd li'ithfyght, and the care is not fytled loith hcaringc. 
 
 Of tlie rniinJcn**» 
 of yc carlh. 
 
 The ~arth liangeth 
 in ye aire 
 
 The fable of 
 
 .1 tills. 
 
 The woril df Cnd 
 hearelh vj»i)c the 
 world. 
 
 lob. Jfi. 
 
 The elemcntes. 
 
 The clcii.ilion of 
 the pule. 
 
 The largcncs of 
 the earth. 
 
 llandes 
 
 A^tronomrn; .ind 
 ( icotuetriciaiis. 
 
 Act. xvij 
 
 I's.1. 135 
 
 '( 
 
 tl 
 
1 
 
 12 
 
 C 77^6' Table. 
 
 C Of the Ilande of laiia. 
 
 Of the llnnde of Mailagafcar. 
 
 Of the Ilande of zanziliar. 
 
 Of the two llandes in tlic which men and women dwell a funder. 
 
 Of the niightie Kinpyre of Cathay, fubiect vnder the dominion of the great Cham or Cane, 
 
 Kmperoiir of 'I'artaria. 
 Of ccrtayn IVouinccs fubiect vnder the dominion of the great Cham. 
 Of the Prouince of Mangi. 
 Of the Region of Tangiit. 
 
 Of the newe llandes, Iiowe, when, and by whom they were founde. 
 Of the two llandes lohanna and Hifjiana, 
 Of the Canibalcs, which e.i ■ mens flcflie. 
 Of the nianers of the inhabitantes of Ilifpana. 
 How Chrillophorus Columbus, after that he had founde the newe llandes, returned to Spayne: 
 
 and preparing a new nauie, failed agayn to ye Canibalcs. 
 How Columbus the Admiral, pafled many llandes and what chaunccd to liym and his in that viagc. 
 t)f the newe India, as it is founde and knowcn in thefc oure dayes. 
 Of the Adaninnt flone, othcrwife called the Diamant. 
 Of the Kingdoms and cities of Xarfinga and Canonor 
 Howe the Ele|)hantes in India are prepared to the warres. 
 Of the bealle called Rhinoceros. 
 Of Calicut, the mofle famous markette towiie of Indix 
 Of the manors of the Indians in Calicut. 
 
 Of Pepper and other f|)yces which growe in tb.e Region of Calicut. 
 
 Of the byrdes and beafles which are found in the Region of Calicut : and of the wyne of the tree. 
 I'rom whence all kyndes of fpyccs are brought to the cytie of Calicut 
 Of the Hand of zaylon, and of the cinomome tree. 
 Of the cytie of TarnalTeri, and of the maners of the cytezyns. 
 Of the excellent cytie and Kingdom of Pego. 
 Of the Ilande of Sumatra, or 'I'aprobana. 
 Of the Ilande of Dornei. 
 Of tlie Ilanilc of (iiaua. 
 
 Howe the Spanyardes abufed the fubmilTion and frcnddiip of the inhabitauntes of the llandes. 
 Howe the Portugales foughte newe Ilamles in the F.afl. [jartes, and howe they came to Calicut. 
 Howe Magellanus by a ftrayght or narow arme of the Sea, fayled by the A\'efte into the Eafle 
 
 to dyuers Ilandi's, where alfo he was flayne. 
 Howe the Spanyardes came to the llandes of Molucca, and of the people with great hanging eares. 
 The third nauigacion of Chriftophonis Columbus. 
 [How Petrus Alonfus foughte newe llandes. 
 How Pinzonus com]ianicm to the Admiral, fought newe llandes. 
 The foure nauigacions of Americus Vefputius to the newe llandes. 
 The fj rfle viage of Vefputius. 
 The fecond viage of Vefputius. 
 The thyrde viage of Vefputuis. 
 The fourth viage of Veffjutius. 
 
 Howe the Kyng of Portugale fubducd ccrtaync places in India, and of the rychc cytie of Malacha. 
 Of the Ilande of Medera, and the fortunate lUndes, othenvyfe called the llandes of Canaria. 
 [Whether vnder the ./^iquinoctial circle or buminge lyne (called Torrida Zona) be habitable Regions. 
 
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 II Of the newe India, 
 
 as it Is knowcn and found in thcfe our dayes. 
 
 In the ycarc of oure Lordc. M.D.LI 1 1. 
 
 After the defcripcion of Sebaflian Munfter in 
 
 his Booke of the vniuerfall Cofmographie. 
 
 Liby. V. Dc tcyyis A sice Maioyis. 
 
 And tranflatcd into Engliflic 
 
 by Richard Eden. 
 
 Here are two vi.igcs or nauigacions made onto of Europa into 
 Iiulia. The one foutlicafl from fjjayne, by the coalles of 
 Aphrica and Ethiopia, euen vnto Arabia to the citie called 
 Aden. And from thence to the Ilandc of (Jrmus, and from 
 Ormus to the citie of Cambaia, and from thence euen vnto the 
 citie of Calicut. Cambaia is fituate nere vnto the floudde Indus. 
 This citie is of great powre, riche, and abundaunt in al kyndes of 
 grayne and come. The foyle hereof bringeth forth fondry 
 kyndes of fwcte oyntmentes, and cottcn which groweth on certain 
 trees called Gofsampini, this cotton, is othcrwjfe called Bomhv^c 
 or fylke of the trees. The Kynge of I'ortugall fubdued this 
 cytie, and bylded hard by the fame a flrong fortrefle : with 
 which thing the Turke beeing fore greued, commaunded a greate 
 nauie of fliippes with greate fumpti'.cufnes to bee furnidied in 
 the goulfe called Sinus Arabicus ; to the ende that he might 
 dryuc the I'ortugalles out of India, and the better to acconi- 
 jjlillie this his jiurpofe, he appointed one Soliman a noble man of 
 warre (beyng alfo the Captaync of Alcayre,) to be the admiral general, or gouernour of his nauie, hauing in his 
 retenue. xx. thoufand fouldiers beefyde mariners and gonners, whiche were in numbre foure thoudiiul. This 
 nauie was appointed in the hauen Suezio, beeinge a port of the redde fea, in the yeare of Chrifl. 1538. And 
 arr}ued fyrfle at the citie Aden : where laying anker, the gouernour of the nauie fent letters to the king of 
 Aden, certifying him that he vvoulde take his viage into India, from thence to cxpell the King of Portugal!. 
 The Kinge of Aden whiche was then tributarj-e to the King of I'ortugall, rcceyucd the Turkes letters thanke- 
 fully, offering him felfe and all that he might niake, to fo niigluie an Emperoure, defyringe the gouernoure to 
 come forth of the fliip, and to beholde the cytie obedient and readye at lis conv"ii!ndementc, in the which alfo 
 accordinge vnto his digniiie and office, he fliould be worthely interteyned : but the gouernour agayne allured and 
 cntyfed hym to come out of his citie, and fo by crafte circumuented hini, that he toke him priefoner, and com- 
 maunded him to be hanged on the fa\ le yarde of the fliyp, and with hym foure other of the rulers of the citie of 
 Aden, affyrming that he was commaunded of the Turke fo to handrl liieni, becaufe the cytiezins of Aden had 
 not only made a leage with the I'ortiigales, but had alfo jiayde them tribute : whiche nacion the Turke playnely 
 cntended to drieue out of India. And thus after the Kynges death, that mod riche and beautiful cytie, was euer 
 a praye to theues, fpoylers, and murtherers without refyftaunce. 'J'hen the gouernoure dejwrting from thence, lefte 
 there behynde him a garrifon of two thoufand men of warre, and faylyng forwarde on h)s viage, he came to the 
 citie called Diuni, whiche the Portugales helil : and his armie was greatly eiicreafed by the waye, as wel by land 
 as by fea, by reafon of the great continence of the Turkes which on euery fide reforted to him, fo that in a fliort 
 fpace they rowled before them a biilwarke or countremure of earth, in nianer as bigge as a mounta)ne, which 
 by little and litlc they moued neare vnto the trenche or ditche of the caffell, fo that they might fafely fland 
 Ijehynde the bulwarke, (thus rayfing a mount,) they befi-.ged the caflell on euery fyde, and battered the walles 
 and towres thereof very fore : yet that notwithflandi-ig, were at the length, cnforfed to departe, not withoute 
 greate loffe and flaughter of theyr fouldiers : for this Diuvi, is the flrongeff citie that is vnder the dominion of 
 
 The — 
 
 lIlLT is 
 
 Suuthwcste. 
 
 The . ilii- of 
 Ciitnl'tiia 
 
 CtlUul. 
 
 Cossifium, 
 cuUun of ihc m-e* 
 
 The 'urkeii n.iiue 
 ■Uliiyl ste the 
 Icuit; of I'ortue-ilu- 
 
 The cytie of A'k-n. 
 
 The kincc rif 
 Aden U hati|;t:il. 
 
 The dcstnirtion 
 of Ilic cilK of 
 Allen. 
 
 The turke 
 licvi->;t'lh the 
 c>t)i: of I) U'lL 
 
 The liirke U 
 rcpuUcd. 
 
i^f 
 
 H 
 
 \Pf the ncwe India, as it is kncnocn & found, &c\ 
 
 The cxrctlcncie 
 cf tht citie uf 
 i'attibaiii. 
 
 Latha is f^iinirnu 
 of:! tree, aii'l is 
 vsvil in (iytiig uf 
 iilko. 
 
 The Kyngilom of 
 
 The KyngJomof 
 Vtchan. 
 
 The tliomonJe 
 stune. 
 
 The stone 
 
 The hardne<( of 
 the diailiund. 
 
 How the (liamanJ 
 U made suftc 
 
 The monlaync of 
 diamautes. 
 
 The cilie of 
 
 The Vinge of 
 
 Cambaia ; but the cytie of Cambaia, is fituatc in the goulfo called Guzcrat, and is well inhabited, and in maner 
 moll excellent of all the cities of India, and is therefore called Cayriis, or A/iayr, or Jitibilon of India. It is 
 enuironned witli a walle, and hath in it very fayre byldinges. Ve Soldan or chefe nder hereof, is of Mahmnets 
 fecte as are ye Turkes. Laclia groweth there more plentifully then in any other countre. The inhabitauntes, 
 for the niolle parte goo naked, couering only theyr i)riuie partes : they bynd theyr heailes about with a clothe 
 of purple color. The SoKIan or prince of this citie, hath in a reilines for the warres. xx. thouf.ind horfemen, 
 he hath alfo a mightye and magnifical court. When he w.iketh in ye morning there is heard a great noyfe of 
 cimbals, drumdades, timbrelles, fhames, i)ii)es, flutes, trumpettes, and diuerfe other nuifical inflnimentes, hereby 
 lignifying that the king lyucth and is in health and nicryc : in lykc maner doe they whyle he is at dyner. To 
 the kyngdom of Cambaia, is the Kingdom of loga nexte adioyning, which reachcth firre on euerye fide. In this 
 kingdom, by reafon of the greate heate of the fonne, the bodyes of men begin to waxe blaeke and to be fcorched: 
 the people of thys countreye haue ringes hanging at their eares and colers aboute theyr neckes of fundry fortes, 
 al befet and fliyninge with precious floncs. The foyle hereof is not very fniitful, this region is rough with 
 mountaynes, the byldinge[s] are defpicable, and euyl to dwel in : there is beyonde this, another Kingdom 
 called Dcchan ; this cytie is very beautiful to behold, and fniitful in maner of al thinges ; the king hereof vfeth 
 great ])ride, and folemnitic : his pompes and triunii)hes are in maner incredible, they that wayt vpon the kinge, 
 weare on the vpper partes of theyr flioes certayne fliyning precious ftones, as Piropi (whiche arc a kind of 
 Rubies or Carbuncles) with Uiamandes and fuch odier. But what maner of lewclles they vfe in ye flcde of 
 coUers, eareringes, and ringes, you may well confyder, whereas they geue fuche honour to theyr fete. In this 
 kingdom is faid to be a mountayne, out of the which Diamandes are digged. 
 
 €1 Of tJic Diamandc Jlonc, called in Latinc Adanias. 
 
 He Dianiande is engendred in the mynes of India, Ethiopia, Arabia, Macedonia, and Cyprus, 
 and in the goldc mynes of the fame countries. That of India excelleth all other in beautie 
 and clearenes : that w hich is of the coloure of yron, is called Sidcritcs, it is often tymes found 
 in colour like vnto criflal, and though it be fometimes lyke thereto in whytnes, yet doth it 
 differ from criRall in hardnes, in fo much that if it be layd vpon an anuil and flrongly (Iriken 
 with a hammer, the anu)l and hammer fliall foner be wounded and Icape away, then the flone 
 periflied or diminiflied: it doth not onelye refufe the forfe of Iron, but alfo refifleth the power 
 of fyre, wliofe heate is fo farre vnable to mclte it, that it can not fo muche as heaie it, if we geue credit 
 to Plinie, and is alfo rather made i)urer therby, then anye wayes defyled or corrupted; neuertheles, the 
 finguler and excellent hardnes of this (lone, is made fo fofte with ye hoate blood of a Goate or a Lyon, 
 that it may be broken: and if it be put with molten lead in hoate fornaccs, it waxeth fo hoate that it wylbe 
 dilTohied : yet are not all Diamandes of fuch hardneffe, for that of Cyprus, and alfo that of the coloure of 
 Iron called Sideritcs, may be broken with hammers and perced with another Diamand: his vertue is to 
 bewray poifons, and to fruflrate th[e]opperacion therof, and beeing therefore greatly eftemed of Kinges and 
 Princes, it hath euer been of great price. The mountaine of India out of the which the Diamandes are 
 digged, is compafled with a walle on euery fyde, and kepte with a (Irong defence. 
 
 C 0/ the kingdoms and cities of Narfinga and Canonor. 
 
 He King of Narfinga, in riches and dominion excelleth all other Kinges in thofe partes. The 
 chiefe cytie where the King is refident, is in fituacion and fynencs, much lyke vnto the cytie 
 of Milayne, but that it ftandeth in a place fomewhat declyning and leffe equall. This king 
 hath euer in a redines manye thoufandes of men of armes, as one that is euer at warre with 
 other countreys, borderers nere aboute him. He is geuen to mode vile Idolatrie, and 
 honoureth the deuyll, euen as doth the king of Calicut. The maners and fafliions of the 
 inhabitantes, are after this forte. The gentlemen or fuch as are of greatefl reuenewes, vfe to 
 weare an inward cote or peticote, not very long : hauing theyr heades bounde aboute with lifles and rowles of 
 fundry c iloures after the maner of the Turkes. The common people, couer onli their priuie parts and are 
 befyde all together naked. The Kynge weareth on his head a (lately cap made of the riche cloth of Afia, 
 beyng two handfuUes in length. When he goeth to ye warres, he weareth a vedure of ye fdke called Goffampine, 
 which he couereth with a cloke adorned with plates of gold : ye hemrae or edge of his clokc is befet with all 
 maner of ouches and lewelles. Hys horfe is iudged to be of fuch valure if you refpect ye price, as is one of 
 
\0f the iicii'c India, as it is knoiven & found, &c^ 
 
 15 
 
 and in mancr 
 if IiuUa. It is 
 s of Mahuincts 
 : inhaliilauntcs, 
 It with a clothe 
 fanil liorfenicn, 
 I yrcat noyfe of 
 imcntcs, hcrchy 
 ; at (lyncr. To 
 ■e fido. In this 
 to lie fcorchcd: 
 )f fundry fortes, 
 
 1 is rough with 
 other Kingdom 
 ing hereof vfeth 
 vpon tlie kinge, 
 
 2 are a kind of 
 I in ye flcdc of 
 r fete. In this 
 
 ia, and Cyprus, 
 
 other in beautie 
 
 ten tymes foimd 
 
 tnes, yet doth it 
 
 . (Irongly (Irikcn 
 
 dicn the flone 
 
 fleth the power 
 
 we geue credit 
 
 leucrtheles, the 
 
 )ate or a Lyon, 
 
 e that it wylbe 
 
 the coloure of 
 
 is vertue is to 
 
 of Kinges and 
 
 Diamandcs are 
 
 fe partes. The 
 
 vnto the cytie 
 all. This king 
 r at warre with 
 
 Idolatrie, and 
 fafliions of the 
 ucnewes, vfe to 
 
 and rowles of 
 e parts and are 
 
 cloth o{ Afia, 
 led Goffampine, 
 s befct with all 
 ce, as is one of 
 
 our cities. And this is by the meanes of ye iniuinierable nuiltitude and fundrie kindes of precious flones, and 
 jiltIcs wherew ith ye trai)i)ets, barbes, and other furnitures of his horfe are couered, with an incredible pompe and 
 glori. The foyL- of Narfinga, beareth nether wlieate nor grajies, and is in maner without al kinde of fniites, 
 except citrons and gourdes: the inhabitantes eate no bread, but ryce, fiflie and flefhe, and alfo walnuttes, which 
 that countrey beareth, there begin fpyces to be found, as ginger, pepper, mirabolanes, Cardamome, Caflia, and 
 (lyuers olher k'ndes of f|)yces. 
 
 Canaiu; is a very excellente cytie, fayrc and beautiful! in all thinges, fauing that the Kinge thereof is an 
 Idolater. This citie hath a hauen whether the horfes of Perfia are brought, but theyr tribute or cuflome, is 
 cxcedinge great; the inhabitantes lyue with ryce, fleffhe, and fyflie as do they of Narfinga: in the warres they vfe 
 the f.veorile, the round target, fpeares and bowes, and haue nowe alfo the vfe of gonnes, they are all naketl 
 fauing tlijir jirieuie jiartes, and go beare headed, excejit when they goe to the warres, for then they couer theyr 
 hcades with a redde hatte which thei folde double, and bind it fafl with a lyfl or bande. In the warres tliey 
 vfe neither horfe, mule, or affe, neither that kynde of camels which we commonly call dromedaries: but 
 vfe onely Klephantes. There is alfo in the kingdom of Narfinga another godly citie called Jlijlini^ar: it is 
 compaHed aboute with a walle, and fituate on the fide of a hyll, beeyng. viij. myles in circuite hauinge alfo in it 
 a famous market place. The foyle is veiy fruitful, there are all delicate thinges to be found that m:iy encreafe 
 the pleafures of this lyfe. 'I'here maye no where be found more pleafaunt feldes and woddes for hauking and 
 luintinge, a man woulde thinke it were a very Paradyfe of pleafure. The king of this citie is of great power, he 
 keepeth dayly many thoufandes of men at amies, vfinge Elephantes in the llede of horfes. And hath euer foure 
 hundreth Elephantes prepared for the warres. 
 
 C Hem) the Elephantes in India arc Pfcpared to wayre. 
 
 HHe Elephant is a bead very docible anc' aptc to be taught, and little inferiour from humaine 
 fenfe, excellinge all other beafles in fortui'de and (Irength. I'herfore ye Indians, when they 
 prejiare them to the warres, put great packfaddels vpon them, which they bind fafl with two 
 chaines of Iron,coniming vnder theyr belyes. Vpon the packfaddels, they haue on euery fide 
 a little houfe or towre, or cage (if you lift fo to call it) made of wood, 'i'hefe towTcs ar made 
 faft to the necke of the beafte with certayne fawed hordes of the thickenes of halfe a hande 
 breath. Euery towre receyueth thre men. And betwene both the towres, vpon the back of 
 the beaft fytteth an Indian, a man of that countrey which fpeaketh vnto the beafte. For this beafle hath 
 marueylous vntlerflanding of the language of hys natyue countrey, and doth wonderfulli beare in memorie 
 benefytes fliewed vnto him. It is alfo mofte cert.iyne that none other beaft draweth fo nere to the e.xcellcncj 
 of humayne fenfe or reafon as doeth this beaft, as maye moft playnly appcare, yf we confidrc, how he is geuen to 
 loue and glory, to a certeyn frendly gentlenes and honeft maners, ioyned with a manieylous difcrecion, to know 
 good from euil, more redy to recompence bencfites then reuenge iniuries, which excellent properties are not to 
 be found in other bnite beaftes. Therfore when the Elephantes go forward to ye warres, feuen armed men 
 arc appoynted to be caricd vpon one Elei)hant, bearing with them, bowes, iauelins, fweordes and targettes: 
 alfo the longe fnout of the Elephant (which thei cal his hand) is armed with a fweorde of two cubites in length, 
 and in bredth and thickenes a handfull, ftandinge righte fordi, tyed fafte to the fnowte of the beaft, and thus 
 bceinp fiirniflied, they procede to the battaile : and whereas occafion retjuyreth to go forward or backwarile, 
 liie ruler of the beaft geueth him warningc, whofe voyce he vnderftandeth and obeyeth: ftryke hym, fayth the 
 ruler, fi'ibeare hym, be fearfe agaynft thefe, abftayne from thefe, the beafte obeyeth hym in all thinges, as 
 tl had humayn reafon, but yf it fo chaunce that being made afrayd with fire (which thinge they feare 
 
 aboue ^A other) they beginne to flye, they can by no meanes bee allured to ftoppe theyr courfe, or retourne 
 a|,'ayne, for the peo[)le of that nacion, can with many fubtyl deuifes as often as them lifteth, raife vp fires to make 
 thofe beaftes afrayde. There be fome men which thincke that Elephantes haue no ioyntes in theyr legges, 
 which opinion other aftirme to be vntrue, for they haue ioyntes as haue other beaftes, but that they are very low 
 and almoft at their fete. The females are of greater fiercenelTe then the males, and of much greater ftrength 
 to beare burdens : they are fometime taken with madnes, declaring the fiime by theyr furious running. An 
 l!lei)hant excedeth in greatnes thre wilde oxen called Bitbali, and is much lyke of heare, and eyed lyke a fwine, 
 liming a long fnout, hanging tlownward, with the which he putteth into his mouth whatfoeuer he eateth or 
 (Irinketh, for his mouth is vnder his throte, not muche vnlyke the mouth of a fwyne: his fnowte hath holes in it, 
 and is holowe within, with this they ouerthrow ye ftumpes of trees: and that of fuche bignes, that the forfe of 
 xxiiij, men is not able to do the fame. The two great tufkcs which they haue comming farre oute of theyr 
 
 •i 
 
 The riche trapping 
 of the kini£ct 
 hun«. 
 
 Spices nf 
 Nantiiga. 
 
 The cytie of 
 
 Th« v»e of 
 Ktephartes in the 
 warrev 
 The cyl ; 
 Biiinagar. 
 
 Hauking and 
 huiilinge. 
 The kinge of 
 bitiitagar. 
 
 The Elephanloj 
 lowre. 
 
 Elephantes 
 vnaerstaniieth the 
 langu.i^c ul theyr 
 cuunlrei. 
 
 Seucn armed 
 men v|)(>n utie 
 Elephant 
 
 The ruler 
 sneakcth tr) the 
 
 Llcplumi. 
 
 The Elephantes 
 ioynte.*.. 
 
 The hiffne* and 
 shape of the 
 Elephant. 
 
 : 
 
f 
 
 i6 
 
 [0/ the uciiK India, as it is knoivcn & fouud, &c\ 
 
 \ I 
 
 i { 
 
 7 * 
 
 Itie painttn em 
 '.erciiL 
 
 Viuicntand'! the 
 liaii<let>reiU)i with 
 the tliumtie 
 ktretcheil furth. 
 The Klephaiites 
 pa>e. 
 
 The Flephante is 
 vexed wtth llycs. 
 
 k>'ll 
 
 ' the F.lephant 
 :th llyci. 
 
 Fiifiiilie hetwene 
 tlif Kli-ph.int and 
 KkitioitrM, 
 
 The I\hi»L\tras 
 IL hurnci 
 
 The fight l)Ctwenc 
 i\ltini\er(ts and 
 the Elephant 
 
 naturally armed. 
 
 f\hinfli-fm scne 
 in J'urtn^ale. 
 
 oiiercnmeth the 
 KlephanL 
 
 T.nwe and bimpic 
 huUM:v 
 
 month, or ])l.ict.'(l in the vppcr iawc, hauingc on ciici^e fyilc Ia|)i)i.'s han,L,'ing downc of the liij,'ncs of two hand 
 l)rca[il|th, 'I luyr Rtc arc round like vnto a llat Irene iliflie, Iiaiiini; fyuc ttjes hke hoeiies vmlenitled, of the bignes 
 of great oyfterflielles. Theyr tayles are lyke vnto the tayles of wilde oxen, thre hanilfiil in length, hailing but 
 few heares. The males are hygher then the females. 'I'hey are tjf fimdry bignes: fome are of. .xiij. handfulle» 
 Iiye, fome of xiiij. and fome. xvi. Their pafe in goyng, is foinewhat llowe and walowinge, by reafon whereof, 
 fome whiche ryde on them and haiie not been accudomed thereto, arc jiroiioked to vomitte, ouen as they were 
 toffed on the fea. Yet it i.s great plefiire to ride on the yong Klephantes, for they goe as foftely as ambeling 
 moiles. When you attempt to geat vp, to ryde on them, they bow downe toward you, as though they would 
 cafe you with a (lerope, that you may the eafelier geat vp, which neiiertheles cannot wel be done without 
 helpe. They are ail vnbrideled hauinge neither withe nor coUer aboute theyr neckes, but goe with thcyr heades 
 al together lofe. And becaiife they are not toucred with briflels or biggc heares, they haue not fo miiche as in 
 theyr tayle an)c helpe to dryiie awayc flycs. For cuen this greate bcafle alfo (fayeth I'linie) is troubled with 
 this iyttle vermync. Thcyr (kinne is very rowghe, anil full of thaiipcs, and rifles, like the barkc of a tree, being 
 fomwhat fillhyc and full of fwette, whiche by heate rcfolucd into vapoure, by fauour draweth llycs vnto it: there- 
 fore when any tlye.s or other creping vermeil arc entered into the fayde riftes of thcyr n<innes, fodeynly bending 
 and ilrawing together their fl<innc, they hold them fall and kyl them, and this is to them in the ftedg of a tayle, 
 a mane, or rough and brilleled heare. 
 
 e 0/ i/ic bcajtc cal/cd RWxuoccxos. 
 
 Hiiiorryos is comonly founil in the fame countrcy, where F.lcphantcs arc cngcndrcd, and 
 is borne an enemy to the I'.lephant (as faith I'linie) no lelfc feking his dcllniction ther iijth 
 the dragon : whcrfore the Romayncs confidcring the natures of thefe bcafles, were wont to 
 put them together vpon the theater or flagc, for a fiiectacle, therby to declare the natures of 
 enemies. 'I'liis j'v'///>/('iv7(U hath two homes, wiiereof the one is of notable bignes, growing 
 oute of his nofethrilles, and is of tlattc forme, ami as harde as Iron. The other groweth aboue 
 in his necke, and is but a little one, but wonderful (Irong : when this bead attempteth to 
 inuade the F.lephant, he fylcth and whctteth his home on a (lone anil llryketh at the belly of the Elephant, 
 which place he knoweth to be mofl open to his llripes, and cafyefl to rcceaiie hurt, becaiife of the foftencs thereof, 
 which he cuttelh with his home as with a fweord. .Some auctours write that K/iiiuwn's is vncquall in bignes to 
 the I'.lephantc : Init /n/tiis Soliiius faith, that he is as long as the I'^lepliaiUc, \a\* '-uh fli, rter legges : when 
 Rhinocavs therfore and the Klephant ioyne together in fight they vfe theyr nalurall weapons : the K/iiiuhcios 
 his home, and the Klephante his tufl^cs, wherewith he fo viole.itlye beateth and tearcth the Ikinne oi H/ihwcero^ 
 being as harde as home or fliell, and fcarcelyc able to be pearfed with a dart, that he neuertlielcs enforfeth Mm 
 to fill downe. A'/i/ihwivs agaync on the other panic fo woundeth i''e belyc of the I'.lephantc witli the home of 
 hys nofethrilles, yf he doe not preuente hys flrokes, yat he fainteth with bleding. In the yere of Ch rill. 1513. 
 the firll ilay of .Maye, was broiighte oute of India to Fmanuel the king of Tortugale M/tiiitwivs alyue, of the 
 coloure of boxe, fomwhat variable and as it wer chekered, couereil with flielles lyke fcales, or rather lyke fliieldes. 
 This bcafl was in bignes cquall to an Elepliante, but had lliorter legges, and was armed on cuery parte. lie 
 had a llronge and niar])e home in his nofethri'les, the whit he ^as I haue I'ayde) he fylcth, when he prcpareth 
 him to fight. All this great hatcred betwene tl-efe two beafles, is for ye bell pallurcs which one llriiieth to take 
 from the other as fome v.ryters faye. In the ycare of Chrllle. 1515. King Kmanucl fet forth a fpectacle in the 
 citie of I.ijboihi, in which was a combat betwene th.e FIcphant ar.d Rliinouios. A fight doubilcfle worthy great 
 admiracion. liut in this fight, the Flephant had the c uerihrowe. 
 
 C O/" Calicut, t/jc nwji famous market toicue of '"' 
 
 u 
 
 lie cytie of Calicut is in the continente or mayne lande. 
 the fea. It is not walled about, but contcyneth in circ 
 together as the maner of bylding is with vs, but one 1 
 fpace. It is cstentled in length a thoul^md pafcs. The lu. 
 lowe, not palTinge the heygth of a manne on horfebacke 
 of a roofe, they are coucred with bowc > of trees, harde and thicke ci a hed together, the caufe 
 hereof is, that yf the earth there be in anye place digged fyiie handful! depth, the water 
 
 ufes therof ailioyning to 
 
 .)iiUind hoiifes. • t adherent 
 
 lillant from anot, , a further 
 
 hereof e but ruuple and very 
 
 111 th- ,rounde. In the (Icde 
 
[Cy the newe India, as it is knowen & found, &c.] 
 
 17 
 
 of two hand 
 of the bignes 
 1, lulling but 
 iij. li;iiulfiillc» 
 afon wlicrcof, 
 as they were 
 y as ambeling 
 li ihcy would 
 (lone without 
 1 theyr headcs 
 ) muche as in 
 troubled with 
 f a tree, being 
 k-nto it: therc- 
 eynly bending 
 cde of a taylc, 
 
 igcndred, and 
 tion ther, .ijth 
 , were wont to 
 the natures of 
 )ignes, growing 
 growcth aboue 
 . attcmpteth to 
 r the Elephant, 
 oftencs thereoi', 
 all in bignes to 
 ■ legges : when 
 the Khiihh , / ,M 
 e o(Ji.r'iacen>f 
 ; enforfeth I.m 
 li the home of 
 ifChrifl. 1513. 
 s alyue, of the 
 
 r lyke lliieldes. 
 ery parte. He 
 •n he prepareth 
 flriueih to take 
 
 )ectacle in the 
 ffe wortliy great 
 
 of adioyning to 
 .•s, • t adherent 
 oti , a further 
 liniple and very 
 In the ftcde 
 ;ether, the caufe 
 L'lJth, the water 
 
 fpringeth forth, by rcafon wherof they can lay no depe foundacions for theyr houfes, fuflkientc to beare anye 
 heauye roofe. The Kinge of thys citie is gcuen to Idolatrie, an<l honoureth the deuyll himfelf Yet he dcnieth 
 not but that there is a tlod which made heauen antl earth. And the fame to be the chiefe auctmir and fyrllc 
 caufe 01 all thinges. But fayth that he hath committed the rule and iudgemente of the world, to the deuil, to 
 whom he hath geuen power to rewarde men with good or bad according to their defertes. This deuil they ral 
 Deiimo, but the mightie God and maker of the world, they cal lamirani. The king hath in his Chappell the 
 Image of this deuyl Deiimi, fytting with a diademe or crowne on his head, much lyke vnto the inyter which the 
 Romayne Uifhoppes weare, (hue that this deuils myter hath foure notable homes. lie fytteth gapinge and hatii 
 a greate >vyde mouthe, with foure teeth and a defomied nofe, lowringe eyes, a grimmc, terrible, and direatening 
 countenaunce, with hooked ha ides lyke Hediehookes, anil feete not much vnlyke the feete of a cockc. Al fu'ch 
 as behold this horrible monfter, are fodeynly allonied. For it is furely a thing mod vyle to behokle, and no 
 leffe terrible. The chappel is on euery fyde ful of painted deuyls ; and in euery corner thereof fytteth a deuyll 
 made of copper, and that fo workemanly handeled, that he femeth like flaming fire, miferably confuiiiing the 
 foules of men. This deuyl with his "-ighte hande, putteth a foule to his mouth, and with his lefte hand, he 
 Uiketh another from a place beneth. Kuery morning their Priefles (called Bramini) waflie the Image of the 
 deuyll with rofe water, or fuch other fwetc liquoure, and perfume hym with dynerfe fwete fauours, kneling on 
 theyr knees and praying vnto him. Euerye feiienth day, thei take the iiloud of a cocke and put it in a filuer 
 veffel, ful of burning coales : addinge thereunto innumerable odoriferous gummes and ponders to in.ike a fwete 
 fmoke or fumigacion. Then the Priefle taketh his fenfer with burning coles, putting therto frankencenfe, and 
 thus maketh his oblacion to Satlian, iluring which tyme of facrifice, a lyttle fyUier bell, is ronge continuallye. 
 The king fytteth not downe to his meate, vntyll foure of his chaiileins haue offred parte of the fame meate to 
 tiic deuyl. And when the Kynge goeth to dyner, he fytteth on the grounde wiihoute eylher carjiet or table 
 cloth. And as he fytteth at diner, foure of the i^riefles wayte vpon him (landing : not approchinge nere vnto 
 hym by the diflaiince of foure pafes, geuing reucrent attcndaunce vnto the kinges talkc. A\'hen he hath dyned, 
 the Priei'. "s take the meate that is left, and geue it to the crowcs to eate : which byrdes they haue in fuch 
 eftimacion, yat it is not lawful to hurt them. When the king thai marie a wife, he goeth not to bed with 
 her, vntil fhe be defloured of ye high Prieft, whom the king for his paines rewardeth with. v. C. [five hundred] 
 pieces of golde. 
 
 € Of the maners of the Indians in Calicut. 
 
 Ext after the King, ye priefles which feme ye Idols, are had in chiefe reucrcnce. N;xte vnto 
 them, the Magiflratcs, called Ncrl, are no lefTe ellemed then amonge vs Senatoures or Lordes 
 of the counfajl. Wlien thefe goe abroade, they cary with them fwordes, targettes, bovcs and 
 iauelins. Such as are counted of the thyrde order, are in like place with them, as aru Arti- 
 ficers w ith vs. They of the fourth order, lyuc by fidiinge. And to them of the fyflhe orc.'er, 
 perteyneth the gathering of pepper, wyne, and walnuttes. The bafed and poorefl fort, a.-e 
 they which fowe and gather ryce, beyng contemned both of the priefles .''iid Senatours. The 
 Kinge, the Queue, and the inhabitantes of the cytic, haue almod no apparel, couering c,)cly theyr fylthy partes 
 with cotton of the tree called GoJJampiiu\ and not with ("ilke: and arc befidc r.liogether naked. They goe 
 barefoted and bareheaded. \\'hen the King is dead, ) f there reniayne alyue any heyrcs, males, either children 
 or brethren, or brethers chiUlren, they fuccede not in the kingdome: for by cudome of the countreye, the 
 fyders fonnes are inheritours to ye crown: but yf there bee no fuche lyiinge, he fuccedeth in the kingdom 
 which is nearcd of bloud to ye king, of whiche codume, the reafon is (as th.-y faye) becaufe the I'riedes delloure 
 the Qucnes. When the King taketh any farre iourney, or r}-deth a hunting, the I'riedes wayte vpon the Queue 
 at home, and kepe her company: for nothinge can be more thankefuU to the Vynge, then to haue the Queue 
 thus accudomed in adulterye with the I'riedes, by whiche common i)roditucion of the iiuene, hemayewell iudge 
 that the chyldren bome of her, are not to be edcmed as his owne : and therfore arrit;neth the right of his inheri- 
 taunce to his fyders children, as to the nered of his blonde, becaufe hisbrtnhers children (as is (iiyd before) may 
 not fuccede him in the kingdome by the cudome of the countrey. The noble men and marchauntes vfe this 
 fafliion among themfelucs. Such as haue wyues, do often tymes chaunge theyr wyues, one frentle with an other 
 for th[e]encreafe of further frenddiip. At which exchaunging of wyues, one of them fpeaketh to another after iiiiS 
 manner. Forafmuch as you are my veri (rend, let vs chaunge wyues : on fuch connlicion, that 1 maye haue 
 yours and you mync. The other aflteth him yf he fpeake in eamede. He fweareth yea: let vs goe then (fayth 
 hisfelow)to myhoufe: when they are come thether, the good man calleth forth his wife, faying \Tito her: 
 edsn. r 1; 
 
 « 
 
 l^e king honofcih 
 the ileuU, 
 
 The Image of ihe 
 
 .luuill. 
 
 The I'i^shnp nl 
 Koines vicar al 
 
 The deuil eateth 
 ftoules. 
 
 The Heuilet 
 chaplins. 
 
 S.icrifico to the 
 deuyl. 
 
 I'lic chapleins 
 ulfcr to the deuyl. 
 
 The pricites wait 
 o t the kyng. 
 
 Crnwcs had in 
 estimacion 
 The priestel 
 detluure ye 
 queenc. 
 
 Priestes. 
 Magistrates- 
 Artificers. 
 Labourers. 
 
 'I"he accession of 
 the ki.\g<lotn. 
 
 As .are yc priostes, 
 Mich is yc people. 
 The priestes kepe 
 the quene. 
 
 Fxchailnginge 
 of wyues. 
 

 M 
 
 i » 
 
 i8 
 
 Obedience ia 
 euylL 
 
 One woman 
 m.iricil tu scuen 
 men. 
 
 The punibhmcnt 
 of muither. 
 
 Sinne redemed 
 for muney. 
 
 Superstition. 
 
 OiiicwAnl 
 clenlvnes. 
 
 I>eiiyltshe 
 getturcs. 
 
 Howe pppper 
 growct 
 
 r 
 
 Fniitfiil ip-ounde 
 withuut iillase 
 
 Cinger. 
 
 A rote for a tedt. 
 
 Fruyle* vnknowen 
 to us> 
 
 Alof. 
 
 [0/ the newe India, as it is knowen & found, &c\ 
 
 Woman, come hether and folow this man : for he (hall from henceforth be thy hufband. She adccth him yf he 
 flicake in carnea: he n.nfwercth, in guoil carnrll. Then fayth the woman : I wil folowe him gladly. Me taketh 
 her away with him, and in ly!:e maner fendeth his wyfe to his frende. And this is the cullame which thei vfe 
 in chaimg.ng jf wyiies. Hut the children remaine with theyr fyrfte father. Other of thcfe Idolaters vfe dyuerfe 
 other cufto-.ics. For among fume of them, one woman is maried to feuen hufbandes, whi<:h lie with her by 
 courfe ore after another. And when (lie hath broui;hte forth a child, flie fendeth it to whiche of her feuen huf- 
 bandes ihe lift: who maye in no iJk. refufe it. When they eate, they lye along on the grounde, and haue theyr 
 meate in great difllies, or treys of coj-per. In the llede of fpones, they vfe leaues of trees. Their meate, is r}ce, 
 fiflie, fpyces, and fruites of the conunon forte. Yf any m.m committe murther, and bee apprehended, he is 
 puhidied after this maner. 
 
 They haue a kynde of ^allowes made, wit', a pofte of the lengthe of foure pafes: On the whyrhe, not farre 
 from the iojipe, are fallenctl two flaues wit'i fliarjje endes, ye one lying ouer the other after the maner of 
 a crolTe: then the body of ye offender is thr.ft through vpon one of ye ftaues. .And fo the miferable wretche 
 hangeth vntyll he haue feuen vjjjie the gl'oft. Hut yf any man wound another, or bcate hym with a flaffe, 
 he redcmctli th[e]offence, piyinge to the king a certayn of golde. \\'lien they pray, they go fyrft before the 
 r)fuig of the funne, to fonie r iter or ftandini,'e water, wherein they phin,:,'' themfelues, to th[e]intcnt to waflie them 
 clcane: And fo beeinge wafned, they toiiche nothing vntyll they haue at home at theyr houks, poured forth 
 theyr i)rayers before theyr Idols. When they laye them felues down on the grounde, fecretely to prayc, they 
 make certayne deuylifhc gellurcs lyke vnto madde men, flaring with theyr eyes, and turning them inward 
 after a ftraunge forte, wyth no leffe deforminge thei' countenaunce, very monflrous to beholde. When the 
 knig prej)areth him to ye warres he hath in a re.idyiicrfe a hundreth thoiifand fotemen. For of horfemen they 
 haue no vfe, but only of fuch as fyght on l!lephantes. Al that are of tiie Kinges bande, have a filken 
 fyllet of fcarlet colour, tied about their heades. When thei go to the warres they vfe round fweordes, targets, 
 iauelinsand bowes. 
 
 Of Pcppcf and ot he f f pices -which grmvc in the region of Calient. 
 
 F.jiper groweth in ye fuburbes of the citie of Calicut. There is feme alfo gathered within the 
 ( itie. The ftalke of pejiper is veri weake: fo that it can not ftande vpryghte, without a ftake 
 or proppe to fiiftcin it, as haue ye vynes. It is not much vnlike vnto luie: and in like maner 
 rre|)eth and ftretcheth forth it felf enibrafing and ouerfpreading fuch trees as grow nere vnto 
 it. This tree (or rather llinibbe) is deuided into many braunches, of the lenglhe of two or 
 thre hand breilth. The leaues are lyke ihe leaues of an Orenge tree: fauinge tiiat thefe are 
 fomewhat grolVer and fatter, with fmall vaynes running betwene on the contrarye fide. On 
 euery twigge ther hangeth fixe thicke clufters of beries, a hand breadth in length, and of the colour of wild 
 grapes. They are gathered in the moiullus of October and N"o\ieinlier: Inclininge yet to a grene colour, and fo 
 laying them on mattes or couerlettes, tiiey fet them in the uinne to be dried: wliero, within the fpace ol 
 thre dayes, it waxeth black, euen as it is brought hether. They vfe neytiier cutting nor digging, or other till.ige, 
 but onely the fimple and pure fruitfulnes and encrcafe of the earth. I'linie fayth that the trees of pepper are lyke 
 Tnto oure iuniper trees. And that in his time, fome affyrmed yat they were brought foorth only in the front of ye 
 mount Caucafus on the fou.nfyde toward the fonne. Hut the I'ortugals, whiche in this our daies fayle into the 
 Eaft partes, haue found it otherwife. The region of Cnliait, be.ireth alfo Ginger: which doubtles is a roote, and 
 is often tymes founde of the weighte of xii. vnces: but al are not of lyke bignes. This roote entreth no deper 
 into ye ground, then, iii, or. iiii. handbredth, like vnto the rede. When ginger is digged out of ye ground, they 
 leaue the knotte or ioynte of the roote, in the pytte out of which they digged the ginger: coucring ye fame with 
 earth as a fede, agaynft the next yeare to encreafe and bring forth more ginger. It is found in playn ground of 
 a redde erth, as ar Mirabahmes. Ther growetii alfo fliuers t)ther fnites and flirubbes vnknowen to vs, as /a<(ri. 
 pauara, amlhi. CanKapt:/, Comu/ani^a, and fuch other of which fome haue the tafte and fauoure of (|uinces, fome 
 of peaches, fome of damaike pnines, fome of melones, and fome of figgcs, etc. A/oe groweth alfo in that region : 
 and is a cert lyn gumme, gathered from a litle tree, which is faftcned in tlie eaith, onely with one roote after ye 
 maner of a ftalTe, pytched in the grounde. The bodie of the tree, is tender and rcdde. of ftrong fauour and 
 bitter taft. It fomtyme putteth forth droppes of gumme withoutc anye cuttingc. And this of India, is muche 
 better then that which growith in /h,f,a. 
 
[0/ the newe India, as it is kncnven & found, &c\ 
 
 19 
 
 kcth him yf he 
 ly. He takcth 
 
 whicli thei vfe 
 ;ers vfe dyuerfe 
 ie with her by 
 
 her feiien huf- 
 ;uk1 haue theyr 
 
 meate, is r)cc, 
 ehendeil, he is 
 
 lyche, not farre 
 
 the maner of 
 
 fcrable wretche 
 
 11 with a ftaffe, 
 
 yrfl l)efore the 
 
 : to wafhe them 
 
 !, poured forth 
 
 to praye, they 
 
 ; tliein inward 
 
 K. When the 
 
 horfeinen they 
 
 have a filken 
 
 ordes, targets, 
 
 liciit. 
 
 red within tlie 
 
 vithoiit a flake 
 
 in like maner 
 
 row nere vnto 
 
 ;the of two or 
 
 tliat thefe are 
 
 rye fide. On 
 
 :olour of wild 
 
 colour, and fn 
 
 the fpacc ot 
 
 r other till.i,i;f, 
 
 I'pper are lykc 
 
 the front of ye 
 
 fayle into the 
 
 s a roote, and 
 
 reth no dcper 
 
 ground, they 
 
 ye fame with 
 
 lyn ground of 
 
 i vs, as Ia(cri. 
 
 (luinces, fonie 
 
 fi that region : 
 
 roote after ye 
 
 g fauour and 
 
 dia, is muche 
 
 t: Ofbynies and bcajlcs ivliich arc found in the region ^Calicut : and 
 of the 7i'yne of the mcrneylous tree. 
 
 Here is found in Gi/uiit, diners and fundry kyndes of foure footed beafl.es and foules. As lions, 
 wildc boores, hartes, hyndes, wolues, kyne, wylde ON^;n, goates, and Elephantes: whych neuer- 
 theles are not engendred there, but brought thether. 'I'here bee alfo grene popingiays, and 
 fome [< fj wiiite felheis of variable ' olours. lying like fcoutchins. Some alfo of purple coloure. 
 Of liiefe tliere is fu( li plcntie, that they are fayne to appoint men to kepe them from the rice 
 which groweth there in the feldes, 'J'hey are menieilous chalteringe and of fmall jirice. 
 '^-^ There are alfo birtles called Saraii, fomwhat lefle then popingiayes, but make a much fweter 
 iiij)le. liiere are alfo manye oilier kyndes of byrdes vnlyke vnto oures : Of which, euerye morning and cucning 
 is hearde fiiche a harmonic and fo fwete a nuyfe. that nothing can be more delectable : In fo little moiuhts 
 (onfilleth in maner al nnificke, and therfore the inliabitauntes lyue in greate pleafure, as though they were in an 
 earthly paradife, where llou.es are eaer fpringing, and trees continue grene al the hole yeare. The heaucn is 
 lieneficiall vnto them, and the ayre mod temperate continually. So that thei are nether bytten with coldc in 
 winter nor burnt with he;ite in fomer, but lyue as it weic in continual fi)ringe tyme. The fame region bringeth 
 lorth alfo Marni.ifets and Munkeys, whi( he are great hinderaunce to ye men of the countrey : and fpecially to the 
 poore forte, beecaufe they elyme the walnut trees, and fjiylle the fweete licpioure of the fniyte thereof, of which 
 the Indians make mofl i)leafaunt wyne. l'"or thefe Indians haue a tree mofl excellent .iboue all other trees of 
 the world, whi( h bringeth foorth dates lyke vnto the Palme tree. This tree ferueth them for firewood ; and 
 beareth a kynde of walnultes moll delicate to be eaten : Alfo a kind of cordes, fofte cloth, wine, oyle, and 
 fuger. Hut cliielly it bringeth foorth this excellent kynde of nuttes like vnto dates. From thefe they take awaye 
 the fyrfle rynde or barke ami cad it in the fire. The other fruite is not mu( he vnlyke 6V/?ijw//W cotton, or fylke. 
 Of the (loures they make doth lyke filke : the fla.xe whiche is lefte, they fpinne agayne, and niak<' therof fmal 
 roopes or cordes. 'I'he lall barke or rinde, conteineth the nutte, whofe tliickenelTe is no more then the lyttle 
 fyiiger of a mans hande. lurtherniore the fweete liijuoure or wyne, is engendered with the nutte, fo that as the 
 nutte groweth, the licpioure alio encreaUlh : In fo muc h that when the nut is full growen, the lyipioure fyllethc 
 the inne warde partes of the fame. And thys li(|uoure or wyne, is mcjfl cleare, not muche vnlyke vnto rofe- 
 water : Of which neuertheles is made a very fattc oile. They ( ut alfo the tnmke or florke of the tree in ye 
 morning and eiiening : by whii he meanes tluy gather a mofl excellent lii|Uour, which the/ feeth on the fyrc, 
 and make thiixof fo iiKiuejlous a drinke, tli.il if .1 man drinke thereof beyond meafure, he is drieuen into furie 
 and madnes. 1 his liquour is vfed tiure in the llede of wjne. l!ut let vs nowe returnc to the beaflcs which are 
 found in CaHail, Serjientes growe there vnto fuch houdge greatnefie, that they are in maner as bigge as fwyne. 
 They haue heades muche l.irger then bores heades. Thei ari foure foted, foure cubites in length, engendered 
 and conuerfaunte in fennie and marriflie groundes. The men of that < ountrei faye that thefe liealles are without 
 poyfon. 'i'here are alfo found other kyndes of feri)entes : of the wliii he one kynde li.ith fo mortall venime, that 
 yf they drawe neucr fo lyttle bind, it raufeth prelent death. There are other ferpentes which in iiuantilc 
 rejirefent the ferpent called /////>. .Again, otherfome are much higher of whidie there are greate jilentie. 
 The men of the countrey tiiinki: yat they are fpirites fallen from heauen : and therfore haue tluni in great 
 riuerence. 'I'hei haue conceaued this opinion of them, becaufe that in maner with touching, they bringe 
 prcfent death. And this is the caufe whi there i fo great abundaunr[e] of ferpentes, that by the kinges 
 commaundement it is not lawful to hurt them : and therefore they wander fafelye where them tilleth, and 
 are ellenied of them as thinges that bring good fortune. For whereas the men of yat countrey, goe abroade 
 aboute anye bufines, thei take it for good luck to mete any of them by the waye. The popingiayes of In,fia 
 are for the moll jiart, of grene colour befyde ye head, vhid. is edier redde or yelowe like golde. They haue 
 a great and large toung, and arc therfore of a louder voyce, and fpeake more plainly. They learne the 
 fyrfl and fecond yeare fuch thinges as arc taughte them. And bcarc them longer in memory. They drinke 
 wyne, and vfe theyr fete in the llede of handes when they feede. 
 
 Papingiayes of 
 (l/uenkyndet. 
 
 Swecte Kinginge 
 uf birdeii 
 
 Earthly paradise 
 Temperate ayre. 
 Continual ".prinj;. 
 Munkeyi. 
 
 A tree of siindrye 
 coinluoUitics. 
 
 Silkeoftren. 
 
 Rcpes of trees. 
 Wyne of tree* 
 
 Oyle uf water 
 
 .Serpents as t>it;ge 
 as swine 
 
 Serpents withuut 
 IKjyson. 
 
 Si;rpcnte«rminti-i| 
 fur nt-aiienly 
 spiritcs. 
 
 r.reue 
 
 puping[i].ties. 
 
nil 
 
 20 
 
 \0f the newe India, as it is knowen & founds &c\ 
 
 Can fitter, 
 
 ConmucoL 
 
 Pfgo. 
 
 CAmhatA 
 A rabia, 
 < 'hina, 
 Sii motor. 
 l\t r Hasten , 
 
 Klcplunies. 
 Cinoiuoiiic 
 
 'I'lif Kmiinocii.i! 
 tyitu 
 
 Weapons of rcJcs 
 
 XarsiPtii^ti 
 
 The IwaM whithr 
 bv.ircth lh«' fuirt 
 c.illct S.illcii. 
 
 Kiiulf* of 
 
 € 0/ tJic fitndyyc kindcs of Spices, ichich are foundc in Calicut, and from 
 
 whence they are brought thyther. 
 
 Tngcr growcth in Calicut, yet is llicre much Iiroiighto thcther from the cytie of Citnoiipr. 
 
 CinamoiiK' conuiKth from ilie Ilandc oi Ztiy/cn, whyche is fyftyo kagcs beeyonilc Calkiit 
 ICallwarde. 
 
 Pepjier growcth in CaUciit : but miiche more is broiiglite thether from Corimiicol, whiche 
 is. xij. leiges beyonde Calicut. 
 
 Clones are gathered in a jilace, railed i\fc/uza, certayn Icagcs diflant from Calicut. 
 Xiitiiugges and Mace, growe in Mclucha, bcyng diftante from Calicut hundretli and thre 
 fcore Icagcs, and fomewhat more. 
 
 Mulke and Cafloreum, is brought from the region of /Vc'. whiche is from Calicut, ahiioflc hundreth 
 and f) ftye leages. 
 
 Pearles of the biggeil forte, are gathered nenre vnto the Hand and cytie of Ormus, fituatc in the goulfe 
 called Sinus Pcrjicus : And are fente from thenrc to Calicut, as to the gcnerall market lownc of all the Eiill partes. 
 Sjiikenarde, and Mirab^'.lanes, are brought from Camhtia to Cilicut. 
 I'rankencenfe, and Myrre, come from Arabia. 
 
 ALh; and Camphyic, are brought from Kyui, or Chiua. 1. [fifty] leages from Calicut. 
 Long pepjier conielli from Hamolor. Cardamome ye greater, is brought from Catiowr. 
 IVcfilium, or bralyll, comelh from Daniajscri, oiherwyfe called TarmaJ/'eri, aliuuR. CC. [l«o hundred] 
 leages from Calicut. 
 
 C Of the I hind of Zaylon, and of Cinomome found there. 
 
 Ay/c-i is a very large region, and bringeth foorth chefelye Elcphantes in greate plentic. U hath 
 aiic) Mountaynes of merueylous length : at liie rootes wherof are found Rubines, Hiacinthes, 
 S.iphyru^, 'roi)afes, ami fuche other precious Hones. In this Hand growcth the Cinomome 
 trie, not much vnlyke ye bayetree, fpecially in the leaues. It bringeth forth grajncs much lyke 
 \ nto baye beries, but fomwh.it lelVe and whytilhe. That which we commonly call Cinomome, 
 is nothinge els but the barke or rynde of a tree, whicli is gathered after ilus m.iner. Euery 
 thyrde yeare they cut of the braunches of the trees, and fake of tlie barke or rynde thereof, 
 which is our Cinomome. They cut not the body of the tree, but only tiie branches. \\ hen it is firfl gathered, 
 it is grene, and not perfectly fwete vntyll it be kejit a monelh. Tliis Hand is fiiuatc vnder the Eijuinoctial line, 
 where is contuuiall fpringe all the yeare. The inhabilauntes weare dokes, with one anne oute vncoucrtd, 
 anil haue clothe made of Gojjampine cotton, or of filke. A rede is to Ihem in the flcile of fworde, rapyre, 
 and iauelyne. And are therefore fcldome llaynt in the warres. 
 
 C Of the cytie of Tarnafscri , and the maner of the cytezins there. 
 
 He rytie of Tatnaf/'eri, is diflaunte from the Kingdomc of A'arfuiga. xiiij dayes fayling 
 Edward, and hath a king of great puylVaunce and m.irueylous riche. Tiie fo)l" of this citie, 
 liringeih forth whcate, cotton of (.ii'fiampine trees, and plentie of lilke. 'I'lie fieldes bringe 
 foorthe all kin<!es of fruites ; ijuinces alio and oranges. It is replenilhed with manye and 
 fundrye kyndes of beafles afwell wyld as tame, as kyne, fhejie, gotes, fwync, hartes, hyndes, 
 wolues and 'yons. TlK-re are alfo feene thofe kyndes of cattes which beare the riche furres 
 calliii '/il'cllini, which \\c call Sables. In all the f.eldcs and woodes of this region are foundc 
 many I'eacot kes, I\uil'. ons, and moft fayre I'opingiaye.s of white coloui intermingled with fiucn variable colourcs. 
 There is alio manielous plentye of h.ires urI partryches, There are manye of other llraunge kyndes of foulcs : 
 and fpecially fuel) as lyue by praye, whiche are n;ache higher then E.;igles : whofe vp])er beakes arc of fuche 
 bignes and hardnes, tiiat handles for fweordis are maile thereof. .Mfo the cockes and henncs of thys region ait 
 
vid from 
 
 iionor. 
 
 oiide Calicut 
 
 mucol, whichc 
 
 Ciilicut. 
 Irclli and thro 
 
 iflc huinlrcth 
 
 in the goulfc 
 Kail partes. 
 
 wo huiulred] 
 
 [itic. lit bath 
 >, Hiacinthes, 
 le Cinomome 
 5<s much lykc 
 U Cinomome, 
 
 ner. Eiicry 
 ynile thereof, 
 firll gathered, 
 iiinoctial line, 
 e vncoucrcd, 
 
 orde, rapyre, 
 
 Yrc. 
 
 layes fayling 
 of this citie, 
 ieldes bringe 
 li nianye and 
 irtos, hyndes, 
 e riihe fiirrcs 
 in are founde 
 d)le coloiircs. 
 es of foulcs : 
 arc of fiirhe 
 ys region aic. 
 
 \0f the uewe India, as it is knowen & found, &c^^ 
 
 21 
 
 
 inuchc hygher and bigger then ours. Wiien the people of the countreye goe to theyr meate, tiiey lye downe on 
 the groi'nde withoute cai])et or cloth : Yet vfe they woodden veffcUes, workemanlye made, Theyr drinke 
 i^> wate i lyxte with fuger ; but the poorer forte, drinke onelye water. Their beddes are made of Goflfampine 
 cotton, w;lh couerlettes alfo of cotton or fylke. They goe all in generall barefooted excepte the Prieftes. The 
 Kynge <'f ;his cytye, doeth not commytte his wife to the I'riefles to bee deflourcd, as doth the king of Calicut, 
 but to whyte men, as are the chriflians and Turkes. For this office is not conunitted to the Idoloters. But 
 after that the new niaried i|uene hath been thus dellourcd the fyrtl night, yf euer after file doe dillionour 
 ilie Kyng her luifljand, by violaiing the faith made to him, from thcnt efcxjrth neuer to knowe any other 
 ni.ui c.irually, her punillmicnt is death incontinently. Wiien the Kynges or the rriell.es dye, their bodies are 
 laid on a great fyre, anil the allies thereof referued in erthen pottes, putting thereto a ])orcion of falte petre, 
 and buryingc tlie fame in theyr owne hoiifes. While the bodies are buminjj, they cafl into the fyre al 
 kyndes of fwete fliuouring gumnies, and fpices : as Aloe, Frankencenfe, Myrre, Storax, Coralle, fandalles, 
 and fuche other innumerable : In the meaiie tynie blowing triuii])ets and fliawnies, after the nianer of them which 
 auu)ni;e the gentiles were ( anoni/ed inio ye nunibre of the goddes. And within xv. dayes after ye hulbandes 
 death, the wyfe calleth to her all her kinlTolkes, bidding them to a banket : and fo being de<ked with nl iier 
 iiwels, (lie procedeth with them to tlie place where her hufliande was buried, where a graue is redye digged for 
 ' r, lilt Idled about with filken cloili, hauinge in it a fyre made of fwcete wood. When the woman hath 
 tnas fcalUd her kynflolkcs, the eateth much of the herbe called luiohi, wlicrby the is driuen into a niadnes. In 
 ihv^ luciiie wliyle, innuinerable tnimpetters (wearing fui h vcllures as they vfe in the deiiyls fenii( e) go as it were 
 on procellion aboute the graue, while the woman runneth vp and down, daunfiiig continually like a frantike 
 bodie. And thus when the ceremonies are fyniflied, file calleth her felfe headlong into the fyre and graue : 
 and that with no lelVc clicrelulnes then yf Ilie fliould be receaue<l into luauen. And vnlclTe the woman (hould 
 |iciliiiiiio thys cullome, Ilie flmuld iiK iirre inotl vyle iiifaniie, and be a mocking llocke to all her nacion, as one 
 ili.it Iducd not \\vx hulband. liut the common people vfe not thys cuflome : but only the rulers and 
 princes, And therfore the king him felfe is often tymes prefente at thefe folemnities. 
 
 € Of the hingdoins and cities of Fego and Bangella. 
 
 Rom the cytie of Titniit/fcri, to the cytie of />\rn};<i//<t, is. xi. dayes faylinge. This rytie hath a 
 kynge : and the countrey is \ cry friiyteful with great |ileiitie of wheat, tlellie, fuger, ginger, anil 
 gdl'lauipine ( Dtton: and hath therfore very rid) niarchantes. There yearely [lalfeth from this 
 citie I'jitie lliyjipes frayglued wyth golVampine cotton, and fdke clothes; which are caried from 
 thence to the Turkes, Syrians, .\rabians, Perfians, Kthiopians, and Indians. Here are alfo 
 founde certayne Chrillian men haunt men, which come out of Th[e]cmpire of the gn'at C/i<j>n 
 of C<if/i(iy: bringing with them .Moe, C.illoreum and the fwete gumme < ailed /-<?/'cr/'//iiim, with 
 other fwete fauours. In this cytie, the men fpinne and carde and ni.ike i Idtlie, ami not the womenne, From 
 this cytie Eaflwarde, is another great citie called I'ego, beyng lituate by a verye fayrc ryuer. The Kinge of 
 thys cytie, is an Idolater, and luithe innumerable menne of warre, both horl'emenne and footemenne. The 
 Idvle beareth wheate plentifuUye: and bringeth foorth in nianer all kyndes of beafles, and h.itli therfore great 
 aliiuid.umce of llellie, yet are there but ft we I'.lephants : liul of other bealles an<l Ibules, great iiientie as is at 
 Ci/iciit: and fpeciallye of popingiayes, wlii( he are of louder voice then in any other place. There is little 
 ir,iiric(iue or niarchaundife in this regi.m, except iewels and precious Hones, anil Ipeciallye Rubies, called /V'l'//, 
 rthiche .ire broughte thether from the cytie of Cd/^c/iin. 'I'liefe precious ftones Ihyiie fo brighte in the darke 
 nyglite, as thoughe it were the foniie beanies. The countrey adioyning, bringeth lorlh Ltr/ia, SiVi,l,>luin, called 
 fuuulers: .Alio br.ilile, goUampine cotton and fylke. From /'.vi' to the cytie of M,il,icchii (whiche fome call 
 .I/i/;.///,/) is eygh[t]e dayes faylinge: where on the other fyde is fene a great Hand called .S«av,j/;</, otherwife 
 Samotni, and was in time jialle called 'JU[<toh(tiui. This Miikccha, hath a goodly .ind commodious haueii: by 
 reafon wherof, moe fl)ipi>es arriue there then in any other place: bringinge with them fpyces and other 
 niarchaundife in great abuml.iiKe. The region is not generally fruytlul, yet hath it wheat and lleflie: but 
 greate fcarceiielle of wood. 'I'he foules w.iiider in the feldes as they doc in the region of Calicut. Hut the 
 popingiayes ;ire here much fayrer. It bringeth foorth alfo fpices, faiuiders, tiniie, elephantes, horfes, Ihcpe, 
 id fni h other kvndes of bealles. It is not lawfull there to bve and fell, exce 
 
 Ide 
 
 oxen, pe 
 
 oke 
 
 L'pt you bye 
 d fylke. It is alfo there very d.iungerous to walke in the citie in the iiighte feafon, beecaufe of the theft 
 Hid (nielnes of the inh.ibitante'--, v hich kil ime another like dogges. And therfore the ni.uchaund llrauiigers 
 lodge not out of their Ihippes. How the I'ortug.iles fubdued .)/<//./< <//./, Ilialbe faiil hercilter in the deliripcion 
 i>f the ncwe IlaiuKs, 
 
 K 2 <| 
 
 IlciWcsofiillce. 
 I'riestes, 
 
 The quene 
 ilctloiircd of white 
 
 lltVIUIU. 
 
 Ailiiltcri punished 
 wilh ile.itll 
 Ilowc the kinge 
 ia buried. 
 
 ,Mini.,trels. 
 
 The quelle dyeth 
 winiui;ly. 
 
 The hcrl«: /V.V.'Ai. 
 
 Wh.it rrrdulilii- 
 III ive line 111 f.iNc 
 rchiii.iii. 
 
 Iluiv>iir dere 
 
 iMUiilltC. 
 
 I'he ling .ind 
 cilic of lian^tUtt 
 
 Sillie. 
 
 (ThrlKlinn men nf 
 L'jth^iy. 
 
 Tlie citie of IVU'i. 
 
 Ruliies shyning hy 
 
 iiiglit. 
 
 /.<!< 4,t, /.,ii(<t, or 
 
 /.(ti/if, is ye 
 
 {(uiiiiiiu of a tree 
 
 uherewith kilLc it 
 
 o.loreil. 
 
 .l/.i/.i. ,4.1 
 
 Shmntra. 
 
22 
 
 \0f the newe India, as it is knmuen & found, &c^ 
 
 The Ibnc! of 
 Taprobiiiux. 
 
 Men of a hunilrcih 
 y^Tcs uf age. i 
 
 Shcllcs of fishes 
 lor huttscs. 
 
 rircnt pc.irlct. 
 Coyncd ^'ililc nnil 
 silut-r fur iiioiicyc 
 
 Fishc* of 
 iiiiiiistruuA 
 t>igi)e!>!tc. 
 
 /..I.A.I. 
 
 P'-piwr soMe hy 
 
 measure. 
 
 CathAy. 
 
 The Ihm.lnf 
 
 ll.lll'l.U 
 
 The nutmeg tree. 
 
 M.KC 
 
 Ilir Hand ' •• 
 
 C'loues. 
 
 Cli.irlo. \V.iine. 
 pole Ani.iitikc 
 
 Muloten. 
 
 Cainphire j 
 
 € Of the great c mid rychc Ilaudc ^t/" Sumatra, or Samotra, somctyme 
 
 called Taprobana. 
 
 |Omc thinkc tliis Sumatra, to be that Hand which of the old writers is called Taprobana. It is 
 verye great and riihe : and hath in it fourc Kingcs crowned with Diadenics. They are 
 Idolaters: in religion, ninner of lyiiinge, and apparell, not muche vnlyke the Kinge of 
 Tanhifsni. They cxceade all other men in higneffe of bodie. They haue gruye or blewc 
 eyes, and are of rnnllcountenaunce, and terrible voyce. They are long lyued and lyue euen 
 vntyl an hundreth yearcs of age. The fea in certaine chanels is of fiich heigtli and depth, that 
 no anker may come to the bottome thcrof The inhabitantes arc great fyfliers on the fea, and 
 haue great pleafure to take the flicUe fylhe, called the Tortoyfe of the fea: of whidie, fome arc of fuche houdge 
 bignes, that the flielle of one of them may fiiftifc to make a houfe well able to receaue a hole famelie. For 
 fome of them bearc (helles of xv. cubites in length : and are tlieiefore apt for that purjwfe. The mofl part of 
 this Uande is burnte with heate, and hath in it many defolate ])laces and wilderneffcs. There are founde many 
 and greate I'l'arles. l'"or theyr money, they vfe coyned golde, fyluer and tynne. 'I'he golden coyne, hath on 
 the one fy<le a deuils head gnuien, and on the other fyde a chariot which F.lephantes draw. This region 
 briiigeth foorth more jjlentie of I'.lephantes, of greater Aature, and a better broede, then are found in any other 
 place. In the fea about this Ilande, are often tymes fene the great monRrous fyflies, and kynde of Whales, 
 called IJalene, which bring many incommodilies to the inhabitantes. Tiiey are of fuch monRrous bignes, that 
 when they approclie to the Se.i b.inkes, they feeme lyke vnto hylles: they haue rough backes full of fliaqie 
 prickes. And excej't men walke very warely by the fea bankes, they are in daunger to be fodeynly fwalowed 
 \\\ of thefe monRers. Some of them haue fo greate and wyde mouthes, that they fometynus fwallowe whole 
 fliippes witii the men. This countrey bringeth foorthc Lacha, I.acca, or Loita, whicli Reyneth filke and doth 
 in high re<lde or criniifon coloure. It is engeudrcd in a tree, not much vnlyke vnto our waliuit trees. Ther is 
 alfo great ])lenty of jjcpper, higher then is founde in other jilacx's. In their mother tonge jiepper is c.dled 
 J/('/iri,'<7. It is folde there by meafure, ;is wlie.it is willi \s, and not by weight. There is fo great plentie hereof, 
 that there are yearely certayne fliippes laden llierwiili to Calliay, where ye aire is colder. From Sumetra to 
 the Hand of Damla, wiiich is but rude antl barren, and of playne and lowe grounde, whofe inhabitantes are 
 b.irbarous, and little dilVeringc from beaRe-, liaiiing lowe houfes, and no ajiiiarell but fliertes, barefoted and 
 bareheaded, with long heare, of defpicable Rature, dulle wilted, of no Rrength, and Idolaiers. The foyle of 
 this countrey, bringeth forth nothing but nutmegges, aiul a few other fruites. The Ralke or bodi of ye nutmeg- 
 tree, is not much vnlike ye Ralke of a peache tree, bringing forth lyke braunches and leaues, but foinewhat 
 narower. liefore thefe nutis be rype, ye mace crepeth on the tree, lyke a Ilorifliing rofe. And when the luitte 
 waxeth ry]ie, the mate embrafeth it round about. And fo they gather both together in commune, at a tyme 
 appointed: for they vfe no diRribucion thereof, but he that gathereth moR, hath moR. This tree bringeth 
 forth his fruyle plenti'ully -.viihout any arte of hutbandrye or tyllage. They are gathered at fiu h time as we 
 gather cheRiiuttes. Irom this Hand within fixe dayes fayling, is the Hand oi Monocfi, in the which clones are 
 founde, as alfo in other HiMides, tlierto adioyninge. The tree whii he beareth clones, hath his Ralke not much 
 vnlike vnto the boxe tree, with leaues lyke the Cinomome tree, but foinewhat roiiniler. And when the r loues 
 beginne to waxe rype. tiiey beate the trees with redes, fpreding f)\(i couerlettes or mattes vntler ye fame. The 
 grounde where thefe trees grow, is of ye colour of cleye or fand. This region is fituate fo low, that ye feuen 
 Rarres tailed Sif/tiiliioiics (being not farre from Vrfa niaior, called diaries wayne) can not there be fene, 
 bccaufe ye fouth pole (calle<l pole Antarti'.e) appeareth aboue the earth. 
 
 € Of file Ilande of Borne/'. 
 
 lie Hand of iiornci (which fome call Pome) is diRant from Afonoch fiftie Icagcs. The inhabi- 
 tantes are Idolaters, very (|iiick wilted, and of maner of lining not greatly to be difcommemled. 
 Thei vfe not al one k>n<le of apiiarell Some weare Ihertes of goflampine cotton, fome 
 beaRes fkinnes, and fome high cajipes lyke myters, of re(Ule colour. This Hand bringeth 
 forth )e,iiely great jilentie of Cani/'/u>ni, called caniphyre, whiche they afiirme to be the 
 guinnie of :i cirtayn tree. Of this ilande I wil fpeake tnore hereafter in the nanigacions 
 tow.ird the l-'.aR partes. 
 
\pf the newe India, as it is kiioweu & found, &c\ 23 
 
 ctyme 
 
 <obana. It is 
 ;s. They are 
 the Kinge of 
 roye or Mewe 
 ind lyue cuen 
 1(1 (k'i)th, tliat 
 n the fca, and 
 fiiche houdge 
 famclie. For 
 ; mod ])art of 
 fouiide many 
 jyne, hath on 
 This region 
 1 in any other 
 le of Whales, 
 i bignes, that 
 full of fliarpe 
 nly fwajowcd 
 allowe whole 
 ko and cloth 
 CIS. Ther is 
 >|)er is called 
 ileiitie hereof, 
 n Sumetra to 
 abitaiites are 
 larefoted and 
 The f())le of 
 )f ye mitmeg- 
 Hit foniewhat 
 len the nutte 
 at a tynie 
 ree hringeth 
 
 I lime as we 
 li clones are 
 ve not much 
 
 II the floiies 
 
 I'.une. "I'he 
 
 liat )e ftiien 
 
 cie be fene, 
 
 The inhabi- 
 ommeiuled. 
 <)tl()n, fome 
 nd bringeth 
 ' to be the 
 natn'gacioiia 
 
 C Of the Hand of Giann. 
 
 lie Hand of Gyaiut, is diftant from lloina. v. d.iyes fayliiig towarde the foiith. This Hand is 
 fo great, yat it contcineth in it many kingdoms: ye inhabitantes ar geuen to idolatri. It \ 
 bringeth forth filke, which of it felfc groweth there i)lentifiillye in the wooddes. The precyous j 
 flone called Smaragdus (which is ye true Kmerode) is found there more excellent, then in any 
 other place of the wodde. It hath abundaunce of golde and ( opper of the befl kynd. The 
 foyle beareth wheat and other come, with al kindes of fruites in great plentie. When the 
 men of this countrie goe to the fea, theyr weapons are bowes, and arrowes of redes. They 
 vie alio to infect theyr arrowes with venime, and to blowe them oute of a tninke as we doe pellets of claye: 
 with the which yf they drawe neucr fo little bloud, jjrefente death foloweth imme(lia[t]lye. They haue alfo this 
 cudonie, that when they fee theyr ])arentes by reafon of age to be vn])ri)fuable, they bring them to the market 
 towne, and there fell them to the [jeople called Aiithropophat:;!, which eat mens tlelhe, of whom they are incon- 
 tinently flayne, and eaten. The fame doe they with the yonger forte alfo, yf ihey fall into any defperate difeafe. 
 
 €1 Of the I In ltd of I ana. 
 
 Here are two Ilandcs of thys name, as laua the more and laua the lelTe. The biggefl 
 reacheth fortli towaril the South, and is fayd to haue in it many kingdoms. The 
 inhabit.mtes are Idolaters and haue a peculier language. In this Hand is greate plentie 
 of j)epper, Nuttemegges, Spikenarde, Galangale, and other Ipices. Mani marchauntes of 
 other countreies nre wont to reforte thcther, and geat great riches by ye fpices which 
 they carie from thenfe. In this Hand alfo are people called Anthropophagi, which are 
 wont to eate mens ileflie. 
 
 C Of the Hand of ^\:^(\:i^i\^c:ir. 
 
 His Hand is count- d to be one of the greatefl and rychefle Ilandes of the worlde. The 
 inhabitantes are of .M.dnimets fecte as are the Turkes. It bringeth forth many Klephantes, 
 by reafon wherof there is greate [)!''ntie of luerye which is the I'",lephantes tothe. I'or it 
 is thought that there is no greater plentie of luerie, then in this Hand .iml in the Hand of 
 CuzHhI. They eate the tlelhe of none otiier beafles, but onely of Camels, becaufe the Ilande 
 is full thereof, and alfo that it is founde to be more holefome for the people of that 
 countrey then any other tleflie. There are alfo in this Hand many woddes that bringe 
 foorth redde landers, for the which many niarihauntes lefort tliether. In the fea about this Hand, great 
 whales are taken, out of the which amber is gathere<l. There are lions, leopardes, hartes, hyndes, goates, and 
 tuany other bcalles and foules, by reafon whereof, they vfe niuche haukinge and huniinge. 
 
 C Of the Hand of Zanzibar. 
 
 He Ilande of Z.mzibar, hath a peculier Kinge and language. The inhabitantes ar;' idolaters, 
 and are of grolTe and lliorte llature : but yf theyr hcygth dyddir aunfwere to theyr tint keiieffe 
 and breailth, they mighte feme to be giauntes. They are all bi.u ke, and goe naked, 
 onely touering tiieyr pryuie partes. The heare of theyr heades, is meraeyloudyc corlde. 
 They li.uie greate moiiihes, nofethrilles tlyrtting xjiwarde and wyde, with great eares 
 aiul truell eyes. Theyr women are deformed by reafon of theyr greate eyes, greate niouthes, 
 and greite nofethrilles. They liue wi'h milke, lleflhe, ryce, and liales. They lacke wyne : 
 
 yet they make a pleafaunt drinke of ryce, fuger, and other fpices. Many marchauntes reforte thether for yuerie 
 
 and Amber, for there is greate plentye of Klephantes and greate whales. 
 
 SillvC Rrowcth in 
 
 u< H (dcs. 
 
 'i he sni.ir.ig<K: ur 
 
 cnicroile. 
 
 (io'dc and coppcl 
 
 Arrnucs of rcdcs 
 
 Arrowes infected 
 uilh vetiiilic. 
 A slr.mgc 
 eustoine. 
 
 Spycci 
 
 M.^h^l^lcti^lc^ 
 
 Kleph.mtcN. 
 
 luerie 
 
 ■Ih<- ll.vnd ..f 
 
 Clinels Ile>lie 
 c.ilen. 
 
 Wnaclcnf rc.W« 
 !-.ici.lers. 
 Wh.iles 
 Atiilrer. 
 
 I.ions, and 
 L.copanie». 
 
 HittKe nien <if 
 luw suture. 
 
 People deforilied 
 
 Ryce .inii ? > ife*. 
 Drinke of ^pi'-t.A 
 Amiivr. 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 mmmmm 
 
 24 
 
 [G/ the newe India, as it is kiiowen & found, &c.] 
 
 \\'*)\\» 
 
 The {^xrM Ch.im 
 of larljn 
 
 Famous citlcn 
 vndtr ihe greate 
 Cli.tm. 
 
 Manye wyucv. 
 Wh.ii n.iti)r.in 
 alTvctiuii may doc 
 
 A ^t range 
 cu'itiiiiie 
 
 The people of 
 Cattuiy. 
 
 ldu.'>to«rv 
 
 irmey ofpai-cr 
 
 The Hand uf men. 
 
 The IlaiiJ . 
 wmicn. 
 
 ChiUluiM 
 
 C Of the f7i'0 Ihindcs, in one of the 7ohich dicell onely men, and in the 
 
 other onely iconien. 
 
 ^ the mayne fen, tlicre arc \.\\o llandi-s, dillaiitc tlic one from the other aboute. viiij. or. ix. 
 leagcs towaril the fouth, fitiiate lictvvcne tlic cytie of././.// and Ciiliciit. In one of llie wliich 
 (Uvel onely men without the company of women, and is called the Ilande of men. And in 
 the other dwell onely women, without men, and is (ailed the Ilande of women. They 
 are Chrillians and contract niatrimonie. The women neuer come to the Ilande of men, hut 
 the men are a< 1 ullomed tfi vyfyte the women once in the yeare, and tarye witli them 
 thre monethes ( nntinually, euery man with his ownc wife in his owne hcnife : alter wliii h time 
 they returnc agayn to [t]her ownc Ilande, where they remayne all the ycre after. The women kepc the 
 men chihlren with them vntyll they bee .\v. yeares of age, and then fen<l them to thcyr fathers. The 
 women haue nought els to do, but to take charge of their children, and to gather certayne fruites. Dut 
 the men labour and haue care how they may fynde theyr wyfc and i Iiyldren. They are exi.Tcyfed in 
 fyfliing, anfl fell f) Ihes both newc taken and olde dryed, to inarchaunte Uraungers, whereby they receaue 
 great commoditicii. 
 
 C Of the greate Enipyre of Cathay, being vnder the dominion of the great 
 Cham f7i>hiehc fome call the great Can) Emperonre of Tartaria, /// 
 
 olde tymc called Scythia. 
 
 He fupcriour or high India, whichi- is nowc called Cii//iii\\ is a region cxrcdinge large and 
 of greate power, whofe Kmperour is ye great Cham of Ttirtaria, hauinge vnder him many 
 I'rouinres, j)eo]ile and I'rinces, and innumerable llandes in the great lutll fea, called 
 the greate Ocan. He hath vnder his dominion great and famous cities, as are thefc : 
 Camhi/u, Quciujuiiiixfii, Mien, Cacaiifu, Ciuif;/ii, Tadin/ii, Tiiii^ui. and dyucrs other. Among 
 the people of this countrey, one man hath manye wyues, whit he declare theyr loue to 
 their hulban<les after this fort. When the hulband is dead, euery one of his wiues 
 pleaile their caufe before a iudge, to i>roue which of them was moll louing to her hulliand and befle beloued of 
 him ; fo yat Ihe which by the fentence of the iudges is found to haue been moll faythful and diligente, decketh 
 her felfe mode gorgioufly in all her fumptuous araye, and procedeth like a Vinij^o ftoutly and cherefully to the 
 fire, where the corps of her inilLande was burnte, cadinge her felfe into the fame fyre, embraling and kilfing the 
 dead bodi of her 'nir)and, \nl\ll Ihe alfo be coiifumcil iiy the fyre, whiche file n^piiteth for an hono'.irable 
 fejiulture : whereas his otlier wyues are elleined to lyue in lliame zvX infamie. They ioyne in mariagc, neyther 
 in ref])ect of riches or nobilite, but onlyc for loue and beauiie : and rather for ye encreafe of polleritie, then for 
 pleafure. There is alfo another (Iraunge cuflomc among thefe Indians : and yat i.s, that whereas the 
 poorer fort are not able to geue any dowry with theyr dougluers to mariage, they bringe them forth, eueii in ye 
 floure of their age to ye market place, with trum|)ettes and fuch other inllrumcntes as they vfe in the warres. 
 Where, the multitude bcynge called together, the m.aydcs fyrlle of all, difcouere theyr lucke partes, euen vp to 
 the flioiiUler.s, and afterward iheyr forepartes in lyke maners. And v|)on this declaring their pouertic and 
 nakednes, are niaried to fuch as lyke tlicm bell. This i)eople of dtthay, are of the nacii.n ol them 
 which in tynie jiafl were calleil Sni/iiiins, a kind of men (as fiiili Haitlw) of fubtill wyt : affyrming that 
 onely they fee with two eies, an<l that all other men befyde them are blind of the one ey'.\ Theyr quickencs or 
 wiite is great, but their boalling is more. The hole nacioii is jierfwaded tliat they greilly ex<el all other men 
 in fubteltie of wit and knowledge. The inhabitantcs are wliyte men, with fmall eyes, withoute beardcs, 
 and vtterly voydt of all godly knowjeilge. For fome of them pray to the funiie, foiiie to the monc, 
 fome to Images, foine t(j an o.xe, and fome to other nionllers of theyr |iliantafli( .ill iiiperllicion. They haue no 
 law written, and are of no faith. And albeit that in workonianfliip and artes they are luanieylous wyttie, 
 yet haue they no knowledge of dyuine or godly ihiiiges. It is a timorous kynile of men, and greatly fearinge 
 death. An:l are therefore in theyr warres, more politike then valient. In the warres, they vfe arrowes, and 
 certayne other kyndes of wea|)ons vnknowen to men of other coiintreis. The monie which they vfe, is made of 
 a ccrta)ne paper, beeiiige fuiire l'(|Uare, with ye Kiiiges yiiiage printed theron. Theyr houfnolde fluffe is 
 
\0f the newe India, as it is knoiven & found, &c.] 
 
 25 
 
 of golde and fyliicr and other metals. Tlicy haue greate fcarcenes of oyle. The great Knipcrour of Cctthay, 
 keepeth his coiirte in the richc and iiiightic cytie called Camhilii, Iieing the chefed ritie of all tlie Kmpyro, and 
 of fiirh greatnefie that it conteyneth in rirniite fixe leages. This citie is foiire fciuarc, fo that ciiery <iiiadratiire 
 or fyde of the wall, liath in it thre jirincipa! |)ortes or gates. Alfo in all the 1 orners of the walles, are veri faire 
 palaces, in which the artillery or amiure of the cytie is rcfenied. The llretes are made very flreyght and right 
 forth: fo that from any one gate to the other beinge directly ouer againd the fame, a man may fe plainly 
 through the cytie, haning ye lioufes on euery fyde lyke jialaces, placed in goodly ordrc, moll heautifiiU to 
 behold. \Vithout the cytie, there are tweliie great fubiirbos, adherent to the. xii. gates of ye cytie, whether the 
 marchaiintes and flraungers, haue their continual recourfe as to ye biirfe or lUete. It can not be fpoken what 
 great abundaunce of marchaundife and riches is brought to [t]his citie : a man wold ihinke that it were fulVicient 
 to feme all the worlde. Precious flones, pearles, filke, and fpices of dyuers kindes arc brought thether, 
 from InJiii and Miiiii^i, and other regions. There palTclh not a dnye in the yeare in whii h there are not about a 
 thoufand wa\nes l.iden witli filke whi< h are brought to this ritie by lUaunge marchauntes. A\'hat greate ponipCj 
 glory, and fornituru of all ihinges, is oliferued in tlv.' F.niperours ciiurte, it can not be fpoken. He hath 
 in his courle twehie thoufand horfemen, whiche haue the cullodie of his body : and diflribute their 
 way tinge dayes after this order, yat whereas one of ye ta|)taynes of this garifon with his thre thoufand fouldiers 
 hath wayted vpon the kinges i)erfonnc, three dayes, another captayne in lyke order wyth as nianye 
 mcnne fuccedeth in hys rowiue for other three dayes, ami lykewyfe an other after hyni, executethe the 
 fame offyce. When the Eniperoure niaketh anye bankette, it cannot be faid what great jionipe is 
 obfemed. He hath fytting at his lefte hand his chefeR (jucne whom he mod ellemeth : and at his 
 right hand hys fonnes, and fuche as are of the kinges bloud : but thei fyt fomwhat lower and further of 
 The other nobl.- men which wayte not, fytte in a place yet foniewhat lower. ,\11 fuch as in the court fyt 
 at meat, vie none other drinking cuppes then of gold. The Princes whiche wayte on the Kniperoure at 
 hys mcate, haue all theyr niouthes couered with fync lllken clothes, leall in any cafe they ihould blow or 
 breath on the kinges nieate or drinke. And when the I'.inperour lifteth vp his cup to drinke, al the muficions 
 and minflrels that Ibmd about him, jil.iye on theyr inflrunientes, while in the meane time all fuche as wayte on 
 hym, lloupe downe and make lowe curtefie. How great hoimure is exhibited to this F.mperour, and howe many 
 precious and riche jjrefentes are oftVed vnto him by his Princes, Dukes, I.cauetenauntes and prefy<lentes 
 of prouinces, and rulers of cities, no man is able to cxprel'fe, Ibrafmuche as he hath vnder him in maner 
 innumerable Kingdomes, Prouinces, Nacions and Dominions, which are on euery fyde about Cathay, and 
 acknoweledge him to be theyr onelye I.orde and King, whimi they honoure and rcucrcnce as a great (loil 
 and niighti M.ihumet. In what i)onipe and triumph.int nugnificence hj llieweth him felf when he goeth 
 to hauke or hunt, and how many tentes he iiit< heth in the felde, whi( h being fene a fane of, a man 
 would thinke to be a gieate cytie, he that defyreth to knowe, let him reade /'</////« Vcnrfiis, in the fecond 
 I. like of hys nauigacions into Iiuiia, where he Ihal fuid thini_'os to marucyl at. In Cathay they make a plealaunt 
 drinke uf ryce anil certayne fpyces, which in drinking excelleth the fwetenes of wine. In many places they haue 
 great lacke of wood : In the fteile whcrof, they digge out of the mountaynes a certnyn kinde of blacke flone 
 whii he burne in the fyre like coles, and continue fo long, that yf they be kyndled ouer night, they kepe 
 fyre vnto the morning. 
 
 C Of ccrtainc Pyoiiinccs and regions fitbicct vndcr the dominion of the 
 greate Cham Empeyour of Q-\i\\:Ky, 
 
 Here pafleth through the king<lom o{ Cathay, a certayne greate ryiier called Pulifathiiites, which 
 emptieth it felfe in the great Ocean Sea, by the whii he ryuer, Ihypjics haue their jialTage 
 into that laiule. Ouer this ryuer is a very fayre bridge of marble, beyng in length three 
 h\mdreth pafes, and in breadth, cyghte pafes, with, x.xiii. arches, and grauen Lions on euery 
 fyde, adourning the layles or highell maruentcs of the fame. From hence it is not farre to 
 the fayre and greate kin,i;ilom uf Jainfii. in the which are many goodli \)nes. For in the 
 kin};doni of C'i;///iM' there gnuvelh im w)ne, but is brought thetlur from this region. In this 
 kingdonie is gre.ite vfe of man haund) fe, anil hath [ilentie of conning artificers, fo that al the armure which the 
 great Chun vfeth in his warrcs, is made there. Toward the region of Ma>ij,'i, is fituatc the ryuer Canwwram, 
 whiche f)r the greate breadth and depth, hath no bridge. In this region is greate .diundaunce of dinger, filke, 
 byrdes, and I'pei i.dlye Phefantes. Somewhat beyonde this, is the great cytie of Qiitiiiiiiinafu, beynge the chief 
 cytie of the lame kingdome. In this region are founde many mufKccattes. This beall in this countreye, is 
 
 (ntlile .ind Syliiir. 
 
 Ttif cytie of 
 CaiHlttlu. 
 
 .M.utli.indyjc. 
 
 I rccinii» stonc5 
 .nri.l s|-yccs. 
 Note. 
 
 The kiiic ..r 
 C".iM.yTiis court 
 
 The Ouciic. 
 
 OolJcn jilate. 
 Worlilly jlury. 
 
 \ liuing I.I..I. 
 
 P.mlus Vrnctus 
 
 Prinkcitf rice and 
 spyccs. 
 
 I>iHgcd co!c 
 
 A src-Uc lilttlgc o( 
 ni-irlilc. 
 
 The kiiiijd.mio ..f 
 Tiuufu. 
 
 Coniiyiigiirtilii crs 
 
 (•iril-cr. 
 
 rhc nlu^l.c »..itlB. 
 
 m « »jin»i 
 
26 
 
 \Pf the newe India, as it is knowen & found, &c\ 
 
 
 Sivet or muskc. 
 
 March.tnilysc. 
 
 Salte. 
 
 Sylke. 
 
 Uolll ofgol.lc. 
 
 Ryce. 
 
 vl M [six 
 thousand] bridges 
 uf iloiie. 
 
 The Krcat citic nf 
 
 (^lihisiti. 
 
 jiij. M. [twelve 
 
 thmisaiul) brtdgc!> 
 
 of !»tone. 
 
 Artificers. 
 Marchuunlcs. 
 
 Common 
 bankctinge houM 
 
 A Rood proiiysion 
 
 agaiiiste fyrc. 
 
 Flesh of horses 
 
 eaten. 
 
 A prouision 
 
 against rebellion. 
 
 Anthropi'pluxjii. 
 
 Hcnnes haiiingc 
 heari! in the slede 
 
 of fclhcta. 
 
 'ITie A.iy from 
 Persia to Cathay, 
 
 The cytic of I.ol . 
 
 The iorncy by > ; 
 descries. 
 
 btltcr uMlcis. 
 
 but lyttle and fayre, aboute the bigncH'f o" a incane cattc, with grolle licare lyke a harte, hauinge blunte clawes 
 on his fete, witli two lonye teeth in tlie vpjjcr iawe, and two in the nelher iawe; and liath nere vnto the nauell 
 a bladder full of a certayne matter like vnto bloud, being of wonderful fragrant fauoure, and is the true 
 mu(ke. 
 
 C Of I he Prouince (7/"Mangi, and mcrucylous cytics contcyncd in the fame. 
 
 He I'roiiinre of J/i/z/^v', hath in it many notable and j;reat cities, in the whiche is great exercyfe 
 of marclLUindyfe: and fpeeially in the ciiie of Coni^^ixiii^iiiy is folile great plcntie of fait. In 
 the tytie q{ Panclii. there is great fale of filke. In the cylie oi Siivifu, is made great plcntie 
 of clothes ofgoldeand fiike. in the cytie ^S'/>/,i,7// is a famous market where great abundance 
 of marchaundife is brought by the ryuer. Nere vnto the citie of Ciiix't/i, groweth plentic of 
 blaile and r)ce, that it is carieil from thence to the court of the greate Cham. In ye citie of 
 .Siiixui, are numbretl to be about fi.xe thoufande i)ridges of flone, hauinge fo highe arches, that 
 greate fliijjpes maye paffe vnder the fame without bowing down of the mart. There is another citie called 
 (Jiti/i/iii, which is fo fayre and great, that there is thought to be no bigger in al the worlde. It conteyneth in 
 circuite, a hundreth Italien miles, which make. .\.\v. leagcs. It hath twelue thouliinde bridges of ftone, and thofe 
 fo highe that greate fliippes wiUi the made (landing vp right, maye pafle vnder. This cytie is fituate in a mariflfhe 
 ground, muche lyke vnto venes. Therfore if they fliould lack britlges, they could not paffe ouer from the one 
 fyde of the (Ireete to the other. It hath innumerable artificers and many marchauntes. The cytezins lyue 
 pleafanlly, anil fpecially the women, which are fayrer then in other partes of /m/iii. Toward the .South fyde of 
 the cytye, there is a great lake or poole within ye walles of the cytie, whiche conteyneth in circuite about, viii. 
 leages, hauinge about the bankes therof many noble mens houfes, very fayre both without and within. In the 
 middellc of this lake, there are two litle Ilandes and in euery of them a goodly palace, in ye which are referued 
 al fuche ornamentes and veffels as they vfe for theyr mariages and folemne feafles, for wliereas any of the 
 cytezins entende to make any great banket, or feafl, they bring theyr gefles to one of thefe palaces, where they 
 are honorably enterteined. In the llretes of ye citie, are certaine comon towres, into ye which, al fuch as 
 dwell neare therto, carie theyr gooiles and flulfe, yf it fo chaunre, yat fyre be in the citie. The inhabitantes 
 are Idolotcrs: and eate the tlelbe of horfes and camels, and of other vnclene beaflcs. The great Cham hath in 
 this cytie a myghtie garifon to the intente to auc;, i c rebellion, thefte and murther. For on euery britlgc there 
 waytcth dayly and nightlje. x. watchmen for the fame purijofe : and becaufe the Prouince of Man^i is cxceding 
 large, the great Cham hath deuyded it into nyne Kingdomes, alligninge vnto euery one a peculier Kynge : 
 whiche are al of greate powTe, and yet fubiecte to the greate Ciiam. One of them dwelleth in the citie of 
 Qiiin/iii. In thys Prouince of Mangi, is an other Kyngdomnie, called Kugui, in whiche the ])eo|ile eate mannes 
 flefflie, fo that they dye not of any difeafe. They tlrinke the bloud ami eate the fleflie of fuch as are flayne in 
 ye warres. There are hennes found in this region, which in the llede of fethers, haue heare much lyke cattes 
 heare of blacke colour: And laye very goode egges. 
 
 C Of the region of Tangut, and of the great desertes, and voyces of deuyllcs 
 hcarde in the same, and of the Salamandra. 
 
 |Rom the Kingdome of Perfia, there are two iourneyes to the region of Cathay. For 
 cither the fouth fiile muft be obfenied towarde Iiniia, or elles to paffe by the prouinces 
 of Carcham, Cotam, and Peim, Northeaflwarde to the citie of /a>/>, bcynge the greatell 
 and moll notable (ytie in all that region, lying betwene the Kafl and the North at the 
 entrauncc at the great defert. In this cytie, al fuche marchauntes, as cntcndc to paffe 
 the defertes, make preparacicu for all thinges neceffarye for their yourneye : And rell in the 
 fame, vntill they arc well prouided of llrong affes and camels to carye there vitayles. 
 .\nil when in ye defert their vitayles begin to fayle them, they kyl their affes or leaue them there in the 
 wylderncs, becaufe they can no jnnger prouide them of paftiire, vnlyll they haue paffed ouer the deferte. 
 Hut they preferue theyr camelles, beecaufe they are fulleyned wyth leffe meate, and beare greater burthens. 
 In this deferte are often tymes founde bylter waters : but more often freflhe and fweete waters : fo that 
 in maner euerye daye for the fpace of thyrtye ilayes, a man maye fynde frefilie water, but that in fo 
 lyttle c{uantitie that it docth not fulhce al the marchauntes whiche i)affe that waye together. That 
 
[0/ the neive India, as it is kiwwen & found, &c.] 
 
 VJ 
 
 inte clawes 
 ) the naucll 
 is the true 
 
 ^, fame. 
 
 .Mt exercyfc 
 of fait. In 
 ;aat plcntie 
 : abiinilance 
 h itlentiu of 
 ■\ yt; citie of 
 arches, that 
 citie called 
 intcyneth in 
 u, and thofe 
 n a marifflie 
 cm the one 
 ^tezins lyuc 
 )uth fydc of 
 : about, viii. 
 lin. In the 
 are referued 
 any of the 
 where they 
 , al fuch as 
 inhabitantes 
 ham hath in 
 imdge there 
 ■ is exceding 
 ilier Kynge: 
 the citie of 
 L'ate nianncs 
 re llayne in 
 1 lyke cattes 
 
 dcityllcs 
 
 liU/iay. For 
 le prouinces 
 
 the greatell 
 ^orth at the 
 ide to paffe 
 id rell in the 
 ere vitaylcs. 
 there in the 
 
 tlie deferte. 
 cr burdiens. 
 ers ; fo that 
 t that in fo 
 ether. That 
 
 deferte is veryc full of mountaynes. And when you are come to the lowe and playn ground, the rcfidue 
 of the iourney is all together by the (imdes : it is throughout baren and faluage, fo that it is not aide to nouriflie 
 any beafles for lacke of paflure. In this wilderncs arc often tymes heard and fene, as well by d.iye as by night, 
 fundrie illufions of euyl fi)iritcs. And therefore fuche as trauayle throughc the fame, haue nede to take great 
 hede leafl they diffeuer or depart farre in fundre, or leafle any linger bchynde his companie, afwel for that he 
 may hereby lofe the fight of them by reafon of mountaynes or hilles, lyinge bcetwene, as alfo bi.caufe 
 there are heard voyccs of deuyls, calling them that wander alone, by theyr proper names, conterfeyting 
 the voyces of theyr companie that goeth beefore, by this meanes withdrawing them from the right waye, 
 and bringinge them to dellniccion. There is often tymes heard in the ayre, as it were a noyfe of muficall 
 inftrumentes : but more often like the founde of drumfindes or timbrels. This great defert being pafied ouer, 
 they come to the rytie called Siiifiion, which is fituate in the enteraunce of the greate i rouince of Tain^ut, where 
 amonge certayne .Mahumelilles, are found a ftwe Chrillian men called Nejloriani of the fecte of A'fjloritis. 
 Tiiere are alfo manye Idoloters, hauinge theyr monafleries confecrated to dyuers Idols, to which they 
 offre many facrifices and attribute greale honor to deuyls. And when a man hath a fonne borne, he 
 forthwith commendeth him to fome Idol, in whofe honoure he nouriOieth a ramme al that yeare, which 
 after that his fonne be twelue monethes olde, at the nexte fealle of the fame Idoll, he and his fonne 
 olTre widi many ceremonies, ^\■hcn this oblacion is finiflied, thei bringe the (iicrifu ed fleihe to a place 
 appoynted, where al his kinfTolkes being gathered together they eate that llelhe with great religion, and 
 kepe the bones reucrently in a certayn veflell : but in the funeralles of the dead they vfe thefe ceremonies and 
 fuperflicions. Al the neighbors of the dead, prouyde that the dead corps be burned : which cuUome all 
 the people of the l''.afl p.iries do obfenie. Yet fome of them kepe ye dead bodye by them cert.iyne 
 dayes beefore they burne it : As fume, feuen dales : fome for the fpace of a moneth and fome fixe 
 monethes, preparing for tiie fame a clofe chefle, fo inuoluinge with cereclothe, and pouderinge with fpyces the 
 bodye therein inclofed, that no euyll fauoure maye jwAe foorth. Thys done, they jiaynte the chefle very 
 curioullye, and couer it with a precious clothe, jilacinge theyr dyninge table harde by the fame, where they 
 dyne continually as long as the dead bodie is thus referued at home. And in the dyner tyme for the 
 fjiace of one hole houre, ihey fette wyne and meat vpon the chefle, fui)|>oring the foule of the <lead bodye 
 to be partaker of the fame. The Region of 7('///i,7//, is verye large, and conteyneth in it many priuate 
 I'louinces, as the Prouince of Camilla of Cinchital, and Sticfiiir, wyth dyuerfe fayre Cyties, whiche are all 
 Subiecte and obeye to the great Cham of ditlhiy. Some of the iiih.ibitantes beleue in Mahumet : fome 
 acknoivledge Chrifle after the herefye o{ Nijlorius. In ihc Kind of C/iiiu/iila/, is a Mountayne oute of the whyche 
 is dygged the myne of flele and Audanici, There is alfo founde the Serpente called Sit la ina mini, whi< h 
 lyueth in the fyre wythoute any hurte. Of the heare of this ferpeut, is made a certayne cloth, which 
 being cad in the fyre when it is foule, is thereby made cleane and very white if it remaine there for ye f[).ace of 
 an houre. Such other innumerable and marueilous tninges, writeth J'aidus uaicliis that he hath fene and 
 founde in his nauigacions into thefe i)artes ; of whom alfo I haue gathered thus niuchc, lettinge paffe 
 manye other thinges whereof he fpeaketh more at large. 
 
 € Here endcth tlie defcripdon of the Nauigacions 
 
 from Spaync to the ne^ve India Eaflward, 
 
 and foloivcth 
 
 Of the nezce Ilandcs and India found in the Wejl Ocean fea, 
 
 from Spayne U'cJliL'ard and Soiithwefle. 
 
 UltiKlnni or euyl 
 spiritci 
 
 Voices of deuylt. 
 
 Strniince noi&et 
 in tilt; .lyre. 
 
 The citie of 
 
 SitchioH. 
 
 Chri^ti.ms 
 
 of the hcresie 
 
 ui S*-sti>riui. 
 
 Miiiiastcrics (if 
 
 Id.,l..lirs. 
 
 A strange cusiuiiie 
 
 Ceremonies in 
 funura't 
 
 A RroMe .Tnd 
 v.iync (itrswasion 
 
 Tlie region fif 
 Malminctisles. 
 
 Slele. 
 Sulamtinifra, 
 
 I'tiuim Vriti-iHt 
 
 t 
 
 17 
 
 ■MmMMM*)^ 
 
 S «l ' i .» il' "» ' .; •mimffftiif'9' 
 
mmmm 
 
 38 
 
 ■i 
 
 t Of the newc India, 
 
 and Ilanclcs in the West Occim Sea, 
 
 how, w hen, and by whom they 
 
 were found. 
 
 (\'/it/rtrtn. 
 
 /i>/lttn'tii' 
 
 ///.!/ J «rt or 
 
 < iold fur drill 
 iinit glasw;. 
 
 The kiiii; "f ihe 
 ll.n'l. 
 
 hytdini; wilhoiil 
 the vse uf Inii). 
 
 (Ircal fiilfrpriscs 
 h:(Vi; cU'.r btfii 
 rHiiiit<.->i 
 l)h.llll.(^ti(.'.lll. 
 
 'J he fvr-st vi.ige 
 of i'ltristtfpftornl 
 Ct*tnmt'Hi. 
 
 The ll.intjes 
 cilk-a CiJes. 
 The Ibiutes cf 
 
 ffrijlopfioiiis Cdiiinbiis, a fJcntloinan of Italic, and home in the 
 ( ilic of (icnua, when lie liad been longe conuerfaunt in the Kyng 
 of Spaynes tourte, he applyed hys niynde to fearchc vnknowen 
 paries (if the worlde. And for his better furtheraunce herein, 
 made liunible pe xion to the kinj^e, to ayde liim in tliis his 
 enterprjfe, 'vhich doubtleffe Ihuulde redownde to his great 
 honour, .iiiu no htlle conunochtie to all the liole coiintreye of 
 Spayne, yf by his lielpe and charges, he might fynde new regions, 
 liut the Kinge anil (Juene laiigiied liini to fcorne, faying : that 
 his yniaginacion wasbut vayne and jihantallitall. At the length, 
 eyght yeares be\ nge |iassed ouer, and Coliimlms (lyll perfdlinge 
 in his purpofe and lute, the Kyng began to gene eare to liia 
 talke, and after nuithe reafoninge and ilebating of the matter, 
 determined to trie the witle oi tiie manne. .And there vpon 
 eommaiuided a foyll and two hngantines to be furnillied with 
 all kynde of ordmaunce and vitalyes : which being pre- 
 jiared, the fyrll of September, in the yere of Chrill 149 J, Coliimlnis departed from the coafles of .Spayne, and 
 wente forwarde in his viage longe defyred. .\nd when he h.id palfed the Ilandes called Gai/rs, he diuerted 
 toward the fortunate Mamies called Infiihc Fi'itiiini/ic, wliic h are now calleil Caiiariu', beiaufe they are full of 
 dogges. They were in time pall called fortunate, for the excelkiite temperatenes of the ajre, and greate 
 fniytefulnes. Coliiwbus departinge from heiife, fayled t(jwarde the W'efle, and at the length foiiiule cert.nyne 
 llaiules, of the whiehe two were \ery greate, wherof the yne he called lUfpaihi, and the other h>lianiia. 
 
 € Of the f7i'o I/niidcs lohanna mid Ilifpana. 
 
 p.S Cohdiibus came to the Ilande whidie he called lohaniKi, he heanle a menicylmis fwccte noyfe 
 (jf innumerable byrdes, and efjjeciallyeof Nightingaleswhiche wandred in the thicke wooddes 
 in the Moneth of Nouenibre. He founde alfo moofle fayre Ryuers, fwete to drinke, and many 
 goodly hanens. .And as he fayled by the culles of the Il.mde Houthwelle warde, and coulde 
 fynd no eiide, he thought it had been the niayne l.ind, and therfore determyned to drawe 
 backe, biing partly enforled by roiighnes of the fea: and thus returning fonie what I'aflward, 
 he came to an Hand whiehe heafierwarde called /////(?;/(/, where arriiiing to the land, he and 
 his companye was fene of the Inhabitantes of the Hand, which fotleinly (led into the thicke woodes: whom the 
 Spanyardes purfewinge. toke a womanne whonic they brought to theyr fliii)i)e, entreatinge her verye gentillye, 
 fyllinge her with deli<ate ineates and wyne, an<l clothing her in fayre apparel, and fu let her dejjart: for thei goe 
 naked, and are not \ led to delii ales. .And as this womanne returned to her conipanie, fome beyng moued by 
 the 1) beralitie declared vnto her, came by greate multitudes to the fea bankes, bringinge goldc w ith them, which 
 they chaunged for earthen pottes, and drinkinge glal'fes. Thus a further freiidfliip by this nieanes contracted, 
 the Spanyardes begomie more diligently to learche theyr mailer of lyuinge anil nianers, and fo vnderflofle that 
 they had a king. .And tlierel'ure entering further into the ll.ind, they were honorably rei e)ued of the king. The) 
 vewyde their houfes. and inerueyled to fee them fo bylded without the vie of Iron, which they are vtterly without: 
 in the Itede whereof they vfe a certeyn llone, wherwith the cut and fawe theyr timbre. 
 
[0/ the newe India, ami Ilandes in the IVest Ocean Sea^ &c\ 
 
 29 
 
 € Of the people called Canibalcs or Anthropophagi, iL'hich are accujlonicd 
 
 to cate mans flcjlic. 
 
 |IIcras the people of the forenamed Ilandcs, fled at the fight of our menne, the caufe thf cof 
 was, that tlicy (ufpectcd them to haue been Cttiiihils, that cruel and fearfe peojjle whir' eate 
 mans llelhe, which nai ion our men had oucr|)afl'ed, Icauinge them on tlie foulhfyde. IJut 
 after tliey hail knowledge of the contrary, they made greuous complaynt to our men, of the 
 beaflly and fearfe niancrs of thefc Canilia/fs, which were no KUc cruel agaynfl tliem, then 
 till' Tyger or tiie I.ynn agayiille tame heaftes. 1 ie( lariiig furthermore, yat when foeuer they 
 XwV. any of them vnder tiie age of xiiij. yeares, they vfe to gelde them, and francke them 
 vntyll tlioy he \ cry lat, as we are wont to iloe with capons or Iienne^ : and as for fuche as drawe towarde. xx. 
 yeare olde, to kyll them forthwith and pull out theyr guttes, and eate the fame frelhc and newe, wyth otlier 
 extreme partes of the bodye, poudering the refidiie with falte, or ke;)ing it in a certayne pickle as we do iegottcs 
 or fanfages. Yet eate diey not the women, but referue them to encreafe, as we doe hennes to lay egges. And 
 if thei take any old women, they kepe them for drudges. And tlu-'fore when the Caiiibales make incurfion, the 
 pe()|)le of thefe Ilandes llye with all fpede. For albeit they \ .irrowes, yet are they not able to refylle theyr 
 fe.irfenes. 
 
 C Of the nianen of the inhabitantes of the /land of ll\(pana and of fuche 
 
 thynges as are found there. 
 
 He inhabitantes of this Ilande, vfe in ye ftede of bread, certayne rotes like vnto nauie rotes, 
 hauing the tafl. of foft and grene cheflnuttes. Gold with them is in eftimacion, for they hange 
 certayne peces dierof at their eares : they go not out of ye limities of their own contrie, nor 
 exercife any marchandife with flrangers : thei gather gold in ye fandes of a certen riuer which 
 f[)ringeth out of veri high montaines They gatiier it with great labouro and melte it and 
 cafle it, fyrfle into maffes or weilges, and afterwarde into brode plates, 'lliey haue no foure 
 foted beades, except connies: they haue ferpentes of nionflrous greatnes, but without hurte 
 or venime. They haue alfo wylde turtle doues and duckes, mi he greater then ours, and gefe whyter then 
 fwannes, Ciuing yat they haue redde heades. Tiiei haue alfo many popingiayes: fome grene, fome yelowe, 
 and fome not niuche vnlyke them of India, with redde circles about their neckes. This Hand bringeth forth 
 alfo Majiix, A/of, and fuche other guiiimes: and efpecially certayne redde eraynes, which are fliarper 
 then pepper. 
 
 C How Columbus, after he had found new Ilandes, returned agayne to 
 Spayne, where preparinge a newe nauie, he toke his viage to 
 
 ye Canibalcs. 
 
 Olumbus, not a little ioyeful of the landes newly found, the fpring tyme drawing nere, he 
 determined to retume to his countrey: leaning with the king of the Hand. 38. men which 
 fliould diligently fearche the fituacion of die Ilanile, the maners of the iieople, and the 
 natures of trees and fniites. Hut he, hoyfeninge vp his fayles, directed hys viage towarde 
 Sixiyne, bringing with him tenne menne of the fayd Ilande, to th[e]ende that they mighte 
 learne the Spaniihe tonge, which they might eafely doe, becaufe al the wordes of theyr 
 language may well be written w ith our letters. C'/iimhis, after thys his retume, anil fortunate 
 fucceffe in his fyrlle viage, was honorablye rcceyued of the Kynge and (^uene, and greatlye magnified with 
 innumerable glorious tittles : willinge that he (liould no more thenceforth be called Columlnis, but the Admiral 
 of the great Ocean Sea: and prepared for him towarde his fccond viage. xvij. foilles and. xij. brigantines, wel 
 fumiflied with al kynd of artillerye and plentie of vitayles, and in them twelue hundreth men wel appoynted : 
 
 Ctnihtirt 
 
 'I'liu f<:.ir»cnrs <if 
 the CaHib*tUs, 
 
 Mans flcslic 
 IioiiJcrcil 
 
 Routes In ye 
 Metic i>f brcid 
 (iulilinestiiii.tt.iua 
 
 Howe culde is 
 gatlirciT. 
 
 Serpents wythowt 
 vcntlne. 
 
 Popingiayes. 
 
 Spices antl 
 Giimnies. 
 
 The IntU.tn ton( 
 
 L\'liinti>its, at lii> 
 rctiirne. !■■ • laiie 
 A.li. •• i .:: the 
 Ocean sex 
 
 The secontl viag» 
 of Coiumtus 
 
 
r 
 
 30 
 
 [0/ f/tc nave India, and llandcs in the I Vest Ocean Sea, &c.] 
 
 \ 
 
 Gatlti. 
 
 Canariit. 
 
 'Hie ll.iml uf 
 J)itmimita. 
 
 IhiuU CfHtis. 
 
 lluii-c^wf in- 
 
 Ytitlni: ineti ^tallcil 
 tu be lu-uli: f.Utu< 
 
 Fine cokcrye. 
 
 CitHtStlft .illiirc'l 
 uyth lylM;r.tltte. 
 
 t'iftttifiinit All 
 lland of wuitien 
 onelye. 
 
 The namM i.f 
 fciindryc lUiiile^. 
 
 Arruu'cs infected 
 with venillie. 
 
 
 Come alfo to fowe, and a! kimlcs of fcedcs .-.id jilanlL's. For, exccptc pine apple trees and date trees, there 
 Urowe none in ihefe Ilandes lliat are kn',.ven to vs. 'I'he Atlniirall toke alfo with liini al fortes of Iron tooles 
 to tti[e]intent to liylil townes and fortrefles where his nun inij{ht lye in fafenarde. 'I'herfore the firft day of 
 Septenil)er ihii.irtinn from the llindcs called O'lii/i ', with a profperotis wind he arryucd at the lland of Canaria 
 the fyrll daye of ()ct<jl>er: fnjni whenfe ilirecting his viaj,'e tow.irde the lefte hande, he fayled toward ye South, 
 and at ye hiiglh came to the Ilandes of the Citniki/s. And liecaufe he < .ime ihether on the Siindaye called the 
 Donvnical day, he called the Hand where he arryued, IX'niiniut: which when he perceyiied to lie but faluage 
 and a' le, he fayied on further: and in twentic daycs fay ling, came to another Hand reiileniflied with al kindes 
 of trees, from which came a nianuylous fiaj^rant fauour: l!y reafon wlureof, fonie hcing allured hy the pleafant- 
 nc> (if the plai 0, went aland, where the)' fiwe no kynde of lyuinj^e |ii.\lUs, f.uiin^c l\firies of wnniKrlul Imiidge 
 greatnes. This Hande he called Iiifiihi Crinit, whiche was alfo an Hande of the C<t>iihi/rs, as afterward they 
 proued in dede. l''or as they fayied ahout the Hand, they founde certayne lowe eotajjes made of trees, lyke 
 vnto llagies. For they fet trees vpright in order round about, fallining polU-s in them crolVe ouer, where vnto 
 the trees deaue fafle, fo thai liy this nieanes they t.innot fall. 'I'hey frame the roof s of thefe c()ta>^es, with 
 (harpe toppes after the nianer of rownile teiites. .\nd kill of al, they indole and couer thefe trees thus fet in 
 order, wyth the leaues of d.ite trees, and certen other trees, to th[e|intent to m.ike them a flroiiger defence 
 ,it;aynll wyntl and wether. And uiihin the cot.ige, they tye the poiles toj;etlier with ro|)es of bonibage cotton, 
 and a certayne longe roote. 'I'hey haue couches made, one aboue another, the tlow res whereof they flrawe 
 wyth heye and cotton. .And as foone as tluy hailde f|iied our men, they tied incontinente. And when oure 
 men caire into theyr houfes, tluy found in theym i ertajne young men boimd to poiles, and k ot to be m.ide 
 fatte, and lykewyfe many olde womennc whiche thefe Cii/i//>ii/<s kepte to be their drudges. They founde there 
 alfo earthen velfelles of all fortes, in which they fodde mens tleflie with popingiayes, geefe, and duckes lleflie, al 
 together in one veflell. 'I'hey rolled alfo mans tlelhe vpon fpyttes, referuing the bones of the amies and legges, 
 whi( he they vfe in the flede of Iron, to jiiece and typpe theyr arrowes. For they are vlterlye without Iron. 
 'l'he[y] found alfo llie head of a yong man, yet blediiig and fallened to a jwfle. liut certayne womenne whiche 
 had fledde from the Ci'ii/urAs to oure menne, the Admiral commaunded to be gorgioully decked after the 
 nianer of our women, and with manye rewardes to be fent agayne to theyr owne comjianye. By meanes 
 whereof, the CinihiAs beynge allured by the lyberalitie and gyftes of our men, hoping llial they alfo llioulde 
 be lykewyfe rcw-inted, < .une running towanl our men: but when they drew fomwh:it nere vnto them, they 
 lied imnuiliatly into the ncxte wooiUles. Ami thus our men departing from thence, relumed to the Hande 
 of //ij/iimi. 
 
 € /7o7i' the A diuiyall paffcd matiyc llandcs, and ivhat thynges chaunccd 
 to liyni and his conipanie in that viage. 
 
 9, the .\dmirall departed from the Hand of the Canihi/is, and went foreward on his viage, 
 he ]i:il'l'e(l by many Ilandes : among the whiche was one called Matinina, in whyche 
 dwell only women, after the maner of them, called Amazones, as he learned of the men 
 of the Ilandes which he brought with him into Spayne at his fyrfle viage, and faned 
 them from the fearfenes of the Caiiihalcs. He palled :Ufo innumer:d)le other Ilandes of 
 whii h to foiiie he g.iue names, as Mom Kvratus, Siiiula Maria rotiDu/a, SanHa Maitinus, 
 Sanfla Maria anlic/iia, and San^a Crux. Into the which oure men entering to th[e]intent to 
 fetche frellie water, foimd foure Caiiil'aks, which had taken foiirc yonge women : who, as foone as thei 
 had fi)ied our men, wriiiged theyr h:indes, feming therby to defyre ;;yde of oure men : at whofe coming 
 to (Klyuer them, the men lied into the woodes and left the women. Shortly after, our men faw a bote coming on 
 the fea with. viij. men and as many women : with whom oure men bickeringe lofl one of theyr companions, 
 by reafon that thefe barbariens are accuflomed to infecte theyr arrowes with venime : yet oure men i)reuayle<l 
 and flewe p;irte of them, and broughtc the refydue by forfe to the Admyrall. As they departed from 
 hence, they found many other Hnides, but fuch as they could not come to for the roughnes of the fea 
 and multitude of rockes. Hut fonie of the hnallell brig.intines which drewe no great de])th, went fomewhat 
 nearer, and noumbred aboue feuen :ind fortie Ilan<les, and called the ])lace Anhiptlagus. .Sayling from hence, 
 they found another lland called Ihic/u-ma, into the whiche ye Canibahs make fundry incurfions, by reafon 
 whcrof the inhabitantes are at continual warre with them. Thus at the length, the Admiral with his hole nauie 
 r>itnmed to the Ihuul of Hifpana : but in an euyl tymc. For they which he hadde lefte there for a 
 >■ 
 
[0/the newe India, amUUvuks in the IVcst Ocean Sea, 6-c.] 
 
 3' 
 
 garrifon, were all dcaH : as »',ere alfo they whidie he toke with him from the f.iine Il.indc into Spayne to 
 vfe them for inirfprctours. ( )f wiiic lie fuiicn dyid liy ihaungc of the ayre. ( »iu' of thcui was |iiTiiiillc<l of the 
 Admirall to departc, when the natiie came nearc to hys "oimtrcy. The refidue Hole awaye priuelye, ami 
 fwannne to lan<le : tmt the Adniir.dl douhtinf; whither all his men were di.id or no, whiche he lefte in 
 the Hand, lonimaundeil celta) ne ordinaimre to lie lliot of, that liy the noyfe thereof they niyniite haiie 
 warninj^ to (uiue forth, yf any laye hirkinne in corners: hut none ajipeared, whofe fatal! iliyes had 
 fyniflhed iheyr lyfe. At the lenj^lii, the k)nj; of the llande lieyii^ therto enlorfed, de( lared the hole 
 matter to the Admyrall as well as he collide hy interpretours : atfyrniinn that there were in the ILind 
 other Kynjjes lufyde him : an<l of greater ])ower then he, which were fore offended that the Spaniardes 
 ha<l<le fiilidued the Ilandes : and in reiienge therof, came to the town where the Spaniardes lay, which 
 they oiier(anie and liiirnt, and llevv al the nun tlierin : and th:'c he alfo at the fime conllii te, taking jiart 
 with our nten, was for,- wimmled with an arrow on the arnv.-, for the better tr)all whereof he hore hys 
 arine in a towell, becaiife it was not yet hole of that wounde. Hut lliortelye after they had knowledge, 
 that the King fav.ied this tale : fo that he hanlely efcajied the handes of the Admiral, who was deteriiiyned 
 wylh fome kynd of punillinunt to haue examined him further. Uiit he fufpei ting the matter, lied into ye 
 inner partes of the Uaml, declaring therby, that he was the dellruction of our men: whom, eertayn of 
 our comiianii', purfuinge, tbunde nianye marueylous thinges : and efpe(;i;dlye ryuers in whiche is founile mu( he 
 golde, and a mountayne, whofe fande is fparkeled with gold. In this place, the Admiral bylded a citie, which 
 he compalVed about with a walle. And departing from hence, he fean hed almotl all the Hand: in ye 
 inner partes wherof he bylded a towre, and named it S. Thomas towre, whiche he made to tli[e]intent that 
 he might the more fafely fearc he out the fecretes of fo plentifull a region, and efjiecially the gold mines of the 
 fmie ; and thus leauinge a garrifon there, he departed, takinge with him three foylles, whe:wilh he fayled tc 
 feke newe Ilandes, and came lirll to the Ilandc of Cuhi, and from thence to /itinaicu, being greater then Siduit, 
 very fruytfull and wel inhabited. \Vhi< h, when he had vewed, he cleparted from thence, and fayled about the 
 fea colles where he fawe innumerable otlur fmall Ilandes, llanilinge fo thic ke, that the fliip was in mancr 
 borne a landc : and was therfore enforfeil to returne home, the Cinie way which he came. 
 
 e ffoi^ t'<c spaniardes abnfcd the fubmijfion and frendejliippe of the 
 
 inliabitantes of the Ilandes, 
 
 \ this meane tyme, the Spaniardes which the admiral had left in the Hand of Ifif/'aiia, 
 had luvll entreated ti;e inhabitauntcs : fo that for wante of vitayles and foode, they begr.iii , 
 to famyne ; imputin.^e the fault hereof vnto the Chriflian men, which had tligged vp al the 
 rootes wherwith thei were ;c:uflo:iied to make theyr bread. .And whereas they yet per 
 < eaued, that ye ChrilUen me.i entended to continue there, thei fent an ambafl'.idour to the 
 .uliniral to defyre him to reilrayne the outragioufnes and cnieltie of his men. at whofe handes 
 the)- fullained fuch iniuries and violence, as they fcarcely loked for at the handes of mortal 
 "iieniies. Dedaringc further, that vnder the [iretcncc of feking for gold they committed innumerable wronges 
 ami mifchieuous actes, fpoyling in nianer all the hob region ; and that for the auoyding of fuch enormities and 
 op|)reliions, they hadde rather jiaye tribute, then to be thus dayly vexeil with incurl'ions, and neuer to be at 
 f|uiete. Vpon this coniplaynte it was agreed, that they llioulde paye yea.-ely tribute to the Chrilli.m king and 
 that they fliould applie them felies to gather and encreafe theyr rotes, whiche were to them in the llede 
 of tlowre and wheat, and fo confumed that with great labour they coulde Icarcely fynde any in the wooddes. 
 They payde therefore for their tribute, euery thre monethes, < ertayn poiuid wex^jhtes of gold : liut fui he as had 
 no gold, payde fpyces, and goffanipine cotton. In the nu.nie lime the Spani.<rdes, who lliould haue been 
 occupied in digging for golde, gaue them felues to play, wantonnes ami idlenes, (outeinning, and falling 
 intohatered with their gouernour, by which theyr liccntioufnes, the jieople of the Hani' beyng prouoked, became 
 more difobedient and wyld, degeneratinge from al kind of honcllie and faithfulncs ; yea ye fpaniardes alfo 
 became fo negligent in feking for gold, yat fometyme the charges exceaded the gaynes. Neucrthelefle in the 
 yere of Chrill, 1501. they gathered within ye fpac e of two monethes twelue thoufand poundes weyght of golde. 
 Hut the Admirall appoyntinge his brother liaitlwlomeus Columbus, to be gouernour of the Hand, he in the 
 yeare. 1495. determined to returne to Si)ayne, to certifye the kyng of al thefe matters. In which viage, 
 he manfullye defended him felf in battayl againfl the rebellcs of certayne other Handes which had confpyred 
 agaynft the Spanyardes. 
 
 ('h.iunf« of ayrt 
 ii tUungvruiu. 
 
 Ttie liiita 
 
 ill«sriMl>Ulli Milli 
 Ihc Ailinyrall. 
 
 r:i>i<irr»un(i m 
 
 riuf-r% .ittd 
 riiuuiit.ui)ci. 
 
 The ll.indrl 
 AimiliKt. 
 
 ' A nuililiade u( 
 ' lUiiJck 
 
 Thf rnicltieufthc 
 Clinsiiaii men 
 
 Cnieltie of 
 
 couetousnc^. 
 
 Bread of rotc-v 
 
 Tlie Irilmie r ( 
 the barb.-ihaii^ 
 
 r)Uf)l«rlience 
 fulowctli Idlciict 
 
 Note. 
 
 
33 
 
 \0f the newe India, and Ilandes in the West Ocean Sea, &c.] 
 
 
 nmir (Icuiikih ye 
 
 WniM. 
 
 fffi/<rriiUs «r 
 l\i/itt Hfritif. 
 How the 
 
 Sp.inyir»le< ami 
 yc I'lirtiigalrt 
 (i'*'.:i.ic.i \\\v- worlii 
 tKiwene thciii. 
 
 Gold nn'l Tcirlcs 
 
 Tlic EijHiHi\ titil 
 
 lync 
 
 rtic ryucr of 
 
 CtiliiHt. 
 
 Satuftrn, 
 
 'I'll.' grirat rytic 
 
 TYiv- rtf;inn of 
 
 The Ilaiiilcs of 
 
 Saylinji inio llie 
 E;i*.t \>y the west 
 Tlic roundnet of 
 the erth. 
 I'he ftrmc land 
 
 Spices 
 
 The vuRc fr •. 
 the West vr. 
 
 the K.i>te. 
 
 ^ hf firmc land. 
 7'crrt F/anJa. 
 
 The kins of 
 
 r (Uytic *rii-l<:(h 
 
 fitorih !»hi[ JO. 
 
 Hic Miige .'f 
 
 Afiii^ei/.iti^s hy 
 
 the wcikl inl<» ye 
 
 e.4»t 
 
 The lUnde&of 
 
 Ttir I'.inde* of 
 (-.1 Ml I rill. 
 
 
 Th« flrtt,»rion of 
 the iKMith \-<\l 46 
 
 The H(gioi) of 
 
 glJtlDtCt. 
 
 € How the Portu^als fought nc^u Ilaiidcs in the Eajl partes, and how 
 
 they came to Calicut. 
 
 N this mcane tynie tliat yc Spanyardes foiighte ncwo and vnknowen landes in the Weft 
 partes, the I'ortugales attempted to doe the fame in the Rifle |)artes. And leaft one of 
 them flioiiid i)e a let'-.* or hinderauncc to the other, tliey deiiyded ti)e world betwene them 
 by the aucll.oritie jf the IJifliop of Rome, Alexander the. vi. of that name. And that on 
 tiiis condicion, that from tl;<' Ilandes called llifpeiidcs (whiclie are now called Ciiput ucriik) 
 the one fl-,i,tli! fiyle Wellwart'e, and the other towarde the South pole, thus deiiyding the 
 world betwene tleni in two ciiual paitcs. So that whatfoeuer vnknowen landes flioiilde be 
 <lifeoiiered in the Ealle partes, the faii;e to be vlewe to the Portiigales ; And all fuche as flioulde be founde in 
 the Welle juirtes, to apjiertayne to the Sjianyardei. Whereby it came to parte, that tl'.e Spaniardes, euer by the 
 South, fayled into the Welle, where they foun.le a largo mayne land, with ilandes great and litle innumerable, 
 hauing in them great plentie of golde and jiearles, and other great ri< lies, lint the I'or'ugales, iiy the Soulhe, 
 and coftes of the Ilandes called /IffptrUcs, and Kijuinoflial lyne, and Tropicus Cnpriconii, came into ye Eafl, 
 by tlie goulfe called Sinus Pirfiais, euen vnto the coftes of India, within the riuer (^( G<ifif;fs, whereas is now the 
 great market towne, and kingedoni of Caliciil. And from thence to die Hand of ''\;pi\<l<aihu (now ralle<l Sunii/m, 
 Aimara or Saiiwtia) and fi lortii to Aurcii ( Vi,T/,ii/<fus, whereas is nowe tiie great cytie of A/<i/iiu/iii, beyng one 
 of ye moft famous market townes of al ye Kaft partes. From A/,i/,ia/iii, they entered into a great goulfe, 
 by which they came to the region of Siiiaium. Not farre from Mii/acc/ia, arc the Ilandes called Mo/ucar, 
 in whiih al kyndes of fpyces growe and are brought to the cytie ■ ' MaUucha. Hut the Spanyardes hauing 
 knowledge what gr'.'ate commoditie the Portugales had receyued by the Ilandes ui Aft</uiiit attein[p]ti(l to 
 proue yf they alfo might find the fame Ilandes in fayling fo farre Weftwanl that they niighte at the length by 
 Weft and fouthweft come into the Rift, as by good realon they prefuppofed the roundnefte of the earth would 
 jiermitte, if they were not otherwyfe lette by the fymie or mayne land lyinge in the waye and ftoppinge thcyr 
 jtalTage, whereof as yet was no cerleyntie knowen. And this dydde they to th[e]intent that by this meanes they 
 myghte more eafelye and wyth leffe charge Vringe fi)yces from thence into Spayne. Therefore, the mancr of 
 this viage was, that they fliould fayle from the Wefte, vnder the loweft hemi pherye or halie compalTe of the 
 earth, and fo to come into the Raft. A tiiinge furelye that myghte feenie verye harde to attempte, beecaufe it 
 was vncertaine whether that, moft pnidente anil beneficiall nature, (who worketh al thinges with moft 
 high prouidence) had not fo deuided and feperatjd the Kail from the Weft, panel) by fea, and partely 
 by lan<l, tl'.at there might by this way haue been no paffage into the F«ill. For it was not yet knowen, whether 
 that great region of /InuTU'a, (whiche they call the fynne or mayne lande) dyd feperate the Welle fea from the 
 Kaft ; |{ut it w;-.-. founde that that fyrine lande extended from the Weft to the Snuth. :\nd that alfo towarde 
 the North partes were founl two other regions, whereof the one is calleil i\V<,7i» liiuatlMrum. and the other 
 Trrra florhla : \\ hirh, if thry were adherent to the fayde fyrnie land, there could be no part.ige by the Wefte feas 
 into the Kail India, forafiiuu h as ther was not yet lounde any llrayghte of the fea, wherby any eiiteraunce 
 might*- be open into the Kaft. In this meane while, the kyng of Sjiayne beynge elected l''.mperouie, preparc<l 
 a name of fyiu' fliippes, oucr the whii lie he a|ipointed one Afiii^r/liuius to be captayne, commaiindinge him that 
 he fliould fiyle towarde the raftes of the fayd fyinie land, d-- .(tinge his viage by the foiith partes thereof, untyl 
 he had ejther lound the elide of the faaie, or ellis fonie ftn yglile wherby he niighte jKilVe to tliofe odoiiferons 
 Ilandes of Afi'/iiuii, fo I'aiuoiilly Ijioken of for the great abiind.iuncc of fwete fauou -s and fr-iees founde therein. 
 The fliijipes therefore, beyng well furnifflnd with all thinges ncceffarie, A/ikMi'ius departinge from (Jiuile in 
 Spayne, the iinth day of Auguft, in the ycare ^f Chrift. 1519. came fyrft to ye I'.indes oi Canaria, and 
 fr<jm tli.^nce to ye Ilandes railed lltjp'i iJis: frtnii whiche dyrectinge hy: coiiife bitwjne the Weft and 
 the Rift toward llie fiyd lyrme l.iml, in few d.iye-> with pr.rlperous fayling, lie diftoiuied ,1 corner or poynt of 
 the fayd mayne land, called riomoiilonum S. AftiiM, where the jieople dwell, called Cti/i/hi/a, wliii he are 
 .iccuftomed to cate mans lleflie. From hence he fayled on fouthw.iide by the lonj; trade of this fimie 
 l.inil, whii h reacheth fo farre into ye foiith and extendi tli fo many degrees bejond ye circle called Tfopiais 
 Ciipricovtii, yat the fotith pole (c.dled jmle AnUirtike) is there eleuated lortie and fyxe degrees. Ami 
 thus beyng brought into the F-ift, they fiw certaMi Iiulians uatheniige fliel fydies by the fe.i baiikes : 
 beyng men of very high ftature, clothed with bcaftes Ikinnes. To whom, whereas certayne of the Spaniardes 
 went a land, and ftiewed them belles and paynted pai)ers, they begon to daunce and leapc abouie tlie 
 Spaniardes, with a rude and murmuring fongc. At the length there came three other, as thoughe they 
 
i hoTV 
 
 in the Weft 
 Icaft one of 
 ;l\vcne them 
 \w\ tliat on 
 '^iiput ucridt) 
 k'uydiii),' the 
 ;s flioiildc be 
 l)c foinidc in 
 ;, CULT liy the 
 inniimeral)lo, 
 y the Soiilhe, 
 into ye l'»ift, 
 as is now tiie 
 ilied Suindni, 
 'ill, beynt; one 
 j^reat t;oulfe, 
 lied Mi>/iiuir, 
 ,ardes liauinf^ 
 lteni[l)]ti(i to 
 the letigth by 
 e t.'arth would 
 oppinge tlieyr 
 s nieanes they 
 , the niancr of 
 lUipalTe of the 
 te, lieecaufe it 
 ;s with moll 
 and partely 
 nven, whetiier 
 fea from the 
 I .ilfo lowarde 
 nd llie other 
 the Wefte feas 
 ly enteraunce 
 line, prepared 
 Unge him that 
 thereof, uutyl 
 ife odoiiferous 
 )unde therein. 
 Iroiii tJiuile in 
 Civuviit, an<l 
 Ihe Wed and 
 ler or poynt of 
 .f, whii he arc 
 of ihi' firme 
 illed 'riopiiids 
 h>,rees. And 
 tea balikes : 
 ,■ Spani.irdes 
 le abouic the 
 tiinughe they 
 
 
 [0/ t/ic iimc /iniia, and Ihvidcs in flic II est Ocean Sea, <Lh.] 
 
 were ambaffadours, whiehc l)y ccrtayn fignes defyred ye Spaniardes to ),o with them further into the land 
 
 33 
 
 making a countenaunee as though ihei wold intertayn them wel, wliere vpoii, ye ( aptayne .i/iif;,i/iiiiits fent with 
 
 mio 
 iiiiii 
 
 Well inllnided, to lh[elintent lo fearchc ye region and 
 
 .rs of ihe people. ;\nd tin 
 
 lluin. \ii. 
 
 li .y went with them into ye deferles, wlur they eanie to a low eotage eoiiered with vwlde bealles 
 
 Ikii.iies, hauing in it two manfions, in o >e c)f ye which were women and <hiiilren and in the other only 
 
 men. They interleined their gelles after 
 
 iili.iros and beallly 
 
 mnncr, w 
 
 liii he 
 
 e lieuertheles femed to 
 
 them princeliko ; for they killed a beaft, not mui h vnlike a «)l(!e afl'e, wliofe t! fllie (but halfe rolled) they f > t 
 
 ere were oar men of nerelfitie ionlli.iinid 
 
 I fore iiiir men, without any other kind of meate or drinke. Here were oar 
 to lye al nii;lit vnder ihefe Ikinnes, by rcafon of tin gre.it abuiid.iume of fnowe a 
 
 Hit wviide 
 
 And when it w. 
 
 lay, our men were very earnell with them, an<l would in m.mcr haue eitlorfed them to goe with them to 
 ilic lliippe; which thing thei pereeauing, couered them felue.s from the head to the foote with cert.iyn horrible 
 liealles ikiniics, and payntcd theyr fa< es with fundrye eolnirs. Thus taking their bowes and arr(nves, and 
 bringing with them other of theyr conip.iiue, of much greater llature and terrible alpci t, then they were, they 
 Ihewed them fellies lo oiire men in araye, as ihoughe they were re.uly to light. l!ut the Sp.niyardes, wliiche 
 ihoughte th.il the matter wduM haue eoinen to hand llrokes, commaiuuled a pie( e <if ordiuaunt e to be Ihotte of. 
 'Ihe which although it d)d no hurte, yet ihefe hardy giauntes, which a little before femed to be as bold 
 as though they (hull li.uie made w.irre againit Iii|)iler, were by the noyfe thereof put in fu< he fe.ire, that 
 llicy I'oorlhwith begaime to enlreate for peace. Our men enteiided to haue Irouglu fome of tliefe (ly.nintes 
 wyl'i them into .Spayne for the llr.uuigem.s of the thinge : but they all elca|)ed oiite of theyr h.in<les. 
 MiV^tl/iiniii iherfort vn<lerllandinge that it were vniiri.T. ' dile to tarie there any longer, and that alio the fea was 
 very rough, and the wether ftormie and boyiblr]ous, ai a that furthermore the firme lantle extended further 
 toward the foulh, in fo mui he, that the further they f.n ad tliat waye, tiny fltould fynde it fo mu( h ye (older, 
 he deferred hys proi ediiig \nto [in?] the inoueth ( f m.iy, al whi( he tyme, )e (h.iriieues of winter, ex( e.ideth with 
 them, when as with vs, foinmer i.s begun, lie louiid there greate jjlentie of wood. 'Ihe fe.i alio miuillred 
 vnlo them great abundaunee of flielliihe, bef)( e other lylhes of fuiulrie kyndes. lie found lykewyfe 
 many fpringes of frillie and holefoine waters; and vied himiingu and taking of foules. tJnly bread and 
 wyne, was l.ukinge in the Ihippe. 'I'he foulh poie was there eleuated fortic degrees. 
 
 C IIoio Mai;vllanus by a Jfrayg/if or nayroio arnie of the fea, fayled by the 
 leejt into the ILaJt to ifyno's Ilandcs: lehere alfo he leas Jlayne. 
 
 He wynter now being p.ill, the. xxiiij. d.iy o. .\iigufte, M>xt:,tllaiius dep.irled from the pl.ice 
 aforefayde, and llyll folowed the tr.iete of the firme land towaid ilie foulh, vnlyl at the length, 
 the. Nwi. day of Nouember, he found in lh.it tinne land, cert.. yn open jiKues Ijke vnlo 
 llrayghles or n.irrow feis. Into the whuh eiilring with his nauie, he tomm.iunded lliat 
 ( eitayn lliippes Ihouhl fearche the goulfes on euerye fyde, yf anye way or pall'age might be 
 loiiml into the l''..ill. At the length, they found a certaya depe (Iraighl, by the wiiii li they 
 Were perfwaded )at there was enteraunce into fome other ni.ayne fea, infoinuch th.it A/iIj;</- 
 Aiiiiii .ittcmp'ed to fearche vr f.inie. This (Iraighl w.is linmcl to he fomtime of ye bredth of ihle Italian mylcs, 
 louielyim ' Iwo, and l'< ic t, e of tenne, and reac lied fomwh.it tow.iid the Well. The altilude or eleu.u ion of 
 ihe foulh poi^ in this pl.ice, w,(.s founde to be. lii. degrees. They roiilde fee no [leojile tiering in the eolles of 
 this eutr.iuncc 'I herlore Ma>^tilitniis feing ihys laiide to be rough and laluage, and knpleafaunt lo abide in, 
 by reafon of c.\li(.iiie cold, he thought it not woriliye the trauayle, to fpend anv ;ime in fen hing th(; fame, 
 riierlore f.iiling lorw.nd in his viage thus .iiteiiipted by ye f.iid llravghle, (wliiih ;s now called the llr.iyghl of 
 Miit^MliiUi) he W.IS therby brought iiilo .mother iii.iMi le.i, \erye greale .mil l,ir|,e. The length wl this llrajght 
 or narrow fea, is ellemed to be .i hundreth fp.inillie miles. The land which he had on his riglil hanile, he 
 doubi(.'d n.Jt to be m.iyne l.inde: and thai on the left hand, he fuppofed to bee lland'.'S. AJitf^elAi'iiis iAwx 
 l\kewyfe the fyrnie lande lo be extended diret;ily toward ye North: whenfoie letting parte that great l.inde, he 
 fi\led by ill It gre.ite and Urge fe.i belwelie the Well and the North-, .iiiil tli it lor lliis inteli e, that at •' c length 
 he might b\ liie Well ( oiiie into the I'.ill, and ag.iMie Mider the burning lyiie lalled /'/((/ >,'»■>•>'., jieynge will 
 alfured lh.it the Ilandes of Moliuni (which he loiighte) were in the luille, aiul not farre from the lu/iiimiflitii lyno. 
 \\ hen they h.idde thus fayled fortie d.iyes. and came now agayne vnder the line or circle callc'd 7)i'fii,u.i i\ipri- 
 torr.t. ihey founde two lyltle ll.iiides inhdiliyteil, but very barren, and therfore (.died ihem iiil'irtiin.ite Il.mdes. 
 Uepartingc from iheni e they failed on for u great fjwce, and found a cert.iyne Ibnde which ye inh liiilantes c.illed 
 
 I'.'t.ice* cotifrcil 
 
 WltllT.t■,L^tc» 
 kkllllicm. 
 
 Oti'i^r. 
 
 A''imil.»iiMrf 'i( 
 
 Mir (^.i iiint^ II 
 
 ' }>UUU lu ll)gitt. 
 
 r^lrcnie ttinli.f 
 III iii.i)i:. 
 
 ctclMti 
 
 .mill [...I.- 
 c.4l. iJi;|;kc« 
 
 Thf ^tnychl of 
 
 II. r .,l|llli.|- .f 
 
 llu- vj.lltll (luii.. III. 
 iIl-^ICVS. 
 
 'Yhr lli.-'l'll *i?.l 
 tM'>..tHl lIlC 
 
 MrnyKlitv^. 
 
 •|hr fjllllC 1 lll.l 
 
 Ilic Nwniii:.'* 
 
 JM 
 
 i'.>*r» f.t /.'« 
 
 f. 
 
 The It. n«le% 
 
 .1 
 
 ^1-/11. M< 
 
 
 '/V,'/i. m 
 
 
 ta/rutftH* 
 
 
 K. 
 
34 
 
 \0f the iictc'c //Id/ill aiii'l Ilamh's in the U'est Occtui Sea, ^c] 
 
 Tin M.in.l uf 
 
 Ill,- 11.111.!.:, .:f 
 (,.i.C,.. .illc.l 
 (..>k.« M.ll>:v 
 
 A' lit It. 
 
 ^f^tU^tH.I. 
 
 .V>r/'«M. 
 
 nr.-.Ti..rih5 
 
 f rtinkt; uf (re* *. 
 I)rinl,f..f '1... 
 .Ir..|.|.ini[ .il .111.- 
 
 tiulile and (tintjcr 
 kl.iynu. j 
 
 'I'Im- new 
 
 i ilil liln.. SVrr MHJ 
 
 i, iR*lr.ue(t of lii^ . 
 
 Uitulliun. 
 
 n c king nf 
 .VhA«Mi.'n .pyrctll 
 UK-iynNt ihf 
 S|)anyarUc.i. 
 
 Tlic npliync 
 Scir.iim.1 lit l.iken 
 
 Tl..!ll.ini|.-H..f 
 tiif'^lh >inil rort.i 
 SiMi. 
 
 PeACe.inil 1. 1 
 
 ntcui lif ^^,< 
 
 f^juii'tiire 
 
 luiii^i^tiiiii. when' \c ilcuai ion of tin- N'orllif ikiIc, (lallctl ipdIc Artikc) was. xij. dfj^rccs: And tlic V-w^\\\ (toni the 
 II.mkUs ;.ilk(lCj'i/./i-.>. Iiy tliL- WriU-, was iii<lgc(l to ln-i-. c.lviii.linu' lumdnil and t"irtv-(i;;lit](lci;rtcs. 'I'luis iiroicdinj;, 
 tlu-y la w d> iicrs oilier I landi-s. ami that fo nianye, tli.it tlicy fiiii|)of»'d tlu'v had liccn l)r()in;lu into a ■^rrat fi-a iykc vnto 
 that called .7/ <////. /./v/Af, where with ly^nes and iioyiuinges (as the dumine are wont to f|ieake with the duninK-) 
 they alked of tiiele Indians, the nanus of the llandes. whereliy they learned that thei were in ./<•.//<;//, and not 
 larrc from the Ilande called .SV/.;///, wel inhahiteil ami re|iii.nilluil with djiimlaiince of al thin^'ts neti iV.irie for 
 the comnioiliiies of this life. S.iyliiii,' .iierfure tow.ird the Il.inde of .SV, ',////, thei were with .i contiarv wind 
 ilrieiien on the Il.tnd ui Af.Hhinit, from whenfe they came to the create Hand of Siihiilh, vvhere ye Spanyardes 
 were wel enterteyiied of the Kin.^e of the Hand, who liroiinht them into a certayn cotage, and fet liefore them 
 fiiih delicates as he haddc. TlieNT linad, w.is of the trunke of a certen tree, cut in jiiece.s, and frieil with oylc. 
 Theyr driukc was \.){ the hiimoure or ioyfe which dri>|i|ielh out of the lir.uim lies of the d.ite trees, when they are 
 < iittc. '1 lieyr mea'f was fuche as they toke liy fouliiif^e, with Inch fruitt^s as the cc.ntivi liriiir;lit forth. 'This 
 Ilande was very riche of };old and ^'inuer. ]n thcfe partes Afiii;<//itnus made warre ajiaynlle the inhaUi 
 taiintes of certayne other ll.iniles: In whidie conllicte, the fjianiardes hauin}; the oiierthrow Mthcillanus was 
 ll.iyne with fetien of hys men. When the .S|ianiardes hadde thus loft theyr capt.iyne, they elected a new 
 j;(Miermiiirr of ihcyr naiiie. appoinliiif; one 1,'litviiiis Sirraiiin \.^i lh.it oltice. .\fii,'//,iniis had .dfo a lioiidinan 
 liorne in the ll.indes of Mo/itaj, wliinn he h.id liouijht in the citie of Mithuiiiii. This l)ondmaii Miderllode the 
 Spanillii: ton>;e: antl where as the <aptayn Sn-raiiua could ilo nothing without him, who now lay ficke hy 
 reafon of the woundes which he had receaiieil in the faid conlliitc, fo that he was f.iyne to fpeake Iharjieiy to 
 him and threaten to heate him or he could (;eat him out of the Ihypjie. he here vpon conceaued fo jjreat hatered 
 and inili^na< ion a^'.iynllc the Spanyardes, th.it lu; wenle imiiUMJiatcly to the Kinjje of .S'///v////, <lc( l.iriiin the 
 couetoulnes of the .Spani.irdes to he vnlaciaMi', and yat thei wolii lliortely vfe crueltie agaiiiil him ,ill<>, and 
 brint; him into fuliiection and feruitiide. The harli.irous kinj; beleued hi.s wordes, and iherwiih prytielye with 
 the .lyde of the other llandes, confpired a,L;ainll the .'spanyardes, and toke or llew as many of them as ( amc to 
 a luinket whereuiilo they were bidden viiiler pretem e of frcmllliip. Among the whi(h ,ilfo, Scrr.inus the 
 Captaine w.is t.ikiii priefoin-r. I!ut the refydiic of the Sp.inyard<-s which rem.iymd in the (liippes, l)eviif,' taught 
 and w.irned by the eii) II chaunce which befell to theyr comp.inions, and fe.iring greater deceytes and < onfpira- 
 ties, lyft V]) their ankers ami gauc wiml to their fayles. In the nieanc tyme wa.s Serr.inus brought Ituuml to 
 the fe.i b.iiikfs, dcl'iring his comp.inions to delyuer or redcnie hfiii from that horrible captiuitie of hys enemies. 
 I'et the Sp.ini.irdcs, all eil they toke it for a dillnmour, to leaiic or forlake theyr Ciptayne, yet fe.iriiig framle or 
 further dillimiilacion, they liiyleil afyde from lli.it II. mil, and came to the ll.indes off///',/// .mil JWii<: In this 
 mayne I'e.i. wire two great llandes, wherof the one was called SiMi, and the other J'onu the lelfc, where our 
 men were wel entreated. The inhabitantes rX JWne honourc th«? furmt- and the mone: they kcrpo atfo a <erlayii 
 ( iuile iuftii e .uvl freiidly lutie one to another. .And aboue all thinges, defyre peace and ydlcncs. Therfore 
 theii (hiefe liiidie is, in no cifc to mulefte their neyghbouros or ftraungers. or to b- iniurious to .inyp man. 
 'I'hey haue lylllc houfes. made of earth and wood, and couered partely with rubbillie, and partly with ye bowes 
 of date trees. They take .is in.inyu wyues as they are able to k^'pe. Theyr < onion meat, is fwi h as they t.iic 
 by foulingc or fiffl'.inge. Tlu y make bread of ryce: and drinke, of the liiiiior whiche droppeth from the 
 br.iunches (if d.ile trees, ciitti'. .Some vfe iii.in li.iimdyfe in the ll.indes Hereabout them: Ibme apjilic them- 
 feliies to Iii"itini;e .ind fyflhing, and fome to luilbimlrv. Theyr ajiparell, is of Goliampine cotton. 'I'hey liauo 
 greate abumlaum e of cimphyre, ginger and cinommiie. 
 
 C //('Ti' the Sp<rjii(i^'(tes came fo the Ihiiutes ^y^ Molucca, mut 0/ the 
 feople loitlt i^reat haui^ing ean's. 
 
 IV.irle* a^ I'lBfl*- 
 ji> liirllc ilmica 
 
 A in.inK'I.ni\ liiji 
 khcin.ha 
 
 Mill »iil< 
 
 111.' .^pani. lilies takiiige theyr Icaiie of the king of l\<rtu\ departed: dyrecting theyr viage 
 lowarde the ll.indes of .Mi''iit„t, whiche were nnwcd vnto them by the fame King. They 
 came fyrft to the joftes of the Ilande calleil So/o, where are found I'earles as bygge as 
 turtle doiies egges : but they are g.ithered in the depth of the fea. The inhabitantes 
 of this Ilande, at fuche tiiiiie as the Spanyanles came theihcr, toke a flietfyflhc of fuche 
 hiiudgi bigiies y.il the llcllie tlierof w.iyrd. xlvij. pound weyght. W lierby it is ippar.iunt yat 
 great pe.irli s (boiild be found there lorafmm li as peailes are the byrlh of i ert.iyn fliellilhes. 
 Kiom hence thti c.ime to the 11. mil of ililoiM^ in which are certayn people hailing hanging eares of 
 fiiih length, th.it tiny h.mg dowiie to theyr llioiililers. \\lier;it :is the Spani.irdes marueyled, the men 
 
\0f ilic umr Iiia'in, aiiJ Ihuhh's in i/ic Wcsf Occnu Sau &<'^ 
 
 of thi- II. mil loUle tli<ni, iliat not f;irrc from tlniicc w.is aimtlKT llaml in wliirli witc a kind of men, not oncly 
 with hanging circs, but alfo witli i-ari'S of fuc-ho lircadlh ami length, that with one of ihein tin v myghte louer 
 thcyr hole henl. Itiit the S|)anyar(le.s, who fonghte for gold and fpyies, and not for niondcrs, fayletl dyrectly to 
 the llainlrs of .I/li///,-,f;, wlure they arryued, the evulite ironeth after the death of their goiiernoiir J/i;c'//i/""'. 
 'Iliefc 11, Hides are f\ ue in noinnhre, the names whenif ire thele 'J'luiraiit, Miit/ii/, '/7ii,/,<>i, A/,ii<; and Mallniii. 
 Some of U«.m arc fyluato on thys fyde the EiiuinofiitiH lyne, fomc vnder it, and foii.e beyonde it. Some 
 l)earc rlones, foine Niitniegges, and fome Cinomonie. 'I'liey are nut f.irre diflaunt the me from the other. 
 'I'hcy are lint little and n.irowe. The inh.diitantes are very i)()ore, heeaiife ther is no em re.ife of anye 
 other thin;:e faiiiiij; onely of fpyces. They lyue with hread and f\llie, anil fometime | oiiiiigi.iyes. They 
 liirke in lowe cot.ijjc.-i : .And in lyne, all thiiii^es with them are defpiiaMe and \ile, In fide [leace, idknes, 
 and f|iyres. In 'lliidori is (;reat plentie of i;loiie.s, as alfo in 'J'linnitc ami Malliieii. The trees wliii h 1)rin);e 
 forth ( ioues, grottc not, l>nt on roikes and hroken ( litfes, which fonietinie tliey grow fo thlrke, that they 
 appcare lyke a lyttle woode or groiie. 'I'his tree, liothe in leailes, biggenes, and heynht, is mti< h l\ke miIo the 
 haye tree. It lnireth the fniile in ye to]i|ies of enery liraimehe. The luidde f|prin;<th oMt fyrll, and then in 
 it the llonre, not mm h vnl.!. the lloiire of an or.mge tree. The cloue is fyrll redile : hut after lieyng ficiiilud 
 liy the heate of the fonne, it is ni.ide lilaeke. 'I'he iidiahitamites deuide the groiies of thefe trees lielwene them, 
 as we doc the vynes. 'I'he llanil o( Miil/ii/, hringetli forth cinomome. This tree, is fnl of fniall hraunehes ai^il 
 liaren, bell Ivkiiij; in a drye foyle, and is very like vnto the tree, th.it !)e.ireth the |)om^ran.ile. The barke of 
 this live, by rcilini of the grcit heate of the fonne, rjlin^ fri>m the br.iiiiK Ins, or bodie of the f.iine, i:i g.ithered 
 and tlried at the fonne, and is fo in.ide jierl'ti te < iiiomome. Neare vnto this, is another ll.md, ealled 
 Jiiilii, greater and Iarj;er, then an\ e of the llandc; of Afo/iiciii. In this Hand jiroweth the Niitmegge, whofe tree 
 is bit;>;e and highc, and niiuh l)ke vnto the walniitte tree, for as is the walnutte, fo is this friiito defended with 
 a doiiiilo rouerinj;, as fyrlle with a greiie Iniike, vnder the whiche is a thinnc (kinne or rimine like a 
 nelte, enciMniiallinL; the lliell <if the nuttc : wiiii h (kiime we rail 'he Howre of the mitmegLie, but of tl'.c 
 Spany.irdes, it is i-.illed mn e, an excellent and liuKriiiie f|')ie. The other ( ouering, is the llall of the luitte, 
 within the which is the fruilc it felfe, wliiih we till ye nuttnegge. (linger groweth here and there in all 
 the Ilatides of this .7/,7///.-.'i/<,'/«, or mayne fea. Of the whiche, fom. is fowen, and tome groweih of it 
 felfe. I'.iit that which is towen, is the belter. The licrbe of this, is lyke vnto that whidi bearelh l.iflVane 
 and huh hys roole, (whiih is f linger,) much l)ke vnto the fame. In this meane time came two other fliyppes 
 out of .sp.ijne : whereof the one fayled direi lely to the poynte lA Aphriui, called J'li'int'iitii ium hiiic fpi'r. \w\ 
 the other by the greate inayno .South fe.i, to the coafles of that continent or fynae land wiureof we haut- fpukcn 
 here beefore. It fli.illfulT) fc th.it we haue' helherto ded.ired of the nauigai ions whiche the .Sp.iny.irdes attinipted 1 y 
 the Welle to fayle into the I',.ilte, by the (lr.i\ghte of .\fti:;,//,tin)S, where the palT.ige by Sea is open into the l'..ille, 
 by the contineiite i ! Ivrme lan<le of the newe worUle, (.tiled .h/irnVii. N\)we therelore lette vs retourne to the 
 other Nauigaiions of L\>!iimliis, <)therwyfe lalled tiic Adinyr.dl, who longe beefore w, is the f\rll f)iider of 
 ihe newe Ibndcs, and of the fayde mayiie or fyrine land, and )et founde not tli.il lliayghl oi narow fe.i, b) ilie 
 which A/.i-i/i'iiiiits favled iVoiu the Well into the l!ail. 
 
 C '///(' (Iiy>\h' ihviii^iiiioii c'/ChriCioplKtiTis rcUinibus. 
 
 \ the yeare of Chrirt. i |i).S. Cohiinhin the .\diiiyr:il di parted from Sii,i\ne with evght fnilles, 
 .iiid .irryued iMil .it the Ilandcs of .\tu/ii,i, where he iIciimIciI h\s naiile into two partes, 
 lur. \. of til. le lhip|ics he directed to the ll.ind of //i//>a>hi: and with the r> lidiie, he l.nled 
 tiAv.irde the Imitli, eiililidingc* to jKlffe ouer the . /■.'(/«/«ii7.i// line, and iVoin thellle to turiie 
 towaidc the Welle, to fe.irc Im fiiche 1. miles as were hetlu rto \nknowen to liir (hrillian men, 
 Coliiiiig therfore to r<///// //.•//,//■, he failed to the burning line, <.illid 7 '//</./ ;.'«,; where lie 
 found (o great heate, that he was in daunger of death : but rciiirninge his llivppes towardf 
 lliv Wv.;, ;.. !. ..ml a more holefon'.e ayre and (as (lod woiildi') came at the length to a l.mde well inh.ibyted, 
 where there came ngaynll him .iiid his, a bote with, xxiiij. yourijt men, armed with bowes, arrowes, and filicides, 
 roueriiig only iheyr priiiie members with a clothe of tloflampine cotton, hailing dfo very longe heare. The 
 aduiir.dl, (.i> well .is heiciild by figms) .illured them to comniiiiiii .ii ion. liiii thev tiiilUil not our nun, fearing 
 fome ilei..ue. The .Admirall iHTCcauiug (hat he rould noiiglii preii.iyle, by fignes anil tuLcns, he determined 
 vMih Muliial inflrumentes to .ippeafe their wildneffe. As the mmllrelks therefore l.l.»f theyr tliaulmes, 
 I'i ■ barb.trous people drew ne.ire, fiifpeciing that noyfe to bee a token of w.irrc, whereupon they m.ide ready 
 i' >r bowes and arrowvs. I'ut the .Spailial'des drawinge nearer viUo them, c.illc <erl.i)ne app.inll inii lliejr 
 
 35 
 
 Th-' sp.iny.ir'Iti 
 ;irriue .it ilie 
 
 riic trcr t*iH 
 Itv-trvth cioitcs. 
 
 I'he ciiittmoiie 
 
 riic luiiiiu'i' tree 
 
 M.i.c 
 
 
 ;i(liiiVt.(l. I'l.'-i 
 riiitlt-r ofitii new 
 
 !. . Mf 
 
 Tlu- II, 
 
 A/..frr 
 
 ///.t/^trnt or 
 
 r.re (!»-• hr.ilr\ti'lci 
 till' t ariiini; lynu. 
 
 |Hvtlllill( 
 
 II 
 
36 
 
 UuM iinJ I'ciirlcs 
 
 I'ttHli-ith-t 
 
 The SiMnvir>lf* 
 rcftitv tu uiiry tlic 
 aiiiiur.ll 
 
 /'.in'iis 
 
 Pr.irl«-« for Ik 
 aihI iictlltit 
 
 IV.. -Ics. 
 
 Til*. Kfiji'm c 
 Tlir r« ^im o( 
 
 tlHtitH.t 
 
 l'9CiHe« 
 
 (ioMfurUlkv 
 
 Arnnniit MwMP 
 llie wiltl Mu II •intl 
 the .Sp4ii\.iMti:N 
 'lite KciiK'ii uf 
 /'.tyru. 
 
 SaitU«rk 
 The ircc yal 
 
 bcarrih tiusut 
 
 A ritoiiMvruut 
 
 \0f the itcic'c India, and Ilandcs in the West Ocean Sea, £-r.] 
 
 l)i)to, williiij,' liy lliis tdkfii of frcn(i(liiii[)L- to ((iiuilo tlicm, allli()Uf,'h all wore in v.iyiio. For iluy (led all awaye. 
 WliLTtfoiv the Ailmyrall ili|)artiii;.^ fr.nn tlKiici'. i aim: to a region ralKd /'iiiiiu, wol inlialiitcd and fill of ciiiile 
 jicoijlc, di< taring nun lie huniaintic toward (Iraunj^ers. 'I licy llicwcd our men I'earles and (lold, and faeli other 
 riches, defyring them to come a land, where they gentelly entreated them. When our men afked them where 
 they had fiiche pleniie of golde : they (with home jjoyntinj,' was in the (ledc of fpeech) declared by fignes and 
 tokens, thii tlui had it in (eri.ivne inoiintaines. and that thei <'onld not without f;reat datinger relort thelher, liy 
 reafiin of certaine fearfe healUs in lliofe partes, and alU) liecaufe of the cruel! people called Ciiiiihalis, whichc 
 inhaliite thofe niount.iynes. lint the Admiral, hecaufe his whoatc fayled, was cnforfed to departc thence. 
 l>yre< tinge therfore his viage tow.ird ye .North eal\e, he came to the Hand of I/i/f'iViir, where he found 
 all thinges confouniled ,inil out of ordre. I'or the .Spany irdes whi( h were lefte in the llandis. refufed to olieye 
 the .\dniir.dl ai\d his hrother, mouinge greiious tom[)layntes agaynlle them before the King of Spaine, and at 
 the length fenle iheiii ihelher bounil. 
 
 €1 I/o:i'e Pctriis Wonhx'?, /oiighte iird'C Ihindes. 
 
 1 ler that the Adinyrall h.ulde incurred the indignacion of the Kynge, manyo of his companions, 
 fill he as h.idile been brouglile \ jjpc with him. and were e\|M'rte .Se.i menne, dec reede to 
 fe.ir( he other p.irlesof the worlde yet vnknowen. Among whit h number was /'i/riis .l/iin/iis, 
 who witli a fl»ipi)e wel furnillied, fayled to /'itriiis, and from tluiice to Cii.t,iiiii, where he 
 begon to exircyfe merdi.uindife with the inh.diit.intes, receauinge I'earles for belles aiul 
 UedKs. r.ntring alfo into the land, he was honour.ibl'' entert.uned. In their wnodes, he 
 faw innunur.dile I'eatoikes, nolliingi' \iil\ke vnto oures, failing that the males differ litle 
 from the fem.iKs. In this rigimi are great pleniie of riiefrntes. Aloiifin deiiartinge from heiife, faileit to the 
 region of 6'///.7//i/r-.t, beynge fixe dayes fayling Iroin Ciirtiin.i, toward the Well. In this region is great abun- 
 d.iiince of golde, I'oiiingi.iyes, ( lollampiiie foltoii, and niolle temperate ayre. I''rom hence he fiyled into 
 another fruileful region, but iiih.ibilid wiih wilde meiuie, wliii li (duld by no geiilihus be .illiired to freiulllii)ppe. 
 Pep.irtinge tlieret'ore froui theme, he c.ime to the region of C'/ii/\i/i,i, whereas |pe.irles are Ibund in great |ilentie: 
 but befori' he t.ime there, Iw (h.iiinc ed to come ainonge the ('<uii/>ii/is: agaynll whom, difeh.iigeing a piece of 
 ordinaiiiu c, he dioue them talVly to (light, liut Aloiifiu laden with pearles, relumed home into .Spayne. 
 
 C //o:,'e rinzoiius, companion to the .ldi)iiyall,fono^ht neiee I/nndes. 
 
 Iiuriiliiis. otherwife cilled riiiz,<niii in the yeare of t'hrille. i.p)')- prepired fmire brigantincs, 
 and fiiled fvrll to the llandis of duhuhi. and from ihiiice to Cn/'iil inii,u- I'roiii wlu'iue 
 direc tinge his Ni.igc- toward the foiilli f.uii beMHide (lie /■'.i/iiiiioi'^iui/ \\\\i:, he found nun in a 
 rertayne Il.iiid. but fuc h as he could by no nieanes concyle vnto liim. Therefore leauiivjo 
 them, he came to another l.mde, in whic he were iniuimerable naked people, dillimiiling that 
 thei defired to ioyne frendfliip with the .Sp.iniaides. And whereas one of our men calle a. 
 bell .luionge them oiite of the Ihipp'', they againe c ,ill to the .Sp.in\.irdis a mafle or jiicce c)f 
 goMe : whii h, one of oiire coinpanye fomewhat to bolde, altemptiiige to take vp, they focieyiilye toke him and 
 caried him .iiv.iyc; with nu riieyloiis fwiftenes: Ixit our men teauing their lliip|ies, made hall to help their fellowe, 
 in fo mile he lli.it the muter came to handllrokes. This conflict was fo Ibariie, that our men hadde nine h a doe 
 to cfi.ipe w\lh tlieyr lyiles. by re.ifoii c>f the' fearfeui's of the barbari iiis, I )e)i.ittiiig therefore iVoin llunce, they 
 fiylcd tow.inl the .Nortlie.ille. and i iiiie to the region of /Uyrd, aiicl to the ll.indes neare aboute the fame in 
 the whit In ,ire wotHles of finders wherewith the ni.irt hauiites l.itle they.' Ih'ppes, aiitl c.irie il into other coun- 
 tieys. In this Region alfo growc the trees, whit he beare Ci\J'si,i fijhilii of the belle kynd. There is alfo foiinde 
 a iViiire foted beall of nionlln.ns lliape, whofe former parte is l\ke vnto a wolfe, failing that tin- feete are lyke 
 Milo the fete of a m.iii, with i les like an owle; ll.uiinge .ill'o innealh his cduioii belye, an other bclye lykc 
 MUo a ])iirfe or b.igge, in whicii he kepetli his yonge wheliies fo longe. vntyll ihey be .ible fifclyto wander 
 alirode alone, and to geat theyr nicate withotite the lu-Ipe of ilnyr parents. 'I he whelpes while tiny are very 
 yong, niiier come out of this bagge but when they fuc kc. This portentous beall with lur three wlnlpes, wa» 
 broiigliie to Ciiiilo ill S]),iine, and from tluiii !■ in ui.i'ui/a. 
 
[Oy the ncioc Im/ia, ami Iluiuics in t/ic IVcst Ocean Sea, «lrf.j 
 
 37 
 
 
 •1 Of tlic fonre naitigacions r/ Amcricus Vcfputius to titc nc:.r Ilauiics. 
 
 Mcriciis Vifputins, licyng fcnt with Chri/I,>/>/ioriis Cottimhus, in tin.- ycaru of C'liriil. M.(((r.\rij. 
 at the comiiiaunilcmcnt of Fcnlinando King of Callile, to Ickc vnknowcn l.uuK v, .iml wlI 
 innnKti.'(l in faylin^ on the fca, after a fewe ye;Tes, fet f(;r\v;:r(l fuure vi.i.ms of h\s owne 
 proper eharf,'es. That is to witte, two vnder tlie fayd King IViili'\ iihIo, and two other vnder 
 Emanuel, king of I'ortugale, of the which he hiinfelfe wr) teth aittr tliis maner. 
 
 C TIte fyyjle viage (?/" Amcricus Vcfputius. 
 
 N' llie yere of C'hrill, M.rrcr.xcvij. the. .vx. dayc of M.tye, we (anie with fonre fliippes, to 
 tlie fortiMiate llandes, called Inj'uhc /.iiti'iiiitu; wlKTe tile North pole lialli his eleua( ion. 
 xxvij. degrees, and. xl. minutes. Ar.il from thence ivitliin the .'"p;i>'e of. xxvii. daycs, 
 we came to a land more Wcfiw.irde then the fortiMiate Uandi.s, where the North pole 
 was eleuatc. xvi. degrees : where alfo we founde a nacion of iMked people, of innumerahle 
 nndtitiide, whiche as foiie as they fawe vs, tied to the next iaounia\ne. From lience 
 within two dayes fayling, we came to a f.il'e |)ort wher we foiimle m.mye men, aIik h 
 with nuieh adoe, we could fcart ely allure to communicac ion, alth< ugh we profered them lielles, hkinge 
 glall'es, crillallyne cupjies, and fuche other ivweJles. hut at the length pereeauing oi.r good wyll an<l 
 liberalitie towarde them, they came to vs liy heaj-es, and ioyned frend(hy_ with vs without all feare. They 
 goe all as naked as they came forth of llxir mothers wc.mWe. They fulln.' no heare on their hodie fai;ing 
 only on theyr liead, in fo much that they pulo^'jye lie:ires of their browes. They are all I'o p.'rie. tclyi 
 exercyfcd in fwinuninge, that they can continue therein, fi.T the fpace of two leages without any tllinge to heare 
 them vp and efpeciallye the women. Tlieyr weapons aie howes and arrowes. They anne theyr arrowes with 
 ye teeth of liealles and fylhe.s, bycaufe they lade Iroii and other inel.ils. 'I'hey kepe warre againll their 
 borderers w!ii( he are of llraunge language. Thiy fyght not for the enlargeing of theyr dominion, foralinuche 
 a.s tluy h.me no Magillrat^s: nor yet for th[e]increafe of riches, becaufe thei are contellte wiili their ortiie com- 
 modities: but onely to reueng; the death of theyr |)redicelfours. At ineyr meate, they vfc ri.<ie ami barberous 
 fidiions, lying on the ground without any table clothe, or couerlet. They (lejie in terlayne greate neltes inade 
 of (lolVampine cotton and hanged a lofte in the ayre beetwine trees. Theyr bodies are verye fmothe ami dene 
 by re.ifon of tlieyr often walliinge. Tliey are in other thingts fyllhy and vithoute (hame. Thei vie no lawliil 
 coniuui tion of m.iriagc, but eiiery one h.uh ;ls many women ar> him lulclli, and le.iueth lliemagaynat his 
 pleafure The women are very fruiteful, ami rcfufc no laboure al the wh, le they ari: with <hilde. They 
 tr.uiayle in maner wiihotite payne, fo tiiat the nexlo day they are iherelull ami able to walke. Nevther 
 !.aue they theyr bellies wrimp( leil, or lool'e, and lunginge p.ipi)es, by le.ifon of be.iringe manye children. 'I'heyr 
 hoi'fesand cabbens, are all in ((.nunon. Theyr houfes are l.ilhyonnl lykc \nto belies : are made of greate trees 
 fillened together, couercil wylh the leaiies of date trees, and maile very llronge againll wind and tempelles. 
 They are alfo in fome place.s fo great, that in one of them fixe hundreth perfonr- may khlgc. Thei vfe cuery 
 fiiunth or eyght ye.ire, to remoue and chaungc theyr .Iwelling places, becaiife that liy iluyr longe conlinuaunce 
 in one pl.ice, the ayre Ihoulde bee infected. They vfc no k>nd of mar< liaundife or b)ing .'inl felling, beyng 
 content onely with that which nature li.ith Ufte them. .\s for (iolde, Tearles, ))recioiis llones, iewelles, 
 and I'uehe other tliiugis. wliiih we in Kurojia elUine as pkafures anil delieates, they fette noiighte by. I hey 
 h.uk' no k) iide of I orne. Theyr common fedinge, is a certiyne rootc whiche they lirye and bcite and make 
 lloiire or me.ile therof 'J'liey eate no k\nd of llertie except mans fleflie : f )r they eate all fui he as tin y kyll in 
 ilie)r waires, or o(tjlierwife i.ike by i h.iunco When we lud thus vewe<l the countreye, and conlydered the 
 lu.niers of the people, we uetermyned to fiyle further, downe by the landes I'yde, and came alter a few daies, to 
 a lerlayn liauen, where we fawe .ibout tweiuie greate houfes, r.iyfed Nppe muche afti'r the ladiion of belles. 
 Tiiere came vnto vs a groat multitude of men viuler preteiife of fiemlefliip. Some fwimminge, and fome in 
 boles. Willi, as fone as thei drew neare Mito vs. fodeynly bent theyr bowes .ii^.iinl'l vs, where we ilefi'iided oure 
 I' Ines m.inruljy. In this biikeriige, we (lewc of them alioul tweiitie, beefjde manye that were wounded ; liiit 
 'I our iiK-iv Were onlye fyue hurie, wimhe were all iK.rlecteIye healed. Thus deparlinge from this hauen, we 
 1.1) led u^ ami came H) another nacion, in conuerfa< ion and tongue vtterlye dillering troiii the fyrll. I'or 
 »»« ., J „ 
 
 Kvri!iii iiiilu kinge 
 of cost tie. 
 
 Inmlr ft*»thfi,it,9. 
 
 Nakcit iiicttitc- 
 
 1 
 
 I WyltJc men 
 
 j ,-.IUirc"l wiih 
 
 Kcntlc»c!t 
 
 I IVopIc cx|M:rl iii 
 
 HIIIUIIIM^C. 
 
 bctwccric ircc* 
 
 Women in 
 conmicii. 
 
 Wiifiipn very 
 Mroniir: .iitil 
 fruUrul. 
 
 U Mtics made nf 
 trcc«. 
 
 Ilnii«e« of 
 maruelous bignet. 
 
 Ry.hr«.ui.t 
 
 MII)«rHtlilr% 
 
 I I'lilcmnril 
 nrr:i<1 of a cr.ri liti 
 
 f.M.le. 
 
 A cnnlNcI 
 
r 
 
 38 
 
 1^ 
 
 A <{<.-nt'j tiaLion 
 Parias. 
 
 Fniitr^ vitUkc 
 vnlii uuic%. 
 
 G»il ) every wlieie, 
 C'tir/Ai/r*. 
 
 An evpciii* \- 
 ai(j>n*i ye 
 C'lnj/ii/fi 
 
 The /"ym/'win //'.»/ 
 line. 
 
 Cii'tihitlet 
 
 *mh 
 
 ua 
 
 
 
 Broad t«iuMlk 
 
 The fiHt«l of 
 
 A h'ln.irrth an^ 
 aa«. |<r4f(c« in ^ 
 
 [0/ f/ic ucii'C fiidid, and Ihiiuics in the IVvst Ocean Sea, 6V.j 
 
 ••niiimin;.; (iiiti. of our fliiiipc, \vl' wltc very fri'ivlly (.'iitriMtii! of ihcin, wlurc we ('i>ntimicil for tin.' fp.ice of nyne 
 tlaycs. 'This rcj^ion is wryc f.iyri', ;mv1 fniitL-full, liaiiiii^c iiianyc I'U'.ifiiini wooilcs, wlii<h roiuiiuic uniic all llie 
 ycarc lom;i.'. 'I'licy hauc fniitrs iniiiiiiK-ralilo, vUcrlyc vnl)kf viito ourcs. The Region is fituate (lyre< telye vntler 
 tlie lyne, (.illcil 'J'lv/'iiiis CdiUri. 'I'lte inlialiilam;-s tluin fellies, call it I'aritis. .S;iylinj^c farrc lieyoiul this 
 ke;4ioii, ami ouerpallinne inanyc toiintreyes and nacions, fyixlin^e ("ioM euery where, (Iml in no great 
 <liiantitir) we came to another na( ion full <jf j^'eiilKiielfe and hinnanitie, where we relied, xxxvij. dayes. 'I'hefc 
 lieople made greiioiis (iini|ila)nte vnlo vs, th.it ilure was not farre from them, a .x-rtayne fearfe and cniell 
 nacion, wliiche vuxi.'(l ilu'ni fore, and made im iirfion into thcyr coiintrcye at a certaync tyme of the ycarc, 
 kyiliiige them and violentlyc carying tluin awaye, to thfe [intent to eate them, in fo niiuhe that they were not 
 alile to defend tliem fellies aL;ainlle theyr feaifenelfe. Uliii he thiiige when they h.idde fo laiiienlahlye declared 
 vnto vs, anil we 'i.idde ni.ide lliem ])iom\le th.it we woiilde reiieni;e theyr fo manye iniiiries, they ioyned vnli) 
 oiire re inii.iny feiieil of lliey men. Tliii-. we weiite forward : and after feiien dayes, came to an ll.mde, called 
 //:■: where liiele fearfe jieople dwelte Who, as fone a.s they haddc cfpycd vs, came armed agaynfle vs. 
 We io\ned wiili tlieiii in I).ittaile, wliich contynueil for the fpace of twoo hoiires. At the length we 
 droi'e them to tlyghte, and llewe ami woundeil a greatc niimlire of them, and toke. xxv. r.ipiiues. Ihit of oiir 
 men wis oiiely or.e ll.iyne, and. x\i. wouiided, and (liortely after rertored to he.ilth. We g.iiie to thofe feiien 
 :;ien whicii went with vs, thre meiipe of o'.ire iirllouners ami foure women, whom with greate rtioyfiiigc 
 they airied with them into theyr cotintreye ; and we returninge liome toward Spainc, with many captiiies came 
 fvrlle ti> a pnrle of .Spayi.e called Ciiluiiini, where we folde oure priefoners, and were ioyefiillye receaiicd : In 
 the ycire of C'lirili M.ceci .\ci.x. the. xv. d.iye of (J< lohrc. 
 
 € 'lltc fccondc vidgc r^" VcTiiutius. 
 
 \' the moiutli of Nf.iy folowing ViJI^uiius attemptei' another viagc anil rnmc liy llandes of 
 t'.iii.iri.i, eiien vnlo the hutningc lyne, called 'Ionia i z,'iiit, and foiinde a lande lieeyonde the 
 /•.■.//.'///i'(7/ij/ iinc, lowartl the South, where the Somh '.wle is eleii.ite fyue degrce.s. And wIuTas 
 he collide f\nile no apte enteraunce into the l.md, and f.iyled vp and down aloiige hy the 
 lame, he el|i)eil a lioie in •.vliii h was .ilioiite twentie men : who, as fone as they fiw the Span- 
 N.iriks, lepte into the .Sea and efcapeil .ill, excejite two, whii h they toke. In theyr hole whi< h 
 they forfoke, were foiinde loiire young men which they lud by force t.iken oiite of another 
 rountrey, hauinge theyr priuie memher.'i newcl)e rutte of. Thefe, Vffpiiliiis toke into his nii|i|)es and learned by 
 thcyr fignes and tokens, that they h.iddc been taken of the Citnihalis, am! flioiild fliortly haiie been eaten. I'lit 
 «lv partinge from thefe colli s, and fivlinge on forward, they (.11. le to a commoilioiis haueii, where they fo.inde 
 niilche people, with wh<v,> iluy ioyne I frendllijj', and f.ll to chaungeinge of ware, rec-eaiiinge for one bell, fyiie 
 himdreth I'earles. In this lande the) drinke a cert.ayne kyn>le o( wyne, ni.ide of the iuyfe of friiites and fedes, 
 King lyke whyte and redde fydar. Departinge from hence, and faylinge yet further, they founde a certaync 
 II. mile in which was a beallly kiiid of people, and fimple, yet very gentle. In this ll.imle is no fieflie water : 
 but they g.ither the iK w whii h m the night feafon i'.dleth vpor cert.ijne leaties muche l\ke vnlo the care of an 
 ;\lfe. They Ivue lor the molle p.irte, by fea tilhe. They h.iiie no cotages or houfes : but h.iue certayne broade 
 leaiies, wherewidi thiy defende them fihies Iroi.i the heate of the .Sunne, but not from (liowres : but it is veryc 
 hkely, that it rayneth but lyttle in that lUnd. Vtifutius wyth his (iimpanye departinge from hence, fayled 
 Mito another llande ; int 'he whl« he when he hadde entered, he foiimk- certaync tot.iges, and in them two old 
 women, and three young lulus, whii he were of fo greate ll.ituri-. that they inarueyled thereat .\nd wliereas 
 our meiiae llryiieil with them to bringe them to the Ihyppe, to th[e]intente to haiie car)ed them into Spaync, 
 they efpyed coininge toward them fyxe ami thyrtie nun, yet of iniii he greater fl.iture then were the women, 
 bearing with them bowes, arrowes ami ^-at (lakes lyke vnto chibbes : at the fyghte of whome, oure menne 
 K-inge afrayd, niaile halle tn the\r lln:|»)w lliit thefe Civ.umtes folowii.ge them e.ien to the Se.ifwle, bcmhd 
 tSv-yr .t: "cs toss. inks the Spanyardes \«il)ll tin \ diK It-ifged two piei es of onlinaunces. wylh tile horryble 
 fmuwlc whereof, they were imi»«.-diatK dr.eiien to l^^t- thire menne tlurefore dejiartinge from theme, called 
 that Ituvle the llande of Gi.iiimt.'s. .Xml can>v' In- amttiier na» ion, which frendlye entreatetl them, and offered 
 them inanv I'eiirloi: in fo tnuche tlvtt they N.iighte. xix. markcs wcyghte of [H.-arles, for a fnial price. They 
 gaue VN .ilfo cert:i>ne (hcltylhev of the w^n K fome rontvvno! in them a hiimlreth and thyrtie I'earles, 
 an.1 hiOK.' li'wct. I)eiuirtiiit;e (ir*ti thcno they «ame to the llande of //////;,-//i/, wliuh Columhtu li.id difiouered 
 a irw ]*MMs K-frtrc. Ilieaail^ this, flKy foyktl <lii\Mvly to Caiiaum, a potie of SjKiyiie, where they were 
 huauMnMtv rec-aticd. 
 
\0J the ncwc India, auU Ihtmics in the I Vest Ocean Sea, &r.] 
 
 39 
 
 « The thyfi/e viai^e of Vifputiiis. 
 
 \l ■'■//' II tins bcyng called from Caflile to feme I'.in;inui.l llic King of Portiinale, in llic yearc 
 of ClirilTc. M. ccrcr. ij. llic tenll) (l.iye of May, (Imparled from tlie liaiicn of lilbunu'. and 
 faylcd downe liy the coades of the fca Atlaiitike, vnlil he came viider tlie Iu/iiiii,>ill>ii' lyne. 
 And the. xvij. daye of Auj^iille, they arrync<l at a ceriayni- lande where they found a kind of 
 Iieallly iieo|ilc. This land is fmiate toward the South, fyiie dejjrees heyonde the liquiiUHlial 
 lyne. A gteate multitude of the inh.diilantes wer (gathered togetlier, and as wel as they coulde 
 l>y fignes and |)o;ntin;;es, defired oure men to (onic alande and to fee lluyr countny. 'Ihere 
 were two in die (liippe, which luke vpnn them to ve«e the l.inde, and learuewluit fii\c(.s anil otiur commodiliis 
 nii),'ht lie li.ul therein. 'I'luy were appoynted to riturne within the f|i.ue of fiue daies at the vltermod. l!ut 
 when eyj^ht dayes were now palle, they whi<he remayned in the fliiiipes, heard yet nothing of theyr returne: 
 wheras in the nieane time great multitudes of other people of the fame lande reforted to the Sea fyde, Init eoulil 
 by no nn.anes lie allureil to eommunicac ion. Vet at the length they hroughte eert.iyue women, which lliewed 
 them fehies f.nuilier towarde tile Sp.miardes: Wherupon they feiit forth a young man, beyng very (Irong and 
 qilicke, at whcimasthe women wondered, and rtode gafinge on him and feling his apparell: there t ame fodeynly 
 a woman downe from a mountayne, bringing with her fee retely a great flake, witii whic h flie gaue him fuc h a 
 ftroke liehynde, that he fell dead on the earth. 'I'lio otiier womenne fcxirthwith toke him by the legges, and 
 drewe him to the mountayne, whyle in the mean tyme the men of the couiitreye came foorth with bowes and 
 arrowes, and fliot at oure men. liut the Spaniardes difehargeing foure ]iieces of ordinaunce agaynll them, 
 (Irouc them to llighte. The women alfo which had ll.iyne the yong man, cut him in jiieces cuen in the fight of 
 the Spaniardes, (liewinge them the pieces, and rofling them at agreate fyre. The men alfo made certayn tokens. 
 wheriiy they deel.ired that not |ufl. viii. dales betore, they h.id in lyke ni.mer ferued other ( lirillian men. 
 Wherlore ye Spaniardes haiiinge Jhus fuilayiucl fo greuous iniiiries vnreueiiged, dep.uted wilh eiiyl wil: fayling 
 thelfore further lo..ard ye foiith, they found a nac ion of great multitude, ancl of muc ii genteier cciudlc icins, with 
 whom thei remained, viij. dayes, bartering and changein;; war? with them. Sayling on yet f.inher, they went 
 beyond ye line called Tivpiciis Capiiconii, where the fouth ]iole is cleuale. ^2. degrees: and wheras in thofc 
 parts thei found no great riches, they l.iiled yet further fouthward vntill ye pole was eletiate. lij. degrees: where 
 thei came into lui h a tempelle, th.it they were eulorfed to gather vppe theyr layles, ;ind to rowe only wilh the 
 iii.ille, direc tinge theyr viage toward the colles of lilhiojiio, from whence they returned againe 10 i.ilburne 
 in rotlugalc. 
 
 € The f'nirth viage of X'cfputius. 
 
 Itis nauig:ition was :mem]ited in the ye.ire of Chrill. M.ccccc. iij. but was not brought to the 
 elide iioped lor, by reafon of a millortune which chaunced in the goulfe of the fe;i Atlaiitike. 
 I'iff>iitii4s entendetl in this viage to fayle to the Ilande of Milclui, beyng in the l'"all, in 
 which is l.iyde to be great ry« lies, and the llacion of reflinge pl.ic e of all Ihippes coiiiming 
 Irom the goiille (.'utii^itiiiis, and tVom the Indi.in Se;i. This Mililui. is fitu.ite nime toward 
 ihc Well, and ( 'lu'uut more cnclininge tow.irde the fouth. \'iff<utiiii can)e fyrll to ye greiie 
 ii.nides, called liifiiliC uniMs: and fayled from them to .Vr/v/Z/i'//,/, beynge in the Soiithe 
 |urtes of I'.ihiopia: from whence fayliiige on yet further, he fawe in the middell of the fea an Hand, high ;ind 
 menu vlous: where .ilfo the M[asller]. I'llate of this nauie, loll his lliippi' by running vpon a roc ke: but all the 
 mariners efcaped. 'I'his fliippe was of thre hundreth tunne, and h.id in it al the power of the n;iuie. When 
 \'ij[-iitiui h.id entered into the il.ind, he found it nide and viih.ibited: yet was it full of byrdes: but IkuI no 
 be:illes i-\cept l.ileries with forked t;iyles, and .Seqientes. Thus makinge |iroiiilion for ncceU.iries, he was 
 enforced to rcturne to poruijjalo, failing of his piirpofe. 
 
 'Die sc.i AlUnlike. 
 
 ■niri-..„filii! 
 S(i.iny.iritc!i kLtyna 
 una cilvii. 
 
 KcirM* .ind cnicle 
 
 H 111111:11. 
 
 ..|.lc. 
 
 cIl-iliIc. lijt'k'ijricil. 
 I.ikbunie. 
 
 mfUhti. 
 
 Un 
 
 lUiHi'tt u 
 A ^l,iH• • 
 
 
40 
 
 \0f tlic )ic\i'c Iiuiia, and llaiuks in the I Vest Ocean Sea, &c.] 
 
 I 
 
 1^ 
 
 1>llll (tic III lllC 
 
 K.isu- li.irlc^w 
 AIM"""" 
 
 ^■kfrSl>MrxHl. 
 'I'lie grcu .iirt 
 t^ Itc lytlt iif 
 M-iU, 4.1 
 SMr.ti cut. 
 M'l/ili Ail ItciL-^. .1 
 
 Til.- kmi; liulilclli 
 utl .III cli:|i)i.inl. 
 
 Dvitty of ciifficr. 
 
 Mait:h.-iunlL 
 
 'I'lie .rylio iif (J.iA. 
 
 The .\nil..T<vi.I..r» 
 IILlltL* A Ic.i^iic 
 wytli A//MoHiiti 
 
 The wrsi Tamil-* 
 
 .V.IK. M 1 '"I 
 
 Siigcr prcMi'^ 
 ITic «.«kI iilLa 
 
 Cm.I/iI.NW. 
 
 Affjfrl Ml 
 
 S.twe milium. 
 Fayre IrM 
 
 € //t;7c' //rc' /w,^'^ o/ Poytii^alc fidniitcd cert ay n places in India', 
 and of the yyche Cytie r^" Mahicha. 
 
 pi >r,ifi)iii( Ik' as thcriiorc in llic ycarcs f<jlowin}^i', tlnri.' were more often naiiigacions made from 
 the Well l>y tile fouth into the luill, aiMl the I'ortiig.'le.s had now founde a fafc pulTage by 
 ye fea, they tlioiijjht it ixjiechent for theyr hettrr fifetie, to ni.ike cerlaiiie fortifieations and 
 pl.u es of reUige in the Katie. The whirli theyr intent tlie better to accomplinie, Kinj; 
 l-'.ni.iruiel a]i|)oynte<l one Alplum/iis an experte man on the fea, to he captayne of this viage. 
 Who, defyrini; to reiicuKe' the lolTes and iniuries which the I'ortiii,'ales liad iu-fore furtained, 
 fayled (hre< tly to Aural C/iit/oiii/iis, now called A/a/<u/hi, a nienieyloiis great and riehe 
 < ille. ulmfi kill- is an iiifydel of the fecte of the Moores: for eiien thus farre w.is the fecte of Malumul eMeniled. 
 .t/f>/h'ii/iis tlurlMre at his coming thetlar, hefieged the cytie, and m.ide w.irre a^ayiill the S.ira< ens \\hi< he helde 
 the fame. In this conflict a (,'reate nonmber of theyr enemies l)eynj,'e ll.iyne, the I'ortuj^ales cntred into the 
 citie liy forfe and kept the fame, pennittin,' free lihertie to theyr fotildiers to fpoyle, kyll, and hurne, '1 he 
 kin.L; himfelfe, t\>;litinj,' vpon .m l!leph.inte, and lieyng fore wounded, lledde with the refydue of his i ompanye. 
 .\ 1,'reate nunihre of the .Moores were ll.iine with the lolle of a fewe I'lirtiigales: inan)e were t.iken, .ind great 
 f|><>yle c.irieil awaye, in the whiche were feuen l^lephantes, and all kyndes ol ordmannces perieyning to tlie 
 w irres, ni.ide of copper, to the noumhre of two thoiifande pieces. The cytyu beinge thus t;iken and facked, 
 and the enemyes drieuen to th>;hte, Alphonfiis the Caimayne the better to prouyde for tlie fauef,'ardc of the 
 Chrillians, buylded a llr.inn forte at the mouth or entraunce of the riuer which lUiiiRlh lhroUL,'h ye citie. .At 
 this lime, tliat ii; to witte, in the yeare of t'hrill. NF. cc<:cc. .\ij. there were in Miilttclui m.iny llraiingers and m.ir- 
 cli.iunlis of dxiierfe nacions, whereby the cytie was replenillied with great ryrhes and aliund.iunce of fpy<es. 
 'I'he)i)f theyr owne mocion, defyred to nuke a leage with ///^//(w//«, and were of liini gently rereaued : So 
 th.it tor th.eyr better fafetie, he permiited them to riwell in the houfes ne.ire about the forte. And by this 
 meanes, this m.irketle lowne w.is reedil'ied and broughte to inui he beder Hate than euer it was before. Tliefe 
 thinges thus h.ippely atchiiied, and al thiiiges in M,i!,uliii fet in guml order, All'hoiifus leaning in tiie forte a 
 ganifon of. vi. hundreth v.ili.inte fouldiour.s, returned into India, where he belieged the (hiefe callell of the 
 cytie of C/"<'i/, which (he) a lewe yeares bceforc, hadde with no fnial daunger of our men, and great flaughter of 
 their eiuniies, fubdued \ niler the dominion of I!m.inuel kynge of I'orliigale, and was now poffeffed of the nmres, 
 he ni.infully reiouered ag.iyne. and enforfeil them to render \|) the fiuie. .Mfo the anibalfidours of tile Kinge 
 of -\i(/;////t,-i;, the Kinge ol ri(wA;/i/, and the King of lliojopliii with the legates of d)uers other kinges and 
 Princes, ottered them felues to be at a leage wyth Alplioiifui,Aw\ thereupon broughle theyr prefeiites \nto hym. 
 No leffe power and dominion obt.iyned the king of .Spayne in the Ilandes of the Welle partes: In fo nitichc 
 that at his ciimm.iiindeuient, were buyhled fi\e townes in the Ilande of CiiKi. l.ykewyfe in tiK ll.unle of 
 lii,;>litii,i, was biivldeii a gre.ite cytie wytli f.iyre houfes. The Ilande of Coziiiih/ut, the .Spiny.inlis (.illed 
 Siiiiiiii Crux, beecaiife they c.ime fyrlle thether in Mave, on the daye of the Inuen(ion ol the (,'rofle. In the 
 II. Hide of /////,///</ or llifp,uii,<lii, were erected. 2S. fugcr prelTes, to preffe ye fugre whi( he groweth iiKntil'ully 
 in certaine c.ines or reiles of the fame countrcy. From hence alfo is brought the woo<l of (iiiitiihiiw, other 
 wyfe called, /J^niim Siiiutitm, wherewith dyuerfe difeafes are healed by the order of the newe dyete. 
 
 C (y the I/and of Medcra, and the forfnnate Ihindes, othemy/e 
 called the Ilandes r)/"Canaria. 
 
 twene Spiino and the Ilandes of Caiiaria, is the Ilande of Mul<r,j, wlii( h the Spaniardes in 
 our time founde villi. ibited and filu.ige. liut perceauinge that the foyle thereof, was very 
 i'niilefull, they burnt the woodes. and m.ide the ground ajit to bringe foorth tonie, and 
 buylded niiny houfes. and fo tilh d the fiiiie, that at this d.iy is no where founde a more 
 Iniitedil l.iiiile. It liatli in it m.uiy fjiriiiges of freflhe water and goodly ryiiers, vpon the 
 which are b\lded m.inye fnve mjlles, wlurewiili nianye fayre trees, lyke vnto C'eder and 
 ('\|irriTe trees, are f.iweil and cut in funiler. whereof are lu.ule moll fiyre tables, coberdes, 
 cofers. and c h.iyres, ami lii< h other < urious workes m.ule of wm il. Tlufe trees are of redile coljiir, and fwetc 
 
) IIIIK lie 
 
 .mill' of 
 
 is ( .illid 
 
 In lliL' 
 
 nlil'ully 
 
 nil, tjilicr 
 
 f;- '^^\. i 
 
 1 r 
 
 
 V 
 
 < 
 
 i- ' :■—■ 
 
 .Sin;tr 
 
 Vyiici 
 
 'Pic It.imlvH o( 
 
 i limli.in> 
 
 A niminl %•( 
 ttiniinKt: 
 
 ^fUn^I.'Ill^ 
 
 fyg 
 
 [0/ ///(' iird>e /m/in, ami Ilnmlca in the I Vest Ocean Sea, €-e.] 41 
 
 faiiour, tlu' lioiliis .111(1 lir.iuiii liis whiriMifjiri- lnoii^liti' into Sp.iyni' in ^riai pK'ntii'. 'I'Ik' Kynj,'r of I'nrtiig.ilc 
 lliiiuglil it j^chiilc lo iil.inic ill this II. nnl, tli.it kyiiilf nf ridis in wliii li fiiucr };niwilli ; wluriin lie w.is not 
 (Ilcimik'iI in his oiiiiiicm: I'or lluy nr'>"i' thcri' nmlU' fniitcrully, and liciro fu^i-rwhiili cMclkth the fut;rc of 
 Cmdyc or Siii/ut. 'I'hcre were alfo vyncs liroiij^htc out of Cainlyu and planted in this llaiide, where they 
 jirofper fo wel, that for ye mode parte they liring forth more j^rapes then leaues, and thofe very ^reat. In this 
 Hand is alfo f^reat plentie of I'artriches, wyld doiies, and I'eaiockes, wild liores, and diners kiiules of other 
 lieartes, wliic h onely iiolVelTed the Hand liefore men dyd inliahite the fime. Alfo the llandes tailed liiftihe 
 JortunatiC, (whi< he are now (ailed Ciiiuiriii, for the iiuiUitude of tloi^gcs which are in them) are fiyd lo lie no 
 lefle friiytefiill. 'I'hefe llandes are lenne in nounihre, of the which feiien are inhaliiteil, anil thre remainc 
 defolate. They whi( h are inliahited, are (-ailed l>y thefe names; Fnula laiuM, Afii\;ii(t fors, CiraiiMimri,!, 
 IhuriffU, (liiuTit, I'li/iiiii, and /■'irniiii. At Ci'liimhits firll conuninj,' thetlier, the inhahitantes went naked, 
 without (liaiiie, relifiioii. or knowiedi^e of (iod. I'.iit in fiK celVe of time, foiire of the ^reatell Handes emlir.ifed 
 the C'iirilli.m fiith: lluy h.iiie ec he of them a jiriiiate lan^iaLje. 'J'tiiiti/f'a and Cira>iiiimtria, are bijiger then 
 the other, 'rtiurtffa may he fene afarre of, to the dirtaunce of fiftie leages, in a fiyru and clere daye. The 
 reafon whereof is, tliat in the middell of the ll.inil, ryfeth a m.irueylous great and lln.ng rock, which is thought 
 to be. .\v. leages high, and c.illelh foorlh continiiallye gieate II, lines of fyre and [liece.s of brinillone, as doth the 
 mount I'.liiiJ in the Hand of Sici/iii. The peo|ile of lliefe H.iiides, l\ue with barlye lire.id, Ikfllie, and inylke. 
 They h.uie alio greate plentie of Cloales, wyldc AlVcs, and I'ygges. They lacke wyne and wheate. 
 
 e Ulietlier viidef the /Tu|uiiK)dial ciych' or bnniinge lyne 
 {failed l\)iTichi zona) be habitable Regions. 
 
 liis fiCiiihliis (otherwife called EiiCitu Si/iiius,) of this i|Uellion, wryleth in this manor. 
 It hath been nun he doubted whellivr iiabitable regions maye be founde vnder the lu/iii- 
 iioflitil lyne. /■'.nilojliuiui: is of lh[i joppinioii, tli.it the ayre is there verye temiierale. So 
 thinkelh JWyl'iiis alfo, alfiriiiing that the earth is there verye highe, and watered with 
 111. my lliowers. I'ofsiM'iiiiis fuppofed thai there is no MouiUaynes vnder the I-lijuinonial. 
 Siiiivj thoiighte that the Ju/iiiii.Hliii/ lyne was extended be)ond the earth oner the niayne 
 ( )( e.in fe.i : wliiihe tliinue the I'oete Iloniere feiiielh to iiifuiuate, where he faineth 
 tli.it the hiirles wliic ii dr.nve the ch.iriole of [the] fiiiine, driiike of the Ocean fea, and the fimno it felle lo t.ike 
 his norilhenienl ol the liiiiie. Wliiche fenteiice .Uiiav/'ius alfo folowelh. Neither was Alhcrlus Mtii;nus farre 
 from iliis opinion, who I'upiiofelh yal the funnc draweth vp fo much moyflure vnder the /;V////'//,'<7/(// circle, as 
 engiiidretli the ( loi'des viider the pules, where by re.ifon of tli|e]excediiige coldnelTe, ayre is continualli turned 
 into water. lUit rtolonieiis thiiiketh the e.irtli to bee exteiiiled beyonde the /•.'(//////. '(7/i?/, whereas he plai eth .'i 
 jKirt of the Il.ind of 'Jlt/'ivl'aiiii, vnder the /•'.(/iiiihuliit/, and alio many nacioiis of the Etliiopums. Many 
 h.iiie thought tli.it tli|i]eartlily I'aradyfe was fette vnder that lyne : which opinion is contrary to th[e].iiictoritie (jf 
 the holy f( ripiure which wiliienelh the two fimoiis lluddes Ti.;rh and I'.uf'hiaUs lo fpringe oute of I'aradife : 
 wliidie luuerthelelVe we know from the North partes to fil into the goulfe called Sinus Pajhus : but as 
 conceriiinge the lie.ile \ luler the /u/t<iiii\li>i/ l>ne, the neareiulVe of the fiiiine, or the directe beanies of the fame, 
 are no fullicieiite caufes why vnder tli.ii line lliould be no li.ibitable regions, if we conlider how thofe places are 
 otherwyfe fliadowed, and tempered with the moyftenes and dewes of the niglites, which arc all the ycare 
 throughe of cf|ii.il length with the d.iyc-s. Vet wyl no n>an deitye, but tli.it vnder the /■'i/taiu>fMl througlioiite 
 all the biirninge lyne there are m.iiiye wiMernelVes and dcfol.ile pl.i< es, Licking water, and iiUDiiimodious for the 
 lyfe of man : .Mbeil eileii in A'////.//./, people dwell neare to the ryiiers and woodes. I'linie alfo fayth tli.it one 
 Jhi/ion, and Aiiji'ckvu, and />/('//, and Jut/i/iiia, went Suutluv.ird beyonde A/iivic whiche is almolle vnder the 
 yu/iiiiM%r/. And th.it Simoiiii{<s who writte the defcri|K'ion of Kthiopia, dwelte fyuc yeres in A/iTtue : whiche 
 II. Hide, (beeynge in the fyrme l.inde and comp.ilTed aboiite wytli the Kyiicr ot jXi/m) he aflynned to bee fituate. 
 (^72. thoufinde pales beeyonile .Syeiies of ICgyple, as the fe. in hers of Nero dei lared. lint at Sieiies the 
 Allronoiners appoynte the fommer coniierfion of the fiiiine : and tint there tlie buriiinge lyne begiimeth, being 
 (lill-uinte from the .lii/itiiioiliih' foure and twentie degrees, tli.it is twelue tiioufande furlonges. Wlierby we maye 
 jierceaue th.it JA'/i'.r is fituate fome what beeyoiule the inyddefl betwene the KiiuinocHial and Sienes. 
 rtoloiiieiis .ilfo difirylieth tlu' Region of ./;//7////v; to bee inhaliiteil beeyonde the Ki/iiiiuHlia/. I,ykew)le the 
 Moiiiitayiies of the Mone, c.dled .Moiites I.ima, out of the which, the felines or m.irifes of the riiier Xihis haiie 
 their fpring and origin.ill. lie .uldetli hereimio that there are certayne Ethiopians called .•///M/i/(///(;i,v, 
 
 41 
 
 1 i!>. i Cifil V. 
 
 Iir,itlwttht-Hi't. 
 
 /'i'SH'Ji'l/lU, 
 
 'Pic /-'/k/ma ti.ii 
 
 line 
 
 The iKx-l lloiiivr'Y 
 
 Ttt/ti'l^in.i 
 /.■/4i,/.« 
 
 Tit;rii :in4l 
 
 Siiiui I'l-tsuut. 
 riic ncirrncx iif 
 tile iuniii-. 
 
 Tcmi^cnlcnc^ 
 vn.U.r llic 
 
 /•.•IMNth tiitt, 
 
 'J\'rn'</a utrni. 
 
 I 'iinit. 
 
 ITie Il..n>l of 
 Mert\r 
 
 Syfnfi ill K^ipte. 
 'I tic I (i[,ucrvii)n 
 of the Miiinc. 
 Of lilt riir|..nucl 
 ol ll.iliu VIII. ili.e 
 tn.ikc >>nc ll.ilicn 
 inytc, t-tmtcyiiiiig 
 a . 111. IthiHiKiiiilJ 
 |i.im;*. 
 
 Mi'Ht^t I.Ntitr. 
 I'titutititt \tii. 
 t:ikwfrt 
 
!W!ff!51^^W^»W 
 
 42 
 
 \0f the nave Imiia, and Ilamics in the West Ocean Sea, &c.] 
 
 AmiKrrft>fi,.,(i. ! ,;-,_^i j^^ f,„ |, .^^ ^.■^^^. mans (Kiln.', wlilc li iiihalulo rij^ions lnyniiil tlic /■j/iiiiU'fJiii/ al)()ut the fpacc of. xvi. 
 huwrmiT ""'""' i ilcgrcfs. Anil thus the iiihaliit.u imi nf inin is fiiiind t(i he cxirixUd. x. luiiuhcth tluiuf.tiul i)afcs hcyoiule the 
 'chm!^ f-quiiwHial lyiic. Whii ho fiu(c coiitcynclh iiii It-lVe then two clyiiios of earth. And a clynie is a porcion 
 
 of the wuiMo hi'twcnc Soiilii and Noriii, wlKrcin is vari.icioii in l(.'n};tl> of the daye, the fpace of halfc an 
 
 liuurc 
 
 i r 
 
 1 n 1 s. 
 
 C Thus eiideth the fyfth hohe of Sehajtian Munjter, 
 
 of the landes of . I fin the greater, and of the 
 
 neiee foiinde landes, and 1 landes. 
 
 '553- 
 
 € Inipriuted at London, in Lom- 
 
 bardc Strife, J>y Edward 
 
 Sutton. 
 
 €1 To a! adiiciitiircrs, and fiichc as take in Itandc grcatc nitcrpryfes. 
 
 Who hath not of fowK'tics fdtc the liittcr fafl, 
 Is not worthy of fwctcncs to take liis ro|iall. 
 'I'o rra( ke the niitle, he niiifl t.ike the pa) no, 
 'I he which would e:'te tlie carnill l.iyne. 
 Who tliat of bees ftareth tlie Hinge, 
 Slial '..eii'T I'y ii( ny haiie great woiininge. 
 As the fwete Rofe l)ringetii forth the thorne, 
 So is man triuly to io\e and p.iyne liorne. 
 'I'lie byrde vpon iiope liyl<ieth her nelle, 
 Where oftent)nus Ihe iiatli hut eti)il relle, 
 Yet is Ihe not tiierby drieuen to fui he feare, 
 Jlul yat llie perforinelli the finie the nexte )i-.ire. 
 .Muiii (ailing of periles doth noble eorage (w.ige 
 \'el do 111)1 I coiT,;. tilde ralheiies or outrage. 
 \\'liat f<jks do fal.lv, l..ke thou no hede at all, 
 For what they know not, they cal phant.illieal. 
 Nought Venter nought liaue, is a laying olOld. 
 Uetter it i-. to blow the cole, then to fyl a cold. 
 J'orti's /orliiiid itiiiiiih)l.\\w I-atin prouerbe fiilh, 
 Hut faylelh to fu( h as fiynl and lai ke fiylli. 
 (lod giiietli al thinges, but not ye liul by ye home 
 'I'he plowman bv trau.iile eiicreafeth his curne. 
 As lurtune fuieirthlhon iiiayll be ri< he or poore, 
 As Cnfiis or Ii us that beggeth at the dure. 
 
 C Omnis iiiflii I'll ii'tii. 
 
 I I 
 
43 
 
 of. xvi. 
 )niic the 
 
 porcion 
 halfc an 
 
 [The Third English book on America.] 
 
 THE DECADES 
 
 torft 3iiii»ai> 
 
 Coiitcptipitg tilt nauiflatfona anb (onqttcats 
 
 ofti)cigipanpai;l}(0f Uiftlj tUepacHctiUc tia 
 
 fcdption oE tijc monc tptbc ano large lanats 
 
 nno Silan&to Uttlp fminiic in tijc ii)ta£>ccait 
 
 Vctttpnpng to tijc inljc ntnimcc of ti)2 binges 
 
 of Sipapnr. ain tbe toijfcij tljcDaiseut umt 
 
 map not oiilp cottri^&cc VsOat cotnino!)Ufcmav> 
 
 Ijcnby cljaiiiice to tIjc Ijolc c!juaianViio;lt) la. 
 
 t{m to come, but alfo Icacnc nianv recreates 
 
 toiicbFiise tljc lant)e,tl)e rca,ant> tlje aorecO'. 
 
 keep iicccITark to be kiwMii to nl fticl) aa (b3l 
 
 attcinpte anpnaufsation8,o» oiljcrtoifc 
 
 fjaiic belitc to bel)ol9e tl)e aiattgc 
 
 «nD tooon&erfiiU looojftcs oC 
 
 f5ooaniiiiatiirc» 
 
 W)pttcit in tIjc EatiRc toiiiige bp {dttCB 
 
 I39'ictp} of angtccM, otib tratifi 
 
 late&imoi2ns()>aijrb^ 
 
 IttA:dibus Giiilhclmt PoWclI> 
 ANNO. lyyy. 
 
IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 A 
 
 4r> W.5 
 
 
 
 
 1.0 !7i^ i^ 
 
 I.I 
 
 :f 1^ 12.0 
 
 IL25 i i.4 
 
 1.8 
 
 1.6 
 
 V 
 
 <^ 
 
 /J 
 
 
 4>1 
 
 
 '7 
 
 ^^ 
 
 >> 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 Corporation 
 
 ''T WEST MAIN SYREET 
 
 WEBSTEH.N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \\ 
 
 % 
 
 .V 
 
 
 

 
 \ 
 
 o^ 
 
 f> 
 
C The table of the cputentes of this booke. 
 
 Befyde the Decades (the table oj ichofe coiilcntiS yow may trade in the eudc of the booke [see pp 39i-,397-]) "'■'' conteyned 
 
 furthermore in this boooke ihefe thyti^cs followyiii^e. 
 
 45 
 
 C Of Ihc l.-.nclcs and Ilandes lately foumle. . . Folio, 149. [/. l86.] 
 'J'lie popes Imlle and lUmation . . . 167. and. 171. [/>. 201.] 
 Tlie hyftoiie of the Wcfte Indies, wrytten by Gonzalus 
 
 I'erdinandus 174. [/. 208.J 
 
 The ordinarie naiiigation from Spayne to the Wcfte Indies. 175. [/. 210.] 
 Of two notable ihynges as toucliynfje the Well Indies: 
 and of the grcate ryches brought from tlienfe into Spaine. 176. [/. 211.] 
 Of the golde minei and maner of woorkynge in them. . 177. [/. 211.] 
 
 The nianer of fyflliyngc for ])earles iSo. [/. 213.] 
 
 The faniiliaritie that the Inilians haue with the deuyl. . iSi. [/• 215.] 
 Of temjicrate and habitable regions vnder the Equinoc- 
 tial! line. i:c 184. [A 217] 
 
 Of (lyuers particular thynge.s, as woormcs, ferpentes, 
 
 bcaftes, foules. &C 185. f/. 218.I 
 
 Oftrees,fruites,and plantes,&c. 194. [/.225.] [Of Reedes orCane.'-.iyG. /. 227.] 
 Of the venemous apples wherwith the Caniliales inuencme 
 tlicyrarrowe-..i99.[/.229.] Of fyfllics&theyrmanerof fyfdiynge. 201. [/>.23o.] 
 (Jf the ryfynge and faulynge of owre Ocean fea and the 
 
 fouth fea called the fea of Sur 204. [/*. 233.] 
 
 Of the llreight of lande beinge betwene the north and 
 
 fouth fe.i 205. [/. 234.] 
 
 Howe thynges of one kynde, dyffer by the nature of the 
 
 pl.ice: and of the beaftes cauled Tygers. . . . 2o6. [/*. 235.] 
 
 Of the m.iners and cullonies of the Indians of the fnine 
 
 lande and of theyr women. ...... 
 
 Of the Ilandes liifpaniola and Cuba 
 
 f)f the Ilande of Cuba and other 
 
 or the l.ande of liaccallaos 
 
 Other not.alile thynges gathered owt of dyuers autours: 
 and of the vniuerfall carde and newe worlde. 
 A difcourfe of the maruelous vyage made by the Span- 
 yardes roun<le ab(jnt the wttrlde. ..... 
 
 The order of the llarres .it)o\vt the pole AntartiUe. 
 
 The prices of precious ftones and fpices with their weightes 
 
 and nieafures as they are foulde bothe of the Moores and 
 
 (Jcntyks 233. [/. 263.] 
 
 Of the weightes of I'ortugale and India, and Howe ihey agree. 239. [A 269. J 
 
 208. [A 237.1 
 
 210. [A 239.] 
 [A 241. J 
 [/. 242.] 
 
 213 
 2"3 
 
 214. [/. 245.] 
 
 215. [/. 246.] 
 222. [/. 253.J 
 
 Of the dooues of the Ilande of M.ader.a. 
 Of the lUande of faynt I'homas vndcr the Equinoctial line. 
 The debate an<l flrife betwene the .Spanyardes and Portu- 
 gales for the diuilion of the Indies and the tr.adc of fpyccs. 
 Of the I'olc .Vntartike and the flarres about the iame: 
 and of the qualitie of the regions and difpolition of the 
 elcnuntes abowt the i;i|uinuctiall line; Alfo of certeyne 
 fecreates touchynge the arte of faylynge. 
 A difcourfe of dyuers vyages and wayes by the wdiich 
 f|iices, precious flo[Rs, and golde were brought in owlde 
 tynie Ironi India into Kurope and otiier partes of theworlde. 
 Alfo ol the vyage to Cailiay and Kafle India by the northe 
 lea : .\nd of the viages of Seballian Cabot. . 
 C)f the vyages to Mofcouia and Calhiiy. 
 
 A breefc defcriiitiim of .Mofcouia 
 
 The dcfcriplion ol the north regions: and how they are 
 
 hal>it.ible, contrar)' to ih[c|opinion of the owlde \vr)'ters. 
 
 Scondia. 267. [A 29S.] tJronlande. 26S. {(>. 299.] lllnnde. 
 
 l.aponia. 270. [A 301.] Norway 
 
 Suetia or ."^uethlande. 275. \p. 305.] Gothia 01 Golhlandc!. 
 
 I''inlande and 1-ningia. 276. [/. 306.] liothnia. 275. [/. 305.] 
 
 The dyffcrcncc of regions and caufes of great cities. . 277. [/. 307.] 
 
 239. [/. 270. 
 
 240. [/. 270.] 
 
 240. [A 271.] 
 
 245- [/• 277-] 
 
 249. [A 2S3.] 
 2.(9. [A 2Sj.] 
 259. [/. 29 1. J 
 
 264. [/. 295.] 
 269. [A 300] 
 2"3- lA 303] 
 27<). [/■ 3o<>-l 
 
 308. 
 31S. 
 
 322 
 
 324 
 
 y:f> 
 
 The byftorie of Paulus louius of the ambatt.adc of grcnt 
 
 'ialilius Prince of Mofcouia to pope Clement the feuenth. 278. [/. 
 
 Other notable thynges as conccrnynge .Mofcouia, gathered 
 
 owt of the bookes of Sigifmundus Libenis. . . . 2S9. [/. 
 
 The dcfcription of the regions and people K'uge North 
 and Eade from Mofcouia to the ryuer Pet/ora and the pro- 
 uince of lugaria and the ryuer Obi. &c. . . . 294. [/. 
 
 Of the famous ryuer of Tanais. ..... 21)7- [/• 
 
 More directly from Mofcouia to Cathay. . . . 29S. |A 
 
 Of the Tartars. 299. \p. 327,] The n.iuigation by the frofen fea. 303. [/. 
 
 The letters miffnie which kynge Kdwarde the. vi. fcnt to the 
 
 kynges, princes, and other potentates inhabitynge the north 
 
 call partes of the worldu towarde the Empire of Cathay. 306. and. 30S. [/. 333.] 
 
 The letters of the prince of Mofcouia fenle to kyngo 
 
 Edwarde. 319. [ 'I'licsc arc not included in t/m riw/'/'.] 
 
 Ol!ier notable thynges as touchynge the Indies : and of 
 
 th; foreknowleage that the poet Seneca had of the fynd- 
 
 yngeoftheneweworldeand other rcgionsnot then hiiowcn. 310. [/. 337.] 
 
 ( )f the gre.ate Ilande whiche Plato cauled Atlantica or. Vtlan- 
 
 tide. 310. [/. 337.] Of the coloure of the Indians. 311. [A 
 
 Why they were cauled Indians jil. |/ 
 
 The fyrft difcouerynge of the Weft Imlies. . . . 312. {f. 
 What maner of man Chriftopher Colon was, and howe he 
 came fyrft to the knowleage of the Indies. . . . 313. [/■ 340.] 
 
 What laboure and trauaile he luoke in attcmptynge his 
 
 firfte vy.age to the Indies 3 '3- [A 
 
 Of newe .Spaine cauled Nona Ilifpania or Mexico. . '315. [/. 
 OfPeru.316 [/.343.] Ofthe great ryuer cauled Rio de la Plata. 3l6.[/. 
 Of the hygher or fuperior India cauled India Tercera 
 
 or Terciera . 3 '7. [A 
 
 Ageyne of the landes of I..aborador and liaccalaos. . ^IS. [A 
 The difcouerynge of the lande of Florida. . . . 319. [A 
 
 An opinion that Europe, Africa, and Afi.a, are Il.indes: 
 and of certeyne Nauigations abowt the fame. . . 320. [/. 346.] 
 
 That the .Spany.ardes haue fayled to the Antipodes whiche 
 inhabite the vndermoft lialfe ofthe '; lule of tlie earth, con- 
 trary to th[e]opinions of the owlde wryters. . . . 321. [A 34".] 
 Who fyrftfounde the nedleofthecompatte .and the vfe there- 
 of 322. [/. 348.] The fitu.ation and byggenelTe of thecal th. 
 
 What degrees are. 
 
 A demonftration of tlie roundenefTe of the earth. . 
 What credit owglit to be gyuen to wryters as touchynge 
 the woorkts of nature. ....... 
 
 The preface to the booke of metals. .... 
 
 Ofthe gener.ation of nietalles and theyr mines, with the 
 
 maner of fyndynge the fame. 
 
 Of the mine of golde and the qualitie tlicrof. 
 
 Of the niyne of fyluer 
 
 The maner of woorkynge in the golde mines of r.gyi>tc 
 
 in oulde tyme. 342. [/. 369.] 
 
 The difcription ofthe two vyages ni.ide owt of Englande 
 
 to Guinea in .'\frike 343. [f>. 
 
 A briefe defcription of Afrike 344. [/. 
 
 The fyrfte vyage to Guinea 345. (/*. 
 
 The feconde vyage to gnyiica. ..... 350. [J>, 379.] 
 
 The ntaner of fyndynge the Longitude of regions by 
 
 dyuers wayes. 
 
 A newe m.aner of fyndynge the Longitudes of regions. . 
 A briefe rehearfall ofthe conteutes ot the bookes ofthe Uecad 
 
 323- 
 3-:4- 
 3-:4- 
 
 .■>■=/• 
 334- 
 34". 
 
 [/■ 
 lA 
 lA 
 
 [/■ 
 
 lA 
 
 fA 
 [p- 
 
 33S. 
 
 33y- 
 
 34"- 
 34^- 
 343' 
 
 344- 
 344- 
 345 
 
 349 
 .i40 
 
 351 
 
 355 
 
 35''' 
 
 3b2. 
 306, 
 
 373 
 374 
 375 
 379 
 
 3f)0. fA 3^9,1 
 - • io,| 
 39'- 
 
 ,61. I A 390- 1 
 
 ,&c. [A 
 
 ¥ I N I S. 
 
 € The iiitcrpyctacion of certeyne ivoordcs. 
 
 C Conltumte (that is) the firme lande not inclofed 
 
 with water, or nit Ilande, 
 A CiuaH.l or Cariicl, a kynde of (liyppes. 
 Ilciiiift'luriiim, the halfe globe of the earth and 
 
 water. 
 Pt/tis, a Uucate and a halfe. 
 
 Eijiiiiioctial, the line that diuidetli the hcauen and 
 the earthe in the myddell betwene the two poles, 
 in the which when the fonue commelh, thedays 
 and nyghles are of eipial length 
 
 Clime, is a portion ol the worlde betwene north 
 and fouth. 
 
 Tlte Indian language. 
 
 J\unilele.', are lines whereby the fonne palTynge 
 
 caufeth variation ol tyme. 
 Caiii Miiintnotii, Monkeys. 
 Sdhvinis, is a fp.ice ol. xl, fuHongi^ 
 il'eijl, is an Italian \^ /\i(J/iii>i\ mile. 
 Colonic, an lubitacion. 
 
 C Canon, a boatc or barke. 
 Cadi/ni, kynges or gouernours. 
 y.enies .an Mole. 
 Tiiyia, the deuyll. 
 
 Afiu/iiina, a fwordc. Qiiines, prclies. 
 
 Areito.^, fonges or balades, Cliiuy, a man. 
 
 'Zona, the moone. /ra, a woman. 
 
 'J'oHo.lico, the foonne. l!oa, a lioule. 
 
 C Note tlmt the Ilande ol IIirpaniol.T, is nowe c.iuled San Domingo by reafon of the cliicfe city fo named, 
 
 cauled lancti lohannis, or Buricliena, is otherwyfe cauled IJori>|ucii. 
 
 Caniii, gold',?. 
 Afayani, nothynge. &c. 
 
 Alfo fayntc luhns Ilande 
 
 41 
 
'IP 
 
 46 
 
 I 
 
 I ; 
 
 f POTENTISSIMO AC S EREN I SSI M O 
 
 PIIILIPPO, AC SERHNISSLM/E POTENTISSIM/EQVE MAREE, 
 
 Dei gratia Regi ac Rcginae, Anglire, Erancic-c, Neapolis, lerufalcm, ct 
 
 Hibcrnicx: Eidei defcnforibus, Principibus Hifpaniarum et SiciliiC, 
 
 Archiducibus Auftriai, Ducibus Mcdiolani, Burgundiai, ct 
 
 Brabantiai, comitibus ILifpurgi, Elandrise, cc Tirolis, 
 
 Richardus Edenus pcrpctuam optat foelicitatem. 
 
 I I 
 
 VM IN PRIMO VESTRO ingreffu in hanc cele- 
 berimam Londini vrbem (illuflrifsimi Principcs) 
 cernercm quanto omnium applaufu, populi con- 
 curfu, ac ciiiium frequentia, quanto infuper 
 fpcctaculoriim nitorc, nobilium virorum fplcndore, 
 equorum multitudine.tubarum claiigore, ccLterifque 
 magnilicis pompis ac triumphis, pro dij,mitate 
 vcflra accepti cftis dum omnes quod fui eft officij 
 facere fata;j;^ebant, vbi in tanta hominum turba vix 
 vnus reperiatur qui non aliquid agendo aducntum 
 vcflrum gratulabatur, coepi et ego quoque aliorum 
 exemplo (propiusprefcrtimad meaccedentibus Cel- 
 fitudinibus veflris) tanto animi ardore ad alicjuid 
 agendum accendi ne folus in tanta hominum corona 
 otiofiis viderer, quod vIx ma continebam quin in aliquam extemporariam orationeni 
 temere erupuiffcm, nifi et pnefentiie vcRra," maieftas, et mca me obfcuritas a tarn audaci 
 facinore deterruiffent. Verum, cum poftea penitius de hac re niecum cogitaffem, con- 
 fyderaffemque quam hcec omnia aliotjui per fe laude digna, veflris tamen meritis ac 
 regime dignitatis eminenti:e comparata, plebeia ac ludicra videantur, ca'pi denuo cum 
 animo meo i ^putare qua in re ita cum immortali rerum memoria fculicifsimum veflrum 
 aduentum gratularer, vt inde nominis vcftri fama et fplendor, non vllis fpeCtaculorum 
 temporarijs oflentis, fed rerum geftarum gloria, ad pofleros perpetuo emanaret. Excutio 
 flatim diuitias meas. Perfcrutor fi (juid ex penu meo depromere poffum quod me ad 
 alicpiid agendum veflris heroicis virtutibus dignum excitet. Sed cum penes me niiiil tale 
 reperio, agnofco nuditatem meam, atque ad vos confugio. Patrum, auorum, proauonun, 
 atque atauorum vitas et facia recolo. Syluam rerum geftarum video, totque i)recla- 
 rifsimorum principum propagines, vt merito ab ipfis heroibus, Saturno videlicet, loue, ac 
 Mercule, creterifcjue theantliroi)is, originem duxiffe videantur. Quod cum ita fit, non 
 aliunde jjrofedlo quam ex hac fylua materies mihi petenda erit quo in ment'bus 
 hominum et ;eterna rerum nn'moria, perpetua fpe6lacula rerum a vobis et progeniloribus 
 veflris pneclare geftarum, in mundi theatro ab omnibus cum fumma nominis veftri fama 
 ac veneratione cernantur. Cum itacjue inter ccctera a maioribus veftris prieclare gefta, 
 nihil fit admirabiliiis aut maiori laude dignum, quam quod incredibili fiducia et plus quam 
 Hcrculeis laboribus fuperato Oceano, fcslicifsimo tandem euentu, Indicc Occidentalis 
 
The Epijlle. 
 
 47 
 
 ditifsimas Insulas atque Continentis amplifsimas rctrioncs, niortaliiim primi imiencrunt, 
 in quibus infinitas incolariim myriadcs ad fidcni Chrifti conuertcrunt (iiuo nihil au<,niftius 
 aut Chriftianis principibus magis dignum excogitari poteft) vifus funi mihi quod non alia 
 in re magis poffcm fa-licitati vcftra; merito gratulari, quam fi noftris quoque hominibus 
 quibus ha;c had;enus nihil aut parum cognita funt, innotcfcerc faciam, vt perfpecl:is 
 illorum fimul et vcftrorum amplifsimis imperijs non fine diuina prouidcntia (vt credere 
 par eft) ad ipfos vfque Antipodes et PLVS VLTRA tcrminatis, omnes boni, ipfa rerum 
 magnitudine in admirationem ducli, vos anient et venerentur : Malis vero et improbis, 
 OS obftruatur fi quam in maledicendo voluptatcm capiunt. Hrcc dum cogito, venit mihi 
 in mentem quod olim adolefcens perlegi Decades de Nouo Orbe a Petro Martyre ab 
 Angleria, illuftrifsimi Ferdinandi regis Catholici, ac tui (Serenifsimc rex) proaui oratore, 
 Latine confcriptas, atoue faerie CrefariiE maieftati patri tuo dedicatas. Tanti itaque 
 autoris fide et eruditione niotus, eum prce cajteris in noftram linguam traducendum fufcepi, 
 quod non folum vt hiftoricus res Indicas cum fumma fide i'criptis mandauit, fed etiam vt 
 philofophus (quod in ca;teris fcriptoribus defyderatur) naturalium rerum occultas caufas 
 reddit, ac admirabilium natune operum (quibus hx'c veftra India plena eft) rationes 
 inueftigat. Atque vt huius India; pofterior ftatus cognofcatur, quantufque thefaurus auri, 
 gemmarum, aromatum, aliarumque ditifsimarum mercium ac annul cenfus inde quotannis 
 in Hifpaniam aduehitur, adiunxi doclifsimi viri Gonzali Ferdinandi Ouiedi libellum 
 quem ille Indica; hiftoriai generalis Summarij titulo infcripfit, eiufdemque illuftrifsimi 
 Caroli Imperatoris patris tui nomini confecrauit : Ca;teraque plurima ex recentioribus 
 fcriptoribus excerpfi, qua; mihi in tam immenfa rerum memorabilium bibliotheca, pra;cipue 
 adnotanda videbantur. Quce, quanta et qualia funt, quantifque parafangis, omnium 
 heroum ac Argonautarum res geftas toto terrarum orbe tantopere celebratas fuperent, 
 ha:c mea fequens pra,'facio vulgari fermone ad huius hiftoria; lectores populumque 
 Anglicum confcripta, fatis prolixa oratione indicabit, adeo vt idem hie repetere fuperua- 
 caneum fit, minimeque neceffarium, quandoquidem Anglica lingua tibi Serenifsima 
 Regina vernacula eft, idemque illuftrifsimo Regi quod tibi fcriptum aut dictum exiftimen, 
 non folum quod diuino vinculo vnum fitis in carne vna, fed etiam quod eadem animi 
 lenitate, humanitate, affabilitate, ca;terifque virtutibus, non minus animi moribus quam 
 carnis vinculo vnum fitis. Sed neque hie opus eft vt ego Latino fermone veftras 
 virtutes, animi moderationem, clementiam, religioncm, pietatem, educationem, caftitatem 
 foelicitatcm, fortunas, opes, munificentiam, vi6lorias, imperia, ftemmata, caeteraque huiuf- 
 modi multa enumerem, cum pra^fertim vir nobilis ct doctus Leonhardus Goretius Polonus 
 de his omnibus deque foelicifsimo vcftro matrimonio, orationa:; fatis fufa tra(5tauit, in qua 
 nihil pretermifit quod ad Celfitudinis veftne et progenitorum veftrorum gloriam virtute 
 partam, pertineat. Ca;terum cum regia; veftras virtutes nominifque fplendor ac regnorum 
 amplitudo alias per vniuerfa Chriftiani orbis imperia fatis nota fint, nifi forte ibi minime 
 vbi maxime nota effe deberent, nempe in hoc Anglice regno, ideo opere pra;cium et rem 
 omnibus bonis gratam, quodque mei eft officij erga Celfitudincs veftras ma fa(5lurum 
 exiftimaui, fi ha^c noftris (vt dixi) hominibus, noftraque lingua ob oculos contemplanda 
 propofuero. Quod quam focliciter aut dextre a me factum fit, aliorum efto iudicium 
 (Juam vero fidelitur, fyncere, ac animo in Maieftatis veftras propenfo hoc idem aggreffus 
 fum, teftis eft mihi confcientia mea in confpectu illius qui hominum corda et renes 
 fcrutatur. Macte igitur virtutis iftius animi veftri eftnte Serenifsimi Principes, atque Di o 
 auxilio freti, pergite ea qua coepiftis fiducia, huius deploratce ac collapfic reipublica; noftra; 
 ft^atum, priftino decori reftituerc, id quod omnes a vobis expectant atque efllagitant, 
 
48 
 
 The Epijlle. 
 
 ' ■ 
 
 jl \ 
 
 l\ •!•' 
 
 I 
 
 pollicentes infiiper vobis in eo necrotio fuam operam in nullo defiituram. Ne terreat vos 
 quorundam canum latratus qui bonis omnibus oblatrant, et tunc definent latrare cum 
 dcfinent viuere. Vulgatifsimum fcmper fuit improbos homines viris probis vel propter 
 inuidiam vel propter difsimilitudincm, folere latrare. Et tamen ille probus femper habitus 
 eft, quem peruerfi maxima improbauerint. Non eft igitur curandum quid de nobis 
 homunculi, fed quid viri boni loquantur. Cogitate (Serenifsimi Principes) quod mag- 
 nanimitate ac maiorum infignijs, aquilis et leonibus fimiles eftis. Aquila; natura 
 eft, alta petere, et aduerfus folis radios in altum volare. Leonis proprium eft parcere 
 fubie(5lis et debellare fuperbos. Generofus equus per plateas incedens, canes vt 
 animalcula imbella praeterit non perturbatus, Virtus non exercita (inquit Seneca ad 
 Neroncm) paruam laudem meretur. Non admodum magnificum fuerit mediocrem 
 fortunam probe adminiftrare : Sed tanta rerum omnium licentia non abuti, hoc vero 
 admirabile eft : Multo autem admirabilius in iuuenili ac lubrica a;tate cui accedat a;tas 
 magiftra : hijs prsefertim qui contumelia lacefcuntur, quae alioqui horines vel placidifsi- 
 mos folet de gradu dejicere. Sed (vt fupra dixi) non eft hie mei propofiti (Serenifsimi 
 Principes) veftras laudes pro mentis decantare, aut exprimere quo modo in fummo rerum 
 faftigio vos humiles praebuiftis, de quare fufius in praefacione ad lectores traclaui. lam 
 itaque vt huic epiftolae dedicatoriae finem imponam, rogo Serenifsimas Maieftates veftras 
 vt has meas lucubrationes in hijs autoribus vertendis, (quas veftro nomini confecraui) ea 
 humanitate ac faucre fufcipiatis, quibus omnes beneuolo animo ad vos accedentes, facile 
 admittitis ac neminem rejicitis. Quem admodum enim qui pomarium aut vineam 
 plantauit ac maturos inde fructus collegit, illi merito primitias foluit a quo prima femina 
 primafque arbonim infitiones habuit, ita et ego qui a maiorum veftrorum rebus geftis 
 primis fumptis feminibus, hos qualefcumque fruclus aedidi, videor profefto mihi, debito 
 veftro honore vos defraudaffe, nifi eofdem veftro nomini ac numini obtuliffem. 
 Deus. Opt. Max. Celfitudines veftras perpetuo feruat incolumes, 
 faxitque vt foecunda fobolis propagine, fummaque pace 
 PC tranquillitate, huius regni habenas ad Diuini 
 nominis gloriam, diu gubernetis. 
 
 FINIS. 
 
49 
 
 Rycharde Eden to the reader. 
 
 He mofle famous oratoure and learned Phylofopher Marcus Tullius 
 Cicero, wrjtcth, tliat in all confultations as toucliyngc owre 
 behauoure and order of lyuynge anionge men, it behoueth 
 vs euer to beare in mynde howe farre the dignitie of mans 
 nature, cxcelleth the cundition of brute beaRes. For they, 
 beinge ruled altogether by fence, delyte in nothynge but beallcly 
 appetites, whereunto they runne headlonge as to theyr onely 
 felicitie. But the niynde of man, beinge of more noble nature, 
 is nuryfflied with knowlcage, and taketh pleafure in diuifyngc 
 or excogitatynge fume honell thynge, wliercby it not onely 
 leaueth anionge men a mcmorie of his immortall nature, but alfo 
 engendercth the lyke affection in other that delyte to fee and 
 heare fuch thingcs as are commendable in theyr predicelTours. 
 And this furely thynke I to bee the caufe that eyther the famous 
 factes of woorthy men, or ingenious inuentions of experte arti- 
 ficers, haue not onely nobiHtate the autours and diuifers of the 
 fame, or fuch to whom they haue byn dedicate, but alfo that parte 
 of the\T commendations haue redounded to all fuche as h.iue fi'ciue tiieyr tyme and taken peynes in 
 illuflratynge and fettynge furthe theyr doyngcs. For who fhuldc at this daye haue knowcn Maufuhis 
 the kynge of Caria, with his wyfe Artcmifia, or thefe famous artificers, Scopa, rSryaccs, Timothcus, 
 Leochares, or Pythis, if the wondcrfull and fumptuous woorke of the fepulcher whiche Artoniifia made for kynge 
 Maufolus her hulband (beinge of fuch woorkemanlliyppe that it was accompted for one of the marucyls of the 
 worlde) had not geuen vnto all thefe immortall fame, whereas neuertheleffe it coulde not dcfende it felfe ageynfl 
 th[e]iniurie of tyme confumynge all thynges. There remayneth at this daye no token of the laborious Tabernacle 
 whiche Moifes buylded, or of the rcnoumed and manicilous Temple that was buylded in Hienifalem by Salomon 
 and renewed by I'.fdr.is. Yet fiiall the name of the cxcellente artificers Ooliab and Befelchel, and Hyram the 
 kynge of Tynis, lyue for euer in the memory of men. Furthennore alfo, Salomon hym felfe, although he were 
 many other waves famous, yet gaue he a greate ])arte of his glory to that princely buyklynge. Ikit certeynely 
 the mofl trewe and pemianent glory, procedeth of fuch monumentes as brynge fume great and notable commoditie 
 and profite to the lyfe of men, rather then of the hugious hcapes of flones of the I'yramides of Kgypt, wlierin is 
 nought els to fee but the fondc and barbarous odcntation of fupertluous ricliLS : Or of the Niazes cauled Labyrinthi, 
 or of horryble great Images cauled Coloffi, of knottes inexplicable, of brafen caudrons of monllrous byggenefTe, 
 of hauens with echo feuen tymes reboundynge, and dyuers fuche other portentous inuentions, the which as they 
 do (lelite vs in confidcrynge the manielous arte and witte of fuche artificers as diuifed and made the fame, fo 
 are they othenvyfe vnprofitable: And brynge rnthera fame o theyr inuentoures, then trewe glorye. rerillus was 
 famous by diuiftnge his brafen bulle: yet fo, tliat it had byn better for hym to haue byn obfcure and vnkiiowen. 
 They haue therefore deferued more trewe commendation whiche in buyldynge of cities, townes. fortreffes, bridges, 
 cundites, hauens, fliyppes, and fuche other, haue fo ioyned magnificence with profecte, that bothe may remaine 
 for an eternal tellimonie of abfolute glory, whofe perfection extendeth to the gratifyinge of vniucrfal mankind as 
 larre as mans mortalitie wyll iiemiit. The whiclie thinge whyle I confider, and caule to memorie howe Cicero 
 defiueth trewe glury to bee a fame of many and greate ilefertes eyther towarde owre citizens, owre countrey, or 
 towarde all man kynde, and the fame to bee of fuch excellencie that the owlde poetes for fume effecte foyned it 
 to bee the fweete Ambrofia and Xectat whenvith the goddes are fedde, and that of fuch force that who fo may 
 dry like therof, flial alfo become a god, (thai is to fay immortall and haiipy)mee thynke verely that (yf man maye 
 be a god to men as holy fcripture fpeaketh of Moifes and other) the kjnges of Spayne of late dayes (if I may 
 fpeake it without offence of other) may fo much the more for theyr iull defertes and good fortune be compared 
 to thofe goddes made of men (whom the antiquitie cauled Heroes and for theyr manyfolde benefites to man 
 kynde honoured theym with diuine honoure) as theyr famous facte.^ fo farre excell al other, as I dare not fpeake 
 to fuch as haue not yet harde or redde of the fame, leafl the greatnelTe tiierof lliulde at the firll brunte fo muche 
 afloiiyflie the reader that he myght geue the lefle credite to the autoure of this booke, who ncucrthelelTe hath 
 nioRrj faythfuUy wrytten this hyllorye of fuche thynges wherof he hath fecne a greate parte him felfe (as being by 
 
 [ Cnmmpiid.iti'nn 
 of noble f.irtcs 
 
 Cuiiiivngc 
 urtitkcrs. 
 
 The Tillwrnacle 
 i»f >!oises. 
 
 The Temple of 
 
 Salomon. 
 
 Hyr.im. 
 
 Trewe glory. 
 
 Great .ind 
 Miiiiptuous W'>rk& 
 
 F.-iniC'Iifl'crrih 
 from true j;I"ry. 
 
 Aljw>hitc gtory. 
 
 What is true 
 glory. 
 
 i The kyngcs of 
 I Spayne. 
 : Heroes. 
 
 'I'he certcntic of 
 this liy^tory 
 
 A 
 * 
 
50 
 
 The Preface to the Reader, 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 Tlic IirMisc of the 
 cdiur.iclcs of 
 India. 
 
 The counsayl fur 
 the Indies 
 The hernicall 
 fades <»f tlie 
 fSpanyurdc!^ 
 
 Great Alexander. 
 
 The Spanyardcs 
 w.irres in the 
 Indies. 
 
 The hcnefitcs that 
 the liMians hatle 
 receaued hy the 
 Spanyardcs. 
 
 LyK-rtie. 
 The Canibalcs, 
 
 Fearelul idlenesse. 
 
 IsaL 65. 
 
 The warres of 
 Moises. 
 
 The Indians 
 -sulnhicd to the 
 f.ivth. 
 
 The contemplation 
 of gmls workcs. 
 
 The Cliristian 
 Empire enlarged 
 
 The conuersion of 
 the gentyles. 
 
 Lcuiathan. 
 
 the mofle catlintyke and p\iillaiint kyngc Fcrdinando ai^poyntcd a commilTioiiarie in tli[(.']afu\ res of India) and 
 gathered the refidcwe partly hy information and partly out of the wrytini,'(.'s of fiich as hauo byn (as Vyrgyll 
 wryicth of Eneas, Et ijuonim pa> s iiur^iui fiii) that is, doers and ])arte of fiu h ihynges as are conteyned in the 
 hyflorie: as Goucrnoiirs, Lieuetenauntes, Cai)ilayncs, Admirals, and Pylottes, who by theyr paineful trauayles 
 and prowes, haue not onely fubthied thefe landes and feas, but haue alio with lyke ililiger ce coinir.ytted th[e]order 
 therof to wrytinge: And not this onely, hut for the better tryall of the trewth herein, haue and yet doo in niancr 
 dayly femle from thenfe into Spayne fuch nionunienles as are moll certeyne teflimonies of theyr doyngc, as vow 
 may reade in dyuers places in this boke. This newe worlde is nowe fo much freijuented, the Ocean nowc fo 
 well knowcn, ami the commodities fo greate, that tiie kynge erected a houfe in the citie of Siuile (cauled the 
 hoiife of the contractes of India) pcrteynynge onely to th[e]affayres of the Ocean, to the which al fuch reforte for 
 neceffaries as attempte anye wage to this newe worlde, and lykewyfe at theyr returne make theyr accom|)te to 
 the counfayle for the Iiulies for the golde and fuche other thynges as they brynge from thenfe. It is therefore 
 apparent that the heroical fades of the Sjianiardes of thefe days, deferue fo greate prayfe that tli[e]autour of this 
 booke (beinge no Spanyanle) doth woorlhely e.\tolle theyr doynge aboue the famous actes of Hercules and 
 Satiirnus and fuch other which for theyr glorious and vertuous entcrpryfes were accoumpted as goddes amonge 
 men. And furety if great Alexander and the Romans which haue rather obteyned then deferuetl immortall fame 
 amonge r'en for theyr bhiddye victories onely for theyr owne glory and amplifyinge theyr em|iire obteyned by 
 flawghler of innocentes and kei>te by violence, haue byn magnified for tlieyr doinges, howe much more then flial 
 we thynke thefe men woorthy iull commenilations which in theyr mercyfuU warres ageynil thefe naked peo|)le 
 haue fo vfed them felues towarde them in exchaungyngc of benefites for victorie, that greater commcHlitie hath 
 therof enfewed to the vantiuiflhed then the victourers. They haue taken noihynge from them but fuch as they 
 them felues were wcl wyllynge to dejiarte with, and accoumpted as fujjcrfluities, as golde, perles, precious llones 
 and fuch other: for the which they recomjienfed thcyni with fuche thynges as they muchc more cflemetl. ISut 
 fum wyll fay, they polTelTe antl inhabyte theyr regions and vfe theym as boiidemen and tributaries, where before 
 they were free. They inhabite tlieyr regions indeede : Yet fo, that by theyr diligence and better manury nge the 
 fame, they maye nowe better fulleyne both, then one before. Theyr bondage is fuche as is much rather to be 
 defired then theyr former libertie which was to the cruell Canibales rather a horrilile licencioufnefle then a 
 libertie, and to the innocent fo terrible a bondage, that in the myildefl. of theyr ferefull idlenelTe, they were euer 
 in daunger to be a pray to thofe manhuntynge woolues. lint nowe thanked be God, by the manhotkle and 
 poUicie of the .Spanyardcs, this deuelyfllie generation is fo confuined, partely by the llaughter of fuche as coulde 
 by no meanes be brought to ciuilitie, and partly by referuynge fuch as were ouercome in the warres, ami con- 
 uertynge them to a better inynde, that the jirojjhecie may herein bee fulfylled that the woolfe and the lambe 
 fliall feede together, and the wylde fieldes with the vale of Achor, flialbe the folde of the heard of gods people. 
 Moifes as the miniller of the lawe of w rath and bontlagc geuen in fyer and tempefles, was commaunded in his warres 
 to faue neyther man, woman, nor chylde, and yet brought no commoditie to the nations whom he ouercame and 
 polTelTed theyr lamles. But the Spaniardes as the mynillers of grace and libertie, browght vnto thefe newe gentyles 
 the \ ictorie of Chrj lies death wherby they beinge fubdued with the worldely fworde, are nowe made free from the 
 bondage of Sathans tyrannic, by the myghty \iomc of this triumphante victourer, whom (as fayth the prophet) god 
 hath ordeyned to be a lyght to the gentyles, to o\icn the C)es of the blynde, and to delyuer the bounde cwt of 
 l)ryfon and captiuitie. What other men do phantafie herein, I can not tell: but fuer I am, that lyke as die llowe 
 and brutyfllie wyttes, for the fclendeniefie of theyr capacitie and effeminate Iiartes, do ncuer or feldome lyfte vp 
 theyr inyndes to the contemplation of goddes workes and maieftie of nature, but lyke brute beafl.es lookynge 
 euer downewarde, thynke the worlde to be in nianer no bygger then theyr owne dungeliylles or eagles, 
 lyttle paffynge whether the Chr)flian fayth do fpreade through the worlde, or bee dry uen to one comer : 
 F.uen fo al goo<l wyttes and honell natures (I doubte not) wyl not onely reioyce to fee the kyngedome 
 of God to bee fo forre enlarged vjipon die face of the earthe, to the confufion of the deuyll and the 
 Turkyfllie Antichryfle, but alfo do the vttcrmofl. of theyr jioure to further the fame. I-'or furely, as 
 Gonfalus Ouiedus wryteth to the Emperour'- maieflie in his hyflorie of the A\'efle Inilies, that he ihynketh 
 jiym no trewe Spanyarde wliiche reioycetl'. not in the good fortune of theyr kynges by whofe ayile and 
 gotUy zeale this myghtie portion of the worlde hath byn added to the tlocke of Chryflcs congregation, 
 Ellen fo do I thinke them no trewe Chryflian men that do not reioyce with the .\ngels of heauen for the 
 deliuerie of thefe owtc brootherne, owre fleflhe, and owrc bones, from the handes of owtc commune eneniie the 
 Guide feqjente who hath fo longe had them in hys poffeflion, vntyll the fulnefle of the gentyles be acconiplyfllied 
 accordynge to the time prefinite liy hym, who vnto the ycare after his incarnation. M. CCCC. Ixxxxii. hath 
 fuffereti the greate ferpente of the fea I.euiathan, to haue fuche dominion in the Ocean and to calle fuch 
 myfles in the eyes of men, that fence the creation of the worlde vntyll the yeare before named, there 
 hath byn no pafllige from qwt knowen partes of the world to thefe newe landes, whereas nowe the Cime 
 so 
 
The Prcfcicc to the Reader. 
 
 51 
 
 eagles, 
 comer : 
 ;ctlonie 
 and the 
 rely, as 
 hynketh 
 tie and 
 egation, 
 
 for tlie 
 •niie the 
 plyfflied 
 xii. hath 
 lie fuch 
 fl, there 
 he time 
 
 are moflc certcyncly knowen to lie not part. xxx. dayes faylynge from Spayne. Neyther yet hail the 
 church of Kiiroiie any knowleage of the niy,L;htie Chrjflian I'mpire of rrociofiis Johannes, otherwyfe raulcd 
 Trelhyter Johannes, Juiiperour of many Chiyrtian nations in Kthiope, vntyll the yeare of Chrylle. 
 M. CCCC. xxxiii. as largely appearcth in the nauigations of the Portugales, and efpecially in the hookc of 
 Damianus a does, wrytten to the Infihop of Rome, J'aule the thjrde of that name, of the fayth and 
 religion of the Ethiopians which they haue hadde fence the tyme of the ApolUes. A thyngc certes mod 
 woonderfull, and fiuhe, that yf the (lime were not hydde hctherto by gods vnferchcalile iirouidence, I ran 
 not but thynke much negligence or ignorance in owt forefathers and jiredicelTours vntyll the dayes of the 
 ryght noble, pnident, and Catholike kyngj of Aragon J)on Ferdinando grandfather to Th[c]eniperours 
 maiedic by his eklefl dowghter, and to the queenes hyghneffe by his feconde dowghter the mod vertuous 
 lady ([uecne Catherine her graces nioother : A prince doubteleffe of fuche nobilitie, jirowes, magnificence, 
 and all other vertues commendable in a prince, that who fo fliall intlitferentely way all his doinges and 
 good fiicceffe in all his afiayres, comparinge the fame to th[e]t.iter]>ryfes and doinges atcliyucd by fuche 
 famous princes in whome the (Ireekes and Romans haue fo greately glorjed, maye with one eye perceaue 
 not onely howe farre his noble factcs do funuount theyrs, but alfo wel confyder what noble braunchcs 
 of iffliewe were lyke to fiirynge owt of fo woorthy a docke. And fiierly if fence the begynning of the 
 worlde, the fauour of god toward men hath byn knowen by fuch benefites and bleffynges as he hath 
 geucn to men, it feemeth to me that in maner (onely Chryde excepted) there neuer lyued man to whom 
 god hath geuen greater benefites and flicwcd more fauoure. Great doubtlefle was the fauour and mcrcie 
 that god fliewcd vnto Noe, by whom he faued the remanent of mankynde bcingc but fewe in number. 
 But much greater was the grace which he flictted to kynge J'"erdinando vnder whom and by whofe mcancs 
 he faucd not onely the bodies but alfo the foules of innumerable millions of men inhabytynge a great 
 part of the workle heretofore vnknowcn and tlrowned in the deluge of erroure. ^\'hat fliulde I here 
 fpeake of Abraham the father of fayth whofe promyfes were great, and he cauled the frende of god : Dyd 
 he or his poderitic fee Jfraell increafe to fuch multitudes and nations as kyng Ferdinandos poderitie may 
 fee th[e]incrcafe of this fpirituall Ifraell \Tito whome as a feconde Abraham he was the father of fayth ? 
 Moifes was fo great in the fyght of god that he difclofed vnto hym his fecreate name, and miraculoufly 
 caufed a comer of the fea to open at his prayer. But howe greater a myracle was it that he opened 
 vnto the nauie of Don Ferdinando the greate Ocean thowght before that tyme to bee without ende, 
 where neucrthelelTe he and his poderitie the kynges of Spayne haue nowe planted a newe Ifraell niuche 
 greater then that whiche AJoifes letlde throughe the red fea. It were here fuperfluous to fpeake of Dauid 
 whom Godde founde a man accordynge to his hartes defyTC : and yet maye it be doubted whether his 
 plages and fcourges were greater then his benefites? His fonne Salomon for al his incondant and 
 wauerynge wyfedome and his great ryches obteyned by his nauigations to Ophir, yet was there at this 
 tyme no knowleage of Antipodes, neyther dydde any of his fliyppes fayle abowt the hole worlde, perce 
 the Ocean, and trauerfe the Eiiuinocual line to ih[e]inferiour hemifpherie or halfe globe of the earthe and fea 
 as dyd the famous fliyppe Victoria fent furth by Th[e]emperours maiedie. A tliyng doubtlefle fo drange 
 and manieylous that as the lyke was neuer done before, fo is it perhaps neuer lyke to be done ageyne : 
 fo farre haue the nauigations of the Spanyardes excelled the vyage of lafon and the Are;onauta: to the 
 region of Colchos, or all that euer were before. And although in the booke of kynges and Baralipomenon it 
 bee hypcrborically wrytten that in the dayes of Salomon golde and fyluer were in Hierufalem in maner 
 as plentiful as dones, and that his feruantes brought from Ophir foure hundreth and fiftie talentes of gold, yet 
 do we not reade that any of his fhyppes were fo laden with golde that they foonke, as dyd a fliyppe of 
 kynge Ferdinandos as yow maye reade in the lad booke of the fyrde Decade. Neyther was the dominion of 
 Salomon extended from the ryiier of Euphrates to the lande of the Philidians and th[e]extreme confines 
 of Egypte to be compared with the large Empire whiche the kynges of Spayne haue in the wed Indies ; 
 Nor his ryches of golile to be thought much in refpect of that which hath byn browght from thenfe into 
 Spayne as fliall playnely appere to al fuche as wyll feeke to knowe the tmth hereof. But to let pafle to 
 fjieake any further of the myracles which god hath wrought by the handes of this noble prince in this 
 newe world among thefe newe gentyles. Is it not well knowen to all the world what a defence and 
 brafen wall he hath byn to all Chrydendome in that he hath quite dryuen out of Spayne the Moores 
 or Sarafens and lewcs which fo many hundreth yeares poffefled a greate parte of Spayne to no fmaule 
 daungioure of the hole Chridian Emjiire, and yet coulde neuer before bee ckr.ne vanquyfflied vntyll 
 the dayes of this noble and Catholyke prince fo named for his warres ageynde the infidelles, whom God 
 rayfed for a Capitayne of his people as an other Gedion vnder whofe banner they myght ouercome theyr 
 enemies and pourge his vineyarde from fuche wycked weedes. The which thynge doubtelcfle may feeme 
 fo much the greater and more dilSculte, forafmuch as in the mydded of the chiefe heate of his chargeable 
 
 Premier Icihn 
 the Chrisliaii 
 Kiiifwrullr uf 
 Ktluupc. 
 
 Don Ferdinando 
 kyn^c uf Anigun. 
 
 The fauour ftf god 
 knowen by hU 
 benefites. 
 
 Not. 
 
 What End hath 
 wrought by kyngo 
 Ferdinando. 
 
 Abraham. 
 Spirituall IsraelL 
 
 Moifes. 
 
 Unuid. 
 
 Salomon. 
 
 Ophir. 
 
 Antipodes 
 The nauigatinn 
 rounde about the 
 worlde. 
 
 The dominion 
 of .Salomon. 
 Paral, 9. 
 
 The Indies. 
 
 The warres of 
 kynge Ferdinando 
 ageynst the 
 Sarasens. 
 
52 
 
 The Preface to the Reader. 
 
 Tlie conqtteste o 
 the Indies 
 
 The cnntnicste 
 uf Naples. 
 
 The r.niperuiirs 
 niaieatic 
 
 i, 
 
 I' i- i 
 
 ii M 
 
 Gen. 17. 
 
 The kinges 
 niutchtie 
 
 Apnstrnnlic lo 
 
 KiigUiiiuc. 
 
 Isai. 
 
 warres agcynfle tlic Moorcs of drnnada, he eiien then and at tlie fame tymc fcnte furih fliy])i)cs for the 
 conc|iicflynge of the Indies, as thowgh he and the nation of the Spanyardes had byn appoynted by god 
 eytlier to fiibduc the enemies of the foyth or to bringe theym to Chrilles religion. The fclfe fame kjnge 
 Fcrdinando alfo abowte the yeare of Chryfl. 1503. fente a naiiie of liyppes into Ii dy, wliere they vamiuyflhed, 
 chafed, and flewe the Frenchcmen, and recouered the kyngedome of Na|)les witli all the dominions belongynge 
 thereunto. ]iy which noble victory, his fucceflion and i)ollcritie as the[e]mperours niaieflie and nowe liis fonne 
 the kynge owre mafler and foueraigne lorde haue eiier fence enioyed th[e]inheritauncc of the fame as of 
 anticpiitie by iiifl and ryght tytle dewe to them and theyr prcdiceffours. And as it is the nature of god 
 not only to fliewe his loue aixl fauour to fuch as haue pleafed hym, but alfo to jioure furth the jilentie 
 of his grace vppon theyr fucccffiou from generation to generation, fo hath he wiUi lyke felicitie profjiered 
 the reignc of Th[e]emperours maieftie who by liis wifdomc and prowes hath not oncly poUitikly gouerned, 
 but alfo augmented and inlarged fuch dominions as fel to hym by difcente of inheritaunce. What fliuld I 
 f[x;ake of his warres and conquetles in India, in Aphrike, in Italic, in Fraunce, in Germanic, and i-i Fkunnlers : 
 all the which to be declared accordyngely wolde rather require hole volumes then fewc flieetes of paper. Vet 
 hath one in fewe woordes eflectually expreffed his dominions and conquefles in thefe vcrfes folowynge, 
 
 IinpigtT expauit rapidas traiifirc per vudas 
 
 Occaiii Akhks : continuitque gnuhim. 
 Maximusat Ccefar, PLVS VLTKA taukre cwfiim 
 
 All/us, ct ignoiis ejl dare iiira locis. 
 Et domita aurifira nunc viHor gcn/c rcuafiis, 
 
 Qctcrafiibfcrplraponat vt ipfcfuo. 
 Nam paler omnipotens i't famain termiiiet ajlri% 
 
 Jiifsil, ct impcritim fincat OccancK 
 
 f[ An other alfo breefcly hath declared the fame in thefe vcrfes. 
 
 Conforiem Imperij voluit quia Iiippiier orbis, 
 AJlra Deo cediint, Carok terra tibi. 
 
 And ccrtes who fo well confidcrcth the progenie of kynges that in fo fliorte a time haue linially defccndcd from 
 
 Don Fcrdinando, and howe many kyngedomc>s they poffeffe, may fee that Clod hath fulfylled in hym alfo the 
 
 promifes and bleffynges of Abraham, as to make h3'm the father of many nations, and liis feede to growe great 
 
 vpon the earth : Alfo that many kynges fhulde come furth of his loynes, and to make a pcr])Ctuall league and 
 
 conuenaunt with hym and his pofleritie to bee theyr god for euer. And here to omyttc to fpcake of other : Was 
 
 there euer better hope or more likenes then now-, that thefe bleffynges and promyfes of god fliulde continewe in 
 
 this princely progenie, fyth the vcrtues and felicitie of them al doo fo fliyne and florifflie in owr noble and gratious 
 
 prince kynge Phylypjje, to whom euen in his youth his father (occupied in the warres of Italye and Aphrike) 
 
 commytted the hole gouernaunce of the kyngedomes of Spayne and the Indies. Of his behaunur in Englande, 
 
 his enemies (which canker, vertue neuer lacked) They I fay (if any fuch yet remaine) haue greatefl caufe to 
 
 reporte well : ye fo well, that yf his naturall clemencie were not greater then was theyr vnnaturall indignation 
 
 they knowe them ftlues what niyght haue folowed. The properties of fooles and w)fe men are declared in 
 
 thefe owld vcrfes. 
 
 Qiiid Jltilti proprium 1 Non poffe et vclk noccre. 
 
 Quid fapkntis opus : Non vclk et p>oJJe noare. 
 
 Tliat is to (ay : Wliat is the propertie of a foole ? To wyl to doo hurte and can not. What is the woorke of a 
 wyfe man ? Not to wyll to hurte though he may. But whether he hath lacked poure or wyll, it is knowen to 
 barbers and blere eyde men. Who lamented theyr folly more then he ? A\1io more humbly admytted theyr 
 futes and fupplications ? Ye who obteyned theyr pardon but he ? Beynge a Lion he behaued hym felfe as a 
 lambe, and flrooke not his enemie hauynge the fwoorde in his hande. Stoope Englande floope, and learne to 
 knowe thy lorde and mafter, as horfes and other bnite beaftes are taught to doo. Be not indocible lyke Tygers 
 and dragons, and fuch other monflers noyous to man kynde. God by the mouth of Ifoias the projihct rcproueth 
 the Ifraelites that they knewe not fo well theyr dewtie towarde hym as dyd the brute beaRes the mangiers of 
 theyr maRers. The oxe and the affe (fayth he) knoweth the mangier of theyr mafler, but Ifraell knoweth not 
 me. For fliame let vs not be woorfe then oxen and alTes, and lyke vnto horfes and mules in whom is no vnder- 
 ftandynge. But O vnthankefuU Englande and voyde of honefl fhame ? Who hath geuen the the face of a hoore 
 and toonge of a feq)ent withowt fliame to fpeake venemous woordes in fecreates ageynft the annoynted of god. 
 O paynted hoore that had Chryfte in thy mouth and the deuyl in thy harte. Hathe not the pocke of thy 
 licentioufnelTe bruRe furth in maner to thyne owne deRruction. Howe longe wylt thou nuryfllie in thy boofome 
 
 
The Preface to the Render. 
 
 53 
 
 that fcrpentc wliofc nature is to dciimire her mouther? 'lake a voniytc in tymc lead thy difeafe become 
 vncural)ie. What neeile I rchearfe vnto the thy nianyfoide infirmities and deformities whiche thou arte faulen 
 into by thyne ownc owtragioufnelTe ? If the greefes of them l)ee to thee vnfenfil)le by reafon of thy feebleneffe 
 and longe fickenes, take vnto the that glaffe wherin tliou gloryell wiili tiie lewe and tiiynkell that thou feeft al 
 thynges and canfl. iudge all myfleries : Looke I fay in that pure glaffe and beholde thy owne ileformities, which 
 thou canlle not or wylte not feelc. I feare greatly that if thou looke therein diligently and lookc euen throughc 
 thy felfe, thou wylte abhorre tliy felfe to fee howe many monflers lye hid in the vnder the (hajie of man. There 
 is euen nowe great talke of the in the mouthcs of all men that thou hall of late yeares brought furthe many 
 monflers and flraunge byrthes, wherof tlyuers men make dyuers interpretacions more nionflrous then the 
 monllers theim felues. 15ut fliall I breefely and fimply declare vnto thee the fignification of thy mondcrs? I-'yril 
 then confyder that they are monflers of mankynde and not of other beades. Secundarily marke well that in 
 them al, the headde is jierfect, fo that the monllrofitie groweth owt of the body, although not owt of the hole 
 body but certeyne partes therof. But not to go to farre. Confyder ageyne that diforder of the jjartes is a 
 <leformitie to the hole. One hath well interjireted that futh mon.lrous byrthes fignifie the mondrous and 
 deformed myndes of the people myfOiajjened with phantadical opinions, diffoUite lyuynge, licentious talke, and 
 fuch other vicious behauoures which mondroudy del"onne the myndes of men in the fyght of god who by fuchc 
 fignes dooth cerlifie vs in what funilitude we a])pere before hym, and thereby gyucth vs admonition to amende 
 before the day of his wrath and vengeance. What deformed beades are more mondrous then lyingc, rebellion, 
 drife, contention, priuie malice, daunderynge, mutterynge, ^onfpiraces, and fuch other deuilyfflie imaginations. 
 But O Englande whyle tyme is gyuen thee, circumcife thy harte. Put to onely thy good wyll, and thou maydc 
 fynde grace and fauourc to recouer thyne aunciente bewtie whiche hath fo longe been defaced Thou hade 
 nowe a kynge and tjueene that defyre thee to remember thy dewtie, and holde thcyr amies abrode to embrafe 
 thee yf thou wylt drawe nere vnto them. They are fory to occui)ie the whyppe yf thou mighted otherwyfe bee 
 brought to obedience. But yf thou take pleafure to perfid in frowarde doobberneffe, knowe thou that they are 
 Lions wlielpes and conquerours of monders whereof thou had had (uche exjierience, that proudely trudyngc in 
 thyne owne drengthe, and attemptynge lyke an other Nemroth to buylde a newe towre of confufion, the 
 woorkes of thy giantes were miraculoudy ouerthrowne by a woman who deliucrcd thee from that cajitiuitie, 
 whereby thou oughtede to knowe the daungiour thou wall in, and bee thankefull to thy deliuerer. ]'eware 
 therefore leade whyle thou contemne the i)eaceal>le princes that god hath fent die, thou bee lyke vnto Ifopes 
 frogges to whom for theyr vnijuietneffe, lupiter fent a hearon to jiicke them in the hedes. Confider what bene- 
 fites thou niayd receaue at theyr handes if thou doo thy dewtie towarde them. Confyder ageyne that as they 
 are able, fo may thy gentelnede make them wyllynge to recompenfe the fame. Stoppe thyne eares from vayne 
 ftibles as from the inchauntynge Memiaydes. For as nianyc fpeake of Robbyn Koode and of his bowe that 
 neuer diot therin, fo doo fooles prate of fuch thynges as they knowe not. But O god ? what jihantafies are 
 nowe in the heades of men? Howe redy they are to inuent lyes and tales? and of howe fmaul fi)arkes they 
 kyndle great flames ? Summe are fo curious to fynde faute in other, that for lacke of iud matter woorthy reproche 
 in them whom they defyre to depraue, they fpeake euyll of the)T parentes and kynred of whom they knowe as jyttle. 
 And not fo fatilTyed they difpife and with lyinge difprayfe thejT hole nation and countrey. Ye funi take fuch 
 j)leafure herein, that if they can fynde noughte els to difprayfe, they wyll fynde faute in fuche as they fouour 
 not, bycaufe they weare not theyr apparell as they doo, or perhajipes are not fo effeminate as they, or eate not 
 as they eate, or light not as they fyght, fo parciall is the iudgenient of fooles in theyr owne rudenede, thynkyng 
 them felues the better for difprayfynge of other. Sjiayne is a beggerly countrey fayth one : Th[e]eniperour is 
 but poore fayth an other : He is deade fayth an other : The Indies haue rebelled fayth an other, and eyther 
 there conimeth no more golde from thenfe, or there is no more founde nowe : with fuche other falfe and licentious 
 talke diuifed by vnquiet braines in whofe heades the hammers of fedition feafe not to forge ingens of iniciuitie. 
 If I diulde here anfwere to all thefe querels particularly and as the woorthynefle of the tliynge requireth, I 
 myght fynde matter fuflicient to make a volume of iude quantitie and perhappes be tedious to fumme. Yet not 
 to pade ouer fo great a matter vntouched, and partely to doppe the mouthes of fuche impudente lyers, I haue 
 thought good to fpeake fumwhat hereof. Fyrd therfore to fpeake of Spayne, and by the tedinionie of oulde 
 autours to declare the commodities therof: Plinie a graue and faythful autour, in the lad boke and lad chapiture of 
 his natural hidory greatly commendynge Italy aboue al other contreys, giueth the fecond prayfe vnto Spaine, 
 afwel for al fuch thynges as in maner the heuen can geue and the earth br)'nge furth for the commoditie of this 
 1)^6 as alfo for the excellente wittes of men and Ciuile gouemaunce. Alfo Diodorus Siculus in the fixt booke of 
 his Bibliotheca fpeakynge of Spayne (cauled of the Greekes Iberia) writeth that when in the niountaines named 
 Pyrinei th[e]inhabitantes bumte vp the wooddes, there ranne owt of the niountaynes as it were dyuers dreames of 
 pure fyluer molten by the heate of the fyre. But the edimation and price of fjluer beinge at thofe daycs to 
 them vnknowen, the Phenician marchauntes bought the iameof them for thynges of fmaule value: And caryinge 
 
 EnsN. H 3 S3 
 
 Montlrouf 
 Liyrlhcs. 
 
 The sif^iific.ititint 
 nf innn^trus 
 byrthes. 
 
 'I'lic (Icfnrmity 
 of iiioiistruus 
 liiyliJcft. 
 
 The tcyiiR and 
 
 (JUCCIIC. 
 
 How curious 
 siininie are to 
 fynde faute in 
 other. 
 
 I.yes Imagined. 
 
 Commendations 
 of Spain 
 
 Ryrhe fyhier 
 mynes in Si*ayn& 
 
 
54 
 
 The Pycfacc to the Reader. 
 
 \^ 
 
 \n 
 
 ft 
 
 fi 
 
 The Romans 
 iiiriLhci) liy the 
 Byluer uf Sjiaytie. 
 
 The 
 
 Carlh.iRlucM^is 
 itirichf'i liy iho 
 kylucr uf ^(laiii. 
 
 The coinmoilitiits 
 uf Spain 
 
 The syRite uf 
 thu btuc{p|c. 
 
 EnRlande 
 iinpoiierii^hed, 
 Spayiie inriclicd. 
 
 Sihicr mines 
 founilc III' late 
 in Spayne. 
 
 Sylucr hrnURht 
 fiimie IVru into 
 kilglaliile. 
 
 Thleleinperiivirs 
 rciicnuc*! fruin 
 thi: tlldic^fc 
 
 The llimlciof 
 the huullie &t:a. 
 
 The Ilaniles of 
 MaJui-iL 
 
 it into ("irccia, Afia, anil other countrcys, got great ryrholTi; tlicrhy. For tlio dcfyrc of gayni-s (fayth he) To greatly 
 nioiicil the marehauntes, that wiien more fyliier reniayneil then niyght lade the)r fli)i pes, they touke tlie leaile 
 fronie tlieyr ankers, and put fyliier in the place therof. The Plieniees hy tlicfe gaynes heinge made very ryehe, 
 (1yd affigne many colonies both in Sicilic and the Ilandes there abowt, and alfo in I,ii>}a, Sardinia, and Iberia. 
 Hut after many yeares when the Iberians (that is the Spaniardes) knewe the ;>ricc of fyluer, and applyed them 
 felues to the feekyngo of metils and founde great plentie of fyluer, they obteyneil greate ryches therby forafmuch 
 as in maner al that earth of the niountaynes is fo repienyflhed witii fyluer that it is a marueylous thynge to con- 
 fyder the nature of the region anil the continual laboure of the woorkenien in thofe mynes. l,yke\v)fe when 
 afterwarde the Romans fubdued the Iberians, the Italians which for the ilefyre of gaynes fearched thofe metals, 
 gotte great rycheffe by the fame. For they deputed to that laboure a multitude of bowghte feruauntes, whichc 
 fearchynge the vaynes of metals in dyuers places, and percyng the earth dyuers wayes for the fpace of many 
 furlonges, browght furthe great i)lentie of golde and fyluer. liut the rychelTe of thefe mynes was fyrd founde at 
 fuch tyme as the Carthaginenfes (the enemies of the Romane F.miiire) had the Il)erians in fubiection: which 
 was the caufe that theyr poure afterwarde increafed. For, with monye hyringe the bed and mode cxpertc 
 fouliliers, they kepte greuous warres ageynd theyr enemies. And not vfynge the ayde eyther of theyr owne 
 fouldiers or the)T aflbciates, they were a terrour to the Romanes, Sicilians, and Libyans, whom they browght 
 into great daungiour by reafon they i)affed them al in abundaunce of golde and fyluer. With better fortune 
 therefore, and greater ho])e of gayne are ryche metals fought in Spayne, the goodneffe of whofe foyle yeldeth 
 cloddes of earth conteynyngc much golde and fyluer. And thefe be the very wordes of Diodonis Siculus, which 
 the later wTyters doo alfo confirmc. For lulius Solinus in his I'olyhidor, comparelh Sjiaync to the bed contreys 
 in plentie of graync, vyttayles, oyle, fyluer, golde, and Iron. Likewyfe Strabo, Statins, and Claudius, do no lelVe 
 commende it. It were to longe here to fjjcake of the greate plentie of fine woolles lyttle inferiour vnto owrs; 
 alfo abundaunce of fugar, vines, pomegranates, limondes, and orangies in fuch plentie tl.at they fiiffice not only 
 Si)aync, but alfo in maner all Europe : whereas the apples and crabbes of Englande are fcarfely able to ferue it felfe. 
 And althowghe here fumme wyll obiecte, that they lacke come, woodile, and certeyne other thynges, yet are theyr 
 commodities fo greate otherwyfe, that al fuch thynges are browght them owt of other countreys for theyr wares: 
 and that in fuch plentie, that they are there better chepe then eiier they were in Englande fence the ligne of the 
 deei)le the poore mans Inne was pulled downe in all plai I's. Suniiue for l.icke of other matter, fynde greate 
 faute that in trauaylynge in S|)ayne, men flialbe ferued with halfe a henne, and go to the cookes for theyr meate 
 and to the tauerne for theyr drynke. And what then I praye yow? What inconuenience enfeweth hereof? Is it 
 not better fo to doo then to pay thryfe for one thinge as is the maner to doo in fumme of owre Innes and in 
 tauernes where all that eate rode meate are beaten with the fpitte, as where they that of late in IJarthehncwe 
 fayre payile fortie penfe for a Jiygge, where the good man of the houfe was not a fliamed to make his vaunte that 
 he had made foure fliyllynges of a pygge, and had in one day taken foure pounde for pygges. liut if I duild 
 here particularly and at large declare howe Englande is in fewe yeares decayed and impoueryfrtied, and howc 
 on the contrary parte Spayne is inryched, I diulde perhappcs difpleafe more in defcrybyng the myferie of the 
 one, then pleafe other in expreffynge the floryflliynge date of the other, which by all reafon is lyke dayly to 
 increafe, afwell for the great rycheffe that are yearely browght thyther from the Indies, as alfo for the ryche fyluer 
 mynes that r.re founde of bte in Spayne in the countrey of Aduria as I was creilably informed by the woorihy 
 and lerned gcntelman Augudinus de Ceratta, Contador (that is) the auditour of the kynges myntes who had 
 longe before byn furueyoure of the golde mynes of Peru, and browght from thenfe and from Rio de I'lata. xiii. 
 thoufand poimde weyght of fyluer which was co}ned to the kinges vfe in the towre of London where neuer fo 
 much hath byn feene at once as fuche as haue byn r ide odicers in the mynte doo adlrme. What fluilde I 
 heare fpeake of the golde which th[e]emperours maief c receaueth frome all the Indies, whereas onely in the two 
 meltynge fliojipes of the gold mines of the Ilande of Hifpaniola, is molten yearely three hundreth thoufande 
 pounde weyght of. \v.\. vnces to the pound, wherof the fyde parte is dewe vnto hym, whichc amounteth to three 
 fcore thoufiinde weyght yearely. Yet doo I not here fpeake of the golde mines of the other Ilandes and the 
 firme lande reachynge. viii. thoufande myles from the north to the fouth: Neyther of the ryche Ilandes of the 
 fouth fea cauled Mare del Sur, where the kynge of one lyttle Ilande named Tacarequi, Margaritea, or de las 
 Perlas, lying in the goulfe of Saynt Michael, payeth yearely for his tribute a hundreth pounde weight of pcrles: 
 Neyther yet of the fyfte parte of other thynges, as precious dones, brafile, goflampine cotton, fpices, and dyuers 
 other thynges, wheras alfo the ryche Ilandes cauled the Maluchas perteyne to the inheritaunce of Cadile, 
 althowgh the kynge of Tortugale enioy them for certeyne yeares by compofition. But the Indies haue rebelled 
 (fay they) and there commeth no more golde from thenfe. But what if fumme of them haue rebelled ? dooth it 
 therby folowe that there commeth no more gold from the other that lyue vnder obedience ? But if thou wylte fay 
 thai; they haue al rebelled at once, thou mud proue that thou fayed eyther by hydorie or wytnefln of fuch as 
 know the truth herof, as I (hauing made diligent fearche for the fame) am able to proue the contrarie, and that 
 
 t! 
 
The Pyc/acc to the Rcadcf. 
 
 55 
 
 .5 
 I 
 I 
 
 fiiihc t.ilkf is oiicly iiii,it;iiK'(l l)y Imfii; IkmiKIl'S. Agcync; what if they Iwuc U'liclkd in i'liiiiiUL' proiiimcs ? 
 (looth it fulowc that they niaye not agcync be hrowgln ynder fiihicction as were oftentymes the p'ouinces ol tlie 
 Romanes ami as were in owrc ilayes ilyuers couhircys of Knglamlc whiche liaue l)yn fore afflicteil with tiiat 
 plage. l!ut whether llie famles of the ryiiers ami the moiintaynes of the Indies liee fo emptied with golde that 
 no mure cm be fminde lliere, I ihinke it here fiipertliii)\is to anfwerc to this obiection, furafnuuh as it is here- 
 after confuted in the bouke of metals where yow (liall fynde by experience that metals growe and im reafe, and 
 that after cerleyne yeares. fuche owlde caiies of the niynes as liaue byn dygged, are ageyne replenyflhed with vre: 
 Alfo that the fprynges of fuche mountaynes turnynge theyr courfc and breakynge furth In other places, brynge 
 with them greate plentie of fuch goiilen fande as is founde in tlic ryuers inKi the which they faule. \\liat 
 impudencie is it therforu will) wourdes of reproche to caule hym poore wliofe ]i(i;ii^ is fo greate, liis treafure fo 
 infinite, and his doinges fo chargeable, that I beleeue that wiien fo euer it pleafe almyghtie Gml to caule hym 
 frome this lyfe to the greate domage of all Chrydeiidon'.e, it llialbe harde to fynde an other that (hall in all poyntes 
 bee fo well able to fupjilye that roome and maynteyne th[e]iniperiall ilignitie. Let al honell n n ires therfore learne 
 to f|)eake well of princes accordynge to the lenience /A' yV///,v///wi- «/////// Av;///;/, forafmuch as they are the 
 minillers of god who halh theyr hartes in his hande and ruleth the fame as feemeth belle vnto hym. For there 
 is no pourc ii yther gooil nor badde, but of god: and he that refylleth or fpeaketh euyll of the jujure, refilTeth 
 and fpeal.et.' .:y!l of god. Thou llialt not fpeake euyll of the jmnce or ruler of thy peojile faith faint I'aule. 
 
 liiu w! jras nowe by die poure of Xeptunus (I wot nere with what wynde) I haue byn dryucn thus farrc 
 from '.ny • luigations, I haue thought good to turnc my fayles and tofolowe the ordinarie cmirfe whi(h 1 begannc, 
 and b) • iLe]e.\en)ple of this woorthy capitayne kynge Ferdinando, encourage al other to theyr poure to attempte 
 the lyke .yages: As touthynge the which in fewe xvoordes to declare ray opynyon, if any man llnilde ad^e me 
 what I thynkc thefe thinges wyll growe to in t , le, I wyll anfwere as dooth the autoure of this booke, 
 that when I confyder howe farre owre jjofteritie li dl fee the ChriRian religion enlarged, I am not able 
 with tounge or penne to e.xprelTe what I conceauc 1 eieof in my mynd. Yet one thyng I fee wliich enforceth 
 me to fpeake and lament, that the haruell is fo grea,. and the workemen fo few. The .Sp.inyardes Ivuie fliewed a 
 good excmple to all Chryflian nations to ^ \ we. l!ii; as god i-. great ami woondirfull in all his wnorkes, 
 fo befyde the portion of lande jjcrteynyng lO the Spanyiles (beinge cyght tymes bygger then Italye as 
 yowe maye rcade in the lafte booke of the leconde Dei.ide) and bcfide that which perteineth to the I'ortugales, 
 there yet remayneth an o'her portion of that m yne r..hde rcachynge towanle the northeafl, tli lught to be 
 as large as the other, ami not yet knowen but only liy the fea coafles, neyther inliabyted by any C.'lirillian men : 
 whereas neuertheleffe (as wr)-tet!i Gemma Phrifius) in this lande there are many flxyre and fnitefull regions, 
 hygh mountaynes, and fayre ryuers, with abundaunce of goldc and dyucrs kyndes of beaftes. .Alfo cities 
 and towres fo wel buyldcd and people of fuch ciuilitie, that this parte of the worlde feemeth lyttle inferiour 
 to owre Kuroiie, if th[e)inhabitauntes had leceaued owre religion. They are wyttie jicople and refule not 
 barterjngc with flraungers. Thefe regions are cauled Terra Florida an<l Regio Baccalearum or Bacchallaos 
 of the which yow may readc fumwhat in this booke in the vyage of the woorthy owlde man yet lyuing 
 Sebafliane Cabote, in the. vi. booke of the thyrde Decade. But Cabote touched only in the north corner 
 and mofl barbarous parte hereof, from whenfe he was rei)ulfi.'d with Ife in the moncth of luly. Neuertheleffe, 
 the wcfl and foulh partes of thefe regions haue fence byn better fearched by other, and founde to bee 
 as we haue fayde before. The chiefe citie in the fouthwefl partes of thefe regions, is cauled Temixtetan, 
 or Me.vico in maner vnder the circle cauled Tropicus Cancri, and flrongely defended by the nature of 
 the place. I'or it Randeth in a very great lake hauynge abowt it innumerable bridges, and buyldyngcs 
 to be compared to the woorkes of 1 )edali!s. Th[e]inhabitauntes alfo can wryte and reade. Sumnie wryters 
 • onnecte this lande to the firnie lando of Afia : But the truth hereof is not yet knowen. Ami althougho 
 the Spanyanles haue certeyne colonies in that part of this lande that is nowe cauled Nona Ilifpania, yit are 
 the people for the molle parte Idolatours. Howe much therfore is it to be lamented, and howe greatly 
 dooth it founde to the reproche of all Chririendome, and efpccially to fuch as dwell nerefl to thefe landes 
 (.IS we doo) beinge muche nearer vnto the fame then are the Spanyardes (as within, xxv. dayes (aylinge 
 and lefle) howe muche I faye fliall this founde vnto owre reproche ami inexcufable floihfulneffe and 
 negligence bothe before goil and the worlde, that fo large dominions of fuch tractable people and pure 
 gentiles, not beinge hytherto corrupted with any other falfe religion (and therefore the eafyer to bee allured 
 to cmbrafe owrcs) are nowe knowen vnto vs, and that we haue no refpecte neyther for goddcs caufe nor 
 for owre owne commoditie to attempte fumme vyagcs into thefe coafles, to doo for owr partes as the 
 Spaniardes haue doone for theyrs, and not euer lyke fliccpe to haunte one trade, and to doo nothynge 
 woorthy memorie amonge men or thankes before god, who maye herein woorthely accufe vs for the 
 flackenclTe of owre dewtie towa ,'e hym. Saynt I'aule the doctoure of the gentiles (to whofe A[ 1clflii)ii)e 
 alfo thefe newe gentiles doo jjerteine) was of fuch zcalc toward the lewes whom god had rciectal, that 
 
 The n.iiligatMinl 
 of the ^panyarilef. 
 
 It.ili i.s. inzomylct 
 ill lengthe anct. 
 1^6. ill brcKltht;. 
 
 The I.inde ciuled 
 Terr.* n<irid.-i, iinil 
 rcgiu baccileuruin. 
 
 Lonkc llir \xA 
 hnnkc, ihirde 
 decade. 
 This ref^inn is 
 now c.iulfd Nona 
 Hisn.ini:!. Sum 
 thinkti that this 
 citie is <Jiiins.-ti of 
 M.irciis P.tu!us. 
 I.noke the last 
 booke of the i. 
 dcciide. :iiui tne 
 tieKiiiniriK of the 
 booke of the 
 l.tnd':s lately 
 found. 
 
 I 
 
 The (;ndlye zeale 
 of. b. Paulc. 
 
*l"!^mS9l9 
 
 mmmmmmmm 
 
 ■I 
 
 56 
 
 7Vie Preface to the Rciidcy. 
 
 \ % 
 
 ill 
 
 U.<\. 66. 
 
 GrL-guric the I'ir^L 
 
 ThtclnfTire of 
 bysiiuiipcji. 
 
 Kngl;in(l 
 converted to tlu 
 faith uf eliriat. 
 
 This vnifriile v. as 
 af:crw.inlc 
 naiuej iloneface. 
 
 \\Tiethcr any may 
 l>ee compelled to 
 llie faythe. 
 
 The tynic of 
 niiracles. 
 
 ^tiracIcs of late 
 dayes. 
 
 Howe Israeli 
 pos^essed thi 
 
 lande of 
 promessu. 
 
 Ktlirft. 2. 
 cap. 4. 
 
 he wyrflicil hyiii fclfc to hce acctirfcd of gotl for thcyr fakes. He went from Damafcus to Arabic, preached 
 
 tlie gofijcll in drecia, came prifoner to Rome, was fcoiirged and (loned, and fiiftered thryfe fliypwracke, 
 
 what then tliinke yow lie wold do if he were now aUiie ? Is it to be thought that he wolde not aduenture. 
 
 XXV. dayes faylynge to come to fuch a marte of foiiles in fuch redineffe to bee eafely obteyned ? I beleue 
 
 verely that ncyther death, nor the dcuyll, nor Leuiathan, nor the worlde, fliulde let hym but that iie wolde geue 
 
 th[e].)nfet agoynfl them all in hope of vi -torie by hym by whom he fayth he can doo all thynges. He was not 
 
 negligent in his otlice nor ignorant of Iiis rewarde, but trailed to the promeffe of him that fayde by the 
 
 mouth of the (jrophet Ifai : Of them that flialbe faued, I wyl fende fum to the gentyles in the fea, into 
 
 Aphrike and I.il)ia, Italic, and Grecia, and into the Ilandes a farre of, to them that haue not harde of me, 
 
 ami haue not feene my glorie. The like zeale that I'aule had, and proceadynge of the fame fpirite, hath 
 
 euer fence Cliryllcs tyme, moiied not only the .'ViJoRIes, but alfo many other famous and godly men (as 
 
 fui)eruifours of his teflamente) to fende owte preachers into dyuers partes of the worlde to fliewe furlh the 
 
 glailde tydynge of the gof])cll. By this zeale dyd Gregorye byflhoppe of Rome and fjrRe of that name, 
 
 when he fawc Englyfllie mens chyldren in Rome and aflvcd what nation they were, when anfwere was 
 
 made hym in the laten tounge that they were Angli, (that is, Englyfflie men) he (iiyd (alludyng to the 
 
 fwnilitude of the wordc) that they myght wel be caulud Angeli, that is, Angels : Meanyng therby that 
 
 lyke as god had tlone his part in geuyng them bodies of natural bewtie and comelynefle, fo it apperteyned 
 
 to his office beinge the checfe paRoure of goddes flocke, to prouyile that theyr foulcs might be made 
 
 ■.voorthy to ir.habite fuch bodies and the hole nation confecrated vnto god by ba])tifme. For he fiyde 
 
 furthermore : It is meete that vnto thefe alfo, the gofpell of life bee preached : And hereuppon immediatly 
 
 fent jireachers into Knglande whereby the hole nation was in fliorte tyme conuerted to Chrilles faith, 
 
 akhough fi. 1 had receaued the gofpell long before euen from Chryftes tyme by the preachyng of lofeph 
 
 of Arimathia who afked the body of ChryRe of Pilote, and buryed it reuerently. I wolde to god that 
 
 there were now many mo fuch Gregories in the worlde : And that there might lyke zeale and gentelneffe 
 
 bee founde in vs luigljfflie men towarde other nations, as we haue founde in other towarde vs. Owre 
 
 prediceffoures were not vtterlye vnmyndefull of thefe benefites, but applyed them felues lykewife to fpreade 
 
 the gofiJcU in other nations. For Vadianus in his booke Dc tribus lane fartilnts, wryteth, that more then 
 
 feuen hundrethe yearcs after the death of Chrylle, one Vnefride an Englyfflie man and byfflioppe of Mogunce, 
 
 (nowe cauled Menfe) was the fyrfle that tawght the fayth of Chryfle amonge the Gernia)nes, at fuch tyme 
 
 as the Frankes and Almaynes had palTed ouer the ryuers of Rliene and Danubius, anil by puttynge the 
 
 garryfons of the Romans to flight, had poffeffcd a great parte of theyr mod notable prouinces. For albeit 
 
 that thefe mde arid barbarous nations then accuRomed onely to warre and robberie did hardly admitte 
 
 that holfome doctrine at the beginning. Yet by the poUicie and wifedome of the Frankes, it came fo to 
 
 palTe that in nianer through owt all Germanic, greate increafe of the Chrillian religion foiowed there moRe 
 
 anijile victories, as tlie lyke fucceffe is alfo feene in thefe barbarous nations fubdued by the Spanyarde.s. 
 
 Whereby it is apparent, that although fum holde opinion that none owght to bee compelled to the iliythe, 
 
 yet we fee by experience that withowt difputynge of opinions (leRe the pacientes lliulde dye before the 
 
 phifitians agree of the remedie) thefe entreprifes haue taken good effect to the great glory of god who cauleth 
 
 men vnto hym by dyuers iiieanes and at dyuers ages of the declinynge worlde, otherwyfe nowe then in 
 
 the tyme of CliryRe and his Apo'lles when the jioure of miracles was giuen vnto men to confirme the 
 
 newe fayth which had yet preuaiietl 1.0 w here in tlie worlde. Albeit, I beleue verely, tlwt if we wolde take 
 
 the matter in hande acconlyngly, god wolde not forget to ayde vs with miracles if it fliuld fo be reiiuilite, 
 
 as yowe may reatle in this booke ho«e he wrought miracles by the fayth of a fimple mariner euen in 
 
 th[e]inf;incie of faythe. i\iid fuerlye, l)kc as there is no caufe why we fliulde anye thynge double of goddes 
 
 goodneffe in this behalfe if the faut be not in owre felues. luien fo, if we woltle fyrRe fette owre handes 
 
 to the plowe, we ought to hope that he wolde giue encreafe and woorke with vs as he hath doone with 
 
 other, by whofe profperous fucceffe we may jilainely fee that it was his wyll that fuche thynges Ruilde 
 
 go forwarde. For euen Ifraell to whom promefle was made liy fignes and miracles that they fliulde poReflfe the 
 
 lande to th[e]inheritaunce wherof, the fea ojiened it felfe to giue them free paffage, yet were they commaunded by 
 
 the poure of the fwoorde to make way, with greate lofl'e and Raughter of men and by force of armes to obteyne 
 
 the lande promyfed to theyr fathers, whiche neuerthcleffe fewe of them pofleRed that firR fought for the fame, 
 
 but lefte theyr carkefos in the wilderneRe. Is it not alfo written of the luwes which repayred the walles 
 
 of the citie of Hierufalem after theyr captiuilie in liabilon, that Nehemias theyr cajiitaine fet the people in 
 
 order with fwoonles, fpeares, and bowes to defende the woorkemen ? And that alfo euen the J'riiices of luda 
 
 wrought \ppon the walles and caricd burtlens ? lykewyfe that they wrought with one hande and held theyr 
 
 fwoordes in the other? And if it were lawRil for Ifraell accordynge to the flefllie, to vfe all mcancs and 
 
 poUicies to buylde vi) the walles of earthly Hierufalem, howe muche more then ought the fiurituall Ifraclites to 
 
 S6 
 
 f J 
 
The Preface to the Reader. 
 
 57 
 
 vfe all pofTihle ineancs to buylde vp the walles and temples of fpirituall Hicnifalem, wliofe fuiulation is Clirifte, 
 \vyllyngc all the nations of the worlde to be hiiylded vppon the fame. It is the propcrtic of a wyfe buylder to 
 vfe fuch tooles as the woorke reiiuireth. And not at all tymes or in all woorkes to vfe one toolc. For that 
 that fcrueth in fofte tymber, wyll not feme in knottie pieces, nor yet for ftones. 'rh[e]expert -'hifitian vfeth 
 vehement remedies for defpcrate difeafes: And cunninge furgians vfe burnynge and cuttynge if the cafe fo 
 re<iuire, as in cuttynge of the fynger to fane the hande, or in cuttyng of the hand to fane the hole body. Ye it 
 hath fumtymes fo chaunfed that wheras men haue entended hurt, there hath good proceaded thcrof in fine: As 
 he that wolde haue ilaine Prometheus, wounded his wenne with his fwoorde, whereby he was healed of that 
 difeafe. So is god able to turne euyll into goo<l, and to make thynges that are not, as thynges that are. Euen 
 fo although fummc wyll obiecte that the dcfyre of golde was the chiefe caufe that moued the Spanyardes and 
 Portugales to fearchc the newe founde landes, trewly albeit we fliulde admitte it to bee the chiefe caufe, yet dooth 
 it not folowe that it was the only caufe, forafmuch as nothyng letteth but that a man may bee a warrier or a 
 marchaunte, and alfo a ChriRian. Therefore what fo eucr owre chiefe intente bee, eyther to obteyne worldely 
 fame or rycheflc, (althoughe the zeale to encreafe Chriflian religion ought chiefly to moue vs) I wolde to god we 
 wolde fyrft attempte the matter: And then I doubte not but that it wolde fo comme to palTe with vs as it dyd 
 with them who of longe time after the beginning of the worlde before menne were accuflomed to eate flefflie, 
 thought it firft fufticient fo to vfe them felues amonge beafles that they were not hurte of them : but fliortly after, 
 vfed them for thcyr commoditie : Then begimne to wcare theyr fkinnes : And in fine, fell to eatynge of theyr 
 fleflhe, and to vfe certcine partes of them for remedies ageinll difeafes. Euen fo may thefe barbarians by the 
 only conuerfation with the Chriflians, (although they were enforced therto) be brought to fuch familiaritie with 
 ciuilitie and vertue, that not onely we maye take greate commoditie thereby, but they may alfo herewith imbibe 
 trewe religion as a thing accidental although neyther they nor we fluilde feeke the fame. For lyke as they that 
 goo much in the foonne, are coloured therewith although they go not for that puq)ofe. So may the conuerfation 
 of the Chriflians with the gentyles induce thcyni to owre religion, where there is no pr^atcr caufe of contrarye 
 to refyfte as is in the luwes anil Turkcs who are alredy drowned in theyr confirmed erroure. But thefe fim[)le 
 gentiles lyuingc only after the lawe of nature, may well bee lykened to a fmoothe and bare table vnpainted, or 
 a white paper vnwritten, vpon the which yow may at the fyrfl paynte or wryte what yow lyfle, as yow can not 
 vppon tables alredy paynted, vnleffe yow rafe or blot owt the fyrfle formes. They may alfo th[e]enyer bee allured to 
 the Chriflian fayth, for that it is more agreable to the lawe of nature then eyther the cerinionious lawe of Moifcs, 
 or portentous fables of Mahomctes Alcharon. If we were therfore as defyrous to enlarge the fayth of Chryfte 
 as to feeke worklly gooddes, why do we dcfcrre to aduenture that wherin we may doo bothe. >\'e mufle not 
 nowe looke for a newe Paule or doctouie of the gentiles to bee conuerted by heauenly reuelations : Or for a 
 newe Moifes to leade men through the fea: Or for an Angel to cary men in the ayer from one place to an other 
 as Habacucke the prophete was caryed by the heare of his heade from ludea to IJabilon: Or as Phylippe 
 tli[e];ippo(lle was caryed by the f])irite from Gaza to Azo'us: but mufle (as fayth the pro|)hete Ifaias) euery man 
 exhorte his neyghboure, and bid his broother be of good chere: That the niafon and carpenter may buylde 
 togyther, and fay to the glewe or cemente, it is good and fode byndynge. What negligence and llackenefie hath 
 hytherto byn in Chriflian men in this kynde of buyldynge of goddes lyuely temple, the greate clerke Erafmus 
 hath declared in his booke intiteled Eccleffiades, whofe woordes for the woorthynelTe of the autoure, I haue here 
 thowght good to rehearfe as they are wrytten by hyra in the laten tounge in the fyrfle booke of the fayde woorke. 
 lie wryteth therfore as foloweth. 
 
 Aiidimus qiwiiiiiaiias ijutraiwnias dfploraiitium collapfam Chriflianam rflii^iotirm, eamqm lUtionnn qiicf quondam 
 comphxa ejl viiiiifi/ian tenanim ordeni, in /uts angtijlias effc contraflam. Hoc i\:;ifur qtiilnis (x animodolct, eos dad 
 ardailibus afsiduifqiie volis Jhigifare a Chrijlo vt openxrws digiicliir miltcrc in mffftmfiiani, aiit (vt mdius diavn) 
 fcminalora milUrc in fcgiiem /nam. Daim immortalem, quant wn in orbe patet agrorum in quibus aut non dum 
 uiHum ejl fcmai Euangclicum, aut ita iaflum ejt, vt plus Jit zizaniaium quam tritici. Oibis minima pars fjl 
 Europa: Omnium flcrcntifsima pars ejl Gnccia ct Afia minor in quam magna fucxrjfu primum a Jud<ca diinigrauit 
 Euangclium. At lute fere tota, nonne tcnetnr a Mahumetanis et ijs qui Clirijli nomen habent inuifumt lam in 
 Afia maiore qmc iatifsime patet, quid obfeero twjlrum ejli quum ipfa rakjhna vnde primo efihixit lux Euangeliea, 
 fieruiat Allophylisl In Aphriea vera quid no/lrum ejl? N'ec dubitandum e quin in tanta vajlitate ngionum fint 
 populi rudes etfimplices qui facile pojfcnt ad Chrijlum alici, ft mittercntur qui facercnt bonam Jementcm. Quid quod 
 quotidie regiones liaHenus incognita" repa-iuntur, ferunturque fupereffc quo null us adhue nojlratium peruenit. Omitto 
 nunc infinitam ludicorum vim nobis admixtam : omitto plurimos qui titulo Chrijli tegunt Ethnicos: omitto tantas 
 Jchijmaticorum tt lucretieorum phalanges. Quantus in /lis ejfct prouenirs C/iriJlo, ft gnaui ae fidrlcs mitterentur 
 opcrarij qui iaciuut femen bonum, qui reuellant zizaniam, qui plantent plantulas bonas, malas extetpent, qui extruant 
 domum Dei, dcmoliantur JlruHuras non innitcutes petnz Chrijlo, dcniquc qui metant maturam Jegetem, fed Chrijlo 
 
 The buylding 
 of spinuiati 
 liierusalem. 
 
 The comicrsion of 
 the gcnliluft. 
 
 The christian 
 faythr. 
 
 'saL4S. 
 
 Aui^ustia 
 
 CItristiatuk 
 
 diUanit. 
 
f 
 
 f 
 
 11 ' 
 
 ^ 
 
 58 
 
 77ie Preface to the Reader. 
 
 Prcsteian 
 Actliiopia rex. 
 
 rUafii. 
 
 Ffattcisiatti 
 
 Serafi/uci. 
 
 DotntMuatii 
 
 ClurubicL 
 
 Lingua 
 
 imptricitu 
 
 Miracuta, 
 
 Damianus n does 
 
 To tlie christian 
 princus. 
 
 The !»hecpe of 
 Europe. 
 
 ilic (loctnure 
 of diuinitie 
 
 An admonition 
 to richc niea. 
 
 The marchant 
 
 mc /aiil lion fil'i, cl aiiimas Domino coUit^ant, non optS fibi. A'lipi-r Adhiopitc rex qucm 7'ii/giis appd/at Frejleian, 
 piT oratorcm fiiiim fuhmijU fc fcdi Romamc, non ni/ii/ cxpojlitlans cum pontificc quod ca j:;nis quum aftdc Clinjli 
 non fit aliaia, tarn din fucrit a tocius orbis pajlore nci^hrla. Qiiidam viri boni, et p>vp<ii;iindic rdii^ionis fiuJiofi, 
 qucruntur Pilapios Scyt/iicE ftptcntrionalis popidum mire fimplican ac rudcm, a tufcio quibus principibus Cltrijlianis 
 tcncri ditionc, fed ita dura premi iiigo humano, vt eis non imponatur fuaue iu^um Chrifli, atque itafpoliari bonis 
 extcrnis, vt non ditentur opibus eiian\;(licis. Pukherrimnm, Dcoque gratifsimum erat dare pot ius quant acciperc ijs 
 quos Jludcmns Chrijlo lucrifijccre, ac fie cos in ditionnn nofiram rccipere vt gaudcant fe fubicflos cffc principibus fub 
 quorum impcrio commodius dcgant quam ante degcbanf. Nouimus cicurare brjlias fcras ct horribiles, vcl ad volup- 
 tatem, vcl ad ifium vulgarcm: ct non nouimus manfucfaccrc homines vt fcruiant Chrijlo? MonarchcB alunt qui 
 doccant clcphantos ad fialtandi::n, qui doment leoucs ad lufium, qui domcnt lynccs ct Icopardos ad venattim : ct 
 monarcha ccc/cfia; non inucnit quo homines alliciat ad amabilc Chrijli fcruicium i Scio vix vllam repcriri bcluani 
 domitu difiiciliorem quam efi ludnis obfiinatus, ct obduratus hicrcticus : quanquam nullum cjl animal tarn immile 
 quod non ciciirctur beneficent ia ct fiiiauitate. E repcrtis regionibiis cuchitur aurum ct gemmcc : Sed triumpho dignius 
 erat illuc inucherc Chrijlianam fapicntiam auro preciofiorcm, ac margaritum cuangciicum quod omnibus diuenditis 
 bcmt coniparatur. Dominus iulni fiuis rogarc domiuum mefisis vt cxtrudat operarios quod nicfisis effct ampla, opcrarij 
 pauci. Non minus opus efi nunc rogarc dcum vt in tarn late patentes agros cjiciat operarios, Scd cxcufant onincs, 
 alius aliud. Atqui Christiana ditio tot habct myriadas Francijcanorum in quibus probabile e/l quamplurimos 
 effc qui vcre flagrant igni feraphico : nee pauciorcs funt inyriadcs Dominicanorum, et in his confientancum e/l 
 pcrmultos cffc Cherubici fpiritus. Ex his cohortibus cligantur virt, mundo verc mortui, Chrifio viui, qui fiyncere 
 apud barbaras gentcs doccant verbum Dei. Excufatur linguic imperitia. Atqui principes ob humanas legationcs 
 inucniunt qui varias linguas perdificant : Et Themijlocles Athenicnfcs vno anno fie didicit fcrmoncm Afiaticum 
 vt abfque interpretc cum regc loqui poffet : An idem non Jludcbimus in tarn fublimi no^ocio i Infer barbaras 
 ct ignotas nationes Apostoli inuencrunt viclum ct amielum : et Deus pollieitus ejl nihil defuturum qua:rcnti- 
 bus regnum Dei. Nee miracula quulcm defutura funt fi res poflulct, modo ad fit fyncera fides cum feraphica 
 charitatc, iH^c. 
 
 Furthermore Damianus a Goes, \vr}tetli in his booke De deploratione Lappianm gentis, that he was the 
 fyrfl that moued Erafnius to fpeake fumwhat hereof: And that he (Krafmus I meanc) was determined to 
 write a iufl vohune of this matter yf lie had not byn prcucnted by death. .Mbeit (fayth Damianus) in 
 his booke entitelcd EcclefiaRes, he dyd not keepe filence of fo wicked an vngodlynefTe, whichc furely is 
 fuche, that it may in nianer make all Chriftian men (and efpecialiye fuch vnto whom god hath gyuen 
 poure and knowlcage) giltie of fo heyglmous a crime, that he may take vengeance of them in the day of 
 iudgenient before the iuRe iudge Chryfl. Nowe therfore (fayth he) let the Chriflian Monarches take hccde 
 what accoumjjtc they fliall make before the tribunal of Cliryfle at the laflo dayc, when ncyther fiuoure, 
 nor pardon, or flatterie can take place to bee any cxcufe for the lofTe of fo manye foules. And thefe be 
 the very woordes of the woorfliijiful and lerned man Damianus a does, wrytten to the byfflioppe of Rome 
 Paule the thyrde of that name, whom he further chargcth to looke diligently hereunto, as a thynge mode 
 chiefely [lerteynynge to the office of Chriflian prelates. Mee thynke verely that the flieepe of Europe 
 fliulde by this tyme be fo well fedde, that they fluilde by good reafon be fo ftronge and niightie in Chriflcs 
 religion (excepte they be infected with the dyfeafe which the phificians caule Cachexia, beinge an euyl 
 difpofition of the body whereby the more they are fed the worfe they lyke) that many (lieppardes myght 
 well bee fpared to bee fent to c mer flieepc which ought to be of the fame foulde. For this j)urpofe the 
 doctoure of diuinitie when he commenfeth, hath his fcapular call ouer his headde in token that he hathe 
 forfaken the worlde for Chrifles fake ; And his bootes on his legges in token that he fliall cuer bee in a 
 redineffe to go forwanle in jjreachyngc the gof|)cll, as I double not there bee many in Englande wolde 
 gladly doo euen amonge thefe newe gentyles if they were therto mainteyned by the aydc of the fecular 
 poui>e as in this cafe it flialbe requifite for the furniture of neceflaries hereunto apperteynynge, I mufl 
 nowe therfore appele vnto yow, yow riche men and rulers of tlie worlde, to whom goil hath giuen gooddes 
 as thynges neyther good nor badde of them felues, but onely as they are vfed wel or cuil. If yowe vfe 
 them well, they are the gyftes of god wherwith yow may doo many thynges acceptable both to god and men. 
 And if yow vfe them otherwyfe, yowe polTelTe not them, but they poffeffe yow, and theyr canker anil rude 
 (as faythe the Apoflle) flialbe a teflimonie ageinll yow in the day of the great audit. Thiiike not therfore 
 that this thynge perteyneth not vnto yowe, if yowe perteyne vnto Chrille and looke to liaue any parte 
 widi hym. Confyder with yowre felues if it were onely to get worldely ryches, liowe redyc and greedy 
 yowe wolde bee to venture a greate deale to get a thyrde part, withowt caflynge of any perell by lande or 
 by fea, as the wyttie poet Horafe hath in fewe wordes defcrybeil the marchauntes dcfyre and aduenturc 
 
 to obteyiie rycheffe. 
 s8 
 
The Preface to f/ic Rcadcy. 
 
 59 
 
 Prfjlfian, 
 Ilk Chnjlt 
 is Jlm/ioji, 
 C/iriJlianis 
 liari bonis 
 accipcre ijs 
 cipihusfub 
 I ad volitp- 
 
 ahtnt qui 
 nattiin : ct 
 ■iri hcluam 
 'am immite 
 ^ho digniiis 
 s diucmiitis 
 la, openvij 
 faiit omncs, 
 implurimos 
 ttaik-iim ejl 
 qui fyiiare 
 ■s lq:;ationcs 
 : Afiaticuin 
 r barbaras 
 I quarcnfi- 
 n fcraphica 
 
 ke was the 
 crmincd to 
 mianiis) in 
 pc fiirely is 
 lath gyuen 
 the day of 
 take hcede 
 cr fauoure, 
 tl thefc be 
 ; of Rome 
 ngc mofle 
 of Europe 
 in Chriflos 
 je an ciiyl 
 •lies myght 
 jiirpofc the 
 t ho hathe 
 r bee in a 
 nde wolde 
 the fecular 
 I mua 
 :n gooddes 
 f yowc vfe 
 and men. 
 and rude 
 ot therfore 
 any parte 
 nd greedy 
 lande or 
 aduenture' 
 
 Impii^cr extremos currit menator ad Indos, 
 
 J a- marc paupcricm fugicns, pcr/a.xa, per igftcs. 
 
 The which vcrfcs are thus much to fiiy in effecte. 
 
 The marchaunt in hope greate rycheffe to fynde, 
 liy fyer and by water paffeth to Inde, 
 ]5y the burnte line or Equinoctiall, 
 To flyc from pouertie and hafarde all. 
 
 As the poet hath in thefe verfcs, by the marchaunt declared the defyre that couetous men haue to 
 obteyne flii)pery riches, tlie lykc afluction to obtcyne worldly fame and honour, maye we fee in valiiint 
 and noble capitaynes in the warres where they contende to ])ut them fclucs forwanle to the mode daungerous 
 atluenture as to haue the forewarde of the battayle : a token furely of much nobilitie and manly corage. 
 l?ut oh immortall god ? Is it not to bee lamented that men can be fo valient, (lowte, and in maner defperate in 
 theyr owne priuate nmtters, pertcynyng onely to theyr bodies, and yet fo coulde, negligent, and fearefuU 
 in goddes raufe and tliynges touchynge the health of theyr foules ? If there were neyther deuyll nor lawe 
 to accufe men before god in this cafe, fliall not theyr owne confciences bee a lawe of condemnation agcynfle 
 tlieyni in that they haue not fliewcd that loue to mankynde, which the very lawe of nature moueth brute 
 bcafles to fliewe one to an other in theyr generations? But what hope is there (exccpte god wolde in 
 niancr by myracle conuerte the hartes of fuch men) what hope is there I fay, that they wyll depart with 
 any of theyr gooddes, niuche leffe aduenture theyr bodies, to the furtheraunce of Chrifles religion in thefe 
 regions beinge fo fiirre from them, wheras many fliewe lyttle loue, charilie, or liberalrtie (if not rather crueltie, 
 tyrannie, and oiJprefllon) to theyr poore neighbours and brootherne dwelling euen at home at theyr owne 
 tlbowes. But as this couetoufnefle is to bee reproued, fo is the liberalitie of fuch to be commended as haue 
 byn at greate coafle and charges in fettynge tbrwarde fuche viages : wherein not onely the marchauntes 
 of London, but alfo diuers noble men and gentelmen af.vell of the counfayle as other, which bothe with 
 theyr money and furtheraunce otherwyfe haue furnyfflied and fent furth certeyne fliyi)pcs for the difcouerynge 
 of fuche landes and regions as were heretofore vnknowen, haue herein defcrued immortall fiime, for as 
 much as in fuch attemptes and daungerous vyages, they haue fliewed no fmaule liberalitie vppon vncerteyne 
 hope of gayne : wherein they haue deferued fo much the greater prayfe as theyr intent feemed to bee rather 
 to further honefl enterprifes then for refjiecte of vantage. And here certeynely in the mention of thefe 
 viages I myght feeme vngratefuU if I fliulile omitte to giue dewe commendations to the two chiefe capitaynes 
 of the fame as the woorthy knyght fyr Hugh Wylloby and the excellent pilotte Rycharde Chaunceler who 
 liaue therein aduentured theyr lyues for the commoditie of theyr countrey : Men doubtlefle woorthye for theyr 
 noble attemptes to bee made knightcs of the Ocean or otherwyfe preferred if euer god fende them home 
 ageyne although they fayle of theyr jiurpofe. For as fuche haue obteyned abfolute glory that haue browght 
 great thynges to paffe, fo haue they deferued immortall fame which haue only attempted the fame : forafmuch 
 as fortune (who funitymes fauoureth the vnwortii}efl) is not in the poure of man. Xerfes obteyned glorie 
 in makynge a bridge ouer the fea Hellefpontus ioynynge luirope to Afia, and Darius ouer Bofphorus when 
 he pafied with liis armye towarde the Scythians. No leflTe flime and commendittion (although not lyke 
 glor)) deferued Demetrius, Cefar, Calligula, and Seleucus Nicanor, whiche attempted to cutte in fundre 
 certeyne places auiled Iflhmi, (beinge narrowe portions of lande fo diuidynge twoo feos, that there is no 
 paffage from the one to the other) and yet neuer finiflhed that they tooke in hande, beinge hjndered 
 eyther by deathe, warres, or other chaunces. The auncient Romans and Greekes gaue fuch glorye vnto 
 them that hail eyther well deferued of the common welthe, or otherw\fe attempted fuch great enterprifes 
 as might bee profitable for mankynde, that after theyr death they caufed Images of golile, fyluer, braffe, 
 luery, and marble to bee made to theyr lykenefTe, and the fame to be placed in theyr folenme haules, 
 jialaices, or teniiiles, with certeyne verfes made to the commendation of them whom the Images reprefented. 
 And this no leffe to prouoke and encorage other forwarde natures to th[e]emulation of their vertues, then 
 alfo to gcue them the due honoure of theyr iufl, defertes. And furely if euer fence the begynnynge of the 
 worlde any enteri)r)fe haue deferued greate prayfe as a thynge atchyucd by men of heroicall vertue, 
 doubtlefle there was neuer any more woorthy commendation and admiration then is that whiche owre 
 nation haue attempted by the north feas to difeouer the mightie and riche eni[)ire of Cathay, by which 
 vyage not only golde, fyluer, precious Hones, and fpices, may be browght hcther by a fafer and fliorter 
 way, but alfo much greater matters may hereof enfewe in tyme if it fliall pleafe (iod to gyue vnto Chrillian 
 men fuch pafiajje into thofe region.s, whereby fuch familiarilie may furtiier grows betwene the Chrillian princes 
 
 The dasyre of 
 wurdely fume. 
 
 Men :lre slnthnill 
 ill gaddus cause. 
 
 Vyages frnm 
 EiiglanUu. 
 
 Syr Hugh 
 Wyllohy and 
 Rycharde 
 Chaunceler. 
 
 Glory and fame. 
 
 The rcwarde of 
 liublc cnteriiriseL 
 
 The vyape to 
 Cathay by ihe 
 north sea:*. 
 
tiujiiui ii* m w 
 
 60 
 
 The Preface to the Reader. 
 
 \ 
 
 Societte betwene 
 the Tartars and 
 the Christians 
 The Turke. 
 The Sophie. 
 Tambulnnes 
 Baiasetcs. 
 
 ;.; t' 
 
 F % 
 
 iiit 
 
 > I. 
 ill. 
 
 I. 
 
 .1 
 - 
 
 
 of Europe and the greate emi)crourc of Cathay, that (as wryteth Haytho De fodetate Chrifliatwrum et 
 Tartaroruin) there can notliynge be imagined more effectiiatl for the confufion of tlie Turke if the great 
 Cham of Cathay and the Sophie of Perfia on the one fyde, and the Chriftian Princes on the other fyde, 
 fluilde with one confent inuade his dominions, as dyd Tamburlanes Th[e]emperoure of the Tartars who abowte 
 the yeare of Chrifte. M. CCC. Ixxxxviii. toke prifoner Baiafetes Ottomanus Th[e]emperoure of the Turkes and 
 flewe. XX. thoufande of his men in one battayle befyde many other great victories, as yowe may further 
 reade in this booke in the hyllorie of Paulus louius. And to haue fayde thus muche in maner of a preface it 
 may fuflice. 
 
6i 
 
 [The Third English book on America. 
 
 Which is also 
 
 The First English Collection of Voyages, Traffics, & Discoveries. 
 
 Cite Secatrrs ot tlie nriuc toortlre or iot&t Knlrtjr, ttc 
 
 SECTION I. 
 
 Pietro Martire. 
 
 The First Decade, . Of f/?e Ocean. 
 
 First printed in 151 1. 
 
 The Second Decade, . Of the supposed Continent. 
 
 The Third Decade, . [^be discovery of the Pacific by 
 
 Vasco Nunez de Balboa, on the 
 2^th September 15 13. 11 he 
 voyages of Pedro Arias, and 
 Sebastian Cabot ^ 
 
 The Second and Third Decades were first printed in 1516. 
 
 Of the new found islands (i.e. Yucatan and Mexico.) 
 
 First printed in 1 521.] 
 
i 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 m 
 
 It 
 
 
The epistle of Pete, Martyr. 
 
 63 
 
 m.m.m.m.m.^m,akm,m.»^^m.^».».^».».m.m.a\ 
 
 rii liii tjfiiXirm 1 111 ii-CT 
 
 [This eloquent De<Iication first appeared in the Second and enlarged Eilition of the Dtttuiis, the printing of which was finished at 
 Alcala on 9th Novemlwr 1516. Nearly the whole of the following First Dicas (//. 65-105) liad, however, been previously 
 printed in 151 1, and was for the most part vritttn even earlier than that year.] 
 
 C To THE MOSTE NOBLE PrINCE AND CaTHOLIKE KYNGE, ChARLES, 
 
 Peter Martyr of Angleria wyshetii 
 perpetuall felicitie. 
 
 le diuine prouidence, frome the tyme that he fyrfle 
 created the worlde, hathe refenied vnto this day the 
 knowleage of the great and large Ocean fea : In the 
 which tyme he hath opened the fame, chiefely vnto 
 yowe (mofte mightie Prince) by the good fortune 
 and happie fucceffe of yowr grandfather by yowr 
 mothers fyde. The fame prouidence (I knowe not 
 by what deftenie) hath brought me owt of my natiue 
 countrey of Milane, and owt oi the citie of Rome 
 (where I continued almoft. x. yeares) into Spaine, 
 that I myght particularlye collecte, thefe marueylous 
 and newe thynges, which flioulde otherwjfe pcr- 
 happes haue Hne drowned in the whirlepoole of 
 obliuion : forasmuch as the Spanyardes (men 
 woorthy [of] greate commendation) had onely care to the generall inuentions of thefe 
 thynges. Notwithftandinge, I doo not chalenge vnto me only, the thankes of the trauaile 
 bcflowed herein, wheras the chiefe rewarde therof is due to Afcanius vicounte Cardinal, 
 who perceauynge that I was wyllyng to departe owt of the citie to be prefent at the warres 
 of Granatum, diffuaded me from my purpofe. But feing that I was fully refolued to 
 departe, exhorted and required me to wrjte vnto hym fuch newes as were famous in Spayne 
 and woorthy to be noted. I tooke therfore my iorney into Spaine chiefely for the dcfyre I 
 had to fee th[e]expedition whiche was prepared ageynft the enemies of the fayth : 
 forafmuche as in Italye, by reafon of the diffention among the Princes, I coulde fynde 
 nothynge wherewith I myght feede my wytte, beinge a younge man defyrous of knowleage 
 and experience of thynges. I was therefore prefente at the warres : from whenfe I writte 
 to Cardinal Afcanius, and by fundry epiftels certifyed hym of fuch thynges as I thought 
 mofte woorthye to be put in memorie. But when I perceaued that his fortune was turned 
 from a natural moother to a fteppedame, I ceafed from wrytynge. Yet after I fawe, that 
 by th[e]ouerthrowe of the enemies of owre faythe, Spayne was pourged of the Moores as 
 of an euyll weede plucked vp by the rootes, Leafte I fhulde beftowe my flippery yeares 
 in vnprofitable Idleneffe I was mynded to returne to Italie. But the fr.guler benignitie 
 of bothe the Cath' lyke Kynge and queene nowe departed, and theyr large promifes 
 towarde me vppon my returne from my legacie of Babilon, deteyned me frome my 
 purpofe. Yet dooth it not repent me that I drewe backe my foote : Afwel for that I 
 fee in no other place of the worlde at this time the lyke woorthy thinges to bee done : 
 As alfo that in mancr throwgh owt all Italy, by reafon of the difcorde of the Chriftian 
 
 The largcnes of 
 the Ocean 
 vnknowen to this 
 day. 
 
 Cardinal Ascanius. 
 
 The warres of 
 (iranatum ageynst 
 the Moored 
 
 The autour was 
 sent aniba-ssiduiir 
 to the Soltane of 
 Alcayr in E^yp^e. 
 
 Italy disquieted 
 with warres. 
 
 I 
 
64 
 
 The epistle of Petey Mnrtyr. 
 
 4 
 
 U\ 
 
 
 M 
 
 The sequelcs of 
 warre. 
 
 Kynj;c Fredcril. 
 
 I.en ihc tcnih. 
 byahoppc uf Rome. 
 
 fruiii tht; Muorcs. 
 
 The kyn[g]ilome of 
 Kiiptcs. 
 
 Note, fmme the 
 !>ej:viinyni; of the 
 Hurlde. 
 
 The tempemtnc«« 
 cif the Kiitiinnrii.il 
 viikimwcn to the 
 owlde wryteri 
 
 Cnntinente or firnio 
 I.uuie as bygge as 
 thre Kuropc:* 
 
 Rychcs are the 
 
 in^itniiiientes of 
 Luiujiiestc?. 
 
 Princes, I pcrccaucd all thyntjcs to riinnc hcadclonfjc into mine, the countreys to be 
 deflroycd and made fattc with human bluddc : The cities facked, virj^incs and niatrones 
 with thcyr gooddes anil poffeffions caried away as captiucs and miferable innoccntes 
 without offence to be flayne vnarmed within theyr owne houfes. Of the which 
 calamities, I dyd not onely heare the lamentable owtcrycs, but iKd alfo feele the fame. 
 For euen the bludde of mine owne kinffolkcs and frendes, was nut free from that crueltie. 
 As I was therfore mufynge with my felfe of thefe thyngcs, the Cardinal of Arragonie, 
 after that he had feene the two fyrfte bookes of my Decades wrytten to Afcanius, 
 required me in the name of kynge Frederikc his vncle, to put foorth the other cy_i,dit 
 epirtell bookes. In the mcane tyme alfo, while I was voyde of all care as touchynsj[e the 
 matters of the Ocean, the Apf)fl;olicall mcffengers of the byflhoppe of Rome Leo the 
 tenth, (by whofe holfome counfayle and autoritie we trulle the calamities of Italy Ihalbe 
 fynjfihetl) rayfeil me as it were frome fleapc, and encora<^ed me to proceadc as I had 
 bc<;unne. To his holyneffe I writte two Decades comprjfed in fliort bokcs after the 
 maner of epiftels, and acKlcd them to the fyrft, which was printed withowt mjnc aduife, 
 as fliall further appcare by the preface folowynije. 
 
 But nowe I returne to yow (mofl; noble Prince) from whom I hauc fumwhat 
 
 dif^reffed. Therfore wheras yowr graundefathcrs by your moothers fyde, haue fubdued 
 
 all Sjiayne vnder yowr dominion except onely one corner of the fame, and haue alfo lefte 
 
 yowe the kyngedome of Naples with the frutefull Ilandes of owr feas, it is fucrlj- a greate 
 
 thynge and woorthy to be noted in owre cronacles. But not offendynge the reuerence due 
 
 to owre prediceffors, what fo euer frome the begynnynge of the worlde hath byn doone 
 
 or wrytten to this day, to my iudgcment fcemeth but little, if wee confyder what newe 
 
 landes and countrcjs, what newe feas, what fundry nations and toungcs, what golde 
 
 mjnes, what treafuries of perles they haue lefte vnto yowre hyghneffe, bef\de other 
 
 reuenues. The whiche, what they are and howe greate, thefe three Decades ihall declare. 
 
 Come therfore mofte noble Prince elected of God, and enioy that hyghe edate of 
 
 thyngcs mi yet vnderllode to men. We offer vnto yowe the Equinoctiall line hetherto 
 
 vnknowen and burnte by the furious hcate of the foonne and vnhabitable after the opinion 
 
 of the owlde wr\ ters a fewe excepted : But nowe founde to bee moll; repleniflhed with 
 
 people, fairc, frutefull, and mollc fortunate, with athowfande Ilandes crowned with golde 
 
 and bcwtifull perles, befyde that greate portion of earth fuppofed to bee parte of the lirme 
 
 lande, excedynge in quantitie three Europcs. Come therfore and embrafe this newe worlde, 
 
 and fuffer vs no longer to confume in defyre of yowr prefencc. From henfe, 
 
 from henfe I faye (moll noble younge Prince) Ihall inllrumentes 
 
 be prepared for yow, whereby al the worlde flialbe 
 
 vnder yowr obeyfaunce. 
 
 And thus I byd yowr maiellie farewell : To whofe tafle if I (lial 
 
 perceaue the fruites of this my tyllage to be delectable, I wjll 
 
 hereafter doo my endeuoure that yowe maye receaue the 
 
 fame more abundauntly. P'rom Madrid. The 
 
 day before the Calendes of October, 
 
 In the )eare of. Chrylle. 
 
 M. D. X V I. 
 
 #JiXC^. 
 
6s 
 
 rcys to be 
 1 niatroncs 
 innocentes 
 the which 
 ; the fame, 
 lat crucltie. 
 Arra;^onic, 
 
 Afcanius, 
 jllicr cyj;ht 
 icliynge tlie 
 ic Leo the 
 Italy ilialbe 
 dc as 1 had 
 :s after the 
 lyiic aduife, 
 
 ic fumwhat 
 lue fubducd 
 lue alfo lefte 
 •rl)- a greate 
 uerence due 
 
 1 byn doone 
 r what newe 
 what goldc 
 fcfyde other 
 hall declare. 
 
 le ertate of 
 ine hetherto 
 
 the opinion 
 
 nifllied with 
 
 with golde 
 
 of the firmc 
 lewe worlde, 
 
 henfe, 
 
 I flial 
 yll 
 
 C THE FIRSTE BOOKE OF THE DECADES 
 
 OF THE OCEAN, WRITTEN BY PETER MARTYR OF 
 
 Angleria, Milenoes, counfiler to the kyng of Spayne and 
 
 Protonotaric Apoflolicall, To Afcanius 
 
 Sp/ionia, vicount Cardinall. etc. 
 
 IE REVERENDE AND thanckefull antiquite was accuftomcd 
 to ellenie tliofe men as goddes, by wliofo induftrie and mag- 
 naniniitie futlie Landes and Regions were difcouered, as were 
 vnknowen to theyr prcdiceflbures. But vnto vs hauynge onely 
 one god whom we honour in triphcitie of perfon, this rcfleth, 
 that albeit we do not woorlhii) that kind of men with diuine 
 honoure, yet do we reuerence them, and woortliely maniell 
 at theyr noble actes and enterprifes. Vnto kynges and princes 
 we gyue due obeyfaunce, by whofe gouernaunce and further- 
 aunce they haue bin ayded, to perfuniie theyr attemptes. We 
 commende bothe, and for theyr iufl defertes worthely extoll 
 them. Wherfore, as concernyng the Ilandes of the weft Ocean, 
 lately difcouered, and of the auctours of the fame, (whiche 
 ^^^ ^^ thynge you defyre by your letters to knowe) I wyll begynne at 
 
 ' W^-^^^^^^^^^^^T^^^^r^ ' ' the fyrft auctoure therof, lefle I be iniurious to any man. Take 
 a 1 1 17 1 A % 1 1 1 1 1 1 rrrmxi rrti it therfore as foloweth. 
 
 ^I ChriJlopJwnis Co/onus (other wife called Columbus) A gen- 
 tilman of Italy, bonie in the citie of Gtiiua, perfwaded Fernando and Elyzabeth, cntholike prynces, that he 
 doubted not to fynde certayne Ilandes of InJiti, nere vnto owTe Occean fea, if they wolde furnyfflie hyni with 
 Ihyppes and other thynges apperteyn)Tige. Atiyniiinge that therby not oncly the Chriftian religion myght be 
 enlarged, but Spayne alfo enriched by the great plentie of golde, pearles, precious ftones, and fpices, whiche 
 might be founde there. At the lengthe three lh)i5pes were appoynted hym at the kinges charges: of the which 
 one was a great caracte with deckes: and the other twoo were light marchaunte fliyppes witliout deckes, whiche 
 the Si)aniardes call Carauilas. Thus he departed from the coflcs of Spaine about the calendes of September, 
 in the yere of Chrill 1 49^. and fet fonvard on his viage, being accompanied with. CC. xx. [two hundred and twenty] 
 Spanyardes. The fortunate Ilamies (as manye thinke them to be, whiche the Spaniardes call Canarhe, found but 
 of late dayes) are ditlaunte from the Ilandes of GaJcs, a thoufande anil twoo huntlreth niyles, accordyng to theyr 
 accompte ; for they foy they are dillant three hundreth lea(iues : wheras fuch as are expert fea men, affyrme that 
 euery leaiiue conteyneth foure myles, after theyr fupputations. Thefe Ilandes were called fortunate, for the tem- 
 perate ayre whiche is in them. For neyther the coldenefle of wynter is lliarpe vnto them, nor the heate of fommer 
 intoUerable. Yet fome men are of opinion, that thofe were in olde tynie called the fortunate Ilandes, whiche 
 the Tortugales call Ca/'O I'trJt: Cchmus tlierfore faylcd fyrlle to the Ilandes of CiVuiriiT, to the intente there 
 to refreihe his fliyppes with frellie water and fuell, before he committed him felfe to thys fo laborious a vyage. 
 And bycaufe I haue here made mention of the Ilandes of CiVhiriie: It fhall not be muche from my purpofe to 
 declare howe of vnknowen they became knowen, and of faluage and wilde, better manured. For by the longe 
 courfe of manye yeres, they were tbrgotten, and remayned as vnknowen. 
 
 Thefe feuen Ilandes (therfore) called the Gnuipia, were founde by chaunce by a frenche man, called 
 Bchvuhor, by the permiffion of queene Katharine, protectrixe of kyng lohn her fon, while he was yet in his 
 nonage, about the yere of Chrille. M.CCCC.V. This Bdarichor inuaded twoo of thefe Ilandes called Lance- 
 lotus and Fortifuaittira, whiche he inhabited and brought to better culture. He beinge deade, his fon and 
 heire folde bothe the fayde Ilandes to ccrta\Tie Spaniardes. 
 
 After this, Fcntandus reraria and his wyfe, inuaded Fcrrcii and Gomcra. The other three were fubdued 
 in our tyme. Gnv.canaria, by fttrus de VerOy citezen of the noble citie of Xaicium, and Michaell of Afoxica. 
 
 ElIEN. I 65 
 
 The rcwirtl r ? 
 vcrlue 
 
 The Ilandes ni 
 the weste Occ.in 
 
 Chrislophoius 
 Culonus. 
 
 [ndi.!. 
 
 The fyrst \ i.ige 
 [onus. 
 
 ■J'l.e fyr 
 of Cufoi 
 
 The Ilande*. of 
 
 Canarie. 
 
 Cades or 
 
 Cals inals. 
 
 A Icaque, what it 
 
 conteyneth by sex 
 
 The fortunate 
 
 Ilandes. 
 
 Cabouenle. 
 
 Thcseuen Il.indes 
 of Canaric. 
 Rctanchor A 
 frenche man 
 •subdued the 
 ilandes of Caii.irie 
 Lancelotns. 
 Fortisuentuvn. 
 Ferrea. 
 Gomera. 
 Grancanaria 
 
66 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 i 
 
 mi 
 If 
 
 
 Palnix 
 
 Teneriffn. 
 Alphuiuus I.tiga. 
 
 Colnrni-' riiL'ti rebel 
 against hyiii 
 
 K.iirc w.inlcs and 
 promises. 
 
 Hispaniula. 
 luhaiinn. 
 
 NiRlitiiit^ales 
 synnc ill 
 Noucmbcr. 
 
 The TI.uuIc c.f 
 Ophir, 
 
 The ilanilcs of 
 Antilia. 
 
 A sliypwrack 
 
 The people of 
 the il.intle. 
 Naked people. 
 
 Kxpcit swimmers. 
 Cl.tld for crtli and 
 gU.sc. 
 Many kiiigcs 
 
 Kelyf^us and 
 huniaine people. 
 
 Canoos. 
 
 Monorj'Ia. C 
 
 They Iiaue no 
 Ircn. 
 
 Canibales or 
 Carilics 
 Anlhrf)p.'>pliagi. 
 
 The crue'lic of 
 the CanibaltiS. 
 
 Palma and Tcmri/cn, by Alplionfus Lii^o, at the kyngcs charges. Gomcra and Fcina were eafcly fubdued ; But the 
 matter wente harde with Alplionfus I.ii^o. For that naked and wylde nation, fyghtingc oncly with floncs and clubbes, 
 drone his arniie to fliglite at the fyrlle alTaulte, and llewe about fourc hundrcth of his men. Hut at the length he 
 ouercame them. Antl thus all the Ilandes of Canariie were added to the dominion of Spayne. From thefe 
 Ilandcs Coloniis directynge his viage towarde the wefte, folowinge the fallinge of the fonne, but declining fomirhat 
 towarde the left hande, fayled on fonvarde. xxxiii. dayes continually, hauynge onely the fruition of the heauen 
 and the water. Then the Spanyardes whiche were accompanied with hym, beganne fyrfte to murmure fecretely 
 among them felues; and fliortly after with wordes of reproche fpake euyll of Coloniis theyr gouernoure, and con- 
 fultod with them felues, eythcr to rydde hym out of the waye, orelles to call hym into the fea : Ragyng that they 
 were deceyued of a flraunger, an outlandiflie man, a I.igurian, a Genues, and brought into fuche daungerous places, 
 that they myght neuer returne ageyne. And after, xxx. days were parte, they furioufely cryed out againlle him, and 
 threatned him that he fluilde pafie no further. But he euer with icntyll wordes and large promyfes, appeafed 
 the)r furic, and prolonged day after day, fome tyme defyring them to beare with hym yet a whylc, and fome 
 time i)utting them in remembrance that if they fliulde attempte any thingc agaynfl him, or other wife difolicy 
 hym, it wolde be reputed for treafon. Thus after a fewe dayes, with cherefuU hartcs they efpied the lande longe 
 looked for. In this lyrrt, nauigation, he difcouered. vi. Ilandes, wherof twoo were exceding great : Of whiche, 
 the one he called llij'paniola, and the other Johanna. But at that tyme he knewe not perfectely that Johanna 
 (other wyfe called Cuba,) was an Ilandc. As they coafled alonge by the fliore of certayne of thcfe Ilandes, they 
 harde nyglitingales fynge in the thycke woodes in the month of Nouember. They found alfo great riucrs 
 of freflie water, and naturall hauens, of cai)acitie to harborowe greate nauies of fliippes. Saylinge by the coaftes 
 of Johanna, from the northe poynte to the weft, he rode lyttell lefle then eyght hundreth miles (for they call it a 
 hundreth and foure fcorc leaques) fup])ofyng that it had byn the continent or fyrme land, bicaufe he coulde 
 nolher fynd the landes ende, nor any token of the endc, as farre as he coukle iudgc with his eye : wherforc 
 he determined to returne backc agayne, 1> yng therto partly enforced by the roughnelTe of the fea. For the fea 
 banckes of the Ilande of Johanna, by fondrye wyndinges and turnynges, bende them felues fo muche towarde 
 the Northe, that the northnortheafte wynde roughely toffed the fhyppes by reafon of the wynter. Tumynge 
 therfore the ftemmes of his lliyiipes towarde the Eafte, he affyrmed that he had founde the Ilande of Ophir, 
 whyther Salomons fli)])pes fayled for golde. But the defcription of the Cofmographers well confidered, it 
 feemeth that bothe thefe, and the other Ilandes adioynyng, are the Ilandes oi Antilia. This Ilande he called 
 Jlifpaniola : on whofe northe fyde as he approched nere to the lande, the keele or bottome of the biggefte 
 velTell ranne vjjon a blynde rocke couered with water, and clone in funder. But the playnenefle of the 
 rockc was a helpe to them that they were not drowned. Makynge hafte therfore with the other two fliips 
 to helpe them, tliey brought awaye al the men without hurte. Here comming fyrft a land, they fawe certayne 
 men of the Ilande ; who perceauynge an vnknowen nation comminge towarde them, flocked together and ranne 
 al into the thycke wooddes, as it hadde byn hares courced with grehoundes. 0>vre men purfuing them, tooke 
 onely one woman, whom they brought to the fliyppes : where fyllinge her with meate and >vyne, and 
 api)arelinge her, thev let her de[)arte to her company. Shortly after a greate multitude of them came runnynge 
 to the fliore to behoKle this newe nation, whom they thought to haue difcended from heauen. They caft them 
 felues by heapes into the fea, and came fwimminge to the fliyppes, bryngyng golde with them, which they 
 chaunged with owre men for erthen pottes, drinking glafles, poyntes, pynnes, hawkes belles, lokinge glaffes, 
 and fuche other trifles. Thus growing to further familiaritie, o\vre men were honorably enterteyned of the 
 kynge of that parte of the Ilande, whofe name was Guaccanarilliis : for it hath many kyngcs, as when 
 luieas arriued in Italy, he founde JAttiuin diuided into many kyngedomes and prouinces, as iMtiiim, Mczeutium, 
 Jurnuin, and Tanhontcm, which were feperated with narow boundes, as fliall more largely appere hereafter. 
 At the euen tyde about the faulyng of the fonne, when owre men went to praier, and kneled on their 
 knees after the maner of the Chriftians, they dyd the lyke alfo. And after what maner fo euer they fawe them 
 praye to the croffe, they folowed them in all poyntes as well as they coulde. They fliewed much humanitie 
 towardes owre men ; and helped them with theyr lighters or finall boates (whiche they call Canons) to vnlade 
 theyr broken fliyppe : And that with fuche celeritie and cherefulnefi'e, that no frende for frende, or kynfeman for 
 kynfeman, in fuche cafe moued with pitie, coulde do more. Theyr boates are made only of one tree, 
 made Iiolow with a certain fliarpe fl.one (for they haue no yron.) And are very longe and narowe. Many afiimie 
 that they haue fene fome of them with fortie ores. The wylde and myfcheuous people called Canibaks or 
 Caribcs, whiche were accuftomed to eate mannes flefflie (and called of the olde writers. Anthropophagi) molcft them 
 excedyngly, inuadynge theyr countrey, takynge them captiue, kyllyng and eatyng them. As owre men fayled 
 to the Ilandes of thefe meke and humayne people, they lefte the Ilandes of the Canibaks, in maner in 
 the middeft of theyr viage towarde the fouth. They complayned that theyr Ilandes were no lefle vexed with 
 the incurfions of thefe manhuntyng Canibaks when they go forth a rouynge to feeke theyr praye : then are 
 
The fyrji Decade. 
 
 67 
 
 lied : But the 
 and clubbes, 
 ;he length he 
 From thcfe 
 ning fomirhat 
 f the heauen 
 uire fecrctely 
 ure, and con- 
 yng that they 
 ;erous places, 
 nfte him, and 
 fes, appeafcd 
 ^Ic, and fome 
 r wife difoliey 
 e lande longe 
 : Of whichc, 
 that lohivwa 
 llandes, they 
 J great riuers 
 by the coaflcs 
 : they call it a 
 life he collide 
 :ye : whcrfore 
 For the fca 
 luche towarde 
 :r. Tumynge 
 nde of Ophir, 
 confidercd, it 
 inde he called 
 if the biggcfte 
 heneflfe of the 
 her two iliips 
 fawe certayne 
 her and ranne 
 g them, tooke 
 d wyne, and 
 ame runnynge 
 hey cad them 
 11, which they 
 ikinge glafles, 
 teyned of the 
 gcs, as when 
 w, Mfzeiitium, 
 lere hereafter, 
 eled on their 
 icy fawe them 
 iich humanitie 
 las) to vnlade 
 kynfeman for 
 of one tree, 
 Many aflirme 
 Canibaks or 
 /) moled them 
 ; men fayled 
 in maner in 
 (Te vexed with 
 aye : then are 
 
 other tame beaftes, of Lyons and Tigers. Such chyldren as they take, they geld to make them fiit as we 
 doo cocke chikyns and youngc hoggcs, and eatc them when they are wel fedde: of fuche as they eate, they fyrd 
 eate the intralles and extreme partes, as handes, feete, amies, nei ke, and hcade. 'I'iie other mode tleflliy partes, 
 they pouder for dore, as we do pedellcs of porke and gammondes of bakon. Yet do they abdeyne from 
 eatynge of women and rounte it vyle. Therfore fuche yoiinge women as they take, they keci)e for increace, as 
 we doo hennes to leye egges. The olde women, they make theyr drudges. They of the llandes (which 
 we may nowe caul owres) bothe the men and the women when they i)erceauc the Canibaks coming, liaue none 
 other fliyfte but onely to (lie : for althoughe they vfe very lliarpe arruwes made of reeiies, yet are they of fmail 
 force to reprelTe the furie of the Canibahs: for euen they them felues confeffe, that tenne of the Canibals 
 are able to ouercome a hundreth of them if they encountre with them. Theyr meate is a certeyne roote which 
 they cdi\ A/^es: muche lyke a nauew roote in fourme and greatnelVe; but of fweete tade, niuche lyke a 
 greene chednutte. They haue alfo an other kynde of rootes, whiihe they call Jiiaa, wherof they make 
 breade in lyke maner. Tliey vfe Ai^is more often roded or fodden, then to make breade therof. But 
 they neuer eate Iiicca, excepte it be firde diced and preffed, (for it is ful of lycoure) and then baked or 
 fodden. But this is to be marueled at, that the iuyce of this roote is a poyfon as drong as Aconitum, fo 
 that if it be dronke it caufeth prefent death, and yet the breade made of the made therof, is of good tade 
 and holfome, as all they haue i)roued. They make alfo an other kynde of breade of a certayne pulfe, called 
 Paniciim, muche lyke vnto wheate, wherof is great plentie in the diikedome of Mylane, Spayne, ami Granatum. 
 But that of this countrey is longer by a fpanne, fomewhat fliarpe towarde the ende, and as bygge as a manncs 
 arme in the brawne; The graynes wherof are fette in a maruelous onler, and are in fourme fomwhat 
 lyke a peafe. While they be foure and vnripe, they are wliite; but when they are ripe they be very blacke. 
 Wiien they are broken, they be wliyter then fnowc. 'I'his kynde of grayne, they call Mniziiim. Golde is 
 of fome edimation among them: for fome of them hange certain fmail pieces tlierof at theyr eares and 
 nofethrillcs. A lyttell beyonde this place, our men wente a lande for frefflie water, where they cliaunced vpon 
 a Ryuer whofe fande was myxed with muche golde. They founde there no kindes of foure foted beades exceji'e 
 three kyndes of lyttell conyes. Thefe llandes alfo nourilhe ferpentes: but fuch as are without hurt. Lykewile 
 wylde geefe, turtle doues, and duckes, much greater then ours, and as whyte as fwannes, with heades of purple 
 coloure. Alfo Popiniaies, of the wliiche fome are greene, fome yelowe, and fome lyke them of India, 
 with yelowe rynges about theyr neckes, as Plinie defcribeth them. Of thefe they broughte fortie with 
 them, of mode liuely and delectable coloures, hauyng tlieyr felhers entermengled with greene, yelowe, 
 and purple, whiche varietie, deliteth the fenfe not a litle. Thus muche thought I good to fpeake of Popingiaies, 
 (ryghte noble Prynce) fpecially to this intente, that albeit the opinion of Chridophorus Colonus (who affimieth 
 thefe llandes to be l)arte of India) dothe not in all poyntes agree with the iudgement of auncient wryters 
 as touchynge the bignefle of the Sphere and compalTe of the Globe as concernynge the nauigable portion 
 of the fault beynge vnder vs, yet the Popingiaies and many other thynges brought from thence, doo 
 declare that thefe llandes fauoure fomwhat oi India, eyther beynge ncre vnto it, or elles of the fame nature: 
 forafmuche as Aridotle alfo, about the ende of his booke De Calo d Miindo, and likewife Semra, with diuerfe 
 other autheurs not ignorant in Cofmography, do affinne that India is no longe tracte by fea, didante 
 from Spayne by the wede Ocean, for the foyle of thefe llandes, bryngeth forthe Madix, Aloes, and fundrye 
 other fweete gummes and fpyces as doth India. Cotton alfo of the goffampine tree, as in India in the 
 countrey of the people called Seres. 
 
 <[ The languages of all the nations of thefe llandes, maye well be written with our Latine letters. For 
 they cal heauen Turei. A houfe. Boa. Golde, Cauni. A gooil man, Taino. Nothing, Mayani. All other 
 wordes of theyr language, they pronounce as playnely as we doo the Latine tongue. In thefe llandes they 
 founde no trees knowen vnto them, but pyne app[l]e trees, and date trees : And thofe of maruelous heyght and 
 exceding harde, by reafon of the greate moydnefle and fatneffe of the grounde, with continuall and temperate 
 heate of the fonne, whiche endureth fo all the hole yere. They playnely affyrme the Ilande of Hifpaniola to 
 be the mod fruiteful lande that the heauen compadeth aboute, as fliall more largely appere hereafter in the 
 particular defcription of the fame, whiche we intende to fette foorthe when we diall be better indructed. 
 
 Thus makynge a leage of frenddiyppe with the kynge, and leauynge with hym. xxxviii. men to fearche the 
 Ilande, he departed to Spayne takynge with hym. x. of the inhabitauntes to lerne the Spaniflie tongue, to the 
 intent to vfe them aftenvarde for interpretours. Colonus therfore at his returne, was honorably receaued of the 
 kyng and queene : who caufed him to fytte in the>T prefence, whiche is a token of great loue and honoure 
 amonge the Spaniardes. He was alfo made Admirall of the Ocean: and his brother goue[r]noure of the Hand. 
 
 Towarde the fecond viage, he ^vas furnilhed with. x[v]ii. fliippes : wherof three were great caractes of a 
 thoufand tunne: xii. were of that forte, whiche the Spaniardes call Caraue/as: without deckes: and twoo other 
 of the fame forte fomewhat bygger, and more apte to beare deckes, by reafon of the gretneffe of theyr mades. 
 
 Age* 
 
 KootL-s in the 
 
 stccilc I'f meate. 
 
 Iticcu 
 
 llreadc of routes. 
 
 An hcrlw of .1 
 str.tui)t;u nature 
 
 Maiziuiii. 
 
 CMe in 
 
 estimation. 
 
 Ool.tu in the 
 sanilcs of r>ner\ 
 Scrpentcs without 
 veiinne. 
 Turtle tloiies 
 Ducked 
 rupingia)ch 
 Plinl 
 
 These Handed are 
 partt- of I ndi,!. 
 The Indians are 
 Antipodes to the 
 sp;iniardes. 
 
 Aristotle. 
 Sencra. 
 India not fir 
 from Spaine 
 4 
 
 M;i^ti.v. 
 Aloe. 
 
 Gossiiiiipync 
 
 cotiun ur LKjmba5(i 
 
 Seres. 
 
 The tanpii.^gc of 
 
 these Imii.ins 
 
 Trees and frutes 
 viiknowen lo vs. 
 Fat and iimystc 
 grounde. 
 Heate continuall 
 and temperate. 
 I'he fruitfiilncs of 
 hUpaniola 
 
 til 
 
 Thcsecondc viagp 
 i ofColoiiut> 
 
-wv 
 
 68 
 
 llie fyvjl Dccaik. 
 
 :f. 
 
 1:1 
 
 i- ' 
 
 i 
 
 Como and ledc^ 
 
 lo hUWC. 
 
 Tonics and 
 artillery. 
 
 Water dr.ippyng 
 from a true 
 cunliimally. 
 
 Mcthymna Campl 
 Castvlla Vctua. 
 
 OidM 
 
 Th= Hand of 
 Kcrrc.i. 
 
 Il;u<ds..rilic 
 CaniUdvs. 
 
 'I'he Iland of 
 
 Duiniiiica. 
 
 viii hundreth and 
 
 XX. Icaqtics ill. xxi. 
 
 dayes. 
 
 Lysertes, 
 
 The Ilande of 
 Gatanta. 
 
 The Hand of 
 Guadaliipci. 
 
 Vilage*! of XX or. 
 XXX. liouscs 
 The building of 
 theyr houses. 
 
 He had alfo a thoufand and two hundreth arnu'd footcmcn well apjioyntcd; Amongc whitlic were many 
 artificers, a.s fniythcs, carpenters, niyners, and fuchc other; Cert.iyne liorfenicn alfo, wel armed ; Likewife 
 marcs, n)ie[)e, heyghfers, and fuch other of bothe kindes for incrafc. I.ykcwife all kyndc of pulfe or graynt 
 and come, as whcate, barlyc, rye, bcanes and i)eafe, and fuche other, as well for food as to fowe: liefyde 
 vynes, plantes and feedes, of fuche trees, fruites, and herbes, as thofe countreyes lucke. And (not to be for 
 gotten) fundry kindes of artillery and iron tooles, as bowcs, arrowes, croflebowes, bylles, hargabufes, bnxU 
 fwoordes, large targettes, pikes, mattockes, llioouelles, hammers, nayles, fawe.s, a.\es, and fuche other. 'J'luis 
 beynge furnillied accordyngely, they fet forwarde from the Ilandes of GiiJi's, (nowe called Ca/s,) the. vii. day 
 before the ailendes of October, in the yere of Chrillc. 1493. and arriued at the Ilandes of duiiirii; a\. the 
 calendcs of October. Of thefe Ilandes, the lalle is called Jrnrn, in whiche there is no other water that inaye 
 be drunke, but onely that is gathered of the dewe whiche continually iliRilleth from one onely tree growynge 
 on the highefl backe of the Jlande, and falleth into a roimdc trenche made with mannes hande. We were 
 infourmed of thefe thyngcs within fewe dayes after his tleparture. What flial fuccede, we wyl ccrtific yowe 
 hereafter. Thus fare yc well, from the courte, at the Ides of Nouember. 140V 
 
 |[ The seconde booke of the fyrste Decade 
 to Afcanius Phorcia, vicountc Cardinal/, etc. 
 
 I Owe repcte (ryghte honorable Prynce) that yowe arc defirous to knowc what newcs we hauc in 
 Spayne from the newe workle: and that thofe thynges haue greatly del) ted you which I wrote 
 vnto yowrc highneffe of the fyrfle nauigation. \u\\c flial now therefore receaue what hath fuc- 
 cedcd. Mdhymiia Campi, is a famous towne in high Spayne in the refpccte frome yowe, and is 
 in that parte of Spayne whiche is called Cajldla Wins: beynge diflante from Gadcs about, xl. 
 myles. Here the courte remayned, when aboute the. ix. of the kalendes of Ajirell in this yere 
 of nynetie and foure, there were pofles fente to the k)iige and qucene, certilyinge them that 
 there were. xii. fliippes come from the newe Ilandes and arryued at Gadcs. But the gouernourc of the fliyppcs 
 fente worde to the kynge and quene that he had none other matter to ccrtifie them of by the pofles, but onely 
 that the Admiral with fine fliippes and. iiii. fcore and tenne men remayned flyll in Hifpanwla, to fearche the fecrctes 
 of the Ilande. And that as touching other matters, he hym felfe wokle fliortl)- make relation in theyr prefence, by 
 worde of mouthe. Therfore the daye before the nones of Aprel, he came to the courte him felfe. \\\vsX I learned 
 of him and other faythefuU and credible men whiche came with hym from the Admirall, I wyl reherfe vnto yowe 
 in fuch order as they declared the fame to me when I demaunded them. Take it therfore as foloweth. The 
 thyrde daye of the Ides of October, departynge from Firrea, the lafte of the Ilandes of Canarice, and from the 
 colics of Spayne with a nauie of. xvii. fliippes, they fayled. xxi. d.ayes before they came to any Ilande; inclyning 
 of purpofc more towarde the lefte hand then at the fyrfl viage, folowyng the northnorthead wynde ; and arriued 
 fyrfl at the Ilandes of the Canibaks, or Caribes of which, onely the fame was knowen to our men. Amonge 
 thefe, they chaunfed fyrfle vpoii one, fo befet with trees, that they coulde not fe fo niuche as an elle fpace 
 of bare earthe or flony grounde. This they called Dominica, bicaufe they found it on the funday. They taried 
 here no tyme, bycaufe they fawe it to be deferte. In the fpace of thefe. xxi. dayes, they thynke that they fayled 
 viii. hundreth and. xx. leaques, the Northenortheall \vynde was fo full with them, and fo freffliely folowed the 
 flerne of theyr fhypj-es. After rhey hadde fayled a ) ttell further, they efpied dyuerfe Ilandes replenyffhed 
 with fundrye kyndes of trees, frc i the whiche came fragrant (iiuours of fpyces and fweete gummes. Here they 
 fawe neyther man nor beafle, e\ ;pt certayne lifartes of huge bignefle, as they reported whiche went alande to 
 
 they cauled Galana, or Galtuita. From the cape or poynt of this Iland, 
 ey fayled thyther. Aboute. xxx. myles from this mountayne, they fawe a 
 be a token of fome great and large fludde. This is the fyrfle lande whiche 
 •ndes of Caiiariie, and is an Ilande of the Canibaks, as they lerned by the 
 .h *hem from Ilifpaniola into Spayne at thejT fyrfle viage. Serchynge the 
 'illagei of XX. houfes or. xxx. at the nioofle, fette rounde abowte in order, 
 niakynge the flreete in coompa'.j lyke a markette place. And forafniuch as I haue made mention of theyr 
 houfes, it flial not be greately from my purpofe to defcribe in what maner they are buylded. They are made 
 rounde lyke belles or rounde pauylions. Theyr frame is rayfed of excedynge hyghe trees, fette clofe together 
 and fafl rampaired in the grounde, fo ftandyng a Hope and bending inward that the toppes of the trees ioync 
 
 vie we the countrey. This Ik' 
 efpying a mountayne a farre of 
 ryuer difcending whiche feemed 
 they founde inhabited from the 
 interpretours whiche they tooke 
 Ilande, they founde innumerable 
 
The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 69 
 
 ti'gcthcr and be.ire one agaynflo an other, liaiiyn.1,'0 alfo within the houfc, certaync llronge and Ihorte jjrops or 
 poflcs whichc uirteync the trees fniin fillynge. 'I'liey rouer tlieni with the leaiies of ilite trees and other trees 
 llront;ly comiiaet and iiardened, wherewith tiiey make them rlofe from wyiide and wetiier. At the (l\ort pofles 
 or i)rop])es witliin the houfe, they tie ropes of the cotton of goff.impine trees, or other ropes m.nle of e>.. yne 
 long and toiigiu. rotes much lyke vnto the llirubhe called Spartum, wherofin ol le t\nie they \ fed to make 
 bondes for vynes and cahiils and ropes for fliyppes. Thefe they tye oiierthwartc the hoiife iVoni pofle to polle. 
 On thefe they ley as it were certayne mattrelVes made of the cotton of the gorr.ini])ine trees, whiche };rowe 
 plentifully in thefe Ilandes. This cotton tlie Spaniardes call .//ci'./'//. and the Italians y/(';//A/////r. And thus 
 they lleepe in hangynge bcddes. At the enteraunce of one of thcyr houfes, they fawe two Images of woodde 
 lyke vnto ferpcntcs, whiche they thoughte had byn fu'hidoles as they honour. l!ut they lerneil afterwanle that 
 they were fette there onely for coomlyneffe. For they knowe none other god then the Sunne and Moone, 
 althonghe they make certaine Images of goffainiiine cotton to the fimilitude of fiK h iihantafies as they fay 
 appere to them in the nyghte. Our men ft)und in theyr houfes, all kyndes of erthen veffels, not nnuhe vnlyke 
 vnto cures. They fcjunde alf<j in theyr kichens, mannes llefllie, du( kes flefllie, and goofe tlefllie, al in one pot; 
 and other on the fpittes rcdye to be layde to the fue. laitrynge into theyr inner lodgynges, they fonnde 
 faggottes of the bones of mennes amies and legges, which they referue to make hcades for theyr arrowes, 
 liycaufe they lacke iron. The other bones they cafle awaye when they haue eaten the Ikflhe. They founde 
 likcwifc the heade of a yonge man faftcned to a pofle and yet bledinge. They haue in fome villages, one great 
 haule or pallaice, aboute tJ • whiche thcyr common houfes are ])laced. To this they refort, as often as they 
 come together to playe. Wi.cn they perceaued the conimynge of our men, they fledde, in theyr houfes they 
 founde alfo about. .\xx. chyldren and women captiues which were referued to be eaten, but our men tooke them 
 awaye to vfe them for interpretoures. Searchyng more diligently th[e]ynner partes of the Ilan<le, they founde. 
 vii. other ryuers, bygger then this whiche we fi)ake of before, runnyng throughe the Ilande, with fruitefuU and 
 pleafante banckes, delectable to beholde. This Ilande, they called Giiadaltipca, for the fimilitude that it hath 
 to the mounte Guadalupus in Spayne, where the Image of the virgin M.VRIE is religioully honored. I'ut the 
 inhabitauntes caul it Canicucria, or Qturaquifia. It is the chiefe habitation of the Caiiibahs. They brought 
 from this Hand. vii. Poping.iyes, bygger then jihefantes, niuchc differynge from other in coloure: hauynge theyr 
 backes, brefles, and bealies of purple coloure, and theyr wynges of other variable coloures. In al thefe Ilandes 
 is no leflfe plentie of ])opingiayes then with vs of fparrowcs or flarlinges. .\s we brynge vp capons and hennes 
 to francke or make them fatte, fo do they thefe bigger kyndes of popyngaies for the fame i)urpofe. After that 
 they hadde thus fearehed the Ilande and dryuen thefe dviibah's to tlyghte, (whiche ranne awaye at theyr fyrfl 
 approche as fone as they had efpied them) they cauled theyr company together. .\nd as foonc as they had 
 broken the Canibals boates or lyghters (whiche they call Canoas) they lowfeil theyr ankers the daye before the 
 Ides of Nouember, and de[)arted from Gmuhtlupca. Coloniis the admirall, for the defyre he hadde to fe his 
 companions, whiche at his fyrR vyage he lefte the ycre before in Ififpaniola to fearchc die countrey, lette paffe 
 many Ilandes bothe on his righte hande and lefte handc, and fayled directly thyther. \\\ the waye, there 
 appeared from the Xorthe. A great Ilande which the captiues th.it were taken in Hifpaniola, cauled Madaniiw, 
 or Matiiiiiio: Affirniynge it to be inhabited only with women : To whom the C(:////'(?/a haue acceffe at certen 
 tynies of the yeare, as in owlde tynie the T/iiaddiis had to the Amazones in the Ilande of T.tfbos. The men 
 children, they fende to theyr fathers. ISut the women theye kepe with them felues. They haue greate and 
 flronge caues or dennes in the ground, to the which they llye for fiifegarde if any men reforte vnto them at any 
 other tyme then is appo)Tited. And there defende them felues with bowes and arrowes, agenfl the violence of 
 fuche as attenipte to enuade them. They coulde not at this tynic approche to this Ilande, by reafon of the 
 Northenortheafl wynde which blewe foo vehemently from the fame, wheras they nowe folowed the F.aRefouth- 
 eafle. After they departed fronie Afifianiint, and fayled by the fjiace of. .\1. myles, the)- jialTed not farre fronie 
 an other Ilande which the captyues fliyde to liee verye peopulous, and replenyflied with all thynges neccflarie 
 for the life of man. This they cauled j\fiws Sernitiis, bycaufe it was fid of niountaynes. The captyues 
 further declared that the Ctiiiil>aks, are vontc at fome tyme to goo fronie theyr owne coafles aboiie a 
 thoufande niyle to hunte for men. The daye folowynge, they fawe an other Ilande the whiche, bycaufe it was 
 rowndf, they cauled Saiida Maria Rotunda. The nexte daye, theje founde an other, which they cauled S. 
 Martini. Which they Icttc iiafle alfo bycaufe they had no leafure to tarye. Lykewyfe the thirde daye they 
 efpyed an other, w hofe Diametral fyde extendynge fronie the F.afle to the wefle, they iudged to bee a hundreth 
 and fyftie niyle. Theye affirme all thefe Ilandes to be maruelous fayre and frutefull. This lafle, they cauled 
 Sancta Maria Atitiqiia. Saylyng yet forwarde, and leauynge many other Ilandes, after they had fayled aboute fortie 
 niyle, they chaunccd vpon an other niuche bygger then any of the refle, which th[e]inhabitan[t]s caulc Ay Ay, but 
 they named it Iiifula cntcis. Heare they caR anker to fetche frefflie water. The Admiral alfo conimaunded. 
 XXX. men to go a lande out of his owne fliyp, and to fearch the Ilande Here they founde fowTe dogges on the 
 
 I 2 69 
 
 (I'rts.iinl'illc 
 couun. 
 
 Il'ttiili.i^r. 
 
 ImAKcu. 
 
 Kjrne cunVcry 
 
 Arrnwc hcds nf 
 buncs. 
 
 Tlic mniliit 
 Ou.iJ.tUipuv 
 
 Carucucrui. 
 
 I'opytiK.iycs 
 bvKUci- then 
 ptlubuuiUcs 
 
 Tim C»i11m1c» 
 dryuen W llyght. 
 
 M.itininn .in 
 ILuiiiG gf women. 
 
 Tlie lUniles of 
 Mun.s Stir.itus. 
 
 Huiitingc for men 
 
 •S.iiict.i Maria 
 Kutund.i. 
 Sanclus M.irtinus. 
 
 S:inct.i Mari.a 
 Anti(iu.T 
 
 Insnl.i frui'i^ 
 An Il.mdu of tlie 
 C^inib.ils. 
 
 \\ 
 
m 
 
 70 
 
 Thefyrjl Decade. 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 The Canibales are 
 expert archers. 
 ArroM'cs infected 
 with vcneme. 
 
 AconHlct with the 
 Canibales. „ 
 
 7 
 
 The fiercencs 
 and terrible 
 countenauncc of 
 the Canibales. 
 
 Methyriina Camiii 
 
 Innumerable 
 ilandes. 
 
 The mynes of 
 Metales and 
 precious atones. 
 
 The sea caulcd 
 Archipelagus. 
 Insul.a. S. 
 lohanncs or 
 lUichena 
 
 Death for dcathe 
 
 The niountayncs 
 are cnulder then 
 the pl.iynes 
 
 From Dominica 
 to Hispaniola fyu^ 
 hundrcth leailues 
 
 The .Spanyardes 
 lefte in the Hand 
 are slayne. 
 Kynge 
 
 Guaccanartllus 
 rcbcUcth. 
 
 Two images of 
 goulde. 
 
 Libertie and 
 idlencs. 
 
 A happy kind of 
 lyfe. 
 
 (liore. The inhabitants are Canibales, and maruelous experte in fhutinge, as well women as men: And vfe to 
 infecte theyr arrowes with poyfon : when they had taryed there two dayes, they fawe a farre of, a Canoa, in the 
 whiche were eight men and as manye women hauynge with them bowes and a.rowes. They fearfly aflayled 
 owre men withoute all feare, and hurte fum of them with theyr venemous arrowes. Amonge thefe there was a 
 certen woman to whome the other gaue reuerence and obeyde as though flie were theyr queene. Her fonne 
 wayted vppon her, beinge a younge man, (Irongly made, of terrible and frownynge countenauncc and a lyons 
 face. Owre men leafte they fl-.olde take the more hurte by beinge wounded a farre of, thowght it befle to ioyne 
 with them. Therfore with all fpede fcttinge forewarde with their ores the brigantine in whiche they were fette 
 alande, they ouerturned their Canoa with a great violence, which beinge ouerwhelmed, they notwithflondinge, 
 as well the women as the men fwymminge, cade theyr dartes at owre men, thicke and threefowlde. At the 
 lengthe, gathcrynge them felues together vpon a rocke coucred with the water, they fowght manfully vntyll they 
 were ouercome and taken, one being flayne, and the queenes fonne fore wounded. When they were browght 
 into the Admirals fliippe, they dyd no more put of their fiernes and cruell countenances, then do the Lyons of 
 Libia when theye perceaue them felues to be bownde in chaynes. Tiiere is no man able to behowlde them, 
 but he (liall feele his bowelles grate with a certen horroure, nature hath endewed them with foo terrible 
 nicnacynge, and cruell afpecte. Tliis coniecture I make of my felfe and other which often tymes wente with me 
 to fee them at Md/iymna Campi. But nowe to returne to the viage. Proceadinge thus further and further, 
 more then fiue hundrethe niyles, firfte towardes the Weftefouthewefte, then towarde the SouthNveft, and at the 
 lengthe towarde the Wefle northe wefle, they entered into a mayne large fea hauinge in it innumerable 
 Ilandes, maruelouflye diffcringe one frome an other, for fum of them were verye frutefuU and full of herbes and 
 trees. Other fum, very drye, barren, and rowgh with high rockye mountaynes of ftone, wherof fum were 
 of bright blewe or afurine coloure, and other glyfleringe white : wherfore they fuppofed them by good reafon to 
 bee the mynes of metalles and precious (lones. But the rowghnes of the fea, and multitude of Ilandes 
 (landinge fo thicke togyther, hindered them foo, that they cowlde cafle no anker leafte the bigger veffelles 
 fluilde runne vppon the rockcs. Therefore tliey deferred the fearchinge of thefe Ilandes vntyl an other tyme 
 They were fo manye and floode fo thicke, that they coulde not number them. Yet the fmauler veffelles which 
 drewe no groate depthe, entered emonge them and numbered fortie and fyxe Ilandes. But the bigger veffelles, 
 kepte aloof; in the mayne fea for feare of the rockes. They caule the fea where this multitude of Ilandes are 
 fituate, Archipcliigus. Frome this tracte proceadinge forrewarde, in the mydde waye there lyeth an Hand which 
 th[e]inhabitantes caule Burichena, or Buchcna. But they named it lufula S. lohannis. Dyuers of theym 
 w home we had delyuered frome the Canibales, faydc that they were borne in this Ilande : affimiinge it to be 
 very peopulous and frutefuU, hauinge alfo manye fayio wooddes and hauens. There is deadly hatred and 
 continual battayle betwene them and the Canibales. They haue no boates to paffe from their owne coaftes to 
 the Canibales. But if it bee their chaunce to ouercome them, when they make incurfion into theyr countreye 
 to feke their praye (as it fumtyme happeneth, the fortune of warre beinge vncerteyne) they feme them 
 with like faufe, requitinge deathe for death r-. For one of theym niangeleth an other in pieces, and rofte them 
 and eate them eucn before their eyes. They taryed not in this Ilande. Yet in the wefte angle therof, a fewe 
 of them went a lande for frefflie water, and fownd a greate and high howfe after the niancr of their buylding, 
 hauii.^e. xii. other of their vulgare cotagcs placed abowte the fame: but were all lefte defolate, whether it were 
 that they rcforted to the mountaynes by refon of the heate which was that tyme of the yeare, and to returne to 
 the i)layne when the ayre waxeth cowlder, or els for feare of tlie Canibales which make incurfion into the Ilande 
 at certen feafons. In all this Ilande is only one kinge. The fouth fyde hereof extendeth abowte two hundrethe 
 niyk's. Shortlye after, they came to the Ilande oi Hi/paniola, beinge diftante frome the firP.e Ilande of the 
 Canibales, fyue hundrethe leatiues. Here they fownde all thynges out of order, and theyr felowes flayne which 
 they lefte here at their fyrfle vyage. In the beginninge of Hifpaniola, (hauinge in it many regions and 
 kyngedomes as we haue fayde) is the region of Xamana wliofe kinge is named Guaccanarillus. This 
 Guaccanarillus ioyned frendefliippe with owre men at the fyrfte viage, and made a league with them: But 
 in the abfence of the Admiral), he rebelled, and was the caufe of owre mens deftruction, althowgh he diffimuled 
 the fame, and pretended frendfliip at the Admirales returne. As owre men fayled on yet a litle further, they 
 efpied a longe Canoa with many ores, in which was the brother of Guaeeanarillus with only one man wavtinge on 
 hyni. He browght with hym two Images of goulde, which he gaue the Admirall in tlie name of his Lrother. 
 And towlde a tale in his language as concerninge the deathe of owre men, as they proued afterwarde, but at 
 this tyme liad no regarde to his communication for lacke of interpretours, which were eyther all deade, or 
 efcaped or floulne awaye when they drewe nere the Ilandes. But of the. x. [ten.] vii. [seuen] dyed by change of 
 ayre and dyet. The inhabitantes of thefe Ilandes haue byn euer foo vfed to liue at libertie, in playe and paftyme, 
 that they can hardely away witii the yoke of feruitude which they attempte to (hake of by all meanes they maye. 
 And furely if they had receaued owre religion, I wolde thinkc their life mofte happye of all men, if they might 
 
 M 
 
 I 
 
The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 71 
 
 :n : And vfe to 
 
 I Canoa, in the 
 fearfly affayled 
 
 efe there was a 
 le. Her fonne 
 ice and a lyons 
 t befte to ioyne 
 they were fette 
 itwithftondinge, 
 bwlde. At the 
 "ully vntyll they 
 y were browght 
 lo the Lyons of 
 jehowlde them, 
 ith foo terrible 
 i wente with me 
 ler and further, 
 tveft, and at the 
 it innumerable 
 
 II of herbes and 
 herof fum were 
 
 good reafon to 
 ude of Ilandes 
 bigger veffelles 
 ■1 an other tyme 
 r veffelles which 
 bigger veffelles, 
 ; of Ilandes are 
 an Hand which 
 lyuers of theym 
 miinge it to be 
 •dly hatred and 
 owne coafl.es to 
 theyr countreye 
 ley feme them 
 and rode them 
 le therof, a fewe 
 thi'ir buylding, 
 whether it were 
 lid to returne to 
 into the Ilande 
 two hundrcthe 
 Ilande of the 
 es flayne which 
 ny regions and 
 viarilltis. This 
 with them: But 
 h he diffnnuled 
 tie further, they 
 lan waytinge on 
 of his Lrother. 
 erwarde, but at 
 L-r all deade, or 
 d by change of 
 ,'e and paftyme, 
 mes they maye. 
 n, if they might 
 
 therwith enioye their aunciente libertie. A fewe thinges contente them, hauinge no delite in fuche fuperfluites, 
 for the which in othi.r places men take infinite paynes and commit manie vnlawfuU actes, and yet are neuer 
 fatiffied, wheras many haue to muche, and none inowgh. But emonge thefe fimple fowles, a fewe clothes ferue 
 the naked: weightes and meafures are not needefuU to fuch as can not (kyll of crafte and deceyte and haue not 
 the vfe of pefliferous monye, the fecde of innumerable myfcheues. So that if we fliall not be afliamed to 
 confeffe the truthe, they feeme to lyue in that goulden worlde of the whiche owlde wryters fpeake fo much: 
 wherin men lyued fimplye and innocentlye without inforcement of lawes, without quarrellinge ludges and 
 libellcs, contente onely to fatiffie nature, without further vexation for knowelege of thinges to come. Yet thcfe 
 naked people alfo are tormented with ambition for the defyre they haue to enlarge their dominions : by reafon 
 wherof they kepe warre and deflroy one an other : from the which plage I fuppofe the golden world was not 
 free. For euen then alfo. Cede, non ccdam, that is, gyue place, and I wyll not giue place, had entred emonge 
 men. But nowe to returne to the matter from which we haue digreffed. The admiral defyrous to knowe 
 further of the death of his men, font for Giiaccanarillus to come to him to his (liip, diffunulinge that he knew 
 any thinge of the matter. After that he came aboord f lyp, falutinf; the Admiral and his company gyuing alfo 
 certen golde to the Capetaynes and offycers, turned him to the women captiues which not longe before our 
 men had deliuered from the Canibaks. And ernefl-ly beholding one of them whome owre men cauled Catharyne, he 
 fpake gentelly vnto her. And thus when he had feene and marueyled at the horfes and fuche other thinges as 
 were i;i the fliyppe, vnknowen to them, and had with a good grace and merelye afked leaue of the Admirall, he 
 departed. Yet fum there were which counfeyled the Admirall to kepe hym flyll : that if they might by any 
 meanes proue that he was confentinge to the deathe of owre men, he might bee puniflied accordinj^lie. But 
 the Admirall confidering that it was yet no tyme to incenfe th[e]inhabitantes myndes to wrathe, dyfmyffed 
 hym. Tiie next daye folowing, the kinges brother refortyng to the fliyppes, eyther in his owne name or in his 
 brotliers, fer'.dced the women. For on the next nyght about mydnight, this Katherinc afwell to recouer her 
 owne libertie as alfo her felowes, being fuborned therto eyther by the kinge or his brothers promifes attempted 
 a much more difficulte and daungerous aduenture then dyd Clod'ui of Rome, which beinge in hoftage with other 
 niaydes to the kynge Porcena, dcceaued her kepers, and rode ouer the ryuer 2'iber, with the other virgins 
 which were pledges with her. For wheras they fwamme ouer the r)'uer on horfebacke. This Katharyne with 
 feuen other women, truftynge onlye to the flrengthe of theyr owne amies, fwamme aboue three longe myles : 
 and that alfo, at fuche tynie as the fea was fumwhat rowghe. For euen foo fa. re of frome the fhore, lay the 
 fliippes at rode, as nigh as they could coniecture But owre men folowinge them with the fliippeboate; , by the fame 
 light feene on the fliore wherby the women were ledde, tooke three of them : fuppofinge that K itharyne with 
 the other foure, went to Giiaccanarillus. For in the fpringe o*" the morninge, certen nicflengers beinge fente to 
 hym by the Admirall, had intelligence tliat he was fledde with all his fiimilie and fl.uffe, and the women p'fo, 
 which thinge minin.red further fufpection that he was confentinge to the death of owre men. Wherfort ne 
 Admirall fente forthe an armye of three hundrethe men, ouer the which he appoynted one Melchior to be 
 capitayne, wylling him to make diligent fearche to fynde owte Giiaccanarillus. Melchior therfore with the 
 fniaulefle veffels enteringe into the countreye by the ryuers and fcouringe the fliores, chaunced into certen 
 croked goulfes defended with, v lyttle and fliepe hilles, fuppofinge that it had byn the mouth of fum greate 
 ryuer. He founde here alfo a verye commodious and fafe hauen, and therefore named it Partus Regalis. 
 They faye that tlie enteraunce of this is fo crooked and bendinge, that after the fliippes are once within the 
 fame, whether they turne them to the lefte hand, or to the ryght, they can not perceaue where they came in 
 vntyll they returne to the mouth of the ryuer : Although it be there fo brode that three of the byggefte veffels 
 may fayle together on a froonL. The fliarpe and high hilles on the one fyde and on the other, fo brake the 
 wynde, that ;l,cy were vncerten howe to rule theyr fayles. In the myddle gulfe of the ryuer, there is a 
 promon'iorie or point of the lande with a pleafaunte groue full of Popingayes and other byrdes which breede 
 therein and finge verye fweetlye. They percoaued alfo that two ryuers of no fmaule largenes fell into the hauen. 
 V.'iiyle they thus fearched thi^ lande betwene bothe, Melchior efpied a high houfe a farre of, where fuppofinge 
 that Giiaccanarillus had lyne hyd, he made towarde it. And as he was goynge, there niette hym a man with a 
 frownynge countenaunce and a grynime looke, with a hundreth men folowynge hym, armed with bowes and 
 arrowes, and long and fliarpe (laues like iauelynnes, made harde at the endes with fyre. Who approchyng 
 towardes owre r len, fpake cwte alowde with a terryble voyce, fayenge that they were Taini, (that is) noble men, 
 and not Canibaks. But wlien owre men had gyuen them fignes of peace, they lefte bothe theyr weapons and 
 fiercenes. Thus geuynge eclie of them certen haukes belles, they tooke it for fo greate a rewarde, inat they 
 defyred to enter bondes of nere frendefliyppe with vs, and feared not immediatly to fubmitte them felues vnder 
 owre power, and reforted to our fliyps with theyr prefentes. They that meafured the houfe (beinge made in 
 rounde forme) fownde it to Le from fyde to fyde. xxxii. greate paces, compafed abowte with. xxx. other vulgare 
 houfes, hauinge in them many beanies croffe ouer, and couered with reedes of fundry colours, wrethcd and as it 
 
 Superfluite. 
 
 Afany h.iue to 
 much and none 
 inough. 
 
 Tlie goulden 
 world.. 
 
 Naked men 
 truuliled with 
 anibiciun. 
 
 Gyue place. 
 
 The Admiral 
 scndeth for the 
 kynge. 
 
 No horses in 
 the Ilandes 
 
 A tyine fnr all 
 thynge^. 
 
 A desperale 
 aduenture of a 
 woman. 
 
 Cloclia of Rome. 
 
 Guaccanarillus 
 is suught. 
 Melchior. 
 
 Piipingiiyes and 
 byrdes. 
 
 Taint. 
 
 Haukes belles. 
 .\ large hous 
 
72 
 
 The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 
 h 
 
 Mm 
 
 )" 
 
 Reedes of 
 sundry colours. 
 
 Cacci[c]us. 
 
 Holcdus and 
 (iorualanus. 
 
 Ooldc in ryucrs 
 f;uiiinge from 
 niuuntayncs. 
 
 Tho inaner of 
 gathering golde. 
 (Iraynes of goKle. 
 
 A masse of nide 
 gold.' wcigliiiigc. 
 
 Caiinaboa, kynge 
 of the house of 
 gold 
 
 Holsome water 
 and plentic of 
 fysshe. 
 
 'I'hedayandnyght 
 of equal length 
 in Ucceuibcr. 
 Byrdes breed in 
 December 
 The elcnation 
 of the pole 
 The starres are 
 cnulcd gardens 
 of the pole. JQ 
 
 The Equinoctial 
 lyne. 
 
 A Lhapcl and 
 preesles. 
 
 Marchaunts 
 Sirophenicians. 
 The Cynamonie 
 tree. 
 
 Xiloaloes or 
 lignum Aloe^. 
 
 were weaued with maruelous art When owTe men atked fum of tliem where they myght fynde Guaccanarillus. 
 
 They aunfwered tliat that Region was none of his. But theyr kynges beynge there prefente. Yet they fayde 
 
 they fujjpofed that Guaccanarillus was gone from the playne to the mountaynes. Makynge therfore a brotherly 
 
 league with this Caccicus, (that is to faye a kyngc) they retoumed to the Admyrall to make relation what they 
 
 hadde feene and harde : whcr\'ppon he fent forth dyiiers otiier Centurians with tlieir hundrethes to fearche the 
 
 countrey yet further. Emonge the which wore Hoicdus and Gorualanus, noble )ounge gentlemen and of great 
 
 courage. And as they went towarde the mountiiines to fecke Guaicanarillus, dyuiilinge the mountaynes betwene 
 
 them, one of them fowndc on the one fyde therof foure r}uers faulynge frome the fame mountaynes : and the 
 
 other foundc. iii. on tjie other f)de. In the ilindes of all thefe r)'ucrs is fownd great plentye of goulde, which 
 
 th[e]inli:ibitantcs of the fame Ilande which were with vs, gatiiered in this maner. Making holes in the fande 
 
 with theyr handcs, a Cubettc dcapc, and takynge \p fande with their lefte handes from the botome of the fame, 
 
 they picked out graynes of goulde witli their ryght handes withowte any more arte or cunnynge. And fo 
 
 deliuered it to owre men : who affirme tliat many of them thus gath'^red, were as bygge as tares or fytchis. 
 
 And I my fclfe fawe a maffe of rude goulde, (that is to fay, fuch as was neucr molten) I_,ke vnto fuche flones as 
 
 are founde in the bottomes of ryuers, weighinge nyne ownces, which Hoieda him felfe fownde. Beinge contented 
 
 with thefe fignes, they returned to the Admirall to certifie him liereof For the Admirall had commaunded 
 
 vnder payne of ininyniement that they fliuld meddle no further then their commifllon : which was only to 
 
 fearche the places witn their fignes. For the fame went that there was a certayne kynge of the mountaynes 
 
 from whenfe thofe ryuers had their faule, whom they caule Cacicus Cauiiaboa that is, the lord of the houfc of 
 
 golde. For they caule a houfe Boa, goulde, Cauni: and a kynge or Lorde, Cacicus, as we haue fayde before. 
 
 They affirme that there can noo where be found better fyfflie, nor of more pleafant tad, or more holfome then in 
 
 thefe ryuers : alfo tlie waters of the fame to be mofl holfom to drynke. Mclchior hym felfe towld me, that in the 
 
 monelh of December, the days and nyghtes bee of equal length among the Cauibalcs. But the fi)here or circles 
 
 of the heauen, agrecth not thervnto. Albeit that in the fame moneth, fume byrdes make their nefles, and fume 
 
 haue alredy hatched their cgges by reafon of the heate beinge rather continuall then extreme. He towkle me 
 
 alfo when I (juellioned with hym as concemynge the eljuation of the pole from the horizontal lyne, that 
 
 al the flerrcs cauled Plajlrum or diaries wayne, are hydde vnder the Northe pole to the Canibales. And 
 
 furely there returned none from thenfe at this viage, to whome there is more credit to be gyuen, then 
 
 to this man. But if he had byn flvilfuU in Afironomye, he fliulde haue fayde that the day was almofte 
 
 ecjuall with the night. For in no place towarde the flay of the fonne (cauled Soljliciuni) can the night 
 
 l)e equall with the day. And as for tliem, they neuer came vnder the Eijuiiwctiall, for afmuch as they 
 
 had euer the northe pole the}r guyde, and euer eleuate in fight aboue the Horizontal. Thus haue I 
 
 briefely written vnto yowre honoure, as muche as I thought fufficiente at this tyme. And fhall fliortly hereafter 
 
 (by Gods fauoure) wryte vnto you more largely of fuche matters as flialbe dayly better knowen. For the 
 
 admirall hym felfe (whome I vfe famylyerly as my verje frende) hathe promyfed me by his letters, that he wyl 
 
 gyue me knowlege of al fuch thynges as fliall chaunce. He hath nowe chofen a (Ironge place where he may 
 
 buyld a Citie nere vnto a comodious hauen. And hath alredy buylded many houfes and a chapell in the 
 
 whiche (as in a newe worlde heretofore voyde of all religion) god is dayly ferued with. xiii. preefles accordinge 
 
 to the maner of owre cluirches. When the tyme nowe approched when he promyfed to fende to the kynge and 
 
 (]ueene, and haujnge profperous wynde for that purpofe, fent backe the. xii. Carauelles wherof we made mencion 
 
 before it was no fmaul hynderance and greefe, vnto hym: Efpecially confyder)nge the death of his men whom 
 
 he lefte in the Ilande at the fyrfl. vyage, wherby we are yet ignorant of many places and other fecretes wherof 
 
 we might otherwyfe haue had further knowleage. But as t)ine fliall reueale them ageyne, fo wyll I aduertyfe 
 
 yowe of the fiime. And that you may the better kno.ve by conference haa with the Apothecaries and marchaunt 
 
 flrangers Strophe, licians, what thefe Regions beare, and howe hotte theyr ground is, I haue fent you all kyndes 
 
 of graynes, with the barke and inner partes of that tree whic'ie they fuppofe to bee the Cinamome tree. And 
 
 yf it be your pleafure to tafle eyther of the graynes, or of the imaule feeiles the which you flioulde perceaue to 
 
 haue ftiwlen from thefe grajncs, or of the wodde it felfe, touch tliem firfl.e foftely mouinge them to your lyppes. 
 
 For although they bee not hurtefuU, yet for theyr excefle of heate, they are fliarpe and byte the tongue, yf they 
 
 remayne any whyie tlieron. But if the tongue be blyftered by taflynge of them, the fame is taken away by 
 
 drynkynge of water. Of the come alfo wherof they make theyr breade, tliis br) nger fliall delyuer fume graynes 
 
 to your Lordefliyppe botlie wliyte and blacke : And therwith alfo, a Trunke of the tree of Aloes The which if 
 
 you cutte in peeces, you fliall feele a fwecte fauoure to jjroceade from the fame. Thus fare you hartely 
 
 wel. From the courte of Methimna Campi, The thyrde day before the Calendes of May. Anno. Domini, 
 
 M.CCCC.XCllII. 
 
 I(^ 
 
 r« 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 73 
 
 tl The thyrde boke of the fyrst Decade, 
 to Lodouike Cardinall of Aragonye and Neiiie to the kynge. 
 
 iOwe defyre that folyflie Phaeton fliulde ageine rule the Chariotes of the Sunne: And contende 
 to drawe fweete lycoures out of the harde flynte, wheras you requyre me to dyfTcribe vnto 
 you the newe worlde, fownde in the wefle by the good fortune and gouernaunce of the 
 CathoUke Princes Ferdinandiis and Hehfabeth, your Vncle and Aunte : fhewyng me alfo 
 the letters of kynge Fredcrikc your vncle, wrytten to me in the fame behalfe. But fythe 
 you haue layde this burden on my backe, in whofe power it is to commaunde me to take 
 vjjpon me more then I am wel able. Ye bothe flial receaue this precious flone, rudely 
 clofed in leade after my maner of workemanfliyppe. Wherfore when you fliall perceaue the lerned forte frend- 
 elye: The malicious, enuioully: And the backebyters, furioufly, to bende theyr fclaunderous dartes ageynft 
 owTe fajTe Nimphes of the Ocean, you fliall freely protefte in howe fliort tyme, and in the myddefle of what 
 troubles and calamities, you haue enforced me to wryte of the fame. Thus fare you well frome Granata the 
 ninthe day before the Calendes of May. 
 
 ^[ We haue declared in the boke here before, howe the Admirall pafled by the coaftes of the Canihaks to 
 the Ilande of Hifpaiiiola with his whole nauie. But nowe we entende further to fliewe what he fownde as 
 concemynge the nature of this Ilande, after that he had better fearched the feacreates of the fame ; Likewyfe 
 of the Ilande of Cuba nere vnto it which he yet fuppofed to bee the firme lande. Hifpaiiiola therfore 
 (which he affirmeth to bee Ophir, wherof we reade in the thyrde boke of the kynges) is of latitude, fyue fouthe 
 degrees : hauynge the northe pole eleuate on the northe fyde. .xxvii. degrees ; And on the Southe fyc. (as they 
 faye) xxii. degrees. It reacheth in length from the Eafle to the Wefle, feuen hundrethe and foure fcore mylcs. 
 It is diflant from the Ilandes of Gades (cauled Cales) xlix. degrees, and more as fum faye. The fonne of the 
 Ilande, refembleth the leafe of a chefnutte tree. Vppon a high hyll on the North fyde of the Ilande, he 
 buylded a citie, bycaufe this place was mod apte for that purpofe by reafon of a myne of (lones which was 
 nere vnto the fame, feruynge well bothe to buylde with, and alfo to make lyme. At the bottome of this hyll, 
 is there a great playne of three fcore myles in lengthe : and in bredth fumwhere. xii. fumwhere. xx. myles where 
 it is brodefl, and. vi. myles where it is narowefl Through this playne runne dyuers fa}Te ryuers of holfonie 
 waters. But the gi-eateft of them which is nauigable, fauleth into the hauen of the citie for the fpace of halfe a 
 furlonge. Howe fertile and fruitful! this valley is, you flial vnderfl.and by thefe thynges which folowe. On the 
 (hore of this ryuer, they haue lymyted and enclofed certeyne grounde to make gardeynes and orchiardes, in the 
 which al kyndes of bygger herbes, as radyflie, letufe, colewortes, borage, and fuch other, waxe rype within, xvi. 
 dayes after the feede is fowen. Lykewyfe Melones, Gourdes, Cucumers, and fuche other, within the fpace of. 
 xxxvL dayes. Thefe garden herbes, they haue frefflie and greene all the whole yeare. Alfo the rootes of the 
 canes or reedes, of the lycour wherof, fuger is made, growe a cubette high within the fpace of. xv. dayes : but 
 the lycoure is not yet hardened. The lyke they affirme of plantes or flirouddes of younge vines : And that 
 they haue the fecond yeare gathered ripe and fweete grapes of the fame. But by reafon of to muche rankenes, 
 they beare but fewe clufters. Furthermore, a man of the countrey fowed a lyttle wheat about the Calendes of 
 February, and brought with hym to tlie citie a handefuU of the rype eares of the fame the thyrde day before 
 the calendes of Apreil ; which was that yeare the vigile of the Refurrection of owre Lorde. Alfo, al kyndes of 
 pulfe, as beanes, peafon, fytches, tares, and fuche other, are rype twyfe in the yeare, as all they which come 
 from thenfe, affirme with one voyce : Yet that the grounde is not vniuerfally apte to beare wheate. In the 
 meane tyme whyle thefe thynges were doinge, the Admirall fent owte a companye of. xxx. men to fearche the 
 Region of Cipatiga, otherwyfe cauled Cibaiia This Region is full of mountaynes and rockes : And the myddle 
 backe of the hole Ilande in the whiche is greate plentie of goulde. When they that went to fearche the Region, 
 were returned they reported maruelous thynges as touchinge the great ryches of this Region. Frome thefe 
 mountaynes, defcende foure greate ryuers, which by the maruelous induftrye of nature, deuided the hole Ilande 
 into foure partes, in maner equall, ouerfpreadinge and wateringe the hole Ilande with their branches. Of thefe 
 foure ryuers, the one reacheth towarde the Eafle. This the inhabitantes caule Jwiiia : An other, towarde the 
 Wefle, and is cauled Attiliunicus. The thirde towarde the Northe, named lachem : the lafle reacheth into the 
 Southe, and is cauled Naiba. The daye before the Ides of Marche, the Admiral him felfe with al his horfe 
 men and foure hundreth footenien, marched directly towarde the South fyde of the goulden Region. Thus 
 paffinge ouer the ryuer, the plaine and the mountayne which enuironed the other fyde of the playne, he 
 chaiinced vpon an other vale the which a ryuer muche bygger then the fyrfle, and many other meane ryuers 
 
 Tlie faWc of 
 Ph.ict'in. 
 
 Kynge 
 
 KcliliiKindiis ,-\iul 
 queene ^luliz.ibcth 
 
 Nereides. 
 Mc nic.iliuth 
 the llaiulcs. 
 
 Kispnniola. 
 
 n 
 
 Ophir whether 
 Salomons ships 
 saylcJ fur goUle. 
 
 Isabella. 
 
 A pl.iync of 
 ihrcoscnrc niylcs 
 uf k'ligthe. 
 
 A token of 
 nianieloii:: 
 fruit fiihic-s. 
 
 Hurhcs j;rcne :il 
 th<; h.«L- yean:. 
 KiimT rccds 
 pl.intcs and vines. 
 
 Corne and Kraync 
 rype twi>e a ycart 
 
 The Region of 
 Cipanga or 
 Cibaiia. 
 (;uMe. 
 
 Foure grcati; 
 ryuers. 
 
 I'hc goUlcn 
 region of Cibntia 
 
 
 i 
 
■ ^- 
 
 74 
 
 The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 Vnk'S ,inil 
 motuitayncs 
 
 The vale of 
 Cibaiia. 
 
 f 
 
 \k % 
 
 Ir 
 
 
 Oi.Wc f,ii 
 Lcls. 
 
 haiikcs 
 
 12 
 
 
 Cnyncs and 
 ptpplc stones of 
 guide. 
 
 They passe not 
 fur goMc, in that 
 it is K^ldi; oncly 
 but. etc. 
 
 Stones of golde as 
 byg as the licade 
 of u chyldu. 
 
 Spy CCS. 
 
 Wyldc vines of 
 plcasauiite taste. 
 
 Friiiifu! 
 niouiitaynes 
 
 Of.' le in the 
 santles uf ryuers 
 faulingc from the 
 mountayncs. 
 
 Libcrtic and 
 Idclnes. 
 
 'J'hc inountaynes 
 are coulde. 
 
 The Ilande of 
 Cuba. 
 
 Least any i.*h''r 
 prince, iiic 
 
 Discencion 
 bctw'L'cne the 
 Foriiigales and 
 Spatiiardu!^ 
 
 Thellaiulesof 
 Coboucrde ur 
 iiisperidv!! 
 
 13 
 
 Th» Portiig.ilM 
 
 runne throwgh. When he had alfo conueighed his armye ouer the ryuer and pafled the feconde vale whiche 
 was in no part inferiour to the firfle, he made away through the thirde mountayne, where was no paffage before, 
 and defcended into an other vale which was nowe the beginninge of Cibaiia. Through this alfo runne many 
 fluddes, and ryuers, out of euery h) 11, and in the fandes of theym all, is fowndc great plentie of goulde. And 
 when he had nowe entered three fcore and twclue mylcs into the goulden region from the citie he entended 
 to buylde a fortreffe vppon the toppe of a hyll, flanding by the fliore of a certcyne great ryuer, that he might 
 the better and more fafelye fearche the fecrcatcs of the inner partes of the Region. This he cauled the fortreffe 
 of faynte Thomas. The which in the meane tynie whyle he was buyklynge, th[e]inhabitantcs beinge defirous 
 of haukes belles and other of owrc thinges, refortcd dayly thyther. To whom the Admirall declared, that 
 if they wokle brynge goulde, they fliulde haue what fo euer tliey wolde afke. Forthwith turnynge theyr 
 backes and runnynge to the fliore of the next ryuer, they returned in a fliort tyme, brynginge with them 
 their handes full of goulde. Amongefl al other, there came a owld man bringynge with him two pybble (lones 
 of goulde weighinge an vnce, def)r)nge them to gyue him a bell for the lixme who when he fawe oure men 
 maruell at the byggenes therof, he made figncs that they were but fmaule and of no value in refpecte of fume 
 that he had feene. And takyi.ge in his hande foure (lones the leafl wheiof was as bygge as a walnut, and the 
 byggeft as bygge as an orange, he fayde that there was fownde peeces of goulde foo bygge in his countrey, 
 beynge but halfe a dayes iourney from thenfe, and that they had no rcgarde to the gatheringe therof. Wherby 
 we perceaue that they paiTe not muche for goulde in afnuich as it is goulde only, but fo farre efleeme it, as the 
 hande of the artificer hathe fafliioned it in any coomely fourmc. For who doth greatly efleeme rowgh marble 
 or vnwrought luerye. But if they be wrought with the cunninge har.ae oi Phidias or Praxiteles, and (liaped to 
 the fimilitude of the fayre nimjjhes or faycres of the fea (cauled Nciciada) or the fayres of the wods, (cauled 
 Hamadriades) they flial neuer lacke byers. Befyde this owld man, there came alfo dyuers other, br)iiginge with 
 them pypple flones of gold weighing, x. or. .\ii. drammes : And feared not to confclTe, that in the place where they 
 gathered that golde, there were found fumt)me flones of gold as bygge as the heade of a chyld When he had 
 taryed heare a fewe dayes, he fent one Luxauus, a noble younge gentylman with a fewe armed men to fearche 
 all the partes oi this Region. Who at his retume, reported that th[e]inhabitantes fliewed him greater thinges 
 then we ha'ae fpoken of here before. But he dyd openly declare nothynge therof: which they thought was 
 doone by the Admirales commaundement. They haue wooddes full of certeyne fpyces : but not fuche as we 
 commonly vfe. Thefe they gather euen as they do gokle ; that is as much as wyl ferue for theyr purpofe, euery 
 man for hym felfe, to exchange the fame with the inhabitantes of other countreys adioyninge to them, for fuch 
 thinges as they lacke, as dyfflies, pottes, flooles, and fuche other neceffaries. As Liixanus returned to the 
 Admiral, (which was abouf the Ides of Marche) he fownde in the wooddes, certeyne wylde vines, rype and of 
 pleafaunt tafle. But th[e]inhabitantes paffe not on them. This Region though it bee full of flones and rockes 
 ' uid is therfore cauled Cibaiia, whiche is as muche to faye as a ftone) yet it is well replenyflied with trees and 
 paflures. Ye they indantly affirme, that if the graffe of thefe mountaynes bee cutte, it groweth ageyne within 
 the fpace of foure dayes, higher then wheate. And for as nuiche as many fliowers of rayne doo faule in this 
 Region, whereof the rjuers and fluddes haue their increafe, in euery of the which, golde is fownde myxte with 
 fmde in all places, they iudge that the golde is dr}uen from the mountaynes, by the vehement courfe of the 
 ftreames which faule from the fame, and nuine into the ryuers. The people of this Region are g)'uen to 
 Idelnes and playe. For fuche as inhabyte the mountaynes, fyt quakynge for coulJe in the wynter feafon, and 
 had rather foo wander vppe and downe Idelly, then take the peines to make them apparell, wheras they haue 
 wooddes full of goffampine cotton. But fucli as dw el in the vales or plaines feele no coulde in wynter. When 
 the Admirall hail thus fearched ilie beginninge of the region of Cibana, he repayred to Ifabella (for fo he named 
 the citie) where, leauinge the gouemance of the Ilande with his deputies, he prepared hym felfe to fearch further 
 the lymettes of the Ilande of Cid<a or lo/uviiia, which he yet doubted to bee the firme lande, and diflant from 
 Ilifpaniola, onely three fcore and ten niyles. This dyd he with more fijeedy expcdicion, caulyng to remeni- 
 braunce the kinges commaundement, who w}lled hym fyrfl with all celeritie to ouer runne the coaftes of the 
 newe Ilandes, leafle any other prince Ihulde in the meane t)-me attempte to inuade the fame. For the Kynge 
 of Portugale afi'irmed that it perteyned only to hym to difcouer thefe vnknowen landes. But the byfliop of 
 Rome Alexander the. vi. to auoyd the caufe of this difcention, graunted to the Kynge of Spayne by th[e]auc- 
 toritie of his leaden buUes, that no other prince fliulde bee fo boulde as to make any viages to any of thofe 
 vnknowen regions, lyenge witliout the j)re( inct of a directe lyne drawen from the North to the Soulhe a 
 hundreth leaijues we.lwarde without the paralelles of the Ilandes cauled Capud Viride. or Caboiierde, which we 
 thynke to bee thofe that in owlde tyme were cauled Hefperides. Thefe perteyne to the kynge of Portugale. 
 And frome thefe, his pylottes whiche doo yearely fearche newe coafles and regions, directe their courfe to the 
 I'^alle, faylynge euer towarde the lefte liantle by the backe of Aphrike and the feas of the Ethiopians : Neyther 
 to this day had the PoiUigales at any tyme fayled Southwarde, or Weflewarde from the Ilandes of Caboiierde. 
 
 74 
 
The fyrji Decade. 
 
 75 
 
 Preparyng therfore three fliippes, he made hafle towanle the Ilande of lohanna or Cuba whyther he came in 
 Ihorte fpace, and named the poynt therof where he fyrll arryued, Alpha and O: that is, the fyrfte and the lade : 
 for he fuppofed that there had byn th[elend of owre Eafte bycaufe the fonne fauletli tliere : And of tlie wefte, 
 bycaufe it ryfeth there. For it is apparente, that weflwarde, it is the beginninge of India beyonde tlie ryuer of 
 Ganges: And Eaflewarde, the furthefl ende of the lame : which thinge is not contrary to reafon forafmuche as 
 the Cofmographers haue Icfte the lymites of India beyonde Ganges vndetermyned ; where as alfo fume were of 
 opinion that India was not farre from tlie coafles of Spaine as we haue faydc before. ^Vithin the profpecte of 
 the begynnynge of C«^r7, he founde a commodious hauen in the extreme angle of the Ilande oi Ili/panio/a. 
 For in this part, the Hand receaueth a greate goulfe. This hauen, he named faynt Nycolas porte, beinge 
 fcarfely. xx. leaques from Cuba- As he departed from henfe and fayled weflwarde by the fouth fyde of Cuba, 
 the further that he went, fo muche the more the fea feemed to bee extended in breadth and to bende towarde 
 the fouth. On the fouth fyde of Cuba, he fownde an Ilande which th[e]inhabitai tes caule lamaica. This he 
 affinneth to bee longer and broder then the Hand of Sicilie : hauyng in it only one mountayne, which on euery 
 parte begynninge from the fea, ryfeth by little and little into the myddefl of the Ilande : And that foo playnely 
 witliout rowghncs, that fuche as goo vp to the toppe of the fame, can fcarfely perceaue that they afcende. This 
 Ilande he affirmed to bee very fruitfuU and full of people as well in th[e]inner partes of the fame as by the fliore : 
 And that th[e]inhabitantes are of quicker wytte then in the other Ilandcs, and more experte artificers and 
 warrelyke men. For in many places where he woulde haue arryued, they came armed ageynft him and 
 forbodde him with threatening wordcs. But beinge ouercome, they made a league of frendefhip with hym. 
 Thus departynge from Limaica, he fayled towarde the Wede with a profpcrous wynde for the fpace of threefcore 
 and tenne dayes : thinkinge that he had pafled fo farre by the compaffe of the earth being vnderneth vs, that he 
 had byn nere vnto Aurea Cherfonefus (nowe cauled Malaccha,) in owre EaRe India beyonde the beginninge of 
 Perfides. For he playnely beleued that he had lefte onely two of the tweluc howres of the fonne, which were 
 vnknowen to vs, for the owlde wryters haue lefte halfe the courfe of the fonne vntouched, where as they haue but 
 onel_, difcuffed that fuperficiall parte of the earth which lyeth bctwcne the Ilandes of Gades and the ryuer of Ganges : 
 or at the vttemiofte, to Aurca Cherfonefus. In this nauigation, he chaunccd on many furious feas, running with 
 a faule as it had byn the Areames of fluddes : Alfo many wliorlepooles, and flielfcs, with many other daungers, 
 and flreyghtes jy reafon of the multytude of Ilandes, which ley on euery fyde. But not regardinge all thefe perellcs, 
 he determyned to proceade vntyl lie had certaine knowledge whether Cuba were an Ilande or firme lande. Thus 
 he fayled forward coaftinge euer by the fliore towarde the wefte for the fpace of CC. xxii. [two hundred and 
 twenty-two] leaques, that is, abowte a thoufande and three hundreth myles]: And gaue names to feuen hundreth 
 Ilandes by the waye : Leauynge alfo on the lefte liandc (as he feared not to reporte) three thoufande here and 
 there. But let vs nowe returne to fuche thinges as he fownde worthy to be noted in this nauigation. Saylinge 
 therfore by the fyde of Cuba, and fearcliinge the nature of the places, he efpicd not farre from Alpha and O, a 
 large hauen of capacitie to harborowe nianye fliippes : whofe enterauncc is bendinge, beinge inclofed on bothe 
 fydes with capes or poyntes which rcceaue the water. Tiiis hauen is large within, and of exceadinge depthe. 
 Saylinge by the fliore of this porte, he fawe not farre frome the feme, two cotages couered with reedes, and in 
 many places fyer k)ndeled. Here he fente ccrteyne armed men owte of the fliippes to the cotages : where they 
 fownde nother man nor woman, but roftemeate enowgli. For they fownde certeyne fpyttes of woodde lyenge 
 at the fyre, hauinge fyflie on tlieym abowt a hundreth pownde weight, and two fcrpentes of. viii. foote longe a 
 piece, wherat marueylinge, and lokynge abowt if they couKle efpye any of th[e]inliabitantes, and that none 
 appeared in fyght (for they fledde all to the mountaynes at the romminge of o\vre men) they fell to theyr nieate, 
 and eate the fyflie taken with other mens trauayle : But they ablleyned from the ferpcntes, which they aftimie to 
 differ nothinge from Crocodiles of Egypt, but onely in byggenes. For (as Fiinie fayth) Crocodiles haue fumetymes 
 byn fownde of. xviii. cubettes long. But of thefe the byggefl were but of viii. fote. Thus beinge well refrefflied, 
 they entered into the next woodde where they fownde many of the fame kynde of fcrpentes hangynge vppon 
 bowghcs of trees ; of the which, fume had theyr mouthes tyed with ftrynges, and fume theyr teethe taken owte. 
 And as they fearched the ])laces nere vnto the hauen, they fawe abowte. Ixx. men in tlie toppe of a hyghe rocke, 
 whiche fledde as foone as they had efpied owre men. Who by fignes and tokens of peace, caulinge them ageyne, 
 there was one which came nere them and floode on the toppe of a rocke, feemynge as tliowgh he were yet 
 ferefull. But the Admiral fent one Didacus to hym, a man of the fame countrey, whom he had at his fyrfle 
 vyage taken in the Ilande of Guana lutini, beinge nere vnto Cuba : wyllinge hym to come nere and not to bee 
 afrayde. When he harde Didacus fpeke to him in his owne tonge he came bowldly to hym : and fliortly after 
 reforted to his company, perfuadinge them to come without all feare. After this meflage was doone, there 
 defcended frome the rockes to the fliippes, abowt three fcore and ten of th[e]inhabitantes, proferinge frende- 
 fhippe and gentclnes to owre men : whiche the Admirall accepted thankefuUy, and gaue them dyuers rewardes : 
 And that the rather, for that he had intelligence by Didacus th[e]entcrpretoure, that they were the kj-nges 
 
 » 
 
 Alpha and O 
 
 riic ciuic (if the 
 L.astc and wcbL 
 
 Noic. 
 
 Indi.! not f.ir 
 from Spayne. 
 
 Saynt Nycolas 
 pone. 
 
 The Hand of 
 laniaica. 
 
 (Juickc wytled 
 [ iMjopIc. 
 
 The conipasciiigc 
 of the cartli. 
 
 Aiirea 
 
 Chcrsonesus, or 
 Mal.iLcha. 
 A sccrcate of 
 Astronomic. 
 
 The ry\ter of 
 Ganges. 
 
 Danngcrniis 
 strcightcs hy 
 reason <(f many 
 liandcs. 
 
 The Admiral gane 
 names to seucn 
 hundrclhe Ilandes 
 Thrc thonsand 
 Ilandes. 
 
 A large hauen 
 
 KiiNtcd fys>heand 
 scqients t)f. viii. 
 foote Innge. 
 
 14 
 
 Crocncli'cb of 
 Kgyi-te. 
 
 Ili'l.Kjtis 
 th[c]intcri'rctuur. 
 
 
 Thf kyntjel 
 
'" '* ^ g j **^"^* 
 
 SB9 
 
 76 
 
 The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 if 
 
 % 
 
 Scrpentes 
 esteemed for 
 delicate iiieat 
 Ophiophagi. 
 
 Uloswmes and 
 fniiies bothe at 
 one tyme- 
 
 Trees which 
 bcare gourds 
 
 A niultitudc of 
 Ilande,s. 
 
 Huttc water. 
 
 A '•traiinge kynde 
 of fysshyngc. 
 A himtyngc 
 fysshe. 
 
 Abundance uf 
 lortuyscs. 
 
 15 
 
 Fysshcr men. 
 
 The fy^shc 
 Ouatcanum. 
 
 Ililniainc people. 
 
 A mniintaine 
 fruitefull and well 
 inhabited. 
 
 ^'.i.inge 
 
 .vri;!.,ii:i.,. 
 
 fyflhers, fent of thejT lorde to take fyflhe ageynft a folemne feafle which he prepared for an other kynge. And 
 wheras the Admirales men had eaten the fyfflie whiche they lefte at the fyre, they were the gladder therof, 
 bycaufe they had lefte the ferpentes. For there is nothinge amonge the)T delicate dyffhes, that they efteeme fo 
 muche as thefe ferpentes : In foo muche that it is no more lawfuU for the common people to eate of them, then 
 peacockes or pheCintes amonge vs. As for the fyffhes, they doubted not to take as many more the fame nyght 
 Beynge afked why they f\Tfl rofted the fyfllie which they entended to beare to their kynge. They anfweretl, that 
 they might bee the freflTier and vncomii>ted. Thus ioyninge handes for a token of further frendefhip, euery 
 man reforted to his owne. The .\dmirall went fonvarde as he had appoynted, folowing the faulinge of the 
 fonne from the beginninge of Cuba cauled Alpha and C The fhores or fea bankes euen vnto this hauen, albeit 
 they be ful of trees, yet are they rowgh with mount .ms. Of thefe trees, fume were ful of bloflbomes and 
 flowres, and other laden with fruites. Beyonde the hauen the lande is more fertile and peopulous, whofe inhabi- 
 tantes are more gent)-ll and more def)Tous of owtc thinges. For as fone as they had efpied owTe (hippes, they 
 flocked all to the (hore, brj-nginge with them fuche breade as they are accuflomed to eate, and gourdes full of 
 water, offeringe the)™ vnto owTe men, and further defyringe them to coome alande. In all thefe Ilandes is a 
 certeyne k)-nde of trees as bygge as elmes, whiche beare gourdes in the (leade of fruites. Thefe they ^•fe only 
 for drink)-nge pottes, and to fetche water in, but not for meate, for the inner fubflance of them, is fowTer then 
 gaule, and the barke as harde as any fhelle. At the Ides of Maye, the watche men lokinge owte of the toppe 
 caftell of the fhj-p])e towarde the Southe, fawe a multitude of Ilandes flandinge thicke together, be)'nge all well 
 rcpleniflied with trees, grafle, and herbes, and wel inhabyted. In the fliore of the continent, he chaunced into 
 a nauigable r)-uer whofe water was foo hotte, that no man myght endure to abyde his hande therein any tyme. 
 The day folowinge, efpjing a farre off a Canoa of fyfher men of th[e]inhabitantes, fearinge lead they (hulde flye 
 at the fyght of owTe men, he commaunded certeyne to affayle them pryuily with the fh\-ppe boates. But they 
 fearinge nothinge, taryed the comminge of owre men. Nowe fhal you heare a newe kind of fy (hinge. Lyke 
 as we with greyhoundes doo hunte hares, in the playne fieldes. So doo they as it were with a hunt>-ng fyflhe, 
 take other fyfihes. This fyfflie was of fhape or fourme vnknowen vnto vs: but the body therof, not muche 
 vnlyke a greate yele: hauinge on the hynder parte of the heade, a very towgh fkynne, lyke vnto a greate bagge 
 or purfe. This fyflhe is tyed by the fyde of the boate with a corde lette downe foo farre into the water, that the 
 fyflTie maye lye clofe hyd by the keele or bottome of the fame, for (hee may in no cafe abyde the fight of the 
 ayer. Thus when they efpie any greate fyfflie, or tortoyfe (wherof there is greui abundance bygger then great 
 targettes) they let the corde at lengthe. But when (he feeleth her felfe loofed, (hee enuadeth the fj-flhe or 
 tortoyfe as f\nt '.y as an arrowe. And where (lie hath once fadened her howld (hee cafteth the purfe of (kynne 
 wherof we fpake before: And by drawyng the fame togyther, fo grafpeleth her pray, that no mans (Irength is 
 fufticient to vnloofe the fame, e.xcepte by lyttle and 1)^116 drawinge the lyne, (hee bee lyfted funiwhat aboue the 
 brymnie of the water. For then, as fone as fhe feeth the brightnes of the ayer, (hee lettethe goo her howlde. 
 The praye therfore, beinge nowe drawen nere to the br}-mnie of the water, there leapeth foodenly owte of the 
 boate into the fea foo manye fyffliers, as maye fulTice to holde fade the praye, vntyll the refte of the coompany 
 haue taken it into the boate. Which thinge doone, they loofe fo muche of the cord, that the hunting fyfllie, 
 may age}'ne retume to her jilace within the water: where by an other corde, they let downe to her a piece of 
 the praye, as we ^'fe to rewarde greyhoundes after they haue kylled theyr game. This fyflhe, they caule 
 Guaicaniim, But owtc men caule it Reuerfum. They gaue owre men foure tortoyfes taken by this meanes : 
 And thofe of fuch byggenes that they almoRe fylled theyr fyflliinge boate. For thefe fyffhes are efleemed 
 amonge them for delicate meate. Owre men recompenfed them ageyne with other rewardes, and foo lette them 
 departe. Beinge afked of the coompaffe of that lande, they aunfwered that it had no ende weflewarde. Mod 
 inilantly defjiinge the Admirall to coome alande: or in his name to fende one with them to falute their 
 Cazuus, (that is) their kinge: .Vftirmynge that he wolde gyue owre men many prefentes, yf they wolde goo to 
 h\Tn. But the Admiral, leafte he fliulde bee h}-ndered of the vyage which he had begunne, refufed to goo with 
 them. Then they def)Ted to knowe his name, and towld owre men lykewyfe the name of the)T k}Tig. Thus 
 fayling on yet further euer toward the Well, within fewe dayes he came nere %Tiito a certeyne exceding high 
 mountajTie, wel inhab)-ted by reafon of the great fertilitie of the fame. Th[e]inhabitauntes of this mountayne, 
 browght to o»Te (hippe, breade, gofiampine cotton, cunnies, and fundry kyndes of wyldfowle : demaundynge 
 relygioufly of th[e]interpretoures, if this nation defcended not from heauen. The kynge of this people, and 
 dyuers other (age men that (loode by hyni, informed hym that that lande was no Ilande. Shortly after, 
 enteringe into one of the Ilandes beinge on the lefte hande of this lande, they fownde no botly therin: for they 
 flcdde al at the commyng of owre men. Yet fownde they there fowTe dogges of maruelous deformed fhape, 
 and fuche as coulde not barke. This kyiid of dogges, they eate as we do goates. Here is great plentie of geefe, 
 dui.kes, and hearons. Betwene thefe Ilandes and the continente, he enteretl into foo narowe ftreyghtes, that 
 ho roulde fcarfely tume backc the (hippes: And thefe alfo fo flialowe, that the keele of the fliyps fumtyme rafed 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 77 
 
 on the Cindes The water of thefe llreyghtes, fcr the fpace of fortie myles, was white and thycke lyke vnto 
 mylke, and as thowgh mele had byn fparkeled throwgh owte al that fea. And when they had at the lengthe 
 efcaped thefe (Irayghtes, anil were nowe coome into a niayne and large fea, and had fayled theron for the fpace 
 of foure fcore myles, they efpyed an other exccdinge hygh mountayne. whyther the Atlmirall reforted to (lore 
 his fhyppes with frefflie water and fuel. Heare amonge certeyne wooddes of date trees, and pyneable trees of 
 excedyng height he fownd two natiue fiir)'nges of frefflie water. In the meane tyme whyle the woodde was 
 cuttynge and the barrelies fyllyng, one of owre archers went into the wood to hunt : where he efpyed a certeyne 
 man with a whyte veflure, foo lyke a fr)-er of th[e]order of faynt Mar)e oi MtrcCilis, that at tlie fyrfle fight he 
 fuppofed it had byn the Adniiralles preetle which lie browgiit with hyni, beyng a man of the fame order. But 
 two other folowed hym immcdiatlye owte of the fame wooddes, fliortly after, he fawe a farre of a hole coompany 
 of men clothed in apparel, beinge abowte. x.\x. in nomber. Then turning his backe and crjinge owte to his 
 felowes, he made liarte to the fliyfipes with all that he niyght dr)ue. Thefe ai)i)arelled men, made fignes and 
 tokens to hym to tar)- and not to bee afrayde. But that notwithflandinge, he ceafed not to tl\e. The Adniirall 
 beinge aduertifed hereof, and not a lyttle reioyfynge that he had fownde a ciuile peojjle, incontinently fent 
 forth armed men, with conimaundement, that yf neede fliould foo reijuyre, they fhulde enter fortie myles into 
 the Ilande, vntyl they myght fynde cyther thofe apparelled men, or other inhabitantes of that countrey. When 
 they hadde paffed ouer the wootlde, they came into a greate i)Uiyne full of grafle and herbes, in which appeared 
 no token of any pathe way. Here attemptinge to goo throwgh the grade and herbes, they were foo entangled 
 and bewrapte therin, that they were fcarfely able to paffe a myle, the gralTe beinge there lyttle lower then owre 
 r)'pe corne. Beinge therfore weryed, they were enforced to retuine ageyne, fyndyng no pathe way. The day 
 folowing he fent foorth. xxv. armed men an other way: Commaunding them to make diligent fearche and 
 inquifition what nianer of people inhabited the land. Who departinge, when they had fownde not farre from 
 the fea fyde certeyne lleppes of wylde beafles, of the which they fuf[)ected fum to bee of Lyons feete being 
 flriken with feare, returned backe age\Tie. As they came they fownilo a woodde in the which were many 
 natiue \-ines here and there crepinge abowte highe trees, with many other trees bearinge aromaticall fruites and 
 fjiyces. Of thefe vines they browght with them into Spaine many cluflers of grapes ver)' ponderous and full of 
 l)coure. But of the other fniites, tl.ey browght none bycaufe they putrified by the wayein the fliippe, and were 
 cifle into the fea. They liiye alfo that in the laundes or medowes of thofe wooddes, they fawe tlockes of greate 
 cranes twyfe as bygge as owtcs. As he went fonvard and turned his (iiyles towarde certeyne other mountaines, 
 he efpied two cotages on the fhore, in the whiche he fawe onely one man : who beinge browght to the fliyppe, 
 fignified with heade, fyngers, and by al other fignes, that he couUle deuife that the lande which lay beyonde 
 thofe mountaynes, was very full of ])eople. And as the .Vdmirall drewe nere the fliore of the fame, there niette 
 liyni certeyne Caiicas hauinge in them many people of the countrey, who made fignes and tokens of peace and 
 frendefliyp. But here DUacus th[e]interpretour whiche vnilerlloode the language of th[e]inhabitantes of the 
 lieginning of Cuba, vnderllode not them one whytte, wherby they confydred that in fundr)' prouinces of Cuba, 
 were fundrj- languages He had alfo intelligence, that in the inlande of this Region, was a kynge of gTeate 
 l^ower, and accuflomed to weare apparell. He fayth that all the tracte of this fhore, was drowned with water 
 and full of mudde, befette with many trees, after the nianer of owre niary fllies, yet whereas in this place they 
 wente alande for frefflie water, they fownde many of the fliel tyffhes in the whiche pearles are gathered. But 
 that coulde not caufe the Admirall to tracte the tyme there, entendinge at this viage, only to proue howe many 
 landes and feas he coulde difcouer accordinge to the kynges conimaundement As they yet proceded for^varde, 
 they fawe here and there al the waye alonge by tlie fliore, a great fmoke ryfmge, vnt) 11 they came to an oiher 
 mountayne foure fcore myles dillant There was no roeke or hyll that coulde be feene, but the fame was all 
 of a fmoke. But whether thefe fyers were made by th[e]inhabitantes for their neceflarj- bufynes, or as we are 
 wont to fette beacons on f\Te when we fufpecte th[e]approche of owtc enemies, thereby to g)ue waniinge to 
 theyr neyghbours to bee in a redines, and gather togyther if perhappes owTe men fhulde attempte any tliinge 
 ageynfl them, or otherwyfe as feemethe mod lykely, to caule them togyther as to a wonder to behould owre 
 fliippes, they knewe yet no certentie. In this tracte, the rtiores bended fumetyme towarde the Southe, and 
 funietyme towarde the Wefle and weflefouthwefl. : .'\nd the fea was euer)- where entangeled with Ilandes: by 
 reafon whereof, the keeles of tlie fliippes often tymes rafed the fandes for fhalownes of the water: So that the 
 fliyijpes beinge very fore brufed and appayred, the fa)les, cables, and other tackelinges, in maner rotten, and 
 the vytayles, (efpecially the byflcette breade) comipted by tak>nge water at the riftes euyll clofed, the Admirall 
 was enforced to tume backe ageyne. This lafle poyntc where he touched of Cuba (not yet beinge knowen to 
 lie an Ilande) he cauled Ejiangclijla. Thus turning his fayles toward other Ilandes Ivinge not farre from the 
 fuppofed continente, he chaunced into a niayne fea where was fuche a multitude of greate tortoyfes, that 
 funityme they flayed the fhyppes. Not longe after, he entered into a gulfe of whyte water, lyke vnto that 
 wherof wt: fpake before. At the length fearing the flielfes of the Hands, he returned to the fliore of Cuba by 
 
 Whyte and Ihicke 
 water. 
 
 Wooddes of d.nte 
 trees. 
 
 Men .ipp-irclcj 
 like white Irj'crs. 
 
 16 
 
 hyghc .):> curiit;. 
 
 Slcppes iif wyld 
 bea^ite-s fcctc. 
 
 Natiue vines 
 
 Trees l)earinRe 
 
 spyces ami swectc 
 fruilcs. 
 
 Greate Cr.mcs. 
 
 Dyuen langungcs 
 ill the llanUc of 
 Cuba. 
 
 Pearles in 
 shclfy&shcs. 
 
 The Kca entangeled 
 with Ilaiidc:i 
 
 Kuangelista. 
 
 I A multitude of 
 great tortoyses 
 
r^ 
 
 78 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 ii> 
 
 '? 
 
 A Roufe of whyte 
 
 water 
 
 Ilumaine people. 
 
 Stock doiies of 
 
 more pleasaunt 
 
 t.ist then 
 
 pirtriches. 
 
 17 
 
 The Imimnitic <if 
 a roiKTfiuie owldc 
 ^(itii;riuiur. 
 
 An nritinn nf (he 
 nuked guucniutir. 
 
 Thcyr opinion of 
 the soul of man. 
 
 Pcsyrc of goliie 
 foinnlc th.it 
 which religion 
 couMe not fyiidc. 
 I'irius />oxt 
 tiMmmos. ^c. 
 
 The Hand a^ 
 
 common as the 
 sunnc and water- 
 
 The Huldi.n 
 worlde. 
 
 Prouision without 
 care. 
 
 Simple diete 
 
 18 
 
 «' 
 
 The Hand of 
 laniaica. 
 
 HUpanioIa. 
 The Canibales. 
 
 the fame way which he came. Here a multitude of th[e]inhabitantes, as well women as men, rcfortcd to h)TT> 
 with cheerefull countenaunce and without feare: bring)-ngc with them popingayes, breade, water, and cunnyes: 
 IJut efpecially ftocke doues much bygger then o^^Tes : which he affimieth, in fauour and tafte, to bee muche 
 more pleafaunt then owre partnches. Wherforc where as in eatinge of them he perceaued a certejue fauoure 
 of fi)yce to proceade from tiiem, he commaunded the croppe to bee opened of fuche as were newely kylled, and 
 fownde the lame full of fwcete fpyces, whiche he argued to bee the caufe of theyr ftrange tafte. For it fbndeth 
 with good reafon, that the flefilie of beafles, (luilde drawe the nature and qualitie of the>T accuftomed nurj-fliemente. 
 As the Admirall harde malTe on the (liore, there came towarde h)Tn a certeyne gouemoure, a man of four fcore 
 yeares of age, and of great grauitie, althowgh he were naked fauinge his pr)uie partes. He had a great trayne of 
 menne waytinge on h)-m. All the wliyle the prcefle was at made, he fhewetl h)Tn felfe verj-e humble and gaue 
 reuerente attendaunce with graue and demure countenaunce. When the mafle was ended, he prefented to tlie 
 .\dmirall, a bafkette of the fniites of his countrey, delyueringc the flime with his owne handes. When the 
 Admirall had gentelly interteyned h}Tn, defyringe leaue to fpeake, he made an oration in the prefence of 
 Didaais th[e]interprelourc, in this effecte. I hauc byn aduertifed (mofle mighty prince) that you haue of late 
 with greate ix)wer fubdued many landes and Regions hytherto vnknowen to you : and haue browght no little 
 feare \-ppon all the people and inhabitantcs of the dime. The which your good fortune, you fhal beare with 
 leffe infolencie, if you remember that the foules of men haue two ioumeyes after they are de]>arted from this 
 botlye. The one fowle and darke, prepared for fuche as are iniurious and cruell to mankynde : The other 
 pleafaunt and delectable, ordeyned for them which in thejT lyfe tyme, loued peace and quietnes. If inerefore 
 you acknowleage your felfe to bee mortall, and confyder that euer)- man fhall receaue condigne rewarde or 
 punylhement for fuch thinges as he hath done in this life, you wyl wTongefuUy hurte no man. When he had 
 foyde thefe wordes and other lyke, wliich were declared to the Admirall by th[e]interpretoure, he marueylinge 
 at the iudgemente of the naked owlde man, anfwcred, that lie was gladde to heare his opinion as touchinge the 
 fundrj- ioumeys and rewardes of fowles departed from theyr bodyes : Suppofmge that nother he, or any other 
 of th[e]inhabitantes of thofe Regions, had had any t nowleage thereof. Declaringe further that the chiefe caufe 
 of his comminge thyther was to inftnicte them in fuch godly knowleage and trewe religion : And that he was 
 fente into thofe countreys by the Chrillian kynge of Spayne (his lorde and maiflcr) for the fame purpofe : And 
 fpecially to fulxlue and punifilie the Canibales and fuch other mifrheuous people : And to defende innocentes 
 age^Tifl the nolence of fuch euyl doers wjllynge hym and all other fuch as embrafed vertue, in no cafe to bee 
 afrayde : But rather to open his mynde vnto him, if eyther he, or any other fuche quiete men as he was, hadde 
 fulleyned any wTonge of the)T neyghbours : and that he wold fee the fame reuenged. Thefe comfortable 
 wordes of the Admirall foo pleafed the owlde man, that notwithflandyng his e.\treeme age, he woulde gladly 
 haue gone with the Admiral as he had doone in deede, if his wyfe and chyldren had not h)'nilered h\Tn of his 
 purpofe. But he marueyled not a lyttle, that the Admirall was vnder the dominion of an other: And muche mere, 
 when th[e]interpretour towlde hym of the glor)-e, magnificence, pompes, greate po«Te, and fumj-mentcs of 
 warre of owre k\Tiges, and of the multitudes of cities and townes which were \-nder thejT dominions. 
 Intend)-ng therfore to haue gonne with the Admirall, his wyfe and children fell proflrate at his feete, with teares 
 def)T)-nge h)-m not to forfake them and leaue them defolate. At whofe pytifuU requeftes, the worthy owlde man 
 beinge moued, remaj-ned at home to the comfort of his people and fomylie, liitiffyenge rather them then hym 
 felfe. For not yet ceafinge to woonder, and of heauy countenaunce bycaufe he myght not departe, he demaunded 
 oftent}Tnes if that lande were not heauen, which browght foorth fuche a k\-nde of men. For it is certeyne, that 
 amonge them, the lande is as common as the fonne and water : And that Myne and Thyne (the feedes of all 
 myfcheefe) haue no jtlace with them. They are contente with foo lyttle, that in foo large a countrey, they haue 
 rather fuperfluitie then fcaifenes. Soo that (as wee haue faydc before) they feeme to hue in the goulden worlde, 
 without toyle, Ij-uinge in open gardens, not intrenched with dykes, dy-uyded with hedges, or defended with 
 waules. They deale trewely one with another, without lawes, without bookes, and without fudges. They lake 
 hym for an euyll and myfcheuous man, which taketh pleafure in doinge hurte to other. And albeit that they 
 delyte not in fuperfluities, yet make they prouifion for th[e]increafe of fuche rootes, wherof they make thejT 
 breade, as Maizium, Iiicca, and Ages, contented with fuche fimple dyet, wherby health is preferued, and 
 dyfeafes auoyded. The Admirall therfore departinge from thcnfe, aiid myndinge to retume agejue fhortly after, 
 chaunced to coome ageyne to the I lande of lamaka beinge on the fowthe lyde therof : and coafted all alonge 
 by the fhore of the fame, from the Wede to the Fade. From whofe lad comer on the Ead fyde, when he fawe 
 towarde the North on his lefte hand, certeyn high mountains he knewe at the length that it was the fowthe fyde 
 of the Ilande of Hifpaniola, which he had not yet paflfed by. Wherfore at the Calendes of September, enter- 
 inge into the hauen of the lame Ilande, cauled faynt Nycolas hauen, he repayred his fhippes to th[e]intent that 
 he myght age)Tie wad and fpoyle the Ilandes of the Canibales, and bume all the)T Canoas, that thofe raueninge 
 wolues myght no longer peri'ecute and deuoure the innocent flieepe. But he was at this tyme hjudered of his 
 
 Tl 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 79 
 
 pu.pofo by reafon of a dyfeafe which he had gotten with to muche watchinge. Thus beinge feeble and weake, 
 he was ledde of the niar)-ners to the citie of Ifabdla, where, witli his two brytheme whicli were there, and other 
 his fatniliers, he recouered his heahh in (horte fpace. Yet coulde he not at this tynie aflayle the Canibales, by 
 reafon of fedicion that was -yfen of late amonge the Spanyardes which he had lefte in Jlifpaniola, wherof we 
 wyll fpeake more heareafter. Thus fare ye weL 
 
 C The fourth booke of the fyrst decade 
 to Lodouike Cardiiiall of Aragonie. 
 
 Olonus the Admirall of the Ocean, returning (as he fuppofed) from the continent or firnic 
 lande of Eafl India, had aduertifement that his brother lioilus and one IMcr Mar^arila, an 
 owld familier of the kinges, and a noble man, with diners other of thofo to wliom he had 
 left the gouemement of the Hand, were of corrupted mynde ageynll him, departed into Spayne. 
 Wherfore as wel to purge him of fuch crimes as they fhuld ley to his cliarge, as alfo to make 
 a fupply of other men in the place of them which were returnetl, anil efpecially to prouyde 
 for vitailes, as wheat, wj-ne. oyle, and fuch other which the Siianyariles are accuftomed to 
 eate, bycaufe they coulde not yet well agree with fuch nieates as they fownde in the Ilandes, determined fliortly 
 to take his vyage into Spayne. But what he dyd before his departure, I wyll brefely rehearfe. 
 
 The kynges of the Ilandes which had hytherto lyued quietly and content with theyr lyttle whiche they 
 thowght abundante, wheras they nowe perceaued that owre men began to fallen foote within theyr Regions and 
 to beare rule amonge them, tooke the matter fo greuoufly, that they thowght nothynge elles but by what meanes 
 they myght vtterly deftroy them, and for euer abolyflTie the memory of theyr name. For that kynde of men 
 (the Spanyardes I meane which folowed the Admirall in that nauigation,) was for the mofl parte vnruly, 
 regardynge nothinge but Idlenes, playe, and libertie: And wolde by no meanes ablleyne from iniuries: 
 Rauydiynge the women of the Ilandes before the faces of their hulbandcs, fathers, and brethrene : By which 
 theyr abhomynable myfdemaynour, they diftjuieted the myndes of all th[e]inhabitantes : In fo much that where fo 
 euer they fownde any of owre men \Tiprepared, they flewe them with fuche fyercenes and gladncs, as thowgh 
 they had offered facryfyce to God. Intendj-nge therefore to pacific their troubled myndes, and to punyflie them 
 that flew his men before he departed from thenfe, he fent for the kynge of that vale, which in the booke before, 
 we defcrybed to bee at the foote of the mounta)-nes of the Region of Cibatia. This kynges name was Guarionexius : 
 who, the more llreyghtly to concyle \iJto hym the frendeftiyppe of the Admirall, gauc ..ys fyller to wyfe to 
 Didaais, a man from his chyldes age browght v-p with the Admiral, whom he vfed for Lis interpretoure in the 
 prouinces of Cuba. After this, he fent for Caunaboa, cauled the lorde of the howfe of goulde : that is, of the 
 mountaynes of Cibaua. For this Caunaboa, he fente one capitayne Hokda, whom the ditionaries of Caunaboa 
 had enforced to keepe his howlde bj-fiegeinge for the fpace of x\x. dayes, the fortrelTe of faynte Thomas, in the 
 which Hokda with his fyftie fouldiers, ftootle at thejT defence, vntyll the comminge of the Admirall. Whyle 
 Hokda remayned with Caunaboa, many ambafladours of the kynges of dyuers Regions were fent to Caunaboa, 
 perfuadinge hym in no condicion to i>emiitte the Chrillians to inhabite the I lande, except he had rather ferue then 
 rule. On the other parte, Hokda aduertifed Caunaboa to goo to the Admirall, and to make a league of frendefhip 
 with hym. But the ambafladours on the contrar)- part, threatened hym, that yf he wolde foo doo, the other kynges 
 wolde inuade his Region. But Hokda aunfwered theym ageyne, that wheras they confpired to majnteyne their 
 libertie, they (huld by that meanes be browght to feniitude anil dellniction if they entended to refill or keepe 
 warre ageinfl the Chriflians. Thus Caunaboa on the one fyde and the other, beinge troubeled as it were a 
 rocke in the fea, beaten with contrary fluddes, and much more kexed with the ftormes of his g>itie confcience 
 for that he had priuilie flaine. xx. of owre men vnder pretence of peace feared to coome to the Admirall. But 
 at the length, hauing excogitated this deceyte, to haue flayne the Admirall and his coompany vnder the colour 
 of frendfliippe if oportunitie wold foo haue ferude, lie repayred to the Admiral with his hole familie and many 
 other wayting on h)-m, armed after thejT maner. Beinge demaunded why he browght foo greate a rout of men 
 with hym, he aunfwered that it was not decente for foo great a prince as he was, to goo foorth of his howfe 
 without fuche a bande of men. But the thinge chaunced much othervvyfe then he looked for. For he fell into 
 the fnares which he had prepared for other. For wheras by the way he began to repente hym that he came 
 foorthe of his howfe, Hokda with many fayTe wordes and promyfes, browght hym to the .Admirall : At whofe 
 commaundement, he was immediatly token and put in prifon : So that the fowles of owtc men were not longe 
 
 Siclcenes of to 
 much watchinge. 
 
 Eastc Indix 
 
 The Spanyartl';s 
 rclHillc in the 
 Admiral:* ai>sc>ncc 
 
 ThckynKCsdf till 
 llanilc- rc-Lcll. 
 
 I The Sp.miaitlcs 
 inisbchauuur. 
 
 Gllarionexins the 
 kynge of the 
 great vale 
 Didacus the 
 intcrpretour 
 Caunaboa, the 
 kynge of the 
 house tif guide. 
 
 Cai'il.iync Iloieda 
 
 19 
 
 Kynge C;ninal>o.i, 
 had slain the 
 Spunyardcs. 
 
 Caunaboa 
 conspireth the 
 Ad[iurallcs death. 
 
 Fayre words 
 make fooles faynoi 
 
< .U.P.JUIIII 
 
 •oiMPU iui,i ja 
 
 80 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 Famine in 
 llande of 
 hiapnniola. 
 
 The ImnKer of 
 golde c.uiscth 
 great famine. 
 
 The towre of 
 conccptiuii. 
 
 A ma<;<;c of roUI 
 wcighiijgc. XX. 
 ounces. 
 
 Tofus. 
 
 F.lcctrum is .1 
 liict.ill tiatur.illy 
 mixt ofoiiu iiot'iun 
 of Rolde .anil an 
 other of sillier 
 boinge of propcrtie 
 to bewray poyson, 
 and was oq 
 
 thcrforc in 
 owldc tynie in ^ 
 ETcatcr cstiination 
 tncn golde. 
 
 The myne of 
 Electruni, 
 
 An other kynde of 
 
 andK:r is taken out 
 of Rreate whale 
 fishes 
 
 Orpcment or oker. 
 Wooildcs of 
 br.asilc trees. 
 
 Causes of 
 hindcrance. 
 Licenciiisnes of 
 to much libertic 
 
 And this only 
 gathered aiul not 
 nigged ont of the 
 bodi of the mine 
 
 The people mate 
 supplication to 
 stanct to their 
 tribute 
 
 from their bodies vnrcucnged. Thus Cauiiahoa with all his familie bcinge taken, the Admirall was detennincd 
 to ninne oner the Ilandc. Ikit he was certified that there was fuch famine anionge th[e]inhabitantes, that there 
 was alredye fyftie thoufimde menne deade therof : And that they dyed yet dayly as it were rotton flieepe : The 
 caufe wherof was wel knowen to bee theyr owne obllinacie and frowardnes. For where as they fawe that owtc 
 men entended to choofe them a dwelling place in the llande, fuppofinge that they myght haue driuen them from 
 thence if the vytailes of the llande fhoulde faylc, they detemiyned with them fellies, not only to leaue fowing and 
 plantyng, but alfo to dellroy and plucke vp by the rootes euery man in his owne region, that whiche they had 
 alredye fowen of both kyndes of breade wherof we made mencion in the fyrd booke. But efpecially anionge 
 the mountayncs of Cibaiia, othenvyfe caiilcd Ci/a/ij^a, for as muche as they hadde knoweleage that the golde 
 which abundcth in that Region, was the cheefe caufe that deteyned owre men in the llande. In the meane tyme, 
 he fent foorth a Capitayne with a bande of men to fearche the fowthe fyde of the llande. Who at his rctume, 
 reported that throwghe out all the Regions that he trauaylcd, there was fuche fcarfenes of breade, that for the 
 fpace of. xvi. dayes he eate nowght elles but the rootes of herbes, and of younge date trees, or the fruites of 
 other wylde trees, But Giiarionexius, the kynge of the vale lyinge beneth the mountaynes of Cibaita, whofe 
 kyngedoome was not foo waded as the other, gaue owre menne certeyne vytayles. 
 
 Within a fewe dayes after, bothe that the iourneys myght bee the fhorter, and alfo that owre men myght haue 
 more flxfe places of refuge, if the inhabitantes fliukl hereafter rebell in lyke maner, he buylded an other fort[r]e(re 
 (whiche he cauled the towre of Conception) betwene the citie of IJabclhi and faint Thomas fortrefle, in the 
 marches of the kyngdome of this Guarioncxiits within the i)recincte of Cibaua vpon the fyde of a hyll, hauynge 
 a fayre ryuer of holfome water runnynge hard by the fame. Thus when the inhabitantes fawe newe buylilynges 
 to bee dayly erected, and owre fliippes lying in the hauen rotten and halfe broken, they beganne to defpayre of 
 any hope of liberlie, and wandered vp and downe with heuic chere. From the towre of Conception, fearchynge 
 diligently the inner partes of the mountaynes of Cibaua, there was a certeine kyng whiche gaue them a mafle 
 of rude golde, as bygge as a mans fyfl, weighing. x.\. vnces. This golde was not fownde in the banke of that 
 ryuer, but in a heape of drye earthe : and was lyke vnto tlie lone cauled To/us, whiche is foone refolued into 
 fande. This maffe of golde, I my felfe fawe in Cadile, in the famous citie of Mcthymiia Caiiipi, where the 
 courte lay all that wynter. I fawe alfo a great piece of pure E/iflriiiir. of the whiche belles and apothecaries 
 morters, and many fuche other vcffcls and inflmmentes maye bee matle, as were in owlde tyme of copper of the 
 citie of Corinthus. 'I'his piece of Eknrum, was of fuch weight, that I was not onely with both my handes 
 vnable to lifte it from the grownde, but alfo not of (Irengthe to remoue it eyther one waye or an other. They 
 affyrmcd that it wayde more then three hundreth pownde weight, after, viii. vnces to the pownde. It was 
 fownde in the howfe of a certen prynce, and lefte hym by his predeccffours. And albeit that in the dayes of 
 th[e]inhabitantes yet liuynge, Eknrum was no where digged, yet knewe they where the myne therof was : but 
 owre men with muche adoo, coulde hardely caufe them to (liewe them the place, they bore them fuche priuie 
 hatred. Yet at the length, they browght theym to the myne, beyng nowe ruinate and flopped with (lones and 
 rubbifflie. It is muche eafier to dygge then is the iren myne : and myght bee reflored agein, if myners and 
 other woorkemen (kylfiiU therin, were appoynted therto. Not farre from the towre of Conception, in the fame 
 mountaynes, is fownd great plentie of Amber: and owte of certen rockes of the fame diflilleth a fubllance of 
 the yelowe coloure whiche the paynters vfe. Not farre from thefe mountaynes are many greate wooddes, in the 
 which arc none other trees then brafile, whiche the Italians caule VcrzimK But here perhappes (right noble 
 prynce) yowe wolde a(ke what flioulde be die caufe, that where as the Spanyardes haue brought owte of thefe 
 Ilandes certen fliyppes 'aden with brafile, fumwhat of golTampine cotton, a quantitie of amber, a lyttel golde, and fum 
 fpices, why they h.nnc not broughte fuche plentie of golile and fuche other ryche marchaundies as the fniitfulnefle 
 of thefe regions feeme to promifTe. To this I anfwere, that when Colomis the admirall was lykewife demaunded 
 the caufe hereof, he made anfwere that the Spanyardes whiche he tooke with him into thefe regions, were g>'uen 
 rather to flepe, pley, and ydleneffe, then to laboure: And were more ftudious of fedition and newes, then 
 defyrous of peace and quietneffe: Alfo that beynge gyuen to lycencioufnes, they rebelled and forfooke hym, 
 fyndynge matter of falfe accufations agaynfl hym, bycaufe he went aboute to reprefle theyr owtmgioufenes. By 
 reafon wherof he was not yet able to breake the power of the inhabytantcs, and freely to poflefle the full 
 dominion of the llande. And thefe hynderaunces to be the caufe that hitherto the gaynes haue fcarfely 
 counteruayled the charges. Albeit, euen this yere whyle I wryte thefe thynges at yowre requefte, they gathered 
 in t^voo moonethes the fumme of a thoufande and twoo hundreth poundes weight of golde. But bycaufe we 
 intende to fpeake more largely of thefe thynges in theyr place, w^e wyll nowe retourne from whenfe we haue 
 digreffed. When the inhabitantes perceaued that they could by no meanes fliake the yoke from their neckes, they 
 made humble fupplication to the Admirall that they myght daiide to theyr tribute, and apply them felues to reincreafe 
 the fruites of theyr countrey, beinge nowe almode waded. He graunted them theyr requede: and appoynted 
 fuch order that euery Region (hulde paye their tribute, with the commodities of theyr countreys, accordinge to 
 80 
 
 
The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 8i 
 
 IS determined 
 tcs, that there 
 flieepe : The 
 awe that owre 
 len them from 
 lie fowiiig and 
 iche they hail 
 cially amonge 
 hat the golde 
 e mcane tyme, 
 at his retume, 
 e, that for the 
 r the fruites of 
 Cibaua, whofe 
 
 m myght haue 
 ither fort[r]cfTe 
 "ortrclTe, in the 
 L hyll, hauynge 
 we buyldynges 
 to defpayre of 
 ion, fearchynge 
 > tliem a maffe 
 ; banke of that 
 e refohied into 
 /////', where the 
 d apothecaries 
 if copper of the 
 oth my handes 
 1 other. They 
 wnde. It was 
 in the dayes of 
 herof was : but 
 m fiiche priuie 
 viih flones and 
 if myners and 
 jn, in the fame 
 a fubllance of 
 ifooddes, in the 
 )es (right noble 
 owte of thefe 
 golde, and fiim 
 the fruitfulnefle 
 fe dcmaunded 
 ns, were g)-uen 
 id newes, then 
 forfooke hym, 
 ;ioufenes. By 
 jofleffe the full 
 haue fcarfely 
 , they gathered 
 But bycaufe we 
 vhenfe we haue 
 eir neckes, they 
 les to reincreafe 
 and appoynted 
 i, accordinge to 
 
 theyr portion, and at fuchc tyme as tliey were agreed vppon. But tlic violent famine dyd frudrate all thefe 
 
 appoyntmentes. For all the trauayles of the) r bodyes, were fcarfely able to fiilVicc to fynile ihtni meate in the 
 
 wooddes, whereby to fulleyne tht)T lyues, bcinge of long tyme contented with rootes and the fruites of wyhle 
 
 trees. Yet manye of the kynges with theyr people, euen in this extreme neceffitie, browght parte of theyr 
 
 tribute: Mofle humbly defyringe the Admirall to haue compaffion of theyr calamities, and to beare with them 
 
 yet a whyle, vntyll the Hand were r'ftored to the owlde flate. Promyfinge farther, that that which was nowe 
 
 wantinge, fliulde then bee dowble recompenfed. IJut fewe of the iniiabitantes of the mountaynes of Cibaiia, 
 
 kepte theyr promyfe, bycaufe they were forer opprelTed with famine then any of the other. They faye, that the 
 
 inhabitantes of thefe mountaynes, tliffcr no leffe in maners and language from them which dwel in the playnes, 
 
 then amonge vs, the ruflicalles of the countrey from gentylmen of the courte ; wheras notwithftandinge, they lyue 
 
 bothe as it were vnder one portion of heuen, and in many thinges, much after one faffliiun, as in nakednes, and 
 
 rude fimplicitie. But nowe lette vs retume to Caiinaboa, the kynge of the howfe of golde, beinge in captiuitie. 
 
 When he pcrceaued him felfe to be cade in pr)fon, fretinge and gratinge his teethe as it had bin a lyon of Libia, and 
 
 dayelyand nightlye deuifmge with hym felfe howe he myght bee delyucred, beganne to perfuade the Admirall, that 
 
 for as muche as he had nowe taken vnto his dominion the Region of Ci/aii^a or Cibaiia (wherof he was king) it 
 
 fliuldc bee expedient to fende thyther a garryfon of Chrillian men, to dcfende the fame from the incurfions of his 
 
 owld enemyes and borderers. For he fayde, that it was figii) fied vnto h) ni, that the countreye was wafted and fpoyled 
 
 with fuche incurfions. By this crafty deuife, he thought to haue browght to paffe, that his brother whiche was in 
 
 that regyon, and the other his kynfefolkes and frendes with their adherentes, flioulde haue taken, eyther by 
 
 fleyghte or force, as many of owTe men, as myght haue redeemed h)-m. But the Admyrall vnderftanilynge his 
 
 crafty meanynge, fente Huieda with fuche a coompany of men, as might vanriuilhe the Cibauians, if they fluilde 
 
 moue warre ageynfte them. OwTe men had fcarfely entered into the Region, but the brother of Caiinaboa 
 
 came agenfte them with an armie of fyue thouflmde naked menne, armed after theyr maner with clubbes, 
 
 arrowes typte with bones, and fpeares maile harde at the endes with fyre. He ftole vjjon owre men beyng in 
 
 one of theyr howfes: and encamped rownde about the fame on euery fyde. Tliis Cibauian, as a man not 
 
 ignorant in the difciplyne of warre, abowte the diftance of a ftirlonge from the houfe, diuided his armye into 
 
 fyue batayles, appoyntinge to euery of them a circuite by equal diuifion ; Antl placed the froont of his owne 
 
 batayle, directlye ageynft owre men. When he had thus fet his batayles in good array, he gaue certeyne 
 
 fignes that the hole army fluilde marche forwarde in order with equal paces, and with a larome freflhly aflayle 
 
 theyr enemies, in fuch fort that none might efcape. But owre men iudginge it better to encounter with one of 
 
 the batayles, then to abyde the brunt of the hole army, gaue onfet on the mayne batayle aranged in the playne, 
 
 bycaufe that place was moft commodious for tlie horfemcn. ^Vhcn the horfemen therfore hadde gyuen the 
 
 charge, they ouerthrewe them with the breftes of theyr horfes, and flewe as many as abode th[e]cnde of the 
 
 fyght. The refidue beinge ftrj'ken with feare, difparcled, and fledde to the mountaynes and rockes: from 
 
 whenfe they made a pytifuU houlynge to owTe men, defyringe them to fpare them : proteftinge that they wolde 
 
 neuer more rebelle, but doo what fo euer they woulde commaunde them, if they wolde fuffer theim to lyue in 
 
 theyr owne countrey. Thus the brother of Caunabca beinge taken, the Admirall licenced the people to reforte 
 
 euery man to his owne. Thefe thinges thus fortunately atchiued this Region was pacified. Amonge thofe 
 
 mountaynes, the vale which Caunaboa inhabited, is cauled Magona, and is excedynge fruitfull : hauinge in it 
 
 many goodly fpringes; and r)iiers, in the frnde wherof, is fownde great plentie of golde. The fame yeare in 
 
 the mooneth of lune, they faye there rofe fuche a bo\ rt[r]ous tempefte of wynde from the fowtheafte, as hath not 
 
 lyghtly ben harde of; The violence hereof was fuch that it plucked vppe by the roots what fo euer greate trees 
 
 were within the reache of the force therof. When this whirle \vynde came to the hauen of the citie, it beate 
 
 downe to the bottome of the fea, three (hiiipes which lay at anker, and broke the cables in fundre : and that 
 
 (which is the greater maruail) without any ftomie or rowghnes of the fea, oncly turnynge them three or foure 
 
 tymes abowte. The inhabitantes alfo affirme, that the fame yeare, the fea extended it felfe further in to the 
 
 lande, and rofe higher then euer it dyd before by the memory of man, by the fpace of a cubet. The people 
 
 therfore, muttered amonge them felues, that owTe nation hadde trowbled the elemcntcs, and caufed fuch 
 
 portentous fignes. Thefe tempeftes of the ayer (which the Grecians caule Tiphoitcs, that is, whyrle ^vyndes) 
 
 they caule, Furacancs: which they fay, doo often tymes chaunce in this Ilande: But that neyther they nor 
 
 theyT great grandfathers euer fawe fuche violent and furious Fiiracaiies, that plucked vppe greate trees by the 
 
 rootes : Neyther yet fuche furges and vehement motions on the fea, that foo wafted the lande. As in deede it 
 
 may appeare, for as muche as, where fo euer the fea bankes are nere to any plaine there are in maner euery 
 
 wh^re, florifliing medowes reachinge euen vnto the fhore. But nowe let vs retume to Caunaboa. As kynge 
 
 Caunaboa therefore and his brother (houlde haue binne browght into Spayne, they dyed by the waye for verye 
 
 penfyuenes and anguyfhe of mynde. The Admiral, whofe fliippes were drowned in the forfayde tempefte, 
 
 perceauinge him felfe to bee nowe enclofed, commaunded foorlhwith two other ftiippes (which the Spaniardes 
 
 EOBH. K 8l 
 
 Famin« 
 
 The nature of tha 
 Region ihspo-^eth 
 the maner of the 
 |)eople. 
 
 K>*nge Caunaboa 
 in captiuitie. 
 
 The perstiasion 
 of Caunabox 
 
 21 
 
 Caunaboa his 
 brother rebeUeth. 
 
 A conflict bctwene 
 the CiKiuians and 
 the Spanyardcs. 
 
 The Cibauians 
 haue the 
 ouerthrowe. 
 
 A RTcat tempest 
 in the moneUi 
 of lune. 
 
 Three ships 
 drowned fyinge 
 
 at anker 
 
 Whyric wynde& 
 Furacanes. 
 
 The death of 
 kynee Caunaboa 
 and Dts brother. 
 
83 
 
 The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 Barthnlomcu4 
 Col(inii» tho 
 leauetctLtimt 
 ■earctivth the 
 gglde mincft. 
 
 22 
 
 The colde myne4 
 of SaTuiiion. 
 
 Golde in thd 
 iupcrfici.il I p.-irtc:« 
 of the earth. 
 
 The Adniir.-tl 
 laketh hu viu|;e 
 
 The golden towrc. 
 
 Lackeuf vyiaylc: 
 
 ftuntinge 
 houndfs. 
 
 Manicautexius. 
 
 Vytayles browght 
 from Spayne. 
 
 Saynt Dominikes 
 towrc. 
 
 Groues of 
 dale trees. 
 
 lubclia. 
 
 23 
 
 caule CiU<iuths) to bee made. For he had with hym, all nianer of ariiticLrs perteyninge theninto. Whyle thefe 
 thingcs were dooinge, he font fourth Baiiholomnis Co/onus his brother, bciiigc leauetcnaunt of the Ilande, 
 with an army of men to fcanhc the noldc niynes bcinge dyftant three fcore leaiiues from tlie citie of Ifabelh, 
 which were fownde by the coiuliicte of ccrteyne people of tlie Ilande, bcefore the inynes of Ci/>dHf^(i or Cibtimi 
 were knowen. In thefe niyncs, they fownde cerlcyne diepe pittes which had byn digged in owlde tyme, owte 
 of thefe pyttes, the Admirall (who alhrmelh this Ilande of llij'pa'iiohi to lue Uphir, a.s we haiie fayde before) 
 fupjiofeth that Salomon the kynge of Iliaufakm had his greate ryches of golde wherof we reede in the owlde 
 tedaniente : And that his Ihijipes fayled to this t)pliir by the goulfe of l\rlia cauled Sinus Pirficus. But 
 whether it bee f(Jo or not, it lyeth not in nie to iiidge, but in my opinion it is farre of. As the myners dygged 
 the fuperficiall or vppermofl parte of the larthe of the inynes, durynge for the fjace of vi. miles, and in dyuers 
 places fyfted the fame on the drye lande, they fownde fuch pli-ntie of golde, that euery hyred labourer could 
 eafely fynde euery ilay, the weyght of three drammes. Thefe mynes bciiige thus fearched and fownde, the 
 Lieuetenaunte certifyed the Admirall hereof by his letters. The which when he hail receaued the. v. daye of the 
 Ides of Marche. Anno. 1495. 1'^' entered into his newe fliippes, and tooke his viage directly to Spayne to aduertife 
 the kynge of all his affayres, Icauinge the hole regiment of tlie Hand with his brother the Lieuetenaunte, 
 
 €1 The fyfte rooke of the fyrst decade, 
 to LodoLiikc Caydiiiall 0/ AvsLgomc. 
 
 Fter the Admyralles departyng into Spain his Brother the Lieuetenaunte, buylded a fort[r]e(re 
 in the golde mynes, as he had commaunded hym. This he cauled the golden towre, 
 bycaufe the labourers fownde golde in the earth and ftonc wherof they made the waules of 
 the fortrelTc. He confumed three monethes in makynge the inflrumentes whcrwith the 
 gt)lde fliulde bee gathered, waflied, tryed, and molten. Yet was he at this tyme by reafon 
 of wante of vitayles, enforced to leaue all thynges inijierfccte, and to goo feeke for meate. 
 Thus as he with a bande of armed men, had entered three fcore mylej further within the 
 lande, the people of the countrey here and there refortynge to hym, gaue hym a certen portion of theyr breade 
 in exchange for other of owre thynges. But he coulde not long tary here, bicaufe they lacked meate in the 
 fortrefle, whyther he haded with fuch as he had now gotten. Leauyng thcrfore in the fortreffe a garryfon of 
 tenne men, with that portion of the Ilande breade whiche yet remayned, leauynge alfo with them a hownde 
 to take thofe kyndes of lyttle beafles which they caule Vfias. not muche vnlyke owre conyes, he returned to 
 the fortrefle of Conception. This alfo, was the moonthe wherin the kynge Giiaiionexius, and alfo 
 Manicautexius, bortherer vnto hym, fluilde haue brought in theyr tributes. Remaynynge there the hole 
 moonthe of June, he exacted the hole tribute of thefe twoo kinges, and vytayles neceffary for hym 
 and fuche as he brought with hym, whiche were abow' foure hundreth in number. Shortely after, abowte 
 the calendes of lulye, there came three Carauelcs from Spayne, bringynge with them fundry kyndes of 
 vitayles, as wheate, oyle, wyne, bacon, and marckelmas beafe : whiche were dyuyded to euery man accord- 
 ynge as neede required. Sum alfo was lod in the rariage for lackc of good lookyng too. At the arryuall 
 of thefe fhyppes, the lieuetenaunte receaued commaundment from the kynge and the Admyrall his brother, that 
 he with his men fliulde rcmoue theyr habitation to the fowthe fyde of the Ilande, bycaufe it was nerer to the 
 golde mynes; Alfo that he fhouldc make dii gi nt fean he for thofe kynges whiche had flayne the Chridian men, 
 and to fende them with theyr confederatti, \y.i\ ad into Spayne. At the nexte vyage thcrfore, he fent three 
 hundreth captiues with three Kinges: And whi;n he had diligently fearched the coades of the fouth fyde, he 
 tranfported his habitation, and buylded ii fjrU.-lTe there, vpon the toppe of a hyll, neere vnto a fure hauen. 
 
 This fortrefle, he cauled faynt Dominikes towre. Into this hauen, nmneth a ryuer of holfome water, replenyflied 
 with fundrye kyndes of good fyfllies. They affyrme this ryuer to haue many benefytes of nature. For, where 
 fo euer it runneth all thynges are excedynge pleafaunte and fruitfull: hauynge on euery fyde, groues of date 
 trees, and dyuers other of the Ilande frutes fo plent}lully, that as they fayled alonge by the (hore, often tymes 
 the branches therof laden with flowrcs and fruites, hunge foo ouer theyr heades, that they mi(,.ite plucke them 
 with theyr handes. Alfo that the frutefulnes of this grownde, is eyther equall with the loyle of Ifabella, or 
 better. In JfabcUa, he lefte only certeync ficke men and fliippe wrightes, whom he had appointed to make 
 certeyne carauels The refidue of his men, he conueighed to the fowth, to faint Dominickes towre. After he 
 had buylded this fortrefle, leauinge therin a garryfon of. xx. men, he with the remanent of his fouldiers, prepared 
 
 1^1 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 83 
 
 them felues to fearche the inner partes of the Wcdc fydo of the Ilande, hytherto knowen onely by name. 
 Thcrforc abowte. xxx. lLM(|ues, (that is) foure fcorc and tonne myles from the fortreflTe, he chaunccd on the 
 ryucr Naiba, wluche we faydo to ilcfccndc from the mountaynes of Cibaiui, ryuht towarde the fowili, by the 
 myddeft of the Hand. When he had ouerpaflcd this ryuer with a coompanye of armed men diuided into. xxv. 
 decurions, that is, tenne in a company witii theyr capitayncs, he fent two decurions to tiie regions of thofe 
 kingcs in whofe landcs were the great woods of lirafile trees. Inclyningc towarde the leftc liaiide, they fownde 
 the woodes, entereti into them, and felled the hygh and precious trees, which were to that d.ay. vntoudied. 
 F.che of the decurions fylled certeyne of the Ilande howfes with the trunkcs of brafile, there to be referued 
 vntyll the fliyppes came which fluilcle cary them away. Hut the I.ieuetenaunt dirci tinge his iourncy towarde 
 the ryght hanile, not farre from the bankes of the ryuer of A^ailui, fownde a certeyne kynge whofe name was 
 Beucliius Aiiacauihoa, encamped ageynfl th[e]inhabitantcs of the prouince of Naiba, to fubtlue them vnder his 
 dominion, as he had doone manye other kynges of the Ilande, bortherers vnto hypi : The palaice of this great 
 kynge, is cauled Xaragita: and is fituate towarile the WVflc cnde of the Ila'ule, diflante from the ryuer of 
 lYaiba. x.\.x. leaques. All the prynces which dwell betwene the Wefle end j and his palaice, are ditionaries 
 vnto hym. All that Region from Naiba, to the furthelle marches of the wefle, is vtterly withowte golde, 
 althowgh it bee full of mountaynes. WhiMi the kynge had efpieil owre men, layinge a parte his weapons, and 
 gyuinge fignes of peace, he fpake genteliy to them, (incerteyne whether it were of humanitie or feare) and 
 demaunded of them what they woolde haue. The I.ieuetenaunte aunfwered: That he fluilde paye tribute to 
 the Admirall his brother, in the name of the Chridian kynge of Si)ayne. To whom he fayde: Howe can yowc 
 re(iuyre that of me, whereas neuer a Region vnder my dominion bringeth foorth golde. For he had harde, 
 tliat there was a llrange nation entered into the Ilande, whiche made greate fearche for golde. IJut he fuppofed 
 that they defyred none other thynge. The leauetenaunt anfwered ageyne : God forhydde that we Huilde enioyne 
 any man to pay fuch tribute as he myght not eafely forbeare, or fuch as were not engendered or growinge in the 
 Region: But we vnderfland that your Regions brynge foorth great plentie of GofTampine cotton, and liempe, 
 with fuche other, whereof we defyre yowe to gyue vs parte. AVhen he harde thefe woordes, he promyfetl with 
 cherefuU countenaunce, to gyue hym as muche of thefe thynges as he wolde requyre. Thus difmidrnge his 
 army, and fendynge meffengers beeforo, he hym felfe accoompanyed the Leauetenaunte and browght hym to 
 his palaice, beinge dyftante (as we Iiaue fayde). xxx. leaques. In al this tracte, they pafled throwgh the luris- 
 diction of other princes beinge vnder his dominion : Of the whiche, fume gaue them hempe, of no lelTe goodnes 
 to make tackelinges for fliippes then owre woodde. Other fume, browght breade, and fum gofllimpyne cotton : 
 .\nd foo euery of them payde tribute with fuche commodities as theyr countreys browght foorth. At the lengthe 
 they came to the kinges manfion place of Xaragtia. Before they entered into the palaice, a greate multitude 
 of the kynges feruauntes and fubiectes reforted to the courte, honorably (after their maner) to receaue theyr 
 kyng Baichim Anacauchoa, with the flrangcrs which he browght with hym to fe the magnificence of his courte. 
 But nowe fliall yowe heare howe they were interteyned. Amonge other tryumphes and fyghtes, two are 
 efpecially to bee noted. Fyrfle there mette them a company o<". xxx. women, beinge al the kynges wyues and 
 concubines, bearinge in theyr handes branches of date trees, finginge and daunfinge : They were all naked, 
 fauynge that theyT pryuie partes were couered with breeches of goflampine cotton. But the virgins, hauynge 
 theyr heare hangynge downe abowte their fliulders, tyed abowte the foreheade with a fyllet, were vtterly naked. 
 They affirme that theyr faces, breftes, pappes, handes, and other partes of theyr bodyes, were excedynge fmoothe, 
 and well proportioned : but fumwhat inclyning to a louely brown. They fuppofed that they had feene thofe 
 mod beawtyfuU Dryades, or the natyue nymphes or fayres of the fontaynes wherof the antiquites fpeake fo 
 muche. The branches of date trees which they bore in theyr right handes when they daunced, they delyuered 
 to the Leauetenaunt with lowe curtefy and fmylynge countenaunce. Thus enteringe into the kynges howfe, 
 they fownde a delycate fupper prepared for them after theyr maner. WTien they were well refreflied with 
 meate, the nyght drawinge on, they were browght by the kynges officers, euery man to his lodginge, accordyng 
 to hii degree, in certeyne of theyr howfes abowte the palaice, where they refled them in hangynge beddes 
 after the maner of the countrey, wherof we haue fpoken more largely in an other place. 
 
 C The daye folowyng they browght owre men to their common haule, into the whiche they coome together 
 as often as they make any notable games or triumphes, as we haue faid before. Here, after many daunfynges, 
 fynginges, mafkinges, nmnynges, wrefllynges, and other tryinge of mailryes, foodenly there appered in a large 
 plaine nere vnto the haule. ii. greate armies of men of warre, whiche the kynge for his paflyme had caufed to bee 
 prepared, as the Spaniardes vfe the playe with reedes vhiche they caule luga de Canias. As the armies drewe 
 neere together, they affayled the one the other as fierfely, as if mortal enncmies with theyr baners fpleade, (hulde 
 fight for theyr goodes, theyr landes, theyr lyues, their libertie, theyr countrey, theyT wyues and theyr chyldren. Soo 
 that within the momente of an ho>vre, foure men were flayne, and many wounded. The battayle alfo fhoulde haue 
 contynued longer, if the kynge had not at the requeft of owre men, caufed them to ceafe. The thyrde day, the 
 
 the ryuer uf 
 
 WootMe^ nf 
 hraktle trees. 
 
 Kin(re nettrhiui 
 Anacauchoa. 
 The palaice 
 of xaragux 
 
 Mountayneft 
 without gold 
 
 Tribulc. 
 
 The woolfe 
 entr^ateth the 
 ihccpe. 
 
 li> .iiL'c and 
 gus^ampine cottoiv 
 
 Howe the 
 l.icuetcnant wa!i 
 receaued at the 
 kynges palaice. 
 
 The kyngebwyues. 
 
 Well fauercJ 
 women. 
 
 Dryades. 
 24 
 
 A delicate supper. 
 
 Hangings beddes. 
 
 A common liaulc. 
 
 A pretie pastymc. 
 
 Foure men slaine 
 in sport 
 
r^ 
 
 ■ itnAiittlnfitfil 
 
 84 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 
 Prouision for 
 diseased men 
 
 The castels or 
 towrcs of 
 hispaniolx 
 
 The golden 
 mountaynes 
 of Cibaua. 
 
 Bonauum 
 
 Tribute. 
 
 The kynges 
 rebelle. 
 
 Guarionextus 
 
 capitaine of 
 the conspiracie. 
 
 An army of xv. 
 
 thousande 
 
 Barbarians. 
 
 25 
 
 The kynges are 
 taken prisoners. 
 
 Kynje 
 Guarionextus 
 is pardoned. 
 
 Lackeof vyt.iyleb. 
 
 Heuchius 
 Anacauchoa, tlic 
 kynge of Xaragua. 
 
 Lieuetcnant confclynge the kynge to fowe more plentie of goflanipine vppon the bankes ncre vnto the waters 
 fyde, that they myghte tlic better jiaye thcyr tribute priuatcly accordynge to tlie muhitude of thcyr howfes, he 
 repayTed to Jfabclla to vyfite the ficko men whiclie he had lefte there, and alfo to fee howe his woorkes wente for- 
 warde. In the tyme of his abfence. xxx. of his men were confunied with diuerfe difcafes. Wherfore beinge fore 
 trowbled in liis mynde, and in maner at his wyttcs ende what he ,vere bed to doo, for as muche as he wanted al 
 thyngcs necelTarie as well to reflore them to healthe whiche were yet acrafed, as alfo vitayles to mayntaine the 
 hole multitude, where as there was yet no fliijipe coonie from Spaine, as at the length he detcrmyned to fende 
 abrode the ficke men h'Tc and there to iundr}'e Regions of the Ibnde, and to the caflcUes which they had 
 crectc in the fame. For directly from the citie of Ifabella to faynt Dominikes towre, that is, from the north to 
 the fouth, throwgh the Hand, they had buylded thus many caflelles. Fyrfte. xxxvi. myles diflante from Ifabella, 
 they buylded the caflell of S/craiilia, from S/>craiifia. xxv. myles, was the caftell of faynte Catharine, from faynte 
 Catharines, xx. myles, was faynt lames towre. Other, xx. miles from fa)nte lames towre, was a (Ironger 
 fortreffe then an)' of the other, which they cauled the towre of Conception: which he made the flronger bicaufe it 
 was fituate at the rootes of the golden mountaynes of Cibaua, in the greate and large playne foo fruitefuU and 
 well inhabited as we haue before defcribed. He buylded alfo an other in the mydde waye betwene the towre 
 of Conccjition and faynt Dominikes towre. The which alfo was flronger then the towre of Conception, bycaufe 
 it was within the lyniittes of a great kynge, hauinge vnder his dominion flue thowfande men : whofe chiefe Citie 
 and hcade of the Realme, beynge cauled JSotiaiiiim, he wylled that the caflell fliulde alfo bee cauled after the 
 fame name. Therforc lenuynge the fickc men in thefe cartels and other of the Ilande howfes nere vnto the fame, 
 he hym fclfe repayrcd to foyntc Dominikes, exactinge tributes of all the kynges whiche were in his waye. \Vlien 
 he had tarjed there a fewe dajes, there was a rumor f;)redde, that all the kynges abowte the borders of the 
 towre of Conception, had confpyred with dcfperate m)-ndes to rebcU agenfle the Spaniardes. "When the 
 Lieuetenaunte was certified hereof, he tooke his iorneye towarde them immediately, not beyng difcoraged eyther 
 by the lengthe of the waye, or feeblencffe of his louldyers, beynge in maner forweried with trauayle. As he 
 drewe nere \nto ihem, he had aduertifement that kynge Guni-ioiirxius was cliofen by the other prynces to bee 
 the Capitayne of this rebellion; And that he was enforfed therto halfc vnwilling, beynge feduced by theyr 
 perfwafions and prouocations. The whiche is more lykely to be trewe, for that he had before had experience of 
 tho power and policie of owre men. They came together at a daye appoynted, accoompanied with. xv. 
 thoudinde men, armed after tiieir manor, once agen to ])roue the fortune of warre. Here the Lieuetenaunte 
 confultynge with the Capitayne of the fortreffe and the other fouldiers of whom he had the conducte, determyned 
 to fette vpon them \nwares in their owne howfes before they coukle prepare theyr army. He fent foorthe 
 therfore to eucry kynge, a Centurian, that is, a capitaine of a hundreth, which were commaunded vppon a fudden 
 to inuade theyr howfes in the night, and to take them fleepinge, becfore the people (beinge fcatt'jred here and 
 there) might affomble togyther. Thus fecreatly enteringe into their vylages, not fortified with waule.^, trenches, or 
 buhvarkes, they broke in vppon them, tooke them, bounde them, and led away euery man his prifoner according 
 as they were commaunded. The I.ieuetenaunt hym felfe with his hundreth men, affayled kynge Giiarionexiiis 
 as the woorthier perfonage, whom he tooke pryfoner as dyd the other cajjitaynes theyr kynges, and at the fame 
 howrc appoynted. Foureteene of iheym were browght the fame nyght to the towre of Concejition. Shortlye after, 
 when he had put Ic death two of the kynges which were the chiefe autours of this newe reuolte, and had fuborned 
 Giiarioncxiiis and the other k)nges to attempte the fame: lead the people for forowe of theyr kynges (hukle 
 neglecte or forfake their countrey, whiche thinge myght haue byn greate incommoditie to owre men, who by 
 th[c]increafe of theyr fecdcs and fruites were oftentymes ayded, he freely pardoned and difmiffed Guarionexius 
 and the other kynges. The iieo'ile in the meane tyme flocked togyther abowte the towre, to the nomber 
 of fyue thowfande withowte weapons, with pytiful houling for the delyueraunce of theyr kynges: The ayer 
 thundered, and the earth trembeleu throwgh the vehemencie of theyr owtcry The Licuetenaunt warned 
 Guarionexius and the other kynges, with threatenynges, with rewardes, and with promyfes, neuer hereafter to 
 attempte any fuche thynge. Then Guarionexius made an oration to the people of the gre.it power of owre men, 
 of theyr clemencie towarde offenders, and liberalilie to fuche as remayne faithfull: defjTingc them to (juiet the)T 
 myndes: and from henfefoorth nother in deede nor thowght to interpryfe any thynge ageynfl the Chriflians, but 
 to obeye and ferue them, excepte they wolde ilayly brynge them felues into further calamyties. When the 
 oration was fynyflic ', they tooke hym vp and fet hym on theyr fliulders, and foo caryed hym home to his owne 
 palaice. And by this meanes, this Region was ])acified for a whyle. Hut owre men, with heauy countenaunce, 
 wandered vppe and downe, as defolate in a ffrange countrey, lackinge vytailes, and worne owte of apparell, 
 whereas, xv. moonethes were nowe paffed fence the Admirals departure : duringe which tyme, they coulde heare 
 nothynge owte of Spayne. The Leauetenaunt comforted them all that he coulde with fayre wordes and promyfes. 
 In tlie meane tyme, Bcuchius Anacauchoa, the kynge of the Wefle partes of the Region o{ Xaragua (of whom 
 we fpal-e before) fente nieffengers to the l.ieuetinaunt to fignifye vnto hyni, that he haddc in a redyncs the 
 
Thefyrjl Decade. 
 
 85 
 
 I Qiieciie Aii.tcaonn, 
 the wife of kyngo 
 Caiitiabua. 
 
 AX\ii. kyiigcs. 
 
 Serpt'tucs c.iten. 
 
 26 
 
 The <lru>Miit' itf 
 SLrpciitL'S tu be 
 eatun. 
 
 i Scrpcnlcs 
 egges eaten 
 
 Oos-^ampine 
 cattun. 
 
 golTampine cotton and fuche other thinges as he wylled hyni to prepare for the paymente of his tryb)ite. 
 Whervppon the Lieuetenaiint tooke his iorney thyther, and was honorably rcceaued of the kynge and his fyflcr, 
 fumtyme the wyfe of Caunaboa the kynge of Cibaiia, bearing no lefle nile in the gouernaunce of her brothers 
 kyngedome, then he hym felfe. For they affinne her to bee a wyfe woman, of good maners, and plcafaunt in 
 company. Shee emeflly perfuaded her brother by th[e]example of Iier liufbande, to lone and obeye tlie 
 Chriflians. This woman was cauled Aiiaaioiia. He fownde in the palaice of Bauhius Anacauchoa. xxxii. 
 kynges whiche hadde Ijrowglit theyr tributes witii them, and abode his commingc. They browght with them 
 alfo befyde theyr trybute affigncd them, further to demerite the fouour of owre men, great jjlentie of vytayles : 
 as bothe kyndes of breade, cunnyes, and fyfflies, alredy dryed bycaufe they fluilde not putrifie : Serpentes alfo 
 of that kynd which wee fayd to bee efleemed amonge them as mod delicate meate, and lyke vnto Crocodiles 
 fauing in byggenes. Thefe ferpentes they caule Iiiaiiiias, which owre men learned fumewhat to late to haue byn 
 engendred in the Ilande. For vnto that daj, none of them durfle aduenture to tafte of them by reafon 
 of theyr horrible defomiitic and lotlicfiimnes. Yet the Lieuetenaiint beinge entyfed by the pleafantnes 
 01 the kynges fyfler, determined to taRe of the ferpentes. But when he fcltc the fleflic therof to bee fo 
 delicate to his tonge, he fel too, amayne without al feare. The which thinge his coompanyons perceauinge, 
 were not behynde hym in greedines: In foo muche-that they hadde nowe none other talke then of the 
 fweetenes of thefe ferpentes: which theyaffymie to bee of more pleafaunte tafle, then eyther owre phefauntes 
 or pertriches. But they lofe theyr tafle, excepte they bee prepared after a certeyne faffliion : as doo peacockes 
 and phefauntes except they bee interlarded beefore they bee rofled. Tiiey prejjare them therefore after this 
 maner. FyrR takynge owte theyr bowels euen from the throte to the thyghcs, they waflie and rubbc theyr 
 bodies very cleane bothe within and withowte. Then rouling them togyther on a cyrcle, inuolued after the 
 maner of a flepynge fniike, they thruRe them into a potte of no bygger capacitie then to houlde them only. 
 This doone, puttinge a lyttle water vnto them with a portion of the Ilande i)Ci)per, they feethe them with a 
 foft fyerof fweete woodde, and fuche as maketh no greate fmoke. Of the fiit of them beinge thus fodile, is made 
 an excedinge pleafaunte brothe or potage. They fay alfo, that there is no meate to bee compared to the egges 
 of thefe ferpentes, which they vfe to feethe by them felues. They are good to bee eaten as fone as they are 
 fodde: And may alfo bee referued many dayes after. But hauinge (liyde thus muche of theyr intertaynement 
 and daintie fiire, let vs nowe fpeake of other matters. When the Lieuetenaunt had fylled one of the Ilande 
 howfes with the goffampine cotton which he hadde receaued for trybute, the kynges promyfcd furthermore to 
 gyue hym as muche of theyr breade, as he wolde demaunde. He gaue them hartie thankes and gentely 
 accepted theyr freendly profer. In the meanc time whyle this breaile \\as gatlieringe in fundi)' Regions to bee 
 browght to the palaice of Bauhius Amiaiiii/ioa kynge of Xani.;ihi, he fetit meflengeis to Idibella for one of the 
 two carauclles which were l-'^'y made there: intendinge to fende the fame tliythcr ageyne laden with breade. 
 The niaryners gladde of thefe t)dyngc.-., fayled abowte the Ilande, and in fliort fi^acc browght the fliippe to the 
 coaRes o{ Xarai;i(a. The fyRer o^Vyngt Bciic/iiiis A>uuauc/wa,\.\\a.\. wyfe and pleafaunt woman Aiiaaioiia, (the 
 wyfe fumtyme of Cdiinabc'a the kynge of the golden howfe of the mountaynes of Cibaua, whose hufbande dyed in 
 tlie way when he fliulde haue byn car)-ed into Spayne,) when lliee liarde faye that owre lli)-ppe was arryued on 
 the fliore of her natiue countrey, perfuaded the kynge her brother that they bothe myght goo tog)'ther to fee it. 
 For the place where the fhyppc lay, was not paRe. vi. myles diRante from Xaragiia. They rcRed all night, in 
 the niydde way, in a certeyne vyllage in the which was the treafur)e or iewell howfe of A/htuw/ia. Her 
 treafure was nother goulde, fyluer, or precious Rones, but only thyngcs neceffary to bee vfed, as cheyars, 
 Roolcs, fettels, dyfflies, jrotingers, pottes, pannes, bafons, trcy^s, and fuche other howfliolde Ruffe and inRni- 
 mentes, workemanly made of a certeyne blacke and bar 'e Riyninge woodde which that excellent Icrned phifition 
 John baptiRe Elifius, affirmeth to bee hebene. What 10 euer portion of wytte nature hath gyuen to the inhabi- 
 tantes of thefe Ilandes, die fame doth im,' :ippeare 'n thefe kynde of woorkes, in whiche they flicwe great arte 
 and cunnyng. But thofe whicn this woman had, wen; made in tlie Hand of Guiviabba, fitu.ito in the mouth of 
 the weR'j lyde of Hijpa:''c.'a. In thefe they graue the lyuely Images of fuch phantafies as they fuppoie they 
 fee v.aike by night which die .Vntitiuitie cauled La.iura. Alfo tiie Ini.iges of men, lerpents, beaRes, and what 
 foo euer other thyng they 1. me once feene. What wolde yowe thinke (moR noble Prynce) that they coulde 
 doo, if they had the vfe of Iroi and Reele? For they onely fyrRe make thefe fofte in the fyie, and afterwarde 
 make them holowe and cavue them with a (\;rteyne Rone whicii they fynde in the ryuers. Of Rooles and 
 ih.ayers, fliee gaue the Lieuetenaunt. xiiii. Vnd of veRelles pertcynynge to the table and kychen, fliee gaue hym 
 three fcore, fum of wood and fume of earthe. Alfo of golTampine cotton ready fpunne foure great bottomes of 
 e.xredinge weight. The day folowiiig when they came lo the fea fyde, where was an otlicr vyl.ige (if the kynges, 
 1: Lieuetenaunt conimaunded the Riyppe boat to bee iirowght to the flioie. The kyng alfo had preiiared two 
 canoas, jjaynted after thejT maner: o le for hym felfe ami certeyne of his genlelmen: an other for his fyRer 
 Anaciwna and her waytinge women. But Anaaiona defyred 10 bee carieil in the fliyppe boate with the 
 
 K .• I, 
 
 Qucciit; Anacaona 
 
 The trea«:uric nf 
 (Jiiccnt; AiKRaona 
 
 Ilcbcne wooilc. 
 
 The Ilande of 
 Giiaiiabbn 
 
 : ConningeartiftL*;i> 
 
 1 A Mi-nc iri (he 
 hlccdt; uf Ircn 
 
86 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 Ill 
 
 if 
 
 27 
 
 Miisic:il 
 instniincntcs. 
 Ignorance causelh 
 auniiration. 
 
 Koldanus 
 
 Xcinlnus. 
 
 The intcmperancic 
 
 and malice of a 
 
 seruilc wittc 
 
 aduaunccd. 
 
 Ciguaians. 
 
 Maioljancxim, the 
 prcal kyiii;c of 
 tlic iiiouiil.iynes 
 
 Tlie inli;i1iytaiiti.'s 
 of the niutintayncs. 
 
 Giiarioiicxiiis 
 rtibellcth ageync. 
 
 K"Id.irnis 
 XemiiiusrebcllLlli 
 
 28 
 
 Licencinusnes 
 in libcrtic 
 
 Hercules pyllers. 
 A violente 
 persasion. 
 
 Licuetenaunte. When they nowe approched nere vnto the fli>'ppe, certeyne great pieces of ordinaunce were 
 difcharged of purijofe. The fea was fyllcd with thunder, and the ayer with fmooke. They trembled and 
 quaked for feare, fuppofinge that tlie frame of the world had byn in danger of fauling. But when they fawe 
 the Lieuetenaunte lawgli, and looke chercfuUy on them, they cauled ageyne theyr fpirites. And when 
 they yet drewe nerer to the fliippe, and harde the noyfe of the fluites, fhalmes, and drummes, they 
 were wonderfully aflonycd at the fweete harmony therof Enterynge into the fhyppe and behold' nge the foie- 
 (hippe and the (lerne, the toppe caflcl, the made, the hatches, the cabens, the keele, and the tackelinges, the 
 brother fixinge his eyes on the fyRer, and the fyfler on the brother, they were bothe as it were dumme and 
 amafed, and wyfte not what to faye for too muche wonderjTige. \\1i)Ie beholdinge thefe thinges they wandered 
 vp and downe the fliippe, the Lii'uetenaunt commaunded the ankc to bee loofcd, and the fades to be hoyfed 
 vp. Then we/e they further aRonyflied, when they fawe foo greate a mole, to moue as it were by it felfe, 
 without ores and withoui: the force of man. For there arofe from the earth fuche a wynde as a man woldehaue 
 wylhed for of purpofe. Yet furthermore, when they perceaued the fliyppe to moue fumtyme fonvarde and 
 fumtynie backewarde: fumtyme towarde the r}ght hande and fumtyme towarde the lefte, and that with one 
 \vynde and in maner at one infbnte, they were at theyr wattes ende for to muche admiracion. Thefe thynges 
 fyniflied and the fliyppes bei.ige laden with breade and fuche other rewardes, they beinge alfo rec ■ ^peufed 
 with other of owtc thynges, he difmiflcd not onely the kynge Beuchius Anacauchoa, and his fyfler, but iykewife 
 all theyr feruauntes and women replenyflied with ioye and woonderinge. After this, he hym felfe tooke his 
 iorney by foote with his fouldiers to the citie of Ifahella : where he was aduertifed that one Roldamis Ximaius, 
 a nawghty felowe, (whom before beinge his feruante, he had preferred to bee capitayne of the myners and 
 labourers, and after made hym a luilge in caufes of controuerfie) had vfcd hym felfe owtragioufly and was 
 malycioufly myndcd agcinfl hym, and further, the caufe of muche mifchiefe in his abfence. For kynge 
 Guarioncxius (wlio a whylc before was pardoned of his former rebellion, and perfuaded the people to obeye the 
 Span)'ardes) was by his nawghty vfage, and fuche other as were confethered with hym, fo accenfed to reu';nv'e 
 the iniuries which they fufleyned at his handes, byfyde the abhominable actes which they folowynge one'/ the 
 lawe of nature, abhorred to admytte, that he with his famelie, famylyers, and ditionaries, of defperaiu li yfle 
 fleilde to tlie mountaynes beinge diflant from Jfabdla onely tenne leaques Weflwarde, towarde the nonl i :1c 
 of the fea. Thefe mountaynes, and alfo the inhabitantes of the fame they caule by one name Cigiiatos. T'i 
 greate kyng of al the kyngcs and regions of tliefe niounLT.ync[s], is cauled Afaiobancxiiis: and his course or 
 palaice is named Capronus. The mountaynes are rowgh, hygh, and fuche as no man can paffe to the toppes 
 therof They are alfo bendynge : and liaue theyr comers rcachinge downe to the fea. Bctwene bothe the 
 corners of the mountaynes, is there a greate playne, by the which many riuers faule from the mountaynes into 
 the fea. The people are verye fierfe and warlyke men, hauing theyr original of the Canybales. For when they 
 defcendc from the mountaynes to the [jlayncs to keepe warre with theyr bortherers, they cate all fuche as they 
 kyll. Guarioncxius tlierfore, flyinge to this kyng of thefe mounta)Ties, gaue hym many prefentes of fuche 
 thynges as are wanlinge in his countrey: therwith tleclaringe howe vylely, vylaynoutly, and violently, he had 
 byn vfed of owre men: with whom he could nolhinge preuayle notlier by fayre meanes, nor by foule: nother 
 by humilytie nor by floutnes. .\nd that to bee the caufe of his rcforlinge to hym at that tyme: mofle humbly 
 defyring li)ni to bee his defence ageynR tli[e]opprefrions of fuche myfcheuous peojjle. Maici mcxius here 
 vppon, made hym promefle to ayde . -nl hclpe hym agcynfl the Chriflians al that he myght. The Lieurtenaunt 
 tlierfore made hafl to the fortreffe of Conception : whyther as foone as he was coome, he fcnt for AWtfauus 
 Xcminus, ^^ho with fuche as folowed hym, lay in certc)Tie of the Ilande \)lages, twelue miles diflant from the 
 fortres. At his coniniingc, the I.eauetcnaunt afktd hym what al thefe flurres and tumultes nient. He anfwered 
 without abafliement : Yowre brother the Adniirall hath to do thenvith, and Ihall anfwere for the fame before the 
 kynge. For we perceaue that the kynge hath foo put h)m in trufle, that he hath nadde no regarde to vs. 
 Here we peryflie for hunger whyle we folowe yowe : and are dryuen to feeke owre vnhappy foode in the defertes. 
 Yowre brother alfo, afTigned me alVillant with yowe in goueminge the Ilande. Wherfore fyth yowe haue no 
 more refpecte vnto vs, we are determyned noo longer to bee vnder yowre obedience. Wiien RolJaiius had 
 fpoken thefe wordes and fuche other, the Licuetenaunte woide haue layde handes on hym : but he efcaped 
 his fyngers, and fledde to the welle partes of the Region of Xariv^ua, hauinge with hym a trayne of 
 threefcore and tenne men whiche were of his confetheracie. Here this fylthy fynke of rebels thus confpired, 
 played their vages and lyued with loofe brydels in al kyndes of myfchefe, robb)aige the people, fpoylinge the 
 countrey, and rauyfliinge bothe wyues and virgines. \\"h)le thefe thynges were doing in tlie Ilande, the Adniirall 
 hadde eyght fliypi)es ajjpoyntcd hym by the kin^-j; t)f liiu whiche he fcnt two '.iden with vitayles, from Calesox 
 Cth/iS of Hercules pyllers, directly to the I.ieuetenaunt his brotlier. Thefe fli;,"nes by chaunce arryued fyrfl on 
 that f)de of the Ilande where Rohtndus Xcminus rang'xl with his coonipanyons. Rolandus in fliorle tyme hadde 
 feduced them: promyfuige them in the fleade of ;nattockes, wenches pappes: for 'aboure, pleafure: for hunger, 
 
 86 
 
 "ii- 
 
 i%' 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 B7 
 
 
 t 
 
 abundance: and tor wear}'nes and watchinge, flccpc and quietnes. Guanoncxiiis in the meane tyme, afleniblynge 
 a power of his freendcs and confetherates, came oi'.ntyines downe into the playne, and flewe as many of the 
 Chriflian men, as he coulde meete conuenie: •>"■, 'rA •'Ifo of the Ilande mcnne wliiche were thcyr frecndes: 
 waflynge theyr grounde, deflroyinge theyr feedcs, and fpoyiinge thcyr vylagcs. But Rohlaiiiis and his adherentcs, 
 albeit they had knowle^ ■■; tliat tlie Admiral wolde fhortly coome, yet feared they nothynge bycaiife they had fcduccd 
 the newe menne wliiche came in the fyrfle (liii)i)es. Whyle the Lieuetenaunt was tiius toffcd in the middcR of 
 thefe flormes, in the meane tyme his brother the Admyrall fet forwarde from the coafles of Spayne: But not 
 directly to Ilifpaiiiola : For he turned more towarde the fouthe. In the which vyagc, what he dyd, what coaftos 
 bothe of the lande and fea he coompafed, and what newe regions he difcouered, wee ^vyl fyrfl declare. For to 
 what ende and conclvifion the fayde tumultes and feditions came, wee wyll exprefle in th[e]ende of the booke 
 folowynge. Thus fare ye well. 
 
 C The syxte booke of the fyrste decade, 
 fo Lodouike Cardina// of Arzigonie. 
 
 Oloiiiis the Admyral, the thyrde day of the Calendes of lune, in the yeare of Chride. i , r.3. 
 hoyfed vp his fayles in the hauen of the towne Barramcdabas, not farre didante from Calcs : 
 and fet for^varde on his wage with eyght fliippes laden with vytayles and other neccftarics. 
 He diuerted from his accuflomed rafv which was by the Ilandes of Canarie, by reafon of 
 certeyne frenchemen pirates and rouers on the fea, whiche laye in the ryght way to meete 
 with hym. In the way from Caks to the Ilandes of Canarie, abowte tbure fcorc and ten 
 mylcs towarde the lefte hande, is the Ilande oi Madcni, more fouthwarde then the citie of 
 Ciuik by foure degrees. For the pole artyke is eleuate to Ciuilc, xxxvi. degrees; But to this Hand (as the 
 mariners faye) only xxxii. He fayled therfore fyrRe to Madera. And fendinge from thenfe directly to 
 Hifpaniola, the refydue of the fliippes laden with vytayles and other neceffaries, he hym felfe with one fliyppe 
 with deckes, and two marchaunt carauelles coafled towarde the fouthe to coome to the E<jiiiiioctial lyne, and 
 fo furth to folowe the tracte of the fame towarde the Weft, to th[e]intent to fearche the natures of fuchc places 
 as he coulde fynde vnder or nere vnto the fame, leauinge Hifpaniola on the north fyde on his ryght hande. In 
 the myddle of his rafe, lye. xiii. Ilaiules of the Portugales, whiche were in owlde tyme cauled Hcfpcridcs : And 
 are now cauled Caput Viride, or Caboucrde. Thefe are fituate in the fea, r)'ght oucr ageynft the inner partes of 
 Ethiope, Wcftwarde two dayes faylinge. One of thefe the Portugales caule Bonaiiijla. With the fnayles, or rather 
 tortoyfes of this Ilande, many leprous men are healed and clenfed of theyr leprofitie. Dejiarting fodainly from henfc 
 by reafon of the contagioufnes of the ayre, he fayled. CCCCLXXX. [four hundred and eighty] myles towarde the 
 \Vf fte fouthweft, which is the inyddefl betwene the wefte and the fouthe. There was he fo vexed with maladies and 
 heate (for it was the moneth of lune) Uiat his fhyppes were almofte fette on fyre. The hoopes of his barrels cracked 
 and brake, and the frefihe water ranne owte. The men alfo complayned that they were not able to abyde that 
 e.':tremitie of heate. Here the northe pole was eleuate only. v. degrees from the Horizontall. For the fpace of. 
 ••ii! Jayes in the which he fuffered thefe cxtreniites, only the fyrft day was foyre: but all the other, clowdy and 
 / 'Tiy: yet neuertheleffe ferueiit I'otte. Wherefore it oftentymes repented hym not a little that euer he tooke 
 Jut way. Beinge tofled in thefe dangiours and vexations eyght contynuall dayes, at the lengthe an Eaflfoutheafte 
 ^■ mde arofe, and gaue a profperous blaflc to his fayles. Which •wj-nde folowinge directly towarde the wefte, he 
 f jw I'le '.he ftarr ; ouer that paralelle, placed in other order, and an other kynde of ayer, as the Admirall hym felfe 
 to'i' iiie. And they al aflirme, that within three dayes faylinge, they fownde mofte temperate and pleafounte 
 ayic. The Admirall alfo af.i.rmeth, that from the clime of the great heate and vnholfome ayer, he cuerafcended 
 by the backe of the fea, as it were by a hygh mountayne towarde heauen. Yet in all this tyme, coulde he not 
 once fee any lande. But at the length, the day before the Calendes of luly, the watcheman lookynge foorth of 
 the loppecaftell of the greateft fliyppe, cryed owte alowde for ioy that he cfjjyed three excedynge hyglie 
 mountaynes: Exhortinge his felowes to bee of good cheere, and put away all penfuienes. For they were very 
 heauy and forowfuli, as well for the greefe which they fiifteyned by reafon of th[e]intollerable heate, as alfo that 
 their frefhe water fayled them, which ranne owte at the ryftes of tlii; barels, caufed by extreme heate as we haue 
 fayde. Thus beinge wel conforted, they drewe to the lande. Yet at theyr fyrft approche, they coulde not arryue by 
 reafon of the fhalownes of the fea nere the fliore. Yet lookyng owte of theyr fliyppes, they might wel jjcrceaue 
 tlat the Region was inhabyted and well cultured. l''or they fawe very fayre gardens, and pleafaunte niedowes : 
 
 j The furie of 
 
 Tlic tliyr.lt: vy:igc 
 of Colonub tdc 
 Ailiniratl. 
 
 Krunclic iiu-M 
 pyr:ils, 
 
 ■riio U.iikI of 
 M.iUcia. 
 
 Tho A.liiiinil 
 [sliylcth to the 
 Kqiiiiioutiall. 
 
 xiii. Il.tndcs of 
 llcsperiile'^, tunv 
 cnulcd Cuboucrilo 
 
 Ilcalyngc of llic 
 IcpLT. 
 
 Contitfiions ayrc 
 and'ixtrc'jmclH.Mlc 
 
 'I'hc pole L'leiiatc. 
 V degrees. 
 
 29 
 
 Thcsi.irrcsphiC'jJ 
 in other order. 
 
 A se-T rysynj; lyke 
 a inouiitaync. 
 
 IIc.il.:cniMt!.lh.. 
 b irrcLs tu brckc. 
 
 , 
 
VT .' ii '-^^.UI.l MaH'igi 
 
 -r-r- 
 
 mm 
 
 88 
 
 The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 I' 
 
 w 
 
 I 
 
 Swetc snuours 
 procciutynge 
 fronie the lande. 
 
 ThellandofPuta. 
 
 People of fgoodjly 
 corporaturc and 
 longti Iieare ncre 
 the Eciiiinncti.ill. 
 
 The hi>;hi:r the 
 couldcr. 
 
 DiflTercnce 
 bctwcne people of 
 one clime. 
 Ethiopia. 
 
 Note the cause of 
 difference. 
 
 Music.'tl 
 iiistnuiicntes. 
 
 30 
 
 The violent course 
 of the water from 
 the Kaste to the 
 Weste. 
 
 The Koulfe cauled 
 Os iJraconis. 
 A cotitlict hetwene 
 the freshe water 
 and the sake. 
 
 A sea of fresh 
 water. 
 
 Marmasetii am] 
 monkeys. 
 
 frome the trees and herbes wherof, when the niornynge dewes beganne to ryfe, there proceaded manye fweete 
 fauoures. Twcntio niyles diflant frorii hcnfe, they chauncei' into a hauen, verye apte to harborowe fhi])i)es, but 
 it had no rj'uer ninninge into it. SayUngc on yet fumwhat Imilicr, he fownde at the lengtiie a commodious 
 hauen whcrin lie might rcpayrc his fliippes and make prouifion of frefflie water and fuell. Arenalis cauleth 
 this lande Puta. They fownd no houfes nere vnto tiie liauen: but innumerable flcppes of certein wilde beaftes 
 feete, of the which they fownde one deade much lyke a goate. 'J'he day folo^vynge, they fawe a Canoa 
 commynge a tarre of, hauinge in ii. xxiiii. younge men of godly corporature and high flature, al armed with 
 targets, bowes and arowes ''.'he hcare of thcyr beds, was longe and plaine, and cutte on the forheade much 
 after the maner of the Spanyardes. 'I'lieyr priuie partes were couercd with filiettes of goffamp)ne cotton, of 
 fundry coloures enterlaccd; And were befyde al ouer naked. Here the Admirall confideringe with hym felfe 
 the corporature of this people and nature of the lande, he beleaued the fame to bee foo much the nerer heauen 
 then other Regions of the fame paralclle, and further renioued from the groffe vapours of the ^■ales and mar}-fflies, 
 howe muche the hyghefle toppcs of the byggefl niountaynes are diflante from the deepe vales. Tor he erneftly 
 affirmeth, that in all that nauigation, he neuer wente owte of the paralelles of Ethiojje : So greate ditierence is 
 there betwene the nature of tli[c]inhabitantes and of the foyles of dyuers Regions all vnder one clyme or 
 paralelle: as is to fee bctwcne the people and regions being in the firme lande of Ethiope, and theyni of the 
 Ilandes vnder the fame clime, hauinge the pole flarre elcuate in the fame degree. For the Ethiopians are all 
 blacke, hauinge theyr heare curld more l)ke \\ ulle then heare. ]]ut thefe people of the Hand of Fiita (beinge 
 as I haue fajde vnder the cljme of Ethiope) are whyte, «ith longe heare, and of yelowe colour. Wherfore it is 
 apparente, the caufe of this foo greaie difference, to bee rather by the difpofition of the earthe, then conftitucion 
 of heauen. For wee k.y-we, th;K .""nowe fauleth on the niountaynes of the Eiiuinoctiall or bumte lyne, and the 
 fame to endure there continualh A 'c ';nowe lykewyfe that th[e]inhabitantes of the Regions farre diflante frome 
 that lyne towarde the northe, are n >vith greate heate. 
 
 f[ The Admiral that he myght .he younge men lu ].! Mi gcntelnes, fliewed them lokynge glaffes, 
 
 fayre and bright veffelles of co]i[)cr, b.r s belles, and fuche other thynges vnknowen to them. But the more 
 they were cauleil, fo much the more they fufpectcd crafte and deceate, and fledde backewarde. Vet dyd they 
 with greate admiracion Ijeholde owre men and the)-r thynges, but flyll hauinge their ores in theyr handes redy 
 to flye. AVhen the Admirall fawe that he coulde by no meanes allure them by gyftes, he thought to proue what 
 he coulde do with mulkall inftrumentes : and therefore commaunded that they which were in the greateft (hippe, 
 fliulde play on theyr drummes and flialmes. ]5ut the younge men fui)polinge this to bee a token of battayle, 
 lefte theyr ores, and in the t\vyn[k]l}nge of an eye hadde put theyr arrowes in theyr bowes and the)T targettes 
 on theyr amies : And thus directinge theyr arrowes towarde owre men, Roode in e.xpectacion to knowe what 
 this noyfe in)ght meane. Owre men 1) kewife i)reparinge theyr bowes and arrowes, approched toward them by 
 lyttle and Ijttle. But they departinge from the Admirals fliippe, and truftinge to the dexteritie of theyr ores 
 came foo neare one of the leffe fliii)pes, that one of theyni plucked tlie cloke from the gouernour of that (hippe, 
 and as wel as they coulde by fignes, requyred hym to coome alande, promyfuige feyth that they wolde common 
 with hym of peace. But when tliey fawe hym goo to the Admirals fliippe whether he went to afl<e leaue that 
 he might common with them, fufpectinge hcareby fume further deceate, they lept immediatly into the Canoa, 
 and tledde as fwyft as the w)nile. So that to conclude, they coulde by no meanes be allured to faniiliaritie. 
 \\'herfore the Admiral! thowght it not conuenient to beilowe any longe tynie there, at this \'yage. No greate 
 fpace frome this Ilande, euer towarde the wefle, the Admirall faith he fownde fo owteragious a faule of water, 
 runninge with fuch a violence from the I'-afle to the Wede, that it was nothynge inferioure to a mjghty (Ireame 
 faulynge from hyghe niountaynes. He alfo confeffed, that fince the fyrft daye that euer he knewe what the fea 
 mentc, h*; was neuer in fuche feare. I'roccadinge yet fumwhat further in this daungerous vyage, he fownde 
 certeyr.e goulfes of viii. niyles, as it had byn the[e]nteraunce of fume greate hauen, into the which, the fayde 
 violent (Ireames dyd faule. Thefe goulfes or (Ireyghtes, he cauled Os Draconis, that is, the dragons mouth. 
 And the Hand directly ouer ageynfle the time, he named Margarita. Owte of thefe ftreyghtes, iffhewed no 
 lefle force of frefflie water : whiche encountering!.' with the faulte, dytl ftryue to pafle foorth : Soo that betwene 
 bothe the waters, was no fmaule conflict. But (.nteringe into the goulfe, at the lengthe he fownde the water 
 tlierof very frefflie and good to dr) like. The .Vdmyrall h)ni felfe, and they which were his companions in this 
 vyage, beinge men of good credit, and perceauinge my diligence in fearchiiige for thefe matters, tow'ide me yet 
 of a greater thynge. That is, that for the fpace of xxvi. lea(iues, aniountynge to a hundreth and foure myles, he 
 fayled euer by freflie water: In fo niudie. that the further he proceaded, efpecially towaniv the weft, he affirm- 
 eth the water to bee the frefflier. After this, he came to a liighe mountayne, inhabited onely with moonkeys or 
 marniafits on that jiart towarde the P".aft. l'"or that fyde was rowgh with rockye and fl.ony mountains : And ther- 
 fore not inhabyttd with nieii. \'et they that went alande to fearche the countrey, fownde nere vnto the fea, 
 many ftiyre fieldes well tylled and fowen : But noo peoijle, nor yet houfes or cotages. I'arhappes they were 
 
 <i9 
 
The fyrjt Decade. 
 
 89 
 
 gone further into the countrey to fowe theyr come and applye theyr hufbandry, as wee often fee owre hufbande 
 men to leaue theyr ftations and vylages for the fame purpofe. In the wefle fydc of that mountajne, tlicy 
 efpyed a large playne, whither tiiey made hafte, and cafl anker in the brode ryuer. As foone as tlie iiihabi- 
 tantes had knowleage that u llrange nation was arryued in theyr coafles, tliey came ilockinge withowte all feare 
 to fee owre men. We \nderflode by theyr fygnes and poyntynges, that this Region was cauled Faria : and 
 that it was very large : In fo niuche that the further it rcacheth towarde the weRe, to be fo miiche the better 
 inhabited and repleniflied with people. The Admiral tlierfore, takynge into his fliyppe foure of the men of 
 that lande, fearched the wefle partes of the fame. By the temperatenes of the ayer, the pleafauntnes of the 
 grownde, and the multytude of people which they faw dayly more and more as they fayled, they coniectured 
 that thefe thynges portended fum great matter : As in deede their opinion fayled them not, as we wyll 
 further declare in his place. The foonne not yet ryfen, but beginninge euen now to ryfe, beinge one day allured 
 by the pleafauntnes of the place and fweete fauours which breathed from the land to the fliippes, they went 
 alande. Here they fownde a greater multytude of peo[)le then in any other place. As owre men approc;hed 
 towarde them, there came certeine meffengers from their Cacid, that is, the kynges of the countrey, to defjTe 
 the Admirall in the name of theyr princes to coome to theyr palayces withowte feare, and that they and al 
 theyrs fhulde bee at his coramaundement. When the Admirall had thanked them and made his excufe for 
 that tyme, there came innumerable people with theyr boates to the fliippes : hauyng for the mofl parte cheynes 
 abowte theyr neckes, garlandes on theyr heades, and brafelettes on theyr armes of pearles of India : And that 
 fo commonlye, that owre women in playes and tryumphes haue not greater plentie of flones of glaffe and cryflall 
 in theyr garlandes, crownes, gerdels, and fuche other tyrementes. Beinge afked where they gathered them, 
 they poynted to the ne.xt fhore by the fea bankes. They fignitled alfo by certeyne fcorneful gieftures which 
 they made with theyr mouthes and handes, that they nothyng efleemed perles. Taking alfo bafkettes in theyr 
 handes, they made fignes that the fame might bee fylled with them in fhorte fpace. But bycaufe the come 
 wherwith his fhyppes were laden to bee caryed into Hifpaniola, had taken hurt by reafon of the falte water, he 
 determined to deferre this marte to a more conuenient tyme. Yet he fent to lande two of the fliippe boates 
 laden with men, to th[e]intent to fetch fum garlandes of perles for exchange of our thynges, and alfo fumwhat 
 to fearche the nature of the Region and difpofition of the people. They enterteyned owr men gentelly: and 
 came flockynge to them by heapes, as it hadde byn to 'leholde fume flraunge monflers. Fyrfle there came to 
 meete owre men, two men of grauitie, whome the muK..ude folowed. One of thefe was well in age, and the 
 other but younge. They thinke it was the fither with his foonne whiche fluilde fuccede hym. When the one 
 had faluted and embrafed the other, they browght owre men into a certeyne rowndo howfe, nere vnto the 
 whiche, war. a greate courte. Hether were browght many chayers and flooles made of a certeyne blacke woodde, 
 and very coonningely wrowght. .\fter that owre men, and theyr Princes were fette, theyr wayting men came in 
 laden, fume with fundry delicate dyfflies, and fume with wyne. But theyr meate, was only fruites : and thofe 
 of dyuers kyndes and vtterly vnknowen to vs. Theyr wyne was both whyte and redde : not made of grapes, 
 but of the lycour of dyuers fruites, and very pleafaunte in drynkynge. After this banquette made in the owlde 
 mans howfe, the younge man browght them to his tabernacle or mancion place, where was a greate coompany 
 bothe of men and women, but they lloode deceauered the one from the other. 'I'hey are whyte, euen as owre 
 men are, fauynge fuche as are much conuerfant in the fonne. They are alfo very gentyll, and full of humanitie 
 towarde flrangiers. They coouer theyr prjuio partes with goffampine cotton wrowght with fundry coloures: 
 and are befyde all naked. There was fewe or none, that had not eyther a coller, a cheyne, or a brafelette of 
 golde and pearles, and many had all. Beinge alked where they had that golde, they poynted to certeyne 
 mountaynes, feemynge with theyr countenaunce to difTuade owre men from goinge thyther. For puttinge theyr 
 armes in theyr mouthes, antl grynninge as thowgh they bytte the fime, flylle poyntinge to the mountaynes, they 
 feemed to infmuate that men were eaten there : But whether they mente by the Canibales, or wylde beafles 
 owre men cowlde not well perceaue. They tooke it excedinge greeuouflye, that they coulde nother vnderflande 
 owre men, nor owre men them. W hen they which were fente to lande, were returned to the fliippes abowte 
 three of the clocke at after noone the fame da)e, bringinge with them certeyne garlandes and coUers of pearles, 
 they loofed theyr ankers to departe, myndinge to coome ageyne fliortly, when all thynges wi;re fette in good 
 order in Hifpaniola. But he was preuented by an other, which defeated hym of the rewaivle of his trauayle. 
 He was alfo hyndered at this tyme by reafon of the flialownes of the fea and I'iolcnt courfe of the water, which 
 with continual tofllng, broofeil the greatefl fliip as often as any great gale of wynde arofe. To auoyde the 
 daungiours of fuche flialowe places, and flielfes, he euer fent one of the fmauleft carauelles before, to try the 
 way with foundinge: and the byggef! fliyppes folowed liehynde. The Regions beinge in the large prouince of 
 Piiiia for the fpace of. CCXXX. [two hundred and thirty] myles, are cauled of th[e]inhabitantes, Ciiinana, and 
 Maiuuapaiia: from thefe regions dillant three fcore leac|iies, is there an other Region cauled Ciiri'Vm. When 
 he had thus palfed ouer this long tract of fea. fuppofing llyll that it had byn an llande, and doutinge that he 
 
 The fayre .ind 
 Iar>;e region of 
 parix 
 
 Temperate ayer 
 and fnitfiil 
 gruunde. 
 
 Swcte .lauouis 
 proteadynne 
 frunie tlie lande. 
 
 Humayne people. 
 
 Cheynes and 
 garlandes uf Kold 
 and perles 
 
 31 
 
 n.islvettcs fill of 
 pearler. I kiiowc 
 wliu tiad bags ful. 
 
 Howe the 
 
 Admirals men 
 were cntcrtcyiicd. 
 
 Oieyers ami 
 stoics of hclicnc. 
 
 Fruites and wyne. 
 
 Wyne of the 
 I>cour of fruites. 
 
 Wliytc men ii(.'ic 
 thc Kiiuinoctial 
 
 ^^lJl^ltaynes arc 
 tho matrices ul 
 guide. 
 
 Caiiibiilch 
 
 Shalownes of the 
 .sea. 
 
 I he vse of 
 carcuclles or 
 bri>;aiitines. 
 
 Ctnnana and 
 Man.ii.ap.iii.t 
 rt'^i'nis of the 
 prutiincc of Parta. 
 Curian?. 
 
F7~F 
 
 i i*'i' » \>' 
 
 I^ESBS 
 
 90 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 i> 
 
 1' • 
 
 A rj'ucr of 
 ni.tniL-l'-iH depth 
 aiul Ijr.nlih. 
 
 A sea of wec'Ics. 
 
 I.uritisi:)i& 
 Mabtix. 
 
 32 
 
 The cicuition of 
 thf pule .11 Parix 
 
 Note a secreatc 
 as cunccmiiig the 
 pole slarre. 
 
 An e 
 
 A uianietous 
 recreate. 
 
 Th.it the earth is 
 not iierf'-Ctly 
 rownJc. 
 
 ParvulUe is in the 
 
 nionntaynes ut" 
 
 parix 
 
 Lo<)l;e the ninth 
 
 Ijooke secondc 
 
 decade. 
 
 Paria is part of 
 the firrnc Undc of 
 india 
 
 Tyrnc reucaleth al 
 things 
 
 Paria more 
 sontlu-warde then 
 hispaniuU 
 
 The spanyrrdes 
 rehell in the 
 Admirals absence 
 
 might paflfe by the WeAe to the Northe directlye to Hifpaniola, he chaunced into a rj-uer of. xxx. cubettes 
 dcpthe, and of fuch breadth as hath not lyghtly byn liarde of For he affimicth it to bee. xx\-iii. leaques. A 
 lyttle further toward the Welle, yet fumwh.-it more fowtliwarde as the bending of the fliore requped, he entered 
 into a fea full of herbes orwcdes. The fccde of the herbes whiche fwymnie on the water, are muthe lyke the 
 berr}-es of the tree cauleil Lmtifais, whicii bcareth the fweete gumme cauled MajU.x. 'I'licy grewe foo thicke, 
 that they funietyme in maner ilayed the Ihippes. The Admirall reijorted, tliat here there is not one daye 
 thorowghe owte all the yeare muche longer or lliorter then an otlier : And that the Northe pole is here cleaute 
 oncly fyue degrees as at Paria, in whofe trade all thefe coaftes lye. Hee alfo declared certeyne thynges as 
 conceminge "he variete of the northe pole: The which becaufe they fecnie contrar)e to th[e]oppinions of all the 
 Allronomers. I wyll touche them but with a dr)-e foote as fayth the prouerbe. But it is wel knowen (raoile 
 noble prince) that the ftarre which we caule the pole (larre, or northe flarre, (cauled of the Italians Tramoitlana) 
 is not the ver)- jWMite of the pole Artyke vppon the whiche the axes or e.\treinities of heauens are turned abowte. 
 The which thynge may well be proued, if when the flarres fyrfl. appeare, yowe beeholde the pole llarre throwgh 
 any narowe hole. For foo, apjjlyinge yowTe inflniment therto in the morninge fumwhat before the day 
 fpringe haue blemj-fhed theyr lyght, yf then yowe looke throwgh the fame hole, yowe fhall perceaue it to bee 
 inoued from the place where yowe faweit fyrfl. But howe it comnieth to paffe, that at the beginnynge of the euenjTig 
 twilight, it is eleuate in that Region only fyue degrees in the moneth of lune, and in the morninge twylight to 
 bee eleuate. xv. degrees by the fame tjuaadrante, I doo not vnderftande. Nor yet doo the reafons which he 
 bringeth, in any po>-nt fatyffye me. For he fayth, that he hereby coniectured, that the earth is not perfectlye 
 rowTiile: But that when it was created, there was a certeyne heape reyfeil theron, much hygher then the other 
 partes of the fame. So that (as he faith) it is not rownde after the forme of an ai)ple or a bal (as other th)-nke) 
 but rather lyke a peare as it hang-^th on the tree : And that Paria is the Region which iioffelTeth the fuper- 
 erainente or hyghell parte thereof nerefle vnto heauen. In foo muche that he erneflly contendeth, the earthly 
 Paradyfe to bee fituate in the toppes of thofe three hylles, wliich wee fayile bcefore, that the watche man fawe 
 owte of the toppe callell of the fliippe: And that the outragious flreames of the frellie waters whiche foo 
 nolentlyc iflhcwe owte of the 'lyde goulfes and Ilr)ue foo with the falte water, faule headlonge from the toppes 
 of the fayde mountaynes. But of this matter, it fhall fuffice to haue fayde thus muche. Lette vs nowe therfore 
 retume to the hiflorje from which we haue dygrefled. When he perceaued hym felfe to bee thus inwTapjied in 
 foo greate a goulfe beyor."^ his e.vnoctacion, foo that he had now no hope to fynde any jxiflage towarde the 
 northe whereby he myght fa) le directly to Hifpaniola, he was enforfed to tame backe the fame way by the 
 which he came, and directed his viage to Hifpatiiola by the northe of that lande lyinge towarde the Eafte. 
 They which afterwarde fearched this lande more curioullye, wyll it to bee parte of the continente or firrae lande 
 of India, and not of Cuba as the Admiral fuppofed. For there are many which affirme that they haue fayled 
 rownd abowt Cuba. But whether it bee fo or not, or whether enuyinge the good fortune of this man, they feeke 
 occafiono of querelinge ageynlle hjm, I can not iudge : But tyme fhall f])eake, which in tjine appojTited, 
 reueak-th both truth and falfehod. But whether Paria be Continent or not, the Admirall dothe not muche 
 contende. But he fuppofeth it to bee Continente. He alfo aftirmeth that Paria is more fouthewarde then 
 Hifpaniola, by eyght hundreth fourcf.ore and t\vo myles. At the length he came to Hifpaniola (to fee his 
 fouldiers which he left with his brethren) the thyrde day of the calendes of September: In the yeaie 1498. 
 But (as often tj-mes chaunceth in humayne thynges.) amonge his foo many profperous, pleafaunte, and luckye 
 aftajTes, fortune mengeled fume feedes of wormewoodde, and corrupted his pure come with the malicious 
 weetles of coccle. 
 
 The seventh rooke of the fyrst decade, 
 to the fame Lodonike Card in all. etc. 
 
 [Hen the Admirall was nowe coome to the ilmde of Hifpaniola, he fowTide all th\Tiges 
 confoun<lcd and owte of order. For Roldanus (of whom wee fpake beefore) refufed in his 
 abfence to obey his brother, tniflinge to the multitude of fuch as were confetheretl with him. 
 And not onely behaucd hym felfe proudely ageynfl the Admiralles brother and Lieuetenaunt 
 funnyme his mailler, but alfo fente letters to his reproche to the kynge of Si)a)Tie, therin 
 accufinge bothe the brethren, leying heynous matters to the)T charges. But the Admirall 
 .igeyne, fent meffengers to the kynge, which myght informe hym of thejT rebellion : Inflantly 
 defyringe his grace, to fende hym a newe fupplye ol men, wherby he myght fuppreffe the)T licentioufhes and 
 
 .'4 
 
The fyrjt Decade. 
 
 91 
 
 punyfhe them for theyr mifcheuous actes. They accufed the Admirall and his brother to bee vniufl men, cnicl 
 enemies and flieaders of the Spanyflie bludde: dcclarynge thit vppon euery lyght occafion, tliey wolde rackc 
 them, hange them, and heade them: And that they tooke pleafiire therin. And that they departed from them 
 as from cniell t}Tantes and wylde beaftes rci ■ finge in bhidde, alfo the kynges enem\os. Afiymiinge lykewyfe 
 that they well perccaued theyr intente to bee none other then to vfurpe Th[e]empirc of the liandcs: whiche 
 thynge (they fayde) they fufpected by a thoii(;ind coniectures. And efpecially in that they wolde pemiitte none 
 to reforte to the golde mjTies, but only fuche as were theyr familiers. The Admirall on the contrary' jiarte, 
 when he defjTed ayde of the kynge to infringe theyr infolencie, auouched that al thofe his accufers, which had 
 deuifed fuche lyes ageynfte hym, were nowghtye felowes, abhominable knaues and vylaynes, theues and baudes, 
 ruffians aduouterers and rauilliers of women, faulfe periured vagabundes, and fuche as had byn eyther conuict in 
 ])r)fons, or fledde for feare of Judgment : foo efcaping pun)ihement, but not leauinge \ice whcrin they flyll 
 contynued and browght the fame with them to the Ilande, lyuinge there in lyke maner as before, in thefte, 
 lechery, and all kyndes of myfcheefe : And foo gyuen to Idlenes and fleepe, that wheras they were browght 
 thyther for myners, labourers, and fcuUyans, they wolde not nowe goo one furlonge from theyr houfes except 
 they were borne on mens backes, lyke vnto them whiche in owlde t)"me were cauled Ediles Ciirules. For, to 
 this office, they put the miferable Ilande men, whom they handeled mode cruelly. For lealle theyr handes 
 fhulde difcontinewe from flieadinge of bludde, and the better to trje theyr (Irength and manhod, they \fed nowe 
 and then for theyr pallyme to fl.r)ue amonge them felues and proue who coulde mod cleanely with his fwoorde 
 at one (Iroke llr)ke of the heade of an iiinocente. Soo that he which coulde with niofle agilitic make the 
 heade of one of thofe poore wTetches to tlye ijuyte and cleane from the body to the grounde at one flroke, he 
 was the befl man and counted mofle honorable. Thefe thynges and many fuche other, the one of them layde 
 to the others charge beefore the kynge. W'liyle thefe thynges were doinge, the Admirall fente his brother the 
 lieuetenaunt with an army of foure fcore and tenne footemen, and a fewe horfcmen, (with three thoufande of 
 the Ilande men which were mortall enemies to the Ciguauians) to meete the people of C/^'/mim, with Kynge 
 Guijrio/uxiiis thejT graunde capitayne, who had doone muche myfcheefe to owTe' men and fuche as fauoureil 
 theyra Therefore when the Lieuetenaunt had contlucted his army to the bankes of a certeyne greate ryuer 
 runnynge by the playne which we fayd before to lye betwene the comers of the mount3}nes of Cr:,iiiiiia and 
 the fca, he fownde two fcoutes of his enemyes lurkinge in certeyne bufllies: wherof the one. cailynge hyni fclfe 
 head longe into the fea, efcaped: and by the mouthe of the r)uer fwamme oui-r to his coonipanyons. The other 
 beinge taken, declared that in the woodde on the oilier fide the rjiier, there lay in camjie fyxe thoiifonde 
 Cyguauians redy, vnware? to affayle owre men paflfynge bye. Wherfore the Lieuetenaunte fjndyng a flialowe 
 place where he myght pafle ouer, he with his hole army enterei.1 into the tyuer. The which th\iig when the 
 Ciguauians had efpyed, they came runnynge ovte of the wooildes with a terrible crye anil mofle horrible afpect, 
 much lyke vnto the ])eople cauled Agat/iyrjl of whom the poete viigile fpeaketh. For they were all paynted 
 and fpotted with fundr)' coloures, and cfijcciall with blackc and redde whiche they make of certeyne fruites 
 noor)nied for the fame purpofe in theyr gardens, with the ioyce wherof they pa\Tit them felues fruna the for- 
 heade, euen to the knees : hauing theyr heare (whiche by arte they make longe and blacke if nature deny it 
 them) wrethetl and rowled after a thoufande faffliions. A man wold thinke them to bee deuylles incarnate newly 
 broke owte of hell, they are foo lyke vnto helhoundes. As owtc men waded ouer the ryuer, they fhotte at 
 them and hurled dartes foo thicke, that it almofle tooke the lyght of the fonne from owre men. In fo much 
 that if they had not borne of the force therof with theyr targettes, the matter hadde gonne wTonge with them. 
 Yet at the length, many beinge wounded, they pafled ouer the r)uer, which thynge when the enemies fawe, they 
 fletlde : whome owTe men perfuinge, flewe fume in the chafe : but not many, by rcafon of the)T fwyftenes of 
 foote. Thus beinge in the wooddes, they fliotte at owre men more fafely. For they being accullomed to the 
 wooddes and naked without any lette, paffed throwgh the bufllies and flirubbes as it had byn wylde bores or 
 hartes : w heras owTe men were hyndered by reafon of theyr apparell, targettes, longe iauelens, and i ^norance of 
 the place. Wherfore, when he had reded there all that nyght in vayne, and the daye folowynge fawe none 
 deringe in the wooddes, he went (by the councel and condiicte of the other Ilande men which were in his 
 armye) immeflLatly from thenfe, to the montaynes in the which king Mju'taiuxiiis had his cheefe manfion 
 place in the \ylage cauled Capronum, by the which name alfo, the kynges palaice was cauled, beinge in the 
 fame vylage. Thus marchinge fonvarde \\ ith his army, abowte twelue mjle of, he encamped in the vylage of 
 an other kjnige, which th[e]inhabitantes had forfaken for fcare of owtc ".en. Yet makynge dyligent fearch, 
 they fowTide two, by whom they had knowleage that there was tenne k\Tigcs with Maichimwius in his palaice 
 of Capronum, with an army of eight thoufand Ciguauians. At the Lieuetenantes f)Td approche, he durd not 
 gyue them battayle vntyll he had fumw hat better fearched the Region : Yet did he in the meane tyme lT<) rm)fnie 
 with them twyfe. The nexte nyght abowte mydnyght, he fent furth fcoutes, and with them guydes of the Ilande 
 men which knewe the countrey. Whom the Ciguauians efpyenge from tlie mountaynes, preiwrcd them felues 
 
 9« 
 
 33 
 
 I The Sp.inyariic 
 I nccti<M: the 
 A'linirall. 
 
 Til'-' Atlininiles 
 
 In<;oIencic.tnJ 
 iJclne^ oflibcrtic. 
 
 Thc-.c had ihe 
 
 cu>it(Kiies uf the 
 temples. 
 
 A cniel aiul 
 deuelyshc 
 parity inc. 
 
 ■ Oinrioncxms is 
 1 c.ipiLiinc itf. vi. 
 ' th .iisaml 
 L i^iiiauians. 
 
 FictiA^.ithyrsi. 
 Naked men 
 painted with the 
 loycc uf certcii 
 fruites. 
 
 He.^rc made long 
 and black by arte. 
 
 The v->t; of 
 targettes. 
 The Ci.;u.iiuani 
 arc dryucn to 
 
 flyghL 
 
 34 
 
 K>Tige 
 Maiubanexius. 
 
 An anny iT\iii. 
 
 thous.ind 
 
 CiguauiaiKS. 
 

 92 
 
 The fyyjt Decade. 
 
 \>) 
 
 
 A I.arome. 
 put tuHyght ■ 
 
 The I.ictictciiaunt 
 
 tu kyngc 
 ftlaiobancxius. 
 
 Kynce 
 
 Ouarioiicxius. 
 
 M.iKib^dicxitis hU 
 an s were. 
 Natural hatred 
 of vyce. 
 
 Ttic 
 I.icuctciKiiuUcs 
 giTiitcInes lowiird 
 luaiubanexius 
 
 35 
 
 A r.irc faytlifuIiK'b j 
 in a barbaruus 
 kynge. I 
 
 The 
 I.ieuclcnaumcs 
 nievM'iigers are 
 Riayne- 
 
 Al the kirpos are 
 dryucn to rtyjjht. 
 
 to the battiyle with a terrible crye or alaronie after their maner: but yet durfl not coome owte of the wooddes, 
 fui)i)oring that the Lieuetenaunt witli his mayne army had byn eiien at hande. The ilay folowynge, wlien he 
 brought his amiy to the i)lace where they encanii)ed, lea[)ing owt of the wooddes, they twyfe attempted tlie 
 fortune of warre, fiercely alTayling owre men with a mayne force, and woundinge nunye before they couldc 
 coouer them with thejT targettes. Yet owre men put them to flyght, flewe many, ami tooke many. The 
 refydewe fledde to the woodde.-., where they kept them flyll as in their mofle fafe houlde. Of them which were 
 taken, he fent one, and w)th hym an other of the Ilande men which was of his parte to Jf<7:o^a//c:\-ii/s with 
 coramaundement in this effect. The Lieuetenaunt brought not hether his army (O Maiol'ancxiiis) to kepe 
 warre eyther ageynll yowe or yov-e people : For he greately ilefyreth yo« re I'rendelhippe. But his entent is, 
 that Giuin'cnexius who hath perfuaded yowe to bee his ayde ageynfte hym to the greate deilruction of yowTe 
 people and Mido)Tige of yowTe countrey, may haue dewe correction afwell for his difobedience towarde him, as 
 alio for rayfmg tumultes amonge the people. Wherfore, he requyreth yowe and exorteth yowe, to delyuer 
 Guariontxius into his handes. The which thynge yf yowe fliall perfonne, the Admirall his brother W7II not 
 only gladly admitte yowe to Iiis frcndolliyppe, but alfo enlarge and defende yowre dominion. And if herein 
 yowe refufe to accomjilyfAie his reiiueflc, it wyll folowe, that yowe fliall rtiortelye rei)ent yowe therof. For 
 yowTe k}Tigedome fhall be wafted with fwoonle and fyer, and yowe fliall abyde the fortune of warre wherof 
 yowe haue had experience with fauour, as you fliall further know here after to yowre jxiyne, )i" with ftobemes 
 yowe prouoke hym to fliewe the vttermofte of his poure. \\'hen the meffenger had thus doone his errante, 
 .^fiiiobantwiu.i anfwered, that Guan'oiiexiiis was a good man, indued with many vertues as all men knewe : And 
 therfore he thought hym worthy his a\(lc : efpecially in as muche as he fledde to hym for fuccoure, and tiiat he 
 had made liim fuch promefle, whom alfo he had proued to bee his faithfuU frende. AgejTie, that they were 
 nawghty men, violent and cniell, defyringe other mens gooddes, and fuche as fpared not to iTieetle innocentes 
 l.iludde : In fyne, that he wolde not haue to doo with fuche myfcheuous men, nor yet enter into frendefliippe 
 with them. When thefe thynges came to the Lieuetenauntes eare, he commaunded the ^■ylage to be bumte 
 where he h\in felie encamped, with many other vylages there abowte. And when he drewe nere to the place 
 where MaHjiitxiiis lay, he fent meflengers to him ageyne, to common the matter with h)Tn, and to wyll h}Tn, 
 to fende fuiv.e one of his mofte feythful frtndes to entreate with hym of peace. A\'here vppon the kynge fent 
 \nto hym one of his cheefe gentelmen, and with hym two other to wayte on hym. ^\^len he came to the 
 Lieuetenauntes prefence, he frendly requ)red hym to perfuade his lord and mailer in his name, and emeflly 
 to admonyfflie hym, not to fufler his flor)fliinge k)ngeiloine to bee fpoyled, or h)Tn felfe to abyde the liafarde 
 of warre for Gujn'orti-xius fake : And further to exhorte hym to del) uer hym, excepte he wolde procure the 
 deftruction bothe of hym felfe, his people, and his countrey. \\'hen the meffenger was returned, Miiiobanexitis 
 aflembled the people, declaring \nto them what was doone, but they cried owte on hym to delyuer Giiarionfxiiis: 
 .\nd beganne to curie the daye that euer they had receaued hym, thus to dillurbe thejT quietnes. Maiobancxius 
 anfwered them, that Guarioncxitis was a good man, and had well deferued of him, giuinge lijTn many princely 
 prefentes: And had alfo tawght both his wyfe and hym to fynge and daunce, whiche th)-ngc he dyd not lyttle 
 eflceme. And was therfore fully refolued in no cafe to forfake hym, or agejTifte all humanitie to betraye his 
 frende whiche fledde to hMii for fuccoure : but rather to abjde al extremities with him, then to niinifter occifion 
 of obloquye to flaunderes to reporte that he had betrayed his gefte whom he tooke into his houfe with warran- 
 ties. Thus difmiffinge the people fighingo and with forowfuU hartes, he cauled Giuirioriixius before hym, 
 promyfinge h\Tn ageyne, that he wolde bee partaker of his fortune whyle lyfe lafted. In fo muche that he 
 thowght it not lelle to fcnde any further woorde to the Lieuetenaunt: but appoynteil hym whome before he 
 fent to hym. to keepe the way with a garryfon of men, to th[e]intent that if any meffengers fliulde be fent from 
 the Lieuetenaunt to fleye them by the way, and admitte none to communication or further entretie of peace. 
 In the meane tyme. the Lieuetenaunt fent twoo, wherof the one was a captiue Ciguauian, and the other an 
 Ilande man of them which were frendes to owre men: They were bothe taken and flayne. The Lieuetenaunt 
 folowetl them onely with ten footemen and foure horfemen. Fyndinge his meffengers deade in the waye, he 
 was further prouoked to wrathe, anil determyned more extremely to deale with Jfiiiobiinixius. And therefore 
 wente fonvarde incontinently with his hole army to his cheefe palaice of Capronum where he yet laye in campe. 
 At his approche. all the kynges fledde, ei.ory man his way, and forfooke the)T capitayne -Vaivbatifxius: who 
 alfo with all his famelye, fledde to the rowgli mountaynes. Sum of the Ciguauians, fowght for Giinrioncxius to 
 fley h\Tn, for that he was the caufe of all thefe troubles. But his feete Hiued his lyfe. For he fledde in tyme 
 to the mounUiynes where he lurked in maiier alone amonge the defolate rockes. 
 
 Whereas nowe the Lieuetenauntes fouldiers were forwer}ed with loiige «-arre, with watchinge, laboure, 
 and hungei. (for it was nowe three moonethes fence the warres beganne) many def)Ted leaue to departe to 
 the towTe of Conception, where they had grancges and exercifed tyllage. He gaue them the)T paffeportes 
 with alowance of \ytayles, foo that only thyrtie remayned with hym. Thefe three moonethes warre, they 
 
 •■ i 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 93 
 
 contynued very pa>Tiefull and myferablye : Soo that <Iiiryng al that tyme, they had none other meate but only 
 Cazibi: that is, fuche rootes whereof they make theyr breadc, and that but fyldome to thcyr fyll; Alfo V'fias, 
 that is, lyttle beaftes lyke Conyes. if by chaunce now and then, tliey tooke fume with theyr houndes. Their 
 drinke was none other then water, fuch as they fownde, fumtyme fweete, and fumtyme muddy faueringe of tlie 
 maryfflies. Emonge thefe dclicates, that lyttle fleepe that they had, was euer for the mode parte abrode vndcr 
 the finnamente: And that not without watchcmen, and in contynual remoouinge as die nature of warre 
 requyreth. With thefe fewe therfore, the Lieuetenaunt determined to fearche the mountaynes, dcnnes, and 
 caues, if he coulde in any i)lace f)-nde the (leppes of Maiobaiuxiiis or GuttrioiKxius. In the mcane tyme certeyne 
 of his menne (whom hunger enforced to goo a huntinge to ])roue if they coulde take any conies) chaunced 
 vppon twoo of Maiobanexius familyers, whiche were fent to certc) lie vylages of his, to make prouifion of breade. 
 Thefe he enforced to declare where thejT lord lay hydde. And vfed the fame alfo for guides to bringe owre 
 men to the place. Twelue of owre men tooke this enterpr)-fe in hand, painting them felues after the maner of 
 the Ciguauians. Soo that by tliis (Iratageme or policie, they came fodenly vppon Mdiohiih-xitis, and tooke 
 hym jirifoner with his wyfe, children, and fimilie, and conucighed them to the towro of Conception to the 
 Lieuetenaunt Within a fewe dayes after, hunger comj)clled Guarionexiiis to coome owte of the dennes : 
 whome, certeine of the people fearinge the Lieuetenaunt, bewTayde to owre hunters. The Lieuetenaunt beinge 
 certified hereof, fent furthe a bande of foote men, commaunding them to lye in ambuflie vnt\ 11 fuclie tyme as 
 Giiiirionexiiis wente from the plajiics to the mountaynes, and then foo<lenly to intrajipe hym. 'i'hey went as 
 they were comm;iunded, tooke hym, and browght hym awaye with them. And by this meanes were 
 all the Regions nere abowte, pacified and quyeted. A certeyne noble woman of nere kynred to 
 Maiobanexius, and wTfe to an other kynge whofe dominion was yet vntouched, folowed hym in al thefe 
 aduerfities. They aftirme this woman to bee the fayrefl and mode bewetifull that euer nature browght foorthe 
 in the Ilande. Whom, when the k\Tige her hufbande who looued her moile ardently (as her bewctie deferucd) 
 harde faye that fliee was taken prifoner he wandered vppe and downe the defertes lyke a man owte of his 
 wytte, not knowinge wliat to doo or (aye. But at the lengthe, he came to the Lieuetenaunte, promyfinge moRe 
 faythfully that he wold fubmitte hmi felfe and all that he coulde make, vnder his poure, foo that he wolde 
 reflore hym his wjfe. The Lieuetenant accepted the condition and rellored him his wife, with certeyne other 
 rulers and gentelmen which he had taken prifoners before : Charginge them, and b}Tidinge them with an othe, 
 to bee euer redye at his commaundement Shortly after, this kynge, of his owne free motion, came ageyne to 
 the Lieuetenaunt, bringyng with hym f)-ue dioufande men without weapons, fiuynge onely fuche inflrumcntes 
 as they vfe in tyllage of the)T grownde. He brought with hym alfo, feedes to fowe : «henvith at his owne 
 charge, he caufed fuche plentie of thejT come and fruites to growe in fundry places of the large vale wliereof 
 wee fpake before, that fhortely after, were feene manye fayre and fruitefuU fieldes that came therof And for 
 his gentelnes beinge rewarded of the Lieuetenaunte with certeyne of owTe thynges, he departed ioyfully. When 
 the report hereof came to l' Ciguauians, it mooued the niyndes of the kynges to hope of clemencie. Where 
 vppon tin-- came tog)ther to the Lieuetenaunt with humble fubmilTion and faythful jiromefle euer after to bee 
 vnder his obedience : dealing h\-m to reflore vnto them theyr kynge, with his famylie. \t theyr rcquefle, the 
 kynges wyfe and his houfeholde was fette at Libertie, but he kepte llyll as a prifoner. Thefe thynges djcl the 
 Lieuetenaunt in the Ihnde, not yet knowinge what his aduerfaries and accufers had layde to his charge before 
 the kynge of Spa)-ne : who beinge difquyeted with theyr querelinges and accufacions, and efpecially for that by 
 reafon of theyr difcention, of foo greate abundaunce of golde and other th)Tiges, there was as yet but lyttle 
 browght into Spayne, appointed a newe gouemour which fliuld fee a redreffe in thefe thinges : And eyther to 
 punyflie fuche as were fautie, or elles to fende them t hym. What was fownde ageynlle the Admirall and his 
 brother, or age\Tifl his aduerfaries whiche accufed hym, ! Joo not wel knowe. But this I am fure of, that both 
 the brethrene are taken, browght, and call in prifon, with thtir goodes confifcate. But as foone as the kynge 
 vnderfloode that they were browght bounde to Cales, he fent m-iflengers in pofle, with commaundemente that 
 they fhulde bee loofed and coome freely to his prefence : wheiby he declared that he tooke theyr troubles 
 greeuoullye. It is alfo Clyde, that the newe gouemoure fent letters to the kynge, wrj tten with the Admiralles 
 hande in (Iraunge and vnknowen f\-pheringes, to his brother the Lieuetenaunt beinge abfente, wyllynge hym to 
 bee in a redynes with a poure of armed men to coome and ayde hym if the Clouemoure (hulde profer hym any 
 violence. \\Tierof the gouemour hauinge knowleage (as he faythe) beinge alfo aduertifed that the Lcauetenaunt 
 was gonne to his brother before the men which he had prepared wre in a redines, apprehended them bothe 
 vnwares, before the muUitude came leather. What wyl folowe, tynu , die mode trewe and prudent ludge, W7II 
 declare. Thus fare ye well 
 
 •I 
 
 The Sp.inyardes 
 arc [tcinfui iii llie 
 
 A dc^pemte 
 adiicnlurc with 
 x\x. men 
 
 A poIic[i]c. 
 
 M.iU)l>.incxin5 
 ir, taken. 
 
 Ouarionexius is 
 taken. 
 
 36 
 
 A newlifull 
 
 A kyiiL;*; sciidctli 
 ihe 1 k- lie te nail nt 
 fyuc thousand men 
 lotyll the grownde. 
 
 The kynpcs submit 
 tlicrnsi'Iuos to the 
 
 I.icUL-lclKtllllt 
 
 A ucwe gouemour 
 of the ilaiide. 
 
 An vnwoort)iy 
 rewardt; fur soo 
 grcatc payiies. 
 
f?-r 
 
 94 
 
 The fyrjl Decade 
 
 l! 
 
 1,1 
 
 The Ocean se.i 
 
 hurclitfore 
 vnkiiowcn. 
 
 Shipmasters viulcr 
 the AiUuirul. 
 
 I'hc fifir pcrtifni 
 dcwf 10 the kyngc. 
 
 37 
 
 The nauicntion of 
 l'i.'trus Alplionsus. 
 
 Mauacii/'ana. 
 
 Cnriana. 
 
 I'crlcfi for IryftN. 
 
 Great plcntic of 
 HuiTiayne peupk'. 
 
 Shcl fyshcs in 
 which perles arc 
 engcndreil. 
 Hcastcs and 
 foules. 
 
 Hunters and 
 archers. 
 
 Theyr inaner of 
 bargcning 
 
 The vsc of pynnos. 
 
 Haukcs hcis in 
 great cstimatiun. 
 
 Rnringe of wyhl 
 bcubtcs 
 
 t[ The eyghtii booke of the fyrste Decade, 
 
 to Cayciiiuxll Lodoiiikc. 
 
 He greate, ryclie, and plentiful! Ocean fea, heretofore vnknowen, and nowe fownd by Chrijh- 
 /i/ioiui Coloniis the Adniyrall, by tli[i.']'""o''''''-' and furtherance of the Catholyke kynge, I 
 iiaue prefented vnto yowre honoure (ryght noble Prince) lyke a goUlen cheyne \'n\voorknianly 
 wrought. But yowe (hall nowe receaue a precious iewell to bee appendaunt therto. Therfore 
 enionge fuche as were ])ylottes or gouernourcs vnder the Admyrall, and had dylygently 
 marked the courfes and differences of the wyndcs, many had licences graunted them of the 
 kynge to feeke further of theyr ownc charges, vi)pon condicion to pay hyin faithfully his 
 ])ortion, which is the fyft parte. But bycaufe emonge all other, one Pctrus Alphonfus (cauled Algniis by his 
 furnamc) faylcd towarde the Southe with more profperous fortune then any of the other, I thinke it bed firfl to 
 fjieake fumwhat of his vyage. He therfore, with only one fliippe, well furnyflied at his owne charges, after that 
 he had his paffeporte with commaundenient in no cafe to cafle anker pafle fyftie leaques diflante from any 
 place where the Admyrall hailde touched, fa}lcd fyrde to J'aria where the Admyrall fownde bothe the men and 
 women foo laden with cheyncs, garlandes, and brafelettes of pcarles, as wee haue fayde before. Coaflynge 
 therfore alongc by the fame fiiore accordinge to the kynges commaundement, (yet Icauinge behync'e hym the 
 Regions of Ciimana and Miiimiapaud) he came to the Region which th[e]inhabitantes thereof, cauh Curiana : 
 w here he fownd a hauen (as he faythe) muche lyke the porte of Gadcs or Calcs. In to the which enteringe, he 
 {\\\e. a fiirre of certeyne liow fes on the fliore, and perceaued when he drewe nere, that it was a vylage of onely 
 eyght howfes. Procead)'nge yet further for the fpace of three myles, he efjiyed an other vylage well replenyflied 
 with people, where there met hym fyftie naked men on a coompany hauinge with them a certeyne ruler, who 
 defyred Al[)honfus to coome to theyr coafles. He browght with hym at this tyme, many haukes belles, pynnes, 
 iiedels, brafelettes, cheyncs, garlandes, and rynges with counterfet flones and glafles, and fuch other tryfelles, 
 the which within the momcnte of an Iiourc, he hadde exchaunged for. xv. vnces of theyr pearles which they 
 wore abowte theyr neckes and amies. Then they yet more crneflly defyred him to fayle to the)T coafles : 
 Promyfynge hym that he flnilde there haue as many pcarles as he wolde defyre. He conde[f]cended to their 
 requefle: And the daye folowynge, came to the place where they appoynted hym : Lyinge there at anker, a 
 great multytude of peoitle reforted to hym, inflantely rcquyringe hym to coome alande. But when he confydered 
 the innumerable multytude of people which was there alTembled, and that he had only, xxxiii. men in his coom- 
 pany, he durflc not conimyt h)m felfe to theyr handes, but gaue them to vnderfland by fignes and tokens that 
 they fluilde coome to the fliyjipc with theyr canoas. For theyr boates (which the men of the Hand caule 
 Canoas) are made only of one hole peece of woodde as in the Ilandes : yet more rude, and not foo artificially 
 as theyrs are. Thefe they caule Gallitas: They fwarmed therefore to the fliyp as faRe as they niyght, brynginge 
 with them great plentie of pcarles (which they caule Tawras) exchaunginge the fame for owre niarchaundies. 
 He fownde this people to bee of gentyl nature, fimple and innocente, beinge conuerfant with them in theyT 
 lioufes, for the fpace of xx. dayes. Theyr houfes are made of woodde, coouered with the leaues of date trees. 
 Tlieyr meate for the moflc parte, is the flielfyfflies in the whiche pearles are engendred, wherof theyr fea coafles 
 are ful. They haue alfo grealc plentie of wylde beafles, as hartes, wylde bores, and coonys lyke vnto hares, 
 both in colour and byggcnes. Stocke doues alfo, and turtle doues. Lykewyfe geefe and duckes which they 
 nooryfhe in theyr houfes as wee doo. Peacockes flye abowte in maner in euerye woodde and groue: but they 
 are not diflinct with fundry coloures as ours are : for the cockes are lyke vnto the hennes. Thefe people of 
 Curiana, are craftie hunters and exceding cunning archers, foo that they wyll not lyghtly myffe any beafl or 
 byrde that they flioote at. Owre men confumed certeyne dayes here very plefauntely. Durynge which tyme, 
 who foo eucr brought them a peacocke, had for the fame, foure pynnes. He that brought a pheafaunt, had 
 twoo; And for a ftockc doue or turtle doue, one: And for a goofe, a fmaul lookyng glaffe or a lyttle flone of 
 glafTe. Thus they bought and foulde with proferynge and byddynge, denyinge and refufinge as it had byn in 
 a greate market. When pynnes were profered them, they aflced what they fhulde doo with them, beinge naked. 
 But owre men fatiffied them with a craftie anfwere, declaring by tokens that they were very necelTary to picke 
 theyr teeth and to pul thornes owte of theyr flefflie. But aboue al thynges haukes belles were mofl efleemed 
 amonge them, for theyr founde and faire coloure : And wolde therfore gyue much for one of them. OwTe men 
 lodginge in theyr houfes, harde in the nyght feafon horryble noyfes and rorynges of wylde beaftes in the 
 wooddes which are full of exceadinge greate and hygh trees of fundry kyndes. But the beafles of thefe 
 
The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 95 
 
 wooddes, are not noyfome to men. For the pcoijlc of the coiintrey goo d.iyly a hunting, naked, witli theyr 
 bowes and arrowcs ; Yet hath it not byn harde of, tli.it any man hath byn (laync of any wylile bcafte. As many 
 hartes or wylde bores as owre men woolde defyre them to brynge, they woolde kyll in the wooddes with their 
 bowes and arrowes, and not fayle to brynge theim. They lacke kyne, goates, and flieepe. Tiieyr breade is 
 made of rootes, as is theyrs of tlie Il-xndes. This nation, hath blaeke heare, groffe and fumwhat curkle, yet 
 longe alfo. They keepe theyr teeth very whyte : And for that purpofe vfe to cary a certeine herbe betwcne 
 theyr lyppcs for the mod parte of the day, and to wafihe theyr mouthes when they cart, it away. The women 
 doo all theyr bufynes at home in theyT howfes, and haue alfo the cure of tyllage of the groundu. But tlie men 
 apply them felues to the warres and huntynge, to playe, fingynge and daunfing. They haue fundry kyndes of 
 water pottes, iugges, and drinckinge cuppes made of earthe in other places abowt thi ym and brought thether 
 for exchaunge of other thynges: For they vfe fajTes and markettes for the fame puri)ofe; and are gretly 
 defyrous of fuch thynges, as are not brought forth or made in theyr countrey, as nature hath gyuen a difpofition 
 to al men to defyre and bee delyted with newe and flrange thynges. Many of them, had hangynge at theyr 
 pearles, the Images of certeine beafles and birdes very artificioufly made of golde, but not pure. Thefe alfo 
 are brought them from other places for exchange of other thynges. The golde wherof they are made, is natiue, 
 and of much lyke finenes to that wherof the florenes are coyned. The men of this countrey, inclofe theyr 
 priuie members in a gourde, cutte after the Aifhion of a coddepiece ; or els, coouer the fame with the flielle of 
 a tortoyfe, tyed abowte theyr loynes with laces of goffampine cotton. In other places of that tract, they thrufl. 
 the fynew within the Iheethe therof, and bj-nde the (kinne fafl with a llringe. The grcate wylde beafles wherof 
 wee fpake before, and many other thynges whiche are not founde in any of the Ilandes, teflifie that this region 
 is part of the continent or firme land. But the chiefefl coniecture wherby tliey argue the fame, is, that by the 
 coades of that lande, from I'aria towarde tiie wefle, they fayled aboute tliree thoudmde myles, fyndynge no 
 figne or token of any ende. Thefe peo{)le of Curiana (whiche fum caule Cmiana) beinge demaunded where 
 they hadde fuche plentie of golde, fignified that it was brought them from a Region caulcd Canchieia or Cauc/iithi, 
 being diflant from them fy.xe foonnes, that is, fyxe dayes ioumey weftwarde; And that theyr Images of goulde, 
 were made in the fame Region, ^\'here vppon owTe men directed theyr vyagc thyther immediatly : and 
 arryued there at the calendes of Nouember, in the yeare of Chrifl a thoufande and fyue hundreth. The people 
 of the countrey reforted to them withuiite feare, bryngynge with them of the golde which we foyde to bee natyue 
 in that Region. This people had alfo coUers of pearles abowte theyr neckes, ^\■hiche were brought them frome 
 Curiana for exchange of theyr marchandies. None of them wolde exchaunge any of thofe thinges which they 
 had owte of other countreys: as nether the Curians golde, nor the Canchietans pearles. Yet amonge the 
 Canchietans, they fownde but little gold redy gathered. They toke with them from thenfe, certen very fayre 
 marmafets or munkeys, and many popingayes of fundry coloures. In the monethe of Nouember, the ayer was 
 there mod temperate, and nothyng coukie. The guardens of the north pole, were owte of fyght to bothe thefe 
 people, they are foo nere to the Equinoctiall. Of the degrees of the pole, they can gyue none other accounipte. 
 Thefe people, are wel difpofed men, of honed condicions, and nothinge fufpicious. For all mod all the nyght 
 longe, they reforted to the (liippe with theyr boates, and went aboorde fliip withowte feare, as dyd the Curians. 
 They caule pearles, Corixas. They are fumwhat ielyous. For, when any draungers coonie emonge them, 
 they euer place theyr women behynd them. In this Region of dxiichicta, the goffampine trees growe of them 
 felues commonly in many places, as doo with vs elmes, wyllowes, and falowes. And therfore they vfe to make 
 breeches of cotton, wherwith they coouer thejT pr)-uie partes in many other Regions there aboute. When 
 they had yet fayled on forwarde by the fame coades, there came foorth ageynde them abowte twoo thoufande 
 men, armed after theyr maner, forbydding them to coome aland. Thefe people were foo rude and faluage, 
 that owre men coulde by no meanes allure them to familiaritie. Owre men therfore, contented only witli their 
 ])earles, returned backe the fame way they came : where they remayned with the Curians continually for the 
 fpace of twentie dayes, and fylled theyr bellyes wel with good meate. And here it feemeth to me, not farre 
 from my purpofe, to declare what chaunced \ nto theim in theyr returne, when they came nowe within the 
 fyght of the coade of Paria. They happened therefore in the way, at Os Draconis and the goulfes of Faria, 
 (wherof wee fpake before) to meete with a nauie of xviii. Cano:,- o' Canibales which went a rouyng to hunt 
 for men. Who as foone as they had efpyed o«t men, affailed 1-- ' 'iiippe fiercely and without feare enclofed 
 the fame, didurbing owtc men on euery fyde with theyr arrowes. But owre men fo feared them with theyr 
 gunnes, that they fledde immediatly, whom owre menne folowinge with the fliippe boate, tooke one of the}r 
 Canoas, and in it, only one Canibal (for the other had efcaped) and with hym, an other man bownde: Who, 
 with teares runninge downe his cheekes, and with giedure of his handes, eyes, and heade, fignified that fyxe of 
 his coompanyons had byn cruelly cutte in pieces and eaten of that myfc'.ieuous nation : and that he fhulde 
 haue byn lykewyfe handeled the day folowynge. Wherfore they gaue h)in poure ouer the Canyball, to doo 
 with hym what he wolde. Then with the Canibales owne clubbe, he layde on hym al that he might dryue with 
 
 9S 
 
 ILirtcs and wy\A 
 
 38 
 
 [ll.ieke an<l ciu-Klc 
 
 hcure. 
 
 White teethe. 
 
 Earthen vc««ls. 
 
 C'tinningc 
 .irtiAccrs. 
 
 Case gol<ic. 
 
 A ^tranfie mancr 
 of C''ueringc theyi 
 priuitics. 
 
 Tokens of the 
 continent or firmc 
 lande. 
 
 The gold en 
 Rccion of 
 Canchieta. 
 
 Tcmperalc aytr 
 in Nuucmbcr. 
 
 The Equinoctial 
 
 Ij-nc. 
 
 Humane f-cr-ple 
 
 Gossampine trees 
 Chorlyshc people 
 
 Alphonsus 
 retumeth to Pari«. 
 
 Canibales in the 
 goulfes cf Paha. 
 
 39 
 
 { 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 Death for dcalh. 
 
96 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 1 
 
 
 canill.lIc^ fortiflu 
 (hcyr cjiiii>o 
 
 S-iIle ciiKcncIrcd 
 fifthc water of 
 the sea. 
 
 Sprynycs uf !..tlt 
 water. 
 
 The linilic^ rif 
 Iiriiices ilryed and 
 rcscrucd 
 
 Threescore ami 
 xvi. poundes 
 weight of nerlcs 
 fir. V. shillynj;cs. 
 The course of the 
 sen toward the 
 weste. 
 
 Pcrlcs as coiinnon 
 as chafte 
 
 Pelrus .Mpliunsus 
 in prison. 
 
 Orient pcrles as 
 l)y(:i;c as liasel 
 nuttLS. 
 
 40 
 
 Curianti 
 C.r DriKO'tis. 
 Cumnna, 
 Manacajiiithi, 
 Th5 Hand of 
 M.irgarita. 
 
 The tiauigatioij jf 
 Vincentius and 
 Aries riuzonu& 
 
 Licence and 
 pa&seporte. 
 
 hande and footc, grinninge and fretinge as it had byn a wylde bore: Tliinkyngt- that he had not yet fufiicicntly 
 rcucngcd the death of his conipanyons, when he had beaten owte hi.s i)raynes ami guttes. When he was 
 demaundeil after what forte the Canihaies were woont to iniiade other contreys, he anfwered that they eucr 
 vfed to caiye willi tlieni in tlieyr Canoas, a greatc multitiule of ckihhes: The whiclie, where foo cuer they 
 lande, they pitche in the grownde, and eneaniiie them feh'cs witiiin the cooinpaffe of the fame, '•■c the more 
 fafcly in the nyght feafon. In Ciiriana, tliey fownde the heail of a capitaine of the Canibale; d ouer the 
 
 doore of a certeyne goiiernoure, for a token of victorie, as it iiadde byn the ftanderde or lieli. j taken from 
 the eneniyc in battayle, In thefe coaftes of Pdria, is a Region cauled I/aniia, in the whiche, greate 
 plentie of falte is gathered after a (Irange forte. For the fea beinge there tofled with the poure of the 
 wyndes, dryueth the falte waters into a kirge playne by the fea fyde: where; afterward when the fea 
 waxeth cauhiic, and the foonne begynnethe to fliyne, the water is congeled into mode pure and whyte falte, 
 wherewith innumerable fliy])pcs might bee laden, if men doo reforte thether for the fame beefore there faille 
 any rayne. For the rayne meltethe it, and caufeih it to fynke into the fande, and foo by the pores of the eartlie, 
 to returne to the place from whenfe it was dryuen. Other l;iy, that the playne is not fylled from the fea, but 
 of certeine fpringes whofe water is more fliarpe and tilt then the water of the fea. Th[e]inhabitantes doo 
 greatlye efteeme this bay of falte. Which they vfe, not only for theyr owne commoditie, but alfo woorkinge 
 the fame into a fijuare forme lyke vnto brickes, they fell it to llrangers for exchaunge of other thynges whiche 
 they lackc. In this Region, they flretche and drye the deade bodies of theyr kinges and noble men, layinge 
 the fame vpon a certeyne frame of woodde much lyke vnto a hurdle or grediren, with a gentell fyre vnder the 
 fame, thus by lyttle and lyttle coiifuminge the flefibe and keepinge the (kynne hole wth the bones inclofed 
 therein. Thefe drycd carcafes, they haue in greate reuerence, and honour them for theyr houfeholde and 
 famylicr goddes. They fay that in this place they fawc a man, and in an other pl.ice a woman, thus dryed and 
 referucd. When they departed f.om Ciiriaiia, the. viii. day of the Ides of February to returne to Spayne, they 
 had three fcore and. xvi. poundes weight (after, viii. vnces to the pownde) of perles, which they bought for 
 exchange of owre thynges, amountinge to the value of fyue fliyllinges. Departinge therfore, they confumed 
 three fcore ilayes in theyr iourney (althowgh it were fliorter then fromc Hifpaniola) by reafon of the contynuall 
 courfe of the fea into the wefte, whiche dyd not only greately fley the flii[)pe, but alfo fumtymes dr)'ue it backe. 
 Hut at the length they came home foo laden with perles, that they were with euery maryncr, in maner as com- 
 mon as chaffe. But the niafler of the fliyppe, J\-trus Alphonfusy beinge accufed of his coompanyons that he 
 had ftowlen a great multitude of precious perles, and defrauded the kynge of his portion which was the fyueth 
 parte, was taken of Fernando dc Vfga, a man of greate lerninge and experience and gt Tnour of Gallccia, 
 where they arryued, and wms there kepte in pryfon a longe tyme. But he (lyll denyethr ^uer he deteyned 
 
 anye parte of the perles. Many of thefe perles were as bygge as hafell nuttes, and orier ve caule it) that 
 
 is, lyke vnto them of the Eafte partes. Yet not of foo greate price, by reafon that the hoi^_ merof are not foo 
 perfecte. 'When I my felfe was prefente with the ryght honorable duke of Methyna, and was bidden to dyner 
 with hym, in the citie of Ciuile, they browght to hym aboue a hundreth and twentie vnces of peries to be 
 foulile : which furely did greatly delyte me with their fa)Tenes and brightnes. Sum faye, that Alphonfus hadde 
 not thefe perles in Curiana being diflante from Os Draconh more then a hundreth and twentie leaques, but 
 that he had them in the Regions of Cumana and Manacapana, nere vnto Os Draconis and the Ilande of 
 Margarita. For they deny that there is any perles fownile in Curiana, But fithe the matter is yet in con- 
 trouerfie, we wyll paffe to other matters. Thus muche yowe haue whereby yowe maye coniecture what 
 commoditie in tyme to coome may bee looked lor from thefe newe landes of the well Ocean, whereas at the 
 fyrfle difcoueringe, they fliewe fuch tokens of greate ryches. Thus fare ye well. 
 
 €[ The. IX. BOOKE of the fyrst Decade 
 to Cardyuall Lodouikc. 
 
 Inccntiagnes Pinzonus, and alfo Aries Pinzoniis, his neuie, by his brothers fyde, which accom- 
 panyed the Admiral Colonus in his fyrfte vyage, and were by him appoynted to bee mailers 
 of twoo of the fmaule fhippes which the Spaniardes caule Carauelas, beinge mooucd by the 
 greate ryches and amplytude of the new landes, furnyflied of theyr owne charges, foure 
 carauels in the hauen of theyr owne countrey which the Spanyardes '_ale Falos, bortheringe 
 on the wefte Ocean. Hauynge therfore the kynges licence and palTeporte to departe, they 
 loofed from the hauen, abowte the Calendes of December, in the yeare 1499. This hauen 
 
 ir;*v. 
 
 p 
 
The fyrjt Decade. 
 
 97 
 
 of J'aUn is tliree fcore and twclue myles difiant from Gad(s, commonly cauled Cales : an<i three fcore and fourc 
 myles from Ciuilc. All tli[c]inhal)itantes of this townc, not onu c\ceptc(l, are |.'r. at. ;> gyuen to fean hinge of 
 the fca, and continually exercyfed in fayling. 'Ihcy alfo dirtrfod thcyr vyagc fyrl\ to the Ilandcs of Canaric by 
 the Ilandes of //i/perid.s, nowe cauled Caln'iicr,/,; which fum caule Gorxin/rs Mnfiicias. Sayliiige thirfore 
 directly towardc the fouthe frome that Hand of the llifpii iMs which the rortugalos (I>cing polTcflcis of the 
 fame) caule Saiiili Licobi. and dcpartingc froine thenfe at the Ides of January, they folowed the fomhweft wynde, 
 beinge in the niyddeft betwene tlie fouth and the wed.'. When they fuppofcd that they had Hiyled aboute three 
 hundretliJ leaques by the fame wynde, they fay that t!iey lode the fyght of ihe Nortl e llarre : and were lliortelye 
 after, toffed with excedinge tempeftes bothe of wynde and fea, and vexed with intollerable heate. Yet fayled 
 they on further (not without greate daunger) for the fpacc of Iwoo hunun'the a;id fortie leaques, folowing yet 
 the fanii wynde by the loll pole. Wherfore, whether habitable Regions bee vnder the Kiiuin(^rtiall lyne or not, 
 let thefe men and tlie owUle wryters, afwel Philofophers as poetes and cofmographers difeufie. For thefe men, 
 aft'...ne it to bee habitable, and niarueloully repleniflied with jjcople : and they, that it is vnhabitable by reafon 
 of the foone beames dependinge perpendicularly or directlye oi;er the fame. Yet were there many of the ouldc 
 wryters, whiche attempted to proue it habitable. Thefe maryners bein>.y' demaunded, if they fawe the fouth 
 pole, they anfwered that they knewe no ftarre there lyke vnto this pole, that myght be decerned aboute the 
 poynte. But that they fawe an other order of (l;irres, and a certeyne thicke mjll ryfynge from the horizontall 
 iync, which greatl)- hyndered theyr fyght. They contende alfo, that there is a great heape or r)fynge in the 
 mydded of the earth, which taketh away the fyght of the fouthe pole, vnt)ll they haue vtterly paflfed ouer the 
 fame. But they verely beleue that they fawe other images of flarres, muche differinge nom the fituation of the 
 ftarres of owre hemifpherie or halfe circle of heauen. Howe foo euer the matter bee, as they informe vs, wee 
 certifie yowe. At the Icngthe, the feiienth day of the calendes of Februarje, they efpied lande a farre of And 
 feinge the water of the fea to bee troubelous, foundinge with thcyr plummet, they founde it to bee. xvi. fathames 
 deepe. Goinge a lande, and tarienge there for the fjjace of twoo dayes, they departed bycaufe they faw no 
 people (leringe, althowghe they fownde certeyne fleppes of men by the fea fyde. Thus grauinge on the trees 
 and the (lones nere vnto the fliore, the kynges name and theyrs, and the tymc of the)r comniing thether, they 
 departed. Not farre from this flation, folowynge the fyers on the lande by nyght, they founde a nation lyinge 
 vnder the open fyrmamente after the maner of warre. Owre men thought it not belle to trowble them \ntyll 
 the mominge. Therefore, at the ryfmge < the foone, fortie of owre men well armed, wente toward them ; 
 ageynft whom came furth. xxxii. of them, with bowes, flinges and dartes, euen redy to the feyght. The other 
 coompanye folowed them, armed after the fame maner. Owr men affirme tliat they were of hygher (lature then 
 e)'ther the Almaynes or Pannonians. They behelde owre men with frownynge and threatenynge countenaunce. 
 But owre men thought it not good to fiiule to bickeringe with them, vncerteyne whether it were for feare, or 
 bycaufe they wolde not dryue them to flight. Wherfore they went aboute to allure them by faire meanes and 
 rewardes. But they refufed all kynde of gentclnes, and (loode euer in a redines to feight, declaringe the fame 
 by fignes and tokens. Thus owr men reforted to theyr fliippes, and they to the place from whence they came, 
 without any further bufynes. The fame nyght abowte ni)dnyght, they fledde, and left the place voyde where 
 they lay in campe. Owre men fuppofe them to bee a vagabiinde and wanderinge nacion Ijke vnto the 
 Scythians, withowte houfes or certeyne dwcUinge places, lyiiinge onely with the fniites of the earth, hauing 
 theyr wyues and chyldren folowinge them. Such as meafured their tbotefteppes in the fande, affirme with 
 greate othes, that one of theyr feete is almofl as longe as twoo feete of owre men of the mcane forte. Saylinge 
 on yet further, they founde an other ryusr, but not of deapth fufficient to beare the carauels. They fent 
 therfore the foure fhippe boates to lande, ful of armed men to fearch the countrey. They efp)ed vppon a 
 hyghe hyll nere vnto the fea fyde, a greate multitude of people, to whom owre coompany fent furthe one man 
 with certe}Tie of owtc thynges to allure them to exchaunge. And when he had cafl a haukes bell towarde 
 them, they cafl downe a wedge of golde a cubette longe. The which as he fl.oui)ed to take vppe, they foodenly 
 inclofed hym, and car)'ed hym awaye. But he was fliortly after refcued by his coompanyons, to fum of their 
 Paynes : for they flewe eyght of owre men, and wounded many a flirre of, with theyr arrowes, and ilartes made 
 of wood hardened at the endes with fyre. After this, they encoompafed owre fln'ppe boates within the r)-uer, 
 and came raflhelye within the reache of owre men, layinge houlde on the boates fydes, where they were thrufl 
 throwgh and hewen in peeces as it had byn fheepe, by reafon they were naked. Yet wolde they not for al 
 this, gj-ue ouer: but tooke from owre men one of their boates, hauing noo men in it. For the gouernour 
 therof being flayne with an arrowe, the other fledde and efcaped. And thus they lefte this fierce and warlyke 
 people, faylinge towarde the northwefte alonge by the fame coaftes, with forowfull hartes for the death of theyT 
 coompanyons. When they had foyled abowte. xl. leatjues, they chaunced into a fea of fuche freffhe water, 
 that they fylled thejT barelles and hogges heades therwith. Searching the caufe hereof, they vnderstoode that a 
 vehement courfe of ryuers difcended with great violence from the toppes of certeyne greate hylles. They fay 
 
 Eden. L 9; 
 
 C.ilM. Ciuilr 
 
 The ILimloaf 
 Can.ine 
 
 S. I.IMI<.'» ll.ltuic. 
 
 '1 !ic North pole 
 owtc or>ytint. 
 
 H.iMl.Tlite Kpgionit 
 vmltr the 
 l''.4uiiioi;ti.il lyne. 
 
 An other onicr tif 
 M.irrcs 
 
 A Ihycke mist 
 A r>'singc ill the 
 iiiyclilcbt ofthc 
 c.irlh. 
 
 41 
 
 I'ciiple ofhygh 
 
 A v.igabunde 
 kynde of men 
 
 Gi.intcs. 
 
 Desperate 
 bouldenes. 
 
 A se.i of frcshe 
 Wtilcr. 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 

 ^«i 
 
 ■HiMni 
 
 1 
 
 l;r 
 
 I* 
 
 98 
 
 The fyrji Decade. 
 
 M.my fniitcfiill 
 llaiulcs. 
 Iluinaiie poplc. 
 
 Mariatimbiill. 
 
 Camomorus. 
 Pariconi. 
 
 Kagions of P.irix 
 Clolde aiiJ pcrlcs. 
 Os Dra.OHis. 
 Cufnnna. 
 
 CttriiiH.i 
 The lio!i* earth 
 largely i.ikcii, 
 ni.iyc I'ec caukil 
 an Ilaiitic. 
 
 Maragnoiivi'" 
 a ryucr 
 of cxrcadingc 
 I rcadth an J fiitl 
 uf Hands loi.kc 
 decade ii. lihtir. i\. 
 
 42 
 
 noriostonica, ami 
 Spirio^tomea, 
 luuuthcs t)f lliL- 
 lyuer uf L)anulmis 
 
 Thff roiiiniinlitics 
 of ihc Kt;;;ujns 
 ami ll.tndca abuut 
 I'arix 
 llra»Uc 
 
 Mani fniitAil 
 llaiutes Icfte 
 desolate 
 Canibatcs. 
 
 Tree*, "f Cassia 
 fi>tul.. 
 
 Trees of maniclou! 
 bygscnes. 
 A ni'iiislrous 
 bi-aslc. 
 
 Atfrracion ofaycr 
 nixl change uf 
 nicate 
 
 Cathay in India 
 b«yontle the 
 ryuc- of ClanRcs 
 A shipwr^ite 
 by t';nipest. 
 
 alfo thilt there lyeth within the fea, many fortunate and fruitfull Ilandes, and well inhabyted: And that th[e]in- 
 habitantes of tiiis tracte are men of meeke nature and fuche as doo not refufe (Irangers: Yet lyttlc profytable 
 to them, byc:)ufe they had noo marchandyes for their purpofe, as golde or precyous flones. For lacke wherof, 
 they brought frome thenfe thyrtie captiues to fell for ilaues. 'rh[e]inhabitantes caule this Region Mariatambal. 
 The Region of the eafle parte of that ryuer, is cauled Camomorus: And that of the wefte parte, Parkora: in 
 the mid lande wherof, tli[e]inhabitantcs fignitied that there is grcate plentie of golde. For, folowynge this 
 ryuer directly toward the Northe (as the bendynge of the fliore requjred) they rccoi.ered ageyne the fyght of 
 the north p(jle. Ail the coalle of this tracte, perteyneth to Paria, the which (as we fayd before) was fyrft 
 founde by Co/onus hyni felfe, and hath in maner in euery place, grcate abnndaunce of pearles. They faye that 
 thefe coafl.es are adioynynge vnto, and all one with Os Draconis, and alfo borlherynge vppon the Regions of 
 Ciiiihuui, AfiiihrciJ/'diia, Ciirinmi, Cauchida, and Cuchibailwa. Wherfore they thought it to bee parte of the 
 firnie lande of India beyonde the r)uer of Gauges. For the grcate and large coompalTe therof, dothe not 
 permit that it niulde bee an I lande. Albeit, the hole earth vncouered with water, largely taken, may bee 
 cauled an Ilande. From the poynte of that land where they loft, the fight of the north pole, faylynge by a 
 continuall tracke abowte three hundreth leaques towardc the wefte fyde of Paria, they lay that almofte in the 
 niydile way, they chaunced into a ryuer cauled Mara,qiuviuni, which they affirme to bee of fuch cxcedinge 
 breadth, that it ni)>;ht feeine incredible, if the antiquitie dyd not make mention of the lyke. Beinge 
 demauntled of nie if it were not falte water where it diuided the lande, they anfwered, that the water therof 
 was very freflhe and fwecte: .\nd that the further it ranne, to bee foo muche the frefflier: Alfo full of Ilandes 
 and holfome fyflie. They dare auouche the breadth therof, to bee more then thirtie leaques. Yet if wee well 
 weighe and confyder the largenes and wydenes of Boriojlomca and Spiriojlcmca, the mouthes of the famous 
 ryuer of Ijhr (iiowe cauled Damihius) anil howe farre they violate or corrupte the falte water with their freflienes, 
 wee fliall ceafe to marueile, althov.-gh this other ryuer bee greater. For, who can diminyfrtie the poure of 
 nature, but that it may make this bigger then the other, and an other byggcr then this. And I fuppofe this to 
 bee llie r}i:er wherof Colonus the Admirall made mention in the difcription of his vyage in thefe coan.es. But 
 wee fliall herc.-.fter haue further knowleagc hereof Let vs nowe therfore returne to the commodities of thefe 
 Regions. They fowmk" in many Ilandes abowte Pai ia, great wooddes of brafile trees: And brought awaye 
 wiili tliem, three thoufande po'iiides wij^lit thereof. They fay ,iiat the brafile of HifpaJiiola, is muche better 
 then liiis, to d)e clothe with a more fayre and durable colour, trom henfe, folowynge the wynde (whiche the 
 Spanyardes caule Xordiicjl, and the Italians Gneco) iliey palled by many Ilandes very fruitefull, yet lefte 
 tlefolate and wafted by reafon of the crueltie of the Canibales. For they went alande in many places, and 
 fownde the mines of many deftroyed howfes. Yet in fum places, they founde men, but thofe exceadinge 
 fearefull, fl) iiige to the mountaynes, rockes, and wooddes at the fight of euery ftraunger or ftiippe, and wan- 
 deringe without houfes nr certeyne abydinge places, for t'oare of the Caniballes layinge wayte and huntinge after 
 them. Here they founde thofe great trees which of them felues in dyuers places bringe furth the fruite orfpice 
 whiche the Apothecaries caule Caffia fijhi/a: And that of noo Icffe goodnes then that which the phifitians 
 minifter to fuch as bee difeafed with the ague. But it was not ripe at theyr beinge there. They afHrme that 
 there are trees of fuche byggenes, that. j;vi. men ioyninge handes togyther and ftandinge in coompalTe, can 
 fcarfcly embrafc fum of them. I'monge thefe trees is fownde that monftrous be.ifte with a fnowte lyke a foxe, 
 a tayle Ijke a marmafctte, cares lyke a batte, handes lyke a man, and feete lyke an ape, bearing her whelpes 
 abowte with her in an owtwarde bellye much lyke vnto a greate bagge or purfe. The deade carkas of this 
 beaft, you fawe with me, and turned it ouer and ouer with yowre owne handes, ma.-ueylyngc at that newe belly 
 and wonderfuil prouifion of nature. They fay it is knowen by cxiierience, that fliet, neuer letteth her wiicli)es 
 goo owte of that purfe, "incept it bee eyther to play, or to fiicke, vntyl fuche tyme that they bee able to gette 
 theyr lyuing by them felues. They tooke this beafte with her whelpes: But the whelpes dyed ftiortely after in 
 the fliyppes. Yet the damme liued certeyne moonethes : But at the length, not beinge able to abyde foo greate 
 alteration of ayer, and chaunge of meate, (liee dyed alfo in the way. But of this beafte, wee haue fayde enowgh. 
 Let vs now tiierfore returne to the autoures of thefe thynges. Thefe twoo Piiizoni, the vncle and the neuie, 
 fufteyncd manye great trowbles ami horrible tempeftesand perilles in this n;.uigation. For when they had nowe 
 fayled by the coa'.les oi Paria abowte. vi. hundreth lea(|ues, and (as they fu])pofed) beyonde the citie of Cat/iav 
 and the coaftes of Ivifte India beyoinle the ryuer of Ganges, there rofe foodenly foo fierce a tempefte in the 
 moonelh of luly, that, of the foure carauels which they hatl with them, twoo were drowned euen becfore theyr 
 eyes: and the thyrde lyenge at anker, with lyke foodennej caryed owie of theyr fyght throwgh the violence of 
 the tempefte : The fourth alfo lyinge at anker, was foo fliaken and broofed, that al the feames therof were almoft 
 loofed. Yet came they to lande owt of this lafte fliyppe, but vtterlye de(payrynge of the fliyppe. Whertbre 
 confultynge with them felues what was bed to ' ec doone in foo extreeme a cafe, and how to prouide them a 
 fafc dwellinge place in thofe Regions beinge owt of al hope how to departe from thenfe, they determined 
 
 r' 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 99 
 
 1 that th[e]in- 
 tie profytablc 
 lacke wherof, 
 Mariatambal. 
 Piiricora: in 
 ilowynge this 
 : the fyght of 
 )re) was fyrft. 
 hey faye tliat 
 e Regions of 
 
 parte of the 
 of, dothe not 
 ken, may bee 
 lylynge by a 
 Imofte in the 
 ch excedinge 
 ke. Beinge 
 : water therof 
 ill of Ilandes 
 :t if wee well 
 f the famous 
 leir frcflienes, 
 the poure of 
 ippofe this to 
 :oafles. But 
 ities of thefe 
 ouglit awaye 
 nuche better 
 ; (whiche the 
 ull, yet lefte 
 
 places, and 
 
 cxceadinge 
 ie, and wan- 
 luntinge after 
 ruite or fpice 
 he phifitians 
 
 affirme that 
 Dm pa (To, can 
 
 l)ke a foxc, 
 
 her whclpcs 
 arkas of this 
 t newe belly 
 
 her whclpcs 
 ble to gcttc 
 rtcly after in 
 de fuogreate 
 yde cnowgh. 
 id the neuie, 
 cy had nowe 
 ie of Cathay 
 peflc in the 
 ecfcre thcyr 
 ! violence of 
 
 were almoft 
 
 \\'hcrfore 
 
 uide them a 
 
 determined 
 
 to fley all the inhabitantes of the contrey nere abowte them, leafte they with the other (hulde confpire togyther 
 to kyl them, but theyr fortune was better. For the carauell which the tempefte had caiyed away, was coonie 
 to them ageyne. This had in it. xviii. men: And the other that remayned, was faued and repayred. With 
 thefe two therfore, they tooke thoyr vyage directly to Spaine And thus beinge toffed with temi)e(les and vexed 
 with aduerfities, they returned to theyr natiue contrey of Palos, to theyr wyues and children, the day before 
 the Calendes of October, with the loffe of many of theyr dere frendes and neighbours. They browght with 
 them Cinamome and gynger: but not very good, bycaufe they were not there fully feafoned with the liette of 
 the foone before they brought them from thenfe. They browght alfo, certeyne precious (lones, whiche Baptijla 
 Elyfius, that excellent philofopher and yowre lortlediijipes phifitian, aflirmeth to bee trewe Topafes. After 
 thefe mens rotunie, other of theyr neighbours beinge moued thereto by a certeyne emulation, to proue yf theyr 
 fortune wolde bee anye better, lyke men of good corage, beinge nothing difcomforted liy the harde fortune of 
 theyr neighboures, knowinge that it often tymes chauncelh that that which is one mans vndoinge is an other 
 . mans makynge, attempted a newe vyage towarde the fowthe by the coafles of Paria, folowynge the flejjpcs of 
 Coloiius the Admiral, who had fyrfl difcouered the fame. They alfo browght with them greate plentie of Caffia 
 fijiula : And fownde that precious medicine cauleu of the Spanyardes, Aiiinia album, whofe perfume is of nioR 
 excellent effect to heale the reumes, murres, and heauines of the heade. As toucliinge this vyage, as yet I 
 knowe noo oilier newes that I thought worthy to certifie yowe of Wherfore, I wyl nowe make an ende of tiiis 
 booke, bycaufe yow put me fo often in remeniberance of your departure. Yet to accomplyfflie the Decade, I 
 wyll declare funiwhat of the fuperflitions of Jlij'p.viiila. Yowe lliall nowe therfore vndcrflund the ilhifions 
 whenvith the peoide of the Ilande haue byn feduced after the errours of the owlde gentilitie, and wandered in 
 the ignorance and blyndenes of humane nature corrupted by the difobedience of owr fyrll parentes, which hath 
 remayned in all nations vpon the face of the earth, except where it hath pleafed god by the lyght of his fiiirite 
 by his woorde, to ])0ure vppon his electe the grace of renouation, by the lyght wherof the n.iturall darkenes 
 receaueth fume clearenes as in a glaffe, vntyll imperfection flialbe abolyflied. Owre men therefore, were longc 
 in the Ilande of Jlifpanio/a, before tliey knewe that the peojilc thereof honorede any other thynge tlien the 
 lyghtes of heauen, or had any other Religion. But when theye had byne nowe longe conuerfante with them, 
 and by vnderftandyng their language, drewe to a furtber familiaritii?, they had knowleage that they vfed dyuers 
 rytes and fuperrtitions. I haue therfore gathered thefe fewe th)nges folowynge, owte of a booke wrytten by 
 one Hainoiiits an heremyte, whom Co/onus had lefte with certeyi.-; kynges of tiie Ilande to inflruct them in the 
 Chriftian fayth. And bycaufe in maner their hole religion is none otlier thing tiien Idolatry, I wyll begynne 
 at theyr Idoles. It is therfore apparente by the Images which they honour openly and commonly, that there 
 appere vnto them in the nyghte feafons certeyne ])hantafies and illufions of euyll fiiirites, feducinge them into 
 many fonde and folyfl'.e errours. I'or they make < erteyne Images of gollami)ine cotton foulded or wrethcd 
 after theyr maner, ani'. hard'. iTopped v.ithin. Tiicfe Images ihey make fytting, much lyke vnto the pictures of 
 fpries and deuelles which owr paynters are accullomed to jjaint vppon waules. But forafniuch as I my feife 
 fent yowe foure of thefe Images, yowe may better jirefently fignifie vnto the kynge )owre vncle, what maner of 
 thynges they are, and howe lyke vnto ])aynted deuelles, then I can exi)relTe die fame by wrytynge. Tiiefe 
 Images, th[e]inhabitantes caule Zemes: wherof the leafle, made to the lykenes of younge deueis. they bind to 
 theyr forheades when they goo to the warrcs ageynfl their enemies: And for that jjiirpofe haue they thofe 
 Arynges hannynge at 'hern ■vliich yowe fee. Of tl efe, they beleue to obteyne rayne if rayne be la< kyng, and 
 lykewyfe fay.-e wether. For they thinke tiiat thefe Zimcs aie the mediatours and meffeng "-.s of the greate god, 
 whom they acknowleage to be only one, eternall, withowte ende, omnijiotent and inuifible. Thus euery kynge 
 hath his particuler Zemcs which he honoureth. They caule the eternall god, by thefe twoo names, loca na, 
 and Giiamaoiiocon, as theyr prediceffours lawght them. Aliirniinge that he hath a father cauled 1/y thefe fyue 
 names: that is, AtlaMra, Maiiioiiti, Giiaiiimpita, Lidla, Guimazoa. Nowe fliail yowe heare what they 
 fable on the earth as touchingo the originall of man. There is in tl.j Ilande a Region cauled Caiinaiia, 
 wher they faync that mankynde came fyrli owte of twoo caues of a mountayne; anil that the byggefl 
 forte of men, came furdi of the mouth of the byggeft caue, and the leafl forte owte of the leade 
 caue. The rocke in the which thefe caues are, they caulo Caiila. The greatell denne, they n.ime 
 Cazibaxagua, and the lelTe Amaiaiina. They fay, that before it was lawful for men to come foorth of 
 the caue, the mouth of the caue was keiite and watched nyghtly by a man whofe i':nie was Afiti/iih/iar/. This 
 MachochacI, dejiartinge funiwhat farre from the caue to tli[e]intei.lc to fee wnat tliynges were abrode, was 
 foodenly taken of the foonne (vhofe fight he was forbydden) and was turned into a llone. They fiyne the lyke 
 of dyuers other, that whereas they went foorthe in the nyghte feafon a fyflliyngc, fo farre from the caue that tliey 
 couldf -.lOt returne before the ryfynge of the foone (the which it was not lawful for them to behold) they were 
 tr.'.iilformed into myrobalane trees, which of them felues growe p'entifull) in the Ilande. They fiye furdier- 
 raore, that a certeyne ruler cauled Vagoniotta , fent one furth of the caue to goo a fyflh)iige, who by l)ke chaunce 
 
 ! Extreme remeiiie 
 I in a dc-^pcrat 
 
 43 
 
 Ciiiamoiiie and 
 gy tiger 
 
 Topascs. 
 
 .\rcn of noble 
 curagc. 
 
 A nulher vyage 
 
 Anima album 
 
 The superstitions 
 of liispani").). 
 Ihi: crrmtrsiif ihtf 
 owKli.' gcniilitic. 
 
 The grace uf 
 rcnuuati>iii. 
 
 Kainnnus an 
 hcrctiiyte. 
 Mulatn' niiii 
 Itiule^ 
 
 IIliisi,.ns..f.;ivl 
 sjuritc^ 
 Itiiagt's of 
 gos^nipincroitoi) 
 
 Zcmei 
 Vuun(;c Jciiy!<i. 
 
 Mc<liat<tur«. 
 
 Only .me K..,i 
 
 ctcni.ill. 
 
 riif tiamcs rif jjo'l. 
 
 Thcfathtr ..f|;iij. 
 
 I'he nrn-inall i.f 
 iii.u' k)nile 
 
 ral.k'* tnu<-Ii lyke 
 Uiii.lc Ills 
 lranxf<iriiiatiun« 
 
 44 
 
 The iriiiin.i! </ 
 MiruL.iLinc it^vft 
 
S^f 
 
 lOO 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 c' 
 
 !f 
 
 The nighlingaie. 
 
 The Hand of 
 
 M.ithinino. 
 
 Children turned 
 into frngges. 
 
 A special! grace. 
 
 Holy reiiqtic^ 
 
 Women are 
 slippery caliayle. 
 Al wiscdome gucth 
 not by age. 
 
 Ilt!re nedtth sum 
 
 tropologicall 
 imerprLMinir. 
 
 AtyymiiioHt's 
 
 Preacher'* f.ir the 
 deuyt. 
 
 A veiiKcalik* 
 greatc guutil. 
 
 The originall ni' 
 thr sea. 
 
 45 
 
 Tlie orginall uf 
 I l.indcs. 
 
 A holy cauc. 
 
 1 ma^jes. 
 
 The originall of 
 the suuric and 
 iiioone 
 
 Fylgrainagc. 
 
 Walkynge ipr)'te«. 
 
 /HiHbi. 
 
 A rcmi-ilye 
 aiityii^i V ^ikyng 
 spriiu-s 
 
 was turned into a nyghtyngale bycaufe the foonne was r)-fcn beefore he came ageyne to the caiie : And that 
 yearelye abowte the lame tyme that he was turned into a byrde, he dothe in the nyght with a moornynge fonge 
 bewayle his myfTortune, and caule for the helpe of his niaifler Vagoniona. And this they thynke to bee the 
 caufe why that byrde fmgeth in the night feafon. But Vagoniona, beinge fore troubled in his mynd for the 
 lofle of his famiUer frende whom he loued foo intierly, leauinge the men in the cauc, brought foorth onely the 
 women witli theyr fuckynge chyldrcn, leauinge the women in one of the Ilandcs of that tracte, cauled Miit/iinino, 
 and caryed the chyldrcn awaye with hym : wbMh poore ,v retches opprcffcd with famine, fainted and remained 
 on the banke of a ccrtcine ryucr where they were turned into froggLS, and cryed ioa, toa, that is, mama, mama, 
 as chyldrcn are wont to cryc for the mothers pappe. And hereof lh(.'y fay it commeth that frogges \fe to cry fo 
 pytifully in the fprynge tyme of the yeare : And that men were fcattered abrode in the caues of Hifpaniola 
 withowte the comi)anye of women. They fay alfo, that whereas Vagoniona hym felfe, was accuflomed to 
 wander in djiiers ])laces, and yet by a fjjeciall grace, neuer tranfformed, defcended to a certeyne fayre woman 
 whom he fawe in the bottomc of the fea, and receaued of her certeyne pibple ftones of marble (whiche they 
 caule Cihas) and alfo ccrtcine yelowe and bright plates of laton, whiche they caule Gtianinos. Thefe thynges 
 to this day arc had in greate eflimation amonge the kyngcs, as goodly iewels and mod holy relit [ues. Thefe 
 men whiche we fayde before were lefte in the caues withowte women, went furth in the nyght (as they fay) to 
 wafflie them felues in a ponde of raine water and fawe a farre of by the way a greate multitude of certeine 
 beaftes in fha;)e fumwhat lyke vnto women, creping as thicke as antes aboute the myrobalane trees ; And that 
 as they atiempted to take thefe beaftes, they flypped owte of their handes as thev had byn yeles. ^Vhere vppon 
 tliey confulted, and determyncd by th[ejaduice of the elders, that al fuche Hiulde bee fowght foorthe amonge 
 them, as were fcabbyd and leprous, to th[e]intente that with theyr rowghe and harde handes, they myght th[e]- 
 efelyer take holde of them. Thefe men, they caule Caracaracoles : And fente them foorthe a huntinge to take 
 thefe beaftes. Hut of many which they tooke, they coulde keepe but only foure : The whiche as they woMe 
 haue vfed for women, ihey fownde that they lacked womrns priuities. Wherefore caulinge th[e]elders ageyne to 
 counfayle, to confult what were befte to bee done in this cafe, theyr aduice was that the byrde which wee caule 
 the Pye, fliuld bee admitted with his byli to open a place for that purpofe, whyle in the meane tyme thefe men 
 cauled Caracaracoks, fliulde hould faft the womens thighes abrode with theyr rowgh handes. Full wyfely ther- 
 fore was the pye put to this oftice, and opened the womens priuities, nd hereof the women of the Ilande haue 
 theyr original and offpringe. But nowe doo I ceafc to marueyle that the owlde Grekes dyd foble and wryte fo 
 manye bookes of the people cauled ^[yrmidoncs, which they fayned to bee engendred of antes or piflfemeres. 
 Thefe and fuche lykc, the fageft and w\ feft of the people, preache continually to the finiple forte, and reherfe 
 the fame as mofte holy oracles. But it is yet more chyldyfflie that they fable as touchinge th[e]originall of the 
 fca. For they foye that tiiere was once in the Ilande, a man of greate power, whofe name was Jaia : whofe only 
 foonne being dead, he buryed hym within a greate gourde. This laia, greuouflye tikjng the death of his 
 foonne, after a fewe moonthes, came ageyne to the gourde : The which when he had opened, there iffliewed 
 foorth man)' great whales and other monfters of the fea : where vppon he declared to fuche as dwelt abowte 
 hym, that the fea was enclofed in that gourde. By which ie])ort, foure brethren (borne of one woman 
 who dyed in her trauail) bcingc moued, came to the gourde in hope to haue many fyfflies. The whiche 
 when they had taken in theyr handes, and efi)ied laia comining, (who oftentymes reforted to the gourd 
 to vifet the boones of his foonne) fearing leaft he fliuIde fufpecte them of thefte and facrileage. fodaynely let 
 the gourde faule owte of theyr handes: which beinge broken in the faule the fea furthwith brake owte at the 
 ryfies therof, and fo fyllcd the vales, and ouerllowed the playnes, that only the mountaynes were vncouered, 
 whiche nowe conteyne the Ilaiuies which are feene in thofe coaftes. And tliis is the oppinion of theyr wyfe 
 men as concernyn. • th[e]originall of the fea. But nowe (moll noble prince) you fliall hcare a more pleadiunt 
 fable. There is a certeyne caue cauled louanaboina, in the territorye of a certeyne kynge wliofe name is 
 Machinnah. This caue they honour more religioufly then dyd the Grekes in tyme pafte, Corinth, Cyrrha, or 
 Nyfa: And haue adourncd it with pit tures of a thoufand faflliions. In th[e]enterance of this caue they haue 
 twoo grauen Zcmcs, wherof the one is cauled Binlfiaik/, and the other .Uarobu. Beinge demaunded why they 
 had this caue in foo greate reuerence, they anfwcred erneftly, bycaufe the Soonne and the Moone came fyrft 
 owt of the fame to g)ue lyglu to the worlde. They haue religious concourfe to thefe caues, as wee are 
 accuftomed to goo on Pylgramage to Rome or Vaticane, Compollele, or Hienifalem, and inoft holye and heade 
 places of owre Religion. They are alfo fubiect to an other kyntle of fuperftition. For they thinke that deade 
 folkes walke in the nyglit, and eate of the fruite cauled Gnannaba, vnknowen vnto vs, and fumwhat lyke vnto a 
 t|uynfe. Athrmynge alio that they are conuerfant with lyuing people, cucn in ihcyr beddes, and to deceaue 
 women in takynge vjion them the ftiape of men, Ihewynge them lehies as thowgh th' wolde haue to doo with 
 them; But when tlie matter commeth to actual deede, foodenly to vanyfllie away. If any doo fufpecte that a 
 deade body lyetli by hym when he feeleth anye llraunge iliyiige in the bedde, they fay hee fhalbe owt of ilout 
 
The fyyjt Decade. 
 
 lor 
 
 iima, mama, 
 
 by feclynge of the belly therot": attirmyng that the fpirites of deade men may take vppon them al the members 
 of mans body, fauingc only the nauell. If therfore by lacke of the naucU he doo perccaue that a dcade body 
 lyeth by hym, the feelynge is immediatly refolued. They beleue verely, that in the nyght, and often tymcs in 
 theyr iounvjys, and efpecially in common and hygh wayes, deade men doo meete with tlie lyuynge. Ageynfte 
 whome, if any man bee (loute and owtc of feare, tlie phantafyc vanyffheth incontinentel)-. But yf anye feare, 
 the phantafy or Nyfion doth foo aflaule hyn- id llryke hym with furtlier feare, that manye are tliereby adonyfllied 
 and haue the '.)nmies of theyr bodyes taken. 'rh[e]inhabytantes beinge dcmaunded of whom they had thofc 
 vayne fuperllicions, they anfwered that they were lefte them of theyr forefathers as by difcent of inheritance: 
 And that they haue had the fame (before the memory of man) compofed in certeine rymes and fonges, which 
 it was lawful for none to lerne but oncl)' the kynges foonnes, who commytted the fame to memorye, bycaufe 
 they hadde ncuer any knoweleage of letters. 'I'hefe they fynge beefore the people on certeyne folemnc and 
 fefliuall dayes, as mod religious ceremonies: whyle in the meane tynie they play on a certeyne inllrumente 
 made of one hole peece of woodde fumwhat holowe lyke a tymbrcll. Their preelles and diuines (whom they 
 caule Boitios) inftructe them in thefe fuperftiiions. Thefe preefles, are alfo phifitians, diuifmge a thoufande 
 craftes and fubtylties howe to deceaue the hmple people which haue them in greate reueronce. For they 
 perfuade them that the Zones vfe to fpeak with theym familierlye, and tel them of thynges to come. And if any 
 haue bin ficke and are recouered, they make them beleue that they obteyned theyr healthe of tlie Zfmcs. Thefe 
 Boitii, bynde them felues to muche Hiftinge and owtewarde clenlynes and pourgeinges : Efpecially when they 
 take vppon them the cure of any Prince. For then they drynke the ponder of a certeyne herbe, by whofe 
 (jualitie they are dryuen into a furye; At whiclie tyme (as they fay) they lerne many thynges by reuelation of 
 the Zemes. Then, puttinge fecreatly in theyr mouthes, eyther a (lone, or a bone, or a piece of fleflie, they 
 coomme to the ficke perfon, commaundinge al to departe owte of that place, excepte one or twoo, whom it (hall 
 pleafe the ficke man to appoynt. This doone, they goo about hym three or foure tymes, greatly deforminge 
 theyr faces, lyppes, and nofethrils with fundry fylthy giellures: blowynge, breathinge, and fuckyng the forheade, 
 temples, and necke of the pacient, wherby (they faye) thv y drawe the euyll ayer from hym, and fucke the difeafe 
 owt of his veynes. Then rubbinge hym about the flioulders, thyghes, and legges, and dra\vynge downe theyr 
 handes clofe by his feete, holdinge them yet fade togyther, they runne to the dore beinge open, where they 
 \'nclofe and (liake theyr handes, aftirminge that they haue dr)'uen away the difeafe, and that the pacient fliall 
 fliortely bee perfectly redored to health. After this, commynge behynde hym, he conueygheth the piece of 
 fleflie owte of his owne mouth like a iuggelcr, and flieweth it to the ficke man, fayinge, behoulde what you haue 
 eaten to muche : you fliall nowe bee hole, bycaufe I haue taken this from you. But if he intende yet further to 
 deceaue the pacient, he perftiadeth Iiyin that Iiis Zemcs is angry, eyther bycaufe he hath not buylded hym a chapel!, 
 oi' not honored hym religioufly, or not dedicated vnto him a groue or garden. And if it foo chaunce that the 
 ficke perfon dye, his kinffolkes by wytchecrafte enforce the deade to confeffe whether he dyed by naturall dedenye, 
 or by the neglygence of the Boitiiis, in that he had not faded as he fliulde haue doone, or not myiiidred a 
 conuenient medicine for the difeafe. Soo that yf this phifitian bee founde fautie, they take reuenge of hym. Of 
 the dones or bones which thefe Boitii carye in theyr mouthes, yf the women can coome by them, they keepe 
 them rcligiouny beleauiiige them to bee greatly elfectuall to helpe women whiche trauayle with chylde: And 
 therfore honoure them as they doo theyr Zemet. For dyuers of th[e]inhabitantes, honour Ztines of dyuers 
 faffliions. .Sume make theim of woodde, as they were admonydied by certeyne vifions apiieringe vnto them in 
 the wooddes. Others, whiche haue rcccaued anfwere of them amonge the rockes, make them of done and 
 marble. Sum they make of rootes to the fimilitude of fuche as appeare to them when they are gathering the 
 rootes cauled .-/^^r-.c wherof they make theyr breade, as we haue fayde before. Thefe Zeines, they beleue to fend 
 plentie and fnitcfulnes of tliofe rootes, as the antiquitie beleued fuche (iiyries or fpirites as they cauled Dnadts, 
 IlamadryaJcs, Stityros, Panes, and Kereities, to haue the cure and prouidence of the fea, wooddes, and fprynges 
 an<! founfa)-nes. a(rigninge to euery thynge, theyr peculier goddes. Euen foo doo th[e]inhabitantes of this 
 Ilande attribute a Zfmes to euery thynge, fuppofmgc the fame to gyue eare to theyr inuocations. Wherfore, as 
 often as the kynges afke rounfaile of their Zemes as concerning their warres, increafe of fruites or fcarfnes, or 
 health and fickenes, they enter into the houfe dedicate to theyr Zemes, where, fnuflinge vp into theyr nofethryls 
 the ponder of the herbe cauled Colwhba (wherwith the Boitii are dryuen into a fur)-e) they fay that immediatly 
 they fee the houfes turne fopfy turuye, and men to walke with theyr heeles vpwarde : of fuche force is this 
 ponder vtterly to take away all fenfe. As foone as this maddenes ceafeth, he embrafcth his knees with his amies, 
 holdynge downe his heade. And when he hath remayned thus a wliyle adonyfdied, he lyfteth vp his heade as 
 one th' * came newe owt of fleepe : And thus loking vp towarde heauen, Fyrd he fumbcleth certeyne confounded 
 woordf with hym felfe. Then certeyne of the nobilitie or chiefe gentelmen that are about him (for none of the 
 common people are admytted to thefe my(ieries) with lowde voyces gyue tokens of reioyfing that he is returned 
 to tiicni from the fpcachc of the Zemes, dcmaundyngc of hym what he hathc feenc. Then hee opcninge his 
 
 L 3 101 
 
 Ph.'int.isie^ 
 pritcc.ldynge of 
 fcaru. 
 
 Al is not good that 
 is owlde 
 
 Syngyngo .mil 
 phiyuigc 
 
 Prcestes and 
 diuines. 
 
 Phisitians. 
 Ignorance is 
 nt»ry^hcd with 
 suiicrstition. 
 
 F.^^tynge and 
 uulward ctuntynes. 
 
 A ponder nf 
 ln:iiiieIous etleLte. 
 
 luggelynge. 
 
 A strange iiiancr 
 of curing 
 
 46 
 
 Angcry gnds 
 
 They make the 
 dcauc to speake. 
 
 Dm. r> Mulsnf 
 hunJry ^tiape. 
 
 Fayricsur '^itintc!' 
 uf the gcntytes. 
 
 Peculier goddes. 
 
 ihcya.kf 
 
 cun!>ailc uf ldul> 
 
 Tilt: pmidi^r uf th« 
 
 hcrlw Cohnbl,;.. 
 
 SccriMic lIli^t^.■rie'^ 
 
 f^ 
 
I02 
 
 The fyyjl Decade. 
 
 Kciiclations. 
 
 riic vpiritc of 
 Apollo. 
 The Sibilles 
 
 I h.me hnrde the 
 Ivkc (if other in 
 '»ngl.iiuic. 
 
 Hungery and 
 Itjchcrous gods. 
 
 t'hildrcn wlih two ; 
 urowiies 
 
 47 1 
 
 W,-indcringe 
 Ijniijcs. 
 
 Medi.itours. 
 
 A woman zeincs 
 of great poure. 
 
 Fyuc daycs 
 faiitinge. 
 
 A marueloits 
 ititision of tlic 
 deuyll. 
 The deiiyll 
 sumtyme telleth 
 truth. 
 
 •Ihe Idols 
 abolyshud. 
 
 mouthe, doateth that the Zenies fpake to hym duryng tlie tyme of his traunce : declaring that he had reuelations 
 eythcr concerninge victorye or deflniction: famyne or plentie: health or fyckenes, or what foo euer hajipeneth 
 f)Tll on his toonge. Nowe (mofle noble Prince) what neede you hereafter to marueyle of the fpirite of Apollo 
 foo fliakynge his Sibylles with extreme furie? Yowe had thowght that the fuperflitious antiquitie haddc 
 pciyflicd. But nowe wheras I haue declared thus much of the Zmies in generall, I thowght it not good to lette 
 jiafle what is fayde of them in particulcr. 'I'hcy faye therefore, that a certtnne kynge cauled Guamaretus, had 
 a Zcmcs whofe name was Ccrochotiim : who (they fay) was often tymes woonte to defcende from the hygheflc 
 place of the houfe where Guamaretus kepte hym fade bounde. They aftirme, that the caufe of this his 
 breakynge of his bandes and departure, was cyther to hyde hym felfc, or to goo feekc for meate, or els for the 
 acte of generation : And that fumtymes beinge oftended, tliat the kynge Guamaretus had byn negligent and 
 flacke in honouringe hym, he was woont to lye hyd for certeyne dayes. They fay alfo that in the kynges vylage 
 there are fumtyme chyklren borne liauing twoo crownes which they fuppofe to bee the children of Corcchotum 
 the Zcmcs. They fayne lykcwyf";, that Guamaretus beinge ouercome of his enemies in the battayle, and his 
 vylage with the palaice confumed with f) er, Corocliotus brake his bandes and was afterwarde founde a furlonge of, 
 fafe and withowte hurte. He hath alfo an other Zcmcs cauled Epilcguanita, made of woodde, in (hape lyke a foure 
 footed beafte : who alfo is (iiyde, often tymcs to haue gonne from the place where he is honoured, into the wooddes. 
 As foone as they perceaue him to bee gonne, a great multitude of them gather togyther to feeke hym with deuoute 
 prayers : And when they haue fownde hym, brynge hym home rcligioufly on tlieyr flmlders to the chapell dedicated 
 vnto hym. But they cooni])layne that fence the commynge of the Chridian men into the Ilande, he fledde for all 
 togyther, and coulde neuer fence l)';e fnunde, wherby they diuined the deflruction of theyr countrey. They honoured 
 an other Zcmcs in the lykenes of a woman, on wlioni wayted twoo other lyke men, as they were miniflers to 
 her. One of thefe, e.xecuted th[e]office of a mediatour to the other Zcmcs which are vnder the power and 
 commaundcment of this woman, to rayfe wyndcs, cloudes, and rayne. The other is alfo at her commaunde- 
 mente a mclTenger to the other Z'mcs whiclie are ioyned with her in gouernaunce, to gather togyther the waters 
 whiche faule from the hygh hylles to the valleys, that beinge loofei!, they may with force burll owte into greate 
 fluddes and ouerflowe the countrey if the people doo not gyue due honoure to lier Image. There remayneth 
 yet one thynge woorthy to bee noted, wherwith we wyll make an ende of this booke. It is a thynge well 
 knowen, and yet frefflie in memory amoiige the inhabitantes of the Ilande, that there was fumetyme twoo 
 kynges (of the which one was the father of Guarionc.xius of whom we made mention before) which were woont 
 to abdeyne fyue dayes togyther continually from meate and drinke, to knowe fumwhat of theyr Z-w« of thynges 
 to coome : .\nd that for this faftyngj beinge acceptable to theyr Zcmcs, they receaued anfwere of them, that 
 within fewe yeares, there fliuld coome to the Ilande a nation of men couered with apparell, which fliulde 
 deftroye al the cuflomes and cer)inonyes of the Hand, and eythcr fley all theyr chyklren, or brynge them into 
 feruitude. The common fort of the people, vnderdoode this orac! i to bee mente of the Canibales. And 
 therefore when they had any knowleage of theyr commyng, they euer fledde, and were fully determyned neuer 
 more [to] aduenture the battayle with them. But when they fawe that the Sjjanyardes had entered into the 
 Ilande, confultinge anionge them felues of the matter, they concluded that this was the nation which was ment 
 by tli[e]oracle. Wlierin, theyr opinion deceaueil them not. For they are nowe all fubiecte to the Chriftians. 
 all fuche beinge flayne as doobernely refided. Nor yet remayntth there anye memory of theyr i5rwi« : for 
 they are al brought into Spayne, that we inyght bee certified of theyr illufions cf euyl fjiirites and Idoles, the 
 which yowe yowre felfe (mod noble Prince) haue feenc and felte when I was prefente with yowe. I let paffe 
 many thynges bycaufe yow put me in remembrance that to morowe yowe take yowre iorney towarde yowTC 
 countrey, to brynge home the queene yowre aunte, whom yowe accoompanyed hether at the commaundemente 
 of kynge Freder)ke yowre \ncle. AN'herforc I byd yowe farcwel for this tyme, dcfyrynge yowe to remember 
 yowre Martyr, whonie yowe haue comiielled in the name of the kynge yowre vncle, to gather tiiefe fewe 
 thynges owte of a large feekle of hydoryes. 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 103 
 
 f[ The tenth and laste rooke of the fyrst decade, 
 
 as a coHclufion of the foyjuer bookcs: 
 
 Wrytten /<? Inacus lopez Mendocius, ^o//«//^ <?/"Tendilla, andviccroye ^Granata. 
 
 T the fyTft begynnynge and newe attempte, when Co/onus had taken vppon hym th[e]enter- 
 pr)fe to fearch the Ocean fea, I was erneftly moued and requyrcd by the letters of certcyne 
 of my frendes and noble men of Rome to wryte fuche thynges as flioulde happen. For they 
 whyfpered with greate admiracion, that where as there were many newe landes fountle, and 
 nations which lined naked and after tlie lawe of nature, they coulde Iiere noo certentie 
 therof, beinge greately defyrous of the dime. In this nieaiie tyme hail fortune ouerthrowne 
 Aj'caniiis (his brother I.odouike beinge cafl owt of Mylayne by the frenchnitn) whofe 
 autoritie wold not fuffer me to bee idle, but euer to haue my pen in hande. To hym I wryte the twoo fyril 
 bookes of this decade, befyde many other of my hyd commentaries wliiche yowe (hall fee fhortely. Fortune 
 dyd noo leffe withdrawe my mynde frome wrytynge, then diflurbe Afcaniiis from power. As he was toffed with 
 contrary ftomies and ceafed to perfuade me, euen foo flacked my feruentnes to entiuyre any furtlicr, vntyl the 
 yeare of Chrifle. 1500. When the court remayncd at Granata wheie yowe are viceroye: At which time 
 Lodouike the Cardinall of Aragonie, neuie to kynge Frederike by his brothers fyde (beinge at Granata with 
 the queene Parthaiopea the fyfter of owre catholike kynge) browght me kynge Frederikes letters, wherby he 
 exhorted me to fynyflie the other bookes whiche folowed the twoo epyflell bookes, which I wryte to AfC'inius. 
 For they both acknowleaged that they hadde the copie of all that I wryte to cardinall Afcanius. And .ilbeit 
 that euen then I was ficke (as yowe knowe) yet tooke I the burden vppon me, and applyed my felfe to wr>-tynge. 
 I haue therfore chofen thefe fewe thynges, owte of a greate heape of fuche as fecnied to me mod woorthy to 
 bee noted amonge the large wrytynges of the autoures and fearchers of the fame. Wherfore, forafmuch as yowe 
 haue endeuoured to wrefte owt of my handes the hole exemple of al my woorkes, to adde the fame to the 
 innumerable volumes of yowre librarie, I thowght it good nowe to make a breefe reherdiU of thofe tli) nges 
 which were done from that yeare of a thowfande and fyue hundreth, euen vnto this yeare which is the tenth 
 from that. For I entende to wryte more largelye of thefe thynges hereafter, if god graunte me lyfc. I hadde 
 wrytten a hole booke by it felfe of the fujierflitions of the people of the Ilande, fuppofinge therwith to haue 
 accomplyflied the hole Decade confiflynge of tenne bookes. But I haue added this to the tenthe as a per- 
 pendiculer lyne, and as it were a backe guyde or rerewarde to the other: So that yowe may knytte the fyrfl. 
 tenthe, to the nynthe, and impute this to occupie the place of the tenthe to fyll vp the Decade. This order 
 haue I appoynted, left I fliulde bee compelled often times to wryte ouer the hole woorke, or fende yowe the 
 fame defaced with blottes anil interlynynge. But nowe let vs coome to owre purpofe. The fliipiie maflers 
 and maryners ranne ouer many coaftes dur)'nge thefe tenne yeares: But euer folo«ed fuche as were fyrfte 
 fownde by Coloniis. For rafinge continually alonge by the tracte of Paria, which they beleue to bee parte of 
 the firine lande or continent of eafte India, fume of theym chaunced vppon certeyne newe landes towarde the 
 eafte, and fume towarde the wefte, in which they fownde bothe goulde and frankenfence. f or tliey browght 
 from thenfe many iewels and ouches of golde, and greate plentie of frankenfence, whiche they had of the 
 people of thofe countreys, partely for exchange of fume of owre thynges, and partely by force, cuercommynge 
 them by warre. Yet in fume places, althowgh they bee naked, they ouercame owre men, and flewe hole 
 armyes. For they are e.xcedinge fierce, and vfe venemous arrowes, and longe ftaues lyke iauelens, made harde 
 at the cnde with fyer. They fownde many beaftes, both creepinge and foure footed, muche differinge from 
 owres, variable and of fundrye fliapes innumerable: yet not hurtfull, excepte Lyons, 'I'ygers, and Crocodiles. 
 This I meane in fundry Regions of that greate lande of Paria: but not in the Ilandes: Noo not foo much as 
 one. For all the beaftes of the Ilandes, are meeke and withowte hurte, except men wliich (as wee haue fayde) 
 are in many Ilandes deuourers of mans fleffhe. There are alfo dyuers kyndes of foules. And in many places 
 battes of fuch bygnes, that they are equall with turtle doues. Thefe battes, haue often tymes aflauted men in 
 the nyght in theyr fleepe, and foo bytten them with theyr venemous teethe, that they haue byn therby ilmofte 
 dryuen to madnes, in foo much that they haue byn compelled to flye from fuch places, as from rauenous harpies. 
 In an other place, where certeyne of them flepte in the nyght feafon on the fandes by the fea fyde, a monfter 
 commynge owte of the fea, came vppon one of them fecreatly and caryed hym away by the myddefte owte of 
 the fight of his felowes to whome he cryed in vayne for lielpe vntyll the beaftc lepte into the fea with her praye. 
 
 The Lan-e of 
 nature. 
 
 Ntil.iync in the 
 liancl-i i.f the 
 frenchiiien 
 
 48 
 
 Kpi^lel bouks 
 
 I 
 
 The historyc 
 , fol.twint;, 
 
 coiilcyiiLth t)ic 
 ' actcs uf ten ycir-. 
 
 P.iri.i, part of tlm 
 firnm \?\\i\ uf K.isl 
 India 
 
 ; (;..Me;ind 
 
 fraiikyn-ciKc. 
 
 Tlic fierccncs of 
 the ii.(kt.-(l pcupk 
 Itiiniim.-r.itilt? 
 bcastcs Milyke 
 vnto owrcs. 
 
 N"tliinu hurtiull 
 in the ll.inilcs. 
 
 Battes .is tiyt;^ 
 I as turtle ilutK'i. 
 
 A tnitn ilciiuurL-<l 
 of a nii)n-.ter of 
 I'lC sea 
 
I04 
 
 The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 
 % \ 
 
 The SpanyarJe* I 
 jtrofer them stiue* ' 
 t'l sulxluetlie 
 itewe landes. t 
 
 Note the lartjcne* ' 
 of the neue lander \ 
 
 (."'mimendacion of 
 the Spaniardcs. 
 
 A Htipodti. 
 
 49 
 
 Theautiitiis 
 excusse. 
 
 llisftinii^ta. 
 
 The n;iliire > if the 
 jil.ice. altcrtih 
 ilie formes .uiJ 
 niiahties of 
 ihyugcs. 
 
 Whc.itc 
 HcrU-s 
 Cat.iylc. 
 Hogges. 
 
 IMentie of l»castc^ 
 and foule. 
 
 Cuba, is an 
 lUnde. 
 
 The description 
 of Cuba. 
 
 Thellan.tnf 
 Biincheina or 
 S. lohannis. 
 GuKle mynes 
 
 The order of 
 wocrkyngc in the 
 
 };ulde myne^ 
 Thekynge^ 
 brynge thej r 
 
 Rui'iectes 
 to woorke in 
 the guide titynct. 
 
 iyllage, 
 
 50 
 
 They abhorre 
 
 laboure 
 
 Thev arc docible. 
 
 The kynge^ 
 chyldrcn. 
 
 It was the k)-nges pleafurc that they fliulde remayne in thefe landes, and biiylde townes and fortrefles. ^\^le^e 
 vnto they were foo «tl wyHynge, that ilyuers profered them felues to take vppon them the fubduing of the 
 lande, nukyng great futc to tlie kynge tli.it they niii;ht bee appoynted thcrto. The coafte of this tracte is 
 exceadynge greate and large: and the Regions and landes therof extende maruelous farre: Soo that they 
 afRrme the continent of thefe Regions with the Ilandes abowte the fame, to bee thryfe as bygge as al Europe, 
 befyde thofe landes that the I'ortiigales haue fownde fouthwarde, whiche are alfo exceadynge Ijrge. Therfore 
 doubtleffe S[>ayne hathe defcrued grt-.ite prayfe in thefe owre dayes, in that it hath made knowen vnto us foo 
 many thowfondes of Autipoda whicli Icye hyd before and vnknowen to owre forefathers : And hath thereby 
 mynyrtred fo large matter to wr)te of, to fiiche lerned wvttes as are defyrous to fette fiirthe kr.owleage to the 
 commo<litie of men : to whom 1 ojienetl a way when I gathered tliefe thynges rudely to g)ther as yowe fee : 
 The which, neuerthelcffe I tnifl yowc wyll take in good parte, afwell for that I can not adoume my rudenes 
 with better vcllure, as alfo that I neuer tooke i)enne in hande to wryte lykc an hifloriographcr, but only by 
 epiftel-s f<;ril>cled in hafte, to fatiffie theym, from whofe coniinaundementes I niyght not drawe backe my foote. 
 But now I haue tligrenTed enowglie. Let \s p.owe therefore retiirne to Ilifpaniola. Owtc men haue founde by 
 exjierience, that the breade of the llantl is of fniaule (Irength to fuch as haue byn vfi.-d to owt breade made of 
 wheate : And that theyr flren[g]thes were much decayed by vfynge of the (iiine. Wherfore the king hath of late 
 commaunded that wheate fliulde bee fowen there in diuers places and at fundry t>ines of the yeare. It groweth 
 into holowe reeiles, with fewe eares, but thofe verye bygge and fnitefuU. They fyiule the lyke foftenes or delicatenes 
 to bee in herbes, "^hich growc there to the height of come. Neat ur cattail, becoome of bygger (lature and 
 exceadynge fat, but theyr tlefllie is more vnfauery, and theyr bones (as they fay) eyther withowte niarje, or the 
 fame to bee \ enix* wateryffhe. Hut of hogges and fwyne, they aflimie the contrarye, that they are more holfoome 
 and of better Utile, by rcafon of certeyne wylde fnites whiche they eate, beinge of niuche better noorjfliement 
 then made. There is almod none otlicr kynd of tlcflhe commonly foulde in the market. Tlie multitude of hogges, 
 are excedingly encreafed, and becoome wylde as foone as they are owte of the fwyneheardes keepynge. They 
 haue fuche plentie of beaftes and foules, tha' they (liall heareafter haue noo neede, to haue any brought from 
 other places. Th[e]increafe of all beafles, growc b\ggcr then the broode they came of, by reafon of the rankenes 
 of the paflure, althowgh the)T feadynge bee only < • r.ifl'e, withowte eyther barley or other grayne. But wee 
 haue (ayde enowgh of Hifpaniola. They haue now c fo\vnde that Cuba, (which of longe t) nie they thowght to 
 haue byn firme lande for the greate length therof) is an Ilande. Yet is it noo maniell that th[e]inhabitantes them 
 felues towlde owre men when the)' fearched the length therof, that it was withowte ende. For this nacion being 
 naked and contente with a Ijttle, and « ith the limittes of theyr owne contrey, is not greatly curyous to know 
 what the)T nc-yghbours doo, or the largenes of theyr dominion. Nor yet knewe they if there were any other 
 thinge vnder heauen, befxde that whiche they walked on with theyr feele. Cuba, is frome the Karte into the 
 Welle, muche longer then Hifpaniola : And in breadthe from the Nortlie to the Southe. much k-lTe then they 
 fuppofed at the fvTfl : for it is very narowe in refpecte to the length : And is for the molle parte, very frutefuU 
 and plealaunt, E.^ftwarde not farre from Hifpaniola, there lyetiie an Ilande, lelTe then HifpaitiotiX more then by 
 the halfe, which owTe men cauled Saiifli lo/iaiinis, beinge in nianer fquare. In this they founde excetlynge r)che 
 golde mynes. But beinge nowe occupied in the golde mynes of Hifpaniola, thc\ haue not yet fent labourers into 
 that Hand. But the plentie and reuenewe of golde of al other Regions, g)ue place to Hifpaniola, where they 
 gyue theim felues in maner to none other thynge then to gather golde, of which woorke this order is appojnted. 
 To euery fuch wyttic and IkylfuU man as is put in tnifle to bee a furuoier or ouerfeer of thefe woorkes, there is 
 afligned one or more k)-nges of the Ilande with theyr fubiectes. Thefe kynges accordyng to theyr league, coome 
 with theyr jxrople at certeyne t) nies of the yeare, and reforte euer)- of them to the golde myne to the which he is 
 affigned : where they haue all maner of dygginge or myninge tooles deliuered them : And euery k)T)ge with his 
 men, haue a certe\iie rewanle alowed them for tlie)r labour. For when they dejarte from the mynes to fowynge 
 of come, and other tyllage (wherunto they are addict at certeyne other tymes, leafle the>T foode (liulde fayle 
 them) they receaue for theyr laboure, one a ierken, or a dublet, an other a (hcrte, an other a clokc or a capi)e. 
 For they nowe take jileafure in thefe thynges, and goo no more naked as they were went too doo. And thus 
 they vfe the helpe and laboure of the inhabitantes both for the tyllage of theyr ground, and in theyr gold mines 
 as thowghe they were theyr feruauntes or boiulemen. They beare this yoke of feruitude wi.i, an euyl! wyll : but 
 > et they beare it ITiey caule thefe hyred labourers, Anaborias. Yet the kynge doth not fufler that they fhulde 
 Ijce vfed as bondemen: And onely at his pleafure they are fette at libertie or appoynted to woorke. .At fuche 
 tyme as they are cauled together of theyr kynges to woorke (as fouldiers or pioners are affcmbletl of theyr 
 centurians) many of them ftele away to the mountaynes and wooddes, where they lye lurkynge, beinge content 
 for that t)-me to lyue with wyld frutes, rather then to take the paynes to laboure. They are docible and apte to 
 leme, and haue nowe vtterly forgotten theyr owlde fuperfticions. They beleue godlj , and beare wel in raemor>- 
 fuche thynge- as they haue lemed of owre faith. Theyr kynges children are brought vp with the chiefefl of owre 
 
The fyrjl Decade. 
 
 J 05 
 
 men, and are inftructed in letters and good maners. When they are growen to mans age, they fende them home 
 to thejT countreys to bee exemple to other, and efpecially to goueme the people if theyr fathers bee dead that 
 they niaye the better fct foorthe the Chriftian Religion, and keepe the}T fubiectes in loue and obedience. By 
 reafon whereof, they coome nowe by fayre meanes and gentell perfuafions to the myncs which lye in twoo 
 Regions of the Uande aboute thirtie niyles diflante frome the citie of Dcmiinica : wherof ilie one is cauled Sanni 
 Chrijlophori: And the other being diflante aboute foure fcore and tenne myles, is cauled Cibaua, not farre from 
 the cheefc hauen cauled Partus Rty^alis. Thefe regions are ver>' large: In the which in many places here and 
 there, are fownd funityme euen in the vpper cruft of the earth and fiinitv-me amonge the ftonts, certeyne rounde 
 pieces or plates of golde, furatyme of fmaule quantitie, and in funi places of great v.tyght : In fo muche that there 
 hath byn found rounde pieces of three hundreth pounde weyght. and one of tliree thoufande, three hundreth 
 and tenne pounde weyght: The whiche (as yowe harde) was fcntc hole to the kynge in that fliypjie in the which 
 tlie gouemour Boadilla was comming home into Spa\ne, the ihyppe with all the men Ijcinge drowned by the 
 way, by reafon it was ouer laden with the weight of golile and multytude of men. Albeit, there were moo then 
 a thowefande perfons whiclie fawe and handeled the piece of goUle. And wheras here I fpeake of a pounde, 
 I doo not meane the common pounde, but the fumme of the ducate of golde, with the coyne cauled Trit-ns, 
 which is the thyrde parte of a pounde, whiche they caiile I'lfiis. The fum of *he weyght hereof, the Spanyardes 
 caule Citjhi/antiiii Aiirfum. Al the golde that is dygged in the mountajnes of CUuiiiti and Porte Regale, is 
 caryed to the towre of Conception, where flioppes with al tl.jnge.i appcrte) ninge are redy fumyffhod to fyne it, 
 melte it, and cade it into wedges. That doone, they take the kynges portion therof, «Iiiche is the fyfte parte, 
 and foo reflore to euery man his owne whiche he gotte with his labour. But the golde whiche is fownde in 
 faynt Chriflophers niyne and the Region there aboute, is caryeil to the fhopjies whiche are in the vylage cauled 
 BoiiiiKiiitura. In thefe twoo (hoppes, is molten yerely, aboue three hundreth thoufand jiounde weight of golde. 
 If any man bee knowen deceatefully to keepe backe any portion of golile, whereof he hailic nut made the kynges 
 officers pr)iiie, he forfiteth the fame for a fyne. There chiunce amonge them often tymes many contentions 
 and controueriies, the whiche onleffe the magillrates of the Ilande doo fynyfflie, the cafe is remoued by appellation 
 to the hyghe counfayle of the coi'rte, from whofe fentence it is not lawluU to appele in all tlie dominions of 
 Caftyle. But lette vs nowe retunie to the newe landes frome whenfe we haue digretfed. The_\- are innumerable, 
 d)-uers, and exceadynge fortunate. Wherfore the Spanyardes in thefe owre dayes, and theyr noble enterpryfes, 
 doo not g>'ue place eyther to the factes of Satunnis, or Iltraiks, or any other of tlie ancient princes of famous 
 memorie which were canonized amonge the goddes cauled Heroes for the)T fearchinge of newe landes and 
 regions, and bringinge the fame to better culture and ciuilitie. Oh God : howe large and farre flial owre 
 pofleritie fee the Chrillian Religion extended ? Howe large a campe haue they nowe to wander in, whiche by 
 the trewe nobilitie that is in tlie) m, or mooued by vertue, wyll attempte eyther to deferue lyke prayfe amonge 
 men, or reputacion of well doinge liefore god. What I conceaue in my mynde of thefe thynges, I am not able 
 to exprefle with penne or tonge. I wyll nowe therfore foo make an ende of this jicqx-ndiculer conclufion of the 
 hole Decade, as mj-ndinge hereafter to fearche and gather euer)- thynge particulerlye, that I ma) e at further 
 leafure wr)te the fame more at large. For Co/onus the Admiral with foure fhypjKS, and a hundreth threefcore 
 and tenne men appoynted by the kynge, difcouered in the yeare of Chrifle. 1502. the lande ouer ageynfte the 
 wefte corner of Cuhi, diftant from the fame aboute a hundreth and thirtie leaques: In the niyddell of which 
 tracte, lyeth an Ilande cauled Guanajfa. From henfe he directed his \Tage backewarde towarde the Fade 
 by the fliore of that coafl, fuppofmge that he rtiulde haue foundc the coaftes of Faria: but it chaunced 
 othen\-yfe. It is fayd alfo that Vincentiiis Ai^ues (of whom we haue fpoken before) and one Johannes Diaz 
 (with d>'uers other of whofe \7ages I haue as yet no certeyne knowleage) haue ouer runne thofe cnafles. 
 But if God graunt me life, 1 trull to know the truthe hereof and to aducrtife yowe of the (lime. Tlius fare 
 ye well 
 
 The two cliiefc 
 guide iiivne^ uf 
 nispaniuu 
 
 Golde founde in 
 the \'p(>er part of 
 the c-inh. 
 
 -A piece of (jnljc 
 
 weiKhiiige three 
 ] thou^nde three 
 
 hundreth and ten 
 \ pounds. 
 
 A cnaslly ship 
 
 j wr.iVe. 
 
 r.ius. 
 
 The fynynpe .tnd 
 di-strilutmn of 
 golde. 
 
 I Three hnndrcth 
 I th'-us Mid weyght 
 I of g.ld molten 
 
 yerely in 
 
 nis(i;inii>la. 
 
 C'ontroiierses 
 
 The news landes. 
 
 The Sp.inynrdes 
 noble cnlcri>ryT,es. 
 are not inferioiir 
 to the actes of 
 Hercules or 
 S.itumiis. ctc- 
 Knlar^in>; of the 
 Christian Religion 
 The origiiiall of 
 trewe nobilitie. 
 
 51 
 
 '1 he Ilande of 
 
 The vy.igc of 
 
 C The fecoiide Decade /oi<ru'eth. 
 
^w 
 
 I* 
 
 ■■■ 
 
 io6 
 
 Wc>t Antipoilev 
 
 The increase of 
 
 the Christian 
 cungrcgatioii. 
 
 Chriitof>hi:>yns 
 
 CciOHHS. 
 
 Of lantles dist.intc 
 from the 
 
 Kquinuctiall fr<*iii 
 fyue degrees to 
 tetu 
 
 Ihc death of 
 Col onus. 
 Agenerall lycence. 
 
 'I'he nauiK.ition of 
 Alphonsus Fogcda. 
 
 52 
 
 l\rttis 
 CiXrtkiXgtHis. 
 
 The Repion uf 
 Caramairi. 
 Feopie of goodly 
 ^tJture 
 
 Apples whiche 
 lume into 
 woormes. 
 
 CTHE FYRST BOOKE OF THE SECONDE DECADE, 
 
 TO LEO BYSSHOP OF ROME, THE TENTHE OF THAT NAME, 
 Of the fuppofed Continent or firme lande. 
 
 JENSE tlie tyme that Gahatius Butrigarius of Bononie,and Johanna 
 Ciirjiiis of Florence (mofte holye father) came to the catholyke 
 kynge of Spayne, the one, of yowre holynes ambafage, and 
 th[e]other for th[e]affaires of his common welth, I was euer for 
 the mofle parte in theyr coompanie, and for theyr vertues and 
 wyfcdoome, had theym in greate reuerence And wheras they 
 were greatly gyuen to Audye, and continual! reuoluinge of 
 dyuers autours, they chaunced vppon certeyne bookes negli- 
 gently let flyppe owte of my handes, entreatinge of the large 
 landes and Regions hetherto lyinge hyd, and alraoft weft 
 Aiiti/od'cs, fownde of late by the Spanyardes. Yet beinge 
 allured and delited with the newenes and llrangenes of the 
 matter althowgh rudely adoumed, they commended the fame : 
 Thcrwith erneflely defyrmge me in the)T owne names, and 
 reciuyring me in the name of yowr holynes, to adde here 
 vnto all fuche thynges as were fownde after that tyme, and to gyue 
 them a cojjie thereof to fende to yowte holynes, that yowe myght 
 therby vnderflande, bothe howe greate commodide is chaunced 
 to the progen)c of mankynde, as alfo increafe of the militante congregation in thefe owre dayes, by the fortunate 
 cnterpryfes of the kjTiges of Spa)Tie. For lyke as rafed or vnpaynted tables, are apte to receaue what 
 fonnos foo eucr are fyrll drauL'n theron by the hande of the paynter, euen foe thefe naked and fimple 
 jicuple, doo foone receaue the cuftomes of owre Religion, and by conuerfation with owtc men, (hake of 
 tiii-yr tierce and natiue liarbaroufnes. I haiie thowght it good therfoi.. to fatifiie the retiueft of thefe 
 wyfe men, efpecially vfinge th[e]autoritie of yowre name, wherunto not to haue obeyed, I (hulde 
 efteeme my felfe to haue comm)tted a heynous offence. Wherefore I \\y\ nowe brefely reherfe in order, what 
 hyd coaftes the Spanyardes ouerranne, who were the autours therof, where they refted, what further hope they 
 browght, and fynallye what great thynges thofe tractes of landes doo promeffe in tyme to coome. In the 
 declaration of my decade of the ( )cean, which is nowe printed and difperfed throwghowte Chriftendome 
 vnwares to nic. I defcribeti howe Chiijlophorus Co/o/iiis fownde thofe Ilandes wherof we haue fpoken, and that 
 tumynge from ihenfe towarde the lefte hande fouthwarde, he chaunced into greate regions of landes, and large 
 feas, dillant from the Equinoctial lyne, onely from fyue degrees to tenne: where he founde brode ryuers and 
 exceadinge hygh mountaynes couered with fnowe and harde by the fea bankes, where were many commodious 
 and ijuyet haucns. But Cobnus being now departed owte of this lyfe, the kynge beganne to take care, howe 
 thofe landes mvght be inhabited with Chriftian men to th[e]increafe of owTe fayth: WTiere \T3pon he gaue 
 licence by his letters pitcntes to al fuch as wolde take the matter in hand, and efpecially to twoo, wherof DUgo 
 Xiait-fa was one, and the other was Alplwnfus Fogeda. Wherfore about the Ides of December, Alphonjus 
 departinge fyrll with three hundreth foukliers from the Hande oi Hi/paiiiola (in the which wee fayde the Span- 
 yardes liad builded a citie, and planted theyr habitacion) and faylynge in maner full fouthe, he came to one of 
 the hauens founde before whiche Colonus named Portus Carthaginis, bothe bycaufe of the Ilande ilandynge 
 ageynlle the courfe of the ilreame, and alfo that by reafon of the largenes of the place and bend)Tige fydes, it 
 is muche lyke to the hauen of Spaine caukd Carthago. Th[e]inhabitantes caule the Ilande Codtgo, as the 
 Span\ardcs caule the Ilande of theyT hauen, Scombria. This Region is cauled of the inhabitantes Caramairi: 
 In the which they aftinne bothe the men and women to bee of goodly ftature, but naked. The men haue 
 theyr heare cutte rownde by theyr eares, but the women were it longe. Bothe the men and women are very 
 good archers. OwTe men fc tvnde certen trees in this prouince, which bore greate plentie of fweete apples, but 
 hurteful, for they tume into wormes when they are eaten. Efpecially the fhadowe of the tree, is contagious, 
 
The fecoiuic Decade. 
 
 107 
 
 for fuche as fleepe vnder it any tyme, haue theyr headdes fwolne and lofc theyr fi^sht. Rut if the)- flccpc but a 
 whyle, theyr fyght commeth age)-ne after a fewe dayes. This porte is dyflant foure hundrcth f)ftic and fyxc 
 myles from that parte of Hifpanu'la which the Spanyardes caule Bi-ala, in the which alfo they fiirnyflhe them 
 felues when they prepare anye \'}'age to feeke other newe landes. When F&'cda had entered into the haiien, 
 he inuaded, flewe, and fpoyled the people, whome he founde naked and fcittered. For they were gyuen hym 
 for a praye, by the kynges letters patentes bycaufe they hadde bin before tynie cruel ageynft the Chrillians, and 
 coulde neuerbee allured to pennytte them quietly to coome within the)T dominions. Here they foiinde gold, 
 but in no greate quantitie, nor yet that pure. They make of it, certevne brell plates and brooches, which they 
 weare for coomelynes. But E.'geJa not content with thefe fpoyles. vfmge certeyne cajitiues whiche he had 
 taken before, for guydes, entered into a v)llage twelue myles difbnte frome the fea fyde further into the lande, 
 into the whiche they were fledde whom he fjTll inuaded. Here he founde a naked people, but apte to warre. 
 For they were armed with targettes, fhieldes, longe fwoordes made of wockI, and bowes with arrowes typte with 
 bone, or hardened with fj-er. As foone as they had efijyed owTe men, they with their gefles whom they had 
 receaued, aflayled them with defpeiate mjudes, beinge therto more emellly prouoked. beholding the calamitie 
 of thefe whiche fledde \Tito thej-m, by the violence doone to theyr women and chyldren, in the f])oyl<> and 
 flawghter. In this confiicte owre men had the ouerthrowe : In the which, one lohanncs de Lacoffa (beinge in 
 autoritie ne.xte \xAo FogtJa the capitajue, and alfo the tyrlle that gathered golde in the fandes of Vml>a) was 
 layne with fyftie fouldierSw For thefe people infecte tlieyr arrowes with the deadly pnyfon of a certeyne liorbc. 
 The other with the)T capitayne E>^eJa beinge difcomfited, fledde to tlie fhyppes. \\liyle they rema\nc(l thus 
 in the hauen of Carthago forowtuU and penfjnie for tlie loffe of their companions, the other capit:iyne Dic^o 
 Niaiefa, (whom they lefte in Nif/^niola, prepar)-ng hym felfe towarde the vyage in the hauen luata) came to 
 theim with fyue fhippes and feuen hundrethe foure fcore and fyfteene menne. For the greater number of 
 fouldyers, folowed Alaufa, both bycaufe free libertie was g)iien them to chonfe whii:h of the capytaynes tluni 
 lyfl., and alfo that by reafon of his age, he was of greater autoritie: But efpecially bjcaufe the nimourc was that 
 .5d/-<7^/a beinge by the kynges commiflion appoynted \o Xiciie/a, w.is richer in golde then /'/v/Ar alligned to 
 Alphonfus FogeJa. Therfore, at the arrj-uall of Nicuefa, they conlulted what was belle to bee doone: And 
 determ)'ned fyrfle to reuenge the deathe of their felowes. ^\'here vppon, fettynge the\T battajle in arraye, they 
 marched in the nyght towarde them whiche flewe Coffa with his coompanyons. Thus fte.tlynge on them 
 vnwares in the lall watche of the nyght, and encoomixifinge the vyllage where they laye, confiflyngc of a 
 hundreth howfes and more, hauynge alfo in it thrj'fe as many of theyr neyghbours as of them felues, they fei 
 it on fyer, with diligent watche that none myght efcajie. And thus in fhorte tyme they browght theym and 
 theyr howfes to aflhes, and made them pay the raunfome of bludde with bludde. For of a greate multitude of 
 men and women, they fpared onely f\-xe chyldren, al other being deflroyed with fyer or fword except fewf 
 which efcaped priuilye. They lemed by the referued chyldren, that Coifa and his felowes were cutte in 
 pieces and eaten of them that flewe them. By reafon wherof, they fuppofe that thefe people of Cammairi 
 tooke theyr originall of the Caribts otherwjfe oiuled Canibaks. Here they founde fume go'.de amonge the 
 aflhes. For the hunger of golde, dyd noo lefle encorage owr men to aduenture thefe pcrels and labours 
 then dyd the pon'efl>Tige of the Lmdes. Thefe thjTiges thus fynyfllietl, and the ileath of Con'a and his felowes 
 reuenged, they returned to the hauen. After this, Fog(da whiche came f)rl1, f)Tll lykewyfe departinge with his 
 army to feeke Vraba, commuted to his gouemaunce, fayletl by an Ilande cauled Forfis, lyinge in the mydwaye 
 betwene Vraba and the hauen of Carthagi\ In to the which defcendinge, he fownde it to bee an Ilande o( Jie 
 Canybales, brynginge with h)-m frome thenfe two men and feu'n women: for ihe refidue efcaped. Here he 
 fownde in the cotages of them that fledde, a hundrethe foure fcore and tenne dnirnmes of golde, caflc and 
 wrought in djoiers formes. Sayl)-nge forwarde from henfe, he came to the Eatle coafles of l'ral<a, whiche 
 th[e]inhabitantes caule Caribana, from whenfe the Caribes or Canibales of the Ilandes are fayde to haue theyr 
 name and originalL Here he beganne to buylde a fortreffe, and a \7llage nere vnto the fame, therein intendynge 
 to place theyr f)!^ habitaciort Shortly after, beinge inftructetl by certeyne capt)-ues that there was aboute 
 twelue myles further within the bnde, a certeyne \-)ilage cauled Tinift, hauiiige in it a r)-che golde nijnie, he 
 determyned to deftroye the vyiage. To the which when lie came, he fownde th[e]inhabit;intes retlye to defende 
 theyr rjght : And that foo ftoutly, that encounter)-ng with them, he w as repulfed with fliame and doniage. For 
 thefe people alfo, vfe bowes and venemous arrowes. Witiiin a fewe dayes after, beinge enforfcd for lacke of 
 vytayles to inuade an other \7llage, he h)Tn felfe was (Iryken in the thyghe with an arrowe. Sume of his felowes 
 fay, that he was thus wounded of one of th[e]inhabytantes whofe wyfe he had ledde awaye captiue before. 
 They fay alfo that he had firrt. frendly comoned with Fogcda for redemynge of his wyfe, and hid appo)'nted a 
 day to br)'nge a portion of golde for her raunfome ; And that he came at the daye afllgned, not laden with golde, 
 but armed with bowes and arrowes, with eyght other confetherate with hym, whiche had bin before partetakers 
 of the iniuries doone lo them firft at the hauen of Carthago, and afterward at the bumyng of the vyllage. In 
 
 A tree whnne 
 vhjdnwc is 
 hurlfull. 
 
 Fogciia his 
 .lutoritic confirmett 
 by ihe kyn^jes 
 letters patents. 
 
 W'.irlykc people. 
 
 The Sp.iiiyar(lt:5 
 haue tnc 
 ouclthrowc. 
 
 Arr'tW(."i infected 
 with poyson. 
 
 The ti.iuij;ation uf 
 Diego Nltues;). 
 
 The regions of 
 Vraba and 
 Beragua. 
 
 The Spanyarilcs 
 reuenge the 
 death of theyr 
 coinpanyons. 
 
 A greate 
 slawghter. 
 
 Canibales. 
 
 The hunger nf 
 golde. 
 
 53 
 
 The Ilamlc Funis 
 WrotiglK gold 
 
 Cttrib'ttui. 
 
 A gold inyne. 
 
 '1 he Spanyanlc* 
 •ire repulsed. 
 
 Foged.i 14 
 wounded. 
 
 Ransome. 
 
 
 tof 
 
1'^ 
 
 es^sam 
 
 1 08 
 
 The fecoiide Decade. 
 
 I 
 
 IB*' 
 
 m 
 
 KoRcda Cfitisuniuth 
 by force nf the 
 (vcncnii;. I 
 
 lleraRiia ami 
 
 Vral..r 
 Nit tic ^.i. 
 
 The goulfc Cuiha. 
 Dyucrs langitiRcs. 
 
 nerffantjTics r 
 brigantyncs. 
 
 BiirtiiXrdino de 
 CaliXuera. 
 
 Andsus, 
 
 54 
 
 Fogcda rctiirncth 
 to hUpaniuIa. 
 
 Famyne 
 
 A hriffanline 
 ilrdwntd with the 
 strukc of a fyshc. 
 
 The Ilaiulc Forti> 
 
 A misHS. 
 The Region of 
 Ciichibacoa. 
 Boium gatti. 
 
 Mi'unt.iynes 
 ctjuercd with 
 snowe. 
 
 Serrn Xtuitta. 
 Os Draconis. 
 
 reuenge wherof they had defpcratly confecrated them felues to death. But the matter beinge knowen, the 
 captayne of this confpiracie was flayne of Fo);eiU% his coompanyons, and his wyfe deteyned in captiuitie. Fi>;eilii 
 alfo throwgh the mahcioufnes of the venenie, confiimed and was dryed vp by lyttle and lyttle. Whyle thefe 
 thyngcs cliaunced thus, they efpyed A'iii/cfa tlie other capitayne to whom Beragua the region of the wefle fyde 
 of Vraba, was affigned to inhabite. He gaue wynde to his fayles to take his vyage towarile Baiii;iia, the day 
 after that F<>g<t/a departed owte of tlie hauen of Caitluigo. He with his army whicii he browght with h)in, 
 coafted euer alonge by the fliore vntyll he came to the goulfe Coiba, whofe kynges name is Civcta. Here he 
 founde theyr l.uiguagc to bee in mancr nothynge lyke vnto that oi Hifpaniola or of the hauen of ri/rZ/wo': 
 wherby he pcrccaued that in this tracte tliere are many languages cUfteringe from theyr owne Ijorthercrs. Niciitfa 
 departinge fronie Coiba, wente to the prouince or Lieuetenauntfliippc of Fogcda his companion. Within a fewe 
 dayes after he hym felfo cnteringe into one of thofe marcliaunt fliijjpes whiche the Sjjanyardes caule Caraudas, 
 commaunded that the bygger veficls, flnilde folowe farre behynde. He tooke with hym twoo fniaule fhyppes 
 commcnly cauled bcrgantines or br)gantynes. I haue thowght it good in all the difcourfe of thefe bookes, to 
 vfe the conunon names of thinges, bicaufe I had rather bee playne then curious : efpecially forafmuche as there 
 doo flayly aryfe manye newe thynges vnknowen to the antiquitie, wherof tliey haue lefte noo trewe names. 
 After the departure ol Nicuefa, there came a iliyppe from Hifpaniola to Fogeda, the capitayne wherof, was one 
 Barnardiiw de Ca/aiiaa, who had (loulne the fixme from Hifpaniola with three fcore men, withowtc leaue or 
 aduice of the Admirall and the other goucrnours. With the vytayles whiche this Ihijipe browght they refreflhed 
 theym felues and fumewhat recouered the)T (Irengthes muche weakened for lacke of meate, Fogcda his 
 companyons whyfpered and muttered ageynfte hym daylye more and more, that he fedde them furthe with 
 vayne hope. For he had towldc them that he left Ancifiis in Hifpaniola (whom he chofe by the kynges 
 commiflion to bee a ludge in caufes, bycaufe he was lerned in the lawe) to coome fliortly after him witli a fliijipe 
 laden with vytayles; And that he marueyled that he was not coome many dayes fenfe. And herein he faid 
 nothinge but trewth. Tor when he departed, he lefte Ancifus halfe redy to folowe hym. But his 
 felowes fuppofmge that all that he fayde of Ancifus had byn fayned, fume of them determyned 
 priuilie to fteale away the twoo brigantyncs fronie Fogcda, and to returne to Hifpaniola. But Fogcda 
 hauing knowleage hereof, preuented theyr diuife. For leauynge the cuflodie of the fortrciTe with a 
 certeyne noble gentelman cauled Francifco Pizarro, he 11)011 felfe thus wounded, with a fewe other in his 
 companie, entered into the fliyppe wherof we fpake before, and fayled directly to Hifpaniola, both to heale the 
 wound of his thygh if any remedy myght bee found, and alfo to knowe what was the caufe o^ Ancifus tarjinge: 
 Leauing hope with his felowes (which were nowe browght from three hundreth to three fcore, partly by lamj-ne 
 and partly by warre) that he woUle returne within the fpace of xv. dayes: prefcribyng alfo a condition to 
 Pizarro and his companions, that it fliulde not bee imputed to them for treafon to departe from thenfe if he 
 came not ageyne at the day appoynted with vyta)lcs and a newe fupply of men. Thefe. .w. dayes beinge nowe 
 parte, whereas they coulde yet heare nothynge of Fogcda, and were dayly more and more oppreffed with fliarpe 
 hunger, they entered into the twoo brigantyncs which were lefte, and departed from that lantl. And as they 
 were nowe faylynge on the majne fea towardo Hifpaniola, a tempede foodeynly aryfyngc, fwalowed one of the 
 brygantynes with all that were therein. .Sum of theyr felowes aflirnie that they playnely fawe a fyflie of houge 
 greatenes fwjmniyng abowte the brygantjtie (for thofe feas brynge furthe greate monflers) and that with a 
 (Iroke of her tayle, fhe broke the rudder of the fliyppe in peeces : which faylynge, the brigantine beinge dr}uen 
 abowt by force of the temped, was drowned not farre from the Ilande cauled Fort is, lyinge betwene the coalles 
 of the hauen G?;-///((^i,v and Vraba. As they of the other br}'gaii .le wolde haue landed in the Ilande, they 
 were dr)'uen backe with the bowes and arrowes of tne fierce barbarians. Proceadynge therfore on theyr vyage, 
 they mette by cliaunce with Ancifus betwcene the hauen of Carthago, and the Region of Cuchibacoa in the 
 mouthe of the r}iicr whiche the .Spanyartles cauled Boium gatti, that is, the houlc of the catte, bycaufe 
 they fawe a catte firfl in that place : and Boium, in the toonge of Hifpaniola, is a houfe. Ancifus came wyth 
 a fliyppe laden with all thynges neceffarye, bothe for meate and drynke, and apparell, bryng)-nge alfo 
 with hym an other brigantine. This is he for whofe comming tlie capitayne Fogcda looked for foo longe. 
 He loofed anker from Hifpaniola in the Ides of September; .\nd the fourth day after his departure, he efpyed 
 certeyne hyghe mountaynes, the whiche for the abundance of fnowe which lyeth continually in the toppes therof, 
 the Spanyardes cauled Serra Ncuata, when Colonus the fyrfl fynder of thofe Regions paffed by the fame. The 
 fyfte daye, he fayled by Os Draconis. They whiche were in the brygantyne, towlde Ancifus that Fogcda 
 was rei'irned to Hifpaniola. But Ancifus fujjpofmg that they had fayned that tale, commaunded them by 
 th[e]authoritie of his commiffion to tume backe ageyne. The brigantiners obeyed and folowcd hym : yet made 
 they humble fute vnto hym that he woolde graunte them that with his fauour they myght eyther goo ageyne to 
 Hifpaniola, or that he hym felfe woolde brynge theim to Nicuefa ; And that they woolde for his gentelnes 
 declared towatde them in this behalfe, rewarde hym with twoo thoufande drammes of golde. For they were 
 
The fcconde Decade, 
 
 109 
 
 ryche in gokie, but poore in breade. But Ancifus aflfcntod to neyther of theyr requeftes : affirniynge that he 
 niyght by no meancs goo anyc other way then to I'raba the prouince alVigned to Ju'g<u/ti. Where vppon, by 
 theyi conduct, lie tooke his vyage directly toward Frada. But nowe let it not feme tedious to yowre holynes 
 to heare of one thyng worthy to bee reniembred, which chaunced to this Lieuctcnaunt And/us as he came 
 thether. For he alfo cafl anker in the coaftes of the region of Caraniairi whiche wee fayde to bee famous by 
 rcafon of the hauen of Cart/mgo: and of the goodly llature, llrength, and bcawty of both men and women beinge 
 in the fame. Here he fent certeyne to goo alande on the fliore, both to fetche frefflie water, and alfo to 
 repaire the fliipiie boate which was fore broofed. In this mcane tynie a greate multitude of the people of the 
 countrey armed after theyr maner, lanie aboute owre men as they were occupied abowte theyr bufynes, and 
 floode in a redynes to fei"ht, for the fpace of three dayes contyuually : durynge whiche tymc, neyther durft they 
 fet vppon owre men, nor owre men afTayle them. Thus bothe jiarties keepynge theyr arraye, floode flyl three 
 hole dayes the one gafynge on the other. Yet all this tyme owre men apjilycd theyr woorke, placinge the 
 fliipijcwrightes in the mydtlefte of theyr amiye. As they Aoode thus aniafcd, twoo of owre coompanye wente 
 to fyll theyr water pottos at the mouthe of the r)uer ncre vnto them both, where foodenly there came furthe 
 ageynlle them a capitayne of tlie barbarians with ten armed men which indofed them, and with terrible 
 countenaunce bent theyr arrowes ageynlle them, but fliotte theym not of One of owre men tiedde: but the 
 other remayned, caulynge his felowe agej~.ie and rebuk)nge hym for his fearefulnes. Then he fpake to the 
 barbarians in their owne language which he had lerned beinge conuerfant with the captiues that were carjed 
 from thenfe longe before. They marueylynge to here a flraunger fpeake in their natiue tonge, |)Ut of theyr 
 fiercenes and fell to frendly communication, deniaundinge who were the capitaynes of that coom|ianie whiche 
 were arryued in theyr lande. He anfwered that they were Grangers pafTyng by: -Anil that he marueyled why 
 they wold attempte to dryue them from the)T coaftes and dillurbe theyr fliyi)i)es; arguinge theim of follye and 
 crueltie, and further threatinge their mine and deflruction, except they woold vfe them felues more frendely 
 towarde them. For hee aduertifed them that there wolde fliortly coome into theyr lande armed men, in nomber 
 lyke to the fandes of the fea: And that to theyr vtter deflruction, not only if they refyfled them not, but alfo 
 excepte they receaued them and enterte>-netl them honorably. In the meane tyme Ancifus was enformed that 
 his men were deteyned. Wherefore fufpectinge fume deceate, he browght furtii al his target men for feare of 
 theyr venemous arrowes : And fettinge them in battell arraye, he marched forwarde towarde them which fleyed his 
 men. But he which communed with the barbarians. g\uinge him a figne with his hande to procede noo further, 
 he fleyed. And cauling to hym the other, he knewe that all was fafe. For the barbarians i)rofered him peace, 
 bycaufe they were not they whom they fufpected them to haue byn : meanynge by Fogvda anil Alaiefa, who had 
 fpoyled the vyllage (landinge there by the fea f\de. and caryed away many captiues, and alfo burnte an other 
 vyllage further within the lande. And therefore (as they ftiyde) the caufe of theyr comminge thether, was to 
 reuenge thofe iniuries, if by any meanes they coulde. Yet that they woolde not exercy.e theyr weapons ageynlle 
 the innocente. For they fayde it was vngodly to feyght age}n(l any, not beinge prouoked. I^iyinge a parte 
 therefore theyr bowes and arrowes, they enterteyned owtc men gentelly, and gaue them great plentie of falted 
 fyfllie and breade of theyr contrey : And fylled the)T velTels with fyder made of theyr contrey frutes and feedes, 
 not inferiour to wyne in goodnes. Thus Ancifus hauinge entered into frendfliyp and made a league of peace with 
 th[e]inhabitantes of Caramairi whiche were before fore prouoked by other capitaynes, he lanchcd from that 
 lande, and directed his courfe to Vraba by the Ilande Fortis, hauinge in his fliippe a hundreth and fyftie freffhe 
 men whiche were fubflitute in the place of fuche as were deade. Alfo twelue mares, and manye fwine, and other 
 beafles both males and females for increafe. I.ykewyfe, fyftie pieces of ordinaunce, with a greate multytude of 
 targettes, fwoordes, iauelyns, and fuche other weapons for the warres. But all this with euyl fpecde and in an 
 euyll houre. For as they were euen nowe enteringe into the hauen, the gouernour of the fliippe which fatte at 
 the helme, tlroke the fhyppe vppon the fandes, where it was foo fafl enclofed, and beaten with the waues of the 
 , that it opened in the myddelTe, and al loft, that was therin. A thynge furely miferable to beholde. For 
 jf all the vytayles that they had, they tiued onely twelue barels of ineale, with a fewe chiefes, and a lyttle byfket 
 bre.ade. For al the beafles were drowned : And they them felues fcaped hardly and halfe naked by heipe of the 
 brigantine and fliip boate, carj-eng with them only a fewe weapons. Thus they fell from one calamitie into an 
 other, beinge nowe more carefull fo rthe)T lyues then for golde. Yet beinge browght alyue and in health to that 
 land which they foo greatly defjTed, they coulde doo noo leffe then to prouide for the fufleynynge of theyr bodyes, 
 bycaufe they coulde not lyue onely by ayer. And wheras theyr owne fayled, they mufl needes lyue by other 
 mens. Yet amonge thefe foo many aduerfities, one good chaunce oflered it felfe vnto them. For they founde, 
 not farre from the fea fyde, a groue of date trees, amonge the which, and alfo amonge the reke or weedes of the 
 maryfhes, they efpyed a multitude of wylde bores, with whofe fleflie they fed them felues wel certeine dayes. 
 Thefe they fay to bee leffe then owres: And with foo fliorte tayles, that they thought they had byn cutte of 
 They dyffer alfo from owres in theyr feete: for theyr hynder feete are liole \ndiuided, and alfo withowte any 
 
 109 
 
 Riche in KolJ and 
 JMTC in brcailc 
 
 The Region bf 
 
 Fcare on both 
 partes. 
 
 Ship wryK^le*. 
 
 55 
 
 The v<c uf 
 targeftcs a£cll^I 
 veiieniuu* arruw -^ 
 
 The Uarliari.in* 
 haue rope. I I'l 
 
 W'yiic of fniiles 
 
 Artillcrie. 
 
 Ancisus ship 
 wncke. 
 
 Mc.ile, chee»<s, 
 and byskct. 
 
 A groue of date 
 tree& 
 
 \V\ 1 Je borc^ 
 
 '• 
 
 J 
 
 i 
 
■me 
 
 no 
 
 The fccoiidc Decade. 
 
 se 
 
 I 
 
 ktr.iiigt.- kyiul 
 
 Cclcrs uf Lil.,i 
 
 Sitrltft are ciiilcil 
 
 ill frenth Cwrriiicr 
 
 ihcy yrnw nut in 
 
 Kn^laiulu. 
 
 '1 lie friile caiilcMl 
 
 ii/i|>tia tir luiiiNa 
 
 C'aiiibalct. 
 
 Men (jf ilcsper.a 
 bulJncfl. 
 
 The goulfe ..f 
 \'raba. 
 
 The great ryucr 
 of Daricn. faiikth 
 intu the guiilfe uf 
 Vraba. 
 
 Pinycr ;uiJ vowes. 
 
 The soiil<liers 
 make -m uilie. 
 
 'I'he barbarians 
 arc tlryueii to 
 tlighu 
 
 57 
 
 Chcstiiutlc^. 
 
 The rytier of 
 Daricii, tint viii. 
 degrees from the 
 Kquinuctial. 
 
 Colde founde in a 
 Uiicket u( reedci. 
 
 houfc. But they afTirme that they haue proued by experience theyr flofHie to bee of better tafte and more 
 holfoonu" then owres. Durynge this tyinc, they fedde alfo of dates and the rotes of yoiinge date trees, which 
 they eate hkcwyfe in Ciiiile and Gnuuita where they caiile thein Palmitos, of the leaiies wherof they make 
 biefomes in Rome. Sunietynies alfo, tliey eate of the apiiels of liiat Region, whidie iiaue the tafle of primes, 
 anil haue alfo ftones in them, and are but lyttle and of redde coloure. I fuppofe them to bee of that kynde 
 wluTdf I eate in the citie o{ AkxaiiJiia in Kgyi>t in the nioneth of A| fell: 'i'he trees wherof, the lewes that 
 ihvel there, beinge lerned in tjie tawe of Moyfes, affirine lo bee the Cedirs of Lilxine, which beare owide fruites 
 and newe all tile yeare as dodie die orange tree. Tlufe apples are good to bee eaten, and haue a certeyne 
 fweetnes myxte with a gentell lhari)nes, as haue the frutes eauled So/fvs. Th[ejiniiabitantci plant thefe trees 
 in theyr orchyardes antl garedens, and nooryflie theym with greate diligence as wee doo cheries, peaches, and 
 (|uynfes. 'J'his tree in leaues, lieyght, and trunke, is verye lyke vnto the tree that beareth the fnite cauled 
 y.iziplMy which the Apothecaries c.iule /uiiihi. Uut wheras now the wylde bores beganne to fade tiirni, they 
 were ageyne enforced to confultc and i)rouyde for the tynie to coonie. Where vppon wiUi theyr hole army, tliey 
 entered further into the land. The Canibales of this jirouince, are mofle experte archers. Ana/us had in his 
 coonii)any, a lumdreth men. They mette by the way w ith only three men of tii[e]inhabitantes, naked, and armed 
 with bowes and venemous arrowes, who without al feare, afiayled owr men fiercely, wounded manye, and llewe 
 nianye: And when they had emptied theyr ijuyuers, flecKle as fwyftely as the wynde: For (as we haue fayde) 
 they arc excedynge fwyfte of foote by reafon of theyr loofe goinge frome dieyr chyldes age They atlirine that 
 they lette nyi)pe no arrowe owte of theyr bowes in vayne. Owre men therfure returned the l;xme waye that they 
 came, much more infortunate then they were before and ronfulted amonge them felues to leaue that lande: 
 efpecyally becaufe th[e]inliabitantes had ouertlirowne the fortrelVe which Fo^^iula buylded, and had burnte 
 tliirtie houfes of the vyllage, as soone as rizarnis and his company lefte of Foi^fihi, had forfaken the 
 lande. By this occafion therefore, beinge dryuen to feeke further, they had intelligence that th- wefte 
 fyde of that goulfe of Vniba, was more frutefuU and better to inhabite. Wlierfore, they fent the one lialfe of 
 theyr men thither with the l.irigantine, and lefte the other nere to the fea fyde on the eade i)art. This goulfe, 
 is. xxiiii. nyles in bredth : .And howe inuche the further it entereth into the firme lande, it is foo muche the 
 narower. Into the goulfe of T kci?, there faule many r)uers: but one (as they (iiy) more fortunate then the 
 xywax oi N""- '1 Egypt"' I'his ryuer is cauled Z>(7/7<7/, vppon the bankes whereof, beinge verye frutefull of 
 trees and gralTe, they emended to playnte tlieir newe colonic or habitacion. But th[e]inhabitantes maruelynge 
 at the brygantine beinge bygger then theyr canoas, and fpecially at the fayles therof, fyrfl fente away theyr 
 chyldren and weakefle forte of theyr peojile with thejr baggage and houfliolde (luffe, and affembled all fuche 
 togyther bothe men and women, as were meete for the warres : Thus beinge armed with "'eapons and defperate 
 myndes, they floode in a redynesto feiglit, and taryed the comminge of owre men vppon a lyttle hyl, as it w.re 
 to take tli[e]aduantage of the grounde. Owre men iudged lem to bee aboute fyue hundreth in nomljcr. Tl en 
 And/us the aipitayne of owre men, n'^'. Lieuetenaunt in the (leede of Fogfda, fettinge his men in ,i 'w, of 
 batta)le array, and with his hole coompany kneelinge on his knees, they al made humble prayers to god for 
 the victorie, and a vowe to the Image of the blelTetl virgin whictie is honoured in Ciuile, by the name oi Sanfla 
 Mijria Antiqua, promyfinge to fende her manye golden g)ftes and a flraunger of that contrey: alfo to name 
 the \yllage Saiicta Maria Antujiia after her name: lykewyfe to erecte a temple cauled by the fame name: or 
 at the leafte to detlicate the king of that prouince his palaice to that vfe, if it fliulde pleafa her to aliiile them 
 in this daungerous enterpryfe. This doone, al the fouldiers tooke an othe, that noo man fliulde tume his backe 
 to his enemies, 'i'lien the capytayne comnaundinge them to bee in a redines with theyr targets and iauelens, 
 and the trumpyter to blowe the battayle, tluy fiercely afTayled theyr enemyes with a larome. But the naked 
 barbarians, not longe able to abyde the force of owre nien, wee putte to flyght, with theyr kynge and capitayne 
 Ccinacciis. Owre men entered into the vyllage, wh:re they fownde plentie of meate fuche as the people of the 
 contrey vfe, fufficiente to affuage theyr prefent hunger, as breade made of rootes, with certeine fruites vnlyke 
 vnto owres, whiche they refenie for ftore as wee doo cheflnuttes. Of thefe people, the men are vtterly naked : 
 but the women from the nauell downewarde, are couered with a fyne clothe made of ponhi'it)ine cotton. This 
 Region is vtterly withowte any fliarpenes of wynter. For the mouthe of this ryui oi L is onlve eyght 
 
 degrees diflantc from the Eqitifioctia/l \yr\ti: So that the commone forte o vn en, fcarlely perce.iue anye 
 difference in lengthe betwene the day and nyght all the hole yeare. P ihey are ignorant in aftrono- 
 
 mie, they can perceaue noo fmaule difference. Therfore wee neede no , .iffe if tht' degr lo differ fum 
 
 what from theyr opinion, for afmuche as the difference can not bee grea 1 he day 'fter that .aey arr}'ued at 
 
 the lande, they fayled alonge by the ryuer, where they founde a greate in t of ' ies continuinge for the 
 fpace of a myle in length fuppofing (as it chaunced in deede) that the borthert is tht aboute which had fledde, 
 had eytlier lyne lurkynge there, or els to haue hyd the)T fluTe amonge thole reedes : Where vppon, armynge 
 them felues with theyr targettes, for feare of the people lyinge in ambuffhe. they fearched the thicket dilygently 
 
The fccomic Decade. 
 
 Ill 
 
 and foundc it withowtc men, but rei)lcnyflieil with houfeholde (luffo and goUlc. Tiiey fowndo alfo a great 
 multitude of flicotcs, made of the fylkc or cotton of the gofTuiipine tree. I.ykrw^fe (i)uers kyndes of veflels 
 and tooles made of v\oo<ide, and many of earth : Alfo many brclle plates of gold and ou< lies wrought after theyr 
 maner, to the fum of a hundreth and twoo jwunde weight. For they alfo take pleafure m the bewlie of gohl, 
 and worke it very artificially, although it bee not the price of thynges amonge them as with vs. 'I'hey haue it 
 owte of other Regions for cxchaunge of fuch thynges as theyr contrey bringeth furthc. P'or fuchc Regions as 
 hauc plentie of breade and goffampine, Luke golde: And fuche as brynge furth golde, arc for the moft parte 
 rowght with montaynes and rockes, and therfore baren. And thus they exeri ife marihandies withowte the vfe 
 of money. Reioyfmg therfore with double gladdenes, afwell in that they f.iwe greate lykenes of golde, as alfo 
 that fortune hadde olTere.' them foo fayre and frutefull a contrey, they fent for theyr felowes whom they hadde 
 Icfte before in the ealle lydc of the goulfe of Vralni. Yet fume faye that the ayer is tliere vnholfonio, bycaufe 
 thai parte of the Region lyethe in a lowe valley enuironcd with mountaynes and maryflhcs. 
 
 €1 The seconde rooke of the seconde uecaue, 
 Of the fitppofed contiiiente. 
 
 Haue defcribcd to yowre holynes where Fo^cda with his coompany (to whomc the large 
 tractes of Vmba was affigned to inhabitc) intended to faflen there foote. I.ctte vs nowe 
 therfore leaue them of Vtaha for a whyle, and retunic agejne to NUuifa to whom the goui^r- 
 naunce and Lieuetcnauntefliippe of the mofle large prouince of Dcia^ua (beinge the welle 
 fyde of the goulfe of Vraba) was ai)poynted. We haue declared howe Xutitja departinge 
 with one carauell and twoo brigantines frome Viaki the iurifdiction of his frende and com- 
 panyon Fo;:^i\hi, directed his courfe weflwarde to Bcni^uii, leauingc the bygger fliipi)es 
 famewhat behynde hym, to folowe hym a farre of Ihit he tooke this diuifc in an euyll howTc. For he bothe 
 lofle his felowes in the n)ght, and went pad the mouth of the ryuer of Bemgiiit, which he chiefely fowglit. One 
 Lupus Olanus a Cantabrian, and gouernoure of one of the greate fliippes, had the conducte of one of the 
 brigantines. He commyngc behynde, lerned of th[e]inhabitantes which was the waye F-allewarde to the goulfe 
 of BcTiigi/a ouer pafled and lefte behynde of AWitifd. OAr/ius therfore directinge his courfe towarde the Fafle, 
 niette with the other brigantine which had alfo wandered owte of the wa)- by reafon of tiie darkenes of the 
 nyght The gouernour of this brigantine, was one Pclnis de Vinbria. Thus bothe beinge gladde of tlicyr 
 nieetinge, they confulteil what was befl to bee doone, and which way they coutde coniecture iheir gouernour 
 had taken his \yage. After deliberation, they iudged that Nknefa could no more lacke fum to put him in 
 rememberaunce of Bcragiui, then they thorn felues were myndful therof, ho]iynge alfo to fynde li;ni there. 
 They fayled therefore towarde Bcmgua: where they founde within, xvi. myles dyllant, a ryuer which CWo/ii/s 
 named La^artos, bycaufe it nooryfliethe greate lyfardes whiche in the Sjianyfllie toon;^,e are cauled Z.'i,<?;-/('i. 
 Thefe lyfertes are hurtful! bothe to man and bcafle, and in fliape muche lyke vnto 'lie Crocodiles of the r\uer 
 of A'i/us in Egypte. In this ryuer, they founde theyr companyons and felowes 0( tlieyr erroure lyinge at ank"r 
 with the greate fliippes which folowed behynde by the gouernours commaundement. Here the hole affembl[i]e 
 beinge careful! and difquietcd by reafon of the gouernours erroure, after confultacion, by th[e]aduife of the 
 capitaynes of tlie brigantines, who had rafed ncre vnto the coafle? of Biragua, they fayled directly thether. 
 BiTiigiui, in the language of th[e]inhabitantes of the fame prouince, is as much to faye, as the golden ryuer. 
 The region it felfe is alfo cauled by the fame name, takynge name of the ryuer. In the mouth of this r)-uer, the 
 greatefl veflels cafl anker, and conueighed al theyr vytailes and other necelTaries to lande with theyr fliippe 
 boates : and elected Lupus Olanus to bee theyr gouernour in the fleede of Xutuja whom they had lofte. By 
 th[e]aduice therfore of 0/anus and tlv." other vnder cai>itaynes, that all hope of departure myjjlit bee taken from 
 the fouldiers which they had nowe browght thether, and to make them the more wyllinge to inhabite that land, 
 they vtterly forfooke and cafle of thofe fliyppes beinge nowe rotten for age, and fuflered them to bee fliaken 
 and broofed of the furges of the fea. Yet of theyr foundefle plankes, with other ncwe, made of the trees of that 
 Region (which they fay to be excedinge bygge and hygh) they framed a ncwe carauel fhortly al'ter, •.vb'Vhe they 
 myght vfe to ferue for theyr neceflitie. But Bcragtia was founde by the vnfortunate dellenie of Pdius de V'mbria. 
 For he, beinge a man of prompt wytte and apt forwardenes to attempte thynges (in whiche fumetyme fortune 
 wyll beare a ftroke notwithflandinge owre prouidence) tooke vpon hym th[e]aduenture to fearche the Ihore to 
 th[e]intent to find a waye for his felowes where they myght befle coome alande. For this purpofe, he chofe 
 
 SliMlM of 
 
 ^'>-ts.itr.pinr. 
 
 Ilmie pUtM of 
 
 UuKle. 
 
 rho liolitell 
 Kcgiiiit^, .irc for 
 tht.* inoatc |i.irta 
 h.ucik 
 
 FoKcii.i. the 
 I.ieiictcn.iunt of 
 Vr;il)... 
 
 Nii.llcvi the 
 l.iciictcM.unit of 
 
 HtT.lgtLl. 
 
 NiciicM Instc his 
 felowes ill tlitt 
 llighl. 
 
 Luftti Olanus 
 
 Pftriis lie -.•tnhria 
 
 The capit.iyncs 
 ronsulte where lo 
 fliui theyr IonI 
 gouernour. 
 
 Hie r\in.r 
 
 56 
 
 The t:oI<!en ryuci 
 of lter.igti.1. 
 
 The enterprise 
 .'iiul (Icith of 
 Tetrus lie Vml. 
 
 > 
 
^p 
 
 112 
 
 The feconde Decade. 
 
 
 The J.iun((ertm» 
 place nf Setll.i in 
 the tea of Cicilie. 
 
 Suyniinlngc 
 
 The fv'-ilici i'- 
 nf Nii:ue&a his 
 cjraticle. 
 
 The niis'-i.u.I' 
 case It Nicuc^a. 
 
 59 
 
 'lilC RcRi-'U of 
 
 ('ir;ili.i IJci or 
 f(-T.ib.irit. 
 
 Tlir rvticr 'if 
 S.incii M.iitliti. 
 
 The rifinruuincs 
 of N icuvsi. 
 
 t'ornc waxi'lh 
 ry|if i-ucry f-turlh 
 month 
 
 TIiccninmcnilAtion 
 nf .1 yxMiik;- man 
 1iri>uit)it \\\ ulth 
 Cr>loiiu». 
 
 Wc.ikcncs uf 
 l)Uiii;tr. 
 
 C«i/. .yfiiriut'i 
 
 hym twclue mar)'ners, and wcnte aboorde the (hippe boate whiche fenied the greatefte (hypjies. The flowinge 
 of the fea, raged aiul rorcd there, with a horrible whurhngc as wee reedc of tlie daungerous place of Scylla in the 
 fea cf Scicilie, by iMfon of the hougc and ragged rockes rearhyng into the fea, from whicli the wanes rebounding 
 with v.ol' nee, make a greatc noyfe and rowghnes on the water, whiche rowghnes or retlowinge, the Spanyardes 
 caule '.ffaiiit. In thefe daungcrs wretched Vmbiia wrefleled a while. But in fliorte fpace, a wane of the fea 
 alm( lie as bygge as a mountajije, reboundinge from the rockes, ouerwhelmed the boate and deuoured the fame 
 witli the men, cucn in the fi[.ht of theyr felowcs: So that of them all, onely one efcaped by reafon he was 
 expc'te in fwyniniynge. For gcttinge holde of the corner of a rockc, and fufteynynge the mgc of the fea vntyll 
 the nextc daye when it wexed caiilmc, and the Ihore was ilrye by the faule of the water, he efcaped and reforted 
 to his coonipanye. lint Vmbria with the other eleucn, were vtterlye cade away. The refydue of the coompany, 
 diirfl not r.omniite them fellies to the fliip;.e boates, but went alande with theyr brigantines. Where reniaynynge 
 a fewc daycs, and faylinge alonge by the ryucr, they foundc rerteyne vyllages of th[e]inhabitantes, v hich they 
 caule Mumu. Here they bcgannc to biild a fortrelTe, and to fowe feedes after the maner of theyr countriy, in 
 a ccrtcyne vale of r'-"»<'full growndc, biiaufe in other jilacos the region is baren. As thefe thynges were thus 
 dooingc in Diragua, o\\?. of their coonipanye flandynge vppon the toppe of a hyghe rocke of efpeciall, and 
 lyftynge his eyes toward' the Weflc, beganne to crye, I.ynn)^ (iiyles, lynnyn fayles. And the nerer it drewe 
 towarde hyni, he perce.iued it to bee a fliypi)e boate comminge with a lyttle fayle. Vet receaued they it with 
 nuithe reioylnige: for it was the fyfrtier boate oi Kicuffit his carauele, and of capacitie to carye onely fyue men, 
 and had nowe but three in it, which had floulnc it from Nkiiffa bycaufe he refufed to gyue credit to theim that 
 he had jialTed liirai^iin, and leftc it behynde Ir/ra Eaflwarde. For they feinge Nicu(fa and his felowes to 
 confume dayely by famjnne, thowghl they woolde proue fortimc with that boate, if their chaunce myght bee to 
 f_\nile BcriV^ua, as in dcede it was. iJebatinge therefore with theyr felowes, of thefe matters, they declared 
 liowe Nicuffn erred and lofle the carauele by tempell, and that he was nowe wanderinge amonge the maryffhes 
 of vnknowen coalles, full of myferie and in cxtreeme penurie of all thynges, hauinge nowe Ipied for the fpace 
 (if three fcore and tenne dayes, only with hcrbes and rootes, and fyldoome with frutes of the countrey, contented 
 todrinke water, and yet that often tynies faylynge, bycaufe he was inflant to traiiayle wcftwarde by foote, fuppofing 
 by that meanes to come to Bcia-thi. Colonus the fyrlle f) niler of this niayne lande, had coafled alonge by this tracte, 
 and named it Gratia Dei: but the inhabitantes c^aule it Ccrabaro. Throwghe this Region, there runneth a ryuer 
 which owre men named Sainli Matllici, dillante from the wefle fyde of B(>\if,iia aboute a hundrethe and thirtie 
 myles. Here 1 lette jKiffe the name of this ryuer, and of nianye other places by the names which th[e]inhal)itantes 
 vfe, bycaufe owre men are ignorant ti;ercof Thus l.npiis O/aniis the conductor of one of the Ihipjies of Alaicfa, 
 and nowe alfo vice Leauetcnaunt in his fteede, after that he haddc receaued this inlbrmation of the mar)'ners, 
 fente thether a brigantine vnder theyr guydynge, thefe mar)'ners therfore, which came in the fyflTier boate, 
 founde A'liiiija, and bnnvght hym to the place where Olaniis laye, whome at his conmiynge he calle in pryfon, 
 and accufed hym of treafon byranfe he vfurped th[e]autoritie of the Lieuetenauntlhippe. and that for the defyrc 
 he had to beare nde and bee in autoritie, he tooke no care of his errours: alfo that ho behaueil hym fclfe 
 negligently; deinaundmge furtiicr more of hym, what was the canfe of his foo longe delay. Lykewyfe he fpake 
 to al the vnder otlicers Iharplye and with a troubled mynde; And within fewe dayes after conunaunded them 
 to trulTe \ p theyr pa< kes. and make them redye to departe. They defyred hym to ((uyet hym felfc, and to 
 forbeare thcni a while vniyl they had re.ijK'd the come that they had fowne, which wold e flionly bee rype. For 
 all kynd of come waxeth rype there enery fourth moonethe after it is fowne. lUit he vtterly denyed to tarye 
 any whytte: but that he woolde foorthwith departe from th.it vnfortunatc lande: .\nd ])lucked vp by the rootes 
 al that cuer was browght into the goiilfe of lUrai^iia, and commaunded them to directe theyr courfe towardc 
 the Kalle. After they iiad fayled aboute the fpace of. xvi. myles, a ccrteyne younge man whofe name was 
 (Iregorie. a Cenues borne, and of i chyMe biowght \p with Colouiis, cauled to rememberance that there was a 
 haiien not farre frome thenfe : And to proue his (liyinge trewc, he gaue his felowcs thefe tokens: that is, that 
 they fluilde fynde vppon the Ihore, an anker of a lolle fliyppe halfe coiiercd with fande: Ami vnder a tree nexte 
 vnto the haiien, a fprynge of cleere water They came to the lande: founile the anker and the fjirynge, and 
 conimendeil the wytte and incmorye of the younge man, that he only :ini()n;^e many of the niaryne[r]s whiche 
 had fearched thofe coalles vuh Co/onus, bore the thynge foo well in mymle. This hauen, CWo/ius caule<l 
 IWtiii Ihlliii. Wheras in this vyagc for lacke of vytayles thv.y were fiimetymes enforced to goo alande, they 
 were eiiel entreated of the inhabitantes. Hy reafon wherof, theyr llrengthes were foo wekined with hunger, 
 that they were not alile to keejie warre age)n I naked men, or fcarfely to beare theyr harnes on their bat kes. 
 And therfore owre men lolle twentie of theyr coomp.inie, whit:h were llayne with venemous arroves. They 
 confulleil to le.iite the one halfe of theyr felowes in the hauen vA I\'itin lUiltis: .\nd the other parte Niauja 
 tooke with hym towardc the Ivtflc : where al)owte twentie and eyght myles from IWliis JM/its, he intended to 
 I'uylde a fortrelVe harde by the fea fyde vppon the poynte or rape which in tyme jialle Ck/ohus nameil Mariiwr. 
 
The fecoude Decade. 
 
 113 
 
 lUit they were foo feeble by reafon of longe hunger, that theyr flreiigth renicil tlicni not to fulleyne fuche 
 l.iI)ourc. Vet he erected a lyttle towre able to refyll the fyrR adaute of the inhabilantLS. This towre he 
 cauled Xomen Dei. From the tynie that he left /hraiiiKi, what in the iorncy amonge the f.imiie playnes, then 
 alfo for hunger whyle he biiyldeil the towre, of the fewe which reniayneil a lyiic, he l.jdc twoo hundreth. And 
 thus by lyttle and lyttle, the multitude of feuen hundreth foure fcorc and fyue men, was nowe browpht to 
 fcarfely one hundreth. Whyle Nicuffa lyued with thefe fc\>- miferable men. there nrofe a contention anionge 
 them of //•<//'<;, as concerninge the I.ieuetenantlliiiipe. For one I'ajWnis Aiiiiiitz.hy the iudgemente of all 
 men. truftynge more to his flrengthc then wytte, flou'-e<I vp certi-yne lyght felowes ageynfl Aiicifiis, fayinge that 
 Ami/us had not the kynges letters p.itLiues for that office: And that it was not futticient that he was autorifed 
 hy /•'i';:;i(iij, And therfore forbodde that he fliulde execute the ottice of the I,ieuetenauntenii|ipe; And wylled 
 theym to chufe eerteyne of theyr owne coompanye. by whofe counfayle and authoritie they myght bee 
 gouerned. 
 
 Thus beinge diuided into flictions by reafon that /.X'v/i', their capitayne came not ageyne, whom they 
 fupi)ofed to bee nowe deade of his venemous wounde, they contended whether it were heflc to fubflitute Xiairfa 
 in lii^ place. The wyfelle forte fuche as were famylier with Niairfa, and coulde not lieare th[e]inf(>lencie i.A 
 Viijkhiis Xiiiithz, tliowght it good that Niaicfa fliuld bee fowght owt throwgh owt all thofe coalles. For tlu-y 
 had knoweledge that he departed from JJa;i,:^i(a bycaufe of the barennes of the grounde: And that by 
 th[c]e.\eniple of Aricifiis, and fuche other as had made fliippewracke, it were poffible that he might wander in 
 fir.ne fecreate jjlace: .And that they coulde not be ijuiete in theire myndes vntyll they knewe the certentie, 
 whether he with his felowes were alyue or deade. IJut V'afihus A'liiinrj, fearinge lealle at the commyng of 
 A^ia/tfa he flndde noi bee had in autoritie enionge his felowes, fayde they were mad nun to thinke that A'/iV/<y</ 
 Ijiied: And althowgh he were alyue, yet that they hadde noo neade of his hclpe. For he auoir.iied that there 
 was none of his felowes, that were not as mcete to rule as Alciiffa. While they were thus reafonynge too and 
 Iroo. one AWrna/f Co/mauiris arryued in thofe coades with two greate llu'ppes Ivuiinge in tluym three fcore 
 frefllie men, with greate plentic of vitailes and ap|)arel. Of the navigation of this Coi'inrnaris. I intentle to fpeake 
 fumewhat more. He therfore dei)arted from the hauen of Ilifl'aniohi cauled Invl^i (where they prepare and 
 furnyfllie thejni felues whiche make any viage into thefe landes) aboute the Ides of October in the yeare. 
 1510: .\nd landed the. ix. of Nouember in a Region in the large prouincc oi J\iria foimde by CWonits betwene 
 the haucii Cari/uii^o and the Region of CiuhilhulhHi. In this viage what by the rowghius of the fea and fierceiics 
 of the liacbarians, he fullered many incommodiiies. For when his freflhe water fayleil, hi; f,i\le<l to the niouthe 
 of a eerteyne riuer which th[e]inh..' itantes caule Gaira, beinge apte to receaue fliippcs. This r)'iier had his 
 courfe Irom the toppe of an exceadinge hyghe mountayne couered with fnowe, hygher then the which, all the 
 coon.panyons of tliis capitayne RclcricttSy f.iyc that they neuer fawe. And that by good n-afon, yf it were 
 couered wyth fnowe in that Region which 's not pafl ten degrees dillante from the i.iji<iiwit'utl Ivne. As tliey 
 beganne li> drawe water owt of their lliippeboate, a eerteyne Kynge made towardc theym apiiareicd with vellures 
 of goflampine cotton, hauinge twentie noble men in his coompanye appareled alfo: Whychc thinge feemed 
 llraunge to owre men, and not feene before in thofe jxirties. The Kingcs apparell, hungo loofe from his 
 flioulders to his elbowes: .And from tlic gerdle downewarde it was nuiche like a wonians kertle, reachinge em n 
 to his heeles. As l;o d.ewe neore tow.irde owre nuMi, he fe-med iVcndly to admonyfllic theyni to take none of 
 the water of tliat ryucr, aflirminge it to bee vnholfome for men: .And (hewed theym that not farre from thenfe, 
 there was a ryuer of good water. They came to the r}uer. And endeuouringe tn coonie nere the ihore, they 
 were dryuen backe by tempclle. Alfo the burbulinge of the fande, declared the fea to be but flialn^e there. 
 They were therefore enforced to returne to the fyrlle ryuer where they niyght f.Uely calle anker. This Kiiige 
 layde w.iyte for owre men. I'or as they were fyllinge theire barrelles, he fet on theym with abowt feuen 
 hundreth men (as owre men iudged) armed a*"' t theire maner. althowgh they were naked. For only the 
 kynge and his noble men were appareled. They tooke away the Ihipjieboate, and brooke it in maner to chijis: 
 foo Ian ely afl'aylynge owre menne wiih theyr venemous .irrowes, th.it they llewe of them fortie and {f:\\vw betlorc 
 they coulde couer them felues with tiieyr targettes. For that poylon is of fuch force, that albeil the woumks 
 «ere not great, yet they dyed therol inunediatly. I'or :liey yet Inewe noo remedie ageynlle this kynde of puyfon, 
 ,is they after lerned of th[e]inhabit.in;cs of Hif('iiiiiolii. F"ov this Ilamle bringeth fourth an herbe whi(h 
 '[uencheth and mortifieth the violent poyfon of the herbe wherewith theyr arrowes are infecteil, foo that it bee 
 mmillred in tyme. A'et of owre coompany whiche went for water, feuen efeapetl th.it conllic te, and hyd them 
 fellies in a hollowe tree, lurkyngc there vntyll nyght. Yet efcaped they not the handes of theyr eneinycs. |-or 
 '.he fliippe departed frcm thenfe in the nyght feafon and lefte them there, fuppofingc that they had byn flayne. 
 Thus by nunye fuche percls and daungers (which I lyghtty ouerpalVe bicaufe I wyt no; bee tedious to yowre 
 holyncs; he arr>iied at the length at the hauen of \'i;iIhi. and call anker at the eafle fyde iherof, from whenfe not 
 longe before, owre men dei)arted to the well fydc by reafon of liio barennes of that foyle. \M;en he had 
 
 Kdfs. .M iij 
 
 N'it:uc:..i his tniii 
 (.onsiimttl 
 
 Ctinlcncion 
 .lUtut tlic 
 
 I of Vr.tb.1. 
 V.-i^cliHS Nunn*'/ 
 ni'iut:th !iC(lili"M. 
 AiKisus 
 liciictcn.iunt fur 
 
 60 
 
 ('i>/»n'n.ini. 
 The nauigation 
 
 Colnicnari*. 
 
 'I lie r>*iicr < iair.i 
 
 An c.xcc»l"ig hycii 
 
 nuiuiit.tyne 
 
 c oiiurutl with 
 
 him we. 
 
 Appareled men. 
 
 Scnrn and forty 
 S(».inyar<lct aio 
 !klaiii« with 
 I vctiemoui arr<<Mri 
 
 ' IfTM. 
 
 A rcmcily aji':n-ic 
 \cncinuu-t an '» ■• 
 
 j Snien men l«fl 
 iKhjmde. 
 
 Th« haucii ui 
 
 I 
 
p 
 
 114 
 
 61 
 
 The gnulfc of 
 Vr.il..i. 
 
 What Iwc.imr of 
 the cuhleticiun iif 
 Vnl.,1 
 
 The fccomic Decade. 
 
 contynucd a whyle in the haiien, and fawe noo man llour)uge, niarue)liiige at tiie filcncc of the places 
 (for he fiippofed there to haue fownde his felowes) he (oulde not conieclure what tills ihulde meane: 
 and there vppon hcg.inne to ruf|)ecte that eyther they ut-re deadc, or that they had chaimged the place 
 of theyr hnbitacion. '\\> knowc the certentie hereof, he conunaunded all the greatc ordinaunce and other fmaule 
 giinnis whi( h he hid in his ihippes, to hee charged: And fycrs to bee made in the nyght vjjpon the to])pes of 
 the nn kes. Thus the fyers heinge kyndL-led. he toniniaundcd all the gunncs to hee fliotte of at one inllante: 
 by the horrible noyfe whereof, the goulfe of Vmba was fliaken, althowghe it were, xxiiii. myles dillante: for foo 
 brode Is ihe goulfe. This .noyfe was harde of theyr fclowcs in Dariena: And they aunfwereil them ageyne 
 with niiiliial fyers. Whcrfore, by the folowynge of tlu-fi.' fyers. Colmaiaris browght his fiiippes to the Weft fyde. 
 Here thofe wroK hed and inifer.dile men of DarUnit which nowe thorowgh famen and feeblenes helde theyr wery 
 fowles in thc-jr ttelhe reily to departe from theyr bodies by reafon of the calamities which beefell vnto them 
 after Ancifus lhip])ewTdcke, l)ftingc vp thiyr handcs to headcii, with the teares nmnynge downe theyr cheekes 
 bothe for ioye and forowe, einbrafed KcdiiUus and his felowis with furh kynde of reloyllnge as their jirefonte 
 necelfitlc feemed to reqiiyre. For \vherea> they were before his comminge, witliowte vytayles and almofte naked, 
 he brought thorn abundance of meate, dr)-nkc, and apparell. It reftethe now (mofte holy father) to cicrlare 
 what came of the diffention ainonge them of Vniba, as concemynge the gouemaunce after the loA'e of theyr 
 capita)' nes. 
 
 C Till-: THYRDE HOOKF. OF THE SECONDE DeCADE 
 Of the fiiPPofed cont'uieiit. 
 
 BtrngUii. 
 
 fuorth 
 
 Ninievi is T'lnulc 
 in a niiscMlilc 
 
 COMfc 
 
 lii*ntenri»? i.f Id 
 
 62 
 
 Ni- uc«.i fniili-rli 
 fri III one niiM.'ii. 
 iiitu .111 (itht-r 
 
 ill 1 the chicle oliirers in luiagua. and fuch as were mod politikc in counfayle, detcrmyned tlut 
 I Xkiiffii fliulde bee fowght owtc if by any meanes he coulde bee founde. Where vppon they 
 tooko from Ancifus the gouemoure refufinge the commynge ol Xiciija^ a brygantync whiche 
 he made of his owne charges: .\nd agreed, ageynfl bothe the wyll of ////iv/wj, and the mafter 
 I r fence Vafihtis Xiinntz, that Xiaiefa Ihuldc bee fowght foorthe to t.ike away the flryfe as 
 touchinge the goucrnoment They elected therfore Colmtiuris (of whom ve fpake before) 
 to take this m.itter in hande: wyllynge hym to make diligent fearch for Xiaitfa in thofe 
 co.illus where tlicy fuppofcd he erred. For they harde that he had forf.iken Boaj^ua, the region of an vnfmtc- 
 full grounde. They gaue hym therfore < omm.iundement to br)-nge Xicucfa with hym, and fiirtlier to declare 
 vnto hym that he fliuIde doo r\ght gocnl femice to coome thether, in takyng away tl>[e]occafion of theyr 
 fedilions. C,>lmrii,iris tooke the thyngc vppon hym the more gladly bycauft Xinnfa was his very frcnde: 
 Suppolinge that his commynge with vytayle."- ihulde bee noo lelTe thankefull to X.-.-udii and his coompanie, 
 then it was to them of Vml'ii. I'lirny.Thynge therifure one of his owne (liippcs whlciie he browght with hym 
 and alio llie bii,;^ ui'.yne t.iken frome Aiuijiis, he frayghted the fame wltli part of tiie vytayles and other 
 neceffaries which he browght with hym before from lliff'iiniohi to Vraba. Thus courfynge alonge by all the 
 coafles and goulfe-. uere there .ibowte, at the length at the poynte called Miinnor, he founde XlaiiJ\i. of all 
 lyuynge men moll iiifurtiin.itc, in mancr dryed vj)pe with cMreemc hunger, fyhliye and horrible to beholdc, 
 with oiiely three fcore men in Ins company, lel'ie alyue of feucn himdreth. They al feeined to h)n» foo 
 miferable, that he noo leffe lamented theyr cafe, then yf he had founde them deade. Hut Co/niiiuuis i onforted 
 his frende .^\7<7/(;/if ; and einl)ril"inge hym with teares and cherefull woordcs, relyueil his fjiiritcs, and further 
 encor.'.ged hym with greate Ivipe (if better fortune: dt< larynge ^dfo that his commynge was looked for and 
 greatelye def)red nf .il the good men of I'lahi. fi>r that they Imped that by his autoritie, theyr dif< orde and 
 contention ftiuide bee fynyfllied. Xiau/it tlianke<t his frende L\'!mciuvis alter fuch forte as his calamitie 
 rcquyred. Tims they tooke lliyppe to gyllier, and fayled directly to /><»/'</. JJiit fo vari.ible and vnconflant 
 is tlie nature of mm, that he foone growetU uwte of vfe, bccommeth infolente and vnmyndliil of benelites after 
 to nuuh felicitie. I'or Xiiiujli, after thus m.my teares and wi-epynges. after dyuers bewayllnges of his infortu- 
 nate drileny, after fo many thankes geii)nge, )c after that he had fauleii duwne to the grounde and kylfed the 
 feetc of Colmeihirii his f.mioure, he begannc to quaiel with hym before he < ame yet at Vrabu, rejirouinge hym 
 ami thein all for th[e]aller.i» ion of the l\ate of ihyngis in /></A.-, ami for the g.itheringe of guide: Allirniing 
 that none of ihem owght to haue la)de hamle of any golde with owte the ailuicc ol hym or of l''og(da his cuom- 
 p:inion. Whcii thefe fayinge. ind In- he lyke, ..ime to the cares of the)!!! of Vraki, they foo lloured vp the 
 inyndes <>{ Aun/us LicuetenauiUe for /vj;i\/it, and alfo of Vnjdius Xunna, of the contrary parte, agcinfte Xic:iff,i, 
 
The feconde Decade. 
 
 115 
 
 vcrv frcmlc: 
 
 that fhortely after his arrj-uall with his three fcore men, they commaundefl liym with thrcatcnyngc to departe 
 from thcnfe. But this pleafed not the better fort. Yet fearynge lead tumult fliulde bee amonge the people 
 who n Vafchus Ntinnez had flered to factions, the bed parte was fayne to giue place to the greatefl. This 
 wre.ch'tl man therfore Niaiefa thus tlrowned in miferies, was thrude into the brigantyne whiche he hyni felfe 
 brow^'iit: and with hym only ffuentene men, of his three fcorc which remayned alyuc. lie tooke fliypjie in 
 the Calcndes of Marche in the ycare. 1511. inlendynge to goo to Hiff'iiiiiohi lo cooniplayne of the raflhcnes of 
 Vafchuf Xiiiincz, and of the violence doone to hym by Aiuiftis. lUit he entered into the brigantiiic in an 
 vnfortunate houre: for he was neuer feene after. They fuppofe that the brigantine was drowned with all the 
 men thcrin. And thus vnhappie Niciiifa faulynge headlonge owte of one miferye into an other, ended his lyfe 
 more ni> ferablye then he lyued. Nicuefa beingc thus vylely reiected, and al theyr vytayles confunied which 
 Colmetiaris browght them, faulynge in maner madde for hunger, they were enforced lyke raueninge woolues 
 feakynge theyr praye, to inuade fuche as dwelte abowte theyr confynes. Vafi/iiis Nunncz therefore, tln-jr newe 
 capitayne of theyr owne election, alTeinbling togyther a luindreth and thirtie men, and fettinge them in order of 
 battell aftLT his I'woordeplayers faflliion, puffed vppe with pryile, placed his fouldiers as pleafed hym in the 
 fonvarde and rereward, and fume as jjertifens abowt his owne perfon. Thus affociatinge with hym Colmmaiis, 
 he wente to fpoyle the kynges which were bortherers there abowte, and came fyrd to a Region abovvie that 
 coade, cauled f<'/A/, (wher of we made mencion before) imperioufly and with cruel countenaunce commaund- 
 inge the kynge of the region whole name was Careta, (of whomc they were neuer troubled as often as they 
 palled by his dominions) to gyue tliem vytayles. But Careta denyed that he coulde gyue thein any at that 
 tyme: alleagyng tliat he had oftenlynies ayded the Ciiridians as they [jaffed by thofe coades: i)y reafon wherof 
 his dore was nowe confumed: Alfo that by the ineanes of the contynua'.l warre which he kepte euer from his 
 chyldes age with a kyng whofe name is Poncha, bortheringe vppon his dominion, he and his famelie were in 
 greate fcarfenes of all thynges. But Vafchus woolde admytte none of thefe excufes: And thervppon tooke 
 Canta prifoner, fpoyled his vyiiage, and browght hym bownd with his twoo wyues and chyldren and all his 
 famelie to Darinia. With this kynge Canta, they founde three of the felowes of Xiao/a, the whicJK when 
 Xicueja paded by thofe coades to feekc Baa^ua, fearynge ininyfn>ement for theyr euyll defertes doule aw a) 
 from the diyppes lyinge at anker: And when the nauie departed, commytted them felues to the mercie of 
 Carda, who enterteyned them very frendely. They had nowe bynne there, xviii. moonethes, and were there- 
 fore as vtterly naked as the people of t'"; tontrey. Duringe this tyme, the meate of th[e]inh.diitantes feemed 
 vnto them delicate diflhes and princely fare : efpecially bycaufe they enioyed the fame withowte any dryfe for 
 myne and thyne, which twoo thynges moue and enforce men to fuch harde diyftes and miferies, that in lyuing 
 they feeme not to lyue. Yet defyred the;- to returne to thejr owlde cares, of fuche force is education and 
 natural cflection towarde them with whom we haiie byn browght vji. The\)tayles whiche /.//////j- browght 
 frome the vyllage of Canta to his felowes lefte in Paiiaia, was rather fumewhat to alVii.ii;e theyr jirefent hunger, 
 then vtterly to take away theyr necel'litie. But as touchinge ./;/(v///x beinge I, ieueteii.umt for /v.i.ri/.;, whether 
 it were before thefe thynges or after, 1 knowe not. But this I am Aire of, that after the reiectinge of Xicui/a, 
 many occafions were fought agend Aiuifus by I'a/li/s anil his factionaries. Howe foo euer it was, Aiuijiis was 
 taken, and cad in pr\fon, ami his goodes confif<ate. The laufe hereof was, (as Vaji/iiis alleaged) that And/us 
 hailde his commilTion of the Lieuelenauntfliippe, of F&^i-da onely whoine they fayde to bee nowe deade, 
 and not of the kynge. S.iyinge that he woolde not obey any man that was rot put in office by the 
 k)ng hym felfe by his letters p.itentes. Yet at the reipied of the gr.uiede forte, he was fumwhat pacified, 
 and delt more gentelly with hym, haiiinge fiun comp.illion of iiis (,d. unities. .\nd tlurvppon connnaundetl 
 hym to bee loofed. ////iv///.f beinge at liberlie, tooke fliyppe toilep:irle from tlienfe to //ij/'anio/a. llut beefore 
 he had hoyfeti vpjie his fayle, all the wyfed forte reforteil to hym. humbly defyringe hym to returne ageyne : 
 promyfynge that they wolde doo theyr ililigence, that Wifiliiis beinge reconi iled, he myght bee redored to his 
 lull auioritie of the I.ieuetenauntlhippe. lUu Andfiis refiifed to confent to theyr reipiell .md foo departed. 
 \'et fume there were that murnuired th.it god and his angels diewed this reiienge \ pon Aiiiijua, bycmle Xiiiufa 
 w.is reiectitl throwgh his counfayle. Howe foo euer it bee, the fearchers of the newe Kindes, faille headlonge 
 into ruine by theyr owne foilye, confuminge them felues with < iuile difconle, not weighingc foo greate a matter, 
 nor emjiloyinge theyr belle eiideuoine aboute the fame ,is the woorthynes of the thynge reiniyreth. In this 
 nie.nie t)me, they determyned all with .ine agreeniente, to fende melTengers into //if/^aiiio/a to the younge 
 .\dinirall and vi< eroy, fonne and heye to Chiijloplu'nis Ci'/i'iiiis the fynder of thefe landes. and to the other 
 gouemourcs of the Ilande (from whom the newe landes receaue theyr ay<le and l.iwes) to fignifie \nto them 
 wh.it date they dootle in, and in what ncccdltie they lyued : alfo what they had founde, and in what hope they 
 w ere of greater thinges if the;, w jre fiirnynied with plentie of vytajles and other nei elV.iries. I-"or this jmrpofe 
 the) elected at the an'igiiement of I'ajcin, one I'a/./iiiia. beinge one of his taction, and inllriii ted by hym ageind 
 Aihi/ut. And to bee alTidant with liyni, they appoyiited one /ifw//(///« a Cintabrian t So that comniauiidc- 
 
 Til.- ^;rtMte5l p.nrt 
 oiuTcuiiiiiicth the 
 
 l)C»t 
 
 I he rfcilh of 
 
 Famcn enforscth 
 them (o r^uile to 
 spoylj-iiKC. 
 
 V.ischils vMirpetl) 
 
 tlilet.iiitornic-'ifthd 
 
 Licui:tcn.llll:,liippc. 
 
 Circi.i, kini;e of 
 
 C'olb.u 
 
 Kvni;e C.irct :t is 
 
 Utilizer is the hest 
 
 sauce. 
 
 Myne .lii.t thine 
 
 the sec<les of al 
 
 mischcfe. 
 
 Anci<(US, 
 licuctcn.iuitt for 
 i'of{L-dj )i out it) 
 prison. 
 
 AnrUu* take! 
 hia vy.ific to 
 hisiuilioix 
 
 63 
 
 Ihe reucng[cl »'f 
 (loU. 
 
 The 
 
 iiiconiH'tiiciicek of 
 iliu-urdc 
 
 Ihe Sonne ami 
 hcyre uf Culunii^ 
 ift Aclntiratl ari'l 
 Viceroy of 
 lil\|ianiula. 
 
 / 'a/ium'a. 
 
 * 
 
rr^^ 
 
 Ii6 
 
 The fccojidc Decade. 
 
 Zanuidtiiit and | 
 Ancixiis, i.tkc their | 
 vyagu to Sjuyiic I 
 
 king*. P»ucha. 
 
 Suriiirdc!* "f 
 wu'kMc. 
 
 r'.iispirftli Hiih 
 tlic >|Mny.irili;s 
 aycii-t kyntjti 
 iViitch.i. 
 
 Wioii^lil gold 
 
 The rcyinn of 
 
 t'orntj^^r.i. disl.iiit 
 frfnnc 1 t.iiit-'ii.i, 
 
 XXX. tlMipiUS. 
 
 Kyiigc (.'"inngnis 
 
 I>.d.iii.c 
 
 64 i 
 
 \Vyi;c and sydcr 
 
 niacke wine. 
 
 The Ivxlyc^ of 
 (le.iilc kyn^c* 
 rcliiji'ntsly 
 lionulired. 
 
 Ptnittn. 
 
 The enr'*a*es of 
 men tirycj 
 
 The kynne^ wniie 
 a ycpngr in. in of 
 excL-lknl wyttu. 
 
 Fmtre nii>u*:tn<U- 
 \ni'es til wrought f 
 |uld(, I 
 
 ment was gyucn to VaUiuia to rcturiu' from J/i/patiio/a with vytayles: And Zamudius was appoynted to take 
 liis vyage into Spayne to the kynge. 'I'licy tookc fliippc togytliur with Aiidfiis, liauingc in inynde to certifie the 
 kyngc howc tliyngcs were handclcd there, niuche otherwyfe then Zamudius information. I my felfe fpake with 
 both Ancifus and Zitiiiudiui at their toniinyn^e to the coiirte. Wiiyle they were otcupietl abo\ite thefe matters, 
 tliofe wretched men of Diiritiui loofed Ci:ir/ti tile kynge of CoU'd vjipon conihcion that lie fliulile ayde theym in 
 theyr warres ageynll liis enemy and tlieyrs, kynge l\>nclui bortheringe v pon hi.s iloniinions. Ciireta made a league 
 witli them, promyfingc that as they palTed by his kyngedome, he woolde gyiie them all thynges necefTarie, and 
 meete tliem with an armie of men, to goo forwarde «ith them to the battaile agenft J'onc/ui. Theyr weapons 
 are notliei bowes nor venemed arrowes, as we fayde t'i[e]inhabitantes to liaue whidi dwel eaflwarde beyonde 
 the goulfe. They feiglit therefore at liande, w ith longe fwordes (whicli they caule AAiuJ/iiis) made of wo(jd 
 byeaufe they haue noo Iren. I'hey vfe alfo longe (lanes lyke ianelens hardened at the endes with fyer, or typte with 
 bone. Alfo certeyni; llynges and dartes. I'lius after the league made with Cardii, bothe he and owre men had 
 certeyne dayes aiipoynted tliem to t)ll tliejr gn)\inde and fovve theyr feedes. Tiiis doone, by the ayde of 
 Ovtla and by his conihiction, they marelieil towarde the palaice of yi '//<■//(;, who tledde at theyr commynge 
 They f|)oyled his vyllage and mytigated theyr hunger \\ itii fu( h vytayles as they founde there. Yet coulde they 
 not heipe their felowes therwith by reafon of the farre dillanc e of the jilaee, althowghe they had greate plentie. 
 For tlie vyllage of / 'cwA/, was more then a hinidreth myles dillant from Daiiaia: wheras was alfo none other 
 remedy luit that the fame fliuMe haue Iiyn carved on mens backes to the fea fycle beinge farre of, where they 
 left tluyr Ihyppes in the wliii h they came to the vyllage of Canta. Here they founde certeyne i)0\vndes 
 weyght of gold, grauen and wrought into fundrye ouches. After the facking of this vyllage they reforted 
 toward the fliips intendyng to leaue the kinges of the inland vntouched at this tyme, and to inuade oncly them 
 which dwelt l)y the fea coafles. Not farre from Coiha, in the f;me trade, there is a Region named Com,\i;r(T, 
 anil the Kinge thereof, caided C\-m,%n/s after the fame name. 'I'o this Kinge they came fyrll next after the 
 fubvertion of /<'//<■//<»: And founde his i)alaice fiiuate in a frutefull jilayne of twelue leagues in bredthe, at the 
 rv)otes of the further fyde of the nexte mountayncs. Coiuogrus had in his courte a certeyne noble man of ncre 
 confanguinitie to Kvnge ditrlti, \\\\\r\\c liad fledde to Couloir us by reafon of certeyne diUention whichc was 
 betweue Cm:',! and hun. Thefe noble men, they caule /unr. This /ura therfore of Cod/a, mette owre men 
 by the way, and conciled (.cm,>xrus to them, byr.mfe he was well knowen to owr men from the time that 
 NiiUtfit paffed fyrfl by thofe coalles. C)«re men therefore went ipiietlye to the palaice of Couwi^rus beinge 
 diflante imm Dariiiia thirtie leaijues by a plaine waye abowte the mountayncs. This K_\nge Comoipus, had 
 feuen fonnes, younge men of comelye loruie and ll.iture, whiche he had by fundry ivyues. His palaice was 
 framed of polles or jiroppes m.ide of trees filUned tcigeyther after a llraunge forte, and of foo ftronge bylding, 
 that it is of no leffe llrength then waules of Hone. They whii h mcafured the length of the floure thereof, 
 founde it to bee a hundreth and lyftie pafes, and in breadthe, foure fcoro foote: beinge roofed and paued with 
 maruelous arte. They founde his llore houfe, furnyflhed with abundance of delicate vitailes after the inaner of 
 thevr countrey: .\nd his wyne ( elUr replenillied with great velfelles of earth and alfo of ivoodde fylled with 
 theyr kynde of wyne md fyder. lor lluy haue r.oo grape>. l!ut lyke as they make thejT breade of thofe 
 three kyndes of rootcs canled luu,i, (i,i;/s, and J/tiiz/um, (whereof we fpake in the fyrlle decacle) Soo make they 
 theyr wyne of the fnites of date trees, and fyder of other frutes and feedes, as doo the .Mrnaynes, Fk-mynges, 
 Fnglyflhe men, and o>vre S[)anyardes whyih inhabite the mountaynes, as the Vafcons and .\rtuiians: likewife 
 in the mountaynes of the .Mpes, the Noricians, .Sueuians, and Heluetians, make (crteyne drynkes of barley, wlicat, 
 ho))pes, an<l apples. They fay alfo that with Comogrus, they droonk wynes of lundry t.iftes, botii whyte and 
 blacke. Hut nowe yow fliall hcare of a thynge nmre monllrous too behoulde. Knterynge therfor into the 
 inner jjartes of the palaice, they were browght into a chamber hanged abouie with the carkefes of men, tyed 
 with ro])es of gofr.impinc cotton, lieinge dernaunded wli.it they ment by that fuperrtition, they anfwered that 
 thofe were the carkefes of the fathir, gr.uindefather, and great graundfather with the other aunceRours of theyr 
 Kyng CrMi'x'rus. Declaringc that they had the fame in greate reuerence, and that they tooke it for a gixlly 
 diynge to honoure them religioully: And therfore ajipareled euery of the fame fumptuouflye with golde and 
 precious flones accordynge vnto theyr eflate. After this forte dyd the antiipiitie honoure theyr /V/wA.f, wh\(he 
 they thowght had the gouernaimce of their lyues. Ilowe they drje thefe cirkefes vppon certeine inllrumeiiles 
 made of wo<m1, like vnto huni^ls, with a fofle f\er vnder the fame, fo that oiiely the fkynne remayneth to houlde 
 the bones together, we haue defcribed in the former decade. 0( Ci'im\(;rus his feuen fonne.s, the cideil had an 
 excellcnte naturall w)tte. He therfore thowght it good to Hatter and plcafe thys wandr) nge kynde of men 
 (owr men I meane) lyuynge onely by fliiftes and fj>o)Ie, leafl liiuge olTended and feekynge o<;cafions ageynfte 
 hym and hi-, familie, they fJiuld handle h) ni as tluy dyd other whii he fowglit noo meanes howe to gratifie theym. 
 Wherefore, he gaue Vojchus and Colmauiris foure ihoufande ounces of golde artifi<:ially wrought, and alfo fyftie 
 llaues whychi he had taken in the warres. For fiiclw , i ylher tliey fell for exchaunce of other thingcs, or 
 
The fccoiidc Decade. 
 
 117 
 
 ited to take 
 ) ccrtifie the 
 ; fpakc with 
 L-fu matters, 
 tic tht) in in 
 tde a league 
 LxlTaric, and 
 .•yr weapons 
 lie bcjonde 
 idc of wo(jd 
 irtyptc with 
 re men had 
 the aydc of 
 coniniyngc. 
 collide they 
 uate plentie. 
 I none other 
 
 where they 
 ne powndes 
 hey rtforted 
 onely them 
 .cl Cotiuy^ra, 
 ext after the 
 ■lithe, at the 
 man of ncre 
 whiche was 
 :e owre men 
 le time that 
 ■^riis beinge 
 thxriis, had 
 jialaice was 
 ge bylding, 
 lure thereof, 
 
 paiied with 
 le niancr of 
 
 fylicd with 
 ide of thofe 
 
 make tlay 
 I-'leniyngcs, 
 ns; likcwife 
 rley, wlicat, 
 
 whyte anil 
 for into the 
 f nu n, tyed 
 
 fwcTcd that 
 urs of theyr 
 
 for a g'Hlly 
 
 goldc and 
 r/, I, whyi he 
 
 llltlUIUMllCS 
 
 li to hoiilde 
 ikC. had an 
 ide of men 
 ns agcynfli! 
 tifie iheym. 
 1 alfo fyftie 
 ttiiiigf's, or 
 
 othciwife vfe tliem as dieym lylleth: For they haiic not the vfe of money. This ;:!ol(le with as niuche more 
 which they hail in an other place, owre men wayed in the porche of Ci'»h\i,iiis his palaice to feparate the fyfte 
 parte thereof, whiche portion is due to the Kyngcs efchekcr. For it is dcirecd ihat the fyft parte of both golde. 
 perks, and i)rcrions flones. fluilde be all ^ned to the Kinges treafourers: And the ri.fydiK', to bee diuided 
 cnioonge theyni fellies by compofition. Here as brabblynge and contention arofe emongu owr men abowt the 
 diiiidinge of gold, this elilefle foonne of Kyngc Como};ii/s beinge [irelente, whomc we prayfed for his wyfedome, 
 coniinyiige fume what wyth an angery coiinlenaunce towarde hym whiche helde the balences, he (Irookc the)in 
 wyth his fyfle, and faltered .dl the golde that was therein, abowte the porihe, Iharpely rebiikynge iheym with 
 woordes in tin's elTecte. What is the matter yowe Chiillian men, ih.it yow foo greatly elleme foo litle a portion 
 of golde more then yowr owne ([uietnes, \vhi< he luuerlheleM'e yow entend to defai e from thefe fayre ouches 
 and to nielte the fame into a rude maffe. If yowre hunger of gotilde bee foo infatiable that onely I'urthe defyre 
 yowe liaue therto, yowe fliiquiete foo many nations, anil yow yowre fellies alfo fulleyne foo many calamii[i]es and 
 im ommudities, lyiiing like baniflied men owte of yowre owne countrey, I wyll fliewe yowe a Region tloweinge 
 with goiilde, where ujwe may fatiftk' )owr raiieninge appetites. Hut yowe inulle attemjite the thynge 
 with a greater pome: For it llandeth yow in hande by force of amies to ouercome kynges of greate 
 piiilVaunre, and rigorous defenders of theyr dominions. For befyde other, the greate kinge Tumaiiiinuj 
 will coome tborthe ageynlle )owe, whofe keiigdome is moflc ryche with golde, and dillante from henfe 
 onely fyx foonnes: that is, fy\ dayes: for they number the dayes by the fonne. Furthermore, or eiier 
 yowe canne coome thether, yow mufl pafle ouer the niountaynes inhabited of the cruell Canybales 
 a tierce kynde of men, deuourers of mans fleflhc, lyuing withonte lawes, wanderinge, and withowte empire. 
 For tliey alfo, beinge defyrous of golde, haue fubdewed them vnder theyr dominion whiche before inhabited 
 the golde niynes of tile mountaynes, ,iiid vfe them lyke bondeiiien, vfyng tiieir laboure in dygginge and work- 
 ynge theyr golde in plates .md fuiidry Im.iges lyke \nto thefe whiche you e fee here For we doo no more 
 ellceine rude golde vnwrought, then we doo cloddes of earthc, before it bee formed by the hanile of the worke- 
 man to the fimilitude eyther of fume velTell necelfarie for owre vfe, or fume ouche bewetifuU to be womc. 
 Thefe ihynges doo wee receaue of theim lor exchaiinge of other of owre thxiiges, as of prifoners taken in warre, 
 wiiiche t!iey bye to eate, or for llieetes and other thynges perteynynge to tlie furnyture of hoiifeholde, ruche as 
 lliey Luke wlii(li inliabite the mountaynes: .And efpeci. illy for vitayles wlieiof lliey llande in greate neede by 
 reafon of the l).irrennes of the mountaynes. This iorney therfore, mufl bee UKide open by lorce of men. Ancl 
 •.■•iiMi yowe are paffinge ouer thefe mountaynes (poyntinge with his fynger towarde the fouthe mountaynes) yowe 
 flial fee an other fea, where lliey faylc with l1iyp|)es as bygge as yowies (meanynge tiie < araueles) vfmge both 
 fayks and ores as yowe doo. .ilthowghe tiie men bee naked as wee are. All the waye tii.it the water niniietlie 
 frome the mount.iynes, and all tli.it fyde lyinge towarde the Soutlie, bryngeth toorth golde abundantly. As he 
 fayde thefe woonles, he poynted to the veffelles in whiche they vfe to feme theyr meate, aliirmynge that kynge 
 Tumaiiama, and all the other kynges beyonde the mountaynes, had fuche and al their other hoiifeholde llulfe of 
 golde: And ili.ii there was noo lelTe plentie of golde anionge thofe peojile of the Soutlie, then of Iren with 
 vs. For he knewe by relation of owre men, wlierof owre fwoordes and other wea|)ons were made. ( )wre 
 capitaynes marueylyiig at the oration of the naked younge man (for they h.id for inter[)retours thofe three men 
 whiche had byn before .1. yere ami a halt'e coniierfant in the court of kynge C'd/rfii) [jondered in theyr myndes, 
 and erneflly conl'idered his fayinges. Soo that his raflhenes in Icatteringe the golde owte of tiie kdances, tiiey 
 turned to myrtli and vrbanitie, commeiidynge his dooinge and fayinge llierin. Then they alked hym frendely, 
 vppon what certeyne knoweleage he fp.ike tiiofe thynges; Or what he thowglit belle herein to bee doone yf 
 they fluilde brynge a greater fupplye of men. To this, younge Ct<>iW):;nis, ftayinge a whyle with hym felfe as it 
 were an oratour preparinge him felfe to fpeake of fume graue matter, and difpofynge his bodye to a giellure 
 iiieete to perfuade, fpakc thus in his mother longe. Gyue eare viilo me n )(jwe Cliryllians. .Mbeit that the 
 gredie hunger of golde hathe not yet vexed vs naked men, yet doo we dellroy one an oiher by reafon of aiiibi 
 tion and defyre to rule. Hereof fpringetii mortall h.itred amonge vs, and iierecjf comnieihe owre dellruction. 
 Owre i)iedicefl'ours kepte warres, and foo dyd Cowixriis my father with princes beinge bortherers abowte hym. 
 In the which warres, as wee h.iue ouercoome, fo haue wee byn ouercoonie. as dothe appere by the number of 
 iiondemen amonge vs, which we looke by the oueriliiowe of owre eneni)es, of the wliidie I li:iue gyuen yowe 
 fiftie. I.ykewyfe at an other tyme, owre aduerfaries h;uiinge th[e]upper hande ageiille vs, ledde away ni.iiiye 
 ofvscaptiue. For fuche is the chaunce of warre. .Mfo, amonge owre tainiliers (wherof a great number haue 
 byn raptiucs with them) beholde here is one whidie of longe tyme ledde a paynefull lyle in bondage vnikT the 
 yoke of that kynge beyonde the mountaynes, in whofe kyngdonie is fuche abundance of golde. Of hym, and 
 fuche other innumerable, and lykewyfe by the retort of tree men on theyr fyde cominiuge to vs, and ageyne of 
 owre men refortinge to theim by fafe conduct, thefe thynges haue byn euer as well knowen vnto vs, a.s owte 
 owiic pollelTions. But tliat yowe maye bee the better allured hereof, and bee owte of all fufpection that yowe 
 
 .M J I,; 
 
 The HNtribuiion 
 I uf golde. 
 
 !n> oration. 
 
 The hiingrr I'f 
 guide. 
 
 A rci;tnri fluuingc 
 wylh t;oldc. 
 
 Kynfic 
 I U111.111.1111.1 
 
 Caiul'.dts. 
 
 65 
 
 The g')!ilc iiiyiics 
 of the tiiuiiti(.i) iivs. 
 
 Viiwrotighc golde 
 nut cstciiivii. 
 
 Kx< lijuiige. 
 
 Ai'tiiiJumc if 
 
 ufguia 
 
 rrniciiU'l mih 
 aiiiljitiun. 
 
 I 
 
 .liii 
 
 ■n" 
 
 I 
 
 W^ 
 
 f 
 
 A ' tjitiimtit 
 
^ 
 
 ii8 
 
 The fccondc Decade. 
 
 66; 
 
 A tukcnoriiuti^--r ; 
 
 flial not bee dcceauetl, inakc ine the guyde of this viage, byiulynge mc fall anil kccpyng me in Cife cuftodie to 
 bcc h.inj;ttl on the next tree, yf yowe fynilo .iiy fayiii.;c.s in any puint vnlrewe. Foluwe my counCiyle therfore. 
 and fend f<jr a thoufande L'lirillian men apte fur tlie ivarrcs, by whofe power we niay with alfo the men of 
 warre of Com>>grus my father amied after owre maner, iniiade the dominions of owre enemyes: where, lx)the 
 yowe may bee fatiffyed with uolcie, and wc for owre conductinge and aydynge yowe in this enteq>r)fe, fliall 
 thynke owre felues abundantly rewarded, in tiwt yowe fliall hel])c to delyiier vs from the iniuries and perpctuall 
 feare of owre enemies. After thefe woordes, this pnideiite younge Comoiptii hclde his peace. .\nd owre men 
 inoued with greaie hope and hunger of gokle, beganne ageine to fwalowe ilow lie theyr fpettle. 
 
 Kyngc Coinf>2ru» 
 i> 1-iptisctl uith 
 hU rjmcly. 
 
 Wililiuia return- ; h 
 fruin hupjniuLi. 
 
 llfrrihletVitmfer 
 ■ lii'l li^l)ttl\ !!;;•; ill 
 l)ic itumeln • f 
 Noucmtcr. 
 
 Ilre.i-l iif Mai/iu^ 
 .iiid hobba 
 
 l>n;>:.|K.n 
 i,lrcin;'li«ite'l l>y 
 
 1 1 uiigcr- 
 
 A n''w*? Miiifil}' of 
 
 H tl^•ll^.ln•lc 
 
 ft<>ultlyt:rk 
 
 >t«\lu,. 
 
 \ tlioiiNandc .111*1 
 fviic tiuixlrvfli 
 (NiuniK wcvttit 
 uf wrniglii g'ikl 
 
 67 
 
 €[ TiiK FuvKTii HOOKE OF tuf: sf:conde Decade, 
 Of the fiippofed Continent. 
 
 1 •.er that they had tar)'cd here a fewe dayes and baptifed Comos^rus with all his famclie, ami 
 n.imed hym by the name of Charles after the kynge of Spayne, they returned to theyr 
 klowes in IXiriaia leauinge with hym the hoi)e of the thoufande foulilyers, which his fonne 
 rtii'iyre<l to iiaffe oner thofe mountayne^ towarde the Soutli fea. Thus enteringe into the 
 .)il.i;.;e which they had chofeii to iiihabite, they hail knowleage that VaUiuia was returned. 
 ■Mthin f\xe moonethes after his departure: but with noo great plentie of vytayles, bycaufe 
 lie briiwght but a fmaule fliipjte: yet with hope that fliortely after, there fliulde bee fent 
 thein abun'lance of v\t.i\!es with a iiewe fupi)ly of men. For you;ige Colonus, the .\diiiiral and viceroy of 
 J/ij/\inu<.',i. and the other gouemours of the llande, acknowleaged that hetherto they had noo refpecte to they ni 
 of Darietiii, bycaufe they fuppofed that Aiuifus the Lieueteiiaiit had fifely anyuc-d there with his fliipjH; bden 
 with vauyles: wyll)Tlge them from henfefoorlli to bee of goiKl cheere, and that they fliulde Lacke nothynge 
 here.ifter: Hut that at this prefeiit tyme, they h.id noo luj^uer fliippe wherby they myght fende them greater 
 plentie of neceflluies by VaUiuia. The vyt.iyks therfere which he browght, ferued rather fumwhat to mytigate 
 theyr prefent necefiitic, then to fatiffye theyr lacke. \Vlierforc within a fewe dayes after VaUiuia his retnme, 
 they fel ageine into lyke fcarfnes: efpecially for afinuch as a great flomie and tempefl \thiche came from tlie 
 hyghe mounuyncs with horrible thunder and lyghtnynge in the mooiuth of .Noueiiiber, browght with it fuche 
 a flailde, that it panely carjed away and partly drowned all the come and feeiies whiche they had fowne in the 
 moonethe of September in a fnitefull grounde belorc they went to kyng Como^rus. The feedes which they of 
 lli/paniola caule Maizium. and they of Vraha caule Ilohba : Wherof they make theyr breade, w hich alfo wee 
 fayde to Inre rji>e thryfe euer>- ycare, bycaufe thole Regions ate not bytten with the fhaqmes of wj-nter by 
 reafon of the\T nerenes to the Ivjuinocti.il lyne. It is alfo agreable to the principles of naturall philofophie, 
 that this brcide tnade of .\faiziiis or JMha, fliulde bee more holfunie fur th[ejinliabitantes of thofe contreys 
 then l»reaile made of wheate. by reafon tliat it i^ of eafyer digeflion. For wheras coulde is wantinge, the 
 tuturall hcatc is not dr>uen frome the owtewarde partes into tlie inwarde jwrtes and jtrecordials, whereby 
 digellion is much llreii,;thened. Ikiiige therfore tlius frullrate of the in< reafe of the>r feedes, and the kynges 
 nere abowte them fjioyleil of both vM.iyles and golde, they were enforced to feeke thc)i iiieate further of: And 
 therwith to fjgnific to the gouemours of /////.r/w/ir w ith what great neceflltie they were opprelTetl: And what 
 they had lemed of d'/n.'^rus as coniernynge the Regions towarde the Southe: wyliynge them in confideration 
 thcrof to aduertyfe the kynge to fende them a thoufande fouldiers, by whofe helpe they myght I y force make 
 waye throwghe the mountaynes diuidynge the fea on botlie fydes, if they coulde not br)nge the fame to paflc 
 quyetly. The fame VaUiuia was alfo fent on tliis iiielV.ige. < aryiiige with hym to the k>nges treafourers (hauingc 
 theyr offi< e of receptc in Hiff^iuit'la) three huiulreth iHHindes weyglit of goltle after eyght ounces to the |>ounde. 
 fi>r the fxfce jortion dcwe to the k)nges efclieker. This pouiide of. viii. \n( . •j, the .Spanyardes caule Marcha, 
 whiche in weyght aniounti th to fyftie i>ieces of golde cauli-d CaJlMini. Hut the Callilians, caule a iHjund 
 J'ffum. Wc conclude therfore, that the fume hereof, was. xv. thoufande of thofe pceccs of golde caule«l 
 CajUllani. .\nd thus is it app.irciite by this accompte, that they receaued of the barbarous kynges, a thoufande 
 ami fyuc humlreth |ioumles of eyght ounces to the [Kjunde. .Ml the whiche lliey founde redy wrought in fuiuir>- 
 kyndes of ouches, as cheyiies, brafelets, tablets, and plates, bothe to haiige before theyr brelles, and alfo at 
 lhe>T eares, and nofethr)ls. VaUiuit therefore tooke fliyppinge in the fame carauell in the whiche he came 
 lall, and tetume«l alfo lH.-efore the tliyrde ilay of the Ides of lanuary, in the yeare of Chrift M. D. XI. Wlut 
 ihaunced to hjm in this vyage, we wyll declare in place conuenient. Hut let vs nowe retumc to them which 
 III 
 
■p 
 
 The fccoude Decade. 
 
 119 
 
 reniayncd in Vraba. After the difmirtinjjc of I'a/i/iiiiii, I)cini,'o pritkctl fonvarde with owtragious hungt-T, they 
 determined ;o fearchc the inner partes of that goiihc in funilr>- pbces. I'hc extreme angle or poynt of the 
 fame goulfe is diftanl from the tntcraiice therof. alioute foure fcore mylcs. This angle or comer, the Span- 
 yardes caule Culata. I'afchus hyni felfe came to this poynte with a hundreth men, coaflynge alonge l>y the 
 goulfe with one brj-gantine and ccrteyne of the boates of thofe regions, which the Vraliians caule I'rii. lyke 
 vnto them wliiche th[e]iiilial)itanies of llifpiiiiiola caule Can. , is. l-rom this jMiuit, there fauleth a r\uer from 
 the Kafl into the goulfe, ten tyines hygger then the r)-uer of JXiri,-na whicli alfo fauleth into the i.xmt:. Saylyng 
 alonge by tht; ryucr about the fpace of thirtie myles (for they caule it iiyne lea*jues) and fumwhat inclynynge 
 towarde the ryght hande fouthwarde, they founde ccrteyne vyllages of th[e]inhabitantcs, the Kjnge whereof, 
 was cauled Dahiiki. Owre men alfo were certif\eil before, that CcmaiJtus the kynge of Diiri,n,i whom they 
 put to rtyght n the battayle, fledde to this Dalhiiht. But at the comm\nge of owre men, Dalhiiha alfo fledde. 
 It is thowght that he was admonyfflied by Cenitahiis, tiiat he fliulde not abyde the bnmte of owre men. He 
 folowetl his counfayle : forfooke his vyllagis, and lefte all thynges defulate. Vet owre men founde heapes of 
 bowes and ar.-owcs : .Mfo much houfehold ftufJ'e and many fyflliyng Iwates. I!ut thofe marynie groundes were 
 neyther apte f >r fowinge of feedes or planting of trees. l?y reafon wherof, they Ibunde there fewe fuche thynges 
 as they defyred: that is, plentic of vytayles. For th[c]inhabitantes of this Region, haue noo breade but fuih as 
 tliey get in other contreys nere abowte them by exchaunge for thcjT fyfOie. only to feme theyr owne neceflitie. 
 Yet lounde they in the houfes of them that fledde, golde WTOught ami grauen, amountynge to the fume of feuen 
 thoufande of t.iofe pieces whiche we fayde to bee cauled Cajlcllani : Alfo certeyne canoas : of the which they 
 brought away twoo with them, and great pleiitie of theyr houlliolde fluft'o, with certeyne bundels of bowes and 
 arrowes. They faye, that from the maryffhes i>( that ryuer, there cooine certeyne battes in the nyght feafun, as 
 bvg;;^ as nutle dooues, inuadyng men and byiinge them with a deadly wounde. as fume of them tellifie whiche 
 h.uie byn bytten of the fame. I my felfe communing with Aiicifus the Lieuetenant whom they reiecteil, and 
 amonge other thynges afkynge him of the venemous bytinge of ihefe battes, he toulde me diat he hym felfe was 
 bytten by one cf them on the heele, his foote lyinge vncouered in the nyght by reafun c.f the heate in fniniiier 
 feafon : But that it hurt hym noo mure, then yf he Ii.idde byn bytten by any other l)earti- not venemous. Other 
 faye, that the b)tynge of fume of them is venemous: Yet that the fime is healed im ontinently, if it be waflhed 
 with w.iter of the fea. Ancifus toulde me alfo, that the venemous woundes made by the Canibales arrowes 
 infected with jioyfon, are healed by waflhynge with water of the fea, and alfo by cautcrifmg with hotte I reus; 
 .\nd that he hail ex])erience thereof in the region of diribana, where many of his men were fo wounded. 
 They deixirted therfore, from the poynte of the goulfe of ]'raba, not well contented bycaufe they were not la<len 
 with vitailes. In this their retume, there arofe foo greate a temped in that w)'de goulfe, that they were enforced 
 to cafle into the fea, all the houfeholde lUirte whiche they tooke from the jX)ore wretches whi( he lyued onely i)y 
 fiOliinge. The fea alfo fwalowed vpp the two boates that they tooke from theym, whcrewyth the men were 
 likewife drowned. The fame tyme that Wifchus Xiiniuz atteniptal to fearche the iR>ynte of the goulfe towarde 
 the fouthe, euen then by agremente, dyd Roikriais Colmataiis take his viage towarde the mountaynes by the 
 eafle. with thre fcor(e] men, by the ryuer of the other goulfe. -Xboute fortie miles dillante from the moulhe of 
 the rjuer, (for they caule it twelue lea'jues) he founde certeyne vilages fituate vp|K)n the bankes of the ryuer, 
 whofe C/<////, (that is.) kinge, they aiule Tumi. Widi this kinge dyd Colmcnaris yet remayne when Wifdius 
 after his retume to Daruna, Dyling by the fame r)uer, came to hym. Here refreffliinge the)r hole coonipany 
 svith the vitailes of this Ttirui, they dejarted from thenfe log)ther. Other fortie myles from henfe, the r)uer 
 encoomi<afeth an Hand inhaliited with fyflher men. In this, bycaufe they fawe greate plentie of the trees which 
 beare Cajl'ui fijlula, they named the Hand dinniijijliihi. They found in it, threefmre \ill.iges of teune cotages 
 apiece. On the right fyde of the Hand there runneth an other ryuer, whofe chanell is of depth fufticiente to 
 beare brigantines. This rjucr they r.uiled Riuiim Xi,i;ruM: from the mouthe wherof about, xv. myles dillante 
 they founde a towne »( lyue hundreth houfes feuered: wliofe CArbi, (that is,) kinge, was cauled .ll't-mi madid. 
 They all forfooke theyr houfes as foone as they harde of owre mennes commyng. Hut when they fawe that 
 iiwre men purfued them, they tume<l ageyne anil ranne vppon them with defperate niindes. as mendriuen from 
 their owne pofTeflions. Thejr wei>ons, are fwordes of wod, and long flaues like iauclens, hardened at the ende 
 with fyer: But they vfe neyther bowes nor arrowes: nor any other of th[e]inhabitantes of the welle lyde of the 
 goulfe. The pore naked wrett lies were cafely dryuen to flight with owre weaptins. As owre men folowed the)ni 
 ui the chafe, they tooke the kinge .-//vv/jwji//,/ and certeine of his noble men. .\ < ommon fouldier of owres 
 whom the kynge had wounded, coonmiinge to hym when he was taken, oitte of his arme at one flroke with his 
 fwoorde. But this was doone vnwares to the capitaynes. The numln'r of the Chridian men which were here, 
 was aboute a hundrethe and fiftie: the one halfe whereof, the <a|)yta\nes lefte here, and they with the refydue, 
 rowed vpp the r)\ier ageyne with twelue of the boiites of thofe Regions, whiche they caid. f'ni, as they of 
 JlijJ'aHMacMic them C'ancat, as we hauc fayde. l'"rom the rjuer of Riitus Xig/r and the Hand of (.\\iiiiajijhila. 
 
 119 
 
 The cmilfc of 
 VraUi. 
 
 Cxhla. 
 
 V.iMrhirt scan h^-lh 
 
 the eoulfe uf 
 
 Vr.iKa. 
 
 A tiLinielous great 
 
 ryiivr. f^itilynK 
 
 inl- the gou!^ of 
 
 Kvnffe r).ib.iiKa 
 an.I ( hcmacchii^. 
 arc dryuen to 
 
 Maryiihc grniitide 
 
 Vtt lll.ltlN^llJ 
 
 LasicILincx. 
 
 turtle ilouct 
 
 AikImh !>yltcn 
 uf A tMttc 
 
 Remedies .iceyTi^t 
 vcncniuus artuws 
 
 A tempc«l. 
 
 ('■■Imenari^ talfth 
 lll^ vyage tow.irJe 
 
 the tntintains 
 
 Kynge Tumi. 
 
 The ILind of 
 Canruf)MiiI.i. 
 
 68 
 
 j The ryuer ■ f 
 
 j Kiiiiis NigM 
 I A ii'wne of V. 
 
 I hninlrcth huu^ci- 
 
 Ttirc)inhah!i.iniei 
 u\ the wc^l »y<lc 
 of the g'lulfc. 
 
 Kvncc 
 Altrn uiLiihri, \% 
 laLrii and \\\\ 
 arme rtit of. 
 
 :■ 
 
 } 
 
 ,1*. 
 
 ■| 
 
 i!"' 
 
 1 J 
 
 ;i; 
 
7nr 
 
 »»•' 
 
 120 
 
 77/c fccoihk Decade. 
 
 M-my other 
 ryiier* f-uiimc 
 int'> Kiuu^ Ni)C<:r 
 
 Kyni> .i!itl>ciKi 
 ilwcllcthc in J, 
 trie. 
 
 Abuiuluncc of 
 mayster and heal 
 in citiw uf 
 byggenes. 
 
 The ryiynge of 
 the Ocean tcx 
 
 Tree4ofm.iracIo 
 height 
 
 KrutefiiUgrounlc 
 
 C'ellfr* in t!tc 
 
 Ahibcik), th? 
 kynue of the iree, 
 vcMcthf i.» 
 *'a»chus. 
 
 69 
 
 (loM no more 
 cMciiicd iticn 
 
 Mullen 
 
 Ctnibalw 
 
 for the fpcc of thrccfcore and ten mjK-s, leaiiinj; both on the right hande and on the lefte many riuers fauh'nge 
 into it l>igi;er then it felfe, they entred into one by the con(hK tynge of one of the naked inhabitantcs, lieinge 
 apixixntid a guyde for that jnirpofe. Vppon the Iwiike of this ryuer ne\t \nto the mouthc of the fame, there 
 was a kynge cauletl AHbiiba: who, byiaufe the Region was full of nianflhes, bad his {xibice buyldetl in the 
 loppe of a highe tree, a newe kynde of byldyngc and feldome feene. But that lande l>earcth trees of fuchc 
 e\ceding hiig[h]ih, that enionge tlu-yr brandies, a man may frame large hoiifes: As wee rcide the like in diuers 
 autoiirts howe in many Regions where the ocean fea ryfcthe and oiiertlowethe the lande, the peojile were 
 accullometl to (lye to the high tree-^, anrl alur the faiile of the water, to take the fyfflie lefte on the l.inde. This 
 maner of biiyldinge, is to laye beames crolVe oner tlic branches of the trees, fafte bownde togAther. and there 
 vppon to rayfe the)T frame, ftrongly made ageynfle wynde and wether. Owre men fui)jK>fe that they buylde 
 theyr houfcs in trees, by rcafon of the greate fliiddes and oiierfioH inge of r)uers whiche often tymes thaunce in 
 thofe Regions. Thefe trees are of fiiche laightli, that the flrciigth of no manes amic is able to htirle a ftone to 
 the houfes buyldcd therein. .And tlierfore cloo I gyiie the better credit to I'linic and other autours whiche wrjttc 
 that the trees in fume places in liulia are foo high by reafon of the frutefulnes of the grounde, abundance of 
 water, and heate of the Region, that noo man is able to finite oner theym with an arrowe. And by iudgemente 
 of all men. it is thowght that there is noo frutfuUer ground vnder the foonne, then this is whereof wee nowe 
 entreate. Owt men nuafuringe manye of tlu'fe trees founde theym to bee of fuche biggnes, that feuen men, 
 ye fuinetymes eight, holdinge hande in hamle with theyr amies flrcai bed furthe. were fcarfely able too fathanie 
 them al)Oute. Yet haue thty ilujr cellers in the grounde, well repleiiyniied with fuch wynes wherof wee haue 
 fpokcn bcefore. For albeit that the veheniencie of the wynde. is not of jioure to carte downe thofe houfes, or 
 to breeke the brandies of the trees, yet are they tolled therewith, and fwaye funnvliat from fyde to fyde, by 
 reafon uherof. the wyne fliulde bee mudie troubeled with moouinge. All otiier necefi'.iyre thinges. they haue 
 with theym in the trees. When the kynge or any other of the noble men, dyne or fup](c in ihefe trees, theyr 
 wvncs are brought theym from the celleres b) theyr feruantes, «hyche by meanes of excrcife. are accuftomed 
 with noo lelTe ccleritie to ninne vppe and downe the (Teares adherente to the trt-c, then doo owre waytynge 
 boyes vpjion the jilayne grounde, iVtdie vs what wee caule for from the r(iiil>,irde byfyde owt dyninge table. 
 < )wre men therfire, came to the tree of kinge Al'ihril'ii, and by th[e]interpretoures cauled Yiym foorthe to 
 communication, gjuinge h}iii llgiies of peace, and there vppon willinge hym to co<)mme downe. But he denyed 
 th.it he woolde coomme owte of his houfe: Defyriiige them to fulTer hym to lyue after his faflTiion. But owre 
 men fell from fayre woordes to threatening ■, That extepte he wolde ileftende with all his famelie, they wolde 
 eyther ouerthrowc the tree, or dies fet it on Iyer. \Vhen lie liad denied them ageyne, they fell to hewinge the 
 tree with theyr axes. Al'i.'rihi feeinge the cliipjies faule from the tree on euerj- fyde, chaungetl his purpofe, and 
 came tlowne with only two of his foones. Thus after they had entreated of peace, the)- communed of gaiheringe 
 of golde. AUhfiki anfwered that he had noo golde, and that he neuer had any neetle therof, nor yet regarded 
 it any more then ftone>. I'.ut when they were iiiflante vppon hym, he fayde vnto them. If yowe foo greatly 
 def>re golde, I will feeke for fume in the nexte mountaynes, and bringe it vnto yowe. For it is plentifully 
 engendreil in thofe mountaynes. 'I'hen he apjiointed a d.iy when he woM bringe this goKle. But AHbfibii 
 came nevilier at the d;i)-, nor after the daye appoynted. They departed therfore from thenfe well refreflbtni with 
 his vitaile^ and wyne, but not with goulde as they hoped. Yet were they eiifonne-d the like by Atihihi and his 
 ditionaries .as conceminge the golde inynes and the Canibales, as they harde l>efore of kinge Ci'mo^rus. 
 Sa)linge yet further aboute thirtie iiiyles, they chaunced vjipon certeyne i otages of the Canities ; But vtterly 
 voyde with owte men or llutfe. J\)r when they had knowleage that owre men wandered in the jirouinces nerc 
 aboute theym they reforted to the niouiitaynes, caryinge al thejr goodes and lluffe wyth them. 
 
 C Tin: r\FTr. bookk of the sfxonde 
 Of the fiippofed coittiiient. 
 
 D 
 
 ecadf. 
 
 Kynj{ Abraitu 
 
 N" the meane tyme wliyle thefe tli) ngcs were doonc alonge by the (hores or bankes of the 
 r>uer, a certeyne Decurian, that is a capytayne oner tenne, of the coompanye of thofe which 
 I'.tfii/s and Ci'/mrmiris h.id letie lor a garryfon in A'iiii> Xi^rt} in the dominion uf kynge 
 Aii'htniiiifii-i, whether it were that lie was ronipelled throwgh hunger, or that his fatauledayes 
 was nowe coonie. he .itteinpted with his fouldiers to fearche the countreys nere there about, 
 .iiid entered into the vyllage of a king cauled Abraiba. This capita) nes name was Raia: 
 »hom Abniihi (lewe, with twoo of his felowes: but the refytlue tletUle. Within a fe»e dayes 
 
 **• f 
 
The fccoudc \cade. 
 
 121 
 
 after, Abraiba hauinge comfia(Tion of the calaniilie of Iiis k)'nfemaii and neyghbour Abcnamachcius being drj-iien 
 from his owne pofTclTions (whofe anne alfo we fayd before tint one of the frnMiers cut of at the riucr of Jiiut> 
 .Y/t^n> and nowe renuyn)-nge with Abnirhi to wlionie lie fletlde by flelth .ukt lie was taken, went to Alibdl'ti 
 th[e]inhabitoiir of the tree, who had nowe lykewyfe forfiken his controy for iV.ire of owre men, and wandered 
 in the defolate mountaynes and wcKxldes. When he li,\d therfnre founde him, he fpake to him in this effecte. 
 What thynge is this Oh vnfortunate Abibdba: or what nation is this that foo tomienteth vs that wee can not 
 enioye owre ([uyet lybertie? Howe longe, howe longe I fay fliall wee fufl'er theyr crueltie? were it not much 
 better for vs to die, then to abide fuch iniiiries and oiii)reffions as yow, as -'//■///(7w/,7,7///'//x owre kynfeman, as 
 Ceiiiiicihus. as Carda, as Pi'tcha, as I and other princes of owr ordir doo fufteyne? Canne any tliinge bee more 
 intollerable then to fee owre wjiies, owtc ch)ldren, and owre fubiectes, to bee ledde awayc captiues, anil owre 
 goodes to be fjKjyled euen before owtc faces. 
 
 I take tlie goddes to w)-tncs, that I f]H.ake not foo much for myne owne part as I doo for yowe whofe cafe 
 1 lament. For albeit they haue not yet touihetl me. neuertheleflfe, by the example of other, I owght to thynke 
 that my dellruction is not farre of. Ix-t vs thertore (yf wee bee men) trje owtc llrengthe and proue owre 
 fortune ageynfl them whiche luue dclte thus cruelly with ./Av/i/w/.;. //,///.-. and dr>uen hym owte of his contrey. 
 Let vs fet on them with all owtc poure, and vtterly dellroy them .\nil si wee can niit lleye them al, )et fliall 
 Wee make them afrayde eythcr to altiyle vs ageyne. or at the leall dimynynhe theyr poure. l''>r wh.it foo euer 
 fliall befaule, nothynge tan chaunce woorfe vnto vs then that which we now fuffer. When Al..\ilhi harde tliefe 
 wordes and fuch other like, he conde[f]cende<l to doo in al thinges as Abmibti wolde requyrc: Where vi)pon 
 they apjioyntetl a day to brjuge the\T confi)iracie to pafle. Hut the thynge chauncetl not .i< cordynge to tluir 
 defvre. I'or of thole whiche wee Ciyde to haue pafied to the Canibales. there returned by chaunce to Jiiuiis 
 •Wi'ir the nyght before the day ap|>oyntai to woorke tlicyr feate, thirtie men to the ayde of iheym whiche were 
 lefte there yf anye fedition tliulde ryfe as they fuf]>ectcd. Tlierfore at the daunyng of tlie d.iy. the confellierate 
 kynges with fyue hunilreth of thevT ditionaries anned after theyr maner, befeaged the vyllage with a terrible 
 alarome, knowynge noth\-nge of the newe menne which came ihether the (lime nyght Here owre target men 
 came foortli ageynfl them, and f>-nl affayleil them a farre of with theyr arrowes, then with theyr pykes, and lalle 
 with theyr fwoordes : But the naked fevly fowles, perceauinge a greater number of theyr .iduerf.iries then they 
 looked for, were foone drjTien to flyght, and fla\ne for the mofl parte lyke fcater)-nge flieepe. The kynges 
 efcaped, they flewe manye, and tooke many captiues whiche they fente to Darictia where they vfe them for 
 labourers to tyll and fowe they grountle. Thefe thynges thus haj.pely atchyued, and that prouince cpiyeted, 
 they relumed by the r>uer to IXirma. leauinge theyr thyrtie men for a gany Ton vnder the gouernance of one 
 i'uiiitado a capitayne. This Furata.io therfore, fente from Riiw .Xi^ro where he was ajipoynted gouernoiire, 
 twentie of his felowes and one woman, with, xxiiii. cajitiues to Vafchus and his company, in one of the byg^ell 
 Ciim<iTS of that prouince. As they rowetl downe by the rpier, there came foorth fooilenly ouerthwarte the 
 ryuer ageynft them, fouregreate Giwtvu, which ouerthrew theyr boateand llewe as many of them as they roulile 
 coome by, bycaufe they were vnprepared fufiK-cting noo fuch thinge. Owre men were all drowned and ll.iMie 
 excepte twoo, which hyd them felues amonge ccrte\ne fagotles that f» amine on the water, in the whiche iliey 
 la\e lurkynge, anil foo efcajied to theyr felowes in Dtirioia: who by them beinge aduertyfeil hereof, beganne 
 to cafle theyr wyttes what this thjijg might meane: beinge no lelTe foliiitate for them felues, then meditatyiige 
 in what daunger thejT felowc* had bjTi in Ritu' Xi^^iv, excepte by gotnl fortune, thofe thirtie newe men which 
 were fente to them, had coome to the vyllage the nyght before the confpiracie fliulde haue byn wrouglit. Con- 
 fiiliiiige therefore what »-,-" bell to bee doone lierein, at the lengtlie with dylygent fearchynge they had 
 intelligence that fjTie kynges. that is to w)-tte, Abibriba the inhabitoure of the tree, and C<i>i,ii\/iiis dryueii from 
 his \)llage whiche o»Te menne nowe poffelTetl, Abmiht alfo ami Abatitma^hdus, kynfemeii, with Dalhiiba the 
 king of the fylher men inhab\tinge the comer of the goulfe whiche we cauled Cu/ata, were all aflenililed to 
 confpire the Chriftian mens dctlniclion at a day alVigned. \\hicli thynge had furely coome to paffe, if it had 
 not byn otherwyfe hyndered by gods prouidence. It is therfore afcr)bed to a myracle: .\nd trewly not 
 vnwoorthely if wee weye howe chaunce detected and bewrayed the counfayle of thefe kynges. And b)caufc it 
 is worthy to bee harde, I w)U declare it in fewe woordcs. I'li/Jtiis Xunitcz therfore. who rather by poure then 
 by electifjn, vfurped the gouenuunce in Dariena, beinge a mailer of fence, and rather a rafflie royfler then 
 (lolitike ca]iitayne (althowgh fortune fumtyme fauouretli fooles) amonge many women which in dyuers of thefe 
 regions he h.ad taken captyue. had one whiche in fauoure and bewtie excelled all other. To this woman her 
 owne brother often tymes reforted. who was alfo dryuen owte of his contrey with kynge Cnniicchiis, with whoip 
 he was very familier .ind one of his chiefe gentelmen. .\monge other communication which he had with his 
 fyller whom he loued entierly. he vtteroi thefe woonles. My deare and welbeloueil f)l'ler, gyue earc to my 
 f.iviiiges, and kcej>e mofte fecreatelye that whiclie I wyll declare vnto yowe, yf yitwe defyre yowre owne wealth 
 and myne, and the nnifjK'ritie of owre contrey ami kyiifefolkes. The infohncie and cnieltie of thefe menne 
 
 Aliriil.i r.mwlh 
 llu- kvnj;ct lu 
 
 nbcll. 
 
 Men gooil 
 fniiw^;h yf they 
 h.id irt:n 
 
 Tlic kynges arc 
 .irc ilryiicn tu 
 llyKht. 
 
 70 
 
 l"a|tlyucv 
 
 A g.iryson »jf x.vx. 
 men. 
 
 xviii. "p.any.nrdc^ 
 sl.iyiit: .uul 
 dr'iwiicd 
 
 The k!nf;r^ uIulIi 
 coiisnireii llic 
 dc.uh i>f the 
 Chri•■ti.ln^. 
 
 A stringc I h.uincc 
 
 W.iincnc.irt kccpe 
 nu counuylc. 
 
 I!' 
 
 f 
 
122 
 
 The fecoiidc Decade. 
 
 An army of C 
 (htiiulrcil) c.iiioa-i 
 ;iiui fyiic M. 
 
 Ilhiiuviiiil] men. 
 'rryiiniphc bcftirc 
 vie lory 
 
 Aflcrticin 
 cnrnniicth trcw 
 iud^ciiic-nt. 
 
 71 
 
 TIic c<in'^pira< ic 
 iif the kvin;cs is 
 delected. 
 
 Kyng Ccmaccluis, 
 iMii-pyrcth the 
 tlcth uf Vaschiis. 
 
 V.isdui^ pursewcth 
 ihc kyliK^s with 
 three \<:<>re and 
 Icn meiK 
 
 C'oliiienarii 
 s.icketh the 
 vylKuje of Tichiri. 
 
 I'yue nilers 
 hanged and hh«>t 
 thri'W^ti with 
 arruws. 
 
 Tlie goldetl 
 regions on the 
 suiilh side tlie 
 niountaynes. 
 
 The death nf 
 Valdillia and 
 
 /.iniiithtis. 
 
 wliii lie liaiic ilryucn vs owtc of ow re poffclViDns, is foo intollcrable, that the princes of the lande are detcrmyne*! 
 noo longer to fullcyne theyr oi)prefrions. 
 
 Uy the conthictingc therforc of fyiic kingcs (wliicli he named in order) they haue prepared a hundreth 
 greate Caiwas, with fyue thoiifande men of warre by landi and by fea, with vitailes aifo in the village of Tu/iiri, 
 fiifVu lent to maintayne fiicli an army. 1 Kt laringe further, that the kingcs by agremcnte, had diuidcd cmonge 
 llieym the goodcs and headdes of owre men : And therfore adnionyflKd I. t, at the daye ajijioynted by fume 
 occafion to conueigh her felfe owte of the way, left: (hce IhiiKl bee flayne in the confufion of the bataile. For 
 the fouldior victourer, is not woonte to fpareany th,:!; romnKthc in ills rafe. And thus fluwinje his fyfler the 
 daye alVigned to the flawghter, he tleparted. Hut the younge woman (for it is the fwoord that v jnien feare and 
 obferue more then the grauitie of Calo,) whether it were for the lone or feare that flice had to I'li/Wius, for- 
 gettinge her parcntes, her kynfiblkes, her countrey an<l all h'.r frendes, ye ami all the kinges into whofe throtes 
 Vii/i/iiis, had thrude his fwoorde fliee opened all the matter vnto hym, and conceled none of thofe thinges 
 whiche her vndifcrete broothcr had dcilared to her. When Vafchus therfore had hard the matter, he caufed 
 Fii/itiii, (for foo had they named her) to fer.ile for lier brother, who came to her immcdiatly, was taken, and 
 enfori ed to tell the hole circumflances of the matter. Where vpi)on, he i)layncly confcfled that kinge Canauhus 
 hys lorde and niafler, fente thofe foure canoas to the deflniction of owre men, and that thefe newe confpiracies 
 were attemjited by his confailc. I.ikewife that Cemaichus fowght the deflniction of Vaschtis hym felfe when he 
 feiit hym fiirtie nun vnder pretence of frendlhippe to tyll and fowe his grownd after the nianer of the contrey, 
 gyiiinge them in rommaiindement to fleye I'li/i/iiis at Marris, whyther he reforted to comfortc his laboures as 
 the mancr is of all good htifbandes. Yet durfle uiey at noo tyme execute theyr lordes coniniaundemente v]ipon 
 hym, bycaufe Vafchus came neuer emonge them afoote or vnarmed, but was act uQomed to ryile to iheyin in 
 harnes with a iauelen in his hande anil a fwoorde by his fyde. A\'lierf(jre Cinhjcclius beinge fnillrate of his 
 ]i,mi(uler Kinfaile, tooke this lafle thing in hande to his owne dellruetion and his neighbours. For the 
 confpiracie beinge detected, Vajchiis cauled thrtefiore and tenne fouldiers, conimaundinge them to folowe him, 
 but declared nothing vnto them whether hee wcnte or what hee entended to do. He wente forwarde therfore 
 fyrfle towarde Cimacchus which ley from hym, onely tenne myles. But he had knowleage that he was flcilde to 
 Ditlhiilhi the kinge of the niariflies of Ciilata. Yet fearchinge his village, he foumle a noble man a ruler vnder 
 hym and alfo his kinfleman, whome he tooke prifoner with many other of his faiiiiliers and frendes both men 
 and women. The fame hoiire that he fette forwarde to feeke for C\mauhtis, Kodiiiais Colmaians rowe<l vp the 
 ryuer with foure of theyr byggelle Catwas and threefcore men by the conduction of the niaydes brother who 
 browglit hym to the village of Tiihiri, in the which we fayd all their vitailes to rernayne whit he were prepared 
 for the) r armye. Colmenaris therfore, facked the village, and jjoffefled all their vitayles and wyne of fundry 
 colours: likewife tooke the gouernoure thereof prifoner, and hanged hym on the tree in whiche he dwelte hym 
 felfe, conimaundinge hym too bee fliotte throwgh with arrowes in the fight of th[e]inhabitantes, and with hym 
 foure other rulers to bee hanged on iebbettes to the e.xemple of other rebelles. This piinyfllimenle thus 
 executed vpi)on the confpiratours, flrooke the hartes of all th[e]inhabitantes of the prouince wyth fuche feare, 
 that there is not nowe a man that dare ftoore his finger ageynfl the wratlie of owre men. They lyue nowe 
 therefore ([uietly: And the other kinges by theyr exeinple doo the gladlyer hue in fubiection, with lell'e oflence 
 bearinge the yoke whyche they can by noo mcancs fliake of. 
 
 The syxte booke of the .seconde decade 
 Of the fitppofcd coutiuciitc. 
 
 Hefe thynges, thus fynyfllied, aflemblinge all their company togither they detennined with one 
 confente, that a melTynger fliulde foorth with bee fente to Hifpaniola (from whenfe they haue 
 thtiv Uiwes anil ayde) to declare the hole order of all thefe affayres, fyrfle to the adniirall and 
 giiuernoure of the Hande, and afterwarde to the Kinge of Spayne, and to perfuade hym to 
 fende thofe thoufand men which younge Coiiuh^nis faid to bee expediente to paffe oner the 
 niountaynes lying betwene them and the golden regions towarde the Southe. Vafihus him 
 felfe dyd greatly atTecte this embafage: But neyther woolde the refydewe of his felowes 
 electe hym therto, nor his factionaries fuller hym to departe : Afwell for that therby they thought they fliulde 
 bee left defolate, as alfo that they murmiiird that if Vii/ihiis fliulde once goo from theym, he wolde neuer retume 
 to fill he turmoyles and calamities, by th[e]example of Vdldiiiia and /aihiiuHiis, who had byn now abfente fence 
 
 
The fcioiuic Dccaih'. 
 
 123 
 
 the mooni;th of Januar)-, in foo muche that they thow ght tlicy wooldc neiicr roommc ageinc. lUit the matter 
 
 was othirwifc then tliey tooke it. . [ wyl llicwc in his place. For they were periflhcd. At the Icngeth after 
 
 many fcnitinics, tlicy elected one lohn QuurJits. a (jrauc man well in yearcs, and trcafourcr of the kings eft luker 
 
 in ihofe proiiinces. They had conceaued a good ojiinion of this Qiiiiidiis that all thynges (liiilde l)ce well 
 
 broHght to pafle by his nieanes, afwell lor his w) fdome, as alfo that they were in good hoij[i| of his returne, byt aiifc 
 
 he had brought his v.iffe with hyni to thofe regions, wlionie he lefte with his felowes for a pleiige 1' his comminge 
 
 ageyne. When they had thus elected Quiiniiis, they were ageyne of diuers ()])inions whom . they might iojne 
 
 with hyni for afliftance: Aft"irminge thit it were a daungerous thingo to comniittc foo weighlye a matter to one 
 
 mans handes. Not that they mil\rufted QukcJus, Iiut bycaufe the life of man is fr.iyle, and the cliaunge of the 
 
 ayer perelous, efpeci.illy to thcym hauynge nowe of longi' tynie byn m i uflomed to the teniiierature nero vnto 
 
 the fujiiiiuvtitil/, if they rtiulde l)€e compelled to nturne lo the Nortii with alteration of ayer and dyet. They 
 
 thowght it therfore good to appoynt a companion to Qnkiiliis, that if by chance the one Ihuld fayl the other 
 
 might reui.iyne: And that if they both efcapcd, the kin^' fliuld gyue the better credit to the relation of both: 
 
 After longe confultation therfore, they chofe Rodericus C/nieiiaris a. ni.ui of good experiento. of whom we haue 
 
 often tynies made mencion. For from his youth, he had trauayled oner al luirope by land and by fea, ami was 
 
 prefent at the doinges of all thynges in Italy ageynft the Frenchenien: Of whofe returne alfo, they Iiad noo 
 
 fmaule hope bycaufe he had many fermes and hadde tylled and fowne much grouiule in Dar'una, by thfejin- 
 
 civafe wherof he might get much gold by fellyng th^- finie to his felows. lie kfle therfore the charge of al his 
 
 afla)res in Daricna, with his partener Alphonfus . , .nncz, a ludge of the la we, who alfo was l)ke to haue byn 
 
 chofen procuratoure of this \-yage liefore Colmenaris if one had not put theim in remembraunce that he had a 
 
 wyfe at Matrilis: fearyng lead beinge ouercoome with her teares, he woolde no more returne. Colmauvis 
 
 tlurcfore, a free man and at libertie being alTotiate aflillant with QiikcJiis lliey tooke Ihyppyng togyther in a 
 
 brigantine, the fourth day of the Calendes of Nouember, in the yeare of C'lirill. 15 12. In this vyage, beinge 
 
 totted with fundry tempeftes, they were by the violence of the wynde, cad vpi)on the Wede coades of that large 
 
 Ilande whiche in the fyrde Decade we cauled Cuba, fuppofed to haue byn fyrme lande. They were fore 
 
 opprelTed with hunger. For it was nowe three moonethes fence they departed from theyr felowes. I!y reafon 
 
 whereof, they were enforced to take lande to ]iroue what .i)de they coulde gette amonge the inhabitantes. 
 
 Theyr cluiunce therefore, was to arrjue in that part of the Il.uicle, where ValJiuhi was dryuen alande by temped. 
 
 Iiut oh yowe wretched men of Darifna? Tar\- for Valdiuia whom yowe lent to jirouide to helpe yowre 
 
 necedities ? Prouyde for yowre felues rather and trud not to them whofe fortune yowe knowe not. For when 
 
 he arryued in Cuba, th[e]inhabitantes flewe him with al his felowes, and kfte the carauell wherin they were 
 
 caried, tome in pieces and halfe couercnl with fande on the fliore: where Quiculm and Coltm-ihitU fyntlyng the 
 
 fragmentes therof, bewayled their felowes myffortunc. But they founde none of theyr carkefes : fuppofinge 
 
 tliat they were eyther drowned, or deuoured of the Ca bals, which oftentymes make incurfions into that Ilande 
 
 to hunte for men. But at the length, by twoo of the Ilande men which they had taken, they had knowleage of 
 
 Valdiuia his dedruction; And that th[e]inhabitantes the more greedely attempted the fame, for that they had 
 
 hardc by the bablynge of one of his felowes that he had great plentie ■ ' gold. I'or they alfo take pleafure in 
 
 the bewtie of gold, which they forme artificially into fundry ouches, 'thus owre men dryken with penfjuenes 
 
 for the cruell dedenie of theyr lelowes. and in vayne feekynge reuenge for theyr iniurics, determyned to Ibrfake 
 
 that vnfortunate lande, departxnge from thofe couetous naked barbarians with more forowe and necefi'itie then 
 
 liuy were in before. Or euer they had palled the South fytle of Cuba, they fel into a thoufande niylTortunes: 
 
 and had intellygence th.it Fo^ida arryued thereaboute, leadynge a myferable lyfe, toded and turnicnleil with 
 
 tempedes and vexed with a thoufand perplexities: Soo that departing from thenfe almod alone, his felowes 
 
 beinge for the mod parte all confumal with maladies and fiiniyn, he came with much difticultie to Ififfaniola. 
 
 where he dyed by force of the poyfon of his \encmous wound wliidi he h.id receaueil in I'laba as we haue faid 
 
 before. But Auiifus elected Licuetenaunt. fayled by all thofe coades with nuu h better fortune. For as he 
 
 hyin felfe toiddc me, he founde prof[K*rous wyndes in thofe parties, ami was well enterteyneil (/ th[e]inhabi- 
 
 tantes of Cuba. But this fpccially in the dominion of a certe)nc kyngc whofe name was Commendator. 
 
 For wheras he defyred of the Chridi.in men whiihe paded by, lo bee baiitifed, demaundynge the 
 
 name of the gouernour of the Ilande next vnto Ifif/'aiiio/a. beinge a noble man and a knyght of 
 
 th[e]order of Ca/atraua of which order al are raided Comiiuiidati'trs, this kynges defyre was to bee named 
 
 .•■fter h\in. K)nge Commendator therfore, frendety re( eau'.'d Amifus, and gaue Inni greate abundance 
 
 of al thynges necedarie. But what Andfus lemed of theyr religion durynge the tyme of his remayn'tige 
 
 there, I haue thowght good to aduertyfe yowre holynes. Yowe fliall therefore vnderflande, that ccrteyne 
 
 of O'.vre men faylinge by the ccxjdes of Cuba, lefte with kynge Ci'iniiundator a certeyne i)oore maryner 
 
 beinge difeafed. Who in fliorte fpace recoueringe his health, and hauynge nowe fumwhat lemed theyr language, 
 
 beganne to growe into great edimation .nth the kynge and his fubiectcs, in foo muche that he was oftentymes 
 
 I 
 
 tnlunnc« 
 
 i^iir ciliu is vent 
 
 j72 
 
 dtiunge ff the 
 
 Rodcrkiii 
 t'wlmcn.tri*. 
 asMfctsnt w ith 
 <JuiccJuk. 
 
 A myfe i^ a 
 hynUcniKc 
 
 CuhM. 
 
 Three mf-nciJic* 
 from DuriLnu t-i 
 CuLa, \y rcauin 
 of tcaipc»u 
 
 The tlciih f 
 
 Valdiuu. 
 
 Htirl of lauyihenci 
 of the tongfc 
 
 The calamitie .niwl 
 ilcjth 1. f Kugcda 
 
 fjjacn. 
 
 I 
 
 ; The pf^sper.'U* 
 ) vyjgc uf Anci>u&. 
 
 A k>-ng of Ciiha 
 U^p'.t^oJ l-y the 
 name of 
 Commenditnr. 
 
 A mi it MS 
 
 73 
 
 A m.inie!"U* 
 ht>i<-'ne huMc GimI 
 wroii^ht nurac't* 
 t'V the uniple f jyih 
 iji A mzryavi. 
 
 
 i\ 
 
 M 
 
124 
 
 The /ccoiidc Decade. 
 
 Mr nnt r.i^hc in 
 iudKcniviit 
 
 Zemet. 
 
 A c)i.ip«l builtle.l 
 l-i tliu I'i'iiirc I'f 
 the \\\^\t\ Mary 
 
 the iiif.itii ur .if 
 faidio fur ivlcs 
 
 One Religion 
 tiiriK-d tiiiM :\n 
 nthcr, hnl.ltih ^tyl 
 many ihini;c» of 
 die fyrsl. 
 
 A strange fantakic 
 
 Ihc c/Tcct "f 
 godly zcale. 
 
 A iiiir.tcli" in tlie 
 lynic <>f llm 
 b.aiayle 
 
 The virpin M.iry, 
 is present a\ the 
 baitayle. 
 
 74 
 
 A nt iniL-Iuft 
 cxptTicntc of 
 f.yth 
 
 Rfuchc lykc viito 
 this, is redilc llL 
 
 \Wl. V\tlL 
 
 the kynges I.icuctcnniiiU in his w.-ir'-.s agcynft other i)riiiccs his bortlicrcrs. This mans fortune was foo good, 
 lh.it ill! tliyngcs iirufiicrcd well tl it he tookc in handc. And albeit that he were not lerned, yet was he a 
 verluous and well ineanynf^c man accordynge to his knowU-ajje, and dyd relij;ii)iitly honoiire the blefled virgin, 
 liearyn^^e eueraliout with hyin her picture layre paynled vpon paper and fi)«d in his a|i|)arell nerc vnto his lirolle: 
 Signifyinge vnto the kyng, that this luilynes was the caufe of al his viituries: perfuail)nge hyin to don the lyke, 
 and to call away all his /.W(-,f w hie h were none other llien the fymilitudes of eiiyll fiiirites, mode criiell enemyes 
 and deuoiirers of owre fowles: And to take vnto hym the holy virgin and nioother of gcxl to lice his paironeflo 
 if he defyred all his atTayres afwell in warre as in jieaee to fui< eed jirofperoully. Alfo that the lileffed virgyn 
 woolde at noo tyme fayle hyni, but bee euer rcdy to helpe him anil his, if they woolde with dciioute liartes c aiile 
 v]ipon her name. 'I'lie m.iryner had foone peiriiaded the naked nation: And there xjipon gaiie the kynj;e (who 
 demaunded the fame) his p\( tiire of the virgin, to whom lie Imylded and dedicate a chapell and an altare, euer 
 after conlemnynge and reie(l)nge his Zcma. Of thcfe /.iims made of goflampine cotton to the fimilitiides of 
 fprytcs w.ilkjnge in the nyght which they ofteiitymcs fee. and fpeake with them familieiiy, wee haue fjioken 
 lullicieiiily in the nyiith booke of the fyrlle I)e(,ide. 1 iirthermorc, accordyiige t j the inllitution of this niaryner, 
 when the fooiine drawelh tow.irde the faule, this kynge Commrndtiti>r with all his f.imeiy bothe men and women, 
 reforte dayiye to the fayde chapell of the virgin M.iric, where kneelyng on theyr knees and reuercntly bowyng 
 downe dieyr heades, holdynge theyr handes ioyiied togyiher, they falute th[e]image of the virgin with thefe 
 woordes: Aiic Maria, Aiie Marici. For fewe of them can rehearfe any more woordes of this prayer. At 
 Aiiiifus his beinge there, they tooke hym and his felowes by the handes, and ledde them to this chapell with 
 reioyfmge, f.iyinge that they woolde fliewe theym nianiclous thynges. When they were entered, they poynted 
 with theyr fyngers to the Image of the virgin al to befet ami hanged abowte with ouches and iewcls and many 
 eartlien pottes, lylled fum w ith fundry meates, and fume with water, rownde aboute all the tabernacle. For 
 tlkfe tliynges they ofler to the image in the (leeile of facrifice, accordyng to theyr owlde fuperflicion towarde 
 theyr Zt'iiia. lieiiige demaunded why they dyd thus, they anfwered, lealle the image Ihulde lacke meate if 
 perhaps it fliiild be a hungerd. For they moll certenly beleue that images may hunger, and that they doo eate 
 and drynke. lUit what ayde and helpe they confelVe that they haue had of the godly poure of this image, that 
 is of the blelTed virgin, it is a thynge woorthy to be harde, and mod alVuredly to bee taken for a tnithe. For 
 by the report of owre men, there is Inch feruent godly loue and zeale in thefe finiple men tow.ird the holy virgin, 
 that to them beinge in the daungers of warre ageynfl tlnyr enemies, they doo in maner (yf I may foo terine it) 
 compel her to defcende froni heauen to hel()e them in theyr necellities: For fuch is the goodnes of god, that 
 he hath lefte vnto men in maner a pryce wherby wee may purchafe hym with his holy angels :iii(l fayntes, that 
 is to wytte, burnyng loue, charitie ar.d zeale. Howe therfore can the blel'feil virgin at any time be abfent from 
 them which cal for her lieljie with pure faitii .;:id feruent loue? Ccmnu-miator him fell'e, with al his noble men 
 and gentelmen, doo tellifie with one voyce, tliat in a fought battayle in the which this niaryner was capitayne, 
 bearyng with hym this picture of the virgin Marie, the Zciius of theyr enemies turned their backes and trembeled 
 in the prefence of the virgins Image and in the f> ght of them all. For cucry of them bryngc theyr Zaiui-s to the 
 b.itl.iyle. hopynge by theyr liel|)e to obteyne the victorie. Ve they fay further, that duryng the tyme of the 
 b.itlayle, they lawe not only an Im.ige, but a liuely woman doihed in fayre anil wliyte apparel, .aydyngc them 
 ageinft theyr enemies: whidie thynge alfo the enemyes them felues acknowleaged, conlelfynge that on the 
 contrar)'e jiarle fliee appeared to them, Ihakynge a fepter in her hande with threatenynge countenaunre, whiche 
 caufed theyr hartes to fliake and faynt for feare. lUit after that this maryner dei)arted from them, beinge taken 
 into a fliyp]ie of cerleyne Chrillians paflVnge by thofe coalles, Comiiundator declared that he with .all his 
 fubiecfcs, continually obfenied his inllitucions : In foo nuiche that beinge at contention with another prince, 
 which of theyr /.tiius were mofle holy and of greatefle poure, the ni.itter grewe to fuche extremitie that they 
 tryed it with iiande llrokes: .And tint in all thefe attemples, the blelVed virgin neuer fayletl hym, but was euer 
 prefente in the brume of the batl:iyle, and g;iue hym eafye \ ictorie witii a fmaule poure of men, ageynll a mayne 
 armye of his enemies. IJeinge deiuaunded with what woordes they < ryed vppon the virgin Mary when they 
 al'layled theyr enemies, they anfwered that they Iiad lerned noo other woordes of the mariners doctrine, but 
 Siiiifla Maria adiuiiii iios, SaiiHa Maria adiiiiia nos: That is, holy Mary helpe vs, holy Marye helpe vs: And 
 this alfo in the .Spanyflhe tongc. For he had lefte thefe woordes in the mouthes of all men. ^Vhyle they 
 murthered and dellroyed them felues thus on bothe fydes, they fell to enlreatie of pea( e and agreeil to tryc the 
 matter, not hande to hande by combatte of rerteyne chofen lor bothe jiarties as the maner was ainonge the 
 Konu)nes and dyuers other nations in the owlde tyme, or by any lljght or policic, but that twoo younge men 
 (liulde bee chofen, for cchc partie one, with theyr handes bounde fa(l behynde them in the playne fielde, bothe 
 parties beinge fworne to acknowleage that Zi'iiiii to bee the better, which fyrll loofed the bandes of the younge 
 man whiche lloode bounde for the tryall of his religion. Thus diuidinge them felues, and placeinge the 
 fayde younge men before them in the fyght of them al, with theyr handes fad bounde by theyr enemyes, the 
 
The feconde Decade. 
 
 125 
 
 contrary parte cauleil fyrft on theyr /xmcs (that is, the douyll to whofc fiinilitiidc the)T Images are made) who 
 immediatly appcred in liis lykenes aboute the ;ouiige man tluit llootle bounde in the defence of Salhans 
 kynge<lome. 
 
 Hut as foone as CommiiiJiitor with his coompanye crycd SiinHit Afiiria aJiiiiia iios, SaniJa Maria adiuiia 
 nos, forthwitli (here appeared a fayre virgin clothed in wiiyte, at whofe prefence the deuell vamiuiflhed immediatly. 
 Hut the virgin hauiiige a loiige rod in her hande, and putting the fame on the bandes of the younge man that 
 l\oo<le for Comiiuiiiialor, his handes were loofed immediatly in the fyght of them all, and his bandes founde 
 about the handes of hyin that llooile for the other j)artie, in fomuch that they them felues fownde hym dowble 
 buunde. But for all this, were not the memies fatiffyed: ([uerelinge that this thynge was doone by fum llyght 
 or diuife of man, anil not by the poure of the better Zand. And llierj vppDn reijuyred for tli[i.laduoy(lynge 
 of all fiifpect'on, that there myglit bee eyght graiie and fage men apimynted, for eche fyde foiire, wliiche Ihulde 
 bynde the men in tlie fyglit of theim all, and alfo gyue iudgemente whether the thynge were doone withowte 
 irafte or gvle. Oh pure limplititie and eonllant faylli: Uh golden and bleffed confidence. Ci'inmoulalor and 
 his familiers, doubted not to graunte theyr enemies theyr reiiuelle witii lyke faythe wlierwith tin- difeafed woman 
 obteynetl healthe of the (luxe of her bludde, and wlierby I'eter feared not to walke on the fea at the fyght of 
 his mailer Chrille. 'I'lK-fe younge men therfore were bounile in the prefence of thefe eight graue men, and 
 were placed within theyr iylles in the fyght of bolhe parties. Thus vppon a ligne gyuen, when they cauled 
 vpjKjn theyr Zciiu-s, there apjiered in the fyght of them all, a deuyll with a longe tayle, a wyde mouthe, greate 
 teeth, and homes, refemblyng the fnnilitude of the Image which the kyng being enemye to Commaulator, 
 honoured for his Zciius. .\s this dciiyl attempted to loofe the bandes of his cliente, the bleffed virgin was 
 immediatly prefente as before at the caule oi ComtiuiiJatoi- m\A his fubici les, and with her rodde loofed the 
 landes of her fupjiiiant, which were ageyne lykewyfe founile fall tyed aboute the haiuks of hym that (loode for 
 the contrar\e i)arte. The enemies therefore of Co'itim-ihiiilor, beinge llryken with greate feare and amafed by 
 reafon of this greate miracle, confelTed that the /jiiun of the virgin was better then their /aiius. For the better 
 profe wherof, thefe pagans beinge bortherers to Cominenihitor, which had euer before byn at continuall warn- 
 and enmitie with hym, when they had knowleage that Ana/us was arr)ued in thofe cairtes, they fente ambafa- 
 doures vnto hym, to defyre hym to fenil them i)reefl.es of whom they miglit bee baptifed; Where vppon he fent 
 them twoo which hee h.ul with hym there at that prefent. They b.ijitil'cd in one day a hundreth and tliirlie of 
 th[e]inhabitantes, finntjnie eneniyes to Commemfator, but now his frendes and ioyned with him in aliance. All 
 fuche as came to bee baptifed, gaue the preelles of theyr owne liberal'tie, eyther a cocke or a henne. Hut no 
 capons: for they can not yet Ikyl how to came tlieyr cocke chyken; to make them ca|)ons. Alfo certeyne 
 lalted fyffhes, and newe fyne cakes made of theyr breade; likewife certeyne foules franked and made fatte. 
 When the preefles reforted to the Ihippes, fyxe of tliefe newe bajjtyfed men accoompanied theym laden with 
 vitailes, whenvith they leilde a it)yfiill P^fler. For on the Sunday two dayes before faynte Lazaru a.iy, they 
 departi'd from Ihriimi, and touched at that tyme, onely to the cape or angle of Ciil<a nere vnto ' le F.ille fyde 
 of Ilifpaiiiola. At the recjuelle of Comnuiuialor, And/us lefte with hym one of his coom|)anie, to th[e]intente 
 too teache hym and his fubiectes wyth other his bortherers, the falutacion of the angell whiche we caule the Aiie 
 Maria, l-'or they thinke them felues to be foo much the more beloued of the bleffed virgin, as they can 
 reherfe the more woonles of that prayer. Thus Ancifus takinge his leaue of kynge ComnienJati>r. directed his 
 courfe to lliffaitiola, from whiche he was not farre. Shortely after, he tooke his viage to Spajne, and cxime to 
 VallaiioUto to the kynge. to wliom he made greuous coniplaint of the infolencie of WiUhus A'linncz, in fo nuiche 
 that by his procurenunte, the Kynge gaue fentence ageynlle hym. Thus muche haue 1 thowght good (molle 
 holy father) wherof to aduertyfe yowr holynes as concernyng the religion of thefe nations, not only as I haue 
 byn inflructed of Ana/us (wyth whom I was dayly conuerfante in the court and vfed hym familiarlye) but alfo 
 as I was enformed of dyuers other men of greate autoritie, to th[e]intentc that yowre exrollencie may vn ler- 
 llande howe tlocible this kynde of men is, and wyth what facilitie they may bee allured to embrafe owr 
 religion. But this can not bee doone foodenlye. Yet we haue greate caufe to hope that in lliorte t\-mc tliey 
 wilbe all drawen by litle and lille to the euangelicall lawe of Chrille, to the great encreafe of his llocke. But 
 let vs nowe returnc to the melTengers or procuratours as concerniynge the atfayres of Daricna. 
 
 Ilie ileuil 
 .i|i|>r,irctl) in hit 
 lykciiH 
 
 All othcf tairjklc. 
 
 .I/,iM. 14. 
 
 The deiiyl 
 .npticrclh .igcin. 
 
 The virgin M.iry 
 i>iirr(<iiiiitiL-lli tlie 
 dcuylL 
 
 InfideU conuericil 
 
 hv iiiirrn Ic. .^nd 
 t'.i|illM:d. 
 
 75 
 
 .-(«/ Af It fill. 
 
 Am iMis vy.tgi* to 
 
 • .ii|ilayttt.-tK vi 
 V ,-rhiis. 
 
 The hanicst i« 
 
 erc.it. I'Mi ihc 
 l.(l»^iirci << are fcwe. 
 
 f 
 
 III i 
 
 M 
 
 ( I 
 
 1 1 
 
 
 
 !« 
 
'fc\ 
 
 li', 
 
 126 
 
 i I 
 
 TJie fccoiidc Decade. 
 
 llisp.int>il.i viii 
 
 The pr-Hiinliiurs 
 of l)arivii.t, ;irc 
 hutiunhly 
 recc.iiurd at \W 
 cuiirii-. 
 
 Their ('i<ini>tcxiuii 
 iaaUcrcil 
 
 Of whom the 
 ;iiil.iiir Ii.kI 
 iiir<iriii.iti''ii 
 
 76 
 
 The cfT ..e maMcr | 
 ufthv kyiit{<^'«!ihipi 
 
 uf lijricii.i. 
 
 rh|e) oncion .f 
 ihc l.yshu,, M 
 lliirKc^ III iIk' 
 ilcfetuc of iVlrii' 
 
 'Ihf! UMITC* of 
 
 AphiK.' 
 
 C The sevlnth booke of the seconde decade 
 Of the fiiffpofcd coiitiueiite 
 
 BKoin JXiriiiM to llif[<aui,<hi \i tyglitc tlayes failiiigc .ind fumlynics Icnfc with a profpcrous 
 wyiule. Yet (hiucihis and Co/mcmiris the procuratours of Diiriemi, hy rcafun of tcinpclU's 
 aiui tontn'ry wymles, could I'carfily lailc it in a Iniiulnthc daycs. When tlie) liad 
 laryed a ftwe dayes in Jlifpaniola, and had declared the caufe uf the conuninge to the 
 adiiiirall and the other f^ouernours, ihey tooke Hiippint^e in two inarchantc lliippes beinge 
 redye furi^y filled, wliieh we'.e alfo accuftonied to faiie too and froo lietwene Spayne and the 
 Ilaiide of y/;//*!////!'/!/ 'I'liey departed {xo\\\ Daiii-na (as we fa> ile before) the fourlhe day 
 ol the ealende-^ of nouemlier in the yeare of Chnll. 151 J, and came not to t!ie eourte before the caleiides of 
 May in the yeare folowinge beinge the yeare of Chrille. 1513. At tli[e]yr lonunynge to the eourte, Johannes 
 l\>nj\(a (to whom at the beg\nnyngc the charge of thefe atlayrcs was committed, whom alfo for hys faithful 
 feruiee towarde the kinge, yowre holynes ere:;ted geiierall conunilTarie in the warres ageynlle the nioores) 
 reeeaiied them honorably, as men conuninge from the newe world, from naked n.itions, and landes vnknowen 
 to other menne. 
 
 C liy the preferniente therefore of the b)flhope of J>iirf^<s, QiiiuJiu and Co/niahiris were brought before 
 the king, and declared tlieyr lega( ie in his ])refeiue. Suche newes and prefentes as they brought, were 
 tklertable to the kin,L;i- and his nobii' men, for the newnes and flraungnes therof 'I'liey alfo fuiorned with me 
 often lynies. I'heyr countenaunies doo iledare the inteniiiei ' iies of the ayer and ri'gion of Daiiena. For 
 they are yelowe lyke vnto them that haue the yelowe gaundies: And alfo fwolne. Hut they aferybe the caufc 
 hereof, to the hunger which they fiilleyned in tyme pall. 1 haue byn adu;rtifed of tli[e|affayres of this newe 
 woorlde, not onely by thefe jjrocuratours of Ihnitna, and .hui/iis, and /iiintiJim, but alfo by conference with 
 /uhiia the lawier, who r.mne oner a greate jiarte of ihnle coalles. l.ikewyfe by relation of \'ini<fttiiis Annez 
 the patrone of the lliippes, anil Aijonfuf JS'i-^nus, both being men of greate experience and wel trauayled in 
 tliofe parties, bcfide many other, of whom wee haue made mention in other places. For there came neuer any 
 from thenfe to the court, but tooke greate pleafure to certitie mee of al thytiges eyther by woonle of mouth or by 
 wrytyiige. Of many lliynges therfore whit h 1 lemed of them, I liaue gajiered fuihe as to my ludgement feeme 
 molle worthy to faliffie them that take deiyte in hylbirics. Itiit let vs nowe ded.ire what folowed after the 
 comminge of tne i)rocuratours ui JMritiuj. 'I'herfore, before theyr arryuall there was a rumoure fpreade in the 
 eourte, that the chiefe gouernoures and Lieuctenaunles Nicucfa and Jvgiiia, alfo lohanna De la L\'ffa (a man of 
 f.ich repiUacion tli.it by the kiiiges letters patentes he was named the greate m.iller of the kynges lliyppes) were 
 all ]ieryllied by iiiili h.iiiiK e: And thit thole fewe whiih yet rema\ iied alyiie in Jhirirna, were at conteneion and 
 dilcorde amonge tliem felues: So th.it they neyther endeiloiirjd tlieyt diligence to allure thofe finiple nations to 
 owre l.iylhe, nor yet had regarde to feaiche the n.itiires of thofe Regions. In (onfideration whcrof, the k_ :ige 
 was determyned to feiide a newe capitayne thyther whiehe lliulde rellore and fet all thynges in good order, and 
 put them c)«te of autoritie whic he hadde vfurped lli[e]enipire of thofe prouin_es withowte the kynges fjieriall 
 lomm.iuialeineni. 'I'l' this olfn e, h.is one I'ltius Anas alligx'd, a man of j;reate prowes and a citilcii lA Scj^ouia. 
 lUit when the Jinx iiratours of A///1//1; had ]uibliihed 'ii the eourte iiowe greate a matter it was, and of what 
 moment, many l.dioured ernellly to the kyng. 10 la!-e the otiice owte of his handes. liut the byflhop of J tuples 
 beinge the kinges chiefe chapl.iyne, and one of the eonuniilioners appoynttd by livm in thefe matters, beinge 
 .iduertifed hereof, came iiiiciediatlj- to the k\nge, antl fp.ike to li)m in this elfect. M.iy it pleafe yowre hyghncs 
 10 vndirl'.anil (iiiolle catholyke Prince) that v luras Ftlnis Anas a man of \aliente corage and greate feruicf, 
 lia'.h ofl'cred hyni felfe to ailuenture his lyfe in yowre niaiellies affayre ,, vnder vnceteyue hope of gayne and 
 molle certeyne jierels, yet that notwithllandynge fum other haue ambicioully maliced his felieitie and preferment 
 lal'ouringe for tli|e]oliicc whereto he is elei ted : It ma)e ple.ife yowre gr.ice herein loo to fliewe li)in \owr fauour 
 and permit lisiii to e!.io)e \v> fiyde oII'k e, as yoHie m.iiellie doo knowe hyiii to bee a woorthy anil meete nun 
 ii.iuvn;i in tvme i<al\e had ;;reate experience of his prottelfe and valiantnefl'e, afwell in 1 
 
 prott I 
 
 nnge 
 
 liym felfe as orderinge his fouldiers, as yowr hyghnes may the better confyder if it dial pleafe yowc to caule to 
 remembrance his doinges in the warres of Ajihriia, where he fliewed liym felfe botlie a \\)k Capitayne, and 
 N.ilieiit liitildier. A-^ concerniiiLie his mailers and vfages other wayes, the}' are not Miknowen to yowre inaiellie, 
 
 viiiier whole wynge he hath of .i chyiile b)n browght V|' in the eourte, ami eUer fu 
 
 le faylhfull towarde yowre 
 
 hvRhne'Ve. Wherfore, to declare my ojiinion vmler yowre graces lauour (whom it hath pleafcd to appoynt me a 
 
T/ie firoui/i' Pccdiic. 
 
 \r 
 
 comininioncr in thcfc aftayres) I think it were vngoilly tliat he (liuld lico put from his ofticc at tho fiitc of any 
 other, cfi>cci,illy l)oingc' thereto inoucd l]y aniliition ami coucto'.ifnes: who iierchaunce woold jiroiic ihcni fclius 
 to he the fame men in the odice if they fliiiid ol)tcyne it, ns they nowe fliewe them fehics in the anihitioiis 
 rlefirynsc of the finie. When the hyflhoppe hade fayde thefc woordes, the kynge confMined the eleetion ol 
 I'ttrus Aihis in move ample inaner then helbre: \vyllynnc the bydioppc to appoynt hym a tii<i!iraride and iwoo 
 hiilidretii fouldiers at his tharj^es. 'nakynge hym a warrante to tli[el()iri( ers of his efi heker to delyiier hym 
 money in prclle for the fame pnrpofe. J'ftriu .In'iis therforc beinge thus put in olhce and authoryfed by the 
 kynges letters jiatentes vnder his brode feale, c hofe a greate number of hi^ foiil'liers in the court, and loo departeil 
 Ironic rii//i!'/,i/c/,> abonte the calende.s of ()< toiler in the yeare 151,?: And fa) led fyrfl to Ciuile beiiige a verye 
 ryrhc eitie and well replenyflieil with people; wiure by the kinges niagillrates he ivas fiirnylhed wit!) men and 
 vytayles and other iiei eflaries perteynynge to foo greate a matter. Tor the king hath in this citie erected a 
 houfe feruingc only foi th[ejaflayres of the ( )i ean, to the which al they that goo or toonie from the ncwc landes 
 and llandes, refoite to gyiie acroriip'"s afwell what they cary thylher as what they brynge frum tlienfe, that the 
 kynge may bee truly anfweied of his eullonie of the f)fie ]i,ut bothe of golde an<l other il'\nges as wee haue 
 fayde before. This iioiife, they caule the hmife of the Contractes of ///<//. JW/us .ln,i\ foiinde in Ciuile 
 abouc twoo thoufand yoimge men which made great fiite to gco with hym: lykewyfe 1100 fmall number of 
 couetous owlde men; of the whiehe, many olfered them felues to goo with him of tlieyr owne charges without 
 the kynges llipeiide. Hut lefle the Ihippes fluilde bee pellered willi to gr-Mi 1 niultitude, or lead \yt,i)lcs fludde 
 fayle them, the iibertie of free palfage was rellraynt. It was alfo decreed th;it noo llranger might palVe wiihowt 
 the kynges licence. Wherforc I doo not a lyll'j 'iiaruailc at Aloijiiis Ly'.diimiijlus n Venetian and wryler of the 
 I'ortugales vyages, that he was not a fliamed 1 lyte thus of the Sp,iii)anhs nauig.iiions; wc .vent; we fawe; 
 we ilyd. Wheras he neuor went, nor any Vefi't ,?n fawe. lUit he lloiile ceiteync annot.u ions owte of the three 
 full bookes of my f>rll Decade wrMU" 'o Cardinal .-//iv;///>/^ and AnimMt/iis, fiip])olinge th.it I woolde neiier 
 huie publyflhed the lame. It myght all) h.ippen that he came by the (opie tlierof at the hande of fum 
 anibafadoiirc of Venice. For I haue grai nted the copio to many of them, and was not daungerous to forb)d 
 them to ronmuuiicate the fame to other, ilowe fo euer it bee, this honelle man ALifiUi Citihimujliis {i.-.W'.tX 
 not to ( h.denge vnto hym the frute of an other m.ins laboure. Of the inuentions of the i'r)rtug.iles (whii h furely 
 aie woondcrlull) whether he haue wrUten that \\hi(he he h.ith feene (as he fi\th) or lykewife bere.iiu-d other 
 men of the iuile commend. ilions cftluw tr.iua\lcs, 1 w)ll not iudge, but am content to let hym lyue after his 
 maner. Kmonge the conip.iny o* thele fouldiers, there were none embarked but fuc he .is were licenreil by the 
 kynge, except a fewe It.ilians, ilcnues, who by frenddiippe and fute were admitted for the .\dmir.ils f.ike 
 yoiinge Ci''oiiHf, fonne and he) re to CInilh'f'Iwi us Coloiius the lyrll lynihr of thofe l.mdes JVhiti Aims 
 tlierfore looke diippyng in the i) uer Ji'i/i's (nowe < au'ed CtuitLi/^/iiailr) runn\ ng by the litie of ( 'iuile, .iboute the 
 l)eginnynge of the yearc of Chrille. 1514. Hui iie luofe anker in an euyll lunire. For fuche ,1 tenipelle folowetl 
 diorily after his departure, that it rent in pieces two f his diippcs, and foo tolTeii the other th:U they were 
 inforted to heaue ouer boorde p:irte of tlu'Nr v)t;iyles 10 Ijgliien them .\ll liw h .\s efcaped, f lyled ba< ko 
 .igeyne to the (.urtis of Soayne: where, beinge luwely fiirnylhed and refrklhed, by the kynges ollims, they 
 went forwarde on theyr \i.ige. 'I'he luader pylot nf the goiiernouies IliNj-pe, was ii'/itiiiius I'll/ittiin .1 I'lun mine, 
 the neuie of AmaicHs l'<j/<iilius, who left h)m as it were by difeeiite of inheritance, th[e]e\perieiite of the 
 mariners fa<ullie, and knov\leage of the fea, rarde and < ompalTe. Hut wee were adiiertifeil of Kite l)y rerteyne 
 which r;ime from Ifi/f>iiiii:'i\t, that they hid pilVed the ()i ean with more profperous wjnde. For this niari hatiiii 
 lli)ppe (ommyuge fnnii /liff<a>!i,i/a founde them l.indiiige at (crleyne Hindis iiere there aboiife. liut in the 
 nieane tyine whyl'> • \- importunate caiilers on, Cin/iiUYUs JUilri,^'tviiis and lolhviiu-s CiirJ'iHS, nun fliidious by ;d 
 meancs to gratilic yow . hol)nes, leafed not to juit me in rememberaiu e that they had (me in a rediuv's to depart 
 into Italv an^: taryed onelv to ( .irv wiih hym vnio yowre hol)nes tlufe m) fiyre AVrivVi f altiiowgh iiidily deck"!, 
 le.idc I ., 'Ide bellow mu' he t\ine in \,i)ue, 1 h.iue Irl |i.iiTe in. my ihyngis, .r.d wyll reherfe oueU I'lli h as feellie 
 III ni) judgement multe uoorthye memory, ahhowgh fuinwhit iliiDnUril .is occ.ilioii h.iih feriied. S > it is 
 tlierfore that this JMiiis Alias hath a wyfe named Utiiftihtth if JluhiMi, beinge niefe by the broothcrs lyde to 
 the ni.iri|iies of /A'././/.'/.f, which rendered the ( ilie of Six,>iii(i to I'Vrnando and Ilelifabeth prin< es of .Spa)ne at 
 fu.h l\iiie as the Portugales iiiiiaded the kingdome of Cullle: by reafon «helof they «ere eiicor.iged fyrlle 
 toref>Ue. ,ind then with open w.irre :» alV.iylc .uid e\pulle the I'ortiig.iles for lie greate treluie whii h k)iige 
 llenr) brother to ijueene Ilelifabeth iuulde gathered togyther there. This mar.|ii(i|e wliyle lliee '.)ned, dyd eiier 
 Ihewe a manly and rtoute mynde, bothe in peace and warre, fo that by her counlayi • many, noble thyiiges weie 
 browght to good effecte in Caflile; viito this noble woman, the vNjfe of I'.fms Arias was niefe by her brother;' 
 fyde. Slue folowyng the m.ignanimitie of her aant, pen eaiiiiige lur hiilb.inde nowi; fiimylhyng hym lelfe to 
 depart to the vnknowen 1 oades (< the newe woorMe, ;iiid ihofe laige tractes of lamle and fe.i, I'p.ike thele wordes 
 vnto hym. My mode deare and •elbclouetl hiilbiinde, we owghi not nowe to forget that Irom ovvre yoiinge 
 
 "1 
 
 ..f 
 
 Pclni* Arils 
 l.irn. tv 11.U1IC I 
 Dancn.i. 
 IVtni« AnuK li.ilh 
 A tli'>iiv.in(l .1111! 
 lwt).i huntlrclh 
 men 'i|.|>«tyntcil .it 
 t'lr kynifct 
 i liar^el. 
 
 Ali.'ir.^{nriMi!i! 
 -imNiKitctl lu the 
 atri)rci u( lllUtx 
 
 77 
 
 M.iny pr>'ffr 
 
 tin-Ill lUic. i'l , 
 • tf thi-)f nWllC 
 
 Alnisiii^ 
 C'.t<l.iniiufii» lit 
 rc|ii<.>ut:>l. 
 
 The rt>rt(tgtle« 
 
 Hic n.iiii^.iMon t.r 
 iVini* Ari.i*. 
 
 A ■tiiiiwr.u'ke 
 
 
 \ t)i-i.i)>Ie rxrntple 
 
 Kviii;c lltiitj. 
 
 k 
 
 1!) 
 
 
 iw 
 
 i' 11 
 
 Thew\frMf 
 I *'ftni»Aru4 
 
 i' 1 
 
 ili 
 
bN 
 
 t 
 
 128 
 
 The fecoudc Decade. 
 
 78 
 
 Ihr tliynlc 
 n.iiiiK.itton 'if 
 
 \'i(itfntaijk 
 
 riiiioitiu. 
 
 (ivAi. 
 
 ('Hiititn.i 
 
 Plciiitv or I'vorlv*. 
 
 Thr H.trt>.in.iii« 
 a^^tSlf Kttti* n.i-ri 
 
 The * «e uf guititcv 
 
 79 
 
 rSreal alilinitaiK c 
 
 ..( II .M .ml 
 
 ycarcs \vc hauc liyn ioynwl togyil;cr with the yoke of holy nutrimonic to th[c]intente that wee (huUlc foo lyue 
 in^ylliir .mtl not a fuiulfrdiiryngc the lymc of uwre iiaturall lyfe. Wherefore fur my parte to declare my affci lion 
 lierein, yowe fliall vnderllaiHlc, that whyther fo eiier yowrc fatal deftenye lliail lirytie )owe, eyther by the furious 
 waues of the greate ( )»ean, or by the manyfouldc and horrible diimgers of the lande, I wyil furely iioaru yowe 
 • oompany. There lan no pcrell cluunre to me fo terrible, nor any kynde of death fo (ruell, that flial not bee 
 mueh eafyer for me to ai>)(li-. then to hue fo farre feperate from yowe. It were muchc better for me to dye, and 
 eyther to iiee call into tlie fea to bee deuoured of tlie fyflhes, or on the lande to tlie Caiiiliales, then with 
 continuall mournynge and l..waylinf;e, to lyuc in deatlic and dye lyuin-e, whyle 1 confume in lookyng rather 
 for my hurtxtndcs letters then for hym fclfe. This i.s my full detenninaemn, not ralhely nor prefentely e.\cogiute, 
 nor eonceaued by the lyght phantalie of womans braync. but with longc dehberation and good aduife.nent. 
 Nowc llierfore choofe to whellierof thefe twoo yowe wyll affente : Kyther to thrude yi)wre fwoonle in my throte, 
 or to gr.uinte nie my rei]Uelle. .\> for the chyldren which go<l liath giuen vs as pledges of owr infeperable lone, 
 (for tliey had foure fonnes atul as many dowghters) flial not flay me a moment. Let vs leaue vnto them fuche 
 gooddes and |>offeflionN as haue byn left vs by owre jarentcs and frendes wherby they may lyuc amonge the 
 woordiipful of the) r order. I''or other thynges I tike no care. \N hen this noble matrone of manly vcrtue had 
 fyniflhed thele woordes, her luilb.u.ile feinge the cunilant mynde of his wyfe, and iier in a redynes to doo 
 accordynge to her woordes, had no hart to denye her louingi- petition: but embrafinge her in his amies, lom- 
 mended her intentc and <onfented to her reijueflc. Shee folowed hym therforc as dyd Ipjiaaha \\cx MilhrUitUs 
 with her heare hangi'inge loofe abouie her fliulders. For (hee loucth her hufbande as dyii I/aliainititT<\i of Caria, 
 hers beinge de.ide, ami as dyd Artnnii^,! !ier aMiIuJoIih: We haue alfo had aduertifenient fence their departure 
 tliat (lie (being bro«glu vp .is it were amcjnge foft fethers) hath with no leflTe lloute corage fulleyned the roringes 
 anil rages of the Ocean, then dyd eyther her hulband or any of the niar)ners brought vp euen amonge the 
 fourges of the fea. Hut to haue faydc thus much hereof, this thai futhce. I.et vs nowe fpeake of other thynges 
 no Icfle woorthy memorie. 'Iherforo, where.is in the fyrfle Decade we haue made niencion of riiuriitiiis Aiitifz 
 /'iii:,<iii/<. ye llird vnderll.Mnle that he acftM)m|)anyi-d Ch> tih>f>luirus Colimiu the Admir.dl in his fyrll vyage, am! 
 aftenvarile made .in other \y.ige of his owne charges with niiely one fliyppe. Ageyne, the fyrfle yeare after the 
 dcjiartin^e of the Capitaynes NUticfa and F&^tJa, he ran ouer thofe coatles o( J/itpiuiiolit, and fean lied all the 
 foiilhe fyde of Cubit from the Rdle to the weflc, an<l layleil rownde about that Ilande whiih to that day for the 
 greate Icnj^th thereof, was tlmwglit to haue bin p.irt of tlie <ontineiit or lirnie l.md, allhi)Wi.;h fume other fay 
 that they (l\<! the lyke. [inaittiiis Aiinez therfore. knfjwyng nowi; by experience that O/Ar was an Ilande. fayled 
 on further, and found other l.mdes wellward Iroin Cuba, but fuch as the Admirall had fyrll toiuhed. Wherfore. 
 beinge in nianer enconijiafed with this newe bmle, tiirninge his rourfe towartic the lefte hande, and rafing the 
 coalles ofth.it lande by the K.iil, ouefiKifl'ingc ilfo the inouthes of the goulfes of lUragua. Ihtbit. antl CiuAi- 
 b<ii/i,;i, he arryued it the Region which in the lyrll DecarJe we cauled /'trnii and 0.( Dract'iiis: .\nd entered 
 into the greaie goulfe of frefihc water, whu h Cclcnus difcouered, lifinge replenilhed with great abundance of 
 fyfihe, and fimoiis by reafon of the multittide of I!ande> lyinge in the C«me. beinge ilillant l-'«i(lwarde from Citruvui 
 abotite a hiindreth and thirtie myles, in the whi(h trait are the Regions of Ciimiimt and MiUiiu\if>iiiia. whirhe 
 .illn in till- lyxle booki of the f\rll Decade we fiyde to bee Kegion> of the large proiniice of /'ari.i •- here man\ 
 altirine to bee the gretille plenlie of the belle \iearles. and not in Ciiriiimi. The kinges of thefe t> .,10ns (whom 
 th.ey caul C/ihuvufi. as they of Hifp,miola raiile theym Cadci) beinge 1 ertified of the comminge of owre men. 
 fe.ite rerte/ne fpyes to eiiiiuire what ncwc nation was arryueil in thc)r coartes, what they browght, and what 
 they woolile haue: and in the nie.me tymc fiirn)fihcd a number of iheyr CaiuHH (whiche they caulc Chuhos) 
 with men armed .ifter their maiier. For they '^ere not a I) tie ailonifll.ed to beholde owre Ihipi^s with the faylcs 
 rpreade, wher.is they vfe no fayles, nor can vfe but finaule ons if they wuolde, by reafon of the narownes of iheyr 
 canuas. Swarmynge therfore aboute the fliipiM: with thevr ranoas (which we may well caule Afont>.xyla, byi aiifc 
 they are made of one hole tree.) the) feareil not to fliute at owr men beinge yet within their (hips and kcepinge 
 tlieywi fellies \ ndef the 'lati he-, .is fifely :is )f they had byn defended with llone w.iules. Hut when owre men 
 h.id Iholle of cerieyiie pie< es of ordinance ageuill thc)m they were foo difi omfiteil with the noyfe and fl.iwghtir 
 theruf that they d/i.iic them fclues to (light. Heinge thii-, difpartled, owr men cluled them with the Ihiiiiie bote, 
 tookc many, and flewe many. When the kxii^es hartle the noyfe of the gunnes, and were ci rtyficd of the loOe 
 of ilieir men, they f-.-nt amb.if.idoiirs 10 ///;,.',//// r Ai^fs to rntre.ite of peace, fearinge the fpoyle of theyr goo<!es 
 and dellructioii of tlu)r jieople, if owre men (hulde rooninie alande in iheyr wralhe and fiirye. They ilefyred 
 jicaie therfore, as loiild bee coniccture<l by their fignes and jtoyntinges. For owre men vnderlbiode not one 
 woorde ol' theyr language. And lor the better priwife that tin y dtfired peace, they profented owre men with three 
 thoulai'.d of thofe weights of gold that iheSpanyanlc-s caule CiiJIrZ/nnum Aiirrum, which ihey commonly caule I'ifum. 
 Alfo a greite barell of woodde full of mofte excellente mafculine frankenfence. weighing about two thoufinde 
 and ()xe hundntli puundes weight il'ier eight ounie.i to the iKJiinde: Whereby they knewc that that lamle 
 III 
 
The fccoiidc Decade. 
 
 129 
 
 hrowpht fiirthe grontc picntic of frankenfciue. For there is noo cntcrrotirfe of m.inliaiinilics betwcnc tlifclinlinbi- 
 tanus i)( J'uriii and ihf faln-ans bL-iiigu foo farrc tlillaiUc.wliLTas alio tli(.(y] of /'//■/-• kiiowe nolliMii;!' witliowt'- 
 thcyr i)W 11c coallcs. \\ iih tlu' gohlc and frankcnfcncc \vhi( he ilafy] prcfi-nicil to owrc men, tliey n lue tlicin alfc- a 
 greatc multitude of tlieyr peacockes, Ijoihe ((» kes and iieinii^, deade anil alyiie, afwell to faliffie tiu\r prefeiit 
 nectfiitic, as alfo to cary with theym into Spayne for emrcafe. Lykewyfe eerteyne carpettes, cooucrlettes, tai)le 
 clothes and hanginf;es made of goflampine filkc fynelye wrought after a llraunge diuifc with plefante and variable 
 icilmif., hauing golden belles and fiw he other fpangles and pei\danntes as the li.diins caiile .Vi'/Zi/i, //,'>, and the 
 >pin)ardes Cii/iiiUiAs, hanging at the purlles ihernf, They gaue tlieyin furtlu nnore fpeakinge |]iipingiais of 
 fundry colours as many as they woolde alke. For in J'ariii, there is no lelfe pleniie of poi)ingiais, then with vs 
 of (iooucs or fiKirous. 'i'h[e]inhabitantes of thefu Regions both men and women are appareled with vellures made 
 ofgolTampine cotton, the men t(j the knees, and the women too the calfe of the legge. The faflliion of the) r 
 ap|>arell, is fymple ancl playne mui he like vnto the 'I'urkes. Itiii the men--, is double and quilted like thai 
 whxhe the Turkes vfe in the warres. The |)rin(es o( J'ltn'd, are ruler-, but fur one ye.ire: but their auturitie is noo 
 leffe emonge the (leoplc both in ]>eace and warre, then is thfejautoritie of other kynges in thu'>: Regions. 
 Thejr \illages are buylded in coompalTe, along by the bankes of all that greatc goulfe. Fyue of theyr primes 
 fame to owre men wyth theyr prefentes, whofe namej I thowght worthy to bee put ui thi- hillorie in remembe- 
 rance of foo notable a thinge Uiiiitimiis L'/iiiiiiih\/iii, (that is the prin< e of 0'iiiiittu\/iit, for tluy laide prinies or 
 kinges C/tiaconm) Cliiit,jrus J'inli:^iiaiiiis, C/iiiiamiis CluiiiMtUtl'tt, C/iiiUviius IWumiis, and Ci'iiiicoiius J'i>t/o. '\'\\v 
 goulfe beinge fyrlle founde of the admnall Co/onus, they caule, Jiitia Xiiliuitatis, b)i aufe he entered into the 
 fame in the day of the n.ttiuitie of (Jhrille: Hut at that t)nie he only patted by it withowte anye further feati hing, 
 ami //<//(/ in the SpanyPhe tong, fignitieth a goulte. When / ///fiv///// v iiad thus made a le.i'ue with thefe Princes, 
 folowinge his appoynted courfe, he louiu' • many regions towarde the l!al\, defolate by realijii of diuers lluddes 
 and ouerllowynges of waters; alfo many llandynge pooles in dyiiers places, and thofe of excedynge largenes. 
 He I eafed not to folowe this trarte vntyll he came to the poynie or cape of that molle louge landc. '1 his 
 poynte femethe as though it woolde iiuiade the nionte AlAis in AphrUa. For it profpectethe towarde that i)arte of 
 Aphrike, whi( he the portugales caide t<///^/ Ih'iuc Spi-ninliu-. The pojnie.^ or capes of the mount y///(M-, are 
 rough and faluage nere vnto the fe.i. The cape of Jiomt Speniirii, gatherethe thuiie and foure degrees of the 
 Southe pole, cauled the pole aiUartike: Rut that poynte, onely feuen degrees. 1 luppofe this lande to bee that, 
 «!ii<he I fynde in owlde wryters of Cofmographie to bee cauled the greate Hand Atlantike, wiihowl any further 
 ilvclarinjjc eyiher uf the fyluatwii, or ol the nature therof. 
 
 Sahc.i, \\ .ir(,mrqf 
 111 Ar.it.ic. wIiilK 
 liriiiuclli f'rtli 
 fr.iiikciuuiKc 
 
 f\tri,t. 
 I I'c.icockos wliii h 
 j wve c.iutv I'urkyc 
 
 ciKkcs, 
 
 C.in»cl% .uv\ 
 
 cuiicrlcttcH fyiu-ly 
 
 Mtullttllt, 
 
 I'u|iyngnyel. 
 
 lli|L'|.i|>mrcl|..r 
 (III' Illll.l1>iuill« 
 uf pUI.I 
 
 Kiilrri fur mic 
 ycarc. 
 
 'I'lu' i;rr.itc guulfe 
 uf l'.irLi. 
 
 I 'ill N.i(iiiit.ttis 
 it.,.- ^ret Kuutfc uf 
 I'uru, 
 
 Viiiccntiiu nukcth 
 a Iciituo wittt V. 
 |iriiii.cs. uf l'.iiix 
 
 M..iirii .\il.i^in 
 .tflinke. 
 
 The greai WttA 
 
 aiUiitikc 
 
 € The eight nooKr: oi- Tiib: seconue uecaue 
 0/ the fiippofcii L on tine lite. 
 
 ,|r 
 
 Lilian the king of portugale lyiud which was |indicelToure to hym th.it nowc reigneth, 
 ;:.ire arofe a great miiteiitioii betwene the ( '.illili.ins and Tortugales .is concerningv tlu- 
 dominion of thefe newe founde landes. The I'ortugales, bvcaufe they were the fulle that durll 
 .itieinpte to fearche the ( )ce.iii lea fence the ineiuorie of man, aJlirmeil that all the nauigations 
 I'f the Ocean, owght to perle)ne to theym omly. The Calliliaiis argued on the (ontrarie 
 p.iric. th.it wli.it lb eiier god by the ininillralicui of nature hath i re.ite I on the earth, w.is at 
 ilu- begjnnynge common eniong men; And that it i-, therfore lawfiill to euery ni.iii lo polfefe 
 luchc landes as are voyd of C'hridian inhabitours. Whyle tl'.e matter was thus vncerfeynly debated, bothe 
 [arties agreed that the contrmierfie (luildr liee deierned by the byfrtiope of Rome, and pliL;hled faithe to itaiide 
 to his arbiirinieiite. The kyii-edoiiie of ( .idile was at that tyine gouerned by that great (Jueene Ildijdhth with 
 her hulbande: for the roialine uf Cillile w.i-> her dowerye. Slice alfo and tin k\iige of I'ortiigale, wer>- cofyn 
 gcrnuynes of t«o fyders: by riafoii wherol the diffention was more ealely | .■ iiieil. I!y th|ilaltent tl.etlore of 
 both jurties, Alexander the byflliop fofj Rome, the. vi. ol'that name, by tli[< |.iutorilie of his leaden bull, drewe a 
 right line from the North to the .S.;iitli a luindretli le.Kpu •. wdlwarde withowte the par.ilelUs of thofe llandes 
 whiche are cauled ('(///// /'///./.• or Ciihiiinit; Within thi' comp.de of this lyne (allhowgh foonmie clcnye it ) 
 laukthe the poynte of this I.uk'i' wherofwe haue fpokeu. which they caule dif'ut Si'itHi Au^njiini, otherwyfe 
 faulcd J'tonhiiitoriiiiii SiinHi Air^iiJ/ini, that is, fi\iit AugulUnes (.ipe or poynte. And therfore it is not lawful 1 
 for the Callilians to fallen fooK- in the beginnynge of that lande. I'iiuditius Aiiiuz therfore, departcil from 
 llicnfe, beinge .idiiertifeil of lh|ejinlubitintes, that on the other fyde of the hyghe mounl.ijnei. towarde the j 
 
 l..,i.;. N l»j 
 
 <*.tnlenii.>n 
 
 Ulwfiiu 111.* 
 
 ( .l^tllLlllt 411.1 
 
 1' rliiil.ilri f.,r ttic 
 II. *o I.ilt'lct 
 
 80 
 
 K>)iite iliuiilt't)i 
 the I411U 
 
 •Ic .tile i. tit), til 
 
 A 
 
=1*^ 
 
 130 
 
 1 !ic fccoiii/c Decade. 
 
 I 
 Tlie {{ol'Ten region 
 of ti^iriiba. 
 
 The Hand >X % 
 iohonnes 
 
 ttflht: 11.111 t|s) 
 ni.»!lc hy itu- 
 bysshop ut Kuiuo 
 
 The Canilults 
 the lUmtof 
 S.U1CU Crux. 
 
 81 
 
 Vrubu. 
 
 The ryucr^ ut 
 Vr.ib*. 
 
 South, lyinge before liis t-ycs, tliere was ;i Kf^ioii cauleil Ci<tniki, which hrowfjht foorth greatc plentie of goldc. 
 (Jf certeyne cajitiiies whithc he lookc in tlii; goulfe of yi///!/ (which ccrtciily |)erlc)ncth to the iloniiiiion of 
 t'afliie) l>e lirowj^ht fume with liyin to J/iJf'aiiio/a, and Icfte tiicm with tiie yoimj;e Aiiniirall to krne owre 
 l.mguajje. Ittit he hyni fclfc iti..i)rc(l to the cuiulc to make crncll fiite to the kynge tliat by his fiiioure, he 
 mvi^ht bee j;oucrr.oiir of the Hand of Xuitli l,>luiiiiiis (oihcrwyfc caiilcd Jiuiii/ifiin, l)ein};e dillante from 
 J / ij/ii n iii/it on\:\y. xxv. ieaiiuc--) bMaiifc he was the fytll fyndii of nolde in ll'.at Ibnde. Before I'iiurulius 
 made fute for this ollicc, one Don (Jhrillopher a I'orlunale, the foone of liie rountie of Oiwix/i.:, was gouernoure 
 of the Ilande: whom the Canibales of tiie oihir liandes llewe, witli all tlie Chrillian mei; that were in the fame, 
 exceple tlie bylhop and his fanuliers, which lle<l<le and 111) fled for ihiin fehies, forfak\n^;e the <:hurch and all 
 tlie (irnamentes thereof. Kor yowre holynes halh confccraled fyiie b\ flhoiipcs in thelc ll.mdes at tiie re<|Uell 
 of tile moll caihol)ke kynge. In Su/uli' DominiiV being the tliiele citie of Hijptinu'h, Giirjui </»■ J\uii//a, a 
 regiiler fryer of the order of faynt Fraunces, is b) fllioj). In the towne of Conee|ition, diKtor Pdnis Xiian'Z of 
 Di-zii: And in the Ilande of faynte lolm or /iiiii,/iciit>. Alj't>nfiis Maiifus a licenciate, l)einge bothe oi>f»ruanles 
 of th[i]inllitiuion of fiynt I'eter. The foinih, is fryer liarnarde of J/</l?, a man of noble |urentage, Itorne in 
 ToUdi<, a preacher, and bylilioj) of the Ilande oi Ciil'a. The lU'le is Jo/i,iiiHfs dthJiis, .i lr)er preacher, whont 
 yowre holynes annoynted myniller of Clirill, to teaclie the Chrillian faidie amonge the inhabiuntes <j( Diiriiiui. 
 The Canibales fliall ihortely repent them, and the bludde of owre men Ihalbe reucngeil; And that the fooner, 
 bycaiife that fliortly after they had coinmitted this abhominable II uiglUer of owie men. they came ageyne from 
 llie\r owne Ilande of .V.;//(7,/ C '///.v ((jliierw\ le i aiilcd ,7i ,/i)to the Ilande of .S'i;«<7/ /.'//i7/////y. and flewe a kyiige 
 whiche was a frende tu owre men, and eate liyni and all his famely, vtlerly fiibiiertinj;e his vyll.ige, vppon tliis 
 oc< Mlion that violatinge the lawe of hollage, he had llayne feuen CanibaLs whiche were li'fte with hym by 
 compolition to make certe>ne canoas, bicaufe the ll.ind of Stinfli lolmnnis beareth greater trees and apter for 
 that pnirpole, then doth the Ilande ui Siunli Crux the chicle habitacion of the Canibales. Thefe Canib.des yet 
 rcniaynyii|,'c in the Ilande, ccriciiie of uwre men fijliiig from /////.////I'/i/, ihaimced \p|)on them. The tliynge 
 being vnderlliHle by lli[e]interpreloiires, owre men i|uarelynge with theym and caulynge them to accom|,te for 
 that mifcheiious deede, the) immtdiatly directed iheyr bowes and venemous arrowes ageynll them, and with 
 cruell romitenaiinces threatened them to bee ijuyel, leall it lluilde repent them of the)r cominyng thylher. 
 Owre men fear\nge theyr viiunKnis arrowes (for they were not prepared to fyght) gaiiw tliem fignes of peace. 
 Ueiiig dem.iimiled why they dcllroyed the vyliage, and h here the kynge was with his f.iinelye, they aniwered 
 that they rafed the vyliage and cutte the kynge with his fainelic in peeces and eate them in the reueiige ol theyr 
 feiicn workemcn: Ami that t.iey had made laggotles of theyr bones to c.iry thcim to the wyues and ch)ldren of 
 tiuyr llayne woorkemei), in wytnefl'e llial the b(Ml)es of llic)r hulb.uides and parente^ lay not \nreiienged: and 
 therewith Iheweil the fi^i^ottes of bonus to owre men; who beinge alb)n\nied .it tlie)r fierccne and cnicllic, 
 were enforced to diflimble the matter and houlde the) r j.cac e, (iiiarelyiige noo further with them at that tyine. 
 Thefe and fuche other thynges iloo d.iyly < li.unu e, the wiiich I iloo let palTe leall I fliulde olfendc the eares of 
 )(»vr holynes with fuche bluddy n.irriiions. Thus li.iue wee fulhcienlly digrelVed from the rigions of Hinti^iia 
 and /'/(/A/ liLingc the chiefelle foundations of owre iiur|)ofe. \\'ee w)llnowe therefore entreate fumew hat of 
 the largeius and depthe of the i)uers of I'ntha: .\llb declare bothe wii.il they and tiie landcs wiiichc tluy 
 runne through doo br)nge fuorih. lykewife of tiie greatiies of the lande from the l-lalle to the Weft, and of the 
 biedtli therof from the .Southe to the North, and what theyr opinion and hope is of thynges yet vnknowen in 
 the fame. Wee «>ll liurlore be,:,iuiic at the iicuc names wherwilh the Span)ardes Iiaue named thefe prouiuccs 
 fence tiiey were \niler the dominions of liie CluiiUans. 
 
 €1 The nyntif nooKr. oi' tfif. .sf.condk Dkcadi:, 
 0/ the fiippofed Continent. 
 
 nernKii.i, ranlt-l 
 CastJlli uiinfura, 
 nnd Vr.ilia. 
 Aiidalii/i.i iMUia. 
 8utii c.nile iVrii, 
 Nulla CaHtilia. 
 Hcntjii.i anl 
 Vr.tlt.1, ri;gi->iis of 
 I'ariJ. 
 
 The rrul?riili)c« 
 of Vrnha 
 
 /■/vr;v/*T thcrfore, tlu'y caiiUxl Cttjitl/it --////vv?, lh;it is goldon Caflllo: Ami TrjA/ ihcy named 
 AfiiLtluzia youit, that is. ncwc Aiulalulia. Aiul l\kc as ot'iuany llamles wliiili tlu-y fiilxlucd, 
 thoy c hoofc HiJfHxnioht lor the cliicfc place of tlwyr haliitacion, foo in the large trac t of /'ar/i/, 
 hey appointed ihcyr * olonie or bydyng place in the twoo regions Vraba and lu-nv^ua, that 
 dl fiu lie as alteni|)te any v)agcs in llu»fe coalles, niay refoite to them as to fafe porles to bee 
 rcfKn.Ltl whfM ihey are wery ordr)urM tu nertHUie. All owre fee^les, and pUntes, do nnwc 
 nianuloully enereafe in iuU'a, l.ykewyfe blades, feltes, llippes, grartes, fugcr canes, and 
 
I'lic fccomk Decade, 
 
 131 
 
 fuche other as arc l^rouglit from other places to tliofe rq;ions, as alfo bcadcs and fuiiles as vvc haue faytlc lieforc. 
 () niaruclous fnitcfuhics. Twcntie ilaycs aftiT tho fccdc is fowiic, tlicy gather rype cuiuiikts, and fuch lyko, 
 !Uit colworlcs, l)ectis, Ixtufe, I'.orage arc r)|)c vsitliiii the (pice of ten dayes. Connies, mclones, and poin- 
 poiies, withiu tlic f])acc of. xwiii. d.iyes. Dtii 101,1 halhc many iiatiuc trees and fnites of dyiiers kymles with 
 Inndry tafles, and Imlfome fur ihi- vfe cif nun ; of thi which 1 ii.iue lh()«j.'hl it j^dimI to diH rvhc 1 i-ricync of the 
 I'cll. 'I'liey nooryUhe a tree «hii h tiicy canic ii'u,ii,iiia, thai bcarclh a Inite nun h rclciniil)ngc tlie kynde of 
 (iiionswhi<h arc commonly caiilcd limones, of l.i(lc funiwhat (liarjic myxt with fwetcnes. They haiie alfo 
 ahunilanrc of mutes of p\nvlrecs, and great i)lentie .)f date trees, v.liichc hcarc frntcs li\>;<er then the diics 
 that are knoweii to \s: Imt they arc not ajilc to bee eaten lor theyr to nun h fowirius. U'yiilr and haren dale 
 trees, growc nf them feliio in fiiiKlry pl;u es, the hnuu lies \\i'cnif du-i vfe for hiefonunes, an<l cate alfo the 
 Imddes of the lame. Cliianimnut, being higher and loKo'-'' '''*'! ''■>-' orange tree, liringelh Uirtii a great fiiitc 
 as byggc as jiomc citrons. 
 
 'I'her is an other tree mm h lykc to a ( luflniit tree whofc frntc is lyke \.n the bygger furt of fjgv, l.einge 
 holfonie and of plefant talle. Miwa'i, is an utlier tree that l)nnget!i foorth.; fnite as bygge as an orange, in 
 talle noth)nge inlcrioiire to the belle kynde- of inclcm-.. Gii,iihiiiii/,i. licarcth a fnito leli'e ihen any of the 
 other, but of fweete faiioure lyke fpice, and of delectable t.ifte. //.'//('j, is an other tree whole friile bothe in 
 Ihape ami talle, is much lyke to jirune:., but fiiinwhat bygger. ''hey are liirely iR>rfuaded that this is the 
 Myivbaltinc tree. Thefe growe foo abund.mt.ly mi lltfl>,viu'ht, (hat the hog^cs .irc fedde with tlu fnitc therof 
 as with malic .inionge vs. The hogges lyke this kynde i;f fe.iduige foo we!!, tn.it when thefe iVntes w.i\ r)pe, 
 liie fwyneherdes lan by no meanes kecpe them owte of the wooddes of thefe trees ■ by rcafon wherol", a grcatc 
 nuillytude of tliein are becoome wyMe. They alfo aliinnc, that in Jfl'p,niii)/,i, fwynes llefihe is of much better 
 talle and more holfome then mult<jn. I'or it is not to bee doiib'cd, but that dyMcrx kyndes ofniealcs do 
 engender fundry t.illes and i|ualities in Ou he as ;ire noryHic 1 iherwitii. The mollc ])iiill",i"nte prii. -e F,r,/i 
 ihiiiiliis, decl.ired th.U he had eaten of an other frute browglit from tliofe hndes, beinge full of fc.dcs with ke\es 
 nuich lyke a pine apple in forme and coloure, but in tenderiies eipial to melopepones, and in t;ifle excelling .ill 
 ganlen frutes. For it is noo tre, but ;>n herbe much lyke vnto an archichoke, or /1(\int/ii>. The kynge hy;n 
 lelle. gaiie the checfell nnnmendation to this. 1 haue eaten none of thefe frutes. For of .1 grcii lunubcr 
 wiiich they browglu fnun thenfe, onl) one rcir..iytie<l vncorrupted. the other being piarilicd liy rcalou uf the 
 longe vyagc. .Ml ftu he as haue eaten of thcMi; ncwcly gathered "i theyr naiyue foyk. doo snarueloully com- 
 mende theyr fwetcnes and picafaunt ta:lc. They dygge alfo owte of the ground certeyne roote. growynge of 
 lluim fellies, whiche they .aule /i,/,i/ii\ much lyke \nto the nauie roote. of Mylayne, or the greate piiffes or 
 niiilheroms of the earth. I [owe foo mi they be ■ drclVed, e;llier fr)eil i>r lodil>', the) gyiu' |>l.i<e to noo An h 
 kynde of incite in pleafaiit teiidcrnes. 'I'lu- ikyn is himwhu towgher tlun eulii t o| nauiirs or iniifllieroins, and 
 uf earthy coloure: lint the inner n)e:ite therof, is verye wiiyte. Tlufc are nooi} '"lied i.i g.inlciis. as we f.iyde 
 of///C(Vi in the fyrlle Decade. 'I'hey are alfo eaten rawe, and h.nie the t.ille of rawe cheftnuttes, Imt .irc 
 fiimwhat fwecler. Wee haue fpoken fulVicientlv of trees, herbes, and Iriiles. We wyll nowe therefore ciureaie 
 of thynges (cm itiiie. The l.uindcs and dclolate pallur.s of t'lefe regions, are inhaMied .ind deuoured of wild 
 and terrible be.ifles, as l.ions, Tygers, and fuch other monllers .as we nowe knowe, and haae byn defcrybed of 
 owlde autt)iires in tyme pall. Hut there is efpecially one boll engendered her'-, in which nature hath 
 endeuoiircd to fliewe her cunnyng. This beafle is as bygge as an oxe, armed with a longe fnoiite lyke an 
 l''.le|ih,int, and ye', no I'.leiihant. Of the colour of .111 i.xc and yet noo oxe. With the lioiiie of i horfc, anil 
 yet noo horfe. With e.ires alio much l\ke vnto an I'.leph.mt. I>iit not foo open nor foo much h.mgyng downe: 
 yet much wyder then the cares of any oilier bcalle. Of the beall which bearcth her whelpes about «itii her in 
 her feconde belly as in a purfe (beinge knowen to none of the owlde vvryters) I liaiic fpoken in ihc fyrll Decade 
 which I double not to h.iue < oonie to the h.iniles of yowre hol\nes. Let vs nnwc thcrfore decl.ire what relleth 
 of the lliiddcs and ryiiers of I'lii'ut. T!ic ryiier of Dtiri'i-fiii fiiilelh iiuo the giulfe of I'/iihi with a narowe 
 ch.mel, fc.irlly able to be.ire the i ,inoas or lyghters of that proiiince, and runneth by the v)ll igc where they 
 
 it the rv'ucr in the corner 
 
 ellynge place. 
 
 ' goulfu 
 
 ;iy. 
 
 |KIII 
 
 y. 
 
 they foind to bee. xviiii. fiirlongcs in bredtli (whiih they c.iiile .1 league) and of ev( c.idynge dcpthc, as of twoo 
 luindrcth < ubettes, t.uilynge into the goulle by dyuers nioiithcs. They l.i\ tiiat tin- rMier f.iulcth into the goiilfe 
 of /'/ii/'i/, lyke as the ryuer ^/(/- (otherwii'e celled DiiniiHus, mh\ Danowe) fniUili into the fe.i I'oiitike, and 
 Xilus into the lea of Kgypte; wherfore the\ named it C'niiit/is, that is great; wim he .ill'o they allirme to n(«)ryfl»e 
 irany anil great Cro<;otlyles as the owld wryters tellifie of jVi/us, anil efjiecially as I haue lerned by cxixrriemc, 
 haiiinge fayleil vp and dowiu- the ryucr of .\'////i when I was fellt anibafadoiuc to the Sold.ine of .\Icayr at the 
 conunaundenient ol tlie moilc . .ulioKke Kynge. Wli.ii I may thcrfore g.illwr owie of the rtrytM^t^s uf fo m.my 
 lertiol amours as concerninge the ryiier of .V7///.V, 1 knowe not. I'or they l.i) th.U n.iiure h.ith gyiieii tv\o 
 rtttcrs of that name to w.iter the Linde, whether they hvII them to fprynge owte of the inount.iynes of the moone 
 
 TIic frutcfulne« of 
 I >.iricn.t. 
 
 1 1\ iicr« hol«i)rnv 
 lriitc% uf Ui-'i^. 
 
 tilHli.lK.I, 
 
 I'kk Irces. 
 
 I lihiintu.tiiit 
 
 MttlHfit. 
 
 Cittin'titiiiii. 
 
 .t/(Vi*AiAi«/. 
 lli'ifccs ft-a with 
 mirulMlanct 
 Swyne* flci.*hc uf 
 bctlcr IA1I nntl 
 ninrc hoUuni then 
 mulU- 
 
 82 
 
 Knili- . pulrirycil 
 
 I.Uti» and 'I ytjL'T^ 
 
 I In; ryucrs uf 
 
 Vr..l..,. 
 
 "I Ite ryiii-i ')f 
 n.inen f-ml'ih 
 itil'i the Kntilfc- "f 
 
 A Icugtic U 
 furlungck 
 
 tJnintli* »% \\\ > 
 
 j Air.Hmllltrtn 
 rtiiu)) lykt? til 
 
 i ciM*', hut •'( 
 ■;>i< olyrtK Itiunr^ 
 
 i Ihc ^lulMitrn of 
 itiii luiukc wot in 
 
 , 
 
 i% 
 
 \ 
 
 1i 
 
 fiii 
 I J 
 
1 
 
 133 
 
 The fccoinic Dcanic. 
 
 The nnet Nilw 
 
 M.'fttrt L»K^ 
 
 Wit Pr>rtiieaWt 
 
 The ryttrff Snwn 
 
 annfh«-f i.h4fui<(| 
 i>( \\k r«uer %A 
 
 Ihc thvrUr twi 
 
 81 
 
 I hi- rvilrl 
 %)tf«iki;t: i»*.l -i the 
 
 CncoAWrx 
 enKcp-trc'l '»• 
 
 lh:«y<l.' \ilui in 
 IV|«n(a)rc«. 
 
 ruiiccmiii^ 
 «|>ni)|{r« jn<l 
 
 Tlii: Uullh ui 
 the i imtf M 
 Vr.ils», lli-m Ihc 
 N'>fth iV«i.asi w 
 the :)ua4lk MX 
 
 A rv^iT ' 
 
 
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 . n. t.4c 
 
 or the foonne, or owtc of tic loi'pes of the rowyh mount:iincs of /'////<'//</: Affimiing one of the fimc to faiilc 
 into the goiiife of Kjiypte loward tlic Northc, anil the other into the S<iiith On.in fca. Wli.it fli.nll wti- fn)e in 
 this ptarc? < tf that jYi/us in Kn) |itL', there is noo tloiilite. I he rortiii;ales alio whithe fayle liy the coaftes of 
 the Kthiojiians cauloti Xii^ritir, and l>y the kyn};e<lonic ni M,/iiiifti iwfTinge vnilcr the E<iuinoctiall lyne, ainonge 
 tbcyr manu-loiis inuentions luiue finindr an olher towanle the .South, ami ernrlUy aflinne the fame to J>ee alfo 
 '.leriuctl from the nionnta\ni> of llie numne: AikI that it is a;i other dianell <>i Xiliis. Iiyraiife it lir>nf.'eth foorth 
 (.rocotlylt-«. whereas it hatlie not liyn reatle l>iforetyine that any other rjiier iiiH>r)fllinl froriMlylcs faninj;e 
 oncly .S'lliii. This tyner, the rorlii;;ales <aiile SiHiXiI. It rnnneth throw^h the Kepon of the .A'vr/AM, ln-inge 
 \ery frutf-full towanle the north lliurc- liul on the fouthe f)tle fandie ami rowj;!ie. Crococlile> arc alfo enj;enilreil 
 lierein. What Hull wee then lay of this thynle; ye I may wel fay tile fourth. I'or I fn|i|"ife tliem alfo to Inre 
 Croro'liics which ('./''///i witli his < ooin^iny f"un<le armed with fc iles as harde as flielle-. in th«- ryiier eauled 
 /Wi/v«ir/.'i wher ij'ttee liaiie ni.ule mention lietore. Shall wee fiy that tliel'e r)iien. alfo of /)c///<// and I'nihi, 
 h-iiie th^.-yt originall fronie the moimtayr>v-s of the mi>one, wheras they fprynne owte of the nexte niounlayni-s, 
 and ran by noo mianes haiie the fame origiiiall with Xi/ii.t in l-^ypte, or that in Xi;tifit, or els that in the 
 k)nj;etloinc of Mrlin.it!, from wheiife foo eiier they are deryiied. Whereas tliefe other (as we liaiie faxle) fprinye 
 oJTl of the next nioiintaines « hii he deiiyde an other fouthe fea with noo greate d'llaunre from the North ( >cean. 
 Wherfore it a|>|Kv>reth li/ exiicrience of fii< h as liaiie tnuayh-d the worlile in owre time, that other waters Inrfyde 
 the ry-jcr of Xi/us in Kjjyjite. maye lykev*yfe lirynjie foorth Croiodiles. In the maryflhes alfo . nd fenms of the 
 Ki%;io'>s o( /hirti-riii, are foiinde create pleiuie of I'hefauntes ami |icai<Mkes, (Imt not of variahle (oloiirex) with 
 many other kymles of hyrdi.s and loules \iil)ke mho owres, as well a]ite to hie eaten, as alfo to delite the lares 
 of mrnnc with I'leal'aunt noyfc. Hut owre S|>;inyardes, |im aufe they a-e iniioi.nu in fonl)nne, take i>ut fe«c. 
 Alfo irnvmeraMe jK^iiinj^ayes of fiindr) kimiex arc found diatterin); in the i;roucs of thofe fenny |ilaces. Of 
 thefe there are fume t'luall fo Capons in IrVjiK'enes, and fume as lyttle as fjurowcs. l!ut of the <liuerfitiv of 
 |x>|'in};i)«s. wc hiue fjxiken I'lfi'i ieiitely in the f)rll I)iiade. I'or in the rafe of this Urge lande. CWrnuj h)in 
 fclfe hrowyht and fent to tlie r^urte a greale iiiimlier of euery k)nde, llie whu h it was lawfiill for all the |>i-ople 
 U' l*-holde, ami are yet da)ly lifonght in lyke nuner. 'I here remayneth yet one thynge molU- woorthy to bee 
 put in hylloryc: The whi< h I had rather to haue thauneeil into the luimles of t';Wr«> or /.iiiif, then into niync. 
 For the ihyngi is foo ni.nueylous in iry eiliination, that I fymle my wytte more entangeletl in the defi ription 
 hereof, then is Cijde of the heiiiie when ihee (eeth her you i;;e ihekyn in» rapped in towe or llaxe. 'Ihe breadth 
 of that lande from the North Ocean to il.o fouih fea is only fyxe dayes ioimiey by relation of th[e]inhabilantes. 
 The muhitmie therfore and greaines of the ryuers on the one fide and on the other fyde the narowenes. of the 
 L>nde, brynge me into fmhe douliie howe it ran roome to palVe, that in foo little a fivice of three <Liyes iourney. 
 nieafuryn^e from the hygh to|i|ies of thof. mountayiuv. I doo not vnderllainle howe foo many and foo great ryuers. 
 may haue rcxnirfe into this north (i.\. tor >t is to bee thought that as man) dtH> llowe towarde th[e]inh.diiljntes 
 of the fuuthe. Thefe rjtiers of //./A» .ire but fmaule, in romparifon of many other in thofe toalles. l-'or the 
 S|>jinyanles Ciy, tlut in the lyine of Cofimiis, they fo"nde and p.ifrol by an other r)ucr after this, whofe goulfe 
 faulyn^e into »K. ff.i, they altirme to bee lyttle lelfe then a hiimlrelh m\K -, in the fyrlle nvilles of /'.»r/,r, as wee 
 h !ie lajde iN where. For ti.ey f.i\e th.it it f.iiileth Iroin the toppes ol ii\i;he iiiountaynes with foo fwyfte and 
 liirious a loiirfe, that l>) the \iolenee .iinl gre.itnes llierof, it dr)iieth ba( ke the fea althowgh it l>ee rowghe and 
 cnibrceil with a contrary wynde. I'hey all alfinne lykewyfe, that in all the large tratte therof. they kh noo 
 (uwcr or falie water, ^hii th.ii all the w.iter was freflhe. fweete, and apte to bee dronke. '1 h[e)inhabiuntes raofe 
 this rjtier .l/jra/vinwww : And the regions adi.x eiit to the f.iiiie. M,u uflamhtl, t\fmiimx>rti<. .iml l\iri(orm, 
 Ik-fydc th)fe rj Iters whidie I liaiu named In. fore, as l\irien, CninJii, l>,i/;tihi, /It-nii^a, Stin,7i Shtthei, lioiui 
 );jtti, />,'/./i,-."A'/, and dn'xt, they whiih of late h.iue fearrhed thole «oalUs, hauc founde many other. 
 |)elib«nitini:e therefore with nty fi-Jfe, from whenfe thefe woiintaynes beinge foo narowe and ncrc vnto the fea on 
 l>o(hc f>dcs, ha fii. h great holowe raues or deiiiies of f«< h* : .ii>.ii itie, and from wh'-nfe they .ire fylUd to tail 
 foorth fin h .dHii-.K-inre of w.iter, hereof .i I fo iik>iige them the opinioiis of the iiihabitanUN, t!iey .ilfirme them to 
 l>ce 'HtUiiers iudgemeiites herein .MIe.igvngi ijril the greatne* of the inountaynes to Inre the caufe, wliii he 
 thcj lay to N«c very hygh. whh K ihynge alio Co/i'iius the firil fynder therof .ithrmeth to lice tr.we ; Adding there 
 \mo that rhc Paradiie of pk-afctx- is in tiie toi-iK-s of thofe nioimtaines whuhe .ip|>eare from the gmilfc of 1\um 
 .\\v\ Of rh-ih ". |ierfii.iiled IVy .igrei- therfore th.it ther< is grcate i.nies within thefe 
 
 .. -i! : ■•' - >der fr'Hn wheitle lhe\ an fjlled. If therefore all the ryuer^ .if I'icfihe waters 
 
 by ti •« Of MMtu', do too rtiiwv M»u ' f tlic k 1 ai dr>iien and (om|>elled throwghe the |>.ii1a|;'.-s or |M)res 
 
 i4 th. v.i... . > the poadcrous wcygin <•! tin lea It felle, ,is wee fee- lliem breake f'lrth i»f the f|>r)nges and dire< tc 
 their tamie to the l«a au-e^He. thei» »he rt»ynge is le*- to lit^ nunie)led it here then m other pLuc-s. For wee 
 ' v tW'ii) fileh teas haue eniiiriilinl .in\ Unde with f<j<j narowe l}mittes. 
 
 }':• I IHe.in where the loniie gix'tn Jownc uu the lefte liaivle And an othtr 
 
1 
 
 The fecomie Dccmk. 
 
 on the other fyde where the fonnc ryfiili, nothynfie inferiourc to the fj-rrt in grcatcncs, for they fuppofc it to bee 
 my\te aiul ioynttl as .ill one with the fi.i of Kail India. 
 
 'I his lamle tlierefore ln-in^; luinli-ncil with fo gnat a weiglit on the one fxili' and on the olhrr (yf this 
 opinion l>ee of anyc vahie) is enforcetl to fwalowe vp fm h deiioiircd waters, ami aj^eyne to call luortli tlie fanio 
 in o|»en fpringes and llreaincs. Itut if wee lliali denye that the earth draweth huinours of the fea, and ayree 
 that all f(«inta\nes or fprynj;es are ennenderid of the < oniierfion or tiiniyn^je of ayer into water dilliliini; within 
 the holowe plates of the inontaynes (as the moll |urt thinke) we wyil ^viie |ilaie rather to tlilelaiitifitie of 
 them wliit he llyc ke to thole reafons, tiien that owre fenfe is fatilfyed of the full truth therof Vet doo I not 
 repiigne t!iat in fume taues of mountaynes, water is turned into ayer. For I my feife haue feeiie, liowe in the 
 raues of nunyc mountaynes in S|uyne, in nianer Ihowers of rayne tloo faule continually: And that he water 
 gathered by this nieanes, doth fend fiirtii lerteyne tyuers by the fydes of the mountaynes, wherwith .il futiie 
 trees as are planted on the lliepe oi loote of the mountaynes, as vines, ( )liue trees, and fin he other, are watered. 
 .\nd this ef|>e'( iallj in one plue: As tiie r\glu honorable l.txlouike the t'artlinall of .Vragoiiie molle oi>fe(|uious 
 ii) yowre holynes, and twoo other bylhupjies of Italy, wherof the one is Si/uius J'iiiii/,>iiiis, and the other an 
 Archebyflhop (wliofe name and tytle I doo not remember) can beare me wytnes. For when wee were togylher 
 at Gritmtfa, lately delyuereil fnnii the dominion of the Mi>ores, and w.ilked for owre pallymo to txrteine 
 |ile.ifaunte hylles (by the whiclie there ranne a fayre ryuer) Whyle C'anlinall I.odoiiike o<eu|)ieil hyiii felfe in 
 Ihutynge at byrdes wlii< he were in the bulhes nere vnto the ryuer, I and the other twoo b\fthops determined to 
 dime the mountaynes to fearche th[e]origin.ill and fpringe of the ryuer: for wee were not farre from the lojiiies 
 thereof Folowynge therefore the icjurfe of the ryuer, wee foiinde a greate caue in which was a coiitinuail faule 
 of water as it lud byn a Ili<nire of rayne: tlie water wherof, fauiyng into a trem lie in.ule with mans hand, 
 enireafeth to a ryuer, and runneth downe by the fydes of the niount.iynes. The lyke is alio feene in this 
 famous towne of I'lilAuhMo (where we nowe fuiorne) in a certeyne grcene ilofi-, not part a furlonge dillant from 
 the waules of the towne. I graunte therfore that in certeyne places by tonuerfion of the ayrie dewe into water 
 within the caues of fu< he mount.iynes. niaii\ fprynges and ryuers are 'jiigendretl. Itut I fiippofe that nature was 
 not follicit.ile to brynge furtlie fiu he greale thuls by this fo fmaule indullry. Twoo reafons therfore. do found 
 klle to my iudgement: whereof the one is, the often laule of rayne: I he other, the < oiitiiuiall .lutumne or 
 fpryngc tynic whi«h is in thofe regions beinge foo nere vnto the Fi|uino<'tial that the connnon people <an 
 pen e.iue no iliffereni e betwene the length of the day and the night throw-h owt al the yeare whereas thefe two 
 lealoiis are more apie to engemler abund.ince of rayne then eyther extreme w)nler or feruent fuinmer An 
 <ilher reafon in effect much l>ke vnto the fyrll, is this If the k%x bee full of i>ores, and tli.it by the pons ihemf 
 Uiiige o(>ened by the .Southe windes, wee ihal toiifent that vapours .ire lyfted vp wherof the watery cloudes are 
 eiigemlred, this lande mud nee<les lue moylled with moo Ihoures then anye other, yf it bee as narowe as they 
 Liyc, .ind cniiironed with twoo mayne feas collater.illy l>eatinge «)n the Lime. Howe fo etier it be. I (an not 
 but gyue credit to the report of luch worthy men as hiue recourfe to thofe regions: And can noo lell'e then 
 declare the time albeit it may feenie incredible to fume ignorant |>erfons not knowvnge the i>oiire of nature to 
 whonie ITnie woi perfiiaded thai nothynge w.is im|K)llible. W<e haue therfore thought it gootl io make this 
 difcourfe by the way of nrgunient. UmII on the one fyile. men of ^.ood lernyng and iudgenient, and on the other 
 fyde, fuche as .ire lludious to l\n<le o( cifioiis of iiiiarel>nge in other mens wrytjives, thnlde iudge \s to bee fo 
 ^ndefcreete Ivghtly to gyue i reditie to euery tale not beinge <onfonant to reafon. IJut of the force and greate 
 violence of thofe frefihe w. iters, which repullinge the fea make Io greate a goulle (a:> wee liaue f.iyde) I thinke the 
 caufe thenif to bee the greate multitude of lliuldes and ryuers, whiche iR-inge gatheretl togither. make fo great a 
 |x)o'.e; .iiid Hot one rjuer .is they fiippoii .Vnd for as mtidie as the mountaynes .ire excedynge hyghe and 
 lliejie, I thinke the violence of the laule of the w. iters to be of fu« h fore, that this i..ntlii te bel«ene the waters, 
 is caufe«l by ili[e jimpullion of the poole lh.it the (alte water can not enter into the goulfe. Hut here pt'rhappes 
 fume wvll manieyle at me why 1 fliuUie manieyle foo muche hereat, f|>eakyng. x nto me ft ornefully after this maiu r 
 Why dolhe he fot) nunieyle at the gre.ite ryuers of thefe Regions? Halhe not Italye his Eruianiis, namal the 
 kynge of ryuers e>f the owlde wry ters .' Jl.iue not other regions alf'i the lyke? .i-> wee reetle of l\inaii, (i',ini;is, 
 and Ditmihais. whiih arc fa>de foo to ouenoome the fea, that freihe water m.iy be dniwne fortie imles within 
 the time. Thek menne I wi>olde fatiihe with this anfwere. The timous ryuer of /'<fi/«f, in Italye (whithe 
 they nowe caiilc I\>, and was of the Cireekes cauled lCn,l,inui) luth the greate mountaync^s caulud A/fifs 
 diuidinge Fraunce. Ciemianie, and I'annonie from Italye. lyinge at the Uicke therof .is it were bulwarges full 
 of moylUire: .Vinl with a longe tracte receauinge 7'hiniim wiih innunietiMe other great ryuers, fiuleth into the 
 fea Adrutike. The lyke is alio to bee viiderllode of the other. Hut (lu le ryuers (.is owre men were cnformed 
 by the kynges. taul into the ()< can fea with larger anl fuller i lunels nere han»l. .\nd fume there are which 
 affirmr this bnde to Ikh; very large in other places ahhowgh it iK-e but narowe here. There comnieth alfo to 
 my reaembrame an other caufe: the whiche ;ilthowgh it lice of no greate force, yet doo I entende to wryte it. 
 
 .\ J Mi 
 
 ^33 
 
 84 
 
 4ycr inii> w.ticr iii 
 ihc r.iii*-*. iif 
 iiimui>U> ne«> 
 
 Shnwrr^ of rjync 
 in the caue« uf 
 muiiUync« 
 
 n.cMficnr.i.r 
 
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 < iiitiniMll »pryiitiv 
 I nine. 
 
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 V>>lliine(r 
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 83 
 
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 h 
 
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 134 
 
 Theryoer 
 
 A rf/km.t 
 
 I ongc f .»tic* 
 the muuau\n 
 
 7V/1' fcconih' DcKiife. 
 
 Pcrhappcs therfore the Icngtii of the l.iinlc rcachyng far from the Eafte to the wcftc. if it bee narowe, may bee 
 a hcli>e hereunto. For as wee readc that the ryuer Alfhtus puflethe tliroagh the holowe places vniler the fea 
 from the citie cX litis in I'difoncfo, am! lireaketh foorlh at the fouiitayne or fpryngc Arrthuja in the Hand of 
 Shilui. fo is it ]x)flil)le that thefe m>>\intaynes may h.uie fui he lunge raiics |K-rte\Tiynge vnto theini, that they 
 iiuy l>c the reie|>tacles of the water p.iHiiv^ throiii;li llie l.indes beinjje farre dilUnte: And that the fame waters 
 lommynge l>y foo lonjje a iraite, ni.iy in tlie way bee greately en< reafetl by the conuerfion of aver into water, 
 as wee haue fayde. Thus inuchc haue I fpoken freely, jK-miittinge bothe to them whiche doo frendely 
 enteqirete other mens dninnes. and aifo to the nialitious frorners. to take the thynge euen as them lyllcth. 
 For hetherto I can make no I'lirthcr di( iaratioii liereof. Itiil when the tnith fhall)c iKrittr know en. I w)l do my 
 dilii:enie to ciminiit the fame to wryiinn. N'owe tlierefore. Inrafiniuhe as we haue f^token thus muihe of the 
 breadth of this Luul, we eniend to deli ribc the length and forme of the {xn\c. 
 
 C TiiK ti:n 111 iu)()Ki-. or tiik .^ixonde 
 Of the fiippofcd Lout incut. 
 
 D 
 
 KCADE, 
 
 w 
 
 1 htr letlittti .ftlMl 
 foniic «if the lUlteLj 
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 t<.-\.lc thai (wil I 
 **hiihc Ihc I 
 
 |k ,«cM«r. Iu!\ ; 
 I-. II) Icnifth . 
 thousand -III 1 t« 
 tiujnitrclh mv i«^ 
 ami 111 t^rc.i'itH 
 fimrc humiicth 
 .iml Irn. 
 
 C^Mes of the I 
 
 The canlc of 
 AmcriciM 
 
 Thcr.ui>: .( 
 
 Culunu^ 
 
 llic rielt I 
 IlitMHtttt Jc U , 
 
 LuM*. 
 
 86 
 
 I lit carUc of 
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 iitca.urutjt thv 
 lunltu. 
 
 [..•ke cl«t;j-l'. I. 
 Iiljcr. 111. 
 lilt WaA of 
 Cabouenic 
 
 Mantfnamitm 
 
 f^-r.f^Mil. 
 
 lH.it lande reaihelli foortli into the fea euen as doth Italy, ahhowjih rot like the legpe of :i man 
 .is il iloth. I!ut I nowe <i)in|ure a l'i>jnu-..n or 1 iln irf.- i<> 1 t'i'nt. For th.;t ;'>rt therof 
 »\hi«h the .Spaniardes haue oiler rtinne from the fayde Fjfte |»oyni which reaclielh towarde 
 ilu fea .Vli.intike (llie enile not beinge yet founde tow.irdc the Welle) is more then eyght 
 iMiies loiimr llieii Il.ilxe. And by what reafon I am moued to (ay eyght tymes, yowre 
 liolynes lli.ill viiiKrIlande. F'rom the tyme therefore that I fyrtle detenninetl to obiye their 
 reiiuelles who w)lltd me fyrfle in yowre name to wrjte thefe thynges in the laten tonge, I 
 dyd my cndeuoure tli.il all ihinges niyglit < (loiiie fourth w ith dewe tryall and exjierience. U'heni|>on I reiuyred 
 to the byllu)ii|ie of /li/txii beinge ihe 1 liii (e refuge of llli^ nauig.ilion. .\s wee were therfore fecretly toj;yther in 
 one chamber. We h.id many inllrunuiiit •< inrUMiynge lo thefe aifayres as glolH.-s and m.inye of thofe mapjies 
 whi<h are commonly rattled the fliiiimans cardes, or cariles of the fe.i. • >f the which, one was drawen by the 
 IVrtugale.s, wherunto .-/«.•<■//. v/j Vffpiiiiiis is f.iyde to haue jnit to his hande, beinge a nun mode exjierte in this 
 faciihie and a MoR-ntyne borne: who .i!fo vnder the llipende of the rortiigales, hadde f.iyletl towanle ihe fouth 
 |iole nuii) dcjjreo licMHid the l'!(|iiiil(« tiall. In llli^> i.irde we foumle the fyrll front of this land to bee brooder 
 then the kyiiges of //iiA; h.iil iierdi.ide.l owre men ol tlieyr mount. lyneu. To aa other, Colonus the .Vdmir.il 
 whyle he yet lyutd and fean hed thofe places h.id gyuen the beginnynge with his ownc handes: Wherunto 
 li,iitfi,i\ntfus CoUmiis his brollier .iiid I.ieiieUnauni h.id .uMid hi>, iudgement. for he alfo. had failed aboutc 
 thofe co,iiU-s. Of the Sp.iiiN.inlcs lyke«)le. as many as ihoiiglit them felues to luue any knowleage what 
 l>erteyne<l to nu.ifure the l.inde .ind tiie fii, drewe certe)ne c.irde^ in |>.ir>heiiunt as oiuernyng thefe n.iuiga 
 lions. t»f all other, they moll elleeme them whiih loluinihs de la Colht tlie coomjanion oi K'j^cJit (whom wee 
 fa)de to Ikx- Hiyne of the people of CiViimttiri in the h.iuen C</r///ii:;('.) and an other exiK-rt pylot cauled 
 .I'li/iYuj Mi'mfii, hail fet foorlh. .Viid this .ifwill for the create experience which they l*othe hadde (to whom 
 thefe tractes were as wil knowen .1-. the chaiiibers of tlie\r owtie houfes) a> alfo tlut they were thought to bee 
 I unninger in that jkirte of C'ofniogr.i|iliie whii h te.ii heth the lUfcription and meafuringe of the fea. Conferringe 
 therefore all thefe cardis log) tiler, in eiiery of the whiche w.is drawen a l)ne exprefjinge. not the inyles, but 
 leaguc-s after the ntaiier of the .Spanyaides, we tooke owre < omjufes and bt-ganne to meafare the fea coaftes 
 after this onler. From tliat poyiit or fronte whii li we fayde to bee im ludecl within the lync |Rrteynynge to the 
 I'ortiigak-s iurifdiction. beinge dr.iweii by llie p.ir.ileliis of the Ilandes of Cahif r,i,: but a hundreth le.igues 
 further towanle the welle (whii h they h.iue nowe alfo fearched on euery fyde) we fi.unde three hundreth leagues 
 to the enterance of the ryuer .Wiinixiuiiiiitir. And from thenfe to Os Dratvnis, feuen hundreth leagues: but 
 fuinwhat lefle in the defi ription of fume: For they doo not agree in al poyntei> exquihtely. The ."^jianyardes 
 w>ll that a li.igue contejiie foure myles by fe.i and but three 1') l.iiide. From Os Dmamis, to the cape or 
 iHjjni of t'luh.haciHi. whiih beinge palVed, there is a goiilfe on the lefte hande. we meafurcxi three hiindrethe 
 leagues in one larde, and much thereabout in an other. From this |>oynt of CVA/Aww, to the region of 
 C<i/-ifMr.r/rf' in whic h is the hauen Ctirt/ia^o (which fuin caule Carthii-ftht) we fotind al>out a hundreth and 
 feuentie leagues. From ('(/n/Wi//// to the Hande /•iv/zf, fiflie le.igues. From thenfe to the goulfes of ]'ral>a 
 anionge the wh:i h is the wllage i:iiile(| Sii/iiZi .\/,i>i,i A>ilh/ii,t where the .S|iar;y..nles have apiynted theyr 
 habiuicion, only, xx.xiii. leagues. From the ryuer of I'ntbii in the prouime oi Danftia to the ryuer o{ ^iriijpia 
 
The fccomh' Decade . 
 
 135 
 
 where Nlcutfa hadde intended to hauc faflcncd his footc if gtxi h.ulilc not othcrwyfe decreed, wc meafurcd a 
 hundrcth ami thirtie leagues. Fronie Btraj^a to that r)Uer wluthe wee laydo of Coloiius to bee caiiletl .Siintli 
 MiUthti^ in the which alfo XiiUffa loofingc his carauell. ».imlerc<l in jireate tilaniities, wc founde in owrc cardcs, 
 ondy a hundreth and fortie leagues : Yet many other which of late tyrae luue cooine front llicfc partes, haue 
 ileftryl)td many moo leagues in this trarte from the r>uer of S<vuli MaUhd: In which alfo, they place dyiiers 
 r) iiers, as AhiirtuM with the ILin<le < .vuled Siitliim C',r/ffi,i I) inj;e l)efore it, whofe kynj;is name is /',uii:< iVinbiiJlii. 
 I ykewife an other rjiicr lauletl /^•hral'n: after tli.it, f'r/i/ii: anil then J)ur,i/;i in tliv whieli j;olil is foiuKle. 
 I'lirtlierinore, m.iny goodh hanens. .is (VifAi/i' aiiii lliil'i;i. foo < aiiUd of th(i-]iiihaliii,intcs. .\nil iluis il )iiu ii' 
 hoiynes w ) II < onferre thcfe nunil>.i> toj;ytlier. yo«c rti.ill fynde in this .ixoinptc. .1 tliiMir.iiid fmc huiulrclh 
 l«cntie and fyiie leagues, whii he .inioiinie to fyuo thoufande aiul feueii hundrcth iii) lc> from the poynt of SaiiHi 
 M,ill/i,i, which they caulc Siniim pcrJU^'riim: that is, the goullc of the lolU- men. Hut we ni.iy not Icniic here. 
 I'or after this, one Ajtur OuiifnjVs, othen\>fe named l^hamus /tiiti lU .V.'//., borne in Xi/'fii/ti (uiiicli bringelh 
 loorth many lemetl men) ttjlin^-e frome this rviicr t«.«.inlc the welle, oner ranne m.mje ro.illcs and ie.igiics: 
 l!ul the myildeile ol that ihore, K-ndethe towanlc the North; And it is therlore direi tiy placed in order with 
 the other. Yet may wc gather l>y a duiinetcr or ryght lyne, alwiit three himdreth leagues. Hereby mayc yowc 
 j;ather what is the leni^h of this lande. Hut of the breailth. perlupi)es wee fliall here.iftcr haue furilicr kii >\\- 
 leage. I.et vs nowe fi>oake fumnhat of the \.iriclie of the dej;rees of the eleuation of the pole ll.irres. I'liis 
 lande therlore, .ilthowgh it rcai he foorth from tlie l-'-ill into the Welle, yet is it crooked am! hathe the poynt 
 liend\nj;e fo towani the f<Hith, that it lofeth the fij;hl of the .\orth |>ole, and is extended beyonde the lv|iii 
 ncH'tial lyne feiien dcgrevs tuHanic the ."south |>ole. Hut the |K)ynt herof. |>erteyneth to the iurifdiction of the 
 I'ortugales as we hauc (ayde. I.cauinge this |K)ynt and faylinge toward I'aria the north ll.irre is feciie age) lie, 
 .iiid is fo much the more hftctl vp. in howe much the rei^ion eiiclynetli more towarde the Welle. 'I he Span- 
 yardes therfore. haue djuers dtyrecs of eleuations, vntyl they come to Diiruna beinge their chiele llation and 
 dwellynge pLice in th >fe btides. For they haue forfaken /{tiiti;ita, where they fouml the .North pole eleuate. 
 \iii. degrees Hut from henfe the lande doth foo iniu he bende towarde the North, that it is there in inaiur 
 diuall with the degrees of the ilr.iyghtes of Hen ules jiyllers: efpccially yf wee meafure terteyne l.iiKJes founde 
 by them towanle the Northe fyde of /////i/;//i'/<». Kinonge the whiih, there is an llande. about tliree liuiulrelh 
 ami. \\\. leagues from Iii/f\tnu'/a, as they fay whi< he haue fearched t'ae fame, nanieil Jioiuui or Ai^naiuv, in the 
 which is a continual fprynge of runnynge water of fuch nuruelous vertue, that the water iherof beinge dronk, 
 jierhappes with fume dyete, maketh owld men xounge ageyne. .\nd here mul\ I make prolell.uion to yowre 
 liolynes, not to th>nke this to l>ee Ci\de l)gliily or ralhely. For they haue foo fpre<lile this niiiio'ir for a truth 
 throwghowt all the courte, that not oiuly all the |>eople, but alfo iii.iny of them whom wifedonie or fortune li.ith 
 tliuidetl from the common fort, thinke it to be true. Hut if yowe llial afke my opinion herein. I wyl aiifwere 
 that I w>ll not attribute lo greate poure to nature: but that go<l hath noo lelTe refenie«l this |)rer(ig,itiiie to hym 
 fclfe, then to fe-aahe the hartes of men, or to gyue fubllance to priuation, (that is) bciiige to noo beinge : 
 I'Aceptc we iKdl belcuc the fable oi Cokhis of A'/I'// renouate, to bee as trewe as the «ryiiii-es <>f .Si/n/Ai 
 Erythna. .Mlieit |>etlup|ics the fcoles of philitians and naturall philofophers wyll not inuche llyi ke to altirme 
 that by th[e]iife of tertcyne fecreate metlei ines and dyete, the accidentes of age (as they raule them) may be 
 longe h\dden ami defcrre^l, which they w)ll to bee vnderllooile. by the renouacion of age. .\iid to haue fayde 
 thus much of the length an»l brcadthe of thefe R<;gions, and of the rowghe and luigious moinit.iynes with theyr 
 w.itery caues, alfo of the dyuers degrees of that l.mde, I thinke it fuliii lent Hut 1 thuwgln it not good to let 
 [ulVe what ehaunce^l to thcfe miferable men amonge theyr generall calamities. I remember that when 1 was a 
 < liylde. mee thowght my bowelles gratetl and that my fpirites were maruelouflye troubeled for verye pitie, when 
 I readde in the |)oet Virgyl howe AiMtinaiUcs was lefte of \'l\j}fi v])on the fea kmkc's amonge the gi antes cauled 
 Cjiv'/f-y where for the f|uce of many dayes from tlie tlepartinge of Vly'Ja vntyll the comin)iige of/'.V/tvn he 
 eate none other meate but only Iwrryes and hawes. Hut owre vnfortunate Sp.iny.udes whiche folowed Xiciuja 
 to inhabite Btra^ua, wookle liaiie etlenictl h.iwes anil berryes tor grv.ite ilelicates. What fliulde I hearc fpeake 
 ot the heade of an affe l>o«-ght for a greate price, and of fuch other extremities as men haue fullered in lownes 
 befe.ige<l? .Vfter that Xtcufj\i hadile deteniiyneil to leaue B(ra.^ui for the lurrennes of the foyle. he alteinpted 
 to fearche IWtum Bfi/um, and then the coalles of the (wynt lauleil M.tinwr, if he nnght there fynde a jikicc 
 more fortutute to inhabite. In this meane tyine, fo greuous fanien oppreiled his fouMiers, that they neyllier 
 abrteynal from eatinge of manif.e doggcs which they had with them afwell for theyr «lefence as for huntyngc 
 (for in the warre ageynll the luketl i^nple. dogges lloode them in greato lleade) nor yet lumtymes from the 
 tl.iyne inhabitantes. For they fouinle not there any frutefull trees or plentie of foules as in J\tru-riii, but a 
 Ixirren groumle an«l not mcvte to bee inhabite«l. Here certeyne of the fouldiers made a bargein with one of 
 theyr felowes for the price of a leanc dogge. who alfo was almol'lc de.aile for hunger: They gaue the owner of 
 the dogge many of thole pieces of g<il !e whiih they ciule /V/i-s ..r gulden Cailellans. Thus agreingc of the 
 
 R. Sax.li 
 
 .V. ntltlH t r/iht 
 K. /,*i,-h.l. 
 I'rtiftt. 
 
 Itithnt. 
 
 Nut*. 
 
 A*. J t^t. ^miijvt 
 
 'rhc n.iiii(;.)ti(m tif 
 lohalilic-, I'ljs. 
 
 rhe rUiLititin i.f 
 
 Tlic iiinsili, lion 
 i>r llic IVirliigalvfc 
 
 /■.Ml<«.l. 
 Ili.rculcs pyllcrv 
 
 87 
 
 Ihf ll.tn.lc 
 It iiiicj iir 
 
 A ».ncr of 
 ii..iruttii(i^ \cTlue. 
 
 llic rrnoujiion 
 
 (if Age. 
 
 The accitlcntc^ o( 
 atE*> iii.iy l*cc 
 hy.Uliu. 
 
 I 'iytstt. 
 Eneai. 
 Kxlrciiie hunger. 
 
 Thi* w.is A\ ihr 
 
 slf-gc uf 
 
 hicniulciii. 
 
 
 A marcv tln^ 
 
 I 
 
 i i 
 
 \ 
 
 J ! 
 
 i 
 
 M 
 
 i 
 
 
 1 
 
 B ' B 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 il 
 111 if 
 
A 
 
 
 136 
 
 7V/r fccomic Decade. 
 
 Urnih of a man ■>■ 
 'Imi;-. skyiiiic. 
 
 |'o.ulcs iMtrH 
 
 A ilr ivlc 111.111 
 
 I. It 1: II. 
 
 88 
 
 rclrii^ Arias 
 
 Uhnllt lIlC 
 
 S|..ni>.irili'i t.m'c 
 I'cilUhat. 
 
 I 
 
 .1 
 
 price, they fleid the dopgc to bee eaten, and raflc his niannie (Tcynnc with the bones of the heade hanp>'ngc 
 thorto, aniongc the biiflics. The day folo\vyii;,'i\ a cerleyiie fuotiinan of thivr H)in|>any, (haiinred to fymle the 
 (kynne beinge nowe full of maggottcs and (\yiikynge. He liroiiglit it h(inie willi hyin, ftxlde it, and catc it 
 Many rcfortccl to hym with tlicyr dyflhes fi)r tiie l)r<)the of the foddc Ikynnt', iirolcringe hyin for cuerye 
 dyfniefiili a piicc of golde. An othir fuunde twim toados ami fodde them wliirli a fn ke man bought of hyni 
 forlwiKj fyne lluitcs curiouHy \\n)Uf;lil of l)ian intcriiiwl «illi golde. Ccili)n other waiuUringe abowie to 
 feeke for \ytayles, founde in a patluw.i) in the inyddell of a fyelde, a deade man of th[elinhabitantcs whiche 
 hail byn llayne of his owne (oompanye and was noHe rotten and llynkynge. They dnwe hym a fyde, 
 difininilierde hym feereatly, rofled hym and eale hym, therewith alVwagynge the\r hunger as yf they had l)yn 
 feddf with |ilu.ifaiMites. ( )ik' alio, whidi deparliiigc from his (ompanions in the nyglit Icalon, went a fylhyng 
 amonge the reedes of the marylllu^, lyued only with llynii' or mudde for the fjiaee of lerteyne dayes. vntyll at 
 the lengthe ereepinge and ahnollc fleade, he founde the way to his felowes. And thus thefe milerable nu-ii of 
 HiTitf;iiii vexed with thefe and fiii he otlur a[f |llit tions, were lir(iwgli[t]e from the number offeuen himdreth 
 threfiore and ten fouldiers, f< arl'ily to fortie, beinge nowe alio ad<li(l to the coompany of them in Danena. 
 Fiwe were ll.iyne cjf ili[e|inhaMi,iMtis. Hut the refydewi- conlumed by fnuen, breatlied owt theyr wery 
 fowles, <)pen\nge a waye to tlie newe lalides for fuel) as Ihal coome alter them, ajjpeafuige the fury of the 
 barbarous nations, with the ])riec of theyr bludde. Confyderinge therfore after thefe lb)rmes, with what cafe 
 otluT inin lliall innrnume and inliabile thefe landis, in refpeete to the calamities that tlufe men haue fuffered, 
 tlu) lli.il! letini' to f;oo to brydc lialUs wlaii' all thynges are redy prepared a^;eyiill their eonunjnge. But 
 where J'etiiii Aiiiis arryued widi the kjnges nauie and newe fujiply of men, to this lioure I knowe no 
 cerlentie. What lliall i liaunee herafter 1 wyll make ililigente iniiuilition if 1 Ihall vnderllamle tliis to bee 
 acceptable to )owre holynes. Tluis I byd yowe harti'ly farewell: froni ihe ( ourtc of the nioofle Catholyke 
 kynge, the d.iye beefore the nones of Dei ember, in tiie yean- of Chrille, M. I >. XI 1 11. 
 
 iVi 
 
 L IS 
 
137 
 
 tTHi' I'VRsi' nook'i: oi' the tiivrdi: DrxADi:. 
 'Ju Tiiii r.wssiioiMM- OI" ko.Mi' ij'O iiii- ri:\ "HI. 
 
 J 
 
 Was (Icterniynctl (nmllc liolyc f.iihci) to haiic cIdIciI vp the urates 
 til tliis ncwu worldc, fuiipofini^c that I liatl wandered farre 
 enowgh in tlie ro.ifles therof, wliilo in the meane time newc 
 letters were liiouuhl me froiiie Ihenfe, wliiili raiifcd ine ageyne 
 to take my peiine in hande. I'i)r 1 receaiied letters not only 
 from ctrteync of myne acciuaintaunce there, but alfo frome 
 \\ij,hui NiiniiiZ whome we fayde by the t(infiden<c of his 
 owne poiire with his < (iiifetherales, to haue \ lurjied the goiicr- 
 naunce of Oiiriiim after the reiecting of i\i,iit-/a and Aiuifm, 
 l.ieiictenantes. IJy his letter wryttcn after his warlykc maner, 
 wee vnderlland that he hath patTed oner the niountaynes, diuid- 
 yni; the ()<e.iii kmiwen to vs, from the other mayne fea on the 
 foiilh fyde of this lande hetherto vnknowen. I lis tpillell is 
 ureater then that cauled Cii/'ir,-tiiit iff Stiano. Hut wee haue 
 gathered out of that and other, onely siiche thynges as wc thowght 
 mode woorthy to bee noted. l',i/,/ii/s foo beliaiied hym felfe 
 in thcfe affajrcs, that he d)d not onely pacitie the kynges 
 ililplLMliire i;on< t-aiail .i-iyiill liyui. but alio made hyin fo f.uioralile and gracious good lorde towarile hym, that 
 he rewarded him and his (:o<>ni|>3nions with many honorable gyftes and priuiieges for theyr altcmptes. Wherfore 
 I defyre yowre holynes to inilyne yowre attcntiuc eares, and to confyder with a ioyfuU mynde what they haue 
 hrowght to p.iTk' in ihofe great enteqiryfes. For this valianle nation (ilu- Spanyardes I nieane) haue not onely 
 with greate p.iynrs and innumerable dangers fulxhied to the Chrillian empire, inlinile huiidredes and legions, 
 liut alfo niyriailes of men. /<//;/i/// ,\////«/-i therfore, whether it were thai he w.is imp.u ient of Idlenes (fur a 
 v.diente mynde can not rell in one pl.n e or bee vnoci upyed) or lealle any other lliiilde preueiit hym in foo great 
 a matter (fufpecting the newc gouemour Pctrus Arias) or being inoued iiy both thefe caufes, and ef|)ecially for that 
 till' kynge had taken liifpleafuro with hym for fuch thynges as he had doone before, toke lli[e],iiluenlure vppon 
 ii\m with a fewe men to brynge that to |>.ilTe which the fonne of kynge Ci>>»i'xrii.f tlviight couM harclly haue 
 byn doone with the ayde of a thoufande men, wherof /V////,i Arias was appoynleil capitayne for the liinie jiuq>ofe. 
 .Mlemblynge thertorc certeync of the owlde fouldiers u{ Diuiaui, and many of thofe whidie lame lately from 
 //iff>tvii,<l,t. allured by the fame of greater plentie of golde, he gathered an arniye of a hundreth fourefcore ami 
 teniie men. 'Iluis beinge fumyflhed and redie to t.ike his vyage by fea. ivhyle the wyiide ferued hym. he 
 departed frome Jhtritmt with one brygantine and teniie of theyr boates whidie they caule ('anoas as wee haue 
 f.iyde. Fyrfl therfore arryuynge in the dominion oi Citrrta kynge i)( Coifia and frende to the fhriilians, and 
 leauynge his Ihyppe and bo.ites there, he made his deuout prayers to almyghtie god, and thenvith went forwarde 
 on his iourney by lande tow.ird the mountaynes. Mere he fyrft entered into the region of kynge /'•'ii/iii, who 
 tledde at his commvni,' as he had doone before. I! 
 
 'ii/,/ 
 
 I'lige 
 
 lyi 
 
 LTteync 
 
 C'lin/ii his men, promyfmge hym frendfliip and defciue ageynll his enemies, with many other 
 
 benefitcs. Poiuiia thus entyfetl with the fayre fpeache and frcndely i)rofcrs bothe of owre men and of the 
 
 Caretans, came to owr men gladly ami wyllyngely makynge a league of frend(bip|ie with them. Vafihus 
 cntcrteyned hym very Iremlely, and jHrrfuadeil him neuer tlur.ificr to llamle in fearc. Tliiis they ioyned handes. 
 en)brare<l, and gaue greate gyftes the one to the (jther to knytte vp the kiiotte of contiiuiall amitie. /V//.//<f 
 gaue Wifcliiis A hundreth and ten i>oundes weyght of golde, of that jjounde which the Spanyardes caule I\fum. 
 lie h.ad no greater plentiu of golde at this tynie, by re.ifon he was fjioyled the yeare before as we haue fayde. 
 Wifchiis to recompenceone iK-ncfyte with an other, gaue h\m cerleyne of owre thjnges, as counterfet rynges, 
 Clirillal Hones, copjier chcynes and brafelettes, haukes belles, lokynge glaffes, and luche other fyne ituffe. 
 'Iliefe thynges they fet much by and grcately elleeine. For fuche thynges as are llraunge, are euery where 
 counted precious. He gaue alio to /'.'//.//,* eerteyne axes to fell tr^es: which he .icccpted as a princely gyfte, 
 
 \ ivhii* N'liniM/, 
 >jncn.k 
 
 Tile mr«* *<mth 
 
 Coinnirn,)ition of 
 titc >|unyjrilM> 
 
 A vjlieni inyii,! 
 r^ii ni'l bc« ydlr. 
 
 A d'^iier lie 
 AauciituT^- 
 
 V'lt, hu% his \i.i|!i* 
 tu».,fa ihc guMvit 
 111 lUiiUyncv 
 
 I'treij Lyngc of 
 ' C.iU 
 
 I 
 
 89 
 
 A !mn<lretli Jtil « 
 puiuKlr« wryght 
 of gultlc 
 
 Strange ihii.^ci 
 arc tuunicil 
 
 ^ 
 
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 '1 
 
 I 
 
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 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 |5 1™^= 
 
 Hi iM 
 
 ^ 1^ 
 
 2.5 
 
 1.8 
 
 
 1.25 1.4 
 
 1.6 
 
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 .4 6" — 
 
 
 ► 
 
 <^ 
 
 /J 
 
 % 
 
 '/ 
 
 M 
 
 Photogr^hic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 ^3 VVE^T MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
" 
 
 <. 
 
 «?>. 
 
 
 C/u 
 
,»1 
 
 138 
 
 TJie thyrdc Decade. 
 
 Lackc <if iron 
 
 A St <nc in the 
 stucLC uf Ircn 
 
 Siipcrlliiitics 
 Ii) ii.ltr Iiljcrtic. 
 
 Carpenters, 
 liiydijes. 
 
 The rcsiii;i uf 
 (^)u a re una. 
 
 Kinge Quare()na 
 is dryncii Id 
 
 Hyght. 
 
 I (argil busies. 
 Crossebowes 
 
 vi. C. [six hundred] 
 IJarbarians are 
 slaine 
 \'nnatural lechery. 
 
 90 
 
 Tlii: vse uf duggcs 
 in the warrc 
 at;cnst the naked 
 ltarb;iriaiis. 
 
 Naliiraul lialreii 
 of vmiatiiral himie. 
 
 rttltttitii, 
 
 I woMe all men 
 were nf this 
 opiiiiuil. 
 
 The harue!tt U 
 great and the 
 vvourkeineii but 
 fewe, 
 
 Warrelyke penple. 
 
 The Jiytiher the 
 couldcr. 
 
 bycaufe they lacke Iren and all other metals except golde : by reafon wherof they are enforced with greate 
 labourc to cut theyr trees to buylde theyr houfes, and efpecially to make theyr boates holowe withowte inftru- 
 mentes of Iren, with certeyne fliarpe (lones whiche tl^ey fynde in the ryuers. Thus Vafchus leauynge all 
 thyngcs in fafetie behynde hym, marched forwarde with his arniye towarde liie mountaynes, by the conducte of 
 certeyne guydes and labourers which Fonclui had gyuen hym, as well to leade hym the way, as alfo to cary his 
 baggages and oj-cn the flraightcs through the dcfolate places and craggy rockes full of the dennes of wylde 
 beaflcs. For there is feldoome entercourfc or byinge and fellynge betweiie thefe naked people, bycaufe they 
 (land in neede of fewe thynges and haue not the vfe of money. 13ut yf at any tyme they exercife any bartering 
 they (loo it but ncre handc, exchangynge golde for houfliolde fluffe with theyr confines wliiche fumcwhat efleeme 
 the fame for ornamente when it is wrought. Other fuperthiities they vtterly contemne, as hynderances of theyr 
 fweete libertie, forafmuch as they are gyuen only to ])lay and Idelnes. And for this caufe, the high wayes 
 which lye bclwene theyr regions are not much worne with many iorneys. Yet haue theyr fcoutes certeyne 
 priuie markes whereby they knowe the waye the one to inuade the others dominions, and fpoyle and infefte 
 them felues on botlie fydes with mutual incurfions priuilie in the nyght feafon. By the helpe therfore of theyr 
 guydes and labourers, with owre carpenters, he paffed ouer the horrible mountaynes and many greate ryuers 
 lyinge in the way, ouer the which he made brydges eyther with pyles or trunkes of trees. And here doo I let 
 paffe manje thynges whiche they fuftered for lacke of nectiTaiies, beinge alfo in maner ouercome with extreme 
 laboure, leafle I fliulde bee tedious in reherfinge thynges of fmaule value. But I haue thought it good not to 
 omitte fuche doinges as he had with the kynges by the waye. Therefore or euer he came to the toppes of the 
 hygh mountaynes, he entered into a Region cauled Quarcqua, and mette with the kynge thereof cauled by the 
 icune name, with a greate bande of men armed after theyr maner, as with bowes and arrowes, longe and brode 
 two handed fwordes made of wodde, longe flaues hardened at the endes with fyer, dartes alfo and flynges. He 
 came proudely and cruelly ageynft owre men, and fent mellengers to them to byd theym ilande and procede 
 no further: demaundynge whyther they went and what they hadde to doo there. Herewith he came foorth 
 and fliewcd hym felfe beinge appareled with al his nobilitie : but the other were all naked. Then approchinge 
 towarde owre men, he thrctened them with a lions countenance to depart from thenfe except they woolde bee 
 flayne euery mothers fonne. When owre men denyed that they woolde goo backe, he aflayled them fiercely. 
 But the battayle was fone fynyfflied. For as foone as they harde the noyfe of the hargabufies, they beleued 
 that owre menne caryed thunder and lyghtenynge about with them. Many alfo beinge flayne and fore 
 wounded with quarels of croffebowes, they turned their backes and fledde. Owre men folowynge them in the 
 chafe, hewed them in piefes as the butchers doo fleffiie in the fliamwelles, from one an arme, from an other a 
 legge, from hym a buttocke, from an other a flmlder, and from fume the necke from the bodye at one 
 (Iroke. Thus, fyxe hundreth of them with theyr kynge, were flayne lyke bnite beaftes. Vafchus founde the 
 houfe of this kynge infected with mofl abhominable and vnnaturall lechery. For he founde the kynges brother 
 and many other younge men in womens api)arell, fmoth and efteminatcly decked, which by the report of fuch 
 as dwelte abowte iiym, he abufed with prepoflerous venus. Of thefe abowte the number of fortie, he com- 
 maunded to bee gyuen for a pray to his dogges. For (as we haue ftiyd) the Spaniardes vfe [t]he helpe of 
 dogges in their warres ageynfl the naked people whom they inuade as fiercely and rauenyngely as yf they were 
 wylde boares or hartes. In foo muche that owre Spanyardes haue founde theyr dogges noo lefie faythful to them 
 in all daungiours and enterpryfes, then dyd the Colophonians or Caflabalenfes which inflituted hole armies of 
 (.logges foo made to ferue in the warres, that beinge accuftomed to place them in the fore froonte of the 
 battayles, they neuer flirunke or gaue backe. When the people had harde of the feuere punyflhement which 
 owr men had executed vppon that fylthy kynde of men, they reforted to theim as it had byn to Hercules for 
 refuge, by violence bryngyng with them al fuch as they knewe to bee infected with that peflilence, fpettynge 
 in theyr faces and cryinge owte to owre men to take reuenge of them and rydde them owte of the worlde from 
 amonge men as contagious beafles. This ftinkynge abhomination hadde not yet entered amonge the people, 
 but was exercifed onely by the noble men and gentelmen. But the people lyftinge vp theyr handes and eyes 
 toward heauen, gaue tokens that god was greuoufly offended with fiich vyle deedes. Affirmynge this to bee the 
 caufe of theyr foo many thunderinges, lyghtnynge, and tempefles wherwith they are foo often troubeled : And 
 of the ouerflowinge of waters which drowne theyr fets and frutes, w hereof famenne and dyuers difeafes infue, 
 as the)' fimplye an(.l faythfully beleue, althowgh they knowe none other god then the foonne, whom onely they 
 honoure, thinkynge that it dooth bothe gyue and take awaye as it is pleafed or offended. Vet are they very 
 dociblu, and eafye to bee allured to owre cuRomes and religion, if they had any teachers. In theyr language 
 there is nothynge vnpleafaunte to the eare or harde to bee pronounced, but that all theyr woordes may bee 
 wrytten with latin letters as wee fayde of th[e]inhabitantes of Hifpaniola. It is a warlyke nation, and hath byn 
 euer hethcrto molellous to theyr bortherers. But the region is not fortunate with frutful ground or plentie of 
 gold. Yet is it fill! of greate barren mountaynes beinge fumewhat colde b^ reafon of theyr heyght, And 
 
 «38 
 
 \ \ 
 
The thyyde Decade 
 
 139 
 
 therfore the noble men and gentelmen are apparelled. But the common people lyue content onely with the 
 
 benefytes of nature. There is a region not pad two flaye.s iourney diflant from Qiianyiia, in whicl. they founde 
 
 only blacke Moores; and thofe excedynge fierce and cruell. They fuppofe that in tyme pafle certeyne blacke 
 
 mores fayled thether owt of Acthiopia to robbe : and thiit by fliippewracke or fume other chaunce, they were 
 
 dryuen to thofe mountaynes. Th[e]inhabitante.j of Qiiarcqua. lyue in continuall warre and debate with thefe 
 
 blacke men. Here Vafc/iiis leauinge in Qimnyua many of his fouldiers (which by reafon they were not yet 
 
 accuflomed to fuch trauayles and hunger, fell into ciyuers difeafes) tooke with hym certeyne guydes of the 
 
 Quarequatans to conduct hym to the toppes of the mountaynes. From the palaice of kynge Poncha, to the 
 
 profpect of the other fouth fea, is only fyxe dayes iorney. the which neuertheleffe by reafon of many hynder- 
 
 ances and chaunces, and efpecially for lacke of vytayles, he coulde accomplyflie in noo lefTe then. xxv. dayes. 
 
 Hut at the length, the feuenth daye of the calendes of October, he behelde with woonderinge eyes the toppes 
 
 of the hygh mountaynes fliewed vnto hym by tlie guydes of Qiianyiia, from the whiche he myght fee the other 
 
 fea foo longe looked for, and neuer feene before of any man commynge owte of owre worlde. Approchinge 
 
 therefore to the toppes of the mountaynes, he commaundeu his arm)e to fley, and went him felfe alone to the 
 
 toppe, as it were to take the fyrfl. poffeflion therof. Where, faulynge proRrate vppon the grounde, and rayfinge 
 
 hym felfe ageyne vpon his knees as is the maner of the Chriflians to pray, lyftynge vjjpe his eyes and handes 
 
 towarde heauen, and directinge his face towarde the newe founde fouth fea, he poored foorth his humble and 
 
 deuout prayers before almyghtie God as a fpirituall facrifice with thankes gyuing, that it had pleafed his diuine 
 
 maiellie to referue vnto that day the victorie and praife of fo greate a thynge vnto hym, beinge a man but of 
 
 fmaule witte and knowleage, of lyttle experience and bafe parentage. When he had thus made his prayers after 
 
 his warlike maner he beckened with his hande to his coompanions to coonie to hym, fliewynge them the greate 
 
 mayiie lea heretofore vnknowen to th[e]inhabitantes of Europe, Aphrike, and Afla. Here ageyne he fell to 
 
 his prayers as before: defyringe almyghtie God and the bleffed virgin to fauour his beginninges, and to gyue 
 
 hym good fuccelTe to fubdue thofe landes to the glorie of his holy name and encreafe of his trewe religion. All 
 
 his coompanions dyd lykewyfe, and prayfed god with loude voyces for ioye. Then Vafchiis, with no leffe manlye 
 
 corage then Hanniball of Carthage fliewed his fouldiers Italye and the promontories of the Alpes, exhorted his 
 
 men to lyft vp their hartes, and to behoulde the lande euen nowe vnder theyr feet;, and the fea before theyr 
 
 eyes, whiche fliulde bee vnto them a full and lull rewarde of thc)r great laboures and trauayles nowe ouerpaffed. 
 
 When he had fayde thefe woordes, he commaunded them to raife certeine heapes of flones in the lleede of alters 
 
 for a token of poffeffion. Then defcendynge from the toppes of the mountaynes, leafl fuch as might come after 
 
 hym fliulde argue hym of lyinge or falfliod, lie wrote the kynge of Cafl.elles name here and there on the barkes 
 
 of the trees bothe on the ryght hande and on the Icfte : and rayfed heapes of flones all the way that he went, 
 
 vntyll he came to the region of the nexte kynge towarde the fouth whofe name was CInapcs. This kynge came 
 
 foorthe ageynfle hym with a greate multitude of men : thrcatcninge and forbyddynge him not onely to paffe 
 
 through his dominions, but alfo to goo no further. Hcrevppon, Vafchus fet his battayle in array, and exhorted 
 
 his men (beinge nowe but fewe) fiercely to affayle theyr enemies, and to efteeme theym noo better then dogges 
 
 meate as they fhulde bee fliortly. Placeinge therfore the hargabufiers and maflies in the forefroonte, they faluted 
 
 kynge CliMpcs and his mi;n with fuch a larome, that when they hard the noyfe of the gunnes, fawe the flames of 
 
 fyer, and fmelte the fauouv of brymfl.one (for the wynde blewe towarde them) they droue them felues to flyght 
 
 with fuche feare leafl-e thunderboultes and lyghtnynges folowed theim, that manye fell dowiie to the grounde : 
 
 whom owre men purfuinge, fyrfl keepinge theyr order, and after breakyng theyr array, flewe but fewe and tooke 
 
 many captiue. For tliey determined to \fe no extremitie, but to pacific thofe Regions us quietlye as they myght. 
 
 Enteringe therfore into the palaice of kynge C/iiapes, Vafdiiis commaunded many of the captiues to bee loofed : 
 
 wyllynge them to fearch owte theyr kynge, and to exhorte hym to coome thyther; And that in foo doingc, he 
 
 woolde bee his frende and profcr hym [)eace, befjde many other benefites. But if he refufed to coome, it fluil'.le 
 
 turne to the ;le(lruction of hym and his, and vttcr fubuerfion of his contrey. And that they myght the more 
 
 atfuredly do this meffage to Chiapes he fent with them certeyne of the guydes whiche came with hym from 
 
 Qfianqua. 
 
 Thus Chiapes beinge perfuaded afwel by the Quareqans who coulde coniecture to what ende the matter 
 ivoolde coome by th[e]experience whiche they had feene in them felues and theyr kynge, as alfo by the reafons 
 of his owne men to whome Vafchiis hadde made foo frendcly promyfes in his behalfe, came foorthe of tiie caues 
 in the whiche he lurked, and fubmytted hym felfe to Vafchiis, who accepted h)in frendelye. They ioyiied 
 handes, embrafed the one the other, made a perpetuall league of frendefliippe, and gaue greate rewardes on bothe 
 fydes. Chiapes gaue Vafchus foure hundreth poundcs weyght of wrought goulde of thofe poundcs whiche they 
 caule Pefos: And Vafchus recom|)enfed hym ageyne with certeyne of owre thynges. 'I'lius beinge made 
 freendes, they remayned togyther a fewe dayes vntyll Vafchus fouldiers were coonie which he lefte behynde hym 
 in Quarei/ua. Then caulinge vnto hym the guydes and labourers which came with hym from thenfe he 
 
 •39 
 
 j A rei;ion of black 
 luourcs 
 
 Diseases nfcliatigc 
 of ayer and dyct- 
 
 i The south sea. 
 
 Vasi-hus is coome 
 to tlie syght of (he 
 ncwe south sc.. 
 
 Trayer. 
 
 fioil rayscth the 
 pnorc fritni the 
 dungehyl 
 
 91 
 
 Tf.innilallnf 
 Carthage 
 
 V.isclms talictli 
 I)osscs>inii of ihc 
 tnuuiiui) iK's 
 
 Kynge Chiapes. 
 A battayle. 
 
 t luaiK's '\h tlryuen 
 t'j llyght. 
 
 V'aschus sendetli 
 fur king Chiapes. 
 
 Cilia pes 
 hiibinitteth 
 hytnhclfe tu 
 Vnschus. 
 
 iiii. C. [fuur 
 Inindreil) puiiiuU 
 weyght of wrnughl 
 gold 
 
 )% 
 
 i 
 
 
 i 
 
140 
 
 The tliynic Decade. 
 
 r 1 
 
 Vaschus addictcth 
 the ncwc land 
 and sea, to the 
 dominion uf 
 Castile. 
 
 Kynge Coqiiera 
 
 is dryiicn to flyght. 
 Vaschus vselh 
 both ^i-'iitelnes 
 and rigour. 
 
 92 
 
 vi. c. r^iv 
 
 hundrL-d| and 
 I- [fifty] pouudc;- 
 weygfit uf wrought 
 
 gul 
 
 A go>]lfc of 
 threescore mylcs. 
 
 Saynt Michaels 
 goulfc 
 
 'J'hc manly corage 
 and godly zeale 
 of Vaschus 
 
 Ryches are the 
 syncwes of warre 
 The faythfuhies uf 
 kyngc C'hiapes. 
 
 A tempest on the 
 
 The increasMig of 
 the bouth sea. 
 
 The Northe 
 Ocean. 
 
 Hard shyft in 
 neccbbilic. 
 
 The Rcfilnn 
 Tuinacta. 
 
 93 
 
 rewarded them liberallye and d'fmiffed tlieym with thankes. Shortly after, by the conduct of Chiapes hym felfe, 
 and certeyne of his men, departinge from the toppes of the mountaynes, he came in the fpacc of foure dayes to 
 the bankes of the newc fea : where aflemblynge al his men togyther with the kynges fcribes and notaries, they 
 addicted al that maine fea with all the landes adiacent there vnto to the dominion and Empire of Cadile. Here 
 he left part of his fouldiers with Chiapes that he injglit th[e]efclicr fcarche thofe coaflcs. And takyng with hym 
 nyne of theyr lyghters made of one hole tree (which they caule Cnkhas as th[c]inhabitantes of Hifpaniola caul 
 them Camas) and alfo a bande of fourefcore men with certeine of Chiapes men, he pafled ouer a greate ryuer and 
 came to the region of a certeyne kynge whofe name was Coquera. He attempted to refyfte owtc men as dyd 
 the other, and with lyke fuccefle : for he was ouercoome and put to flyght. But Vafchiis who entended to 
 Wynne hym with gentelnes, fente certeyne Chiapeans to him to declare the greate poure of owre menne: howe 
 inuincible they were : howe mercifuU to fuch as fubmit them felues, alfo cruell and feuere to fuch as obflinatly 
 withftande them. Promyfinge hym furthermore, that by the frcndfliippe of owrc men, he myght bee well affured 
 by tli[e]exemple of other, not onely to lyue in peace and quietness hym felfe, but alfo to bee reuenged of 
 th[e]iniuries of his enemies. Wylling hym in conclufion foo to weigh the matter, that if he refufed this gentelnes 
 profered vnto hym by foo greate a victourer, he fliulde or it were longt, leme by feelynge to repent him to late 
 of that perel which he myght haue auoyded by hearing. Coquera with thefe woordes and e.xemples, fliaken 
 with great feare, came gladly with the meffengers, bryngyng with him fyxc hundreth and. 1. [fifty] Fifos of wrought 
 gold, which he gaue vnto owre men. 7 afehiis rewarded hym lykewife as we fayd before oiFoncha. Coquera beinge 
 thus pacified, they returned to the palaice of Chiapes. Where, vifitinge theyr companions, and rellynge there a 
 wh)le, Vafchus determyned to fearch the ne.xte greate goulfe, the which, from the furthefl reachynge therof into 
 the lande of theyr countrcys, from the enteraunce of the mayne fea, they faye to bee thrcefcore mylcs. This 
 they named faynt Michaels goulfe, which they fay to bee full of inhabited Uandes and hugious rockes. Enteringe 
 therefore into the nyne boates or Culchas wherwith he paffed ouer the ryuer before, hauinge alfo with hym the 
 fame coompanye of fourefcore hole men, he wente forwarde on his purpofe, although he were greatly difluaded 
 by Chiapes, who erncftly defyred hym not to attempt that vyage at that tyme, aflirming the goulfe to be foo 
 tempeftious and llormy three moonethes in the yeare, that the fea was there by noo meanes nauigable: And 
 that he had feene many Culchas deuoured of whirlepoles euen beefore his eyes. But inuincible Vafchus, 
 impaciente of idlenes, and voyde of all feare in gocldes caufe, aunfwered that god and his holy fayntes 
 woolde profper his enterpryfes in this cafe, forafmuche as the matter touched God and the defence of the 
 Chriflian religion, for the maynetenaunce wherof it fluilde bee neceffarie to haue great abundance of ryches and 
 treafure as the fynewes of war ageynfle the enemies of the faythe. Thus vfinge alfo th[e]ofiice both of an 
 oratoure and preacher, i>id hauinge i)erfuaded his coompanyons, he lanched from the lande. But Chiapes, lead 
 Vafchus fliulde any thynge doubt of his fiiythfulnes towarde hym, profered himfelfe to goo with hym whither foo 
 euer he went: And wolde by noo meanes aflent that Vafchus fliulde depart from his palaice, but that he woolde 
 brynge hym on the waye and take part of his fortune. Therfore as foone as they were nowe entered into the 
 maine fea, fuch fourges and conflictes of water arofe ageynfl, them that they were at theyr wyttes endes whither 
 to turne them or where to refle. Thus beinge toffed and amafed with feare, the one loked on the other with 
 pale and vn^'.herefull countenaunces. But efpecially Chiapes and his coompany, who had before tyme with theyr 
 eyes feene th[e]experience of thofe ieoperdies, were greatly difconiforted. Yet (as god woolde) they efcaped all, 
 and landed at the nexte Ilande: A\here makynge fade theyr boates, they refl-ed there that nyght. Here the 
 water foo encreafed, that it almofl. ouerflowed the Hand. They fay alfo that that fouth fea doth foo in maner 
 boyle and fwelle, that when it is at the h}ghert. it doth couer many greate rockes, which at the faule therof, are 
 feene farre aboue the water. But on the contrar)' parte, all fuche as inhabite the North fea, affirmc with one 
 voyce, that hit fcarfely rifelh at any tyme a cubet aboue the bankes as they alfo confeflc which inhabite the 
 Ilande of Hifpaniola and other Uandes fituate in the fame. The Ilande therfore beinge nowe dr)e by the faule 
 of the water, they reforted to theyr boates which they foundc all ouerwhelmed and full of fande, and fume fore 
 brufed, with great ryftes, and almoft lod by rcafon theyr cables were broken. Such as were brufed, they tyed 
 fad with theyr gyrdels, with flippes of the barkes of trees, and with tough and longe dalkes of certein herbes of 
 the fea, flopping the ryftes or chynkes with gralTe accordynge to the prefente neceffitie. Thus were they enforced 
 to returne backe ageyne lyke vnto men that came frome fliippcwrackc, beinge almod confumed with hunger, 
 bycaufe tlieyr \ytayles were vtterly dedroyed by ttmpede. Th[e]inhabitantes declared that there is harile all 
 the yeare horrible rorynge of the fea anionge thofe Uandes as odcn as it ryfethe or fauleth. But this mod 
 efpecially in thofe three monethes in the whic;h it is mode boyd[r]ious as Chiapes towlde Vafchus before: 
 Meanynge (as they coulde coniecture by his woordes) October, Nouember, and December: for he fignified the 
 prefent moone and the twoo nioones folowynge, countyngc the moonethes by the moones, whereas it was nowe 
 October. Here therefore refreffliyngc hym felfe and his fouldiers a whyle, and paffynge by one vnprofitable 
 kynge, he came to an other whofe name was Tumaccus, after the name of the region, beinge fituate on that fyde 
 
The thyyde Decade. 
 
 141 
 
 of the goiilfe. This Tumaccus came foorth ageynfte owre men as dyd the other, and with lyke fortune. For 
 he was ouercoome, dryuen to flyght, and many of his men flayne. He hym felfe was alfo fore wounded, but 
 yet efcaped. Vafchus fcnt certeync mcfrungcrs of the Chiapeans to hym to returnc, and not to bee afrayde. 
 But lie could be nothyng moued nether by promyffes nor threateningcs. Yet when the mcffengers were inflant, 
 and ceaffed not to threaten death to him and his famely, with the vtter defolation of his kyngedome if he 
 perfifled in tl.at obflinacie, at the length, he fcnt his foonne with them ; whom Vafchus honorably entertcyninge, 
 apparclinge h)'m gorgioufly and gyuing ]i)'m many gyftcs, fcnt hym to his father, wyllynge hym to perfuadc 
 hym of the puiffaunce, munificence, liberalitie, humanitie, and clemencie of owre men. Tumaccus bcinge 
 mooued by this gentelncs declared toward his fonne, came with him the th}Tde day, bryngynge nothynge with 
 hym at that tyme. But after that he knewe that owre men defyred goulde and pearles, he fent for fyxe 
 hundreth and. xiiii. Pefos of golde, and two hundreth and fortie of the Liggefl and fayreft perles befyde a great 
 number of the fmaulefl forte. Owre men marucyled at the byggencs and fayrenes of thefe perles although they 
 were not perfectely whyte bycaufe they take thejm not owte of the fea mufculs exccpte they fyrfl rod them, 
 that they may th[e]efelyer open them felfe, and alfo that the fjfllie nia)e haue the better tafle, wliiche they 
 efleeme fur a delicate and princely dyfflie, and fet more thereby then b)' the perles them felues. Of thefe 
 thynges 1 was enformed of one Arbohiutius beinge one of Vafchus coompanions whom he fent to the kyng 
 with manye perles and certeyne of tliofe fea mufculs. But when Tumaccus fawe that owre men foo greatly 
 regarded the bewtie of the perles, he comniaunded certeyne of his men to prepare them felues to goo a 
 fyffliynge for perles. Who dei^artinge, came ageyne within foure dayes, bringynge with them twelue pouiide 
 weight of orient perles after eight ounces to the pounde. Thus reioyfinge on bothe parties, they embrafed and 
 made a league of continual I frendefliippe. Tumaccus thought him felfe happie that he had prefented owre men 
 with fuch thankeful gyftes and was admitted to theyr frendfliippe: and owre men thinkynge them felues happie 
 and bleffed that they had founde fuche tokens of great ryches, fwalo\ved downe theyr fpettle for thyrfle. At 
 all thefe doinges, kynge Chiafcs was prefent as a wytnes and coompanion. He alfo reioyfed not a lyttle, afwell 
 that by his conductinge he fiiwe that owre men fliulde be fatiffied of theyr defyre, as alfo that by this meanes 
 he had declared to the next kynge his bortherer and enemie, what frendes he had of owre men, by whofe ayde 
 he myght lyue in quyetnes and bee reuenged of his aduerfarie if neede fliulde foo requyrc. For (as wee haue 
 fayde) thefe naked kynges infefle theim felues with greuous warres onely for ambition and defyre to rule. 
 Vafchus bofleth in his epiflell, that he lemed certeyne maruelous fecreates of Tumacais hym felfe as concernynge 
 the greate ryches of this lande: whcrof(as he fayth) he woold vtter nothyng at this prefente, for afmuche as 
 Tumaccus toulde it him in his eare. But he was enformed of bothe the k)nges, that there is an Ilande in that 
 goulfe, greater then any of the other, liauing in it but onely one k)iige, and hym of foo great poure, that at 
 fuche tymes of the yeare as the fea is caulme, he inuadethe thoyr dominions with a greate nauie of Cukhas, 
 fpoyling and caryinge a way for a praye, all that he meeteth. This Hand is didant from thefe coaftes, onely 
 twentie myles : Soo that the promontories or poyntes therof rechyng into the fea, may bee feene from the hylles 
 of this Continent. In the fea nere about this Ilande, fea mufculs are cugendred of fuch quantitie, that many 
 of them are as brode as buckelers. In thefe are per' ;s founde (beinge the liartes of thofe fliell fyfflies) often 
 tymes as b)gge as beanes, fumtymes bygger then olyues and fuch as fumptuous Cleofafra myght haue defyred. 
 Althoiighc this Ilande bee foo nere to the fliore of this firnie lande, yet is the begynnyng therof in the mayne 
 fea without the mouth of the goulfe. Vafchus beinge ioyfuU and inery with this rych communication, fantafinge 
 nowe in maner nothing but princes treafures, beganne to fpeake fierce and cruell woordes ageynfl the tyranne 
 of that Ilande, meanyng hereby too woonne the myndes of the other kynges, and bynde them to hym willi a 
 nearer bonde of frendefliip. Yet therfore raylynge further on hym with fpytefull and opprobrious woordes, he 
 fwore great othes that he woolde furthwith inuade the Ilande, fpoylynge, dellro)inge, burnynge, drownynge, 
 and hangynge, fparinge neyther fwoorde nor fjre, vntyll he hadde reuenged theyr iniurics: And therwith 
 commaunded his Cukhas to bee in a redynes. But the twoo kynges Chiafcs and Tumaccus, exhorted hym 
 frendly to deferre this enterprife vntyll a more quiete feafon, bycaufe that fea was not nauigable withowte 
 greate daungi.'r, beinge nowe the begynnynge of Nouember. Wherin the kynges feemed to faye trewe. For 
 as Vafchus hym felfe wryteth, great roryng of the fea was harde amonge the Ilandes of the goulfe liy reafon of 
 the raginge and contlicte of the water. Great ryuers alfo defcendiiig from the toppes of the mountaynes the 
 fame time of the yeare, and ouerflowyng theyr bankes, dryuyng downe with theyr vyolence greate rockes and 
 trees, make a marueylous noyfe. Lykewife the furie of the South and Northeaft wyndes, affociate with mder 
 and lyghtnynge at the fame feafon, dyd greatly molefte them. Whyle the wether was fayre they were vexed 
 in the night with could: and in the day time, the heate of the fonne troubled them: wherof it is noo maruaile, 
 forafmuche js they were neare vnto the Equinoctiall lyne, although they make noo mention of the eleuation of 
 the pole. For in fuch regions, in the nyght, the mone and other coulde pianettes : but in the daye, the foone 
 and other hotte pianettes, doo chiefely exercife theyr influence: Althowghe the antiquitie were of an other 
 
 Kynge Tumaccus 
 is driucu to lly^lit. 
 
 Ooldc .ind perlc: 
 
 Musculs of lhcse.1. 
 
 Fyssliylis fi>r 
 pcrlcs. 
 
 xii poutKic wcytjlil 
 of perles. 
 
 The thyrst uf 
 golde. 
 
 Ambition .iniongc 
 n:ilieJ men. 
 
 This Il.-inde is 
 caulcd M-irgaritca 
 I >iucs, or Ditcs. 
 A kynge of gre.Ue 
 pourc. 
 
 Iligge perles. 
 
 Cleopatra, queene 
 of Kgypt rcsolucil 
 a pearle in vineger 
 and drunke it, 
 price. V. thon>iande 
 pounde of owr 
 mony. 
 
 The tierccnes of 
 V.ischus. 
 
 94 
 
 Orent ryiicrs 
 faiilyiiK from 
 inouniiiyiics. 
 
 Tlmmler ami 
 lytjlunynge in 
 N'niL-iiil)cr. 
 
 CoKle in thcny^hl 
 Here I he 
 litiuiiioctiul. 
 
 1:1 
 
 ! ' 
 
 I r 
 
 
 
 
I 
 
 ... ., ,mnT"'^W*ff^ '*^^ " 
 
 142 
 
 The thyrde Decade. 
 
 181^ I 
 
 i 
 
 Habitable regions 
 vnJer the 
 Equiiioctiall lync. 
 
 The natiuitations 
 [? iiauigatiuns] of 
 the Portingales 
 towarde llie southe' 
 pole. 
 
 Antipodes. 
 He iiicaneth S. 
 Augustine and 
 l.actanlius. 
 
 The starrcs abt)utt 
 the soulhe pole. 
 
 Lnctea 5 
 
 A siniyjitude 
 
 declaryngc 
 
 Antipodes. 
 
 opinion, fuppofinge the Equinoctiall circle to bee vnhabitable and defolate by reafon of the heate of the foonne 
 hailing'^ his courfe perpendicukrly or directly oucr the fame: except a fcwe of the contrary opinion, whofe 
 aflertions the Portugalcs haue at thefe dayes by experience proued to bee trewe. For they faile yearely to 
 th[c]inhabitantes of the fouth pole, being in maner Antipodes to the people cauled Hypciborei vnder the North 
 pole, and e.xercife marchaundies with them. And here haue I named Antipodes, forafmuch as I am not 
 ignorant that there hath byn men of fmgular witte and great lernyng, which haue denyed that there is Antipodes: 
 that is, fuch as walke feete to feete. But it is mod certeyne, that it is not gyuen to anye one man to knowe all 
 thynges. For euen they alfo were men: whofe propertie is to erre and bee deceauetl in many thynges. 
 Neuertheleffe, the Portugales of owre tyme haue fayled to the fyue and fyftie degree of the fouth pole: Where, 
 coompafuige abowte tlie poynt thereof, they m}ght fee througliowte al the heauen about the fame, certeyne 
 Ihynynge «hyte cloudes here and there anionge the ilarres, lyke vnto theym whiche are feene in the tracte of 
 heauen cauled Lailea via, that is, the mylke whyte waye. They fa)-, there is noo notable Rarre neare about 
 tliat i)ole lyke vnto this of owres which the common people thynke to bee the pole it felfe (cauled of the 
 Italians Traiiwntana, and of the Si)anyardes Nortes) but that the fame fauleth benethe the Ocean. When the 
 fonne defcendeth from the myddelle of the exiltree of the woorkle frome vs, it ryfethe to them, as a payre of 
 balances whofe weyght inclynynge from the equall poyfe in the myddeft towarde ey*:her of the fydes, caufeth 
 the one ende to ryfe as much as the other fauleth. \Vhen therefore it is autumne with vs, it is fprynge tyme 
 with them : .\nd fummur with vs wlien it is wynter with them. But it fuffifeth to haue fayde thus much of 
 (Irange matters. Let \s now tlierfore returne to the hiflorie and to owre men. 
 
 CL The seconde booke of the thyrde Decade. 
 
 The m.iner of 
 fysshyiige for 
 perles. 
 
 Thre kintlL-s of 
 perk'S. 
 
 95 
 
 Dyiiers qiicstiotis 
 as concernynge 
 pcrles 
 
 Pctrus arias 
 
 Wanton and 
 
 stipcrlhiouii 
 
 Iilcasiircs. 
 
 Cleopatra. 
 
 Asopus. 
 
 
 ^^:mm 
 
 Afcliiis by th[e]aduice of kynge Chiapes and Tiimaceiis, determyned to defer, e his vyage to the 
 fa)de llande vntyll the nexte fprynge or fummer, at which tyme Chiapes offered hym felfe to 
 accoompany owre men and ayde them therin all that he myght. In this meane tyme Vafchus 
 had knowleage that thefe kynges had nettes and fyffliynge places in certeyne Rations of that 
 fea nere vnto tlie fhore, where they were accuflomed to fydie for fea miifculs in the which 
 perles are engendred: And that for this puri)ofe they had certeyne dyuers or fyffhers 
 exercifed frome theyr youthe in fwymmynge vnder the water. But they doo this onely at 
 certeyne tymes when the fea is calme, that they m.ay th[e]efelyer coome to the place where thefe fliell fyfhes 
 are woonte to lye. For the bygger that iney are, foo much ly they the deaper and nerer to the bottome. But 
 the leffer, as it were dowghters to the other, are nerer the bryme of the water. Lykewyfe the leafle of all, as it 
 were their niefes, are yet nearer to the fuperficiall parte therof Too them of the byggede forte whiche lye 
 lowefle, the fyffliers defcende the depthe of three mens heyglit, and fumtyme foure. But to the doughters or niefes 
 as their fuccellion, they defcend onelye to the mydde tliygh. Sumtymes alfo, after that the fea hathe byn 
 difiiuyeted with vehemente tempeftes, they fynde a greate multytude of thefe fyfflies on the fandes, beyng dryuen 
 to the fliore by the vyolence of the water. The perles of thefe whiche are founde on the fande, are but lytle. 
 U'he fifflie it felfe, is more pleafaunte in eatynge then are owre oyfters as owre men report. But perhappes 
 hunger the fweete faufe of all meates, caufed owre men foo too thynke. Whether perles bee the hartes of fea 
 mufculs (as AriRotell fuppofed) or the byrthe or fpaune of there intrals (as Plinye thought) Or whether they 
 cleaue contynually to the rockes, or wander by coompanies in the fea by the guydinge of th[e]elden.e : Whether 
 euerye fyffhe brynge foorthe one perle or more, at one byrthe or at dyuers : Alfo whether theye bee fyled frome 
 the rockes wherunto theye cleaue, or maye bee eafylye pulled awaye, or otherwyfe faule of by them felues when 
 theye are coomme to there full grouth : Lykewyfe whciher perles bee harde within the Ihelle or fofte, owre men 
 haue as yet noo certayne experyence. But I trufle or it bee longe, too knowe the truth hereof For owre men 
 are euen nowe in hande with the matter, Alfo, as foone as I fliall bee aduertyfed of the arryuall o{ Petrtis Arias 
 the capytayne of owre men, I wyll defyre hj-m by my letters to make diligent fearche for thefe thynges, and 
 certifye me therof in all poyntes. I knowe that he wyll not bee flacke or omytte any thynge herein. For he is 
 my verye frende : and one that taketh greate pleafure in confyderynge the woorkes of nature. And furelye it 
 feemeth vnto me vndecente, that wee flioulde with fylence ouerflyppe fo greate a thynge whiche afwell in the 
 owlde tyme as in owre dayes, hathe, and yet doothe, drawe bothe men and women to emmoderate defyre of 
 fuperfluous pleafure. Spayne therefore flialbe able hereafter with perles to fatiffie the gredye appetite of fuche 
 as in wanton pleafures are lyke vnto Cleopatra and Afopiis So that frome henfforth we flial neyther enuye nor 
 
The thyrde Decade. 
 
 143 
 
 reuerence the nyfe frutefulnes of Stoiditm, or Tapiobana, or the reckle fea. But lette vs nowe returne to owrc 
 purpofe. Vafchiis therfore detfrmhied with the fyflhers of Cliiapcs to proue what myght bee doone in his fyflie 
 pooles or Rations of fea mufcules. Chiapcs to fliewe hym fclfe obeiliente to Vafchus his requefle, ahhough tlie 
 fea were boyfl[r]yous, coomniaunded thirtye of his fyffliers to prepare them felfes and to reforte to the fyflhinge 
 places. Vafchus fente onelye fyxe of his men with them to beeliolde them frome the fea bankes, but not to 
 coommitte them felues to the dauiiger of the fea. The fyffliynge place was diflante frome the palayce of Chiapes 
 aboute tenne niyles. They durRe not aduenture to dyue to the bcttome by reafon of the furje of the fea. Yet 
 of the mufcules whiche !ye hyghefl, and of fuchc as were dryuen to the (liore by the vyolence of the water, theye 
 broughte fyxe greate farthels in the fpace of a fewe dayes. The perles of thefe were but lyttle, aboute the bygnes 
 of fmaule fytches: yet verye fayre and bewtyfull, by reafon theye were taken ncwely owte of the fyfflie, beinge 
 yet rawe. And that they fliulde not bee reproueil of lyinge as concerninge the bignes of thefe fea mufculs, they 
 fente many of them into Spaym. to the kynge with the i)erles, the fyflhe beynge taken owte. Wee thinke verily 
 that there maye in noo place bygger bee founde. Thefe (helle fyflhes therfore beynge thus founde here in foo 
 manye places in that fea, and gold in maner in euery houfe, doo argue the ryche treafurye of nature too bee hyd 
 in thofe coafl.es, forafmuche as fuchc greate ryches haue byn founde as it were in the lytic fynger uf a giantes 
 hande. What then maye wee thynke of the hole hande of the gyante (for hetherto theye haue onely bynne in 
 hande with the confynes of Vrabd) when the) e fliall haue thorowly fearched all the coaRes and fecreates of the 
 inner partes of all that large lande. But Vafchus contented with thefe fygnes and ioyfuU of his good fucceffe in 
 thefe enterprifes, determined by an other waye to returne to his felowes in Daricita, where alfo, they haue golde 
 mynes aboute tenne myles from the village. He gaue therfore kyng Chiapes leaiie to depart, and to folowe 
 hym noo further: Confailyng hym to continue faythfuU to the chriRian kynge his lorde and maiRer. Thus 
 embrafinge the one the other, and ioyninge handes, Chiapes departed, with teares declaring the good mynde 
 which he bore to owre men. Vafchus leaning his ficke men with Chiapes, went forward on his iourney with the 
 refydue, hauinge alfo with him for guydes three of Chiapes maryners. He conueyghed his armye ouer a greate 
 ryuer into the dominion of a certeine kynge cauled Teaocha : who beinge aduertifed of the coommyng of owre 
 men, of whofe famous actes he had harde muche before, was verye gladde therof and enterteyned them 
 honorably : So that for a token of his frendely affection towarde them, he gaue Vafchus twentie poundes weyght 
 of wrought golde after eyght ounces to the pounde: Alfo twoo hundreth bigge perles: but not fayre, by reafon 
 they were taken owt of the mufculs after they had byn fodden. After they had ioyned handes, Vafchus 
 recompenfed hym with ccrteyne of owre thynges. Lykewife rewardynge his guydes the feruantes of Chiapes, he 
 difmiffed them with commendations to theyr lord. Kyng Teaocha at the departure of owr men from his palaice, 
 dyd not onely appoint them guydes to conduct them in the way, but alfo gaue them certeyne flaues in the 
 Reede of beaRes to cary theyr vytayles, bycaufe they fliulde pafle throwgh many defertes, baren and rowgh 
 mountaynes and terrible wooddes full of tygers and Lions. He fent alfo one of his fonnes with thefe flaues, 
 ladynge them with falted and dryed fyflie, and brcade of thofe regions, made of the rootes of Maizium and lucca. 
 He alfo commaunded his fonne not to depart from owr men vntyl he were licenced by Vafchus. By theyr 
 conductinge therfore, Vafchus came to the dominion of an other kyng whofe name was Pacia, a cruell tyranne, 
 fearefuU to the other kynges his bortherers, and of greater poure then any of them. This tyran, whether it 
 were that his giltie confcience for his mifcheuous actes, put him in feare that owre menne wookle reuenge the 
 fame, or that he thought hym felfe inferior to refiR them, fled at theyr commynge. Vafchus wryteth that in thefe 
 regions in the mooneth of Nouember he was fore afflicted with greate heate and intollerable thirR, by reafon 
 that fyde of the mountaynes hath lyttle water : In foo muche that they were in daunger to haue perifflied but 
 that certeyne of th[e]inhabitants fliewed them of a fprynge which was in the fecreate place of a woodde, whither 
 Vafchus with all fpeade fent twoo quycke and Rronge younge men of his coompanions with theyr gourdes and 
 fuche water veffelles as Teaocha his msn browghte with them. Of th[e]inhabitantes, there durR none depart 
 from there coompany bycaufe the wylde beaRes doo foone inuade naked men. For in thofe mountaynes, and 
 efpecially in the wooddes neare vnto the fpringe, they faye that they are fumtymes taken owte of there houfes in 
 the nyght, excepte they take good heede that the doores bee well fparde. It fliall not bee frome my purpofe 
 here to declare a particular chaunce before I enter any further in this matter. The)e faye therfore that the 
 laRe yeare the regyon of Dariena was noo lefle infefled and trowbeled with a fierfe tyger, then was Calidonia in 
 tyme paRe with a wylde bore, and Nemca with a horrible lyon. For they aflyrme that for the fpace of fyxe hole 
 moonethes there pafled not one n)ghte withowte fumme hurte doone: foo that it kylled nyghtlye eyther a 
 buUocke, a mare, a dogge, or a hogge, fumtimes euen in the highe wayes of the village. For owre men haue 
 nowe greate heardes of cattayle in thofe regions. They fay alfo that when this tyger had whelpes, noo man 
 myght fafelye goo furthe of his doores, bycaufe fliee fpared not men if fliee mette fyrRe with them. But at the 
 lengeth, neceflitye enforced them to inuente a policye howe they myght bee reuenged of fuche bludflied. 
 Searchynge therfore dilygently her footeReppes, and folowynge the pathe wherbye fliee was accuRomed in the 
 
 Stoitlum. 
 Tnprobana. 
 
 The fy?.sliing place 
 of king Cliiupcii. 
 
 Golde ui maner in 
 eucry house. 
 The ryche 
 treasurye df 
 nature. 
 
 The golde myncs 
 of Darieua* 
 
 96 
 
 Kynge TciocIki 
 ciitcrteyrielh 
 Vaschus frcntielyc. 
 Twentye pounde 
 weight of wroughtc 
 golde. 
 
 Deserlos full of 
 wylde beastcs. 
 
 Drycd fysshe 
 
 Kynge Pacra 
 a tyranne. 
 
 Create hcatc In 
 the [iKincthe <.•!' 
 Nouember. 
 
 Hurte by wylde 
 beastcs. 
 
 A tyger. 
 Calydonia is a 
 forestc in 
 Scot lande. 
 Neniea is a woddc 
 in Greece. 
 
 Tigers whclpes. 
 
 Thus the Egintiaiis 
 takf Crocodilcb. 
 
 1 M 
 
 M.I 
 
 ;l 
 
 ■f. 'l.t 
 
 I 
 
 iJ 
 
 i 
 
 W 
 
 I 
 
...1 
 
 144 
 
 The tliyyde Decade. 
 
 "\ 
 
 Thedoggc tyger 
 
 taken. 
 
 The roryngc ui* 
 
 the lygcr. 
 
 Tigers flesli calcn. 
 
 97 
 
 The bitclie tygcr, 
 Tigcfit whelpes. 
 
 Astraungethyiigc. 
 
 Kynge Pacra 
 
 Nalurall haired 
 of vyce. 
 
 Foure kiiigcs 
 deuoured of 
 doggcs. 
 
 'Hie v^c nf (Jiy^cs 
 in w.irre aguiiist 
 naked men. 
 
 The Canylialcs:.»c 
 cxpcrtc archers. 
 
 Swonrdes of 
 woodde. 
 
 Fiftie poiinde 
 Weyght of goldc. 
 
 98 
 
 nyght fcafon to wander owte of her denne to feeke lier praye, theye made a grcate trenflie or pytte in her walke, 
 coucringe the fame witii hiirdels wheivppon they cade parte of the earthe and difperfcd the refydiie. The 
 dogge tyger cliaunfed fyrfte into this pitfaiil, and fel vppon the poyntes of fliarpe (lakes and futlie other ingens 
 as were of imrpofe fyxed in tlie bottonie of the trenflie. Be) nge thus wounded, he rored foo terrybly, that it 
 grated the bowels of fuche as harde hym, and the wooddes and montaynes neare aboute, rebounded the noyfe 
 of the horryble crye. When tliey perceaued that he was layde faflc, they reforteil to the trenflie and flewe hym 
 with (lones, daites, and pykes. \Vith his teethe and clawes, he broke the dartes into a thoufande chyppes- 
 IJeynge yet deade, he was fearefull to all fuche as behelde hym: wliat then tiiinke you he woolde haue doone 
 beynge alyue and loofe. One loluinnes Lutifma of Ciuile, a nere frynde to / 'aj'ihiis and one of his coompanyons 
 of his trauayles, toulde me that he hym felfe dyd eate of the fleflie of that tiger: and that it was nothinge inferyor 
 to biefe in goodnes. Beynge demaunded howe they knewe hit to bee a tyger forafinuche as none of them had euer 
 feciie a tyger, they anfwered tliat they knewe hit by the fpottes, fiercenes, agilitje, and fluhe other markes and 
 token wlierby the anciente writers haue defcribed the tiger. For fum of them, had before tyme feene other 
 fpotted wilde beafles, as Ijbardes and panthers. The dogge tiger beynge thus kylled, theye folowyngc the 
 trafe of his fl.eppes towarde the mountaines, came to the denne where the bytche remayned with her twoo 
 youn!;e fuckynge whelpes. But fliee was not in the denne at there coommynge. Theye fyrn,e caryed awaye 
 the whelpes with them. But afterwarde fearynge leafle they Ibulde dye bycaufe theye were very younge, 
 entendynge when they were bygger to fende them into Spayne, they put cheynes of yren aboute there neckes, 
 and caryed them agayne to there denne: whither returnynge within a fewe da)es after, they founde the denne 
 emptye and the chejnes not remoued frome there place. Theye fuppofe that the damme in her furye tore 
 them in pyeces and caryed them awaye, lefle anye fliulde haue the fruition of them. For theye playnely 
 affirme that it was not poffible that they fliulde bee loofed frome the chaynes alyue. The Ikyiine of the deade 
 tyger fl.uffed with drye herbes and flrawe, they fente to Hifpaniola to the admyrall and other of the chiefe 
 rulers frome whome the newe landes receyue there lawes and fuccoure. It fliall at this tyme fuffyce to haue 
 written thus much of the t>gers, as I haue lerned b)- the reporte of them whiche bothe fufleyned domage by 
 there rauen)nge, and alfo handelcd the fkynne of that whiche was flayne. Let vs nowe therfore returne to 
 kynge Pacta frome whome wee haue digreffed. When Vajclius had entred into the houfes forfaken of Pacra, 
 he fente meffengiers to reconcyle hym as he had doone the other kinges. At the firfl he refufed to coomme. 
 But after threatenyiiges, he came with three other kynges in his coompanye. Vafchtis writethe that he neuer 
 fawe a more monflrous and deformed creature : And that nature hath onely gyuen hym humane fliape, and 
 otherwyfe to bee worfe then a brute beafle, with maners accordynge to the linyamentes of his bodye. He 
 abufed with mode abhominable lechery the doughters of foure kynges his bortherers frome whome hee had 
 taken them by vyolence. Of the fylthye behauoure of Pacra, of his cnieltye and iniuryes doone by hym, many 
 of the other kynges made greuous coomplayntes to Vafchus as vnto a hygh ludge and iufle reuenger: Mofle 
 humblye befechyng hym to fee fuche thynges punyfflied, forafmuche as theye tooke hym for a man fente of goil 
 for that purpofe. Herevppon Vafchus afwell to wynne their good wyllcs, as alfo too fliewe an exemple of 
 terroure to fuclie as vfed lyke faffliions, coommaunded that this monflrous beafl.e with the other three kynges 
 whiche were fubiecte to hym and of lyke conditions, fliulde bee geuen for a praye to his fejghtinge dogges, and 
 their tome carkefes to bee burned. Of thefe dogges whiche theye vfe in the warres, theye tell maruelous thynges. 
 For theye faye that theye ruiine vppon tli[e]iniiabitantes armed after there maner, with noo leffe fiercenes then 
 if theye were hartes or wjlde bores, if the Sjjaniardes doo but onely poynte towarde them with their fyngers: 
 In foo muche that oftentymes they haue had no neede too (ir}ue their enemyes too flyght with fwoordes or 
 arrowes : But haue doone the fame onely with dogges placed in the forefronte of their battajle, and lettynge 
 them flyppe with their watche woorde and priuye token. Wheruppon the barbaryans flryken with feare by 
 reafon of the cruell countenaunces of tl>e maflies, with their defperate bouldenes and vnaccuflomed houlynge 
 and barkynge, haue difparcled at the fyrfle onfette and broke their arraye. Yet it chaunfeth other^vyfe when 
 theye haue anye conflicte agaynft, the Ca-'ibales and the people of Caramairi. For thefe are fyerfer, and more 
 warrelyke men: Alfo fo e.xperte arche[r]s, that theye can mofle certenlye dyrect their venemous arrowes againft 
 the dogges with fuche celeritye as if theye were thunderboltes : By reafon wherof, they fumtymes kyl many of them. 
 Tii[e]inhabytantes of thefe montaynes, doo not keepe warre with bowes and arrowes : But vfe onelye Alachanis, 
 that is certayne longe and broude fwordes made of woodde : Alfo flynges, longe pykes and dartes hardened at the 
 endes with fyere. Whyle kynge Pacra yet lyued, noo man coulde knowe of hym neythcr by fayre meanes nor 
 b)- foule, where he had the golde whiche was founde in his houfe. For owre men founde in his iewel houfe fyftye 
 poundes weygtit of golde. Beynge therfore demaunded where he had it, he anfwered that they whiche gathered 
 the fame in tliofe montaynes in his fathers dayes, were all deade : And that fenfe he was a chylde, he neuer 
 efleemed golde more then (loones. More then this, theye coulde not gette of hym. By this feuere punyfliment 
 executed vppon Pacra, Vafchus concyled vnto hym the myndes of all the other kynges of that prouynce. And 
 
 '44 
 
The tityrde Decade, 
 
 145 
 
 by this ineanes it came too pafle, that when he fente for the fycke men whiche lie Icftc bchynde hyni with kyngc 
 Chiapes, an other kynge whiclie was in tiie myddc waye (whofc name was Bononiama) enterteyned them 
 gentellye, and gaue them. xx. pounde weyght of pure wrought golde, befyde great plcntyc of vyttayles. And 
 not this onely, but alfo accoompanyed them hym felfe vntyll he had brought tliem (lifely frome his palaice into 
 the domynyon oi Pacra: Where takyngo echo of them by tho ryghte handes, he delyuered them to WifJins hym 
 felfe, as a faythefuU pledge commyttcd too his charge, and therewith fpakc to I'lifduis in this cffecte. iMoolle 
 myghtye and valyauntc vyctourer, bcholde I here delyuer vnto yowe, yowre coonipanions in fuche plight as I 
 receaued them: wiffliynge that I had byn afwell able to gyue them healthe, as they were hertcly welcoome to 
 fuche pore entcrteyncmcnt as I was able to (licve them. For the fauoure and gcntclneffe whiche I haue founde 
 bothe in yowe and them, he fliall rcwarde yowe whiche fondclh thunderynge and lygluclyng to the <lelliuction 
 of rayfcheuous men, and of his clemencyc giueth vnto good men pleiitie of Imca and Maiziiim in dewe feafon. 
 As he fpake thefe woordes, he lyfted \ppe his handes and eyes towardc the foonne whome they honoure for god. 
 Then he fpake further to Vafc/tus, fayinge: In that yowe haue dellrryed and flaine owre \yolent and proude 
 enemies, yowe haue browght peace and quyetneffe to vs and owre fainel}es, and bounde vs for euer to loue and 
 obeye yowe. Yowe haue foo ouercoome and tamed wylde monftcrs, that wee thynke yowe to bee fente from 
 heauen for the punyfliement of euyll men and defence of innocentes, that vnder the protection of yowre myghtye 
 fwoorde, wee maye hereafter leade owre lyiies withowte feare, and with more (juictneffe gyue thankes to the 
 giuer of all good thinges for his mcrcic fliewod vnto vs in this behalfe. When th[e]interpretoure had toulde 
 Vafchus that kyng Bononiama had fayde thefe woordes, and fuche lyke, Vafchiis rendered hym lyke thankes for 
 his humanityc declared towarde owre men, and rewarded hym as he had doone other in whome he founde lyke 
 gentilnefle. Vafchus wryteth that he lerned manye thynges of this k)nge as conccrnynge the greate rychefle of 
 thefe regions : But that he woolde at this prefent fpeake nothynge therof : And reherfethe the fame as thynges 
 lyke to haue good fucceffe. What this implicate Hipcd<ole, or aduauncement mcaneth, I doo not well 
 vnderftande. But he playnely feemeth hereby to promyffe many greate thynges. And furely it is to be thought 
 that accord ynge to his hope, great riches maye bee looked for. For they came in maner into none (>f 
 th[e]inhabytauntes houfes, but that they found in them, eyther brefteplates or curettes of golde, or elles golden 
 ouches, iewels, or garlandes to weare aboute there heades, neckes, or amies, I coniccture therfore thus by a 
 fymilitude of owre houfes : If amonge vs any man of great poure were moued with the defyre to haue great plentye 
 of Iron, and woolde enter into Italye with a mayne force as dyd the Gothes in tyme pafle, what abundaunce of 
 Iron (houlde he haue in their houfes; where as he fliulde fynde in one place a friyngpan, in an other a chauldron, 
 here a tryuet, and there a fpytte, and thefe in maner in euery pore manncs houfe, with fuche other innumerable : 
 Whereby any man maye coniecture that Iren is plentifully engendred in fuche regions where they haue foo 
 greate vfe therof Owre men alfo perceaued that th[e]inhabytantes of thefe regions do no more efleeme golde 
 then we do Iren; nor yet foo muche after they fawe to whnt vfe Iren ferued vs. Thus muche haue I thoughte 
 good to write too yowre holyneffe of fuche thynges as I haue gathered owte of the letters of Vafchus Nunitcz, 
 and learned by woorde of mouthe of fuch as were his conipanyons in thefe afiayTcs. As wee receyue them, fo 
 wee gyue them vnto yowe. Tyme which reueletli all fecretes, fliall hereafter mynyfler larger argument of 
 wrytynge. Tlieye coulde at this tyme doo no greate thynge in fearchynge the golde mynes, forafmuche as of a 
 hundreth fourefcore and tenne mtn whiche Vafchus broughtc with hym from Daricna, there reniayned onely 
 threefcore and ten, or at the mofl fourefcore, whofe ayde he nowe vfed in thefe daungerous aduentures, leauynge 
 euer the crafed men behynd hym in the kynges houfes all the waye that lie went. But they moofle efjiecially fell 
 into fundrye difeafes, whiche came lately from Hifpaniola. For they were not able to abyde fuche calamities 
 as to lyue onely contented with the breade of thofe regions, and wylde herbes without falte, drinkinge none 
 other then ryuer water, and that oftentimes eyther lackinge or vnwholfome, where as before their flomakes had 
 byn vfed to good meates. But the owlde fouldiours oi Daricna, were hardened to abyde all forowes, and 
 exceadynge tollerable of labour, heate, hunger, and watchynge : In fo muche tha* merilye they make their boofle 
 that they haue obferued a longer and fliarper lent then euer yowre holineffe inioyned. For they faye that for the 
 fpace of foure hole yeares, they eate none other then herbes and frutes, excepte nowe and then perhappes fyflie, 
 and verye feldoome fleflie ; yea, and that fumtime for lacke of al thefe, they haue not abhorred from mangye 
 dogges and fylthy toades as wee haue fayde before. The owlde fouldiers of Dariena, I caule thofe whiche 
 fyrfle folowed the capytaynes Nicucfa and Fogcda to inhabyte the lande, of the whiche nowe fewe were lyuynge. 
 But lette vs nowe omytte thefe thynges, and retoume to Vafchus the victourer of the montaynes. 
 
 Kynge 
 llononiam.i. Trend? 
 to Ihc christians. 
 \Vriiiii;l)le goMc. 
 
 'i'tic or.ition of 
 kynge Dononiani.i 
 
 The sp.irke of the 
 I.iwc t)f nilttlre, is 
 the l.nwe written 
 iti the liartes uf 
 : lucll. 
 
 Ili*'irboU: 
 
 Great plenty of 
 golde. 
 
 A symilitude for 
 the prijfoof 
 ptcntyc of golde. 
 
 Iren more 
 estemed then 
 golde. 
 
 99 
 
 Chaungc of dyet 
 is daungerous. 
 
 Owlde souldlers. 
 A longe lent. 
 
 w 
 
 I 
 
 
 I '-i 
 
 3! 
 
 ^1 
 
 11 
 
 II 
 
 
 u 
 
 : \ 
 
 Bd*n. 
 
 «« 
 
146 
 
 The thyyde Decade. 
 
 ivin 
 
 T\vo|iourt;kyiigos. 
 Descries. 
 
 Kynge Buchebuca 
 Rubinytteih him 
 sctfe 
 
 V.^selsoftioldc 
 
 Kiiige Chiorisiis 
 scndeth Vascluis 
 xxx. dysshcs of 
 pure golde. 
 
 100 
 
 Axes of Iren more 
 esteni':d then any 
 gold 
 
 Superfluous and 
 
 effeinynate 
 
 pltsures 
 
 An excmple of the 
 lyfc of owrc fyrsi 
 parenlcs. 
 
 C The thyrde booke of the tiiyrde Decade. 
 
 Illcn Vafchiis had remained thirtye daycs in the palayce of kynge raaa, conLilynge vnto hyni 
 the niyndes of th[c]iiilKi!)itantes and prouidingc thyngc.s necelTaryc for his coonipanions, he 
 di'parted ironic 'hcnrc by the conductc of ccrtayne of kyngc TciU>cha his men, ;ind came too 
 the banki' of the' ryiar L\'mo;:;nis, wherof tlic region and king tlierof, are named by the fame 
 name, lie founde tlie f\des of thefe montayiies fo rude and b.iren, that there was notliinge 
 apte to bee eaten, ])nt « ilde rooles and certayne vn]pleafante friites of trees. Two kynges 
 beinge ncare of bkidde, inhabyted this infortiMUite region, wliiche Vafchus ouerpaffed with al 
 fpcede for feare of hunger. One of thefe poore kinges was named Cotochiis, and the other Ciuiiza. lie tooke them 
 bothe with hym to guyde h)ni in tlie waye, and difmjfTed Tiaocha his men with \) tayles and rcwardes. Thus 
 for the fpace of three dayes, he wandered througlie many deferte wooddes, craggye mountaynes, and muddy 
 maryfflies full of fuchc quamyrcs that men are oftentymes fwalowed vp in them if they lookc not the more warelye 
 to their fiete. Alfo through places not frequented with reforte of men, and fuche as nature had not yet opened 
 to their vfe, forafmuche as tli[e]iiihal)itantes liaue feldoonie entercourfe betwene them, but onely by fundrye 
 incurtions, the one to fpoyle and deftroje the other: lieynge otherwife contented to l)ue onely after the lawe of 
 nature, witliowte worldly toyle for fuperfluous pleafures. Thus enteringe at the lengthe into the territorye of 
 another k)nge whofe name was Biichcbnca, they founde all thynges \oyde and in filence: For the kynge and his 
 fubiectes, were all fledde to the w ouddes. \\'licu / ',i/c/iiis fente meflengers to fetche hym, he dyd not ontly at 
 the fyrde fubmytte hym felfe, but alfo promyd'e his ayde with all that he myghte make: Proteflynge furthermore, 
 that he fledde not for feare that owre men woolde doo hj'm any iniurie, but that he hyd hym felfe for verye fliame 
 and griefe of m)nde, for that he was not able to receyue them honorablye accordynge vnto their dignitye, bycaufe 
 his (lore of vitayles was confumed. Yet in a token of obedience and frendefliyppe, he fent owre men many 
 veffelles of golde, defyring them to accepte them as the gifte of a frind whofe good will wanted not in greater 
 thynges if his abilytye were greater. By whiche woordes the poore man feemed to infmuate that he had byn 
 robbed and otherwife cruelly handled of his bortherers. By reafon wherof, owre men were enforced to departe 
 from thenfe more hungerly then theye came. As theye wente forwarde therfore, they efpyed certeine naked 
 men coomminge downe from a hylle towarde them. Vafchus coommaunded his armye to flaye, and fente his 
 interpr jtours to them to knowe what they wold liaue. Then one of them to whom the other feemed to gyue 
 reuerence, fpake in this effect. Owre lorde and kinge C/iiori/us, greeteth yowe well : Wyllynge vs to declare 
 that he hath harde of yowre puifiaunce and vertue wherby yowe haue fubdued euell men and reuenged 
 the wronges doone to innocentes. For the whiche yowre noble factes and iuRyce, as he doothc honour 
 yowre fame, foo woolde he thinke him felfe mofle happye if he myght receiue yowe into his palaice. 
 Jiut, forafmuche as his fortune hath byn fo euell (as he iniputeth it) that beynge owte of yowre waye, yowe 
 haue ouerpaffed li)m, he hath fent yowe this golde in token of his good wyll and fryndfliyppe towarde 
 yow^e. And with thefe woordes he deliuered to Vafchus thirty diflhes of pure golde. Addynge here- 
 unto, that when fo euer it fluilde pleafe him to take the paynes to coomme to their kynge, he fliulde receyue 
 greater gyftes. He declared further, that a kynge whyche was their bortherer and niortall enemye, was very 
 ryche in golde : And that in fubduynge of hym they fliulde bothe obteine greate rychefle, and alfo delyuer them 
 from daylye vexations : whiche thinge myght eafilye be doone by their helpe bycaufe they knewe the countrey. 
 Vafchus put them in good coomforte, and gaue them for rewarde certayne Iren axes whiche they more 
 efleemed then greate heapes of golde. For they haue lyttell neede of golde, hauynge not th[e]ufe of peftiferous 
 money. But he that maye get but one axe or hatchet, thynketh hym felfe rycher then euer was Craffus. For 
 euen thefe naked men doo perceyue that an axe is neceffarye for a thoufande vfes : And confeffe that golde is 
 defyred onely for certayne vaine and effeminate pleafures, as a thyng whiche the lyfe of man maye lacke with- 
 owte any inconuenience. For o«Te glutteny and fuperfluous fumptuoufnefle hath not yet corrupted them : By 
 reafon wherof they take it for noo fliame to lacke cobardes of plate, where as the pride and wantonnes of owre 
 tyme dooeth in maner impute it to vs for ignominye to bee withowte that, wherof by nature we haue no neede. 
 But their contentation with the benefytes of nature doothe playnly declare that men may leade a free and happy 
 life withowt tables, table clothes, carpettes, napkyns, and towels, with fuche other innumerable wherof they 
 haue no vfe, excepte perhappes the kynges furiiiihe their tables with a fewe golden veffels. I'ut the common 
 l)co])le dryue awaye hunger widi a pyece of their breade in the one hande, and a piece of broylde fyflie or 
 
The thynie Decade. 
 
 147 
 
 fumme kyntlo of rruitc in the other hande. For they eate flenic but fuklome. When their fingers are imbrued 
 with any ounctuous incatcs, they wype them eytlicr on the foules of their feete, or on their thyghes, ye and 
 fumtynies on the Ikynnes of their priuye members in the fleede of a nappekynne. And for tliis cuife doo they 
 often tymes wafhe them feUics in the rjuers. Owre men therfore wente fc^rwarde laden with golde, but fore 
 aflhcted with hunger. 'I'hus they came at the length to the dominion of kynge Pocchorrofa who tledtle at their 
 coommynge. Here for the fpace of tliirtye dayes they fylled their emi)tye belhes with breade of the rootes of 
 ^[a^zium. In the nieane tyme I'afcluis fente for ro'chorrofa: who beynge alhired with promiffes and fayre 
 woordes, came and fuljmytted liym felfc bryngingf with hym for a prefent. xv. poundes weighte of wrought 
 golde, and a fewe llaues. Wifchus rewarded hym as he had doone ollur before. When he was mynded to 
 depart, he was aduertifed that he fliulde ])al'fc through the dominion of a certayne kynge wliofe name was 
 Tiimanama. This is hee whome the foonne of kynge Comof^nis declared to bee of foo great poure and fearefull 
 to all his bortherers, and with whom many of Comogrus familyers had byn captyue. But owre men nowc pcr- 
 ceiued that they meafureil his |)oure by their ownc. For their kinges are but gnattes compared to elephantes, 
 in refpecte to the poure and poUicje of owre men. Owre men were alfo enformed by fuche as dwelte neare 
 aboute Tumanaiim, that his region was not beyonde the montaynes as they fuppofed ; Nor yet fo ryche in golde 
 as younge Comogrus had declared. Yet confulted they of his fubduyng: whiche they thoughte they myght 
 th[e]eanyer brynge to pafle bycaufe JWchorrofa was his mortall enemyo, who mode gladly promyfed them his 
 aduice and ayde herein. Vafihiis therfore, leauynge his f)- ke men in the vyllage of J'Oii/ionofii, tooke with 
 hym threfcore of his mofle valiante fouldiers, and declared vnto them howe kynge Tiimanaina had oftcntymes 
 fpoken proude and threatnyng woordes ageynfle them ; Lykewife that it nowe (loode them in hande of 
 neceffitye to paffe through his dominion : And that he thought is befle to fette vppon hym vnwares. The fouldiers 
 confented to his aduice, and e.\horted him to gyue th[e]aduenture, promifmge that they woolde folowe hym 
 whether fo euer he wente. They determined therfore to go two dayes iorney in one daye, that Titmanama not 
 knouynge of their fooden conunyng, myght haue no leafure to affemble an armye. The thynge came to paffev 
 enen as they had deuyfed. I'or in the fyrfle watche of the nyght, owre men with the Poaiiorrojiaiis, inuaded 
 the vyllage and palaice of 'J'limaihima, where they tooke hym prifoner fLifjiectynge nothinge lefTe. He had with 
 hym two younge men whiche he abufed vnnaturally : Alfo fourfcore women which he had taken vyolently from 
 dyuers kynges. Lykewife a greate number of his gentelmen and fubiectes were taken (Iragelynge in other 
 vyllages neare aboute his palaice. For their houfes are not adherent togither as owres bee, b) caufe they are 
 oftentimes troubeled with vehement whirlewyndes by reafon of the fudden chaunges and motions of the ayre 
 caufed by the influence of tiie planetes in the equalitie of the daye and nyght beynge there in maner bothe of 
 one lengthe throughowte all the yeare, forafmuche as they are neare vnto the Equinoctiall lyne as we haue fa)(le 
 before. Their houfes are made of trees, couered and after their maner thetched with the ftalkes of certa) ne 
 towghe herbcs. To the palayce of Tumanama, was onely one houfe adherent, and that euen as bygge as the 
 palayce it felfe. Eyther of thefe houfes were in length a hundreth and twentie pafes, and in bredth fyftie pafes 
 as o\vre men meafured them. In ihefe two houfes the kynge was accuftomed to mufler his men as often as he 
 prejiared an armye. When Tiimanama therfore, was thus taken captyue with ail his Sardanapanicall famelye, 
 the Pocchorrofiaiis bragged and threatened hym beynge nowe bounde, that he fliulde fhortly bee hanged. The 
 other kynges alfo his bortherers, reioyfed at his myffortune. Wherby owre men perceaued that Tiimaiutma was 
 no lefle troublefome to his neighbours, then was Pacra to the kinges of the fouthe fyde of the montaynes. 
 Vafchtis alfo the better to pleafe them, threatned hym greuoufly: But in deede entended no euell toward him. 
 He fpake therfore (harpcly vnto h\ m with thefe woordes : Thou flialte nowe fuffer punyllmient thou cruell 
 tyranne, for thy pryde and abhominations. Thou flialte knowe of what poure the chriftians are whom thou hafl.e 
 foo contemned and threate[ne]d to drawe by the heare of their heades to the nexte ryuer and there to drowne them 
 as thou hafle often tymes made thy vaunte emonge thy naked flaues. But thou thy felfe fl.alte fyrRe feele that 
 whiche thou hafle prepared for other : And herewith commaunded hym to bee taken vppe. Neuertheleffe 
 gyuynge a priuye tooken of pardon to them whiche layde handes on him. Thus vnhappye Tumanama, fearynge 
 and beleuynge that Vafchtis had mente in emefle as he commaunded, fell proflrate at his feete and with teares 
 defyred pardon; Proteflynge that he neuer fpake any fuche woordes. But that perhappes his noble men in 
 their droonkennelTc had fo abufed their toonges whiche he coulde not rule. For their wynes although they bee 
 not made of grapes yet are they of force to make men droonken. He declared furthermore that the other 
 kynges his bortherers had of malice furmyfed fuchj lyes of hym enu)inge his fortune bycaufe he was of greater 
 poure then they. Mofle humbly defyringe Vafc/i is thn; as he tooke hym to bee a iufl.e vyctourer, foo to gyue 
 no credytte vnto their vniufle and malycious complaintes. Addynge herevnto that if it woolde pleafe hym to 
 jiardon hym not hauinge offended, he woolde bringe him great plentie of gold. Thus layinge his ryght hande 
 on his breaft, he fwore by tlie fonne, that he euer loued and feared the chryftians fence he fyrile harde of their 
 fame and vyctoryes: Efpecialiy when he harde faye that they had Macfiaiias, that is, fwoordes fliarper then 
 
 l'lonlv.-..rBol,l 
 .ind M..ir(eiiC!iite 
 of mcate. 
 
 KiiiK riti-chnrroM 
 subiiiyitctli 
 hymsclfc. 
 XV. pounde 
 wcyulue of 
 wruviyhte golde 
 
 KyiiR Tuman.im.T 
 loiikc (Iccad. ii. 
 lib. iii). 
 
 A good pulicye. 
 
 101 
 
 Kynge 'i'iitTianatn.1 
 i-^ t.ikt;!] pnsuncr. 
 
 The C.111SC tif 
 vchemcnte wyndcb 
 ncre the 
 Kciuinoctial. 
 
 Kynge Tumannnui 
 his palaice. 
 
 Vaschiis his 
 woordes to kynge 
 Tutnan.inia. 
 
 Oiieruni quern 
 metuunt. 
 
 Kyng Ttimanamii 
 his woordes. 
 
 f 
 
 '■"■ ( 
 
 I 
 ( 
 
 ^ 
 
 j 
 
 V\ 
 
 \\ 
 
 & 
 
 ' i 
 
F!'l«' 
 
 III 
 
 I 
 
 148 
 
 T until Nil ma is 
 
 piirduncd. 
 
 x^x pounde 
 wiynlito of 
 wruughtc guide. 
 Ix. poundcs 
 weyi;ht of gokle. 
 
 102 
 
 They nbhorre 
 labour. 
 
 The colonre nf tlie 
 golden e.irtlic and 
 a tr>-all ufllit: 
 same. 
 
 Tokens of great 
 plciuie of golde. 
 
 Vatchui ftuleth 
 sickc 
 
 Fecblenes of 
 hunger and 
 watchinge. 
 
 Kync* Comognis 
 fiundely to the 
 Christians. 
 
 The large and 
 friitcful plain of 
 ^auana. 
 The ryuer 
 Camogrus. 
 
 103 
 
 The thyyik Decade. 
 
 t]iearfe, and Aich as cutle in pieces al tiiyngcs that coomme in tlieir waye. Then clirectyng(» his ejcs towarde 
 Vafcliiis who h;ni hi.s fwoorde in his hand, lie fpalic thus. Who (c.xcepte he were owtc of his wytle) dare lyfte 
 vppe his hande agcynfle this Inoorde of yowTes wherwith yowe are able witii one flrooke to clcaiio a man from 
 the heade to the nuuelL I.ctte no man therfore perfwade yowc (o mol\e niyghtye victourcr) that euer fuclie 
 woordes procedcd owte of my moiithe. As Tunnvianhi witii trumbeling fpake thefe woordes, therwith fwalow- 
 ynge downe the icnot of dcathe, WiJ'chus feemed by liis tcares to bee muiied to compafllon: And fjicakyng to 
 hym with ciiearefull countenance commaundcd hym to bee loofed. 'I'his doone, he fente immcdiatly to his 
 palaice for. xxx. poundes wcyght of pure gold artifycially wrought into fundry ouches whiche his wyues 
 and concubynes vfetl to weare. Alfo the thyrile daye folowynge, his noble men and gentylmen fent 
 threfcore poundes weight of golde for their fync and raunfumme. Tttmanamci beyng demaunded wher 
 they had that gold, anfwereil that it was not gathered in his ilominions But that it was brought his 
 aunceflours from the ryuer Comt\i;rus toward the fouthe. But the Pocdwnofians and other his enemies, fayd 
 that he lycd: Affirmynge that his kingdome was ryche in golde. Tumaiiama on the contrary part, inftantly 
 protefleil that he neuer kiiewe any golde niyne in all his dominions. Yet denyed not but that there hath 
 funitimes byn found certaine fniaule graines of golde, to the gUherynge wherof, he neuer had any regarde, 
 bycaufe they coulde not gette it without great and longe labour. Whyle thefe thynges were dooinge, the fycke 
 men whiche Vafchtis had lefte in the village of rou/ionofa, came to hym the. viii. day of the Calendes of 
 January in the yeare of Chrifte. M. U. XIII. bringyng with them certayne labourers from the kynges of the 
 fouthe with fundrye inftrunientes to dygge the grounde and gather golde. Thus paffynge oiicr the day of the 
 natiuitye of Chrifl witliout bodcly labour, vppon fainte Steuens daye he brought certcyne myners to the fyde of 
 a hyll not farre dyflante from the palaice of Tiimaiiaiiui, where (as he faith) he perceaued by the coloure of the 
 earth that it was lykely to br) nge furthe golde. When they had dygged a pytte not pafl a hand breadth and a 
 halfe, and fyfted the earthe therof, they founde certayne fniaule graynes of golde no byggcr then lintcU feedes, 
 amountynge to t!i" weyght of tuchie graynes as they prouyd with their balai.ces of aflayc before a notarie and 
 wytneffe that the better credytte myghte bee gyuen therto. AVIicrby they argued that the rycheneffe of that lamle 
 was agreable to the report of the borthcrers, although Wifdius coulde by noo meanes caufe Tumanama to 
 confeffe the fame. They fuppofe that he nothynge efleemcd fo fmaule a portion. But other faye that he 
 denyed his countrcy to bee frutefuU of golde, leafte by reafon therof the defyre of golde, myght intyfe owre men 
 to inhabyte his kyngdome, as in deede the feely kynge was a prophet in foo thinkynge. For they chofe that 
 and the region of rocchorrofa ti^ inhabyte, and determyned to buylde townes in them bothe, if it fliulde fo pleafe 
 the kynge of Caflyle : Afwell that they myght bee baytinge places and vytailynge houfes for fuche as fluilde 
 iorney towarde the fouthe, as ^Ifo that both the regions were frutfull and of good grounde to beare frutes and 
 trees. Intendynge nowe therfore to departe from thenfe, he tried the earth by chaunce in an other place, where 
 the colour of the grounde with certayne fliyninge floiics, feemed to bee a tooken of golde. Where caufynge a 
 fmaule pitte to bee dj'gged lyttell beneath th[e]upper crude of the earthe, he founde fo muchc golde as weyghed 
 that pyece of golde whiche the Spaniardes caule Cajliihvttim atirciim, and is commonly cauled Pefus, but not in 
 one grayne. Reioyfyiige at thefe tookens in hope of great riches, he badde Tumanama to be of good coomforte, 
 promyfynge hym that he woolde bee his frende and defender, foo that he troubeled not any of the kynges whiche 
 were freniles to the Chrillians. He alfo perfwaded hym to gather plentye of golde. Summe faye that he ledde 
 awaye all Tumanama his women, and fpoyled him leade he Ihuld rebell. Yet he delyuered his foonne to 
 Vqfc/ius to bee broughte vppe with owtc men, to learne their language and relygyon, that he myght therafter the 
 better vfe his helpe afwell in all thynges that he fliulde h' le to cloo with owre men, as alfo more polytykely rule, 
 and obtajne the loue of his owne fubiectes. Vafchiis at .s tyme fell into a vehement feuer by reafon of e.vcelTe 
 of labour, immoderate watchyng, and hunger : In fomuche that departynge from thenfe, he was fayne too bee 
 borne upjion mennes backes in fliietes of goffampyne cotton. Lykewyfe alfo many of his fouldiers whiche were 
 foo weake that they coulde nother go nor flonde. To this purpofe they vfed the helpe of th[e]inhahytantes, who 
 fliewed them felues in al thynges wyllynge and obedyente. Alfo fumme of them whiche were fumwhat feeble 
 and not able to trauayle, although not greuoufly fycke, were ledde by the armes vntyll they came to the 
 domynion of kynge Commognis a greate frende to the Chiidyans, of whom wee haue largely made mention 
 before. At Vafchus conimynge thether, he founde that the owlde kynge was deade, and his foonne 
 (whome we fo prayfed for his wifedome) to raygne in his deade: And that he was baptifed by the 
 name of Charles. The palayce of this Comognis, is fituate at the foote of a diepe hyll well cultured. 
 Hauynge towarde the fouthe a playne of twelue leages in breadth and veary frutefuU. This playne, they 
 caule Zatiana. Bcyonde this, are the great and hyghe montaynes whiche deuyde the two feas wherof we 
 haue fpoken before. Owte of the dyepe liylles, fpryngeth the ryuer Comogrus, whiche runneth throwghe 
 the fayde jilayne to the hyghe montaynes, rcceauynge into his chanell by their valleys, all the other 
 ryuers, and fo fauleth into the fouth fea. It is didante from Dariaia, aboute threfcore and tenne leages 
 ■48 
 
 h\ 
 
The thynie Decade. 
 
 149 
 
 :f 
 
 towarde the wcfle. As owre men therfore came to thefe parties, kynge Comoi^nis (othorwyfe cauled Charteisby 
 his chrillian name) mette tiiem ioyfully and entertayncl them honoraljly, gyuynge them tiieir fyll ol' pleafaunte 
 meates and drynkes. He gaue alfo to Vafchus, twenty pounde wcyglit (jf wrought golde. Vafchus recom- 
 penfed him with thinges which he eflcemcd muthe more: As axes and liindry kyndes of carpenters tooles. 
 Alfo a fouldiours cloke, and a faire flierte wrought with needle woorke By thefe gyftes, Coiiwi^nts thought hym 
 felfe to bee ludfe a god amonge his horthcrers. I'dfchiis at his departynge from henfe, erncflly ciiarged 
 Como^nis and the otiier kyngos to remayne faithfiill and obedient to the chrilUan king of Caflile, if they defyrcd 
 to lyuc in peace and ([uietnelfe; And that they Ibulde iiereafter more diligently apjilye them felues to the 
 gatheringe of golde to bee fente to the great chriflian J/Ar (that is) kyng. Declaryng further, that by this 
 meanes they fliuld bothe gette them and their poflerity a patrone and defender ageintl their enemyes, and alfo 
 obtayne great abundaunce of owre thinges. Thefe affayres thus happely achiued, he wente forwarde on his 
 vyage to the palaice of kyng Poiic/ia, where he founde foure younge men whiche were come from Dariena to 
 certify hym that there were certayne fliyppes coomme from Ilifpaninla laden wyth vytt.i)les and other 
 neceffaries. Wherfore takyng with him twentie of his mode lufly fouldiers, he made halle to Dariena with 
 longe iorneys: 'eni-inge the refydue behynd him to folow at their leafure. He writeth that he came to Dariaia 
 the. xiiii. Cal. "i I^c. An. 1514. The date of his letter is: From Darkna, the. iiii. day of march. He writeth 
 in the fame let* f, that he had many fore contlictcs, and that he was yet neyther wounded, or lofle any of his 
 men in the b' laile. And therfore in al his large letter, there is not one Icafe without thankes geuynge to 
 almyghty c . for his delyuery and preferuation from fo many imminent perels. He attempted no enterprife or 
 tooke in harde any viage withowt th[c]inuocation of god and his holy faintes. Thus was VaJ:hHs Balboa of a 
 vyolente Goliath, X.Q\\xx\|^.^\.\^^.o Hdifeus: And from Anteiis too //c/rw/iw the conquerour of monflers. I?'!ynge 
 therefore thus tourned from a raffhe royllcr to a polyiw. and difcreate capitayne, he was iudged woorthy to 
 bee aduaunced to greate honoure. By reafon whereof, he \.as bothe receaued into the kynges fauour, and there- 
 vppon created the generall or Lieuetenaunt of the kyr,'e> army in thofe Regions. Thus much \\m^ I gathered 
 bothe by the letters of certeyne my faythefull frer''es bein;;e in Baric-:' and nlfo by woorde of mouth of fuche 
 as came lately frome thenfe. If yowre holyni jfyre to knowc .hat I thynke herein, Suerly as by fuche 
 thynges as I haue feene, I beleue thefe thynges to bee trjwe, cuen fo th[e]order and agreingeof Vafchus and 
 iiis coompanions warrelyke letters, feeme to confirme the fame. The Spanyarde thc-fore fhall not neede 
 hereafter with vndermynynge ilie earth with intoUeniile laboure to breake the bones of owre mother, and enter 
 many myles into her bowels, and with innumerable daungers cut in funder hole mountaynes to make a waye to 
 the courte of infernall Pluto, to bryngc from thenfe wyckc! rolde the feede of innumerable mifcheues, withowte 
 the whiche notwithftandynge we may nowe fcarfely leiule a happy jyfe fithe iniquitie hath fo preuayled and 
 made vs flaues to that wherof we are lords by nature: The Spanyarde (I fh}) fliall not neede with furii 
 trauaylcs and diffirultie to dygge farre into the earth for gold, but flial fynde it plentifully in nianer in the vpper 
 crurt. of the earth, or in the iiindes of ryuer.'; dryed vppe by the heate of fommer, onely waffliynge the earth 
 foftely frome the fame: And fliall with lyke facilite gather plentie of pearles. Certenly the reuerent antiquitie 
 (by al the Cofmographers affent) obteyned not foo greate a benefyte of nature, nor yet afjiired to the knowleage 
 hereof, bycaufe there came neuer man before owte of owre knowen worlde to thefe vnknowen nations : At the 
 lea He, with a poure of men, by force of amies, in nianer of conquefl; wheras otherwyfe nothyng can be gotten here, 
 forafmuch as thefe nations are for the mofl. part feuere defenders of theyr patrimonies, antl cruell to llraungers, in 
 no condition admittinge them otherwyfe then by conqi'cfl: effpecially the fierce Canibales or Caribes. For thef" 
 wylye hunters of men, gyue them felues to none other kynde of exercyfe but onely to manhuntynge and tyllage after 
 their maner. At the commynge therfore of owre men into theyr regions, they loke as fuerly to haue them faule into 
 their fnares as if they were hartes or wylde bores: and with no lefTe confydence licke their lippes fecreately in 
 hope of their praye. If they gette the vpper hande, they eate them greedely : If they myflrufle them ftlues to bee 
 the weaker parte, they trufle to theyr feete, and flye fwyfter then the wynde. Ageyne, yf the matter bee tryed 
 on the water, afwell the women as men can dyue and fwymnie, as though they had byn euer lirouyht vp and 
 fcdde in the water. It is noo maruayle therefore yf the large tracte of thefe regions haue bvn hytherto 
 vnknowen. But nowe fithe it hath pleafed God to difcouer the fame in owre tyme, it fhall becoome vs to fliewe 
 owre naturall loue to mankynde and dewtie to God, to endeuoure owre felues to brynge them to ciuilifie and 
 trewe religion, to th[e]increafe of Chrilles flocke, to the confufion of Infidels and the Deuyll theyr father who 
 delytethe in owre deflruction as he hathe doone frome the begynnynge. By the good fucceffe of thefe fyrll frutes, 
 owre hope is, that the Chriflian religion fliall (Ireache foorth her armes very flirre. Which thyng fhulde the 
 fooner coonie to paffe yf all menne to theyr poure (efpecially Chriflian Princes to whom it chiefely perteyneth) 
 wolde put theyr handes to the plo\. " of the lordes vineyarde. The haruefl fuerly is greate, but the woorkemen 
 are but fewe. As we haue fayde at tlie begynnynge, yowre holynes fliall hereafter nooryflie many myn^des of 
 broodes of chekins vnder yowre wynges. But let vs nowe returne to fpeake of Beragua beinge the wefle fyde 
 
 O 2 149 
 
 XX. pntiiiijc uevuht 
 uf wruughl gulj 
 
 V.ischns returneth 
 to Dartuni. 
 
 I he (jniul fortune 
 of V.-uchus. 
 
 V.ischus was 
 turned from 
 Goliath to Eliseus. 
 
 O flaterynge 
 fortune, look hU 
 "* .11 In the hooke 
 of the Ilandcls] 
 lately founde. 
 
 The earthe is owre 
 general mother. 
 
 The courte of 
 infernall Plulo. 
 
 There if a helter 
 waye then thiii. 
 
 The Spanyardes 
 conquestes. 
 
 Manhunters 
 
 104 
 
 The fierscnessc of 
 the Canibales. 
 
 Owre duty to god, 
 and naturall loue 
 to mankynde. 
 
 Th[e]offyce of 
 Chrysiian pryncci 
 The haruest is 
 great, etc. 
 
 Beragua, 
 

 150 
 
 IfUuesiu 
 
 The tliyrde Decade. 
 
 The fourth 
 
 nauigation of 
 Coiumis the 
 AJiiiirall. 
 
 From Spaine to 
 Hispaniola a 
 thousaiulc aiul two 
 hundreth leagues 
 
 The flor>'^shin^ 
 Ilande of 
 tJuanassa. 
 
 Simple people. 
 
 A great e 
 inarchaiint. 
 
 105 
 
 Tlic regyon of 
 Quirifiuetana or 
 Liaiiibo. 
 
 Gentle people. 
 
 The regyons of 
 Tata and Maia. 
 
 Seuen kyndes of 
 date trees. 
 
 Wyldc vines. 
 
 of Vraha, and fyrft founde by Cokmus the Admirall, then vnfortunately gouerned by Diego Nictiefa, and nowe 
 lefte in niancr defolate : witli the other large regions of thofe prouinces brought from theyr wylde and beaftly 
 ludenes to ciuihtie and trewe religion. 
 
 C The fovrth booke of the thyrde Decade. 
 
 Was detennyned (mode holy father) to haiie procctlcd no further herein, but that one fierye 
 r[)arke yet remaynynge in my mynde, wooUle not fulTer me to ceafe. Wheras I haue therfore 
 declared howo Birai^i/a was tyrfle fownde by Coloiius, my thincke I fliuldc commytte a 
 hcynous cr}'me if 1 fliuld defraude the man of the due commendations of his trauayles, of his 
 cares and troubles, and fynally of the daungcours and percls, whiche he fuReyned in that 
 nauigation. Therfore in the yeare of Chrille. 1502. in the. vi. daye of the Ides of Maye, he 
 hoyfed vppe his fayles and departed from the llandes of Ga<ks with. iiii. fliyppes of fyftie or. 
 iii. fcore tunne a piece, with a hundreth threfcore and tenne men, and came with profperous wynde to the 
 llandes of CanarUc witliin fiue daies folowinge, from thenfe arryuinge the. xvi. day at the Ilande of Dominica 
 bcinge the chiefe habitation of the Canibales, he fayled from Dominica to Hifpauiola in fyue other daies. Thus 
 within the fjiace of the. .\.\vi. daies, with profperous wynde and by the fwyfte faule of the Ocean from the Eafle 
 to th weft, he fayled from Spaine to Hifpaniola: Which courfe is counted of the mariners to bee no leffe then 
 a thoulande and twoo hundrethe leaques. He tarycd but a whyle in Hifpaniola, whether it were wyllingly, or 
 that he were fo admonillhed of the vicero\e. Directing therfore his \yage from thenfe towarde the wefte, 
 leauyng the llandes of Cuba and Jamaica on liis rvght hande towarde the northe, he wryteth that he cliaunfed 
 vppon an Ilande more fouihewarde then Jamaica, whiche th[e]inhabitantes caule GiianaJJa, fo floryffliinge and 
 frutefuU that it mjghte feenie an earthlye Paradyfe. Coaflynge alonge by the fliores of this Ilande, he mette 
 two of the Canoas or boatcs of thofe prouinces, whiche were drawne with two naked flaues ageynft the ftreame. 
 In thefc boates, was caryed a ruler of the Ilande with his wyfe and chyldren, all naked. The llaues feeynge 
 owre men a lande, made fignes to them with proude counienaunce in their maifters name, to flande owte of the 
 waye, and threatned them if they woolde not gyue place. Their fympelnes is fuche that they nother feared the 
 multitude or poure of owre men, or the greatnes and ftraungenes of owre (liippes. They thought that owre men 
 woolde haue honoured their maifter with like reuerence as they did. Owre men had intelligence at the length 
 that this ruler was a greate marchaunte whiche came to the marte from other coaftes of the Ilande. For they 
 e.xceryfe byinge and fellynge by e.xchaunge with their confinies. He had alfo with him good ftoore of fuche ware 
 as they ftande in neede of or take pleafure in ; as laton belles, rafers, knyues, and hatchettes made of a certeyne 
 (harpe yelowe bryght Rone, with handles of a ftronge kynd of woodde. Alfo many other neceflary inflrumentes 
 with kychen (lufte and veflelles for all neceffary \ fe.s. Lykewife Iheetes of goffampine cotton wrought of fundrve 
 colours. Owre men tooke hym pryfoner with all hi'^ famely. But Co/onus commaunded hym to bee lofed fliortely 
 after, and the greateft parte of his goodes to bee reftored to wynne his fryndefliippe. lieinge here inftructed of 
 a lande lyinge further towarde the fouthe, he tooke his vyage thether. Therfore lytic more then tenne myles 
 dillant from henfe, he founde a large lande whiche th[e]inhabitantes cauled Qiiiriijuelami: But he named it 
 Ciamba. When he wente a lande and commaunded his chaplaine to faye mafle on the fea bankcs, a great 
 confluence of the naked inhabitantes flocked thither fyniplye and without feare, bringynge with them plenty of 
 meate and freflie water, marueylynge at owre men as they had byn fumme flraunge miracle. When they had 
 prefented their giftes, the}- went fumwhat backewarde and made lowe curtefy after their maner bowinge their 
 heades and bodyes reuerently. He recompenfed their gentylnes rewaulinge them with other of owre thynges, 
 as counters, braflettes and garlandes of glafte and counterfecte (loones, lookyng glaffes, nedelles, and pynnes, 
 with fuche other traflie, whiche feemed vnto them precious marchaundies. In this great tracte there are two 
 regions whcrof the one is cauled Taia and the other Maia. He writeth that all that lande is very fayre and 
 holfome by reafon of the e.\cellent teniperatnelfe of the ayer : And that it is inferiour to no lande in frutefull 
 ground beinge partely full of montaines, and partely large playncs ; Alfo rei)lenyfhed with many gocdly trees, 
 holfome herbes, and frutes, continuynge greene and florylh)-nge all the hole yeare. It beareth alfo veryc many 
 holy trees and pyne ai)le trees. Alfo. vii. kyndes of date trees wherof funnne are frutefull and fumme baren. 
 It bringelh furth l)kewyfe of it felfe J\i}:;oras and wilde vynes laden with grapes euen in the wooddes emonge 
 other trees. He faythe furthermore that there is fuche abundaunce of other pleafaunte and profitable fnites 
 that they i)alfe not of vynes. Of one of thofe kyndes of date trees, they make certeyne longe and brode 
 
The tJiyrdc Decade. 
 
 151 
 
 fwoordes and dartes. Tliefe reg>'ons bearc alfo golTanipyne trees liere and there commonly in the wooddes. 
 Lykewife Mirohalanes of fundry kyndes, as thofe which the phifitians caule Emblicos and Chchulos. Maiziiim alfo. 
 Iitcca, Ages, and Baitatas, lyke vnto thofe whiche we hatie iliyde before to bee founde in other regions in thefe 
 coafles. The fame nooryflheth alfo lyons, Tygers, Hartes, Roes, Goates, and dyuers other beaRcs. Lykewyfe 
 fundry kyndes of byrdes and foiilcs: rjiionge the whiclie tlicy kcepe onely them to franke and fcede, whiche 
 are in colour, bygncs, and tafte, niuche lyke vnto owre pehcnncs. He faith that ih[L]iiiliabitantcs are of high 
 and goodly flature, well lymmcd and proportioned both men and women: Coucrynge their priuye partes with 
 fyne breeches of goffampine cotton wrought with dyuers colours. And that they may feeme the more cumlje 
 and bewtifuU (as they take it) they paynte tlieir bodyes redde and !)lacke with the iuce of certeyne apples whiche 
 they plante in their gardens for the fame purpofe. Summe of them paynte their hole bodies: fummc but parte: 
 and other fumme drawe the portitures, of herhes, flouros, ami knottes, euery one as feemedi befle to his owne 
 phantafye. Their language differeth \ttcrlye from theirs of the Ilandes nere aboute them. From thefe regions, 
 the waters of the fea ranne with as full courfe towarde the wefle, as if it had byn the fluile of a fwyfte riucr. 
 Neuertheleffe he determined to fearche the Eafle partes of this landc, reuoluyngc in his mynde that the regions 
 of Paria and Os Dnicoiiis with other coafles founde before toward the Eafle, fliulde bee neare theraboute as in 
 deede they were. Departyng therfore from the large region of Qiiiriqiictaiia the. xiii. daye of the calendes of 
 September, when he had .failed thirtie leaques, he founde a ryiier, without the mouth wherof he drewe freflie 
 water in the fea. Wh(;re alfo the flioore was fo cleanc withowte rockes, that he founde grounde euery 
 where, where lie niyglU aptely cafle anker. He WTiteth that the fwifte courfe of the Ocran was fo 
 vehement and contrarye, that in the fpace of fortye dayes he coulde fcarcelye fayle threfcore and tenne 
 leaques, and that with muche diffycultie with many fetches and coompafynges, fyndyng him felfe to bee 
 fumtimes repulfed and dryuen farre backe by the vyolente courfe of the fea when he woolde haue taken lande 
 towarde the euenynge, leafte perhappes wanderynge in vnknowen coaRes in the darckeneffe of the n}ght, he 
 myghte bee in daunger of Riypwracke : He writeth that in the fpace of eyght leaques, he found three great anil 
 fayre ryuers vppon tlie banckes wherof, there grewe reedes bygger then a mannes thygh. In thefe ryuers was alfo 
 greate plentye of fyflie and great tortoyfes: l.jkewife in many places, multitudes of Crocodiles lyinge in the fande, 
 and yanyng to take the heate of the foonne : Befyde d)ucrs other kj-ndes of beaRes whervnto he gaue no names. 
 He fayth alfo that the foyle of that lande is \'ery diuers and variable : beyng fumwhere Ronye and full of rough 
 and craggie promontories or poyntes reachynge into the fea. And in other places as fnitfull as maye bee. 
 They haue alfo diiers kynges and rulers. In fummc jjlaces they caule a kynge Ciiciciis: in other places they 
 caule hym Qiiebi, and fumwhere Tilni. Suche as haue behaued them felues valiantly in the warres ageynRe 
 their enemies, and haue their faces lull of fcarres, they caule Ciipras, and honour them as the anticpiitie dyd the 
 goddes whiche they cauled Heroes, fuppofed to bee the foules of fuche men as in their l)fe tyme excelled in vertue 
 and noble actes. The common people, they caide C/iitii: and a man, they caule Homcm. When they faye in 
 their language, take man, they Hiy Hoppa home. /,fter this, he came to an other rjuer apte to beare great 
 fhypppes: Before the mouthe wherof, leye foure fmaule Ilandes full of floriffliing arid frutfull trees. Thefe 
 Ilandes he named Qiia/iior tcmpora. From henfe faylynge towartle the EaRe for the fpace of. xiii. k'a([Ut's R)ll 
 ageinRe the vyolent courfe of the water, he founde twelue other fmaule Ilandes. In the whiche liycaufe he 
 founde a newe kynde of frutes muche like vnto owre lemondes, he cauled them Limonaies. ^Vander)■nge yet 
 further the fame waye for the fpace of xii. leaques, he founde a great hauen enteryng into the land after the 
 maner of a goulfe the fpace of three leaques, and in maner as brode, into the whiche fell a great ryuer. Here 
 was A'ici/ifii loRe alterwarde when he foughte Bemgiia: By reafon wherof they cauled it Rio dc li>s penfidos: that 
 is, the ryuer of the loRe men. Thus Co/onus the Admirall yet further contynuynge his courfe ageynRe the furye 
 of the fea, founde manye hyghe montaynes and horrible valleys, with d) uers ryuers and hauens, from all the 
 whiche (as he liiythe) proceaded fweete fai.ers greatly recreatynge and comfortynge nature. In fo muche that 
 in all this longe tracte there was not one of his men defeafc d vntyll he came to a region whiche th[e]inhabitantes 
 caule Qiiiciiri, in the whiche is the hauen cauled Cariai, named Mirobaliuitis by the admyrall bycaufe the 
 Mirobalane trees are natiue in the region therabout. In this hauen of Caiiai, there came about two hundreth 
 of th[e]inhabitantes to the fea fyde with euerye of them three or fo'.ire dartes in their handes: Yet of condition 
 gentell enoughe, and not refufyng Rraungers. Their commyng was for none other purpofe then to knowe what 
 this newc nation mente, or what they broughle with them. When owre men had gyuen them fygnes of peace, 
 they came fwynunynge to the Riyppes and defyred to barter with them by exchaunge. The admyrall to allure 
 them to fr."ndlhippe, gaue them many of owre thinges: But they refufed them, fufpectynge Rmime difceate 
 thereby bycaufe he woolde not receyue theirs They wroughte ali by fygnes : for one vnderRoode not a woorde 
 of the others language. Suche gyftes as were fente them, they lefte on the fliore and woolde take no part 
 therof. They are of fuche ciuilitye and humanytie, that they eReeme it more honorable to gyue then to take. 
 'I'hey fente owre men two younge women beinge vyrgines, of commendable iauour and goodly Rature, 
 
 "5» 
 
 Minih.ll.llies 
 Pynlcs .ind foulcs 
 
 Pcnplo uf goodly 
 sL-mire 
 
 Tliey paynt theyr 
 buiiyes 
 
 The swyftc course 
 of ihe Sf.i from the 
 Kasr to the West. 
 
 , Fay ill. 
 
 j Frcsslie water in 
 the sea. 
 
 Fetches anil 
 cunntasiiiges 
 
 106 
 
 F.iirc ryuers. 
 Clre.it reedes 
 
 Great turtovsc^- 
 
 Dyiicrs Languages. 
 
 J/.-r.vs. 
 
 {^mtft/f>r /I'/n/orii. 
 
 Twellte ll.indes 
 uanieJ Limonares 
 
 fcnlhli's. 
 
 The region of 
 (Juicuri. 
 'I'lie hauen 
 iif Cariai or 
 Mirobalirtus 
 
 Ciuile and 
 humane {)eu|ile 
 
 
 HMl 
 
 N 
 
 I! 
 
 1 
 
 S i 
 
 ,:j 
 
 i 
 
 \ 1 1 
 
 t 1 v| 
 
 ! 1 
 
 1 1 ' 
 
 

 1 1 
 
 152 
 
 107 
 
 [Trees grow by 
 the seafiiyde. 
 
 Trees growynge 
 in the sea after a 
 straiinje son. 
 
 PUnte. 
 
 A straunge kynde 
 of moonkeys. 
 
 A moonkeye 
 feyghteth with 
 ?. man. 
 
 A conflict belwene 
 a monkey and a 
 wylde bore. 
 
 The bodyes nf 
 kynges ciryed and 
 reserued 
 
 Ctraharo. 
 Aburtma. 
 
 Cheyncsof goldc. 
 
 Plentieurgolde. 
 
 Flue villages rych 
 in gold. 
 
 Crownes of beasts 
 claws 
 
 108 
 
 The thyrde Decade. 
 
 fygnifyinge vnto them that they niyghte take them awaye with them if it were their pleafure. Thefe women 
 after the maner of their countrey, were couered from their ancles fumwhat aboiie their priuye partes with a 
 certeyne clothe made of goflampine cotton. But the men are al naked. The women vfe to cutie their heare: 
 But the men lette it growe on the hynder partes of their heades, and cutte it on the fore parte. Their longe 
 heare, they binde vppe with fyllettcs, and winde it in fundry rowles as owre maydes are accuftomed to 
 do. The virgins which were fcntc to the Admiral! lie decked in fayre apparell, and gaue them many 
 gyftes, and fente theym home ageyne. But lykewifc all thefe rewardes and apparel they left vppon the fliore 
 bycaufe owre men had refufed their gyftes. Yet tooke he two men away with him (and thofe very wyllyngly) 
 that by lernyng the Spanyflie tonge, he might afterwarde vfe them for interpretours. He confidered that 
 the trades of thefe coaftca were not greately troubeled with vehement motions or ouerflowynges of the fea, 
 forafmuche as trees growe in the fea not farre frome the fliore, euen as they doo vppon the bankes of ryuers. 
 The which thynge alfo other 'loo affirmc whiche haue latelyer fearclu'd thof ■ coaftes, declaring that the fea 
 rifeth and fauleth but lyttle there aboiite, He fayth furthermore, that in the profpecte of this lande, there are 
 trees engendred euen in the fea, which after that they are growen to any height, bende downe the toppes of 
 theyr branches into the grounde : which embrafing them caufeth other branches to fprynge owt of the fame, and 
 take roote in the earth, bringynge foorth trees in theyr kynde fucceffiuely as dyd the fyrft roote from whenfe 
 they had theyr originall, as do alfo the fettes of vines when oncly bothe the endes thcrof are put into the 
 grounde. Plinie in the twelfth booke of his natural hiftorie maketh mention of fuche trees, defcribynge them 
 to bee on the lande, but not in the fea. The Admirall wryteth alfo that the lyke beaftes are engendered in 
 the coaftes of Cariai, as in other prouinces of thefe regions, and fuch as we haue fpoken of before. Yet that 
 there is one founde here in nature much differinge from the other. Tliis beafte is of the byggenes of a greate 
 moonkeye, but with a tayle muche longer and bygger. It lyuclh in the wooddes, and remoueth from tree to 
 tree in this maner. Hangynge by the tayle vppon the braunche of a tree, and gatheryng ftrength by fwayinge 
 her bodye twyfe or thryfe too and fro, flie cafteth her felfe from branchc to braiiche and fo from tree to tree as 
 though ftie ilewe. An archer of owres hurt one of them. Who perceauinge her felfe to be wounded, leapte 
 downe from the tree, and fiercely fet on hym which gaue her the wounde, in fo muche that he was fayne to 
 defende hym felfe with his fwoorde. And thus by chauncc cuttyng of one of her amies, he tooke her, and with 
 muche a doo brought her to the fliips where \vithin a wli)le, fliee waxed tame. Whyle fliee was thus kepte 
 and bownde with cheynes, certeyne other of owr hunters hadde chafed a wylde bore owt of the maryflies nere 
 vnto the fea fyde. For hunger and defyre of fleflie, caufed them to take double pleafure in huntynge. In 
 this nieane tyme other which remayned in the fliipjies, goinge a lande to recreate them felues, tooke this 
 moonkey with them. Who, as fooiie as fliee had cfpied the bore, fet vp her bryftels and made towarde her. 
 'ihe bore lykewyfe fliooke his briftels and whette his teethe. The moonkey furioufly inuaded the bore, wrap- 
 pynge her tayle about his body, and with her arme referued of her victourer, lielde hym fo faft aboute the 
 tlirote, that he was fuftbcate. Thefe people of Cariai, vfe to dryc the deade bodyes of theyr princes vppon 
 hurdels, and fo referue them inuohied in the leaues of trees. As he went forwarde about twentie leagues from 
 Cariai, he founde a goulfe of fuch largenes that it contcyned. .\ii. leagues in conipafle. In the mouth of this 
 goulfe were foure lyttle Ilaniles fo nere togyther, that they made a fafe hauen to enter into the goulfe. This 
 goulfe is the hauen which we fayde before to be cauled Gvv?i!'(7;v of th[e]inhabitantes. But they haue nowe 
 lerned that only the lande of the one fyde therof, lyinge on the rj'ght hande at the enter3'nge of the goulfe, is 
 cauled by that name. But that on the lefte fyde, is cauled Abunma. He faythe that all this goulfe is ful of 
 fruteful Ilandes wel replenyfflied with goodly trees: And the grounde of the fea to bee verye cleane withowt 
 rockes, and commodious to caft anker : Lykewyfe the fea of the goulfe to haue greate abundance of fyfflie ; and 
 the lande of both the fydes to bee inferior to none in frutfulnes. At his fyrft arryuynge, he efpyed two of 
 thre]inhabitantes hauynge cheynes about theyr neckes, made of ouches (which they caule Giuiiiines,) of bafe 
 golde artificially wrought in the formes of Eagles, and lions, with dyuers other beaftes and foules, Of the two 
 Cariaians whiche he brought with lij'm from Cariai, he was enformed that the regions of Ccrabaro and Aburema 
 were rych in golde: And that tlie pcojile of Cariai haue all theyr golde frome thenfe for e.\chaunge of 
 other of theyr thynges. They towlde hym alfo, that in the fame regions there are fyue vyllages not 
 farre from the fea fyde, whofe inhabitantes ajjply them felues onely to the gathering of gold The names 
 of thefe vyllages are thefe: C/iirara, Piireii, Chitaza, Iiirec/ie, Atamca. All the men of the ])rouince of 
 Ccrabaro, go naked, and are paynted with dyuers coloures. They take great pleafure in wearynge gar- 
 landes of floures, and crownes made of the clawes of Lions and Tygers. The women couer onely theyr 
 priuie partes with a fyllet of goflampine cotton. Dei)artinge from Iienfe and coaftynge ftyll by the fame fliore 
 for the fpace of. xviii. leagues, he came to another ryuer, where he efpyed aboute three hundreth naked men in 
 a company. When they fawe the fliippes drawe neare the lande, they cryed owt aloude, with cruell 
 countenaunces fliakynge theyr woodden fwoordes and liurlynge dartes, takynge alfo water in theyr niouthes and 
 
 
■■■i 
 
 The thyrde Decade. 
 
 153 
 
 lue nowe 
 oulfe, is 
 s ful of 
 withowt 
 The: and 
 two of 
 of bafe 
 the two 
 Aburema 
 unge of 
 iges not 
 names 
 uince of 
 
 fpoutyng the fame ageynft our men : wherby they feemed to infinuate that they woolde receaue no condition of 
 jjeace or haiie owght to doo with them. Here he commaunded certeyne pieces of ordinaunce to be fliot of 
 toward them: Yet fo to ouerfliute them, that none myght be hurt thcrby. For he euer determyned to deale 
 quietly and peaceably with thefe newe nations. At the noyfe tlierforc of the gunnes and fyght of the fyer, they 
 fell downe to the groundc, and defyred i)cace. Thus enteringe into further frendlliippe, they exchaunged theyr 
 cheynes and ouches of golde for glaffes and haukes belles and liich other marchandies. They vfe drummes or 
 tymbrels made of the flielles of certeyne fea fyfflies, wherewith thry encorage thcym felues in the warres. In 
 this tract are thefe feuen rjuers, Acatcba, Qiiarcha, Zobroba, .liagiiifin, I'rida, Diirriba, BiTii'^na, in all the 
 whiche, golde is founde. They defende them felues ageynfte rayne and heate with certeyne great leaues of trees 
 in the fleade of clokes. Departinge from henfe, lie fearched the coaftes oi Ehtcre and Embigar, into the which 
 faule the goodl_\- ryuers of Zohoran and Cubigar : And here ceafeth the plentie and frutefulnes of golde, in the 
 tracte of fiftie leagues or there about. From henfe onely three leagues diflant, is the rocke whiche in the 
 vnfortunate difcourfe oi Niaiffa we fayde was cauled of owre men Fignonem. But of th[e]inhabitante.s the 
 Region is cauled Vibba. In this tracte alfo aboute fyxe leagues frome thenfe, is the haucn which Co/onus cauled 
 J'oiius Bclltis (wherof we haue fpokenbefore) in the region whiche th[e]inhabitantes caule Xaguagiiara. This 
 region is very peopulous: but they go all naked. The kyng is payntcd with blacke colours, but all the people 
 with redde. Tlie kynge and feuen of his noble men, had eucry of them a lyttlc plate of golde liangynge at thojr 
 nofethrilles downe vnto theyr lyppcs. And this they take for a cumly ornamente. The menne inclofe theyr 
 priuie members in a fliell: And the women couer theyrs with a fyllet of gofllinipine cotton tyed about theyr 
 loynes. In theyr gardens they nooryfflie a frute muche lyke the nutte of a pine tree: the whiche (as we haue 
 foyde in an other place) groweth on a fluubbe muche lyke vnto an archichoke: But the frute is muche fofter, 
 and meate for a kynge. Alfo certeyne trees whiche beare gourdes, wherof we haue fpoken before. This tree, 
 they caule Hibuero. In thefe coaftes they mette fumtymcs with Crocodiles lyinge on the fandes, the whiche 
 when they fled, or tooke the water, they lefte a very fweete fauour beh) lule them fweeter then muflce or Cajlorcum. 
 When I was fente ambalTiidour for the catholike king of Caftile to the Soltane of Babilon or Alcayer in Kgipte, 
 th[e]inhabitantes nere vnto the ryuer of Niltis toulde me the like of their female Crocodiles. Affyrmyng 
 furthermore that the fatte or fewette of them is equall in fweetnes w ith the pleafaunte gummes of .\rabie. But 
 the Admirall was nowe at the length enforced of neceffytie to departe from henfe, afwell for that he was no longer 
 able to abyde the contrarye and vyolente courfe of the water, as alfo that his fliyppes were daily more and more 
 |)utrified and eaten throwgh with certeyne wornies whiche are engendred of the warmenes of the water in all 
 thofe tractes nere vnto the Equinoctial line. The Venetians caule thefe woormes Bijfas. The fame are alfo 
 engendred in two hauens of the citie of Alexandria in Kgipt, and deftroye the fliyppes if they lye longe at 
 anker. They are a cubet in length, and funiwhat more: not paffyng the quantitie of a fynger in bygneffe. 
 The Spanyllie mariner cauleth this peftilence Broma. Coloiiiis thtrfore whom before the great monfters of the 
 fea coulde not feare, nowe fearyng this B/viiia, beynge alfo foore vexed with the contrar)' faule of the fea, directed 
 his courfe with the Ocean towarde the weft, and came firft to the ryuer Iliebra, diftant onely two leaques from 
 the ryuer of Beragiia, bycaufe that was commodious to harborowe great fliippes. This region is named after the 
 riuer, and is called Bemgiia the lefie: Bycaufe bothe the ryuers are in the dominion of the kyng which inhabiteth 
 the region of Beragua. But what chaunfed vnto hym in this vyage on the ryghte hande and on the lefte, lette 
 vs nowe declare. Whyle therfore Coloiiiis the Admirall reniayned yet in the ryuer Hiebra, he fent Bertholomeus 
 Colonus his brother and Lieuetenaunte of Hifpaiiicla, with the fliyppe boates and threfcore and. viii. 
 men to the ryuer of Beragua, where the king of the region beinge naked and painted after the maner of the 
 countrey, came towarde them with a great multitude of men wajtynge on hym, but all vnarmed and without 
 weapons, gyuinge alfo fygnes of peace. When he approched nerer, and entered communication with owre men, 
 certeyne of his gcntelmen nearefte aboute his perfon, remembcringe the maieftie of a king, and that it ftoode 
 not with his honour to bargen ftondynge, tooke a greate ftoone owte of the ryuer, waffhynge and rubbynge it 
 veary decently, and fo put it vnder hym with humble reuerence. The kyng thus fyttyng, feemed with fygnes 
 and tokens to infmuate that it fliuld be lawful for owre men to fearche and viewe al the rjuers within his 
 dominion. Wherfore, the vi. day of the Ides of February, leaning his boates with certeyne of his coonipany, 
 he wente by lande a foote from the bankes of Beragua vntyl he came to the ryuer of Duraba, whiche he 
 affirmeth to be richer in gold then eyther II'.! m or Beragua. For gold is engendred in al the riuers of that 
 land. In fo muche that emonge the roote j of the trees growynge by the bankes of the ryuers, and amonge the 
 ftones left of the water, and alfo where .r euer they dygged a hole or pyt in the grounde not pafte the deapthe 
 of a handftiU and a halfe, they founde the earthe taken owte therof, myxte with golde : Where vppon he deter- 
 myned to foften his foote there and to inhabyte. Whiche thynge the people of the countrey perceauynge and 
 fmellynge what inconuenyence and myfchiefe myght thereof enfewe to their countrey if they fliuhle permitte 
 ftraungers to plante their habitation there, affeir-iled a great army, and with horrible owte cr)'e aflayled owre 
 
 IS} 
 
 Spytefull pt'op'e. 
 
 Ciuns make peace. 
 
 Selietl ^iiliieii 
 ryiicra 
 
 Niilc, where llle 
 ptentie '.fgoUlc 
 eiulelh 
 
 Pigttoncm, 
 
 I -Ma. 
 
 /W/us Bt'llits, 
 
 Payntcd people. 
 
 A strange syglit. 
 
 A stiel in tlie 
 ■.tecde of a 
 coiipiece. 
 
 Crociililes of 
 sweete sauuur. 
 Alcayr or Babili.n 
 in Et:'nt 
 
 Shippe.1 eaten 
 with vvorrnes. 
 
 Alexanilria in 
 IvKypte. 
 
 Bronta. 
 
 /!rritgiiit. 
 
 109 
 
 How tlic king of 
 Hcragua 
 cntertcyiicd the 
 lyeuctrri.iuiitu. 
 
 Their reuerence to 
 the kynge. 
 
 fiiildc in the ryuer 
 Duraba. 
 
 Gre.it plenty of 
 golde. 
 
 ■m 
 
 I 
 
 ?r 
 
m^ 
 
 mwm 
 
 WKm 
 
 " i" 
 
 u 
 
 I?' 
 
 If 
 
 ^f 
 
 151 
 
 Slynges ami 
 dartex. 
 
 I.iltcrty more 
 cslccmcd then 
 ry':hcs. 
 
 The Spnnyanlcs 
 
 n.rt* dryuen to 
 night 
 
 'I'lic Ihndc of 
 Iiiiii.'tica. 
 
 A tnyscrablc .'.a-ic. 
 
 110 
 
 Ncces-sytie hath 
 no lawe howe 
 farrc lyfe is to bee 
 esteemed. 
 
 A daiingerous 
 ciiterpryse. 
 
 Sit flit us 
 Doniinicus. 
 
 I.imdcA found by 
 C'olonus. 
 
 'i'cnipcrate rcf^ionE 
 and hulsomc aicr 
 
 Ci'tiihiiro, 
 
 //iih-.t. 
 Heriigua. 
 fclxpcrte niyncr.-;. 
 
 A Kodty nature In 
 lold 
 
 goldc. 
 
 Ciulden hiiruL'st 
 
 T/ic thynic Decade 
 
 men (who had nowe begoonnc to biiyklc lioufcs) foo defperatcly that they were fcarcely able to abyde the 
 fyrfle bninte. Thefe naked barbarians at their fyrfl approche, vfed onely flynges anddartes: But when they 
 came nearer to liande ftrookes, tliey foiiglite with their woodden fwoordes whiche they caule Machanas, as wee 
 liaue Hiyd before. A man woolde not thinke what great malice and wrath was kyndcled in their hartes ageinft 
 owre men : And with what defjieratc m)ndes they fought for the defenfe of their lybcrtie whiclie they more 
 eReeme tlien lyfe or rycheffe. For they were nowe fo vo)cle of all feare, and conteninynge deathe, that they 
 neyther feared longe bowes or croffebowes, nor yet (whiche is nioofle to bt marueyled) were any thynge 
 difcouraged at the terryble noyfc of the gunnc:; ihotte of from the fliyppes. They retyred once. I'ut (hortly 
 after encreafynge their noumbcr, the\- returned more fiercely then at the fyrfle. They woolde haue byn 
 contented to haue receyued owre luen Ireiidly as flraungers, but not as inhabitours. The more inflante that 
 owTe men were to reniaine, fo muche the greater multitude of bortherers flocked togyther dayly, dillurbyng them 
 both nyght and daye fumtymes on the one fyde and fumtymes on the otiier. The fliyps lying at anker neare 
 vnto the fliore, warded them on the backc halfe. But at the length tliey were fayne to forfake this lande, and 
 retourne backe the fame way by the which tliey came. Thus with much diffyculty and danger, they came to 
 the Hand of laimuai lyenge on the fouth fyde of Ilifpaniola and Cuba, with their fliyppes as full of holes as 
 fieiies, anil fo eaten witli woornies, as tliough they had byn bored through with wimbles. The water entered 
 fo fafle at the ryftcs and holes, that if they had not with the paynefull labour of their handes empted the fame 
 as fafl.e, they were lyke to haue peryffhed. Where as yet by this meanes they arryued at Jamaica, althoughe 
 in maner halfe deade. But their calamitie ceafed not here. For as fall as their fliyppes leaked, their llrengthe 
 dimynifflied fo that they were no longer able to keepe theym from fynkynge. By reafon wherof, faulynge into 
 the handes of the barbarians, and inclofed witliowte hojie of departure, they led their lyues for the fpace of 
 tenne montlies emong the nakeel people more myferably then euer dyd Achcmcnides enionge the gyantes cauled 
 Cidopcs: rather lyuing then bcinge eyther contented or fatiflied with the flrange nicates of that Ilande: and 
 that onely at fuch tymes as plcafed the barbarians to giue them part of theirs. The deadly enmity and malice 
 whiche thefe barbarous kinges beare one ageinfl an other, made gre tly with owre men. For at fuche tymes 
 as they attempted warre ageinfl their bortherers they woold fumtymes gyue owre men parte of theyr breade to 
 ayde them. But howe myferable and wretched a thyng it is to lyue onely with breade gotten by beggynge, 
 yowre holyneffe niaye eafylye coniecture; Efiiecially where all other accuflomed foode is lackynge, as wyne, 
 oyle, flefflie, butter, chiefe, and milke, wherwith tlie floniakes of owr people of Europe haue euer byn noorifflied 
 euen from their cradelles. Thcrfore as neceffyty is fubiecte to no la\ve, fo doothe it enforce men to attempte 
 defperate aduentures. And thofe the foner, which by a certeyne nobylytie of nature do no further efleeme 
 lyfe then it is ioyned with funime felicity. Batholomcits Colonus therfore, intendynge rather to proue what god 
 woolde do with hym and his companyons in thefe extremities, then any longer to abide the fame, commaunded 
 Diegus Mendez his fle,.ard with two guydes of that Ilande whonie he had hyred with promyffes of great rewardes 
 at their retourne, to enter into one of their canoas and take their viage to Ilifpaniola. Beynge thus tofled on 
 the fea two and fro from rocke too rocke by reafon of the fliorteneffe and narownes of the canoa, they arryued 
 at the length at the lade corner of Hifpauiola, beynge diflante from Jamaica fortie leagues. Here his guydes 
 departynge from hyni, returned ageine to Colonus for the rewardes which he had proniyfed them. But Viegus 
 Mendez wente on forward a foote vntyll he came to tlie citie cauled SanHus Doniinicus beynge the chiefe and 
 heade citye of the Ilande. The offycers and rulers of JJifpaniola, beinge enformed of the matter, appoynted 
 hym two fliyppes wherwith he retourned to his maifler and coonipanions. As he founde them, foo came they 
 to JJi/paniola, verye feeble and in maner naked. \Vhat chaunced of them afterwarde, I knowe not as yet. 
 Lette vs nowe therfore leaue thefe particulers, and fpeake fumwhat more of generals. In al thofe tractes whiche 
 we fayde here before to haue bynne found by Colonus the Admyrall, bothe he hym felfe writeth, and all his 
 coompanyons of that vyage confeffe, that the trees, lierbes, and frutes, are floryfliing and greene all the hole 
 yeare, and the ayer fo temperate and holefome, that of all his coompanye there neuer fell one man fycke, nor 
 yet were \'e.\ed eyther with extreme coulde or heate for the fpace of fyftie leagues from the great hauen of 
 Cerabaro to the ryuers of JJicbra and Beragua. Th[e]inhabitantes of Ca-abaro, and the nations whiche are 
 betwyxte that and the fayde ryuers, apjilye not them felues to the gatherynge of golde but onely at certeyne 
 tymes of the yeare : And are very experte and cunnyng herein, as are owre myners of fyluer and Iren. They 
 knowe by longe experience in what places golde is moofte abundantly engendred : as by the colour of the 
 water of the ryuers, and fuche as faule from the montaynes: And alfo by the colour of the earthe and flones. 
 They beleue a certeyne godly nature to be in golde, forafniuche as they neuer gather it excepte they vfe 
 certeyne relygious expiations or ])ourgynge, as to abfl.eyn from women, and all kyndes of plefures and delycate 
 nieates and drinkes, tluring all the tyme that their golden haruefl, laflethe. They fuppofe that men do naturally 
 lyue and dye as other beafl-es do, and therfore honour none other thynge as god. Yet doo they praye to the 
 foonne, and honour it when it ryfeth. But lette vs nowe fpeake of the montaines and fituation of thefe landes 
 
The thyrde Decade. 
 
 155 
 
 From all the fea bankes of thefe regyons, exceding great and hyghe mountaynes are feene towarde the Southe, 
 yet reachynge by a continuall tracte from the Eafle into the wefle. By reafon wherof I fuppofe that the two 
 greate feas (wherof I haue fpoken larg[e]ly before) are deuided with thefe montaynus as it were with bulwarkes, 
 leafte they (houkle ioyne and repugne, as Italye deuideth the fea cauled Tirrhenum, from the fea Adriatyke, 
 which is nowe commonly cauled the goulfe of Venes. 
 
 For whiche waye foo euer they fayled from the poynt cauled Promontorium, S. Augujlini (whiche perteyneth 
 to the Portugales and profpecteth ageynfle the fea Atlantike) euen vnto Viaba and the hauen Cerabaro, and to 
 the furthell Lindes found hytherto wellwarde, they had euer greate mountaynes in fyghte both nere hande and 
 farre of, in all that longe rafe. Thefe mountaynes were in fume place, fmooth, pleafaunt and frutfuU, full of 
 goodly trees and herbes: And fumwhere, hygh, rowgh, ful of rockes, and baren, as chaunfeth in the famus 
 mountaynes of Taurus in AJla, and alfo in dyuers coafl.es of our mountaynes of Apeniibii, and fuche other of 
 lyke byggenefle. The rydgies alfo of thefe mountaynes are diuided with goodly and fayre valleis. That part 
 of the mountaynes which includeth the lymettes of Bcragua, is thought to be hygher then the clowdes, in fo 
 much that (as they faye) the tops of them can feklome bee feene for the multitude of thicke clowdes which are 
 beneath the fame. Colonus the Admirall the fyrfle fynder of thefe regions, affirmeth that the toppes of the 
 montaynes of Beragua are more then fiftie myles in heyghth. He fayth furthermore that in the fame region 
 at the rotes of the montaynes the way is open to the fouth fea, and compareth it as it were bctwene Venice and 
 Genua, or lanua as the Genues wyll haue it cauled, whiche fable that theyr citie was buyldcd of lanus. He 
 affirmeth alfo that this lande reacheth foorth towarde the fouth : And that from henfe it taketh the begynnynge 
 of breadth, lyke as from the Alpes owte of the narowe thygh of Italy, we fee the large and mayne landcs of 
 Fraunce, Germanye, and Pannonye, to the Sarmatians and Scythyans, euen vnto the mountaynes and rockes of 
 Riphea and the frozen fea, and embrafe ther\vith as with a continuall bonde, all T[h]racia, and Grecia, with all that 
 is included within the promontorie or poynt of Alaka and Hcl/.fpontus fouthwarde, and the fea Euxinus and the 
 maryfflies of Mxotis in Scythia northwarde. The Admirall fuppofethe, that on the lefte hande in faylynge 
 towarde the wefle, this lande is ioyued to India beyonde the ryuer of Ganges : And that on the ryght hande 
 towarde the North, it bee extended to the frofen fea, beyonde the Hyperboreans and the North pole : So that 
 I both the feas (that is to meane that fouth fea which we fayde to bee founde by Vafc/uis, and owre Ocean) 
 
 fliulde ioyne and meete in the corners of that lande ; And that the waters of thefe feas doo not onely inclofe 
 and compalTe the fame withowt diuifion as Europe is inclofed with the feas of Hcllefpontus and Tanais, with the 
 frofen Ocean and owre fea of Tyrrhenum with the Spanyfflie feas. But in my opinion, the vehement courfe of 
 the Ocean toward the welle, doth fignifie and lette that the fayde two feas fliulde not fo ioyne togither: But 
 rather that that land is adherent to the firme landes towarde the Northe, as we haue foyde before. It fliall 
 fuffice to haue fayde thus muche of the length hereof Let vs nowe therfore fpeake fumwliat of the breadth of 
 the fame. We haue made mention before howe the fouth fea is diuided by narowe lymittes from owre Ocean, as 
 it was proued by th[e]experience of Vafchus Nuniuz and his coonii)anions which fyrfl. made open the way 
 thyther. But as dyuerdy as the mountaynes of owre Alpes in Europe are fumwhere narowe and in fume place 
 brode, euen fo by the lyke prouidence of nature, this lande in fume parte reacheth farre in breadth, and is in 
 other places coarcted with narowe limettes from fea to fea, with valleys alfo in fume places, wherby men maje 
 paflfe from the one fyde to the other. Where we haue defcrybed the regions of Vraba and Bcragua to bee fituate, 
 thefe feas are diuided by fmaule diflaunce. Yet owght we to tliynke the region which the great ryuer of 
 Maragnonus runneth through, to bee very large if we fliall graunt Maragnonum to bee a ryuer and no fea, as the 
 freflie waters of the fame owght to perfuade vs. For in fuche narowe caues of the earth, there can bee no 
 fwalowing goulfes of fuch bygnelTe as to receaue or nooryflie fo great abundance of water. The lyke is alfo to 
 bee fuppofed of the great ryuer oi Dabaiba which we fayde to bee from the comer of the goulfe of Vraba in 
 fume place of fortic fatliomes depth, and fumwhere fiftie; Alfo three myles in breadth, and fo to faule into the 
 fex We mufl needes graunt that the earth is brode there, by the whiche the ryuer paffeth from the hyghe 
 mountaynes oi I>ak,.ia from the Eafle and not from the wefl. They fay that this ryuer confifleth and taketh 
 his encreafe of foure other ryuers faulynge from tlie mountaynes oi Dabaiba. Owre men caule this ryuer 
 Flunun. S. lohannis. They foy alfo that from henfe it fauleth into the goulfe of Vraba by feuen mouthes as 
 doothe the ryuer of Nilus into the fea of Egypte. Lykewyfe that in the fame region of Vraba there are in fume 
 places narowe flreyghtcs not paffynge fyftene leaques : and tlie fame to bee fahiage and withow t any jjaffage by 
 reafon of dyuers mar)'ffhes and defolate wayes, which the Latines caule Lamas: But the Spanyardes accordynge 
 to their varietie, caule them Trcmedahs, Trampalcs, Ciiugah's, Sumidcros, and Zaitondaderos. But before we 
 palTe any further, it fliall not bee greatly from owr purpofe to declare from whenfe thefe mountaynes of Dabaiba 
 haue theyr name accordynge vnto th[e]antiquities of th[e]inliabitantes. They faye therefore that Dabaiba was 
 a woman of greate magnanimitie and wyfedome emonge theyr prediceflburs in owlde tyme; whom in her lyfe, 
 all th[e]inhabitantes of thofe prouinces did greatly reuerence, and beingo deade gaue her diuine honour and 
 
 Hyghe and greate 
 mount.iynes. 
 
 Tyrrhenmiin is 
 
 nowe cauled 
 
 Tuscane 
 
 Cap. S. A iigustiiii. 
 
 1 'rahtu 
 
 Ci-fttbiirff. 
 
 Frutful 
 
 mountaynes. 
 
 Apennini are 
 
 niount.aynes 
 
 which Jiuide 
 
 Italy into. ii. 
 
 partes 
 
 Bcragua 
 The mountaynes 
 of Heragua higher 
 then the clouucb. 
 Montaynes of 
 hftic miles heyght. 
 
 Ill 
 
 lanus otherwyse 
 cauled laphet, the 
 son of Noe. 
 
 Italy is lyke vnto 
 a lt;gge in the 
 sea, and the 
 mountaynes of ilie 
 alpes, are in the 
 thyghe thereof 
 
 Colonus hi.s 
 opinion of the 
 supposed 
 Continent. 
 Hy this coniecture. 
 the way sliiild be 
 open to Cathay by 
 the hipcrboreaiis 
 
 Looke the 
 nauig.'ition of 
 Cabote. deca[dej. 
 iii. lib. vi. 
 
 The brcadili of 
 the lande 
 
 'I'he regions of 
 Vraba and 
 Heragua. 
 
 The greate riiier 
 Maragnonus. 
 
 The j^reate riuer 
 Dabaiba, or sanely 
 lohannis. 
 
 The ryers haue 
 theyr increase 
 friMu the spryngcs 
 of llic montaynes. 
 
 The ryuer of Niiu: 
 in Kgypie. 
 
 Maris?,hes and 
 desolate wayes. 
 A superstitious 
 opinu)n of 
 th[eloriginall of 
 montainea of 
 DabaiUu 
 
 ' 
 
 
 I 
 
 I I 
 
 i i 
 

 ■niRMIMIH 
 
 11- 
 
 i "il 
 
 156 
 
 T/ie thyyde Decade. 
 
 112 
 
 Dragons .itid 
 crocodilu-^ in ihc 
 niari^hcs 
 
 The hauen 
 Cerabara 
 
 Twcntie golden 
 ryucrs. 
 
 Precious stones. 
 
 A precious 
 dieuionde of 
 exccdyngc bygncs. 
 
 Topascs. 
 
 The Spanyardes 
 contemne 
 cfTeininate plcsurc: 
 
 Swcete sauours. 
 
 A similitude 
 prouing great 
 jilciiiic of goldc 
 and precious 
 stonei 
 
 The hauen of 
 Sancta Mariha. 
 Cariai, 
 
 The heroical 
 fades of the 
 Spaniardcs. 
 
 113 
 
 named the region after her name, beleuynge that fliee fendeth thunder and lyghtnynge to dellroy the frutes of 
 the earth yf fliee bee angered, and to fend plcntie if fliee bee well pleafed. This fuperftition hathe byn 
 perfuaded them by a craftie kynde of men vnder pretenfe of religion to th[e]intent that they might enioye fuche 
 gyftes and offeringes as were brought to the place where fliee was honoured. This is fufficient for this purpofe. 
 They fiye furthermore that tlie marj'fflies of the narowe lande wherof we haue fpoken, brynge foorth great 
 plentie of Crocodiles, dragons, battes, and gnattes beinge very hurtfull. Therefore when fo euer they take any 
 iorney towarde the fouthe, they go owte of the way towarde the mountaynes, and efchewe the regions neare vnto 
 thofe perelous fennes or maryflies. Sume thinke that there is a valley lyinge that way that the ryuer runneth 
 which owre men caule Rio dc los perdidos, that is, the ryuer of the lofl men (fo named by the miffortune whiche 
 there befell to Nicucfa and liis coompany) and not far diflant from the hauen Cerabaro whiche diuideth thofe 
 mountaynes towarde the fouth. But let vs nowe fyniflie this booke with a fewe other thynges woorthy to bee 
 noted. They fay therefore that on the ryght hande and lefte hande frome Darkna, there are twentie ryuers in 
 all the whiche, greate plentie of golde is founde. Being demaunded what was the caufe why they brought no 
 greater abundance of golde from thenfe, they anfwered that they lacked myners : And that the men which they 
 tooke with them from Spayne thyther, were not accuflomed to laboure, but for the mode parte brought vp 
 in the warres. This lande feemeth alfo to promeffe many precious flones. For befyde thofe which I fayde 
 to bee founde neare vnto Cariai and Saiifla Martha, one Andreas Mora/is a pylot (who had trauayled 
 thofe coaftes with lohanncs de la Cojfa whyle he yet lyued) had a precious diamonde which he bought of a 
 naked younge man in the region of Ciimana in the prouince of Faria. This flone was as longe as two 
 ioyntes of a mans middell f>nger, and as bygge as the fyrd ioynte of the thumme : beinge alfo paynted on euery 
 fyde, confiflynge of eyght fquares perfectly formed by nature. They fay that with this they made fcarres in 
 anuilles and hanuners, and brake the teethe of fyles, the (lone remaynyng vnperyfflied. The younge 
 man of Ctimana, wore this Rone aboute his necke emonge other ouches, and foulde it to Andreas Moralis 
 for fyue of our counterfect (lones made of glalTe of dyuers colours wherwith the ignorant younge man was greatly 
 delyted. They founde alfo certeyne topafes on the (liore. But th[e]ellimation of golde was fo farre entered 
 into the heades of owre men, that they had no regarde to Hones. Alfo the mofl part of the Spanyardes, do 
 lawgh them to fcorne which vfe to weare many flones: fpecially fuch as are common; ludginge it to bee an 
 effeminate thynge, and more meete for women then men. The noble men onely when they celebrate folemne 
 mariages, or fet forth any triumphes, weare cheynes of gold byfet with precious Rones, and vfe fayre apparell of 
 fylke embrothered with golde intermi.xt with pearles and precious Rones: And not at other tymes. They 
 thynke it no leffe efleminate for men to fmell of the fweete fauours of Arabic: And iudge hym to bee infected 
 with fum kynde of fylthy lechery, in whom they fmell the fauour of mufke or Cajloreum. But lyke as by one 
 apple taken from a tree, we may perceyue the tree to bee frutfull, and by one fyflie taken in a ryuer, we may 
 knowe that fyflie is ingendered in the fame, euen fo, by a lyttel gold, and by one Rone, we owght to confyder 
 that this lande bringeth forthe great plentie of golde and precious Rones. What they haue found in the porte 
 of SanHa Martha in the region of Cariai when the hole nauye paffed therby vnder the gouernaunce of Petrus 
 Arias and his coompany with certeine other of the kynges offycers, I haue fuffyciently declared in his place. 
 To be fliorte therefore, all thynges do fo floryfflie, growe, encreafe, and prolper, that the laRe are euer better 
 then the fyrRe. And furely to declare my opinion herin, what fo euer hath heretofore byn difcouered by the 
 famous trauayles of Satnniiis and Hercules, with fuch other whom the antiquitie for their heroical factes honoured 
 as goddes, feemeth but lyttell and obfcure if it be compared to the Spanyardes victorious laboures. Thus I byd 
 yowre holynes fare well, defyringe yowe to certifye nie howe yowe lyke thefe fyrRe fnUes of the Ocean, that 
 beyng encoraged with yowre exhortations, I maye the gladlyer and with leffe tedioufneffe write fuche thynges as 
 flial chaunce lieraRer. 
 
 The 
 
 FYFT ROOKE OF THE THIRDE DECADE. 
 
 L fuche l)'uynge creatures as vnder the cercle of the nioone bringe forthe any thynge, are 
 accuRomed by th[e]inRincte of nature as foone as they are delyuered of their byrthe, eyther 
 to clofe vppe the matrice, or at the leaRe to bee quyete for a fpace. But owre niooRe frute- 
 fuU Ocean and newe woorlde, engendcreth and bringeth furthe dayly newe byrthes wherby 
 men of great wytte, and efpecially fuche as are Rudyous of newe and meruelous thinges, may 
 haue fumwhat at hand wherwith to feede their myndes. If yowre holyneffe do aflce to what 
 purpofe is al this, ye (hal vnderRand, that I had fcarcely fynyffhed the hiRorye of fuche thynges 
 as chaunfed to Va/cluis Nunnez and his coompanye in their vyage to the fouthe fea, when foodenly there came 
 
 'S \ \\ 
 
 fl 
 
;s wherby 
 
 The thyrde Decade. 
 
 157 
 
 newe letters from Petrus Arias the newe gouernoiir wliom the kyng Iiad appoynted the yeare before with an 
 army of men and a nauye of fliippes to fayle to thefe newe landes. He fygnifycth l)y his letters, that he with 
 his nauye and coompany, arryued all fafelye. Furthermore, lohannes Cabcdus (whome yowre holynes at the 
 requefte of the mode catholyke kynge had created byfflioppe of that prouynce of Darima) and three other of 
 the chiefe offycers ioined in commiffion to be his aflyftance, as Alfonfm de Foiite, Ditxiis Marques, and lohannes 
 lie Tanira, confyrraed the fame letters and fubfcribcd them with their names. The nauygation therfore of 
 Petrus Arias, was in this maner. 'i'he daye before the Ides of Apryll, in the yeare of Chrifte. 15 14. he hoyfed 
 vppe his fayles in the towne of faincte Lucar de Barrameda, fytuate in the niouthe of the ryuer Ba;tis, whiche 
 the Spaniardes nowe caule Guadakhehir. The feuen Ilandes of Caiiaria are about foure hundreth myles diftant 
 from the place where this riuer fauleth into the fea. Summe thinke that thefe are the Ilandes which the owlde 
 writers did caule the fortunate Ilandes. But other thynke the contrary. The name of thefe Ilandes, are thefe. 
 The two whiche appere fyrlle in fyght, are named Lanzclota and Fortifuentiira. On the backehalfe of thefe, 
 lyeth Magna Canaria or Grancanaria. Beyonde that is Tencrife: and Gomcra fumwhat towarde the northe 
 frome that. Palma and Ferrca, lye behynde as it were a bulwarke to all the other. Petrus Arias therfore, arriued 
 at Gomera the eyghte daye after his departure, with a nauye of. xvii. fliippes and a. M. [thousand] and fyue 
 hundreth men, althoughe there were onely a thoufand and two hundreth aflygned hym by the kynges letters. 
 It is fayde furthermore that he lefte behynd hym more then two thoufande verye penfyue and fyghynge that 
 they alfo myght not be receaued, proferynge them felues to go at their owne charges. He taried. xvi. dayes in 
 Gomera to th[e]intente to make prouyfyon of fuell and freflie water: But chiefely to repjyre his fliyppes beynge 
 fore brofed vith tempeftes, and efpecially the gouernours (hippe whiche had lofle the rudder. For thefe 
 Ilandes are a commodious reftynge place for all fuche as intende to attcmpte any nauygations in that mayne 
 fea. Departynge from henfe in the nones of Maye, he fawe no more lande vntyll the thirde daye of lune, 
 at the whiche he arriued at Dominica an Ilande of the Canibalcs, being diflant from Gomera aboute eyght 
 hundreth leaques. Here he remayned foure dayes, makinge newe prouifion of freflie water and fuell, durynge 
 whiche tyme he fawe no man nor yet any fleppes of men ; But foundc plentie of fea crabbes and greate lyfartes- 
 From henfe he fayled by the Ilandes of Matinina (otherwyfe cauled Madanino) Guadalupea, and Galanta 
 (other\vyfe cauled Galana) of all whiche, we haue fpoken in the fyrfle decade. He paffed alfo throughe 
 the fea of herbes or weedes, continuyng a long tracte. Yet nother he, nor Colonus the Admyrall (who 
 fyrfl.e founde thefe Ilandes and fayled through this fea of weedes) haue declared anye reafon howe 
 thefe weedes Ihoulde coome. Summe thynke the fea too be verye muddye there, and that thefe weedes 
 are engendered in the bottome therof, and fo beynge loofed, to afcende to the vppermoofte parte of the 
 water, as wee fee oftentymes chaunce in certejne flondynge pooles, and fumtymes alfo in greate ryuers. 
 Other fuppofe that they are not engendered there, but to bee beaten from certeyne rockes by the 
 vyolence of the water in tempeftes. And thus they leaue the matter in dowte: Neyther haue they yet 
 any certeyne experyence whether they fl.ycke fafte and gyue place to the Ihyppes, or wander loofe vppon 
 the water. But it is to bee thought that they are engendered there. For otherwyfe they fliulde bee dryuen 
 togyther on hcapes by th[e]ympulfyon of the fliyppes euen as a beafome gathereth the fwepynges of a houfe, and 
 fhulde alfo lette the courfe of the fliyppes. The fourth day after that he departed frome Dominica, the hyghe 
 mountaynes couered with fnowe (wherof we haue fpoken in the feconde decade) appered vnto hym. They fayc 
 that there the feas runne as fwyftely towarde the wefte, as it were a ryuer faulyng from the toppes of hyghe 
 montaynes : Although they fayled not directly toward the weft, but inclineil fumwhat to the fouth. From thefe 
 montaynes fauleth the ryuer of Gaira, famous by the flaughter of owre men at fuch tyme as Rodericiis 
 Colmenares pafled by thofe coaftes as we haue fayde before. Lykewyfe many other fayre ryuers haue their 
 originall from the fame montaynes. This prouynce (in the whiche is, alfo the regyon of Caramairi) hath in it 
 two notable hauens, of the which owre men named the one Carthago or Carthagcna, and the other Sancla 
 Martha, the region wherof, th[e]inhabitantes caule Saturma. The porte of Sanfla Martha, is nearer to the 
 montaines couered with fnowe cauled Monies Niuaks ; for it is at the rootes of the fame montaines. But the 
 hauen of Carthago, is more weftewarde aboute fyftie leaques. He writeth marueylous thynges of the hauen of 
 Sanfia Martha, whiche they alfo confirme that came lately from thenfc : Of the which younge Vcfputius is one 
 to whom Americus V<jputius his vncle (being a Florentine borne) left the exact knowlege of the mariners 
 facultie, as it were by inheritance after his death for he was a very expert maifter in the knowledge of his 
 carde, his compaffe, and the eleuation of the pole ftarre with all that perteincth therto. This younge Vefputius 
 was aflygned by the kyng to bee one of the maifters of the gouernours fliyppe, bicaufe he was cunninge in 
 iudgyng the degrees of the eleuation of the pole ftarre by the quadrante. For the charge of gouemynge the 
 rudder, was chiefely coommytted to one lohannes Serranus a Spaniarde, who had oftentymes ouer runne thofe 
 coaftes. Vefputius is my verye familyar frende, and a \vyttie younge man in whofe coompany I take great 
 pleafure, and therefore vfe hym oftentymes for my gefte. He hath alfo made many vyages into thefe coaftes, and 
 
 The bysshop of 
 Darienu. 
 
 The n.iuig.itioii of 
 Petrus Anas. 
 
 I The IlaiiJ of 
 Canarie- 
 
 Prouision of 
 fresshe water .tiiiZ 
 fuell. 
 
 The Hand of 
 Dominica. 
 
 Guadalupea, 
 otherwyse caulcj 
 L'arucueria, or 
 Queraquicra. 
 
 The sea of herbes. 
 
 !1I4 
 
 'i'hesc moiint.iyiies 
 arc cauled iMniUt:s 
 Niualcs (ir Scrra 
 Ncuatn, dccudc ii. 
 Iil)cr. i. and ii. 
 The swyfte course 
 of tim sea towarde 
 the west. 
 The ryuer Gaira. 
 Ciir.imairi. 
 
 Satuftua. 
 
 Mountaynes 
 couered with 
 suowc. 
 
 Vespntins. 
 
 
 i^. 
 
 ' ' -J 
 
 !! 
 
 ! 'I 
 
 ill 
 
 i 
 
 '< 'I 
 
 ■ i 
 
158 
 
 The thyrde Decade. 
 
 ;; "' *' 
 
 
 i: I 
 
 ■If V 
 
 ■:i 1 
 
 Tlie sl<iiitnc& nf 
 ihu Uarb.irians. 
 
 The Cinibiilf!! 
 feyght in ihu 
 «uter. 
 
 The vf: of pinncs. 
 
 The gcneracion of 
 thiinilcr aiul 
 lyghtnynge. 
 
 Venciiiuub arruweb 
 
 115 
 
 VIentie of fysshe. 
 
 Cunnynge 
 fysshcrs. 
 
 ThcjT houseliolde 
 stufle. 
 
 Tap[e]str>-- 
 
 A htraunge 
 phantasy. 
 
 This is he wtiom 
 Caiilanus praiseth. 
 
 Prccioub stones 
 The Smar.igdc is 
 the trew cimroje 
 Another kind uf 
 amber is fuunilc 
 in whales. 
 Ciold and brasile. 
 
 Marchasites are 
 flowers of tnetals, 
 by the colcuirs 
 wherof, thckyndes 
 of nietats are 
 knowen. 
 
 These locnstes 
 burne the come 
 with toching and 
 dcuonre the 
 residewe they are 
 in India of. iii, 
 foutc length. 
 
 diligently noted fuche thinges as he hath feene. Petnis Arias therforc writeth, and he confyrmelh the fame, 
 that th[e]inhabitantes of thefc rcgyons tookc their originall of the Caribes or Canibales, as appeared by the 
 defperate fiercenes and crueltie which they ol'tentymes fhewed to owre men when they pafled by their coaftes. 
 Suche floutenes and fortitude of mynde is naturallye engendered in thefe naked Barbarians, that they feared not 
 to affayle owre hole nauy and to forb)d thuni to coome a land. They feyght with vcnemous arrowes as we haue 
 fayde before. Perceauynge that owre men contempned their threatnynges, they i.iine furioufly into the fea, 
 euen vpjie to the breaftes, nothynge fearinge eyther the bygnes or multitude of owre fliyppes, but ceafed not 
 continually beinge thus in the water, to cafl dartus and finite their venemous arrowes as thit kc as hayle: In fo 
 muche that owre men had bynne in great daunger if tliey had not b}-n defended by the cages or pauiHes 
 of the fliypjK's and their targcttes. Yet were two of them wounded whiche died fliortcly after. But this 
 conflycte continued fo (liarpe, that at the length owre men were enforced to fhute of their byggefl pieces of 
 ordinaunce with haylefliotte; At the flaughter and terrilile noyfe wlierof the barbarians beynge fore difcomfited 
 and fliakcn with feare, thynkynge the fame to be thunder and lyghtnynge, tounied their backes and fledde 
 araayne. They greately feare thunder bycaufe thefe regions are oftentymes ve.xed with thunder and lyghtnynge 
 by reafon of the hyghe montaynes and nearenefle of the fame to the region of the ayer wherin fuch fierie 
 tempelles are engendered which the philofophers caule Meteora. And all be it that o\vie men had nowe dryuen 
 their enemyes to flyght, and liiwe them difijarded and owte of order, yet dowted they and were of dyuers 
 opinions whether they fliulde purfue them or not On the one partie, (hame pricked them forwarde, and on the 
 other fyde feare caufed them to cafle many pcrelles, efpecially confyderynge the venemous arrowes whiche thefe 
 barbarians canne direct fo ccrteynely. To dcparte from theym with a dr)'e foote (as faithe the prouerbe) with fo 
 great a nauye and fuche an armye, they reputed it as a thynge greately foundynge to their reproche and diflionour. 
 At the length therfore (liaihe ouercommyng feare, they purfued them and came to land wth their fliip])eboates. The 
 gouernoure of the nauie, and alfo Vefpiitius doo wryte, that the hauen is no lefle then three leagues in compalTe, 
 beinge alfo fafe withowt rockes, and the water therof fo clere, that a man may fee p\bble flones in the bottome 
 twentie cubettes deape. They faye lykewyfe that there fauleth twoo fayre r}'ucrs of freffhe water into the 
 hauen : but the fame to bee meeter to '^eare the canoas of thefe prouinces then anye bygger veffels. It is a 
 delectable thynge to heare what they tel of the plentie and varietie, and alfo of the pleafaunt tad of the fyfflies 
 afwel of thfcfe riuers as of the fea there about. By reafon wherof they founde here many fyffher boates and 
 nettes woonderfuUy wrought of the flalkes of certeyne herbes or weedes drycd and tawed and \vrethed with 
 cordes of fpunne goffampine cotton. For the people of Caramairi, Gaira, and Saturma, are very cunnynge in 
 fyffliynge, and vfe to fell fyffhe to theyr borthcrers for cxchaunge of fuche thynges as they lacke. When owre men 
 had thus chafed the Barbaryans from the fea coalles, and hadde nowe entered into theyr houfes, they affayled 
 them with newe llv nnufhes, efpecially when t]ie\' fixwe them faule to fackynge and fpoylyng, and theyr wyues 
 and chyldren taken captiue. Theyr houfeholde lluffe was made of great reedes which growe on the fea bankcs 
 and the flalkes of certeyne herbes beaten and afterward made harde. The floures therof were flrewed with 
 herbes of fundry coloures; And the waules hanged with a kynde of tap[e]fl,ry artificially made of goffampine 
 cotton, and wrought with pictures of Lions, Tygers, and Eagles. The doores of theyr houfes and chambers 
 were full of dyuers kyndes of flielles hangynge loofe by fmaule cordes, that beinge fliaken by the \vynde they 
 myght make a certeyne rattelynge and alfo a whyflelynge noyfe by gather}nge the wynde in theyr holowe 
 places. For herein they haue greate delyte, and impute this for a goodly ornamente. Dyuers haue fliewed me 
 many woonderfull thynges of thefe regions : Efpecially one Gonzalus Fcniandiis Ouicdus beinge one of the 
 maieflrates appointed in that office whicli the Spanyardes caule Vccdor, who hath alfo hetherto entered further 
 into the lande then any other. He affirmeth that he chaunced vppon the fragmente of a faphire bygger then 
 the egge of a goofe. And that in certeyne hylles where he trauayled with thirtic men, lie founde many of the 
 precious flones cauled Smaragdes, calcidones, and lafpers, befyde great pieces of amber of the montaines. He 
 alfo with dyuers other do aflirme that in the houfes of fume of the Canibales of thefe regions, they founde the 
 lyke precious flones fet in golde and inclofed in the tap[e]flry or arras (if it may foo bee cauled) wherewith they 
 hange theyr houfes. The fame lande bryngeth foorth alfo many wooddes of brafile trees and great plentie of 
 golde : In fo much that in maner in al places they founde on the fea bankes and on the (hoores, certeyne 
 marchafites in token of golde: Fcniandus Ouicdus declareth furthermore that in a certeyne region cauled Zctiu, 
 lyinge foure fcore and tenne myles from Dariena Eaflwarde, they exercyfe a flraunge kynde of marchaundies. 
 For in the houfes of the inhabitantes, they founde greate chefles and bafkets made of the twigges and leaues of 
 certeyne trees apte for that puipofe, beinge all full of greffehoppers, grylles, crabbes, or crefyffhes: fnayles alfo, 
 and locufles whiche deftrowe the fieldes of come, all well dryed and failed. Beinge demaunded why they 
 referued fuch a multitude of thefe beafles, they anfwered that they kepte them to bee tbulde to theyr bortherers 
 which dwell further within the lande : And that for the exchange of thefe precious byrdes and falted fyflhes, 
 they receaued of them certeyne flrange thynges wherin partely they take pleafure, and partly %'fe tlicm for 
 
 11 
 
The thyyde Decade. 
 
 159 
 
 Kriitcful 
 iiionUyiies. 
 
 Gardens. 
 Insjibrct are 
 nowe c.iulud 
 I.uinl>.ir(lcs, iiiiil 
 lictriihci, 'l'us(.aiM 
 
 116 
 
 Many coimtrcys 
 k-flc desolate by 
 the tierceiies of 
 the Canibalc^. 
 
 One my, :aLli,' i.s 
 tell th^.iSiUule. 
 
 A inUernMe 
 hoaryiige. 
 
 Ureadc of roote*. 
 
 theyr neceffary affayers. Thefe people dwel not togyther, but fcattered here and there, Th[e]inhabitantes of 
 
 Caramairi, feeme to dwel in an cartlily Paradife, theyr region is fo fayre and frutefull, withowt owtragious lieatc : The fayre renii.n 
 
 or fliarpe coulde, with lyttle ditVerence of the length of day and nyght throwghowt all the yeare. After that 
 
 owre men had thus dryuen tlie barbarians to flyght, they entered into a valley of two leagues in breadth and | 
 
 three in length, extendynge to certeyne frutful mountayncs fvd of graflfe, herbes, and trees, at the rootes wherof, 
 
 lye twoo other valleys towarde tlie ryght hande and the left, throwgh eythcr of the which runneth a fayre ryuer, 
 
 whereof the ryuer of Gaira is one, but vnto the other they haue yet gyuen noo name. In thefe valleys they 
 
 I'ounde manye fayre gardeyns and pleafaunte fyeldes watered with trendies diftrybuted in manieylous order, 
 
 with no leffe arte then owre Infubrians and Hetrurians vfe to water theyr fyekles. Theyr connnon meate, 
 
 is Ages, Iiicca, Maiziiim, BiUtalii, with fuche other rootes and frutes of trees, and alfo fuche fyfflie as they vfe in 
 
 the llandes and other regions of thefe prouincos. They eate mans flelbe but feldonie, bycaufe they meete not 
 
 oftentymes with ftrangiers, except they goo foorth of theyr owne dominions with a niayne arniye of purpofe to 
 
 hunt for men, when tiieyr rauenj'nge appetite pricketh them forwarde. For they abfleyne from them felues, anil 
 
 eate none but fuche as they take in the warres or otherwyfe by chaunce. But fuerly it is a miferable thynge to 
 
 heare howe many myriades of men thefe fylthy and vnnaturall deuourers of mans (lefflie haue confunied, and 
 
 lefte thoufandes of moRe fayre and frutfull llandes and regions defolate withowte menne: By reafon wherof 
 
 owre men founde fo many llandes whiche for theyr fayrenes and frutefulneffe myght feeme to bee certeyne earthly 
 
 Paradyfes, and yet were vtterly voyde of men. Hereby yowre holynelTe may confider howe pernitious a kynde 
 
 of men this is. We haue fayde before that the Ilande named i'lw^/ /<;/w//«w (which th[e]inhabitantes caule 
 
 Burichena) is nexte to llifpaniola. It is fayde that onely the Canibales which dwell in the other llandes nere 
 
 about this, as in the Ilande cauled Hayhay or Sancta Criicis, and in Guadaliipca (otherwife cauled Qiieraqiieiera, 
 
 or Caruaiieni) haue in owre tyme vyolentely taken owte of the fayde Ilande of SaiiHi loJiannis, more then fyue 
 
 thoufande men to bee eaten. But let it fuffice thus much to haue wandered by thefe mondrous bludfuckers. 
 
 We wyll nowe therfore fpeake fumewhat of the rootes whereof they make theyr breade, forafmuch as the fame 
 
 fliall hereafter bee foode to Chrillian men in (leede of breade made of wheate, and in the (leade of radyfflie with 
 
 fuch other rootes as they haue byn accuRomed to eate in Europe. We haue oftentymes liiyde before that Iiiaa 
 
 is a roote whereof the befte and mode delicate breade is made bothe in the firme lande of thefe regions, and 
 
 alfo in the llandes. But howe it is tylled or hufbanded, howe it groweth, and of howe dyuers kyndes it is, I 
 
 haue not yet declared. Therefore, when they intende to plante this lucca, they make a hole in the earth knee 
 
 deape, and rayfe a heape of the earth taken owte of the fame, fafliionynge it lyke a ftjuare bedde of nync foote 
 
 breadth on euerye fyde, fettynge twelue trunkes of thefe rootes (beinge about a foote and a halfe longe a piece) 
 
 in euery of the fayd beddes conteynynge three rootes of a fyde, fo layde a flopc, that the endes of them ioyne 
 
 in maner togyther in the center or myddefl of the bedde within the grounde. Owt of the ioyntes of the rootes 
 
 and fpaces betwene the fame, fprynge the toppes and blades of newe rootes, which by lyttle and lyttle encrea- 
 
 fynge, growe to the byggenes and length of a mans arme in the brawne, and oftentymes as bygge as the thygh: 
 
 So that by the tyme of thryr full ryponcs, in maner all the earthc of the heape, is conuerted into rootes. But 
 
 they fay that thefe rootes are not rype in leffe tyme then a yeare and a halfe: And that the longer they are 
 
 differed to growe euen vntyll twoo yeares complete, they are fo muche the better and more perfecte to make 
 
 breade therof When they are taken foorthe of the earth, they fcrape them and fl) fe them with certeyne fharpe 
 
 Hones feruynge for the fame purpofe : And thus layinge them betwene two great flones, or puttynge them in a 
 
 facke made of the flalkes of certeyne towgh herbes and fmaule reedes, they preffe them (as we do cheefe or 
 
 crabbes to drawe owte the iufe thereof) and fo let them drye a daye before they eate them. The iufe or 
 
 lyquoure, they cad away: for (as we haue fayde) it is deadly poyfon in the llandes. Yet is the iufe of fuche as 
 
 growe in the firme lande, holfome it it bee fodde, as is the whey of owre mylke. They faye that there are manye 
 
 kyndes of this lucca, wherof fome are more pleaiiiunte and delycate then the other, and are therefore refenied 
 
 as it were to make fine manchet for the kynges owne tables. But the gentelmen eate of the meaner forte, and 
 
 the common people of the bafed. The fyned they caule Cazabbi, which they make rounde lyke cakes in 
 
 certeyne preffes before they feeth it or bake it. They faye furthermore that there are lykewyfe dyuers kyndes 
 
 of the rootes of Ages and Battata. But they vfe thefe rather as frutes and dyffhes of feruice, then to make 
 
 breade therof, as we vfe rapes, radyfdies, mufflieronis, nauies, perfeneppes, and fuch lyke. In this cafe, they 
 
 moode efpecially edeeme the bed kynde of Ba/tatas, which in pleafant tad and tendernes farre exceadeth owre 
 
 muflieromes. It dial fuffice to haue fayde thus muche of rootes. We wyll nowe fpeake therfore of an other 
 
 kynde of theyr breade. We declared before that they haue a kynde of grayne or pulfe muche lyke vnto 
 
 Panicum, but with fumwhat bygger graines, which they beate into meale vppon certeyne greate hoUowe dones 
 
 with the labour of their handes when they lacke lucca: And of this is made the more vulgar or common breade. 
 
 It is fowen thrife a yeare, fo that the fnitfulneffe of the grounde may beare it by reafon of the equalitie of the 
 
 lynie, whereof wee haue fpoken fuffyciently before. In thefe regyons they founde alfo the graine of Maizium, 
 
 'I he maner of 
 
 ptantinne the 
 route liicc.1. 
 
 Earth turned int3 
 
 rootes. 
 
 How breaile is 
 made of rootes. 
 
 A strainige 
 thynge. 
 
 Ciizahhi. 
 
 Ages and Battata 
 
 Panicuni is a 
 
 f;rayiie siiiuewtlat 
 yke mil The 
 Italians caule 1. 
 Mctica. 
 
 117 
 
 f 
 
 
 n 
 
 ■' til 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 
 i 
 
T 
 
 -11 
 
 ' i 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 ! I 
 
 i I 
 
 n 
 
 f u 
 
 160 
 
 T^e thynie Decade. 
 
 He ineanethe the 
 eqitatl length of 
 ilay ami ni^ht 
 which in 
 
 ci'iiiitui.iUy viulcr 
 the Equinoctial 
 lyne. 
 
 Mnisium 
 I'l.irth (if (lyiicrs 
 tuhiiir''. 
 
 Cnt.Ic in ryucr*. 
 
 Ilnrtes and bores. 
 
 Funics. 
 
 Holsomc aycr 
 
 Oossaiiipinc 
 
 cijtton. 
 
 l■'elhcr•^. 
 
 Howes ami 
 
 .'trrowes. 
 
 I ic:i(le budies 
 
 rtserucd 
 
 Ouches tif laton. 
 Oiiiizahis Ouicilus, 
 p.tyth that they 
 gilt marttclously 
 with the iuse uf a 
 ccrtcync hcrbc. 
 Whyte marble. 
 
 The great ryuer 
 Maragnomis. 
 This ioynethwith 
 the inyghty ryiicr 
 cau'cd Fliimen 
 Amazoniim, found 
 of late. 
 
 Ciokes of fethers. 
 
 US 
 
 The swyfte course 
 of the water. 
 
 xl. IcMques ill one 
 
 llJRllt. 
 
 and fundry kyndes of frutes of trees diligentely planted and well hufbanded. The waye betwene the regyons 
 of Caramairi and Satiiniui, is fayre, brode, and ryghte foorthe. They foundc here alfo fundrye kyndes of 
 waterpottes made of earihc of dyiiers colours, in the whiche they bothe fetche and kecpe frelhc water. I.yke- 
 wife fundry kindes of iugges, godderdcs, drynkyng cuppes, pottes, pannes, dyfilies, anil platters artifycially 
 made. When the gouernour had gyuen commaundemcnt by i)roclaniation, that th[e]inhabitantes fhulde cyther 
 obey the Chriflian kyiige and enibrafe owre rclygion, or cUes to dejjart owte of their countrcy, they anfwered 
 ivith vcnemous arrowos. In this llvyrmyflie, owre men tooke fumme of theym: whereof clothynge the moflc 
 parte in faire apparcU, they fcntc them ageynu to their owne coonip;iny; Hut Icadyng the rcfydue to the fliyppes 
 to th[e]intent to Ihcwe them the pourc and niagnyfyccnce of the ihrillians that they myght declare the fame to 
 their coompanions, therby to wynne their fauour, they appareled them lykewyfe and fente them after their 
 fulowes, 'I'heye affyrme that in all the ryiiers of thefe coafles, theye fawe great argumentcs and tokens of gokle. 
 They founde here and there in their houfes good ftore of hartes lleflhe and bores fleihe wherwith they fedde 
 them felues dilycatcly. They alfo, haue greate plentie of fundry kyndes of byrdes and foules, wherof they 
 brjnge vppe many in their houfes, fumme for necelTarye foode, and other for daynty dyfflics as we do hennes 
 and partriches. Owre men hereby coniecture that the aycr of thefe regions is veary holfonie, for as muche as 
 fleapynge all nyghte vnder the fyrmament on the bankes of the ryuers, none of them were at any tyme offended 
 with reumes or heade ache by reafon of any noyfome humoure or vapoure proceadynge from the earthe, ayer, 
 or water. Owre men furthermore, founde there many great bothomes of goffampync cotton ready fpunne, anil 
 fardelles of dyuers kyndes of fethers wherof they make them felues credes and plumes after the maner of owre 
 menofarmes; alfo certeine ciokes whiche they efleenie as mofle cumly ornamentes. They founde lykewyfe 
 an innumerable multitude of bowes and arrowes. Th[e]inhabitantes alfo of thefe regions, in fumme places vfe 
 to burne the carkefes of their prynces when theye arc deade, and to referue their bones buryed with fpyces in 
 certeyne hylles. In other places, they onely dr"o theym and imbaume them with fpyces and fweete gummes, 
 and foo referue them in fepulchers in their ovviil- houfes. Sumwhere alfo, they drye them, fpyce them, adourne 
 them with precyous iewells and ouches, and fo reuerently place them in certeyne tabernacles made for the 
 fame purpofe in their owne palayces. When owre men had many of their tabellets, braflettes, collers, and fuche 
 other ouches (whiche they caule Guanines) they founde them rather to bee made of laton then of golde : 
 wherby they fuppofe that they haue vfed to e.xchaunge their ware with fumme craftie flraungers whiche broughte 
 them thofe counterfect ouches to defraude them of their golde. For euen owre menne perceaued not the 
 deceate vntyll they came to the meltynge. Furthermore, certayne of owre buylders wander)nge a lyttell way 
 from the fea coafles, chaunced to fynde certayne pyeces of white marble. Wherby they thynke that in tyme 
 parte fumme flraungers haue coome too thofe landes, whiche haue dygged marble owte of the mountaines, and 
 lefte thofe fragmentes on the plaine. There owre men learned that the ryuer Afaragnonus defcendeth frome 
 the montaynes couered with fnowe cauled Monies Niiiaks or Serra Neiiata: And the fame to bee encreafed by 
 many other r) uers whiche faule into it throughowte all the lowe and watc[r]lye regions by the whiche it runneth 
 with fo longe a tracte from the fayde montaynes into the fea : And this to bee the caufe of the greatneffe therof 
 Thefe thynges beyng tl. brought to pafTe, the gouernour commaunded the trumpitour to blowe a retraite: 
 Whervppon they whiche were fente to lande (beynge fyue hundreth in noumber) makynge a great flioute for 
 ioye of their victory, fette them felues in order of battayle, and fo keping their array, returned to the (hippes 
 laden with fpoyle of thofe prouinces, and fliynynge in fouldiers ciokes of fethers, with faire plumes and crefles 
 of variable colours. In this meane tyme hauynge repaired their fhyppes and furnyflhed the fame with all 
 neceffaries, they loofed anker the, xvi. daye of the Calendes of luly, directynge their courfe to the hauen of 
 Carthagena, in the whiche viage they deftroyed and waRed certayne Ilandes of the Canibales lyinge in the waye, 
 accordynge as they were commaunded by the kynge. But the fwifte courfe of the water deceaued bothe 
 Johannes Scrranus the chiefe Pilot of the gouernours fliyppe, and all the other, althoughe they made their bode 
 that they perfectely knewe the nature therof. For they alfyrme that in one night they were caried forty leaques 
 beyonde their eftimation. 
 
 1 6a 
 
The tliynie Decade. 
 
 I6i 
 
 The syxte uooke of the thirde Decade. 
 
 I'Irc inuflc we funiwliat digrefle from cofniograpliy, and make a jiliilofophicall difcours to 
 fearche the fecreate caufes of nature. I-'or wheras they al aff\nne with one confent, that the 
 fea runneth there from the Kalle to the wefte as fwyftly as it were a ryuer fauHnge from hyglie 
 mountaynes, I thoiighte it not gootl to lette fo great a matter llyppe vntoiK hed. The whiche 
 while I confyder, I am drawen into no fniauie ambyguitie and doute, wliether thofe waters 
 haue their courfe whiche flowe with fo contyniiall a tracte in circuite from the Kade, as 
 thowghe they flcdde to the weft neuer to retourne, and yet neyther the wefle therby any 
 whitte the more fjUcd, nor tlie Eafte em[)tied. If we fliall faye tliat tiiey foule to their centre (as is the nature of 
 heuye thynges) and affigne the Equinoctiall lyne to be tlie centre (as fumme affyrme) wliat centre fliall we 
 appointe to bee able to receaue fo great aboundaunce of water? Or what circumference flial be founde weate? 
 They whiche haue fearched thofe coaftes, haue yet founde no lykely reafon to be trewe. Manye thynke that 
 there flnilde bee certeyne large ftraightes or enterances in the comer of that grcate lande whiche we defcribed 
 to bee eyght tymes bygger then Italye, and the corner thcrof to be full of gouifes, wherby they fui)pofe that 
 fumme ftrayghtes flmlde pafle through the fame lyinge on the wefte fyde of the Ihinde of Cuba: And that the 
 fayde ftraightes ftiuld fwalowe vp thofe waters, and fo conuey the fame into the wefte and from thenfe ageyn 
 into owre Eafte Ocean, or north feas as fumme thynke. (^ther wyll, that the goulfe of that great lande bee 
 clofed vppe : anil the lande to reach farre towarde the northe on the backe fyde of Cuba : fo that it embrace 
 the northe landes whiche the frofen fea encompafeth vnder the northe pole ; And that all the lande of thofe 
 coaftes, flioulde ioyne togyther as one firme lande : Wherby they coniecture that thofe waters flmlde bee turned 
 aboute by the obiecte or refyftaunce of that lande fo bendynge towarde the north, as we fee the waters tcurned 
 aboute in the crooked bankes of certeyne ryuers. But this agreeth not in all poyntes. For they alfo whiche 
 haue fearched the frozen fea, and foyled from thenfe into the wefte, do lykewyfe aftyrme that thofe northe feas 
 flowe contynually towarde the wefte, although nothing fo fwiftely. Thefe northe feas haue byn fearched by one 
 Sebaftian Cabot a Venetian borne, whom beinge yet but in maner an infante, his parentes caryed with them 
 into Englande hauyng occafion to reforte thether for trade of marchandies, as is the maner of the Venetians too 
 leaue no parte of the worlde vnfearched to obteyne richefle. He therfore furnifflied two fliippes in England at 
 his owne charges ; And fyrft with three hundreth men, directed his courfe fo flirre toward the northe pole, that 
 euen in the n.. jneth of luly he founde monftrous heapes of Ife fwimming on the fea, and in maner continuall 
 day lyght. Yet fawe he the lande in that tracte, free from Ife, whiche had byn molten by heate of the funne. 
 Thus feyng fuche heapes of Ife before hym he was enforced to tourne his foyles and folowe the wefte, fo 
 coaftynge ftyl) by the fliore, that he was thereby broughte fo farre into the fouthe by reafon of the lande bendynge 
 fo muche fouthward that it was there almofte ecjuall in latitude with the fea cauled Frcltim JJerciikiim, hauynge 
 the north pole eleuate in maner in the fame degree. He iayled Ijkewife in this tracte fo farre towarde the wefte, 
 that he had the Ilande of Cuba [on] his lefte hande in maner in the fame degree of longitude. As he traueyled by 
 the coaftes of this greate lande (whiche he named Bacca//aos) he foyth that he found the like courfe of the waters 
 toward the weft, but the fame to runne more foftely and gentelly then the fwifte waters whiche the Spanyardes 
 found m their nauigations foutheward. 
 
 Wherefore, it is not onely more lyke to bee trewe, but ought alfo of neceffitie to bee concluded, that 
 betwene both the landes hetherto vnknowen, there ftiulde bee certeyne great open places wherby the waters 
 fliulde thus continually paffe from the Eaft into the wefte : which waters I fuppofe to bee dryuen about the 
 globe of the earth by the vnceflaunt mouynge and impulfion of the heauens : and not to bee fwalowed vp and 
 caft owt ageyne by the breathynge of Demogorgon as fume haue imagined bycaufe they fee the feas by increafe 
 and decreafe, to flowe and reflowe. Sebaftian Cabot him felfe, named thofe landes Baccallaos, bycaufe that in 
 the feas therabout he founde fo great multitudes of certeyne bigge fyffhes much lyke vnto tunies (which th[e]in- 
 habitantes caule Baccallaos) that they fumtymes ftayed his fliippes. He founde alfo the people of thofe regions 
 couered with beaftes fkynnes : Yet not without th[e]ufe of reafon. 
 
 He faythe alfo that there is greate plentie of beares in thofe regions, whiche vfe to eatc fyfflie. For 
 plungeinge theym felues into the water where they perceue a multitude of thefe fyffties to lye, they faften theyr 
 clawes in theyT fcales, and fo drawe them to lande and eatc them. So that (as he faith) the beares beinge thus 
 fatiffied with fyfflie, are not noyfom to men. He declareth further, that in many places of thefe regions, he 
 
 Euen. 1' i6i 
 
 Simtlry opinton!i 
 why the sea 
 ninnclh with wo 
 swyft course from 
 tliti Kast into thu 
 west. 
 
 Th[e]equinocti.ill 
 lyne. 
 
 Why all waters 
 tiioue t^iw.-irtlc 
 the soulhe or 
 K<|uin(>cli.t1, rv.idc 
 Car-ianus iit 
 sHbtilit. tihtr. ii, 
 lie EUmrHtis* 
 Strnjghtcs. 
 
 .As hy the slrayjjht 
 uf M.)t;t.-llanus. 
 
 The north landes. 
 
 The froscn sex 
 
 Sebastian. Cahot. 
 The Venetians. 
 
 The viagc of 
 Sebastian Cabut 
 from Englande to 
 the froscn sea. 
 Frost in the 
 moneth of hily. 
 
 Fretum 
 Herculfurn, 
 diiiideth Spaj'nc 
 and the Moorcs 
 and is nowe cauled 
 the slrayphles 
 of MtirroK. 
 liacctxUaos, 
 or Terra 
 Bttci;tilleiirtitn. 
 
 119 
 
 'I'lic mouyng of 
 hcuen caiiseth the 
 sea to moue. 
 DemogorgoTj w 
 the spirile of the 
 earth. 
 
 People coutrt;<t 
 with beostes !>kiiis 
 
 Howe beares take 
 and enle fysshes 
 of the sea. 
 
 i J 
 
T 
 
 it 
 
 t62 
 
 The thyrde Dccaue. 
 
 r 1 
 
 ; ' 
 
 Psrhappci tlui 
 Iniiin i> copper 
 which hnldeth 
 gold. For l.iiim 
 nath no myne. mid 
 U an artihtiall 
 melal anil not 
 nil turn I. 
 
 Cill>ot C.ltllcil oV\t 
 
 of KnKlan<lc into 
 
 Spayiie. 
 
 The Secniul vl.m'' 
 
 of Cabot 
 
 The)l.in>lcs..f 
 the Canyltales. 
 
 The Il.^ndc Forlis, 
 
 Salts 
 
 A htruungc ihyngc. 
 
 How Pctriis Arias 
 with tlie kyn^i-s 
 naiiy arriucd at 
 Uarii;na. 
 
 Howe Vaschus 
 rcceaiicd the new 
 gouenuiur. 
 
 Whye tticse 
 rc){ions arc caulcd 
 prouynccs. 
 
 120 
 
 li.irrcllc> of mcale. 
 
 f{n1iit.il>Ic regions 
 vmler the 
 Kquinocliall Ijne. 
 
 Where the newe 
 Koucmour planted 
 Ills habitation 
 
 The viage of 
 luhannes Aiur:i 
 
 'I'he hauen of 
 L'omugrus 
 
 Saintc MychaeK 
 goulfc I 
 
 The hauen lofj 
 Pocchorrosa. 
 
 fawe great plentie of laton amon};c tl)[e]inhal)itantes. Cabot is my very frendc, whom I vfc famylierly, 
 and (lelyte to hauc liyin fiiintymes kcepe nice company in mync owne lioufc. Kur hcinge cauled owtc of 
 Kngland by the coinmaundcmcnt of the catholyke kynge of Caftile after the deathe of Henry kynge of 
 Engkmde the feiienth of that name, he was made one of owre counfayle and affyflance as touchynge the 
 aflfayrcs of the newe Indies, lookyng dayely for fliippes to bee fiirnyfTlied for hyni to difcouer this hyd fecreate 
 of nature. 'I'his vyage is appoynted to bee beguiine in March in llie ycare next folowynge, beinge the yeare of 
 Chryll M. D. XVI. What Audi fiicceadc, yowre holynes flialbc achicrlifed l)y my letters if god graunte me lyfe. 
 Sume of the Spanyartks denye that Cabot was tlie fyrll fyniler of tlie lantle of Baccalhws: And aflirme that he 
 went not fo farre weflewarde. Hut it fliall fuflice to liaue fayde tlnis much of the goulfcs and flrayghtes, and 
 of Scbaflian Cabot. 1-et vs nowe therefore returne to tlie Spanyardes. At this tyme, they let paffe the hauen 
 of Cart/iiij^o vntouched, with all the Ihindes of the Canibales there aboiite, whiche they named Iiifulas SaiiHi 
 Bernardi: Leauynge alfo behynde the) r backes, all the region of Caramairi. Heare by reafon of a fooden 
 tempefle, they were cafle vjipon the llande Foiiis, beiiige about fyftie leagues diflante from the enteraunce of 
 the goulfe of Vraba. In this llande, they founde in the houfes of th[e]inhabitantes, many bafkets made of 
 certeyne greate fea reedes, ful of falte. For this llande hath in it many goodly fiilte bayes ; by reafon whereof 
 they haue greate plentie of falte which they fell to other nations for fuch thynges as they (lande in neede of. 
 Not farre from henfe, a great curlewe as bygge as a florke came flying to the gouernours fliippe, and fulTercd 
 her felfe to bee eafely taken : which beinge caryed about amonge all the fliippes of the nauie, dyed fliortly after. 
 They fawe alfo a great multytude of the fame kjiule of foules on the fliore a farre of 
 
 The gouernour his fliyppe whiche we fayde to haue lofle the rudder beinge nowe fore broofed and in 
 maner vnprofytable, they lefte behynde to folowe at leafure. The nauie arriued at Daikna the twelfth day of 
 the Calendes of July, and the gouernour his fliippe (beinge voyde of men) was dryuen a lande in the fame 
 coafles within foure dayes after. The Spanyardes whiche nowe inhabited Dariaia, with theyr Capitayne and 
 I.ieuetenant Vafdiits Niiiniiz Balhoa (of whom we haue largely made mention before) beinge certified of 
 tli[e]arryual of Pctnis Arias and his coonipanye, wente foorthe three myles to meete him, and receaued him 
 honorably and religioufly with the pfalnie Tc dctim I.aiidamiis, giuing thankes to god by whofe fixfe conducte 
 they were brought fo profjieroufly thetlier to al theyr confortes. They receaued them gladly into theyr houfes 
 builded after the maner of thofe prouinces. I may well caule thefe regions, Prouinces, a Froctil victis, (that is) 
 fuch as are ouercome farre of, forafniuch as owre men doo nowe inhabite the fame all the barbarous kynges 
 and Idolatours beinge elected. They enterteyned them with fuch chere as they were able to make them: as 
 with the frutes of thofe regions, and newe breade bothe made of rootes and the grayne Maizitim. Other 
 delicates to make vp the feafl, were of theyr owne flore whiche they brought with theym in theyr fhyjjpes, as 
 pondered flefflie, folted fyfflie, and breade made of wheate. For they brought with them many barrelles of wheate 
 ineale for the fame purpofe. Here maye }owre holynes not withowt iufle caufe of admiracion beholde a kynges 
 nauie and great multitude of Chrifl-ians, inhabytinge not onely the regions fituate vnder the circle of heauen cauled 
 Tropicus Caiicri, but alfo in maner vnder the Equinoctiall lyne, contrary to th[e]opinion of the owlde wryters, a fewe 
 excepted. But after that they are nowe mette togyther, let vs further declare what they determyned to doo. 
 Therefore, the daye after that the nauie arriucd, there aflembled a coompany of the Spanyardes th[e]inhabitoures 
 oi Dariaia, to the number of foure liundreth and fyftie men. Pctriis Arias the gouernour of the nauie and his 
 coompany, conferred with them bothe priuilie and openl)'e of certeyne articles wherof it was the kynges pleafure 
 he fliulde entiuire: And mofl. efpeciall)' as concernyng fuch thynges wherof Vafchiis the fyrfle fynder and 
 Admirall of the Soutlie fea, made mention ir his large letter fent from Daricna to Spayn. In this inquifition 
 they founde all th)ngcs to bee trewe, w lierof Vafdtiis had certifyed the kynge by his letters : And therevppon 
 concluded that in the dominions of Comogra, Foschorrofa, and Tiimanama, at th[e]affignement of Vafchus, 
 certeine fortreffes fliuld bee erected fo( rthwith to th[e]intente 'here to plant theyr colonic or habitacion. To 
 the better accomplyffliemente hereof, tl y fent immediatly one Johannes Aiora a noble younge gentelman of 
 
 ,e hundreth men and foure carauelles and one other lyttle fhippe. 
 to the hauen of Comognis, dyftant from Dariena aboute twentie and 
 ers. Frome henfe, he is appoynted to fende a hundreth and fyftie 
 V a newe and ryghter way founde of late, by the which (as they fay) 
 lice of kynge Comognis to the enteraunce of the goulfe of Sancti 
 reth, fliall remayne there to bee an ayde and fuccour to all fuch as 
 nd fiftie which are afligned to go fouthwarde, take with them for 
 interpretours certeine of owre men which .lad lerned the footherne language of the bonde men which were gyuen 
 to Vafchus when he ouerranne thofe regions, and alfo certeyne of the bondemen them felues which had nowe 
 lerned the Spanyfflie tonge. They fay that the hauen of Pocchorrofa, is onely feuen leaques diflante frome the 
 hauen of Comognis. In Pocchorrofa, he is affigned to Icaue fyftie men with the lyghtefl. fliyp which maye bee a 
 
 1 6a 
 
 Corduba and vnder Lieuetenant, with fc 
 Thus departinge, he fayled fyrfl direct' 
 fyue leagues, as they wryte in theyr lafl 
 of his foure hundreth, towarde the South 
 it is not pafl.e. xxvi. leagues from the \- 
 Michaclis. The refidewe of the foure hui 
 fliall iorney to and fro. Thofe hundreth 
 
 i. i 
 
 Mi 
 
The tliyyde Decade. 
 
 163 
 
 pafTiiiger bctwciic thcin: that lyku as wc vfc podc Iiorfcs by lando, fo may thoy by this currant fliiiipo, in fliortc 
 fpacc ccrtitic tlic l.iciiutcnaiml and tii[i']inhahitours of IXtrima of fiiciic thyngos as fliall iliauiu u. They 
 cntcridc alfo to Imyldc houfcs in the region of Tiimaihtma. The pahiiic of kyngc Ttimaiuxma, is dillant fr"in 
 Pocchorrofa about twcntie Icaiiucs. Of tliefo foure hundreth men, l)cingf of the owlde fouldicrs o( Diiritiia ami 
 men of good experience, fyftic weare apjioynted to bee as it were Decurians fo guide ami concUictc tlie newe 
 men from place to plai e to do tlieir affaires. \\ lien lliey hid thus fette all thynges in order, they tiiought it 
 good to a(hicrtife tiie king hereof, and iherwith to certifye liyin tiiat in tiiofe prouiiices liure is a kynge named 
 Dahdilui whofe dominion is very riche in goide: Hut tlie fame to lie yet vntouciied by reafon of liis great power. 
 His kingedome ioyneth to the feconde greate ryuer nameil Diibailnt after his name, whiche fauleth into the fea 
 owt of the corner of the goulfe of \'iiU>a as we haue iarg.iy declareii before. The common reporte is, that all 
 the lande of his dominions is ryclie in golde. The palayce of kynge Ihihiil'ii is fyfty lea(iues diflante from 
 /hiriena. Th[e]inhabitantes faye that from the palaice, the golde inynes reaihe to the borthers on euery fyde. 
 Albeit, owre men haue alfo golde niynes not to bee confempned, eiien within three leaques oi Darima, in the 
 which they gather golde in many places at this prefente; Yet doo theye alTyrme greater plentie to bee in the 
 mynes of /Jir/iiti/hi. In the bookes of owrc fyrlle frutes wrytten to yowre holynefle, we made mention of this 
 Dahaiba, wlurin owre men were deceaued and myflooke the niatler. Tor Aliere tluy foiinde the fvfllier 
 men of kyng Dalhulhi in the niaryfflies, they thought his region had byn there alfo. They determyned 
 therfore to fende to kynge D^b'iil'a, three hundreth choyfe youngc men to be chofen owte of the hole 
 army as niofle apte to the v, rres, and well furnyflhed with all kyndes of armoure and artillery, to 
 th[e]intent to go vnto hym and wyl hym, eyther frendly and peaceably to perinytte them to inhabyte 
 parte of his kingdome with the fruition of the golde mynes, or elles to byihle him battayle and dryue 
 hym owte of his countrey. In their letters, they often tymes repete this for an argument of great rychelTe 
 to coome, that they in maner dygged the grounde in noo jilace, but foumle the earthc myxie with fparkes 
 a;'' fmaule graynes of golde. They haue alfo aduertifed the kynge that it flialbe commodious to place 
 inhabitours in the hauen of Sa/ula Afi/f/ia in the region of Siilunna, that it inaye bee a place of refuge for tlicm 
 that fayle from the 1 lande oi Dominiui from the whiche (as they faye) it is but foure or fyue dayes faylyiig to 
 that hauen of the regyon oi Satunna: And from the hauen, but thre dayes faylyng to Daiicthi. liut this is to 
 bee vnderflode in goynge and not in returnynge. I'or the returnyng from thenfe is fo laborious and dilTi( ulte by 
 reafon of the contrary courfe of the water, that they feeme as it were to afcende hyghe montaynes and llryue 
 ageynde the poure of Neptiiiuis. This fwyfte courfe of the fea towarde the AVefie, is not f<> vinlente to theym 
 whiche retourne to Spayne frome the Ilandes of /////,////i'/<? ami Ciihi: .\ltliuuglie they alfo do laboure ageynlle 
 the faule of the Ocean: The caufe wherof is, that the fea is here verve large, fo the waters haue their full 
 fcoope. But in the tracte of /(r;v'(r, th'- waters are conftrayned together by the bendynge fydes of that great 
 lande, and by the multytude of Ilandes lyinge ageynfle it, as the lyke is feene in the llraightes or narowe feas of 
 Sicilie where the violent courfe of the waters caufe the daungerous [ihues of .SVi7/</ and C/tiiryln/is, by reafon of 
 thofe narowe feas whiche conteine Ionium, Lil'iciim, and Tirrhatinn. Co/onus the fyrfl fynder of thefe regyons, 
 hath lefte in wrytynge, that Hiylynge from the 1 lande of Giiaiiajfa, and the |)rouynces of laid, Afaia, and 
 Ccrabaro, beyng regyons of the weft marches of Inragiia, he founde the courfe of the water fo vehemente and 
 furious ageynfte the fore parte of his fliippe whyle he failed from thofe coaftes towarde the Kafte, that he coulde 
 at no tyme touche the grounde with his foundynge plummet, but that the contrary vyolence of the water woolde 
 beare it vppe from the bottonie. He affyrmeth alfo, that he coulde neuer in one hole daye with a meately good 
 wynde, wynne one myle of the courfe of the water. And this is the caufe why they are oftentymes entbrced to 
 fayle fyrfte by the Ilandes of Cuba and Hifpaniola, and fo into the mayne fea toward the North when they 
 retume to Spaine, that the Northe wyntles maye turther their vyage whiche they can not brynge to paffe by a 
 directe courfe. But of the motions of the Ocean fea to and fro, this flial fuffyce. Let vs now therfore reherfe 
 what they write of Dariaw, and of their habitation there, which they caule Sanfla Maria Antiqua, planted on 
 the fea bankcs of Daricna. The fituation of the place, hath no natural munition or tlefenfe : And the ayer is 
 more peftiferous then in Sardus. The Spanyfl.e inhabitours, are all pale ami yelowe, lyke vnto them that haue 
 the yelowe giaundyes. Whiche neuertheleffe commeth not of the nature of the region as it is fituate vnder the 
 heauen. r or in many regyons beyng vnder the felfe fame degree of latitude, hauyng the pole of the fame 
 eleuation, they fynd holfome and temperate ayer, in fuch places where as the earth bryngeth forth fayre fprynges 
 of water, or where holfome ryuers riinne by bankes of pure earthe without mudde ; but mofte efpecyally where 
 they inhabyte the fydes of the hylles and not the valleyes. But that habytation whiche is on the bankes of the 
 ryuer of Daricna, is fytuate in a deepe valley, and enuironed on euery fyde with hyghe hylles : By reafon wherof, 
 it receaueth the foonne beames at noonetyde directly perpenticular ouer their heades, and are therfore fore 
 vexed by reflection of the beames bothe before, behynde, and from the fydes. For it is the reflection of the 
 foonne beames whiche caufeth feruente heate, and not their acceflfe or nerenefle to the earth. Forafmuche as 
 
 A p.l«yil>;v:r 
 hhylipc. 
 
 Kjll^ Tiliii.nuiiii i 
 
 Dcriiri.im .ire 
 (illkcr-i deuidcil 
 iiitii tcnnet. etc. 
 
 The Rnl(i inyiic^ 
 Kyii^ I).)I>u)m. 
 
 rlit.'|Mllii<'c<.l 
 kyntft: 1 ),ib.lih;l. 
 
 The Rfilit niyiicH 
 of l>.ir)ciKi. 
 
 I''.x|w!cliti.in .ia<*iMs! 
 ;l- ll.ilsiib.i. 
 
 Ivyn,;^ 
 
 121 
 
 Great plciitit-' I'f 
 guide. 
 
 The retfyun of 
 S.ituniia 
 The Hand.; ..f 
 l)<)ti)ini'jx 
 
 Difilcuhc ^.iyl>nij 
 agrynst the cu^^r^e 
 uf the sea. 
 
 The datinijerous 
 str lijilittH.if Srvll.1 
 ai.d Charybdi^. 
 
 CiiAuan I. 
 
 titia. 
 
 Aftiia. 
 
 The vehement 
 ( oiirie of the sea 
 frniii the ..■a^l !■' 
 the wu^t. 
 
 The luirlhe \v\iide. 
 
 Saneta Ntaria 
 Antii|tta, the fyr-.t 
 hahitatinii (iTthe 
 spanianles \n the 
 fyriilc lande. 
 Sardus the Ilaiide 
 of Sardinia. 
 The variety of 
 regions Ijin^u 
 vpdcr one jMratel. 
 
 Ry what nieanes 
 the Sonne beames 
 arc cause of 
 feruenl heate. 
 
 ^HU 
 
 I I 
 
 \ ! 
 
 
 I- 
 
 ■1k. 
 
 ' i 
 
1 64 
 
 The thyrdc Decade. 
 
 w ^ 
 
 The pernicious 
 aycr of D.iritna. 
 
 122 
 
 'J'oadcs and tlces 
 engendered of 
 droppes of water. 
 
 Kccc"isytie halli 
 no lawc 
 
 A house scttc c 
 fyer with 
 lyghtnynge. 
 
 A dogge deuoured 
 
 of a rrucodylc, 
 
 Tanquam canis 
 
 € Niio. 
 
 The liyting ^ f 
 
 battes. 
 
 I.yons and tygcrs 
 
 IJeastes \t'ex 
 byggur in their 
 kyndc. 
 
 IIiiw the 
 gouenioiir 
 tMitcrtt:yne<l kyng 
 C'arcta. 
 
 Note. 
 
 I'.ronia or Bissa, 
 arewormcs whicht 
 destroy shippes. 
 
 123 
 
 A venemous tree. 
 
 I'crhappes iheyr 
 veneinous arrows 
 are made of this 
 WDoUde or. ^c 
 
 they are not pafTyble in them felues as clothe manyfeftly ajipeare by tlie fnowe lyinge contynually vnmolten 
 vpon certeyne hygh montaynes, as yowre holyneflfe knoweth rj'ghte well. The foonne beames therfore faulyng 
 on the montaynes, are reflected downewarde into the valley by reafon of th[e]obiecte of the declynynge fydes 
 of the hylles, as it were the faule of a greate rounde (loone rowlde frome the toppe of a montayne. The 
 valley therfore receaueth, both tliofe beames whiche faule directly theron, and alfo thofe whiche are reflected 
 downwarde from euery fyde of the montaynes. Their habitation therfore in Dariena, is pernicious and vnhol- 
 fome onely of the particular nature of the place, and not by the fytuation of the regyon as it is placed vnder the 
 heauen or nere to the foonne. The place is alfo contagious by the nature of the foyle, by reafon it is coompafed 
 aboute with muddy and flynkynge maryfllies, th[e]infection «herof is not a lyttle encreafed by the heate. The 
 vyllage it fclfe, is in a maryflie, and in maner a flandynge puddle, where, of the droppes faulyng from the handes 
 of the bond men whyle they water the pauementcs of their houfcs, toades are engendered immcdinfely, as I my 
 felfe fawe in an other place the droppes of that water turne into flees in the foomer feafon. Furthermore, where 
 fo euer they dygge the grounde the deapthe of a handefuU and a halfe, there fpringeth owte vnholfome and 
 corrupte water of the nature of the ryuer which runneth through the deepe and muddy chanel of the valley, and 
 fo fauleth into the fea. Now therfore they confultc of rtMnouyng their habytation. Neceflytie caufed them fyrfl 
 to fallen theiv foote heare, bycaufe that they whiche fyrft arryued in thofe landes, were opprefled with fuche 
 vrgente hunger, that they had no refjjecte to chaunge the place althoughe they were thus vexed by the contagion 
 of the foyle and heate of the foonne, befyde the corrupte water and infectious ayer by reafon of venemous 
 vapours and exhalations ryf)nge from the fame. An other greate incommoditie was, that the place was deRitute 
 of a commodious hauen, beynge three leaques diftante from the mouthe of the goulfe. The waye is alfo roughe 
 and diftyculte to brynge vyttayles and other neceffaries from the fea. But lette vs nowe fpeake fumwhat of other 
 particular thynges whiche chaunfcd. Therfore fhortly after that they weare arryued, there happened many 
 thynges wherof they had no knowledge before. A certayne well learned phifytion of Ciuile, whome partely 
 th[e]autorytie of the byfflioppe of Dariena, and partely the defyre of golde had allured to thofe landes, was fo 
 fcarred with lyghtnynge m the nyghte feafon lyinge in bedde with his wyfe, that the houfe and all the lluffe 
 tlierin beynge fette on fyer and burnte, he and his wyfe bothe foore fcorched, ranne foorthe cryinge and almofle 
 naked, hardely efcapynge the daungcr of deathe. At an other tyme, as certayne of them floode on the flioore, 
 a great Crocodyle fodenly caryed a\\a)e a mafly of a yeare and a halfe owlde, as a kyte fliulde haue fnatched 
 vppe a chicken: And this euen in the prcfence of theym all, where the myferable dogge cryed in vayne for the 
 helpe of his mayRer. In the nighte feafon they were tormented with the bytynge of battes whiche are there foo 
 noyfome that if they byte any man in his fleape, ti. "v xw*\& hyni in daunger of lyfe, onely with drawynge of 
 bludde: In fo muche that fumme haue dyed therof, faulynge as it were into a confumption through the 
 malycioufnefle of the venemous wounde. If thefe battes chaunce to fynde a cocke or a henne abrode in the 
 nyght feafon, they byte them by the combes and fo kyll them. They alfo whiche wente laRe into thefe regions, 
 do wryte, that the lande is troubeled with Crocodyles, Lyons, and Tigers : But that they haue nowe deuifed 
 artes and ingens howe to take them. L) '.vewyfe that in the houfes of their felowes, they founde the hydes and 
 cafes of fuche Lyons and Tygers as they had kyllcd. Tlicy wryte furthermore, that by reafon of the rankenefTe 
 and frutefulneffe of the grounde, kyne, fwyne, and horfes, doo marueloufly increafe in thefe regions, and growe 
 to a hniche bygger quantitie then they whiche weare of the firR broode. Of the excedynge hyghneffe of the 
 trees with their fruites, of the garden herlies, fruites, plantes, and feedes whiche owre men broughte from Spayne 
 and fowed and fet the fame in thefe regyons, lykewyfe of the hertes and other foure footed beaRes bothe tame 
 and w)lde, alfo of dyuors kyndes of foules, byrdes, and fyfflies, they write euen as we haue declared in the decades 
 before. Carcta the kynge of the regyon of Cioba, was with them for the fpace of three dayes ; whome when 
 they had frendly enterteyned and fliewed hym the fecreate places of their fliyppes, their horfes alfo with their 
 trappars, bardes, and other furnimentes, befyde many other thinges whiche feemed Rraunge to hym, and had 
 further de'.ited his mynd with the harmony of their mufycau inRrumentes, and gyuen hym many rewardes, they 
 dyfmyfled hym halfe amafed with to muche adniyration. He fygnifyed vnto them, that their trees in that 
 prouynce, of the planckes wherof, if fliyppes were made, they flioulde bee fafe from the woormes of the 
 fea whiche they caule Broims. Howe thefe woormes knawe and corrode the fliyppes, wee hauf declared 
 before. Owre fliyppes are greatly troubeled with this plage if they lye longe in the hauenr of thefe 
 regyons. But they affynne that the woodde of this tree is foo bytter, that the woormes wyll not taRe therof. 
 There is alfo an other tree peculyar to thefe landes : whofe leaues if they onely touche the bare in any place of 
 a mannes body, they caufe greate blyRers, and tliofe foo malycious that excepte the fame bee foorthwith healed 
 with fake water or faRynge fpyttle, they doo incontynently engender deadely paynes. They faye lyke\t'yfe, 
 that the fauour of the woodde is prefente poyfon ; And that it can noo whither bee caryed without daunger of 
 lyfe. When th[e]inhabitauntes of the Ilande of Hifpaiiiola had oftentymes attempted to fliake of the yoke of 
 feruytude, and ooukle neuer brynge the fame to palTe neyther by open warre nor yet by priuye confpiraces, 
 
 Ifi4 
 
 \\ I. 
 
The tliyyde Decade. 
 
 165 
 
 they were determyned in the nyghte feafon to haue kylled owre men in their fleepe with the fmoke of this 
 woodde. But when the Chriflian men ha<l knowledge hereof, they compelled the i)oore wretches to confelTe 
 their intente, and punyfflied the chiefe autours of the deiiyfe. They haue alfo a certayne herbe with the fauour 
 wherof they are preferued from the hurte of this venemous woodde fo that they maye beare it fiifely. Of thefe 
 fmaule thynges it fliall fuffyce too haue fayde thus niuche. They looke dayly for many greater thynges to 
 certyfye vs of from the Ilandes of the fouth fea. For at fuche tyme as the meflenger whiche broughte owre 
 letters departed from thenfe, Pdrus Arias prepared an expedition to that ryche Ilande whiche lyeth in the 
 mouthe of the goulfe cauled Sinus S. Micliaclis, and reacheth into the fouthe lea, beyng alfo lefte vntouched 
 of Vafchm by reafon that the fea was at that tyme of the yeare fore troubelcd with tcmpcftes, as wee haue 
 further declared in Vafchiis his vyage to the fouthe. Wee looke therfore dayly for greater thynges then are 
 hetherto pafte. For they haue nowe taken in hand to fubdue manye other prouynces, whiche wee fuppofe too 
 bee eyther verye ryche, or to brynge furthe fumme flraunge woorkes of nature. lohannes Diaz SoliJItis of 
 Ncbrijfa (of wliome we hau'; made mention before) is fente by the froonte of the cape or poynte of Sanili 
 Augujlini (whiche reacheth feuen degrees beyond',- the Equinoctiall lyne, and perteyneth to the dominion of 
 the Portugales) to th[e]intent to ouer runre the fouthe fydefrom the backe halfe oll'aria, Cumana, Cuquibacoa. 
 with the hauens of Carthago and SaiiHa Martha, of Dariciia alfo and Bcragtia, that more perfecte and certeyne 
 knowledge may bee had of thofe tractes. Furthermore, one Johannes Ponciiis was fente foorthe with three 
 fliyppes to deftroye the Canibales bothe in the landc and Ilandes there aboute : afwell that the nations of the 
 more humane and innocente people maye at the length lyue without feare of that pefliferous generation, as 
 alfo the better and more fafely to fearche the fecreatcs and rycheffe of thofe regions. Many other lykewife 
 were iente dyuers and fundry wayes : as Gafpcr Badaiocius too fearche Wefc partes : Francifcus Bczara, to 
 fayle by the corner of the goulfe : And Valleiiis, to paffe by the mouthe or enteraunce therof to the Eafte 
 coaftes A the goulfe to fearche the fecreales of that lande, in the whiche FogaUi with his coompanye had of 
 late begunne to plante their habitation, and had buylded a fortrefle and a vyllage. Badaiocius departed fyrRe 
 frome Daricna with foure fcore fouldiours well appoynted' ^Vhome Lodouicus Mcrcado folowed with fyftye: 
 
 To Bczcrra were alfo fourefcore affygned, and three fcore and tenne to Vallcius. Whether they fliall 
 arryue at fafe and commodious hauens, or faule into vnfortunatc flations, he onely knoweth whofe prouydence 
 ruleth all : For as for vs men wee are included within the knowledge of thinges after they haue chaunced. 
 Lettc vs nowe therfore coome to other matters. 
 
 CT 
 
 HE SEVENTHE BOOKE OF THE THIRDE DECADE. 
 
 Rtrus Arias the gouernour of the fuppofed contlnente, was fcarfly cntred into the niayne fea 
 with his nauje onwarde on his vyage to Daricna. But I was aduertifed that one Andreas 
 Aforalis a pilot who had oftcntymes ouer nmne the coaflcs of thefe new feas and the Ilandes 
 of the fame, was coome to the courtc to fell fuche marchaundies as he broughte with hym 
 frome thenfe. This man had dyligently fearched the tracte of the fuppofed continente, and 
 efpecyally tli[c]inner regyons of the Ilande of Hifpaniola, wherunto he was appoynted by 
 his brf-iner Nicolaus Ouandus (the gouernour of the Hand and chiefe Commendatory of the 
 order o'" tiic '/in'sjlitc; of Alcantara) bycaufe he was a wyttv uian and more apte to fearche fuche thynges then 
 any other : So that with his owne handcs he drewe dure cardes and tables of fuche regyons as hee difcouered. 
 Wherin as he hath l)ynne founde faythuill of fuche as haue fenfe had better tryall hereof, fo is he in mod credyt 
 emoi.geft the bcR forte. He therfore reforted to me as all they are accuftomed to doo, whiche retourne from 
 the Ocean. What I learned of hym and dyuers other of thinges heretofore vnknowen, I wyll nowe declare. 
 The beginnynge of this narration, flialbe the particular defcription of the Ilande q{ Ilifpaniola, forafmuche as it 
 is the heade and as it weare the principall marte of all the lyberality of the Ocean, and hath a thoufande and 
 againe a thjufande fayre, pleafaunt, bewtifuU, and ryche Nereides whiche lye aboute it on cuery fyde, adournynge 
 this their ladye and moother, as it were an other Tethis the wyfe of Neptuniis, enuyronynge her aboute, and 
 attendynge vpi)on her as their queene and patroneffe. Hut of thefe Nereiadcs (that is to faye, the liandes placed 
 aboute her) we wyll fpcake more hereafter. Lette vs in the meane tyme declare fumwhat of the Ilande whiche 
 owre men named Margaritea Diues (wiiiche the Spanyardes caule Dc las pcrlas) beyng nowe well knowen, and 
 lyinge in the fouthe fea in the goulfe cauled Sinus SanHi Michaelis (that is) fainte Michaels goulfe. This Hand 
 hath prefently brought to owre knowledge many flraunge and woondcrfuU thynges and proniyfieth no fmaule 
 
 t\ prcserii.itiiie 
 agcynbt poysun. 
 
 The n.indsofthe 
 south sen. 
 The ryche Il.ind 
 ciulcd Ditcs. 
 
 < 
 
 Cipfel, s.incti 
 Aiigustini. 
 or the eiiyll 
 successe of these 
 viagcs, rcidc 
 decide iii. 
 Liber, ix. 
 An expedition lo 
 destroy the 
 Canibales. 
 
 Fogejj. 
 
 I.ooke. dec.id. iii. 
 Lib. ix. 
 
 The naiiic;<itions of 
 Andreas Kloralis. 
 
 124 
 
 A particular 
 dcscriplion of the 
 Ilamie of 
 hi>pnniul.i 
 
 Nt-Tcides are 
 
 nyniphes of the 
 
 sea, ne ineanetti 
 
 Ilandes. 
 
 Tethis the wyfe of 
 
 Ncptunus and 
 
 goddcsse of the 
 
 sea. 
 
 The Ilande of 
 
 Margaritca Diucs. 
 
 Saincte MidiacU 
 
 goulfe 
 
 •Wu 
 
 ii 
 
"TTTl 
 
 w 
 
 \ 
 
 1 66 
 
 TAe thyrde Decade. 
 
 1 
 
 ! I 
 
 1 • 
 
 Great perlcs 
 
 HihpaniuLi lyke 
 viito the c.irllily 
 puratlyse. 
 
 The fyrst 
 
 inhaljitours of 
 hispaniola 
 
 Dardamts. 
 Teucrtts. 
 Troianum. 
 TirianS| Sidonians. 
 
 Eneas. 
 Latium. 
 
 Hicriisalcin 
 
 The Ilandes uf 
 Canarie. 
 
 Betnnchor, a 
 frenchman. 
 
 125 
 
 The fyrbt n.imes 
 of hispaniola. 
 
 Pan. 
 
 The roughnesse 
 of hispaniola. 
 
 The maner uf 
 leraynge. 
 
 n<illets anil 
 rhymes. 
 
 hope of greater thynges in tyme to coome. In this is founde great plentie of pearles fo fayre and great, that 
 tlie fiimptuous quecne Cleopatra myght haue feemed to weare them in her crownes, cheynes, and braflettes. 
 Of the (helfyfflies wherin thefe are engendered, wee wyll fpeake fumwhat more in th[e]ende of this narration. 
 But let vs nowe returne to Hifpaniola mode lyke vnto the earthly paradyfe. In the defcription hereof, we wyll 
 begynne of the impofytion of dyuerfe names : Then of the forme of the Ilande, temperate ayer and benefyciall 
 heauen : And fynally of the deuifyon of the regyons. Therfore for the ryghter pronunfyation of the names, 
 yowre holynelTe mufle vnderflande that they are pronounced with th[e]accent, as yowe may know by the verge 
 fette ouer the heddes of the vowels, as in the name of the Ilande Matiniiib, where the accente is in the lad 
 vowell, and the lyke to be vnderftoode in all other names. They faye therfore, that the fyrfte inhabitours of the 
 Hand were tranfi)orted in their Camas (that is boates made of one hole pyece of woodde) from the Ilande of 
 Matinino, beynge lyke banyfflied men dr)'iien from thenfe by reafon of certaine contrary factions and diuifyons 
 emonge them felues, lyke as wee reade howe Dardanus came from Coryt/w, and Tcucnis from Crcta into Afia, 
 and that the regyon where they placed their habitacion, was aftenvardc cauled Troianum. The lyke wee reade 
 howe the Tirians and Sidonians arryued with their nauye in Lybia by the fabulous conduction of Dido. The'e 
 Matininans in like maner beynge banyffhed from their owne countrey, planted their fyrde habytation in that 
 parte of the Hand of Hifpaniola whiche they caule Cahonao, vpon the banke of the ryuer named Bahaboni: As 
 is redde in the begynnynge of the Romaynes that Eneas of Troye aryued in the region of Italy cauled Latium 
 vppon the bankes of the ryuer of Tiber. Within the mouthe of the ryuer of Bahaboni, lyeth an Ilande where it 
 is fayde that th[e]inhabitauntes buylded their fj'rfle howfe whiche they named Camoteia. This howfe they 
 confecrated fliortely after, and lionoured the fame reuerently with continual gyftes and monumentes, euen 
 vntyl the commynge of owre men, lyke as the Chriflians haue euer relj'gyoully honoured lerufalem the fountayne 
 and oryginall of owre faythe; As alfo the Turkes attribute the lyke to the cytie of Mccha in Araby, and 
 th[e]iniiabytantes of the fortunate Ilandes (cauled the Ilandes of Canarye) to Tyrma buylded vppon a hyghe 
 rocke from the whiche many were wounte with ioyfuU myndes and fonges to cad them felues downe headlonge, 
 beyng perfuaded by their priedes that the foules of all fuche as fo dyd for the loue of Tyrma, (hulde therby 
 enioye etcmall fclycity. The conquerours of the Ilandes of Canarie, founde them yet remaynyng in that 
 fuperdition, euen vntyll owre tyme : Nor yet is the memory of their facrifyces vtterly wome awaye : 
 The rocke alfo refcrueth the owlde name vnto this daj-e. I haue alfo learned of late, that there yet 
 remayneth in the Ilande fumme of the faction oi Bdanchor the Frenflie man and fyrde that broughte the 
 Ilandes to good culture and ciuilitie beyng therto lycenced by the kynge of Cadile as I haue fayde before. 
 Thefe doo yet (for the mode parte) obferue bothe the language and maners of the Frendiemen, although the 
 heres and fucceflburs of Bclanchor, had foulde the two fubdued Ilandes to certeyne men of Cadile. Yet 
 th[e]inhabitours whiche Aicceded Bctanchor, and buylded them houfes and encreafed their families there, do 
 contynue to this daye ; And lyue quietly and pleafauntly with the Spanyardes, not greued with the fliarpe coulde 
 of Fraunce. But lette vs nowe returne to th[e]inhabitauntes of Matinino and Hifpaniola. The Ilande of 
 Hifpaniola was fyrde named by the fyrde inhabitours, Quizqueia, and then Haiti. And this not by chaunce, 
 or at the pleafure of fuche as diuifed thefe names, but of credulitie and belefe of fumme great effecte. For 
 Quizqueia, is as inuche to faye as a great thinge ; And that fo great that none maye bee greater. They inter- 
 prete alfo, that Quizqueia fygnifj'cth, large, vniuerfall, or al, in like fignification as the Greekes named their god 
 cauled Pan: liycaufe that for the greatnes therof, thefe fymple foules fuppofed it to bee the hole worlde: And 
 that the foonne beames gaue lyghte to none other worlde but onely to this Ilande with the other adiacente 
 aboute the fame : And thervppon thoughte it mod woorthy to bee cauled great, as the greated of all other 
 knowen to them. Haiti is as muche to faye by interpretation, as roughe, fharpe, or craggie. But by a 
 f)'guratiue fpeache cauled denomination (wherby the hole is named by part) they named the hole Hand Haiti 
 (that is) roughe : For as muche as in many places the face of this Hand is rough by reafon of the craggie mon- 
 taynes, horrible ihicke wooddes, and terrible darke an.' diepe valleys enuyroned with great and highe 
 mcntaynes, althoughe it bee in manye other places exceadynge bewtifuU and floryffliynge. Here mude wee 
 fumwhat digrelTe from th[e]order we are entered into. Perhappes your holyneflfe wyll maniell by what meanes 
 thefe fymple men dioulde of foo longe contynuance beare in minde fuche principles, where as they haue no 
 knowledge of letters. So it is therfore, that from the beginninge, their princes haue euer byn accudomed to 
 committe their children to the gouernaunce of their wife men whiche they caule Boitios, to bee indructed in 
 knowledge, and to beare in memorie fuche thynges as thoy lerne. They gyue them felues chieflye to two 
 thynges; As generally to lerne th[e]originall and fucceflfe of thynges; And particularlye to reherfe the nobis 
 factes of their graundefathers great graundefathers and auncedours afwell in peace as in warre. Thefe two 
 thynges they haue of owlde tyme compofed in certeyne meters aiiil ballettes in tiieir language. Thefe rhymes 
 or ballettes, they caule Areitos. And as owre myndrelles are accudomed too fynge to the harpe or lute, fo doo 
 they in lyke maner fynge thefe fonges and daunce to the fame, playinge on tymbrelles made of fiiels of certen 
 
The thyrde Decade. 
 
 167 
 
 fyflTies. Thefe tymbrels they caule Maguci. They haue alfo fonges and ballcttes of loue; And other of 
 lamentations and moornyng : Summe alfo to encorage them to the wanes, with euery of them their tewnes 
 agreable to the matter. They exercyfe theym felues muche in daunceinge, wherin they are verye actyue and 
 of greater agilitie then owre men, by reafon they gyue them felues to nothyng fo muche, and are not hyiidered 
 with ai)parell whiche is alfo the caufe of their fwifteneffe of foote. In their ballettes lefte them of their 
 aunceflours, they haue prophecies of the comminge of owre men into their countrey. Thefe they fynge with 
 moornyng and as it were with gronyng, bewayle the lolfe of their lybertie and fcniitude. For thefe prophecies 
 make mention that there flioulde coome into the Ilande Magiiacochios, that is, men clothed in apparell, and 
 armed with fuche fwoordes as (hulde cutte a man in funder at one flroke: vnder whofe yoke their pofteritie 
 fliulde bee fubdued. And here I do not maruell that their predicefTours coulde prophecye of the fcruitude and 
 bondage of their fucceflyon, if it bee trewe that is fayd of the faniiliaritie they haue with fpirites whiche appeare to 
 them in the night, wherof we haue largely made mention in the nynth booke of the fird decade, where alfo wee 
 haue entreated of their Zemes (that is) their Idoles and Images of diuelles whiche they honoured. But they faye 
 that fence thefe Zemes were taken awaye by the Chriflians, the fpirites haue no more appeared. Owre men afcribe 
 this to the fygne of the croffe wherwith they defende theym felues from fuche fpirites. For they are nowe all clenfed 
 and fanctifyed by the water of bapti[fjme wherby they haue renounced the deuel and arc confecrated the hcjly 
 members of Chrifl. They are vniuerfally (ludyous to knowe the boundes and lymettes of their regions and king- 
 domes : And efpecially their Mitaini (that is) noble men. So that euen they are not vtterlye ignorante in the 
 furueyinge of their landes. The common people haue none other care then of fettynge, fowynge, and 
 plantynge. They are moofle experte fyffliers, by reafon that throughowte the hole yeare, they are accuRomed 
 daylye to plounge them felues in the ryuers, fo that in maner they lyue no leffe in the water then on the lande. 
 They are alfo giuen to huntynge. For (as I haue fayde before) they haue twoo kyndes of foure footed 
 beaftes, wherof the one is lyttle cunnes cauled Vtias, and the other Serper.tes named luannas, muche lyke 
 vnto Crocodiles, of eyght foote length, of moRe pleafaunte tafle, and lyuynge on the lande. . '1 the Ilandes 
 nooryfhe innumerable byrdes and foules : As (locke doues, duckes, geefe, hearons, byfyde no leffe number of 
 popingiais then fparowes with vs. Euery kynge hath his fubiectes diuided to fundrj-e affaires ; As fumme to 
 huntynge, other to fyffhynge, and other fumme to hufbandrye. But let vs now returne to fpeake further of the 
 names. We haue fayde that Qiiizqueia and Haiti were the oulde names of this Ilande. The hole Ilande 
 was alfo cauled Cipanga of the region of the montaynes aboundynge with golde : Lyke as owre anciente 
 poetes cauled all Italye Latiiim of parte therof. Therfore as they cauled Aiifoiiia and IL-fpaia, Italic, euen 
 foo by the names of Quizqucia, Haiti, and Cipanga, they vnderRode the hole Ilande of Hifpaniola. Owre 
 men dyd fyrfle name it Ifabdla of queene HeliAibeth whiche in the Spaniflie tongue is cauled Ifabdla : And fo 
 named it of the fyrfl Colonic where they planted their habitation vpon the banke nerc vnto the fea on the 
 Northe fyde of the Ilande, as wee haue further declared in the fyrRe decade. But of the names, this fhall 
 fuffyce. Lette vs nowe therfore fpeake of the forme of the Ilande. They whiche fyrfte ouer ranne it, defcribed 
 it vnto me to bee lyke the leafe of a cheRnutte tree, with a goulfe towarde the weR fyde, lyinge open ageynR 
 the Ilande of Cuba. But the experte fliyppe mayRer Andreas Mora/is broughte me the forme therof fumwhat 
 differxnge from that. For from bothe the corners, as from the EaRe angle and the WeR, he defcribed it to be 
 indented and eaten with many great goulfes, and the corners to reache foorthe verye farre : and placeth manye 
 large and fafe hauens in the great goulfe on the EaR fyde. But I truR fliortely foo to trauayle further herein, 
 that a perfecte carde of the particular defcription of Hifpaniola maye bee fente vnto yowre holyneffe. For they 
 haue nowe drawne the Geogra(jhicall defcription therof in cardes, euen as yowre holyneffe hath feene the forme 
 and fytnation of Spayne and Italye with their montaines, valleyes, ryuers, cities, and colonies. Lette vs therfore 
 without fhamfaRneffe compare the Ilande of Hifpaniola to Italic, fumtyme the heade and queene of the hole 
 worlde. For if wee confyder the quantitie, it fhalbee founde lyttle leffe, and muche more frutefull. It reacheth 
 from the EaRe into the WeR, fyue hundreth and fortye myles accordynge to the computation of the later 
 fearchers : Althoughe the Admyrall fumwhat increafed this number as wee haue fayde in the fyrRe decade. It 
 is in breadth fumme where, almoRe three hundreth myles : And in fumme places narower where the corners are 
 extended. But it is fuerlye muche more bleffed and fortunate then Italie: Beynge for the mooRe parte therof 
 fo temperate and floryffliynge, that it is neyther vexed with fliarppe coulde, nor afflycted with immoderate heate. 
 It hath bothe the Reyinges and conuerfyons of the foonne (cauled Solflitia) in maner ecjuall with the E(|uinoctiall, 
 wi;h lyttle difference betwene the length of the daye and nyghte throughout all the yeare. For on the fouth fyde, 
 the day afcendeth fcarcely an houre in length aboue the nyghte, or contrary wyfe. But the dyfference is more 
 on the northe fyde. Yet arc there fumme regions in the Ilande in the whiche the coulde is of fum force. But 
 yowre holyneffe muRe vnderRonde this to bee incident by reafon of the obiecte or nearneffe of the mountaines, 
 as wee wyl more largely declare hereafter. Yet is not this coulde fo pearcynge and fliarpe, that th[e]inhabitantes 
 are molefted with fnowe or bytynge froRe. In other places, the Ilande cnioyeth perpetuall fpringe tyme, and 
 
 167 
 
 Singinj; and 
 daiiiiccing. 
 Sonngcs of loim 
 and inonriiynge. 
 
 Prophecies. 
 Nole 
 
 Theyr rannliaritte 
 wi[thj spirites 
 
 Tlie dciiyl is 
 dryiicn .ivvaye 
 by baplibinc 
 
 126 
 
 Siirucycrs. 
 
 Tliey lyue ns rmicli 
 ill the water a^i uii 
 the lande 
 
 Serpcntes 
 
 A Cmcodile is 
 much lyke to nwr 
 ewte or Lyscrtc 
 Byrdes and foiiles 
 Pupinguyes 
 
 Cipanga. 
 
 Italy cauled 
 Latuiiu 
 
 I^.il)ell.i 
 
 The fnimc of the 
 Ilande c.f 
 liispaniula 
 
 A particular c:irde 
 ufliispanioln. 
 
 Ilispaniola 
 Coiupared to Italic. 
 
 The temperature 
 of Hiiipantuta. 
 
 The equiiioctvall. 
 
 Cnuldencridenlall, 
 and tint hy the 
 sy'ualionnf 
 the region. 
 Ferpetii.di spritige 
 and Auomer. 
 
 •■A 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
' ; 
 
 w 
 
 \ 
 
 
 \ i 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 i68 
 
 T^e tJiyvde Decade. 
 
 \ 
 
 Maruelous 
 frutfuliic's 
 
 127 
 
 Beastcs 
 
 Oxen and swyne 
 of exceadyng 
 bygnesse. 
 
 Swyne fed with 
 MyrobaUuics 
 
 Vines 
 Wheau- 
 
 An eare of wheat 
 as by^ ns a mans 
 armuintlic brawn 
 The bread of the i 
 Ilande. 
 
 Golde. 
 
 Great plentic of 
 
 cattayle. 
 
 Urasile. 
 
 Mastyx. 
 
 Gossanipinc 
 
 EUctriim. 
 
 Iricommodilies of 
 inlcrnperat region; 
 
 Holsume aycr 
 
 and water 
 
 Golde euery where 
 
 The description 
 of the inner partes 
 of the Ilande. 
 
 ■< I 
 
 The citic of s. 
 Dominickc 
 The niountaynes 
 of Haiti 
 
 'I'he niountaynes 
 of Cibaua 
 
 128 
 
 The llamlc (if 
 
 Cat.ini 
 
 Of prouinccs 
 
 diiiided iiitu 
 
 regions 
 
 »)flhcyr 
 aspirations 
 
 is fortunate with contynuall foomer and hanieft. The trees floryfhe there all the hole yeare : And the medowes 
 contynue alway greene. All thynges are exccadynge fortunate, and growe to great perfection. How wonderfully 
 all garden herbes and frutes doo encreafe, foo thatwithin the fpaoa of fyxtene dayes after the feede is sowne.al herbes 
 of fmaule (leames, as letteffe, borage, radyflie, and fuche other, coome to their full rypeneffe : And alfo howe herbes 
 of the bygger forte, as gourdes, melones, cucumers, pompons, citrons, and fuche otlier, coome to their perfection 
 in the fpace of thirtie dayes, wee haue fufficiently declared elles where. Of the bcaftes tranfported out of Spaine 
 thether, wee haue fayde howe they growe too a muche greater kynde : In fo muche that when they faule into 
 communication of the oxen or kyne, they compare them in bignefle to ele))hantes, and fwyne to mules : But this 
 fumwhat by an exceffyue kynde of fpeache. We haue alfo made mention how their fwynes flefihe is more 
 fauourye and farre better and more plcafaunte tafle and more holfonie then nwres, by reafon they are fedde with 
 the frutes of Myrobalane trues, and other pleafiiunte and nuryffliynge fruites of that contrey, whiche growe there of 
 them felues, as do witli vs l)ceclics, holly, and okes. ^■yncs woolde alfo profper there with marucUous encreafe, 
 if they had any regard to tlie plantinge therof The lyke encreafe commeth of wheate if it be fowen \i)[)on the 
 niountaynes where the colde is of fume ilrength: but not in the playnes, by reafon of to much fatnes and 
 rankenes of the grownde. It is in maner incredible to heare, that an eare of wheate fliuld bee bygger then a 
 mans arme in the brawne, and more then a fpanne in length, bearynge alfo more then a thoufande graynes 
 as they all confeffe with one voyce, and erneflly affirme the fame with othes. Yet they fay the bread of the Ilande 
 (cauled) Cauibhi made of the roote oi luaa, to bee more holfonie, becaufe it is of cafyer digeftion, and is cultured 
 with leffe labour and greater increafe. The refidue of the tynie wliich they fpende not in fettynge and plantynge, 
 they beflowe in gatlieringe of golde. They haue nowe fuche plentic of foure footed beads, that horfes and oxe 
 hydes with flieepe (kynnes and goate Ikyns and fuch other, are brought from thenfe into Spayne; So that nowe 
 the doughter in many thynges hclpeth and fuccurreth her mother. Of the trees of brafile, fpiccs, the graine 
 which colouroth fcarlet in bright fliinynge redde, niallix, goflampine cotton, the precious metall cauled Ekflriim, 
 and fuch other commodities of this Ilande, we haue fpoken fufficiently before. What therefore can chaunce 
 more happy vnto man vpon the earth, then there to lyue where he neede not to bee dryuen to clofe chaumbers 
 with fliarpe coulde or fayntynge heate? Nor yet in wynter eyther to bee laden with heauy apparell, or to burne 
 the fliinnes with continual fyttyng at the fyer, which thynges make men oulde in fliort tyme by refoluinge the 
 natural Iicate, wherof a thoufande difeafes infue. Tliey alfo affirme the ayer to bee very healthfuU : and the 
 waters of the r)uers to bee no leffe liolfome, as they whiche haue theyr continuall courfe through the earth of 
 the golden mynes. For there is in maner no ryuer, no niountaynes, and but fewe playnes that are \tterly without 
 golde. But let vs nowe at the length coome to the particular defcription of the inner partes of this bleffed 
 Ilande. We haue before declared howe it is in maner equally diuided with foure greate ryuers defcendynge 
 frome liygh niountaynes : wherof that which runneth towarde the Ea(l, is cauled Iiiniia, as that towarde the 
 \\iiPi'\sn?imci\ Attibiiniciis: The tliyrde is Naiba ot /fa ibu which runneth Southwarde: The fourth is cauled 
 /<7f/ic', and fauleth towarde the North. But this ffiippe maifler, hath brought an other defcription obfenied of 
 th[e]inhabitantes from the begynnynge. Let vs therfore diuide the hole Ilande into fiue partes, caulynge the 
 regions of euery jirouince by theyr owlclc names : and fynally make mention of fuche thynges as are woorthye 
 memory in euery of them. The begynninge of the Ilande on the Ea(l fyde, is conteyned in the prouince named 
 Caizc'iiiii : fo named for that in theyr language Cimii, fignifieth the front or begynnynge of any thynge. After 
 this, foloweth the prouince of Hii/iabo, and then Cai/iabo. The fourth is Baiiwa. Guaccaiarima conteyneth the 
 wefl corner. But the laR faue one, Bainoa is of larger boundes then the three other. Caizcimu reachethe 
 from the fyrft fronte of the Ilande to the ryuer Hozama, whiche runneth by the citie of faynt Dominicke. But 
 towarde the North fyde, it is ended at the rough mountaynes of Haiti. Htihabo, is included within the 
 niountaynes Haiti and the ryuer laciga. Cai[/i]abo the thynle prouince, conteyneth all that lyeth betwene 
 Cii/iabo and Dahatio, euen vnto the mouth of the rj-uer of laccha or ladie (one of the foure which diuide 
 the Ilande equally) and afcendethe to the mountaynes of Cibaua, where the greatefle plentie of golde 
 is founde: Owte of the which alfo the ryuer Dcmahtis fpringeth; and ioynynge with the fpringes of the 
 ryuer of Naiba, (being an other of the foure which diuideth the Ilande towarde the fouth fea) fauleth to 
 an other banke of the ryuer of faynt Dominicke. Bainoa, begynneth at the confines of Caiabi, and 
 reacheth euen vnto the Ilande of Cahiiii which lieth neare vnto the fea bankes of the north fyde of the 
 Ilande where wee fayde that they erected the fyrll colonic or habitacion. The prouince of Guaccaiarima, 
 occupieth the remanent towarde the weft. This they named Guaccaiarima, bycaufe it is the extreme or vtter- 
 nioft parte of the Ilande. I'or laritna in theyr language fignifieth the tayle or ende of any thynge: And Gua, 
 is an article whiche they vfe often tymes in the names of thynges: And efpecially in the names of theyr kynges : 
 as Guarioncxius, and Guaccanarilius. In the prouince of Caizimu, are thefe regions: Higuci, Guanama, 
 Reyrc, Xagua, Aramana, Arabo, Ifazoa, Macorix, Caiacoa, Guaiagmi, Baguaiiima/io and the rough niountaynes 
 of Haiti. Here let vs fpeake fume what of theyr afpirations which they vfe otherwyfe then the Latins doo. 
 
The thynfc Decade. 
 
 169 
 
 It is to bee noted that there is no afpiration in theyr vowels, which hath not th[e]eftectc of a confonant. So 
 that they pronounce theyr afpirations more vehemently then wee do the confonant. f. Ye, all fiiche woordcs 
 as in their tonge are afpirate, are pronounced with lyke breath and Qiirite as is. f. failing that herein the neather 
 lyppe is not moued to th[e]uppermofl. teethe. With open mouthes and fliakynge theyr brefles, they breath 
 out thefe afpirations, ha, he, hi, ho, hii, as the Hebrewes and Arabians are accudomed to pronounce tlieyrs. I 
 fynde alfo that the Spanyardes vfe the lyke vehemence in the afpirations of thofe woordes whiche they haue 
 receaued of the Moores and Arabians which poflcffed Spaine, and continued there many yearcs : As in thefe 
 woordes: Almohadda, whiche fignifieth a pyllowe or bolder: Alfo A/mohazti, that is, a horfe combe; with 
 dyuers fuch other woordes whiche they Ipeake in maner with panting brefles and vehement fpirite. I haue 
 thought it good to reherfe thefe thynges, bycaufe amonge the I^ntines it often tymes foo chaunceth that onely 
 the accent or afpiration, chaungeth the fignification of the woorde : as hora, for an lioure, and om for the plurale 
 number of this woorde os, which fignifieth the mouth: Alfo ora, which fignifeth regions or cuaRes. The lyke 
 alfo chaunceth in thcdiuerfitie of theaccente, dn ou/i/ti I kyll, and (va'Jii I faille. Kuen fo in the language of thefe 
 finiple men, there are many thynges to bee obferued. Uiit let vs nowe returne to the defcription. In the 
 prouince of Htihabo, are thefe regions : Xamana, Canabacoa, Ciihabo, with many other, the names wherof I haue 
 not yet learned. The prouince of Caihabo, conteyneth thefe regions : Ma^^iia, and Cacaaibamx. Th[e]inhabi- 
 tantes of this region, haue a jjcculyar language much difleringe from the common language of the Hand, and 
 are cauled Macoryxes. There is alfo an other region cauled Cubana, whofe language differeth from the other. 
 Lykewyfe the region of Baiohaigiia, hath a dyuers toonge. There are alfo other regions, as Dahabon, Cybaho, 
 and Manabaho. Cotoy is in the myddle of the Ilande. By this runnethe the ryuer JVizaits: And the montaynes 
 cauled Mahaitiii, llazua, and Ndbaymao, confine with the fame. In the prouince of Bainoa, are the regions of 
 Magiiana, lagohaiucho, Baunico, Dabia^iia, and Atlibuni, fo named of the ryuer: Alfo Cauiwa, Biiiaui, 
 Dahabonici, Alaiaguariti, Atie'i, Maccaziiia, Guahabba, Anniiiici, Marten, Guaricco, A/iia/^uci, Xaragtia, Yagiiaiia, 
 Azzuei, lacchi, Honorucco, Diagiio, Camaie, and Ncibaimao. In Guaccaierima the lad prouince, thefe regions 
 are conteyned : Maitkarao, Giiahagiia, Taqumazabo, Nimaca, Bainoa the leffe, Cahaymi, lamaizi, Manabaxao, 
 Zauana, Habacoa, and Ayqueroa. But let vs entreate fumwhat of the particulars of the regions. In the 
 prouince of Caizcimii, within the great goulfe of the beginnynge, there is a greate caue in a hoUowe rocke 
 vnder the roote of a hygh mounnayne, about twoo furlonges from the fea. The enteric of this caue is not 
 much vnlyke the iloores of a great temple, beinge very large and tumynge many wayes. Andreas Moralis the 
 fliyp mafler, at the commaundement of the gouernoure, tempted to fearche the caue with the fmauled veffels. 
 He fayth that by certeyne priuie wayes, manye ryuers haue concoiirfe to this caue as it were to a finke or 
 chanell. After th[e]e.\perience hereof, they ceafed to maruaile whither other ryuers ranne whiche commynge 
 fourefcore and tenne myles, were fwalowed vp, fo that they appeared no more, nor yet fell into the fea by any 
 knowen wayes. Nowe therfore they fiippofe that ryuers fwalowed vp by the holowe places of that dony moun- 
 tayne, faule into this caue. As the fliipmader entered into the caue his fliippe was almod fwalowed. For he 
 faith that there are many whyrlepooles and ryfinges or boylinges of the water, which make a violent conflicte and 
 horrible rorynge one encounteryng the other. Alfo many huge holes and holowe places : So that what on the 
 one fyde with the whirle pooles, and on the other fide with the boyling of the water, his (hyp was long in maner 
 tolTed vp and downe lyke a baule. It greatly repented hym that he had entered, yet knewe he no way how to 
 come forth. He now wandered in darkeneffe, afwel for the obfcurenefle of the caue into the which he was farre 
 entered, as alfo that in it were thicke cloudes engendered of the moid vapours proceading of the contlicte of the 
 waters whiche continually faule with great violence into the caue on euery fyde. He compareth the noyfe of 
 thefe waters, to the faule of the famous ryuer of Niliis from the montaines of Ethyope. They were al fo deafe, 
 that one could not here what an other faid. But at the length with great daiinger and feare, he came foorth of 
 the caue as it had byn owte of hel. Aboute three fcore miles didante from the chiefe citie of faincte Dominicke, 
 there are certeyne hyghe montaynes vppon the toppes wherof is a lake or dandynge poole inacceffible, neuer 
 yet feene of them whiche came latelye to the Ilande, bothe by reafon of the roughneffe of the montaines, and 
 alfo for that there is noo pathe or open waye to the toppes of the f ime. But at the length the diyppe maider 
 beinge conducted thether by one of kynges, afcended to the toppes of the montaines and came to the poole. 
 Hee faith that the coulde is there of fum force. And in token of wynter, hee founde feme and bramble bufllies, 
 whiche two, growe onely in coulde regions. Thefe montaynes, they caule Ymiziii Hibahaino. This poole is of 
 fredie water three myles in compafle, and wel replenyfflied with diuerfe kindes of fyfflies. Many fmaule riiiers 
 or brookes faule into it. It hath no pafllige owte, bycaufe it is on euery fyde enclofed with the toppes of 
 montaynes. But lette vs nowe fpeake of an other poole whiche may well bee cauled a fea in the mydlande, 
 and bee coompared to the Cafpian or Hircanian fea in the fyrme lande oi Afia: with certeyne other lakes and 
 pooles of frefdie water. 
 
 The proinmci.iiion 
 of the Helirewcs 
 and Anibian^i 
 
 The Moores ami 
 Arabians [lussesseil 
 Siuyiie 
 
 Howe the 
 
 a^|JiraIi<ln 
 di.ini;L-lh \\\e 
 si^nirii.atioii of 
 wurJes 
 
 Dyuers languages 
 in the Ilande 
 
 A ^rc.ite caue in 
 the ruckc of a 
 niuuntayne. 
 
 A daungerus 
 cntcrijrise 
 
 Kiners deumircd 
 of canes. 
 
 129 
 
 WhirlepooJcs 
 and cunllicte 
 of waters. 
 
 Clowdcs iti tht 
 caue. 
 
 The t'.itaractes 
 uf Nilus 
 
 A stand ynge 
 poole in the toppe 
 of a hygh 
 inountayne- 
 
 Feme and bramble 
 busshes, gruwe 
 only in couldu 
 regions. 
 
 'I'he Caspian unJ 
 Hircanian sea. 
 
 ]■ i 
 
 i 'i 
 t 
 
 f1j 
 

 170 
 
 T/ic thyrde Decade. 
 
 
 !■( 
 
 i 
 
 A great lake uf 
 soure and saltc 
 water. 
 
 Swalowinge 
 goulfcs. 
 
 Sea fysshes in 
 
 lakes of the 
 
 niiiilandc 
 
 The deiiourynge 
 
 fysshe cauled 
 
 Tiburonus. 
 
 The ryurrs lh.it 
 Tiule intu the lake 
 C'a^piuiii. 
 
 CC [two hundred] 
 spryngcs within 
 the space of a 
 furlonge. 
 
 A mynicle 
 
 The Indian 
 language. 
 
 130 
 
 A kyng stricken 
 
 dumme and lame 
 by a niynicle. 
 
 Such as are 
 drowned in the 
 lake are not cast 
 vp ageyne. 
 
 The Ilande 
 Guarizacra in 
 the myddest <>( 
 the poulc. 
 A lake of salt 
 and freshe water. 
 
 A lake of fresshe 
 water 
 
 -ni^ti- 
 
 C The eyghte booke of the thirde decade. 
 
 He prouynce of Jiaiiioa beynge thrife as bygge as tlie three fyrfl, that is, Caiscimu, Vhabo, 
 and Caihabo, includcth a valley nared Caiouani, in the whiche there is a lake of falte, foure, 
 and bytter water, as wee reade of che fea cauled Ca/piiiiii, lyinge in the firme lande betwene 
 Sannatia and I/ircania. We haue therfore named it Cafpiiim, althoughe it not bee in the 
 region of Hinauia. It hath manyc fwalowinge goulfes, by the whiche, bothe the water of the 
 fea fpringcth into it, and alfo fiiche as faulc into it from the mountaines, are fwalowed vppe. 
 They thyncke that the caues therof, are fo large and deepe, that great fyfllies of the fea palTe 
 by the fame into the lake. Emonge thefe fyfflies, there is one cauled Tiburonus whiche cutteth a man in funder 
 by the myddefl at one fnappe with his teethe and deuoureth hyni. In the ryuer Hozama, runnynge by the 
 chiefe citie of fayncte Dominicke, thefe Tibiironi do fumtymes coome from the fea and deuoure manye of 
 th[e]inhabitauntes: Efpccially fuche as do dayly ploonge them felues in the water to th[e]intent to keepe their 
 bodyes verye cleane. The ryuers whiche faule into the lake, are thefe. From the Northe fyde, Guaninicabon : 
 From the Southe, Xaccoci: from the Eafle, Giianiiabo: And from the Well, Oaoa. They faye that thefe ryuers 
 are great and continuall : And that befyde thefe, there are. xx. other fmaule ryuers whiche faule into this Cafpiitm. 
 Alfo on the Northe fyde within a furlonge of the lake, there are aboue twoo hundreth fpringes, occupyinge 
 lykewife aboute a furlonge in circuite, the water wherof is couide in foomer, freflie alfo, and holfome to bee 
 droonke. Thefe fprynges make a ryuer that can not bee waded ouer, whiche neare at hande ioynynge with the 
 other, fauleth into the lake. Here mufle wee (laye a whyle. The kynge of this regyon founde his wyfe 
 praying in a chapel buildcd by the Chriflians within the precincte of his dominion, and required her 
 coompanie to fatiffye his fiefiiely lufle. His wyfe reproued hym, and put hym in remembraunce to 
 haue refpecte to the holye place. The woordes whiche fliee fpake to hym were thefe: Teitoca, Teitoca: 
 whiche is as muche to faye, as, bee quyet, bee quyet; Techeta cynato giiamechyiia: That is, god wyl bee 
 greatly angerie. Guamechyna, fygnifyeth god, Tcchcta greatly, Cynato angrie. But the hufbande halynge her 
 by the arme, '.yde: Giiaibba, that is, go: Cynato macabitca guamechyna: That is: what is that to me if god be 
 angerye? And with thefe woordes as he profered her violence, foodenlye he became dumme and lame. Yet 
 by this myracle beynge (Iriken with repentaunce, he euer after ledde a relygious lyfe : In fo muche that from 
 thenfe foorthe hee woolde neuer fuffer the chappell to bee fwepte or decked with any other mannes hande. 
 By the fame myracle, manye of th[e]inh.abitauntes and all the Chriflians beyng moued, reforted deuoutly to the 
 chappell. They take it in good parte that the kynge fuffered the reuenge of that reproche. Lette vs nowe 
 retourne to Cafpium. That falte lake is toffed with flormes and tempeflts ; And oftentymes drowneth fmaule 
 fliyppes or fyfflier boates, and fwaloweth them vppe with the maryncrs : ^n fo muche that it hath not byn harde 
 of, that any man drowned by fliyppewracke, euer ploonged vppe ageyne, or was cafle on the fliore, as commonly 
 chaunceth of the deade bodyes of fuche as are drowned in the fea. Thefe tempeiles, are the deintie banquetes 
 of the Tiburones. This Cafpium, is cauled Ilagueigabon. In the m)dde(l hereof, lyeth an Ilande named 
 Guarizacca, to the whiche they reforte when they go a fyffliynge: But it is not cultured. There is in the fame 
 playne, an other lake nexte vnto this, whofe water is niyxte of falte and freflie : And is therfore nother apte to 
 bee droonke, nor yet to bee refufed in vrgente neceffytie. This conteineth in length, xxv. miles, and in breadth 
 eight myles : In fumme places alfo nyne or ten. It receaueth manye ryuers whiche haue no paflage owte of 
 the Axme, but are fwalowed vppe as in the other. Water fi)ringeth out of the fea into this alfo : but in no great 
 quantitie, whiche is the caufe that it is fo commyxte. In the fame prouynce towarde the Wefle fyde, there is 
 an other lake of freflie water, not farre diflante from Cafpius. Tiiis th[e]inhabitauntes caule lainagua. The 
 fame falte lake, hath on the North fyde therof, an other named Guaccaa. This is but lyttle : as not pad three 
 or foure myles in breadth, and one in length. The water of this, maye well bee droonke. On the fouthe fyde 
 of the falte lake, there lyeth an other named Babbareo, of three myles in length and in maner rounde. The 
 water of this is freflie as of the two other. This lake bycaufe it hath no paflage owte nor yet anye fwalowynge 
 goulfes, conueyeth the fuperfluous waters to the fea if it be encreafed with the (Ireanies whiche faule fumtimes 
 more abondantly from the montaincs. This is in the region of Xamana in the prouince of Bainoa. There 
 is an other cauled Guaniba, lying betwene the Eafl, and the .South nere vnto the fyde of Cafpius. This is ten 
 myles in length and almofle rounde. There are furthermore many other fmaule flandyng pooles or lakes 
 ilifparfed here and there in the Hand, whiche I wyll lette paffe lefte I fliuldc bee tedious in roniainyng to longe 
 
^sm 
 
 ■"*^. 
 
 7/ic thyrde Decade. 
 
 171 
 
 in one thynge. I wyll therfore make an ende with this addition, that in all thefc, great plentie of fyflie and 
 foule is nouryfnied. All thefe lakes lye in a large plaync, the whiche from the Eall reacheth into the Weft a 
 hundreth and twentie myles: beyng of breadth, xviii. rnyles where it is naroweft, and. w: where it is largefl. 
 Lookyng toward the Weft, it hath collaterally on the Icfte hande the montaines ol Daiguani: And on the ryght 
 hande, the montaines of Caigiia, fo cauled of the name of the vale it felfe. At the rootes of the montaines of 
 Caigna toward the North fyde, there lyeth an other vale much longer and larger then that before named. For 
 it conteineth in length, almofte two hundreth myles; And in bredth. xxx. wher it is largeft, and about, xx. wher 
 it is naroweft This vale in fumme parte therof, is cauled Maguana : In an other place, fgimmii, and elles 
 where, Hathathiei. And forafmuche as wee haue here made mention of this parte of the vale named Ilathatliid, 
 wee wyll fumwhat digreffe from the difcourfe of this defcription, and entreate of a thinge fo ftraunge and 
 maruelous, that the lyke hath not byn hard of. So it is therfore, that the kyng of this region named Carama- 
 texius, taketh great pleafure in fyffliinge. Into his nettei chanced a younge fyfhe of the kynde of thofe huge 
 monfters of the fea whiche th[e]inhabitours caule Maiiati, not founde I fuppofe in owre feas nor knowen to 
 owre men before this tyme. This fyfhe is foure footed, and in fhape lyke vnto a tortoyfe althoughe fhee be not 
 couered with a fhel, but with fcales; And thofe of fuch hardneffe and couched in fuche order, that no arrowe can 
 hurte her. Her fcales are byfet and defend with a thoufand knobbes. Her backe is playne, and her heade vtterly 
 lyke the heade of an oxe. She lyueth both in the water and on the lande ; She is Howe of mouynge ; of condition 
 meeke, gentell, aflbcyable and louing to mankind and of a maruelous fence or memorie as are the elephant and the 
 delphyn. The king norifflied this fyflie certeine daies at home with the breade of the countrey, made of the roote of 
 lucca and Panycke with fuche other rootes as men are accuftomed to eate. For when fhee was yet but younge, he 
 caft her into a poole or lake neare vnto his palaice there to bee fedde with hande. This lake alfo receaueth 
 waters and cafteth not the fame foorth ageine. It was in tyme pafte cauled Gtiaurabo : But is nowe cauled the lake 
 of Manati after the name of this fyfhe whiche wandered fafelye in the fiime for the fpace of xxv. yeares, and 
 grewe excedyng byg. What fo euer is wTitten of the Delphines of Baian or Arion, are muche inferior to the 
 dooinges of this fyfh : which for her gentle nature they named Malum, that is gentle or noble. Therefore when 
 fo euer any of the kynges familyers, efpecially fuche as are knowen to her, reforte to the bankes of the lake and 
 caule Matiim, Matiim, then fhe (as myndefuU of fuche benefites as flie hath receaued of men) lyftethe vp her 
 heade and commeth to the place whither fhe is cauled, and there receaueth meate at the handes of fuche as 
 feede her. If any defirous to paffe ouer the lake, make fignes and tokens of theyr intente, flie boweth her felfe 
 to them, therewith as it were gentelly inuitynge them to amount vppon her, and conueyeth them fafely ouer. 
 It hath byn feene that this nionftrous fyffhe hath at one tyme fafely caryed ouer tenne men fmginge and playinge. 
 But if by chaunce when flie lyfteed vp her heaffe flie efpyed any of the Chriftian men, fhe woolde immediatly 
 ploonge downe ageyne into the water and refufe to obey, bycaufe flic had once receaued iniury at the handes of 
 a certeyne wanton younge man amonge the Chriftians, who hadde cafte a fharpe darte at her, although fhe were 
 not hurte by reafon of the hardenes of her fkynne beinge roughe and ful of finales and knobbes as we haue 
 fayde. Yet dyd fhe beare in memorie th[e]iniurie flie fufteyned, with fo gentell a reuenge requitynge 
 th[e]ingratitude of hym which had delte with her fo vngentelly. From that day when fo euer flie was cauled by ■ 
 any of her familiers, fhe woolde fyrft looke circumfpcctly about her, leaft any were prefent appareled after the 
 maner of the Chriftians. She woolde oftentymes play and wreftle vppon the banke with the kynges chamberlcns ; 
 And efpecially with a younge man whom the kynge fauoured well, beinge alfo accuftomed to feede her. Slice 
 woolde bee fumetymes as pleafaunt and full of play as it had byn a moonkey or marmafet ; And was of longe 
 tyme a great comfort and folace to the hole Hande. For no fmaule confluence afwell of the Chriftiana as of 
 th[e]inhabitantes, had dayly concourfe to beholde fo ftraunge a myracle of nature, the contemplation wherof was 
 no lefTe pleafaunt then woonderfuU. They fay that the meate of this kynde of fyfflie, is of good tafte : And that 
 many of them are engendered in the feas therabout. But at the length, this pleafaunt playfelowe was lofte, and 
 caried into the fea by the great ryuer Altibuniais, one of the foure which diuide the Hande. For at that tyme 
 there chaunced fo terrible a tempeft of wind, and rayne, with fuch fluds enfewing that the like hath not lightly 
 byn hard of. By reafon of this tempeft, the ryuer Attibunicus fo ouerflowed the bankes, that it fylled the hole 
 vale and myxt it felfe with all the other lakes. At which tyme alfo, this gentell Matiim and pleafaunte 
 companyon, folowynge the vehemente courfe and faule of the fluddes, was therby reftored to his oulde moother 
 and natyue waters, and fence that tyme neuev feene ageyne. Thus hauynge digrefled fufficiently, let vs nowe 
 coome to the fituation of the vale. It hathe collaterally the mountaynes of Cibaua and Caigtiam which 
 brynge it to the South fea. There is an other vale beyonde the mountaynes of Cibaua towarde the North, 
 This is cauled the vale of Guarionexiiis, bycaufe that before the memorie of man, the prediceffours and 
 aunceftours of kyng Guarionexius to whom it is defcended by right of inheritaunce, were euer the lordes 
 of the hole vale. Of this kynge, we haue fpoken largely in the fyrft narration of the Hande in the 
 fyrft Decade. This vale is of length from the F,aft to the Weft, a hundreth and fourefcore myles: And of 
 
 A pl.iyne of .1 
 hundreth nnd 
 twentie miles 
 
 A playne of two 
 hundreth niylcs in 
 length. 
 
 The maruelous 
 fysshe Manati. 
 
 131 
 
 A monster of the 
 sea 'edde with 
 uans hande. 
 
 Matum. 
 
 A fyshe caryelh 
 men ouer the lake 
 
 A maruelous 
 thynge. 
 
 The ryuer 
 Attibunicus. 
 
 The situation of 
 the great vale. 
 
 The mountaynes 
 of Cibaua and 
 
 Caiguam. 
 
 The grcate vale 
 of Ouarionexiu.^ 
 
 !li 
 
•IS 
 
 1 •■ 
 
 ^1 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
 : / 
 
 1 ' ■' i 
 
 t' - 
 
 \ ' 
 
 %. ' i 
 
 U 
 
 172 
 
 T/ie thyrdc Decade. 
 
 132 
 
 ^!rmIllayncs. 
 V.ilcs. 
 Ilyllcs. 
 iMayncs, 
 Kyuer*. 
 (JnUlc in nil 
 nionntayncs, nivl 
 goltle and fysshj 
 in alt ryuers. 
 
 Salle baycs. 
 
 Howe the Ilande 
 is diui(](.Hl with 
 nioiiniaynes. 
 
 Gc.Uie. 
 
 The rj'uers liaue 
 thcyr increase 
 from the caues rf 
 the mountayncs 
 No hurtful or 
 rauenince l*cast 
 in the Ilande. 
 
 The aiitours 
 excuse. 
 
 By what mcancs 
 the people of the 
 Hand are gretly 
 consumed. 
 
 The plesures of 
 Hispaniola. 
 
 The region nf 
 Cotohi, situate in 
 the Clowdes. 
 
 A playne in the 
 tnppes of 
 mountaynes 
 
 The hygher, the 
 
 coutder. 
 
 Moderate couUle 
 in the mountayncs. 
 
 Ferne of 
 maruclous bignes 
 
 Golde. 
 
 133 
 
 Thfcjinhahitantes 
 nf Hispaniol.i can 
 aliyde no labour 
 nor couldc. 
 
 The Hand ..I 
 Crcta or Candic, 
 vnder the 
 dominion of the 
 Venetians. 
 
 breadth from the South to the North, thirtie myles wher it is naroweft, and fiftie where it is brodeftc. It 
 begynneth from the region Canabocoa by the prouinces of I/u' ^>'o and Caial<o: And cndeth in the prouince 
 of Bainoa and the region of Mariaia. It lyeth in the myddcft betwene the mountaynes of Cibaiia, 
 and the mountaynes of Cahonai and Cazaailuina. There is no prouince nor any region, which is not notable 
 by the maieRie of mountaynes, frutefulnes of vales, plcafauntnelTe of hylles, and delcctablenes of playnes, with 
 abundaunce of fayre ryuers runnynge through the (;ime. There are no fides of mountaynes or hylles, no ryuers, 
 which abound not with golde and delycate fyfflies, except only one r)-uer which from th[e]originall therof, with 
 the fprynges of the fame breakjngc foorth of the mountaynes, commeth owt falte and fo contynueth vntyll it 
 peryfhe. This ryuer is caulcd Bahuan : and nmneth through the myddle of the region Afai:;iiana in the prouince 
 oi Bainoa. They fuppofe that this ryuer hathe made it felfe awaye vnder the grounde by fume paflliges of 
 playRer or falte earthe. For there are in the Ilande many notable (like bayes, wherof we wyl fpeake more 
 hereafter. We haue declared howe the Ilande is diuided by foure ryuers and fjnie prouinces. There is alfo an 
 other particion, whiche is this. The hole Ilande confyfleth of the tops of foure mountaines which diuide it by 
 the myddefl from the Eafl to the wefle. In all thefe is abundance of noorj-fhynge moyfture and greate plentie 
 of golde ; of the caues alfo of the whiche, the waters of al the riuers (into the which the caues emptie them 
 felues) haue theyr originall and incrcafe. There are lykewyfe in them horryble dennes, obfcure and darke vales, 
 and myghtie rockes of flone. There was neuer any noyfome bcafle founde in it; Nor yet any rauenynge foure 
 footed beafte. No lyon, no beare no fierce tygers, no craftie foxes, nor deuouring woolfes. All thyngcs are 
 bleffed and fortunate : And nowe more fortunate, for that fo many thoufondes of men are receaued to bee the 
 flieepe of ChriRcs flocke, all theyr Zemes and Images of deuylles being reiected and vtterly out of memorie. 
 If I chaunce nowe and then in the difcourfe of this narration to repeate one th>nige dyuers tymes or otherwife 
 to make digrelTion, I mufl defyre yowre holynes therwith not to bee offended. For whyle I fee, heare, and 
 wryte thefe thinges, mee feemeth that I am herewith fo affected, that for verj-e ioy I feele my mynde (lirred as 
 it were with the fpirite of Apollo as were the Sibylles, whereby I am enforced to repeate the fame ageyne : 
 Efpecially when I confyder howe farre the amplitude of owre religion fpreadeth her wynges. Yet amonge thefe 
 fo many bleffed and fortunate thynges. this one greeueth me not a lyttle : That thefe fimple poore men neuer 
 brought vp in labour, do dayly peryfhe with intoUerable trauayle in the golde mynes : And are therby brought 
 to fuche defpcration, that many of them kyll them felues, hauynge no regarde to the procreation of chyldren. 
 In fo much that women with chylde, perceauynge that they fliall brynge foorth fuch as fhalbe flaues to the 
 Chriflians, vfe medecines to deflroy theyr conception. And albeit that by the kynges letters patentes it was 
 decreed that they fhulde bee fet at lybertie, yet are they conflrayned to feme more then feemeth conuenient for 
 free men. The number of the poore wretches is woonderfully extenuate. They were once rekened to bee 
 aboue twelue hundreth thoufande heades : But what they are nowe, I abhorre to rehearfe. We wyll therefore 
 let this paffe : and returne to the pleafures of Hifpaniola. In the mountaynes of Cihaiia, which are in mancr 
 in the myddefl of the Ilande in the nrouince of Caiabo (where we fayd to bee the greatefl plentie of natyue 
 golde) there is a region named Cotohi, fituate in the clowdes, enuironed with the toppes of hyghe mountaynes, 
 and well inhabited. It confifleth of a playne of. xxv. myles in length, and. xv. in breadth. This playne is 
 hygher then the toppes of other mountaynes : So that thefe mountaynes, maye feeme to bee the chiefe and 
 progenitours of the other. This playne fuffereth alterations of the foure tymes of the yeare : as the Sprynge, 
 Soomer, Autumne, and wynter. Here the herbes waxe wythered, the trees loofe theyr leaues, and the medowes 
 become hore : The whiche thynges (as we haue fayde) chaunce not in other places of the Ilande, where they 
 haue only the Spring and Autumne. The foyle of this playne br)Tigeth foorth ferne and bramble bufflies 
 bearynge blacke berries or wylde rafpes, which two are tokens of coulde regions. Yet is it a fayre region: for 
 the coulde therof is not very fliarpe : neyther dooth it aflicte th[e]inhabitantes with frofle or fnowe. They argue 
 the frutefulnes of the region by the ferne, whofe flalkes or fleames are bygger then a fpere or iauelen. The 
 fydes of thofe mountaynes are ryxhe in golde. Yet is there none appoynted to dygge for the fame, bycaufe it 
 fhalbe needefuU to haue apparelled niyners, and fuch as are vfed to labour. For th[e]inhabitantes lyuynge 
 contented with lyttle, are but tender : And can not therfore away with labour or abyde any coulde. There are 
 two ryuers which runne through this region, and faule from the topp.-'s of the prefent mountaynes. One of thefe 
 is named Comoiayxa, whofe courfe is towarde the Weft, and fauleth into the chanell of Naiba. The other is 
 cauled Tirccoius: which runnynge towarde the Eaft, ioyneth with the ryuer of Ittniia. In the Ilande of Crcta 
 (nowe cauled Candie) as I paffcd by in my legacie to the Soldane of Alcayr or Babylon in Egj'pte, the 
 Venetians toulde me that there laye fuche a region in the toppes of the mountaynes of Ida. whiche they affirme 
 to bee more frutefuU of wheate corne then any otiier region of the Hand. But forafmuch as once the Cretenfes 
 rebelled agenft the Venetians, and by reafon of the flreight and narowe way to the toppes therof, longe defended 
 the region with armes againfl th[e]auctoritie of the Senate, and at the length beinge forweryed with warres, 
 rendered the fame, the Senate commaunded that it fhulde bee lefte d'ferte, and the (Ireightes of th[e]enter- 
 17a 
 
-n,: 
 
 The tliyyde Decade. 
 
 173 
 
 aunces to bee flopped, lefte any (hulde afcende to the region without their pcmiiffyon. Yet in the yeare of 
 Chrifte M. D. ii. lycence was graunted to the hufband men to tyll and manure the region, on fuche condition 
 that no fuche as were ajjle to tiie warrcs, myght enter into the fame. Tliere is alfo an other region in Ilifpaniv/a 
 named Colo/iy after the fame name. This diuideth the boundes of tlic prouinces of I'/iabo and Caiabo. It 
 hath mountayncs, vales, and plaines. But bycaufe it is baren, it is not nniche inhabited. Yet is it richefl in 
 golde: For the originall of the abundaunce of gold, beginneth here: In fo muche that it is not gathered in 
 fmaule graines and fparkes as in other places: but is founde hole, maffie, and [lure, emonge certaine foftc 
 flones and in the \aines of rockos, by breakynge the ftones wherof, they folowe the vaynes of golde. Thcj' 
 liaue founde by experience, that the vayne of goldc is a lyuinge tree: And that the fame by all wayes that it 
 fpreadeth and fpringeth from the roote by the fofte pores and paffagcs of the yearth, putteth foorth brandies 
 euen vnto the vppcrmofl part of the earth, and ceafeth not vntyl it difcouer it felfe vnto the open ayer: At 
 whiche time, it flieweth foorth certaine bcwtifiill colours in the fleede of floures, rounde flones of golden earth 
 in the (leede of frutes, and thynne plates in (leede of leaues. Thefe are they whiche are difparcled throughout 
 the hole Ilande by the courfe of the ryuers, eruptions of the fpringes owte of the montaines, and violent faules 
 of the fluddes. For they thincke that fuch graines are not engendered where they are gathered; efpecially on 
 the dry land: but otherwife in the riuers. They fay that the roote of the golden tree extendcth to the center 
 of the earth and there taketh noriflicnient of increafe. For the deaper that they dygge, they fynd the trunkes 
 therof to be fo muche the greater as farre as they maye folowe it for abundaunce of water fpringing in the 
 montaines. Of the braunches of this tree, they fynde fumme as fmaule as a threde, and other as bygge as a 
 mannes fynger accordynge to the largeneffe or flraightnefie of the ryftes and clyftes. They haue fumetimes 
 chaunced vpon hole caues fufleyned and borne vp as it were with golden pyllars : .\nd this in the wayes by the 
 whiche the branches afcende : The whiche beynge fylled with the fubftaunce of the truncke creapynge from 
 beneath, the branche maketh it felfe waye by whiche it maye pafTe owte. It is oftentymes diuided by encoun- 
 terynge with fum kynde of harde (lone. Yet is it in other clyftes noorifflied by the exhalations and vertue of 
 the roote. But now perhappes yowe will afl^e me what plentie of golde is brought from thenfe. Yowe fliall 
 therfore vnderllande that onely owte of Hifpaniola, the fum of foure hundreth and fumtymes fyue hundreth 
 thoufande ducates of gold is brought yearely into Spayne : as may be gathered by the fyfthe portion dewe to 
 the kynges Excheker, which amounteth to the fum of a hundreth and fourfcore, or fourefcore and ten thoufande 
 Caftellanes of golde, and fumtymes more. What is to bee thought of the Ilande of Cuba and SauHi lohaimis (other- 
 wife cauled Burichena) beyng both very ryche in golde, we wyll declare further hereafter. To haue fayde thus 
 muche of golde, it (hall fufTyce. Wewyll nowe therfore fpeake fumwhat of falte wherwith wee may feafon and referue 
 fuche thynges as are bought with golde. In a region of the prouince oi Baiiwa, in the montaynes of Daiagiio, 
 about twelue myles didant from the falte lake cauled Cafpius, there are falte bayes in the montaynes in a maner as 
 hard as (loones, alfo clearer and whiter then cridall. There are lykewyfe fuche falte bai whiche growe woon- 
 derfully in Laktania (now cauled Catalonia) in the territorie of the duke of Cadona the cuiefe ruler in that region. 
 But fuche as knowe theym bothe, affyrme that thefe of Baiiwa are mofle notable. They faye alfo that this can not 
 be clefte without wedges and beatelles of Iron. But that of Laklana, maye eaflye bee broken as I my felfe haue 
 proued. They therfore compare this to fuche (loones as may eafely bee broken : And the other to marble. In the 
 prouince of Caizimii, in the regions of Ji;iianama, Caiacoa, and Guuriagua, there are fprynges whofe waters are 
 of maruelous nature, beynge in the fuperfytial or vppermoofle parte, freflie : In the myddefl, myxte of falte and 
 fre(he : And in the lowed parte, falte and fower. They thincke that the iixlte water of the fea, ifflieweth owte 
 foftely, and the freflie, to fjiringe owte of the mountaines. The one fauleth downe and the other ryfeth : and are 
 not therfore fo vniuerfally niyxt wherby the one may vtterly corrupt th[e]other. If any man laye his eare to the 
 grounde neare to any of thefe fpringes, he dial perceaue the ground there to bee fo hoUowe, that the reboundyng 
 noyfe of a horfeman comminge may be harde for the fpace of three myles, and a foote man one niyle. In the 
 lade region towarde the fouthe named Guaccaiarima, in the lordfliyp of Zauana, tliey fay there are certeyne 
 wyld men whiche lyue in the caues and dennes of the montaynes, contented onely with wilde fruites. Thefe 
 men neuer vfed the companye of any other : nor wyll by any meanes becoome tame. They lyue without any 
 certaine dwellynge places, and with owte tyllage or culturynge of the grounde, as wee reade of them whiche in 
 oulde tyme lyued in the golden age. They fay alfo that thefe men are withowte any certaine language. They 
 are fumtymes feene. But owre men haue yet layde handes on none of them. If at any tyme they coome to 
 the fyght of men, and perceyiie any makynge toward them, they fiye fwifter then a harte. Ye they affyrme them 
 to bee fwifter then grehowndes. Wliat one of thefe folytarie wanderers dyd, it is worth the hearyng. So it is 
 that owr men hauyng granges adioyning nere vnto the tliicke wods, certen of them repaired thither in the 
 mooneth of September in the yeare. M. D. xiiii. In the meane tyme, one of thefe wylde men came leapynge 
 owte of the woodde. And approchynge fumwhat toward them with fmyling countenaunce, foodenly fnatched 
 vppe a childe of therfe beynge the foonne of the owner of the graunge, whiche he begotte of a woman of the 
 
 ■73 
 
 Pure .mil ma^isie 
 guide in Iho 
 rcgiuii of C'ulny. 
 
 'Mic vaine orgDUIc, 
 i< .1 lyiiyngL' ircc. 
 
 'I'hese colers or 
 lloures arc ciiilctl 
 Marcha.siu-s, 
 Pyrites. 
 
 'I'lic rnole of the 
 gulden tree. 
 
 The braunrhc! nf 
 the golden tree. 
 
 Caues susteyned 
 with pyllers of 
 golde. 
 
 The stones of the 
 guide inynes. 
 
 What gold is 
 lirought ycrely 
 from Hifpaniola 
 into Spayne. 
 
 S.alte of the 
 mount. tynes, very 
 hard and cteare. 
 
 134 
 
 Salt as hard as 
 
 StUIlCS. 
 
 Spryngcs of salt, 
 frcsslic and suwur 
 water. 
 
 H'llowe caues in 
 the groiiiKJe 
 
 Certeyne wytdniei 
 lyuing in caues 
 and dcnncs 
 
 Men without a 
 certeyne language 
 
 Men as su ifi as 
 greihuunds 
 A wyld man 
 nuineth away 
 with a chy!dc 
 
 : i| 
 
 '1 
 
 i i 
 
 I, 
 
3rT 
 ! 
 
 !! 
 
 174 
 
 Piirlie of ilie 
 rocku. 
 
 Pitche ofiwo 
 kymies of ircc-i. 
 The )iiiig ircc 
 1 lie triic Cnpci.!. 
 
 Thclcaftf uf a tree 
 ill tlic Ktecdu of 
 paper. 
 
 They Itvlciie tli.it 
 Icauc^ tit) ■-p'jaku. 
 A prt'iic ^.turic. 
 
 135 
 
 lKiii>r;»ncec.'ivisctIi 
 ;ulii)ir;Uiuii. 
 
 The le:ifc wlicrin 
 lliey urytc. 
 
 A stronjje colour 
 of the iiuseuf an 
 opple. 
 
 An Htrlie whose 
 smoke is puysoii. 
 
 The thyrdc Decade, 
 
 ILinde. He ranne awaye with the childe, and niadu fygncs to owre men to folowe hym. Many folowed afwel 
 ofowre men as of the naked inhabytantes, but all in vayne. 'I'huswheii the pleafaunt wanderer perccaued that 
 the Chriftians ceafed to piirfuc hym, he lefte the childe in a crolTe wayo by the whiche the fwyneheardes were 
 accurtomed to dryue the fwyne to their iiaflure. Shortly after, a fwyncliearde foundc the chyld and brought 
 hym home to his father yet tormentyngc hym felfe for forowc, fupiiofynge that wyldc man to hauc byn one of 
 the kynde of the Canibalos, and that his foonne was nowe deuowred. In the l;xme Ilande they gather jiytche 
 whi<he fwcateth owte of the rot kcs, bcynge muche harder and fi iircr then the pitche of the tree : and is thcrfore 
 more conimodiinis to calke or dtfende niy|)pes ageynfle the woornies caiiled liromas, wherof wee haiie fpoken 
 largely before. This Ilande alio bryngeth foorth jtitche in two kyndes of trees, as in the I'yne tree and an other 
 named Copfia. I nce<le not fpeake of the jiyne tree, bycaiife it is engendered and knowen in nianer eiiery 
 where. I.ette vs therfore fpeake fumwhat of the other tree cauled Copi-ia: Pitche is lykewyfe gathered of it as 
 of the pyne tree: ahhoughe fumme faye that it is gathered by dillyllyng or droppyng of the woode when 
 it is burnt. It is a flraunge thynge to here of the leafe thereof: and how necefHiry prouifion of nature is 
 fliewed in the fame. It is to be thought that this is the tree in the Icaucs wherof the Chaldeans (bcynge the 
 fyrfle fynden-i of letters) e.xpreffed their myndes before the vfe of paper was knowen. This leafe is a fpanne 
 in breadth and almofl round. Owre men write in them with ]iynnes or nedles or any fuche indnimentes 
 made of mctall or woodde, in manor as well as on jjajier. It is to bee lawghed at what owre men haue 
 pcrfwaded the people of the Ilande as towchynge this leafe. The fymple foules beleue that at the com- 
 mandement of owre men, leaues do fpeak and difclofe fecreates. They were brought to this credulitie 
 by this mcane.s. One of owre men dwellynge in the citie of Dominica the chiefe of the Ilande, delyuered 
 to his feruaimte (bcyng a man borne in the Ilande) certayne roflcd connies, (whiche they caule Vtias 
 beynge no bygger then myfe) wyllynge hym to carie the fame to his frende whiche dwelte further within the 
 Ilande. This nieffenger, whether it were that he was therto conflrayned through hunger, or entyfcd by appetite, 
 deuoured three of the counnies by the waye. Me to whome they were fente, writ to his frynde in a leafe howe 
 manye he receaued. When the mayfler had looked a whyle o; the leafe in the prefence of the feruaunt, he 
 fayde thus vnto hym. Ah foonne, where is thy fiiythe? Coulde thy gredye appetyte preuayle fo muche 
 with the as to caufc the to eate the connies commytted to thy fydelytie? The poore wretche trembelynge and 
 greatlye aniafed, confeffed his faute : And therwith defyred his mayfler to tell hym howe he knewe the treweth 
 therof. This leafe (quod he) whiche thou browghtefl me, hath toulde me all. Then hee further rehearfed vnto 
 hym the houre of his coommynge to his frende, and lykewyfe of his departynge when hee retourned. And thus 
 they nieryly deceaue thefe feely foules and keepe theym vnder obedyence: In fo muche that they take owre men 
 for goddes, at whofe coommaundement leaues doo difclofe fuche thynges as they thyncke moofle hyd and 
 fccreate. Bothe the fydes of the leafe receaueth the formes of letters euen as dooeth owre paper. It is thycker 
 then double parchement, and meruelous toughe. While it is yet lloryflliynge and newe, it flieweth the letters 
 whyte in greene. And when it is drye, it beconimeth whyte and harde lyke a table of woodde ; but the letters 
 wexe yelowe. It dooeth not corrupte or putrifye: nor yet loofeth the letters thoughe it bee wette: nor by any 
 other meanes e.xcepte it bee burnte. There is an other tree named A'<Ci7M : the iuife of whofe foure apple 
 beynge of a darke redde coloure, flayneth and coloureth what foo euer is touched therwith : And that foo 
 fynnely, that noo waffliynge canne take it awaye for the fpace of twentie dayes. When the apple is full ripe, the 
 iuife loofeth that llrength. The apple is eaten, and of good taR There is alfo an herbe whofe fmoke (as we 
 haue reherfed the like before of a certen woodde) is deadly poifon. On a tyme when the kynges aflembled 
 together and confpired the deflruction of o^^Te men, whereas they durfle not attempte th[e]enterprife by open 
 warre, theyr diuife wps. priuilye to lay many bundels of thofe herbes in a certeyne houfe, whiche (Tiortly after 
 they intended to fet on fyer, to th[e]intent that owre men makynge hafle to (juenflie the fame, myght take theyr 
 death with the fmoke therof. But theyr purpofed practyfe beinge bewrayed, th[e]autours of the diuife were 
 punyfflied accordyngly. Nowe (mode holy father) for as much as yowre holynefle wryteth that what fo euer we 
 haue written of the newe worlde, dooth pleafe yowe ryght well, wee wyll reherfe certeyne thynges owte of order, 
 but not greatly from owre purpofe. Of the fettynge the rootes of Maiziinn, Agis, Iiicca, Ballatas, and fuch other 
 beinge the)T common foode, and of th[e]ufe of the fame, we haue fpoken fufficiently before. But by what meanes 
 they were fyrde applyed to the commoditie of men, we haue not yet declared. We nowe therefore cntende to 
 cnlreate fumwhat hereof 
 
 «74 
 
 ^'\ 
 
KC23 
 
 t-. 
 
 The thyydc Decade. 
 
 175 
 
 and 
 
 C The nynth booke of the tiiyrde Dixade. 
 
 iJIir.Y faye that the fyrflc inhahitours lyiiiil contented witli the rootes of dates, and Magueans, 
 wliich is an herbe muche lykc vnto that which is commonly cauled Sengrene or Orpin. Alfo 
 the rootes of Guaiegans, whichc are rounde and greate miu he lyke vnto piitTes of the earth or 
 mufflaTomes. 'I'hey did lykewifc eate Giinitros, lykc vnto perfencppes: Cibaios lyke nuttes, 
 Calhiiofs and Macoanes, lyke vnto onions, with dyiiers other fuche rootes. 'I'hey fay that 
 after many yeares, a certeyne Jhntion, that is, a wyfe oulde man, fawe vppon the hankes fyde, 
 a hiiflie lyke vnto fenel; and tranf|)lantyng the roote therof, brought it from wyldenes to a 
 better kynde, by nooryflhynge it in gardens. This was the begynnj'nge of litem, which at the fyrlle was deadely 
 poyfon to all fuche as dyd eate therof rawe. But for as muche as they perceaued it to bee of pleafaunte talle, 
 they determyncd many wayes to proue the vfe therof: And at the length founde by experience that beinge fodde 
 or fryed, it was lelTe hurtefuU: by whiche meanes alfo, they came to the knowledge of the veneme lyinge hyd in 
 the iufe of the roote. Thus by dryinge, faltynge, fcafonynge, and otherwyfe temperynge it, they brought it 
 to theyr fine breade which they caulc Caznl'bi, more delectable and holfomc to the (lomacke of manne then 
 breade made of wheate, bycaufe it is of eafyer digellion. The fame is to bee vnderftoode of other rootes and 
 the grayne of Maiziitm whiche they haue chofen for their chiefe meate amonge the feedes of nature, as we reade 
 howe Coa the dougliter of Satiinius, gathered wheate and barley (with fuche other come as are nowe moll in 
 vfe amonge men) in Egypte of certeyne grayncs taken owt of the mudde dryuen from the mountaynes of 
 Ethiopia by th[e]increafe of the ryuer Niliis, and lefte in the plaine at fuch tyme as Kilns refortcd ageyne to 
 his chanell. For the which facte, we reade that the antiquitie gaue diuine honour to Ceres, who fyrft norilhed 
 and increafed fuch chofen feedes. There are innumerable kyndes of Ages: the varietie wherof, is knowen by 
 theyr leaues and floures. One kynde of thefe, is cauled GiiaiWi^uax. This is whyte boothe within and without 
 An other named Guaragiici is of vyolet colour without and white within. The other kyndes of Ages, they caul 
 Zazaiieios. Thefe are redde without and whyte within. St/uii/eUs, are wliyte within and without. Tuniia, is all 
 together of vyolet coloure. Hobos is yclowe booth of fkynne and inner fubftance. There is an otiier named 
 Atibunieix : The fliynne of this is of violet colour, and the fubftance whyte. A/iigiiamar, hath his fl<ynne alfo of 
 vyolet coloure, and is whyte within. Guaeearetcca, hath a whyte (kynne, and the fubdance of vyolet colour. There 
 are many other which are not yet brought to vs. But I feare me lead in the rehearfall of thefe, I flial prouoke 
 the fpurres of malicious perfons ageynfl me which wyll fcorne thefe owr doinges for that we haue wrytten of 
 many fuch fmaule thingcs to a prince occupyed iti fuche weyghty affayres, as vnto yowre holynes vppon whofe 
 (hulders refteth the burthen of the hole Chriflian worlde. But I wolde afke of thefe malycious enuyers of 
 other mens trauayles, whether Plinie and fucli other famous wryters, when they dyrected and dedicated fuch 
 thingcs to kynges and princes, entended only to profyte them to whom they confecratcd the frute of theyr 
 knowleage. They fumtymes intermy.xte fomous thynges with obfcure thynges, lyght with heauie, and greate with 
 fmaule, that by the foortheraunce of princes, theyr vniuerfall pofleritie niyght enioye the fruition of the know- 
 leage of thynges. At other tymes alfo, beinge intent about particular thinges, and defyrous of ncwe thynges, 
 they occupyed them felues iu the fearchinge of particular tractes and coafl.es, with fuche thynges as nature 
 brought foorth in the fame, by this meanes to coome the better to more abfolute and vniuerlid knowleage. Let 
 theym therefore contenine owre doinge: And wee wyll laugh to fcorne, not theyr ignoraunce and flothfulne.s, 
 but pernicious curioufnes: And therewith hauynge pitie of theyr frowarde difpofitions, wyll commit theim to the 
 venemous ferpentes of whom enuie tooke his fyrfl. originall. It Ihall in the meane tyme abundantly contente 
 vs that thefe thynges do pleafe yowre holynes : And that yowe doo not difpife owre fnnple veflures wherwith 
 we haue only weaued togyther and not adourned, gathered and not defcribed fuch maruelous thynges in the 
 garnyfliynge wherof, nature hath fufticiently fhewed her cunnynge. Owtc defyre is none other but herein for 
 yo\vre fake to doo owre endeuoure that thefe thynges maye not peryfhe. Let euery man take hereof what 
 lyketh hym beft. Of the fheepe or buUocke foulde in the market, nothynge remayneth in the euenynge, bycaufe 
 the fhuld';i pleafeth one, the legge an other, and the necke an other. Ye, fume haue mofl phantafie to the 
 bowels, and fume to the feete. Thus hauynge enough wandered, lette vs returne to owre purpofe and declare 
 with what woordes they falute the kynges chyldren when they are fyrfl. borne: or howe they apply the begyn- 
 nyng of theyr lyues to the end : And why their kynges are cauled by many names. Therfore when the kynge 
 hath a fonne borne, fuch as dwel neare about his pallaice or vyllage, repayre to the queenes chamber, where 
 
 ■75 
 
 Thp kynrjrs uf 
 fnili -. whtrwilh 
 llic{c)irih.il>itimte» 
 lyutd fyrsl. 
 
 Kcrc*?.ilic thi* 
 tiiiiollicr uf all 
 artcs. 
 
 136 
 
 Tin: fine lirc.i'ic 
 
 the ruutc!» uf 
 luccx 
 
 llowc Cltcs fyrst 
 
 finindc wheate aiir 
 Ij.irly in Kgyiitc. 
 
 'I'liC ruulch uf.tj;t;\ 
 
 The atitours 
 
 CXCU'C 
 
 I'liuic 
 
 fl 
 
'TT 
 
 i! 
 
 ( ' 
 
 Vi 
 
 ti ' 
 
 f 
 
 176 
 
 By vfhnt names 
 
 they ulutc the 
 
 kyiigcs (.liyMrcn 
 
 when thry .ire 
 
 Ixirne. 
 
 The names ,hi<I 
 
 tylles of the 
 
 Konuuik 
 
 Kinpcruura. 
 
 137 
 
 Ifowe ihey make 
 
 iheyr IcbUiiicntcs 
 
 So dyd crcntt] 
 Alex;in<U:r 
 
 The kyngcs wyucs 
 and cuncuhines 
 are buryed with 
 hym. 
 
 They hnrie theyr 
 
 icwcis with thcni. 
 
 A dreame of an 
 
 other iyfc after 
 
 this. 
 
 Where it rayntth 
 
 but hcklomu. 
 
 Where it rayiicth 
 much. 
 
 Variable moii.»n.*i 
 of the elcmentcs. 
 The colonies and 
 vyllages which the 
 Spanyardcs haue 
 buylaed 
 
 The other Ilaiulcs 
 about hispantola. 
 
 The Ilandc 
 Arethusa. 
 
 A spryiige 
 runnyng viulcr the 
 sua froiiie 
 hispaniola to 
 Arethusx 
 
 13B 
 
 The Hand of 
 Saticti lohannis. 
 
 The Ilandc of 
 Cuba. 
 
 7'/te thyyde Decade. 
 
 one falutcth the ncwe borne chylilc with one name, ami an other with an other name. God (aue the 
 thowe fhyninge lampe faytli one: An other caulctli him hryght and cleare. Siime name him the 
 victourer of his enemies; and otlier fume, the puiffaunt comiuerour defcended of bhid'Je royall, and 
 bryghter then gold, with dyuers other fuche vayne names, Therfore lyke as cuery of the Romane emperours 
 was cauled Adiabaikus, J\trt/ikiis, Aniiriiidis Daciais, Gol/ikiis, and Girmankiis, accordynge to the titles 
 of theyr parentes and auncellours, euen fo by th[e]in)pofition of names inuented by other kynges, Bcuchkiis 
 Athtca\ii\-hoa the lord of the region of Xixra^iia (of wliome and of the wyfe woman 'Inachaona his fyfter, 
 we haue fpokcn largely in the fyrfte Decade) was cauled by all thefc names folowynge: Turcisiia Hohin: 
 whiche is as niuche to faye, as, a kynge (hynynge as bryght as laton, Starei, that is, bryghte : Iluilio, 
 hyghnelTe: Diii/iiyinyinn, a ryche lliulde. With all thefe names and more then fortye other fuche, dooetli 
 kynge Ih-iuhiiis magnifye hym felfe as often as he commaundeth any thyiige to bee doone or caufeth any 
 proclamation to bee made in his name. If the cryer by neglygence leaue owtc any of thefe names, the king 
 thynketh it to founde greatly to his contumely and reproche. The lyke is alfo of other. Howe fondely they 
 vfe them felues in makynge their ledamentes, we wyll nowe declare. They leaue th[e]inheritaunce of their 
 kyngedomes to th[e]eldeft loonncs of their cldcR fyfters. If fliee fayle, to th[e]el(lefl. of the feconde fyfler and 
 fo of the thirde if the fecond alfo faile. For they are owte of double that tliofe children coome of their bludde. 
 But the children of their owne wyues, they counte to bee not legitimate. If there remayne none of their fyfters 
 children, they leaue th[e]inlieritaunce to their broothers. And if they faile, it defcendeth to their owne foonnes, 
 Lafle of all, if al thefe faile, they affygne it to the woortliiefl, as to hym that is of greated power in all the Ilande, 
 that he may defende their fubiectes from their auncient enemyes. They take as many wyues as them lylleth. 
 They fuffer the bcfl bclouud of the kyngcs wyues, and concubynes to bee buryed with hym. Anachaoiia the 
 fyder of Beuchius the kyng of Xamgiin, being a woman of fuche wifedome and cunnynge that in makynge of 
 rhymes and balettes fliee was counted a prophetiffe emonge the befte, commaunded, that emonge all the wyues 
 and concubynes of the kinge her brother, the fajrurefl (whofe name was Guanahattabcncchiiia) fliulde be buried 
 alyue with him, and two of her waytyng niaydes with her. Shee woolde alfo haue appointed dyuers other to 
 that offyce, if fliee had not byn otherwife pcrfwaded by the prayers of certeyne fryers of faincte Fraunces order 
 whiche chaunced then to bee prefente. They faye that this Gmiiahattabcncchina had none in all the Hand 
 comparable to her in bewtie. She buried with her all her iewclles and twentie of her bed ornamentes. Their 
 cuflome is, to place befyde cuery of them in theii- fupulturcs, a cuppe full of water and a portion of '.he fyne breade 
 of Cazabbi. In Xaragtia, the regyon of this kynge Beuchius, and in Ilazua, parte of the regyon of Caiabo, alfo 
 in the fayre vale of folte and fredie lakes, and lykewife in the region of Yaquino in the proujnce of Baiiioa, it 
 rayneth but feldome. In al thefe regyons are foffes or trenches made of oulde tyme, wherby they conueye the 
 waters in order to water their fyeldes, with no lelTe arte then doo th[e]inhabitours of newe Carthage, and of the 
 kyngedome of Murckii in Spartaria for the feldoonie foule of rayiie. The region o{ Maguana, deuydeth the 
 prouynce of Baiiioa from Caiabo, and Zaiiana from Guaccaiarima. in the deepe vales, they are troubled with 
 raine more often then nedeth. Alfo the confynes of the chiefe citie named (iiincte Uominike are moifter then 
 is necefiary. In other places, it rayneth moderately. Tiiere are therfore in the Ilande q{ Hi/paniola, dyuers 
 and variable motions of the elemcntes, as we reade the lyke of manye other regions. Of their colonies or 
 mantions which the Spaniardes haue erected in this Ilande we haue fpoken fuffycientelye beefore. They haue 
 fence that tyme buylded thefe vyllages : Boii'is Flake, Porius Rcgalis, Lairs, Villauoua, Azuam, and Sahiaterra. 
 Hauynge fayde thus muclie of the Ilande of Hifpaniola the moother and ladye of the other Ilandes, and as it 
 were Tethys the mode bewtifuU wyfe o{ Ncptunus the god of the fea, let vs nowe entreate fumwhat of her Nymphes 
 and faire Nereides whiche waite vppon her and adoume her on euery fyde. A\'ee wyll therfore begynne at the 
 neared cauled the newe Arethufa, foo named of the fontayiie Arctltufa in the Ilande of Sicilie. This is famous 
 by reafon of a fprynge: but othenvyfe vnprofytalMe. Own men named it of late, Duas Arbores, bycaufe it hath 
 onely twoo trees groynge in it: nere vnto th-. vvliiciio \- a I'ountaine that commeth from the Ilande oi Hifpaniola 
 throughe the fecreate i)afl;iges of the earth vmIct the fea, and breaketh foorth in this Ilande, as the ryuer 
 Alphcus in Aeliaia runneth vnder the fea from M-it ..itie of Elide, and breaketh foorth in the Ilande of Sicilie in 
 the fountayne Arctltufa. That the fountayne of this newe Arethufa hath his original from the Ilande of 
 Hifpaniola, it is manifed hereby, that the water iflbewynge owte of the fountayne, bryngeth with it the 
 leaues of many trees whiche growe in Hifpaniola, and not in this Ilande. They faye that the fountayne 
 hath his originall from the ryuer Yiamiroa in the region of Guaccaiarima confynynge with the land of Zauana 
 This Ilande is not pade a myle in circuite, and commodious for fyffher men. Directly towarde the Eade (as it 
 were the porter kepynge the enteric to Tethys) lyeth the Ilande of SanHi lohannis (othenvyfe cauled Burichena) 
 wherof wee haue fpoken largely before. This aboundeth with golde : and in fruitefuU foile, is equall with her 
 mother Hifpaniola. In this are many colonies or manfions of Spaniardes, whiche applye them felues to 
 gatherynge of golde. Towarde the wed on the Northe fyde, great Cuba (for the longeneffe therof, longe 
 
fiippofcd to l)c tlic continent or fyrme lande) wardeth owrc Tdhys on tlio hnrki; lialfc. This is niiulie longer 
 then f/i/piviio/iv. And from the I'ladc to the U'cllc, is (hiiydiil in tiic iny.idcll with the < ircK; cauicd Tivpiais 
 Caiuri. Hif/iaiiiM and the other lyinge on the South fyde of this, nre in( ludcd ahnoll in the niydde fpaic 
 bctwene the fayde Tropyice and the iMiuinoctiail lyne, wiiii he many of the oiihle writers fiippofed to bee 
 vniiai)itable and del'ert by rcafon of the feruent heate ofthefoonne in that clyme as they coniecturcd. lint 
 they were deceaued in their opinion They alVyrnie that rytciicr goldc niynes are founde in Citht then in 
 llijpanwlti. They faye alfo that euen nowe wiiile I wryte thefe thynt;es, there is golde gatliercd together ready 
 to the niehyng, aniountynge to tlie <iuantitie of a hundreth and foiirefcore tlioufande Calkllans of gold, an 
 argument furely of great rychefle. ItUiuiiat 'xa more towarde the Southe then thefe: And is a pleafaunte and 
 fruitefuU Ilandc, of loyle apte for come, gralTes, and fettes, it confyfteth of onely one mountaviie. Th[e]mhabi- 
 tauntcs are warrelyke men and of good wytte. Colonus ((jmparetl it to SiciUe in bygnelVe. They whiche of 
 late fcarched it more exactely, faye that it is funiv.hat lefle: but not nuuhe. It ij thougiu to i)e without gold 
 and precious (loones, as the like was fuppofed of Ciiba at the begynnynge. The Ilande of Giiadalupi\i (fyrfle 
 named Caniqudra) lyinge on the Southe fyde of Hifpaii'wia, is foure degrees nearer the Iviuinoctiail. It is 
 eaten and indented with two goulfes (as wee reade of great liritanye nowe cauled Knglande, and Caledonia 
 nowe cauled Scotlande) beingc in maner two Ilandes. It hath famous [jortes. In this tliey founile thatg'Mnme 
 whiche the Apothecaries caule Aiiiime A/luim, whofe fume is holfome ageynll reumes and hcauynelTe of the 
 heade. The tree whiche engenderelh this gumme, beareth a fruite miiclie lyke to a date, beinge a fpanne in 
 length. When it is opened, it fecmeth to conteyne a certayne fvveete meale. As owrc hufbande men are 
 accuflomed to referue cheftenuttes and fuche other harde fniites all the wynter, foo do they the dates of this 
 tree, beynge muche lyke vnto a fygge tree. They founde alfo in this Ilande, Pyne trees of the belle kyndc, 
 and fuche other deyntie dyfflies of nature, wherof wee hruie fpoken largely before. Ye, they tliyncke that 
 th[e]inhabitauntes of other Ilandes, had their feedes of foo many pleafaunt frutes from henfe. For the Cani- 
 bales beinge a wylde and wanderynge people, and ouer runnynge all the countreys aboute them to huntc for 
 mannes fleflie, were accuftomed to brynge home with them what fo euer they founde flraunge or profytible in 
 any place. They are intractable, and wyll admytte no flraungiers. It fliall therfore bee needefuU to ouercoome 
 them wit! great poure. For as well the women as men, are e.vperte archiers, and vfe to inueneme tlieir 
 arrowes. When the men go foortlie of the lande a man huntynge, the women manfully tlefende their coaftes 
 ageynfl fuche as attempte to inuade the fame. And hereby I fui)pofe it was thought that there were Ilandes 
 in the Ocean, inhabited onely with women, as Co/onus tlie admirall hym felfe i)erfwaded me, as I haue fayde in 
 the fyrfle decade. This Ilande hath alfo frutefull mountaynes and playnes, and notable ryuers. Ic nouryfflieth 
 honye in trees, and in the caues of rockes, as in Palma one of the Ilandes of Canarie, honye is gathered emong 
 the briers and bramble buffhes. Aboute. xviii. myles Eadeward from tliis Hand, lieth an Hand which owr men 
 named Dcfidcrata, beynge. xx. myles in circuite and verye fayrc. Alfo aboute ten myles from Giuutalufca 
 towarde the Southe, lyeth the Ilande of Galanta, beynge thirtie myles in circuite and playne. It was fo nameil 
 for the neateneffe and bewtifulnes therof. Nyne myles diftant from Giiadaliipea toward the Kad, there are fyxe 
 fmaule Ilandes named Todos Saiiflos or Barhata. Thefe are full of rockes and barren : Yet necefforye to bee 
 knowen to fuche as vfe to trauayle the feas of thefe coaflcs. Ageyne, from Guadahipea. xxxv. myles towarde 
 the Northe, there is an Ilande named Afoii/Jinatiis, conteynynge in circuite fortye myles, hauynge alfo in it a 
 mountayne of notable heyght. The Ilande named Aiitiqua, diflante from Guadalupca thirtie myles, is aboute 
 fortye myles in circuite. Diegiis Colonus the foonne and heyre of Chrijiophcr Colonus, tould me that his wyfe 
 (whome he lefte in the Ilantle of I/ifpaniola at his comming into Spaine to the courte) did write vnto hym, that 
 of late emonge the Ilandes of the Canibales, there is one founde whiche aboundeth with golde. On the lefte 
 fyde of Ilifpaniola towarde the Southe, neare vnto the hauen Bi-ata, there lyeth an Ilande named Portus Bdlus. 
 They tell maruelous thynges of the monflers of tlie fea aboute this Ilande, and efpecially of the tortoyfes. For 
 they faye that they are bygger then greate rouiide targettes. At fuche tyme as the heate of nature moueth 
 thcym too generation, they coome foorthe of the fea : And makynge a deepe pytte in the fande, they laye three 
 or foure hundreth egges therin. When they haue thus emptied their bagge of conception, they putte as muche 
 of the fande ageyne into the pytte, as maye fuffyce to couer the egges : And foo reforte ageyne to the fea, 
 nothynge carefuU of their fucceffyon. At the dnye appoynted of nature to the procreation of thefe beafles, 
 there creapeth owte a multitude of tortoyfes, as it were pyffeniares fwarmynge owte of an ante hyll : And this 
 onely by the heate of the foonne withowte any helpe of their parentes. They faye that their egges are in 
 maner as bygge as geefe egges. They alfo coompare the fleflie of thefe tortoyfes, to be equall with veale in 
 tafle. There are befyde thefe, innumerable Ilandes the whiche they haue not yet fearched : nor yet is it greatly 
 neceflarye to fyfte this meale fo fynely. It maye fuffyce to vnderflond that there are large landes and many 
 regyons whiche flial hereafter receaue owre nations, tounges, and nianers: and therwith embrafe owre relygion. 
 The Troyans dydde not foodenly replenydie Afia, the TyTians Libia, nor the Greekes and Phoenices Spayne. 
 
 Kl)E.V. Q 177 
 
 H.iliii.iMe rctfions 
 vii'lrr the 
 Kiiuiiiut.ti.tll. 
 
 The ryrhe K"I'!c 
 iTiynes of Ciili.1. 
 
 The n.irul of 
 l.tiiLtica. 
 
 I'he ll.ili.l..r 
 Gu,iil,thi|»e.i. 
 
 Knijiaiiil .iiid 
 ii>'(ttl.itl(le. 
 
 The KOi'Xiie 
 cauled Aniiiie 
 alhiini. 
 O.ilel. 
 
 Pine trees. 
 
 The Ciltib.ile 
 
 \ It was 
 I ih.it there 
 Hides of 
 
 IIi>ny in trees 
 and rockes. 
 
 ■III.; Il.mde 
 desiderata. 
 The Ilande 
 G.ilan.a. 
 
 The Ilandes of 
 Todos Sanctos or 
 I'lr'iat.x 
 Tl.i Uandc 
 nioiisserratiis. 
 
 139 
 
 The Ilande 
 Antiqux 
 
 The Iliin.lc 
 Purtiis H'^lhis 
 Great Tortoyscs. 
 The generation of 
 'i'ortoyscs. 
 
 The egges of 
 Tortoyscs. 
 
 Innumeralilp 
 Ilandes. 
 
 Troi:i;;s, 
 'I'lrians. 
 Greekes. 
 Phcnitiani 
 
 '\{^'-^. 
 
 k:'^ 
 
^^MinBHIP«WqH<M 
 
 Mi 
 
 K- 
 
 178 
 
 The North 
 11. Hides. 
 
 The tliyrde Decade. 
 
 The 
 the 
 
 Ilaiulcs of 
 .oulh StM. 
 
 The Hand of 
 pcarlcs. 
 
 Wyl.lc l>.Mr.ls 
 must Tic taiiictl 
 with thu n>J. 
 
 Alt expeilitinn to 
 the IhMulf..f 
 I>ilc^ in the Miiilli 
 sea 
 
 The Ilaiul ..f 
 Margaritca. 
 
 Os Dr.i.\<-iis. 
 l\trut. 
 
 140 
 
 A coiilli'.t. 
 
 'I''n: kypR'- nf the 
 llMKlcf IlilM 
 
 siibiiutieili 
 liiinsclfc. 
 'i'hc kyiijjcs 
 pallaicc. 
 
 A hundrctli anil 
 ten poundc weight 
 uf [jcaHei. 
 
 As touchynge the Ilandes which Ije on the north fyrlc of Hifpaniola, I haue let paffe to fpeake. For 
 albeit they are coinniodious for tyllage and fyflliynge, yet arc they leftc of the Sjianyardes as poore and of 
 fniaule value. \\'e \v)ll nowe therefore take owrc leaiie of this owlde Tethis with her moyfl and watery 
 Nyniphes: And reccaue to owre newe acquaintance the bewetifull ladye of the South fea rychely crowned with 
 great jjcarles, the Ilandc of Dites beinge rjche both in name and in treafure. In my epillc-U booke whiche I 
 fente vnto yowre liolynes this lafl yeare, I declared liowe I'afchus Niinnez Balbua the capitayne of them whiche 
 pafled ouer the daungerous niounta}nes towarde the South fea, learned by report that in the profi)ect of thofe 
 coaflis there laye an ilande ahoundynge with pearles of the greatefi forte: And that the kynge therof was ryche 
 an. I of great power, infellynge with warres the other kynges his bortherers, and efpecially Cliiapes and 
 Tumacchtis. We declared further howe at that tyme it was lefte vntouched by reafon of the ragj'nge tenipefles 
 whiche troubled that South fea three moonethes in the yeare. But it is nowe better knowen to owre men, who 
 haue nowe alfo brought that fierce kynge to humanilie: and conuerted hyni from a cruell tyger to one of the 
 nieeke flieepe of Chrifles flocke fanctifyed with the water of baptifme with all his famelie and kyngedome. It 
 (hall not therefore bee from owre purpofe to declare by the gouernaunce of what capitaines or by what meanes 
 thefe thynges were fo happely atchyued. 
 
 C The tenth booke of the thyrde Decade. 
 
 jlT the arrjuall of Pitriis Arias the newe gouernour of Dariena, he gaue commaundment that 
 one Gafpar MoraHs fluild take in hande th[e]expedition to the Ilande oi Dilcs. He there- 
 fore tooke his V)age fyrfl to C/iiapes and Tumaichus kjnges of the South, whom Vafchus 
 iK-efore had concyled and left fryndes to the Chrillians. They frendely and magnifycally 
 enterteyned owr men who prepared them a nauie of the kynges boates to paffe ouer into this 
 Ilande, which they caule Dilcs and not Margarita or Margaritca, although it abounde with 
 pearles which in the latin tonge are cauled Margarita:. For the fyrfl cauled an other 
 by this name, which lyeth next to the mouth of Os Draamis in the region of Paria, in the which alfo 
 is founde greate plentie of pearles. Gafpar brought with hym onely threefcore armed men to the Ilande, 
 for that he coulde ronuey ouer no greater number by reafon of the fmaulenes and narownes of theyr boates 
 or barkes which they caule Culc/ias, made of one hole piece of tymber as we haue fayde belbre. The 
 kynge of the Ilande came foorth ageinfl them fiercely with cruell and threatenynge countcnaunce, and with 
 a great bande of armed men cryinge in maner of a laronie and in token of the battaylc, Guazzaitara,Guazsauara, 
 which is as much to la\e as, Ijattajle ageynll the enemie: And is as it weare a watch worde to giue th[e]onfet, 
 wherwith alfo they threwe theyr dartes. For they haue not th[e]ufe of bowes. They were fo obdinate and 
 defperate that they affayled owre men with foure Guazzaiiaras, that is, battayles. .\t the length owre men with 
 certeyne of Chiapcs and Tumaxhus men (being eoulde enemies to this kynge of the Ilande) gotte the vpper 
 hande by reafon they affayled the kynge Ibodenly and vnwares. Yet was he determyncd to affemble a greater 
 power, and once ageyne to attcnii)t the fortune of warrc, but that he was otherwyfe perfuaded by the kinges his 
 bortherers which counfaylcd him to gyue ouer and fubmyt hym felfe: fumtyme by th[e]exemple of them felues 
 and other threatenynge f!:." ueil.uction of his ilooryfliynge kyngedome: And otherwhyles declarynge vnto hym 
 the humanitie and gentclnes of owre men, by whofe frendlliip he might obteyne honoure and quyctnes to hym 
 and his; wyllyng hym furthermore to confider what chaunced vnto them which the yeare before refyfled and 
 aduentured the hafarde of the battayle as dyd thefe kynges, Poiit/ia, Pocclwrrofa^ Quarcqur^ C/iiapfs, and 
 Tumaccus with fuch other. By thefe perfuafions, the king fubniytted hym felfe and came freendely to owre men 
 whom he conducted to his palaice which they fay to be marueloully adourned and princelyke. As foone as they 
 entered into the pallaice, he brought foorth a balket of curious woorkenianfliyp and full of pearles which he 
 gaue them. The funmie of thefe pearles amounted to the weyght of a hundreth and ten poundes after, viii. 
 vnccs to the pounde. Beinge agej-ne rewarded of owre men with fuch tryfles as they brought with them of 
 purpofe, as garlandns of Chrillall and glalTo and other countcrfet flones of dyuers colours, with lookyng glaffes 
 alfo and laton belles, and efpecially two or three Iren hatchets (which they more efleme then great heapes of 
 gold) he thought hym felfe abundantly reconipenfed. They laughe owre men to fcorne that they wyll dei)arte 
 with fo great and neceffarie a thyng for any fumnie of golde : atfyrmynge an axe or hatchet to bee profytable for 
 manye vfes of men : and that golde ferueth onely for wanton pleafures, and not to be greatly neceffary. Beynge 
 therlore ioyfuU and gladde of the frendefhyppe of owrc men, he tooke the cajiitaine by the hand ami brought 
 
 ! V 
 
wmm 
 
 The thyyde Decade. 
 
 179 
 
 him with certcinc of his familiars to the highell towre of his palaicc, from whenP' they myght profpecte the 
 mayne fea. Then callyng his eyes about liym on euer)- fule, and lookynge towarde tlie Eallc, he fayde vnto 
 them. Beholde liere lyeth open before yowe the infynite fea extended beyond the foonne beames. Then 
 tournyng hym toward the Southe and Wefle, he fygnyfied vnto them that the lande which hiye before their eyes, the 
 toppes of whofe great montaynes they myght fee, was exceadjnge large. Then coomniynge fumwhat nearer, he 
 fajcle: Beholde thefe Ilandes on the ryght hande and on the kfte, whiche all obeye vnto owre cmpyrc, and are 
 ryche, hai)])ye, anil blefied, if yowe caule thofe landes blelTed whiche aboundc with guide and perle[s]. Wee haue 
 in this Ilande lyttle pleiuie of golde: Hut the deepe places of all the feas aboiite thefe Ilandes, are full of perles: 
 wherof yowe fl.all receaue of me as many as yow wyll reqiiyre, fo that ye perfyfle in the bonde of frendefliyppe 
 whiche yowe haue begunne. I greatly d^'fyre yowre frendefliypije, and woolde gladlye haue the fruition of 
 yowre thynges, whiche I fette muche more by then myllyons ol jierles. Yf)we fliall therfore haue no caufe to 
 double of any vnfaythfulnefie or breache of frendefliyi)pe on my behalfe. Owre men gaue hym lyke frendly 
 woordes: and encouraged hym witli m.-.ny fayre promyffes to doo as he had fayde. When owre men were nowe 
 in a redyneffe to departe, they couenaunted with hym to jjaye yearely to the greate k) iige of Callyle a lumdreth 
 pounde weyghte of perles. He gladlye agreed to their reiiuefl, and tooke it for no great thyiig: nor yet thought 
 hym felfe any whitte the more to bccoonie tributarie. ^\■ith this kynge they founde fuche plentie of hartes and 
 Connies, that owre men llondynge in their houfes myght kyll as manye as them lyRe with their arrowes. They 
 lyue heare ver)e pleafauntly, hauynge greate i)lentie of al thynges neceflary. This Ilande is fcarfely fy.xe 
 degrees diftant from the Mquinoctiall lyne. They haue the fame nianer of breade made of rootes and 
 the graine of Maiziiim, and w)ne made of feedes and fruites, euen as tliey haue in the region of Comoi^ra and 
 in other places afwell in the Ilandes as in the firnie lande. This kynge is nowe baptifed with all his familye 
 and fuliiectes. His defyre was at his ba[>tifme, to bee named JVtnis Arias after the name of the gouerncjur. 
 When owre men departed, he accomixmied them to the fea fyde and furnyflhed them with boates to relourne 
 to the continent. Owre men diuided the perles emonge them, referuyng the fyfte portion to be delyuered to 
 th[e]oftycers of the kynges Excheker in thofe partes. They faye that thefe perles were maruelous precious, 
 faire, oriente, and e.xceadynge bygge; In fo muche that they broughte manye with theym bygger then hafell 
 nuttes. Of what price and value they myghte bee, I confyder by one jierle the which /'(//////.v prcdiceffour to 
 yowre holines, bowght at the fecond hand of a marchant of Venece for foure and forty thoufande dm ates. Vet 
 emonge thofe whiche were brought from this Ilande, there was one bought euen in Danena for a thoufande and 
 two hundretli Caflelans of golde. This was almofl as bygge as a meane walnutte: And came at the length to 
 the handes of Pctnis Arias the gouernoure, who gaue it to that nobie anil faithefuU woman his wyfe, of w hofe 
 maner of departure with her hufbande, wee haue made mention before. Wee niufle then needes thinke that 
 this was verye precious wi.i '' was bowght fo dearc emonge fuche a multitude of perles where they were not 
 bought by one at once, but by poundes and at the leafl by ounces. It is alfo to be thought that the Venecian 
 marchaunte boughte his for no great fum of mony in the Eall parts. But he fould it the dearer for that he 
 chaunced to lyue in thofe lafciuious and wanton dayes when men were gyuen to fuche nyfe and fuperfluous 
 pleafures, and mette with ,1 marchaunt for his purpofe. But letle vs nowe f[)eake fumwhat of the Ihelfyfflies in 
 the whiche perles are engendered. It is not vnknowen to yowre holyneffe, that .\rillutell, and Plinie his 
 folower, were of dyuers opinions as concernynge the generation of perics. But thefe Indians and owre men, 
 refl onc'ly in one alTertion, not alTentyng to them in any other: as eyther that they wander in the fea, or that 
 they moue at anye tyme after they are borne. 'I'liey wyll therfore that there bee certayne greene places as it 
 were medowes in the bottome of the fea, bryr.gynge foorthe an herbe muche lyke vnto thyme, and atfyrme that 
 they haue feene the fame: And that they are v' gendered, noryflhed, and growe therin, as wee fee th[e]increafe 
 and fucceffioii of oyfter; to growo ;iboute them felues. Alfo that thefe fyflhes delyteth not in the conuerfation 
 or coompanye of the f.\. dogges : N'ur yet to bee cont^'nted with onely one, twoo, or three, or at the imlle 
 fo'u'e pearles: .\'Tynnyng that in the fyflhyngi; pl.ices of the kynge of this Ilande, there ••-.s founde a hundrcth 
 pearles in one fjihe, the whiche Gafpar ^ [oralis \\\ti capitayne hym felfe, and his coompanions, diligently 
 numbered. For it ple.ifed the kynge at their beynge there and in their prefence, to commaunil his diuers to 
 go a fyffliynge for tho;'- kynde of fyflhes. They compare the matrices of thefe fyflhes, to the jjlaccs of concep- 
 tion in hennes, in the whiche their eg;,es are engcndereil in great multitudes and chillers: .And beleue that 
 thefe fyflhes brynge fcorth their byrili in lyke maner. Eor the better prufe wherof, ihey faye that they founde 
 certaine pearles coommynge foorthe of their matreces, as beynge nowe coome to the tyme of their full rypencffe, 
 and moued by nature to coome owte of their moothers wombe openynge it felfe in tyme conuenient. Lykewife 
 that within a while after, they fawc other fuccede in lyke maner. So that to conclude, they sawc fum coom- 
 mynge foorthe, and other fumme yet abydinge the l)nie of their perfection: whiche beyiig complete, they 
 alfo became loofe and opeiiei' the matrice. They pernaued the pearles to bee inclofed in the myddell of 
 their bellies, 'here to be norillhed and increafe a'; :w infame fuckynge his moothers pappes within lur wombe, 
 
 ■71) 
 
 wounlcs. 
 
 Ilandes rych in 
 
 C [hundred) 
 pnnnde wcyght nl 
 perles ycrely for 
 ■A tribute. 
 J'lentie of h.irtes 
 and cuuiiics. 
 
 jl41 
 
 Wyiie uf frutes 
 and SL-flcs 
 ' Tilt; kynge is 
 Lai.tisci. 
 
 I 
 
 j The fyft p:trt of 
 
 tiurle-i (tin; lo tlic 
 iynge. 
 
 livK pcrk'S. 
 
 A iktIc fur a pope. 
 
 An otlicr injilu' of 
 great pri'C. 
 
 NKc ;u)[| 
 
 SnpLTtltluUS 
 
 plctsiir-jv 
 
 Dyuers (-ipini"n<; nf 
 (lie m-iicr.itioii of 
 pcirlirs. 
 
 Herhcs in the 
 
 , Ij.tttuiuc iif the sc;i 
 
 A liiuulrelli p-.-rlcs 
 ill one shfit fysilie 
 
 The matrice i)f th< 
 pcrle fysshc. 
 
 Il.e hyrth r.f 
 pcrlc!). 
 
 ; 
 
 
 
 ■5' I m 
 
 V 
 

 l! 
 
 P f 
 
 : i ! 
 
 ;t 
 
 180 
 
 T//e thyrde Decade. 
 
 142 
 
 Wlicre the 
 
 byti^cst, menne, 
 and least pearlcs 
 are cngetidred 
 
 Sc.i craljbcs 
 
 The sea muscles 
 wherein perles are 
 eiigenJreil. 
 
 The regions i if the 
 Kast ^yde iif tile 
 goulfe uf Vraba. 
 
 The region uf 
 Curibana. 
 The original of 
 the Caiiibales. 
 
 The vyiagcs of 
 Caribana. 
 
 Maiituinters, 
 
 143 
 
 Uookes. 
 Loke in the 
 begvniiyng of ihc 
 houke ofthcUiuld 
 Utcly fouDdtr. 
 
 before hee moue to coonie foorthe of her piiiiye places. And if it chaunce any of thefe fliclfyfflies to be founde 
 fcatered in the fandc of the fea (as I my felfe haue fecne oyllers difpartled on the fliores in diuers places of the 
 Ocean) they affyrme that they haue byn violently dryuen thither from the bottome of the fea by force of 
 tempeftes, and not to haue wandered thither of them felues. But, that they becoome white by the clearenefle 
 of the mornynge dewc, or waxe yelowe in trouhleil wether, or otlicrwyfe that they fceme to reioyce in faire 
 wether and i.leare ayer, or contrary wyfe to bee as it were allonifflied and dymme in thunder and tem- 
 l)e(les, with fuche other, the perfecte knowledge hereof is not to bee looked for at the handes of thefe 
 vnlearned men whiche handell the matter but groffely, and enquire no further then occafyon ferueth. Yet do 
 they afiyrme by th[e]experience and induftrie of the dyiiers, that the greateft pearles lye in the deepefl. places, 
 they of the meane forte h)gh( •, and the leall liygheR of all and nearer to the brymme of the water. And faye 
 therfore that the greatell do not wander: but that they are created, nouryfllied, and increafe in the deepefl 
 places of the fea, whether fewe, dyuers, and that but feeldome dare aduenture to diue fo deepe to gather them, 
 afwel for feare of the fea crabbes whiche waniler emonge thefe perle fyflies to feede of them, and for feare of 
 other monflers of the fea, as alfo lefle their brethe fluild fayle them into long remayninge in the water. And 
 this they faye to bee the caufe why the owldeft and therfore byggefl fea mufcles, inhab)'te the de';pe(l places 
 from whenfe they are not lyghtly moued by tempeftes. Furthermore, howe muche the bygger and .ilder thefe 
 fyflies are, they lay that in their larger matrices, the greater number and bygger pearles are founde: And that 
 for this caufe, there are fewer founde of the byggeft forte. They thyncke alfo, that when they fyrfte faule from 
 their fjfllies in the deepe i)laces. they are deuoured of other fyflhes, bycaufe they are not yet harde. Ageyne, 
 the fmaulefl differ from the bxggefl in a certayne Avellynge or impofturaation whiche the Spaniardes caule a 
 tympanc. For they denye that to be a pearle which in oulde mufcles cleaueth fixft to the fliel : But that it is a 
 warte, whiche beynge rafed from the fliell with a fyle, is rounde and bryght but onely of one f)de, and not 
 precious, be\nge rather of the nature of the fyflie it felfe, then of a pearle. They confefle that they haue feene 
 certayne of thefe mufcles cleauynge on rockes: Yet thefe but fewe, and nothynge woorthe. It is alf<^ to liee 
 thought that the pearle fyflhes or fea mufcles whiche are founde in India, Arable, the redde fea, o'- 'r^probi'-i;,., 
 are ruled in fuche order as the afore named famous autours haue written. For their opinion herein is iv. .t ■ tenv 
 to bee reiected, forafmuche as they were learned men and trauayled longe in the ferchynge of thef; tliynges. 
 But wee haue nowe fjjoken fuftyciently of tiiefe fea fyflhes and of their egges which the fonde nyfe.iea ana 
 wantonnefl'e of men haue made dearer then the egges of hennes or geefe. Lette vs therfore entreate fimiwhat 
 of other jxirticular thynges whiche are coome to owre knowledge of late. We haue elles where largely defcribed 
 the mouthes of the goulfe of Vraba, witii fundiye and variable regions diuided with the manyfolde goulfes of 
 that fea. But as concernynge the Well coaftes in the whiche owre men haue buylded houfes and planted their 
 habitations on the bankes of Dariena, I haue no newe matter to write. Yet as touching the Eaft partes of the 
 goulfe, I haue learned as foloweth. They faye that the vnyuerfal lande of the Eaft region of the goulfe from 
 the corner therof farre reachynge into the fea, and from the extreame or vtter mofte mouthe of the fame 
 receauynge the waters of the fea whiche faule into it, euen vnto Os Draconis and Paria, is by one generall name 
 cauled Caribana, of the Caribis or Canibales whiche are founde in euery reg) on in this tracte. But from whenfe 
 they had their particular original), and howe leauynge their natiue foyle, they haue fpredde their generation fo 
 farre lyke a peftiferous contagior. we wyll nowe declare. Therfore from the fyrfte fronte reachynge foorth into 
 the fea (in whofe tracte we faid tlr Fogcda faftened his foote) toward the corner, about n)ne myles diftant, 
 there lyeth a vyllage of Caribana named Futeraca. Three myles diftant from this, is the vyllage of Vraba, of the 
 whiche it is thoughte that the hole goulfe tooke his name, bycaufe this vyllage was once the heade of the 
 kyngcdome. Aboute fyxe myles from this, is Fdi. Nyne myles from Fell, is Zcrema : And about twelue mjies 
 from this, Sorache. Owre men founde all thefe vyllages full of ))eople, all the whiche t^yue them felues onely to 
 manhuntynge. In fo muche that if they lacke enemyes ageynft whom they maye keepe varrc, they e.xceriie 
 crueltie ageynft them felues, and e)ther lleye one the other, or elles dryue the van(iu)fnied to ll)'ghte. Whereby 
 it is apparante that by thefe the'r continuall warres, and dryuynge the one the other owte of their countreif, 
 this infection hath gonne fo (iirre not onelye on the fyrme lande, but alfo into the Ilandes. I was alfo aduertifed 
 of an other thynge the whiche to my iudgement, feemeth woorthye to bee putte in memorye. 
 
 One Corrales a iudge in caufes of lawe anionge the Spanyardes of Dariena, liiyth that on a tyme walkyng 
 abrode with his booke in his hande. he met by the wave witii a fiigityue which had fledde from the great landes 
 lyinge farre toward the welle, and remayned here « ith a K)nge wyth whom he was enterte)ned. When this 
 man perceaued the lawier lookynge on his booke, marueylynge thereat, he came runninge vnto him, and by 
 interpretours of the kynge whom he ferued, fpake thus vnto him; Haue y rve alfo bookes wherin yowe may 
 referue thynges in per|)etual memorye? And letters wherby yowe maye declare yowre myndc to fu;he as are 
 al(fent? Ami herewith defyred that the booke n.ight bee opened vnto hym, fujipofyng that he fliulde therein 
 haue founde the letters of his owne countrey. Hut when he fawe theim vnljke, he fayde further that in his 
 180 
 

 The tliyrde Decade. 
 
 i8i 
 
 countrey there were cities fortified with waiiles and gouerned by lawcs : and that the people alfo vfed apparell. 
 But of what rehgion they were, I dyd not '-.arne. Yet had owre men knowlcage both by the woordes and 
 
 fignes of this fugitiue, that they were ■ -'ffd. What nowe thinke yowe hereby (moll holy father) Or 
 
 what do yowe diuine may come hereof when tynie fliall fubdue al thefe vnder yowre throne? Let vs nowe 
 entcrmyngle cer^ ;ne fmaule thynges amonge thcfe great matters. I haiie not thought good to pretermitte that 
 which cliaunced to lohannes So/yjhis, who, to fearche the South f)de of the fuppofed continent, departed with 
 three fhippes from porte loppa (not farre diflante from the Ilandes of Gades or Cales in the Ocean) the fourth 
 day of the Ides of September in the yeare. M. D, xv. Or what fuccefle lohannes Pontius had, whom the newe 
 gouemour Pctnts Arias appoynted to vanquifh'; and deflroy the Caribes or Canibales, deuourers of mans fleflie. 
 Alfo to what ende the vyages of the other capitaynes came, whiche were fent foorth dyuers wayes at the fame 
 tyme: As Gonzalus Badaiocitis, Francifcus Bezerra, and Valleius. lohannes Soliciits tooke the matter in hande in 
 an euyll houre. He fayled beyonde the poynt of faynt Augufline, (which they caule Cabo. S. Aiigujlini) toward 
 the South fyde of the fuppofed continent beyonde the Equinoctiall lyne. For (as we haue fayde before) that 
 poynt reachetli Southwarde to the feuenth degree of the South pole cauled the Antartike. He proceaded in 
 that viage fyxc hundreth leagues : And founde the lande from the poynte to extende fo farre towarde the South 
 beyonde the Equinoctiall, that he came to the thirtie degree of the South pole. As he fayled thv.^ forwarde, 
 hauynge nowe on his backe halfe the flaixes named Caput Draconis, (that is, the dragons hcadc) and the regions 
 of Paria lyinge northwarde frome hym, and profpectynge towarde the pole Artyke, he chaunced to ' .ale into 
 the handes of the fylthye Canibales. For thefe craftie foxes feemed to make fignes of peace, when in theyr 
 mindes they conceaued a hope of a daintie banquet : And efpying their enemies a farre of, beganne to fwalowe 
 theyr fpettle as their mouthes watered for greedines of theyr pray. As vnhappye So/yjiiis defcended with as 
 many of his coompanie as coiilde enter into the boate of the byggcR fliippe, foodenly a great multytude of 
 th[e]inhabitantes burfle foorth vppon them, and fltv them euery man with clubbes, euen in the fyght of theyr 
 felowes. They caried away the boate, and in a moment broke it al to fytters. Not one man efcaped. Theyr 
 furye not thus fatiffied, they cutte the flayne men in pieces euen \ppon the fliore where theyr felowes might 
 beholde this horrible fpectacle from the fea. But they being llryken with feare through this exemple, durfl not 
 coome foorth of theyr fliyppos, or diuife howe to reuenge the death of theyr Cai)itaine and coompanyons. They 
 ileparted therefore from thefe \nfortunate coafles; And by the waye ladynge theyr fliippes with brafell returned 
 home ageyne with loffe and heauie chere. Of thefe thynges I was aduertyfed of late by theyr owne letters. 
 What they haue els doone, 1 llial haue more particular knowleage hereafter. lohannes Pontius was alfo repulfed 
 by the Canibales in tlie Ilantle of Guadalupea beinge one of the chiefe Ilandes of theyr habitacion. For when 
 they (awe owre men a farre of on the fea, they ley in ambuflie foodenly to inuade them when they fhulde 
 coome alande. Owre men fent foorth a fewe foote men and with them theyr iaundreffcs to wafflie the}r 
 flitrtes and flieetes. For from the Ilande of Fcrrea beinge one of the Ilandes of Canarie (euen vnto 
 this Ilande, for the fpace of foure thoufonde and twoo hundreth myles) they had feene no lande where 
 they myght fynde any frefflie water : for as muche as in all this large fpace, the Ocean is without Ilandes. 
 At theyr commynge therfore to lande, the Canibales affayled thein, caried awaye the women, and put 
 the men to fuche dilIre(Te that fewe of them efcaped. By reafon wherof, Pontius being greately difcomfited, 
 durfte not inuade the Canibale.s, fearynge theyr vcnemed arrowes which thcfe naked manhunters can direct moll 
 ccrtenly. Thus good Pontius faylyng of his purpofe, was feyne to gyue ouer the Canibales, whoine (beinge fafe 
 ami \ iider the houfe roufe) he threatened to vanqu) Ihe and dellroy. Whether he went from thenfe, or what newe 
 thynges he founde, I haue as } et no further knowleage. By thefe myffortunes, Solyfius lofle his lyfe, and Pontius 
 his honour. Let vs nowe fpeake of an other whofc enterpryfe came to lyke purpofe the fame yeare. lohannes 
 Aioia borne in the citie of Corduba, a man of noble parentage, fent in fleade of the Lieuetenaunt (as we haue 
 fayde) more couetous of golde then careful! of his charge or defyrous of prayfe for well deferuynge, fought 
 '^ccafion' of ([uerelynge ageynfl the kynges and fpoyletl man}', violently extortynge golde of them ageynft ryght 
 and equitie: .\nd fiirther handeled them fo extremely, that of frendes they became moll cruel enemies: In fo 
 much that they ceafed not with defperat myiules by all meanes they coulde to flcy owre men openly or priuilye. 
 By reafon wherof it is coome to palVe, that where before they bartered cjuyell)- exchanginge ware for ware, they 
 are nowe fayne to doo all th) nges by force of amies. When he had thus exacted a great cjuantitie of gokU- of 
 them (as it is (liyd) he fledde priuilie and tooke away a fliyppe with him by tlelth as the common nimoiire 
 goeth: Nor yet hetherto haue we hard whyther he went or where he is anyued. Sum fufpect that Petius 
 Arias the gouemour flnilde confente to his departure bycaufe this Johannes Aiora is brother to GonJ'alus Aiora 
 the kynges hi(loriograi)her, a man booth lerned, and expert in the difcipline of warre: and fo much the 
 gouernours frend, that thefe two amonge a fewe, may be counted exemples of rare amitie. I my felfe alfo am 
 greately bounde vnto theym bothe anil haue longe enioyed theyr frendefliippe. Yet flial I defjre them bothe 
 to pardone mc in declarvnge niv nhantafie herein, that in all the turmoyles and tragicall atlayres of the Ocean, 
 
 1^1 1 iSi 
 
 L'irciimtisctl 
 pcopi-. 
 
 What ch.Tunccil to 
 the Capit.iiiie^ 
 whiche the 
 
 5ouernour sent 
 yuers wayes. 
 Looke decade ui. 
 Uber. VL 
 
 The vyage of 
 luhjnnes So!ibiiis. 
 Oi/. .5". Augustint 
 
 Idhn Solysiii,^ IS 
 slaine nf the 
 Canibales. 
 The fiercenes nf 
 the Canibales. 
 
 Brascll. 
 
 lohannes Piintius 
 is repulsed Ijy the 
 Canibales. 
 
 144 
 
 I rhr vyape of 
 [ohniitics Aiora. 
 
 I I.ookc decade iii 
 !il)«r. vi. 
 
 li(.'h.ni'nir of lolii 
 Atom. 
 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 \ \ 
 
 1: W 
 
 ill' 
 
 N 
 
T 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 , 
 
 11. 
 
 i! 
 
 if 
 
 I' 
 
 M 
 
 182 
 
 The variuhlu ■ 
 
 fortune ' I 
 
 of (joiisalus 
 Uadaiociu^, 
 
 Cerabaro. Decade, 
 iii. li[b]. iiii 1 
 
 The South sea- 
 
 A leaque 
 conteyneth fuure 
 myles by sea and 
 but three by lande. 
 The golden region 
 of Coiba Dytcs. 
 
 Sandc iiiyxte with 
 guide. I 
 
 I 
 
 Howe theyr i 
 
 !tlauc5 are marked 
 in the face. 
 
 145 
 
 Golde. 
 
 A frutcful region 
 left desolate l)y 
 ciuile discorde. 
 
 Kyngc Pcriquetc. 
 
 y. Mkkael. 
 Kyngc Totoiioga. 
 
 Six thousand 
 Castellans of 
 
 golde. 
 
 Kyng Taracuni. 
 
 viii. thousand 
 pesos of gold 
 Kynge Pananuiue 
 
 Kyng Tabor. 
 Kynge Cheiu. 
 tiii. thmis.indc 
 pesos of guld 
 Salle. 
 
 Kyng Anata. 
 Kv. thousande 
 pc' IIS of gold 
 
 Thcyr tnancr of 
 warrc. 
 
 T/ie tliynie Decade. 
 
 nothynge hath fo muche difplcafed me as the couetoufnes of this man who hath fo didurbed the pacified myndcs 
 of the kynges. Nowe emonge thefe troubelous cliaunccs, let vs rehcarfc the variable fortime of Gonfalus 
 Bcniaiociiis and r.is felowes, whoP.- profperous begynnynges, ended with vnfortunate fuccefle. Gonfalus therfore 
 in the moneih of May in the yeare of Chrille M. D. xv. departed from Daricna with fourefcore armed men, 
 directynge liis \yage towarde the Sonthe, and rellynge in no place vntyll he came to the region of Cerabaro 
 which owre men named Gratia Dei, diflant from Daricna about a hundreth and fourefcore myles : for tiiey 
 caule it threefcore leaques. He fpente ccrteyne dayes here in Idelnefle: for he coulde neyther by fayre 
 meanes nor by foule, allure the kynge of the regyon to coome to Iiym. AVhile he laye thus idell) , there came to 
 hym other fyftie men fente (comeDariena vnderthe goiiernaunceof capytayneZfK/tJw/V/w ATercado who departed from 
 Daricna in the calendes of Maye, to th[e]intent to fearch th[e]inner partes of thofe regyons. When they niette 
 together, they determyned after confultation, to paffe ouer the montaynes lyinge towarde the Southe, euen vnto 
 the Southe fea latclye founde. Beholde nowe a wonderfull thynge ; That in a lande of fuche niaruelous longi- 
 tude in other places, they founde it here to bee onely aboute fyftie myles diflant to the Southe fea: for they 
 counte it. xvii. leacjues. as the maner of the Spanyardes is to reken, and not by myles. Yet faye they that a 
 leaque confyfleth of three myles by lande and foure by fea as wee haue noted before. In the toppes of the 
 mountaynes and turnynge of the waters, they founde a kynge named luana, whofe kyngedome is alfo named 
 Coilui as is the regyon of kynge Carcta, of whome we haue made mention elles where. But for as muche as 
 the regyon of this luana, is rycher in golde, they named it Coiba Ditcs, that is, Coiba the rych. For, wherfo- 
 euer they dygged the grounde, whether it were on the drye lande or in the weate chanelles of the ryuers, they 
 founde the fahde whiche they cafle foorthe, myxte with golde. luana fledde at the coommynge of owre men, 
 and coulde neuer bee brought rgeyne. They fpoyled all the countrey neare aboute his palayce. Yet had they 
 but lyttle golde; for iiee had • myed all his fluffe with hym. Here they founde certeyne flaues marked in the 
 faces after a flraunge forte. 1 . ■• ■ ' (harpe pr)cke made eyther of bone, or elles with a thorne, they make 
 holes in their faces: and foori.n inkclynge a pov^'^r thei-on they moifle the pounced place with a 
 
 certeyne blacke or redde iuife, who llaunce is of fuche tenacitie and clamminefTe, that it wyll neuer weare 
 
 awaye. They brought tliefe flaues awu) with them. They faye that this iuife is of fuch fliarpnelTe and putteth 
 them to fuche payne, that for cxtreeme doloure they haue no flomacke to their nieate certainc dayes after. The 
 kynges whiche take thefe flaues in their warres, vfe their helpe in feekynge for golde and in tyllage of the 
 grounde, euen as do owre men. From the jwUaice of luana, folowynge the courfe of the water aboute tenne 
 myles towarde the Southe, they entered into the dominion of an other kjnge, whome owre men named the 
 Guide man, bycaufe hee was oulde, not paffynge of his other name. In the regyon of this kynge alfo, they 
 founde golde in all places bothe on the lande and in the ryuers. This region is verye fayre and frutefuU: and 
 hath in it many famous ryuers. Departynge from henfe, in fyue dayes iorneye they came to a lande lefte 
 defolate. They fuppofe that this was deflroyed by ciuile difcorde for as muche as it is for the moofle parte 
 fruiteful, and yet not inhabited. The fyfth daye, they fawe two men commynge a farre of. Thefe were laden 
 with breade of Maizium, whiche they caryed on their fliulders in fackes. Owre men tooke them : and vnder- 
 floode by them that there were twoo kynges in that tracte : The one was named Pcriqucte, whoe dwelte neare 
 vnto the fea. The others name was Totono:;a. This Totono;^a, was blynde and dwelte in the continent. 'l"he 
 twoo men whiche they mette, were the fyffliers of Totom\i;a, whome he had fente with certayne fardelles of 
 fyflie to Pcriqucte, and had agejne receaued breade of hym for exchaunge. For thus do they communicate 
 their commodities one with an other by exchaunge, without th[e]ufe of wycked money. By the conductinge of 
 thefe twoo men, they came to kynge lofonoga dwellynge on the \\'efle fyde of fayncte Miihaelles goulfe in the 
 Southe fea. They had of this kynge, the fum of fyxe thoufande Cadellans of golde bothe rude and artifycially 
 wrought. Emonge thofe groumes of rude or natyue golde, there was one founde of the weyghte of two 
 Cafle".:iiis, whiche argued the plentifuU rycheneffe of the ground. Folowing the fame coaftes by the fea fyde 
 toward tiie Weft, they came to a kynge whofe name was Taracuru, of whome they had golde amountynge to 
 the weyght of eight thoufand Pcfos. Wee haue fayde before that Pefus is the weyghte of a Caftelane not 
 coyned. Fn m henfe they wente to the dominion of this kynges brother named Pananome, who fledde at their 
 commynge, and appered no more afterwarde. They faye that his kjngdome is ryche in golde. They fpoyled 
 his pallaice in his abfcnce. Syxe leaques from henfe, they came to an other kyng named Tabor. From thenfe 
 they came to the kyng of C/tcru. He frendly enterteyned owre men, and gaue them foure thoudinde Pcfos of 
 golde. Ilehathein his dominion many goodly falte bayes: the region alfo aboundeth with golde. About 
 twelue myles from henfe, they came to another kyng cauled Anata, of whome they had. .■'v thoufande Ptfos of 
 golde whiche he had gotten of the kinges his bortherers whom he had vanquifllied by warre. A great part of 
 this golde was in rude forme bycaufe it was molten when he fet the kynges houfes on fyer whom he fpoyled. 
 For they robbe and fley the one the other, fackynge and fyryng their villages, and wnftinge their countreys. 
 I'hey keejie warre barbaroully and to vtter deftruction, executinge cxtreeme crueltie ageinft them that haue 
 
 
 m 
 
 h ' 
 
The thyyde Decade. 
 
 183 
 
 the ouerthrowe. Gonfalus Badaiocius with his felowes, wandered at lybcrtie vntyll they came to this kyng : 
 And had gathered great heapes of gold of other kinges. For, what in braflettes, collcrs, earinges, brefle plates, 
 helmettes, and certeine barres wherwith women beare vppe their breftes, they l.ail gathered together in gold 
 the fum of fourefcore ttioufande Cadellans, whiche they had obteyned partly by exchaunge for owre thinges 
 where they founde the kinges their frendes, and othcnvifc by forceible moanes wlicre they founde the contrary. 
 They had gotten alfo forty (lanes whofe heipe they vfed Ijoth for cariaj,e of their vitailes and bagagies 
 in the fleade of moiles or other beafles of burde.i, and alfo to relieue fuche as were fycke and forweried 
 by reafon of their longe iorneys and hunger. .After thefe profperous viagcs, they came by the dominion 
 of kynge Scoria, to the palaice of a kynge named Pariza: where (fearyng no fuch thing) Pariza enclofed 
 them with a great armye, and alUiyled them (Iraggelyng and vnwares, in fuche forte that they had no 
 leafure to put on their arniure. He flewe and wounded about fyftie, and put the refydue to flyght. They 
 made fuche haft, that they had no refpect eyther to the gold they had gathered, or to their flaues ; but 
 lefte all behynde them. Thofe fewe that efcaped, came to Dariaia. The opinion of all wyfe men as 
 concemynge the vaiyable and inccnftant chaunces of fortune in humane thinges, were falfe, if al thinges 
 fhuld haue happened vnto them profperoufly. For fuch is the nature of this blynde goddefie, that flie 
 oftentimes delyteth in the ouerthrowe of them whom fhe hath exalted: and taketh plefure in confounding hygh 
 thinges with lowe, and the contrary. Wee fee tliis order to bee inipermutable, that who foo wyll applye liyni 
 felfe to gather rootes, fliall fumtymes nicete with fweete lyquerefle, and other whiles with foure cockle. Yet wo 
 vnto Pariza : for he fliall not longe lleape in reft. The gouernour him felfe was of late determined with three 
 hundreth and fyftie choife fouldiers to reuenge the death of owt men : But where as he by chaunce fell fycke, 
 his poure went forward vnder the conducting of his Lieuetenant Gafpar Spiiiofa, a ludge in cafes of lawe in 
 Darieiia. At the fame time other were fent foorth to the Ilande oi Ditcs to exacte the portion of pearles lymited 
 to the king for his tribute. What flial fuccetle, tyme will bring to owre knowleage. The other two, attempted 
 th[e]inhabitantes beyonde the goulfe, Fraucifcus Bczerra paflyng ouer by the corner of the goulfe and the 
 mouthes of the r)uer oi Dabaiha, with two other capitaines and a hundreth and fyftie fouldiers well appointed. 
 went to make warre vppon the Canibales euen in Caribana their owne chiefeft dominion, toward the vyllage of 
 Turii/y, wherof we haue made mention before in the comming oi Fogida. They brought alfo with them diuers 
 engens of warre: as three pieces of ordinaunce whofe fliot were bygger then egges: I.ikewife forty archers, and. 
 XXV. hagbutters to th[e]intent to reache the Canib les a farre of, and to preuent their venemed arrowes. But 
 what became of hym and his company, or where they arriued, we haue yet no parfecte knowleage. Certaine 
 which came of late from Daricna to Spaine, reported that at their departure, they n(Dariiiia ftode in great feare 
 leaft they alfo were toffed with fum mi ffortune. The other capitaine VaiMiis, obteyned the fore parte of the 
 goulfe. But he paffed ouer by an other waye then dyd Bczerra. For he tooke the beginning of Caribana, and 
 Bczerra the ende. lai/eiiis returned ageine. But of the three fcore and ten men whiche he conueighed ouer 
 with hym, hee lefte fortye and eyght (laine emonge the Canibales. Tiiefe are the newes whiche they bringe 
 that came lafte from Daricna. 
 
 There came to me the day before the Ides of October in this yeare. M. D. xvi. Roderictis Cclmenarcs (of 
 whom we haue made mention before) and one Francifciis Delapueitte. This Frandfeus, was one of the vnder 
 capitaines of this bande, whofe chiefe capitaine was Gonfalus Badaiocius who hardly efcaped the handes of 
 kyng Pariza. Thefe twoo capitaines tlii rfore, Rodericus and Francifcus who departed from Daricna immediatly 
 after the miffortune whiche befell to Badaiocius and his companye, do both aftirme, the one that he hath harde, 
 the other that he hath feene, that in the Southe fea there are diuers Ilandes lying weftwarde from the Hand of 
 Dites and faincte Michaels goulfe, in many of the which are trees engendred and noiuifflied which bring foorth 
 the fame aromaticall fruites, as doth the region of Collocutea. This lande of Colloeuiea, with the regions of 
 Cochinus and Camemorus, are the chief'.' marte places from whenfe the Portugales haue their fpices. And hereby 
 do they coniecture that the land where the frutfulnelTe of fpyce begynneth, fliulde not be farre from thenfe. In 
 fo much that many of ineni w hiche haue ouemmne thofe coaftes, do onely defyre that Icaue may be graunted 
 them to fearche further, and that they wil of their owne charges frame and furniflie Ihippes and aduenture the 
 viage to fearche thofe Ilandes and regions. They thinke it beft that thefe ftiippes fluilde bee made and prepared, 
 euen in faincte Michaels goulfe: And not to attempte this vyage by frinte Auguftines [Joint, which waye were 
 both longe and diffyculte, and ful of a thoufande daunger.s, and is faide to reache beyonde the forty degree of 
 the pole Antartike. The fame Francifcus, being partener of the trauailes and daungiers of Gonfalus, faithe 
 that in ouer runninge thofe landes, he founde great heardes of hartes and wylde bores : and that he toke many 
 of them by an arte which th[e]inhabitauntes taught him : w hiche was to make pittes or trenches in their walkes, 
 and to couer the fame with bouwes. By this meanes alfo they deceaue al other kindcs of wild and foure footed 
 beaftes. But they take foules after the fame maner that we do: As ftocke doues with an otiier tame ftocke doue 
 brought vp in their lioufes. Thefe they tye by a ftrynge, and fuffer them to flye a lyttle emong the trees. To 
 
 •Si 
 
 FourMCore 
 
 thousand 
 I Castellans of 
 I golde. 
 
 i Kyng Scoria. 
 I Kyng Pariza. 
 j (ionsalus 
 
 H.idaiocius hath 
 I the ouerthrow and 
 I is snoyletl of Kfe.il 
 
 rycne«of goUe. 
 
 146 
 
 The Inconslancie 
 of fortune. 
 
 The expedition of 
 Kraunccs Ilc/arr.i 
 ageyn-^t the 
 Canibales. 
 
 Gttnnes. 
 
 Valeiiis repulsed 
 of the Canibales. 
 
 The Ihandes of the 
 south SC.1. 
 In this sea Iy[e] 
 ihe ILandes of 
 Molucca, most 
 frutefull of spices. 
 ColhcHtea. 
 Cochinus and 
 Camemorus, from 
 whense the 
 Portugales h.iue 
 theyr spyces. 
 
 He meatieth by 
 the streight of 
 Magellauus. 
 
 Howe they taVe 
 hartes and wylde 
 bores. 
 
 Stocke doucK 
 
 ill 
 
 ilii 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 li 
 
fu 
 
 1': 
 
 f ft 
 
 l!'.:l 
 
 illi 
 
 I 
 
 iiii 
 
 184 
 
 147 
 
 Theyr maner of 
 
 rmlynge. 
 
 i'opingiaves are 
 cisely t;iKen. 
 
 A sir;iuiige kyiule 
 of foulynge. 
 
 Fysslies and 
 
 wonues 
 
 engendered of 
 
 slime 
 
 I'^oules. 
 
 (luurdes of the 
 
 tree. 
 
 Later opinions of 
 the swift course 
 <»f the Ocean 
 tiiwarde the West. 
 
 I he continent or 
 
 1 >e land. 
 
 148 
 
 The vyages nf 
 iJiegns Colouus. 
 
 The vyace from 
 the new l.uulcs to 
 iipavnc. 
 
 The thynie Decade. 
 
 the which as otlier birdes of their kind refort, they kil them with their arrowes. Otherwyfc they take them with 
 nettes in a bare place pourged from trees and buflies: and fcaterjng certeyne fecdes rounde about that place, in 
 the myddefte whereof they tye a tame foulc or byrde of the kynde of them whiche they ctefyrc to take. In lyke 
 maner do they take pojjinLjiayes and other foiiles. But they fay that jiopiiigiayes are fo fimple, that a great 
 multitude of them wyll five euen into the tree in whofe bouwes the fouler fytteth : and fwarnie about the tame 
 chatterj'nge popingiaye, fuffer; !-:ge them felues to bee eafely taken. For they are fo without feare of the fyght 
 of the fouler, that they tar;, whyle he cail the fnare about theyr neckes, the other beinge noth\nge feared hereby, 
 thoughe they fee hym drawe them to him with the fnare, and put them in the bagge which he hath about hym 
 for the fame purpofe. There is an other kynde of foulynge, heretofore neuer harde of, and pleafaunt to confyder. 
 ^Ve iiaue declared before howe that 'n certeyne of the Ilandes, and efpecially in Hifpaniola, there are dyuers 
 lakes or flandynge pooles. In fume of thefe 'beinge no deaner then men may wade ouer them) are feene great 
 raultytudes of water foules : as wel for that in the bottome of thefe lakes, there growe many herbes and weedes, 
 as alfo that by reafon of the heate of the Ibnne pearceinge to the naturall jilace of generation and corruption, where 
 beinge doubled in force by reflection and preferued by moyfler, there are engendered of the flymines of the 
 earth and water, and by the prouidence of the vniuerfall creator, innumerable lyttle fyfflies, with a thoufande 
 fundry kyndes of froggcs, wormes, knattes, flyes and fuch other. The foules which vfe thefe lakes, are of dyuers 
 kyndes; As duckes, geefe, fwannes, feemewes, guiles, and fuch other. We haue fayde alfo that in theyi 
 orchardes they norylhe a tree which bearelh a kynde of greate gourdes. Of thefe gourdes therefore well 
 flopped leafle any water fliulde enter in at theyr ryftes and caufe them to fmke, they cafl many in the fhalowe 
 pooles : where, by theyr continuall wanderynge and wauerynge with the motions of the wynde and water, they 
 put the foules owte of fufpection and feare. The fouler in the meane tyme, difguyfmge hym felfe as it were with 
 a vifour, putteth a great gourde on his head much lyke to a helmet, with two holes neare about his eyes, his 
 face and hole heade befyde beinge couered therwith. And thus entereth he into the poole euen vnto the chynne. 
 For beinge from theyr infancie e.xcercifed in fwymmynge and accuflomed to the waters, they refufe not to 
 continue therein a longe fpace. The foules thynkynge this gourde to be one of the other that fwymme vppon 
 the water, the fouler goeth foftly to the place whcr he feeth the greatefl flocke of foules: And with waggynge 
 his heade, counterfectinge tiie mouing of the wauer)'nge gourdes, drawethe nere to the foules: where foftely 
 puttynge foorth his ryght hande, he foodenly fnatcheth one by the legges and plungeth her into the water where 
 he putteth her into a baggr whiche he hath with hym of purpofe The other foules fuppofmge that this dyued 
 into the water of her owiie moticii to feke for foode (as is their maner) are nothyng moued hereby, but go 
 forwarde on their waj-e as before, vntyll they alfo faule into the fame fnare. I haue here for this caufe entered 
 into the declaration of theyr maner of huntynge and foulynge, that by thefe more pleafaunt narrations I may 
 fumwhat mytigate and affwage the horrour conceaued in yowre flomake by the former rehearfall of theyr bluddy 
 actes and cruell maners. Lette vs nowe therfore fpeake fumwhat ageyne of the newe and later opinions as 
 concernynge the fwyfte courfe of the fea towarde the wefl about the coafles of Paria : alfo of the maner of 
 gathering of golde in the golde myne of Darieiia, as 1 was aduertifed of late. And with thefe two quyet and 
 peaceable thynges, we wyl make an ende of the tragical affayres of the Ocean : and therwith byd yowre holynes 
 fare wel. So it is therfore, that Andreas Mom/is the pylot, and Oiiiedus (of whom we haue made mention 
 before) repayred to me, at my houfe in the towne of Matrite, As we met thus togyther, there arofe a contention 
 betwene them two, as concernynge this courfe of the Ocean. They both agree that thefe landes and regions 
 perteynynge to the dominion of Cal\ile, doo with one continuall tract and perpetuall bonde, embrafe as one hole 
 firme lande and continent al the mayne lande lyinge on the north f)de oi Culm and the other Ilandes, beinge alfo 
 northwefl both from Cuba and Hifpaiiiola. Yet as touchynge the courfe of the water, they varie in opinion. 
 For Andreas, wyll that this vyolent courfe of water bee receaued in the lappe of the fuppofed continente 
 which bendeth fo much and extendeth fo farre towarde the North, as we haue faid : And th.nt by the obiect or 
 refiflance of the lande fo bendynge and crookynge, the water fliulde as it were rebounde in coomiiaffe, and by 
 force therof be dryuen about the north fyde of Cuba and the other Il.Tndes excluded without the circle cauled 
 Tropieiis Caneri, where the largenes of the fea maye receaie the waters faulynge frome the narowe (Ireames, 
 and therby reprefle that inordinate courfe, by reafon that the fea is there very large and great. I can compare 
 his meanynge to nothynge more aptely then to the fwjfte (Ireame commyng foorth ot a mylle and faulyng into 
 the myl poole. For in al fuche places where waters runne with a vyolent Aiule through narowe chanels, and 
 are then receaued in large pooles, they are foodenly difparcled and theyr violence broken ; So that wheras before 
 they feemed of fuch force as to ouerthrowe all thynges beinge in theyr waye, it can not then be perceaued 
 which way they runne. The Admiral him felfe Diegtis Coloinis, foune and heyre to Chrijlophorus Co/onus the 
 fyrft fynder of thefe landos (who had nowe in commyng and goinge, foure tymes parted throughe thefe feas) 
 beinge demaunded of me what he founde or perceaued in faylynge too and fro, anfwered that there was muche 
 ditlicultie in retnrnynge the fame way by the which they go. Uut wheras they fyrrt take the waye by the mayne 
 
 II , 
 
The tJiynie Decade. 
 
 185 
 
 fea towarde the \orth before they directe theyr courfc to Spayne, he faythe that in that tract, he felt the (hippe 
 fumtymes a lyttle dryuen backe by the contrary courfe of the water. Yet fuppofeth that this chaunceth onely 
 by the ordinaric flowynge and reflowynp'' of the fea: And the fame not to be enforced by the circumflection or 
 courfe of the water rcboundynge in coniiiaffe as we haiie fayde. Hut thinketh rather, tliat this mayne lande or 
 fuppofed continent, flnilde funiwhere bee open: And that the fayde open place, fhoulde bee as it were a gate, 
 cnterie, or flreyght, diuydyng the North partes of that lande from the South : by the which alfo, the Ocean 
 runn)Tige towarde the Weft, may by the rotation or impulfion of the heauens, bee dryuen about the hole earth. 
 Oiiiediis agreeth with Andreas Aforalis as touchynge tlie continuall adherence and clofenes of the fayde con- 
 tinente. Yet neyther that the waters fliulde fo beate ageynfl the bendynge backe of the Weft lande, or bee in 
 fuche forte repulfed and dryuen into the mayne fea. But faith that he hath diligently confydered, that the 
 waters ninne from the deepeft and myddeft of the maine fea, towarde the Weft. Alfo that faylinge ncre vnto tJie 
 fliore with fmaule \efielles, he founde the fame waters to returne ageine towarde the Eaft. So that in the fame 
 place, they runne together with contrary courfe, as we oftentimes fee the lyke to chaunce in riuers wher by the 
 obiecte of the bankcs, diuers whirlepooles and turnynges aryfe in the water. 15y reafon whercf, if any chaffe, 
 ftrawe, woodde, or any other thyng of lyght fubftance be cafte in any fuche places in ryuers, it folowe*h that al 
 fuch as nmne with the water in the myddeft of the chanell, procede well forwarde: liut fuche r.s faule into the 
 bendynge goulfes and indented margentes of the crooked bankes, are caryed ouerthwarte the chanell, and fo 
 wander about vntyll they meete with the ful and directe courfe of the ryuer. Thus haue we made yowe 
 partener of fuche thinges as they hauc i,'yuen vs, and writen their dyuers opinions. We wyll then gj'ue more 
 certeyne reafon, when more certeyne truth flialbe knowen. We muft in the mcane t)nie, leane to opinions 
 vntil the day coome appointed of god to /eueale this fecreate of nature, with the jierfecte knowleage of 
 the pointe of the pole ftarre. Hauyng fayd thus muche of the courfe of the Ocean, a bricfe declaration of 
 the golde mynes oi Dariena, fiiall clofe vppe owre Decades and make an ende of owre trauaylcs. Wee hTue 
 fayde, that nyne mjles diftante from Dariena, are the fydes of the hylles and the dr)-e playnes in the whiche 
 golde is gathered bothe on the drye lande, and alfo on the bankes and in the chanclles of ryuers. Therfore to 
 al fuch as are wyllyngc to gather golde, there is of ordinarie cuftome appointed to euery man by the furuoiers of 
 the mynes, a fijuare plotte of grounde conteyning twelue pafes, at the arbitriment of the choofer, fo that it bee 
 not grounde already occupied, or lefte of other. I'he portion of grounde beinge thus chofen (as it were 
 affygned of the augures to buylde a temi)ie) they inclofe their flaues within the fame, whofe helpe the Chriftians 
 vfe in tyllynge of their grounde and gatherynge of golde, as we haue faide. Thefe places appointed vnto them, 
 they keepe as longe or. them lyfte. And if they perceaue tookens of lyttle golde, they requyre an other plotte 
 of ground of twelue pafes to be afiigned them, leauyng the firft in commen. And this is th[e]order which the 
 Spaniardes inhabitinge Dariena obferue in j^atheryng of golde. I fuppofe alfo that they vfe the lyke order in 
 other places: How be it, I haue not yet enquired fo farre. It hath byn proued that thefe twelue pafes of 
 grounde, haue yelded to their choofers, the funinie of fourefcore Caftellans of gold. And thus leade they theyr 
 lyues in fulfyllynge the holy hunger of golde. But the more the} fyll their handes with fyndynge, the more 
 increafeth their couetous defyre. The more .voodde is layde to the fyer, the more furioufly rageth the flame. 
 Vnfaciable couetoufnelTe is no more diminifflied with increafe of rychefle, then is the drineffe of the dropfye 
 fatiffyed with drinke. I lette paflfe manye thynges wherof I intende to write more largely in tyme conuenient, 
 if I fliall in the meane feafon vnderftande thefe to be acceptable vnto yowTC holynelTe : my dewtie and obfer- 
 uauncc to whofe autoritie, hath caufed me the gladlicr to take this labour in hande. The prouidence of the 
 eternall creatour of all thynges, graunt yowre holyneffe many profpcroiis yearcs. 
 
 The contr.iry 
 course of wattrs. 
 
 The pnynt of the 
 pole sl.ir. 
 
 I The golde mynes 
 (if Dariena, and 
 the mailer of 
 
 ' tj.athcrynKC khMo. 
 
 149 
 
 Owre incl.isters 
 wooldc leaue no 
 such commens, 
 Aiiri sacra l-',ini~ 
 
 The drop-.ie of 
 couctou^iics. 
 
 1 
 
 I \ 
 
 
 it-? 
 
 J! 
 
 ««5 
 
 •1: i 
 

 \ 
 
 f 
 
 
 1 i 
 
 \ . .\m 
 
 ■\ < 
 
 'i : 
 
 i 1 
 
 V 
 
 l...kc n-. .i.Ir 
 
 Citirs f.jreif\i-a 
 
 ThcIl.in<i'>fCii!.a 
 or l-t:rii.inJiiia. 
 
 'I'lie Spaniards c( 
 fub.i atlciiipl lU'W 
 vyagcs. 
 
 The wc^t angle 
 Cuba. 
 
 Note 
 
 'I Ik: Hand of 
 
 Iiicatar:a. 
 
 A great citie well 
 
 liuylded. 
 
 Temples. 
 
 lluiiiane people. 
 
 150 
 
 Cunnyng 
 artifycers. 
 
 Appareled pef»ple 
 
 1 86 
 
 €1 The laste booke of Peter Martyr of Angleria, 
 OF THE LANDES AND ILANDES LATELY FOUNDE: 
 
 AND OF THE MANERS OF THE INHABITAVNTES OF THE SAME. 
 
 Haue partli declared before in mi decades how certeinc fugitiiies 
 which came owt of the large Weft landes arriued in the confynes of 
 Dariena: And howe that marueylinge at the bookes of owre men, 
 they declared that they fumtyme dwelte in regions whofe inhabi- 
 tauntes vfed fuche inftrumentes and were ruled by politike lawes. 
 Aifo that they had cities fortified with waules, and faire pallaces 
 with ftreates well paued, and common places whyther mar- 
 chauntes refort as to the biirfe or ftreate. Thefe landes, owre men 
 haue nowe founde. Therfore who were th[e]autours hereof, or 
 what fucceffe they had herein, who fo defireth to know with the 
 conditions of (Iraunge regions and the maners of the people, let 
 hym giue diligent attendance to fuch thynges as folowe. Of the 
 Hand of Cuba (nowe cauled Feniandina, lyynge nexte vnto Hi/- 
 paniola on the wefl fyde, and yet fumwliat fo bendynge towarde 
 tlie Northe that the circle cauled Tropicus Cancri deuideth 
 it in the myddeflc, wher as Hifpaniola is diflante from 
 the Tropike and declinyge certen degrees toward the Equi- 
 noctial line) we haue fpoken fumwhat before. In this Hand of Fcnmndina, there are nowe fyxe townes 
 erected. Wherof, the chiefe is named Saudhigo of faynt lames the patrone of the Spanyardes. In 
 this, there is natiue golde, found both in the mountaynes and r)uers : By reafon wherof tliey are 
 daylye occupied in gathering and digging the fame. Hut fhortely after that I had finiflied my fayde 
 bookes, thre Spanyardes that were the mod auncicnt citizens of Cuba, as Francifcus Fcrnandes of Corduba, 
 Lupus Oi/io, and Chrijlophorus Moranks, determined to fecke newe landes, as the myndes of the 
 Spanyardes are euer vnquiet and geuen to attempte great enteqirifcs. They furnyfiied at their owne charges, 
 three of thofe fliyppes whiche they caule Carauels. And hauynge fjTfte lycence of Difgus Vclafqum the 
 gouernour of the Uande, they departed with a hundreth and ten men from the Weft angle of Cuba. For this 
 angle is mode commodious lo relicue fliyppes and to make prouifion for frefhe water and fuell. Thus they 
 fayled continually fyxe dayes and a halfe, betwene the Weft and the South, contented onely with the fyght of 
 the heauen and the water: dur)'nge whiche tyme, they fuppofc that they fliyled not paft threefcore and fyxe 
 myles. For they ley at anker all nyght where fo euer the faulynge of the foonne tooke the day light from them, 
 leafte by wanderjnge in vnknowen feas, they myght chaunce to be caft vppon rockes or fandes. But at 
 the length they chaunced vppon a great Ilande named luo^lana, whofe beginnyng th[e]inhabitauntes caule 
 Eccampi. Owre men went to the citie ftondynge on the fea fyde, the whiche for the bygnes therof, 
 they named Cayrus or Alcair Th[c]inhabitauntes entertained them very frendly. When they were entered 
 into tiie citie, they manieyled to behold the houfes buylded lyke towres, magnifycall temples, ftreates 
 well paued, and great exercife of bying and fellyng by exchaunge of ware for ware. Their houfes are 
 eyther bylte of ftone, or of bricke and lyme, and artifycially wrought. To the fyrfte porches of their houfes 
 and fyrft habitations, they afcend by ten or twelue fteares. They are couered eyther with tyles, flates, 
 reades, or ftalkes of certcyne herbes. They gratified the one the other with mutuall gyftes. The bar- 
 barians gaue owre men many brooches and iewelles of golde, verye fayre and of cunnyng woorkmanfhyppe. 
 Owre men recompenfed them with veftures of fylke and wooUe, counterfecte ftones, of coloured glalTe and 
 chriftall, haukes belles of laton, and fuche other rewardes whiche they greatly efteemed for the ftraungenes of 
 the fame. They I'ette nowght by lookynge glaffes, bycaufe they haue certeyne ftoones muche brighter. This 
 nation is appareled after a thoufande faffliyons with veftures made of goflampyne cotten or bombage of dyuers 
 coloures. The women are couered from the girdle to the hcele hauynge dyuers fafftiions of vayles aboute their 
 heades and breftes, with great cautele leaft any parte of their legges or feete bee feene. They reforte muche 
 isri 
 
 '\- , \ 
 
\0f the Lancies and Ilamics lately /oui/de.'] 7 'he thynle Decade. 
 
 .87 
 
 to their temples: vnto the which the chiefe rulers haue the wayes pauccl from their ownc houfcs. They are 
 Idolatours and ( ircumcifed. They occupie their niancr of cx< haun^^in^o, with iiiiuhc fydclitic. They vfe to 
 adourne the heares of their heades. Being demanded hy th[c]intcrpret<jiirs of whom tliey rcceatied their circuni- 
 cifyon, they anfwercd tliat tliere once pafled an cxceadynge f.iyre man by their coRes, who lefle tlieni that in 
 tooken to remember hym. Other faye tiiat a nianne brighter then the foonc, went emonge them and executed 
 that offyce. I'.iit there is no certenne liereof. When owre men had rcmayned there certeyne di-.yes, they 
 feemcd to bee moleflous to th[e]inhabitaiUes accordynge to the common fayinge. The lonj;er a gefle tarieth, 
 the woorfe is iiis entcrteynement. The whiche thynge owre men perceaiiyng, they made the more hafl awaye. 
 Beynge therfore prouided of all tiiynges neceffary, they tooke their vyage directly towarde the wefl by the 
 prouince whiche th[e]inhabitauntes caule Comi and Maiaiii. They oner paffed thefe regions takyng onely frelhe 
 water and fuel in the fame. The barbarians both men, women, and children flocked to the fea fyde, aflonyflhed 
 greatly to behold the huge bygncfle of tlie fliyppes. Owre men nianieyled in maner no leffe to viewe their 
 buyldynges and efpecially their temples fytuatc neare vnto the fea, and erected after the maner of towers. Thus 
 at the length hauyng fayled about a huudreth and ten myles, they thought it good to ley anker in a prouince 
 named Campahium, whofe chiefe towne confyfleth of three thoufande houfes. Th[e]inhabitauntes came 
 fwymmynge to the (hyppes: marueylyng excedyngly at the maner of faylinge, and at the foyles and other 
 tackelynges But when they hartl the thunder of the gunnes, fawe the fnioke, and fmelte the fauour of brimdone 
 and fycr, they fuppofed that thimderboultes and lyghtnyngcs had b) n fente from god. The kynge receaued owre 
 men honorably and broughte them into his pallayce : where he fealled them well after his maner. They are 
 accuHomed to eate ileflie, and haue great plen'ie of beafles and foules: as peacocke-s, and other whiche they 
 francke and feede in their houfes: Alfo dyuers kyndes of wylde foules of tlie mouiUaines, wooddes, and waters; 
 I.ikewife partriches, quailes, turtle dooues, duckes, and geefe. Of beafles, they luuie Connies, woolues, lyons, 
 tigers, foxes, wylde boores, hartes, and hares. After this banquet, the kyng with his traine and faniylic brought 
 owre men into a brode croffe way where many flreates do meete. In this, they fliewed them as it were a great 
 and highe aulter buylded foure Aiuare of marble compacte together partly with the toughe cleye of Babilon 
 cauled Bitumen, and partly with fmaule floones. It had on euery fyde foure (leares. Vjtpon the altare was an 
 Image of a man made of marble: and fiifl by it the Images of two beafles of vnknowen fliape, whiche feemed 
 as thoughe they wolde with yanyngc mouthes haue tome in funder the bealy of the nianncs Image. On the 
 other fyde floode a great fcrpent compacte of the (iiyde toughe cleye and fmaule Roones. This ferpent beynge 
 in length, xlvii. foote, and of the bygnelTe of a large oxe, feemed to deuour a lyon of marble, and was al by 
 fparcled with frelhe bludde. Harde by the altare, were thre pofles faflncd in the ground, the which three other 
 trauerfed and were fufleined with Rones. In this place offenders were put to death : In token wherof they fawe 
 innumerable arrowes Reined with bludde, fum fcatercd, funi lyinge on heapes, and fum broken: Alfo a great 
 number of mennes bones lying in a court or yarde nere vnto this funcRal place. Their houfes are here 
 alfo builded of lime and R le. They named this king, Lazarus, bicaufe they arriued at this lande on faint 
 Lazarus lay. Depaiting from henfe and directing theyr courfe Ryl toward the WeR for the fpace of xv. myles, 
 they came to a prouince named Aquanil, whofe chiefe towne is cauled Mofco, and the kynge thereof, Cupoton. 
 He behelde owre men with a frowarde counteiiaunce, and fought occafion to doo them fume priuie niifchiele 
 whyle they fought for frefflie watfT. For he made fignes vnto them that on the further fyde of the nexte hyll, 
 they fliulde fynde fpryngcs of water, intendyng to haue affayled them in that narowe pa Rage. But by the 
 colouryng of theyr forheades (as they are accuRomed in theyr warres) and by the bearynge of tlieyr bowes and 
 other weapons, owre men pcrceaued theyr wylynes, and refufed to go any further. Yet a thoufande of the 
 Barbarians affayled theym vnwares and vnprepared. By rcafon wherof, they were put to flyght, and dyuers of 
 them llayne in the chafe. Many that fledde towarde le Piippes, were entangeled in the nnidde and maryRies 
 nere vnto the fhore. Twentie and two, were flayne with arro>"es, and the refydcwe for the moR parte, wounded. 
 Framifcus Fernaiides the gouernour of the nauie, receaued in th's conflicte three and thirtic woundes. And in 
 maner none efcaped without hurt If they had gonne to the hylles whiche were appoynted them, they hail 
 byn flayne cucry man. They therfore that efcaped, returned to the Ilande of FernaiuUna frome whenfe they 
 came, where they were receaued of theyr felows witii hcauie chere. But when Dugus Vclafqum the gouernoure 
 of the Ilande, had intelligence hereof, he imniediady turnyRied a newe nauie of foure Caraueles with three 
 hundreth men. Of this nauie he appoynted lohn Grifalua his neuie, to be the gouernour: And aRigned for 
 vnder capitaynes, Alphons[o] Auila, Frances Montegio, and I'eter !• ' \arado. For the pylot he aRigned Anionic 
 Alamino who had the regiment of the fyrR nauie. They attempted the fame vyage ageyne, but declyned 
 fumwhat more tow.irde the South about threfcore and tenne myles. Before they fawe any lande, they efpyed a 
 towre a farre of, by the viewe wherof, they came to an Ilande named Cozumella, from the whiche they fmelte fweete 
 
 t' Eden point's out hiter oil tlu-it William Powell, the printer, hail wrongly carried the headline, 'flu t^:yydc PiCTit', o%er this, a perfectly distinct book. 
 ~-<>^" p. 342-) We have therefore also inserted the true headline within bracketii. — L. .\ j 
 
 ' Cirrtimcisril 
 lUt.Ulcrs. 
 
 Comi. 
 
 CiiinPechiuin, 
 A towne of thifc 
 thousand howscs. 
 
 Pluntic nf bcaitc» 
 and fuiitcii. 
 
 Theyr Mulcb .iiid 
 Idulalry, 
 
 Houses oriyiiic 
 and stone. 
 
 151 
 
 The prniiiuce 
 Ai(uin:ttl. 
 
 The Spanyardc^ 
 are put to tlyyht 
 and many sluyne 
 
 An other 
 e.xpeditiou. 
 
 Thr llan.I.,f 
 Cuzunidla. 
 
 ii! 
 
 'i 
 
 1 11 
 
s 
 
 1^ ) 1 
 
 ',; \ 
 
 •;'' I' 
 
 ^ i. 
 
 
 188 
 
 Swede ■i^iiniiM, 
 A frulcfull Ilande. 
 
 Tnwrc^ and 
 icniplcs. 
 
 Cd^umella named 
 Sanct.! Crux. 
 
 [duleii lyke beares. 
 Iiiolalry. 
 
 Gciuell people. 
 
 Iucat:in:i but fyuc 
 niylcs from 
 Cuzunicllx 
 
 152 
 
 'I'liu Barbari.ms 
 make rcbiataunce. 
 
 A coufliLlc- 
 
 The length of 
 lucatana. 
 
 The rcKion ol 
 Caliiacain, ot 
 Oloai). 
 
 The ryuer 
 Grisafua. 
 
 Targets and brest 
 plates of guide- 
 
 T/ie thyrde Decade. \0f the Landcs and llaiides lately fottndc?\ 
 
 fauours proceailyngc with the wynde, before they approched to the lanile by the fpace of three myles. They 
 founde the Ilande to be fortie and fine niyles in circuitc. It is piayne and of maruelous frutcfull foyle. There 
 is alfo golde in it, but it is not engendered there, but brought thethcr from other regions. It aboundetn with 
 hony, fruites, and herbes: And hath alfo great plentie of foules and foure footed beaftes. Theyr order and maner 
 of lyuyng, is in al thynges lyke unto tlie)rs of lucatana. Lykew) fe tlie)r howfes, temples, (Ireates, and apparell. 
 In many of theyr houfes, arc great ])olles of marble after the maner of owre buyldynge. They founde there, 
 the foundations of certeyne owlde towres ruinate: And one efpecially with, xviii. fleares afeendynge to it, after 
 the maner of folemne temples. They marueyled greatly at owre fliippes and maner of faylynge. At the fyrfl, 
 they wolde admyt no (Iraungers; but fliortly after, receaued them gentelly. Theyr thiefe ruler (whom ovvre men 
 fuppofed to bee a preede) led them vp to the toppe of the towre, where they erected a banner and addicted the 
 Ilande to the dominion of the kynge of Caflyle, namynge it SaiiHa Crux, bycaufe they entered into the fame in 
 the nones of Maye beinge then the feaflc of the holye croffe. They faye that it was cauled Cozumella of kynge 
 Cozumdlaus, whofe aunceftours were the fyrfl that inhabited the Ilande. In the towre, they founde many 
 chambers fumyflied with Images, made bothe of earthe and marble to the fimilytude of beares. Thefe they 
 caule vppon with a houlynge anil lamentable fonge, perfumyng them with fweete odours, and otherwyfe 
 honourynge them as theyr domefticall goddes They were alfo circumcifed. The kynge was in fayre apparel 
 made of goffampine cotton curioufly wrought. He was lame on the one foote by reafon that as he once exercyfed 
 hym felfe in fwymmynge, a deuourynge fyflie cauleil Tiibcron, byt of al the toes, of one of his feete. He 
 entreated owre men very frendly and made them great chiere. After they had byn here thre dayes, they 
 dejwrted. And faylynge flyll towarde the Wefle, they efpyed great mountaynes a farre of. But as they 
 drcwe neare, they perceaued it to bee the Ilande of lucatana beinge dillant from Cozumtlla onely fyue 
 myles. Directynge therfore theyr courfe towarde the foiithe fyde of lucatana, they compafed it ( n that 
 fyde which lyeth neareft to the fuppofed continent: Yet coulde they not fayle rounde about it by reafon 
 of the multitude of rockes, flialowe places, and (lielfes of fandes. Then Alaminus the pylot turned 
 his failes to the North fide wherof he had better knowleage. Thus at the length, they came to the 
 towne Campcchium and kynge Lazarus with whom they had bin that attempted the fyrfl vyage the yeare 
 before. At the fyrfl, they were gentelly receaued, and requyred to refort to the towne. But (hortly 
 after, they repented that they had bydden them : and there vpon wylled them to flay about a Hones call from 
 the towne, and to proceade no further. When owre men defyred that they myght make prouifion for freflie 
 water before theyr departure, they affigned them to a certeyne well which they had lefte behynde them. 
 Declaringe further, that it fhulde be lawfuU for them to take water there or els no wheare. Owre men reRed 
 that nyght in the fyeldc adioynynge to the well. The which thynge the Barbarians fufpectinge, aflembled an 
 army of three thoufande men, and encamped not farre from them. Bothe partes paffed awaye the nyght 
 without fleepe. They fearynge leafte owre menne (Imlde breake into the towne : And owre men, lead the Bar- 
 barians fluildc inuade them foodenly, on the one parte with trumpettes, and on the other fyde with the noyfe of 
 timbrels kept them (lyll wakynge that were difpofed to fleape. At the fprynge of the day, the Barbarians 
 approched to owre mens campe and cauled for th[c]interpretours of Cuba, whofe language is much agreable 
 vnto theyrs. They had diuifed to lyghte a torche of frankenfence and to place the fame betwene bothe 
 th[e]armies to th[e]intent that if owre men dyd not depart before the torche were confumed, to flande to theyr 
 perell. The torch was wafted and the matter came to hand ftrokes. They llewe onely one of owre men with 
 an arrowe bycaufe his target fayled hym. But many were wounded. After this conflicte, owre men reforted 
 to theyr ordinaunce which they had planted neare vnto the well. When they had difcharged certeyne peeces, 
 the Barbarians fledde backe into the towne. Owre men were of fierce and greedy courage to haue purfued 
 them, but that Grifalua the gouernour wolde not fuffer them. From thenfe they proceaded to the lad ende of 
 lucatana, which they founde to reache more then two hundreth myles frome the Eaft to the Weft. Here they 
 founde a comodious hauen and named it Partus defideratus. From henfe they fayled to other landes, and came 
 to the region nexte to lucatana Weftwarde, whiche they doubte whether it be an Ilande or parte of the fimie 
 lande: but thinke it rather to be annext to the continent. In this there is a goulfe which they fuppofe to be 
 incoonipafed with bothe the landes. But of this, there is no certentie. Th[e]inhabitantes caule this region 
 Caluacam or otherwife Oloan. They founde here alfo a great ryuer whiche by his violente courfe and faule, 
 driueth freftie water two myles into the fea. This they cauled Grifalua after the name of the gouemoure. 
 The barbarians marueilyng at the huge greatnefle and mouynge of owre fhyppes, came fwarmyng the bankes 
 on bothe fydes the ryuer, to the number of fyxe thoufande men armed with targettes and breft plates of gold, 
 bowes and arrowes, brode fwoordes of heauy woodde, and longe iauelens hardened at the endes with fyer: 
 Thus ftondynge in battayle raye to defende their cooftes, and with proude countenaunces forbyddinge owre 
 men to coome alande. Bothe parties watched al that nyght in armes. In the dawne of the day, owr men 
 efpied about a hundreth Canoas (whiche we haue faide to be their boates) full of armed men. Here alfo the 
 188 
 
 
 i I 
 
.^—.^ 
 
 \0f the Landcs ami Ilaiuies lately fouiidc?^ The tliynle Decaile. 
 
 189 
 
 language of tli[e]intfri)rctoiirs of Cuba agreed well enowghe with thers. When ihoy li;ul ailiniltal the peace 
 Ijfofered tlicni l)y th[L']inter|)rctours, al tlii.' Canoas (laicil cx( cpto one whiche ajipnjched toward the (hippos. 
 A certcyne ruler tliat was in tliis Canoa, dcniaundi-d of uwre mm what they fought in other niennes landes. 
 They anfwereil, gold. And that, for permutation of other ware, and not of gift or vyolently. The Canoa 
 returned and the ruler certified the kyng hereof, who came gladlye to the fliyppes. When he had f.duted the 
 gouernour, he cauled his < hamherlen vnto hym, commaundynge him tobringe hisarmure and oilier ornamentes 
 of gohle wherwith he armed Grifaliia from the toppe of the heade to the foule of the foote; In fo nuiche that, 
 what fo euer any man of amies armed at all partes, is eiiiong vs actullomed to weare of Iren or fleele when he 
 commeth in to the fielde, all fuche kynde of furnitures made of golde and wrought with woonderfuU arte, the 
 kyng gaue to the gouernour. Me recompenfed hym with vcflures of fy[l]cke, clothe, lynen, and other of owre 
 thinges. In the beginning of tiiis fucataiia, when tiny fayled to Columella, they chauiiced vpi)on a Canoa 
 of fyflher men to the number of nyiie, fyflhyng with Imokes of golde. 'I'hey tooke them all i)rifoners. One of 
 them was knowen to this kyng, wiio promyfcd the daye folow) ng to fende the gouernour as muche golde for 
 his raunfome as the man hym felfe waied. But the gouernour denyed that he louid releafe hym withowte the 
 confent of his felowes: And therfore kept hym flyll to prone what he could further knowe of hym. Departing 
 from henfe and fayiyiige flyll weflwarde, they founde a great goulfe in the which three fmaule Ilandes were 
 fytuate. Of tliefe, they went to the byggefl. But oh abhominable crueltie: oh moll corru|)ted niyndes of 
 men, and deuelyflie impietie? Let euery go<lly man clofe the mouth of his ftomake lell he be dullurbcd. They 
 offer younge children of bothe kyndes to their Idoles of marble and earth. Knionge their Idoles of marble, 
 there flandeih a lyon hauynge a hole throwgh the necke, into the whiche they poure the bludile of the miferable 
 facrifyce, that it maye from thcnfe runne downe into a fyncke of marble, l.ette vs nowe declare with what 
 ceremonies they facryfyce the bludde of thefe pore wretches. They cutte not their throtes, but open the very 
 brefles of thefe felye foules and take owte their liartes yet pantynge, with the hotte bludde wlierof, they anoynte 
 the lypi)es of their Idoles, and fufter the refydue to faule into the fynke. This doone, they burne the harte and 
 bowels, fuppofynge the fnioke tlierof to be acceptable to their goddes. Of their Idoles, one is made to the 
 fliapc of a man, bowynge downe his heade and lookynge toward the fynke of bludde, as it were acceptyng the 
 ofteringe of the flayne facrifyce. They eate the tleflie of the amies, thighes, and legges, efpecially when they 
 facrifyce an enemy taken in the warres. They founde a (Ireame of congeled blud as thoughe it had runne 
 from a bouchery. For this ni)fcheuous purpofe, they bringe thefe wretches from the ne.xte Ilaniles. They 
 fawe alfo innumerable heades, and trunkes of bodies thus mangeled, befyde many other yet remaining hole and 
 couered with certeine mattes. All the tractes of thefe regions abounde with golde and precious Hones. One 
 of owre men wanderynge in the Ilande, chaunced to fynde two water pottes of alabaRer artifycially wrought 
 and full of lyttle (lones of dyuers colours. They faye alfo that they founde a Hone of the value of two 
 thoufand Caflilans of gold, whiche they fent to the gouernour. This Ilande they named the Hand of facrifyce. 
 Th[e]inhal)itauntes are circumcifed. There are alfo other Ilandes fytuate about this Col\f\uauina or Calnaiani, 
 the whiche are inhabited onely with women lyuing without the coompanye of men after the maner of the 
 Amasoncs. But they that ponder the matter more wifely, thinke them rather to be certeyne women whiche 
 haue vowed chaflitie and profelTed a fol)tarie lyfe as the nunnes doo with vs, or as the virgins cauled Vcjlales 
 or Borne Dae, were accuflomed to do amonge the gentiles in oulde tyme. At certeyne tymes of the yeare, 
 men of the other Ilandes refoite vnto them. But not for th[e]intent of generation, but moued with pitie to 
 lielpe them to drelTe their gaidens and tyll their grounde. The rei)orte goeth lykewife that there are other 
 Ilandes of corrupte women to whom men reforte for carnall copulation: And that they cutte of one of the 
 pappes of their women children leafl. it fliuld hiiuler their fliootyng. Alfo that they kepe onely the women 
 children and fende awaye the men children. Owr men therfore drewe nere to the lliore of Colliiacana where 
 they quyetly e.\ercifed marchaundies with th[e]inhabitauntes. The kyng gaue them a great potte of gold: 
 .\lfo braflettes, chayiies, brouches, with many other iewelles, and al of gold. Owre men ageyne on the other 
 parte fatiffyed him with fuch fluffe as they had done other before. Here wolde they gladly haue planted a 
 newe colonic or habitation, but that the gouernour wolde not permytte them, wlierat they gruged not a lyttle. 
 The houfes and other edifyes of this prouynce, are buylded like " : towres. It hath alio. w. great townes in 
 it. Of thefe they affirme that they haue feene fum confilling r 1^ f 'j then. x.\. thoufande houfes, not ioyning 
 together, but defeuered with courtes and gardens. They haue alfo certeyne large market places encompafed 
 with waules, anil flreates well paued. Likewife furnaces and ouens made of lyme and bricke. Furthermore 
 al fortes of handy craftes men and very cunning artificers. This kinges name was Potanchauus: and the 
 region is cauled Palmaria. The towne where the king kepeth his court, conteineth. xv. thoufand houfes. 
 When they receaue any flraungiers and make a leage of frendfliyppe with t'lem, they are accuflomed with a 
 knife made of a fliarpe (lone, to let them felues bludde in the toonge, hande, arme, or fum other parte of the body: 
 And this euen in the fyght of them whom they admitte to frendfliyp, in token that they are ready to (liedde 
 
 169 
 
 Aniuirf of y i'Me. 
 
 Kxitcric .trlilicci« 
 
 153 
 
 'I'hf n.indcs i-f 
 
 S.njrilice. 
 
 Chyldrcn 
 
 s.icriliceil tu 
 
 Moles. 
 
 Thi-ir Moles of 
 
 marble. 
 
 Cloltl .iiul I'rcciuiw 
 stones. 
 
 A stone of :.;re.it 
 price. 
 
 ll.indes of women. 
 
 c;.>Me 
 
 tloi'.scs lykc 
 
 Ik^wres. 
 
 XV. grciite townes 
 
 in the proiiincc of 
 
 of Coltuacan.!. 
 
 Townes of xx. 
 
 tlious:tnde llon-es 
 
 The region of 
 P.dni.iri.i. 
 
 A token of 
 frendship. 
 
 : I 
 
 if 
 
i 
 
 W 
 
 !i! 
 
 
 190 
 
 Pri!o»io<. 
 
 ChaMllIc. 
 
 154 
 
 The pinn ■'heriicnt 
 f>r jiliiltcric. 
 
 Miirrta^f i-. 
 huDiiiirutl, 
 
 r.i^lyny.i 
 
 K\ lit;*: <>ii,uiiluv 
 
 Iciulc-i, it'weU. niul 
 uui.lii.'5 ufguKI. 
 
 Gold in 
 
 mountayne^ and 
 ryucrs 
 
 Thcyr mamir (if 
 galhuryiig goldc. 
 
 Swecf: sauouis. 
 
 A stone uf great 
 price. 
 
 155 
 
 Other vi.^g^:^ from 
 Cuba or 
 Kern and ill a. 
 
 M.iny Ibnds 
 boiwcne ( "ul>3 ami 
 the lirnic l.nxlc. 
 
 77/i' tliyydc Decade. {Of the Lnitdes and Ilatides lately foimdc.'] 
 
 tlicir bluddf in tlitir iVyndch caufcs. I'litir iiriclles profclTc a vertiious lyfc, and line vnmaried. What it is to 
 liaiic to do witli women, no man kiioweth before he lie marled. Kurnication and uchiltery (which fcldome 
 chaunrc cinonnu thcni) they coiinte alilioniiniilion. The women are of maruelous rhaflilic. F.iiery noble man 
 after that he haue had one wife, may haiie as niany cuiicMMnes as h)in 1) (Uth. Hut a maried woman taken in 
 a(hilterie, is foulde of lier hulbande. I'lit this onely to tlie prime; at whofe handes it flial be Kt " '1 for her 
 kynfefolkes to redeeme lier. It is not lawful! for fuehe as are not maried, to fytte at liie fame tal .1 them 
 
 that are maried, or to eate of the fame dydie or drinke of the fame cup. In the moneth t ,gufl and 
 SLptember, they abfleine. x\.\v. dayes not oiiuly froni Ikllie whcrof they haue great plentie, but alfo from fyflie 
 and al other thinges that lyue by liiiiddc; And durynge tliefe dales, iyueonel\' with herbes and frutes. They reken 
 twentie dayes to the moneth, and twentie monelhes to the yeare. Owre men confumed certeyne dayes here 
 verye plealaimtly. When they departed, coaflynge flyll by the fame fliore, they came to an other kyng whom 
 they named Oimiii/iiw When he had intellygence diat owre men defued golde, he brought foorlh certeyne 
 plates of molten gold. lUit when the goiiernour fignified vnto him by th[e]interpretors that he defyred great 
 l)lentie of that metal, the day folowing he brought him a mannes Image of golde beinge a cubette in length; 
 Alfo a fanne of golde, and an Idole of one of his domeflicail goddes of curious woorkemanfliyi)pe. Likewyfe 
 g:irlandes of Hones of fundry colours, with nwny brefle plattes, brooches, and other kyndes of ornamentes, and 
 all of golde. He gaue hym furthermore aboundaunce of delycate mcates well falted and jjoudred with Qjices. 
 When he had recjuired owre men to coome alande, he commaunded his feruauntes with all fpeede to prepare a 
 great multitude of branches of trees and to waite vjjpon owre men to his pallayce. As they went thus in order, 
 fum behynde and fum before on bothe fydes, they feenied fo to fliadowe owre men with the bouwes as thoughe 
 they had gonnc in a continuall arbour. The kyngc hym felfe hauynge a fepter in his hand, dyd fette them in 
 their arraye, and fumtyme (Irike fuehe as were negligent in bearyng their bouwes. They fliewed them felues 
 obedient in all thynges, and with graue countenainice, humbled them felues to receaue his (Iripes. When he 
 was demaunded where he had fuehe [ilentie of golde, he pointed with his fynger to the next mountaynes, and to 
 the ryuers defcendyng from the fame. They are lb accuRomed to the riuers and e.xercifed in fwymming, that it 
 is al one to them to hue in the water and on the lande. When they defyre to gather golde, they plunge theym 
 felues in die ryuers and brynge from the bottome therof, bothe tluir lunnles full of fande, whiche fyftynge from 
 hande to hande, they gather owte the graynes of golde. And by this meanes in the fpace of twoo houres, they 
 fyll a reede as bygge as a mannes fynger. Of the fweete (liuours of thefe landes, many thinges myght be fpoken, 
 the whiche bycaufe they make rather to th[e]effeminatynge of the myndes of men, then for any neceflarye 
 jjurpofe, I haue thought bell to omylte them. The kynge alfo gaue the gouernour a younge v'l'gine of twelue 
 yeares of age, adourned with ryehe and fayre iewelles. Of the (lones whiche he had of th'' ge, one was 
 valued at twoo thoufande Cadellans of golde. Thus at the length they departed from this laden with 
 
 golde and iireeious floones. Giijalna the gouernour, fente one of the Carauelles to his vncl. ,.y Vclafqiien 
 gouernour of the Hande of Cuba, with melVengers to delyuer hym the golde, iewelles, and other ornamentes. 
 'J'he refydue in the meane tyme ll)ll folowed the tracte toward the Weft. One of them in the whiche Frauncis 
 Montegius the vnder gouernour was earyed, fayled harde by the fliore; and the other twoo kept aloofe within 
 profpecte of the land. Th[e]inhabitauntes of thefe coaftes alfo, no leffe manieylynge at the fliyppes then dyd 
 the other, came with twelue Canoas to Montegius, defyringe hjni by th[e]interpretours to coome alande, 
 promyfynge in the name of their kynge, that hee flioulde be honorably enterteyned. But Montegious anfwered 
 that hee coulde not affeiite to their recjueft bycaufe his coompanions were fo farre from hym. Yet dyd he gyue 
 them certa) lie of owre thynges ftraunge vnto them, and thankes for their gcntylneffe. Shortly after efpyinge a 
 great towne they directed their courfe thither. Th[e]inhabitauntes prohibyted them to coome alande, and came 
 foorthe agejnfl them with bowes anil ([uyuers ful of arrowes, brode fwoordes made of heauy woode, and 
 lauelens hardned at the ende with fier. They fliotte at owre men a farre of; And owre men difcharged 
 certeyne pieces of ordinaunce ageynll them. The Barbarians aftonyfllied at the noyfe of the gunnes, fledde 
 amayne, and defyred i)eaee. Here owre mens vytayles began to fa)le them, and theyr lliyppes were broofed 
 with longe vyages. Hauynge therefore founde and doone thefe thynges whereof we haue fpoken, Giifaliia 
 returned to the Hande of Fernaiidina well contented, but fo were not his companions. We mufte nowe diuerte 
 fumwhat from this matter, and fpeake of an other nauigation. And from tlienfe wyll we returne to thefe landes 
 which owre men haue founde. So it is therfore, that Dkgus Velafqiicn the gouernour of the Hand of 
 Fernaiidina, about the fame tyme that he had fent foorth this nauie of foure Caraueles, he prepared an other 
 nauigation of onely one Carauell and one brvgantine with fortie and fyue men. Thefe exercifed vyolent handes 
 ageinft th[e]inhabitauntes of thofe regions where they arryued, thynk\nge that they myght forceably drawe them 
 to the dyggynge of golde bycaufe they were Caffranite Idolaters and ciicumcifed. There are "'. the fea fyde not 
 farre from the fuppofed continent, many lyttle Handes of mofte fortunate and frutefuU foyle, whereof three are 
 thus named : Giiaiiapaii, Ciiaiii^iiaii, and Qiiitilla. Owte of one of thefe (which they named Sanda Marina) they 
 
 if: (' 
 
\0f the Landcs and Ilaiuks lately foitU(ic.\ 1 lie titynie I\raile, 
 
 violentcly caiieil away three hiindretli men and women which tlicy thnift uito the Caraiicll and returned 
 initnc(hatly to Fcrnaii,liiuu leaiiyngc the lirigaiitine witli. xxv. of theyr ("elowcs to th[e]intvMl ';.■ hunt for more men. 
 The hauen where tlie Caraiiell fyrlle arryued, is raided CureiKis, beiii^je dillantc from the angle of Cii/'ti and the 
 chiefe ciiie o( Sii'tilii'X'', lw<> luiiidreth and fyftie myles. For this Ilande of O/A/, is very longo, re:u hyng in 
 length from the Kail to the Well, and fitiiate ilirei tly vnder the circle cauk-d 'J'n'/'iais C'dnai as wc hauc fiydo 
 before. Now fliall you heare how fortune fought the reuenge of thefe pore wretches. Therfore as theyr kepers 
 went aland and few remained in the Carauel, they perreuing occafion iniuillred wherhy they myghl rocoiicr theyr 
 libeitie, foodeynely fuali lied vp owr mens weapons and llewe fyxe of them which yet rema)iifd in the Carauel, 
 whyle the refidue lepte into the fea. .\nd by this nieanes the liarbarians poffeffed the CaraucU which they h.ul 
 foone learned to rule, and thus returned to theyr o>vne countreys. lint they fay led fyrfte to the ncxte Ilande 
 where they burnte the Carauell and caried away the weapons with them. From henfe they conueyed them 
 felues to theyr owne countreys with the Canoas of this Ilande. IKare in lyke nianer they pryuihe alTayletl them 
 that were lefte with the briganlyne, and flewe m.iny of them alfo. 'I'he refidue that efcaped, fledde to the 
 hrigantine where they bewayled theyr felowes deathes and counted theyr owne efcape a victorie. On the fliore 
 not farre from the place where they fuftered this miffortune, there is a tree, in the toi)pe wherof they fet vp a 
 crofle, and graued this infcription in the barke of the tree; Vannuis Aldarifci. There is a ryuer named Darien, 
 on the banke wherof flandeth the chiefe citie of the fuppofed continent. The gouernour therfore hauing 
 intelligence herof, fent with all fpeede two (hipjies of warre well furnylhed, to the ayde of them that were lefte. 
 But they were wyfe to late. Yet folowynge the viewe of the crolTe, they came to ''le fliore and redde the letters 
 grauen on the tree, but durlle not attempte fortune. Thus with all theyr hardie fouldiers departinge from henfe 
 with defpayre, they fayled to the nexte Ilande, out of the which they caryed away by violence fyue hundreth 
 men and women, fuppofynge lykewyfe that they myght lawfully fo doo byraufe they were Idolaters and 
 circumcifed. But the like chaunce happened vnto them when they landed at Rrnaiidhia. For the Barbarians 
 efpyinge oportunitie, fette vpjion the Spaniardes in one of the flii])i)es with theyr owne weapons and flewe theyr 
 keepers. The refidue that efcaped, callynge them felues into the fea, fwamme to the nexte carauell, and with 
 theyr felowes affayled the carauell that was taken from them. This conflicte was fo fliarpe, that for the Qiace 
 of foure hoiires, it was doubtfuU whether parte fluilde obteyne the victorie. The Barbarians both men and 
 women fought verye fiercely, afwell to recouer theyr libertie, as alfo to holde fade the praye whiche they had 
 gotten. But in fine, the Spanyardes had thi' \pper hande by reafon they were more experte in handelynge of 
 theyr weapons and rulyng of theyr Caraurl,. The Barbarians beinge thus ouercoome, lepte into the fea; but 
 the Spanyardes tooke theym ageyne with the fliippe boates. About a hundreth of the Barbarians peryflied, 
 beinge partely drowned and partly flayne with the fwoortle; And but fewe of the .Spanyardes. Thefe thynges 
 thus pacified, the refydue of the Barl)arians were caryed to the towne of Sii/it7hii,'o and condenmed to laboure 
 in the golde mynes. Shortly after they made owte a newe vyage to an other of the Ilandes, whiche lye there 
 about fo thicke, that they commonly caule the number of them Anhit^dagiis, as they in owre fea of Ion i cum are 
 QoxX^A Symplcgades. Here owre men were cr, icily handeled: and as many of them as came alandc eyther 
 flayne or wounded. This Ilande they named Florida, bycaufe they arryued there on F.aller day whiche the 
 Spanyardes caule the floryfliynge day of the refurrection. They fay alfo that in this tractc they fawe. xxvi. 
 Ilandes which G;/(W/« had ouerpalTed: And the fame fo to lye aboute Hifpitniola and C//A?. as though they 
 warded them from the furie of the Ocean. In many of thefe they founde natiue golde of lyke goodnes to that 
 which is founde in Granatiim. Th[e]inhabitantes alfo weare many iewels, and haue many Images of theyr 
 domeflicall goddes made both of golde artificially wrought and alfo of woodde gylted. Francis Cheregatus 
 browght one of theyr Idoles with hym, wherby may bee confidered of what wytte and aptenes they are. It is 
 a maruelous thynge to fee what maner of rafers they liaue, made of certeyne yelowe flones cleare and 
 tranfparent lyke vnto Cryflal. With thefe they fhaue and came as though they were made of fine fteele. 
 When the edges are bhintc with longe cxercife, they fliarpen them not with a whetllone, or powder, or any other 
 fl,one, but temper them onely with water. They haue alfo a thoufande kindes of inflrumentes or tooles and 
 fuch other thynges of fyne deuife, which were to longe to rehearfe. Let \s therefore returne from whenfe we 
 haue digreffed, as to CozumcUa, Iiicatana, Colltmcaua or Olloa, beinge al landes lately founde, and fo rich, 
 frutcful and pleafaunt, that they may in maner be compared to the earthly Paradyfe. Therfore, after that it 
 was knowen to owre men of howe greate niomente '''''' "^ractes were, the Spanyardes which inhabited the 
 Ilande of Cuba Anunctus beinge the gouernour of the Ilande furnylhed a newe nauic of ten Carauelles and f}ue 
 hundreth menne, with twoo fmaule brigantines, as it weare in the fleade of lyght horfemen or forerunners whofe 
 ayde they myght vfe as fcoutes to fearche the wayes for daunger of rockes and flialow fandes or flielfes. They 
 fhipte alfo certeyne horfes, as fyue iloned horfes and. xvi. mares a|)te for the warres. For their general! 
 gouernour and Admiral of the nauy, they elected Fcniando Corkfius who at that tyme was the chiefe ruler of 
 the citie of Santiago. For vnder capitaines, they appointed Alfons Forlucarerius, Francis Montegius, Alfons 
 
 191 
 
 S tiini.i^n the 
 diicfi: titio of 
 CuUi. 
 
 The n.irlMt-wn* 
 slf\ tlif Spaniarile 
 Willi ihc-yr owiio 
 
 The cliicfe I itie of 
 the supposed 
 Coiuiiieiit. 
 
 I'ht; Sp,iiiv.inlL-s 
 iirc j^l.iyiH- iiuvyne 
 with theyr uwnc 
 wciwn*. 
 
 The li.irl.ari, 1115 ilia 
 sl.iinc .111(1 put tu 
 llyght. 
 
 156 
 
 Another vy.ige. 
 An/ti/>fl,ti^us. 
 A nmhiin'.lc of 
 Ilandes. 
 
 xwi. Il.indoah't 
 Hisp.iniula and 
 Cuba. 
 
 Images ufguKle. 
 
 R.^^cr•> of Mo 
 
 In.stniiiiente:3 and 
 toolcs. 
 
 Landcs lyke \iit(j 
 the e.Trthly 
 P.iradybC. 
 
 An i.tlicr vy.icc nf 
 X. CarancU and v. 
 luiiulrcth men. 
 
 Hnrscs and marc^ 
 
 Femanrlo 
 CortC!>iu!>. 
 
 i«i;! 
 
 III 
 
 1 ri 
 
 m 
 
^■IP 
 
 19: 
 
 The thyrdc Decade. \0f the Landes and Ilandes lately foimde.\ 
 
 n 
 
 I ; 
 
 %.■ U 
 
 Thcll.mlnf 
 
 Cn/lltlicll.l. 
 
 Carjicts ;iiul 
 
 >iit:ctc.s. 
 
 Iniiiimcmble 
 
 bukcs. 
 
 Lircuuicistci 
 Idolaters. 
 
 Thcv Sacrifice 
 Chyiilrcn 
 
 157 
 
 The Il.uulcs ()f 
 Distain and 
 Scstam. 
 Sacrifice of doggcs. 
 
 They are snone 
 pcrMiaded tu owre 
 rehfiion. 
 
 The jtii tiire nf tlic 
 ble^aed Virgiiie 
 
 An other vya>;c 
 
 Aqiiilhiri>, vii. 
 vearcs c.ipiiiic in 
 I he Hand uf 
 Iiic.it.ina. 
 
 i'aUittiii. 
 
 The shipuracke of 
 \'atdiniA. 
 
 Auila, Aluerado Spatcnfo, lohn Vchifqiicn and Dirf^iis Ordajfus. They flyll folowcd the lame wynde from the 
 laR angle of Cuba toward the weft. As foone as Fraiincis Fernandes of Cordulia, and then lolin Grifalua 
 came wiihin profpecte of the Ilandc of Sacrifyces (whcrof we haue made mention before) (bodenly a tempeft 
 of contrary wynde prohibited theym to take lande and drone them backewarde to Cozuimila lyinge on the Eafl 
 fyde of Iiicataiia. This Ilande hath onely one hauen named fainte lohns porte. And hath in it, onely fyxe 
 towncs. Alfo none otlier water then in wellcs and refterns, bycaiife it lackoth riiiers and fpringcs by reafon 
 it is plaine, conteynynge onely. xlv. myles in circuite. At the C()omm;.'ngc of owtc men, th[e]inlial)itauntes 
 fledde to the thicke woods, and forfoke their townes for feare. Owre men entered into their houfes where they 
 founde plentie of vyttayles and many ornamcntes perteynynge to the furnyfliynge of their houfes, as hangingea 
 ar.d carpettes of dyuers colours, (liectes alfo of golTanipine cotton (whirlie they caule Atitaaas) and muche 
 apparell. They haue furthermore innumerable bookes, of the whiche with many other Ihinges fente to owre 
 newe Eniperour, we wyll fpeake more largely hereafter. The fouldiers wandered about the Hand and 
 viewe[d] al thynges diligently, kepyng them felues ft/U in battell raye lead they myglu be fodenly inuadcd. 
 They founde but a fewe of th[e]inhabitauntes and onely one woman in their coompanie. By th[e]inter- 
 pretours of Cuba and other whiche the Spaniardes tooke fyril from luaiUma, they perfwaded the woman 
 to caule the kynges that were abfente. They came gladly and made a leage of frendfliyp with owtc men, 
 wherby they were reftored to their houfes and a great [jarte of their ftuffe. They are circumcifed Idola- 
 tours, and facrifyce children of bothe kyndes to their Zcmcs, which are the Images of their familiar and 
 domefticall fpirites whiche they honour as goddes. \Vhen I enquired of Ahiminiis the pilote, alfo of 
 Frances Montegius and Portiica: eritis, from whenfe they had the children they oflered in facrifyce, they 
 anfwered that they bowght them in the Ilandes thereaboute l)y exchaunge for golde and other of their trafycke. 
 For in al this fo large a fpace of land, the deuelyflie anxietic for the defyre of wicked money, hath not yet 
 oppi^ffed th[e]inhabitantes. '•'hey foye the fame alfo of the Ilandes lately founde, wherof two are named 
 D(Jhim and Sejlain, whofe inhabitauntes go naked: and for fcarceneffe of children, facrificc dogges whiche they 
 nourifr.f?, afwell for that pur[)ofe as alfo to eate as wee do connies. Thefe dogges are dumme and can not barke, 
 hauynge fr.owtes lyke vnto foxes. Suche as they deftinate to eate, they geld while they are whelpes, wherby 
 they waxe very lai 'n the fpace of foure monethc?. Ihoy referue al the bytches for increafe, and but fewe 
 dogges. Owre men dif.vTded them from iliefe fuperftitions, declarynge how they were abhominable and detefled 
 of god. They were foone perfwaded and defyred a law whiche they nnght folowe. Ow re men therfore declared 
 vnto them that there was onely one god which made heauen and earth, the gcuer of al good thynges, beyng of 
 one incomprehenfyble fubftaunce vnder triplicitie of perfon. As foone as they harde thefe woordes, they broke 
 their Zeiius, and pared, (craped, and waflied the pauementes and waules of their temples. Owre men gaue 
 them a painted picture of the blefled vyrgine which they placed reuerently in their tcmi)le, and aboue it a crolTe 
 to be honored in the remembraunce of god and map and the faliiation of mankynde. They erected alfo an 
 other great ( rolTe of woodde in the toi)pe of the temple, whyther they oftentymes reforte togither to honour die 
 Image of the vyrgine. Th[c]inhal)itantes fignified by th[e]interpretours that in the Hand oi Iiua!ana not far 
 from them, there were feuen Chriftians captiues which in tyme pall were dryuen thither by tcmpefle. The Ilande 
 of Cozuimila, is onely fyue miles dillant from lucalana. The gouernour Corttftus being aduertifed herof, 
 furnyflicd. ii. Carauels with fyftiu men, wyllyiig them incontinent to direct their viagc thither and to make ferch 
 for thefe men. 'fhey toke with them thre interpretoius of Cozumclla (whofe language agreeth with theirs) with 
 letters to the Chriftians if any myj/li' be found. He further declared vnto theym howe goodly a matter they 
 flnilde bringe to palfe if they ((Mlde bringe awny any of them. For he nc wayes doubted but that by their 
 information, he fluild be fully certified of the commodities of all thofe trades, and the maners of th[c]inhabi- 
 tauiites. Thus they departed with commauiidement to retourne within the fi)ace of fyxe dayes. liut when they 
 Ivid remayned there now. viii. days, and hard no woorde of their Cozumellane interprelours whome they had 
 fent alande with the melTage and letters, owre men returned to Cozumella without them, fufpectyng that they 
 were other flaine or deteyned. .\nd where as the hole nauye was now determynetl to depart from Cozumdia 
 but that they were hyndere.l by contrary wynde, they fodenly cfpied towarde the wefte a Canoa coommynge 
 {\o\\\ FuMtana, M\i\ in it, one of the t'hrillian (a]>tiMcs {\x,\mi:A Ilicnhiiuius Ai/uilliiis) who had lyued feuen 
 yeares in that Ilande. With what ioye they embrafed the one the other, the chance may declare. They were 
 no lefle defyrous to heare, then he to tell of the myffortiuie whiche befell to hym and his coomiianions. And here 
 it fhal not bee greatly from my puqwfe breefely to rchearfe how the thynge chaunced. In my Decades I haue 
 made mention ot a certayne nolle man named I'ahlidiii, whome the Spanyardes wliiche inhabit.'d Datiam in 
 the fiipiwfed continente (jf the gotilf of I'l-iba, fent to the Hand of Ilifpauiola to Colonus the Admiral and viceroy 
 with the refidue of the Senate and counfel there (to whom perteyneth the redrefle and orderynge of all thinges 
 in thefe newe landes) to fygnifye vnto th'tn in what extreme neceflUie and i)enurie they lyued. Vnhappy 
 Valdiu'ht therfore, takynge this matter in ha ul in an euell houre, was with a fudden ami vyolent whirlewinde 
 
\0f tiic Laiidcs and Ilaiides /afc/y fouiide.'] The tliyydc Decade. 
 
 193 
 
 ilO'uen vpiion certayne quickedindus in the profjiccte of the Ilande of lat.iaica, lyinge in the Soiithe fytle of 
 Hifpaniohi and Cuba. Thcfe blind and fwalowyng fandcs, the Spaniardes caule vypers: And that l)y good 
 reafon, bycaiife in them many fli^ppes are entangled, as the lycertes are implycate in the taylcs of the 
 vipers. While the Carauell thus wrefleled with the water, it was fo brufle in funder, that Valdiuia with 
 thirtie of his felowes, coulde fcarfely with muche difficultie defcende into the fhyppe boate: where, without 
 oers, and without fayles, they were caried awaye by the vyolence of the water. For (as we haue faid 
 before in owre Decades) the feas do runne there continually with a vyolent courfe toward( the Weft. 
 They wandered thus. xiii. dayes not knowyng whyther they went nor yet fyndynge any thyng to eate. Famen 
 confumed feuen of them whiche were cafte in the fea to fecde the fyfhe.s. The refydue lykewife in maner 
 confumed by famen and f;iul\nge from one calamitie into an other, were driuen to Iiicatana and fell into the 
 handes of a cruell kynge who llewe I'a/diiiia the gouernour with certayne of his felowes. And when hee had 
 fyrft facrif)ced them to his Ziiiics, fliortely after he eate them with his frindes of that conl'piracie. For they eate 
 oncly thjir enemyes andftraungiers; And doo othtrwife abfteyne from mannes fleflie. In this meane tyme, 
 while Jliironimiis AijiiiUaris with fyxe of his felowes were referued to be facrifyced the thirue da)e, they 
 brooke their bandes, efcaped the hande. <.>f that cruell lyranne, and fledde to an other kynge Ijeyiige his 
 encmye, who receaued ih.em, yet onely as bondemen. It is a ftraunge thinge to hcare of the moother of this 
 Aquillaris. For as foone as (he harde that her foonne was faulen into the handes of '.he nations that eate 
 mannes fleflie, fliee fell mailde incontinent: So that when fo euci after, fliee fawe any meate rollyng at the 
 fyer, or onely ready fpytted to laye to the fyrr, fliee ceafed not to crye out in this maner. O me mofte 
 wretched moother: Behold the members of my fon. But to retume to owre purpofe. When Aquillaris had 
 noH- receaued the gouernours letter fente by the Cozumellane inelTengers, hee declared to the kynge his mayfter 
 (whofe name was TaxiiMnis) what was their erraunt thither, and wherfore they were lent: vfyng in the meane 
 tyme many large difcourfes in exiireffynge the great poure and magnifycence of their kynge who had of late 
 arriued in thofe coalles. Alfo of their himianitie anil gentilneffe toward their frindes and fuche as fubmytted 
 them felues to them, and againe their rygour and fierceneffe ageynft fuche as ftoobernly eyther contemned them 
 or ilenyed their leijuelles. With thefe woordes he broughte Taxmarus into fuche feare, that the maifter was 
 now fayne to del'yre his feruaunt fo to handell the matter that they myght quyetly enter into his dominion as 
 his freentles and not as his enemies. Aquillaris promifed in their behalfe that they fhuld not onely coome in 
 peace, but alfo to ayde hym ageynft his enemyes if neede fliulde fo require. Whervjipon hee difmifled 
 Aquillaris and with hym three of his familiers and coomi)a:iions. Thus they fayled together from Cozunia'la to 
 lumtana to the ryuer whiche they had founde before in the fyrfte vyage thither by the gouernance of .Vlaminus 
 the i)ilot. 'I'hey found the mouthe of the ryuer ftoi)ped with fande, ns wee reads of the ry\ier of Nilus in 
 Fgipte when the wyndes (cauled Etijii) blowe in fummer and efpecially in the canicular dayes. Thcrlbre 
 where as they touUle not enter into the ryuer with the biggefte veffelles (although it bee otherwife apte to 
 receaue great fliypiies) the gouernour caufud two hundreth men to be fette alande with the brigantynes and 
 Ihyppe boates: wyllynge Aquillaris to offer jieace to th[e]inhabitauntes. They demaunded what owre men 
 required. Aquillaris anfwered, vyttayles. There was a longe fpace of fande by the fyile of the towne, whither 
 they w)lled them to reforte, promyfynge to brynge them vyttayles thither the daye folowynge. Owre men 
 wcnte and they came ac:ordynge to their promifle antl brought wiUi them eyght of their hennes beynge as 
 bygge as peacockes, m' brownyflie coloure, and not inferiour to peacockes in pkafaunte taft. They brought 
 alfo a-, muche lipj.ul maile o( Maiy.ium (whiche is a graine not muche vnlyke vnto |)anyke) as wolde fcarcely 
 lerue tenne l.ungrymen: .And here with defyred them to depart. But when tluy 'jerceaued that owri men 
 made no haft away, immediately there came a great coompanye of armed men towarde theyni demaundyi.g 
 what they had to do thus to wander in other mcnnes landes. Owr men made anfwere by Aquillari:, thai they 
 defyred [)eace, vyttayles, and golde for exchaunge of other thinges. They anfwered ageyne, that they wokle 
 nother peace nor warrc with them. But threatned them to auovde the lande excepte they woolde bee 
 diftroyed euery manne. t)wre men fayde that they woulde not dei)arte withowte fuffyciente vyttayles to 
 mayntayne their fuuldyers. 
 
 They appoynted the d.iy folowynge to brynge them more vytayles: but tliey biooke promcfle. Yet 
 pcrceauiiig the fnond day that owre men were encamped on the fande and had repofed there that nyghl, 
 they brought them as much more vytayles, ami cummaunded them in the name of theyr kynge to departe 
 Owre men fayde that they were defyrous to fee the town.-, and to haue ••; . more ftore of vytayles. The Bar- 
 barians denyed t'leyi- requeft, and therwith departed whifi)erynge and mutteryngc amonge them fellies. In the 
 meane tyme owre men wre (lyll fo opprefled with liimger that they were eiifoired to feeke for meate. The 
 Rouernouie therefore fent his viider capitaynes to lande with a hundreth and tyftie men. As they went difperfed 
 in dyucrs comi)anyes about the vylbges of the countrey, the Barb.irians met with one of theyr bandes, and put 
 them to great fliftielfe. Hut when theyr felowes beinge not farre fmm them, harde the noyfe of theyr alarome, 
 
 ! Tlie quickcs-'niles 
 ciulcd vyptr* 
 
 The course of the 
 sea tuwarde the 
 west. 
 
 158 
 
 V.iltliiiin is 
 sai rifiLfii to 
 Idulcs. 
 
 Howe Aquiliiiris 
 escaped 
 
 Kyiigc TaxinHiuft. 
 
 The mmilh nfa 
 ryuur sluppcd with 
 
 "I'lirky hens 
 
 159 
 
 , A (unnute. 
 
 •i 
 
 i ■ 
 
 ni 
 
 ! ! 
 
 
 u 
 
iff 
 
 194 
 
 The thynic Decade. \0f the Landcs and Ilandcs lately JoHudc.\ 
 
 "(I 
 
 \k\\ \ 
 
 k ■ 
 
 % 
 
 it 
 
 lI, • 
 
 ' ^ * I 
 
 y-i* 
 
 The B.irKirbns 
 arc put to flvijht. 
 
 The Rreat townc ofl 
 Pot.inchaiia or 
 Victoria. I 
 
 A townc of x\-v. 
 thousand houses. 
 
 (iiuuiesaud horses. 
 
 The tnan al:d the 
 horse, thnitclil to 
 be one hcai.l. I 
 
 Ceftt(iHr:ts. 
 
 Palaires of 
 iiiarui-liTUs liyiines 
 and wcl bu)'ldcd. 
 
 rhey reccuc owrc 
 rc'.ijiioii. 
 
 160 
 
 A townc of ,1 
 thousind .Hid fync 
 hundred houses. 
 
 they came with all poffihle hade to theyr refcue. The gouernour on the other fyile, placinge his ordinance in 
 the brygantines and fliippe boates, approchcd to the fliore with the refidue of his fouldiers. The Barbarians 
 lykcwife, bcinj;e rcdy fumyfhcd to the battayle, came ninnyngc to the fca fyde to diflurbe theym that they 
 fluilde not coome alande : And with thejT arrowes, wounded manye a farre of vnprepared. The goiiernoiire 
 difcliargcd uboiite. xx. pieces of ordinaunce ageynfle them : Wiui the Haughtcr and terrible thunder wherof, and 
 with the flame of fyer and fmel of brimflone, they were fo afloniflicil and j)iit to fuch fearc, that they fled and 
 difparclcd lyke wyldc bcaflt-.s: whom own' men perfnin^'e, entered the towne which th[e]inhabitantes forfooke 
 in manor for feare of theyr owne men whom they (awe fo difma^ le. On the banke of this r)ucr there is a 
 towne of fuch portentous byggencs as I dare not fpeake. I?ut Alamvius the p)lot, fayth that it contcyncth in 
 circuite fyue hundreth myles, and that it confiRcth of xxv. thoufande houfes. Sume make it fumwhat lefle: 
 But they all agree that it is exceadynge great and notable. The houfes are diuided with gardens, and are 
 buyliled of l\ine and (lone verye artilicially and of cunnynge woorkemaiifliii)pc. To theyr haules, chambers, 
 parlers, or other places of habitation, they afcende by tenne or twelue (Icarcs: And haue certcyne fpaccs betwene 
 euery houfe: fo that it is not lawful for any to lade his neighbours waules with rafters or beanies. Theyr houfes 
 are feparate one from an other by the fpace of three houfes: And are for the more ])arte coucred with reede 
 and thetche: And many alfo with fl.ite or other Hone. The barbarians them fehics conftfkd that they were 
 that day fortie thoufande men at the battayle, which were vantiuiflied of a fewe by reafon of the newe and 
 vnknowcn kynde of feyglit with gunnes and horfes. For the gouernour had vnbarked. xvi. horfes which were 
 alfo at the battayle, and fo fiercely affayled the Barbarians on the backehalfe, that they brake theyr array and 
 fca'ijred them as it had byn tlockes of flieejie, ouerthrowing, woundynge, and kyllviigc them on euery fyde. 
 Whiche thynge the feely wrett lies fo imputed to a miracle, that they had not the poure to occupie theyr wepons. 
 For wheras before they had neuer feene any horfes, they thought that the man on noricbackc and the horfe, 
 had byn all one beafte, as the antii|uitic dyd fable of the monller Caitaiinis. Owr men pofleffed the townc. 
 xxii. dayes where they made good chere vndcr couert, whyle the owners of the houfes lay vnder the firmament 
 and durfl not alTayle owre men who had placed them felues in the flrongefl. parte of the towne, where fume 
 kepte contiiiuall watche (leaft the Barbarians fluilde foodenly inuade theini) whyle other gaue them felucs to 
 refle and fleepe. Th[e]inhabitantes caule this towne J\'/<iih/iiViii : But owre nun for the victorie which they 
 obteyned here, named it Victoiia. It is a niaruelous thynge to confler the greatenes, magnificence and finenes 
 of the buyldiiige of certeyne palaices they haue in the countrey to the which they reforte fumtynics for theyr 
 folace and paflyme. Thefe are curioufly buylded with many plealiiunt diuifes, as galeries, folars, turrettes, 
 portals, gutters with chambers boorded after the maiier of owre waynfcotte and well flowred. F'oureofowT 
 Spanyardes went into one of them of fuch greatnes, that they wandered in the fame for the fpace of foure hourcs 
 before thoy coulile fynde the wayc owt. At the length by th[c]interi>retours and certeyne captiues owre men 
 fent for the kynge and fuche rulers as were nexte vnder hym in autoritie, wyllyng them to fubniyt them felues and 
 to coonie into the towne vnarnied. Ciyuinge the melTengers further in commaundement to certifie tlioni that in 
 their fo doiii^'c, they woide conuiKn with them as concernynge conditu)ns of peace, and reflore them theyr 
 towne. They came gladly, and entered euery man into his owne houfe vpjron condition that they fluilde euer 
 thereafter ablleyne from fuch cerimonies and horrible facrifices of mans fleflie to deuils the mortal enemies to 
 mankynd, whofe Images they honoured. And to directe the eyes of theyr myniles to Chrifle owre god the maker 
 of heauen and earth, who was borne into this world of a virgin, and fuffered death on the crofle for the 
 redemption of mankynde. And fynally to profefle them felues fubiectes to the great Chriflian kynge of Spayne. 
 They jiromyfed both, and were inlltucted as farre as the fliortenes of tyme wolde permitte. Beinge thus 
 reflored. they recompenfed owre men with many rewardes: Suppofynge fiiche men to be fent from heauen, 
 which being fo fewe in numlier, durfl. atteni|)te battayle ageynfl fo great a multitude. They gaue owre men 
 alfo certeyne g !o and twentie flaues. Dcp.iriing therefore from henfe, and coaflynge flyll alonge by the 
 fame fliore, they 1 anie agoyne to the goulfe whit lie Ahuniitiis the pylot founde before vnder Urifaltia. This 
 they nametl Bian Saiifli li^htinnis, \\\M. is, Saynt lohns goulfe: For JUan in the Spi'^iyflie tonge fignifieth a 
 goulfe. Here th[c]inhabitantes reforted to them peaceably. Abnute a niyle frome the fliore, was a towne of 
 a thoufande and fyue hundreth houfes fituate vppon a liyll. They profered owre men halfe the towne if they 
 wolde dwel with them for euer. This perhaps they dyd the railier eyther fearynge th[e]exemple of th[e]in- 
 habitantes of rotauchaiia, the fame wherof myght haue coonie to theyr eares, or els hopynge that vnder the 
 fliadowe of fuche valiant nienne, they myght obteyne ayiie and (iiccour ageynfl theyr enemies and bortherers. 
 For (as I haue fayde before) they dyflroye one an other with cuntinuall warre for the defyre to inlarge theyr 
 dominions. Owre men refufed (lerpetM ill h.ibiiacion, and accepted theyr frendely profer fji a tyme. As they 
 came alande, the jieople fohjwed them on euery fyde with bouwes in theyr handes ' ich they helde ouer owre 
 mens heatles to defende them from the rayne as though they had walked in a coainual arbour. Here tney 
 cncamiK'd. And leall the rcfidnc Icftc in the Ihipjics, fluilde in the meane tyme waxe flothcfull with Idlencs, 
 
 114 
 
\Of the Laiidcs and Ilaiidcs lately foiiiiiic?\ The thynie Decade. 
 
 the gouernour gaac commaundcment to Alaminits the pylot and Francis Montegius to fearch tiie wefl partes 
 of that lande, whyle he relieued the weriid fouldiers and healed fuche as were wounded. To them that went 
 forward on this vy.ige, he affigncd two brigantines with fiftie men. Vnto tins goulfe, the courfe of the water 
 was gentyl enough and moderate. Hut wlien they had fayled a lyttle further towarde the Wefle, they founde 
 the fea runnynge with fo fwift a courfe as if it were a great ryuer faulynge from the tops of hygh mountaynes: 
 In fo mucli tliat in a fliorte fpace of tyme it caried them fiftie myles from theyr felowes. Wiien they were now 
 entered into this violent flreame of ii.e water, they fawe on their left hand a large playne fea which mette with 
 the courfe of the other waters faulynge from the wefle. And lyke as two great ryuers that runne contrary 
 waves, make a vehement conflycte where tliey meete, fo feemed the waters commyng from the Southe to refyfl 
 thefe waters as enemyes that had entered into the ryght or poflfelTyon of an other. On the contrary parte, they 
 fawe the lande reachynge farre bothe on the lefte hande and on the rygiit. In this flrife betwene the waters, 
 they were fo tofled on bothe lydes and entangled with whirlepooles, that they longe wreflled with owte hope 
 of lyfe. At the length with muche dilhcultie, turnynge the (lemmes or forpartes of their fliyppes ageynfl the 
 (Ireame fiom whenfe they came, and labourynge al that they myght with their oers and fayles, they coulde 
 fcarfely ouercoome the rage of the water: In fo much that where as they thought that they had in one nyght 
 fayled twoo myles, they founde that they were dryuen backe foure myles. Yet at the length with goddes 
 helpe, they ouercame this daungerous contlycte. They fpente. xxii. dales in this lyttle fpace of fea: And when 
 they were nowe returned to their felowes, declared vnto them that that cnde was the land of Colliiacaiui whiche 
 they adiudged to be parte of the fuppofed continent. The lande whiche they fawe a farre of before their 
 fafe, they fuppofed eyther to be annexed to owre continent, or to bee ioyned to the large North regions 
 cauled BaccaUios, wherof we haue made mention in owr Decades in the vyage of Sebaftian Cabote. 
 This matter is yet doiibtefuU. But wee trufte it fhall once bee better knowen. While Alaminus and 
 Montegius fearched thefe fecrcates, the kynge of the prouince (whofe name was Multoxumam) fent owre 
 men by one of his chiefe offycers (beynge alfo his Lieuetenaunt of the fayde towne) many r}che and 
 goodly prefentes of golde, fyluer, and [jrecious floones, fette and wroughte after a marueylous llraunge 
 deuyfe and with no leffe cunnynge woorkeman.liyp. Here they determined to fende melTengiers to owre 
 newe Empcrour to knowe his pleafure that they myght in this prouince plant a newe colonie or habita- 
 tion. And this dyd they withowle th[e];iduife of Die^tis Vclafqiien the gouernour of the Hand of Cuba 
 Firnamiina, who fyrlle fente them foorth with commaundement to returne ageyne after they had fearched thefe 
 regions and obteyned plentie of golde. While they confulted hereof, they were of dyuers opinions. But the 
 mofle part alleaged that in this cafe it was not reciuifyte to make the gouernour of their counfaile. Forafmuche 
 as the matter fliulde be referred to a higher Judge, as to the kyng of Spaine him felfe. When they were thus 
 agreed, they receaued vyttayles of the gentle kyng of the prouince, and afligneil the j)lace of their colonie twelue 
 myles from the fayde towne, in a fruleful antl holfome foyle. For their generall gouernour, they elected 
 Cortefius the gouernour of the nauye, againd his wyll as fum faye. For other niagiflrates to gouerne the citie 
 which they intended to build he choofe I'orlucarerius and Montegius of whome we haue made mention before. 
 They chofe alfo certeyne melTengiers to fende to the kyng by the conduction of Alaminus the pylot. 
 Furthermore, foure of the jirinces of this prouince offered them felues wyllyngly to go with owre men into 
 Spaine to th[e]intent to fee owre landes anil that kynge whofe poure is foo great and whofe auctoritie reacheth 
 fo farre. They brought lykewife two women with them, which ferued and obeied them in all thinges after the 
 maner of theyr countrey. The people of this nation is of broune or yelowyflie colour. Bothe the men and the 
 women haue pendauntes of gold and precious flones hanginge at their eares. The men alfo, boore their nether 
 lyppes full of holes from the vi)permofle i)arte of the lyppe euen vnto the nethermoRe parte of the gumme. At 
 thefe they hange certeyne rynges and plates of golde and fyluer faftned to a fmaule and thynne plate lyinge 
 within betwene the lippe and the gumme. At the byggefl hole in the mytldell of the lip, there hangeth a 
 rounde plate of fyluer as brode as the coyne cauled a Corolyne, and as thicke as a manncs fynger. I do not 
 remember that euer I fawe any thynge that feemed more fylthy in myne eye. Yet ilo they thynke that there is 
 nothing more cumly vnder the circle of the moone. Wherby we may fee howe \ainely mankynde wandereth 
 in his owne blyndneffe. The Ethiopian thincketh the blatke colour to be fayrer then the white: And the white 
 man thinketh otherwife. They that are pouled, thinke that more decent then to weare a bufli and they that 
 weare beardes, iudge it a deformiiie to be fliauen. As appetite therfore moueth, and not as reafon perfwadeth, 
 men runne after vanities: And eaery prouynce is ruled by their owne fenfe, as writeth faint Jerome. F'rom 
 whenfe they haue their golde, we haue fpoken fuH'u iently before. But as owre men marueyled where they had 
 their fyluer, they fliewed them certayne highe mountaynes whiche are continually couered with fnowe fauynge 
 that at certeyne tyines of the yeare, the onely tojjpes are feene bare bicaufe the fnow is there molten by reafon 
 of the thicke and warme cloudes. The playnes therfore, or mylde, fofte, and pleafaunt mountaynes feeme to 
 brynge foortlie golde: And the rough craggye mountaynes with their coulde valleyes, are the places where fyluer 
 
 195 
 
 An other vyagc nf 
 two lirvg. in tines 
 and fiftie men. 
 
 Where the sea 
 runneth swyftly 
 from the K.ist to 
 the West. 
 A conflict betwene 
 the waters 
 coiiininiK from the 
 west and from the 
 south. 
 
 A (langerou<i ami 
 peinefull vy.ii;e. 
 
 The land of 
 
 Cullujcana. 
 
 The land of 
 It.iccalcos or 
 H.icailearum 
 Kych presentes uf 
 golite and prccioui 
 stuneii. 
 
 161 
 
 A newe cnlimte. 
 
 This f "nrtesiin 
 hath wrillen a 
 Imukc .)f ihcte 
 thinges 
 
 Tliey weare rj-ngei 
 and platen at ther 
 lyppe*. 
 
 The dyuers 
 phantasies uf muu. 
 
 Sytuer 
 
 Ni'if where Rold 
 nml syUn-T arc 
 cnt(cudcreii 
 
 ; 1 
 
 \m 
 
 )■ 
 
 ■ \ ■ 
 
 '■ 
 
 ■ t 
 
 ;| 
 
 i 
 
 PI 
 
 ' 't 
 
 ■I 
 
 ; ! 
 
if , 
 
 fi 
 
 ! "A 
 
 '■'■ \ 
 
 \\ ] I 
 
 196 
 
 I iltinke thU hlon 
 to l>e sum kyndc 
 of pure copjMir, or 
 els ciippcV- that 
 holdctti goldc. Kor' 
 latnn is annrtilii:ial| 
 met.il, and hath n>i 
 natitrall myna 
 Theyr bokcs 
 
 162 
 
 Thcyr Iciters 
 
 What U contc -ncd 
 ill tliL'yr Lfuok-s. 
 
 Temples rythly 
 ailuunicd. 
 
 Prayer. 
 
 Thty Mcryfice 
 chytilrcn .tiid 
 captiiicii. 
 
 A wrnnge w.iy to 
 litaucii 
 
 t)lu>ldy gods 
 
 /V//(i /\u\a. 
 Siuti/a Xona. 
 
 Ther.rr.--f,in 
 
 Theyr pttesti lyue 
 cha^t 
 
 FajfKutt of bonen. 
 
 VV/c thynie Dcccnic. \0f the Lnndcs ami Hainie^' lately foiiiuicr\ 
 
 is engendered. Tliey haue alfo laton, •vherof tliey make fiich maces and hammers as are vfed in the warres. 
 l)yK,'-!ynge niattockcs alfo, and fpades: for they haue nother Iren nor (leele. But lettc vs nowe fjieake of the 
 prefcntes fente into Spayne to the kjiig: and fyrlle of the bokcs. Thefe procuratours therfore of the newe 
 colonic of the prouynce of Cothiacivia, emong other their prefentos. liroiight alfo a great number of bookcs, the 
 leaues wherof are made of the inner ryndes or barkes of trees, thinner then eyther that of the elinc or of the 
 falowe. Thefe they fmere or annoint with the pytche of molten Bitumen, and while they be fofte, extend them 
 to what forme them lyfleth. When they be coulde and harde, they nibbe them oner with a certeyne playfter. 
 It is to bee thoughte that they beate the playfler into fine floure, and fo temjierynge it \>'ith fum byndynge 
 moifler, to make a crude therwith vppon the leaues, wheron they wryte with any fliarpe inrtrument, and blotte 
 the fame againe with a fpungj or fum fuche other thynge, as marchaunt men and noble mens flewardes are 
 accuflomed to do with their wrytynge tables made of the woodde of fygge trees. The leaues of their bokes 
 are not fet in order after the maner of owres, but are extended many cubettes in length. The matters 
 whiche they wryte, are conteyned in f(|uare tables: Not loofe, but fo bounde togither with the toughe 
 and tlexible cley cauletl Biiiiiiiai, that they feeme lyke woodden tables whiche had byn vnder the handes 
 of cunnyng bokebynders. \Vhi( h way fo eiier the booke lyeth o])i'n, there ar'.' two leaues feene and two fydes 
 written, with as many lyinge hyd vnilcr them, cxcci)te the Iwoke be vnfoulded in length. For vnder one leafe 
 there are many leaues ioyned togyther. The formes of their letters are nothyngc lyke vnto owres. But are 
 muche more crooked and entangeled, lyke vnto fyfliehookes, knottes, fnares, flarres, dife, fyles, and fuche other 
 inurhe lyke vnto the KgiiUian letters, and written in lynes lyke vnto owres. Here and there betwenc the 
 lynes, are jjictured the fliapes of men ami dyuers beaftes: And efpecially the Images of kynges and other noble 
 men. Wherby it is to be thought that in fuche booki-s, the factes of their kynges are conteyneil as wee fee the 
 lyke emonge vs howe owre printers expreffe the fumme of hillories in |)ictures, that men may therby be the 
 more allured to bye fnche bookes. The couerynges of their bookcs are alfo artifycially wrought and jiaynted. 
 When they are fliutte, they feeme to differre nothynge from owres in forme. In thefe bookes are furthermore 
 comprehended their lawes, rytes of ceremonies and facrifyces, annotations of .'Vftronomie, accompte.s, compu- 
 tations of tymes, witii the maner of grafTynge, fowyng, and other thynges perteinyng to hulbandry. They 
 Ijegynne the yearc from the goyngc downe of the feuen flarres cauled ViTi^i/ue or I'lekiiks: And counte theyr 
 monethes accordyng to the moones. They name a moneth, Tomi, of the mocjne. For in theyr language, they 
 caule the moone Toiia, they reken the dayes by the foonnes. I'herfore as many dales as they name, they faye, 
 fo many foonnes. The foonne in their tonge, is cauled Tonaticv. They dellribute the yeare (without any 
 reafon why) into twentie monethes: And the moneth into as many dayes. The temples whiche they freciuenl, 
 they adoiirne with golden hangynges and other ornamentes of golde ami fyluer with (irocious (lones intennixte. 
 At the f|)ringe of the daye, they (ierfume their tem[)les with frankenfence and make their ])raiers before they 
 take in haiide any other bufynelTe. liut oh horrible crueltie. For th[e]inlial)itaiuites of all thefe tractes alfo, 
 doo facrilyce children to their Moles in lyke maner as wee haue fayde before. At fuche tyme as the feedcs 
 lye in the ground, and when the come begynneth to Ihewe foort'i the eare, they dellinate to their Zt'incs fuche 
 bondmen as they haue bought, or fuihe captiues as they haue taken in the warres, which they facrifyce after 
 that they haue made them great chiere and decked them in [irecious ai)|iarell. Alfo betore they facrifyce thefe 
 poore wretches, they lead them al)out the towne whyle al the peoi)le falute them humbly and reuerently, 
 affyrmyng that in (horte fpace, they Ihalbe receaued into the coompanye of the goddes. They honour their 
 ZfiHts with an other fliarp kind of deuotion: For they lette them felues bludde, eyther in the tonge, lyjis, eares, 
 legges, tliyghes, or bred, which they take in their handes and hurle it vppe towarde heauen, foo that with the 
 faule therof the pauement of the temi)le is all fparcled with bludtle, wherby they thincke that their goddes arc 
 well ple;;fed. From the newe colonic (cauled VU/a Kh\a) nyne myles didante, there is a towne of. xv. 
 thoufande houfes, whiche th[e]inhabitauntes caulc Ciinolui/, but owre men named it Sji'Mt. The kynge of 
 this towne had fyuc men whiche he referued to be facrifyced. Whom when owre men wold haue delyuered, 
 the kynge ni.ade humble re(|ued to them, fayinge that if they tooke aw.aye fuche men as he had confecrated to 
 be ottered to the goddes, they fliulde brynge vtter dellruction to hym and all his kyngdome. For if owre 
 facrifyces (fayd he) do ceafe, owre /ic/ni-s wyll take fuche ilifpleafure with vs that they wyll differ owre conie, 
 graffes, and frutes, to bee confumed of woormes, fcortched with drowth, dedroyed with fluddes, or bladcd with 
 lyghtnynge. Owre men ])erceauynge his ernednelTe herein, thought it bede to chofe the lead euel, perceauynge 
 that it was yet no tyme to ilifi|iiyet their myndes, and therfore fulVorcd them to exercife their accudomed 
 ceremonies. And althoiighe their i)riedes promyffe theym immortall glorie, eternall felicytie, and pcrpetuall 
 conuerfation with the goddes ader the dormye dayes of this lyfe, yet do they with heauy countenaunces giue 
 eare to their promifies, and had rather be fette at lybertie. Their priedes are named Quines in the plurell 
 number, and Quin in the fyngular. They ieade a pure and chade lyfe: And are honoured of the people with 
 feare and reuerence. They make fagots of th ; bones of their encmyes which they haue taken in the warres, 
 196 
 
 
\0f the La/idcs and Ilandcs lately foimde.'] 77ie tliyrde Decade. 
 
 197 
 
 
 and liange vppu the fomc at the fecte of tlieir Zcmcs, as tokens of the victories ol)te)ne(l by their faiioiir. To 
 thefe they adde certayne titles and fiiperfcrijitions as tefliraonies of the fame. This is llraunge and woorthy to 
 be noted, that when their children are a yeare oulde, the prielles in their temples with deuoute ceremonies and 
 murmurynge woordes, poiire water in forme of a crofle \ pon their heades w ith a cruet, wherby they feeme to 
 baptife them. Neyther do they as the lewcs and Turkes, thinke their temjjles polluted if any of a flraunge 
 relygion bee prefent at their facrifyces and other folemnities. M'ee haue nowe fpoken fuffycientcly of their 
 bookes, temples, and fuperRitions. Lette vs nowe therfore coome to the other i)refentes which were brought 
 to the kynge. Kmonge thefe, there were twoo broode and rounde ])lates (whiche fumme haue named the 
 Images of the foonne and moone) the one of filuer and the other of gold in largeneffe and roundneffe muche 
 lyke to the ftones of hand mylles: yet but thynne, and in nianer bolhe of one of circumference, that is. xxviii. 
 fjjanncs in circuite. 
 
 That of golde is of the weyght of three thoufande and. viii. lunidreth Caflellans, where as wee haue fayde 
 before that a Caflellane is a coyne of golde which weyelh more than a Ducate by a trient, that is the thyrde 
 parte of a pounde. In the center of this, was the Image of a kynge of halfe a cubette longe, fyttinge in a 
 t[h]rone and appareled to the knee, I)ke vnto a maumette, with fuch countenaunce as owre paynters are wonte 
 to iiaynte fayries or fprites. About the Image, were the fliapes of trees and floures, fo that it feemed to fyttc as 
 though it had byn in a fielde. The other of fyluer, was made to the fame fimilitude, beinge alfo in maner of 
 the fanv; weyght, and both of i)ure metall. They brought Ijkewyfe certeyne graynes of rude golde (that is, 
 fuche as was neuer molten) about the byggencs of fytches or the pulfe cauled lintels in token of [ilentie of natiue 
 golde. Alfo two cheynes of golile, wherof the one conteyned. viii. lynkes in the whiche were fet two hundreth 
 threefcore and twoo fayre and cleare redde Rones, and yet no rubyes: funhermore, a hundrethe fourefcore and 
 three greene Clones, and yet no emerodes. Neuertheleffe, thefe are in lyke ellimation w ith them as the other are 
 with vs. At the edge of this cheine, there hangc. xxvii. golden belles, hauynge betwene euery of them, fourc 
 iewels of precious (lones inclofed in golde, at euery of the which in lyke maner hange certeyne fpangels of golde. 
 The other cheyne confiReth onely of foure golden lynkes, befet rounde about with a hundreth and two reilile 
 Hones, anil a hundreth threefcore and twehie greene flones, with. xxvi. golden belles curioufly wrought and 
 placed in comely order. In the verye myddell of the cheyne, are ten great precious flones inclofed in golde, 
 at the whiche alfo hange a hundrethe golden pendauntes of cunnynge woorkemanfliippe. They brought 
 furthermore twelue paire of lether bul'kynnes of diners colours, fumme imbrothered with gold and fumme with 
 fyluer, with plates and iewellcs of golde and precious flones inclofed, anil at euery of them certayne golden 
 belles. Alfo certe\ne myters befette with precious (loones of dyuerfe colours, enionge the whiche fume are 
 blewe like vnto faiihires. Of crelTes, gerdles, and fannes m.ade of felhers, I wotte not what I fluikle faye. liut 
 fuerly if euer the wyttes and inuentions of men haue deferued honoure or commendacion in fuche artes, thefe 
 feeme niolle woorthy to bee had in admiracion. I do not maruaile at golde and precious flones. 15ut am in 
 maner allonyflieil to fee the wooikenianlliyppe cxcell the fubl\ai!ce. For I haue with woonderynge eyes 
 beheldc a thoufande formes and fmiilitudes, of the which I am not able to wryte. And in my iudgemcnt, I 
 neuer fawe any thing whofe bewtie myght fo allure the eyes of men. .As they niarueyled at the naturall bewtie 
 of the fethcrs of owTe peacockes and ])hea(antes, fo dyd we no leffe maruel at the ariifycial bewtie of fuche 
 thinges as they make of fethers and (piilles .npaled with polile. I'or I fa«e in manye of their woorkcs, all 
 maner of natiue colours cucn in the ([uilles wherof they make fudie inflrunientes. They brought alfo two 
 helmettes garnyfllieil with ])re( ious flones of a whiteflie blewe colour. One of thefe is edged with belles and 
 plates of golde, and vnder euery bell two knobbes of gi'Me. 'Ihe other, liefyde the flones wherwith it is 
 couered, is lykewyfe edged with. xxv. golden belles and knobbes: and lath on the crell, a greene binl with 
 the feete, bylle, and eyes, of golde. Alfo foure fpeares muche lyke vnto troute fpeares or yele fpeares, the 
 woodde wherof is all cohered with ([uilles of diuers colours marueiloully wrethed with golden wyers and 
 plates interniyxte. I'.uery of thefe fpeares haue three pikes, whofe edges or teeth are all of precious Rones 
 made fiRe with wyers of golde. Of like woikmanRiip they brought a great fcep'er b\ fet with precious Roones 
 and belles of gold, alfo a braRet of gold, and fliowcs made of a hartes fkynne, fowed and imbrothered with 
 golilen wyers, with a white fole beneth. I'urthermore a gl.ilTe of a bryglit blewe Rone, and an other of white, 
 both enclofed in golde. I.ikewife a precious Rone of the kynde of them th.it are cauled .S//////i,r.v, inclofed in 
 golde. Furthermore the heade of a great lyfarde, two great Rielles, two diickes, the Riapes of diuers other 
 byrdes, foules, and fyfRies, and all of mallie golde. Furthermore, xxiiii. rounde and f(|uare targettes, Riieldes, 
 and buckelers of golde, ami fyue of fyluer. .\lfo a triple crowne of |)lates and wyers of golde marueylouRye 
 wreathed with quiUes and fethers of diuers colours, h.ruiiig on the fronte a plate of golde on the whiche is 
 grauen the Image of the Idole /iiiit-s. About this Image, hange foure other jil.ites like crolfes of gold in the 
 whiche are grauen the heades of diners beaRes, as lyons, tygers, wouUies, and fuch other. They brought alfo 
 the fymihtudes of certeyne beaRes made fumme of roddes or twygges, and fum of woodde with the beaRes owne 
 
 k 2 x,,f 
 
 163 
 
 A fy^ure of 
 b.ipti:>nie. 
 
 The prcscntcs sent 
 
 intu Sjiayuc to tlie 
 
 kjngc. 
 
 'I'ltci IinnRL's , f 
 
 [^uld ami ?.> liii r. 
 
 Two rhfincB of 
 K'llft iii.iiiii Iiiiisly 
 by^L-t Willi jin.'! ious 
 iiluiics and icwul:^ 
 
 Ilii^Ivyiis. 
 
 Mylcrs. 
 
 HmW c.tn wr rlMii 
 raiil tliL-rn lic.i^dy 
 or )iarl>aroiis. 
 
 Iftlicy hail 
 clianci;il tlicir 
 Kdld for o»u: li'.it, 
 ihcy li.ul ii'.t ^o 
 suulicl'yiibtdiditcd. 
 
 Q.i\ne«. 
 
 Iltjiniets, 
 
 A l>ynlc. 
 
 A s' filter. 
 A lir.i-tleL 
 
 164 
 
 ItyrclcH, foiilc"!, aniJ 
 
 f>>.-.ln:s uf goUl. 
 
 Targets, etc. of 
 
 «old. 
 
 A cruwiR- (if ^;olili.' 
 
 Crosses. 
 
 
 'it 
 
 W 
 
1 98 
 
 The tliyrde Decade. \0f the Landes and Ihiiides hife/y /oimde.'] 
 
 1.1 1 
 
 rsil 
 
 ! 
 
 \ 1 
 
 i 1 
 • i 
 
 
 ■ ( 
 
 
 .1 , 
 
 : 
 
 ■| ' 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 I' 
 
 IinafjcK of bcttstcs. 
 
 Shictcs. 
 
 Clnth (if arr.is, 
 AsuuMycrscluokc 
 
 Reycilcr; nf the 
 
 thkl.imij-rcsiif 
 I luti.l. 
 
 'rilfi'lllHnriliu nf 
 tllC l.ilJUctCIKIllllt. 
 
 Tlie Rjianynriics 
 of U.iricii.i. 
 
 Anti'/tiit. 
 
 Pctnis Ari.is 
 whom tlic 
 S|i.iny.iriic^ iMjue 
 Pctlr.iri.is. 
 'I'his st-a the 
 sp.mvar'ii> Ciiule 
 M.ir.lul »ur. 
 
 165 
 
 t'ontcnlinn 
 
 anj I'tlrus Ari.i^. 
 
 IVtnis Ari ts 
 i-oiMiii.iiKlcth lli:)t 
 V.ivthiis be pill 
 to 'lu.ull. 
 
 Vaschus is 
 
 Vaschus is put to 
 death. 
 
 fkynncs thcron, and garnyfniecl with coUcrs of laton belles. Lykewife diners fliietes weaned of gofTamiiyne 
 cotton of fiindry colours, wherof tvo ai-e rychcly frynged with golde and precious ftones, and three other with 
 quilles and fethers intermyxte with goffanipine cotton of fundrye colours and chekcred lyke the panes of a 
 chelle borde. Sum are on the one fyde, of blacke, white, and rcdde colours: and on the other fyde, plaine 
 without any varietie. Other fuin, are wrought in lyke maner with variable colours with a wheele or circle of 
 blacke in the niydded intermyxte with fliyning fethers and fparkes of golde lyke llarrcs, 'I'hey brought alfo 
 cloth of Aras or Verdure of marueylous workmanfliyiipe. Likewife a fouldiers cloke fuche as their prynces 
 wcare in the warres, with certeyne priuye coates of fence, and fundrye tirementes pcrteynyng to their heades, 
 with alfo many fuche other thynges more bewtifull to the eye then ryche or precious, wherof to entreate par- 
 ticularly, it llioidde be more tedious then jirofytable. I Ictte palTe here alfo to f|)eake of many jjarticular 
 nauigations and of the trauailes and daungers whid-.e they fulleyneil in the lame, with the monilers and 
 recreates of nature they fawe ; whiche are all conteyned in the regeflers of owre Senate of th[e]alTayres of India, 
 owte of the whiche I haue felected thefe fewe annotations, fuche as feemed to nie mofle meete to bee jniblifnied. 
 Notwithllandyng thefe ryche and goodly prelcntes, yet were they that brought them, and Mo Cur/ijhis \.\\m 
 gouernour of the nauye and autour of erectinge their newe colonic in tliofe remote regions, adiudged by the 
 Senate to haue doen ageinft ryght and equitie, in that they attemiited the fame withowte lh[e]aduice of the 
 gouernour of the Ilande of Cuba who fente them foorthe by the kyngcs auctoritie, where as they dyil other 
 thinges befyde their commylTyon, ye allhoughe they wente to the kynge, not fyrfl knowynge his pleafure whom 
 the kyng had Kibllitute his I.ieuetenaunt in that Ilande. In fo muche that by his procuratour, he accufed 
 them before the Senate as fugitiue theeues and traytours. They on the other parte alleaged that they had dooen 
 the kyng beter feruyce then he: And that they had fliewed fuffycient obedience in ai)pealyng to the kyng as 
 the hvgher ludge. liut the gouernour rei|uireil by the vertue of his commiMion and the kinges letters ])atteiites 
 that they niyght be headed for their difobcdience ageinll hym whom they knewe to be autorifed by the 
 kynge. They ageine rcplietl that they had not oflendetl the kyng, but rather deferued rewarde for their great 
 danglers and trauails. Bothe the rewarde and punilhment were deferred, and a daye a])|iointed when bothe 
 parlies flioulde bee harde. Leete vs nowe therfore roonie to the Si)aniardesof Diirkiia, th[e]inhabitours of the 
 goulfe of I'laba in the fuppofed Continent. We Ii e fayde before that Dai'uiui is a ryuer runn)nge towarde 
 the ^\'efle fyde of the goulfe of Viciha. On the li.uike of this ryuer, the Spaniardes |)la.itcd theyr fyrll colonic 
 or habitation after they had vanciuiflhed kynge C/nn.iiiriis. This colonic they named Sitiiilti Maria Aiiliqiia, 
 by reafon of a vowe whiche they made to the virgine iMarie in the tyme of the battaile ageynfl Cluiiiacais. To 
 thefe (as wee haue made mention in the cnde of owre decades) w\is J'etrus Arias fente with a thoufande and two 
 hundreth men at the rc(|uefl of Vafchtis Nuniuz Ba/ihhi, who was then the gouernour of Dariaia, and the 
 fyrll that found and difcoured the large South fea heretofore vnknowen. Wee haue alfo declared how at the arriual 
 of J'ltriis Arias the newe gouernour, he deuided his armye into Centurions, that is, cai)itaines ouer huncbvthes, 
 whom hee fent foorth dyuers waies. What tragedies folowed hereof, I wyll abfolue in fewe woordes, bycaufe all are 
 horrible and vnpleafaunte. For fence we fynyflied owre Decades, there hath byn none other then kyllynge, 
 lleyinge, murtherynge and accufinge. The kynge maile Vafchiis gouernoure but diirynge his pleafure. 1 1 is courage 
 was fuel), and his f.ictes fo notorious, that he ctjulde not longe abyde the hautynes o( J\/riis Arias. To bee breefe, 
 theyr faulynge owte and difcoril confounded al thynges. John Cacedus the pulpitte frjer of the order of (iiynt 
 Frances, dyd his vttermofle endeuour to make them frendes, ])roniyfynge vnto I'afclius the dow,L;hter o{ J\'friis 
 Arias to wyfe. lUit no mcanes coulde be founde howe thefe two which bore the chiefe rule, myght bee brought 
 to agreement. At the length the matter grewe to fuch extremitie, that Pitnis Arias fyndynge occafion of 
 (luerelynge ageynrte I'afchiis, fent proceffe to the maiellrates of the towne, wherby he connnaunded them to 
 flrangle I'a/Jiiis, and fyue other which were chiefe cajjitaynes vnder hym: Alleagynge tluit they and their 
 confetherates confpired to rebel in the South fea: And that I'afchiis hym felfe for that intente, had buylded and 
 furnillied foure fliippcs to fearch the fouth coaRes of the fu|)pofed continent: .Mfo that to his three hundreth 
 fouldiers and comjianions which he had with hym, he fliulde fpeake woordes of this effecic as foloweth. My 
 frendes, and felowes of my longe peynes and trauayles: Howe longe fliall we be fubiectc to the conmiaunde- 
 ment of other, fythe wee haue bydilen the brunt and oucrcumme th[e]enteri)rife for the whiche this newe 
 gouernour was fent with fo great a multitude? Who can any longer abyde his prytle am' 'nfolencie? I.ette vs 
 therefore folowe thefe coalles whyther fo euer fortune Ihall dryue vs: .And among thefe fo many pleafaunt and 
 fruteful prouini es of this large lande, let us chofe one in the whidi.; wee m;iye with libertie fpende that portion 
 of owre lyues whii:h yet remayneth. \\'ho can fynde vs, or llialbe able to profer vs vyolence? When thefe or 
 the l\ke woordes were declared to J'rlnis Arias, he fente to the Southe partes for I'a/i/iiis, wyllynge hym by 
 the vertue of his commillion to repayre to him foorthwith. Vafihiis obeyed, and at his commynge was calle in 
 pryfon : yet conllantly denyinge that euer he entended any fuche thynge. WytnelTes were brought ageynfl hym, 
 and his wordes rehearfed from the begynnynge To conclude, he was iudged woorthy death, anil was put lo 
 
 
 .1 ' - « : 
 11/ i 1 I 
 I'.. ■ '- '- f 
 
\Of the f. nudes and llmidcs Infc/y fo/tndc.'] The thyrdc Decade. 
 
 199 
 
 execution. And this is the rcwarile whcrwith the blymle godilclTi; oftentynics reconipenfuth fiich as haiie 
 fullc')iiL'(l great trauayles and daungioiirs to hee hjghly in her lauoure. J'llnis Arias leauynge his wyfe in 
 Dariiihi, eniharked liym felfe in the niii)iies lel't of I'afclius, to th[e]intent to fearche thofe coafles. liiit 
 wliether lie be returned or not, we haue yet no certeyne knoweleage. He liath alfo his fortune. Yet is there 
 an other gouernour al'figned, whofe name is Lupus Sofa, the viceroye of the liandes of Caiiaiie. What lloniake 
 Pclrus Arias may iiaue yf he returne, let good men iudge. There was nothyng tloone vnder h)m woorthy 
 glorie. Sunie thynke that he was at the bcgynnyng fo flacke and neghgent in his office, and not feuere in 
 correctynge errours and miforders. liut we wyll leaue him and rehearfe fumwliat wherof we haue byn lately 
 informed as touchynge the great and diepe ryuer of Dabaiba, the whiche for tlie greatnes and largenes therof, 
 owre men named Graiidis, that is, great, as we haue noted in owre Decades. 'J'his riuer fauleth into the 
 furthell corner of the goulfe of I'raha by feuen portes or niowthes as dootii the ryuer oi Xilus into the Kgyptian 
 fea, whofe large defcription yowe may alfo reade in owre Decades. 'I'iiat the niountayncs on euery fyde about 
 this ryuer, are rych in golde, we haue learned by th[e]informalion of lh[e]inhabitauntes, of whom we made 
 diligent inipiifition. ]'aJ\lius,'ix\A befyde hym other gouernoures and I.ieuetenauntes, haue fuure tymes entered 
 into this ryuer with theyr armyes in battayle array, and with dyuers kyndes of fliijipes fyrlle for the fpaie of 
 fortie myles, then fyftie, and at the lall fourefcorc, at an other tyme alfo ouerthwarte the ryuer. Oh fliauiefull 
 chaunce and detellable couwardenes of owre men. A naked nation eneounterynge with them that had apparell, the 
 armed ageynlle the vnarmeil, had the ouerihrowe in maner in all conlli( tes, anil were other all llayne or wounded. 
 They vfe inuenemed arrowes, and are fu( he experte archers, that if they elpye any [ilace of theyr enemie bare or 
 vnarmed, they wyll not lyghtlyfayle to llryke him there. They vfe alfo manydartes, which in the tyme of the battayle 
 they luirle fo ihickeafarre of, that they take thelyght of the fonnefrom theyr enemies as it were with a clowde. They 
 haue lykewife brode and longe fwoordes made of a heauie and harde kinde of woodde, wherewith they feyght fier- 
 cely neare at hande. / 'afcltus hym felfe receaued many woundes in eneounterynge with them. And thus by reafon 
 of the fiercenes of thefe barbarians, the ryuer vii Dabaiba is yet lefte vnfearchetl. We wil nowe fpeake fumwliat 
 more of the Hand of H ifpaiiiola (\\\\\<\\ the Spanyardes caule Spagiiuola) the moother and chiefe of al other landes 
 or liandes wherof we enteniled to wryte. In it the .Senate is now redored, and fyue ludges affigned to glue lawes 
 to all the inhabiiauntes of thofe trades. But in fliorte tyme, they fliall ceafe gatherynge of golde although there 
 bee greale plentie: by reafon they Ihall lacke labourers and myners, forafmuch as lh[e]inhal)itauntes whofe heipe 
 they vfed herein, are brought to a fmaule number, confumed partly by warre, and many more by famen 
 that yeare that they dyggeil vji the rootes wherof they made theyr befle breade, and lefte of fowynge 
 theyr grayne of JA//;/'///;/ which is theyr common foode, fuppofinge hereby to haue dryuen owtc men owte of 
 the Hande, who had vytayles fente them from Spayne. A great number of them alfo, ilyed ofneweand 
 (Iraunge tlifeafes which in the > eare of Clirille a thoufande fyue lumilreth and. xviii. confumed theym lyke 
 rotton Iheepc. 
 
 Anil (to faye the truth) owre mens vnfaciablc defyre of gold, fo ojipreffed thefe poore wretches with 
 extreme laboui and toyle, where as bi.fore they lyued pleaf.iuntly and at lybertie, gyuen onely to playcs and 
 pallymes as daunfynge, fyffliinge, foulynge. and huntyng of lyltle connies, that many of them periflhed 
 euen for verye anguyllie of niynde, the whiche (with their vnaccuflomed labour) are thynges of them felues 
 fuflycienl to engender many newe difeafes. liut the kynge and the Senate haue nowe determyned that they be 
 reduced to a ])eoplc, and to gyue them felues onely to increafe, and tyllage of the ground: And that onely fuch 
 as are bought or taken owte of other regions, bee appointed to labour in the golile mynes. Hut it Ihall fuffyce 
 to haue fayde thus muche of the pelliferous hunger of golde. Therfore to fpeake of other matters: It is a 
 marueylous thynge to confyder howe all thynges increafe and profper in this Hande. There are nowe. xxviii. 
 fuger prelfes wherwiih great i)lentie of fuger is made. The canes ur reedes wherin the fuger groweth, are 
 bygger and hygher then in any other place; And are as bygge as a mans arme in the brawne, and higher then 
 the (lature of a man, by the halfe. This is more woonderlull, that where as in \'alentia in Spaine (where a 
 great ([uantitye of fuger is made yearely) where fo euer they applye them felues to the great increafe therof, yet 
 doth euery roote bring foorthe not jMlle fyue, or fyxe, or at the molle feuen of thofe reedes: wheras in ll'ff'aiiiola 
 one roote beareth twentie, and oftentymes thirtie. Toure footed bealles and cattayle, are marueyloully 
 increafed in this Hande. And albeit that the rauenyngc hunger of golde hath hitherto greatly h) ndered owre 
 men from tylla.;e of the ground, yet is du— great plentye of wheate, whiche profpereth fo wel that it yealdeth 
 fumtyme a hundreth foulde: .And this ei|)^i,i.illy on the hylles or rydges of the mountaynes i)rofpectynge towarde 
 the .North. Vines do alfo increafe here with no lelVc frutefulnelVe. What fluild I fpeake of the trees that beare 
 Cafsia Jijiuia, brought firll into this Ila.id from the other liandes neare vnto the fujiiiofed (.'ontinent, as we 
 haue noted in owr decades? There is nowe fuche plentie hereof, that after a fewe yeares we Ihall haue a pounde 
 of the price that wee pave nowe for an ounce. Of the brefyle and mirobalane trees, with other innumerable 
 jirerogatiues and benelites whiche nature hath plentil'ully giuen to this blelVed Hand, we haue fpoken fufl)ciently 
 
 Fi-trus J> .'.IS. 
 
 L tipus Stfsit. 
 
 The Rrc It ryticr of 
 lt.il).iiln ur 
 Cjr.indis 
 
 The goulfe of 
 Vr.il..u 
 The ryche 
 Itiounl.iyiics jf 
 
 Firrrcaiulw.lrlyke 
 
 D.irtcs. 
 
 SwnnnK'S 'if 
 li'Mllic wunii. 
 
 166 
 
 Onifdui wr\li;lh 
 tint thcr ari- n..w<: 
 
 V. IIIUll.laUTicS. 
 
 Nl'Wr and strange 
 dituaM:;,. 
 
 The siiRer of 
 
 llivlLLllluhL 
 
 Svi.^cr t»f Valciitia 
 
 A t'>l<en of 
 111 inicloiis 
 frutfuliics. 
 
 Cattayle. 
 Whcale. 
 Vines. 
 
 C'tiSltJ Jlt/ti/,l. 
 
 flrisyle. 
 MyruthiluDcs 
 
 P 
 
 Km 
 
 ill 
 
 1'/ 
 
 ' ; 
 
 K 
 
w 
 
 I 
 
 ' 
 
 1'^ 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 . I 
 
 iJi 
 
 ! t 
 
 
 i.'. 
 
 f 
 
 20O 
 
 77/r tJiyrdc Decade. \0f the Lniides and Ilandes /nfe/y foimde.'] 
 
 in owr decades. Yet 'laue I dioiiglit good to rcjieatc |>art of the (;ime, l)ycaiifc I think that the wittcs of many 
 
 readers hauc iliiiertcd fmm tlie weyght of great affaires, to the recordation of furh [ileafaiint 
 
 thynges. And yet ilo not fiiche thynges as are fauer)-, engender tedy- 
 
 oufneffe, foe that a precious matter bee adourned 
 
 with a precious vellure. 
 
 iF 113^^5*. 
 
20I 
 
 f^ 
 
 istHXEMPLAR bvllae sev 
 donationis, avtoritate 
 cvivs, episcopvs romanvs 
 
 Alexander eius nominis fextus, con- 
 
 cefsit et donauit Caflella: regibus 
 
 et fiiis fuccefforibus, regiones 
 
 et Infulas noiii orbis in 
 
 Oceano occiclentali Hif- 
 
 panorum nauigationi- 
 
 bus rcpertas.'. 
 
 LEXANDER EPISCOPVS, feniiis 
 feruonini Dei, Cliarifsimo in CiiriRo 
 filio Ecrdinando Rcgi, et Charifsi- 
 ma; in Chriflo filia: Elizabeth Re- 
 ginaj Caflcllx, Legionis, Aragonuni, 
 Sicili;e, et Granat;c, illuflribus, falii- 
 tem et Apoflolicani benedictioncm. 
 
 Inter cxtera Diuinns maioflati bencplacita opera 
 ct cordis nuflri defiderabilia, illud profccto potifimum 
 exillit vt fides catholica et ChriRiana religio noflris 
 pr.ercrtim temporibus exaltetur ac vbilibet amplietur 
 ac dilaletur, aniniarunnjue falus procuretur, ac barbara; 
 nationes depriniantur et ad fidem ipfam reducantur. 
 Vnde cum ad hanc facrani Petri fedeni Uiuina fauente 
 dementia (mentis licet imiiaribus) euocati fiiercmus, 
 cognofcentes vos tanqiiam veros catholicos reges et 
 j)riiKipes: quales femiier fiiirie nouimus, ct a vobis 
 ])r.x'clarc gefla, toti pcne orbi notifsima demonfirant, 
 iiedum id exo])tare, fed omni conatu, fludio, et dili- 
 gentia, nullis laboribus, niillis impenfis, nu!lifi]ue par- 
 cendo periculis, etiam propriuni fanguinem effundendo 
 eltkere, ac oinnem aninium veflnnn, omnefi|ue conatus 
 ad iioc iam dudum dedicafse, (lucmailmodum reciiper- 
 ato regni Granatai a tyrannis de Sarracenorum hociier- 
 iiis temporibus per vos, cum tanta Diuini nominis 
 gloria fadla, teflatur. Digne ducimur non immerito, 
 ct debemus ilia vobis ctiam fponte, ac fauorabiliter 
 conccdere, per qux huiufmodi (aniflum ac laudabile 
 ab immortali deo acce[)tum |)ropofitum, indies feruen- 
 tiori animo ad ipfius dei honorem et Imperij Clirif- 
 tiani propagationem, profequi valeatis. Sane accepi- 
 mus quod vos qui dudum animum propofr.eratis aliquas 
 
 C THE COPPIE OP THE BULL 
 
 OR DONATIOxN, BY TH[E]AU- 
 
 TORITIE WHEROF, POPE 
 
 Alexander the fyxtc of that name, 
 
 gaue and graiuited to the kynges of 
 
 Caftyle and theyr fucceffours the 
 
 Regions and Ilandes founde in 
 
 the Wefle Ocean fea by 
 
 the nauigations of the 
 
 Spanyardes. 
 
 I^exander bjflioppe, the feruaunte of 
 the feruantes of God : To owre mofle 
 dearebeloued fonne in Chrifl Kynge 
 Ecrdinande, And to owre deare be- 
 loued doughterin Chryfle Elyzabeth 
 Queene of Caflyle, Legion, Aragon, 
 Sicilie, and Granata, mod noble 
 Princes, Grctynge and Apoflolical benediction. 
 
 Amonge other woorkes accejjtable to the diuine 
 maieflie and accordyngc to owre hartes defyre, this 
 certeinely is the chiefe, that the Catholyke fayth and 
 Chriflian religion, fpecially in tills owre tyme may in 
 all places bee exalted, amplified, and enlarged, wherby 
 the health of foulcs may be procured, and the Barbarous 
 nations fubdued and brought to the fayth. And there- 
 fore wheras by the fauoure of gods clemencie (although 
 not with equall defertes) we are cauled to this holy 
 feate of Peter, and vnderdandynge you to bee trewe 
 Catholyke Princes as we haue euer knowen you, and 
 as yo'iiC noble and woorthy factes haue declared in 
 m'.ier to the hole v/orlde in that with all your fludie, 
 diligence, and induflrye, you haue fjiarcd no trauayles, 
 charges, or perels, aduenturynge euen the fliedynge of 
 your owne bhulde, with apiilyinge yowre hole myndes 
 an<l endeuours here vnto, as your noble expeditions 
 achyued in recoueryng the kyngdonie of Granata from 
 the tyrannic of the Sarracens in thefe our dayes, doo 
 playnely declare your factes with fo great glorye of the 
 diuine name. For the whiche as we thinke you woor- 
 thy, fo owght we of owre ownc free wyl fauorably to 
 graunt all thynges whereby you maye dayely with more 
 fenient myndes to the honoure of god and cnlargynge 
 the Chriflian empire, profecute your deuoute and laud- 
 
 171 
 
 il 
 
 '>! 
 
 ■jl 
 '1 
 
 i 
 
 1 1 
 
 it'i 
 
f^ 
 
 
 J 
 
 •I 
 
 }:• 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 202 
 
 infill, IS ci irrr.is riiniMs ri'iiKjtas ct incoi;nit:)s, ac per 
 alios liaitLiuis noii uinrtas, cjiKxrcre ct iiuienirc, vt 
 illanini iiicolas ct haliitaturcs ad colcniliim rcikini)- 
 l(jrt'm nollruin ct fulcm calluilicam profitcmUiin rc- 
 diiccrctis, haiflcnus in cxpuj^nalioiie ct rcciiperaiionc 
 ipfiiis rcgiii dranatx" pkirimiim ocrupati, huiiifniodi 
 fanclum ct laudahilc propofitum vcflriim ad o|)tatiiin 
 fincm pcrdiux'ie i)ei|uiiiilUs: Scd taincii fiiut Domino 
 placuit, rij;ii() [irediclo rccii[)crato, volcntcs dcfidcrium 
 vcflriim adimplcrc, diici'tum filiiim Clirill()])1ioniiii Col- 
 onum vinim vtii|uc ili{<iuim ct pliiiiinum commciidatum 
 ac I. into iicgotio a])tiim, cum naiiij,'ijs et hominibiis ad 
 fimilia iiillrudis, non fine maximis lahoriluis, ac jicri- 
 riilis, ct cxpcnfis (Icflinallis vt terras firmas ct Iiifiilas 
 rcmotas ct incognitas, Iniiiifmudi per marc vbi lia(^~lcniis 
 naiiigatum non fuerat, diligcntcr imiuireret. (Jtii tandem 
 (Diiiino auxilio (m ta extrema diligentia in mari ( )ceanu 
 nauigantes) ccrtas infulas remotifsimas et ctiam terras 
 firmas (iiix- per alios haclenus rcpert;u non fuerant, 
 inucncnint. In <iiiibus pliirimrc gcntes jjacitice viii- 
 entes, et (vt afferitiir) nudi inccdcntcs, ncc carnibiis 
 vcfeentcs, iniiabitant: Kt vt ])ra:fati nuncij vellri pof- 
 siint o|)inari, gcntes ipf;e in Infiilis ct tcrris pra:diclis 
 habitantes, crcdunt vnuni dcum crcatorcni in Ccclis 
 efsc, ac ad fulcm catholicam amplcxandum et bonis 
 nioribiis inibiicndiim, faiis apti vidcntur; S|)efqiie 
 habetiir, (jiiod fi crudircntiir, nomcn Saluatoris Domini 
 noflri Icfii Chrilli in lerris et infulis prxditlis flicilc 
 indiiceretiir. Ac prefaiiis Chrilloplionis in vna ex 
 principalibus Infulis prxdicTis, iam vnam turrim fatis 
 munitam, in (pia ccrtos Chriflianos qui fecum iiierant, 
 in cuflodi im ct vt alias Infulas ac terras firmas rcmotas 
 et incognitas ini|iiiierent pofuit, conflrui ct redificari 
 fe( it. In ([uibus (luideni Infulis ct terris iam rejicrtis, 
 aurum, aromata, et ali;v; (iuamplurim;c res pr;i;( iof;c 
 diucrfi generis ct diuerf;c qualitatisrcperiuntur. Vnde 
 omnibus diligcntcr, ct pncfertim fidei catholicre exal- 
 tatione ct dilatationc (prout decct Catholicos Regcs ct 
 I'rincipes) confidcratis, more progcnitorum veflrorum 
 clarrc memorix Regum, terras firmas ct infulas [ira:- 
 dielas, illariinKinc incolas et iiabitatorcs, vobis diiiina 
 faucntc dementia fiibiiccre ct ad fidem Catholicam 
 rciluccre propofuillis. 
 
 Nos itaqne Iniiufmodi vednim fan<fliim et laudabile 
 propofitum plurimum in domino commcndantes, ac 
 cupientcs vt illud ad dcbitum fincm pcrducatur, ct 
 i|)fum nomen faluatoris noflri in partibus illis induca- 
 tur, liortamur vos (luamplurimum in domino, ct per 
 
 able purpofe moll acceptable to the iiiiinortall ( lod. \\'c 
 are credably informed that wlieras of late you were de- 
 termyned to fcekc and fynde ccrtcync Ilaiides and firmc 
 landcs farre remote and vnknoweii (and not hcrctofiire 
 found byany otlier) to th|c)intLnt to iiringe tli[c]iiihabi- 
 tauntes of the fame to hoiiourc owrc redemcr and to 
 profelTe the ratholyke fayth, you liaue hctherto byn 
 nuuh occupied in th[c]expiignaiion and iccoucric of 
 the kyngedome of Ciranata, by reafon whereof youe 
 collide not bryngc yowre faydi' laudable purjiofe to 
 th[e]cndc defyrcd. NeiicrthelelTe as it hath jileafed 
 almyghty god, the forefayde kyngedome beinge reco- 
 uered, wyllyng t[o]accoin|ilyflie your fiyde tlefyrc, you 
 banc, not willuuit great labourc, |icrcllcs, and charges, 
 appoynted owrc welbcloued fonnc C'hrillo|ilier Colonus 
 (a man ccrtes wcl commended as molle worthy an<l 
 nptc for fo great a matter) well furnyflu'd with men and 
 fliipl)es and other iiccelTarics, to fcekc (by the fca 
 where hethcrto no manne hath fa\led) fiichc firine 
 landcs and llandcs farre remote and hitherto vnknowen. 
 Who (by gods helpe) makynge diligcntc fearchc in the 
 Ocean fea, haue founde ccrteyne remote Ilandes and 
 firmc laniles whiche were not heretofore founde by any 
 other. In the whii li (as is fayile) many nations inhabite 
 lyuingc peaceably and goingc naked, not accuflomcd 
 to eatc flelhe. And as farre as yowre mclTcngcrs can 
 coniccturc, the nations inhabitynge the forefayde landcs 
 and Ilandes, bclcue that there is one god creatoure in 
 hcauen : and feciiic aptc to be brought to th[c]imbraf- 
 inge of the catholykc faythe and to be imbued with 
 good mancrs: by reafon whereof, we may hope that if 
 they well be inllriicted, they may eafely bee induced 
 to reccaue the name of owrc fauiour Icfu Chrifl. We 
 arc further a<luertifcd that the fi)renamcd C'liriflojihcr 
 hathc nowc buildcd and erected a fiirtrefle with good 
 , munition in one of the forefayde i)rincijiall Ilandes in 
 the which he hath iilaced a garrifon of ccrteine of the 
 Chriflian men that wente thyther with him : afw ell to 
 th[c]inteiit to ilefendc the fame, as alfo to fearchc other 
 llandcs and firme landcs farrerciuotc and yet vnknowen. 
 We alfo vndcrflande, that in thefe landcs and Ilandes 
 lately founde, is great jjlcntic of goldc and fiiiccs, with 
 dyuers and many other jjrecious thyngcs of fiindry 
 kyndes and (|ualities. 'I heiforc al thinges diligt'iitly 
 confidcred (efpecially th(e]amplifyingc and cnlargyng 
 of the catholike fayth, as it bchov.cth catholike I'rinces 
 folowyng tii[c]exem|)les of yowre noble progenitours 
 of famous memorie) wheras yowc are determyned by 
 the fauour of almightic god to fiibdiie and brynge to 172 
 the catholyke fayth th[c]inhabitauntes of the forefayde 
 landcs and Ilandes. 
 
 M'ee greatly commcndynge this yowre godly and 
 laudable ptiriiofc in our lordc, and defirous to haue 
 the fame brought to a dcwe cnde, and the name of 
 owre fauioure to be knowen in thofe partes, doo 
 exhorte yowe in owre I.orde anil by the reccauynge 
 of yowre holy baptifme wherby yowe are bounde to 
 
 
203 
 
 fieri I.iii.icri fiifciptioiun), (|ii.i innndiitis Ai)oflolicis 
 obligati illis, it per vifccra niifcriionliii; Domini iKillri 
 IcTii Chrllli attcnte rc(|uiriimis, vt < urn t'xpwlitioncni 
 hiiiiifinodi oiniiiiio ])r(iri'i|iii ct afluiiuTe proiia nu'iitL' 
 ortliodoxa,- luki zlIo iiUfiiiLuis, populos in luiiiifiiiodi 
 Infiilis ct tLTiis ckgcntcs, ad Cliriflianam rcligionL'm 
 fiiftipiinduni iiuhictrc vciitis ct dcbcatis, ncc pcriiula 
 ncc iaburcs vllo vniiuam tempore vos dctcrrcaiit, firnia 
 fpo lidiiciaiiuc conccptis fjuod Deus omnipotens cona- 
 tiis vcllros fn;li< iter ])rofeciiietur. Et vt tanti nc^otij 
 jiroiiintiam Apolloliciu gniliiu largitatc donati, lilierius 
 ct audaeiiis alTiimatis, mutu proprio non ad veflram vel 
 169 alteriiis pro vobis ftiper hoc nobis oblata: pctitionis 
 inllantiam, fed de nollra mera liberalitate, ct ex certa 
 feientia, ac de Apolbiliex- poteflatis plenitiidiiie, onines 
 liifiilas et terms linnas inuentas ct iniieniendas, de- 
 teclas ct detegendas verftis Oceidentem ct Meridiem, 
 faliricando et eonllniendo vnani lineam a polo Arctieo, 
 fcilicet Se[)tenitrione, ad poluni Antarclicum, fciiitet 
 Meridiem, I'liie terrx fniiKU et infiihi; iniient^v; ct in- 
 ueiiieiid.e fiut verfus Indiam aiit vcrfus aliani cjuani- 
 cun([iie ]ianem ([luu linea diflet a ([ualibct Infuiarum 
 ([iia; vulgariter niinciipantur de los Azores ct C'abo 
 verde centum leiicis verfus Oceidentem ct Meridiem. 
 
 Ita([uc omnes Infuhv: ct terrnc firmnc repcrtx et rc- 
 perienche, deteclx et detegendx a jiRefata linea verfis 
 Oceidentem ct Meridiem, qua; per aliinn Regem ant 
 I'rinc ipem Clirillianum non fuerint auliialiter ponefUe 
 vfiliie ad diem naliuitalis Domini nollri lefu Chrilli 
 pro\ime iirivleritum, a (|uo inei|iit annus praifcns 
 Millefrnnus (JuailringenteUimus Nonogeffmius tercius, 
 quando fueriint jier nuncios et capitancos veflros in- 
 ueiua; aliipiie i)rxdi(flannn Infuiarum, Autoritate omni- 
 ]iolentis Dei nobis in beato IVtroeoncefsa, ac. vicariatus 
 lefu Clirilli (jua fungimur in terris, cum omnibus illatum 
 doniinijs, ciuitatibus, caflris, locis, ct villis, iuribufque 
 et iiirifdiclionibus ac partinentijs vniucrfis, vobis liere- 
 dibufiuc ct fuecelToribus vcflris (Callelhe et Legionis 
 regibus) in perpetuum tenore prx'fentium donamus, 
 conccdimus, ct alii,:;namus: Vofciue et hxredes ac 
 furcelTorcs prx'fatos illarum Dominos, cum plena, libera, 
 ct omnimoda ixjlellate, autoritate, ct iurifiliitlionc, 
 facimus, conflituimus, ct de|Hitanius. Decernentcs ni- 
 liilo minus [ler huiufmodi donatlonem, conccfaioncm, ct 
 aflignationem noRram,nu!loCliri(lianol'rincipiquiaciu- 
 aliter [irajfalas Infulas ct terras firmas polledcrit vf<iue 
 ad pnediclum diem natiuitatis Domini nodri lefu ChriRi 
 iuscjua^Utum, lublatum inteliigi pofseaut auferri deberc. 
 
 Kt Infupcr mandamus vobis in virtuta; fanClic obedi- 
 
 Apoflolicall obedieiuc, and erncflely rcpiire yowe by 
 the bowels of men y of owre l.orde lefu Cluiil, tiiat 
 when yowc intende for the zeale of the Caiholjkc 
 faythe to |)rofecute the fayde expedition to reduie the 
 people of the forefayde landes and llandes to tiie 
 L'hrillian religion, yowe Ihaii fpare no labours at any 
 fyme, or bee deterred with any perels, coiu eauyiiLio 
 firme hope and confidence that the oniniiiotent goilde 
 wyll gyue good fucceffe to yowrc godly attemptes. 
 And that beinge autoryfed by the )iriiiilcgc of the 
 Apoflolycail gra(e, yowe may the more freely and 
 bouldly take vpon yowe tli|ejenterpryfe of fo greatc a 
 matter, we of owrc ownc motion, and not e)lluT at 
 yowrc re(|uell or at the inllant pelii ion of any other 
 perfon, but of owre ownc mere liberalitie and certeyne 
 fcience, and by the fuhuffe of A[)ollolyc all [lower, dt o 
 gyue, graunt, and afligne to yowe, yowre heyrcs and 
 fuccelTours, al the firme landes and llaniles found or 
 to be found, dif<'ouered or to be difcouered toward liie 
 Wefl and South, drawyng a line from the ]iole Artike 
 to the pole Antanike (tiial is) from tlie north to the 
 Southe: Conteynynge in this ilonation, what fo cuer 
 firme landes or llandes are founde or to bee founde 
 towarde India, or towarde any other parte what fo 
 cuer it bee, beinge dillant from, or without the fore- 
 fay<l lyne draweu a hundreth leai|ues towarde the 
 Welle and South from any of the llandes wiiich are 
 commonly caulcd Dc los Azores and Cabo Wide. 
 
 All the llandes therfore and firme landes, founde 
 and to be founde, tlifeouered and to be difcouered 
 from the fayde lyne towarde the Well and South, huh 
 as hauc not actually bin heretofore polfelVed by any 
 other Chrillian kynge or pryncc vntyll the daye of the 
 natiuitie of owre Lorde lefu Chrylle lalle palle, from 
 the which beg)nneth this i)refent yeare beinge the 
 yeare of owre l.orde. M. CCCC. Ixxxxiii. when fo cuer 
 any fuch Ihalbe founile by your nieflingeis and cajjy- 
 taines, Wee by the autoritie of almyghtie God graunted 
 vnto vs in faynt Peter, and by the ortlcc which wc beare 
 on the earth in the lleede of lefu Chrille, doo for cuer 
 by the tenoure of ihefe prefeiites, gyue, gr.umte, alliuiiie, 
 vnto yowe, yowre heyrcs, and fuccelToures (the kyiv 
 of Caflyle and Legion) all thofe landes and Ham 
 with theyr dominions, territories, cities, calUis, tow res, 
 ])la( es, and vyll,i.;es, with all the r\L;ht, ami iurifdie- 
 tions therunto perteynynge; conllitiilyiige, allignynge, 
 and dcpiityngc, yowe, yowre heyrcs, and fiiecelfours 
 the lordes tlurcof, with full and free poure, autoritie, 
 and iurifdiction. Decreeingc neuerthelefle by this 
 owrc donation, graunt, and aflignation, that from no 
 Chrillian rrince whiihe actually h.ilh iiolVelVed the 
 forefayde llandes and tlrine landes vnto the day o. 
 the natiuitie of owre lorde beforefaydc tlu'yr ryght 
 obteyncd to bee vndcrRoode hereby to be taken away, 
 or that it owglit to be taken away. 
 
 Furthermore wee commaunile yowe in the vcrtue 
 
 ■"■i 
 
 .•\ 
 
 "■ft 
 
I 
 
 i\» 
 
 hi- 
 
 iii! 
 
 r -1 
 
 f 
 
 ' 1 1 
 
 
 1 
 ■ » 
 
 it : 
 
 Is. 
 
 204 
 
 cntiie (vt luuit poUiccmini ct non (liil)it.'imuH pro vcflra 
 maxima ik'uotioiic etrcgia magnuniinitatc vos cfsf fatlu- 
 nis) :i(l terras firinas ct Infiilas pnvdii-tas, virus pro1)()S ct 
 Dciiin tiniciitcs, ilot'^los, pcritos, ct cxpcrtos ad inflru- 
 ciidiim incolas ct lialiitatorcs pncfatos in fide Catholica 
 ct lionis morihiis imliuciulum, dclliiiarc <lcl)catis, om- 
 iicin dci)itain diii^cntiam in iincinifsis adhiliciitcs. 
 
 A (|iiii)iif»:iinii|iic pcrfonis, (;uiuli:ii:ii[iic dignitatis, 
 ctiam impcrialis ct rcgalis Aatus, gradus, ordinis vcl 
 conditionis, fub cxconiniiinicationis lata; fcntcntix- 
 picna quam co ii)fo fi contra fcicrint incurrant, 
 170 , (lillric'Hus inhil)cmus ne ad Infiilas ct terras firnias 
 inuentas ct inncnicndas, dctcclas ct dctcgcndas vcrfus 
 Occidcntcni ct Mjridicni, faUricando ct conftru- 
 cndo lincain a polo Ari^ico ad polum Antariflicuni, 
 luKC tcrriu firnKi: ct Infiil.u iniicnt;\; ct inucnicndx Hnt 
 vcrfus Indiam aiit vcrfus aliani (luanicumiue partem 
 (pix linca dillct a (juaiibct Infularum ipia; vulgaritcr 
 nnncupantur dc los Azores ct Cabo verde centum Icucis 
 vcrfus Oceidcntcm ct Meridiem vt pra;fcrtur, pro mcrci- 
 bus !)abendis vcl (piauis alia caufa acccderc pncfumat 
 abf(|uc vcflra ac hajredum ct fuccefsorum vcflrorum 
 [ira-'ditlorum lic( ritia fpcciali: Non obllantibus con- 
 flitutionibus ct ordinationibus Apollolicis < .uterif(iue 
 quibufcunipie, in illo in (]uo impcri-. ct dominationes 
 ct bona cuncia procc(nM..' r- .indcntes ([uod dirigente 
 Domino a(flus vcftros, fi luiiufmodi fanclum ac huidabilc 
 propofitum profequamini, brcui tempore cum fcelicitate 
 ct gloria totius populi Cbrifliani, veflri laborcs ct 
 conatu.s exitum fcelicifsiinum confe(picntur. \'erum 
 (|uia ilitficile foret pnvfentes literas ad fmgula iiulvciuc 
 loca in quibus expediens fuerit deferri, voiumus ac 
 motu ct fcicntia fniiilibus deccrninius, iiuod illarum 
 tranffumptis manu publici notarij inderogati fubfcriptis, 
 ct figillo alicuius pcrfon;!; in ecclefiallira dignitate con- 
 flituta;, fe'.i curia; ecclefiaflicx munitis, ca prorfus 
 fides in iu<licio ct extra ac alias vbilibct adhibcatur, oua; 
 prajfentibus adhiberctur fi efsent adliibitx vcl oflei. fiu. 
 
 Nulli ergo omnino liominum liccat banc pagin.im 
 noRra; commendationis, liortationis, requifitionis, dona- 
 tionis, concefsionis, afsignationis, conRitutionis, dcputa- 
 tionis, decrcti, mandati, inhibitionis, ct voluntatis in- 
 fringerc vcl ci aufu ttmerario contrairc. Si quis autem 
 hoc attentare pnKfumpfcrit, indignationem omnipoteniis 
 Dei, ac beatorum IVt.-i ct I'auii Apoflolorum cius, fe 
 nouerit incurfurum.'. 
 
 Datum Roma; apud fancflum Petnim: Anno incar- 
 nationis Dominicx. 1493. quarto nonas Maij: I'onli- 
 ficatus nofi-ri anno primo.". 
 
 of holy obedience (as yowc haue promyfcd, and as wee 
 doubte not you uyll doo vi)p(m mete dcuotion and 
 princely niagnaniniitie) to fende to tlie fayde fimie 
 landes and liandcs, lionclle, vcrtuous, and Icrned men, 
 fu( he as feare (lod, and arc able to inllruc te tlifc];n- 
 habitauntcs in the Catholyke fayth antl good maiicrs, 
 a|)plyinge all thcyr poflible diligence in the preniiffcs. 
 
 We furthermore flreightly inhibite all nianer of 
 l)crfons, of what Rate, degree, order, or condition fo 
 eucr they bee, although of Imperiall and rcgall digni- 
 tie, vnder the peyne of the fentence of exrommunii a- 
 tion \vhi(he they fliall incurre yf they doo to the 
 contrary, that they in no cafe prefumc without fpcciali 
 lycence of yowc, yowre heyrcs, and fucceflbiirs, to 
 trauayle for man haundics or for any other caufc, to 
 the fayde landcs or liandcs, founde or to bee found, 
 difcouered, or to bee ilifcouercd, toward the well and 
 foulh, drawing a line from the jiole Artyke to the pole 
 Antartikc, wlicthcr the firnie lands and liandcs found 
 and to be found, be fituate toward ///i//</ or towarde 
 any other parte beingc diRant from the lyne drawen 
 a liundreth leagues towarde the wcR from any of the 
 llan<lcs commonly caulcd £>c /os Azores and Ci !'i< 
 I'tTi/f. NotwithRandynge conRitutions, decrees, and 
 ApoRolycall ordinaunces what fo eucr they are to the 
 contrary ; In him from whom Kmpyrcs, dominions, and 
 all good thynges doo piocede: TruRynge that almyghtic 
 god directynge yowre cnteri)rifcs, yf yowe folow' yowre 173 
 godly and laudable attcmptes, yowre labourcs and 
 trauaylcs herein, fliall in fliorte tyme obtcyne a happy 
 ende with felicitie and glorie of all ChriRian pcojile. 
 liut forafmuch as it fliulde bee a thynj^e of great diRi- 
 cultie th"fe letters to bee caryed to all fuche places a^ 
 fliuld be> expedient, vf^ wyll, and of lyke motion nd 
 knowleage doo decree that whyther fo eucr the fame 
 Rialbe fent, or wher fo euer they Rialbe reccaued with 
 the fubfcription of a common notarie theninto requyred, 
 with the feale of any perfon conRitute in ccclefiaRii all 
 dignitie, or fuche as are autoryfed by the ccclefiaRicall 
 courte, the fame fayth and credite to bee gyuen there- 
 unto in iudgement or els where, as Rmlde bee exhibytcd 
 to thefe i)refentes. 
 
 It Riall therefore bee lawefull for no man to infringe 
 or laRicIy to contrarie this letter of owre commcnila- 
 t.on, exhortacion, requeRe, donation, graunt, afligna- 
 tion, c(;nRitution, dcimtation, decree, commaundement, 
 inhibition, and determination. And yf any fliall pre- 
 fume to attempte the fame, he owght 1 > I «(■ that he 
 fliall thereby incurre the irlignat a of aliut^luie God 
 and his holye ApoRles I\ ; in I'aule. (.-.) (:) (•.•) 
 
 
 C Oyucn at Rom 
 th[e]in<arnation of ow r 
 The fourth day of the noiK 
 of owre fcate. ( ) ( ) ( ) 
 
 lit Peters: In the . .are of 
 IM.C' C.I.XX'XXIII. 
 
 of M . c, the fyrRe yeare 
 
 i , >. 
 
 
205 
 
 
 [The Third English book on America, 
 
 Which is also 
 
 The First English Collection of Voyages, Traffics, & Discoveries. 
 
 Cfir IDccaircjS of the \\t\x>t toorllrr or tocst Inlria, etc 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdes. 
 
 The Natural History of the West Indies. 
 
 First prii-.ted in I5'.6.] 
 
 f 
 
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207 
 
 t'U 
 
 To THE READER. 
 
 Lt!)ough amonge dyuers which haue vvrytten of 
 the Ocean and VVefte Indies, there is none to 
 be compared to Peter Martyr of Angleria, in 
 dcclarynge by philofophical difcourfes the fecreate 
 caufcs of naturall affectes bothe as touchynge the 
 lande, the fea, the ftarres, and other ftraunge 
 woorkes of nature, yet forafmuche as of later 
 dayes thofe countreys haue byn better knowen 
 and fearched, and dyuers fuche particular and 
 notable thynges founde as are conteyned in 
 the hyftories of later wryters, emonge the 
 number of whom Gonzalus Ftrdinandits Ouicdus, 
 (whom lerned Cauianus compareth to the ancient writers) is doubtles the chiefe, I haue 
 therfore thought go«-J to ioyne to the Decades of Peter Martyr certeyne notable 
 tli)'iiges which I haiie gathered owte of his booke intiteled the Summarie or abbrige- 
 ment of his gcncrall hyflor^e of the Weft Indies wrytten in the firme lande of the fame 
 in the citie of Sancta Maria Antiqiia in Daricna (where he dwelte and was gouernoure 
 many yeares) And dedicated to Th[e]empcrou[r]s maieftie, as maye appeare by the 
 epyftell folowynge. 
 
 
 l;^ 
 
 •i 
 
 1^ 
 
 *amimgnii%xtm\mi-%v»lKtam 
 
2o8 
 
 it''' 
 
 in 
 
 if 
 
 174 
 
 C TO THE MOST IIYGII AND IVIVGHTIE 
 
 IMUNCl-: CllARLHS Tllli l-Vl'TE OF THAT NAME: 
 
 EMl'KROL'R OF ROMK, KYNGIC OF SPAYNF, AND OF TUF TWOO SICILIFS, 
 of bothc tlic fycles o{ the Itrcyjjht o{ Faro, Kynge of 1 1 icrufalcm 
 .'ind IIiin;;aiic, Duke of Hiiry^oiiic and Hark of Flaundcrs, 
 Loril and inlicn'tourcof the firnie lamle and Ilandes 
 of the W'elte Ocean, etc. (io/zsti/us Fcniinan- 
 lins (hiiiu/iis his niort humble feruant 
 wylhelh health and per- 
 petual felicitie. 
 
 K; thyiv^fs whirlu: iiriiicii)ally l)rcfcrueani.l mayutayne 
 tlic wcirki^s of lull un; in the; memories of men, arc 
 livllorics ami l)0()kt;s compofid of tlic famv:. Amoii<;c 
 the whiche ce-rti's tliofe are eftcemetl mode trewe and 
 aut<:iifyk(' wliicli haiie hyii wrytten Ijy wyttie and 
 expert men well traiiayleil in the wnrkle, as faytlifiill 
 wytnelTes of fiiche thyui^es as they iiaiie partely feene 
 and liyn jLirtc^Iy informed by credible ])erfi)ns. Of 
 tills mynd<! an<i opinion was IMinie, who belter then 
 any other antonn; hathe wrytt(Mi in xxxvii. book(;s a! 
 that perteynt.'th to the natural! hiflorie, conteyneil a! 
 in one voIuiik; iledioali-d to Vefpafian 'rh|e)em- 
 ]perour. Wherein, as a pnidente hillorioi^rapher, he 
 deehtnrlh fiiche thynij^es as Ik; had lianle : Attri- 
 tmtyn^e the fecende antoritie to fuche as he had 
 rcilde in aiitoures tli.il wrott; before hym : And thyrdely ioyned to the fanu; hyltorie, 
 fiich lhynL('-s as Ik; hym A.'lfe h.id fe(;ne as moile certeyne tellimonie. Whofe cxemple 
 I folowyn;^!-, wyl in this my breefe fimimarie njdiia.- and reprefent to yowr mai< flies 
 memiirie fuche tlnnijes as I haue feiMie in j'own- Mmpyre of the W'efl Indies afwell in 
 the Ilandes as in the firme lande of tin; Ocean fea, where I haue fi'rn<:<I nowe mor<! then 
 twelue y<'ares in the place of furuoyer of the s^olde mynes by the commaundemente of 
 the C'atliolyke kyn_;<' /'('// furnaiuio the fyfte of that name aiul ^raundfather vnto yown; 
 mai<llie, to whom L;od i^aue t^^reat fime and ^lorie. Senfe whofe death alfo 1 haue- lyke- 
 wiifs ferued and trull whyle the rell of my lyfe yet remayneth, to feme yowre maiedie 
 as (hall pl:af(; yowe to comiiiaunde. As touchyni^fe which thin,L;('s and fuch otlu"- lyke, 
 { haue more lari.;ely written in a hyllorie !>e:;unne as fone as my ai^e was rype to taki; 
 fuche matters in hande. Wherein furthermore 1 haue i.uule mention of fuche ihynges 
 
The Ep^Jlle. 
 
 209 
 
 as haun chaunced in Spaine, from the ycare. 1494. vnto this tyme. AcklynjTe alfo 
 thereunto fuche ihynges woorthy memoric as 1 haue obfcrucd in other reahnes and pro- 
 uinces where I haue trauayled. And haue likewife particiilerly wryttcn tlie lyu(!s and 
 woorthy actes of the catholyke Princes of famous mcmorie Don Fcniinando and lady 
 Hh";;abeth his wyfe to theyr laft dayes. After whofe fruition of heauenly I'aradyfe, I 
 haiic noted fuche thynges as haue chaunced in yowre mofl fortunate fucccffion. Not 
 oniitlynge particularly to wryte a large booke of fuch thynges as haue feemed inolle 
 woorthy to bee noted as touchynge yowre maiefties Indies. But for afmuche as that 
 vohime remainelh in the citic of San. Dominico in the Ilande of Hi/paniola where I 
 dwell and am placed in houfliolde with wyfe, chyklrcn, and famelic, I haue brought no 
 more with me of that my wr'iynge then I beare in memorie. Determynynge notwith- 
 ftandynge for yowre maiefties recreation to make a brecfe rehearfall of certeyne notable 
 thynges wherof I haue more largely entreated in my fayde general hiftorie, and fuch as 
 may feemc mofte woorthy to bee redde of yowre maieftie. Of the which, although a great 
 parte haue byn wrytten \>x other who haue alfo feeiie the fame, yet perliappes they arc not 
 fo exactly and particularly defcrihed as of me, forafmuche as in manor all that trauayle 
 into thefe Indies haue greater refi)ecte to hiker and gaynes then diligently to fearche the 
 woorkes of nature wherunto I haue byn euer naturally inclyned, and haue therfore with 
 all poffible endcuour applyed myne eyes and intelligence to fynde the fame. And this 
 prefente Summarie fhall not bee contrary or dyuers from my larger hiftorie wherein (as I 
 haue fayde) I haue more amplye declared thefe thynges : but (hal onely more breefely 
 expreffe th[e]ffect therof vntyl fuch tyme as (jodde (hal reftore me to myne owne houfe, 
 where I mayaccomplyflie antl fynilhe ni)- fayil g(Mieral hyftorie. Wherevnt(j to gyue the 
 fyrft principle, I fay that Don Chriftopher Colonus (as it is well knowen) beinge the 
 fyrftc Admyrall of this India, difcouered the fame in the dayes of the Catholyke kynge 
 Don I'crdinando and the lady Elyzabeth his wyfe, grauntlfatlier and graundmother vnto 
 yowre maieftie : In the yeare. 1 49 i. And came to Bixrzaloiux in the yeare 1 49 2. with the 
 fyrft Indians and other (hcwes and profes of the great ryclies and notice of this weft 
 Empire. The whiche gyfte and benefyte was fuche, that it is vnto this daye, one of the 
 grcateft. that euer any fubiect or feruant Iialh done for his prince or countrey, as is mani- 
 fefte to the hole worlde. And to faye the; trewtli, this (hall iloubtli'lTe bee fo commoilious 
 and profytable vnto the hole realme of Spayne, that I reputi- hym no good Caftilian or 
 Spanjarde that doothe not recognife the fame. And (as I haue fayde before) foraf- 
 much as in my fayile generall hillorie I haue more largely intreated of thefe thynges, I 
 im-nd at this prefent only briefely to rehearfe certeyne ef|jeciall thynges, th(? whiche 
 fuerly are verye fewe in reipecte of the thoufandes that myght bee fayde in this jjehalfe. 
 Fyrit therfore I wyl fpeake fumwhal of the nauigalion into thefe parties. Then of the 
 generation of the nations whiche are founde in the lame, with their rytes, cuftomes, and 
 cerimonic'S. Alfo of bealles, foules, byrdes, woormes, fyf(h(?s, feas, ryuers, fprynges, trees, 
 plantes, herbes, and dyuers other thynges which are engendered boothe on the landeand 
 in the water. And foralmuche as I am one ot th[e|order anil company of them that are 
 ap[)ointed to returne into thef(! regions to feme yowre maieftie, yf therlore the thynges 
 conteyned in this booke (liall not bee diftincte in fuch order as I promifeil to performe in my 
 greater woorke, I tlefyre yowre maiellie to haue no refpecte herevnto, but rather to 
 confyder the noueltie of fuche ftraunge thynges as I haue herein tleclarcil, whiche is the 
 chiefe ende that mouinl me to wryte. I'roteftyng that in this Sunnnarie I haue wrytten 
 the trewth of fuche thynges as coonie to my renKinbraunc(; : wherof not onely I my 
 felfe can teftifye, i)ut alio iliuers ollur woorthy anil credible men which haui- bin in 
 thofe regions, and an; nowe prefentt; in yowre maiefties courte. And thus it (hal fuflyce 
 to haut; (aide thus much vnto yowre maieftie in niamr of a proluMnc vnto this prefent 
 worke which I molt humbly defyre yowre maieftie as ihaiiklully l[o]accept, as 1 haue 
 wryttcn it faythf'-ily. 
 
 175 
 
 M 
 
 
 i .p 
 
 Eiiiin. 
 
 I ^1 
 
£U 
 
 ! 
 
 irii 
 
 'i ' 
 
 2IO 
 
 The liyJ}oric of the wejic ImUes. 
 
 176 
 
 ^ Of the ordinary nany gat ion from Spayiic to the IVefte Indies. 
 
 He nauygation whichc is commonly made from Spayne to the 
 Wcfle Inilia, is from Siuilc, where yowrc maieflie hauc yowre 
 houfe of contractation for thofe lurtcs, with alfo yowre olTycers 
 ihervnto pcrteynyngc, of whom the capitaines take tliuir palTcporte 
 and lyccncc. The patroncs of fiichc fliypjics as are apjmynted to 
 thefe vyagcs, imbarkc tlieyin felues at San I.iiui di Barameda, 
 wiierc the r)uer Cinidalcliibcr entereth into tlie Ocean fea. And 
 from henfc they folowe tlieir courfe toward tlie Uandes of Canarie. 
 Of thefe ll'uen Ilandcs, they commonly louche two, that is, ejther 
 Graiuaitaiia or Gomcni. And here tlie fliyppes are fumyfllied 
 with freihe water, fuctl, cheefe, biefe, and fuche other thyngcs 
 whiche may feemc rc.|uifyte to be added to (uchc as they brynge 
 with them owte of Spayne. From Spayne to thefe Ilandcs, is 
 coommonly cyght daycs faylinge, or lyttle more or lefle. And 
 when tliey are arryued there, they haue fayled two hundereth and 
 fyftie Icaipies, whiche make a thoufande myles, accomptyng fourc 
 myles to a leaquc as is their mancr to recken by fea. Uejiartynge 
 from the fiydc Ilandcs to folowe their courfe, the fliippes tary. xxv. dayes, or a lyttle more or lelTe, before they 
 fee the fyrlle lamlo of the Ilandcs that lye before that whiche they ( aule f.a S/<<if;iiii(i/,i or Hifpaniola. And the 
 lande that is commonly fyrflc fcenc, is one of thefe Ilandcs whiclie they caiile O;:,'!! fanni Miit igalante (ox 
 Galaiita) lit Delj'Mdii (othcrwife caulcd Difydi-mla) Ma/iiiiino, Dominka, Guadiilupi\ San. ChriJIoual, or fumme 
 other of the Ilandcs wherof there are a great nuihitiulc lyinge aboute thefe aforefaide. Yet it fumtymcs fo 
 chaunceth that the rtiip|)cs palTe withowte the fyght of any of the fayde Ilandes, or any other that are within 
 that courfe \nt)ll they coome to the Hand of Sanfli Ii'hannis or /fl//>aniola, or famaiui, or Cuba, whiche are 
 before the other. It may alfo rhai' tc that they oueri)a(Tc all thefe likewyfe, vntyll they f.uile vppon the coaftes 
 iif the fyrme lande. But this ( haunccth when tlio pylote is not well practifed in this nauigation or not perfecte 
 in the trewe c.inle. But makynge this viage with experte maryners (wherof there is nowe great plentie) one of 
 the fayde fyrfte Ilandes fluill euer bee knowen. .Ami from the Ilandes of Canarie to one of the fyrflc of thefe, 
 the diftaunce is nyne humlrelh Icacjues by faylinge, or more. .Vnil from henfc to the citie of f,i_\iUe Pominike 
 which is in the Ilande of IliJl'aiuohi, is a hiiiulrcth and fyftie Icaipics: .So ih.it from Sp.ayne hitherto, is a 
 thoufand and three humlrcth leagues. Yet forafnuu he as funuimes the nauigation jiroccileth not lo directly, but 
 that it chaui,(cth to wander on the one fyde or on the other, wee may well faye lh.it they haue nowe fayled a 
 thoufande anil fyue hundreth Icaques and more. And if the nauigation be llo«e by reafon of fumme 
 hyndcraunce, it commonly ch.uinccth to be lynifihed in. .\xxv. or. xl. dajis. And this liai)i)ciicth for the mode 
 parte, not arcomptynge the extremes: that is, eytlier of them that h.iue llowe pall'age, or of them that arryue 
 in veryc fhorte tyme. Vor wee i >wghte fo ronfyder that which chaunceth moll i ommonly. The relume from thofe 
 partes to .Sp.iyne, is not fyiiyfihed without loni.;cr tyme, as in the f|i.irf of I. (I'll'ty] d.iyes, or a lutle more or leffe. 
 Ncucrthclcll'e in this prefeiit yeare of 1525. there came foure Ihyps from the Hand of .S"</// JJominiio to faint 
 I.unt in Sp.iine, in. xxv. dayes. Hut (.is I haue fayd) we ought not to iudgc of that whiihe chaunceth fcldomo, 
 but of that which happencth moll onluiarily. This nauig.ition is very fafe .mil much vied, euen \iito the f.iyd 
 Ilande. -Anil from this to the firine land, the fliyppes trauerfe diners wayes for the fpace of fine, fy.xe, or feuen 
 dayes faylynge, or more, accordyng to the partes or ( oafles whither they directe their vy.ages, forafmuche as the 
 fayde f\ rnie lande is \erye great and l.irgc, .mil m.my nauigauoiis and vyages .ire directed to dyuers partes of 
 the f.inie, Yet to the fyrine land whichc is nearell to this ILmd, ,ind lyi.-lh directly ageynll San f\'mi/!iiv, the 
 paflage is fynifthed in the tyme aforefiyde. Hut it (li.ilbe mm lie better to remytte all this to the carde of thefe 
 nauigations and the new Cofmographie, of the whiche no parte wa.s knowen to Ptolomie or any other of the 
 owlde wrytters. 
 
 
The hyjfofic of the wcjlc Indies. 
 
 211 
 
 € Of twoo notabh thyngcs as touchyug the Weft Indies: And of the great 
 rycheffe brought from thenfe into Spayne. 
 
 Fter my vniuerfall defcription of tlie hiflorie of the Indies, there commeth to my remem- 
 beraunce two thynges thiefely to be noted as toiichynge th[e]empire of this Weft Indies 
 [)crteynynge to the dominion of yowre maieftye. And thefe befyde the other particulars 
 wherof I liaue fultyciently fjiuken, are to be confydered as thinges of great importaunce. 
 Wlierof, the one is the fliortenelTe of the way and with what expedition yowr maicfties 
 fliyppes maye palVe beyonde the mayne fyrme lande of thefe Indies into the newe Soiithe 
 fea caiiled Marc dd Sur lyynge beyoml the fame. And tliis to th[e]intent to coonie to the 
 Ilandes wliere tlie fpices growe, befyde the other innumerable rychelTe of the kingedonies and I'igniorios whichc 
 confine with the fayde fea where are fo many pen[ile and nations of dyuers toimges and maners. 'I'lie oilier 
 thinge, is to confyder howe innumerable treafures are entered into Spayne by thefe Indies, afwell that whiche 
 commeth dayly from thenfe as alfo that is idiilinually to bee looked for, boliie of golde and perle and other 
 marchaunties which are firft brought into this yowre realme of Spaine before they are feene of other nations or 
 traded into other realmes. Wherby not onely this yowre realme is greatly inriched, but alfo the benefyte 
 therof redoundeth to the great profytc of other countreys which are neare thervnto. A teftimonye of this, are 
 the double ducades whiche yowre niaieftie haue caufed to bee coyned, and are difparfed throughowte the hole 
 worlde. 15ut after they are once paffed owt of this yowre realme, they neuer returne agein bycaufe they are the 
 beft curraunt money of the world. And therfore if after they haue byn in the handes of ftraungers they chaunce 
 to be retourned ageyne into Spaine, they coome difguifed in an other halite, and are diminiflhed of the good- 
 nelTe of their guide, with the ftampe of yowre maieftye chaunged : So that if it were not for their futlie 
 defacynges in other realmes for the caufe aforefayde, there fhulde not bee founde fo great f[uantitie of fyne golde 
 of the coyne of any prynce in the worlde as of yowre maiefties. And the caufe of all this, are yowre Indies. 
 
 
 C Of the mynes of golde, and the maner ofivoorkynge in theym. 
 
 Mis ])articular of the mynes of gold, is a thing greatly to bee noted: And I maye muche better 
 fpeake hereof then any other man, forafnnu lie as there are nowe twelue yearcs palle fenfe I 
 Krued in the place of the furueier of the nultynge flioiipcs ])ertcynynge to the golde mynes 
 of the tirme lande, and was the goiiernour of the mynes of the Cathol\ke kyng Don 
 I'crdinando, after whofe departure from this lyfe, I ferued longc in the fame roome in the 
 name of yowr maiellie: I5y rcaft)n wherof, I haue had great occafion to knowe howe 
 golde is founde and wrought owte of the mynes: An<l do knowe ryght well that this 
 lande is excca('.\nge ryche: hauynge by my accompte and by the labour of my Indians and llaues, gathered 
 and fyned a great portion of the fame: and may therfore the better alfynne this by tellimonie ol fyght. 
 For I am well affured that in no part of Cajlilia del o/v, that is, golden Callile (othcrwifc cauled 
 Jfmix'itd) no man coulde aflce me of the mynes of golde, but that I diirfte haue bounde my felfe to 
 haue dif( ouered them in the fp ice of ten leagues of the countrey where it fluilde haue byn ilemaunded 
 me, and tlie fame to bee vcrye rye lie. I'or 1 war, aloweil all maner of charges to make feaiihe for the fame. 
 And although golde be foumle in maner euery where in thefe regions of golden Callile, yet owght wee not in 
 euery place to bellowe the traiiell, anil charge to get it owte, bycaufe it is of lelTe ([uantitie anil goodnefle in fum 
 place then in fum. And the myne or veyne whii he owghte to be folowed, ought to bee in a place whiche may 
 flande to faue muche of the charges of the labourers, and for the adminillration of other neceffary thinges that 
 the charges nuiy bee recor.iiienfed with gaynes. For there is no doubte but that golde flialbe founde more or 
 lelVe in euery place. And the golde whiche is founde in golden Callile, is very; good, and of x.xii. caractes or 
 better in fyuelfe. Furthermore, befyde this great <(iiantitie of golde whiche I haue fayde to be founde in the 
 mynes, there is alio from day tc day found or otlurwife gotten, gnat tre.ifurc of fiiche wrought gold as hath byn 
 in the lUlliKJie of the fubdiud liuli.ins and their kynges, afwell of fm he as they haue gyiieii I'oi their fyne and 
 raunfonie, or olherwife as freiules to the Chrilli.ms, befyde that whiche hath byn vyoKiilly taken from it.e 
 rebellefi. Ihit the greateft parte of the wrought gold whi( he the Indians haue, is !)afe and holdeth fumwhat of 
 
 177 
 
mr 
 
 
 212 
 
 77/6' hyjlorie of the wejic Indies. 
 
 178 
 
 copper. Of this they make braflcttes and chaines and in the fame they clofe their iewels whiche their women 
 are accuflomed to weare and efleeme more then all the richeffc of the worldc. The maner liowe golde is 
 gathcrcJ, is this, eyther of fuche as is foiindu in /.amina, that is to fayc in the ])laines and riucrs of the chanij)ian 
 countrey being without trees, wlicthcr tiic earth he with grade or without. Or of fuche as is fumtymes founde 
 on the land without the riuers in iilaces wliere trees growe, fo that to cooine by the fame, it flialbe reijuifite to 
 cuttc downe many and great trees. l!ut after whiche fo euer of lliefe two maners it be founde. eyther in the 
 riuers or ruptures or breaches of water, or elles in the earth, I wyll fliewe howe it is founde in botlie tliefe places, 
 and liowe it is fejjerate and pourged. 'I'hcrfore when the myne or veinc is difcouered, this chaunc eili by ferchyng 
 and prouyng in fuche places as by certcyne fygnes and tookeii do a|)|)eare tj fkyll'iill men aptc for the generation 
 of goldc and to holde golde. And wlien they haue founde it, they folowe the niyne and labour it, whether it 
 be in the ryuer or in liie plaine as I hauc fayde. And if it bee founde on the plaine, fyrfl they make the place 
 verye cleane where they intende to dygge. Then they dygge eyght or ten foote in length and as muche in 
 breadth: but tliey goo no deeper then a fpanne or two, or more as fliall feenie bed to the mailler of the myne, 
 ilyggynge equally. Then they waflie all the earthe whiche tiiey haue taken owte of the fayde place. And if 
 herein they fynde any golde, they folowe it. And if not. they dygge a fpanne deeper, and waflie the earth as 
 theydyd before. And if dien alfo, they fyncle nothynge, they continue in dyggyngand waflhyng the earth as before 
 vntil they come to the hard rocke or flonc. And if in fyiie they lynd no golde there, they folowe no furdier to 
 feeke golde in that place, but go to an other parte. And it is to be \ nderdodc, that when tliey h.iue founde the 
 myne, they folowe it in digginge in the fame meafurc in leuell and deapth vntill they haue made an ende of al 
 the myne which that place conteyneth, if it ajjpere to be riche. This myne ought to confyll of certen feete or 
 I)afes in length or breadth accordynge to certeyne order! tietermined. And within that compaffe of earth, it is 
 not law full for any other to dygge for g(ylde. .\nd when; as enileth the myne of liym that fyrfle founde the gold, 
 inmiediatly it is lawfull for any other man that wyl, widi a flalTe to alTygne hyni felfe a place by the fyde of the 
 fame, inclofynge it with Hakes or pales as his ownc. 'i'hefe mynts of Zatuuia (that is fuch as are found in the 
 playne) owght euer to bee foughte nere to fum ryuer or brooke or fpringe of water, or dyke, or flanilyng poole, 
 to th[e]ende that the golde maye be waflhed, for tlie whiche puriwfe they vfe the laboure of certeyne Indians 
 as they doo other in dygginge of the myne. And when they haue dygged owte the myne, they fyl certeine 
 traies with that earth, whiche other Indians haue the charge immediatly to receaue at their handes, and 
 to carye thofe treyes of eartli to the water where it maye bee waflhed. Yet do not they that brynge it, 
 waflie it, but delyuer it to other, puttynge it owte of their owne trayes into theirs which they haue ready in their 
 handes to rece.aue it. I'iiefe waflhers for the mode parte, are the Inilian women, byaiufe this woorke is ol 
 lelTe ])aine and trauayle then any other. Thefe women when they waihe, are acciillomed to fytte by die waters 
 fyde, with their legges in the water euen vpjie to the knees or lelfe as the place ferueih their jiurpofe. .\nd 
 tiuis holdynge the trays with earth in their handes by the handles therof, and puttynge die fame into the water, 
 they moue them rownde aboute after the maner of fyftynge, with a certeyne apieneffe in fu( he forte that there 
 entreth no more water into the trais then ferueth their turne: And with the felfe fame apte mouynge of their 
 trais in the water, they euer auoyd tiie fouie water with the earth owte of the one fyde of the velVell, and 
 receaue in cleane water on the other fide therof. So that by diis nieanes by little and lyttle, the water wafflieth 
 the earth us the lyghtcr fubllaunce owte of the trais, and tic golde as the heauier matter refleth in the bottome 
 of the fame, beyng rounde and liolowe in the mydded lyke vnto a barbars bafen. And when all the earth is 
 auoyded, and the golde gatliered togither in the bottome of the traye, they putte it aparte, and returne to take 
 more earth, whiche they waflie continually as before. And tluis they that laboure in tills woorke, do gather 
 dayly fuche portion of golde as flial jileafe god to graunt to the patrones of thefe Indians and fuche oilier as 
 trauaile in tin fame. Furthermore, it is to bee noted that for euery 'wo Indians that wallie, it is rei|uilite that 
 two other ferue them to brynge e.irthe from tlie myne, aixl other twoo to bie.ike the (imie fmaule and fylle their 
 trais therwilh. Alfo befyde thefe labourer.^, it is necelTarye tli.it tliere bee other |)eoi)le in the place where they 
 woorke anil rede in the nyghte. Thefe are fuche as make their lireaile, and [irouyde for vylt.iyles and other 
 necelTaryes. So that to conclude, there are in all, fyue perfons onlinarily alVigneil to euerj' traye of waffliers. 
 
 'I'liere is an other maner of woorkyng the mynes in riuers or brookes of runnynge waters. And this is, 
 tli.it in auoydyiige the water of his courlc, after that the beddes of the r)!ers are drye and vtterlye emptied, 
 liiey fyiiile golde emi^nge the breaches, cliftes, and rydes of doiies, and among all that is in the bottome of the 
 chain-ll, and where ii.iiurally the riuer runneth of greatell force. So that it ihaiinceth fum lyme, that when the 
 bedde of the ryuer is good and ryctie, they fynde in it great quantitie of golde. And therfore yowr niaicdie 
 ought to vnderll.iiule for a generall rule, as it apperelh in facte, that all golde is engendered in the tojipes and 
 hyglied places of the nioiitaines: And in continuance of time is by lyttle and lyttle browght downe to the vales 
 and iiiaines by lliowres of rayue, and the faules of fprynges, ryuers, and brookes liauynge their originall in the 
 mouniayiies ami def< endynge from the fame, nolwididandynge it bee oftentymes liimde in the pl.iines farre 
 
 it ; 
 
 r .1 t 
 
The hyjlorie of the wejle Jiidics. 
 
 213 
 
 from the inoiintaynes. fiat when it chaiinccth to be foundo in great ([uantitie, it is for the niofle parte amonge 
 the mountayncs and in tlie riuors, or their liranchcs, more then in any otiier parte of the pl.iine. And in thefe 
 two maners is it commonly founde mode abiindaiintly. And for the better profe that golde is engendered on 
 hyghe, and is brought downe into the lowe places, I hnue one great tooken therof whii he caufeth me to beleue 
 it for certeine. And this is to confyder that coles neuer piitrifie nor corrupt vndcr the ground, if they be made 
 of ftronge woodde. Wherby it chaunceth that diggyng the earth by the fouldes or indented places of the 
 mountaynes, or on the fydes, and breakynge a myne in the earthe where it had not byn broken before, and 
 hauyng nowe dygged one or two or three poles in meafure, the myners founde certeyne coles of wood vnder the 
 fame leuel where they found gold. And this I faye in the earth whiche was taken for a vyrgine: that is to faye, 
 fuch as had not before byn opened for any myne. The which coles coulile not naturally bee engendred there, 
 or enter in by any meanes. But wlien the fuperlicial part of the earth was eiiual with the leuel where the coles 
 were fotnide, it is lyke that the coles were left there by fum occafion of fyre, and that they faflned there in 
 tyme, and that afterwarde in longe continuance of tyme, they were by lyttle and lyttle couered with the earth 
 which the often (liowcrs of r.ayne wadied from the mountayncs, fo that by the courfe of ycares the earth oiier- 
 grewe the coles vnto the fayde leuell and meafure whiche had before tyme byn the fuperficiall parte of the 
 earthe where the coles and golde were foun<le togyther: whereby it mayc appeare that the golde was no more 
 engendereil there then were the coles, but brought thyther from the mountaynes by the faulcs of waters as we 
 haue fayde : forafmuche as the mountaynes are the matrices and bowels of all ryche metals. Further and 
 befyde this, I fay that in how much more the gold is gonne farre from the naturall [ilace of his generation to 
 the place where it is founde, it is fo muche the more puryfied and fyned and of a better carracte. And the 
 nearer that it is founde to his proper myne or vaine where it is engendered, it is fo muche the bafcr, fouler, and 
 more crude, antl of a bafer alay and caracte, and dothe v/a(l fo much the more in meltynge, and remayneth 
 more brickie. Sumetyme there are founde graynes of golde of greate quantitie and of greate weyght aboue the 
 earth and fumtymes alfo vnder the earth. .And the greatefle of all other that was founde to this daye in the 
 Indies, was th.it which was lofle in the fea aboute the Ilande Bcata, whiche weyed three thoufande and twoo 
 hundreth C'alkllans of golde, which are in value foure thoufand a hundreth, thirtie and eyght ducades of golde, 
 which wayc one Arroiui and feuen pounde, or. .xx.Kii. pounde. after, xii. ounces to the pounde, whiche make 
 threefcore and foure markcs of golde. And I fawe in the yeare. 1515. in the handes of Mychel Paffamonte 
 treafurer to yowre maieflie, two graines of the which one wayde feuen poundes, which are. xiiii. markes, and 
 are in value aboute threefcore an<l fyue ducades of golde euery marke. 'I'he other was of. x. markes, which are 
 fyue pouniles of lyke value, and of very good golde of. xxii. caractes and better. There are alfo founde many 
 other greate graynes. although not eiiuall vnto thefe in byggenes. And forafmuche as I haue f|)oken of golde, 
 I haue thought good to tieclare fumewhat howe tlie Indians can very excellently gylte fuche veffelles of copper 
 and bafe irolde as they make. Kor tiiey can gyue them fo tayre and tlorylhynge a coloure, that all the malTe 
 whiche they gylte, api)earetlie as though it were golde of. xxii. car.u tes and better. Tliis colour they gyue with 
 a certeyne herbe as thoughe it were wrought by the arte of any goldefmyth of Spayne or Italic, and wold of 
 them bee efleemed as a thynge of greate ryches, and a fecreate maner of gyldynge. And for as muche as I 
 haue fi)<)ken fulli( iently of the myne of golde, I wyll nowe fpeake fuunvhat of copper bycaufe I haue made 
 mention thereof Tiiis metail is Ibunde in many of the Ilandes of the Indies and alfo in the firnie l.mde; And 
 is founde dayely in greate (|uantitie holdynge fumwhat of golde. But for the del'yre that owre men haue to 
 golde, they nothynge ePeeme the copper, although there myght great commoditie and profitte be had therby, 
 and alfo by other metals whiche they notiiynge rcgarde excepte fyluer whi( he is founde abundantly in that parte 
 of the firme lande which is cauled newe .S[)ayne. But of this it fliall fufiice to haue fayde thus muche, bycaufe 
 I haue more particularly entreated of thefe thynges in my generall hyflorie of India. 
 
 e Of tlie niaucr of fyjliyngc foy pcrles. 
 
 He Indians exercife this kynde of fyffliynge for the mode pai'- in the coades of the North in 
 CV//'</j,7/(» and Ciimathi. And manye of tlieym which dwell in the houfes of certeyne parti- 
 cular lordes in tlie Ilandes of San Dominko and Saiifli lo/uviiiis, refort to the Ilande of 
 Ciibiigiid for this purpofe. Theyr cullome is to go fyue, fyxe, or feuen, or more in one of 
 theyr Canons or barkcs erly in the mornynge to fume place in the fea there al)out where it 
 appeareth vnto them that there fliulde bee greate |ilentie of thofe Ihell fyflios (whii h fume 
 ( aule mufcles and fume oyllers) wherin perles are engendered. .\nd there they plonge 
 
 s t .1, 
 
 179 
 
 A m.irke, is a 
 poiimlc of viii. 
 niinccs : sunitu.i. 
 xlii. li. (forty-two 
 pounds] weyght 
 viii. ounces, after 
 xii. ounces to the 
 ti. [pound J. 
 
 ti i 
 
 m 
 
 .'I 
 
 
li 
 
 I .( 
 
 I ' 
 
 I' i 
 
 
 T . 
 
 214 
 
 7'/ic hyjiorie of the wejlc Indies. 
 
 180 
 
 Of thit rcide more' 
 IftTgely in the j 
 decadei. 
 
 By the 
 
 compulation of 
 
 Venice- ini. gr.iiitck 
 make a circtte. 
 
 181 
 
 them felues vnder the water, euen vnto the bottome, faujTige one that reniaynetht; in the Canoa or boate which 
 he kecpcth ftyll in one i)lacc as n .'are as he can, lookyngc for thcyr rcturnc owtc of the water. And when one 
 of thcni hath byn a good wliyle vniler the water, he ryfcth vp ami conmicth fwynunynge to the boate, cnter)nge 
 into the fame, and leauynge there all the oyflcrs \\liiche he iiath taken and brought with hyni. For in thefe, 
 are the pcrles founde. And when he hathe there rcfletl hym fclfe a whyle, anil eaten parte of the oyllcrs, he 
 retunicth ageyne to the water, where lie remayncthe as longe as he ran endure, and then ryfelh ageyne, ami 
 fwimnielli to the boaie with his l)ray, where he refletlie hym as before, and thus coniintieth cmirfe by courfe, as 
 (loo all the other in lyke nianer, being all molle experte fwynnners and dyuers. And when the nyght drawelh 
 neare, they returne to the llande to theyr houfes, and prefente all the oylUrs to the mafler or llewarde of the houfe 
 of theyr lorde who hath the charge of the fayde Indians. And when he hath gyuen them fumwhat to eate, he 
 layeth vp the oyflers in fafe cuftotlie vntyll he haiie a great qiiantitie therof. Then hee caufeth the fame fyflher 
 men to open them. And they fynde in euery of tlie)m pearles other great or fmaul, two or three or foure, and 
 fumtymes fiue ami fy.\e, and many fmaule graines atconlyng to the lyberalitie of nature. They faue the ])earles 
 bothe fmaule and great whiche they haue founde: And eyther eate the oyllers if they wyl. or calle them away, 
 hauynge fo great quantitie therof that they in maner abhorre them. Thefe oyflers are of hard fieihe, and not fo 
 plefaunt in eatyng as are owres of Sjiayne. This llande of Cuba^na where this maner of fyffliing is exercifed, 
 is in the Norlhe coafle, and is no bygger then the Hand of Zelamle. Ofitntymes the fea encreafeth greatly, and 
 muche m 'e then the fyfliers for pearles >iold, bycaufe where as the place is very ile[)e, a man can not naturally 
 rell at the bottome by reafon of the aboundaunc- of aery fubllaunce whiche is in hym, as 1 haue ofientymes 
 proued. For althoughe he may by vyolence ami force defcende to the bottome, yet are his feete lyftetl vj) ageyne 
 fo that he can continue no tynie there. Antl therfore where the fea is verje deei)e, thefe Imlian f\ fibers vfe to 
 tye two great ftoones aboute tiieni with a corde, on euer)- fyde one. by the weyght wlicrof they defccnd to the 
 bottome and remayne tliere vntyl them lyfteth to ryfe ageine: At which tyme they vnlofe the (lones, and ryfe 
 vppe at their pleafuie. But this their aptene(Te and agilitie in fwimming, is not the thynge that caufeth men 
 mofle to marauile: But rather to confyikr how many of them can llande in the bottome of the water for the 
 fpace of one hole houre, and fumme more or lelTe, accorilynge as one is more apte hereunto then an other. 
 An other thynge there is whiche feemeth to me very flraunge. And this is, that where as I haue ofientymes 
 demaunded of fumme of thefe lordes of the Indians, if the place where they accullomed to fyllie for pearles 
 beyngc but lyttle and narrowc, wyll not in fliorte tyme bee vtterly withowt oyflers if they ronfume them fo falle, 
 they al anfwered me, that althoughe they bee confumed in one parte, yet if they go a fyllhynge in an other parte 
 or an other coafle of the Ilantle, or at an other contrary wynd, and continue fyflhing there alfo vntyll the oyllers 
 be lykewyfe confumed, and then returne w^. ^ntt to the fyrlle jilacc, or any other place where they f) llhed before 
 and emptied the fame in lyke maner, they find them ageine as ful of oyfters as though they hatl neuer bin 
 fyflhed. Wherby we may iudge that thefe oyflers eyther remoue from one jilace to an other as do other f\ flhes, or 
 elles that they are engendereil and encreafe in certeyne onlinarie places. This Il.md of Cumaita and Cuh^iia 
 where they fyflie for thefe ])erles, is in the twelfe degree of the part of the faid coalle which inelineth toward the 
 North. Lykewife pearles are founde anil gathered in the Souiii fea lauleil Miin- Jil Sitr. Anil the pearles of 
 this fea are verye bygge. Yet not fo bigge as they of the llande of pearles cauleil cic las pcrlas, or Mon^ariUa, 
 whiche the Indians caule Tciiueijui, lying in the goulfe of faincte Michael, where greatter jjcarlcs are founde and 
 of greater price then in any other coafte of the Northe fea, in Cumaiia, or any other |)arte. I fpeake this as a 
 trewe teftimonie of fyght, hauyng byn longe in that South fea, and makynge curious inquifition to bee certenly 
 informed of al that perteyneth to the fyflhynge of pearles. F'rom this llande of Tararajui, there was brought 
 a pearle of the faflhyon of a peare, wayinge. xxxi. carattes, whiche J'etnis yirias had amonge a thoufamle and 
 foo many jjoundes weight of other pearles whiche hee had when capitayne Gafjiar Morales (before Pctrus Arias) 
 paffed to tiie faide llande in the yeare. 1515. whiche ])earle was of gTeat ])rife. From the faide llande ablo, 
 came a great and verye roiuule pearle, whiche I brought owte of the fea. This was as bygge as a fmaule pellet 
 of a flone bowe, and of the weight of. xxvi. carattes. I boughte it in the citie oi Panama in the fea ol Stir: 
 And paide for it fyxe hundreth and fyftie tymes the weyght therof of gootl gold, and had it thre yearcs 
 in my cufloilie; and after my returne into .Spaine, foulde it to tli[e]erle o{ Naiifao, ManiuefTe of Zenete, great 
 chamberleyne to yowre maieftie, who gaue it to the ManiuelTe his wyfe. tlie ladye Miiilia i>{ .^/iVi/iKza. I thyncke 
 verely that this jiearle was the greatefl, fayrell, and roundell that hath byn feene in thofe partes. For yowre 
 maieftie owght to vnderllande that in the coafte of the fea of Sur, there are founde a hendreth great pearles 
 roimde after the faffhyon of a peare, to one that is perfectely rounde and greate. This llande of Tirard/ui, 
 which the Chriflians c.uile the llande of jiearles, ami other caule it the llande of (loures, is founde in the eyght 
 degree on the foutlie fyde of the firme lande in the ])rouynce of golden Callyle or J>'ira:;ua. And thefe are the 
 coalles of the firme lande where pearles are founde euen vnto this day. I \nderllande alfo that there are perles 
 founde in the ])rouynce and llandes of Carlagtiila. And fence yowr maieflie appoynted nie a goucrnour and 
 
 ^M li; 
 
The hyjloric of the wejle Indies. 
 
 capytaync, I haue made furtlier foarche, and am adiierti d that pcarles are foimde in dyucrs other places as 
 about the Hand of Coiif^o which lyeth agiynd the mouth of that i)orte of the Ilande of Carta^enUx which the 
 Indians caul Coro. The which llaml and porte, are on the North fyde in the tenthe degree of the coaftes of 
 Uie firme lande. 
 
 C Of the famiiiaritie ichich certeyiie of the Indians hane with the denyll, 
 and hcnoe they rcccane anfivere of hym of thynges to cooine. 
 
 215 
 
 I Hen the Indians bcpynne theyr battaylc, or go to any combat or attempte any other grcate 
 matter, they haue ccrtcyne electe menne whom they rcuerendely efteme and raule them 
 To/uinas, whiihe in thcyr tonge is as muche to faye as mailers. Xo'withflandyngo that they 
 caule euery man that is runnynge in any fcience, by the fame name, as fyffliers, foukrs 
 hunters, or makers of nettos. Thcfe Tiyiiimis therfore, they caule the maflers of theyt 
 aunfwercs bycaufe they fi)cake with Tiiyia, that is tlie deuyll, and brynge them aunfwere 
 what he fa\ the, eythcr as touchynge futhe thynges as they haue to doo or Ihall chaunce 
 to them the day folowyngc, or many dayes to coome. For the deuyll beinge fo aum ient an Aflronomer, 
 knowethe the tymes of thynges and fcclh howe they are naturally directed and inclined. And makethe iheym 
 beleue that tluy come fo to |)a(Te by his ordynaunce, as though he were the lorde and moucr of all that is and 
 (hall)e: And that he gyueth the day lyght and rayne: caufcth temped and ndeth the Rations of tymes, gyuyng 
 lyfe or takynge awayc lyfe at iiis pleafure. liy rcafon wherof, the Indians being deceaued of hym, and feing alfo 
 fuch efl'ectes to coome ccrtcynely to palTe as he hath tolde them before, beleue hym in all other thynges and 
 honoure hym in many places with facrilyccs of the bhidde and Hues of men and odoriferous fpices. And when 
 god difpofelh the contrary to that whiche the deuell hath fpoken in oracle wherby he is proued a Iyer, he caufeth 
 the 'J'li/iiimu to perfwade the i)eople that he hath chaunged his niynde s.w\ fentence for fumme of their fynnes, 
 or deuifeth fumme fuche lye as lyketh hym befte, beynge a fkylfull mailler in fuche fubtile and craftie deuifes to 
 tleceyue the fymjile and ignorant jieople whiche hath fmaule defence againtl fo mighty and craftie an aduerfarie. 
 And as they caule the deuell Tiiyru, fo doo they in many places caule the Chrillians by the fame name, 
 thynkyng that they gready honoure them therby, as in deede it is a name very feete and agreable to many 
 of them, hauynge layde aparte all honeftic and vertue, lyuynge more lyke dragons then men amonge thefe 
 fymple people. 
 
 Belbre th[e]inhabitauntes of the Ilande of llifpaniola had receaued the Chriftian faithe there was amonge 
 them a fecte of men whiche lined folytarily in the defertes and woodiles and ledde their lyfe in fylence and 
 abflinence more flraightly then eucr dyd the pliylofophers of Pythagoras fecte, ablleinyng in lyke maner from 
 the eatyng of al thynges that Hue by bludde contented onely with fuche friiites, herbes, and rootes as the defertes 
 and wooddes myniflred vnlo them to eate. The profelTours of this fecte were cauled Piaas. They gaue them 
 felues to the knowleage of naturall tiiyngcs, and vfed certcine fecreate magicall operations and fuperllitions 
 wherby they had famiiiaritie with fpirites whiche they allured into theyr owne bodyes at fuche tymes as they 
 wolde take vppon them tu tell of thyngts to coome, whiche they ilyd in maner as foloweth. When any of the 
 kynges had occafyon to caule any of them owte of the defertes (or this puri)ofe, their cullome was to fenile them 
 a portion of their fyne breade oi Ciiziil'/'i or Afitiziion, and with humble re(iuertc and fute to defyre them to tell 
 them of fuche thynges as tliey woulde deuiaunde. After the reipiell graunted and the place and daye appoynted, 
 the J'iiurs coometh with twoo of his (lifeii)les waytynge on hym, wherof the one bryiigelli with hym a vefl'ell of 
 a fecreate wafer, and the other a lyttle fyluer bell. When he coommeth to the place, he fytteth downe on a 
 ronnde feate made for hym of purpofe. Where hauynge his diftiples the one il.indynge on the one hande and 
 the other on the other euen in the prefence of the kyng and certeyne of his nobles (for tlie conunon people are 
 not admytted to thefe mifteries) and turnynge his face toward the deferte, he begynneth his inchauntment and 
 cauleth the fpirit with loudc voyce by certeyne names which no man vnderftandeth but he and his difciples. 
 After he hath dooen thus a while, if the fpirite yet deferre his coommyng, he drinketh of the fayde water, and 
 thenvith waxeth hotte and furious, and inuerteth and turncth his inchauntement, and letteth hym felfe bludde 
 with a thonie, nianieiloufly turmoylyng hym felfe as wee reade of the furious Sybilles not ceafynge vntyl the 
 fpirite bee cooine: who at his coommyng entereth into hym and ouerthroweth hym as it weare a grehounde 
 fluilde ouerturne a Aiuerell. Then for a fpace, he feemeth to lye as thoughe he were in great paync or in a 
 rapte, wonilerfully torment\nge hym felfe, durynge whiche agonie, the other ilifciple fliaketh the fyluer bell 
 
 182 
 
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 183 
 
 T//e hyjloric of the wcjlc Indies. 
 
 contynually. Thus when tlie agonie is iiartc and he lyeth iiuietly (yet wiihowle any fence or feelyng) the kynge 
 or fumme other in Iiis (leaile, ilfinaunilcth of hym what he dcfyrcth to knc,ve, and the fiiirite anfwereth by the 
 mouth of the rajite /'.(/ca with a directe and ptTfccte ai.fwerc to all poyiitcs. In fo muche that on a tynic 
 ccrteyne S])anyardes beynge jirefcnte at tliefe niyllcries witli one of tlie kinges, and in the Spanydie lounge 
 dcniaundyngc the yVi?iW oftlicir fliyppes whiche ihcy lookol for owte of Spaync, die fi)irite anfwered in the 
 Indian toonge, and toulde them wliat daye and lioure die fli>ppcs departed from Spayne, liow many they were, 
 and what they brought witiiowt faylynge in any poynte. If he be alfo (lemauule<l of the eclypfe of t]u' foonne 
 or moone (wliich they greatly feare and abhorre) h( geucth a jjerfecte anfwvrj, and the lyke of tempefles, 
 fanicn, jilentie, warre or peace, and fuche other thing ;s. When all the demaundes are fynyfllied, his difciples 
 caule hym aloude, rynging the fyluer bell at his eare and blowynge a certeyne (jouder into his 'lofethrilles 
 wherby he is ra)fed as it weare from a deade nea|)e beinge >i.t fumewhat heauy headed anil faynt r good whyle 
 after. Thus beinge ageyne rewarded of the kynge with more breade, he departelh ageyne to the lefertes with 
 his difcii)lcs. liut fence the Chrillian fayth hath byn difparfed ihrowghe owte the Ilande, thefe ileuyllyflie 
 practifes haue ceafed, and tliey of the members of the jieuyll, are made the members of Chryfte by baptifme 
 forfakynge the deuyll and his workes, with the vaine curiolUie of ilefyre of knowleage of thynges to coomc, 
 wherof for the niufl part it is better to be ignorant then with vexation to knowe tiiat which can not be auoyded. 
 
 Furthermore, in many places of the firnie lande, when any of the kynges dye, all his houfliolde feruauntes, 
 afwell women as men which liaue continually ferueii hym, kyl them felues, beleauynge as they are tauglit by the 
 deuyl Tuyra, that they which kyll tiiem felues when the kynge d)-eth, go with hym to heauen and feme hym in 
 the fame place and oftice as they dyd before on the earth whyle he lyued. And that all that refufe fo to doo, 
 when after they dye by theyr naturall death or oth rwyfe, theyr foules to dye with theyr bodyes and to bee 
 diflblued into ayer and become nothynge as do the foules of hogges, byrdes, or fyfllies or other brute beaftcs. 
 And that only the otiier may enioy the priuileage of immortalitie for euer to ferue the kynge in heauen. And 
 of this iiilfe opinion commeth it that they which fowe come or fet rootes for the kynges breade, and gather the 
 fame, are accuftomed to kyll them felues that they may enioy this priuileage in heauen. And for the fame 
 purpofe, caufe a portion of tlie graiiie of Maiziiim and a bundle of luua (wherof theyr breade is made) to bee 
 buryed with tliem in dieyr graues that the fame maye ferue them in heauen if ])erhappes there fliuld lacke 
 feedes to fowe. And therfore they take this with them to bcgyn with all, vntyl Ttiyni (who maketh them all 
 thefe fayre promilTes) prouyde them of greater quantitie. This haue I my felfe fene in the toppe of the 
 mountaynes of Guaturo, w here hauynge in pryfon the kynge of that prouince (who rebelleil from th[e]obedience 
 of yowre maiedie) and demaundynge of hym to whom perteyned thofe fepultures or graues whiche I fawe in 
 his houfe, he anfwered that they were of certeyne Indians whiche flewe them felues at the death of his father. 
 And bycaufe they are oftentymes accuftomed to burye greate (juantities of wrought golde with them, I caufed 
 twoo graues to bee ojjened, wherein was nothynge founde but a veflell full of the grayne of Maiziiim, and a 
 bundell of Iiiua as I haue fayde. And demaundinf; the caufe hereof of the kinge and the other Inilians, they 
 aunfwered that they that were buryed there, were the labourers of the grounde, and men fkylful in fowynge of 
 feedes and makynge of breade, and feruauntes to the k)iiges father. And to tli[e]ende that theyr foules (houlde 
 not dye with theyr bodyes, they tlewe them felues at the deatlie of the k)nge tlieyr niafter to lyue with hym it> 
 heauen. And to tli[e]intent that they myght ferue him there in the fame olUce they referued that Maizium and 
 luccit to fowe it in heauen. Wheieunto I aunfwered them in this mailer. Beliolde liowe your luyra deceaueth 
 yowe? And liowe all that he teacheth yow is falfe? Yowe fee how in fo long a tyme fence they are deade, 
 they haue not yet taken awaye this Maizium and Iiicca which is nowe putrified and woorth nothynge, and not 
 lyke to bee fowen in heauen. To this the kynge re|)lyed, fayinge. In that they haue not yet taken it away 
 nor fowen it in heauen, the caufe is that they cliaunced to fynde enowgli there, by reafon wherof they had no 
 neade of this. To this erroure inanye thynges were fayde which feenied of lytlle force to remoue hym from his 
 falfe opinion, and efpecially any fuch as at that age are occupyed of the deuyll, whom they paynt of the felfe 
 fame fornu- and coloure as he ap[)ereth vnto the)-m in dyuers fliapes and fomies. They make alfo Images ot 
 golde, coiiper, and woodde, to the fame fimiliiudes in terrible lliapes and fo variable as die paynters are 
 accuflonml to paynt them at the feete of fayiite Mychaell th[e]archangell or in anye other place where they 
 paynt them of moll horrible port[r]iture. Lykewyfe when the deuyll greatly intendeth to feare theym, he 
 tlireteneth to fv'ude them great tempefles which they caule Furacanas or Jfaiirac/ianas, and are fo vehement 
 that they ouerthrowe many liowfes and great trees. And I haue feene in r.iontaynes full of many and greate 
 trees, that for the fpace of three ijuarters of a league the mount.iyiie hathe byn fubuerted and the trees 
 ouerthroweii and plucked owte of the earthe with the rootes; a ihynge doubtelefle fo fearefuU and terrible to 
 behold, that it may verely appere to be doeii by the hand of the deuell. And in this cafe the Chriftian men 
 ought to confider with good reafon, that in al places where the holy facrament is referued, the fa)'d tempeftes 
 are no more fo owtragious, or so perelous as they were wonte to bee. 
 
 a'/: 
 
The hyjiorie of the in'cjlc Indies. 
 
 217 
 
 C 0/ the temperature of the regions vnder or nearc to the burnt lyne cauled 
 Torrida zona or the Equinoctiall: and of the dyners feafons 
 
 of the yeare. 
 
 He Inndes and regions that are neare about the dymcs of the E(iuinoctiall lyne, are naturally 
 lioUi', ahhowghe they bee otheruyfe temperate hy the diuine prouideiice. And tlierfore 
 fucho llefdie or fylhe as is t;iken and kylled in tln.fe regions, can not bee preferued from 
 putrefaction except it be rolled, fodden, or ]K'rboyKle, tlie fame daye that it is kylde. And 
 whcras 1 haue fayile that f«< h regions are naturally hot, and yet temperate by the prouidence 
 of god, it is fo in deedc. And therfoie not without caufe tlie auneient autours were of opinion 
 diat the burnte lyne or Torrida zona where palTcdi the lyne of the Kijiiinoc tiall, flnilde be 
 vnhabitable by reafon the foonne hath greater dominion in that ])lace then in any other of the fphere, 
 remaynynge continually betwenc the two troi)ykcs of Cancer and Capricornc. For when in thefe regions the 
 earth is opened or dygged from the fuperficial ])arte therof to the depth of a mans heyght, it is founde 
 temperate. And within this fpace, the trees an' ,plantes fallen and fpreade their rootes, and no dieper. 
 Kxtendynge the fame as farre in breadth in the ground as do their l)raunches in the ayer: And enter no dieper 
 into the grounde then I haue fayde, bycaufe that benelh the depth of the faid fpace of a mans heyght, the earth 
 is vetye hotte, the vpper parte beinge temperate and veryc moytle afwell by reafon ot th[e]aboundaunce of water 
 whiche fauleth from heauen vpi)on that earth at certeyne ordinarie feafons of the yeare, as alfo for tlie multitude 
 of great r) uers, brokes, fjirynges and maryfflies, wherby the myghtie and fuprcme lorde which made thefe landes, 
 hath molle prudently prouyiled for the perftruation of the fame. 
 
 R. E. As toucliyiifje tills poynt wliiclic was vnknowen to the owlile wrylers, and without conrideration wherof reafon can not 
 perfectly ciiiiccaue liowo temperate rejjloiis (Imlile be vnder the K<iiiinocii:)ll lytic, I haue thought good for the belter nianifertynge 
 of this recreate woorke of ii.iture, to note ovvte of Cardaniis his bookc de Kleiuentis, howe all waters haue llieyr courfe toward the 
 South as to the lowclt part of the earth. lie wryleth therefore as folowelh. The water was made of leffe ipuntitie then the earth 
 and only in nianer in the fiiperficiall parte therof, th.it place might bee Icfie for the habitation of bealles, and that water by his could- 
 nelTe myglii temperate and not deftroy the lyfe of bealles. And bicaufe this generation of lyiijriige creatures, was only necelTary on 
 the fuperliciall parte-, of the earth in comparifon to the hole, therforc was the water made to occupie onely the fuperficiall parte, in 
 the which, metals, plantes, bealles, and fyfflics fliulde bee miryflied. And bycaufe there was great perell leafl it fliulde be to much 
 confumed by the ayer and heate of the foonne, conlinuall mouinge was ioyneU to it, wherby it gathereth couldiies and is prefcrucd 
 from fmleyne refolution. For fuche waters as do not moue, do(j I lone piitrifie, and are eafely rcfolued into ayer. I!y reafon wherof 
 nature i)r(iuydcd for the generation of water in couUle places, as > iidcr the poles and mount.iynes. And whereas the earth vmler the 
 liquinoctiall fliulde otherwifc for lacke of nioyUer liaue bin to much bunteil .ind fcuitlied, nature alfo prouydeil thi\t that parte of the 
 earth fliulde bee lowefl, by reafon whereof all waters haue theyr courfe towarde the South to mitig.ate with moyftcr tli[e]extremitie of 
 heate which otherwife fliulde haue byn intullcrable in th.it clymc. And by this reafon the famous ryuer of Nilus in Kgypte. albeit it 
 haue his origiiiall and fprynge, owt of the mounlaynes of the monc cauled Monies \.\\ ,c ncre vnto the cyrcle of Capricorne, yet run- 
 nyiige with all his braunches vnder and beyonde the Kc|uinoctiall cyrcle, it ilifpailctli l!ii iwgh owt the burnt line of Torrida zona, and 
 by the fame vyolent courfe fauleth into owre fea Here vnto the citie of Alexandria. It » i-. ncce(T;>ry therfore that the gre.iteft parte of 
 tlie coulde and moyft element fliulde haue recourfe tliytheraiid confyfl there, where.is was the gre.itell neceflUie therof to temper the 
 heate of ihe foonne by inoyllynge and coolynge the cartlic and the .lyer, as vnder the Kipiinoctiall. And herewith alfo hath mod 
 prudent n.iture prouyded for the fecuritie and lueferualion of the pl.ices lyinge belwene botlie tli[e]extremilics of heate and colde, as 
 betwene the poles and the lj|uiiioctiall. Kortlie waters flowynge euer one wayes and kcpynge one courfe, no regions can be drowned 
 by fluddes : which thynge llicy well obfenie that delyuer ficldcs from inundations or ouertlowynges, and that take in hanile to drye 
 vp niaryflhes. If llierfoie waters had not theyr courfe and faul towarde places lowe or declynynge, the hole earth fliulde bee ouer- 
 llowne as a marryflhe. And that the moft declynynge parte rtiuUle bee towarde the South, and funiwhat hyglier about the poles, the 
 caufe is afwell the conluniyngc heate of the foonne in the Soulhe p.irles, as the preferuynge couhle of the hygh mountaynes nere to 
 the pules. l"or we haue cU where jiroued that heate confumeth and walleth a> coulde gathereth and iireferuetli. And for this caufe 
 that parte of the earthe that is iieatefl the poles, is, was, and euer flialbe highefl, and likewife lowell in the middeft fuitheft from 
 the poles. And therfore it was not conuenient that the fonnefludd liaiic his courfe on euery fyde, neither to the poles. For if it weare 
 caryed alyke to euery parte throughowt the worlde, it is necerary that the cirth liee eipiall : and by that reafon fliulde it euer bee 
 altogether dryed, or elles all ouerllowed with water, liut where as this coulde not fulTyce to the free courfe of ryuers for the often 
 inlercourfe of higher places lyinge in the waye, whereby ouerflowynges and Hayes of waters and their corruption myglit enfuc, 
 moofle prouy<lent nature hath gyuen this priuileage to water that it inaye fo niuehe afcende as it hath difcendcd : that by this mcancs 
 palTynge ouer mountaynes and liylles, it niaye at the length bee caryed into the fea. etc. llytlierto Cardauus, letle vs nowe retumc 
 to the hiflorie. 
 
 There are alfo many roughe and hyghe mountaynes with temperate ayer and pleafaunt, cleare and 
 moderate nightes. Of tlie wiiiche particularitie the auneient writers hauyng no certeyne knowleage, alfyrmed 
 
 •«7 
 
 184 
 
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 2l8 
 
 The hyjfonc of fhe vvc/i Indies. 
 
 183 
 
 the faiil burntc lync or Torrida zona, or Kii'i.iociial to be naturally vnhabitable. As touching which thing I 
 am able to witneflfe the contrary by icn'.uonie ol" fyglit and fcclyng as by moll ccrteine fenfcs, hauyng liued 
 many ycarcs in thcfe regions, by reafoi. wherof btltor t rcdit ought to be giuen to me then to fuche as haue 
 grounded their opinion onely vpon conicctures. And to fpeake furtlier of tiie fytuation of thefe rcgyons, yowe 
 Ihall vnderflande that the coalle of the Nnrtlic fea, bcynge in the goullc of l'rii/>a and in the porte o( Daritna, 
 where the fliyppes arryue whic he coome owte of Spayno, is in the fyxte degree and a halfe, and in the feuenth, 
 and from fyxe and a halfe vnto eyght, cxceptc a fmaule pointe which cnterelh into the fea toward the North. 
 Thct jtointe which of this laml and new parte of the worldo lieth mofle towarde the lurt, is the cape of faincte 
 Auguftine wliich is in the eight degree. So that the faid goulfe of rralhi is diflant from the Kciuinoctiall lyne, 
 from a hundrcth and twentie to a hundrcth and ihirtie leaqucs and tliree ((uarlers of a leaciue after th[e]accompte 
 of xvii. leaipies and a halfe for euerye degree from pole to ])()le. And thus for a lyttle more or leffe, goeth all 
 the coafte. Hy reafon wherof, in the citie of Sii/i^a Maria An/ii/ua in Uaricna, and in all that courfe of the 
 forfayde goulfe of I'tal'a, at all tymes of the yeare the dayes and nyghtcs are in maner of cquall lengtli. And 
 if there bee any dyfference belwcne theym by reafon of this fmaule dillance from the K(|uinoctial, it is fo lyttle, 
 that in. xxiiii. houres m.ikynge a natural! daye, it canne not bee perceaued but by the iudgement of fpeculatiue 
 men and fuche as vnderllande the f[)liere. From henfe the North (larre is feene very lowe Anil when the 
 llarres which are caulcd the wardens of the north ftarre, are vndcr the charlotte, it can not bee feene, bycaufe 
 it is vnder the horifont.d. And whereas I haue fayde beefore that it rayneth in thefe regions at certeyne 
 ordinarie tymes, it is fo ii deede. For it is wynter and fummcr there at contrary tymes to that whii he is in 
 Sp.ayne, where the greateile roulde of frolk' and rayne is in December and January; And the greateft heate of 
 fommer aboute faynt Johannes daye at myilfonuner or in tlie moneth o( luly. liut in golden Caflile or 
 Jlirai^iia, it is contrary. For the fonuner and tyme of grcatefl drowght and withowt rayne, is at Chr)flmas and 
 a moneth before and a moneth after. And the tyme when it r.ayneth moll, is about midfommer and a moneth 
 before and a moneth after. ;\nd this feafon whiche they caulo wynter, is not for that it is any coulder then, 
 then at any other tyme of the yeare, or hotter at Chrillmas then at other feafons, the tyme in thefe regions 
 being euer after one maner, but for that that in this tyme which they caule wynter, the foonne is liyd from theyr 
 fyghtes by reafon of cloudes and rayne more then at other tymes. Vet forafnuich as for the mode i)arte of the 
 yeare they lyue in a cleare, oi)en, and temperate ayer, they fuuiwhat dirynke and feele a lyttle coulde dur}-nge 
 the tyme of the faid moifl and cloudy ayer, altliowgh it bee not coulde in deede, or at the leatl fuche coulde 
 as hath any fenlible (harpenes. 
 
 C Of dy lien Part iailay f/iynges, as loooynics, ferpcntes, beafies, 
 
 fonles, trees, etc. 
 
 Any other thynges myght be fayde, and much difTeryng from thefe wherof I haue fi)oken. 
 llut to lette pafle the multitude of thynges whiche are as variable as the power of nature is 
 infinite, ami to f|)eake of fuche thynges as coome chiefely to my rememberaunce as nioofle 
 woorthy to be noted, I wyll fyrfte Ipeake of certeyne lyttle and troubelous beaflcs whiche 
 niayc feeme to bee engendered of nature to moled and vexe menne, to fliewe them and 
 gyue them to vnderfland howe fmaule and vyle a thynge may offende and tlif(iuiete them, 
 to th[e]ende that they maye remember the ])rync ipall emle for the whiche tliey were created, 
 that is, to knowe theyr maker and procurer of theyr faluation by the waye whiche is oi)en to all Chrillian men 
 and all other whiihe wyll open the eyes of theyr vnderdanilyuge. And although the thynges whereof wee 
 entende nowe to fpeaki? may feeme vyle and lytde to bee elleemed, yet are they woorthy to bee noted and 
 confydered to vnderlland the difference and variable woorkes of nature. So it is therfore, that where.is in 
 many partes of the firme lande by the which afwell the Chridians as Intlians doo trauel, there are fuch niar)fflies 
 and waters in the way that they are fayne t(j go withowt breeches amonge the herbes and weedes, by reafon 
 wherof, certeyne fmaule bealles or woormes (which they caule Garapatcs) much lyke vnto tykes, cleaue fafl to 
 theyr legges. Thefe wormes are as little as the pouder of beaten fait: /\nd cleaue fo fad that they can by no 
 meanes be taken away except the place bee novnted with oyle. And after that the legges bee noynteil awhyle 
 with oyle, or the other partes where thefe lyttle tykes are follened, they fcrape the place with a knyfe and fo 
 take them away. 15ut the Indians whiche haue no oyle, fmoke them and burne them with fyer, and abyde 
 great peynes in takynge them awaye by this meanes. Of other lyttle beaftes which trouble men and are 
 
 I i 
 
The hyjlohe of the wejle liuiies. 
 
 210 
 
 engcnflc[re(l] in theyr heades or other partes of thoyr Ixxlics, I fayc that the Chriflian men which trauell into 
 thefc partes, liauc ihcni l)Ut fclilonic lyiiics, and llial not p.ill one or two, ami tins .illb very fclilonii.'. Kor 
 palTyngc l)y the lyni: of the I)iaincti'r where the coi.ipall'e inakethe (hiiereiue of faylyiij,'e l>y the wynde caided 
 (jrav, (that is North Ivift) and Miv^ijlra/, (that is I'oiith well) whiih is in tlie coiirle uf the ll.Mules oi Azori, 
 they fayle hut a lytlle way folowing owre vyaj;e by the well, liut tliat all the lyfc which the Chrillians cary witii 
 them, or are engendered in theyr heades or otlier places of theyr bodies, dye and vtterlye confume by lytlle ami 
 lyttle, and are not eiij^endered in India exceptc in the heades of lyttle ch)ldren in tiiol'e partes al'wel amon>;e 
 the chyldren of the Chrillians which are borne there, as alfo ainonge the nat\iral Indians who haue theyni 
 commonly in theyr heades anil finnetymes in other partes of theyr bodyes, and efpccially they of the prouim e 
 of Citfua, whi( h is a region conteynynge more then a hiinilreth leaipies in len^jth, and enibrafeth the one and 
 the other co.ill of tile North fea and of the Kail. When thefe Indians are infected with tliis fylth) neffe, they 
 dreffe and i leii e one an other. And they that exercife this, are for the molle parte women who eatc all that 
 they take; And haue herein fiich dexleritie by rcafon of theyr exercife, that owre men can not lyghtly atteyne 
 iherunto. There is alfo another thynge greatly to bee confjclercd. And this is how the Chrillian men beinge 
 there cleane fronie this fylthynes of India, afwell in tluyr lieades as the relle of theyr bodyes, yet when they 
 returne to coomme ageyne into I'"uroi)e and bepyn to arryue in that place of the Ocean fea where wee fayde 
 beture that liie lyfe dyed and furfoke iheni, fuddenly in theyr repalfynge by the fame clynie (as thoiighe the lyfe 
 had taryed for them in that place) they can by no meanes auoyde theyin for the fpace of certeyne dayes 
 although they change theyr fliertes two or three tymes in a day. Thefe lyfe are at the fyrlle as lyttle as nyttes, 
 and growe by lyttle anil lyttle vntyl they bee of the byggenefl'e that they are in Sp.iyne. This haue I often 
 tymes proiied, hauyngc nowe foure tymes palTeil the Ocean fea by this vyage. 
 
 Befyde thefe woormes and verniyn wherof we haue fpokcn, there is another lyttle niifcheuous woorme, 
 whiche we may number anionge tiie kyniles of lleas. This pellilence the Indians caule A'/i,7/(i: And is much 
 leffe then a Ilea. It perfeth the (leflie of a man, and fo l.umfeth or cutteth the fame (while in the meane tyme 
 it can nolher bee feene nor taken) that from fume it hath ci.tte ot tlieyr handes, iMul from other theyr fiete 
 vntyll the remedy was founde to annoynte the place with oyle and fcrajie it with a rafoure. 
 
 In the firme lande in golden Cailyle or licriif^mi, there are many vypcrs lyke vnto them of Spayne. They 
 that are bytten of them, dye in fliort fpace. For fewe lyue to the fourtlie daye except prefent remedy. Of 
 thefe, fume are of a lelTe kind then other: .And haue theyr t.i>le fumwhat roimde, and leape in the aycr to 
 afiayle men. And for this caufe, fume caule this kynde of vypers I'yro. Theyr bytyng is moll vcnemous, and 
 for the niofle parte incurable. One of theym chaunced to byte an Irilian mayde whiche feructl me in my 
 houfe, to whome I caufed the furgians to mynifter theyr ordinarye cure, but they collide doo her no good, nor 
 yet get one droppe of bluilde owt of her, but only a yelowe water, fo thai Ihee died the thyrd day for lai ke of 
 remedy as the like hath chaunced to dyuers other. This niayde was of tlife].ige of. xiiii. yeares and fpoke the 
 Spanyfihe toonge as yf fliee had byn borne in Cailyle. ijhee liiyde that the vyiier whiche bytte h' on the 
 foote, was two fiiannes longe or lyttle lefle. And that to byte her fliee lepte in the ayer for the fpr .e of more 
 then fyxe fpaces, as I haue harde the lyke of other credible perfons. 
 
 I haue alfo feene in the firme lande, a kynde uf adilers very fniaule and of feuen or eyght foote longe. 
 Thefe are fo redde that in the nyght they appcare lyke burnynge coole.s, and in the day feeme as redde as 
 bludde. Thefe are alfo vcnemous, but not fo much as the vypers. There are other much leffe and fliorter and 
 blacker. Thefe coome owt of the ryuers and wander fumtymes farre on the lande, and are lykwyfe vcnemous. 
 There are alfo other adders of a nilTet coloure. Thefe are fumwhat bygger then the vyjiers, and arc hurtful and 
 vcnemous. There are lykewyfe an other forte of manyc coloures and very longe. Of thefe I fawc one in the 
 ycare of Clirill 1515. in the Hand of Ilijpanhla ncre vnto the fea colles at the foote of the mountaynes cauled 
 Pedernaks. When this adder was llayne, I meafured her and founde her to be more then. xx. foote longe, and 
 fumwhat more then a mans fyfl in byggenes. .\nd althoughe flie hadde three or foure dcadely woundes with a 
 fwoorde, yet dyed Ihee not nor floonke the f.ime daye, in fo much that her bludde continued warme all that 
 tyme. There arc alfo in the niaryflhes and defertes of the firme l.inile many other kyndes of lyfertes, dragons, 
 and other dyuers kyndes of ferpentcs wherof I entcnde not here to fpeake much, bycaufe I haue more 
 particulerly entreated of thefe thynges in my gcncrall hillorie of the Welle Indyes. 
 
 There are alfo fpiders of niarueylous bygnelTe. And I haue feene fumnie with the body and legges, bygger 
 then a mannes hande extended euery waye. And I ones fawe one of fuclie bygnefle, that onely her bodye was as 
 bygge as a fparowe, and full of that laune wherof they make their webbes. This was of a ilarke ruffette coloure, 
 with eyes greater then the eies of a fparow. They are vcnemous and of terrible fliape to beholde. There are alfo 
 fcorpions and dyuers other fuche vcnemous wonnes. Wherby we maye fee, that where as natural caufes and intlu- 
 ence of the pianettes are of ftrongetl actiuitie, they ceafe not to engender and brynge foorlhe bothe good and badde 
 accordynge to the difpofytion of the matter, whiche they alfo doo partely difpofe as the phylofophers aflyrme. 
 
 186 
 
 AVi'/.,i. 
 
 Vyptri 
 
 AJilcr*. 
 
 Dr.tgon». 
 187 
 
 ! 
 
 t 
 
 
 /" 
 
220 
 
 The liyjioyic of flic vvcjic Indies. 
 
 !l! 
 
 1 
 
 (.'LiMfS. 
 
 Srrpn.u'N i julcil 
 
 liianni. 
 
 188' 
 
 HyHe*. 
 
 A vriv lylllc 
 bynlot 
 
 Kiirllicrniore in the fyrmc l.inde, there arc manye toailes heyiij; very noyo\is and hurtefiil by rcafon of 
 their great niiiltitmle. They arc not veneiuous. I'lioy are fcciie in j;rc.ito al)()iinilanr'j in Dariaia where they 
 arc fo bygn*-' ''^-i' when they dye in the time of droutli, the hones of fiiin of tlieni (ami efiierialiy the ryl)bc.s) 
 are of fuehe Rreatneffc that tiiey ajjpcre too bee the bones of rattes or of finnine other l)ea(les of the fame 
 bj-pjicnefle. liiit as the waters dyr. iniihe and the moyHure confuiMolli in the tyme of drontii (as I liaiie fayde) 
 lliey alfr. confume therwilh vntyli the yeare nexte folowiny when the rayne and nioylhire increafe, at whichc 
 tyme tliey are feenc ageyne. Neuertlielelfe, at tliis prefent, there is no fiicii (juantitie of them as was wontc to 
 bee, by reafon that as the land is belter cuUiircd by the Ciirillians, as well by the fellynge of wooddes ar.d 
 flirubbes as alfo by the failure of kine, horfes, and other bealles, fo is it apparent that this poyfon diminilheth 
 dayly, wherby tl;;;' regyon Decc.melii more hollbine and pliMfaunt. Thefe toades fynge after three or fourc 
 fortes. For fanime of tlum fynj;e pleafauntly: oilier, lyke owres of Hpayne. Summe alfo whilUe: and other 
 fi'inmc make an c/thcr nianer of noyfe. They are lykewyfe of dyuers colours: as fiiinme grcenc, fummc 
 ruflette or grey, and fuixime alniod bl.icke. Ihit of all fortes, they are great, and fylthye, and noyous by rcafon 
 of theii Kveat niiiUitude: yet are they no» vencmous as I haiu' fiyde. 
 
 There are alfo a flr.u'.ii^e k)ndir of rrabbes, whiche eoonie foorlhc of certeyne holes of the earth that the/ 
 them fellies make. The IumiI and boilye of thefe, make one roundc thing niiulic lyke vnto the hoodc of a 
 f.iwkon; haiiynge fourc fcete lomniyng owt of the one fydc and as many owt of the other. They hauc alfo 
 two nioutlies like vnto .1 )uire of fniaule piiifers, the one byj^ger then the other, wlierwith they byte, but do no 
 great hiirte bycaufe they are not vencmous. Their Ikyii and horlye is huoot'ie and tliynne as is the (kynne of 
 a man, fau)nge that it is fumwhat harder. Their colour is rulTette or white, or blewe, anil walke fydelonge. 
 They arc very good to bee eaten: Info muche that the Cluillia;is traiiayling by the fyrnie lanile, liaue byn 
 greatly niiryllhcd by them bycaufe they arc founde in nianer eucry where. In fliape and forme, they ap; 
 muche Uko vnto the crabbe which wc p.iynte for the f>gnc Cancer, and like vnto thofe which are found \w 
 .Spaine in .inJ.iiuiuj in tiie ryuer Guadalthibcr where it cni' iith iiilo the fea, and in the fea coalles thendioi t, 
 fauynge that thefe arc of the water and the other of the l.iiule. They arc fumtymes hurtefull, fo that they that 
 eate of ihcm dye. Hut this chaunceth oncly vdieii they haue e;iteii any vencmous thyng, or of the vcnePious 
 apples wlierwith the C'.mih.ilc archers poyfon their arrowcs wherof 1 wyll I'pc.ikc hereafier. And for this ciuile 
 the C'hrilli.ius t.ike hede liowe they cite of thefe eralibcs if they fyiide tliciii uorc vnto the fayd apple trees 
 
 l-'unhermore in thefe Irdics, .liwell in the fyrmc l.iiide .is in the ll.indcs, there is fouiide a kynde of 
 fcrpentes, which they caule. V. V. ivuts, which fiimme ciule liiannas. Thefe arc terrible and fearefull to fyght, 
 and yet not hurtefull. They are very delicate to bee eaten, and il is not yet knowen whether they be bealles 
 of the lande or fyllies, byc.iulc they lyue in the water, and w.iiidcr i i the woddcs and on the lande. They h.iue 
 foure feete, and are comiiioiily bigger then coniiies ami in luiuiue |)l,ues b\L;i;er then otters, with tayles l\kc 
 lifartes or eutes. Their Ikyniic is fpotted. and of the liinic kynd of hnolhuelle ur barenclfe, ;ilthoiigh of dyiiers 
 colours. Vpon the ridge of their backes, they hauc many long prickes. Theyr teethe arc very lliarpe, and 
 efi)e( ially theyr fanges or dogge teeth. Their throtes are longe and large, re;icliynge from their beardes to 
 their brc.illes, of the lyke I'kyunc to the i<l\(hue of their bodyes. They are diuniue, and h.uie no vo\ie or 
 make any noyfe or crye although tliey bee kept lyde to the foote of a 1 helle or any otluT tli)iigc for the Ipace 
 of XX. o.' XXV. dayes withowt any ihyng to eatc or drynke, cxcepte they gyue them nowe and then a lytlle of 
 the breade of Cazabbi, or fumnie inch other thyng. They haue foure feete, and their fore feete as longe as a 
 mans iViiger with 1 l.iwcs l\ke the < l.iwes of a byrde, but weaker, and hichc .is can not giifple or t.ike holde of 
 any thviigc They are nun he better to bee c.ileii then to behokle. I'';jr fewe th.it fee tlieiii, wyll h.iue dcfyie 
 to c;ite of them, liy rcafon of their hoirihle fliapc evccjite fuciic .is haue byn accullomed to the be;illes of thefe 
 regyons, whiche .ire more horrible and fe.irei <ll, as this is not but oiiely in apparcnce. 'I'lieir Helhe is of much 
 better talle then the llelhe of coiuiycs and more h.ollome. For it hurte h none but onely filch as haue had the 
 frciillu; pove. In fo nun h that if tiny '..me ouely byn touched of tli;it infynn'.tie, .ilthough they h.iue byn hole 
 of longe t)iiic, ncuerlhclelfe they feelc hurte and coniplayiie of the e.'.tynge o^ thele IiMnmn, as hath byn olten 
 iynic:: proucd by experience. 
 
 There are founde in the fyrmc lande certeyne byrdes fo lytile th.it the hole body of one of theym is no 
 bvgger then the toppe of the byggell fyiiger of a m.ius li.inde. .md \et is the b.ire body will, owt the fetliers not 
 )i,ille halfe fo bvgge. This byrde, liclyde her lyttleiies, is of fiu h \elocitie .ind (wyl'liies in f.yillg th.it who fo 
 feeth her lleing in the ayer, can not le her llap or beate her winges :ilter any other fort tticii ilo the dorres or 
 humble bees or betels: )o that there is no man that feeth her Ilie, that wold think her to be any other then a 
 done. Tluy m.ike their iiclles .k 1 ordyng to the pioi)ortion of their bignes. And I Ii.uie feene that one of 
 thefe byrdes with her nell pat i;i .1 p.iire of gold wci,i;hts, ahogeilier h.ith waid no more then. ii. 7','niini, 
 whiili .ire in poife. 24. grains, • tli the fctheis with out the wliiih Ihe IliiiMe haue wayed lum.vhat lelVe, .And 
 doubt lelVe when I coiifider the fynenelfc of the cLiwes and feete of thele biides, I kiiowc not wliervnto I in.iy 
 
 
The liyjloyic of tlic vvcjlc Indies. 
 
 221 
 
 I 
 
 IV rtljli 
 
 better liken them then to the lyttlc bynles whiche tlie 1> nitners of bookes are acniflomed to paynte on the inar- 
 gentes of » luiitlic hookcs and other liookes of dcuinc fcruice. Their fetlicrs are of many fiire eolours as noKlen ; 
 \elowe and Kreeiie liefide other variable colours. Their bcake is verye lon^e for the i)ro|i()ftion of theyr bodies: 
 ai'.d as fyne and fiibiile as a fowyng nedle. They are very hardye; fo that when they fee a man > JMiie the 
 tree where they liaiie theyr nelles, they llye at hys fic e and (Iryke hym in the eyes, eoniniyng, );o\ nj;e, and 
 retournyn^^e with fiu h l\v\lli.,'s, that no man wolde lightly beleue it that hath not feene it. And i eiteidy tliife 
 byrdes are fo lyttle, that I durll not haiie made mention hereof if it were not that diners other which haue 
 feene them as wel as I, can beare witnes of my faying. Tl-.ey ma"-:e their nelles of lloekes and heare of rotten : 
 wherof there is ;,'reat iilenlie in tliefe regions, and feruelh wel fo- theyr piiriiufe. lint .is tout liyng the Inrdes, 
 lollies, ,ilid bealK's i^S tliele Indies, byi ante tliey are imuinuiabli' bolhe lyttle and greate, I iiitende not to j 
 fpeake miu lu lu.ue, liyLiiile I h.uie fjiokeii more largely hereof in my generall hyllorye of the liidyes. , 
 
 There is an other kynde of bealles feeni- in the fimie land wliich feeined very llr.iuiih'e and marueiloiis to ii...mc«. 
 the C'hiWli.m men to beholde. and iiiiu he dilTerynge from all other bealles which h.iiie byn feene in other 
 l>aites of the worlde. Thefe bealles are cauled BaiJitti: And are foil re footed, hailing their l.iile aiul .i! the 
 rell oftluyr bodies < oiiered onely with a (kyn lyke the (o|nrtiiie of a barbed horfe or the chckeied Ikvnno ol 
 a lyfirte or Cro<odyle, of coloine betwene wh\!e and riiilet, iiu lynynge fiinuvhat more to wlivie. 'I'liis beall. 
 is of forme and lha])e much lyke to ,i barbed horfe with his barbes and llankettes in all poynies. .\nil troia 
 vnder that whi( h is the barbe and cojierliire. the tayle coninieth foorUi, and the leete in theyr jilaee, the necke 
 alio and the eares in tlu\r partes, and in lyne all thynges in ly\e lorie as in a b.irbed i oiirfir. They are of 
 the bygnes of one of tlul'e common dogge"?, They are not hiirtfill. They are fyllh)', and haue the) r h.ilpit.i- 
 tion in cerlen hillockes of earthe where i';Tginge with there fcete they make ineii <'i.ns verv deci)e and the holes 
 therof in like maner .as do coimyes. '1 !iev are verye excellent to be eaten, and are taken with nettes and Ibin 
 alfo killed with < rolbowes. 'I'hey are lykewife vaken often tyines when the hulband nun biirne the flubl'le in 
 fowyng time, or to renewe the herhige for kyne atvl other be.ilUs. I haue olli n limes e.ilen of tlieir ilellie 
 which femeth to me of better tall th.cn kyddes lleihe, and holl'ome to be eaten. And if thefe be.illes had eiier 
 byn feene in thefe partes of the wo irlde where the lirll barbed horfes had their original, no man wold iiidge 
 but that the forme and fallliion of the copertiire of horfes furnilhed lor the warres wa.s tyrlle deiiyfed by the 
 fyght of thefe bealles. 
 
 'I'lure is alio in the \irme lande an oilier beafle cauled Oifi^ Fiomij^itny, that is, the .\iite bearc. This lieallo 
 in heare and coloure, is mu. li lyke to the beare of Sp.iyne, and in maner of the lame makynge f uie that he hath 
 a mu( h longer fnowt ant. is of euyll fyght. They are often tyines taken only with daues without an- other 
 \\ea|)oii, and are not hurtful. They are alio taken with dogges byiaufe they are iie-t n.iliiially armed altliowgh 
 they byte fumwhat. They are louiuie for the mode parte about and iieate to the h)IUHkes where are gre.it 
 .ibumlau ', e of antes. For in thefe regioi'.:; is eu'.'enderid a certeyiie kynde of antes \er> lyttle and bl.u ke, in 
 the fyeldt's and ])laynes where as growc no tret i, where by th[e]iiitlinct of nature ihel'c antes feparatc them 
 felues to engender far from the wooddes for fe.iie of thefe beares: 'I'he whii he bycaiife they are fearefull, vyle, 
 and \nanurd (is 1 li.uie fiuK) they keepe euel in pl.ices lull of trees vntyll very fameii and necellilie, or the 
 great di lire that iIua h.iue to liede ot thcle antes, caufe tlieui to Ciionime owl of t!u' wooddes to Ininle lor them. 
 Thefe antes make a h\ llocke of earth to the lu\ght of a man, or fumw hat more or left'-, .md as bygge as a great 
 ehell, and fumtymes as b\gge as a butte or a hogges he.id, and as hard a;i a Hone; So th.it they feeme as 
 thoughe they were llones let vp to lymytte th|e|endes and confines of < ertevne landes. Within tliele hyllotkes 
 m.ide of moll h.irde earth, are innuiner.ible ami iiilinile l\Ule anli >. die whuh tii.i) bee g.illiered by bullu lies 
 when the h> « ke is broken. The whii h when it is UiiiUMues moMleil by ra)ne and then dryed agiyne by the 
 heate oi tlie i (unie, it bre.iketh and hath certeyne I'maiil ryltes ,is lyttle and fuhtyle as the edge of a knyl'c. 
 And It feiiuth that nature hath gyiien fenfe to thefe .Antes to l\nde fueh a m.itter of e.irth wherwith they nuiy 
 1 ike the fnde liilloi ke of fiii he hanleiies lli.it it mav toeme a llronge i .uienunt m.ide ol luiie and Hone. And 
 wheras 1 li.iiie pioiuil .mil ciufi-d fuiii of tluiii to bei' broken, I hivp loiinde tlieim o( fiiihe hardenes as if I had 
 not feene I coukle not haue beleaued: In fo muche that they oiilde fearcely iiee broken with pykes of Iren: 
 .So flronge fortrelfes doo thefe lyttle bealles mike for theyr laikgarde ageynll theyr atliierfarie the beaiv, who is 
 chielely iiiir>Mhed by them, and gyueii them as in eneinie. .uconlynge to the i oininon prouerbe whieh faylh. 
 A'(>',' (• iti'iiif'it pirfoiht U iilvia, a ,h:mnih/ii il fih' /ui<:;M>: Tl at is, tlure w no iii.in fo tree th.it h.ith not his 
 periecutour or pryiiie eiieniie. And here when I conljdrr the manieloiis pr.'Uideiice whuh inline h.iih g\iien 
 to thefe lyttle boddies, I caiile to remeinbraiinee the wittic fenteiice ot 1 linie, whc-; ipeakyng of fm h lyttle 
 bealles, he l.ivth thus. Why dot) we luaruayle at the towrebearynge Ihouid'.r-. ol Klephantes, and noi rither 
 when- natine h.itlii' pl.wetl fo in.my femes and fut he iiuliillry in liu he lyttle bodilus? where is hvarynge, j 
 Inullynge, lecinge, anil trt-Unge, )e, where are the \,i)His and .irteries (witlioia which no be.ille can l)ue or 
 moue) in thile lo lyttle b. -Idles whereof liiine are to fmaule that theyr hole bi>ddii.-s can fcirlely be fcne .>f owr | 
 
 189 
 
 llcim 
 
 Aiiluv 
 
 mj 
 
 h 
 1 
 
w^ 
 
 • « 
 
 222 
 
 T//r //y/fcie of the vvejlc Indies. 
 
 190 
 
 whit lie »ci'incl)i .1 
 lynj ..f 
 Oumcicuii. 
 
 eyes, what (liall we then faye of the jiartcs of the fame? Yet eucn anionge thcfe are there many of fiich fagacitic 
 and inihulryc as the lykc is not fccnc in licafles of greater ([iiantitic, no nor yet in man, etc. Hut to rcturne to 
 the hyllorif. 'I'liis cnunuc which n:!liirc hath gyiicn to ihcfc lyltlo l)LMlk's, vfcth tliis maner to aflayle them. 
 Wlien he refortethe to llio liyllockc wIhtc the antes lye hid as in tiicyr fortrefle, he putteth his toonge to one of 
 the ryftcs whcrofwc haue f|iokcn Wwv^ as I'lihtylc as tlie ed^f of a Iwoorde, and tliere with contiiuiaii lyckynge, 
 m.iketh tile i>l.ire nioyll, the fome and froth ol his mouth l)eii)f;e of fiu h propi-rtie that l)y continisal lycking the 
 place, it enlargcth the ryfte in fuch fort liy I) Itle and lyttlc. that at the length he cafcly putteth in his toonge 
 whiche he liatli very long'' ami thynne, and much ilifproporlionate to his bodye. And when he iiatli thus made 
 free palVage for his toonge into the hyllocke to put it eafely in and ■ n t at his ]>leafure, then he thnillcth it into 
 the hole as farrc as he can rcachc, an<l lo Ictteih it rclle a good fpacc \ ntyl a great ijuantitie of the ant 's (whofe 
 nature rcioyfeth in hcatc .ind inoyflcr) haue laden In.-, tonge and as many as he can ronteyne in the liolowneflTe 
 thereof: at which fyme he fudileynly draweth it into liis month and eateih them, and returneth ageyne to the famn 
 practife iimnediatly \ni\i he h.uie eaten as nianye as hym lylleth, or as longe as he c;in reache any with his 
 tonge. 'the llelihe ol' this bealle, is fylthy and vnfauery. fJut by reafon of th[e|extreme fliyftes and neceffitie 
 that the Ciirilli.m nun were put to at tlieyr fyrll lommyngi; into (iiefe partes, tliey were inlorced to jirouc al 
 lh)nges and lo lei to lli[e|eatyng ot lliefe bealles. Hut when they had lomide more delycate meates, they (ell 
 into hatred with this. Thefe antes Iiaui- ih[e|ai)perai»nte of the ])lai e of their enterannce into the hyllocke, 
 \nder the gronnde. .\nd this at fo Iviile a hole that it coul<l h.irdely he founde yf < erieync of them were not 
 feene to i)alTe in and owt. Hut by this way the beares coidde h.uic no fuch poure to hurte them as aboue at 
 the f.iydi' r} fles as I haue fayde. There is an nlher llrange beafle whiche by a name of contr.iry effecte, the 
 .Spanyardes cauie ((/'.'""''''<' A'C'.'"'''''. '''■'• ''* •'"•' 'yn'^' dogge, wheras it is one of ilie llowelle bealles in the worlde, 
 and fo heaiiy and dull in mouynge th.it it canne fcarfelv go fyftie pafes in a hole day. 'I'hele bealles are in the 
 lirme lande, and are very Ihaunge to beholde for the dilproportion that they haue to all other Ix'afles. They 
 ,ire abowto two Ip.imies in length when they are growne to theyr full byggenetfe. Itiit when they are very 
 yonnge, they are fumewh.it more groiie then longe. They haue loure fublylc liete, ami in euery of them fome 
 clawes lyke vnto byriles, and ioyned tog)iher. \'et are nother theyr < l.iwes or theyr liete able to fulleyne theyr 
 botlyes from the gronnde. liy reafon wherofand by the heauynelle of theyr boddies, they drawe theyr beliyes 
 on the grounde. 'rhe)r ne<kes are hygh and ftreyght and all diuall lyke the peflle of .i morter, which is 
 altogyther eipiall euen muo the i(ip|ie withowt m.ikynge any jiroporlion or fnnililude of a headde, or any 
 dyftVrenre excepte in lh<- noddle. And in the top(>cs of ilwyr neckes, they haue verye roinidi' fai es n«u;h lyke 
 vnto osvles; .Ami haue a marke of theyr owne heare after the m.mer of a cyrcle whiche makethe theyr la... , 
 feeme fuinwhat more longe then large. I'hey haue finaule eyes and rounde: .\nd nollrylles lyke vnto munltcvs 
 They haue lyttle moutlies, and moue theyr neckes Irome one fyde to an other as thoughe ihey were alb)n)fl}ieii. 
 Theyr c!iiefe defvre .ind delyto is to i le.iue .md llvcke falle vnto trees or fume other tlijuge whereby they m.ty 
 clynie alofte. .\nd therfore for the molle p.irte, thefe be.illes are foim<le vpjton trees whervnto cleauynge (aft, 
 they mounte v|) by lyttle and lyttle, (leyinge them fellies by theyr longe clawes. The coiourc of theyr heare, 
 IS beiwene rnllei ,ind whyie. and of the proper coloure tA the heare ol a wefell. They haue no tayles, and 
 theyr voyce is mm li dvllVrynge fronie other be.illes: for they Iviige onely in the nyght : .\nd th.it cdntmii. illy 
 Irome tyme to tyiiie fyngynge eiier ly\e notes one hyglier then an oilier, fo laulyngc with tl ■ lame thai the 
 fyr(\e note is the hyghell and the other in a bafer tewno as yf a nun Ihnid fay La, Johju. mi, t,% r/. .So ihig 
 IrmH fayth, //.i. //</, /i<i, lut, //<;. //</. .Vnil doiibtelelVe, it feemeth vnto me, th.it as I h.iiie fayde in the chapiter 
 uf the bealle c.iuled lUuMili, that thofe bealles might bee tli|e|origin.ill .mil do< umeni lo imb.irbe horfes, euen 
 fo the fyrlle iiuientuie of muf\i ke inyght leeiiu b\ the hearynge of this belli to haut the fyrll principles of ihat 
 ftvence i.iti.er then by any other th) 'ge in the worlde. Hut nowe to relume to tlu' li)ll<»ne: I lay that in \ 
 Ihurte f|>ace after this beafle hath foonge and li.itli p.iiilrd a whyle, ihe returneth ageyne to the felfe fame fonge, 
 and doth this only in the nyght .md not in the d.iy. Hy reafon wherof am! iKo byr .niie of her eiiyll fyght, I 
 lh>i ^' her to bee a t,)glit bi'alle anil the freiide of darkenelVe. Sumiynus the Chnili.m meniie Iviide thefe 
 iK'allcs.ind brynge Meyin home to theyr houles, where alfo they crerpe .ill.ibowie with tlie)r natiir.ill Il')wenel1e, 
 in fo inuih that .lother for threatenynge or jiiyilMige they wyll inoue any fafter then tluyr natur.d and 
 aeculloined p.iie. And yf they fynile any trees, they creepe thyther iinniediatly, and mounte to the topjie ol 
 the hyghell braum he thereof, wlure they remaylie contimi.illy for tlu- Ipat e <if eyght, or teiiiu', or tweiilie d.iyes 
 without e.iiynge ol.my tliinge ;ls firre as .my m.in cm iiidge. And wher.is I my felfe haue kepte thejin in my 
 houfe. I collide neiicr perceaiie other but lli.ii they lyue onely of aver. .Niid of the liinie opinion are in maner 
 all men of thole regions, bycaufe they haue neiier feene them eale any thyiige, but euer turne theyr heades and 
 inoiilhes tow.irde that parte where the wynde bloweth moll: whereby may bee confyilered lh.it they take iiiollc 
 pleafiire in the a)er. Tlu) byte not, nor yet c.iii byte, h.niMig very l^tih' moutlies The) ,iri' not veiieinous 
 or noyous any way : but altogyther brulillie and vllerly viiprolytable ami without eoimnodiiie yet knowen to 
 
M' 
 
 The hyjloric of the vvejlc Indies. 
 
 223 
 
 men, fauyngc oncly to moue thcyr myndes to contemplate th[L']infinitL' jwnire of goil, who ilclytcth in the 
 varictic of creatures, whcrhy apinMrcth the poure of liis incomprchenfible wifedome ami maiellie To farre to 
 exceile the capa< itie of mans vnilcrflan(lynj;e. 
 
 In thefe rtnions tlierc are hkewife foiiiid ccrtcyiu' foiilcs or byrdcs whi( h the Indians canie /IA;i/nis. 
 Thefo are much byn^er then gecfc. 'I'lie greatcfl ])arte of tlicyr fthirs are of niffet coloiire, and in funic partes 
 yelowe. Tlieyr bylles or beakes are of two fpanncs in knj,'th anil veryc large neare to the headc. and growynge 
 fmaule towarde the poynte. They haue grcate and large thnites: And are much lyke to a foule whi( h I fawe 
 in Flaundurs in Urulfclles in yowrc maicllies pallaice which the Flemynges caule Haina. And I remember 
 that when yowr maiellie dyncd one day in y<i«re great liaule there was brought to yowre maicllies prcfcnce a 
 chaiuicnie of water with ccrle\ nc fyfllies alyiic, wliiirh the fayde foiilc did eale vp hole. And I thyiikc verely 
 that that foule was a foule of the lea bjcaiifc Ihee had ficte lyke foiilcs of the water as haue alfo thefe .t/,ii//iizi, 
 which are likewyfe funics of the lea: and of Inch grealneffe that 1 haue feene a iiolc cote of a man put into the 
 throates of one of theym in J\i>iiima in the yeare 1521. And forafmuch as in that (oaftc of /'///(//«<?, there 
 palfeth and li\clli a gnate inuhiiude of thefe ,//ivf/';</i/' beingc a thynge very liotal)le, I wyll d ■! lare tlu' maner 
 hereof as not oiuly 1, but alfo dyiurs otiur iiowe prefciite in yowre maicllies (niirte haue often t)iiies fcene. 
 Yowre maiellie ihall thcrfore viulerllanile that in this i>lai c (as 1 haue fayde before) the lea o( Sitr rylelh and 
 fauleth two leagues and more from fyxe houres to l)xc hourcs; fo that when ii incrcafctii, the water of the fea 
 arr)'uelh fo nearc l(» the hoiifes of J'liiiiwa as doth owre fea (cauled J/dir Mi\liliiiiiu-iim) in liarzalona or in 
 Naples. And wiicn the faui int rcafyug of the IVa cummeth, there conimcth alfo tlicrwitii lucii a multitude of 
 the finaule lyflhes cauled firdynes, that it is fo marueylous u thynge to bthohlc, that no man woidt beleue it 
 that hath not feene it. In fo much that the Caciijiu; (that \^) the kynge of that land at fueh lynie as I dwelt 
 there, was bouiule dayly as he was eommaunded by yowre inaieflies gouernour, to brynge ordynaryly three 
 canoas or barkes full of the fayile 'ard)nes and to vnlade the (ame in the markette place, whit he were after- 
 '.vartle by the ruler c)f the ( iiie iliuydcd anionge the Chrillian \\v:\\ without any colic or charge to any of them. 
 In fo much that yf the people had bin a nuich greater multitude then they were, and as many as arc at this 
 prefeiite in Tolalo or more, and I'.ad none other thynge to l)ue by, iluy myght haue byn fufliciently fulU-yncd 
 by thefe fardynes, byfyde th|e|inierpliis which lliulde h.uie rcmayned. l!ut to returne to the foules wherof we 
 haue fpoken. .\s the Ic.i commcih, .iiid the fard\ius with the fame, eiu n fo lykcwyfc coome the l.iule 
 .'//ivj//-!/:;/' thcrwith : and llye conlinu.iUy ouei it in luche .1 muliytude, th.it they appearc 10 couer lli[c|ujiper 
 parte or lloure of the water. And thus continue in moimtyngc and faulyngc from the ay er to the water, and 
 from the water to the ayer durynge all the tynie of theyr fyflhyngc. And as foonc as they haue taken ,iny of 
 thefe fardynes, they tlyc aboue the water and eate them im ontii.ently, and fuddeynly returne igiyne to the 
 water for umic, coiuimiuig thus couile by coiiife withowi ceafyngc. In lyke maiicr when the 1< i f.uiieth, they 
 folowe there lyflh)nge as I haue fayde. There goethe alfo in the coin|)any of thefe foule, an .aher kynde of 
 follies cauled Coda iii/tiiiiUa, (that is) the forked tayle, whereof I haue made mention before. .Ami as foone as 
 the Ah.itiaz nKninteth from tlw water with lur pray of the fardynes, fuildeynly this C\'Mi iii/i'iuiui gyueth her 
 fit many llrokes, and fo ]ierfei utetli lu r, that fliee c.iulcth her to K t fiule the lard\ius wI.k h llici' li.itli in her 
 niouiii. The wlii(h as looiie as they are fauliie, and before they yet tout h the water, the ti ',/<;////.■/,. //.i 
 catclicth them euen in the laule, in liu he forte that it is a great ple.ifitre to bcholde the eombatle betwcne them 
 all the daye loiige. The number of theie Alctihttizi is fucli, fhat the ('hryllian menne are accullomcd to fend 
 to certeync Uandes and roikes which .ire neare abowte /\tmiiiiij, \\\\\\ theyr boatcs or barkc; to take thcfc 
 v<j»-.i//i;33; whyle they are yet younge and lan not flye: and kyll a. many of them wiih fl.uu, as they wyll, 
 vntyll they haue therwith laden theyr b.irkes or canoas. Thefe younge ones are fo fatte and wel le(ld<' that 
 they (an not bee eaten. .\nd are taken for none other intent but only to make grcafe for camlci-. to burnc in 
 the nyght, for the whiche pur])ofe it fenieth very well; .iiid gyueth a cleare l\ght, and burnetii e.ifely. After 
 this maner and for this purpofe, innumer.ilile of them ,ire kyldr. .\ud yet it lieincth tli.it 1! nuiiibcr of them 
 that lylilie for firilyiies doo d.iyly iiicrc.ifc 
 
 There are other loules caiilcl /'•iffncj, /////<■; that is, limpK fparowes. Thefe are fumwhat leffe then lemewes: 
 ami haue tlieyr liete lyke vnto great malanlcs: .\nd flande in the water fimitynn ,. And when the (hyppes fayle 
 fyftie or a hundrith Icaijues abowte the Ilandes, tlule foules bchold\ii;e tlu' ihyppes commynt; tiw.irde them, 
 breake theyr llyght and laule dowiie \pon the fayle )ardes, malles, .ind cables therof .And ar t > liniple and 
 folyflie that they i.iry mii\!I iIuv ni.iye eafely be t.iken with mens lian^'ics, anil were therefore (.mlcd of the 
 maryners limple Iji.irou \ ,ne bl.H ke, and vppon their blackc, haue theyr heade and (houlders of fethers 
 
 of a d.irke rulTet 1 olouie i n. , ..re not good to bee eaten, althowgh the m.uiners haue fumtimes bin enforced 
 
 to eate iheni. 
 
 'There is ,111 other kynd. of byrdcs in the fyrmc lande, wl 
 
 IK h the Cluilli.iii c.iii 
 
 191 
 
 FniiiCs,.intlli>ri!tik 
 Ah.itraz. 
 
 /\lfr,iuiit. 
 
 192 
 
 le ruuli, bycaufe they haue | ''iVurt. 
 
 !l : 
 
 ■I 
 
 '; ' 
 
 very great bcakes in refpecie of the lytiknelfc of theyr bodilies; Tor the)r be. ikes are very heauy and w.i)e 
 
 ( I 
 
224 
 
 The /lyjione of the in'cjle Indies. 
 
 II I; 
 
 
 Ktih '-•Aw 
 
 1C3 
 
 Ct'tMHt^/f. 
 
 VlHl.l.lrlll 
 
 more then tlieyr hole boddycs l)yfyde. 'I'licfc liyrdcs .ire no hyuncr ihcii (|iiaylcs, hut h.iiic a murh greater 
 bulliemcnt of fethcrs, in fa much that thcyr fethiTs are more tlicn theyr boildies, Thcyr fetliers are very fayie 
 and of ninny variable colouns. Theyr bcakos are a (|iiarter of a yarde in Knuth or inori-. and l)endyngc downe 
 towarde tiie earthe, and three fyiigors lirode neare vnto tlie lieade. 'I luyr ton^'cs are very (iiiilles, wherivith they 
 make a j;reat li;lTyni;e. They make holes in trees with thcyr lieakes, in the whic'i they make theyr nefles. 
 And fiirely thefe l)yrdcs are marueloiis to heholde for the (,'reat diMerenc whiche they haue from all other l)yrtles 
 that I haue feenc, afwel for theyr loonies (whiih are (|iiylles as I haue fayde) as alfo for the llranyenclVe of theyr 
 fynlii ai\d ilifiiroportioM of their (create lieakes in refpect of the rell of theyr l)fMldies. 'I'liere arc no byrdes 
 founde diat prouyde heller for the falej^arde of theyr younije in the tyme of iheyr lireidynge to bee withowte 
 dann^er of wylde catles that ihey enter not into iheyr nelles to dellroye iheyr eg^es or yoiin.L;e, And this afwell 
 by the llraunj;o maner of huyldynn theyr nelles, as alfo by theyr owne defence. .And therfore when they 
 pereeaue that the cattes approehe towarde them, they enter into theyr neftes: and holdyn^e theyr beakcs 
 towarde lh[e|enterauni e of the f.ime, flande at theyr ilefence, and fo vexc the tattes that ihcy canfo tliem to 
 leaiie ih. \ r enlerpryfe. 
 
 There are alfo other t>yrdes or fparowes, wl)i< he the ChrilUans by contrary riTert raiile Afititi, (hat is foolcs. 
 Wheras neuerthelefle thire is no byrde that flieweth more wyt an<l (r.ifte in defendynge her youn^e from pcrell. 
 Thi'fe hudes are lyttle .md in maner blacke, and funiewhat hvfiKer then owre thrtiflhes. They h.uie certeyne 
 whyte lethers in theyr neckes. anci the lyke fij,'a( ilie or Iharpenes el fenfe as haue the hynles or pyes canled 
 (JiKZiiok. They feiilonie tymes linht vpi)on the earth. Tl)ey make llteyr nelles in trees lep.irated from other, 
 bycaufe the wylde cittes (eauled Miunmoni) .are a< cuUometl to leajie fronie tree to tree, not dcfeendynne to the 
 grounde for feare of other be.illes, excepte when they .ire enforced by thyrfte to coome ilowne to drynke at 
 fui he tymes as they are fure not to bee tnolefted. .\nil for this caufe doo n<<t thefe byrdes ma!;e theyr nelles 
 but in trees firre diuyded licin other. They ni.ike them of a cul.ette in ler.nth or nxire, after the maner of 
 baj^ges or lyitle f.u kis, lar>;e at the bottonv;, and urowynj^e narower and narowei towarde the mouth whereby 
 they are faflened: hauyn^e the hole whereat they enter into the faeke, of fuch byggenes as nwy onely fullice to 
 rereaue them. .And to th|e|enile that the ( attes maye not d.iioure theyr yoiin^,'e yf they rhaunce to niounte 
 vppon the trees wliere tliey haue theyr nelli ;, liiey vfe an other cr.ifte, whi< h is, to make theyr neftes in thyckc 
 brauncites of trees, and to delende ihe I inie with Iharpe aiul llrouj^e thorns implyrate .md fet in fuch order that 
 no man is able to make tlie lyke. So that the i attes (an hy no nieanes put theyr lej;ges into the hole of the 
 ncftc to take owte yoimge byrde.s, afwel for the fliarjienes of the thi.rnes as alfo for the flejuh of the neftes, in 
 the botlome wherof, the yo\inf;e birdes rell wiiliowt (launder of theyr enemie. I-'or fnm of theyr neftes l)eynge 
 three or foiire fpannes in lengilie, the lei^j^e of the ratte can not reac he to the bottome therof. Tliey vfe alfo 
 an other p()lli( ie; whicli is, to make m.niy ol Ihevr nelles in one tree Tl;e whii h they doo for one of thefe two 
 caufes: that is, that eytlm of theyr owne n.if.irall <iilpolition they are aci ufttjmed to go in great multitudes, and 
 a'ioyfe in the company of theyr owne generation as do the byrdes which we caule ftares, or dies to th|e]intent 
 that yf it llioulde fo chaunee that the cattes fliulde < lyme the trees where ti.ey make theyr nelles. they might 
 bee a greater romi)any to refvlle .end molell tlie cattes, at wliofe appro( h they make a feareful and terrible cry, 
 wherby tlie cattes are put I'l ll).;ht. 
 
 Furthermore, in the firme land, .md in the ll.mdes, there arc certeyne byrdes c.uiled /'/.//(•or Giistuo/f, 
 Annewhat lyke vnto thofe whic h we c.mle woodwaules, or woodpecki!S, beinge lelVe then owrs of Spayne. 
 Thefe are altoi^ither blacke, and go hopp\nge and leapyng. Theyr heakes ar ; alio hl.u ke and of the l.iirie 
 faflhyon as are the popingiays heakes. 'Iluy h.iue longc t.iyles, ancl are fumwhat byg;;er then llares. 
 
 There are other byrdes eauled /'////<;(/«•///, whiche are lyke vnto rerte)iie greene byrdes whiche the Italyans 
 caule /•'n>ixi/i'//i : and .ire of feuen coloures. Thefe byrdes for feare of the cattes, are euer wDonte to make 
 theyr nelles oner the bankes of ryiiers or the fe.i, wiure the lir.iimi lies of trees fo reache oiier the water that 
 with a lyttle wi \f;lil they maye bowc downe to the w.iler. Theyr nelles are m.ide fo neare the toppes of the 
 br.iimciies that wli',11 tlie cattes coome iheron, the hraum hrs lieiide towarde the w.iter, and the c.ities turne 
 backe ageyne for feare of faulyngc. For althonghe no be:ille in the worlde bee more malicious then this, yet 
 whereas the mofte parte of be.iftes are naturally iiic lyiied to fwymme, this c.itte h.iih no maner of ,i|iteneife 
 thereunto, .md is thereloiv foone drowned or llr.ingeled in ihe .vater, and hy a pryiiie li life of n.Uiirc- fe.ireth the 
 (lauiiger which he cm not elcape. 'Thefe byrdes make theyr miles in fuc he forte, th.it althowgh they bee weete 
 ancl lylled with water, yet doo they (o f.iddeiily ryfe \\> ageyne, that the youiige byrdes are not thereby liurte or 
 drowned. 
 
 There »<■• alfo many nyghtyngales and other bynhs whiche fynge marueloiifly with great melodie and 
 tlyffereiice in lyngynge. Tin Ie byrdes are of m.iruelous dyiiers coloures the one from the other. Sum are 
 altogither yelowe, and fum other of fo excellente, delectable, .md li\ghe a coloiire as it weare a rubye. Other 
 arc alfo of dyuers and variable coloures : lum of fewe coloures, and other fume all of one cnloure ; beinae all fo 
 
The hyjlofic of the vvcjlc Indies. 
 
 225 
 
 fayre and bewtilull, tlut in l>ryglnnclTc ami n>ynyu,;e they cxcell all that arj fccnc in SiKiync, or luly or otlicr 
 prouiniLS of l''.iiriii>i'. M.my of thifc iirc l.ikcn witli ncltcs, lymc twyj^^cs, and fiiryngcs of il)i;i.r.s fortis. 
 
 Dyiicrs othii fi rics of j^rcato (oiilcs lykc vnto r..i;j;lcs, and fuclii- other as lyui' of pr.iy, arc foiiiidu in ihc 
 firmc landc of fuilic (huirfilic, tliat it is in niancr ini|)oliil>li: to defer) he them all pariii ul irly. And forafnnn he 
 as I haiie more lar;;ely intrealeil hereof in my generall h)Uoric of tlie Inilies, I ihyuke it not reiiiiyfite to make 
 
 Orc.il Tuulcft. 
 
 any I'lirther mention of tlie fame. 
 
 € 0/ tnys,fi'iiitcs, and piaiitvs. 
 
 Here is bothe in the firme lande anfl the ll.niiles a <erti)nc tree (aiileil Coats, bein;;e a kyiid 
 of date trees an 1 hauynge ihejr leaiies of liie feif fan)e greatrieHe as liaiie tlie date trees 
 whieh heare dales, but dyffer niinh in tiieii growynye. I'or the leaues of this CWits grow 
 owte of the Irinikes of tlie tree as doo the fyngeis owt of the liatule, wreathynge them fellies 
 one within an cilier and fo f|ireadynj,'e abrode. 'Ihefe trees are liy};h ; and are foinide in 
 ;;ieal i)lentie in llie foalU- of ihr lea of Si/r, in !iie itwiiiiHc of C'i/r////((- Chiiiutii. 'Ihele 
 date trees br)iige iiirth u friiie alter tiii^. forte. Ilein;;!.- allojjyther Miite as it gro'veth on the 
 tree, it is of greater tiretimference then the heade of a man. And from the luperlki all parte to the niyddell 
 whieh is the friite, it is inuohied and ccnered witli in my webbes iniuli lyke vnto thofe h)rdes of lowe wliiche 
 they vfe in Aiiiidliifi.t. Of this towe or »el>be, the l'..ill Ind;a!is m.ike a cirlevie kynde of clollie of three or 
 foure fortes, ami idrdes for the f.i\Ks of (liNppis. Hut in tlufe Indies of yowi iii.iiellie, they p.iffe ik t for ihele 
 cordes or tliis elothe th.it m.iy !)e niaile of the frute of CUv/j-, by reafon of the great pkiitii: liial tlicy h.iiie of the 
 bombage or eotton of the golVain|iitie trees. The fnite which is in the myihlell of the fayde towe, is (a.s I haue 
 fayde) as bygge as a mans lylle, .ind fiimtynies Ivyfe as bygge and more. It is in f')rme, lyke vnto a 
 walnntte, or fiini other roiiiu'e thynge fimnvhat mor • longe ihen I.irge, and very harde. The rynde or 
 barke herof, is as thji ke as the ryrele of Utters of .1 rialo of plate. .\nil within, tliere eleaiieih f.ille 
 to the ryiiile of the niitte .1 < arnofitie or fiibluiimee o. i ooriiel, of tlie lh\ikeiiefle of halle a fynger or 
 of the le.ill fynger of the hande : .Viid 'V- verye whyte, lyke vnto a f.iyre .Mmonde, and ii better tafte 
 and moje ple.ifiunl. Wlun this Inute is < hewed, there rem.iyn-- reiliyne iniinni'-- ,is do the l\ke of .ihnoniles. 
 Yet if it bee fw.iloweil downe, it is not vnple.ilamit. I'"or .iltliowgh tli.il .iiier the iewfe or Mi.>ylhire bee goiinc 
 downe the llirote before the fayde 1 .-iimmi.s bee fw;dowed, the relle wiiiehe is eaten feeine fiiinwhat (harpe or 
 fower, yet doth it not fo gieatly olTiiide the talk- fo as to bee < alle .iway. \\ hyle this L\>cu: is yet frelhe and 
 newly taken from liie tree, they \fe not to eale of the f.i>de i.irnolitie anil friil.. : Hut f, rile beatynge it \ery mm h, 
 anil then (li.iMr.iige it, they dr.iwe ,1 iiiylke thereof, miiih better .mil fweetei then i> die m)lke ol be.illes, and 
 of much fublt.iuiiie: 'The whii h die Cliridian men of thole regions put in the tortis or lakes whii h they make 
 of ihe grayne ai A/iiizium wherof they make theyr breaile, or in otiui iMe.ule as « • put breade in ponage: So 
 that by re.ifon of the f.iyde iiulke of CWiis, the tones au more i \t olleiii to be i-.iten withowt offeiu e to the 
 llomake. They are I'o ple.il.iunte to the t.ille. .iiid le.iiie it afw: II latiff)ed as lliowghe it li.id byn del) led with 
 mail) d'lyt.ite tl\lihe>. I'liii to prim.ide Uinlur, )owre maie'be flinll vnderlbind, tli.it in the pl.u e of tiie done 
 or I oorilell, there i> in the in)ddell of the l.i\de ■..irnofilic, a \o)de place, wliirli iieuirtlielelie is full of .1 iiiolle 
 cleare and eMelleiit w.iter, in fiit h i|uaiilitie as niaye fyll a greate eggc lliell, or more ;ii lell'e .i' 1 oiil\nge to the 
 byggenelVe of the iWiis. The wiiii h w.'ter fiielly. is the nu'lle fi.Ml.iiili.Tl. excellent and precious t ' !«• droolike. 
 that in.iye bee fiMiiide in the 'vorlde. In fo iiiu< li tli.it il; the inoiiieiile when it p.illetli the p.il.ite ■I the llioiitli 
 .mil begyiiiielh to goo doune the tlirote it feeinelh that frome the lole of 'he loote to the crowiie of the he.idde, 
 tliere is no p.irie \i{ the boddye but that feeUthe great loinfort therby : as i; is doiillelVe one of the moll e.\i elhnt 
 thynges tli.it may be tailed vppoii the eaith, and fiiclie as 1 am not able !•) wr)tyiige or toonge to e.\prilVe, 
 And to prixeade )et further, I fiy that when the meate of this frute is taken from the veffell tlierof, the \eflell 
 remayiieth .is fiyre .niil iietle i^ tlioiigh '' were piill\llied; aiicl is without, of colour iili lMi)lige towanle bl.i. ke, 
 and Ihyneth or glvlUreth very fayre. .\n»l is within of no lelfe tlilicateiielVe. Sui he i-. haue acculloined to 
 dryilke in ihcK veffelles, and li.iiie by line trowbeletl with the difeafe 1 allied the fielinge of the guiles, fay 1 
 tli.it they h.iiie by experience fouiide it a nianielous reinedie .igi)iill that difeafe: .\iid that it breakethe the (lone I 
 and proiioketh \rine. Thi> frute w.is i.iuled f'.'iv/j for this c.nife, th.ii when it is liken from the pl.u < uliere it | 
 deaiielh i.ille to the trix, there .ire leelie two holes, and .ibciie lliein two othc nalui.dl holes, wliiih altogyther, , 
 doo reprefente the gicllure and fygiire of the rattes ranted Miimmoiie, that is, munkeys, when they crjie: whiche | 
 t ty thi' Indi.iiis caule Coui: Hut 111 very lieede, this tree is ,1 kynd of dali' trees: .md hath the fame efl'eete to 1 
 hcale lret)iige of the Kittcs, that I'linie delirybeth all k)ndib of date trees to haue. 
 
 r.M, 
 
 194 
 
 I )l.lUc f>CCttr Mtic 
 tif ihr^f fniilci 
 • 'ptn. .1. the 
 uliii lie whrn it 
 »a* li..Ie. \f il 
 
 M.iU-r W.i< It t:>t 
 tlxitCKc llicrcii) .1^ 
 it were ill .1 l-'tilc, 
 litit iti lymc tt 
 1 on^ttiuctl .(lul wu 
 (>irily rnngflol 
 ml" ,1 lAJIr 
 
 ill 
 
 I. 
 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 f. 
 
 .iL 
 
226 
 
 The hyftoyic of the ivcjic IiiiUcs. 
 
 Great trt^a. 
 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 There ari; furthtrtiiore in the firmc lamie, trees of fiidie byggencflc that I dare not fjicake therof but in 
 |ii.uc whore I liaue fo in.iii) wytnclTi's wliich liauc ffciic tlic faiiic as wel as I. I fay ihcrfiirc, tliat a Icaciuc 
 from /hviiiia or tlit- < ilic of Saiulii Mai'ui AHtu/ini^ there palVeth a ryiier very large and dicpo, \vlu« !> is caided 
 Culi: oiicr il\e which the IndiaDs had layde a gr<ale tree fu ir.iiierl'inge the f.niu- that it was in tiie lleade of a 
 brydge, the whieli I my filfe with dyiiers other tli.il are at this prefent in yovMe niaiellies courte, liaiie often 
 tymes pad'ed ouer. And fiu.ifiniii li as the fayde hol- had lyne lunge lliere, and liy the great weiglit thirol uas fo 
 fluonke downewarde an<l partely eouered with water that none toulii paffe ouer it i)Ut were weete to the knee, 
 1 being then in tlie yeare 1522. th|e]i)thcial of lulliie in tliat citie at yuwre maiedies appoynteniente. caufed an 
 oilier gre.iie tree to l)ee layde in that jiiaee whlche in lyke nianer trauerfed the ryuer and readied more then 
 fyflie f<)ote (uier the liirtiier fjde. 'l'hi:i tree was exceadynge greale, and relied alioiie die water more then twoo 
 ccbytes. In the faule, it ealt duwne all fmlie other trees as «ere widiin the rea< he iheroi ; And ilife'inered 
 certeyne vynes whiche were fo laden with blatke grapes of pleafaunte tafle, that they fatiffyed more then fyftie 
 pcrfons whiihe cate tlieyr fyllc tlierof. This tree in the thyckell parte therof, was more then fystene fpanncs 
 thieke: And was neiierlhelefre but lyttle in refpet t of many other trees wiiii h are fonnde in this proiiince. For 
 i the Indians of the eoallj and proiiinee of Carta ^rriiJ, make barkes or boater tlurof (which they canle Oiums,) of 
 furl) byggeneflfe, beinge all of one hole tree, that fume conteyne a luuulreth men, fume a luindreth and thirtie, 
 105 and fume more, hau nge neutrthelelfe fuehe voyde fpace within the fame, that there is lefte fulliciente roonic 
 I to pafl'e to and fro through owto all die CiiiU'ti, Sinn of diefe are fo large byfyde the length, that they conteyne 
 more then tenne or twelue fpannes in breadth, an<l fayle widi twoo fiyles as with the mailer fa\le and the 
 trinkette which they make of verye good cotton. The greatell trees that 1 ha'ie feene in theCe partes or in 
 j anye other regions, was in the |)roi!ini e of GiuUiiro, the kynge wherof rebellynge from tl;[ejol)eiiience of yowre 
 maiellie, was perilled by me and t.iki.-n pryfoner: At whiche tyine I with my company, pafled ouer a very hygh 
 A in.vueiou, irtc mountayne fill of great trees, in the loppe wherof we foiinde one tree whiche had three rcjotes or rather 
 I diuilloii'; of t!ie 10 -le ,iboiie the earth in I'oriiie of a Iryangle or triiietle: fo that betwene eiiery (dote of this 
 Ifiantjle or three feete, theie was a fjjace of tweiuie foote betwene euery foote. Anil this of fii< h heyght aboiie 
 i tlie earlhe. that a laden carte of thofe wherewith they are aiciirtoined to brynge home come in the tyme of 
 I hariiefl in the kyngedome of Tokih in Spayne, myght cafely haiie palVed tlirowgh euery of ihofe particions or 
 I wyni'.ones whiche wcij betwene tlie three I'eete of the fayd tree, l-roiii the e.irlh vpw.irde to the tniiike of the 
 I tree, the ojien places of ihi dyuilions betwene ihefe llife leete, were of luche heyght iVom the eroiinde, th.it .1 
 footeman with a iaiielyn was ncit able to reaclie to the place where the fayile feete ioyned togyther in the triinke 
 or body of the tree which grcwe of gre.1l height in one i)iece and one hole body, or etier it fpredde in braunches, 
 which It did not before it e.xceaded in iieyght the towre of laynt Uoinaiie in the citie of Toledo: fr.nn whiche 
 heyght and v|iwarde, it fpieade v-'ry gre.ite and llroiige lir.miu lies. ,\monge certeyne .Spany.irdes whiih 
 tlymed this tree, I ui) I'eile was one .\iid when 1 w.is alceiided to tlie place where it Ivgiinne to fpreade the 
 branches, it was a manieUnis lliing to beholde a greate countrey of fuchc trees towarde the prouince of 
 .•\brayine. This tree was eafy to dyine, by reafon of 1 erteyne licjiuhi (wherof I haiie fpoken before) which 
 grewe wro.iiheil abonie the tree in luche forte lli.it they feenied to make a ftalynge l.ulder. I-'.iiery ■ 'f the 
 foiefayde \hree feete wli'ch bore the l)o<l<(ie of the tiee, was tweiuie I'p.iniies in th;. i kcnelVe. .\nd where they 
 ioyned al togyther abouc in the trunke or boddye of the tree, the priiK ip.ill triinke was more then foriie and 
 fyue fpannes in cii< uite, 1 n.uned the moiintaync where thefe trees grow, the iiiountayne of three fmHitl tree.s. 
 .\nd this which \ 'v nc now de> hired, w.c. feene of .ill the comiianye that was there with me when (.i.-, I haue 
 fayde heldre) 1 lioke kynge iiii.idii,' pryfoner in the yeare 15-'-'. M.my thynges more niNght here bee t]>okin 
 as toiichynge this matter, as alio howe there are many other excellent liies founde of ilMiers firtes and dyllereme, 
 ius fweete Ceder trees, blacke date trees, and many other; of the whi< h fum are fo heauy that they can not llote 
 aboue the water but fynke iniwediatly to the boitome. And other ageyne as light as a corke. .As touchynge 
 all whiche \ nges I haue wruten more l.iigel) in my gmir.dl hyllorie of the Indies, 
 ffj,,. .\ml fo MiuK h as al this itreleiii I haue entered to intreate of trees, before I paffe any further lo other 
 
 thynges, I wyl declare the maner howe the Imliaiih k>ndle fyre, only with woodde, and without fyre, (he maner 
 wherof is this. 'I'hey take a piece of wotnide of two Ip.innes 10 liiigthe, as bygge as the lealle fynger of a mans 
 liaiule. or as an arrowe wvM pullyflhed, and of ,1 llroiige kynde of woodde wliii he they keepe onely for this 
 purpole. .\nd where thoi intviide to kyndlr my lyre, the\ take two other 'lieces of woodde of the dr)ell and 
 lyghlell tli.il they can fyiide, and bxnde th»iu fall togyther one with .111 other as dole as two fyngers ioyneil. 
 In the inxddell w betwene thefe, iIk-v im« the |>t>yj.l of the fyrlle lyttle llaffe made of harde and llronge wood 
 which they hold m theyr handes hy the topjK' thereof, .ind turne or riibbe it rounde abonie continually in one 
 plttre betwene the two piecei crfwotvMe which lye bounde togyther vppon the earthe, which by that viic effant 
 rubbynge and c lialv s;e, are in ihorl Ijiace kyndcKtl and take fyer. 
 
 I huue .illo tiJiKMgiu go..,! her^ to Ipeake fumwlui of luch thynges us cDoiiiine to my lemeinberaunce of 
 
 Kjn'llynccil 
 %iihowt ^-rc. 
 
 I. 
 
T!ic /ly/foric of flic in'cjlc Indies. 
 
 certcync trees which are foundc in this hindc, and funictynic alio the lyke haiie hyime feene in Spayne. Thefe 
 are cerlcyne piitrifyed troonkes which haiie lyne fii lonj^e rottynf? i>n tiie earth tli.il they are verye whyte and 
 fliyne in the ny^ht lykr Imrnynge fyre hrandes. Ami when the Spanyardes lyndo any of this WDoddc, and 
 intcnde priiiily in (he ny^lit to nuke warre and inuade any proiiini:e when cafe fo re<|iiyrilli that it Ihalbe 
 necilVary to yo in the nyj^lit in f\ic he places where they knowe not the way, the lornioll Chridian man whielie 
 giiydethe the waye, allix late willi an Indian to dircc \r hyni therein, taketli a lyttle llarre of tiie fayde woodde, 
 which he putteth in his cappe hannynj^e hehymle on his Ihoulder.s, hy the lyght wherof he that fuloweth ncxte 
 to him, direilith his iourney, who .ilfo in lyke nianer hearelh an other flam' lieliynde hyni, l>y the Ihynynjje 
 whereof the ihyrde IoIovmUi ilie fame waye, and in lyke miner do al the rell, fo that by this meanes none are 
 lolU- or (lr.it;ie owle of the way. And for.ifmili lie as this ly.^lit is not lone very firre, it is the better pollieic 
 for the Chrylli.ms byeaiife they are not thereby difclofed before they inuade theyr enemies. 
 
 Fiirthennorc as toM<d)ynne the natures of trees, one particul.ir thyn^e feemeth woorthy to bee noted, 
 wherof I'linie m.iketh menlioii in liis naliir.d Iiyflorye where he f.iytlie th.it there are certeyne trees whii h 
 lonlynewe euer ^;reene .md lu iier lofe llieyr leaues, as the b.iye tree, the Ceder, the oranj^e tree, and the ol) ue 
 tree with fiu h other, of the whidie in ,dl togyther he nameth not jialle fyue or fyxe. To this purpofe, I faye, 
 that in the llandes of thefe Imlies, and alfo in tiie finne l.mde, it is a th)n>;e of miK he dilfu ultie to fynde t«<'0 
 trees th.it lofe or tall theyr leaues al any lyne. For althowgh I haue tliligentely le,ir( hed to knowe the 
 trewthe hereof, yet haiie I not feene any that lofe theyr leaues, eyther of iheyni which we h.uie browght owt of 
 Spayne into thele regions, as ( )ran;;e trees, l.iinons, Ceders, I'.ilmes, or cl.iic trees and Pomegranate trees, or of 
 any other in thefe regions excepte oncly Citjj'ia, whic li lofelh his le.iiies and hatii a greater thynge appropriate 
 to it felfe onely : whic h is, th.it whereas all other trees and jjlantes of India f|)re.ide theyr rootes no dieper in 
 the earthe llieii the ciepih of a mans heyght or fuinewhat more, not defcendyng any further into the ground by 
 reafon of the gieale lie.ite whic li is found beneth that depth, yet doolh 6c////c» pearc e further into the grouiide 
 \ntyl it fynd w.iter: whic he by tli'' I'liyloluphers opiniim (lioulde be the caufe of a tliymie and watery r.idycall 
 moyfler to f'.iche Ihynges as drawe theyr niirylhement therof, ,i.s fat and vnc tiious groundes with temperate 
 heate, yelde a fall and firme mo)lliire to fu< lie thyiiges as growe in them, whiche is the eaufe that futhe trees 
 lofe not the)r leaues, as tlie f.iyde thynne .iiicl watc-rjlihe moyllure is < .lufe cjf the eontr.iiie, as a]i[>earethe by 
 the fayde cffecte which is feene onely in diljiit, and none oilier tue or pl.iiite in all thefe parties. 
 
 € 0/ Rci'i/i's or Cniics. 
 
 Ilaiie not thou^'ht it conuenient in the <ha])iture before to fpeake of that whereof I intcnde 
 nowe to entreate (if, reedes or canes, to th[e|intente thai 1 wooldc not niengle thcym with 
 pl.tntes or tree>, beinge thynges of them fehies woorlhy to bee particularly cjhfenied, .So it 
 IS tlierfore, that in the firine l.iiul there are m.iii> fortes of reedis, fo that in many pin es they 
 make theyr how fes therof, couerynge them with the toppes of the fame, and makynge their 
 w.iiiles of the!n in l)ke maner, as I haue fayclc before. And amonge thefe kyiides of reedes, 
 there is one fo greate, th.it the canes therof are as bygge as a mans legge in the knee, 
 .iiid three l'|i.iiiiies in length froine ioMil to inynt or more: in fo miic li that euery of tlieiii is of cajiac iiie to 
 conteyne a lyltle biic ket of w.iter. In this kynde, there are loiuide film greater and film lel'fe, of the which fum 
 they vfe to make (piyuers fcjr arrowes. There is foundc an other kynde which luerly is manieylous, beynge 
 lyttle bygger then a laiielen, the cane-, whereof are longer then twoo fpannes. Thefe reedes growe one fiirre 
 from an other, as linn tynus twentie or ihirlie p.ifes, and fiiinei\iius alio twoo or three lea'|iies, 'I'luy growe 
 in maner in ill prouynccs in the Indi^^: .And growe nere to very liygh trees whenmto the) le.ine, .ittcl c reepe 
 vp to the toppes of lluyr bi.iunc lies, which iiu) imbrafe and dclcende ageyne dowiielo the e.irth. 'I'heyr 
 canes arc full of ntolle cleare walc-r without any nianer of tall or faiaiiire eyther of the canes or of any other 
 thynge: And fuche as yf it were taken owle of the iVcflhelle fpryiige in the worlcle. Nor yet is it knowen th.it 
 cuer it hurte anyili.it clrooiike tlierof I'la it h.ith otiriitymes lo ch.iunied lint as thet'hr>lUn men haue 
 trauavltcl in thefe regions m defcii.ile w.iyes where for l.icke of w.iter they h.iue byn in gre.it cl.iimger to dye 
 fc>r thyrlle, they liaue cfcaped that |)etcll by reafon that they founcle the fa)c!e reecles, of the water of whofe 
 • ancs they haue dnxinke a great iiuantitic withcjwt any hurte therec;f eiifewynge. Ther ore when they fyndc 
 thefe in anv pl.ic e, the\ make water xell'elles of the canes therof, and i ,iry as m.iny of them fill of water as ni.iy 
 futiii u for cHie dayes iornay. .\nd fumiuuc' they caiy fo m.m), that tlwy take for euery man two or three 
 'iwartes of water which may feme tliem lor many dayes bycaui'e it doth not corrupte, but remayin^tlu- ll) II frelllie 
 xtuX gocxl. 
 
 227 
 
 t*utrifici1 wcMHitle 
 
 106 
 
 /'//«/>. 
 
 Tree* »Sm)i 
 (-•iiihtiiic ciii r 
 K'rcene. 
 
 A M:tr<:.-\lcl)i)tii;« 
 
 KnMyrall 
 
 Dtcy^iiire, 
 
 197 
 
 i 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
._:^i.".;ffB- 
 
 228 
 
 The liyjiorie of the wcjlc IiuUes. 
 
 m 
 
 Vhtml 
 
 I <ttltcv 
 
 Th»,lt. 
 
 198 
 
 liikilflt. 
 
 tfltlKl 
 
 Oyiiiti 'jrcoiiiiii. 
 
 There nrc alfo rertcinc i)l:intcs whirh the Chriflians caul Platani. 'I'lii-fo are as hygh as trees, and become 
 as liyKK^-' '11 <hi^^ Ininkc as tlic kiici- of a man or more. Frome Uk- footc to tlie topiie, they bcare rcrteyne lon^e 
 and large Kaiu's, licin^f more thiii three f|)aniu-. in l.irut-nes, and alxmt ten or twiltie in length: The whirhe 
 when they are broken of the \vyn<le, the llalke reniayneth hole in the myddell. In the myddetle of this plant in 
 the hyghed parte thereof, there gruweth a thider with fortie or fyftie Platans nbowt it, euery of them beinge a 
 fpanne and a h.dfe ii\ length, and as bygge as a mans arme in the fm.iuli', or more or lefle accordynge to the 
 goodiiefle of llie fo) Ic wlure they growe. They haue a rynde not very lli)(ke, and eafy to bee broken: being 
 williin altogillur full of a fubll.iuuce lyke vnto the marye t)f the bone of an o\e as it :ippe.ireth when the rynde 
 or barke is t;iken frome the fmie. This i luller owght to bee taken from the plant, when any one of the Platans 
 begynne to appere yclowe. At which tyme they take it ami hange it in theyr hoiifes where all the duller waxeth 
 rype with his Pl.a.nis. This < luller is a very goo<l frute; And when it is opened and the rymle taken of, there 
 are foundi' wid>in it many good drye f>gges \vhi( h Kynge rolb.-d or Hewed in an ouen in a clofe pot or fum 
 fuche other tliynge, are of iilealaunte t.ille nuu he l)ke the < onferue of hony. They ]iutrilie not on the fea fo 
 foone .is fume other frutes ilo; but rontiiuie fji'teene dayes ami more _\f they bee gathered f'n)what grcene. 
 They feeme more delyeatc on the fea then on the lande, not for that they any thinge inereafe in g(X)dneffe on 
 the fea, but byeaufe lh.it wlu-re.is on the fea other thynges are lirkyng wherof is plentie on the land, thofe 
 meates feeme of belU' l.\lU- whi«h fitill'ie jirefenle neceltitie. This troonke or fprygge whiehe bryngeth foorih 
 the fayde duller is a hole yeare in growyng anil brynging foorth fnite. In whiehe tyme it hath put foorth 
 roinule abowle it tenne or twelue fprygges as bygge as the fyrfl or prineipall, and nndtiplieth no lefle then the 
 pr\nei|iall in brjngynge foorthe of i lullers with frutes Ivkewyfe at theyr tyme, and alfo in bryngjnge foorth other 
 and many fpr\gges a^ is layde beelore. l-'roni the whirh fpr\gges or trunkes, as foone as the cIuIUt of the frute 
 is l.iken .iw ly. thi- pl.mle begyniielh to drye aivl wyllier, whith then they take owt of the grounde byeaufe it 
 doth none otix-r then oceupie it in vayne and without profyt. They arc fo many and doo fo niarueloully inereafe 
 .in<l nndiiplie. that it is ;i thynge in m.mer ineredible. They arc exceadynge moylle. In fo nuuh that when 
 they are plu(ke<l v|> from the jpLue wher they grow, there iflheweth forth a gre.it i|iiantitie of w.iter as well owte 
 of the pl.iiUe as owie of the pi. ice where it grewe: In fiich forte that all the moyilure of the e.irth firre abowte, 
 niyght feeme to bee g.ithered logylher abowte the trunke or blocke of the fayde plants-: with the frutes whereof, 
 the antes are fo farre in lone, that they are feenc in great multitudes in the branches of the i)lantes. So that for 
 the multitude thereof it funulynie fo chauiictth ih.il men are inforccd to t.ike away the Platans frome theyr 
 polTeflion. Thele friitis are loiinde at all lynies of the yeare. 
 
 There is alio .111 other k\iid of v\yld pl.mtes tli.it growefh in the fyeldes: which I haue not feenc but in the 
 Ilande of lIif|).iniol,i, alihovvgh they be founde in other Il.iniles of the Indies. Tliefe they caiile Tunas. They 
 growe of a ihillle full of thomes, and brynge foorili a frute nuiche lyke vnto great fygges, which haue a t rowne 
 lyke medlers, aiicl are within of a liyulie coloiire, with gr.iynes and the rynde lyke vnto a fygge. They are of 
 good talle: And growe .diuiidantly in the fyeldes in m.my places. They woorkc a llraunge elTecte in fiu he as 
 e.ite them. For if a maniie eale two or three or more, they caufe his vrine to bee of the ver)e coloiire of 
 bliidde, which thynge diauiiced once to my felfe. .At whiehe tyme as I made w.iter and fawe the colour of my 
 \rine, I entered into a great fufpition of my l)fe, beinge fo allonyfllied for feare, th X I thought the f.ime had 
 1 h.iuuied to me \pon fiun other caufe. In fo mu< he ih.ii furely my imagination inyght haue doone me hurte, 
 |iiu iluU they whiehe were with lue dyd < omforte me imuiediatly, decl.irynge the < .lufe iherof as they knewc by 
 experieiK e beinge auncient inh.ibitours in thofe regions. 
 
 There groweth .illb an other plante whiehe the jjcople of the countrey ciule Jii/uu's. This putteth forth 
 certeyne llreighl braunclus ;ind very brode teaues Hhi< h the Imli.ins \fe for dyiiers purpofes. I'or in fum places 
 they cotier llieyr hoiilis wilh the le.uies therof cowi lied .iinl l.i\de after the m.mer of theti he, wherunto it ferueth 
 \ery well. Sunitymes ,ilfo when it r.iyneth, tiu) 1 .ill tliefe ouer theyr heades to defeiule theim from the water. They 
 make alfo ceru\ne < lielles whiehe they caule Hiiiuis, weaned after a flraunge forte and intennixt with the leaues 
 of this /U/iiii's. Tliefe c heftes are wrought in fiii li fort, that although it rayne vpon them, or they (haiince to 
 fiiile into the water, yet are not fiii h thynges wette ;is are within them. 'I'hey are iii.uli' of the braunches of the 
 l.iyde />i/i<ii>J with the le.iues weaued togytlur iherwilli. In tliefe ihey keepe l.ille ..iid other fiiblxle thynges. 
 They vfe theyni alio for ,in other purpofe, wliiih is this; Tint fimlyng them in the liddes at fiuh t)me as they 
 haue fiarfeneffe of vyttayles, they dygge \\t the rootes of thefe [ilantes whyle they are yet younge, or eate the 
 plante it felfe in lh.it piirle where it is molle tender, which is from a foote vnder the grounde, where it is as 
 tender and whyte as a reede or bulruflhe. 
 
 And forafniiich as wee are nowe coonime to tli[e]enil of thi.i narration, it c ominetl: to my reineinl-eraunce to 
 make mention of an other thynge which is not f.irre from tny purpofe. And this is howe the Indians do ftayne 
 or dye dolh of bombage cotton, or any other thynge which they inteiide to dye of tlyuers tolourcs: as blaike, 
 t.iwiiy, greene, blewc, )elowe, and reiMe whiehe they doo with the barkes or ryiules, and leaues of certeyne trees, 
 
The hyjtoric of the vvcjle Iiuiics. 
 
 229 
 
 whiclie they knowc l(y cxpcriinre to bee good for this practifo. Ami by this arte they inake rolours in fmh 
 pcrfL( tion ami cxcciloncie lli.it no better can bee «iiuyfe(l. Hut this feeinetii a ftraunge tliynge, that they doc 
 all tills in one felfo fame veHell: So tliat when tliey iiaiie caiifeil the fayile ryndes and leaucs to lioyie tiii;ytlier, 
 they nialie in the fame vdVcil with(jut any < haiinge (as I iiaiie fayde) as many idiours as them Ivllcth. Whirhe 
 ihynge I fiippofe to coomine to paffe iiy tile dif|iohlioii of llie roloiire \vhi< lie they liaiie fyrlle gyiien to the 
 thynge tliat they intende to ilrye or colour, wliethcr it liec thrceile, webbe, or clotlic, or aii) iliyngc tliat tliey 
 intende to coloiirc. 
 
 C Of vcnoiioiis apph's li^hcnvith they poyfon thcyy aryowes. 
 
 IIIc apples wherewith the Indian Caniliales iniieiienie theyr arrowes, urnwe on ccrtoyne frees 
 < oiiered with many liraiuic hes and leaiies beilige very j;reene and j-rowynj; tliit ke. They arc 
 laden with abiindaiime of tliefe eiiyll frutes, and liaue theyr leaiies lyke the leaucs of a jicaro 
 tree, but that they arc lefl'c and rounder. The frute is niiK h lyke the mufiadell pearcs of 
 the Ilaiide of .'^iiilie or Naples in forme and bygfieiieffe: .\nd arc in fiiin partes lleyned with 
 reddc fpottes. and of veiy fweele lauoiirc. 'I liefe trees for the niorte parte, j^rowe cuer by 
 ihc fea roadis and neare vnl<i the water: And arc fo fayre ami of pkafauntc faiiour, that 
 there is no man ih.il feetlie tlieyni but wyll def)rc to eate tlierof. 
 
 In fo niiirh that if it may bee fpoken of any fnite yet urowynpc on the earth, I wolde five that tliis was 
 the vnh.ippy frute wherof owre fyrde parentes Ad.ini ami I'.iie tafle<l, wlurby they b.itli lod llie)r t"eli< ilie and 
 jirorured ileath to them and theyr poliirilie. Of tin fe frutis, and of the furcate antes wliofe bylynne ( aufeth 
 fwell)]i},'e (whertof I liaiie fpoken els where) and of tiie eutes or lyfartes, anil v\pers, ancl hull oilier venenious 
 thynges, the C'anibalcs wliii :h arc the < hyefe archers amonge the Indians, arc a( ciiflomed to poyfon theyr arrowes 
 whcrwith they k\ll all that they woiinde. 
 
 Thefe veneiius they niennle topyther and make thereof a bl.u ke made or compofition wliii li appeareth lyke 
 vnto very blatke pytdie. Of this |Hiyfon I raufed a ^reat c|ii,uiliiie to be burnt in Siiiifld Miui^i Anli'/ii<i in a 
 pla< e two IcKjucs and more within the l.iiide, with a greatc multitude of theyr inuenemed arrowes and other 
 munition, with alfo the lioufe wherein llicy were referued. This was in the yearc. 1514. at fiiche tyine as 
 thfe]anny arriued there with rapitayne JWiiiriin (fa vilUi at the i (immaundemeiitc of the Catholyke kyngc 
 Don FiTiliihiihL'. lint to retiirne to the liylbiry. Thefe .ipples (as I haue faiil) j^iowe llearv: \nto the fe.i. .And 
 wiieras the C'lirillians which feme yowr maieilic m thefe jiarties, fu])pofc that there is no remedy fo profytable 
 for fiiclie as are wounded with thefe arrowes, as is the water of tlic fea if the wounde be nuu h waflhed iherwitli, 
 by which means fiim haue efi aped allhoujih but fewe, yet to faye the trewlhc, albeit the water of thi- fea haue a 
 ccrteync lauftike ipialiiie ,i^;e\iin poyfon, it is not a fuffii ieiit remedy in this cafe: nor yet to this day haue the 
 Clirilliaiis pcrecaunl that of tifiie that liaue byn wounded, three haue re( oiuri'd. Itut that yowr ni.iiellie may 
 the better confyder the fone of the veneme of thefe trees, yowc fliall further viidirllamle that yf a man doo but 
 repofe liyni felle to lleepe a lyttle whylc vnder the fliailow of the f.inie, he hath his head and eyes fo fwolnc 
 when he ry fetli, that the eye lyddes are ioyned with the cliekes. .And if it chaunce one (hdp]ie or more of the 
 dewe 01 the fiyde tree to fiule into the eye, it \tterly dellroNiili the fy^;lit. The pellilent n.uure ')f tliis tree is 
 fmh th.u it ran not bee declared in fewe woordis. Of thefe there groweth greatc plentie in the goulfe of I'm/ut 
 towardc the North coaft on the Wcfte and Kafte fyde. The woofl of thefe trees when it burneih. maketh fo 
 greatc a llynke ih.il noo man is able to abyde it, by reafon it caufeth fo great a jieyne in the hc.idde. 
 
 .Amonge olliei trees wliii h are in iliefe Indies as well in the ll.indes is in the I'lniie laiide, tluie is an other 
 kyiide wliic li tliey i.iule .Wrx'tit, wlierof there is great plentie. They are very hygli and tlreyght, and f.iyre to 
 beholde. Of thefe they vfc to make pykes and iauelyns of ilyuers lengllies and byggeneffe. They arc of a fayre 
 colour bctwenc rulVette and whyte. 'I'liis tree bryngcth foorth a greatc fnitc as bygge as I'apaucr or poppic and 
 null h lyke therunto. It is very good to be eaten when it is type. Owte of this tluy gettc a very i Iciic water 
 wherwilh they w.ihhe theyr legges and funielyuies ,dl theyr boddyes wlun they feele theyr (lefllie werye, faynt, 
 or loofe. 'IT.e whiih water, byfyde that it li.itli .1 byndyiige i|ualilie, it hath alfo this propertie, that what fo 
 euer it toucheth, it fteynetli it blai kc by lytde and lyttle vntyll it bee as bla< ke as gictte, wliieh eoloure can not 
 be taken away in lelVc fpaec then tennc or iwehic dayes. .And if the nayle bee but toiicheil therwith, it is fo 
 lleined that it cm by no meanes bee taken away vniyll it eytlier fiiile of, or growe owte and bee clypped away 
 ly lyttle and lyttle, as I niy felte haue oftenlymes feene by expi rieiice. 
 
 There is another kynde of trees which they lall /Mi. Thefe are very gri-at and fayre, and caiife holfome 
 aycr where they growc and .1 pleafiunt diadow. and arc foundc in great abumlaunce. Theyr frute is very good. 
 
 A fttraungc thyngc. 
 
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 Canitkilc) .ir> hirrv 
 
 Whcrwith ihry 
 
 ii.iicnyiit lh(;[i]r 
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 190 
 
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 The water ui the 
 
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 The hyjloric of the vvejte linUes. 
 
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 lhin|<. 
 
 Le.iuci. 
 
 A le.tfp i)f grc.it 
 
 *I»IUC. 
 
 and of pood tafl ami fauoiire, and niiich lykc vnto ccrtcyni. damfons or ]iruncs Ijcinpc lyltic and yi'lowo. But 
 llifyr llonc is very grial : liy rcafoii uIutdI" iln'v h:uio liiit lytlli' niLMli-. I lu)r harkc or rymlc Imyli d in water, 
 maki'th a holloniL' Itatlio ft)r the lcj;^;i.s, Ijyiaiiff it bindctli and llcyclh tin.' loofu-nclVc of the iK llht.' fn fenribly 
 that it is a niarncylc to (■onf)(k'r. It is fiicrly a hollonK- and cxtclknit halhc aj;tynll fiu h fayniiu'lli.' ; And is 
 the Itefle tree that may Iiee fountie in thofe jtarties tu lUepe vnder. Fur it caiifeih no heauinefl'c of the Iie.iddc 
 as (loo dyiiers oilur trees. Whiihe thynj^e 1 rpiMke bytanfe the Chrilli.iiis are nnit he ar<ii(lon)ed in thofc 
 regions to lye in the fyeldes. It is therfore a iDMinion |>r.ii tile aniungi- Jieni, that wliere fo euer they fynd 
 ihefe trees, there they fpreatle theyr niattrelTes ami heddes wherin they lleepe. 
 
 'I'here are alfo a kynde of hyghe date trees ami full of thornes. The woodile of thefe is niolle excellent; 
 bcinge very lil.icke, anil lliynynge, ami fo he.uiy that no parte thereof can fwynime aboiie the water, but fynkith 
 inniieiliatly to tlie botlmiu'. Of this woodtle they liiake theyr arrowes ami dartes ; Alfo iaiielyns, fpeares, and 
 pykes. And 1 faye p)kes, byeaiife that in (he co.ilUs of tlie fe.i ot .Siti; beyonde J\/i/itixitir ami lhit/i,i, the 
 Indians vfe great and longe pykes made of the woodde of thefe date trees. Of the fame lykewyfe they make 
 cliibbes and fwonrdes and dyiiers other weapons. Alfo veflclles and houlholdc (luffe of dyiiers fortes very f.iyrc 
 anil I onimodidus. I'lirllKrniori' of this wootitie the t'liridi.ms vfe to ni.ike dyiiers iniifK ill inllrumentes, as 
 clarihnibals, lutes, gyterns, and fm lie other, the whiche byfyile theyr fayre Ihynynge colourc lyke vnto gictc, are 
 alfo of a good foiinile and very durable by re.ifon of the h.inlneffe of tiie woodtle. 
 
 After that I haue fayde thus much of trees and plantcs, I haue thought good alfo to fpcnke fumwhat of 
 hcrbes. Vou fliall therefore vnderflamle tliat in tliefe Indies there is an herbe much lyke vnto a yelowe lyllie, 
 abuwle wliofe leaiies there growe ami cretpe cerleyne conies or l.iiis. ,is the l)ke is p.irliy fetiie in the herbe 
 which we caule lafed fauery. Ilut thefe of liie Imlies are nniche bygger, and longer: ami ft) llnmge that they 
 tye theyr hangynge beddes thereby whiche they caule Ifiinuiuis wherof we haue Ipoken elfwhere. 'I'hefe 
 cordes, they raule Cal'iiiii ami Ift-iii-^/ucn, which are al one thing fauynge that /ffHtyiien is lefle ami of a fyner 
 fubllaunce as it were line: .Ami the other is grofler lyke the wycke or twyde of henipe, ami is imperfet te in 
 comparilbn to the other. 'I'liey are of toloure belwene wh)te and )elowe lyke vnto ab.irne, ami fiun alfo 
 whyte. With ffi-mu/in-n whiche is the inolle fubtyle and fyne thrcetle, the Indi.ms fawe in flintier fetters, 
 cheynes, or barres of Ireii in this inaner. They mtnie the threeile of //aiiyiun vpi)on the iren which they 
 intend? to faw or cutte, drawynge the one hanile after the other as doo they that fawe, puttynge euer nowe and 
 then a jiortion of fyne f.imle vpjion the threede, or on the place or p.irle of the \xc.n where they lontiniie 
 rubbyngc the fayde threetle. .So that yf the threede be worne, they lake an other, ami continewe in theyr 
 woorke as before vntyl they haue cutte in funder the iren although it bee neuer fo bygge: antl cut it as yf it 
 were a temler thynge and eafye to bee fawne. 
 
 Ami ftir afnuich as the leaiies of trees may bee counted amonge herbes, I wyll here f|)eake fumewhat of 
 the i|ualitie of the leaues of cerleyne trees which are Imimle in the Hand of /fi/piinio/ii. 'I'hefe trees are fo full 
 t)f thornes, that diere is no tree or i)lante that feemeth more wylde ami ilelormeil: fo that I am not well 
 delermynj whether they bee trees or jilantes. They haue certeyne braunches full of lirge and deformed 
 leaues, whith braunches v.ere fyrlle leaues lyke vnto the other. As the braum lies niatle of thefe leaues growc 
 foorlhc in length, there t oniineth other leaues of tluin. .So that in fine it is a tlylfu all thylig to ilefi rybe the 
 forme of ihefe trees e\i ept the fame ihulile bee dtxme by a pajiiter wherby the eye myghl tout eaue that 
 wherein the toonge fayleih in this belialfe. The le.iius of this tree are of fucli vertiic, that beyng well beaten 
 ami fpreaildc vppon a cloth after the maiur of a pl.iyller, ami fo layile to a legge or arnic that is broken in 
 ni.iny pieies, it hcaleth it in fyfteiie tl.iyes. ,iml iii.ikeili it .is hole as though it had neuer byn broken. Durynge 
 the tyine of this o|ieration, it t leaueth fo fill to the llel'ihe that it cm not without niiit h ililfu iiliie bee taken 
 away. liut as fooiie as it hath heiled the fore and wrought hisoiieration, it loorclh it telle troiu the place where 
 it was layile, as I my felfe and tlyiiers other which haue proued it, knowe by exjierience. 
 
 € OffyfJIies auii of I he luaner offyfjhyiiij^e. 
 
 \ the fe.i coafles of the firme l.imle, there are dyuers and fuiulry kymles of fy fllies nuichc 
 ilill'erynge in fli.ipc ami forme. Ami allhoughe it be inipolVible to fpeake of all. yet wyll I 
 Ml. ike mention of fum. Ami lyrll to begymie at f.inlynes, yowe fliall vntlerlbimle that there 
 is foiinde a kynde of thefe fyfilies very large antl with reilde tayles, beinge a very delicate 
 lyflhe. The bede kymles of otlv r fylflies are thefe; Mo.\,inr, DmIiiuc, Hrettes, />(;//(Wj, 
 I'lioinbat kes, ami Salmons. .Ml thele ;intl ilyuers other whit h I do not now remember, are 
 i.ikeu in gre.ii i|iiantitie in ryuers. There are lykewyle taken very good crcuyfllies. There 
 
 % i 
 
The hyftoric of the inwjlc Imiics, 
 
 •231 
 
 are alHi fonmle in flic fu.n, rortiyne other fyfflie'i: ns fok-s, maclccrtllis, tiirbiittis, /\i/,tmiti\ /.iz:i% l\<!f>i Chirpfit, 
 Xiiihiii, l.iMiilUs, OnIUts, cx(i.Mctyn;4c ureal TurtDyfis, ami 'I'lhiinmi of niariicluiis liyK'nciK-lVc; Alto Manatcs, 
 ami Murciii', nii<l luanyi: olhor fyfllus whii h liaiic no naii)c<i in oiirc lannuano. Ami lliilu of fii<li diuiTritio 
 ami (|naiitiiif as can not iicc cxprcllcil without largo wrytyn^L' and lon^c tymo. Hut to lot iMlTi; to intrcatu 
 partimkrly of the multitude of fyflhes, 1 inteiide to fpeake i hiefely and funuvliat lar^^tly of thrir fortes of mode 
 mitalitf fyflhes: win mf the f)rll is, the great Tnrioyfes, the feeonde is cauled 'I'iliuron, ami the thyrde Manate. 
 Ancl to IiegMUU' ai the fyrlle, I faye that in the jiaii.le of Ciiki, are foundc great Tortoyfts (whiili are 1 erteyne 
 flull fjdhes) (if fiK h byggeneUe tiiat lenne or fjIKiue men are fi arlely alile to lyfte one of them owt of the 
 water, as 1 haue hyn informed of credible perfons dwellynge in the lame llande. llut of that which I my felfe 
 h lue feene, I can tellifie that in the fimie lande in the vyilage of Ada there are of this forte fuin taken and 
 kylled of fiK he byggenis that fixe men \\\\\\ much dillii ullie cotilde fiarfely drawe them owt of the water. And 
 connndnly the Kail fort of them are as mm h as two men may cary at a burden. 'I'hat whii h 1 l.i«e lifted vp 
 by f) xe men. had her Ihell a yarde and a ipiartir in length, and in breadth more then fyue yariles. The mancr 
 of t.ikynge them, is this. It (umtymes chauncetli that in theyr greale nettes (whic he they caule (hoote nettes) 
 there are founde certeyne Tortiiyfes of the conunon forte in great tjuantities. .\nil when they roume mvt of the 
 lea and lirin^e luorth tlieyr egges and go tvigylhiT by coomp.mies from the fea to fe.ide mi the l.indi', the 
 Chridi.ins or Indi.ms I'olowe tlieyr lleppes wtiiche •' y fynde in the f.inde, and foonu ouert. ike them byt.iufc 
 they arc very heaiiy and Howe in goynge, althou^ 1 1 ey make all the hade they (an to relume to the fea as 
 foone as they efpie ,iny boddie. When they that mrfi ve then; liauo oucrtaken llieiii, they ji'at a flake or ll.ifTe 
 vnder theyr legges and ouerlurne lliem on theyr b:. :kes is they are yet runnyiige. fu that they can go no furdier 
 nor yei r> le ageyiie or liirne. .And ihus they ftiffer tin n to lye (lyll wliyle they fuluwe after the relle which 
 they ouertiirne in lyke nviner : And by this meanes take ery nianye at fu< he lymes as they toonie fiirtli of the 
 fea as I haue faydc. This fyfihe is very excellent and hollbme to be eaten, an<l of good talle. The feconde of 
 the three fyfflies whcrof I haue fpoken, is the Tibiiron. This is a very greate fyHlie and veryc|uiike and 
 fwil'te in tiie w.iler, and a cruell deuourer. Thefe are often tyiiies t.iken, afwe I when the Ihippes are vm!ir 
 f.iyie in the ( )< ean, as alio when lliey lye at .inker, or at .my oilier time, .ind efpei i.diy the lealle kynil of thefc 
 I'lflhes. When the Ihippes are vnder f.iyle, the biggell forte are taken after this ni.iner. When the Tiburon 
 feeth the fliippe failinge he folowclh it fwymmynge liehynde. The which tliiiige the mariners feeinge, caflc 
 I'lirthe all the l\llhe of the fliippe into the fe.i for the fyfihe to eate, who neuerlhelelTe foloweth tlieni with eipial 
 pafe altliiiii^'Ji iliey m.ike luiier Im h li.ilte wylii full wMicl and f.iiles, and waliiwelli on eiiery lyde .ind .iboiit the 
 ihyppe : .\lid thus folnwilh it lunielyme for the fpai e of a hiindrelli .iml fyliie le.nities and more. .\ncl when 
 the m.iriners are dilpofeil to Like them, they call downe by the llerne ul the ihippe, a hoke of yren .is bigge as 
 the biggell fnigir of a mans haiide of three fpannes in lengthe ami crooked like a fyfihehooke with be.irdes 
 ac(ordiiige to the bigiiefle thereof, a:id f.iflened to an iren chayiie of fyue or fyxe linkes ne.ire viito tli|e]ende, 
 and from tlienfe tyed with a gre.ile rope, fallening alio on the hooke for a bayte, a |piece of I'lim fil'lhe, or hogges 
 lleflli. or funi otiier (leflhe, or the boiiwelles and irilr.dles of an other Tiburon wliiche they haue taken before, 
 wliiche may eafely bee doone, for I h.iue feene nyiie taken in one il.iy. Ami if they wolde li.iite taken more, 
 they myght alfo. Thus when the Tiburon hath pleaf.iuntly folowed the fliip a longe vi.ige, at the lengthe he 
 fwaloweth the b.iite with the hooke. .Ami afweil by his llryiiinge to llye or efcape, as alfo by the fwifle p.illage 
 of tile Ihyppe, tiie iiooke ouerliiwartetii ami c.il( lietii hoM of iiis < li.ippes. 'I'iie w liii li lilihe wiien it is taken, it 
 is of fuclie huge liiggeneffe tiiat iwelue or fyfeleene men are fcarcely able to drawe it owt of the w.iter and lifte 
 it into the fliyppe ; Where one of the mariners gyuetli it many knot ke.s on the he.ulde with a clubbc or beetle 
 \ntil he haue ll.iiiie it. They are fumlymes fouiide of tciine or twelue foote long, and of fyue, fyxe, or feucn 
 fpinnes in bre.idlh wliere tliey are brodell. 'i'liey ii.iiie very greate and wyde niouliies to tile proportion of the 
 relle of tlieyr lioiiilies, .uid li.iiie two lowes of leetlie tlie one funiewiiat fepar.ile from llie oilier, of cruell lli.ipe 
 and (landing very tliit ke. Wlien lliey iiaue llayne this fyfihe, they cutte the boddy tlierof in fniaule jnefes, and 
 put it to drye, haiigyiige it tliree or four dayes at the cordes of the fayle clothes to drye in the wyiide, and then 
 eate it. It is doubllelfe a good fyfihe .ind of great comnioditie 1 1 feme the lliippes for vilaliis for many dayes. 
 The lealle of llu le lylllies are iiiolle iiollome and tender. It li.illi .1 lldniie iiiiu li like to tiie Ikyiiiie of .1 Cole, 
 whervnto tlie f.iyde Tuijeron is lyke in lliape. Whidi 1 l.iye bycaule I'linie li.iiii iii.uie mention of m.ne of thefe 
 three fiflhes among the nimiber of them whereof he wryieth in his natural hyllorie. 'Ihefe Tibiirons coomnie 
 fiirth of the fiM .md enter into llie ryuers, where they are no lelTe perelous then gre.ite lifirtes or Crocodiles whcrof 1 
 haue fpoken largely belore. lortiieyileUDiiremen.kiiie, and horfes.eueu as do.) the Crocodiles. They are very daun- 
 gerous in certeyne waflliynge pi.ices or pooles t)\ tiie ryuers fyiies. and wlieie liny haue deuoured .it otlier tymes. 
 Dyuers other fyflhes both greate and fmaule, ol fundry lortes and kyndes are aecullomed to liilowe tiie Ihyjipes 
 goynge vnder fayle, of the whitii I wyl ipeake fumwhat when 1 haue wrytten of Manate which is the thyrde of 
 tiie tliree wiiereof 1 ii.iue ])roiiiyled to eiitreate. Manate tlierefore. is a lyfflie ol the lea, ot the byggell forte, 
 
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 Flyinge fysshes. 
 
 and muche greater then the Tiburon in length and breadth ; And is very brutyffhe and vyle, fo that it appeareth 
 in forme lyke vnto one of ihofc great veffellus made of goates fl^ynnes wherin they vfe to cary newe wyne in 
 Medina tk Campo or in Arciialo. The heailde of tliis beafl i.s lyke the head of an oxe, witli alfo lyke eyes. 
 And liatli in the place of amies, tuo great flumpes wherwith he fwjmmeth. It is a very gentle and tame 
 beafte: And commeth oftentynies owt of the water to the next fliore: where if he find [a]ny herbes or grafic, he 
 feedeth therof. Owre men are accullomed to kyl many of tliefe and d)uers other good fyfflies with theyr 
 croflfebowcs, purfuinge them in barkes or Canoas, bycaufe they fwymme in maner abouc the water. The 
 whiche thyiige when they fee, they drawe them with a hooke tydc at a fmaule corde, but fumwhat flronge. As 
 the fyfflie ilyeth away, the archer letteth go and prolongeth the corde by lyttle and lyttle vntjll he haue lette 
 it go many fiuhams. At the ende of the corde, there is tyde a corke or a jiiece of lyght woodde. And when 
 the fyfflie is goone a lyttle way, and liathe coloured the water with his bludde, and feeleth hyni felfe to faynt 
 and drawe towarde th[e]ende of his lyfe, he refortethe to the fliore, and the archer foloweth gatlierynge vp his 
 corde; wherof whyle there yet reniaine five or eyglit fatharas or fum what more or leffe, he draweth it towarde 
 the lande, and draweth tlie fjfllie therwiili by little and lyttle as the waues of the fea lielpe hym to doo it the 
 more eafely. Then with the lieljie of the refle of his companie he lyftetlie this greate beafl owt of the water 
 to the lande, beinge of fuch bygneffe that to conuey it from tlienfe to the citie, it flialbe recjuifite to haue a carte 
 with a good yoke of oxen, and fumtymes more, accordyng as thefe fyfdies are of byggeneffe, fum being much 
 greater then other fum in the fame kynde as is feene of other beafles. Sunitynies they lyft thefe fyfflies into 
 the Canoa or barke, withowt drawjnge them to the lande as before. For as foone as they are llayne, they 
 flote aboue the water. And I beleue verely that this fyfflie is one of the befl in the world to the tafte, and the 
 lykefl vnto flefllie. Efpecially fo lyke vnto biefe, that who fo hath not feene it hole, can iudge it to bee none 
 other when he feethe it in i)ieces then \erye biefe or veale. Anil is certeynly fo lyke vnto fleflie, that all the 
 men in the worlde may herin bee deceaueil. The tafte lykewyfe, is lyke vnto the taft of very good veale, and 
 lafteth longe yf it bee poudered. So that in fine, the bafe of thefe parties, is by no nieanes lyke vnto this. 
 This Manate, hath a certeine ftone or rather bone in his headde within the brayne, which is of iiualitie greatly 
 appropriate ageynfte the difeafe of the ftone, if it bee burnte and grounde into fmaule pouder, and taken 
 faftynge in the mornynge when the payne is felte, in fuch quantitie as maye lye vppon a penye with a drawght 
 of good whyte wyne. For beynge thus taken three or foure mornynges, it ac(iuieteth the grefe as dyuers haue 
 toulde nie whiche haue proued it trewe. And I my felfe by teftinionie of fight, doo wytneffe that I haue leene 
 this ftone fought of dyuers for this efl'ecte. 
 
 There are alfo dyuers other fyfflies as bygge as this Manate : Emonge the which there is one cauled 
 Vihudla. This fyflie beareth in the toppe of his headde, a fwoorde beinge on euery fyde full of many fliarpe 
 teeth. This fwoorde is naturally very harde and ftronge, of foure or fyue fjiannes in length and of proportion 
 accordynge to the fame byggenes. And for this caufe is this fyflie cauled Spada: that is the fwoord fyflie. Of 
 this kynde fum are found as lyttle as fardines : and other fo greate, that two yokes of oxen are fcarfely able to 
 drawe them on a carte. But whereas before, 1 haue promyfed to fjieake of other fyfflies which are taken in 
 thefe feas whyle the fliyppes are vnder fayle, I wyl not forget to fpeake of the Tunnye which is a great and good 
 fyfilie, and is oftentynies taken and kylde with troute fpeares and liookes cafte in the water when they play 
 and fwymme aboute the fliyppes. In lyke maner alfo are taken many turbuts which are very good fyfflies as 
 are lyghtly in all the fea. 
 
 And here is to bee noted, that in the greate Ocean fea, there is a ftraunge thynge to bee confidered, 
 whiche all that haue byn in the Indies affirnie to bee trewe. And this is, that lyke as on the lande there are 
 fum prouinces fertile and frutfuU, and fum barren, euen fo dooth the lyke chaunce in tiie fea : So that at fum 
 wyndes the fliypjies fayle fiftie or a hundreth, or two hundreth leacjues and more, withowt takyng or feinge of 
 one fyfflie. And ageyne in the felfe fame Ocean, in fum places, all the water is feene tremble by the mouynge 
 of the fyfflies, where they are taken abundaunily. 
 
 It commeth further to my remeniberaunce to fpeak fumwhat of the flyinge of fyfflies, which is doubtlefle a 
 ftraunge thynge to beholde, and is after this maner. When the fliyppes fayle by the greate Ocean folowynge 
 tlieyr vyage, there ryfeth fumtymes on the one fyde or on the other, many coompanies of certcyne lyttle fyfflies, 
 of the which the byggeft is no greater then a fardyne; and foo diminifflie leffe and lefle from that quantitie that 
 fum of them are very lyttle. Thefe are cauled Volatori: that is, flyinge fyfflies. They ryfe by great coompanies 
 and flockes in fuch multitudes that it is an aftonyffliement to beholile them. Sunitynies they ryfe but lyttle 
 from the water: and (as it chaunceth) continew one il}ght for the fpace of a hundreth pafes and fumtymes more 
 or lefle before they faule ageyne into the fea. Sunitynies alfo they faule into the fliyppes. And I remember 
 that on an euenyng when all the company in the fliii)])e were on theyr knees fyngynge Saliie rcgina in the 
 higheft parte of the Caftel of the poope, and fajled with a full wynde, there paffed by vs a flocke of thefe flyinge 
 fyfflies: and came fo neare vs that many of them fell into the fliyppe, amonge the which, two or three fell hard 
 
it 
 
 The hyjlorie of the vvejie Indies. 
 
 233 
 
 by me wliich I tookc alyue in my hande: fo that I myght well perceaue that ihcy were as bigge as fardynes 
 and of the fame quantitie, hauynge two wynges or ijuylles growyng owt of theyr fynnes, lyke vnto thofe 
 wherwitli all the fyfflies fwymme in ryiiers. Tliefe wynges are as longe as the fyfflies theym felucs. As longe 
 as thejr wynges are moyfte, they beare them vp in the ayer. But as foone as tliey are drye, they can continewe 
 theyr llyght no further then as I haue fayde before, but faule immediatly into the fea, and fo ryfe ageyne, and 
 (lye as before from place to place. 
 
 In the yeare. A thoufand fyue hundreth fiftene. when I came fyrfl to informe your maieflye of the flate of 
 the thynges in Indya, and was the yeare folowynge in Flanders in the tyme of youre mofle fortunate fucceffe in 
 thefe youre kyngedomes ofAragonie and Jaflyle, wlieras at that vyage I fayled aboue the \\a.v\A Bermuda 
 otherwyfe cauled Garza, beynge the furthefle of all the Ilandes that are founde at thys daye in the worlde, and 
 arryuynge there at the deapthe of eight yeardes of \\ater, and dyflant from the land as farre as the fliotte of a 
 piece of ordynaunce, I determined to fende fume of the (hypjje to lande as well to make fearche of fuche 
 thynges as were there, as alfo to leaue in the I lande ccrtayne hogges for increafe. But the tyme not feruyng 
 my purpcfe by reafon of contrarye wynde, 1 could bryng my fliyppes no nearer the Ilande beinge twelue 
 leaques in lengthe and fyxe in breadth and about tliyrty in circuite, lying in the thyrtie and thre degre of the 
 northe fyde. Whyle I remayned here, I fawe a flryfe and combattc betwcne thefe flyinge fyflies and the fyflies 
 named gylte heades, and the foules cauled feamewes and cormorauntes, whych fuerlye feemed vnto me a thynge 
 of as greate pleafure and folace as coulde bee dcuyfed, whyle the gylte heades fwanime on the brymme of the 
 water and fumtymes lyfted theyr fliulders aboue the fame to rayfe the fwynimyngc fyfflies owt of the water to 
 dryue them to flyght, and folowe them fwymming to the place where they faule to take and eate them fodaynlye. 
 Agayne on the other fyde, the feamewes and cormorantes, take manye of thefe flying fyfllies : fo that by thys 
 meanes theye are notlier fafe in the ayre nor in the water. In the felfe liime perrell and daunger doo men lyue 
 in thys mortall lyfe wherin is no certayne fecurytye nether in hygh eflate nor in lowe. Which thynge fuerlye 
 ought to put vs in rememberaunce of that bleffed and fafe reflynge place whych god hath prepared for fuch as 
 loue hym, who fliall acquyete and fynydie the trauayles of thys troubelous worlde wherin are fo manye 
 daungyours, and brynge them to that eternall lyfe where they (liall fynde eternall fecurytye and refle. But to 
 returne to the hyftorye: thefe byrdes and foules whych I fowe, were of the Ilande of Bermuda nere vnto the 
 whych I fawe thefe fl)inge fyfflies. For they coulde bee of no other lande, forafmuche as they are not 
 accullomed to wander farre frome the coafles where they are bredde. 
 
 C Of thlclincreafe and decrcafe, {that is) ryfynge and faullynge of our 
 Ocean fea and Southe fea caiiUed the fea of^wx. 
 
 Wyll nowe fpeake of certeayne thynges wliiche are feene in the Prouynce, or at the leafle in 
 the citie of golden Caflyle otherwyfe cauled Berai^ua, and in the coafles of the North fea 
 and of the South fea cauUed the fea of Sur. Not omittyng to note one fynguler and nier- 
 uelous thynge which I haue confydered of the Ocean fea, wherof hytherto no cofmographer, 
 pylote or maryner or any other haue fatiffyed me. 
 
 I fay therfore as it is well knowen to your maieflye and all fuch as haue knowlege of 
 the Ocean fea, that this greate Ocean cafleth from it felfe the fea Alediterraneum by the 
 niouthe of the llrayght of GUnlterra : in the which the water from th[e]end and furthefle parte of that fea, euen 
 vnto the moutl". of the fayde Rraight, eyther in the Ead towarde the coade commonlye cauled Leuante, or in 
 any other parte of the fayde fea Afediterraneum, the fea doothe not fo faule nor increafe as reafon wolde iudge 
 for fo greate a fea. But increfethe verye lyttle and a fmaule fpace. NeuerthelelTe, withoute the niouthe of 
 the flraight in the mayiie Ocean, it increafeth and fiiuleth verye muclie antl a great fpace of grounde from fyxe 
 houres to fyxe hour-.'s, as in all the coafles of Spayne, Britannye, Flanders, Germanye, and England, The 
 felfe fame Ocean fea in the fyrme lande newly founde, in the coafle.; of tiie fame lyynge towarde the Northe, 
 dothe neyther ryfe nor faule, nor lykewife in the Ilandes of llifpaiiiola anil Cuba and all the other Ilandes of 
 the fame fea lyinge towarde the northe, for the f|)ace of thre tiioufande leaques, but onelye in lyke maner as 
 doothe the fea Aleditertaneum in Italye: wliiche is in maner nothynge in refpecte to that increafe and decreafe 
 whiche the (iiyde Ocean hath in the coaftes of Spayne and Flaunders. But this is yet a greater thynge, that 
 alfo the felfe fame Ocean in tlie coalles of the fayde fyrme lande lyinge towarde the' Southe in the citie of 
 Panama, and alfo in the coafle of that lande whiche lyethe towarde tlie Ealle and Welle frome tliat citie, as in 
 the Ilande of pearles or Mar^aritca whiche the Indians caule Tarrarequi, and alfo in Taboga and Oloque, and 
 
 •33 
 
 The Ilaml of 
 liurnuula. 
 
 Not to hie for the 
 pye, nor to lowe 
 for the Crowe. 
 
 204 
 
 Beri\ 
 
 Tlic west Occiui 
 
 The sea 
 
 McUilcrancum. 
 
 J/is/',iuiottt. 
 Cid;t. 
 
 : 
 
 4: 
 
mmmm 
 
 h 
 
 'f|i 
 
 
 t ; 
 
 
 f 
 
 !■■ 
 
 ? 
 
 
 1 
 'l 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 234 
 
 ; Suiilh sen. 
 
 The pdv-'er and 
 wihilonic of ^u(l i 
 scne in his 
 creatures. 
 
 205 
 
 E'.ciuecua anJ 
 Wracc. 
 
 Vanaiiiit. 
 
 The ryucr uf 
 Chaj^re. 
 
 The hyjioric of the vvejle Indies. 
 
 in all other Ilandes of the fouthe fea of Siir, the water ryfeth and fauleth fo much, that when it fauleth it 
 go[e]th in maner owt of fyghte, which thyngc I my felfe haue fcene oftentymes. 
 
 And here youre maicflie may note an other tliynge, that from the northe fea to the fouthe fea be) nge of 
 fuche d>fference the om' from the other in ryfynge and taulvnge, yet is the lande that deuydetli theym not 
 pafte eyghteene or twentye leaques in breadthe fronie coallij to coafle. So that bothe the fayde feas beynge 
 all one Ocean this flraunge effccte is a thynge worthy greatuly to bee confidered of al fuche as haue inclination 
 and defyre to knowe the fecreate woorkes of nature whcrin liie infinite powre and wyfedome of god is feene to 
 bee fuch as may allure all good natures to reuerence ;>iid loue fo diuine a maiedie. And wheras by the 
 demonftrations of lerned men I am not fatiffyed of the natural caufe hereof, I content my felfe to knowe and 
 beleue that he which hathe made thefe thynges, dooth knowe this and many other whiche he hath not granted 
 to the reafon of man to comprehend, much leffe to fo bafe a wyt as myne is. They therefore that are of 
 greater vnderflandynge, fliall fearche the caufe hereof, for them and for me, forafmuch as 1 haue onely put the 
 matter in quedion as a wytnefle that haue feene th[e]experiencc of the thynge. 
 
 C Of the Jlmyghf or narowe pajfage of the lande lyinge betivene the North 
 
 and South fea, by the whiche fpyces may much fooner and caflyer 
 
 be brought from the Ilandes of Molucca into Spayne by 
 
 the IVefl Ocean then by that ivay wherby the 
 
 Portugales fayle into Eafl India. 
 
 T hath byn an opinion amonge the Cofmographers and Pylottes of late tyme, and other which 
 iiaue had practife in thynges touchynge the fea, that there fliulde bee a (Irayght of water 
 paffynge from the North fea of the firme, into the South fea of Sur, whiche neuertheleffe 
 hath not byn feene nor founde to this daje. And fuerlye yf there be any fuche flrayght, 
 we that inhabite thofe partes do tliynke the (lime fluilde bee rather of lande then of water. 
 For the fyrme lande in fum partes therof is fo Rrayght and narrowe that the Indyans faye 
 that fronij ibe mountaynes of the prouynce of E/ijuci^ini or Vrraca, (whych are betwene the 
 one fea and the other) If a man alTend to the toppe of the mountaynes and looke towarde the Northe, he maye 
 fee the water of the North fea of the Prouynce of Beragua. And ageyne lookynge the contrarye waye, may on 
 the other fyde towarde the Southe, fee the fea of Sur and the prouynces whyche confyne with it, as doo the 
 territoryes of the twoo I.ordes or kynges of the iliyde prouinces of Vmua and Efqueguc. And I beleue that if 
 it bee as the Indyans faye, of al that is hetherto knowen, this is the narrowefl flrayght of the fyrme lande, whiche 
 fume af^yrme to bee full of rough mountaynes. Yet doo I not take it for a better waye, or fo fliorte as is that 
 whyche is made from the porte cauled Nomoi dd (whiche is in the Northe fea) vnto the newe citye of Panama 
 beynge in the coafle and on the banke of the fea of Sur. Whiche waye is likewyfe very rough ful of thicke 
 wods, mountaines, ryuers, valleys, and verye diffyculte to paffe through, and can not bee doone withowt greate 
 laboure and traua)le. Sum meafure this waye in this part, to bee from fea to fea. xviii. leaques, whych I fup- 
 pofe to bee rather. x.\. not for that it is any more by meafure, but bicaufe it is rough and dyffyculte as I haue 
 fayde, and as I haue founde it by experyence hauynge nowe twyfe i)alfed that way by foote : countyng from the 
 porte and vyllage of Ncmen Dei vnto the dominion of the Cacique of Iuaruii;a otherwyfe cauled Capira. viii. 
 lea(|ues : And frome thenfe to the ryuer of Chagre, other, viii. leacjues. So that at this ryuer beinge. xvi. leaques 
 from the fayde porte, endeth the roughnefle of the way. Then from henfe to the maruelous brydge are two 
 leaques : And beyonde that, other twoo vnto the port of Panama : So that all togyther in my iudgmente, make 
 XX. leaques. And if therfore this nauigation may bee founde in the South fea for the trade of fpiccs (as we trufl 
 in God) to bee brought from thenfe to the fayde porte of Panama (as is [lollible enough) they may afterwaide 
 eafly paffe to the Northe fea notwithflandynge the difiicultie of the waye of the. xx. leaijues aforefiiyde. Whiche 
 thynge I affirme as a man well trauayled in thefe regions, hauynge twyfe on my feate paffed ouer this flrayght 
 in the yeare. 1521. as I haue fayde. It is furthermore to bee vnderllode, that it is a maruelous facilitie to bryng 
 fpices by this way which I wil now declare. From Panami to the ryuer of C/iagrr, are foure leaques of good 
 and fayre way by the which cartes may palTe at pleafure by reafon that the mountaynes are but fewe and lyttle, 
 and that the greatefle parte of thefe foure leaques is a playne grounde voyde of trees. And when the cartes are 
 coonune to the fayde ryuer, the fpices may be caryed in barkes and pinnefles. For this ryuer entereth into the 
 
 I. 
 
The hyjlorie of the vvejle Indies. 
 
 235 
 
 North fea fyue or. vi leaques lower then the port of Nomcn del, and emptieth it felfe in the fea ncre vnto an 
 Ilande caulcd Dajlimmto, where is a very good and fafe port. Yowr maiedie may now therfore confydcr liowe 
 great a thynge and what commoditie it may bee to conuey fpices this way, forafmuch as the ryuer of Chagre 
 hauyng his originall only two leaques from the South fea, contineweth his courfe and emptieth it felfe into the 
 other North fea. This ryuer runneth fafl and is very greate, and fo commodious for this purpofe as may be 
 thowght or defyred. The marueilous bridge made by the worke of nature, being two leaques beyonde the fayd 
 ryuer, and other hvoo leaques on this fyde the porte of Panama, fo lyinge in the niydde way betwene them 
 both, is framed naturally in fuch fort that none which paffe by this viage fee any fuch bridge or thynke that 
 there is any fuch buyldyng in that place vntyll they bee in the toppe therof in the way toward Panama. But as 
 foone as they are on the brydge, lookynge towarde the ryght hande, they fee a lyttle ryuer vnder them 
 which hath his chanell diflante from the feete of them that walke oucr it, the fpace of twoo fpeares length or 
 more. The water of this ryuer is very flialowc, not paffyng the depth of a mans legge to the knee : and is in 
 breadth betwene thyrtie and fortie pafes : and faulcthc into the ryuer of CJiagre. Towarde the ryght hand 
 flandyng on this brydge, there is nothyng feene but great trees. The largcnefle of the brydge, contcyneth. xv. 
 pafes ; and the length thereof about threefcore or fourefcore pafes. The arche is fo made of mode harde flone, 
 that no man can beholde it without admiration, beinge made by the hyghe and omnipotent creatour of all 
 thynges. But to returne to fpeakc finnwhat more of the conueying of fpices, I fay that when it flial pleafu 
 almyghty god that this nauigation aforefayde (hal bee founde by the good fortune of yowre niaieRie, and that 
 the fpices of the Ilandes of the South fea (which may alfo bee otherwyfe cauled the Ocean of the Ead India 
 in the whiche are the Ilandes of Molucca) flialbe browght to the fayd coade and the porte of Panama, and bee 
 conueyed from thenfe (as we haue fayde) by the firme lande with cartes vnto the ryuer of Chagre, and from 
 thenfe into this owr other fea of the North, from whenfe they may afterward bee browght into Spayne, I fay 
 that by this meanes the vyage fliall bee (hortened more then feuen thoufande leaques, with muche Icffe 
 daunger then is by the viage nowe vfed by the way of Commendator of Ayfa capitayne vnder yowre maieftie, 
 who this prefent yeare attempted a vyage to the place of the fayde fpyces. And not only the way is thus 
 much (hortened, but alfo a thyrde parte of the tyme is abbreuiate. To conclude therfore, if any had hetherto 
 attempted this vyage by the fea of Siir, to feeke the Ilandes of fpyces, I am of firme opinion that they fliuld 
 haue byn founde longe fence, as doubteleffe they maye bee by the reafons of Cofmographie. 
 
 C Howe thynges that are of one kynde, dyffcr in forme and qualitie, accor- 
 
 dynge to the nature of the place where they are engendred or 
 
 growe. And of the beafles cauled Tygcrs. 
 
 N the firme lande are fownde many terrible beades which fum thinke to be Tigers. Which 
 thynge neuertheleffe, I dare not aftirme, confyderynge what auctourcs doo wryte of the 
 lyghtnes and agilitie of the Tyger, whereas this bead bcjnge other wyfe in fliape very like 
 vnto a Tjger, is notwithdandynge very flowe. Yet trewe it is, that accordynge to the 
 maruayles of the worlde and ditTercnces which naturall thynges haue in dyuers regions 
 vnder heauen and d)uers condellations of the fame vnder the whiche they are created, wee 
 fee that fum fuche plantes and herbes as are hurtfuU in one countrey, are harmeleffe and 
 holfome in other regions. And byrdes which iii one prouince are of good tade, are in other fo vnfauery that 
 they may not bee eaten. Men likewyfe which in fum countreys are blacke, are in other places whyte : and yet 
 are both thefe and they men. 
 
 Euen fo may it bee that Tygers are lyght in fum region as they wryte, and maye neuertheleffe bee flowe 
 and heauy in thefe Indies of yowr niaiedie wherof we fpeake. The flieepe of Arabic drawe theyr tayles longe 
 and bigge on tiie ground, and the bulles of F-gypt haue theyr heare growynge towarde theyr headdes: yet are 
 thofe (heepe and thefe bulles. Men in fum countreys are hardy and of good courage, and in other naturally 
 fearefuU and bruiyflie. All thefe thynges and many more which may bee fayde to this purpofe, are eafy to bee 
 proued and woorthy to bee beleued of fuche as haue rcdde of the lyke in autours or trauayled the , de, 
 whereby theyr owne fyght may teache theym th[e]experience of thefe tlijnges wherof I fpeake. It is alfo 
 manifed, that Titcca wherof they make theyr breade in the Ilande of Hifpaniola, is deadcly poyfon yf it bee 
 eaten greene with the iufe : And yet hathe it no fuche propertie in the firme land where I haue eaten it many 
 times and foind it to bee a good frute. The bats of Spayne although they bite, yet are they not venemous. 
 
 The Tl.inde 
 Paiitiincnto. 
 
 The m.iniclous 
 bridge. 
 
 \ I 
 
 i 
 
 206 
 
 The Ilandes of 
 Mohicciu 
 The commoditie 
 of this vi.ngc 
 
 risers. 
 
 riantcs and 
 
 herbes. 
 
 Dirdes. 
 
 Men. 
 
 Shccpe. 
 lUillcs. 
 
 \ 
 
 ( 
 
 htcca. 
 
 Biiitev 
 
I 
 
 236 
 
 The Jiyjlorie of the vvcjle Indies. 
 
 Plinie. 
 
 The Tiger. 
 
 r\ . 
 
 m 
 
 
 w 
 
 
 iLi 
 
 i 
 
 207 
 
 The hunlyng uf 
 tigers. 
 
 A reward for 
 kyUinge of tigers. 
 
 Colonu.s compared 
 to Hercules. 
 
 The pillers of 
 Hercules. 
 
 The strnightes of 
 
 Giljilterra. 
 
 Note. 
 
 PLVS VLTRA. 
 
 Howe farrc 
 
 Th[c]enipcrours 
 
 ni.iicstiecxccllcth 
 
 IlLtculcs. 
 
 A tiger iiiailc tanic. 
 
 208 
 
 Sut in the firme lande many tlyc that are byttcn of them. And in this fournic may fo many thynges bee fayde 
 that tymc fliall not fuflkc to wrytc, whcras my intent is only to prone that this liL'afl may he a Tiger or of the 
 kind of Tigers although it be not of fuch lyghtneffe and fwiftnes as are they wherof Plinie and other autours 
 fpeake, difcrybynge it to bee one of the fwyftefle beafles of the lande, and that the ryuer of Tigris for the fwift 
 courfe therof was cauled by that name. 'J'he fird Spaniardes which fawe this Tyger in the firmc lande, dyd 
 fo name it. Of the kynde of thcfe was that which Don Diego Columbo the Admirall fent yowre maieflie owte 
 of newe Spayne to Toledo. Theyr heades are lyke to the heades of Lyons or Lioneffes, but greater. The 
 rede of all theyr boddies and theyr legges, are full of blackc fpottes one nere vnto an other and diuidcd with a 
 circumference or frynge of redde colour fliewinge as it were a fayre woorke and correfpondent picture. Abowt 
 theyr croopes or hynder partes, they haue thefe fpots byggeft: and leffe and leffe towarde theyr bellies, legges, 
 and headdes. That which was brought to Toledo, was younge and but lyttle, and by my eflimation, of th[e]age 
 of three yeares. But in the firme lande there are many founde of greater quantitie. For I haue feene fum of 
 three fpannes in hcyght, and more then fyue in length. They are beafles of greatc force, with flronge legges, 
 and well armed with naylcs and fangcs which we caule dogge teeth. They are fo fierce that in my iudgenient 
 no reall lyon of the b)'ggell forte is fc flronge or fierce. Of thefe, there are many founde in the firme land 
 whiche deuour many of the Indians and do much hurte otherwyfe. But fyns the comr/.ing of the Chrillians, 
 many haue byn kyld with Croffebowes after this maner. As foone as the archer hath knowlcge of the haunt of 
 any of thefe Tygers, he goeth fearchynge thejT trafe with his crofTebowe and with a lyttle hounde or bewgle and 
 not with a greehounde, bycaufe this beafl wolde foone kyll any dogge that wolde venter on hym. When the 
 hounde hath founde the Tyger, he runneth about hym bayinge continually, and approcheth fo neare hym fnappyngc 
 ar.'' (T-y,inynge with fo quicke flyinge and returnyng, that he hereby fo molefleth this fierce beaRe that he 
 dryuethe h)in to take the ne.xt tree, at the foote whereof he remayneth flyl baying and the Tyger grynnyng and 
 Ihewyng his teeth, whyle in the meane tyme the archer commeth neare, and. xii. or. xiiii. pafes of, (Iryketh hym 
 with the querel of his croflebowe in the brefle, and flyeth incontinent, leauynge the Tyger in his trauayle for 
 lyfe and death, bytynge the tree and catynge earth for fierccneffe. Then within the fpace of twoo or three houres 
 or the day folowynge, the archer retumeth thyther, and with his ilogge fyndeth the place where he 1 dthe deade. 
 
 In the yeare. 1522. I with the other rulers and magiflrates of the citie of SaiiHa Maria Antiqua in Darieiia, 
 toke order in owr counfayle, A rewarde of foure or fyue pieces of golde to bee giuen to euery man that kylde 
 any of thefe Tygers: by reafon wherof many were kylde in fliorte fpace both with croffebowes and alfo with 
 dyuers fnares and ingens. But to conclude, I wyll not obflynately fland in opinyon whether thefe bcaRes bee 
 Tygers or Panthers, or of the number of any other fuch beafles of fpotted heare, or alfo peraduenture fum other 
 newe beafle vnknowen to the owlde wryters as were many other wherof I haue fpoken in this booke. Of which 
 thynge, I doo not greately meruayle, For afmuche as vnto owre tyme thys grcate parte of the worlde was 
 vnknowen to the antiquitie: In fo muche that none of the wryters of that age, nor yet Ptolomie in his 
 Cofmograi)hie, or any other fence hym, haue made any mention herof, vntill the fyrfl Admyrall Don 
 Chrytlopher Colonus difcouered the fame. A thynge doutelefle without comparyfon muche greater then that 
 whyche is fayd of Hercules, that he fj-rde gaue th[e]enterance of the fea AMikrraiiciim into the Ocean, whiche 
 the Grckes coulde neuer doo before hym. And herof ryfethe the fiible that the mountaynes of Cal|)e and Abila 
 (which are directly one agaynll an other in tb.e flrayght of Gil>i/hrra, the one beyng in Spayne and the other in 
 Afliryke) were ioyned togither before they were opened by Hercules, who erected thofe hys pyllcrs whiche your 
 maieflye gjiie in token of prehemynence and lyke enterpryfcii with lykewyfe thefe hys wordes plvs vltra: 
 wordes douteleffe worthy for fo greate an[d] vnyuerfall an Emjicroure, and not conuenyent for any other Prynce. 
 Forafmuche as your holy Catholyke Maieflye haue fpredde them in fo flraunge and remote regyons, fo manye 
 thoufande leaques further then euer dyd Hercules. And certeynlye fyr. If there had byn an Image of golde 
 made in the prayfe and fame of Coionus, He had as well deferued it as any of thofe men to whom for thejr 
 noble enterprjfe the antiquytie gaue deuyne honoure, if he had byn in their tyme. But to returne to the matter 
 whereof I began to fpeake : I necde fay no more of the forme of thys beade, for as muche as your Maiedye haue 
 feene that whych is yet alyue in Tolledo. And fuerly the keper of your Maiedies lyons, who hath taken vppon 
 hym the charge to tame this beade, myght better haue bedowed his paynes in an other thynge that myght haue 
 bynne more profitable for the fafegarde of hij l)'fe bycaufe this Tyger beinge yet but younge, wyl dajly bee 
 dronger and fiercer and increafe in malice. The Indians (and efpecially they of the firme lande in the prouince 
 whiche the Catholyke Kynge Don Ferdinando commaunded to bee cauled golden Cadyle) caule this beade 
 OM. This thinge is draunge that chaunced of late: that whcras the Tiger wherof we haue made mention 
 before, wolde haue kylde hia keeper that then kept hym in a cage, was in fewe dayes after made fo tame that 
 he ledde her tyed only with a fmaule corde and playde \i'\\.\\ her fo familyarly that I maruayled greatly to fee it, yet 
 not without certeyne belefe that this frendfliyp wyll not lade longe without daunger of lyfe to the keeper, forafniuch 
 as fuerly thefe beades are not meete to bee amonge men for theyr fiercenes and cruell nature that can not bee tamed. 
 
Hie hyjlorie of the vvcjle Indies. 
 
 237 
 
 ' 
 
 ••ri^ Of the mancrs and cuflomes of the Indians of thefirme iande, 
 
 and of theyr women. 
 
 He maners and cuftomes of tlicfe Indians, are dyuers in diners prouinces. Sum of them take 
 as man)- wyues as them lyde, and other lyue with one wyfe whome they forfake not without 
 confent of both parties, which chauncethe efpecialiy when they haue no ch)ldren. The 
 nobihtie afwel men as women, rejjute it infamous to ioyne with any of bafe parentage or 
 flrangers, except Chriflians, wliom they count noble men by reafon of theyr vaHentnes, 
 akhough they put a difference betwene the common forte and the other to whom they 
 fiiewe obedience, count)nge it for a great matter and an honorable thyng yf they bee 
 beloued of any of them. In fo much that yf they knowe any Chriflian man carnally, they kcepe theyr fayth 
 to hym, fo that he bee not longe abfent farre from them. For theyr intent is not to bee widowes or to lyue 
 chad lyke religious women. Many of theym haue this cuflome, that when they perceaue that they are with 
 cliylde, they take an herbe wherwith they dedroy that is conceaued. For they fay that only wel aged women 
 fluilde beare chyldren, and that they wyl not forbeare theyr pleafures and deforme theyr boddies with bearynge 
 of chyldren, wherby theyr teates becoome loofe and hangynge which thynge they greatly difprayfe. When 
 they are delyuered of theyr chyldren they go to the r)uer and waflie them. 'Whiche doone, theyr Lludde and 
 purgation ccafeth immediatly. And when after this they haue a few days abfleyned from the company of men, 
 they becomme fo flrayght as they fay which haue had carnall familiaritie with them, that fuch as vfe them, can 
 not without much diflicultie fatiffie theyr appetite. They alfo whiche neiier had chyldren, are euer as vyrgins. 
 In fum partes they weare certeyne lyttle apernes roiuide about them before and behynde as lowe as to theyr 
 knees and hammes, wherwith they couer theyr priuie partes, and are naked all theyr boddie byfyde. The 
 principal men beare theyr priuities in a holowe pype of golde : but the conmion forte haue theym inclofed in 
 the fhelles of certeyne great welkes, and are byfyde vtt jrly naked. For they thynke it no more fliame to haue 
 theyr coddes feene then any other parte of theyr boduies. And in many prouinces bothe the men and women 
 go vtterly naked without any fuch couerture at al. In the prouince of Ciieua they caul a man C/iiiy, and a 
 woman Ira: which name is not greately difagreeable to many both of theyr women and of owres. 
 
 Thefe Indians gyue great honour and reuerence to theyr Cacique (that is) theyr kynges and rulers. The 
 principall Cacique, hath twelue of his mod dronge Indians appoynted to beare hym when he remoueth to any 
 place, or gothe abrod for his pleafure. Two of them cary hym fyttyng \-ppon a longe piece of woodde whicli 
 is naturally as lyght .-.s they can fynd The other tenne folowe nexte vnto hym as foote men. They keepe 
 continually a trottynge pafe with hym on theyr diuldcrs. AVhen the twoo that cary hym are wery, other twoo 
 coomme in theyr places without any didurbance or dey. And thus if the way bee playne, they cary hym in 
 this maner for the fpace of. xv. or. xx. leaques in one day. The Indians that are affigned to this oftice, are 
 for the mode parte flaues or Naboriti, that is, fuch as are bounde to continuall feruice. 
 
 I haue alfo noted that when the Indians perceaue them felues to bee troubled with to much bludde, they 
 lette theym felues blud in the calfes of theyr legges and brawnes of theyr armes. This doo they witli a very 
 fliarpe done, and fumtymes with the fmaule toothe of a vyper, or with a fliarpe reede or thorne. 
 
 All the Indians are commonly without beardes; In fo much that it is in maner a maruayle to fee any of 
 them eyther men or women to haue any downe or heare on the\r faces or other partes of theyr boddies. 
 Albeit, I fawe the Cacique of the prouince of Catarapa who had heare on his face and other partes of his 
 boddie, as had alfo his wyfe in fuche places as women are accudomed to haue. This Cuique had a great part 
 cf his body paynted with a blacke colour which neuer flideth: And is much lyke vnt'" that wherwith the Mores 
 paynt them felues in Barberie in token of nobilitie. But the Moores are paynted fpccially on theyr vyfage and 
 throte and certeyne other partes. Likewyfe the princii)all Indians vfe thefe payntynges on theyr armes and 
 bredes, but not on theyr vyfages, bycaufe amonge them the daues are fo marked. When the Indians of certeyne 
 prouinces go to the battayle (efpecialiy the Caniball archers) they cary certeyne dielles of greate welkes of the fea 
 which they blowe and niake therwith great founde muche lyke the noyfe of homes. They carye alfo certeyne 
 tymbrels which they vfe in the deade of drummes. Alfo very fayre plumes of fethers, and certeyne armure of 
 golde: efpecialiy great and rounde pieces on theyr bredes, and fplintes on there armes. Lykewyfe other pieces 
 whiche they put on theyr heades and other partes of theyr bodyes. For they edeeme nothyngc fo much as to 
 appeare galante in the war[re]s, and to go in mod coomely order that they can deuyfe, glyderynge with precious 
 dones, iewelles, golde, and fethers. Of the leade of thefe welkes or perewincles, they make certeyne lyttle 
 
 The Iiuliai 
 wulilcn. 
 
 Tlic ini;n nf Imlia 
 
 The kyng.; is 
 home on mens 
 backes. 
 
 I.illingoof 
 bludUc. 
 
 They h.inc no 
 beardeb. 
 
 Thcypaynle theyr 
 bodies. 
 
 209 
 
 The CitiiibalL'S. 
 
 Ani.iiri: of g^jltle. 
 
 Tbcir f^alantaes in 
 I ho warrcs. 
 
 :ii! 
 
238 
 
 The hyjlorie of the vvejl Indies. 
 
 Ms: 
 
 11^' 
 
 Thi-ir IvlcUs 
 
 Iluwe the woniL-n 
 bcare vp their 
 teates, wyth barrc 
 of guide. 
 
 Tlie stature and 
 ciilourt- of the 
 Indians. 
 
 I'hc Indians 
 canlcd Curonati. 
 'Thellandcuf 
 giantcs. 
 
 The sculh;s of the 
 Indians licades. 
 
 210 
 
 New Spaine. 
 
 1'he hoiiscs of the 
 Christians in India 
 
 Darietta. 
 
 Gardens. 
 
 l)eades of diners fortes and colours. They make alfo little braffelets wliiche they mengle with gaudies of golde. 
 Thefe they rowlc about there amies fromc the elbowe to the wrcRe of the hande. The lyke alfo doo they on 
 theyr Icgges from the knee to the foles of theyr feete in token of nobilitie. Efpccially thcyr noble women in 
 dyuers prouinces are accuflomcd to wearc fuch lewclles, and haue theyr neckes in maner laden therwith. 
 Thefe beades and Jewels and fuch other trynkettes, they caule Caquiras. Bifyde thefe alfo, they weare certeyne 
 rynges of golde at thcyr eares and noflrelles which they bore ful of holes on both fides, fo that the ringes hange 
 vppon theyr lyppes. Sum of tlicfe Indians, are poulde and rounded. Albeit, commonly both the men and 
 women take it for a decent thynge to weare longe heare, which the women wearc to the myddefl of theyr 
 fliuldcrs and cut it e()ually, efpccially abouc thcyr browes. This doo they with certeyne harde floncs which they 
 keepe for the fiime purpofe. The principall women when theyr teates faule or bccoome loofe, beare them v|) 
 with barrcs of golde of the length of a fpanne and a halfc, wel wrought, and of fuch byggencffc that fum of them 
 way more then two hundreth Caflilians or ducadcs of golde. Thefe barrcs haue holes at both th[e]endes, 
 whereat tlicy tje two fm lul cordcs made of cotton at euery ende of the barrcs. One of thefe cordes go[e]th ouer 
 the fluildcr, and the oilier vndcr the arnie holes where they tye together, fo that by this nieanes the barre 
 beareth vp theyr teates. Sum of thefe chiefe women go to the batta)'le with theyr hufbandcs, or when they 
 them felucs are regentes in any prouinces, in the which they haue all thyngrs at commaundement and execute 
 th[e]office of gcnerall cajjitavnes, and caufe them fclues to bee caryed on mens backes in lyke maner as doo 
 the Cacitjues of whom I haue fpoken before. 
 
 Tlicfc Indians of the firnie lande are muche of the fame flature and coloure as are they of the Ilandes. 
 They arc for the mod part of the colour of an olyue. If there bee any other difference, it is more in byggeneffe 
 then othcrwyfe. And efpccially they that are cauled Coroiia/i, are flronger and bygger then any other that I 
 haue feenc in thefe parties, e.vccpt thofe of the llande of giantcs whiche are on the fouth fyde of the Ilande of 
 Hifpaniola nere vnto the coafles of the firme lande : And lykewyfe certeyne other which they caule Yucatos 
 which are on the north fyde. All which chiefcly, although they bee no giantcs, yet are they doubteleffe the 
 byggefle of the Indyans that are knowcn to this day, and commonly bygger then the Flemynges; and efpccially 
 many of them afwell women as men, are of very hyghe flature, and are all archicrs bothe men and women. 
 Thefe Coronati inhabite thirtie leaques in length by thefe coadcs from the poynt of Canoa to the greate ryuer 
 which they caule Guadakhihir nere vnto SiViHci Maria de gratia. As I traucrfcd by thofe coafles, I fylled a 
 butte of freflie water of that xy\\c\ fyxe lca<iues in the fea fronie the mouthe therof where it fauleth into the fea. 
 They are cauled Coronati (that is crowned) bycaufe theyr heare is cutte round by theyr eares, and poulde lower 
 a great compafe abowte the crowne much lyke the fryers of faynt Augutlines order. And bycaufe I haue fpoken 
 of theyr maner of wearynge theyr heare, here commeth to my rememberaunce a thynge which I haue oftentynies 
 noted in thefe Indians. And this is, that they haue the bones of the fculles of thcyr hcades foure tymcs thycker 
 and much flronger then owres. So that in commyng to hand flrokes with them, it fhalbe requifite not to 
 flrike tlicni on the heades with fwoordes. For fo haue many fwoordes bynne broken on theyr beades with lyttle 
 hurt doone. And to haue fayde thus much of theyr cuRonies and maners, it flial fulVice for this tynie, bycaufe 
 I haue more largely intreated herof in my gcnerall hydorie of the Indies. Yet haue I nother there nor here 
 fpoken much of that parte of the firme lande whiche is cauled Nona Hifpania (that is, newe Spaync wherof the 
 Ilande ol lucatana is part) forafmuche as Fcnlinando Cortefe hath wrytten a large booke thereof. 
 
 Of the houfes of thefe Indians, I haue fpoken fuflicicntly clswhere. Yet haue I thought good to informe 
 yowr maieflie of the bu)'ldyngc and houfes which the Chriftians haue made in dyuers places in the firme lande. 
 They buyldc them nowe therfore with two folars or loftcs, and with loopcs and wyndowes to open and fliutte. 
 Alfo with (Ironge tyniber and very fayre hordes. In fuche forte that any noble man niaye wel and pleafountly 
 bee lodged in fum of them. And amonge other, I my fclfe caufed one to bee buildcd in the citie of SanHa 
 Afaria Antigua in Darieita whiche code me more then a thoufande and fyue hundreth Cadelians : being of 
 fuch fort that I may well interteyne and commodioudy lodge any Lorde or noble man, referuynge alfo a parte 
 for my fclfe and my famelie. For in this may mr. y houfeholdes bee kepte both abouc and benethe. It hath alfo 
 a fayre garden with many orange trees bothe fwecte and fowre : Ceders alfo, and Lemondes, of the which there 
 is nowe great plentie in the houfes of the Chrydians. On one fj-de of the gardcyne, there runneth a fayre ryuer. 
 The fituation is very pleafaunte, with a good and holfomc ayer, and a fayre profpecte abowte the ryuer. In fine, 
 owre trude is that in fewe yeares al thynges in theic regions fliall growe to a better date accordynge to the holy 
 intention of yowre maiedie. 
 
 \f\ 
 
 ajg 
 
! .1 
 
 The hyjloyic of the vvejle Indies. 
 
 239 
 
 Of tJie chief e Ilaudes Hifpaniola and Cuba. 
 
 He Indians which at this prcfent inhabite the Ilando of Jlifpaniohr, arc but fcwc in number, 
 and the Chryflyans not fo many as they ought to bee forafmuchc as many of them that were 
 in this Ilande, are gonne to other Ilandes and to the fyrme lanJe. For beyngc for the 
 mofle parte younge men vnmaii'xl, and defirous dayly to fee newe thyngs wherin mans 
 nature delitcth, they were not willinge to contincwe longe in on[e] place : efpecially feeing 
 daiUe other newe landes difcouered where they tiiowght theye might fooner fylle there 
 purfes by beinge prefent at the firfle fpoyle. Wherin neuertheieffe tiieir hope deceaued many 
 of them, and efpecially fuchc as had houfes and habitations in thys Ilande For I certoynly bclcue, confyrm- 
 ynge my felfe herein with the ludgement of many other, that if any one Prynce had no more figniores then only 
 this Ilande, it flnild in fhorte tyme bee fuche as not to giue place eyther to Sicilie or Englande ; whereas euen 
 at this preiont there is nothynge wherefore it flnilde malice their profperitie not beinge inferioure to them in any 
 filicite that in maner the heauens can graunte to any lande : beinge furthermore fuche as maye inriche many 
 prouinces and kyngedomes bj- reafon of manye riche golde mynes that are in it of the bcfle golde that is founde 
 to this day in the worlde, and in greateft ([uantitie. In this Ilande, nature of her felfe bringeth furthe fuche 
 aboundance of cotton that if it were wrought and mayntcyned there fliuld be more and better then in any 
 parte of the world. There is fo greate plentie of excellent Caffia that a greate quantitie is brought from thenfe 
 into Spayne : from whenfe it is caried to dyuers partes of the worlde. It increafeth fo muche that it is a mer- 
 uelous thynge to confider. In this are many ryche fhoppes wher fuger is wrought : and that of fuch perfectencs 
 and goodnes, and in fuche quantitie that fliippes come laden thenvith )early into Spayne. All fuche fcdes, 
 fettes, or plantes, as are brought out of Spayne and planted in this Ilande, becoomme muche better, bygger, and 
 of greater increafe then they are in any parte of owre Europe. And if it chaunce otherwyfe that fumetymes 
 they profper not fo well, the caufe is that they whiche fluilde tyll and hufband the grounde, and fowe and plant 
 in dewe feafons, haue no refpect hereunto, being impacient whyle the wheate and vynes waxe rype, being gyuen 
 to wanderynge and other affayrcs of prefent gaynes (as I haue fayde) as fearchynge the gold mines, fyffliynge 
 for pearles, and occupyinge marchaundies, with fuch other trades, for the greedy folowyng wherof, they neglecte 
 and contempne both fowynge and plantynge. Suche frutes as are brought owt of Siiayne, into this Ilande, 
 profper marueloufly and waxe rype all tymcs of the yeare: as hcrbes of all fortes very good anil pleafaunt to 
 bee eaten. Alfo many pomegranates of the bed kynde, and oranges bothe fweete and fower. Lykewyfe many 
 fayre Lymones and ceders ; and a great quantitie of all fuch as are of fliarpe, fowre, and bytter taflc. There 
 are alfo many fygge trees whiche brynge furth theyr frute all the hole yeare. Lykewyfe thofe kjnd of date 
 trees that beare dates ; and dyuers other trees and plantes which were brought owt of Spayne thyther. 
 
 Beaftes doo alfo increafe in Ijke abundaunce: and efpecially the heardes of kyne are fo augmented both 
 in quantitie and number, that there are nowe many patrones of cattayle that haue more then two thoufand 
 heades of neate : and fum three or foun thou fande, and fum more. Byfyde thefe, there are very many that 
 haue heardes of foure or fyue hundi-ethe. And trewth it is, that this Hand haih better paflure for fuch cattayle 
 then any other countrey in the worlde: alfo holfome and cleare water and temperate ayer, by reafon whereof 
 the heardes of fuch beafles are much bygger, fatter, and alfo of better tafle tiien owres in Spayne bycaufe of 
 the ranke paflure whofe mo)Rure is better digefled in the herbe or graffe by the continuall and temperate 
 heate of the foonne, wiierby being made more fatte and vnctuous, it is of better and more (ledfafl nurylliement. 
 For continuall and temperate heate, dooth not only drawe muche nioyfture owt of the earth to the nuryfliement 
 of fuch thynges as growe and are engendered in that clyme, but dooth alfo b)- moderation preferue the fame 
 from refolution and putrefaction, digeflynge alfo and condenfatynge or thycken)'nge the (liyde moyfle nuryflie- 
 mente into a gummie and vnctuous fubflaunce as is feene in all fuche thingcs as growe in thofe regions. And 
 this is the only naturall caufe afwell that certeyne great beafles and of longe lyfe (as the Ele[jliante and 
 Rhinoceros with fuch other) are engendered only in regions nere vnto the Equinoctiall, as alfo that the leaucs 
 of fuch trees as growe there, do not wyther or faule, vntyll they bee thrufte owt by other, accordynge to the 
 verfe of the poete which fayth; Et nata pira piris, djicus infatbus extant. That is in effecte: peares growynge 
 vppon peares, and fygges vppon fygges. Plinie alfo wryteth, that fuche trees are neuer infected with the 
 difeafe of trees that the Latines caule Caries, which we may caule the worme or canker, being but a certeyne 
 putrifaction by reafon of a watcryflie nurylliement not well confolidate. The fame thynge hath bynne the 
 caufe that certeyne Phylofophers confiderynge afwell that man is the hottefl and moyltell beafl that is (which 
 is the befl complexion) as alfo that men lyue longetle in certe;ne partes of India nere the Equinoctiall (where 
 
 Men are desirous 
 of newe thingcs. 
 
 The commodities 
 of fltsp.iniol.-i 
 
 Enplande and 
 Sicilie. 
 
 Goldc mines. 
 Cotton. 
 
 Cassitt. 
 
 Siigcr. 
 ri.-intesandhcrbc4 
 
 Create thynges 
 hindered hy 
 respectc of 
 presentc gaynes. 
 
 211 
 
 Orangi:^. 
 Pomeg analcs. 
 Figgcs nl tlic 
 ycarc. 
 Dates. 
 
 Beastcs. 
 
 Greate heardes 
 of catt.itl. 
 
 Good pasture. 
 
 The crtectc of 
 continual and 
 moderate heate. 
 
 The cause of fatte 
 nuh^shcmente. 
 
 Rca^tcs of longe 
 lyfu in reRions 
 abowtc the 
 K<|uinoctialI Hne 
 Trees whos Icaues 
 doo not wither 
 
 The cancar of ihc 
 tree 
 
240 
 
 The hyjlorie of the vvcjtc Indies. 
 
 ! !; 
 
 V\ 
 
 B ;i| 
 
 I.nngc lyuide men 
 in India. 
 
 Pnr.idise ne.ire the 
 equinoctial line 
 
 Shcpe and hoggcs 
 
 Doggcs and c.ittcs 
 bccom[c] wylde 
 
 The situation of 
 Hispaniolii. 
 
 The citio of 
 san Domenico 
 
 212 
 
 I'lic riucr Ozania 
 
 The hauen 
 
 A catheJrall 
 churche and 
 monastcris in 
 Uispaiiiolx 
 
 ^n lio^pitalc. 
 
 The people 
 
 yet to this daye fumme Hue to tli[c]age of a hiinilreth and fiftie yeares) were of opinion that yf mankynde had 
 any begynnyngc on the earthe, tliat place owi^ht by good reafon to be vnder oi not flxrre from the Iviuinoctiall 
 lyne for the caiifes aforcfaydo. Sum of the diuincs alfo vppon lyke confideration hauo thought it a_nrcable that 
 thcyr I'aradyfe lluilde bee about the fame within the precincte of thofe ryuers which are named in the booke of 
 Genefis. liut to lette i)affe thefe thyngcs and to returne to the hyRorie. 
 
 In this Ilande furthermore, are many fliecpe and a great number of hoggcs ; of the which (as alfo of the 
 kyne) manye are becoonie wyld: And lykewyfe many dogges and cattes of tliofe whicli were brought owt of 
 Spaync. Thefe (and efpecially the dogges) doo much hurte amonge the cattayle by reafon of the negligence 
 of the hearde men. 
 
 There are alfo many horfes, marcs, and mules, and fuche other beafles as ferue th[e]ufe of men in Spayne, 
 and are much greater then they of the fyrde brode brought thether owt of Spayne. Sum places of the Ilande 
 are inhabyted, although not fo many as were re(|uifite; Of the whiche I wyll faye no more but that all the 
 regions of the Ilande are fo well fuuate that in the courfe of tyme all thynges diall coomme to greater perfection 
 by reafon of the rychneffe and pleadmntuclTe of the countrey and fertilitie of the foile. 
 
 But nowe to fpeake fumwhat of the i)rincipail and chiefe place of the Ilande, which .is the citie of Sail 
 Dommko: I faye that as touchynge the buildyngcs, there is no citie in Spaine fo muche for fo muche (no not 
 Barfaloiui whiche I Iiaue oftentymes feene) that is to bee preferred before this generallye. For the hoiifes of 
 San Domenico, arc for the mode parte of (lone as are they of Barfalona; or of fo (Ironge and well wrought 
 earth that it maketh a fmguler and flronge byndyng. The fituation is muche better then that of Barfalona by 
 reafon that the flreates are much larger and playner, and without comparyfon more directe and flreyght furth. 
 For beinge buyldcd nowe in owr tyme, byfyde the commoditic of the place of the foundation, the flreates were 
 alfo directed with corde, compafe and meafure, whcrin it excellcth al the cities that I haue fenc. It hath the 
 fca fo nere, that of one fyde there is no more fpace bctwen the fea and the citie then the waides. And this is 
 about fyftie pafes where it is furthell of. On this fyde, the waters of the fea beate vppon the naturall flones 
 and fayre coafle. On the other parte, harde by the fyde and at the foote of the houfes, paffeth the ryuer Osama 
 whiche is a marueylous portc wherin laden fliyiipes ryfe very nere to the lande and in maner vnder the houfe 
 wyndowes, and no further from the mouth of the ryuer where it entercth into the fca, then is frome the foote of 
 the h)ll ol Monyuye to the monaflcry of faynt Frances or to the lodge of BarAilona. In the riiyddefl of this 
 fpace in the citie, is the fortreffe and caflle, vnder the which and twentie pafes diftant from the fame, paffe the 
 fhippes to ar)fe fumwhat further in the fame ryuer. From the enteraimce of the fliypj^es vntyll they caR anker, 
 they fayle no further from the houfes of the citie then thyrtic or fortie pafes, bicaufe of this fyde of the citie the 
 habitacion is nere to the ryuer. The port or hauen alfo, is fo foyre and commodious to defraight or vnlade 
 fliyppes, as the lyke is founde but in fewe places of the worlde. The chymineis that are in this citie, are abowt 
 fyxe hundret.i in number, and fuch houfes as I haue fpokcn of before : Of the which fum are fo fayre and large 
 that they niaye well receaue and lodge any lorde or noble manne of Spayne with his trayne and famelie. And 
 efpecially that which Don I)iego Colon viceroy vnder yorr maieflie hath in this citie, is fuche that I knowe no 
 man in Spayne that hath the lyke by a quarter in goodneffe confydcrynge all the commodities of the fame. 
 Lykewyfe the fituation thereof, as beinge aboue the fayde porte and altogyther of flone and hauyr.ge many faire 
 and large roomes with as goodly a profpcct of the lande and fea as may be deuyfed, feemeth vnto me fo 
 magnificall and princelyke that yowr maieflie maye bee as well lodged therin as in any of the mooRe exquifite 
 bui'vled houfes of Spayne. There is alfo a Cathedrall churche buylded of late where afwell the byfliop 
 accordyng to his dignitie, as alfo the canones are wel indued. This church is wel buylded of Rone and lyme, 
 and of good woorkemanRiyppe. There are furthermore three monaReries bearyng the name of faynt Dominike, 
 faynt Frances, and faynt Marie of Mercedes; The whiche are all well buylded althoughe not fo curiouflye as 
 they of Spayne. But fpcakynge without preiudice of any other religious monaRerie, yowre maieRie may bee 
 well affured that in thefe three monaReries, god is as well ferued as in any other religious houfe with men of 
 holy lyuynge and vertuous exemple. There is alfo a very good hofi)itall for the ayde and fuccour of pore people, 
 whiche was founde by Michaell Pafliimcnt threafurer to yowr maieRie. To conclude, this citie from day to day 
 increafcth in welth and good order, afwel for that the foyde Admj-rall and viceroy with the lorde Chaunceloure 
 and counfayle appoynted there by yowr maieRie, haue theyr continuall abydynge here, as alfo that the rycheR 
 men of the Ilande refort hyther for theyr moRe commodious habitation and trade of fuch marchaundies as are 
 eyther brought owt of Spayne or fent tliyther from this Hand which nowe fo abundeth in many thynges that it 
 ferueth Spayne with many commodities, as it were with vfury reijuityng fuch benefites as it fyrft receaued from 
 thenfe. 
 
 The people of this Ilande are commonlye of fumewhat leffe Rature then are the Spanyardes, and of a 
 fliynynge or cleare browne coloure. They haue wyues of theyr owne, and abReyne from theyr dowghters, 
 fyRers, and mothers. They haue large forheades, longe blacke heare, and no beardes or heare in any other 
 
 fi \ 
 
 m 
 
The liyjlofic of the vvcjfc Indies. 
 
 241 
 
 parts of thcyr bodies afwel men as women, t-xccpto very fewe as perhaps fcarfely one anionge a llunifaml. 
 They go as naked as they were borne, excepte that on the jiartts which may not witli honellie bee feone, they 
 weare a ccrtcyne leafu as brode as a mans hamle, wliich ncucrthelelTe is not kc|ite clofe with I'lichc diliycnco but 
 tiiat fiimtymes a man m;iy fee tlial they thynke fiifliciently liytldc. 
 
 In this Hand are cerlcync yio woormcs that lliyne in the nyght as duo owrcs. I'lit arc nnu he bygi^er and 
 gyne a greater lyght: In fo mucli that wiien the men of the Ikmde goo any ionieys in the nyght, they beare 
 fiimnie of thefe woornies made fart, abowt theyr fiete and beade, in fuche forte that he that fluilde fee them a farre 
 and ignorant of the thinge, woKle bee greatly aflonyflied therat. By the lyght of thefe ahb, the women woorke 
 in theyr houfcs in the night. Tiiefe woormcs tliey caule Ciaias. Tlicyr lyglit lalleth for tiie fpace of three 
 (kiyes, and ihniipirflieth as they bogynnc to drye vp. 
 
 There is alfo a kynd of crowes whof^^ breath flynketh in the mornynge and is fwecte at after noone. The 
 excremente which they auoyde, is a lyuynge worme. 
 
 As toiichynge other thyngcs of this Ilande whereof Peter Martyr hath more largely 
 intreatcd in his Decades, I haiie thoiiglit it fiiperflnoiis to repeate the fame ageyne owte 
 of this hyflorie of Gotizalus Fcniinandus : but haue here gathered only fiiclie thyngcs as 
 eyther are not touched of Peter Martyr or not fo largely declared : as I haue doone the 
 lyke in all other notable thynges which I haue collected owt of this Summarie of Gonzalus. 
 
 C Of the Ilande of Cuba and other. 
 
 F the Ilande of Cuba and the other, as the Ilandes of San&i lohannh and Tamaica, the fame 
 maye be fayde in maner in all thynges as before of Hifpaniola although not fo largely. 
 Vet in leffe quantitie doo they brynge foorth the lyke thynges; as gold, copi)er, cattayle, 
 trees, plantes, fjfflies, and fuch other of the which wee haue fpoken tiure. 
 
 In Cuba, is a ccrteyne kynde of i'artyches beinge verye little, with theyr fethcrs much 
 of the colour of turtle dooues: but are of muche better tade to bee eaten. They are taken 
 in great number. And beinge brought wykle into the houfes, they becoome as tame within 
 the fpace of three or foure dayes as though they had b)n hatched there. They becoomme cxceadynge fitte in 
 fliort fpace, and are doubtelelTe the mofl delicate and pleafaunt meate that euer I haue eaten. ISut to let 
 paffe many other thynges that myght here bee fayde, and to fpeake of two manielous thynges which are in this 
 Hand of Cuba: wherof the one is, that a valley conteynynge twoo or three leaciucs in length betwene two 
 mountaynes, is full of a kynde of very harde flones of fuche perfecte roundeneffe and lyke vnto pellettes of 
 gunnes that no arte can make better or more exactly polyfflied. Of thefe, fum arc as fmaule as pellettes for 
 handegunncs: and other fo increafynge bygger and bygger from that ([uantitie, that thoy may feme lor all fortes 
 of artyllerie althoughe they bee of byggenelTe to receaue one or two or more quintales of pouder, euery quintale 
 conteynynge one hundreth weyght: or of what other (juantitie fo euer they bee. Thefe pelletes are founde 
 through owte al the valley within the earth as in a myne, which they digge and take owte fuch as they 
 neede of all fortes. 
 
 The other inarueylous thinge of this Hand is this: That farre from the fea, there idlieweth owt of a 
 mountayne a certeyne lycour much lyke the cley of Babilon cauleil Bitumen or lyke vnto pytche in great 
 ([uantitie and fuch as is very commodious for the calkynge of fliyppes. This fauleth continually from tlie rocke 
 and runneth into the fea in fuche abundaunce that it is feene flotynge .-'.boue the water on euery fide of the fea 
 there abowt as it is dryuen fronie place to place by the wynde or courle of the water. 
 
 Quintus Curftus wryteth in his hyflorie, that great Alexander came to the citie of Maui where is a great 
 caue or denne in the which is a fprynge or fountnyne that continually auo)-dethe a great ([uantitie of Bitumen 
 in fuch fort that it is an eafy thing to beleue that the (lones of the walles of Babilon myght bee layde iherwith 
 accordynge as the fayde auctoure wryteth. I haue feene this myne oi Bitumen, not only in the Hand of Cuba, 
 but alfo fuch an other in newe Spayne, which was found of late in the prouince of Panuco where it is much 
 better then the other of Cuba, as I haue feene by experience in calkynge of fliyppes. 
 
 fjlu wnrriics 
 
 213 
 
 Cmwcs stynkyiiKO 
 and bwccie. 
 
 S.iynt Fuhn \\\% 
 liaiulc 
 
 P;\rt riches. 
 
 Pellettes f.tr 
 
 RUlmcS WT'iUght 
 
 by tutture. 
 
 A rounl.iyne nf the 
 
 pytche ufUituiiicn- 
 
 {^nifilus C/irntts 
 
 Ititiimcn of 
 
 PnnuctK 
 
 : 
 
 ■ 
 
 i 
 
 1% 
 
 1 
 
 V ' 
 
 Kom. 
 
 »4« 
 
 m 
 

 
 !f1 
 
 r i 
 
 m 
 
 242 
 
 77ic liyjioyic of the vvcjic IiuHcs. 
 
 Baecnteos. 
 
 Indiana 
 
 214 
 
 Ryche furrcs and 
 sylucr. 
 
 Idulatcrs. 
 
 C Of the hxncic (t/* Bacoaleos canted Tcvr:\ Baccalcarum,y?///rt!/'^ on the 
 
 North fyde of the finnc laiide. 
 
 JHortly after that yowr Maicftie came to the citie of Toledo, there arryued in the moncth of 
 Ncuciiiher, Sttnicn Gomes the pylot who the yeare before of 1524. by the coiiiin.uiiulement 
 of yowre niaieflie fayled to the Northe partes and foiinde a greatc parte of hinde continuate 
 from tliat whith is caided 7?(7rc(?/!V'.f difeourfynge towarde the Wefl to the. xl. and. xli. degree, 
 from whenfc lie brought certeyne Indians (for fo caule wee all the nations of the new foundc 
 landes) of the whirhe he brought funi with hym from thenfe who are yet in Toledo at this 
 prefeiit, and of gre.iter flature then {ither of the firme lande as they are conimonlye, Theyr 
 colour is much lyke tli[e|otlier of the firme lande. They are great archers, and go couered with the fkinnes of 
 dyuers beafles both wylde and tame. In this lande are many excellent furres, as marterns, fables, and fuch 
 other rych furres of the whi<h the fayde pilote brought fumme with hym into Spayne. They haue fyluer and 
 copper, and certeyne other metalles. They are Idolaters and honoure the foonne and moone, and are feduced 
 with fuche fuperflitions and errours as are they of the firme. 
 
 
 1 
 
 And to havic wrytten thus miiche, it maye fuffice of fuche thin|]^es as haue femed 
 to me mofl woorthy to be noted in the Siimmarie of Gonzalus Fet'dinandus wrytten "" 
 Thl_e]emperours maieflie 
 
 to 
 
 '4» 
 
243 
 
 [The Third English book on America, 
 
 W/jic/j is also 
 
 The First English Collection oi- Voyages, Traffics, & Discoveries. 
 
 Clir Utcalrt^ ct the ntVot toorlftr at \\>t&t MXiin, tU. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 
 if- J 
 
 I'll 
 
 Antonio Pigafetta. 
 
 I 
 
 Li 
 < I 
 
 TJbe Jirst Circumnavigation of the Globe, by Fernam de 
 Magalhaeni s Expedition, in 1519-22. 
 
 First printed in 1526-] 
 
 
 1i Ti 
 
 t!| 
 
 ■JWtaaitr'iWM.iiWiiiiiriBiimfii'^iwv 
 
^^ 
 
245 
 
 I 
 
 C OF OTHER NOTABLE THYNGES 
 
 GATHERED OWTE OF DYUERS AUTOURS: 
 
 AND FYRSTE OF THE VNIVERSAL CARDE AND NEVVE WORLDE. 
 
 He hole globe or compafe of the earth was dyuyded 
 by the auncient wryters into three partes, as Europa, 
 Affrica, and Afia : whiche partes conteyne in longi- 
 tude. I So. degrees, begynnynge the fyrft degree at the 
 Ilandesof Canarie. And conteyne in latitude towarde 
 the North. 63. degrees, begynnynge the fyrfte 
 degree frome the Equinoctiall : And. 10. degrees 
 towarde the South. All the refte of the longitude 
 which conteyneth other. 180. degrees, is difcouered 
 of late tyme, as the Weft India caiiled the newe 
 worlde, bycaufe none of the owlde autoures had any 
 knowelege or made any mention therof. All that 
 thcrfore is cauled newe which is Weftwarde from the Ilandes of Canarie. And thus 
 accomptjnge thefe. 180. degrees towarde the Eaft difcouered in owlde tyme, witii 
 the other. 180. degrees difcouered of late daycs, they make, 360. degrees, which is al 
 the circle of the Equinoctiall in the fphere. Alfo the part aboue the. 63. degrees 
 of the North latitude, was founde by men of late tyme, as Norway and Grutlande 
 with many other proiiinces. L)kewife the part more fouth then. 10. degrees of latitude, 
 was difcouered of late da)es, althoughe Ariane and Plinic fay that it was knowen in 
 owlde tyme : whiche yf it were, yet had they no fuche particular defcription thereof as 
 we haue in thele dayes. 
 
 West rnilia llie 
 newe worlds. 
 
 The circtimfrrence 
 iif t)ic l'^(iuiiioi;tiu)i 
 lyne. 
 
 'l"he Xorlli 
 regioTis. 
 
 The S.iiith 
 refill mw 
 
 
 i 
 
 Kl'I'N. 
 
 Ul 
 
 MI 
 
 t ' 
 
 11 
 
 I 
 
m^ 
 
 V >■ 
 
 .n 
 
 m 
 
 w>\\ 
 
 l.li 
 
 
 Mm' ' 
 
 t-,^ 
 
 ''\ 
 
 lliii 
 
 246 
 
 Don Peter Martyr. 
 
 Rome sacked 
 
 A Hayloft in tlircc 
 ycares and uiie 
 moncth. 
 
 215 
 
 Anionic I'ig.iffit.t 
 
 /oioAtt-i Fithfr. 
 
 [The vyagc rotiudc about the vvorlde.'] 
 
 f A DISCOVRSE OF THE WAGE 
 MADE BY THE SPANYARDES 
 
 ROVNDE ABOWTE THE VVORLDE. 
 
 He vyage made by the Spanyardes rownde iibowtthe 
 worlde is one of the greateft and mode marueylous 
 tlijnges that hath bynne knowen to owre tyme. And 
 althoughe in many thyngcs we excell owre auncicnte 
 prcdiceffours, in this efpeciallye wee fo farre exceade 
 all theyr inuentions, that the lyke hath not heretofore 
 byn knowen to this day. This viage was written par- 
 ticularly by Don Peter Martyr of Angleria being one 
 of the counfayleof Th[e]emperours Indies, to whom 
 alfo was commytted the wrytyng of the hj'florie and 
 examination of al fuche as returned from thenfe into 
 Spayne to the citie of Siuile, in the yeare. M. D.xxii. 
 But fendjnge it to Rome to bee pryntedinthatmifer- 
 able tyme when the citie was fackcd it was lofle and not founde to this day or any memory 
 remaynynge therof, fauynge fuche as fum that redde the fame haue borne in mynde. And 
 amonge other notable thynges by hym wrytten as touchynge that vyage, this is one, that 
 the Spanyardes hauynge fayled abowt three yeares and one moncth, and the mofl of them 
 notynge the dayes, day by day (as is the maner of all them that fayle by the Ocean) they 
 founde when they were returned to Spayne, that they had lofle one daye: So that at 
 theyr arryuall at the porte of Siuile beinge the feuenth day of September, was by theyr 
 accompt but the fixth day. And where as Don Peter Martyr declared the flrange 
 effecte of this thynge to a certeyne excellente man who for his finguler lernynge was 
 greately aduaunced to honoure in his common welthe and made Th[e]emperours ambaf- 
 fadoure, this woorthy ger'^'^lman who was alfo a greate Philofopher and Aftronomer, 
 anfwered that it coukle not othcrwyfe chaunce vnto them hauynge fayled three yeares 
 continually, euer folowynge the foonne towarde the Weft. And faydc furthermore that 
 they of owlde tyme obferued that all fuche as fayled behinde the foonne towarde the 
 West, d)'d greatly lengthen the day. And albeit that the fayde booke of Peter Martyr is 
 peryflhed, yet hath not fortune [)ermitted that the memorie of fo woorthy and marueylous 
 an enterpryfe fluikle vtterly bee extincte : forafmuch as a certeyne noble gentleman of the 
 cytie of \'incenza in Ilalie, cauled mafler Antonie Pigafetta (who beinge one of the 
 coompanie of that vyage ami after his returne into Spayne in the fliyppe Victoria, was 
 made knyght of the Rhodes) wrote a particular and large booke therof which he gaue to 
 Th[e^emperours Maicflic, and fente a coppie of the fame into P'raunce to the ladj' 
 Regente moother vnto the frenche kynge, who committed it to an excellent i)hilofopher 
 cauled mafler lacobtis Fabcr, hauyng longe fludyed in Italy, wyllynge him to tranflate it 
 
 •4< 
 
v^ 
 
 The vyagc ronudc about the vvorlde. 
 
 247 
 
 into the Frenche toonge. This bookc therefore was printed fjrlt in the frenchc toonge 
 and then in the Itahen, with aHo an epiflle to the Cardinall of Sahepurge as touchynge 
 the fame viage, written by Maxiniiliane Tranfihiane fecretarie to Tli[e |cnipcronrs 
 Maieftie, in the yeare. 1522. And doubteleffe anionge al tlie cities of Itahe, the citie of 
 Vicenza may herein much glorie, that befide the ancient nobilitie and many excellent 
 and rare wyttes whiche it hath browght fnrth afwell in learnynge as difcipline of warre, 
 it hath alfo had fo woorthy and valiaunt a gentleman as was the faj'de mafler Antonie 
 Pigafetta, who hauing compafed abowte the ball or globe of the worlde, hath lykewyfe 
 defcribed that vyage particularly. For the whiche his io noble and woonderfull an 
 enterprife fo happily atchiued, if the fame liad byn doone in the owlde tyme when th[e]- 
 empyre of the Grekes and Romans florjflhed, he Ihulde doubteleffe haue byn rewarded 
 with an Image of marble or golde erected in a place of honoure in per;)etual! memorie 
 and for a fingular exemple of his vertue to the pofleritie. In hne, this may we bouldly 
 affirme, that the antiquitie had neuer fuch knowlege of the worlde whiche the foonne 
 coompafeth abowte in. xxiiii. houres, as we haue at this prefente by thfe ]induftrye of 
 men of this owre age. But before I fpeake any thynge of the viage, I haue thought it 
 good fyrft to adde hereunto, the Epiftle of Maximilian Tnuifduane which he wrote to 
 the Cardinal! of Salfepurge as a preface to his fayde bouke. 
 
 CTHE EPISTLE OF MAXIMILIAN TRAxNSILVANE, 
 
 SECRETARIE TO THE EMPEROVRS MAIESTIE: 
 
 wrytten to the ryght honorable and reuerende lordc, 
 
 the lorde Cardinall of Salfepurge, of the maruey- 
 
 lous and woonderfull nauigation made by the 
 
 Spanyardes rounde abowt the worlde in 
 
 the yeare of Chrift. M. D. xix. 
 
 N thefe dales my mofl honorable and rcucrcnd lorde, 
 returned one of thofe fiue ihippes which the yeare 
 before Th[e]eniperours beinge at Saragofa in Spayne, 
 were at his maiefties commaundement fent to the 
 newe worlde heretofore vnknowen vnto vs, to feeke 
 the Ilandes of fpices. For albeit the Portugales 
 brjnge vs great quantitie of fpyces from that parte 
 of Eafle India whiche in owlde tjme was cauled 
 Auj-ca C/icifonefiis (where is nowe thought to bee 
 the greate and rjche ciiie of ]\lalacclia) yet in Eafle 
 India growe none of thofe fpices excepte pepper. 
 For other fpices, as Sinamome, clones, nutmegges, 
 and mafe, (whiche is the hulke that couereth the 
 iliell of the nutte) are brought frome other farre con- 
 treys and from Ilandes fcarfely knowen by theyr names. From the whiche Ilandes they 
 are brought in (hyps or barkes made withowt any iren tooles, and t)ed together with 
 
 .Nf.Txifiiilian 
 TraiiMluane 
 
 The rcwarde of 
 nubic ciitcrprybcs. 
 
 The antinuitie had 
 lU) suchc kiKiwtuge 
 of the wurldc as 
 wc haue. 
 
 The Il.inclcs of 
 MoIui.ai. 
 
 A urea 
 Chersotu'sus, 
 
 Malaccha. 
 
 Spyccs, 
 
 > '1 
 
 
 : 
 
 il 
 
 >1 
 
 I 
 
 > i 
 
 
248 
 
 The vyage roiuide about tJic vvorldc. 
 
 'M 
 
 . ; 
 
 §^ 
 
 :il 
 
 ti } 
 
 V 
 
 The llandes of 
 Spyccs vnknowcn 
 in owldc Lyme. 
 
 216 
 
 Herodotus, 
 Sinaninme. 
 The Pheiiyx. 
 
 Plinie 
 
 The nauiBntion^iof 
 greatc Atcxandur. 
 Ethiopc. 
 
 TrogloditL 
 
 Tlie nrmiKntion 
 abuwtc the wurlde. 
 
 The owlde 
 autours reproiicd. 
 
 ^fon';tcr* 
 
 The vya^cs of the 
 
 Spanynnlc-s and 
 
 i'ortui^alcs. 
 
 Sinus Mii^HUS. 
 
 cordes of date trees: with rounde fayles lykevvife made of the fmaiile t\vi_<i^_t;es of the 
 branches of date trees weaned togyther. Thefe barkes they caule Giunchc: witli the 
 whiche barkes and fayles they make theyr vyages with oncly one wynde in the flearne 
 or contrarywyfe. 
 
 Neyther yet is it a thynge greatly to bee maruejled at that thefe llandes where the 
 fpyces growe haue byn vnknowen fo many worldes pafl vnto owre tynie, forafmuch as all 
 fiich thynges as vnto this day haue byn wrytten of owld autours of the places where fpices 
 growe, are all fabulous and falfe : In fo muche that the countreys where they affirme theym 
 to growe, are nowe certeynely founde to bee further frome the place where they growe in 
 deede, then we are from them. For lettynge paffe many other thj'nges that are wrytten, 
 I wyll fpeake only of this which Herodotus (otherwife a famous auctour) afhrmeth that 
 Sinamome, is founde in the toppes of the nefles of certeyne byrdes and foules that brynge 
 it frome farre countreys, and efpecially the Phenyx, the which I knowe no man that euer 
 hath feene. But Plinie who mjght more certeynely affirme thynges by reafon that before 
 his tyme many thynges were knowen and difcouered by the nauigatioiis of great Alex- 
 ander and other, fayth that Sinamome groweth in that parte of Ethiope whiche the people 
 inhabite cauled Trogloditi. Neuertheleffe it is nowe founde that Sinamome groweth very 
 farre from all Ethiope and muche further frome the Trogloditi \c\\\(i\\^ dwell in caucs vnder 
 the grounde. But to owre men which are nowe returned from thofe partes and the llandes 
 of fpices, hauynge alfo good knowlege of Ethiope, it was n ceffarie to paffe farre bcyonde 
 Ethiope beefore they coome to thefe llandes, and to coompaffe abowte the whole worlde, 
 and many tymes vnder the greatefl circumference of heauen. The which nauigation made 
 by them, being the mofl marueylous thynge that euer was doone by man vppon the earth 
 fence the fyrfl creation of the worlde, and neuer founde before, or knowen, or attempted 
 by any other, I haue deliberated faythfully to wryte to yowre honorable lordfliippe and to 
 declare the hole fucceffe therof. As touchynge which matter, I haue with all diligence 
 made inquifition to k owe the trewth afwell by relation of the Cai)ita)ne of that flijppe as 
 alfo by conference with euery of the maryners that returned with hym. All which, gaue 
 the felf fame information both to Th[e]emperours maieflie and dyuers other : And this with 
 fuch faythfulncffe and finceritie, that not only they are iudged of all men to haue declared 
 the trewth in all thynges, but haue thereby alfo gyuen vs certeyne knowlege that all that 
 hath hytherto byn fayde or written of owlde autours as touchynge tht:fe thjnges, are falfe 
 and fabulous. For who wyll beleue that men are found with only one legge. Or with 
 fuch fiete whofe fliadowe couereth theyr bodyes ? Or men of a cubite heyght, and other 
 fuch lyke, beinge rather monflers then men ? Of the which, neyther the S[)anyardes who 
 in owre tyme faylyng by the Ocean fca, haue difcouered al the coafles of the lande toward 
 the Wefl both vnder and aboue the Equinoctial!, nor the Portugales who compaffynge 
 abowt al Affryke haue paffed by all the Eafle and l)kewyfe difcouered all thofe coafles 
 vnto the great goulfe cauled Sinus Mngniis, nor yet the Spanyardes in this theyr 
 lafte nauigation, in the which they compafed abowt the hole earth, dyd neuer in any 
 of their vyages wryte of fuch monflers : which doubteleffe they wold not haue 
 omytted if they myght haue had certeyne knowelege therof But nowe intendynge to 
 fpeake of the whole world, I wyll not bee longe in my preface, but begynne my narration 
 as foloweth. 
 
 .43 
 
 
 n 
 
The vyagc roimde about the vvorhie. 
 
 249 
 
 eauc 
 
 v#^ A BRIEFE DECLARATION OF THE WAGE 
 
 OR NAVIGATION MADE ABOWTE THE WORLDE. 
 
 GATHERED OWT OF A LARGE ROOKE VVRYTTEN HEREOF BY 
 
 MASTER ANTON'IE PVGAFETTA VINCENTINE, KNYGIIT OF THE RHODES 
 
 and one of the coompanye of that vyage in the which, 
 
 Fcniiuaiido Magaliancs a Portugal e (whom 
 
 fum caiile Magcllanus) was gencrall 
 
 Capitaync of the nauic. 
 
 Lthowgh Scbaftian Munfter in his vniuerfall Cofmo- 
 graphie in the fyfthe booke of the landes of the 
 greater Afia (which I tranflated into Englyfhe 
 abowte two yeares fence) hath wrytten of the vyage 
 of MiXgcllanns, declarynge therein howe the Span- 
 yardes by the Weft, and the Portugales by the Eafte, 
 faylyng to the Ilandes of Alo/iicca, compafed tlie 
 hole globe of the worlde betwene them, yet haue I 
 here thonght it good to make a breefe repeticion 
 of thys vyage, addynge hereunto dyuers notable 
 thynges which were not touched of Munfter, as I 
 haue gathered them owt of the bookes of Antonie 
 Pigafetta and Tranfiluanus wrytten of the fame 
 vyage. For albeit in deede it was a ftraunge 
 and woonderful thynge that the Spanyardes and Portugales compafed the hole 
 circumference of the workle betwene them, yet is it more marueylous that the 
 fame was doone with one fliippe and one coompanie of men as dyd the Span- 
 yardes in this vyage, who keepynge theyr continuall courfe by the Wefte, 
 returned into Spayne by the Eafte. A thynge doubtleffe fo much more woonder- 
 full and ftrange then yf they had returned from the halfe circumference by the fame way 
 they went. Ir. Iiowe niuche they were ignorante in the vyage neuer attempted beefore, 
 befyde the thoufande daungiours and perylles whiche they were daylye lyke to faule into, 
 afwell by wanderynge in vnknowen coaftes as alfo by faulynge into the handes of the 
 Portugales by whofe dominions in the Eafte, they fliulde needes paffe of neceffitie, not 
 truftynge to theyr gentelneffe for the controuerfie which had byn longe betwene them 
 for the Ilandes of JMohtcca. I wyll therefore (as I haue fayile) make a briefe rehearfall 
 of thys vyage from the begynnynge to the endynge : Omyt';ynge neuertheleffe many 
 notable thynges whiche are more largely defcribed in the bookes of Maxiinilianus Tran- 
 jUitanits and Aittoiiiits Pigafetta. 
 
 •49 
 
 Sebastian Munstcr. 
 
 The Ilniulcs of 
 Mulucca. 
 
 217 
 
 C(intro(ien;ie 
 bctwttie tlie 
 S[i;uiynn!cs and 
 I'urtugalcs. 
 
 ■i"l 
 I 1)1 
 
 ). I V 
 
 ' i 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 hi 
 
 ?■ ;- 
 
 ^ I 
 
 ' \ 
 
 , < i 
 
 n 
 
250 
 
 The vyage roitnde about the vvorUc. 
 
 m 
 
 i' ' 
 
 Ferdinaiulo 
 
 Tlie C.ipeofsaynl 
 
 Vincent 
 
 The Ilandes of 
 Canarie. 
 
 Water enKcndLTcJ 
 of a ctowJc. 
 
 The llandof sayut 
 I'hunias. 
 
 Ctipo vfriie. 
 
 r.uinca in 
 Kthyupe. 
 ScrralioHo. 
 
 Fys.^hcs and 
 monsters uf the 
 sea. 
 
 The fyers of saints 
 Helcne and ij. 
 Nicolu!). 
 A tempest 
 
 The naturall canse 
 of such fiers as 
 faulu in the hhyps. 
 
 Car Janus. 
 
 Two kyndes of 
 fyers engendered 
 of exh.ilatiuns. 
 
 Trewe fyer and 
 faUc fyer. 
 
 218 
 
 Castor and Polhix 
 The ly>,'htes of 
 saynt Peter and 
 sayutu Nyculas. 
 
 I* i 
 
 TTicy lo5t llie 
 
 syulit of tlic North 
 
 &t;trre. 
 
 The l.inde of 
 
 Itrcsilc. 
 
 The South pole. 
 
 Sugai. 
 
 The tenthe day of Aumifl, in the yeare of owre lorde M. D. xix. Furdinando Magalianes departed from the 
 porte of Suiile in Sjjayne witli a naiiic of fyue (liyppes and two hundreth thirtie and feuen men, wel furnyfflied 
 with all thyngcs neceffarie. And faylynge fyrfle liowne by the ryuer of Guadahhilhr \vhi(;h nmneth from the 
 fayde porte into the fea, they came fyrlle to a place named Giouan Dulfaraz where are manye vyllages of the 
 Moores : And from thenfe arryiied at a caflel of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, where is the porte from whiche 
 they enter into the fea and to the cape faynte Vincent beinge diRant from the Eijiiinoctiall. xxxvii. degrees, ami 
 frome the fayile port. x. leatiucs, and is from thenfe to Siuile betwene xvii. and. xx. Icatiues. Here they remayned 
 certeyne dayes to make newe prouifion of fuch thyngcs as they lacked. 
 
 Departynge from henfe the. xx. daye of September, they arryued the. xxvi. day of the fame moncth at one 
 of the Ilandes Canarie cauled Tcncrife, beinge. xxv. degrees aboue the I'Jiuinoctiall. In one of thefe Ilandes is 
 none other water but that is continually engendered of a clowde which appeareth dayly at noone tyde as though 
 it defcended from heauen and comi)afetli abowt a certeyne great tree from whofe branches dillilleth greate 
 abundaunce of water, and faulethe in ftreames from the roote of the fame into certeine trenches and ceflames 
 made and jilaced to receaue it. This water ferueth fufliciently all th[e]inhabitauntes and cattayle of the Ilande. 
 The lyke thynge is alfo feene in the Hand of faynt Thomas, lyinge directly vnder the Etjuinoctiall lyne. 
 
 The thyrde day of October abowt mydnyght, the capytayne commaundeil theym to lyght fyrebrandes and to 
 hoyfe vp theyr fayles directynge theyr courfe towarde the South, faylynge betwene Capo Vcrdc of -VrtVjke and 
 the Ilandes lyinge abowt the fame, beinge from the Equinoctiall. xiiii. degrees and a halfe. They fayled thus, 
 manye dayes in the fyght of the coatle of Guinea, of Ethioi)e, where is the mountayne cauled Serra Lioiia beinge. 
 viii. degrees aboue the Equinoctiall. In this coafl. they had no nianer of contrary wynds but a great calme and 
 fayre wether for the fpacc of threefcore antl tenne dayes, in the which they came vnder the Eijuinoctiall l\ne. 
 In thys vyage they fawe many flraunge fyfllies and monflers of the fea befyde an other flraunge thjiige whiche 
 appeared vnto them. For there appeared in theyr fliyppes certeyne flames of fyre burnynge verye cleare, which 
 they caid faynt Helen and faynt Nicolas. Thefe appeared as thoughe they hail byn vppon the mart, of the 
 fiiyppcs, in fuch clearneffe that they tooke away theyr fyght for the fpace of a quarter of an houre : by reafon 
 wherof, they fo wandered owte of theyr courfe anil were difparfeil in funder, that they in maner difpayred to 
 nieete ageyne. IjuI as God wolde, the fea and temped beinge quieted, they came iiifely to theyr determyned courfe. 
 
 Antl before I fpeake any further of the vyage, I haue here thought good to faye 
 fumewhat of thefe ftraunge fyers, which fum ignorant folkes tliynke to bee fpirites or fiiche 
 other phantafies wheras they are but natural thyngcs proccadynge of natural caufes and 
 engendered of certeyne exhalations. Of thefe therefore, the greate Philofopher of owre 
 tyme Hicrotiinius Cardamis in his feconde booke de Subtilitatc, wryteth in this maner. 
 
 There are two nianer of fyers engendered of exhalations wherof the one is hurtfull and the other without 
 hurte. That which is hurtful, is fyer in deede, engendered of malicious and vcnemous vapours which in fucceffe 
 of time take fyer as apt matters to be kyndeled. The other kynd, is no trew fyer, but lyke the matter that is in 
 fuch owld putrified wod as giueth the fliynynge of fyer without the fubflaunce or qualitie therof. Of the kynde 
 of trewe fyer, is the fyer baule or flarre commonly cauled faynt Helen which is fumtyme feene abowt the mafles 
 of rtiyppes, beinge of fuche fyery nature that it fumetyme melteth brafen veffelles, and is a token of drownyng, 
 forafmuch as this chaunceth only in great tempcdes. For the vapoure or exhalation whereof this fyre is 
 engendered, can not bee dryuen togyther or compacte in forme of fyre, but of a grofe vajjoure and by a great 
 poure of wynde, and is therfore a token of imminent pcrcll: As on the contrary parte, the lyke fyers cauled in 
 owkle tyme Cajlor and JW/iix and nowe named the two lyghtes of faynt Peter and foynt Njcolas whiche for 
 the mofl i)arte faule on the cables of the fliyi)|)es, leapynge from one to an other with a certeyne llutterynge 
 noyfe lyke byrdes, are a token of fecuritie and of the tempefle ouerpaffetl. For they are but vapoures cleauynge 
 to the cables : which in fucceflfe of tyme, the fyer paflfynge from one to an other, appere in the fimilitude of a 
 lyght candell. They are a token of fecuritie bycaufe they are lyttle, nor flowe or grolTe, wherby they myght 
 haue ioyned altogyther in one, and byn thereby more malicious and killed longer, wheras beinge many and but 
 lyttle, they are the fooner confumed. 
 
 Hetherto Cardanus. But let vs nowe returne to the vyage. 
 
 When they had foyled pafle the Etiuinoctiall lyne, they lofl the fyght of the north flarre, and fajlcd by 
 fouthwefle vntyll they came to a lande named the lande of Breffil whiche fum caule Biajilia, beinge. xxii. 
 degrees and a halfe toward the fouth pole or pole Antartyke. This lande is continuate and one firme lande 
 with the cape of fliynte AugiiRine whiche is. viii. degrees from the Etiuinoctiall. In this lande they were 
 reiVeflhed with many good frutes of innumerable kindes, and founde here alfo very good fugar canes and diuers 
 kyndes of beades and other thyngcs which I omitte for breuitie. They entered into this hauen on faynt Lucics 
 
TIic vyagc roundc about the vvoyldc. 
 
 251 
 
 day: where llic fonne beinge there Zenith (that is the poynt of heaiien directly oner theyr lieadcs) they folte 
 greater heate that daye then wlien they were vnder the iMiuinoctiall line. This landc of Brafile is very large 
 and great: and bygger then all Spayne, Portugale, Fraunce, and Italie; and is mode abundaunte in all thynges. 
 The people of this countrey praye to noo maner of thinge: but line by th[e]inn.incte of nature, and to th[e]age 
 of C. XX. [one hundred and twenty] and. C. xl. [one hundred and forty] yeares. Bothe the men and women go 
 naked, and dwell in certeyne longe houfes. They are very docible, and foone allured to the Chryllian fayth. 
 
 Therteene dayes after that they arryued at the fayd port, they departed from this lande and fayled to the. 
 xxxiiii. degree and a halfe toward the pole Antartike where they found a great ryuer of frefflie water and 
 certeyiie Canibales. Of thefe they fawe one owt of theyr fliyppes, of (lature as bigge as a giante, hauynge a 
 voyce lyke a bul. Owre men purfued them, but they were fo fwyfte of foote that they coulde not ouertake 
 them. Abowt the mouth of this ryuer, are feuen Ilandes, in the byggefl wherof, they founde certeyne precious 
 flones, and caulcd it the cape of faynt Marie. The Sjjanyardes thought that by this ryuer they might haue 
 paffed into the fouth fea. But they were deceaued in theyr opinion. For there was none other paflage then 
 by the ryuer which is. xvii. leaques large in the mouth. 
 
 Thus folowynge this coafle by the tractc of the lande towarde the pole Antartyke, tliey came to a place 
 where were two Ilandes replenyfflied with giefe and woolues of the fea which fum thynke to bee thofe fyflbes 
 that wee caule pikes. Thefe were in fuch number that in an houre all the fyue fliippes myght haue byn latle 
 with giefe beinge all of blacke coloure, and fuch as can not flye. They lyue of fyfflie and are fo fatte that they 
 coulde fcarfely fle theym. They haue noo fethers but a certeyne downe : and theyr l)yls like rauens byls. 
 Thefe woolues of the fea are of dyuers coloures, and of the byggenelTe of calues, with theyr heades of golden 
 coloure. Here were they in great daungiour by tempcfl. But as foone as the three fyers c.auled foynte Helen, 
 faynte Nycolas, and faynt Clare, ajjpered vppon the cabels of the fliyppes, fuddeynelj- the tempeRe and furye 
 of the wyndes ceafed. 
 
 Dcpartynge frome henfe, they fayled to the. 49. degree and a halfe vmder the pole Antartyke: where beinge 
 w) ntered, they were inforced to remayne there for the fpace of two monethes, all which tyme they fowe no man 
 except that one daye by chaunce they efpyed a man of the (lature of a giante, who came to the hauen daunfyng 
 and fyngjnge, and fliortly after feemed to caR duR ouer his heade. The capitayne fente one of his men to the 
 fliore with the fliyppe boate, who made the lyke figne of peace. The which thynge the giante feinge, was owt 
 offeare and came with the capitaynes feruaunte to his prefence into a lyttle Ilande. AVhen he fawe the 
 capitayne with certeyne of his coompany abowte hym, he was greatly amafed and made fignes holdynge vppe 
 his hande to heauen, fignifyinge thcrby that owre men came from thenfe. This giante was fo bygge, that the 
 heade of one of owr men of a mcane Rature, came but to his waRe. He was of good corporature and well made 
 in all the partes of his bodie, with a large vyfage paynted with dyuers coloures, but for the moR [)arte yelowe. 
 Vppon his cheekes were paynted two hartes, and redde circles abowt his eyes. The heare of his headde was 
 coloured whyte, and his apparell was the fl^ynne of a beaRe fowde togyther. This beaRe (as feemed vnto them) 
 hid a large heade and great eares lyke vnto a mule, with the body of a camel and tayle of a liorfe. The feete 
 of the giant were foulded in the fkynne after the maner of flioos. He had in his hande, a bygge and fliorte 
 bowe, the Rrynge whereof was made of a fynewe of that beaRe. He had alfo a bundell of longe arrowes made of 
 reedes fethered after the maner of owrs, typte with fliarpe Rones in the Reade of iren heades. The Capitayne 
 caufed him to eate and drynke, and gaue him many thynges, and amonge other a greate lookynge glafle : In 
 the which as foone as he fowe his owne likcneffe, was fuddeynely afrayde and Rarted backe with fuch violence 
 that he ouerthrewe two that Roode neareR a!)owte hym. When the Capitayne had thus gyuen hym certeyne 
 haukes belles and other great belles, with alfo a lookynge glaffe, a combe, and a payre of beades of glaffe, he 
 fente hym to lande with foure of his owne men well armed. 
 
 Shortely after, they fawe an other giaunte of fumewhat greater Rature, with his bowe and arrowes in his 
 hande, As he drewe neare vnto owre menne, he layde his hande on his heade and poynted vp towarde heauen, 
 and owr men dyil the lyke. The Capitayne fente his fliyppe boate to brynge him to a lyttle Ilande beinge in 
 the hauen. This giante was verye tractable and pleafaunt. He foonge and daunfed; and in his daunfynge 
 lerte the printe of his ieete on the grownde. He remayned longe with owre men who n' ned hym lohan. Ho 
 coukle wel fpeake and playnely pronounce thefe wordes: Icfus: Ane Mtiriii, li'/iaiiitcs, euen as we doo, but with 
 a bygger vo)-ce. The capitayne gaue hym a fliert of lynnen clothe, and a coate of whyte woollen clothe : Alfo 
 a cajipe, a combe, a lookynge glafle, with dyuers fuche other thynges, and fo fente hym to his coompany. The 
 day folow)ng, he reforted ageyne to the fliyppes, and brought with hym one of thofe greate beaRes, which he 
 gaue the cai)itayne. But after that daye they neucr fawe hym more, fuppofynge hym to bee flayne of his owne 
 coompany for the conuerfation he had with owre men. 
 
 After other, xv. dayes were paRe, there came foure other giantes without any weapons, but had hydde 
 theyr bowes and arrowes in certeyne buffiics. The capitayne reteyned two of thefe whiclie were youngeR and 
 
 the lanii uf Urobilc. 
 
 Clnilmlcs. 
 Uiantcs. 
 
 Insula 
 gt'iinuarJtm. 
 
 The pole 
 
 An(t|iirlike. 
 
 r.eese. 
 
 Sea wuoluus 
 
 The. xtii. rlegrce 
 of the south piile. 
 
 Giantes 
 
 219 
 
 Thi; hygncsofthe 
 
 An cither gumte. 
 
 Fnurr o'her 
 giantes. 
 
 
 I 
 
 1 i 
 
 t 
 
TfW^ 
 
 252 
 
 77ie vyage roundc about tlic vvoyhk. 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
 1:1 
 
 
 Two (fiantes arc 
 taken by a pullicio. 
 
 The Jcuyll 
 ijutcbus. 
 
 Dcuyls appcrc to 
 the Kv:iiitc!> when 
 they dye 
 
 ratiigtmi. 
 
 220 
 
 The Rvantcs 
 feedynije. 
 
 They conspire 
 aKeynsi theyr 
 Capitaync. 
 
 Confession. 
 
 The straight of 
 Ma^cltatniK. 
 The South sea. 
 
 Ma re />acijicum. 
 
 The giantes died 
 for lieat. 
 
 CaJ'o Desuh'rato 
 
 Short nightc in the 
 nioneth of October. 
 
 Flying fyshes 
 
 The gyantes 
 langu.ige. 
 
 The gyant is 
 baptibed. 
 
 Three monctlies 
 saylyng without 
 the -syght of lande. 
 Kxtieme faincn. 
 
 befle made. He tooke them by a deceytc in this maner, that gyuyngc them knyiies, flieares, lookynpe gUiffes, 
 belles, beades of cryflall, and fuehe other tryfels, he fo fylled theyr handes that they coukle hold no more. 
 Then caufetl two payre of fliackels of iren to bee jjut on theyr lcg};es, makynf,'e fignes that he wold alfo gyiie 
 them thofe chaynes : which they lyked very wel by caufe they were made of brjght and Ihynynge metal. Anil 
 wheras they could not cary them bycaufe theyr handes were full, the other gyantes wokle haue caryed them: 
 but the Cajjitayne wokle not fuffer them. When they felte the lliakels fafle abowte theyr Kgges, they begunne 
 to doubte; but the Capitaync dyd put them in comforte and badde them (lantle flyll. In fine when they fawe 
 how they were deccaued they rored lykc bulles and cryed v[)])()n theyr greate deuyll Sdcbos to heipe them. 
 Being thus taken, they were immediatly fe])erate and put in fundry (hyppes. 'I'hey coulde neuer bynde the 
 handes of the otiier two. Yet was one of them with much difhculte ouerthrowne by nyne of ow re men, and his 
 handes bownde; but he fuddeynely loofed hym felfe and fledde, as dyd alfo the other that came with them. 
 In theyr fljing, they fliot of theyr arrowes and flewe one of owre men. 'J'hey fay that when any of them dye, 
 there appcre. x. or. xii. deuyls leajjynge and daunfynge about the bodye of the deade, and feenie to haue theyr 
 boddyes payntetl with dyuers colours. And that anionge other, there is one feene bygger then the refidue, who 
 maketh great mirth and reioyfynge. This greate deuyll they caule Sctcbos, anti caule the leffe Chclcitle. One 
 of thefe giantes which they toke, declared by fignes that he had feene deuyls with two homes aboue theyr heades, 
 w ith longe heare downe to theyr feete : And that they call furth fyre at theyr throtes both before and behyntle. 
 The Capitayne named thefe people Patagoiii. The mofl part of them weare the fl<ynnes of fuche beafles 
 wherof I haue fpoken before: And haue no houfes of continuaunce, but maketh certeyne cotages whiche they 
 couer with the fayde fkynnes, and cary them from place to place. They lyue of raw llefflie and a certeyne 
 fweete rootc whiche they caule Capar. One of thefe which they had in theyr fliippes, dyd eate at one meale a 
 bafket of byfkette, and drunke a bowle of water at a draughte. 
 
 They remayned fyue monethes in this porte of faint lulian, where certeyne of the vnder capitayncs con- 
 fjiirj'nge the death of theyr general, were hanged and quartered ; Amonge whom the treafurer Luigo of 
 Mendozza was one. Certeyne of the other confpiratours, he left in the fayd land oi PiifOi^o/ii 
 
 Dcpartyng from henfe to the. 52. degri. j toward the pole Antartike lackynge a thyrde parte, where they 
 founde a ryuer of freflhe water and gootl fyfllie. 'J'heyr fliypjies were here in great daungiour. They remayned 
 twoo monethes in this jiorte where they made newe prouifion of frefflie water, fuell, and fyfflie. Here the 
 Capitayne caufed all his men to bee confelTed. 
 
 Approchynge to the. 52. degrees, they founde the flraight nowe cauled the flraight of Magellanus, beinge in 
 fum place. C. x. [one hundred and ten] leatjues in length : and in breadth fumwhere very large and in other places 
 lyttle more then halfe a leaque in bredih. On both the fydes of this flrayght, are great and hygh mountaynes 
 couered with fnowe, bc> onde the whiche is the enteraunce into the fea of Sur. This enteraunce the Capitayne 
 named Marc Pacifimm. Here one of the fliyppes flole away priuilie and returnetl into Spaine. In this 
 was one of the giantes who dyed as foone as he felt the heate that is abowte the Etiuinoctiall lyne. 
 
 ■When the Capitayne Mai^aliaues was jjall the flraight and fawe tlie way open to the other mayne fea, he 
 was fo gladde therof that for ioy the teares fell from his eyes, and named the poynt of the lande from whenfe 
 he fyrfl fawe that fea. Capo Dcfulcrato. 
 
 Suppofing that the fliyp which (lole away had byn lode, they erected a crofTe vppon the top of a hyghe 
 hyll to directe their courfe in the flraight yf it were theyr chaunce to coome that way. They founde that in 
 this flrayght in the moneth of October the nyght was not paR foure houres longe. They found in this flrayght 
 at euery three myles, a fafe hauen and excellent water to drynke: wootlde alfo and fyfllie, and greate plentie 
 of good herbcs. They thynke that there is not a fayrer llrayght in the worlde. Here alfo they fawe certeyne 
 flyinge fyfflies. 
 
 The other giante which remayned with them in the fliyp, named brcade Capar: water, Oli: redde clothe, 
 Cherecai : red colour, Cheiche ; blacke colour, Aniel : And fpoke al his wordes in the throte. On a tynie, as 
 one made a crofle before him and kyfled it, fliewynge it vnto hym, he fuddeynely cryed Seiches, and declared 
 by fignes that if they made any more croffes, Sctchos wold enter into lis boily and make him bruft. Hut when 
 in fine he fawe no hurte coome thereof, he tooke the crofle and imb.ifed and kyfled it oftentymes, dcfyringe 
 that he myght bee a Chryflian before his death. He was therfore bajitjfed and named I'aule. 
 
 Departynge owt of this flrayght into the fea cauled Mare Paeifieum the. xxviii. ilay of Nouember in the 
 yeare. 1520. they fayled three moonethes and. xx. dayes before theyfaws any lande. And hauynge in this 
 tyme confumed all theyr byfliet and other vyttayles, they fell into fuche neceffitie that they were inforced to 
 eate the pouder that remayned therof beinge nowe full of woormes and flynkynge lyke pyffe by reafon of the 
 falte water. Theyr frefflie water was alfo putrifyed and become yelowe. They dyd eate (kynnes and pieces of 
 lether which were foulded abowt certeyne great rojies of the fliyps. But thefe (kynnes beinge made verye 
 harde by reafon of the foonne, rayne and wynde, they liunge them by a corde in the fea for the fi)ace of foure 
 
The vyagc roiiiidc about the way hie. 
 
 253 
 
 <^ 
 
 or fiue dayes to moUifie them, and fodde thcni and cate them. ISy reafon of this fanien and vnclene feedyngc, 
 fumme of theyr gummes grewe fo ouer thcyr teethe, that they dyed miferably for hunger. And by this oceafion 
 dyed. xix. men, and alfo the giante with an Inilian of the lande of Brafile other\v)fe cauled Terra de papa^alli, 
 that is, the lande of popingiayes. Befyde thefe that dyed. xxv. or. xxx. were fo fu ke that they were not able to 
 doo any feruice with theyr handes or armes for feeblenefir : So that there was in maner none without fiim 
 difeafe. In the.e three monethes and. xx. dayes, they fayled foure thoiifande leaqucs in one goulfe by the fayde 
 fea cauled Facifciim (that is) j)eaceal)le, w hiehe may well bee fo cauled forafmuch as in all this tyme hauyng no 
 fyght of any lande, they had no miffortune of wynde or any other tempefl. Durynge this tyme alfo, they 
 difcouered only two little Ilandes vnhabited, where they fawe nothing but birdes and trees, and therefore 
 named theym infortunate Ilandes, beinge one from the other abowte two hundreth lea()ues diflante. The 
 firfle of thefe Ilandes is from the E(iuinoctial toward the ])ole Antartike. xv. degrees, and the other fyue. Theyr 
 ftiilinge was in fuche forte that they failed daily betweene. 1. [fifty] Ix. [fixty] to. Ixx. [feuenty] leaques. So that 
 in fine, if god of his mercy had not gyuen them good wether, it was neceffary that in this foo greate a fea they 
 fhuld all haue dyed for hunger. Whiche neuertheleffe they efcaped foo hardely, that it may bee doubted 
 whether euer the like viage may be attemi)ted with fo good fucceffe. 
 
 They confydered in this nauigation that the pole Antartike hath no notable flarre after the forte of the 
 pole Artike. But they fawe many Aarres gathered togyther, whychc are like two clowdes one feparate a little 
 from an other, and fum what darke in the myddeft. Betweene thefe, are two flarres not very bigge, nor muche 
 fliynninge, whiche moue a litde; And thefe two arc the pole Antartike. The needell of theyr com[)affe varyed 
 fumwhat, and turned euer towarde the pole Artike. Neuertheleffe, had no fuche force as when it is in thefe 
 partes of the pole Artike. In fo muche that it was neceffarie to helpe the needle with the lode flone (com- 
 monly cauled the adamant) before they could faile therwith, bycaufe it nioued not as it doothe when it is in 
 thefe owre partes. When they were in the mydded of the goulfe, they fawe a crofie of fiue cleare flarres 
 directly toward the Wede, and of equall didance the one from the other, j^ \^ {^r 
 
 In thefe dayes they fayled be- 
 
 T/ie order of tJie Jin r res abowt tJie poie twene the Wea and south fo 
 Antariilie, fumme haue figured ^^''. '^'^\')^y-W'^^Y '° "?' 
 
 . -' . •' ° Kquinoctiall une, and were in 
 
 in this maner. longitude from the place from 
 
 whcnfe they fyrfl departed, a 
 hundreth and twentie degrees. 
 In this courfe they fayled by two 
 Ilandes of exceadynge height, 
 wherof the one named Cipaw^hu, 
 is. XX. degrees from the i>ole An- 
 tartike: And the other named 
 Snmbdit. xv. degrees. A\'hen 
 they were pafl the I'.quinoctiall 
 line, they fayled betwene the 
 Wefl and Southwefl at the ijuar- 
 ter of the \Ven. towarde the 
 SouthweR more then a hundreth 
 lca(|ues, changinge theyr fayles 
 to the quarter of the Southwell 
 vntyll they came to the. xiii. 
 degrees aboue the Equinoctial 
 towarde the jiole Artjke, intend- 
 yng as much as were ponible, to 
 approche to the cape cauled of 
 theowldewrytersC(?//4'(?/v7: The 
 whiche is not foundeasthe owlde 
 Cofmographers haue defcribed 
 it, but is towarde the north 
 abowt. xii. degrees as they after- 
 warde vnderflode. 
 
 When they had thus fayled. 
 Ixx. [feuenty] leaques of this 
 
 ^ 
 
 «,1tfttpolcamflrt«jf» »*sUt«C6trr* 
 
 Diseases of fiiincn. 
 
 221 
 
 Vnfortunate 
 Ilandes. 
 
 Whal they saylcJ 
 
 liuyly 
 
 'I'lic st.Trrci al>t)w| 
 tliu t>(iutli pule. 
 
 The neeillt; uf the 
 cuoinpase. 
 
 The lode stDiic. 
 
 22i 
 
 Tlie Ftjuinu' lial 
 line. 
 
 iti^ 
 
 The II:incle'i of 
 •^"ipaiiglui and 
 buinbUit 
 
 
 I \ 
 
254 
 
 The vyage roiiiidc about the vvorhic. 
 
 . I: 
 
 Insula Latronum 
 
 People with longe 
 liv.ire 
 
 They cnloure 
 thcyr teclhu. 
 
 The Ilande of 
 ZainoJl. 
 
 Wyne of date 
 trees. 
 
 TTie mnnielous 
 fnitc Cucus. 
 
 223 
 
 The Hand of 
 
 Zuluali. 
 
 The sea cauled 
 
 Archipelago di :>an 
 
 La2aTa 
 
 Gentries. 
 
 vyage in the. xii. degree aboue the K(|iiino(tinl, and. C.xlvi. [one hundred and forty-fix] degrees 
 of longitude (as I haue faydc) the fyxte day of Murcli they difcouered a lyttle llandc towarde the north- 
 wefle, and two other towarde the fouthwefle; Imt the one was hygher and bygger then the two other. In the 
 byggefl of thefe, the generall capitayne wolde haue refled hym felfe a whyle: but he coulde not by reafon the 
 l)eoi)lc of thefe Hands reforted continually to the fliippcs witli thcyr canoas, and Hole nowe one thynge and 
 nowe an other, in fuch forte that owr men could take no refle, and therfore demaunded of the capitayne that 
 they myght flryke thcyr fayles to l)rynge the fliyp[)es to land. But the Cajjitayne beinge prouoketl to anger, 
 wente alande with fortie .armed men, and burnte about fiftie of theyr houfes with many of thcyr Canoas: And 
 flewe alfo .abowt feuen men, and recouered a fliyppe boate whiche the Uarbarians had flolne, and fo departed 
 folowyngc his vyage. The Capitayne named thefe Hands Infiihc I.alroiiiim, that is, the J lands of theeucs. 
 When owr men liad fo wounded funime of thcym with arrowes that they were Rryken throughe bothe fydes, they 
 pulled furth the arrowes not ceafyng to marueyle at them tyll they fell downe deade : And yet coulde not the other 
 fo dcjiart, but flyll folowed the fliyppes with more then two humlreth of theyr boatcs, ai)])rochynge as nere to 
 the fliyppes as they coulde, and proferynge owre men certeyne fyfllies. As the fliyppes jiaffed with full fayle in 
 the myddefle of theyr boates, thty fawe in fum of them certeyne women lamenting and tearynge theyr heare, 
 whi..i. owre men thought they did for the death of theyr hulbandes. As farre as they could iierieaue, thefe 
 people lyue at theyr owne libertie without anye ruler or gouernour. They go naked and haue blaike beardes 
 and blacke heare on theyr heades whiche they weare longe downe to theyr waftes. They are of the fame flature 
 that we are, and well made, of coloure lyke vnto an olyue. Theyr women arc well fauored with blacke and 
 thicke heare on theyr heades reachynge to the grownde. The menne coloure theyr teeth redile and blacke, 
 which they eReeme a coomely thynge. Tiiey annoynt theyr bodies and heare with the oyle of Cocus. Theyr 
 boates are fum all blacke, fum wliyte, and fum redile, and haue fayles made of the broade leaues of date trees 
 fowd togyther. In the Reade of a rudder, they \ fe .' .erteyne brode boorde with a Raffe in the toi^pe, and 
 maye when they wyll, make the Rerne the forecaRell, or the forccaRcU the Rerne. They fayle fo fwyftely that 
 they feeme a farre of, lyke Deljjhyns fwymniynge aboue the water. •,, 
 
 The tenth day of March, in the yeare. i 5 2 i. they wente alande vppon a lyttle Ilande named 7xtmal. xxx. 
 leaques dyRant from the Ilande of theeucs. Bycaufe this Ilande was not inhabytcd, they reRed here a whyle, 
 where the capitayne caufed a pauilion to bee pytched for the ficke and crafed men, and a hogge to bee kylde. 
 
 The. xviii. day of Marche, they fawe a boate with nyne men commynge towarde them Riewyngc theim 
 felues ioyfull and reioyfyngc of theyr commynge. 'I'hey brought many prcfentes with them, and feemed to bee 
 people of much humanitie. They gaue the capitayne a great fyflie, and a great veffel of the wyne of thofe date 
 trees whiche beare the frute Cocus. They made alfo figiies that within the fpace of foure dayes, they wolde 
 bryng ryfle and dyucrs foules and beaRs as they dyd in deede. 
 
 This Cocus is a frute of certeyne date trees whereof they make brcade, wyne, oylc, and vinegcr. They 
 make wyne in this maner. They cutte a bygge braunche of the tree, ami hange tlierat a recde as bigge as a 
 mans legge, into the which droppeth a fweete licourfrom the tree lyke vnto newe whyte wine fumwhat tart, and 
 let the reede continewe there R\ in mornynge tyll euenynge, and from euenynge to momynge. The frute of 
 this tree cauled Cocus, is as bygge as the head of a man or more. The fyrRe rynde of this, is grecne and of 
 the thyckeneffe of two fyngers, hauynge in it certeyne threedcs wherof they make cordes with the which they 
 tye theyr boates. Vnder this rynde, there is a thicke fliell whiche they burne and make pouder therof and vfe 
 it as a remedie for certeyne difeafes. Vnder this fliell, is a wliyte fubRaunce lyke the carnell of a nutte being 
 a fyiiger in thickeneffe, which they cate with flcfflie and fyfflie as wee doo breade. It hath the taRe of an 
 almonde, and is vfed in the Reade of breade when it is dryed. In the .nyddeR of this carnell, is a cleare and 
 fweete water, beinge very holfome and cordiale. This water fumtynic cciigeleth and lyeth within the fliell lyke 
 an egge. When they intende to make oyle hereof, they ley it to putrifie in water, and boyle it vntyll it bee 
 lyke oyle or licjuide butter. When they intende to make vineger, they fuffer only the water to putrifie and 
 then fet it to the foonne where it becomnieth vineger lyke vnto that which is made of whyte wyne. And when 
 they mengle the carnell with the water which is in the myddeR of the frute, and Rrayne it thorowe a cloth, 
 they make a mylke therof lyke vnto goates iiiylke. Thefe date trees are lyke vnto them that beare dates, but 
 are not fo full of knottes. With the iuife of two of thefe date trees, a hole famelie of tenne perfons may bee 
 niaynteyned with wyne vfynge one. viii. dayes, and the other, other, viii. dayes: for they fliulde els bee dryed 
 and wythered. Thefe trees continue for the fpace of a hundreth yearcs. This Ilande where they founde this 
 humane and gentell people, is cauled Zuluan, and is not verye bygge. Abowt this Ilande they founde manye 
 other Ilandes, and therefore named this fea Archipelago di San Lazaro, that is, the great fea of faynte Lazarus, 
 beinge tenne degrees aboue the Equinoctiall towarde owre pole, and. C. Ixi. [one hundred and fixty-one] frome 
 the place from whenfe they departed. The people of this Ilande are Caphranita that is gentyles. They go 
 naked fauynge that they couer theyr priuie partes with a clothe made of the rynde of a certeyne tree. The 
 
The vyage rouiuie about t/te vvoflde. 
 
 255 
 
 manye 
 ^azarus, 
 
 rliicfcfl men, haiie abowte theyr heudes a fylkcn cloth of ncciUe woorke. They are grolTe and brode fet and 
 of the coloure of an oliiie. They annoynte theyr bodies with the oyle of Cmus to defend them ageynft the 
 heate of the foonne and drynefTe of the wynde. The. xxv. day of Mari he, they dei)arted from iienfe anil 
 directed theyr roiirfe betwene tlie Weftc and fouthweft, and fayled betwene foure Ilandes named Cciia/o, 
 Iluiiiaii^/uvi, Hibuffon, and Abaricfi. etc. 
 
 The. xxviii. daye of Marche, tliey came to the Ilande o{ Biithuan where they were honorably intertcyned 
 of the Kynge and the Prince his foonne who gaue theim muche golde and fpices. The rapitayne gaue the 
 kyngc a vefliire of red clothe and an other of yelowe made after the Turkyfflie faffliyon, and alfo a red cnppe. 
 And gaue likewife to other that came with hym, certeyne knyues, glaffes, and beades of criflalle : After that, 
 the capitayne had fliewed the Kynge the fecreates of his fjiippe and futhe marchaundies as he had therin, he 
 caiifed a piece of ordinaunce fiiddenly to bee fliote of, whereat the kyng was greately amafed vntil the capitayne 
 comforted hym. Then the Capitaine commaunded one of his men to be armed from the heade to the foote, 
 and caiifed three other to flrike hym with theyr fwoordes, whereat the Kyngc maruayled greately, and fayde to 
 th[e]intirpretoure (who was a (lauc borne in Malacha) that one of thofe armed men was able to encounter 
 with a hundreth of his men. But he maruayled muche more when the capitaine toulil hym by th[e]interi)re- 
 toure howe he founde the (Iraight by the compaffe and lode flone, and howc many dayes they were without 
 fight of any lande. Then atkynge licence to departe, the cajiitayne fente two of his men with him, of the 
 whiche Antonie I'igafetta was one. When the kynge fawe Anionic I'igafetta write the names of many thingcs, 
 and aflerwarde rehearfe them ageyne, he maruayled yet more, makynge fygnes that fuche men defcended from 
 heauen. The Kynge brought them firflc to his pallaice where he intertcyned them honorably and gaue them 
 manye gyftes, as dyd alfo the Prince in his pallaice beynge in an other Ilande named Cafei^/tan. 
 
 As they fyfted a ceiteyne myne of earthe in the Kynges Ilande, they founde pieces of golde, fum as biggc 
 as nuttes and other as bigge as egges. All the kynges vefielles were of golde, and his houfe well furnyflhed. 
 In all the hole nation there was no man of coomlier perfonage then the kinge. He had his heare long downe 
 to his fliulders, and very blake, with a vaile of filke rowled abowte his head, and two greate ringes of golde 
 hanginge at his eares. He had abowte hys myddle, a clothe wroughte of cotton and filke impaled wyth golde, 
 and reacheinge downe to his knees. On his one fyde, he had a long dager with a hafte of golde, and the 
 fliethe of a fayre kynde of earned woodde. He had on eucry finger, three ringes of golde, and had his bodie 
 annoynted with oyle of Rorax and Beniamin. The natural coloure of his face was Hke vnto the coloure of an 
 oliue: And all his bodye byfyde paynted with diuers colours. The kynges name was Raia Colambu, and the 
 Prince was cauled Raia Siagu. 
 
 The lade day of Marche neare vnto Eafter, the capitaine caufed his preefle to fay mafie, and fente to the 
 kinge by th[e]interpretoure, that his commyng a lande at that tynie was not to tlyne with hym, but only to heare 
 niaffe. The Capitayne came alande with fyftie of his men in theyr befl apparel withowte weapons or harnelTe, 
 and all the rcfydut. well armed. Before the boatcs came to lande, he caufed fixe pieces of ordinaunce to be 
 fliotte of in token of jieace, and fo came aland, where the two kinges embrafed hym, and accompanyed hym 
 to the place appoynted for maffe to be fayde not farre frome the fea fyde. Sumwhat before the beginnynge of 
 maffc, the Capitayui, fprinkeled the Kynges with damafke water. When the preefle was at mid maffe at the 
 offitorie, the kings profered them felues to go to kylTe the crofie with the capytayne, but offered nothynge. At 
 the tyme of facringe when the preefle lifted vppe the bodie of Chrifl, and the Chriftians kneeled downe and 
 helde vppe their handes ioyned togilher, the kynges dyd the like alfo wyth greate reuerence. In the meane 
 tyme, whyle certeyne of the Chriflians were at the communion, a handegunne was (hotte of to fignifie vnto theym 
 that were in the fliyi)pes, to difcharge all theyr ordinaunce. \Vhen maffe was fynyflhcd, the Capitaine caufed 
 certeyne of his men to put on theyr harneffe and to make a combat with theyr naked fwoordes, wherat the 
 kynges tooke great pleafiire. This doone, the Capitaine caufed a croffe to be brought furth, with nayles anrl a 
 crowne of thomes, gyuynge commaundement to all his men to gyue reuerence therunto, anil fignifyinge to the 
 kynges by th[e]interpretour that that banner was gyuen hym by Th[e]emperoure his lorde and mafler, with 
 commaundement to leaue the fame in al places where he came to the great commoditie and profite of all fuch 
 as wolde reuerendly receaue it as an affured token of frendfliip: And that he wold therfore leaue it there afwel 
 to accomplyflie his lords commaundement, as alfo that if at any tyme any fliyppes of Chriftians (liulde chaunce 
 to coome that way, fliulde by feing that croffe perceaue that owre men had byn well enterteyned there, and 
 wolde therfore not onely abfteyne from doing them any hurte or difpleafure, but alfo helpe to ayde them 
 ageynfte theyr enemies. And that therfore it fliulde bee requifite to erecte that croffe vppon the toppe of the 
 hyghefte mountayne that myght bee feene from the fea on euery fyde. Alfo to pray vnto it reuerently. And 
 that in fo doinge, they fliulde not bee hurte with thunder, lyghtnynge, or tempeftes. When the kynges harde 
 thefe woordes, they gaue the Capitayne great thankes, promyfinge gladly to obferue and fulfyll all fuche thynges 
 as he required. Then the Capitayne demaunded whether they were Moores or gentyles. They anfwered that 
 
 Foiire lUnds 
 
 The Ilan.l uf 
 Dulhuuk 
 
 The Hind of 
 Catcghtin. 
 
 Plentic of golde 
 
 224 
 
 The kynRC of 
 Uuthuan. 
 
 Ma»eb 
 
 A combatte. 
 The Crovse .iiul 
 crowne of tlionicb 
 
 y\\ 
 
 
 Monrcfi und 
 
256 
 
 The vyage youndc about t/ic war hie. 
 
 !,l, 
 
 '|i; 
 
 \\-- 
 
 
 1^1.1^ 
 
 lis. 'i 
 
 II' 'f 
 
 M.iny Il.uuls 
 
 The Hand uf 
 Mu-sbaii-i. 
 
 Kowlcs with 
 hnriics. 
 
 225 
 
 F.UKCs hatched in 
 
 Thell.iiulcof 
 Zubiit. 
 
 The Vyngc of 
 ZuliUL 
 
 A ^hyp laden witli 
 fiiild and slaucs 
 
 Cahriit. 
 !ilal,ic/ui. 
 
 thoy liail none oiIkt kyndo of religion, Imt that lyftyn^c v|)[)c' tlioyr liandcs ioym-d togytlicr and tlu-yr faces 
 toward heaucn, tln.7 ( aiilid v|i|ion tlicyr god Al'lhi, whiche anfwere lyked the Capitaync very well, bycaufe the 
 gentyles are fooner perfiiaded to owre fayth then tlie Moores. etc. 
 
 Departynge from henfe, they came to the Ihmdes of /.li/oii, /.iihttth, Mefftina, and Ca/di^hiiii, by the 
 conducte of certeyne jiylottes of tlie (;iyde kynges. Of tliefe, /.iihilh is the belle, and hath the trade of beflc 
 trali(|ue. In the Ilande of Mijfami, they founde dogges, cattes, hogges, hennes, goates, ryfe, ginger, Cociis, 
 mylle, panyke, barlye, fygges, oranges, waxe, and golde in greate ([iiantitie, This Ilande is aboiie tlie K(|uinoctiall 
 towarde owre pole. ix. degrees twoo thyrde partes; and. 162. degrees frome the [)lace frome whenfe they 
 departed. They reniayned in this Hand for the fpate of. viii. dayes, and then directed theyr vyage towarde 
 the norlhwert, and i)alTed betwene thefe fyue Ilandes, /.ci/on, Jiohol, Cani;/iii, Jhitbai, and Catii^lian. In this 
 Ilande of Ciilii^/uiii, are certeyne great battes as bygge as Kagles, of the which they toke one. They arc 
 good to bee eaten, and of talle niuche lyke a henne. There are alfo flocke dooiies, turtle dooues, poping- 
 iayes, and certeyne foules as bygge as hennes. Thefe foules haue lyttle homes, and lay great egges, 
 which they coiicr a cubet depthe in the fande, by the heate whereof and vertue of the foonnc, they are hatched, 
 and the yoimge byrdes cree[)e owte of the fanile by them fehies. From the Ilande oi Afiffami to Catii^hanxia. 
 XX. lea(|iies faylynge towarde the Well. And bycaufe the kynge of Meffana coulde not folowe the niy|ii)es, they 
 t.iryeil for him about the Ilandes of Polo, Tkobon, and Pozo' , wliere the Capitaync tookc hym into his fliippe 
 with certeyne of his principall men, and fo folowed theyr vyage towarde the Ilande of Zubiil, whiche is abowte 
 fiftie leafjues dillante from Cati}^/taii. 
 
 The. vii. day of Apryll abowte noone, they entered into the portc of Zubiit: And paffynge by many 
 vyllages and h.diitacions in trees, they came to the citie, where the Cai)itayne gaue commaundement to the 
 maryners to Rryke theyr foyles and to fet them felues in order in maner of battayle ray, caufing all the ordi- 
 naunce to bee fliotle of, wherewith all the people were put in greate feare. After this, the Capitaync fent an 
 ambafllxdoure with th[e]interpretoure to the kynge of Ziibut. When they approched nere to the citie, they 
 founde the kyng with a great company of men fore aflonyflied at the noyfe of the gunnes. I5ut th[e]interpre- 
 tour aduertifed them that it was the cuflome of owre men in al fuche places where they coome, to difchargc 
 iiieyr ordinaunce in token of frendelliyppe and to honour the lorde of the citie. With which woordes the kyng 
 and his coompany were well quieted. After this, th[e]interpretour declared that his mailer was the Cajjitayne 
 of the fliips of the greatefl Prince in the worlde, and that they wente to difcouer the Ilandes of Molucca; And 
 further, that hearyng of his good name and fame by the reporte of the kyng of Meffana, they determyned to 
 vifite hym and to haue vyttayles for exchaunge of theyr niarchaundies. The kynge anfwered that he was well 
 contented therwith, and that they were hartely welcoome. NeuerthelefTe, that it was a cuflome in that place, 
 that all fuch fliyppes as entered into that hauen, fluild pay tribute: And that there were not many dayes parte, 
 fence a lliyi)pe laden with golde and llaues dyd fo paye. In token wherof, he caufeil to coome before hym 
 certeyne marchauntes of that coomi)any whiche yet remayned with hym. To this th[e]interpretour anfwered, 
 that furafnuich as his lorde was the Capitaync of fo myghtie a Prince, he neuer payde tribute to any kynge in 
 the worlde, and wolde not nowe begynne. Wyllynge hym to take this for a refolute anfwere, that if he wolde 
 accei)te the peace that was jirofered hym, he fhulile enioy it. And if he rather ilefyred warre, he flioulde haue 
 his handes full. When th[e]interpretour had fayde thefe woordes, one of the fayde marchauntes (who was a 
 Moore) fpake to the kynge in this maner. C.\T.\CAIA Chita: that is. Take hede fyr. For thefe men arc 
 they that haue contjuered Calicut, Malaca, and all the greater Inilia: and are of fuche poure that yf yowe 
 intrcate them otherwyfe then well, yowe may to late knowe what they are able to doo more then they haue 
 doone at Calicut and Malaca. When th[e]interpretoure harde thefe woordes, he fayde that the kynge his 
 lorde was of much greater [juiffaunce and more dominions, and lorde of more fliyppes then was the kynge of 
 Portugale ; declarynge further that he was kyn^ ,' of Siiayne and Enii irour of all Chrillendome Addyngc 
 
 olde hereafter fende thyther fuche a poure of armed men as 
 
 all thefe woordes with the kynge, who fayde that he wolde 
 
 ni a full anfwere the daye folowynge. In the nieane tyme 
 
 I all thefe thynges were declared to the kynge of Meffana 
 
 and lorde of many Ilandes, he wente alanile and repayred 
 
 • great humanitie and curtefie of the gencrall Capitaync. 
 
 :n with th[e]interi)retour to the kynge of Ziibut to knowe 
 
 !iem. As they wente towarde the courte, they mette the 
 
 many of his chiefe men. He caufed owr men to fit downe 
 
 by him, and deniaunded of them if there were any more then one Capitaync in theyr coompanie : And whether 
 
 it were theyr reipicflc that he fliulde pay tribute to Th[e]emperour. They anfwered that they defyrcd none 
 
 other thyngc but that they myght exercife marchaimdies with them, and to barter ware for ware. The kynge 
 
 356 
 
 hereunto that yf he wolde not bee his frende, he 
 fliulde dedroy his contrey. The Moore conferr; 
 further deliberate with his counfayle, and gyue t 
 he fentc theym certeyne vyttayles and wyne. A\' 
 who was the chiefefl there abowt nexte vnto hyn 
 to the kynge of Ziibiit anil declared vnto hym 
 Shortely after, the Capitaync fentc certeyne of his 
 his pleafure and what aunfwere he wolde make 
 kynge commyng in the flrcetc accompanied with 
 
 m 
 
ii 
 
 The vyagc nruihic about the vvorldc. 
 
 257 
 
 made anfwcr^' that ho was well content thcrwith; wyllyngo the C.ipitnyno in token of frcndlhipiio to fcndc him 
 a little of the bliul of his ryght arnic, alfirniynj; lluit he wuld do the lyke. etc. 
 
 After this the kynge of Meffana with the kynge of Ziibiit his neuie (who was tho prince) and certeyne other 
 of his gentylnien, came to the fliyi)pes and brought the Capitayne many goodly iirefentcs. They entered into 
 grcate amitie, and had large coniniiinicatioii of many tiiynges. 'I'hc Capitayne ijerfiaded them to the 
 Chrillian fayth, which tliey gladly einhrafed, and tooke fiiche pleafurc in hearynge the articles of owre beliefe, 
 that the teares fell from theyr eyes for ioye. They were baptifed, and fliortely after all the peoiile of the 
 llande. They efteeme nothyng more precious then drynkyng glalies of Venice woorke. 
 
 When they came to the citie, they founde the kyng in his pallaice fittynge vpiion a floiire or lluorie made 
 of the leaues of date trees wrought after a curious diuifo lyke a c ;teyne kynde of mattes. He had vppon his 
 body, none other a])parcll but only a cloth of bombafme cotton hangyng before his priuie partes. On his 
 heade, he had a vayle of needle worke; and abowte his necke a chaine of greate jirice. At his eares, hunge 
 two rynges ofgolde wherein were inclofed many precious flones. He was but of hiiaulc llature, but fumewhat 
 grode, and had the refidue of his body jiaynted with dyuers coloures wherof fum were lyke vnto flamynge fyre. 
 Uefore hym, he had two veffelles made of the fine earth caulcd JWa/Atna, with foilden egges. Alfo four 
 velTels of Porailaiia full of wyne made of tlate trees, and coucred with many odoriferors herbes. The prince 
 brought them to his houfe, where he had foure iloughters verye well fauoured and whyte lyke owres. He 
 caufed them to daunce all naked, and tberwith to fynge, and play on certeyne tymbrelles made of metall. 
 
 At this tyinc it fo chaunced that on, of the Spanyardes dyed in one of the niyi)i)es. And when certeyne 
 of theyr coompanye defyred the kynge to gyue them leaue to burie hym on the land, he anfwered that foraf- 
 much as he and all his, were at the commaundement of theyr kynge and mailer, how much more ought the 
 grounde fo to be. 
 
 They greatly marueyled at the cerimonics perteynyng to the niancr of owre funeralles, and honoured the 
 croffes wiv'-he were fet at bothe th[e]endes [of] the graue. 
 
 They lyuc with iuflice, and vfe waightes and meafures. Theyr houfes are made of Timber and fawne 
 boordes : and are fo buylded aboue the grownde vppon proppes and pyles, that they afcende to the fame by 
 certeyne flayers. Vnder theyr houfes, they kcei)e theyr hoggcs and hcnnes. 
 
 When they came to barterynge, they gaue golde, ryfle, hogges, hcnnes, and dyuers other thyngcs for fume 
 of owre tryfels of fmaule value. They gaue tenne Pcfos of golde for. xvi. poundes weyght of iren. One pif us 
 is in value a ducate and a halfe. The funday folowynge, the kynge was bai)tyfed with great folenmitie. At 
 which tyme, the Capitayne admonyflhed him before not to bee afrayile at the fliootyng of of the ordinaunce, 
 bycaufe it was theyr cuflome fo to doo at fuch folemne feaftcs. After this, the Capitayne caufed theym to 
 breake all theyr Idoles, and to fet vppe the crofi'o in dyuers places, prayinge to the fame bothe mornynge and 
 euenynge kneelynge on theyr knees and holdynge vp theyr handes ioyned togytiier. The kiuge in hisbaptifme, 
 was named Charles after the Emperours name, and the Prince, Ferilinando after the name of his maieflics 
 brother. The kynge of Meffana was named lohn, and the Moore Chrilloiiher. To all other they gaue fuch 
 names ;.s are commonly vfed in Chrillendome. And thus beefore malTe was bcgunne, were fiue hundreth men 
 baptifed. ^Vhen mafle was fynyflhed, the Capitayne inuitetl the kynge to dyne with 'mhi in his lliyppe, and at 
 his commynge, caufed the oniinaunce to bee difcharged. 
 
 The queene was alfo baptifed with fortie of her gentlewomen, and her doughter the Princes wife. The 
 queene was very younge and fayre, hauyngc her body couered with a white cloth. Her lypi)es were reiide, 
 anil file had on her head a hat, on the toppe wherof was a triple crowne much lyke the popes This crowne 
 and the hat, were made of the leues of dates trees. 
 
 Within the f|)ace of. viii. dayes, th[e]inhabitauntes of the llande were baptifed exceptc one vyllage of 
 Idolaters who wolde not herein obey the kynges commaundement. Wher\'])pon the Capitayne font certeyne 
 of his menne thyther, who burnt the towne and erected a croffe in that i)lace bycaufe the i)eople of the vyllage 
 were gentyles (that is) Idolaters. But if they had byn Moores (that is Machumelilles) they wold haue erected 
 a pyller of flone, bycaufe the Moores are more (loobenie and harder to bee conuerted then are the gentyles. 
 
 ^V■hen the iiueene came to the place where fliee fliuld heare maffe, fliee came furth with great pompe and 
 folenmitie, hcuynj,.; goinge before her three younge damofellcs and three men with theyr cap[)es in theyr handes, 
 whom fliee folowed apparelled in whyte and blacke, with a great vayle of fylke vppon her heade fringed abowte 
 with golde, whiche couered her hatte and hunge downe to her llioulders. Sliee hail alfo a great traync of 
 women folowynge her, beinge all barefooted and naked, excepte that vppon theyr lieades and priuie partes, they 
 wore certeyne vayles of filke, and hadde theyr heare fpredde. 
 
 Before the kynge of Ziibiit was baptifed, he was named Raia Humabuon. When the Capitayne demaunded 
 of hym why all the Idoles in the llande were not burnt accordynge to his promeffe, he anfwered that they 
 elleemed them no more as goddes, but only made facrifice to theym for the Princes brother who was very fycke, 
 
 Kden. .\ Jj7 
 
 Shiriilyn,{ of 
 uf rri:iiiUh>|i}Hi 
 
 226 
 
 'I'hu kyncu uf 
 Zubul is DaptiMH.* 
 
 The kynfte of 
 
 Well r.n 
 woincii. 
 
 ■ureJ 
 
 B;(rterynge 
 I'csus what. 
 
 Tlicy lirc.ikc thcyi 
 Iiluk's niui crcclc 
 the cruMC 
 
 Kyiic hiitnlrcih 
 men bajitismi. 
 
 The quccnc of 
 Zubut. 
 
 227 
 
 Tht qu-cnc.> 
 apparcIL 
 
 1 * 
 
 ■i 
 
LJmi. 'IJ.J 1-LU.J JJJii'JEUgHM 
 
 ^^TW^^^W 
 
 258 
 
 T/ie vyagc roitnde about the vvoylde. 
 
 ^ ■ I 
 
 A miracle. 
 
 The Ilr.nd of 
 Matiian. 
 
 The capitaine 
 Magellmub is 
 slavne. 
 
 The Hand of 
 
 lloliol. 
 
 'i'hcy burntcone C'f 
 
 thcyr shyppes. 
 
 Blacke men. 
 
 I'hc Hand of 
 L'hippiL 
 
 The Il.uulof 
 Caghaian. 
 
 The Hand of 
 Fulauaii. 
 
 228 
 
 T'he Hand o( 
 Uurne' ur Pornc. 
 
 A great citic. 
 Eiephaiitcs 
 
 The Hand of 
 Cinibulon. 
 
 I.caues of trrcs 
 whieti seenie to 
 hue. 
 
 and as noble and wyttie a man as was in the Ilande. The Capitayne anfwered that if he wolde burne al his 
 Idoles and beleuc foythfiilly in Chrill, and bee baptifcd, he fliulde be immcdiatly reftorcd to health, and that he 
 wolde els gyue them leaue to flryke of his heado. By thefe woordes and perfiuifions of the Ca))itayne, he 
 conceaued fiich hope of health, that after he was baptifed he felt no more greefe of his difeafe. And this was a 
 manifeft myracle wrought in owre tynie wherby dyuers infidels were conuerted to owr fayth, and theyr Idoles 
 dedroyed, and alfo tlieyr altares ouenJ-.rowen on the whichc they were accuflomed to eate the facrifyced flefflie. 
 The people of the Ilande pay the kynge a portion of vittayles for theyr tribute by all thcyr cities and vyllages. 
 
 Not farre from this Ilande oi Zubut, is the Hand oi Miit/uvi, whofe inhabitauntes vfe maruelous cerimoiiies 
 in thcyr facrifices to the foonne and burying the deade. They were rynges of golde abowt theyr priuie members. 
 The Ilande is gouerned by two Princes wherof the one is named Zii/a, and the other Cilapuhipii. And wheras 
 this Cihipiilapu refufed to pay tribute to the kynge of Spayne, the Capitayne went ageynft hym in his owne 
 perfon with. Ix. of his nenne armed with coatcs of mayle and helmettes. Cilapulapu diuided his army into 
 three battayles, hauynge in euery battaile two thoufand and fiftie men armed with bowes, arrowes, dartes and 
 iauclins hardened at the poyntes with fyer. This continued longe and fliarpe. But the Capitayne beinge a 
 valient man and prefynge hym felte in the brunte of the battayle, was fore wounded and ilayne, forafmuch as 
 the mode of the Barbarians directed all theyr force ageynft hym. Befyde the Capitayne, were flayne of owre 
 men abowt. viii. or. i.\. Of the Barbarians, were. xv. ila)ne and many fore woundeel. After the death of the 
 Capitayne, they chofe two other in his place, of the which one was Odoardo Barbeffa a Portugale, and the other 
 lohn Serrano who was fliortely after betrayde by tli[e]interprctour and taken prifoner with dyuers other. 
 
 Certeyne dayes before the Ca[)itaynes death, they haiUle knowleage of the Ilandes of Molucca whiche they 
 chiefcly fought. Departynge therfore from the Ilande of Mathan, they fayled farre and came to the cape of an 
 other Hand named Bolwl. In the myddeft of this majne fea (whiche they named Archipda^iis) they confulted 
 to burne the fliyppe named Conception, bycaufe they were nowe fewe in number, and to furnyflie the other two 
 Hiyppes with th[e]artillerie therof Thus directynge theyr courfe towarde Southeweft, they came to an other 
 Ilande named rauiloglwn, where the)- founde blacke men lyke vnto the Sarafins. Shortly after, they arriued at 
 an other great Hand, whofe kyng named Raia Calauar, intreated them very frendely in all thynges as dyd the 
 kyng of Alefiana. This Ilande is ryche in golde, and iiatli plentie of rylVe, gynger, hoggcs, goates, hennes, and 
 dyuers other thynges. It is named Chippit, and is. viii. degrees aboue the luiiiinoctiall line towarde owr pole: 
 And in longitude from the place from whenfe they firfl. departed. 170. degrees: And abowt. 50. leaques from 
 /.iibut. 
 
 Departinge frome henre they came to an other iiand named Caghaian being. 40. leaques from Chippit as 
 they faylt^d bctwene tiie wefte and Southe wefte. 'I'his Ilande is very greate, and in maner vnhabited. The 
 people are moores, and were banylTlhcd owt of the Ilande oi JJitrnci whiche fum caule J\»iu\ 
 
 Frome this Ilande aboute. xxv. leaques betwene the weft and northewefte, they founde a maruelous frute- 
 full Ilande named J'u/aoan, beinge towaiae owr pole aboue the Equinoctiall. ix. degrees and a tliirde parte; And 
 C.lxxix. [one hundred and feventy-nine] degrees and a third parte in longitude frome the place of theyr departing. 
 
 Frome this Ilande. x. leaques towaale the South wefte, they fawe an other Ilande whiche feemed to them 
 fumiymes to niounte as they fayled by the coaftes tlierof As they were entcringe into llie porte, there arofe a 
 boyftious and darke temjiefte which ceafed as foone as the fiers of the three fayntes (wherof we haue fpoken 
 before) appeared vjjpon the cabells. Frome the beginningc of this Ilande to the porte, are fyue leaques. This 
 Ilande is greate and riche: and tlie chiefe citie therof conteyneth. xxv. tlioufande houfes. Tlie kynge interleyned 
 owre men very frendlye, and fent them byfy<le many other prefentes, two elephantes trajiped with filke to bring 
 them to his pallaicc that brought the prefentes which the Capytaynes fent hym. lie Iiath a magnyfycalle 
 courte and a greate garde. Alio a multitude of concubyues. He is a moore, and is named Raia Siripadn. 
 He is a kynge of greate poure, and hath vnder hym many other kynges, Ilandes, and cities. This Ilande of 
 Biinici is aboue the Equinoctiall towarde owre pole f)ue degrees and a quarter. And in longitude frome tiie 
 place of theyr departyng. C. Ixxvi. [one hundred and feventy-fi.x] degrees antl two thirde partes. 
 
 Departinge frome Btiniii, they came to an Ilande cauled Cimbitbon, beinge. viii. degrees aboue the 
 Equinoctiall ijne Here they rcmayned. xl. days to calke thejr (liyppes and uunyfihe them with frefflie water 
 and fuell whiche was to them great payne and trauayle becaufe they were in maner all bare footed, 'hcyr fliooes 
 and in maner theyr other ap|)aroll being worne by reafon of the longe vyage. In the wooddes of this Ilande, 
 they founde a tree whofe leaues as foone as they faule on tiie grounde, doo fturre and remoue frome place to 
 l)!ace as though they were alyue. They are muche lyke the leaues of a mulbery tree; And haue on euery fyde 
 as it were two fliort and blunt fiete. Wlien they are cut or broken, there is no bludde feenc conic furth of 
 them, Yet when any of tneni are touclieil, diey fuddeynely moue and ftarte away. Anionic Pigafetta kepte 
 one of tiiem in a platter for the fjiacc of viii. dayes. And euer when ht touched it, it ranne rounde abowt the 
 platter. He fuppofeth that they Hue only by aver. 
 
 
The vyage roitndc about the vvor/de 
 
 259 
 
 urne al his 
 nd that he 
 )itayne, he 
 1 this was a 
 leyr Idoles 
 ced flefflie. 
 I vyllages. 
 cerimoiiies 
 e members. 
 \nd wheras 
 n his owne 
 s army into 
 dartes and 
 ne beinge a 
 Drafmuch as 
 yne of owre 
 jeath of the 
 id the other 
 ther. 
 
 whiche they 
 ^ cape of an 
 cy confulted 
 le other two 
 : to an other 
 :y arriued at 
 s as dyd the 
 henncs, and 
 Je owr pole : 
 leaques from 
 
 n Chippit as 
 .bited. The 
 
 iielous frutc- 
 parte: And 
 r departing, 
 led to them 
 there arofe a 
 haue fpoken 
 Liques. This 
 ; interteyned 
 filke to bring 
 magnyfycalle 
 :aia Siripadn. 
 his Ilande of 
 de frome the 
 
 es aboue the 
 iVefflie water 
 , 'heyr fliooes 
 this Ilande, 
 Miie place to 
 311 eucry fyde 
 conic furth of 
 igafetta kepte 
 ide abowt the 
 
 
 
 Departynge from henfe, they directed theyr courfe by the Wefle quarter towarde the Soiitlieafle, to fynde 
 tlie Ilandes of Molucca, and faylcd not farre from certeyne mountaynes where they founde the fea full of great 
 weedes and herbes. 
 
 From henfe, they came to the Ilandes of Z'/i; and Taghima, in the which are foumle perles of exccadyng 
 biggenefle. 
 
 Folowyng theyr courfe toward the north Ead, tliey came to a great citie named Maih^dando, lyinge aboue 
 the Ilandes of Buthuan and Calaghaii, where they tooke a canoa of certeyne of th[e]inhabitaunts : by wlionic 
 being informed of the Ilandes of Afolucca, they lefte theyr courfe towarde the north Eafte, and folowed the 
 South eafle nere vnto a cape of the Hand oi But/iiian, they were aduertifeil for eertcntie that on the bankes of 
 a certeyne ryuer, there dwelte men ouergrowen with heare, and of high flature. 
 
 Folowyng flill theyr courfe by the fouth eafle, and paflyng b)- many fmaule Ilandes, they came to the 
 Ilandes o{ Afolucca the fyxte daye of Noucmber antl the. xxvii. monethe after theyr departure owt of Spaync. 
 Beinge therfore ioyfuU and gyuyng thankes vnto god, they difcharged all theyr ordynaunce. In the coafle of 
 all thefc Ilandes, euen vnto the Ilandes of Molucca, foundyng with theyr plummet, they founde tlie deai)the of 
 the fea to bee no lefle then a hundreth and two yardes, ivhich is contrary to the faying of the Portugales wh'~ 
 affyrme that no fliyppe ain paffe that way without great daungioure by rcafon of tiie Ihalownes and rockes or 
 flielues: and for the darkenefle whii.h the clowdes caufe in the heauen. All which ihyngs they fayned to 
 th[e]intent that none other fliulde haue knowclcage of the) r vyagies. 
 
 The. viii. day of Nouember in the yeare. 1521. before the ryfrnge of thi; foonnc, they entered into the 
 porta of the Ilande of Tidon; being one of the chiefe Ilandes of Molucca, where they were honorably inter- 
 teyned of the kynge who declared that he had longe before feene a fygne in heauen that certeyne Hiyiiiies 
 fliuld comme from a farre contrey to the Ilandes of Molucca: And that wheras for the better certificat therof 
 lie cor.iydered the Rations of the moone, he iliwe therin the commyng of owre fliyppes, and that we were the 
 men whome he feemed to fee in the fame. Whenipon he profereil hym felfe to enter into leaque of frend- 
 fliyppe with the kynge of Spayne, and to accepte owre men as his brotherne and ch)ldren : wjUjng them to 
 come alande as into theyr owne houfes. Alfo that for theyr commyng, that Ilande fliulde no more bee cauletl 
 Udore, but Caflile for the greate loue whiche he bore to theyr kynge w'lom he reputed as his lorde and mafler. 
 This kynge is a Moore, and is named Raia Sultan Mauzor. 
 
 The Ilandes of Molucca are fine in number, and are thus named: Tarenate, Tidorc, Miilir, Mau/iian, and 
 Biuchian. Of thefe, Tarenate is the chiefeft. 
 
 Directly agcynfle the Ilande of Tidore, there is an other great Ilande named Gi/0/0, inhabited of Moores 
 and Gentyles. The Moores haue two kynges, of the w.ich one hath fy.ve iiundreth chyldi.'n, and the other 
 fixe hundreth and fiftie. The Gentyles kepe not fo many women as doo the Moores nor yet lyue -n fuche 
 fuperftitions. They praye to the fyrfle thynge that they nieete in the mornyngo when they go furt. jf tlieyr 
 houfes, and honoure that as theyr god for that day. The kynge of the gentyles is very rjclie in golde. In 
 the fayde Ilande of Gi/olo, are reedes as bygge as a mans legge, anil full of cleare water holfome to bee drunke. 
 
 The. xii. daye of Nouember, the kynge of Tidore a])poynted owre men a ware houfe in the citie where 
 they might fell theyr marchauudies. Theyr nianer of exchange was in this fort. For tenne yardes of good 
 redde cloth, tb.ey had one Bahar of cloues, wliiche amounteth to foure Cantari and fyxe pounde weight: 
 An i one Cantar is a hundreth pounde weight. For. xv. yardes of cloth fumwhat woorfe then the other, they 
 receaued in (Tambie, one Bahar. For. xxxv. dr)'nkynge cuppes of glaffe, they had one Bahar. For. xvii. 
 Cathyls of quicke fyluer, one Bahar. They came dayly to the fliyppes with many of theyr barkes full of goates, 
 hennes, fvgges of a fp.iv.ne longe, alfo the frute cauled Corns, with dyuers other kyndes of vyttayles in fuch 
 qu.r.iiitic that 11 .Vas a marucylous thynge to beholde. They furnyflhed alfo theyr lhy[)pcs with liefllie water 
 which is hotte as it ifflieweth owt of the fprynge, but is very coulde when it hath (loode a while in an other 
 place. It fpryngeth fiom the mountaynes on the which the cloue trees growe. They fawe a cloude ryfe in 
 maner dayly, wliii;h coiniiafelh about the Hiyde mountaynes. 
 
 The kynge of the Ilande of Baahiaii, feme the kynge of Spayne two deade bjrdcs of Rraunge forme. 
 They were of the byggenes of turtle dooues, with lyttle heades ami longe bylles : alfo longe and fmaule legges 
 and .10 wynges, but in the deade therof certeyne longe fethers of diners colours, and tayles lyke turtle dooues. 
 All the other fethers are of one coloure much lyke vnto tawny, except tliofe of the w) nges. They llye not but 
 when the wynde blowelh. Thefe Moores are of opinion that thefe byrdes coninie from the hcaueiily e Paradyfe, 
 and therfore caule them Manuccodiata, that is the byrdes of god. 
 
 When they were determyned to depart from the Ilandes of Molucca, certeyne kynges of the Ilandes 
 accompanied tliein with theyr canoa.s, and conducted them to an Ilande cauled Man where they refrefdicd 
 theyr fliyppes with freflie water and fuell. The kyngi's fcnt Tli[e]eiiiperours maieftie many prefeiites: and 
 cmbrafynge owrpmenne, departed with the teares in tlieyr eyes: And owre men for theyr lade farewell, fliotte 
 
 A sea full of 
 ' weeiliTi. 
 
 Pcries. 
 
 Men ouergrowen 
 with heare. 
 
 Thell.in.lescf 
 Mulii,,.i 
 
 Tlic l'..rlni;;ilis 
 ,are reproneil. 
 
 Tidore one of llie 
 
 llamlcsc.r 
 
 Molucca. 
 
 A vision in the 
 pl.iiicttes 
 
 229 
 
 The fvue Ibndes 
 of inolucci. 
 Tixrtnate. 
 
 The Hand of 
 a Mo. 
 Moorus nnd 
 gciuyles. 
 
 Golde. 
 
 Water in rccdc^ 
 
 Theyr tiinncr uf 
 liiirtciiiige. 
 
 W.itcrori 
 stniuiiijc qu.diiie 
 
 Ilyrrl-n of 1 
 straunge krine 
 
 J 'J 
 
 ! 
 
26o 
 
 The vyage roiuide about the war hie. 
 
 \--^ 
 
 \'f ' 
 
 They leaiie one of 
 iheyr shyppes 
 behynd them. 
 
 The Ilandes of 
 Molucca. 
 Hony of flyes. 
 
 Popingiayes 
 
 The Hand of 
 
 Tidure. 
 
 Tetenaie. 
 
 Mutir. 
 
 Macchiati. 
 
 230 
 
 Bacckiiiii. 
 Many Hands 
 
 Tl.c IlanJ of 
 
 MaMux 
 
 Pepper. 
 
 I.yttle men with 
 longc cares. 
 
 The Hand of 
 Timor. 
 
 Whyte Sander', 
 and ginger. 
 
 The deuyll 
 ap|M.'arelh. 
 Saynt loh his 
 disease. 
 
 Cinamome 
 The Ilandes of 
 Giaua. 
 Jifttlat'i/iii, 
 
 The i^reate goulfe 
 of China. 
 
 The cape of 
 Malaccha. 
 
 The names of 
 many regions. 
 
 Reuharbe. 
 
 The greate kynge 
 of China. 
 
 of all theyr ordinaunce. When in the Ilande of Afare, they jierceaued that one of theyi- fliyppes leaked and 
 toke water very fore: wherby they were inforccd to tary there three dayes. But fcinge that they coulde fynde 
 no remcdie for the fame but in longe tynie, they determined to leaue it, gyuyngc order that if afterwarde it 
 coulde bee repayred, they fliuid returne into Spayne as well as they coulde. 
 
 In all the Ilandes of Molucca is founde cloucs, ginger, breade of the roote of Sagu, ryfe, goates, fheepe, 
 hennes, fjgges, almondes, fweete pomegranates and fowre, oranges, lemondes, and hony which is made of 
 certeyne flyes lefle then antes: Alfo canes of fuger, oyle of Cocus, mellons, gourdes, and a marueilous coulde 
 frute whieli they name Camulicai and dyuers other frutes. Furthermore whyte and redde popingiayes, and 
 other of variable coloures. It is not parte fiftie yeares fence the moores fyrfle inhabited anye of thefe Hands, 
 which were before inhabited only with gentyles. 
 
 'I'he Ilande of Tidore, is aboue the Equinoctiall line towarde owre pole, abowt. 27. minutes; And in 
 longitude from the place from whenfe they departed. 171. degrees. And from the AnhiJ)c/agiis m the which 
 is the Hand of /J/wii'/ which our men named the Hand of theeues. ix. degrees and a halfe, and runneth to the 
 quarter of foutli fouthwefl, and north northeafl. Tcraiate, is vnder the Equinoctial line foure minutes vnder 
 the pole Antartike. Mutir, is directly vnder the Equinoctiall line. Macchian is. xv. minutes toward the pole 
 Antartike, and Bacchian one degree, Thefe Ilandes are lyke foure fliarpe mountaynes, except Macchian which 
 is not fliarpe. The bygged of all thefe, is Bacchian. 
 
 Departynge from the Hand of Mare and directyng their courfe towarde the fouthwefl, with onely. xlvi. rnen 
 in theyr fliyjipe and. xiii. Indians, they paffed by the Ilamles of Chacouan, Lagoma, Sico, Gioghi, Caphi, ."julacho, 
 Luniatola, Tenetum, Biiru, Ambon, liuilia, Cclaruri, Benaia, Ambalao, Bandan, Zorobua, Zolot, Ncceuamor, 
 Galian, and Mallua, with dyuers other Ilandes both great and fmaule, of Moores, Gentyles, and Canibales. 
 Owre men remayned xv. dayes in the Ilande of Mallua to repayre theyr fliyppe in certeyne places where it 
 tooke water. All the fieldes of this Ilande is full of longe and rounde pepper, and is fituate towarde the pole 
 Antartike vnder the Equinoctiall line. viii. degrees and a halfe, and is in the longitude of 169. degrees and. 40. 
 minutes. 
 
 Tl.e pilote which owre men brought owt of the Ilandes of Molucca, toulde them that not farre from thenfe, 
 was an Hand named Arucetto in the which are men and women not part, a cubite in height, hauynge eares of 
 fuch byggeneffe that tliey lye vppon one and couer them with the other. But owr men wolde not fayle thyther, 
 bothe bycaufe the wynde and courfe of the fea was ageynfte theym, and alfo for that they gaue no credite to his 
 reporte. 
 
 The. XXV. day of lanuary in the yeare. 1522. they departed from Mallua, and the day folowyng, arryued at 
 a grcate Hand named Timor, bcinge fiue leacjues diftante from Mallua betwcne the fouth and fouthwefl. In 
 this Ilande is founde the woodde of whyte fanders and ginger, and dyuers kindes of frutes. Alfo fundry kyndes 
 of beaftes, and plentie of vyttayle and golde. They of the Ilandes of Giaua, Molucca, and Lozon, refort to this 
 Ilande for fanders. Th[e]inhabitauntes are gentyles. They fay that when they go to cut the woodde of faunders, 
 the deuyll appearetli to them in dyuers formes and aflceth theym what they haue neede of: And that after this 
 vifion, many of them are longe ficke. In al the Ilandes of this Archipelagus, rayneth the difeafe of faynt lob 
 (whiche wee caule the frenche poxe) more then in any other place in the worlde. 
 
 Earre from this Ilande belwcne the wefl and northwert, tliey came to an Ilande named Eude, in the whiche 
 growetlie great plentie of Sinamome. In this tracte are founde manye Ilandes lying in order as it were one 
 directly behynde an other, euen vnto the Ilande of the greater Giaua, named Giaua maior, and vnto the cape 
 o{ Malaccha, beinge in Eafl, India. Giaua the leffe, is as bygge as the Ilande oi Madera, and is but halfe a 
 leaque diflante from Giaua maior. Here thcj- were informed that aboue Giaua maior toward the north, is a 
 great goulfe cauled the goulfe of China, in the which are trees of exceadyng byggeneffe, inhabyted with foules 
 of futhe greatcnes that they cary great bcafles in the aye.-. The frutes of thefe trees are as bygge as ciicummers. 
 
 The cape of Malaccha is one degree and a halfe abou" the Ecjuinoctiall line towarde the pole Artike. On 
 the Eafl fide of this cape, runneth a very longe coafle in the which are many regions and cities wherof fum are 
 cauled by thefe names, Cini,'a/>orla which is the cajie. Alfo Palian, Calantan, Patani, Braalin, Bcniu, Longoii, 
 and Odia whcrin is the citie in the which dwelleth the kynge of Sian named Zacabedera. Theyr cities are 
 builded as owres are, and fubiecte to the kynge oi Sian. After the realme of Sian, are the regions oi lamgoma 
 and Campaa where Reubarbe groweth, of the which are dyuers opinions, fume fuppofynge it to bee a roote, and 
 other a putrifyed tree, aflirmyng that yf it were not putritied, it fliulde not haue lo great a fauour. They caule 
 it Calama. Next vnto this, is found the great China, whofe kyng is thought to bee the greatefl. prince in the 
 worlde, and is named Santoa Raia. Furthermore, al that is written hereafter of this kyng and thefe regions, 
 they lerned by th[e]information of a Moore that was in the Ilande of Timor. He aftirmed that the fayde kynge 
 hathe threefcore and tenne crowned kynges vnder his emjjyre. and hathe a porte in the fea named Canthan : 
 And two prin(ii)al cities named Natichin and Connulaha where he rcmayncth hym felfe, and hath euer foure of 
 
1 
 
 The vyage roiinde about the vvoyhic. 
 
 261 
 
 his chiefe princes lying abowt his pallaice on euery fyde, towanle the Eaftc, Wede, Northe, and South giuinge 
 dylygente attendaiince what is doone in euerye of theyr quarters. All the prynces of the greater India (caulcd 
 India Maior,) and of that wherof I haue fpoken before, are obedient to this kynge. And in token that they 
 are trewe fubiectes, they keepe in theyr pallaices which are in the middeft of theyr cities, the befte cauled Liiir., 
 being fa}Ter then a lyon. And is the great kynges fignette, whiche all fuche as intende to go to China, beare 
 with them fealed in waxe or on a piece of luerye for theyr fafe conducte, withowt the which they may not enter 
 into the hauen. 
 
 When any of his kyngs rebell or are difobedient, he caufcth them to be llene, and falted and dryed at the 
 foone; Then to bee (luffed with chaffe, and fette vppe on fum hygh thyng in the myddeft of the chiefe flrcate 
 of the citie where al the people may fee it. He neuer fuffcreth his owne perfon to bee openly feene to any 
 man. But when his noble men of the courte are defyrous to fee hym, he commeth downe fronie hys pallaice 
 into a ryche paujlyon accompanyed with fyxe of hys principall concubynes appareyled with lyke veRures as is 
 he h) m felfe. All thys way he is not fccne by reafon of the pauylyon. When he hath paffed through the 
 pauylyon, he entereth into a ferpent named Nagha, being the mod marueylous and ryche woorke of the worlde, 
 and placed in the greated courte of the pallaice. Wiien the kynge entereth into this with the woinen, to 
 th[e]intent that he may not be knowen among them, he caufeth the fayd noble men only to lookc in at a 
 glaffe which is in the brede of the ferpente, where they fee the kynge amonge the women, but can not dicerne 
 which is he. He ioyneth in niariagc with hys fydor th.at the blud royall bee not myxt with any other. His 
 pallaice is enuironed with feuen large walles, the one being f;irre djdante from the other. And hath in euery 
 fuch circuite tenne thowUmde men for the garryfon of h)s pallaice, wlio haue tlieyr waytinge dayes appoynted 
 them courfe by courfe with frefllie men in theyr places, and thus keepe theyr watch continually botli daye and 
 nyght. In thi,';- pallaice are Ixxix. haules, in the which is an infinite number of women that feruc the kynge 
 hauyng euer lyght torches in theyr handes for the greater magn)f)cence. He that wolde fee all the pallaice, 
 diuldc fpend a hole day therin. Amonge other, there are foure principal haules where fumi^ nes the kynge 
 gyueth audience to hys noble men. Of thefe, one is couered both aboue and beiieth with nictall, an other all 
 ouer with fyluer, the thyrde with gold, and the fourth with pearles and precious dones. Thefe people of China, 
 are whyte menne, appareled as we are, and eate theyr meate on tables as wee doo. They haue the croffe in 
 fum edimation, but knowe not the caufe whye. Reyonde the coade of China, are dyuers other nations and 
 people as Chcnchii where pearles and cynamon are founde. Alfo the j)eople named Lichii, where reyneth the 
 great kynge of Mien, hauyng vnder hym. xxii. kynges, and is fiibiecte to the kyng of China. Here is alfo 
 founde the great citie of CATHAY in the Ead, and dyuers other nations in the fayd firme lanil, of the 
 which fum are brutyfflie and bediall which vfe to kyll and eate theyr parentes when they are owld, thinking 
 therby that they diall reuyue in them. All thefe people are gentyles. 
 
 The. xi. day of February in the yeare. 1522. they departed from the Hand of Timor and were ingulfed by 
 chance in the great fea cauled Lan/chiM, and tooke tiieyr courfe betwene the wede and fouth wede, leauynge 
 the northe coades on theyr ryght hanil, fearyng lead if they duild fayle toward the firm land, they myght bee 
 feene of the portiigales who are of great jjower in Malaccha : and therfore dyrected theyr coiirs withowt the 
 Hand oi Sumaira cauled in owld tyme Taprobana: Leauyng alfo on theyr ryght hand vpon tlie fyrm land, the 
 prouinces and regions of Pegu, Bengala, Calicut, Cammcr, Goa, Camhaia, liie goulfe of the llandc of Ormus, 
 and all the coades of the greater India. And more fafely to i)alTe the cape of Jhiona S/c-ranza being aboue 
 Affrike, they fayled about, xlii. degrees toward the pole Antartike, and remayned feuen weekes abowte that 
 cape with many fetches compaflyng the wynd with theyr fayles contynually alofte, becaufe they had a wed and 
 north wede wynd in the proos of theyr fliyppe which wolde not fufi'er them to pade. Tiie cape of Buona 
 6/f/-(7«srt, is toward the pole Antartik beneth the Ecjuinocliall line, xxxiiii, degrees and a li.ilfe: and. ifioo. 
 leaques from the cape of Malauha: And is the greatede and mode daungycrous <'ape tliat is founde at thys 
 day in al the worlde. 
 
 When they had by thefe perels ouerpaded thys cape, certeyne of them afwell for lacke of vytayles as alfo 
 by reafon of fyckeneffe, were mynded to fayle to a hauen of the Portugales named Afcwza/n/'it/ur iihoiic Affr)ke. 
 But the other anfwered that they wold rather dye then go to any other place then directly to Si)ayne. They 
 folowed theyr courfe therfore faylynge towarde the Southwed two monethes continually without touchynge at 
 any porte: In whiche tyme there dyed abowte. xxi. of theyr coompany, whom they cad into the fea. And 
 fuerly if god of his infinite niercie had not preferued the refidue in tyme, they hadde all dyed of famen. 
 
 In fine, beinge inforced of neceditie, and halfe of theyr comi)anye doade, they fayled to one of the 
 Handes of Ca/>o verde cauled Infnla Sanfli lacobi, that is, faynte lames Ilande, parteyning to the kyng of 
 Portugalc. Where, as foone as they arryued, they fent certeyne alande in the diipiJe boate for vyttayles, 
 declar)'nge to the Portugales with all loue and fauour what neceflitie they were dryuen to and what miferies 
 and trauayles they had fudeyned, informynge thetn further of theyr marueylous viage and furhe thynges as they 
 
 X 2 M, 
 
 The greater Intli.T 
 
 231 
 
 The beafit cautcd 
 linx. 
 
 The puiiishcmcnt 
 of rchcllcs. 
 
 The Icynge is net 
 sct-Mie but at a 
 rI.issc. 
 
 A tliviifi of Strang*, 
 work man shyppe. 
 
 The JtyiiKe 
 inaryeilt hissystci 
 His pallaice. 
 A niarucilous 
 ganlc. 
 
 Women seme the 
 kynge. 
 
 Foure maruelnus 
 hautcs 
 
 The peor'e nf 
 Chin.i. 
 The Cro >c. 
 
 The groate kyng 
 of mien 
 CATIIAV. 
 
 The sea nf 
 LantchiUiil. 
 
 Mii/itcc/itt. 
 
 The Ilanil uf 
 Sunietra. 
 
 Cal.cut. 
 
 Cftnonor. 
 
 Ctttnfiitin. 
 Ormus. 
 Fast India. 
 
 SpcrtXHZii. 
 
 The port of 
 Mt)nzanibii;ue. 
 
 232 
 
 Ci/f Verdi. 
 S. Iamc!i llandc. 
 
 !' 1 
 
 r 
 
 \i 
 
 V. 
 
 ■i 
 
w 
 
 262 
 
 T/ie vyngc roiuide about the vvorldc. 
 
 );.;' 
 
 ■' M 
 
 The incratiftluile 
 of the rorluRalcs. 
 
 The port of saynt 
 Liicar Here vnto 
 biuvle. 
 
 \VIjal became of 
 the other shyppe. 
 
 Daritna 
 
 The cape of 
 
 Cattigara. 
 Ptoloiiie. 
 
 The vyage hardly 
 performed. 
 
 They bye slaues 
 fur lackc of heipe 
 
 Maryners woorthy 
 ininiortal fame. 
 
 Argonaut i. 
 
 The viage of lason 
 
 10 wyn the golden 
 
 lU'ese. 
 
 The shyppe more 
 
 woorthy fame thi-n 
 
 owlde Argo of 
 
 Grecia. 
 
 The vyage 
 
 haiWe feene in both the Eafl and Weft India, with fuch other gentel woordes wherby they obteyned certeyne 
 mearures of rife. But when afterwarde. xiii. of theym returned for more ryfe, they were deteyned: Where- 
 u])pon the refte whichc remayned in the fliippe, fcarynge the lyke cliaunce, departed with full fayles, and the. 
 vii. day of September with the helpe of god entered into the hauen of San Lucar nere vnto Siuile, wliere 
 difchargynge all theyr oidinaunce for ioy, they wente immediatly to the greate churche in theyr fiiertes and 
 barefooted with a torche before them to gyue thankes to almyghtie god who had brought them fafe to theyr 
 owne countrey, and reftored them to theyr wyues and chyldren. 
 
 As touchynge th[e]ende of this viage, Tranfiluanus wryteth fumwhat more largely 
 as foloweth. 
 
 The other fliyppe which they lefte behynde them to bee repayred, returned afterwarde by the Archipclagus 
 aforefayde and by <he great fea to the coaftes of the firme of the weft India, and arryued at a region of the 
 fame being ageynft Dariaia, where the South fea of Siir is feparate but by a lyttle fpace of lande from the 
 Wefte Ocean in the wliich are the Ilandes of Ilifpaiiiohi and Cuba, and other llandes of the S])anyardes. The 
 other fliypjie which returned mto Spayne by compafing abowt the whole bowle of the worlde by the coaftes of 
 Eaft India and AfTrike, departynge from the Hand of TUoir, and faylynge euer on this fyde the lyiuinoctiall, 
 dyd not fynde the cape of Calth^^ara beingc aboue Afia, and (by the defcrii)tion of Ptolome) rechynge many 
 degrees beyonde the Ecjuinoctial. But hau)ngc fayled many dayes by the mayne fea, they came to the cape 
 oi Biioiia S/oa/isa and frome thcnfe to the Ilandes of Ca/o trn/i; where their ffiyppe beinge foore broofcd by 
 reafon of the longe viage, leaked and tooke water, in fuche force that the mariners being nowe but fewe in 
 number, and thofe alfo weake and feeble by reafon of longe fickeneffe and hunger, were not able both to drye 
 the poompe ccntinually and othei wyfe gouerne the flii|)pe : and were therfore of neceffitie inforced to goo 
 alande at the Ilande of faynte lames to bye theym certeyne flaues to helpe theim. But beinge dcftitute of 
 mony, according to the cuftome of the mariners, they profered them clones for theyr flaues. The which 
 thyng whei-, it came to the eares of the I'ortugale that was Capitayne of that Ilande, he caft. xiii. of them in 
 prifon. Wlierby the refidue that remayned in the fliippe (beinge nowe but. xviii. in number) were put in fuch 
 feare that they departed immediatly without rei'ciiing theyr felowes, antl fayled continually both by daye and 
 by nyght by the coaftes of AflVike, and came in fine to Spayne the. vi. day of September in the yeare. 1522. 
 and arryued at the porte nere vnto Siuile the. xvi. moneth after they departed from the Ilande of Tidore. 
 Mariners doubtleffe more woorthy to bee celebrate with eternal memoric then tliey whiclie in owlde tyme were 
 cauled Argonattli that fayled with lafon to win the golden fleefe in the region of Cholchis and the riuur of 
 PJiafis in the greate fea of Poiiiiis. And the fliyppe it felfe, more woorthye to bee placed amonge the ftarres 
 then that owlde Argo which departynge owt of Grecia, fayled to th[e]ende of that great fea. For this owre 
 marueylous fliyppe, takynge her vyage from the ftraightes of Gibilterra and faylynge by the greate Ocean 
 towarde the South and pole Antartike, and turnynge from ilienfe to the Wefte, folowed that courfe fo farre that 
 paftynge vnder the great circumference uf the worlde, fliee cime into the Eafte, and frome thenfe ageyne into 
 the Wefte, not by retumynge backewarde, but ftyll faylynge forwarde, fo compafynge abowt the baule of the 
 world vnder the hole circumference of heauen vntyll fliee were myraculoufly reftored to her natiue region of 
 Spayne and houfe of Siuile. 
 
 1.^ 
 
w 
 
 \The prices of pyccioiis Jloncs and fpiccs^ 
 
 263 
 
 C OF THE PRICES OF PRECIOVS STONES AND SPICES, 
 
 WITH THEYR WEIGHTES AND MEASVRES 
 
 as they arc accuftonied to bee foulcle bothe of the 
 
 Moores and the gentyles: And of the 
 
 places where they grovve. 
 
 ^^ gi^Orafmuch as in dyuers places of this hiflorie, men- 
 tion is made of precious (tones, I haue thought 
 good to declare fumewhat afwell of theyr prices 
 as of the places of theyr generation, that wee may 
 not vtterly bee ignorant of the thinges which we 
 fo grately efteeme and bye fo deare. 
 
 OftheKiibic. 
 
 He Rubies growo in India : and are founde 
 for the mod parte in a ryuer named Pegu. 
 Thefe are of the bcfte kind and finede, 
 whiche they of the lande of Malabor caule 
 Nunpuclo, and are well foulde if they bee 
 fayre and clcane without fpottes. The 
 Indians to knowe theyr fineneffe, put them 
 vppon theyr toonges, coumptynge that to bee bed that is couldell and mod harde. And to fee theyr fineneffe, 
 they take them vp with a piece of waxe by the fliarpetl poynt : and lookynge ageynd the lyght, efpie in theim 
 euery fniaule fpot or flake. They are alfo founde in certeyne diepe folTes or pittes which are made in moun- 
 taynes that are beyonde the faid ryuer. They are fcoured and made cleane in the countrey of Pegu. Yet can 
 they not fquare and polyflie them. But for this purpofe fende them to dyuers other contreys, and efpecially to 
 Paleacate, Narfinga, Calicut, and the region of Malabar, where are many cunnynge Lapidaries. 
 
 .\nd to g)ue yow inlclligence of tlie value of thefe dones, ye fliall vndcrdande that this woorde Fanan, 
 fignifiethe a weight fumwhat more then two of owre carattes: And. xi. I'anans and a ([uarter, is one Mitigal: 
 And. vi. Mitigales and a halfe, make one vnce. This Fanan, is alfo a kynde of money which is in value, one 
 ryale of fyluer. And therefore ader this accompte I fay that 
 
 Eight fine rubies of the weyght of one 
 Fanan (which are in all, abowt two 
 carattes) arc in value. Fanan 
 
 Foure Rubies that wey one fanan, ;ire 
 
 worth Fanan 
 
 Two that wey one fanan Fanan 
 
 XX. 
 
 xl. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 1. 
 
 Ixv. 
 C. 
 
 One thatweyth three ([uarters of one fanan Fanan 
 One that weyth one (;inan Fanan 
 
 One that weyth one fanan and a cjuarter. Fanan 
 One that weyth one fanan and a halfe Fanan 
 One that we)th one fanan and three 
 
 quarters Fanan C 1. 
 
 One that weyth two fanans. Fanan CC. 
 
 One that weyth two fanans and a quarler Fanan CCl. 
 One that weyth two fanans and a halfe Fanan. ccc. 
 
 And thefe are commonly the prices of perfecte Rubies. But fuche as are not perfecte, and haue any 
 fpottes in them, or are not of good coloure, are of leflfe prife accordynge to the arbitriment and edimation 
 of the byer. 
 
 One that we) th two fiiuans and 
 
 thre quarters Fanan cccl. 
 
 Of three fanans Fanan cecc. 
 
 Of three and a quarter Fanan D. 
 
 Of three and a halfe Fanan D 1. 
 
 Of three and three quarters Fanan D c. 
 
 Of three and three (juarters and a halfe Fanan D cxxx. 
 
 Of foure fanans Fanan D clx. 
 
 Of foure and a quarter Fanan D cc. 
 
 Of foure and a halfe Fanan D cccc. 
 
 Of fyue fanans Fanan M. 
 
 Of fyue and a halfe Fanan M cc. 
 
 Of fyxe fanans, which are about, xii. 
 
 carattes. Fanan M D. which make. 
 
 1 50. crownes of golde. 
 
 233 
 
 One c.irattc is iiii 
 graincs 
 
 (•Which is one 
 "(crown of guide 
 
 \ 
 
 \i 
 
 tl \ 
 
 m 
 
264 
 
 The py ices of pyccious Jloiies and f pices. 
 
 U " ■ ('• 
 
 m^h 
 
 \A 
 
 tf 
 
 Mi 
 
 234 
 
 •Wlii. Ii r.rc iii 
 
 cruvvliijcioffii 
 
 ii. ) 
 
 ulllcj- 
 
 C Of the Rubies ivJiich groioe in the Ihiude of Zcilam. 
 
 M the Ilande of Zcilam, bcinge in the fecomle In(ha, are foiinde many Rubies which tlie 
 Indians name Manicas, the greatell jiarte whcrof do not arriiie to the ]ierfeclion of the 
 other aforefayde in coloure, bycaufe they are redde as though they were wafflied, and 
 of a flefliyc colour. Yet are they very coulde and harde. The perfectefle of theym 
 are greatly efleenied amonge the per ile of the Ilande, and referued only for the kynge 
 liym felfe if they bee of any great tjUantitie. When his icwelers fyndc any bygge piece 
 of this rocke of the befte kynde, they put it in fyer for the fpace of ccrtc)nc houres. Which 
 if it coonime owt of the fyer vncorrupte, it becommeth of the coloure of a burnynge cole, and was therfore 
 cauled of the Grcekes, Anthrax, which fignifieth a burnyng cole. The fame that the Greekes caule Anthrax, 
 the Latines caule Carbuiiculus. Thefe tliey greatly efleeme. When the kyng of Narfinga can get any of theym, 
 he caufeth a fine hole to bee boored in the vndermoll part of them to the myddefl: And fuffereth none of 
 them to jjaffe owt of his realme: efpecially if they haue byn tryed by the fiiyde profe, Thefe are of greater 
 value then the other of Pegu, if they bee in theyr naturall perfection and cleaneneffe. 
 
 Of thefe, one that weith a 
 
 carratte 
 
 
 
 Of fixe carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 F'anan 
 
 Dlx. 
 
 (whiche is halfe a fanan) is 
 
 woorthe 
 
 
 
 Of feuen carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Dcxxx. 
 
 in Calecut. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 •xxx. 
 
 Of feuen carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Dclx. 
 
 One of two carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Ixv. 
 
 One of. viii. carattes that hath 
 
 bvnne 
 
 
 
 Of three carattes. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 cl. 
 
 wel proued in the fier, is woorthe 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Dccc. 
 
 Of three carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 cc. 
 
 Of. viiii. carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Dcccc. 
 
 Of foure carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 ccc. 
 
 One fuch of tenne carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Mccc. 
 
 Of foure carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 cccl. 
 
 One of. X. carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 MDc 
 
 Of fyue carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 cccc. 
 
 Of. xii. carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 MM 
 
 Of fyue carattes and a halfe 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 ccccl. 
 
 Of xiiii. carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 MMM 
 
 Of fyxe carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Dxxx. 
 
 Of. xvi. carattes 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 6000. 
 
 C Of the kynde of Rubies can led Spinelle. 
 
 Here is alfo founde an other kynde of Rubies which wee caule Spinelle and the Indians, 
 Caropus. They growe in the felfe fame countrey of Pegu where as are the fine Rubies : 
 And are found in the niountaynes in the vpper crufl or floure of the earth. Thefe are not 
 fo fine nor of fo good colour as are the trewe Rubies : But haue fumwhat the colour of a 
 granale which we commonly caule a garnet. Yet of thefe fuche as are parfecte in theyr 
 coloure, are of value halfe lelTe then trewe Rubies. 
 
 € Of the Rubies cauled Balaffi. 
 
 \\:\.{(\, are of the kyndes of Rubies, but are not fo harde. Theyr colour is fumwhat lyke a rofe, 
 and fum are in maner whyte. They growe in Halaffia, whiche is a region within the firme 
 lande aboue Pegu and Eengala: And are browght from thenfe by marchauntes of the 
 Moores to Calecut where they are urought and pol) filled : And are fould of the fame price 
 that are Spinelle. 
 
 C Of the Diamundes of the oiuldc niyne. 
 
 Ilefe Diamundes are founde in the fyrfle India in a kyngdome of the Moores named Decan, 
 from whenfe they are brought to other regions. There are alfo founde other Diamundes 
 whiche are not fo good, but fimiewhat whyte, and are cauled Diamundes of the newe niyne 
 which is in the kyngedome of Narfinga. They of the owlde myne, are not polyflied in 
 India, but in other places. There are made lykewyfe in India, other falfe Diamundes of 
 Rubies, Topafes, and whyte Saphires, whiche appere to bee fine: and are alfo founde in 
 the Ilande of Zeilam. Thefe flones difi'er in none other, fauynge that they haue lofle theyr 
 
 164 
 
>-lK1<Ml»^ 
 
 The prices of precious Jlones and f pices. 
 
 265 
 
 I Dccc 
 I Dcccc. 
 I M ccc. 
 
 MDc 
 I MM 
 , MMM 
 
 6000. 
 
 naturall colour. Of thefe, fumme are founde that haue halfe the coloure of Rubies, and other of S.iphires: 
 other alfo of the coloure of a Touafe. Other haue all thefe coloures mengled togyther. They bore a fine hole 
 in thefe throughe the myddefl, wherby they appere lyke the eyes of a catte. Of the why Left, they make many 
 fmaule dianiundes whiche can not bee knowen from the trewe, fauynge by touchinge of fuch as are flvylfull in 
 that practife. They arc foulde by a poyfe or weight which they caule Mangiar, which wayeth two Tarre, and 
 two thyrdes, which amount to two thyrdes or thirde partes of one caratte. For foure Tarres, wey one fanan 
 whiche is abowt two caraltes. 
 
 Viii. Diamundes that wey one mangiar 
 
 (which is two third partes of a caratte) 
 
 are in value. Fanan xxx. 
 
 which are three crownes of golde. 
 235 vi. Diamundes that wey one mangiar 
 Foure that wey one mangiar 
 Two that wey one mangiar 
 One that weith one mangiar 
 One of one mangiar and a quarter 
 One of one mangiar and a halfe 
 Of one mangiar and three quarters 
 Of two mangiars 
 
 Fanan 
 
 xl. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Ix. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Ixxx. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 C. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 clxv. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 clxxx. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 ccxx. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 cecxx. 
 
 Of two mangiars and a ([uarter Fanan ccclx. 
 
 Of two mangiars and a halfe Fanan ccclxxx 
 Of two mangiars and three (juarters 
 
 ful perfect Fanan 420 
 
 Of three mangiars of lyke perfection Fanan ccccl. 
 
 Of three mangiars and a halfe Fanan cccclxxx. 
 
 Of foure mangiars Fanan Dl. 
 
 ( )f fyue mangiars Fanan Dccl. 
 
 ( )f fyxe mangiars Fanan Dccc. 
 
 Of feuen mangiars, Fanan Mcc. 
 
 Of eyght mangiars Fanan Mcccc. 
 
 And thus they proceade, increafynge the price as they increafe in weight. 
 
 €1 Of SapJiires. 
 
 N the Ilande of Zeilam are founde the befle and mode trewe Saphires, beinge very harde and 
 fine, and of the coloure of azure. They are of price as foloweth. 
 One that weith one caratte is of \aUie Fanan ii. which are abowt two marcels of fyluer. 
 
 Of fyxe carattes 
 Of feuen carattes 
 Of eyght carattes 
 Of nine carattes 
 Of tenne carattes 
 Of xi. carattes 
 Of xii. carattes 
 
 One of the we'ght of two carattes 
 Of three carat'.es 
 (Of foure carattes 
 Of fyue carattes 
 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 
 V. 
 
 x. 
 
 XV. 
 
 xviii. 
 
 Of xiiii. carattes 
 
 Of XV. carattes 
 
 Of xvi. carattes 
 
 Of. xviii. carattes 
 
 One that weith a mitigal, which is. vi. 
 
 fanans and a quarter that is abowt 
 
 xxiii. carattes 
 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 
 Clx. 
 
 Clxxx. 
 
 CC. 
 
 CCl. 
 
 Fanan CCCl. 
 
 Thefe 
 
 Fanan xxviii. 
 
 Fanan xxx v. 
 
 Fanan 1. 
 
 Fanan Ixv. 
 
 Fanan 1. 
 
 F"anan Ixv. 
 
 Fanan Ixxv. 
 Of xiii. carattes in all perfection of coloure Fanan C.w. 
 
 Lykewyfe in the Ilande of Zeilam, is founde an other forte of Saphires which they caule Qiiinige/iiiam. 
 are not fo Rronge, of darker colour and of much lefle value then are the other of the beR kynde, wherof one is 
 woorth. xiii. of thefe of cquall poife. Alfo in the k ngedome of Narfinga, in a mountayne aboue Bacanor and 
 Mangalor, is founde an other fort of .Saphires more tender and of woorfe colour, whiche they caule Cingano- 
 1am. Thefe are funiwhat whyte and of fmaule value: So that the mofl perfect of this kynde, weyinge. .\.\. 
 carattes, is not woorth one ducate. TIk-jt colour is inclynynge fumwhat to yelowe. There is lykewyfe found 
 an other kynde of Saphires vppon the fea coaRes of the kyngedome of Calicut, in a place named Capucar. 
 Thefe the Indians caule Caralmtonilam. They are of a darke afure coloure not Ihynynge but in the cleare 
 ayer. They are alfo tender and brickie, and of fmaule eftimation amonge the Indians. They feeme on the 
 one fyde lyke glaflc. 
 
 C Of Topafies. 
 
 He natural Topafies, growe in the Ilande of Zeilam, and are named of the Indians Funcragua. 
 It is a harde and fine Rone: and of equall eRimation with the Rubie and the Saphire, 
 bycaufe all thefe three are of one kynd. The perfecte colour of this, is yelowe lyke \nto 
 fine beaten golde. And if it bee perfect and cleane, whether it bee greate or lyttle, it is 
 woorth in Calicut as much fine gold as it weyeth. But if it bee not perfect, it is woorth the 
 weight of gold the fanan, which is lefle by the halfe. And if it bee in nianer whyte, it is 
 woorth much lefle. And of thefe, are fmaule diamundes counterfecte. 
 
 A niarccll, Is .1 
 sylucr coine nf 
 Venice, of xi. 
 vnccs. ill, d. with 
 fine, wherof ten 
 make an vnlcjc 
 
 I 
 
 % 
 
 U 
 
 
 t 
 
 
' 
 
 266 
 
 The prices of precious Jlones and f pices. 
 
 C Of Turqitcffcs. 
 
 n 
 
 V- 
 
 i 
 
 I', •■ 
 
 |!.l< ' ,. 
 
 ! ■■ 
 I hi 
 
 M 
 
 i() 
 
 Vrqueflcs are founde in Excr a place of Siech Ifmael. Theyr mine is a drj-e earth that is 
 
 236 ! R^m Bc^afl founde vpon a black ftone, which the Moores take of in fniaule pieces, and carye them to 
 
 the Hand of Ornuis, from whcnfe they are brought to dyuers partes of the worlde by fea 
 
 and by lande. The Indians caule them Pcrofe. They are foft ftones, of fmaule weight and 
 
 not much coulde. And to knowe that they are good andtrewe, in the day they fliall appere 
 
 of the verye colour of the TurquelTe : and in the nyght by the lyght, they fliall appere 
 
 greene. They that are not fo perfect, do not fo change their colour to the fight. If thefe 
 
 Hones bee cleanc and of fine colour, they haue vndemeth in the bottome, a blacke ftone, vppon the which 
 
 they growe. And if any lyttle vayne ryfe vppon the fayde (lone, it flialbe the better. And to knowe more 
 
 certeynely that they are trewe Turqueffes, thc)- put on the toppes of them a lyttle ijuicke lime tempered with 
 
 water afttr the maner of an oyntment. So that if the quicke lime appere coloured, they are iudged perfecte, 
 
 and are of value as foloweth. 
 
 One that weith one caratte, is worth in Of viii. carattes Fanan CC. 
 
 Malabar. Fanan. xv. Of x. carattes Fanan CCC. 
 
 One of two carattes Fanan xl. Of xii. carattes Fanan CCCCl. 
 
 Of foure carattes Fanan xc. Of. xiiii. carattes Fanan Dl. 
 
 Of. vi. carattes Fanan CI. 
 
 Of greater then thefe they make none accompte bycaufe they are lyghler pieces and of greater circuite. 'i'heO> 
 of the byggeil forte the Moores carie into the kyngedouie oi" Guzerath. 
 
 C Of lacintlics. 
 
 Acinthes growe in the Ilande of Zcilam. They are tender floncs and yelowe. They are bed 
 that are of diepefle colour. The greatefl j)art of tlicfe, haue in them certeinc pimples or 
 burbuls, whiche diminiflie theyr fayreneffe. And they that are in theyr perfection clcane 
 from this deformitie, are neuertheleiTe of fmaule value. For in Calicut where they are 
 polyfflied, they that wey one fanan are woorth no more then halfe a fanan. And they of. 
 xviii. fanans, are not worth. xvi. fanans. 
 
 There are alfo founde other flones lyke vnto cattes eyes, as Chrifolites, and Amcthiflcs, 
 whiche they doo not niuche efteeme bycaufe they are of fmaule value, as alfo the flones cauled Giagouze. 
 
 C Of Smaragdes or Enieraldes. 
 
 JMaragdcs growe in the countrey of Babilon, where the Indians caule the fea Dieguau. They 
 
 grow alfo in other partes of India. They are flones of fayre greene colour, and are lyght and 
 
 tender. Of thefe flones, many are conterfecte. But lookyng on them curioufly towarde the 
 
 lyght, the conterfectes fhewe certeyne burbuls, as dooth glaffe. But in the trewe, there is no 
 
 fuch feene. But rather there appeareth to the eye a certeyne verdour fhynynge lyke the 
 
 beames of the foonne. And beinge rubbed vppon the touche flone, they leaue the coloure 
 
 of copper. And the Smaragde of this forte is the befl and mofl trewe: And is in valu? in 
 
 Calicut, as muche as a diamunde and fumwhat more : And this not by weyght, but by greateneiTe, bycaufe the 
 
 diamunde quantitie for quantitie, is of greater weyght then the Smaragde. Ther is lykewyfe founde an other 
 
 kynde of Smaragdes, whiche are greene flones, but not fo much eileemed. Neuertheleffe, the Indians referue 
 
 thefe to fet them foorth with other precious flones. They leaue not any greene coloure vppon the touche. 
 
 tM 
 
r 
 
 The prices of precious /tones and /pices. 
 
 i[ Of dyvers kyndes of Spices, where they grow, 
 
 WHAT THEY ARE WOORTH IN CaLICUT, AND WHITHER 
 THEY ARE CARIED FROM TIIENSE. 
 
 267 
 
 CC. 
 
 CCC. 
 
 CCCCl. 
 
 DL 
 
 ■IhcO- 
 
 €1 0/ Pepper. 
 
 Yrfle in all the kyngedome of Malabor and Calicut pepper growcth: and is foiild in Calicut by 
 euery. CC. [two hundred] Uahars, fine, for. CCxxx, [two hundred and thirty] fonans, euery 
 fiinan (as I haue fayde) beinge in value, one ryall of plate of Si)ayne : which is as niiiche as 
 one marcell of fyluer in Venice, liahar, wcith foure cantares of the owld weight of I'ortu- 
 gale, by the whiche they fell all fjjices in Lifbona. Cantar, is in Venece. C.\ii. [one 
 hundred and twelue] pounde weyght of the grofe pounde (beinge. xviii. vnces) and of the 
 fubtyle pounde. C. Ixxviii. [one hundred and feuenty-eight] So that the fayde. 7 1 2. poundes 
 of Venece fubtile, wyl cofl abowt. xx. frenche crownes of golde : which amount to abowt two Marchctti (whiche 
 make one peny) the pounde. They pay alfo to the kyng of Calicut for cuflome. xii. fanans euery Bahar by the 
 lode. They that bye them, are accudomed to brynge them to Cambaia, Perfia, Aden, and Mecha, and from 
 thenfe to Alcayre and Alexandria. Nowe they pay cuflome to the kynge of Portugale after the rate of 6562. 
 Maruedies the Bahar, rt'hich are. 193. fanans. Maruedies are Spanyflie coynes wherof. vi. go to a peny. This 
 doo they partly bycaufe there arryueth no more fo greate diuerfitie of marchantes to bye them, and partly by 
 the agreement which the fayde kynge of Portugale made with thofe kynges, and the Moores, and marchauntes 
 of the countrey of Malabar. 
 
 Much pepper groweth lykewyfe in the Ilande of Suma'ra nere vnto Malaca, which is fayrer and byggcr then 
 that of Malabar, but not fo good and flronge. This is brought from Bengala to China, and fumme parte to 
 Mecha, priuilie and by flelth, vnwares to the Portugales which wolde not otherwyfe fuffer them to paffe. It is 
 woorth in Sumatra, from. iiii. C. [four hundred] vnto. vii. C. [feuen hundred] marauedis the cantar of Portugale, 
 of the newe weight. And frome the newe to the owlde weight in Portugale, the differenc" is, twoo vnces in the 
 pounde weight. For the owlde pounde confifleth of. xiiii. vnces, and the newe pounde -^ . xvi. vnces. 
 
 237 
 
 I '1 
 
 Vii 
 
 >l I 
 
 C 0/ Clones. 
 
 I .ones growe in the Ilandes of Molucca, from whenfe they are brought to Malacha, and then 
 to Calicut and the countrey of Malabar. They are woorth in Calicut euery bahar (which is. 
 7 1 2. ])oundes of the fubtyle pound of Venece) from. 500. to. 600. fonans (which are abowte 
 fyftie frenche crownes,) which are in value abowte. xii. marchetti the pounde weight. And 
 beinge cleane from flalkes and hufkes are in value 700 fanans. To cary theym frome thenfe 
 into other regions, they paye for pafporte. xviii. fanans the bahar, which is woorth in 
 Malacca from. x. to. xiiii. ducades accordynge to the rate and cuflome of the marchauntes. 
 
 C 0/ Cinamome. 
 
 Inamome of the befl fort, groweth in the Ilande of Zeilam : and in the countrey of Malabar, 
 growethe the woorfl. That of the befle kynde, is of fmaule price in Zeilam. But in Calicut 
 (if it bee choife and freflie), it is woorth CCC. [three hundred] fanans the bahar, whiche are 
 abowte fiue marchetti the pounde. 
 
 267 
 
 li 'i 
 
 idl 
 
:i-. 
 
 268 
 
 The prices of pncious Jlones and f pices. 
 
 ■ \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 V I 
 
 1 1 
 
 H. 'f 
 
 k'M: 
 
 
 % ■ 
 
 it 
 
 h 
 
 t; 
 
 ' ' 1 
 
 '1 
 
 i. 
 
 C O/" Giugci' cnnled Bclcdi. 
 
 Ingcr Beledi, groweth on cilery fyde abowte Calicut from fyxe to nine myles : And is woorth 
 the haliar. xl. fanans, and fiinitynics fiftii'. wliitlic is luffo then one niarchetto the pounde. 
 
 'I'licy brynge it from the mountav 110 and owt of tlie contrey to the citie, where they fell 
 it by rctaylc to the Indian niarchauntes, who gather it togithcr in grcate ([uantitie and kepe 
 it to fuch tyme as the Moorcs fliyppes arryiie there, to whom they fell it, by the price of, 
 xc. [ninety] fanans, to Cx. [one hundred and ten] whichc is Icffe then two niarchctti the 
 pound, bycaufe the weight is greater. 
 
 239 
 
 C Of Ginger Mechino. 
 
 Tnger Mechino groweth, bcgynnyngc from the mountayne of Deli, vnto Canonor. It is fmaule, 
 and not fo whyte nor fo good as the other. It is woorthc the bahar in Cananor, abowt. ly. 
 fanans wliirhe is abowte one marchctto the jjounde. They pay for the bahar fyxe fanans 
 in money for the cuftome. It is fould vnclenfed or vnpurgcd. 
 
 C Of green e Ginger in con femes. 
 
 N Bcngala is founde greate plentie of Ginger Beledi, of the whiche they make muche Ginger in 
 conferues with fuger, and carie it in Hone pots from Martabani to bee fould in the countrey 
 of Malabar. And is wooitli the farazuola (which is. xxii. poundes and fyxe vnces) after the 
 rate of. xiiii. xv. or. xvi. fanans. 
 
 That that is freflie and made in confcnies, is woorth in Calicut, xxv. fanans the farazuola, 
 bycaufe fuger is dcre there, (ircenc ginger to put in conferues, is woorth in Calicut three 
 quarters of one fanan the farazuola, which is abowte twoo poundes for one marchetto. 
 
 €[ Of the Apothecaries driigges: And of what price 
 they are in Calient and Malabar. 
 
 j^Acca of Martabani, if it bee of the befle, is woorth the farazuola, which is. xxii. pounde weyght 
 and fyxe vnces of Portugale after, xvi. vnces the pounde (whiche is abowte. xl. pounde 
 weyght of the fubtyle pounde of Venece) And is in v; lue. xviii. fanans : whiche are. xviii. 
 marcels of filuer. For one fanan, is in value abowte one marcell of fyluer. 
 
 I.acca of ti.o co'-.irey, is woorth the farazuola 
 
 liorace that is good and in great pieces is woorthe the farazuola. 
 
 Camphire that is grofte in cakes, is woorth the farazuola 
 
 Camphire to annoynt Idoles, 
 
 Camphire for theyr chyldren to eatc, is woorth the mytigal, 
 
 Aguila is woorth the farazuola 
 
 Lignum aloe, blacke, heauy, and fine, is woorth 
 
 Mufke of the befl is woorth the vnce 
 
 Beniamin of the befle, is woorth the farazuola 
 
 Tamarind! being newe, are woorth the farazuola 
 
 Calamus aromaticus, the farazuola 
 
 Endego to dye filke, trewe and good, the farazuola 
 
 Mirre, the farazuola. 
 
 Frankenfencc good and in graynes, is woorth the farazuola 
 
 Frankenfence in pafle of the bafefl forte, the faraz[uola]. 
 
 Ambracan or amber greefe that is good, is woorthe the metical 
 
 263 
 
 P'anan 
 
 Xll, 
 
 Fanan. 
 
 XXX, to. xl. and 1. 
 
 Fanan. 
 
 Ixx. to. Ixxx 
 
 ♦ 
 
 * • 
 
 Fanan 
 
 iii. 
 
 Fanan. 
 
 ccc. to. cccc. 
 
 Fanan. 
 
 M. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 xxxvi. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Ixv. 
 
 Fanan. 
 
 iiii. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 xii. 
 
 Fanan, 
 
 XXX 
 
 Fanan 
 
 xviii. to. XX, 
 
 Fanan 
 
 XV. 
 
 Fanan. 
 
 HI. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 ii, to, iii. 
 
The prices of precious Jloncs and f pices. 
 
 269 
 
 111. 
 
 to. cccc. 
 M. 
 xxxvi. 
 Ixv. 
 iiii. 
 xii. 
 
 XXX 
 
 i. to. XX. 
 
 XV. 
 
 iii. 
 ii. to. iii. 
 
 Mirabolancs in confcnic of fuger, the fara/.[uola]. 
 
 Caflia, freflic and good, the farazuola. 
 
 Reddc Sanders, the farazuola 
 
 Wiiyte Sanders and citrine, whiche growe in the Ilande of Timor, the farazuola 
 
 Spikenarde, freflic and good, the faraz[uola]. 
 
 Nutte inegges, whiche cootnc fronie the llai.de of Bandan where the bahar is woorth 
 
 from. viii. to. x. fanans, (which importe. vi. poundes weight to the marchetto) 
 
 are woorthe in Calicut, the faraz[iiola]. 
 Mace which is brought from the Ilande of Uandan where the Bahar is woorth fiftie 
 
 fanans (which import abowt one marchetto the ])ounde) are woorth in Calicut 
 
 the farazuola. 
 TurbitlKs, are woorth the farazuola 
 
 \V()orme feede of the bed kynde, tauled Siiiitiizina, is woorthe the farazuola. 
 Zerumba, the farazuola 
 Zedoaria, the farazuola 
 Guninie Serapine, the farazuola 
 Aloe cicotrine, the farazuola 
 Cardamome in graynes, the farazuola 
 Reubarbe groweth abundantly in the coiiiurey of Malabar : And that which commeth 
 
 from China by Malacha, is worth the farazuola 
 Mirabolani emblici, the farazuola 
 Mirabolani belirici, the farazuola 
 Mirabolani citrini and chebuli, whicli are al of one fort. 
 Mirabolani Indi, which are of the fame citrine trees 
 Tutia, the farazuola 
 Cububes which growe in the Ilande of laua or Giaua, are there of fmaule price, and 
 
 fould by meafure withowt weight. 
 Opium which is browght from the citie of Aden where it is made, is woorth in 
 
 Calicut the faraz[uola]. 
 Opium of an other fort which is made in Cambaia is woorth the farazuola, 
 
 Fanan. xvi. to. xxv 
 
 Fanan one and a halfe 
 
 Fanan. v. to. vi. 
 
 I'anan. xl. to. Ix 
 
 I'anan. xxx. to. xl. 
 
 I'anan 
 
 X. to. XII. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 xxv. 
 
 to 
 
 XXX. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 XIII. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 XV. 
 
 ii. 
 
 Scc<lc« thai kyll 
 lyst. 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 i. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 XX. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 xviii 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 XX. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 xl. 
 
 to. 1. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 
 
 ii. 
 
 
 Fanan 
 
 Due ant 
 
 a 
 
 halfe. 
 
 
 Fa[nan] 
 
 
 
 ii. 
 
 
 Fa[nan] 
 
 
 
 iii. 
 
 
 I'anan 
 
 
 
 XXX. 
 
 
 Fanan. cclx.xx. to. ccc.xx 
 Fanan cc. to. ccl. 
 
 C Of the -d'cyghfes of Porttigalc and India : And hmve they agree. 
 
 He pound of the owld weight, conteyneth. xiiii. vnces. The pound of the newe weight con- 
 teyneth. xvi. vnces. viii. cantares of the owlde weyght, make. vii. of the newe. And euery 
 newe cantare, is of. C. xxviii. [one hundred and twenty-eight] poundes after, xvi. vnces to 
 the pounde 
 
 luiery owlde cantare, conteyneth three (juarters and a halfe of the newe cantar : And is 
 of. C. xxviii. [one hundred and twenty-eight] poundes, after, xiiii. vnces the pounde. 
 
 One farazuola, is. xxii. poundes of. xiiii. vnces, and vi. vnces more, with two fifte partes. 
 Twentie farazuoles, are one Bahar. 
 
 One bahar is. iiii. cantares of the owld weight of Portugale. All the Spices and drugges, and all fuche 
 other thinges as coome from India, are fould in Portugale by the owld weight and all the refte by the newe 
 weyght. 
 
 •I Hereby may we well confider that as we owght to reioyfe and gyue god thankes 
 for the abundaunce of al thefe thynges which he caufeth the earth fo plentifully to brynge 
 foorth to owre vfe, lb may we lament th[e]abufe of men whofe couetoufneffe caufeth 
 great dearth and fcarfeneffe in the myddeft of abundance : herein no leffe offendyng the 
 lawe of nature then doo fuch as by wychcrafte intermingle poyfon with thynges created 
 for the health of man, or by inchauntment corrupt the feedes in the ground : ye rather as 
 the vnnatural mother who deftroyeth the chylde whom flie hath longe nuryflied. 
 
 •«» 
 
 238 
 
 
 . I 
 
 Fii 
 
270 
 
 :■ .ll- 
 
 r,iii 
 
 Ivl 
 
 [Two Notes added hy Eden, apparently to fill up the Leaf.] 
 
 Of the Dooues of the Ilaudc of Madera. 
 
 Adaimifliis wryteth, that before the Porliigaks came to this Ilande, it wms onergrowen 
 with trees and vnhabited. Yet were there many hcaftes, and great plentie ofdooiics which 
 were vtterly \\ ithout feare of men bycaufe they liad neuer feene any men before, nor yet 
 were accullonied to bee i)iit in feare. In fo imitli that they flode ftyl whyle Inares were 
 I)iit allow te theyr ncckes with longe rods and jioles. The which thynge he fayth he hath 
 alfo f ene in other Ilandes. There are many ryche men in tliis Ilande, and great abun- 
 ilaunce of flellie, bycaufe the hole Ilande is in mancr one gardeyne. 
 
 C Of the Ilande of faynt Thomas vndcy the Equinoctiall line 
 
 He chiefell occupacion and liuynge of tl)[e]inhabitauntes of this Ilande, is the niakynge of 
 fuger, which they fell yearely to the fliyppes that coonime for it owt of Sjiayne and Portu- 
 gale laden with bultes of nieale and iloiire, alfo wyne, oyle, cheefe, lethcr, fwoordes, cuppes 
 of glafle, beades, certeyne fcaruels of the fine whyte earthe cauled Porcellana, of the which 
 are made the earthen dyfflies of the woorke of Maiolica. And if it were not that fuch 
 \-yttayles and prouifions were brought them owt of Spaine ami Portugale, the whyte mar- 
 chauntes \vhich dwell in that Ilande (perteynynge to the dominion of the kinge of Portugale) 
 (hulde not bee able to lyue there, forafmuch as they are not accuflomcd to eflte fuch nieates as doo the Ethi- 
 opians or Negros. And therfore the Portugalcs whiche inhabite this Ilande, haue certeyne blacke flaues of 
 Guinea, Benin, and Manicongo, which they fet to tyll and laboure the grounde and make fuger. Amonge thefe 
 whyte inhabitauntes, there are many ryche men which haue. 150. or. 200. and fum. 300. blacke flaues of men 
 and women to tyll the grounde and doo other laborious woorkes. This Ilande was difcouered foure fcore yeares 
 fence by the nauigations of the Portugales and was vnknowen to the owlde wrytcrs. It lyeth in the greate 
 goulfe of Affrike in the. 30. degree of longitude from the Well to the Eafl, and is; in maner rounde. It is of 
 largenefle from fide to fyde. Ix. Italian myles, (that is to fay) one degree. The horizontal line of the Hand, 
 paffeth by the two poles, Artike and Antartyke : and hath euer the day equall with the nyght without any fenfi- 
 ble difference, whether the fon bee in Cancer or in Capricorne. The flarre of the pole Artike, is there inuifible : 
 But the wardens are feene fumwhat to moue about : And the ftarres cauhxl the Croffe, are feene very hyghe. 
 Of this Ilande with the other landes and Ilandes lyinge betwene Portugale and the fame, a certeyne pylotte of 
 Portugale hath wrytten a goodly vyage to Conte Rimondo. 
 
 m 
 
"I 
 
 [Contenciju /oy the trade 0/ /pices."] 
 
 271 
 
 C THE DEBATE AND STRYFE 
 
 BETWENE THE SPANYARDES AND PORTUGALES, 
 
 for the dittifiou of the Indies and the trade of Spiccs: and 
 
 alfo for the Hands of Molncca, luhich fnni canle 
 
 Maliicas. IVrytten in the SpanyfJie toonge by 
 
 Francisco Lopez de Gomara. 
 
 Hc[e]niperoiirs m.iItAic was verye glackle that the Malucas and 
 llands of the fpiccry were difcouered ; and that he myght paHo 
 vnto them through his owne countrcys withnwt any preiudicvj or 
 hurte to the Portugales : And bycaure alfo that Almanzor, I./.iztu, 
 and Corala which were the lordes of the fpicorie, flicwed them 
 felues to bee his frendos and became tributaries to I:ym. He 
 alfo gaue certeyne gyftcs and rewardes to lohn Sebaflian for his 
 great paynes and good fcriiice, forafmuch as he craned a rewarde 
 for the good newcs that the IKindcs of the Malucas and other 
 Ilandes rycher and greater then they, were found to bee in 
 his part of thofe countreys which perteyned vnto hym accord- 
 ynge to the popes bull. And hereby it came to paffe tliat 
 there was great contention and flrife betwene the Spanyardes 
 and the Portugales abowte the fpicerie and the diuifion of the 
 Indies by reafon of the returne of lohn Sebaflian and th[e]in- 
 formation whiche he gaue thcrof. Who alfo affirmed that 
 the Portugales had neuer any enteraunce before that tyme 
 into thofe Ilandes. Here vppon, the counfayle for the Indies, aduertifed Th[e]eniperoure to maynteine his 
 tleete for thofe partes, and to take the trade of fpices into his owne hand, forafmuch as it was his owne of 
 dewtie, afwell for that thofe Ilandes fell on his parte, as alfo that he hail nowe founde palTago anil waye through 
 his weft Indies into thofe regions. And finally to confyder that he fluilde thereby obtcyne and gette to him 
 felfe grcate reuenues bcfyde th[e]inrychynge of his fubiecies and realmes, and that with fiiiaulc coafle and 
 charge. The[e]emperoure beinge thus aduertifed of the truth, tooke it for good counfayle, and commaunded 
 all thynges hereunto apperteynynge to bee furnyflhod accordyngely. In this meane tyme, when kynge lohn of 
 Portugale had knowleage what th[e]emperour determyned to doo, and the fpeedy haft his counfayle made for 
 the performance herof, and of the commynge home of lohn Sebaftian of Cane, with th[e]information he made, 
 what- of ftoutneffe of mynde and what for greefe, was puffed vp with anger as were alfo the refte of the Portu- 
 '^Ics, ftormynge as thowgh they wolde haue plucked downe the (kye with their handes, not a lyttle fcarynge 
 leafte they fliulde lofe the trade of f[)ices, if the Spanyardes fliulde once put iu theyr foote. Whervppon the 
 kynge immediatly made fupplication to 'rh[c]empcroure, not to fet fi^rwarde any fliyppes vntyll it were deter- 
 myned to whether of theym thofe Ilandes fluilde belonge . And that he wolde not fo muche endomage hym as to 
 caufe him to liefe the trade of fpices which was fo comiuodious and profitabli; to hym. And finally to auoyde 
 th[e]occafion of murther and bludflied whiche were lyke to enfu • thereof, yf the Spanyardes and Portugales 
 fliyppes fhulde meete togyther. Th[e]emperoure althowghe he knewe that all this was but to make delays and 
 prolongynge of tyme, yet was he gladde to haue it tryed by luftice for the better iuftitication of his caufe and 
 ryght. In fine, both parties were agreed to appoynt lerned men, Cofiiiographers and Pylots which fliulde 
 determine the controuerfie betwene them: proniyfynge on bothe parties to abyde and ftande to the fentcnce 
 and determination made by thofe perfons appoynted and fworne to iudge indifferentely. 
 
 240 
 
 lohn 
 
 The ciiu'.c of 
 
 iMIltCllCiuII. 
 
 'I'hc tr.idc of spice 
 jicrtcynith to 
 I'htujuliipcruurc 
 
 lohn kyng < 
 Purtugulc. 
 
 The tr.ndc of 
 Spices. 
 
 The controuersie 
 determined by 
 CosningMphers 
 and Pylots. 
 
T^ 
 
 ■Mi 
 
 272 
 
 Contencion for the trade of f pices. 
 
 ¥: 
 
 til. I I 
 
 r.^ 
 
 The arbytrcrs on 
 the I-'iiipEcli 'Urs 
 sydc. 
 
 241 
 
 Sebastian Cibote. 
 
 Instruments of 
 Cosmograpliic 
 The Il.uicics of 
 M.iluc.1. 
 
 The arliitrcrs en 
 the Portugalcs 
 syde. 
 
 The place where 
 they nicltc. 
 
 Thre]order of 
 theyr proces. 
 
 The Portngaies. 
 CuiUcnli'Hi ftir 
 drawynije the line 
 of Ihe di:iisiun. 
 
 Howe the 
 
 PortiiRales were 
 deccaucti 
 
 The Sp.-iny.uile'i 
 
 allegations. 
 
 Samatra. 
 
 Malacha. 
 
 Chinx 
 
 M.igailancs. 
 
 Hu^na Vi^t,!. 
 
 The Ilandcs of 
 Cabo Verde. 
 
 242 
 
 C The repayticiou and diuifion af the Indies and neivc ivor/de betwene 
 the Spanyardes and the Poytugales. 
 
 HI" matter concernyng the trade of fpices and the newe worlde of the Indies, by reafon of the 
 greate rychcs therof was of greate iniiiortuunce and very diftlciiltie to bee hmittcd and 
 and drawen foorth by lines. Uy reafon wherof, it was necefliirie and conuenicnt to fcekc 
 wyfe and woorfliypful men expert in nauigations, in Cofmographie, and the mathcmaticall 
 fciences. 'rh[e]cmp[e]roure for Iiis fyde, chofe and named for iudges of the pofleffion, the 
 licentiate Acuna, one of the kynges confayle. Alfo the licentiate Barrientos of the counfayle 
 of the orders : The licentiate Petro Manuel auditour of the oourte of the Chaunccrie in 
 Valladolith. For iudges of the propcrtie, he chofe Don Fernando Colono the foonne of Chriftopher Colonus: 
 Alfo doctor Sancho Salaya, Peter Ruiz of Villegas, fryre Thomas Duran, Simon of Alcazaua, and lohn 
 Sebaftian of Cano. His aduocate and atturney, he made the licentiate lohn Rodriguez of Pifa: and for his 
 fyfcal doctor Ribera, and his fecretarie, Barthalome Ruiz of Caflaneda. He alfo apoynted that Sebaflian 
 Cabote, Steuen Gomes, Nunnio Garcia, Diego Riuero, being al expert pilots and cunning in making cardes 
 for the fea, (liuld be prefent, and brynge foorth theyr globes and mappes with other inflrumentes necelTarie to 
 declare the fituation of the Ilanilcs of the Mahicas abowt the which was al the contention and flryfe. But 
 order was taken that they fliukle fliewe theyr myndes on neyther fyde, nor enter into the coompany of the other 
 but when they were cauled. Al thefe and diuers other, wente togyther to a towne cauled Bailaioz: and as many 
 Portugales came to Elbes, or rather more. For they browght with them two fifcals and two aduocates. The 
 principall of theym, was the licentiate Antonie de AfTeuedo, Diego Lopes of Sequeyra the clarke of the weightes 
 and rcceptes, who had l.)efore byn goucrnour in India. Alfo Peralfonfo of Melo, clerke : Simon of Tauira, with 
 dyuers other whofe names I knowe not. Before tliey mette togyther, the one parte remaynynge at Badaioz and 
 the other in Elbes, there was much a doo anionge them beefore they coulde agree vppon the place where they 
 fliulde mete and who fluild fpeke fyrlle. For the Portugales doo greatly weighe fuche circuniflances. At the 
 lafl, they concluded to meete togyther at Caya a lyttle ryuer which diuideth Cadilc from Portugale, (landynge 
 in the niydde way betwene Bailaioz and I'Ubes. And when they were affembled togyther one df y at Badaioz 
 and an otiier daje at FIbes and faluted the one the other, bothe parties were fworne that they flnildc proceade 
 and fpeake accordynge to truth, iuftice, and equitic. The Portugales refufed Simon de Alcazaua bccaufe he 
 was a Portugale : and fryer Thomas Duran bycaufe he had fumetyme byn preacher to theyr kynge: So that 
 Simon was by confent put owte of the coonijiany, in whofe roonic was placed mafler Antonie of Alcaraz. Yet 
 fell they not to reafouyuge the matter vntyll the fryer was put owt. They were manyc dayes in beholdynge 
 globes, mappes, and cardes of the fea, and hearynge what myght bee fayde, both fydes alleagynge for the right 
 which they pretended. But the Portugales llandjnge in vayne contention, fayde very angerly the llandes of 
 Maluca whtreujipon theyr ineetynge and refonynge was at that prefeiUe, fell of theyr parte and was of theyr 
 conquefl. And that they both had byn tlicrc, and had tlieni in tlieyr poffeflion before lohn Sebaflian hail euer 
 feene them. I.ykewyfe that tlie line fluildc bee drawen from the llande of Bonauilla, or the Hand cauled de 
 la Sal, which are the moll Eallerly llandes from Cabouerde, and not from the llande of Santanton or faynt 
 Antonie, which lyeth towarde the Weft, and are. Ixxxx. lcat[ues the one from the other. Al this was no more 
 but to contend: and the other of the Malucas, is vntrewe. But they that haue a nawghtie matter muft fet it 
 foorth with woordes and bra.lielynge. Here they founde howe greatly they were deceaued in that they 
 demaunded that the line fluikle bee drawen three hundreth. Ixx. leaques more to the WeP. from the llandes of 
 Cabouerde (as appoareth hereafter) and not one hundreth accordyng to th[e]an"ign(Mnent of tiiC popes bul. The 
 Spanyardes on the contrary ])arte affirmed and made demonftration, that not only the llandes of Burney, 
 Gilolo, Zubut, and Tidore, with the other llandes of the Mahicas. But afwell Samatra, Malacha, and a great 
 parte of China, fluild belonge to the t'alliiiaus: and that thofe countreys fell on tlieyr fyde and on the parte of 
 theyr conquci: Alfo that Magallanes and lohn Sebaftian were the fyrfte Chriftian men that fountle them and 
 obteyned them for Th[e]emiierour, as the letters and prefentes of Almanzor doo teftifie. And although the 
 Portugales had byn there fyrfte, yet wente they thylher after the donation of the pope : neyther got they any 
 ryght or iufte tytle tliereby. For althowgli they ftiulde drawe the line by liiiena Vjfta, wliat inconuenience 
 flnilde folowe thereof, fith afwell by the one way as the other, the llandes of the Malucas nvuft pertcyne to the 
 Caftilians: yea and moreoucr, the llandes of Cabo verdc fliulde alfo perteine to the Caftilians forfomuch as 
 drawynge the line by Bucna Vifta, the Ihnules of the Malucas doo remayne within the line on the Empcrours 
 fyde. Tiiey continued in thefe controuerfies for the fpace of two moonethes without anye refolution or ende 
 
 ' i I 
 
Contcncion for the trade of f pices. 
 
 273 
 
 made. For the Portugales prolongeil and put of the matter, flying from the fentence with cauillations and could 
 reai'ons to th[e]vjnde that they niyght difTohie that affemble without any conchifion or determination : for fo it 
 floode them vppon. The Caflilians which were the Judges of the i)ropertie, drewe a hne in the great globe three 
 hundrclh and. Ixx. [feuenty] leaques from faynt Antonies Ilande, lyinge by Wede Cabo Verde accordynge to the 
 intreatie and determination whiche was agreed vppon betwene the Catholike princes and the kynge of I'ortugale. 
 Thefe iudges gaue fentence vppon this matter, caulynge the contrary parte before them vpon the bridge of 
 Caya in the yeare. 1524. The I'ortiigales coulde neyther diflurbe or deferre the fentence, nor yet wolde they 
 alowe it to bee iuR and accordynge to ryght: Sayinge that there was not fufiicient proceffe made that they 
 fhulde paffe to the gyuynge of fentence. And fo departed threatenyng to fley the Caflilians as many as they 
 fliulde fynde in the Ilandcs of the Malucas. For they knewe ryght well that heyr contreymen the Portugales had 
 aired)' taken the fliyppe cauled the 'J'rinitie and had alfo taken the Caflilians in Tidore. Then alfo departed 
 owre men, takynge theyr iorney to the courte gyuynge vp to Th[e]emperour all theyr wrytynges and declaration 
 what they had doone. And accordvnge to this declaration mud bee figned and marked all globes and mappes 
 which good Cofniographers and maflers doc make. The line alfo of the reparticion and lad diuifion of the 
 newe world of the Indies, ought to paffe (lyttle more or lefTe) by the poyntcs of Humos and Buen Abrigo, as I 
 haue fayde in an other place. And thus fliall it appeare euidenlly that the Ilandes of Spices, and alfo the greate 
 Ilande of Zamotra, do pcrteyne to Cadile. But the landc of Brafile perteyneth to the kynge of Portugale where 
 the cape of faynt Augudine is, beinge. viii. degrees beneth the Kquinoctiall. This lande reaclieth from the 
 poynte of Humos to the poynte of Buen Abrigo: and is in lengthe North and South, viii. hunilrcth leaques. 
 Beinge alfo fum way two hundrcth leaques Ead antl AVed. 
 
 And hereafter thefe fe.ious matters, wee wyll rehearfe one mery thynge, which was this. It fo chaunced 
 that as Frances de Melo, Diego Lopes of Ser[ueyra, and other of thofe Portugales of this affemble, walked by 
 the ryuer fyde of Guadiana, a lyttle boy who doodc keepynge his mothers clothes which die had wadied, 
 demaunded of theym whether they were thofe men that parted the world with Tli[e]em])erour And as they 
 anfwered, yea: he tooke vp his diert and fliewed them his bare arfe, fayinge: Coomme and drawe yowre line 
 here throughe the mydded. Which fayinge was afterwarde in euery mans mouth and laughed at in tlie towne 
 of Badaioz : yea euen amongc the commiffioners them felues, of whom fum were angrj', and fumme maruayled 
 at the fayinge of the ch)lile. 
 
 C The caufc and autoy'itic li'Jicrby they diiiidcd the Indies. 
 
 He C>.iilians and Portugales had longe debated and realbned abowt the goldemyne of Guinea 
 which was found in the ycare of owre lorde 147 1, in the tynie of the reigne of Don Alonfo 
 Kynge of Portugale the firde of that name. This was a matter of greate importaunce. For 
 the negros or blacke Moores, for thyngcs of no value, gaue golde by hole handefuls whyche 
 was at that tyme when the fayde Kynge of Portugale pretended title and claynie to the 
 kingedome of Cadile in the right of his wyfe Queene lohn (cauled the excellent) ageynde 
 the Catholike princes Ifabel and Don Fernando whofe it was in deede. But that dryfe was 
 ended as fone as Don Fernando had vanquifflicd Don Alonfo at a place cauled Temulos not farre from Toro, 
 which place" Don Fernando chofe rather to m.nke warre ageind the Moores of Granada, then to bye and fell 
 with the blacke Moores of Guinea. And thus the Poifiigales remained with the contiued of Aflryke from the 
 dreightes forwarde ; whiche began where the infante of Portugale Don Henrique (fonne to kynge lohn the 
 badarde and rnader nl Auis) <lyd begynnj to enlarge it. When pope Alexander the. vi. (beinge a valentinian 
 borne) had knowleaa" hereof, lie mynded to gyue the Indies to the kinges of Cadile withowt any preiudice to 
 the Portugales who had conquered the fea coades of Affryke. Thefe Indies, the pope gaue of his owne mynde 
 wiihowte the m :>lioJi of anye other, with this burden and charge that they diulde conuert the Iilolatours to the 
 faythe of Chryde : And commaunded line or meridian to bee dr.iwen Northe and fouth from one hundreth 
 leaques W.-dwardo beyond one of the I'.andes of Cabo Verde towarde the Wede, bycaufe the Spanyardes diulde 
 not meddle in Affryke pcrteynynge to the conqued of the Portugales, to tli[e]auoy(lynge of all dryfe betwene 
 them. Kynge lolin ot Portugale, the feconde of that name, was greatly offended when he redde the bull and 
 donation of the pope, althowgh las owne ambaffadours had made the felfe fome requed vnto his holyneffe. He 
 alfo found hym felfe agreeued with the Catholyke princes Ifabell and Fernando, that they had diortened the 
 courfe of the landes he had difcjuered, depriuynge hym of the ryclieffe which belonged to hym. And therforj 
 refufed to dande to the popes bi.ll in this cafe: defyrynge the Catholyke princes Ifabell and Fernando to graunt 
 him three lum'lieth leaques nior; to the Wede, befydo the one hundredi which they had graunted before : and 
 therwith fenc his fliyppes to kcpe the coades of Affryke. The princes Catholyke were ' ontent to fatiffic his 
 
 The Portuf^ales 
 cauillatiuas. 
 
 The line of 
 diuibiull. 
 
 The sentence. 
 
 The Portugales 
 threatLMi iLalh to 
 the Caiitih.iiis. 
 
 The line of the 
 last diuisiun. 
 
 The Rreat Ihind 
 of Saniotni. 
 The lande of 
 Hrasile, pcrteineth 
 to the Portu^aici. 
 
 A mery tale. 
 
 Tlte golde myne 
 of (luinea, 
 Alonso kynge of 
 Puitugale. 
 
 Hold for thyngcs 
 of sniaul value. 
 
 Contention for the 
 kyn;^clonie of 
 Castile. 
 
 Warre agenst the 
 Moores of 
 Gran.ada, 
 
 The rnnquestc; of 
 the; Portugak-s in 
 Allrike. 
 
 Pope Alexander. 
 
 243 
 
 The Pope maltcth 
 the diuisiun. 
 
 The kynge of 
 Portug.lleretuseth 
 to stand to the 
 i'opus bull. 
 
 1 
 
 Wl 
 
 f 
 
 \\ 
 
 ii 
 
 EncN. 
 
 There is a hiatus here. - V. A, 
 
 li 
 
FT 
 
 * 
 
 
 if 
 ii 
 
 
 B ■ i' I! 
 
 1 1 . ■ 
 
 274 
 
 Contcncion for the trade of f pices. 
 
 ■ The ngrcement of 
 the \Ait diuisiuii 
 
 VTicrein the 
 rortiiR.iles were 
 decoaued. 
 
 Set>asti.in Cabote. 
 
 Thfelemperour 
 and the kinj^c of 
 I'lTiugale inyncd 
 m :i)iatice by 
 manage. 
 
 The Portiigales 
 rf)l)l)e the 
 Castilians 
 
 Thf. coronation of 
 Th[c]eniperoiir. 
 
 244 
 
 The RaReing of tht 
 ll.uuls of Malucas,i 
 zaiiialni and 
 Malaco. 
 
 myndc and to plcafe hym accord) ngo to theyr gentle nature and for the aliance tliat was betwene theym : And in 
 fine, with tlie confent and agreement of the pope, graunted twoo hundreth. Ixx. [feucnty] leaques more then the 
 bull made mention of : At Tordefillas the. vii. da) of lune, in the ycare of owr lord 1 494. And wheras owr kynges 
 thought that they fliulde haue loft grounde in jrauntynge fo many leaques that way, they woonne by that meanes 
 the Ilandes of the Malucas with many other ryche Ilandes. The kynge of Portugale alfo, herein de>:eaued him felfe 
 or was deceaucd of his whom he put in truft, hauynge no certeyne knowleage of the fituation of the Ilandes of the 
 riche Spicery in demaundyng that which the kynge dyd demaunde. For it hadde byn better for hym to haue 
 recpiefted the three hundreth and. Ixx. leaques rather Eaftwarde from the Ilandes of Cabo Verde then towarde 
 the weft. And yet for all tha^ I double whether the Malucas flv'-le haue faulen within his conqueft accordynge 
 to the ordiraric arcoumpte ai.d dimcnfion which the pylotes and Cofmographers doo make. And after this 
 maner they diuided .he Indies betwene them by th[e]autoritie of the pope for the auoydynge of further ftryfe 
 and contention. 
 
 ^ //o7i>e and by lohat occafion Th^cYmpcroure layde the Ilaudrs of 
 the Malucas to pledge to the kynge of Portugale. 
 
 Hen the kynge of Portugale Don luan the thyrde of that name, had knowleage that the Cofmo- 
 graphers and jiylottcs of Caftile hadde drawen the line from the jilace before named, and that 
 he could not denye the truth, fearing alfo therby to liefe the trade of Spices, made fute and 
 rcqueft to Th[e]f;mpcroure tliat he flnilde not fend furth Loaifa nor Sebaftian Cabote to the 
 Malucas, and that the Caftilians fhulde not attcmpte the trade of fpices nor fee fuch euyls 
 and miferics as his capitayncs had fliewcd in thofe Ilandes to them that aduenturcd that 
 viage with Magalancs. Which th)nge he greatly couered, although he payde all thf ^ihrur.^s 
 of thofe two fleetes, and made other great bargcns. In the meane tyme, Th[e]emperoure maryeJ JieLu. y 
 Ifabell fyfter to kynge lohn: and kynge lohn marycd the lady Catharine fyfter to Th[e]emperour: whtrdy th,.; 
 matter waxed coulilc althoughe the kynge ceafed not to fpeake hereof, euer mouynge the particion. 'l'h[i>]jivi 
 perour by the meanes of a certeine Bifcaine that was with Magatlanes in the gouernours fliyppe, had know loage 
 what the Portugales had doone to the Caftilians in the Hand of Tidorc, whcrof he took great difpleafurc, and 
 brought the fayde maryner face to face before t'i[cJambaffadours of Portugale, who denyed all that he fayde, one 
 of them beinge the chicfe capitayne and gouernour of India when the Portugales tooke the Caftilians in Tidore 
 and robbed them of theyr Clones and Cinamome and fuch other thyriges as they had in the fliyppe named the 
 Trinitie. But as the kynge of Portugales trade was greate, and owre neceffitie greater, in the meane tymeTh[e]- 
 cinperoure (who was nowe goinge into Italic to bee crowned in the yeare. 1529) gagied the Malucas and the 
 fpicerie to the kynge of Portugale for three hundreth and fiftie thoufande ducadcs withowt any tyme determyned 
 othcrwyfe then the controucrfie was defined vppon the brydge of the ryuer of Caya ; for the which thynge, kynge 
 John punyflied the licentiate Azeuedo bycaufe he payde the money withowt declaration of the time. The couenaunt 
 of the pledge was blyndely made and greatly ageynft the myndes of the Caftilians, as men that wi ' vnderftode the 
 profite, conimoditie, and rycheffe v ■■ that trade : AfTirmynge that the trade of fpices myght haue byn rented for one 
 yeare or for two, for fyxe tynies as much as the kinge gaue for it. Peter Ruiz of Villcgas who was twyfe cauled 
 to the bargeyne, as once at Gran.ada and an other tyme at Madrid, fayde that it had b)n muche better to haue 
 pledged Eftremadiira or Serena, or other great :r landes and cities, rather then the Malucas, Zamatra, or Malaca, 
 or other riche landes and ryuers in the Eafte not yet well knowcn : forafmuche as it maye fo chaunce, 
 that cyther by continuaunce of tyme, or aliance, the pleilg', myght bee forgotte.i as thowgh it perteyned 
 to the ryght of Portugale. In fine, Th[e]emperour confidered not the iewel that he pledged, nor the kyng 
 what he receaued. Th[L']emperour was often tymes counfaylod to releafe the pledge of thofe Ilandes in 
 confideration of the great vantage he myght haue therby in fewe yeares. Furthermore, in the yeare. \^\6. 
 the procuratoures of Cortes being in \'alladolid, made peticion to Tli[e]emperour to furrender the fpicerie 
 to the kyngedoome of Caftile for. vi. yeares, and that they wold repa) to the kyng of Portugale his. 350. thou- 
 fand crownes, and after thofe yeares, reftore the trade to the crowne, that his maieftie myght inioye the liime as 
 was agreed at the begynnynge. But Th[e]enipcr()iir beinge then in Flaunders, fente woorde to the counfayle 
 that they fhulde not afilnt to Cortes his rcqueft, nor fpeake any more hereof. Wherat, fum marueylcil. other 
 were fory, and all held theyr peace. 
 
5yin : And in 
 lore then the 
 s owr kynges 
 that meanes 
 lied him felfe 
 landes of the 
 hym to haue 
 ;hen towarde 
 t accordynge 
 ntl after this 
 further (Iryfe 
 
 ^rs of 
 
 t the Cofmo- 
 led, and that 
 ade fute and 
 'abote to the 
 ;e fuch eiiyls 
 enturcd that 
 1 thf ^ha.r-s 
 
 whortJ-y tlii.-i 
 . Th[p}eni. 
 d krow loage 
 ^leafurc, and 
 e fayde, one 
 ns in Tidore 
 e named the 
 
 tynie Th[e]- 
 .icas and the 
 
 determyned 
 lynge, kynge 
 le couenaunt 
 iderdode the 
 nted for one 
 twyfe cauled 
 ;tter to haue 
 , or Malaca, 
 fo chaunce, 
 it perteyned 
 or the kyng 
 : Ilandcs in 
 f'eare. 154^. 
 
 the fpiceric 
 5. 350. thou 
 
 the fome as 
 le counfi'yie 
 icyled. other 
 
 275 
 
 [Amerigo Vespucci, 
 
 and 
 
 Andreas de Corsali. 
 
 Of the Pole Antarctic, and the stars 
 
 abotit the same A 
 
 
 \\ 
 
 hi 
 
 ill 
 
 (ii, 
 
 
 i! 
 
 i 
 
 
prp^ 
 
 f.iir 
 
 IP- 
 
 
 ■ n 
 
 .! 
 
 ■fl' 
 
 -; :■! 
 
 p*?'! '^■ 
 
 W ' ' ■■ 1 
 
 1^ 
 
 
 »■ i 
 
 . , t 
 
 %a\ ' ■ '' 
 
 i^ 
 
 {■ 
 
277 
 
 «r OF THE POLE ANTARTIKE AND THE 
 
 STARRES ABOWT THE SAME AND OF THE 
 
 QUALITIE OF THE REGIONS AND DISPOSITION OF 
 
 the Elcmentes about the Equinoctiall line. 
 
 Alfo ccrteyne fecreates touchyng 
 
 the arte of faylynge. 
 
 Mericus Vefputius in the Summaric of his vyages, 
 wrytcth in this maner as foloweth. 
 
 Departyngc from Lifbona (commonlye cauled Lunicbiirnc) 
 the. viii. day of May, in the yeare. 1501. we fayled fyrll to the 
 Ilandes of Canarie and from thenfe to Capouerdo which the 
 Ethio|)ians or blacke Moores caule Bijlitf^^/ii, bcingc. xiiii. 
 degrees on this fyde the Eciuinoctiall line. From whcnfe 
 directynge owre courfe towarde the South pole by the South- 
 wefl, »ve fawe no more land for the fi)ace of three nioonethes 
 and ..iree dayes. Of whiche tyme durynge. xl. [forty] dayes, 
 we had cruell fortune : In fo nuicjie that for that fpace, the 
 heauen m maner neuer ceafed 'hunderyng, rorynge, and 
 lyghtenynge with terrible noyfe, and fearefull fyghtes of fyery 
 exhalations flyinge abowt in the ayer, and in maner continuall 
 fhowers of rayne with darke clowdes coucrynge the heauen in fuch 
 forte that afwell in the day as in the nyght we coulde fee none 
 otherwyfe but as when the moone giueth no lyght by rcafon of thicke and darke clowds 'I'he fea was in lyke cafe 
 vnquieted with fiirgics and monflcrs. After thefe greuous and cruel days, it plcfed god to haue companion on 
 owr liues. For wee fuddenly cfpied land wherby we rccouereil owr fi)iritcs and flrength. This land which wee 
 founde, is from Capo Verde. 700. leaques, although I fujipofe that we fayled more then, Soo. by rcafon of the 
 cruel tempefl and ignoraunceofthe Pyloti' s and mariners whereby wee were lyke to haue byn call away. For 
 wee were in fuche daungerous places wanderynge in vnknowen coafles, that if 1 had not byn (Ivylfull in the 
 fcience of Cofmograjihie we had fuerly peryflied, forafmuch as there was not one pylot that knewe where wee 
 were by the fpace of fifiie leaques. In fo much that if I had not in tyme prouyded for the fafegarde of myne 
 owne lyfe and them that were with me, with my quadrant and Allrolabie inllriimenles of Aflronomie, wee had 
 ftyl wandered lyke blynde men. I'ut when in fme I had jjcrfuaded the pylots by demonllrations pertcynynge 
 to that arte, they gaue me great honour and confelTed that the ordinarie pilottes and mariners ignorant in 
 Cofmographi, are not to bee compared to men of fi)eculatiue kiiowleage. etc. 
 
 Wee fayled by the coafle of the fayde lande. 600. leaques And went oftentymes alande where wee were 
 frendely and honorably intcrteyncd of t!i[e]inhabitauntes : In fo much that confiderynge thcyr innocent nature, 
 we fumtymes remayncd with them. xv. or. xx. dayes. This firme lande begynneth beyonde the lupiinoctiall 
 line. viii. ilegrees towarde the pole Antartike. Wee fayled fo fitrre by the fayde coafle tiiat wee i)affed the 
 wynter Tropyke towarde the jiole Antartike by xvii. degrees and a halfe, where we had the Horizontal line 
 eleuate fiftie degrees. Such thynges as I fawe there, are not yet knowen to men of owre tyme : as the jieople, 
 theyr cullomes and mane's, the fertilitie of the lande, the goodnes of the ayer, the fauourable influence of 
 heauen and the pianettes, and cf|)ecially the order of the flarres of the eyght fphere in the inferioure hcmifpheric 
 or lower halfe circle of heauen towarde and abowt the South pole, wherof neyther the owlde or newe wrylers 
 haue made any mention to this daye. 
 
 \ 2 m 
 
 CaboiicrJc, 
 
 A tcniptrst. 
 
 The ignorance uf 
 i'yhjis .iiiU 
 riiarincrs. 
 The >« of 
 
 L'osnioiiraphie. 
 The v.se of the 
 (luadraiit and 
 Astrolable. 
 
 245 
 
 AnUrtik-':, 
 
 'I'lic slivrrcs al>owt 
 llic south pule. 
 
 . i 
 
 '\ 
 
 I 
 
 { 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 fj I 
 
 fi 
 
 t ' 
 
f1^ 
 
 I i- 
 
 u 
 
 F 
 
 :| 
 
 ■ip. 
 
 I! 
 
 114 
 
 278 
 
 0/ the pole Antaytike. 
 
 Mo^it pleasAnt and 
 frutful regiuns. 
 
 The earthlye 
 Paradysc. 
 Continual 
 te<nperatnesse 
 
 Moyst dewes 
 
 Starrcs vnknowen 
 to vs 
 
 The vse of 
 Geomctri. 
 
 Notable stars in 
 the inferiour 
 hemispheric. 
 
 Most bright and 
 thyitynge starres. 
 
 Laetea via. 
 
 246 
 
 The Inreriour 
 hemiipherie. 
 
 The raynebowe. 
 
 An«tutle his 
 opinion of the 
 raynebowe. 
 
 A strange opinion. 
 
 To wryte particularly of the commodities and felicities of thefe regions, it woldc requjTe rather a hole 
 volume then a booke : Anil that fuch, as if I'linie had had knowleage of thefe thynges, he niyght greatly haue 
 increafed his bookes of naturall hiflories. The trees gyuc from them continually fuch fweete fauours as can 
 fcarfely bee imagined : And on euery part put furth fuch gummes, liijuours, and iufes, that yf we knewe theyr 
 vertues, I fuppofe we myght fynde in them marueylous medicins ageinfl difeafes and to mainteyne health. Anil 
 fuerly in my opinion, yf there bee any earthely Parailyfe in the worlde, it can not bee farrc from thefe regions 
 of the fouth, where the her.uen is fo beneficiall and the clementes fo temperate that they are neyther bytten 
 with coulde in wynter, nor molefled with hcate in fummer. The ayer alfo and the heauen is feldome darkened 
 with clowdes, fo that the dayes and nyghtes are euer cicare. Yet haue they fumtymes nioyfl ilewes in the 
 mornynge and euenyng for the fpace of three houres, whereby the grounde is marueyloufly refrcfllied. Lyke 
 wyfe the firmament is marueyloufly adourned witn certeyne flanes which are not knowen to vs, wherof I noted 
 abowt. XX. to bee of fuche clearenefle as are the (larres of Venus and lupiter when they are nere vnto vs. And 
 wheras hauynge the knowleage of Geometric, I confidcred theyr circuite and dyuers motions, and alfo meafured 
 theyr circumference and diameter, I am well affured that they are much greater then men thynke them to bee. 
 Amonge other, I fawe three flarres cauled Canopi, wherof two were exceadynge cicare, and the thyrde fumwhat 
 darke. The pole Antartike hath nother the greate beare nor the lyttlc as is feenc abowte owre pole. But hath 
 foure flarres whiche compafle it abowt in forme of a quadrangle. 
 
 C When thefe are hydden, there is feene on the lefte fyde a bryght Canopus of three (larres of notable 
 greatneffe, whiche beinge in the myddefl of heauen, reprefenteth tliis figure. 
 
 After thefe, fucceade three other Hiynynge flarres, whereof that which is in the niyddefl, is of mcafure. xii. 
 degrees and a halfe in circumference. And in the myddefl. of thefe, is feene an other bryght Canopus. After 
 this, folowe. vi. other fliynynge Rarres which in bryghtneffe i)a(Te al other that are in the cyght f[)here. Of thefe, 
 that that is in the middefl. in the fuperficiall part of the fayde fphere, hath the meafiirc of his circumference, 
 xxxii. degrees. After thefe foloweth an other great Canopus, but fumwhat darke. All thefe are feene in the 
 parte of heauen cauled Via LaHea, that is the mylke w.iye : And beinge ioyned to the meridiane line, fliewe 
 this fygure here folowynge. 
 
 * * * * 
 
 fawe alfo there manye other flarres, the dyuers motions whorof diligently obfcnicd, I made a 
 particular boke of the fame, whcrin I made mention of al fuch notable thyngs as I fawe and 
 had knoweleage of, in this nauigation. The whiche booke I deliuered to the kynges maieflie, 
 trudynge that he wyll fliortly rcRore it me ageyne. In this hemifpherie or halfe coompalTe 
 of the heauen, I diligently confidered many thinges which are contrarie to th[e]oppinions of 
 philofophers. And amonge other thynges, I fawe a whyte ray ne': owe abowt mydnyght, 
 wheras other affirme that it hath foure colours of the foure elementtn, as redde of the fyer, 
 greene of the earth, whyte of the ayer, and blewe of the water. But Ariftotle in his booke intiteled Mc/eora, 
 is of an other opinion For he fayth that the raynebowe is a reflection of the beanies of the foonne in the 
 vapoure of a clowde directly ageynfle the foonne, as the fliynyng of the fame on the water, is reflected on a 
 waule : And that the fayde clowde or vapoure tempereth the heate of the foonne ; and beinge refolued into 
 raync, maketh the grounde fertyle, and pourgcth the ayer. Alfo that is a token of abundaunt moyflure. By 
 reafon wherof, fum are of opinion that it fliall not appeare. xl. [forty] yeares before th[e]ende of the worlde, which 
 (halbe a token of the dryneffe of the elementes approchynge to the tyme of theyr conflagration or confumyng 
 by fyer. It is a pledge of peace betwene god and men, and is euer directly ouer ageynfl the foonne. It is 
 thcrfore ncuer feene in the South, bycaufc the foonne is neuer [feene?] in the North. Neuertheleffe, Plinie fayth, 
 278 
 
Of the pole Antartikc. 
 
 279 
 
 that after lliu Equinoctial in Autumne, it is fecne at al hotires. And thus much haue I gathered owte of the 
 commentaries of Landinus vppon the fourth boke of Virgyl his Eneades, bycaufe I wold defraude no man of 
 his traua)le. I fawe the fayd raynebowe twoo or three tyn.es. And not I onely, but alfo many otlier which 
 were in my coompany. Lykewyfe wee fa\\ the newe moone the felfe fame day that (hee ioyned with the 
 foonne. Wee fawe furthermore vai)Ours and burnynge flames fl)inge abowt heauen' eucry nyght A lyttle 
 before, I cauled this countrey by the name of Hemifpherium (that is) the halfe fphere. Which neucrtheleffe 
 can not bee fo named but by fi)ekynge improperlie in comparylbn of owres. Yet forafmuche as it feemeth to 
 reprefcnt fuche a forme, I haue imiiroperlye fo named it. 
 
 Departynge therfore from Lilbona (as I haue fayde) beinge from the Equinoctiall line towarde the North 
 abowt. xl. [forty] degrees, wee fayled to this countrey whiche is beyonde the Equinoctiall. 1. [fifty] degrees: All 
 which fumme, maketh the number of. Ixxxx. [ninety] beinge the fourth part of the greatea circle accordynge 
 to the trewe reafon of the number tawght by the owlde autours. And by this demonRration it is manifeft 
 that wee meafured the fourth parte of the 
 
 worldc: Forafmuch as we that dwell in Lif- Of ZEKijKJ 
 
 ona on this fyde the Flquinoctial line abowt. 
 xl. [forty] degrees towarde the Northe, foyled 
 from thenfe. Ixxxx. [ninety] degrees in lengthe 
 meridionale angularly by an ouerthwart line, 
 to th[e]inhabitantes. 1. [fifty] degrees beyond 
 the Eciuinoctiall. And that the thynge may 
 bee more playnely vnderdode, imagine a 
 parpendicu'.ar line to faule from the jjoyntes 
 of heauen which are Zenith (that is the 
 pricke ouer the head) to vs both flandynge 
 vpryght in the places of owre owne habita- 
 cions : and another ryght line to bee drawne 
 frome owre Zenith to theyrs: Then graunt- 
 ynge vs to bee in the ryght line in com- 
 ])aryfon to them, it mud of neceffitie folowe 
 that they are in the ouerthwart line as halfe 
 Antipodes in comparyfon to vs: In fuche 
 forte that the figure of the fayde lines make 
 a triangle which is the quarter or fourth 
 parte of the hole circle, as appeareth more 
 playnely by the fygure here folowynge. 
 
 S touchyng the ftarres and reafons of Cofmographie, I haue gathered thus 
 much owt of the vyage of Americus Vefputius. And haue thought good 
 to ioync hereunto that whiche Andreas de Corfali writeth in his vyage 
 to Kaft India as concernynge the fame Uiatter. 
 
 After that we departed from Lifbona, wee fayled euer with profperous wynde, not 
 pafTynge owt of the Southeafl and Southwefl. And paffyng beyonde the Eciuinoctial line, 
 we were in the hcyght of. 37. degrees of the other halfe circle of the earth. And trauerfynge the cape of Bona 
 Speranza a coulde and wyiidy clime bycaufe at that tynie the foonne was in the north fignes, wee founde the 
 nyght of xiiii. houres. Here we fawe a marucylous order of flarres, fo that in the parte of heauen contrary 
 to owre northe pole, to knowe in what place and degree the fouth pole was, we tooke the day with the foonne, 
 and obfcrued the nyght with the Aflrolabie, and fawe manifeflly twoo clowdes of reafonable bygnefle mou- 
 ynge abowt the place of the pole continually nowe ryfynge and nowe fliulynge, fo keepynge theyr continuall 
 courfe in circular mouynge, with a Rarre euer in the myddefl. which is turned abowt with them abowte. xi. 
 degrees frome the pole. Aboue thefe appeareth a marueylous crofle in tiie myddefl of fyue notable darres 
 which compafie it abowt (as doth charles wayne the northe pole) with other darres whiche moue with them 
 abowt. XXX. [thirty] degrees didant from the pole, and make their courfe in. xxiiii. [twenty-four] houres. 
 This crofie is fo fayre and bewtiful, that none other heuenly gne may b^ compared to it as may appeare by 
 this fygure. 
 
 The newe mone. 
 Fyery exhalations. 
 Hemispherium. 
 
 Li.sbona« 
 
 The fowrth part of 
 the worlde. 
 
 247 
 
 Ztnifh, 
 
 The vyape of 
 
 Andreas de 
 
 Corsali. 
 
 The Equinoctial 
 
 line. 
 
 Cap. de Sperama. 
 
 The starres of the 
 vnder hemisphehe. 
 
 Cloudes abowt the 
 south pole. 
 
 A crosM of fyuo 
 starres. 
 
 h 
 
 
 I! 
 
 V 
 
 I'l 
 
 ■4 
 

 i ■ ' ! 
 
 \■^i 
 
 280 
 
 0/ the pole Anfartike. 
 
 248 
 
 The coaster: of 
 tihiupe. 
 
 Guide Ml Kiliiopc. 
 
 'J'lie vynge of 
 
 Alnisius 
 
 Cad.iiniistus. 
 
 The chnriote of 
 tiic suiith pule. 
 
 \ a\ 
 
 The wynter almwt 
 
 I he FIijuinuL'tiall. 
 Itaine and clowdus. 
 
 Thunder and 
 lyghtnyngc. 
 
 Hot sho\vrcs of 
 rune. 
 
 The day, antl 
 r^-syiijji- of the 
 soonnc. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 l&ctijcttoStnbjtas oeiCoitaU* 
 
 F the lykc matters, and of the flraunge ryfyngc of the foonne in the 
 moniynge, and of the dyuers feafons of tlie yeare and motions of the 
 Klementes in the coafte of Ethiope ahowt the ryuer of Senega, and the 
 riche region of Gambra Avhere plentie of golde is founde, fumewhat 
 beyonde Capo Verde, Aloifius Cadamuflus wrjteth in this effecte. 
 
 Diirynge the tyme thai wee remayned vppon the mouth of the r)'uer, we fawe tlic 
 north Rarre but once: which appeied very lowe aboue the fea the height of a iauelen. 
 We faw alfo fyxe cleare, bryght, and great (lanes ver)'e lowe aboue the fea. And confiderynge theyr Rations 
 with owrc coonipafle, we founde them to Rande ryght fouth, fygured in this maner. 
 
 * 
 # # # * 
 
 E iudgcd them to bee the charlotte or waync of the foutli ; But we fawe not the principall 
 Rarre, as we coulde not by good rcafon, except we Ruild firR lofe the fyght of the north pole. 
 In this place wee founde the nyght of the length of a. xi. houres and a halfe: And the day 
 of. xii. houres and a halfe at the begynnynge of luly. This countrey is euer hotte al times 
 of the yeare. Yet is there a certeyne varietie which they caidc wynter. For from the 
 moneth of luly to October, it rayneth continually in maner dayly abowt none after this forte. 
 There ryfe continually certeyne clowdcs aboue the lande bctwene the northeaR and the 
 fouth call, or from the eaR and foutheaR with greate thundcrynge and lyghtnyngc and cxcead- 
 ynge great Riowers of raine At this tyme the Ethiopians begynne to fowe theyr fcedes. They lyue commonly 
 with hony, herbes, rootes, flefflie, and mylke. I had alfo intelligence that in this region by reafon of the great 
 heate of the ayer, the wator that raineth is hotte : And that the foonne r)'fynge in the mornynge, makethe no 
 cleare daylyght as it dooth with vs: But that halfe an houre after the ryfynge, it appeareth troubeled, dynime 
 and fmoky. The whiche thynge, I knowe not to proceade of any other caufe then of the loweneflc of the 
 groundc in this contrey beinge without niountaynes. 
 
28 1 
 
 [The Third English book on America, 
 
 Which is also 
 
 The First English Collection of Voyages, Traffics, & Discoveries. 
 
 Cftr ©ecairrjS nt tlir netot toortlre nv toesJt Iniria, tit. 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 ^T1 
 
 H 
 
 ti fi 
 
 1 
 
 Cf Moscovy, Cathay, and 
 the North Regions, 
 
 1500-1555.] 
 
 . I 
 
 1 
 
 
 iii 
 
 m\ 
 
V ' , 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 : 1 
 
 f [Im 
 
 e ' 
 
 pi' 
 
 1 ■■ •' 
 
 T 
 
 ^lii 
 
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 n. 
 
 
 mi 1 
 
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 Mi i f; 
 
 :!•■;!• 
 
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 ■ • fii if 
 
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 283 
 
 CA DISCOVRSE OF DYVERS 
 
 WAGES AND WAVES BY THE WHICHE 
 
 SPICES, PRECIOUS STONES, AND GOLDE WERE BROUGHT IN OVVLbi'L 
 
 tyme from India into Europe and other partes of the world. 
 
 ALSO OF THE WAGE TO CATHAY AND EAST INDIA 
 
 by the north fca : And of certeync fecreates touchynge the fame vyagc, 
 
 declared by the duke of Mofcouie his ambaffadoure to an excellent 
 
 lerned gentelman of Italic, named Galeatius Butrigarius. 
 
 Lykewyfe of the vyages of that woorthy owide man 
 
 Sebaftian Cabote, yet liuynge in Englande, and at this 
 
 prefcnt the gouernour of the coompany of the 
 
 marchantcs of Cathay in the citie of London. 
 
 T is doubtlefle a marueylous thynge to confyder what chaiinges and 
 alterations were caiifed in all the Romane Empire by the com- 
 mynge of the Gothes and Vandalcs, and other Barbarians into 
 Italy. For by theyr inuafions were extingiiyflied all artes and 
 fciences, and all trades of Marchaundies that were vfcd in dyuers 
 partes of the worlde. The defolation and ignoraunce which 
 infued hereof, continued as it were a clowde of perpetuall darke- 
 nefle amonge men for the fpace of foure hundreth yeares and more, 
 in fo much that none durfl aduenture to go any whyther owt of 
 theyr owne natiue countreys: whereas before th[e]incuriions of 
 the fayde Barb.arians when the Romane Empire floryfllied, they 
 might fafly paffe the feas to al partes of Ead India which was 
 at that time as wel knowen and frequented as it is nowe by the 
 nauigations of the Portugales. And that this is trcwe, it is mani- 
 fefl by that which Strabo wryteth, who was in the tyme of 
 Auguflus and Tiberius. For fpeakynge of the greatnelTe and 
 ryches of the citie of Alexandria in Egypte (goucrned then as a 
 prouince of the Romanes) he wryteth thus. This only place of Egypte, is apte to receaue all thynges that 
 coome by fea, by reafon of the commoditie of the hauen : And lykewyfe all fuch thynges as are brought by lande, 
 by reafon of the ryuer of Nilus wherby they may bee eafely conueyd m \lexandria, beinge by thefe commodi- 
 ties the rycheft citie of marchauntes that is in the worlde. 
 
 The rcucnues of Egypt are fo great, that Marcus Tullius fayth in one of his orations, that kynge Tolomeus 
 furnanied Auleta, the father of queene Cleopatra, had of reuenues twelue thoufande and fyue hundreth talentes, 
 which arc feuen millions and a halfe in golde. If therfore this kyng had fo great reuenues when Egypt was 
 gouerned of fo fewe and fo negligently, what myght it then bee woorth to the Romanes by whom it was gouerned 
 with great diligence, and theyr trade of marchandies greatly increafed by the trafliKe of Trogloditica and India ? 
 wheras in tyme pade there could hardly bee founde. xx. fliyppes togyther that durde enter into the goulfe of 
 
 283 
 
 249 
 
 The romainc 
 eiiipyrc. 
 
 iiii. hundreth 
 yeares nf 
 ifinuraunce. 
 
 E.iste Indi.i well 
 kiuiwcn ill uwld 
 time. 
 
 Strabo. 
 
 The Rrcat rychesse 
 
 of Kgiptc. 
 
 The cilic of 
 Alexandria. 
 
 Marueylous 
 rychesse. 
 
 The gouemaunce 
 I and reuenues of 
 I the Romans. 
 
 Trogloditica 
 and India. 
 
 n 
 
 
 II 
 
r^^ 
 
 lij 
 
 t ^i 
 
 284 
 
 The ^Dulfu of 
 
 Ethiop«. 
 
 Kich customs 
 
 The ryrhe^M 
 which were 
 brought in nwMe 
 lyinc from Iruli.l. 
 and the red xea. 
 The cointnisHion of 
 Th(;te]inperolir5 
 Marcus and 
 Coiumodus. 
 
 250 
 
 The creat riches 
 th** kyn>;e5 of 
 K>:ipic had by 
 customes. 
 The noble 
 enterprises of the 
 kinges of Kgyptc. 
 Arsinoe. 
 Damiata. 
 Pelusto. 
 
 Niltu. 
 Copta 
 Berenice. 
 
 A nauieable 
 trensh made from 
 Kgyptc to the red 
 sea 
 
 Lacus Amaru 
 
 Kynge Sesostre 
 
 Kynge 
 j'sammiticu.i. 
 
 Kyng Darius 
 
 Kynge Ptolomens. 
 
 The citie Heroum. 
 
 \^'hat Plynye 
 writcth of the 
 nauigable trenche 
 
 The larcenesse 
 and lengthe of the 
 trenche. 
 
 251 
 
 Of Mo/couic and Cathay, 
 
 Aral)ie, or flicwc tlieyr proos withow t tlic inniith of the Himc. Hut at this prcfcnt, great nauics fayle tog)ther in 
 to India and to the fiirllicll partes of Mihiopc from wlicnfi.' arc i)r()nj;lu many ryih and precious man hamhes 
 into I''.j;ipt and are caryeil from thenfe into other coiintreys. And l)y this meanes arc tlie cuflomes redoubelcd 
 afwell hy fuehc thynj^cs as arc brought thyther, as alfo i)y fuchc as arc earyed fromc thenfe, forafniuthc as grcatc 
 cullomes arryfc of thynges of great vahic. And that by this vyage, infinite and precious marchaundies' 
 brought from the retldc fea and India, and tliofe of dyuers other fortes then arc knowen in owre t; 1. 
 
 apjieareth by the fourthe vohime f)f the riuile lawe wherin is defcribeil the commilllon of 'rh[e]enipcrours ^^. ais 
 and Commochis, with the rehearfall of all fuche fluffe and marchanthes wherof cullomc fliuid bee paydc in the 
 redde fea by fuch as had the fame in fee ferme, as were paydc the cullomes of all other prouitices pertcynynge 
 to tiie Komane Kmpyrc : and they arc thefe folowynge. 
 
 Cmamonie. 
 
 I.onge jiepper. 
 
 ^Vhytc pepper. 
 
 Cioues, 
 
 Collus. 
 
 Cancamo. 
 
 Spiiienarde. 
 
 Caffia. 
 
 Swccte perfumes. 
 
 Xilocaffia. 
 
 Mir. 
 
 Amome. 
 
 Ciinger. 
 
 Malabatrum. 
 
 Ammoniac. 
 
 Galbane. 
 
 LalTer. 
 
 Agarikc. 
 
 Gummc of Arabic. 
 
 Cardamome. 
 
 Xilocinamome. Jewels of Sardonica. Dyed cloth and fylkc 
 
 Carpefio. Ceraunia. Carbafei. 
 
 Sylkcs of dyuers fortes. Calamus Aroniaticus. Sylke thrcedc. 
 
 Cloth of Sarmatia. 
 The fylkc cauled 
 
 Mctaxa. 
 Veftures of fylke. 
 le and of the heare of the Indians. 
 
 Gelded men. 
 
 Popingiayes. 
 
 Lions of India. 
 
 I.eopardes. 
 
 Panthers. 
 
 Purple. 
 
 I.innen cloth. lierille. 
 
 Skynnes and furres of Cilindro. 
 Parthiaand Babilon. Slaues. 
 
 luery. 
 
 Woddc of Hebcn. 
 
 Precious ftones. 
 
 Perlcs. 
 Alfo that iuife or liijuour which is gathered of woUc 
 By thefe woordes it dooth appeare that in owld tyme the fayile nauigation by the way fif the redile fea, was 
 wel knowen and niuche fre(|uentcd, and pciiiappes more then it is at this ])refent. In fo much that the auncient 
 kynges of Egypt confideryng the great profyte of the cuflomes they hail by the viagcs of the red fea, and wyllyng 
 to make the fame more cafy and con)moiiious, attempted to make a foffe or chanel which fliulile begynne in the 
 lafle parte of the fayde fea, where was a citie named Arfinoe (which perhappes is that that is nowc cauled Sues) 
 and fliukle haue reached to a branche of the ryuer of Nilus named Pelufio, which emptieth it felfe in owre fea 
 towarde the Eafl abowt the citie of Damiata. They detcrmyned alfo to make three caufeis or hyghe wayes by 
 lande, which fliuldc paffe from the (iiyde braunche to the citie of Arfinoe: but they founde this to dilhculte to 
 brynge to paffe. In fine, kynge Tolomcus furnamcd Philadelphus, ordeyned an other way: as to fayle vppon 
 Nilus ageynfl the courfe of the ryuer vnto the citie of Cojjto, and from thenfe to [lafle by a defert' ountrey 
 vntyll they coome aboue the redde fea to a citie named Berenice or Miofomio, where they inibar' ' theyr 
 
 marchaundies and wares for India, Ethiope, and Arabic, as appeareth by the wr)'tynge fyrfl of 'who 
 
 wryteth that he was in Egypte) and then by I'linie who was in the tyme of Domitian. Strabo alfo ij-waKing of 
 the fayd foffe or trench which was made toward the reil fea, wryteth thus. 
 
 There is a trenche that goth towanlc the red fea and the goulfc of Arabic, and to the citie of Arfinoe, which 
 fum caul Cleop.ttrida: and ])alTeth by the lakes named Amari (that is) bitter, bicaufe in decde they were fyrfl 
 bytter. But after that this trenche was made and the ryuer entered in, they became fweete, and are at this 
 prefent full of foules of the water by reafon of theyr pleafauntneffe. This trenche was fyrfl begun by kynge 
 Sefoflre, before the battayle of Troy. Sum fa)e that it was begunne by kynge Plammiticus whyle he was a chylde: 
 And that by reafon of his death, it was lefte imperfect: Alfo that afterwarde, kynge Darius fucceded in the 
 fame enterjiryfe, who wold haue finiffiied it, but yet brought it not to th[e]ende bycaufe he was informed that 
 the retldc fea was hygher then Egypt : And that if this lande diuydynge bothe the feas, were opened, all Egypte 
 fhulde bee drowned thereby. Kynge Tolomeus wold in decde haue finyflied it: but yet left it fhut at the hed 
 that he myght when he wolde, fayle to the otl;jr fea and returnc withowt perell. Here is the citie of Arfinoe: 
 And nere vnto that, the citie cauled Heroum in the vttermod part of the goulfe of Arabic toward Egipt with 
 many portes and habitacions. Plinie likewyfe fpcakynge of this trench, fayth. In the furthefl part of the goulfe 
 of Arabic, is a porte cauled Danco, from whenfe they detcrmyned to brynge a nauigable trench vnto the ryuer of 
 Nilus, where as is the fyrfl Delta. Betwene the fayde fea and Nilus, there is a flrcight of lande of the length of. Ixii. 
 [fixty-two] myles. The firfl that attempted this thy nge, was Sefoflre kynge of Egypte : and after hyni Darius kynge of 
 the Perfians, whome Tolomeus folowed, who made a trenche a hundreth foote large, and. xxx. [thirty] foote diepe, 
 beinge three hundreth myles in lengthe vnto the lakes named Amari, and durfle proceade no further for feare of 
 inundation, hauynge knoweleage that the redde fea was hygher by three cubites then al the countrey 
 of Egypt. Other fay that this was not the caufe ; but that he doubted that yf he fliuldc haue let the fea 
 coome any further, all the water of Nilus fliuldc haue byn therby corrupted, which oncly mynyflreth drynkc to 
 all Egypte. But notwithflandynge all thefe thynges aforcfayde, all this vyage is frequented by lande 
 from Egypte to the redde fea, in which paflage are three caufeis or hyghe wayes. The fyrfl begynneth at the 
 
 aS4 
 
mp«i 
 
 Of Mofcottic and Cat liny. 
 
 2S5 
 
 mouth of Niliis named IVliifio. All which way is by the faiiilcs: In fo much that if there were not ccrtcyne 
 hyghe rccdcs fyxt in the earth to fliewe the ryght way, the caufei coulclc not be founde by rcafon the wyndc 
 cuer coiicreth it with f inde. 'i'he fecond (:;iiifLi is two niyles Ironi the nioiint.iynu CmIVuis. And r^ns >dfo in th[o]- 
 ende of. Ix. [fixtyj niylcs, comnieth vppon tlie way or raiifiy of rehifiiis, inliabited witli certcyiie Arabians raided 
 Antei. The thyrde begynnctii at (Jerro, named Adipfon: and iiarfeth by tlie fame Arabians, for the fpace of h, 
 [fixty] myles fiiinwiiat fliorter, but full of rowgh mountaynes and great fcarfeneffe of water. .All ihcfc 1 aiifcis, leadc 
 the way to the citie of Arlmoe, buylded by 'I'olonieus I'hiladelplius in the goulfe Carandra by the red lea. This 
 I'tolomeus was the fyrfl that fearched al that parte of the red fea which is cauled Troglodiiica. Of this trenche 
 defcribeil of .'^trabo antl I'linie, there are feene certeyne tokens reinaynynge at this prefent as they aflinne which 
 haue byn at Sues beyonde the citie of Alcayr olherwyfe cauled liabylon in Kgypte. liut the niarcha\intes that 
 of later dayes trauayle this viage by lande, ryde through the dry and baren defertes on camels both by day and 
 by nyght: directynge theyr way by the (larres and compafe as do maryners on the fea, anil caryinge with them 
 water fulVicient fcir many dayes iorneys. The i)laces of .Arabic and India named of Strabo and I'linie, are the 
 felfe fame where the I'ortugales ])ractife theyr trade at thisdaye, as the nianers and cuflomes of the Indians doo 
 yet declare. For euen at this prefente theyr women vfe to burne Iheyni felues alyue with the deade bodies of 
 theyr hufljandes. Which thynge (as wrytelh Strabo in his. xv. booke) they dyd ''n owlde tyme by a lawe, for 
 this confideration that fumtyme being in loue with other they forfooke or poyfonetl theyr hufljandes. And 
 forafmuch as accordynge to this cuilonie, the owlde poete I'ropertius (who lyued abowt a hundreth yeares before 
 th[e]incarnation of Chryfl) hath in his boke made mention of the contention that was anionge the Indian 
 women which of them (liulil bee burned aliue with theyr hufbandes, I haue thought ^''od to fubfcribe his 
 verfcs, which are thefe, 
 
 Fielix Fois lexfiineris vna maritis, 
 
 Qiifls aurora f 11 is rubra cohrat equis. 
 
 J\fam(;iie rhi mortifiro uiHa rjl fax rllima IiHo, 
 I'xorum ftiis jUit pia lurba com is, 
 
 Et cerlamen habcitt Ict/ii, qute viuaj equal ur 
 Coniui^iiim, pudor fjl iion licuifsc iiwri. 
 
 Ardent viHrices, et Jiamiinc peHora pricbeut, 
 Jmpoiiuiitijue/uis ora penijla viris. 
 
 As toucliynge thcfe vyagcs both by fc i and by lande to Eaft India and Cathay, many 
 thynges are wrytten very largely by dyuers aiitours which I omytte bycaufe they 
 perteyne not fo much vnto v.s as doth the viage attempted to CATMAY by the north 
 feas and the coaftes of Mofcouia difcouered in owre tyme by the viage of that excellent 
 yonge man Rychard Chaunceler no leffe lerned in all mathematicall fciences then an 
 expert pylotte, in the yeare of owre lorde. 1554. 
 
 As concernynge this vyage, I haue thought good to declare the communication which was betwene the 
 fayde learned man Galeatius liutrigarius, and that great philofopher and noble gentelman of Italic named 
 Hieronimus Fracallor as I fyntle wrytten in the Italian hyftories of nauigations. As they were therfore con- 
 ferrynge in matters of learnynge, and reafonynge of the fcience of Cofmograi)hi, the fayde lerned man liauynge 
 in his hande an inflrument of ARrononiie, declared with a large oration howe muche the worlde was bounde 
 to the kynges of Portugale, rehcarfynge the noble factes doone by them in India, and what landes and Ilandes 
 they had difcouered, and how by theyr nauigations they made the whole worlde hange in the ayer. He further 
 declared what parts of the haul of the earth remained yet vndifcoucrcd. And fayde that of the landes of the 
 inferior hemifpherie or halfe compafe of the baule towarde the pole Antartike, there was nothynge knowen but 
 that lyttle of the coafle of Brafilia vnto the Rreight of Magellanus. Alfo a part of Peru: And a lyltle aboue 
 Affrike towarde the cape of Bona Speranza. Alfo that he marueyled withowte meafure that this thynge was no 
 better confidered of Chridian Princes to whom god had deputed this charge, hauyng euer on theyr counfail 
 men of great lernynge which may informe them of this thing beinge fo marueylous and noble whereby they 
 maye obteyne glorie and fame by vertue, and bee imputed amonge men as goddes, by better demerites then 
 euer were Hercules and great Alexander who trauayled only into India: and that by niakynge the men of this 
 owre hemifpherie knowen to theym of the other halfe compafe of the baule beneth vs, they might by the tytle 
 of this enterpryfe, withowt comparyfon farre excell all the noble factes that euer were doone by Julius Cefar or 
 any other of the Romane Emperours. Which thynge they niyght eafely brynge to pafTe by aflignynge colonies 
 to inhabite dyuers places of that hemifpherie, in lyke nianer as dyd the Romanes in prouinces newely fubdued. 
 Whereby they myght not only obteyne great ryches, but alfo inlarge the Chriuian fayth and Empire to the 
 glory of god and confufion of infidels. After this, he fpake of the llai.de of fayn Laurence, cauled in owlde 
 
 The viage hi Innde 
 from Kgypte tu 
 the revi wa. 
 
 Wh.it kynfte 
 
 PlolnriKUS 
 
 diiiCuui.T<;>L 
 
 Alcnyre. 
 Tlie vi.iRe to 
 Kastc liuiy;» 
 rrec|iienteu in 
 owldt* tyiiic. 
 'I'lie custnmi;* .TnJ 
 liLincr-i uf the 
 Inilyuiut. 
 
 The vy^ge to 
 Cith.iy. 
 
 Rychartle 
 ClKiiitH-clcr. 
 
 A lerned discourse 
 
 of dyut-Tb vyage» 
 
 The vigrtRes of tlie 
 
 Purtiig.ilcs. 
 
 The worlde 
 
 hangynge on the 
 
 ayer. 
 
 What is Icnowcn 
 
 of the IiiwLT 
 
 hcini^plK-rie. 
 
 The hmdc of 
 
 Brasile. 
 
 PenL 
 
 The charge and 
 
 dewtie of Christian 
 
 princes. 
 
 Note. 
 
 252 
 
 Horciilcs and 
 Alexander. 
 
 The colonies of 
 the Romans in 
 regions subdued- 
 
 The gre.it Ilami 
 of saynl Laurence 
 or Niad.igasc;.r. 
 
 A 
 
 iiif! 
 
 ^?'ii 
 
 H 
 
 ^ U 
 
 m 
 
286 
 
 Of Mofcouic and Cathay. 
 
 : I 
 
 !»' f 
 
 The TIanJes of 
 
 Taprobana or 
 Giaiia. 
 
 Plinie. 
 
 The hysioric of 
 Cornelius Nupus. 
 
 Shyps of India 
 driuen intu the sea 
 of Ocrniauie. 
 
 An enterprise 
 wherby Princes 
 may obteync trcwe 
 fame and ^tury. 
 Cathay discoiicred 
 bi Marcus I'auhis. 
 
 The citic of 
 Lubykc. 
 
 The kyng of 
 Polonic. 
 
 The duke of 
 
 Mu&couia. 
 
 An ambnsiadour 
 from the duke uf 
 Muscuuia. 
 
 253 
 
 The woorJcs of 
 th[e J.xmbassadour 
 of Aluscjuia. 
 
 The way from 
 
 Moscoiiia to the 
 
 north Ocean and 
 
 Cathay. 
 
 Volochda. 
 
 Vsting. 
 
 Succaiia, 
 
 Duioa. 
 
 Colmogor. 
 
 The north Ocean. 
 Create wouddcs. 
 
 Gottilande. 
 
 The Mosrnuitcs 
 hauc kM()wli!ai;c of 
 the grcnte caiic 
 Calhay. 
 
 Pertnix 
 ricscora. 
 Catena intmdi. 
 
 tyme Madagafcar, wliich is greater then the reahne of Callile and Portugale, and reachcthe rrom the. xii. degree 
 towarde the jiole Antartike, vnto the. xxvi. degree and a halfe, lyinge Northeafle frorae the cape of Bona 
 Speranzp and partly vnder the line of Tropicus Ca])ricorni ; beinge well inhabited and of temperate ayer, with 
 abundauncc of all thynges neceffarie for the lyfe of man, and one of the mofl, excellent Ilandes that is foundc 
 this daye in the worlde : And that neuerthelelTe there is nothyngc knowen therof, except only a fewe fmaule 
 hauens by the fea fide, as the lyke ignorance remayneth of the grcatefl part of the Ilantles of Taprobana, Giaua 
 the more and the leffe, and infinite other. Then begynninge to fpeake of the partes of owre pole, he caufed 
 the bookes of plinie to bee brought him where diligentely jjonderynge th',-. Ix . li. cliapiture of the feconde booke, 
 he founde where he rcherfeth the hidorie of Cornelius Nepos, by thefe woordes : That in his tyme, one 
 Eiidoxus efcapynge the handes ot' kynge Lathyro, departed from the goulfe of Arabic and came by fea to the 
 Ilande of Calefe. Declarynge further, that wlicreas this narration was many yeares reputed for a fable, was 
 nowe in owre tyme by the vertue of the Portugales, knowen to bee trewc : And that lykewyfe the fame 
 Cornelius Nepos recitethe that at the tyme when Qui-itus Metellus Celer was proconful or lieuetenant for the 
 Romans in Fraunce, the kynge of Sueuia gaue hym certeyne Indians which faylinge owt of India for marchan- 
 dies, were by tempell dryuen to the coafles of Germanic. When he had redde thefe woordes, he proceaded, 
 fayinge that the fame thyngc myght bee verified nowe in owr tyme if the princes which confine vppon that fea 
 wolde endeuoure theyr induftry and diligence to brynge it to palTe. And that there coulde not any nauigation 
 bee imagined fo commodious and profitable to all Chriflendoome as this myght bee yf by this way the vyage 
 fluilde bee founde open to India to come to the rych contrey of C.VTHAY which was difcouered now two 
 hundreth yeares fence by Marcus Paulus. Then taking the globe in his hande, he made demonflration that 
 this vyage fliulde bee very fliorte in refi)ect of that which the Portugales nowe folowe, and alfo of that which 
 the Spanyardes may attempte to the Ilandes of Moluca. He declared furthermore that the citie of Lubyke 
 bein-^e rych and of great poure, and fituate vppon the fea of Germanic, and alfo accuflomed with continuall 
 nauigations to trauayle the fea of Norwaye and Gothlande, and lykewyfe the ryght noble kynge of Polonic 
 Vthcff dominions with his reaime of Lituania, extende to the fayde fea, fluilde be apte to difcouer this fecreate: 
 But tliat aboue all other, the duke of Mofcouia, fliulde performe the fame with greater commoditie and more 
 facilitie then uny other Prince. And here fleyinge n. v.byle, he began to fjjeake ageyne and fayde. Nowe 
 forafmuch as we are roome to this nnOe, uiee thynke it fliulde feeme a great difcurtefie if I fliuld not fliewe 
 yowe all that I knowe as touciiyngo this vyage, wherof I greaJ.y mufed with my felfe many yeares by occafion 
 of the woortles of Plinie. Whereas therefore beinge a younge man, I was in Gemianie in the citie of Augufla, 
 it fo chaunfed that in thofe dayes there came thyther an ambafadour of the duke of Mofcouia, a man fingulariy 
 learned both in the Gree^.e toonge and the Latine, and of good experience in worldely thynges, hauying byn 
 fent to dyucrs places by the fayde Prince, and one of his counfayle. Of whofe learnyng beinge aduertifcd, I 
 fuughc his ac(iuayntaunce. And talkynge with hym one day of thefe Indians dryuen by fort'me to the coafles of 
 Germanic, and of the vyage that myght bee difcouered by the North fea to the Ilandes of fpices, I perceaued 
 that at the fyrlle he marueylcd exceadyngely, as at a thynge that he coulde neuer haue imagined. But reflynge a 
 whyle in maner adonyfllied in his fecreate phanlafie, he toke great pleafure thorin, and fayde. Forafmuch as 
 the Portugales haue nowe compafed abowt all the ibuth partes fuppofed in owlde tyme to bee inacceffable by 
 reafon of great heate, why fliuKle wee not certeinely thynke that the lyke maye bee done abowt this parte of the 
 nortli withowt feare of coulde, efi)ecially to men borne and brought vj) in that clime ? Yet procedyng further, 
 he faid, that if his Prince and mader, had men that wolde animate hym to difcouer this vyage, there was no 
 Prince in Chrin.endome that myi^nt do it with more facilitie. Then caulypge for a mappe in which was the 
 defcription of Mofcouia and the prouinces fubiecte to the fame, he declareil th,\t from the citie of Mofcouia or 
 Mofca going towarde the northeall for the fpace of. Ix. [fixty] niyles, they come to tiie ryucr of Volochda and after- 
 warde by that, and folowyng the courfe therof, to the citie of Vfliug, fo cauled bycaufe the ryuer of lug fauleth 
 into the ryuer of Succana, where they lofe theyr owne names and make the great ryuer Duina : And by that, 
 leauyng on the ryght hande the citie of Colmoiror, they fayle vnto the north Ocean. The which waye, althoughe 
 it bee a longe tracte, as more then. 800. mylcs, neuerthelenfe he fayde that in fommer it myght coraniodioufly 
 bee fayled : And that whcras it fauleth into tl'.e fea, there are infinite woods of goodly trees apte to make fliyppes. 
 And the jilace fo conuenient for this purpofe, that fliipwryghtes and other (kylful workemen for all thynges 
 hereunto appcrteynynge, may eafely coome owt of Gemianie. Alfo that the men which are vfed to trauayle the 
 fea of Gemianie abowte tne coafles of Gclhlande, nuilde bee bed and mod apte to attempte this enterpryfe, 
 bycaufe they arc indurate to ahyde coulde, hunger, and laboure. He fayde furthermore, that in the court of his 
 Prince, they liaue much knowleage of th'^ great cane of Cathay, by reafon of the continuall warres they haue 
 with the Tartars, of whom the greated part gyue obedience to the faid great Cane as to the)T chiefe Emperoure. 
 He made alfo demondration in the fayde cirde by the northeade, that beinge pade the prouince of Permia and 
 the ryucr Pefcora (whiche fauleth into the orth fea) and certeyne mountaynes named Catena Mundi, there is 
 
 a66 
 
 ill 
 
Of Mofcouie and Cathay. 
 
 2i'q 
 
 th[e]enteraunce into the proiiince of obdora, wlicreas is Vecdiiadoro and the ryuer Obo, whichc alfo faiileth 
 into the fayd foa, and is the furthcfl borther of 'I'h[e]eni[iirc of tlie I'rince of Mofcoiiia. 'I'iie fayde ryiier hath 
 his originall in a great lake cauled Chethai, which is the fyrfle habitacion of the Tartars tJMt payc tribute to the 
 grcate Cane. And from tliis lake for the fjjace of two nioncthes vyage (as they were ciedably informed by 
 certeine Tartarcs taken in the warres) is the mofl noble citie of Cambaln, beinge one of the 'jhlefefl in the do- 
 minion of the greate Cane, whom fiim caule the great Cham. Healfoaflimicd, that if fliijipes fliulde bee made 
 en the coafles of the fayde fea, and fayle on the backe halfe of the toafl therof (which he knewc by many 
 relations made to his I'rince, to reach infinitely toward the northeafl) they fluilde doubteluffe in folowynge the 
 fame, eafely difcouer that countrey. Vnto thefe woordes he added, that although there were greate dilliciiltie 
 in Mofcouia, by reafon that the waye to the fayde fea is full of thicke wooddes and waters which in the fonuner 
 make great maryflhes and inipoffible to bee trauayled, afsvell for lacke of vyttayles whiche can not tliei-e bee 
 f unde, not for certeyne dayes, but for the fpace of certeyne monethcs, the place beinge defolate withowt 
 inhabltaunies, neucrtheleffe he fayde that yf there were with his Prince, only two Sjianyardes oi Portugales to 
 whome the charge of this vyage fliulde bee commytted, he no wayes doubted but that they wolde foloue it and 
 lynde it, forufnnich as with great ingenioufni. 'V and incdimable pacience, thefe nations haue ouercome mu< h 
 greater difficulties then are thefe which are but lyttle in comparifon to thofe that they haue ouerpafled and doo 
 ouerpafie in all theyr viages to India. He proceaded declaryngc that not many yeares fence, there came to the 
 courte of his I'rince, an ambalTadour frome pope Leo, named mailer i'aulo Ccnturione a Genuefe vnder dyuers 
 pretenfes. But the principall occafion of hi:: commynge, was, bycaufe he hadde conceaucd greate indignation 
 and hatred ageynfl the Portugales: And therfore intended to proue yf he coulde open anye vyage by lande 
 whereby f|)ices myght bee brought from India by the lande of Tartaria, or by the fea Cafpium (othenvyfe cauled 
 Ilircanum) to Mofcouia; And from thenfe to bee brought in fliippcs by the ryuer Riga, whiche runnynge by 
 the countrey of Liuonia, fauleth into the fea of Germanic. And that his Prince gaue eare vnto hym : and caufed 
 the fayde viage to bee attcnipted by certeine noble men of Lordo, of the Tartars confininge nexte vnto hym. 
 But the warres whichc were then betwene them, and the grca.» defertes which they finilde of neccffitie ouerpaffe, 
 made them leaue of theyr cnterjiryfe: which if it had bin purpofed by the coafles of this owre north fea, it mjght 
 haue byn eafely fynyflied. The fayde AmbafTadour continued his narration, fayinge that no man ought to 
 double of that fea but that it may bee fayled fyxe monethes in the ycare, forafniuch as the d;iys are then very 
 longe in that clime, and hot b^ reafon of contynuall reuer' eration of the beanies of the f(jonne and fliorte 
 nyghtes. And that this thynge were as well woorthy to bee proued, as any other nauigation whcrby many 
 partes of the worlde heretofore vnknowcn, haue byn difcouered and brought to ciuilitie. And here niakynge an 
 cnde of this talke, he faid : Let vs nowe oniytte this jiarte of Mofcouia will; his coulde, and fi)eake fumwhat of that 
 parte of the newe worlde in whiche is the lande of Prytons caiilcil Terra Briton iini,a.w\ Paccaleosor Tirni Ihiua- 
 kartim, where in the yo;ire. 1534. and. 1535. Ia(|ues Cartiar in two vyages made with three great French gallics, 
 founil'" the great and large countrcys named Canada, Ochelaga, and .Sanguenai ; which reach from the. xl v. [forty-fifth] 
 to the. li. [fifty-fud] degree, beinge well inhabited and pleafaunte countreys.and named by hym NouaFrancia. And 
 here lleyinge a while and lyftynge vppe his handcs, he fayile; Oh what doo the Chriflian Princes meane that 
 in fuch landes difcouered they do not afligne certeine colonies to inhabite the fame to bringe thofe jieojile 
 (whom god hath fo blelTed .Nitli natural gyftes) to better ciuilitie and 10 cnibrafe owre religion, then the whiche, 
 nothynge can bee more acci ptable to god ? The fayd regions alfo, beinge fo fliyre and frutefull, with ])lentie of 
 all fortes of come, 'lerbes, frutes, woodde, fyfflics, beaftes, metals, and ryuers of fuel'-- greatnelVe that fliypPLS 
 nv.ye fayle iiiOie then. 180. myles vppon one of theym, beinge on bothc fydes infinitely ip'.iabited: And to caufe 
 the gouernoures of the fayde colonies to fearche whether that lande toward the northe named Terra dc Lahradcr, 
 doo ioyne as one firnie lande with Norwaye: Or whether there bee any flreight orojjcn jilacc of fea as is mofle 
 lyke there flndde bee, forafniuch as it is to bee thought that the fayde Indians dryuen by fortune abowte the 
 coafles of Norway, came by that flreyglit or fea, to the coafles of Cieinianie: And by the fajde llreight to faile 
 northweft to difcouer the landes and countrcys of C.VTH.AV, and from thenfe to fayle to the llandes of 
 Molucca. And thefe fiirely lluilde be enterijrifes able to make men immortal. The whiche thynge, that ryght 
 woorthy gentleman mader Antony di Mendoza confiderynge by the fingular vertue and magnanimitie that is in 
 hym, attempted to put this thynge in practife. For beinge viceroy of the countr','y of Mexico (fo named of the 
 grjat citie Mexico ollierwife caiiled Temillitan, nowe cauled newe.Spaync, being in the. xx. [twentieth] degree abnue 
 ihe F.iiuinoctiall, and jiarte of the fiyde firme lande), he fent cc.tevre of his ,.itaynes by lande, and alfo a n:uiie 
 of fliyjipes by fea, tr feaich this fecreato. And I remember that when I was in Flaunders in 'l'h[e]eniiierours 
 courte, I fawe his letter wryttcn in the yeare. 1541. and dated from Mexico: wherin was declared howe towardc 
 the iiorthwefl, he had I'ownd the kyngcdome of Sdti- CiUa (that is) Seuen Cities, whereas is that cauled Ciuola 
 by the reuerend father Marco da N'iza: and howe beyonde the fajde k>ngedome yet further towarde the North- 
 weft, Capitayne Francefco Vafques of Coronado, hauyngc oueqialTcd great defertes, came to the fea fyde where 
 
 01.<l,)m. 
 VccliiiiJoro. 
 
 ( >1)0. 
 
 Thf hike Chethay. 
 'I'he T:irt.irs. 
 
 T'le citie of 
 
 L'uiiikilll. 
 
 Note this secreute. 
 
 riilTicull 
 tnui.iyiyngc io 
 Mo&cuuia. 
 
 C'nmnicnfi.ition of 
 the Sp.iinardcs 
 and I'ortugatcs. 
 j 
 
 \ The hystorie of 
 ! Paiilus Ccnturio. 
 I Of this re;ulc more 
 ' at large in the 
 I joukc of Paulus 
 
 louius. 
 1 Malice may do 
 [ mure with *.iini 
 
 tlien vertue. 
 I 1 he Caspian sea. 
 Riga. 
 
 254 
 
 '\\v: Tartars o( 
 
 Ljrdo. 
 
 Desertes. 
 
 The viaj;e by the 
 
 north sea. 
 
 The wonrthynesse 
 of this vyage. 
 
 The viajjes of the 
 l''n:rn:hnien to the 
 land of iiaccdaus. 
 
 Plcniaiint 
 countrcys. 
 Xew Kravmce. 
 Apustrnphe to the 
 CiiriAlian princes. 
 
 r:reat ryuera. 
 
 A Ihytig wonrll-.y 
 to be searched. 
 
 The way to 
 Cathay and the 
 I llandi's cif .M.ilnca 
 { hy the noithwest 
 
 ! A n..l.ihlc 
 enterprysc. 
 
 The nnhle 
 cnl.Tprise of 
 AnlnnidiMen(lc7.a, 
 Viceroy of .Mexico. 
 
 The disrnuervni. 
 of tile norlhwcKt 
 partes. 
 
 ce 
 
 ill! 
 
 \ 
 
 1*8 
 
 .■i' 
 
 H'fl 
 
\vr 
 
 
 I ■- 
 
 288 
 
 0/ Mofcoiiic ami Cathay, 
 
 iMi 
 
 i| 
 
 ■'X j, - 
 
 i! ; 
 1 ■■ 
 
 ,;, (, 
 
 
 
 
 T 1 
 
 
 
 
 .1 
 
 1 
 
 ll 
 
 I' 1 
 
 
 Shyps srtylynKc 
 Inmi Cathay by 
 ihc north 
 hypcrb«jrean sea 
 to the coastcs of 
 the northwest 
 part of the lande 
 or Itaccalcos. 
 Cathay. 
 
 The sea from new 
 
 Framice or Terra 
 
 Hritonuni to 
 
 Caihay. 
 
 A notable bo< ke. 
 
 255 
 
 A (jrent nnd 
 gloriotuci' crprisc 
 
 Sebastian Cahotc 
 the >;rai)tl pvlot uf 
 the wuiit Indies. 
 
 Commendation of 
 Sebastian L'abute. 
 
 Sebastian Cabnte 
 tmiM me that he 
 w.is bonie in 
 Itrystowc, and that 
 at. iiii. yeare owld 
 he was caried 
 with his father to 
 Venice and so 
 returned aKeyne 
 into Knj^ianil with 
 his father aftLr 
 cerleyne yeares ; 
 wherby he was 
 thought to haiic 
 bin burn in Venice. 
 
 The fyrst vyaRe of 
 Sebastian Cabute. { 
 
 Tlie lande of 
 Florida. 
 
 The secondc vya^c 
 of fal ntc to the 
 land of llr.iMle, 
 and Kmj delU 
 riatx 
 
 Caltotc ;mi!d me 
 that in a 'c^ion 
 witliin ttiis ryiier 
 he sowcil I. Ihfly) 
 (trayncsofwcalt; in 
 September, and 
 
 Satheretl --« 
 ler.if .. 256 
 rfif'.yj thousand in 
 i)ei:enil)er as 
 wrvtfth also 
 Francisco l.opes. 
 
 he found certcync fliypjics which fayled by that fca with marchaiimhcs, and had in theyr baner vppon the 
 proos of thcyr Ihyppes, ccrtcyne foiiles made of goldc and fyhicr which they of Mc.vico caulc Alcatrazzi : And that 
 theyr mariners fliewed l)y fignes that they were. .\,\.\. [thirty] dayes faylynge in commynge to that haucn : wherl)y 
 he vnderP.ode that tiicfe fliijiiics could bee of none other cou'Mrey tlien of Cathay, forafmuch as it is fituate on 
 the contrary parte of the fayiie hinile chfcouered. 'J'hc fayile niaflcr Antonie wrote furtlierniore, that by the 
 opinion of men well jjractifed, there was difcouered fo greate a fi)ace of that countrey vnto the fayd fea, 
 that it parted. 950. lea(|ues, which make. ?S5o. niyles. And douhtlclTe yf the Trenihe men in this thcyr 
 newe Fraunce, wolde haue paffed by lande towarde the fayd northwefl and by north, they fliuld alfo haue founde 
 the fea wlK-rby they myght haue fayled to Cathay, lint aboue all thynges, this feemed vnto ine mofle woorthy 
 of commendation, that the fiyde mafter .\ntonie wrote i'l his letter that he had made a booke of al the natural 
 and marucylous thynges whiche they founde in fearchynge thofe countreys, with alfo the meafurcs of landes and 
 altytudes of degrees: A worke doubtlcffu which Iheweth a princely and magnificall mynde, wherby wee may 
 conceauc that yf god had gyuen hym the charge of the other hemifpherie, he wolde or nowc haue made it better 
 knowen to vs. The which thynge, I fupiujfe no man doth greatly efleenie at this time: beinge ncucrtheleffe 
 the greatcrt and niofl glorious cnterprife that may bee imagined. 
 
 And here makynge a certeyne jiaufe, and turnyngc hym felfe towarde vs, he fayde: Poo yow not vnder- 
 flandc to this |)ur[)ofe howe to jjaffe to India toward the northwcR wind, as dyd of late a citizen of Vencfe, fo 
 valiente a m;:ii, and fo well jirat tyfed in all thynges perteynynge to nauigations and the fcicnce of Cofmographie, 
 '.'.at at this prefent he hath not his lyke in Spayne, in fo much that for his vertues he is preferred aboiic all 
 other pylottes that faylc to the wefl Indies, who may not palTe th)-ther withowt his licence, and is therfore 
 cauled Pik'to Mii:^:;iorc (that is) the graiinde pylote. And when wee fayde that wee kncwe him not, he pro- 
 ce.ided, fayinge, that beinge certeyne yeares in the citie of Siuile, and defyrous to haue fiim knowleage of the 
 nauigations of the Spanyardes, it was toulde hym that there was in the citie a valient man, a Venecian borne, 
 namcil Sebaflian Cabote, who had the charge of thofe thynges, being an expert man in that fcience, and one 
 that coulde make cardes for the fea with his owne hande. And that by this reporte, feekynge his acquaintaunce, 
 he founde hym a very geiitell jjerfon, who enterteyneil hym frendly and fliewed him many thynges, and amonge 
 other a large mappe of the worlde with certcine jurtit ular nauigations afwell of the Portugales as of the Span- 
 yarde.s. And that he fpake further vnto hym, in this effecte. When my f.ither departed from Venefe many 
 yeares fence to dwell in Knglamle to folowe the trade of marchaundies, he tooke me with him to the citie of 
 I.oiulon whyle I was very yongo, yet hauynge neuerthelelTe fuin knowleage of letters of humanitie and of the 
 fphere. .'\n<l when my father dyed in tli.it tynie when newes were browght that Don Chriflopher Colonus 
 (Jenuefe, had difcouered the coalles of India, whereof was great talke in all the courte of kynge Henry the 
 feuenth who then reigned: In fo niucli th.it all men with great admiration afilrmed it to bee a thynge more 
 diuinc then humane, to fayle by the Wefte into the I',all where fpices growe, by a way that was neuer knowen 
 before. Hy which fame and reporte, there increafeil in my harte a greate llame of defyre to attempte fum 
 notable thynge. .\iul vnderllaiidyng by rc.ifon of the fphere, that if I Ihiilde fayle by the way of the northwell 
 wynde, 1 (hulde by a Ihorler tra< te tooiume to Indi.i, I tliereu]ipon raiifed the kynge to bee aduerlifed of my 
 diuife, who immediatly coniniaiindeil two carauels to bee fiirnyflhetl with all thynges apperteynynge to the 
 vyage, which was as fane as 1 remember, in the yeare. 1496. in the begjnnynge of fommer. liegynnyng ther- 
 fore to faile towarde Northwefl, not thynkyng to fynde any other lande then that of CWl'ILW, and from 
 thenfe to turne towarde India, lint after certeine tlayes, 1 founde that the lande ramie towarde the Northe, 
 which was to me a great difple:ifiire. Xoiioriheleffe, fayling ;ilonge by the co.ill to fee if I could fynde any 
 goiilfe that turneil, I founde the lande (lyll continent to the. 56. degree vnder owre pole. Anil feinge that 
 there the < ll turned towanl the Mart, difpayringe to fynd the paffage, 1 turned b.uke ageyne, an<l fayleil 
 downc by tlie coafl of that lande towarde the Iviuinoctiall (euer with intent to fynde the fayde paffage to 
 India) and tame to that jiarte of this firine l.iude whit he is nowe cauled FLORIDA. M'here, my vytt.iyles 
 fayling, I ileparted from thenfe ;ind returned into laiglanil, where I founde great tainultes ;imonge the people, 
 and preparaunce for warres in .Scotlande: by reafon whereof, there was no moreconfitleration had to tliii vyage 
 Wheriippon I wente into Spayne to the Catholyke kynge. and (|iieene Kliz.abeth : who beinge adiiertifed what I had 
 doone, interteyned me, and at theyr iharges furii) flheil lerleyne Ihyppes wherwith they iMiifed me to fayle to 
 difi oner the coalles of lirafile, where 1 founde an exceadynge gre.it and large ryuer, named at this prefent Rio 
 di-lhi IVii/d (that is) the ryuer of f)luer, into the which I faykd, and fi.ilowed it into the tirnie lamle more then fyxe 
 huiidrethe lea(|ues, fynilynge it cucry where veryc fayre and inhabited with infinite people, which with aihnyration 
 came riinnynge dayly to owre fliyppcs. Into this ryuer, riinne fo many other riuers, thai it is in niancr mcredible. 
 After this, I ni.ide many other vy:iges, whit h I now prelerniille. .\nd wexyiige < l.le, I gyue my felfe to red from 
 fill h trauayles bycaiife there are nowe maii\ your.ge \\\v\ liilly pylotes and nia.iiiers of good experience, by wliofc 
 forwardeneffe I doo reioyfe in the frutes of my labours, and red with the charge of tliij: ofi'ii e as yowe Tie. 
 
Of Mofcouic and Cathay. 
 
 289 
 
 And this is as much as I haue vndcrftoode of maftcr Scbuflian Cabote, as I haue 
 gathered owte of dyucrs nauigations wrytten in the Itah'aii tooni>^e. 
 
 And whereas I haue before made mention howe Mofcouia was in owr tyme dif- 
 couered by Richard Chanceler in his vias^e toward Cathai by the direction and informa- 
 tion of the fayde mafter Sebaflian who longe before had this fecreate in his mynde, I 
 Ihall not neede here to defcribe that viage, forafmuche as the fame is largely and fayth- 
 fully written in the Laten tonge by that lerned young man Clement Adams fcole mayfler 
 to the Queens henfliemen, as he receaued it at the mouthe of the fayde Richard Chan- 
 celer. Neuertheleffe I haue thought good hereto fpeake fumwhat of Mofcouia as I 
 haue redde in the booke of lohn Faber written in the Latin toonge to the ryght ncjble 
 Prynce Ferdinando Archeduke of Auflria and Infant of Spaine, of the maners and 
 religion of the Mofcouites, as he was partely inftructcd by the ambafadours of the 
 duke of Mofcouie fcnt into Spayne to Th[e]emperours maieftie in the ycarc. M.D.XX.V. 
 He vvryteth therfore as foloweth. 
 
 I thynkc it fyrde conuenicnte to fpeake fumewhat of the name of this region wherby it is cauled at this 
 (lay, and how it was cauluil in owide tyme. Confcrrynge therfore the mode ancient of the Gieeke and huine 
 monumentcs with the hitlories of kitcrtyme, I perceaue it to bee a thynge which reqiiiretli no finaule iudgenient 
 of wytte and lernyng-?. For we fee in howe fliorle tyme the names of lliynges are chaimged, as are alfo lite 
 maners of men. I fynde tlierfore that thofe people whom at this day wee commonly caule Mofcouites, were 
 in tyme pad (as wytneffeth Plinie) cauled Roxolani, whom neuertheleffe by chaungynge one letter, Ptoloinie in 
 his eyght table of Europe, cauleth Rofolaiws as dooth alfo Strabo. 'I'hcy were alfo many yeares cauletl Riithaii: 
 And are that peo|)le which fumtyme fought nianfuUy ageynd the Ca[)itaynes of Methridates as Strabo wryfeth. 
 They were cauled Mofcouites of the chiefe citie of t'l the prouince named Mofcouia or Mofca; or (as Volaterane 
 faith) of the riuer Mofco. They were fumtyme gouerned by duke lohan, whofc wyfe was Helena of the lyn.ige 
 of Th[e]emperours of Condanflinople of the noble famelie of the Paleologi. Beyonde thefe Roxolanos, .Strabo 
 fayth there is no lande inhabited. Thefe Ruthenians therfore or Mofcouites, are people of the northeade parte 
 of the worlde from vs: And are determined with the limettes of the great ryuer Uoridhenes of Scithia, on the 
 one fyde with the Lituanians and I'olonians, and on the other fyde with the Tartars who ceafe not to vexe 
 them with continuall warres and incurfions. Efpecially the great Kmperour Cham of Cathay the chiefe Prince 
 of the Tartars, refulente by the fea fyde in Taurico Cherfonefo, moledeth tlieim with fore warres. They are 
 towarde the north fyde inclofed with the frofen fea, the lande of whofe coades beinge verye large, perteyneth 
 in maner all to the dominion of the duke of Mofcouie. This fea is it which the owlde wryters aiule I.acus 
 Crotiiais, fo named of the Greekc wortl Crono:, which the I^atines caule Satiinius whom they fayne to bee an 
 owlde man, of complexion coulde and dowe, and thereby name all fuch thynges as are coulde and flowe, 
 Cronica, as by lyke reafon they dyd this norUie fea which beinge in maner euer frofen, is flowe and coulde and 
 in maner inimouable. .'\nd for lyke confideration (as faythe Plinie) Hethens nanieth it in the Scythian toonge, 
 Amaltheum, whiche woorde fignifieth as muche as congeled or frofen. But that I wander not farre frome my 
 pur[)ofe : 'l'h[e]empire and dominion of the duke of Mofcouie recheth fo farre that it comprchendeth certeyne 
 partes of Afia and alfo of Europe. The citie of Mofcouia or Mofca, is counted twyfe as bygge .as Colonia 
 Agri])pina as they fayti)fully reporte which knowe bothe. Vnto this they haue alfo an other not vnequall in 
 byggeneffe cauled Fladimer. Alfo Blefcouia, Nouogradia, Smolne, and Otifer, al which, theyr ambaffadours 
 aflirme to bee of princely and magnificall buyldynges, and drongely defended with waules bothe of brycke 
 and fquarc done. Of thefe, Blefcouia is dronged and enuironed with three waules. Other which they haue 
 innumerable are not fo famous as are thefe wherof this duke of Mofcouie and Emperourc of Rudia taketh 
 tli[e]infcription of his title. Eor euen at this i)rcfent, when fo euer eytlier by his ambaffadours or his letters, 
 he dooth fignifie hym felfe to bee Emperoure of Mofcouie, he is accudomed to vfe this title. 15afilius by the 
 grace of Clod Emperoure of all Rudia and greate Duke of Fladamcr, Mofcouie, Nouigrade, Blefcouia, Smolne, 
 and Otifer. etc. And this is the tytle whereby the fayde ambadadours faluted yowre maiedie in the name of 
 great Bafilius when they began theyr oration. This jirince of Mofcouie hath vnder hym jirinces of many 
 jirouinces ,ind thofe of great poure; Of the which, that owKle whyte bearded man whom this Em[)erour of the 
 Ruthians fente for his andjalVadoure to Th[e]emperours maieilie into Spayne, is not one of the lead. Eor euen 
 e when neceffitie of warre re(iuyreth, is .accudomed to make for his Emperour a bande of \xx. [thirty] thoufande 
 ■lorfemen. liut this is to theyr fingulir commendation that they are fo obedient to theyr prince in al thynges, 
 that beinge fonimoned by hym by neuer fo meanc an hearald, they obey incontinent as if it were to gcnl, 
 Ei>m z tit 
 
 The vyafje to 
 
 MuSCUUUi. 
 
 The hystoryc of 
 .MuMCoui.*. 
 
 The <!yners n.-tmes 
 uf .M<j:icuuta. 
 
 Kuxol.-inl 
 Rosotniii. 
 KutheiiL 
 
 The ryticr Mmsco, 
 
 The niirr 
 ItoristliciiL'S. 
 
 Thfcltfmpcrour of 
 Calh.iy. 
 
 The frosen sea. 
 L.icus Cronicus. 
 Sntunms. 
 
 Am:\hhciim. 
 
 TtlC (Iniililli'.II of 
 
 the ilukc of 
 
 iMuSCOUi.l. 
 
 Tlie fitit; of 
 
 Mo^CUIlLl. 
 
 Thechii'fe cities ol 
 .Mo^tcoui.!. 
 
 257 
 
 The duke of 
 Mo^ciitiii mill 
 Kiiipcnmr of 
 Russia. 
 The iliike nf 
 Moscuuia hist tylle. 
 
 Duke Baiiiliui. 
 
 Their p*iure. 
 
 Theyr nhedience 
 to theyr prince. 
 
 'I'heyr war* -tnd 
 
 CiiliqUCStClk 
 
 ?! 
 
 S I 
 
 li 
 
 .' t I 
 
 'I'l il 
 
 rfii 
 
 %} 
 
 1 
 
 if 
 II 
 
 lA", 
 
w^ 
 
 m-: 
 
 ill-' 
 
 290 
 
 0/ Mofcoitie and Cathay. 
 
 Gunner 
 
 Only the 
 niMscouitcs haue 
 noi felt ill" 
 
 cninniiKlitius of 
 
 peace. 
 
 'J'hcyrl.injjuage. 
 
 DsliTint;.!. 
 Patuintii.'i. 
 HunK-irie. 
 Thcyr oriiiinnl. 
 The ScUiiiin 
 tiinnge rt:.ii;heth 
 forre. 
 
 Ore.it wnoils 
 wliiic t'carcs and 
 blackc woolucs. 
 
 Al>iin'bnrc nf 
 hoiiy ami waxe. 
 
 Rych furrcs. 
 
 Theyr mancr of 
 Kir^jtriyng 
 
 Rutic and wyWe 
 
 pe-.ple. 
 
 Tar tares. 
 
 258 
 
 Ciuile people in 
 cilics. 
 
 'I'tit-yr [iioncy 
 
 Ttiey enilTt^c ihe 
 
 I hrislmi fnlh 
 
 uliLhclhci' 
 
 rccu.iucit iif the 
 
 Apitstlcv 
 
 The (-ounsaile cf 
 
 Ntcene. 
 
 R.isiliii^ M 'ijiuis. 
 Lhnsiistutiui-s 
 
 Thcyr con"-! inrie 
 ill ihcyr rcliyion. 
 
 Tlir hyvshnppcs 
 dffmc 
 
 cuitlniticniieh in 
 roli^um. 
 Thcyr hyxsl.fips. 
 
 The 
 ArLllcKys-h<ipi)c. 
 The p.ilri. tLc iif 
 ( ims, ■iliti'.plc. 
 
 A ii.iulfti' t xeliipic 
 i>f .1 lJi.]^li.in 
 pryiice. 
 
 thynkynge nolhyng more glorious then to dye in the quarcll of thcyr prince. By rcafon of which obedience, 
 they are able in fliort tynie, to affcnible an army of two or three hundreth thoufande men ageynfl tlieyr enemies 
 eyther the Tartars or the greate Cham : And haiie hereby obteyned great victories and triumi)hes alwell ageynfl 
 the Turkes as the Tartars by the exceadyng miiltitiule of theyr horfemen and continual experience in warres. 
 At fuch time as TIi[e]emperour Maximilian made a league with them, they kept warre ageynfl the kynge of 
 I'olonie. They vfe not only bowes and darles after the maner of the I'arthians, but haue alfo the vfe of gunnes 
 as we haue. And to bee briefe, onely the Mofcouites niaye feeme that nation whiche hath not felte the com- 
 modities of peace: In fo muche that yf theyr region were not flrongely defended by the nature of the place 
 beinge imjjreigiiable, it had or nowe byn often tymes comiuered. Theyr language agreeth much with the toongc 
 of the Bohemians, Croatians, and Sclauons: fo that the Sclauon dooth playnly vnderdande the Mofcouite, 
 although the Mofcouian toonge be a more rude and harde phrafe of fpeach. The hifloriographers wryte that 
 the Sclauons toonge the name of tlie confufion whiche was in Babell in the tyme of that flowt hunter Nemroth 
 of whome mention is made in the Ciencfis. But I can not enowgh manieyle at this thing, that wheras betwene 
 Dalmatia (now cauled Sclauonia) and Mofcouia, both the I'annonies are fituate, yet this notwithflandynge, the 
 Hungarians toonge notliynge agreeth with the Mofcouites. Wherby wee may coniecture that thcfe nations were 
 fumtymes diuided by legions, and that they came owt of Dalmatia thyther: whiche thynge alfo Volateranus 
 aflirnieth, fayinge that tiie language of the Ruthenians (whiche are the Mofcouites) is Semidaliiuitica (that is) 
 halfe Silauone. Howe fo euer it bee, this is certeyne that die Bohemians, Croatians, Sclauons, and Mofcouites, 
 agree in language as wee perceauetl by th[e]interpretiiurs which yowre maieflie had then in yowre courte. Vox 
 whereas the faytle interpretours were borne anionge tlie Croatians and Sclauons and none of them had euer byn 
 in Mofcouia, or beefore that tyme had any conuerfation with them, yet dyd they well vnderflanile tiie 
 ambaffat lours woordes. 
 
 There are in Mofcouia, wooddes of exccadynge byggenelTe, in the which blacke woolucs and whyte beares 
 are hunted. The caufe wherof may bee th[e]extreme could of the north, which dooth greatly alter the com- 
 plexions of bealles, and is the mother of whyteneffe as the I'hilofophers affirme. They haue alfo great plentie 
 of bees, wherby they haue fuch abundaunce of hony and waxe that it is with them of fmaul ])riie. \\'hen the 
 commoditic of theyrcountreyis neglected by reafon of longe warres, theyr chiefe aduauntage whereby they haue all 
 thynges neceffarie towarde thcyr lyuynge, is the gaines which they haue by theyr rych furres, as Sables, Marternes, 
 Luzernes, mofl whyte armyns, and fuch other which they fell to marchauntes of dyuers countreys. They bye and 
 fell with fimple fay the of woordes excjiaungynge ware for ware withowt any curious bondes or cautels. And albeit 
 they liaue the vfe of both golile and fyluer monyes, yet doo they for the mofl part exchaungc theyr furres for frutes 
 and other thynges neceffarie to mainteine theyr lyfe. There are alfo fum people vnder the dominion of this Kni- 
 perour, which haue neither wyne nor wheate, but lyue only by flefflie and niylke as doo the wylde Tartars thejr 
 bortherers which dwel in wods by the coalles of the frofen fea. Thefe people are bruty fflie, antl lyue in maner lyke 
 wylde beafles. But they of the citie of Mofcaand Nouigrade, and other cities, are ciuile peoi)le: anil agree with 
 vs in eatynge of fyfflie and tlefllie altliowgh theyr maner of coq lerie is in manye thynges ditferynge frome owres. 
 Volaterane wrytedi that the Ruthenians vfe money vncoyned. And imiuirynge furtiier, I was informed that the 
 money of Hungary is much currant with them. But this is chiefely to bee confydered. that tl-.ey imbrafe the 
 Chrillian fayth which they afhrme to haue byn preached to them fyrlle by faynt Andrewe th[e]apoflle and broother 
 to Simon Peter. Such doctrine alfo as vnder ConflanRine the greate, in tlie yeare. CCC. xviii. [three hundred and 
 eighteen] was conduded in the fyrfl generall connfayle holden in the (ilie of Niccne in Bithynia, and there deter- 
 myneil by. CCC. xviii. [three hundred and eighteen] b\ fflioppes, and alfo fu( h as hadi Innwrytlen and ta\.glit 
 by the Crecke doctoures Bafilius Magnus ami Clirifollonnis, they beleue to bee lb holy, firme and fyncere, that 
 they thinke it no more lawful! one he.m. t^ tr.infgrefie or go ba'ke from the lame, then from me gofi)c'.l of Chrill. 
 For theyr conflancie and modellie is fuch, that no man dare caule thofe thynges into qucRion which haue once 
 byn decifed by holy fathers in theyr general coinifailes. They doo therfore with a more conflante niynde jjcrfeuer 
 in theyr fyrll fayth which they feceaue<l of faynt .Andrewe th[e]:ippollle and his fuctelVours and holy fathers, 
 than doo nianye of vs beinge diuided into fi ifnics and fectes whii he thynge ncuer i haunceth amonge liiein. But 
 if any dilhcultie chaunce to rife as touchynge the fayth or cullome of religion, all is referred to tiie archbyflioiipe 
 and other byflioppes as to bee defined by theyr fi)irile: not permyttinge any iudgemente to the inconflant 
 and ignorant people. Theyr archebylhoppe is refidenle in the litie of Mofca, where alfo 'l'li[e]eini)eroure 
 keepetlie his courte. They haue l\kewyfe dyuers other byfhops: as one in Nouigraclia, where alfo Ifodorus was 
 byflhop vnder jiope luigcnius. They haue an other in Rofciuia, an other in Suflali, an other in Otiferi: alfo in 
 Sraolne, in Refan, in Cohnimi, and in N'olut, all which haue theyr dioces. They acknowleage theyr -An heliyfliop 
 as the chiefe. Before the patriarche of Conflantinople was opi)refl'e(l by the Tiranni of the Turkes, this 
 Archebyfnio])i)e recognifed hym as his fupcrioure. In fo much that this duke (n Mofi.iuia and I''.niperour of 
 Ruflia, not vnniyndefuU hereof but a diligt iite obferuer of his accudomcd relij^ion, douth at liiis daye yeurely 
 
~y->i 
 
 Of Mofcoiiie Olid Cathay. 
 
 291 
 
 fende a ccrteyne flypemle in inaner of alines to the patriarche of Conftantinople, that he may with more quicte 
 mynd looke for th[c]cn(le of this his Kgiptian feruitudc vntyll it flial pleafe ahnyghty god to reflore hym to his 
 former churche and autoritie. For he iudgeth it much imjiietie, if he flnilde nowe forfake hym whofe prcdi- 
 cefToiires liaue ruled and gouerned fo many churches, and of whom the fayth and religion of fo many regions 
 and prouinces haue depended. 
 
 But to fpeake briefely of theyr religion, they agree in many thynges with vs, and in fum thyngcs folow the 
 (Ireekes. Tb "y haue munkes and religious men. Not farre from the citie of Mofca, they haue a great monallerie 
 in the whiche are three hundrcth munkes lyuynge vnder the rule of liafilius Magnus in the which is alfo the 
 fepuk'her of S. Sergius the abbot. They obferue theyr vowe of chaRitie which none may breake that haue once 
 profel'led. Yet fuch as haue niaried virgins of good fame, may bee admitted to th[e]order of preflhod, but may 
 neuer bee a niunke. The preftes and byflhops whiche are admitted to orders vnmaried, may neuer after bee 
 maried: nor yet fuch as haue wiues, mary ageine when they are dead, but liue in perpetual chaftitie. Such as 
 commitle adulterie or fornication, are greeuoully punyfllied by the byflhopijos and depriued of the benefices. 
 They celebrate maffe after the miner of the Greekes which diffcreth from owres in dyuers thingcs, as in 
 fermented breade after the nianer of the Greekes. They put in the chaleffe as much water as redile wine, which 
 water they vfe to heate, bycaufe (not withowt a great myflerie) there iflhewed furth of the fyde of owre lorde, 
 both blud and water, which wee ought by good reafon to thynke was not withowt heate : for els fluilde it 
 fcarfely haue byn iudged for a miracle. In fine, they aflirme that all theyr cuflomes and rytes are accordynge 
 to th[e]inflitutions of the primatyue church and the doctrine of liafilius Magnus, ami ChrifoRomus. In this 
 thynge they dyffer greately from vs, that they minifler the communion to younge chiklren of three yeares 
 of age, which they doo with fermented breade dipte in a fponefuU of wyne, and gyue it them for the bodye and 
 bludde of Chryfle. 
 
 C A byicfc dcfcy'iption of Mofconia after the later -vryters, as Sebaflian 
 
 Muiiflcy and lacobus Gaflaldits. 
 
 flie prouince of Mofcouia, is fo named by the ryuer Mofco which pal oth by the metrapolitane 
 citie of Mofcouia cauled Mofca by the name of the ryuer Mofco. '/his ])rouince was cauled 
 of the owlde wiyters, Sarmatia Afiatica. The bortherers or confi.es to the Mofcouians on 
 the one fyde towarde the Kaft, are the Tartars caulcu N'ogai, and he Sc ; mbanians, with the 
 Zagatians. Towarde the Wefl, the prouinces of I.iuonia and Lituania. '1 nvarde the Souili, 
 the ryuer of Tanais and the people confinyng with the ryuer Volga, cc uled of the owld 
 writers Rha. And towarde the Nordi, the Ocean fea cauled the Scyth.an fea, and the 
 region of I.ajjponia. Mofcouia is in nianer all playiie and uill of maryfihes, w ooddes, and many very great 
 ryuers wlierof the ryuer of Volga is the ]jrincipal. Sum caul this Ledyl, as the owld autour > named it Rha. 
 It beginneth at the great lake cauled I.acus Albus (iliat is) t!ie white lake and run;ielli into the fea of liadiau, 
 named of the aunciente wryters, the fea Cafpium or Hircanuni. Vnder the dominion of Mwicouia, are ccrteyne 
 regions and dukedoomes; as Alba Rufi'ia (that is)whyte Ruffia. Alfo Colmogora, I'lefcouia, Rifrida, Nouo- 
 gardia, with alfo mauye places of the Tartars which are fiibiecte to the duke of Mofcouia. The chiefe cities of 
 Mofcouia, are Mofca, I'lefcouia, Xouogaidia, Colmogora, Otogeria, \'iatra, Smolenfer, I'ercallauia, Coh^gna, 
 Volodemaria, Roflauia, and Caffain. The people of Mofcouia are Clirillians, and haue greate abundaunce of 
 hony and waxe : alfo ryclie furres, as Sabels, Marternes, I'oynes, Calaber, and dyuers other. All the Tartars 
 which inhabite towarde the Kafl beyonde the ryuer of Volga, haue no dweilynge i)laces, nor yet cities or caflels. 
 But cary abowt with theym ccrteyne cartes or wagens couered with beaftes hydes, vnder the whiche they rede, 
 as wee do in owre houfes. 
 
 They remoue togyllier in great conijianies whiche they caule Hordas. They are warlike [leople and good 
 horfemen, and are all Maconietilles. 
 
 Sebaflian MunrtLT in his booke of V^iiucrfall Cofmo^raphie, wrytcth that die citie of Mofca 
 or Mofcouia conteineth in cirt uite. xiiii. [fourteen] myles, and that it is twyfe as bygge as the < itie of I'raga in Bohe- 
 niie. Of tile countrey of Mofcouia, bifyde other prouinces fubiecte to the fame, he wrytcth thus. It extendeth 
 in laigeneffe foure hundrelh myles, and is rich in f\luer. It is lawfiiU fiir no man to go owt of the realme or coome 
 in withowt the dukes letters. It is playne without niounlaynes, and fill of wooddes and maryfflies. The bealles 
 theie by reafon of the coulde, are lelfe then in other countreis more foutlnvarde. In the niyddefl of die citie 
 
 Theyr rcliaion. 
 
 A nionnstcrie of. 
 ccc. [thrift; 
 hundred] inonke* 
 
 M.isse. 
 
 A niyslcric 
 
 The priinatiue 
 cliiirch. 
 
 A str;itingc 
 custuiiic. 
 
 259 
 
 Sartiiutia .isialtca. 
 
 The St ythian 
 IJeeall. 
 
 'I'he rvuer of 
 
 voIkh; 
 
 I.acus albus. 
 '\\\M Caspiiiii sea. 
 
 Theyr chicfc citie* 
 
 Tlie wyMc Tartars 
 
 Ilorlas. 
 
 Tlie byKnes of the 
 (.itic ut Moscuuia. 
 
 Syliier. 
 
 The rcKinn of 
 
 Mii-.(:imi.i. 
 
 ILastes. 
 
 \ \ 
 
 
 fji 
 
 ■4 
 
r 
 
 292 
 
 0/ Mofcoitie and Cathay. 
 
 s *■ 
 
 .111 
 
 I' 
 
 A fayre and 
 
 ilrnii^u caslc't in 
 
 titv ciiic of Mosca. 
 The (hikes 
 
 Thcyr drynke. 
 
 They arc Ryvien to 
 druiikciincitse. 
 
 Come and grayne. 
 
 Stoues. 
 
 The famous ryuer 
 of Taiiais. 
 
 260 
 
 The m.irys'hcsuf 
 
 Mcutis. 
 
 V..IS4. 
 
 Ocha. 
 
 The sen Etixinuin. 
 
 The f.ir<.-.t of 
 
 hirctnio. 
 
 Vri. 
 
 Alcos. 
 
 They Inuayl in 
 wy liter un ^Icades. 
 
 Causeys of lyinber. 
 I'rees and frutes. 
 Come and grayne. 
 
 Hnny in wode and 
 trees. 
 
 Lakes or poulcs of 
 huny. 
 
 A man almntt 
 drowned in hony. 
 
 A marueiloiis 
 chauiice. 
 
 Beares fecde of 
 huny and becik 
 
 Rcarefl iniiade 
 
 kulles. 
 
 The bearcs byrth. 
 
 of Mofca bcinge fitiuite in a playnt there is a cadell with. xvii. towres and three Inihvarkes fo (Ironge and fayre, 
 that the lyke are fcarfely feene in any other place. There are alfo in the callcli .wi. churches, and three very 
 large courtes in the which the noble men of the courte haiie theyr lodgyngcs. The dukes paliaice is buylded 
 afcer the maner of the Italian buyUlyng, and very fayre, but not great, 'i'heyr drynke is nie'e and beere as is 
 the maner of the niofle parte of the people that inhabite the North partes of the woorlile. Th ^v are excead- 
 yngely gyuen to droonkenneffe. Yet (as fume faye)the princes of the lande are prohibite in peii ■ . ""death to 
 abileine from fuch flronge drinkes as are of force to inebriate, except at certeyne tynies when licence is graunted 
 theym, as twyfe or thryfe in the yeare. They plowe the grownde with horfes and jilowes of woodde. Theyr 
 come and other grayne by reafon of longe coukle, doo feldome waxe rj'pe on the ground by reafon wh -Tof they 
 are fimitinies inforced to rype and dry them in theyr ftooues and hottes houfes, and then grynd them. 'J'hey 
 lacke wyne and oyle. Mufcouia is extemled vnto lurham and Corelia which are in Scythia. The famous 
 ryuer of Tanais, the Mofcouites caule Don, hauyng his fprynges and originall in Mofcouia in the diikedonie of 
 Rezenfe. It ryfeth owt of a grownde that is playne, baren, muddy, full of maryfllies and wooddes. And 
 where it proceadeth toward the Eafl to the mountaynes of Scithia and Tartaric, it bendeth to the fouth ; and 
 commyng to the maryflhes of Meotis it fiiuleth into them. The ryuer of Volga (fumetymc cauled Kha, and 
 nowe cauled of the Tartars Kdel) runneth toward the north certeyne niyles, to whom is ioyned the ryuer Occa 
 or Ocha, llowynge owt of Mofcouia, and then bendyng into the South and iiicreafed witli many other ryuers, 
 fauleth into tiiC fea Kuxinum, which diuideth Kurope and Afia. The woodde or forell cauled Hircania fylua, 
 occupieth a fmal portion of Mofcouia. Yet is it fumwhere inhabited, and by the longe labour of men made 
 thinner anil barer of trees. In that ])arte that lyeth towarde Pruflia, is a kynde of greate and fierce bulles 
 cauled Vri or Hifomes, as wryteth I'aulus louius. There are alfo Alces muche lyke vnto hartes, with 1 nge 
 fnoutes of flefflie and longe legges withowt any bowiiige of theyr hiiux or i)al\ernes. Thefe bealU's, the 
 Mofcouites caule Lozzi, and the Almaynes Helenes. The iornaye that is betwene Vina of l.ituania by Smolenfe 
 to Mofca, is trauayled in wynter on lleades by the fnowe congeled by longe frolle, and made very lly|)perye 
 and compacte lyke Ife by reafon of much wearynge and treadynge, by meanes wherof this vyage is performed 
 with incredible celeritie. Hut in the fommer, the playne countreys can not bee ouercome withowt diniculte 
 labour. For when the fnowe begynneth to 1 diffolued by contiiuiall heate, it caufeth marylllies and 
 quamyres inextricable and daungerous both for horfe and man, were it not for certeyne caufeyes made of 
 tymber with in maner infinite labour. The region of Mofcouia (as I haue faid) beareth neylher vynes nor 
 olyue trees, nor yet any other trees that here any apples or frutes of very ])lefant or fwete faiiour or taRe except 
 chery trees, for as much as ul tender frutes and trees are burnte of the coukle blafles of the North wynde. Yet 
 doo the fieldes beare all kyndes of come, as wheate and the grayne cauled Siligo, wherof the fynell kynde of 
 breade is made: alfo mylle and panyke, whit'he the Italians caule Melica: l.ikewyfe all kyndes of juilfe, as 
 beanes, ])eafon, tares, and fui he other. But theyr chife haruefl confillelh of hony and waxe, forafmuch as the 
 hole region is replenyflbed with frutefuU bees which make mofl fweete hony, not in the hufbande mens hyues, 
 but euen in holowe trees. And hereby commeth it to paffe that both in the wooddes and Ihalowed launes, 
 are feene many fwarmes of bees hangynge on the bowes of trees, fo that it fliall not bee neceffarie to caule them 
 togyther or charme theym with the founde of bafens. There are oftentymes foiinde greate maffes of hony 
 combes, conferued in tix'cs of the owlde hony forfaken of bees, forafmuch as the hulband men <'an not feeke 
 euery tree in fo great and large wooddes: In fo much that in the flockes or bodies of exceadynge gre.it and 
 holowe trees, arc fumtymes founde great jiooles or lakes of hony. Demetrius th[elan)baffadour of the duke of 
 Mofcouia whom he fent to the byffliop of Rome not many yeares fence, made relation that a htilbande man of 
 the contrey not firre from the place where he remayned. feekynge in the wooddes for hony, ilefcended into a 
 greate holowe tree full of hony into the which he flypte vp to the brefl, and lyued there only with hony for the 
 fpace of two dayes, caulynge in vayne for helpe in tliat ileferte of wooddes. And that in fine dilpayrynge of 
 helpe, he efcaped by a marueilous chaimce, beinge drawen owt by a great beare that defcended into the tree, 
 with her loynes downewarde after the maner of men. For when the man (as jirefent neceffilie and oportunitie 
 ferued) perccaucd the beare to bee within his reache, he fuddeinly clafped her abowt the loynes with his amies, 
 and with a terrible crye ]irouoked the bead to inforce her flrength to leai)e owt of the tree, and therwith to 
 drawe hym owt, as it chaunced in deede. 
 
 Thefe regions abounde with beares whiche euery where feeke both hony and bees, not only herewith to 
 fyl theyr bellies, but alfo to helpe theyr fyght. For theyr eyes are oftentymes dulled, and theyr mouthes 
 wounded of the bees : both which greefes are eafed by eatynge of hony. They haue weakell he.ides, as lions 
 haue flrongefl. In fo muche that when (beinge therto inforced) they cade theim fehies downe headelonge 
 from any rockes, they couer theyr heades with theyr fiete, an<l lye for a tymc adoonyflhed and halfe deade with 
 knockes. They walke fumtyme on two fiete, and fpoyle trees backewarde. Suintyme alfo they inuade bulles, 
 and fo hange on them with al theyr fiete, that they wcry them with weight. The beare (as fayth I'liiiie) 
 
Of Mofcouic and Cat hay. 
 
 293 
 
 bryngeth fiirth her byrth the. xxx. [thirtieth] day and oftentymcs two. Theyr byrth is a certcyne wh)te inalfe of 
 flcfflie wiihowt forme and httle bigger then a nioiife wiihowt eyes, and witliowt lieare, with onely the nayles 
 or clawes coniniynge foortlie. ]!ut the damme with continuall lyekynge, by lyttle and lyltle figurethe the informe 
 byrthe. When fliee entereth into the denne whiehe fliee hath cliofen, fliee creejjeth thyther with lier belly 
 vpwarde lefle the place fluilde bee foiinde by the flejipes of her fiete. And being there deliiiered of iier byrthe, 
 temaynethe in the fame place for the fjjace of xiiii. dayes immoiieable as wrytelh Arifloteles. They lyue 
 withowt meate fortie dayes, and for that tyme fiiflcyne them felucs only by lyckynge and fuckyng theyr ryght 
 foote. At the lengthe chaunfynge to fynde meate, they fyll theym fellies fo full, that they remedy that furfecte 
 by vomyte whiche they proiioke by catynge of antes. Theyr byrthe is opprefled with fo heauy a lleape for the 
 fpace of xiiii. dayes, that it can not bee rayfed eyther with prii kinge or woiindes, and in the meane tyme growe 
 exceadynge fat. After, xiiii. dayes they wake from lleepe, and begyn to licke and fiicke the foles of theyr fore 
 fiete and lyue thereby for a fpace: Nor yet is it ajiparent that they liue by any other meate vntyll the fpr)nge 
 tyme of the yeare. At whiche tyme begynnynge to runne abrode, they feede of the tender buds anil youngo 
 fprigges or brauni hes of trees, and other herbes correfpondent to theyr lyp|)es. 
 
 Ik'fore fiue liundreth yeares, the Mofcouites honoured the goddes of tile gentyles: And then fyrfle receaued 
 the Chrillian faith when the byfihoppes of Grecia began to difcentfrom the churcheof the I.atines: and therfore 
 receaued the rites of the Oreeke.s. They minifter the facrament with fermented breade vnder both kyndes: 
 And thinke that the foules of deade nicnne are not helped with the fuffragies of preefles, nor yet by the deuotion 
 of theyr frendes or kinffolkes: Aifo that the jjlace of IVirgatorie is a fable. In the tyme of the diuine feruice, 
 the liyRorie of the miracles of Chrifle and the Kpiflels of faynt I'aule are rehcarfed owt of the ])ulpitte. Beyonde 
 Mofcouia, are manye people whiche they caule Scythians, and are partely fubiecte to the Prince of Mofcouia. 
 Thefe are they which duke luan fubdued, as are the people of Perm, liafkird, Czriremiffa, luhra, Corela, and 
 Pcrmflca. Thefe people were Idolatours before the duke compelled theym to l)a|)tifnie, and appoynted a byffliop 
 ouer them named Steuen, whom the Barbarians after the dejiarture of the duke, Ikyde alyue and llewe. But 
 the duke returnyng (liortly after, afflictefl them fore and affigned them a newe byflhoppe. 
 
 It is here alfo to bee noted that the owlde Cofmographers fayned that in thefe regions towarde the Northe 
 pole, there fliukl bee ccrteyne great mountaynes which they cauled Ripheos and Ilyperboreos, which neuer- 
 theleffe are not founde in nature. It is alfo a fable that the ryuers of Tanais and V'olham doo fjirynge owt of 
 hygh mountaynes, wlieras it is apparent that both thefe ryuers and many other, haue theyr originall in the 
 l)laynes. 
 
 Nexte to Mofcouia, is the frutefull region of Colmogora throwgh the whiche runneth the ryuer of Diuidna 
 beinge the greatell that is knowen in the north i)artes of the workl. 'I'his ryuer increafeth at certeyne tymes of 
 the yeare as dooth the ryuer of Nilus in Kgypte, ouerfloweth the fyeldes round abowt, and with abundaunce of 
 fatte mo) flure, refifleth the couldenelTe of the ayer. Wheate fowne in the grounde, groweth abundauntly 
 withowt plowynge: and fearynge the newe iniurie of the proutle ryuer, fpryngeth, groweth, and ryi)eth with 
 woonderfull celeritie of haflynge nature. 
 
 Into the ryuer of Diuidna runnethe the ryuer of luga: And in the very angle or corner where they nieete, 
 is a famous marte towne named N'fliuga, beinge a hundreth and fyftie niylcs diftant from the chiefe citie of Mofca. 
 To this mart towne from the hygher countreys, are fent the precious f.irres of marternes, fables, woolues and 
 fuel) other whiche are ex< haunged for dyuers other kyndes of wares and marchaundies. 
 
 Hythcrto Munfterus. 
 
 And forafimiclic as many doo mariiaile that fiiche plentie of hony fhiild bee in fo 
 coole a contrcy, I haue thoiis^ht good to declare the reafoii and naturall caiife hereof. 
 It is therefore to be confidered that lyke as fpices, gums, and odoriferous frutes are cngendereil in hot regions by 
 continuall heate duryng al the hole yeare withowt imprcllion of the mortifying qualitic of could wherby al thynges are 
 conflrnyned as they are dilated by heate, euen fo in could and moyfl regions (whofe nioyRure is thinner and more 
 wateryfllie then in hot regions)are llowres engendere<l more abundantly as caufed by inipreffion of leffe and fayntcr 
 heate woorkynge in thynne matter of wateryfihe moiRure lelTe con( (« te then the matter of gummesand fpices and 
 other vnctuous frutes and trees growing in hotle regions. l'"or althoughe (as Munllcr faithe here before) the region 
 of Mofcouia bcareth nother vines or oliues, or .my other frutes of fweete fauoure by reafon of the couldenelTe therof, 
 neuerthelefTe forafmuch as lloures (whero*".. . ■ _ -s chiefely gathered) may in fommer feafon growe abundantly in the 
 playnes,maryflhes,and wooddes,not onely on thegrownde I)ut alfoon trees in coulde regions, it is agreeable to good 
 reafon that great plentie of honye (Inilde b"e in Hk he regions as abounde with flourcs, which are brought furthe 
 with the fyrll degree of heate and fyrR approch of the fonne, as apjieareth in the f|irynge tjnic not onely by the 
 fl)ringinge of floures in fyehles and gardeynes, but alfo of bloffomes of trees fpryngynge before the leaues or 
 frute, as the lyghtcr and thynner matter fyrde drawne owte with the lowefte and leafle degree of heate, as the 
 
 Z 2 J91 
 
 261 
 
 The beares dcnne. 
 
 Pcflres lyne 
 wittiuvv'i iiitMte. xl. 
 (furty) dayes. 
 
 Tlie '.Ic.'ipe of 
 
 l.ejrts. 
 
 The reliKinn nf the 
 
 Mohcuuitcs. 
 
 The Srythi-ins 
 
 siil.it-cif to ihc 
 duke u{ M uscuuia. 
 
 It wns then an 
 opinion ih^it al 
 riiiers sproiik-e 
 owtc uf iiiuntaines 
 
 The fnilcfiil 
 rccion of 
 (."ciinK>t;ora. 
 The great riucr 
 Diuidna. 
 
 Wlicate wiihowt 
 
 plow tut; 
 
 The ryuer of luga. 
 
 Vsliiig.1. 
 
 Furrcs. 
 
 The naltirill c.iuse 
 c>r much hfiny in 
 codld regions. 
 (i.immcs and 
 >ipii:es in hut 
 cuuntrcyt. 
 
 Floiires in ctr.ihle 
 j rociiins 
 
 262 
 
 Ftourcs of trees. 
 
 I Itlossonnies of 
 trccl. 
 
 n 
 
 I 
 
 ::|) i 
 
 '■■} 
 
 m 
 
 rl 
 
 ■■ ! 
 
' 
 
 294 
 
 Of Mo/coiiic and Cathay. 
 
 \ ■ 
 
 An excniple of the > 
 
 The Rencration of 
 rtuiirL-s »>y 
 uiudcratc hcate. 
 
 Innfie (Invcs and 
 sliorlc n>j;htcs. 
 nr.UMl.lc and 
 feme. 
 
 The fininurc of 
 llourcs. 
 
 What Pllnie 
 wryt«th uf himy. 
 
 Rcrius is 
 
 (»therwv« cnulcd 
 C.iiiicu!;», thi^ is 
 Ihe <lni;ye, of 
 whom tiie 
 caniciil.ir daycs 
 haue thcyr name- 
 
 Wtiat is hony 
 
 IIo'A'c hony is 
 curruptcd. 
 
 Hnny of ^rcit 
 (|uaiitiiic in Nurth 
 rcgiuiis 
 
 263 
 
 Tint nyRlttcs i:i 
 A siinilituiie. 
 
 Nafiira' heat 
 (to'iih siihfylc and 
 digest all thyngcs. 
 
 Sti})ly!e vapniim 
 digested by he.ite 
 
 Could rej;lon& 
 Ziglerus. 
 
 lyke is feene in the arte of flyllynge wherhy all lliinne and lyglit moyllurcs are lyftetl vp by the fyrflc degree of 
 the fyre; and the heuyell and thickefl nioy.Lares arc drawne owt with more vehenient fyrc. As we may therforc 
 in this cafe compare the generation of tlourcs to the heate of May, the generation of ginnnies to the heate of 
 lune and fpices to the hiate of luiy. Kuen fo in fuche coulde regions whofe foomnier agreetii rather with the 
 temperate heate and moyfliire of May then with th[e]e.\trecnie heate of the other monclhes, that heate is more 
 ajit to 1)1) nge foorth ahundance of tloiires as thynges caufed by moderate heate, as playncly a|)pearLth by theyr 
 tafl and fauoure in which is no fliar[)e (|ualitie of heate eydier bytynge the toongc or ottendyng the head as is 
 in fpices, gummes, and frutes of hotte regions. And as in could ami playne regions, moderate heate with 
 abundance of moifture, are caufes of the generation of floures (as I haue fayde) fo lykewyfe the length of the 
 dayes anil fliortneffe and warmenelTe of the nyghtes in fonimer feafon in fiithe coukle regions, is a greate hclpe 
 heriinto. Cardanus wryteth in his booke De J'/aii/is, that bramble and fearne growe not but in could regions, 
 as dooth wheate in te!n])erate regions. And that fpices and hotte feedes, can not growe in coulde regions, 
 forafmuch as beinge of thinne fubllaunce, they fluilde foone be mortified and extinct by e-xceffiue could. For 
 (as he fayth) notiiing can concocte, rype, and attenuate the fubftance ot frutes withowt the hel|)e of ayer 
 agreable to the natures of fuch thynges as are brought foorth in the fame, althowgh it may doo this in rootes. 
 But in maner all lloures are of fweete fauour, forafmuch as tlie moyflure that is in them, being thinne and but 
 lyttle, is by meane litMte foone and eafely concocte or made rype. Such alfo as are foone rype, are foone 
 rotten according to the prouerbe. 
 
 riinie, althowgh in toe. xi. booke of his natural! hyflorie, Cap. viii. he wryteth that hony is gathered of 
 the floures of all trees antl fets of plantes, except forell and the herbe cauled Clunopode (which fume caule 
 goofe fuote) yet he alhrineth that it defcendeth from the ayer: for in the. xii. chapyture of the fame booke, he 
 wryteth thus. 
 
 This coommeth from the ayer at the ryfynge of certeyne (larres, and efpccially at the ryfynge oi Siriiis, and 
 not before the ryfyng of Vagiluc (which are the feuen flarres cauled Pleiades) in the f])rynge of the day. For 
 then at the mornynge fjjrynge, the leaues of trees are founde moifl with a fat dewe: In fo much that fuch as 
 haue bynne abrode vnder the firmamente at that tyme, haue theyr apparell annoynted with Iy(|uoure and the 
 heare of theyr headile clammy. And whether this bee the fwette of heauen, or as it were a certeyne fpettyl of the 
 (larres, cyther the iuife of the .lyer pourgynge it felfe, I wolde it were pure, li(|uiile, anil fimple of his owne nature 
 as it fyrfle fauleth from aboue. I5ut nowe defcendyng fo far, and infected not only with fuch vncleane vapoures 
 and exhalations, as it meteth with by the way, but afterward alfo corrupted Ijy the leaues of trees, herbes, and 
 floures of fundrye tafles and qualities, and lykewyfe afwel in (lomackes of the bees (for they vomite it at theyr 
 mouthes) as alfo by longe referuynge the fame in hiues, it neuerthelefle reteyneth a great pane of uv heauenly 
 nature. &c. Ageyne in the. xiiii. chapiture of the fame booke, he wr}tethe that in certeyne regions toward the 
 north, as in fum places of Germanic, hony is found in fuch quantitie that there haue bynne feene hony combes of 
 eyght foote longe, and blacke in the holowe ])arte. By the whiche woordes of I'linie, and by the principles of natu- 
 rall philofophie, it dooth a[ipere that abundaunce of hony fluilde chiefely bee engendered in fuch regions where the 
 heate of foommer is temperate and continuall afwell by nyght as by day as it is not in hotte regions where the nyghtes 
 be longe and coulde as is declared in the Decades. For lyke as fuche thynges as are fyned by continuall heate, 
 mouynge, and circulation, are hyndered by refrigeration or coulile (as appereth in the art of flyllynge and 
 hatchynge of egges) eiien fo by the action of temperate and continuall heate withowt interpofition of contrarie 
 and mortifyinge qualitie, crude thynges are in fliorte tyme made rype, fower made fweete, thicke made thinne. 
 heauie made lyght, groffe made fublyle, harde made fofte, deade made lyuynge, and in fine bodies made fpirites, 
 as manifelUy appeareth in the manieylous woorke of dygeflion of lyiiyng bealles, wherby the finefl part of theyr 
 nuriflhement is turned into bludde, and the finefl of that bludde conuerted into fpirites, as the like is alfo feene 
 in the nuryflhement of trees, plantes, and herbes, and all other thyngis that growe on the groiinde, all whiche 
 are moued, digelled, fubtiliate, attenuate, ryped, and made fweete by the action of this continuall heate wherof 
 I haue fpoken. To conclude therfore, if hony bee eyther the fwette of the flarrcs, or the iuife of the ayer 
 pourginge it ftlfe (as |)linie writeth) or other wyfe engendered of fubtyle and fine vapoures ryfinge frome the 
 earth, and concocte or digefled in the ayer by the fayd continuall and moderate heate, it may feeme by good 
 reafon that the fame fluilde bee engendered in foommer feafon more abundantly in coulde regions then in hot, 
 for the caufes aforefayde. And that it may by autoritie and reafon more manifefllye appeare bothe that the 
 heate of foommer in could regions is continual (as I haue fayd) and alfo that the coulde in wynter is not there 
 fo intoUerable to th[ejinhabitauntes of thofe regions as other doo thynke, I haue thought good for the better 
 declarati(;n hereof to adde hereunto what I haue gathered owt of the booke of Ziglerus wrytten of the north 
 regions. 
 
 l!i 
 
 Jl 
 
■ 
 
 295 
 
 C OF THE NORTH REGIONS 
 
 AND OF THE MODERATE AND CONTINVALL IIEATE 
 
 in coulde regions alwell in the nyght as in the day in 
 
 foommcr feafon : Alfo howe thofe regions are 
 
 habitable to th[e]inhabitauntes of the 
 
 fame, contrary' to th[e]oppinion 
 
 of the owlde wrytcrs. 
 
 F this matter, Ziglerus in his booke of the Northe 
 regions in the defcription of Scondia wryteth as 
 foloweth. 
 
 Wee wyll intre.ite of this matter, not as puttyngu the fame 
 in queflion as dycl the owld wryters, nor gatherynL'i; iudgement 
 deducted of reafons in way of argument, forafiiuRh as wee 
 are alredy more certeyne by hyflorie that thefe coulde regions 
 are inhabited. Wee wyll fyrfl therfore fliewe by naturall reafon 
 and by confideration of the fphere, declare how by the helpe 
 of man and arte, coulde regions are inhabited wilhowt doniage 
 or deflruction of lyuynge bcalles : Anil wyll fyrfle fpeake of 
 the t|ualitie of fomnicr, decKirynge howe it is there augmented. 
 \'et intende I not to comprchunde all that maye bee fayde in 
 this matter, but only rehearfe fuch reafons and fimilitudes as 
 are mod apparent and eafy to bee vnderfloode. 
 
 In fuch regions therfore, as are extended from the biirnte 
 line or Eqiiinortiall towarde the north, as much as the fonne ryfethe hygher ouer theim, fo muche arc they the 
 more burine with heate, as Affrica, bycaufe it ryfeth hyghefl ouer them as they are neareft to the Eijuinoctiall: 
 and taryinge with theim fo much the fliorter time caufeth fliorter days, with longer and coulder nyghtes to 
 redore the ilomagc of the d.iy |)a(l by reafon of the moillure confumed by vapour. But in fuch regions ouer 
 the which the fonne ryfeth lower (as in .Sarmatia) it remayneth there the longer in the day, and caufeth fo much 
 the fliorter and warmer nyghtes, as releynynge warine vapoures of the day part, which vapours helpe the 
 woorke of the day. I fpeake as I luiue founde by experience, faythe Vpfalienfis. For I haue felt the fomnier 
 nyghtes fcarfely tollerable for heate in Gothlande, wheras I felte <.hem coulde in Rome. This benefite of lh[e]- 
 increafe of the day, dolh augment fo much the more in couk e tegions as they are nearer the poles: and 
 ceaceth not vnlyll it coome directly ouer the center or poynte of die axes or axv:citree of the worlde. where the 
 fonne beinge at tl;e hyghell in fouimer, is eleuate abowt. xxiiii. degrees: In which regions, one (ontinual day 
 confiReth of vi. monethes from the fjjrynge tyme by the Randynge of the foonne (cauled Sollliiium) in the 
 figne of Cancer to Autumne. The foonne therfore, withowt any offence of the night, gyueth his inlluence 
 vppon thofe landes with heate that ncuer ceafethe durvnge that tyme which maketh to the great increafe of 
 foommer by reafon of continuance. We haue now therfore thought good to gather by a certeyne coniecture 
 howe greately wee thinke the foonmier to bee increafed hereby. 
 
 Wee haue before declared howe hyghe tlie foonne is eleuate ouer the regions that are vnder the poles at 
 the Raye of the foonne: And fo nianye partes is it eleuate in Rome at the Ray of the foonne in wynter (that is) 
 at the fliorteR day in the yeare. liut lure, in the mydde wynter, the foonne at noone tyde is beneficiall, and 
 bryngeth foorth lloures, rofes, and iektloures. 1 haue gathered fum in wynter in the moneth of December, 
 not procured at home by humane arte, but growin^e in open gardenes in maner in cuer)- bedde vnder the bare 
 heauen, browght foorth only by the foonne. I'.ut this benignitie of the foonne, continueth not paR fiue houres 
 
 ziglerus. 
 
 The qllalilie of 
 sni)iiK;r ill (.uulti 
 rc^iuns. 
 
 The course tif the 
 suniie. 
 
 V.ipours. 
 
 Sh'irt nml W.iriiie 
 lijuhles. 
 
 GutliLindc 
 
 264 
 
 • )nc diy iif. vi 
 niuncthc:>. 
 
 i Howe the s-'iiiiiicr 
 i% inert;. 1-.C1I in 
 Limld rcgiuns. 
 
 Kome. 
 
 I 
 
 p 
 
 I 
 
 111 
 
 : ( 
 
 p ■ * 
 
 '^'i 
 
 1:! 
 
 
 ii 
 
^ 
 
 'I 
 
 Ml? 
 
 lis 
 
 I3-';* II 
 
 ( 
 
 i': i 
 
 
 296 
 
 Coulii iiiflhts in 
 hot regiunt. 
 
 The Romane 
 wyntcr. 
 
 One nvclit of v 
 nionvtlius 
 
 Obicctiuns. 
 
 The twylvRhtes. 
 
 Thclyijhtufihc 
 iiiunc. 
 
 The nyght vndcr 
 the puic. 
 
 A demonstration. 
 
 265 
 
 The Moonc 
 
 Remedies of 
 nature i^nd art. 
 
 The nwlde wrytet^ 
 jiurMiailc'l by 
 cuniectiirc. 
 
 A brascn pot 
 bruken with frost 
 
 0/ the noH/t regions. 
 
 in the natiir.ill clay, forafimich as th[e]()|)LTation thcrof is extinct by the coiiklciicffe of tiie nyght Iblowynge. 
 15iit if this bcnofite niyght bee rcceaucil witiiowt hiiKleraunce of the nyght, as it is vnilcr the poles, and fo 
 continue many moneihes in hot regions vnto wynter, it lluilde fuerlye brynge fooithe nianye woonilerfuU 
 thyngcs, if nioyflure fayled not. And by this condition tiiiis propounded, wee may well (onceaiu; that the 
 Romane winter, althowgh it be not hotte, yet to be eijiial in heate to the full fprynge tyme ia the fame citic 
 durj-nge the tyme of the fayde fine houres. And thus by a (imilitude of the height of the foonne vnder bothe 
 ])laces, and of the knowen (lualitie of the Romane heauen, and by thfejaccefle of the foonne to fuch places 
 where the longell day conlinueth certeyne monethes, wee maye gather that foommer in places vntler the pole, 
 is lyke vnto anil cipiall with the full Romane fprynge. 
 
 liut the more dilli( ulte (luellion, is of the tyme of ihe. vi. moonethes in the whiche the fnonne leaucth 
 thofe regions, and go[c]lh by the contrarye or ouerthwarte circle towarde the fouth in wynter. for they lay that 
 at that tyme, thufe regions are deformed with horrible darkeneile and nyglUes not increafed. whic h may bee the 
 caufe that beallescan not feke theyr foode. And that alfo the coulde lludde then bee intollerable: by which 
 double eu) Is all thynges conllrayned lluilde dye, fo that no beafle were able to abyde th[ejiniuries of wynter 
 and fimen infuinge therof: but that all bealles Ihulde peryflhe before the fonimer folowynge, when they fluilde 
 bringe furtli theyr broode or fucceflion ; And that for thefe caufes, the fayde coulde clime Ihulde bee i)er[)etu- 
 ally ilefolate and vnhabitable. To al whicli obiections, we anfwere in this mnner 
 
 As tou( hynge the nyghtes not increafed, I faye, that it was not couuenient to affmne that for any reafon. 
 l'"or not as the foonne faulelh, fo fuddeyniy commetli the darke night but that the euenynge dooth fubllitutc 
 and prolonge the day longe al'ier, as alfo the day f))rynge or dawnynge of the daye gyueth a certeyne lyght 
 before the ryfmge of the foonne: After the whiche, the relidue of the nyght that receaueth no light by the fayde 
 euenynge and mornynge twilightes, is accomplyflhed by the lyght of the moone, fo that the nygiites are feldome 
 vnaugmented. Let tiiis bee an exemi)le proued by owre temperate regions, wherby we m.iy vnderllande the 
 contlition of the nyght vnder the pole. 'I'herfore euen there alio the twilightes helpc the nyght a lunge tyme, 
 as we wyl more prefently demonllrate. It is approuetl by the Allrononiers, that the foonne defcendynge from 
 the highell halfe f|)here by. .wiii. paralels of the vnder horizon, makethe an cnde of the twylight, fo that at the 
 lengthe the darke nyght fuccedeth: And that the foonne a|)prochynge, and ryfynge aboue the the hyghell halfe 
 fphere by as many paralels, do( tli diminyfihe the nyght and increafe the twylyght. Ageyne, by the pofition or 
 jjlaceinge of the fphere vnder the ])ole, the fame is the horizontall that is the Kijuinoetiall. 'I'hofe paralelles 
 therefore that are jjaralels to the horizontal line, are alfo jjaralels to the Kiiuinoctiall. So that the foonne 
 defcendynge there vrder the liorizon, dooth not brynge darke nyghtes to thofe regions vntyll it coomme to the 
 paralele dillant. xviii. partes from the E(|uinoctiall. 
 
 Other ilcmonftialions hereof are m.icic by ccitcync fyjjiires of Aftrononiic, whiche I wolde haiie adilcil hereunto Imt that I 
 couUlc not tjelte llie fame graiien or cutte. 
 
 Durynge the tyme of thefe fayde fyxe moonethes of darkenefle vnder the i)ole, the nyght is deflitute of the 
 benefite of the foonne and the fiyde twylyghtes, onely for the fpace of three moonethes, in the whiche the 
 foonne goeth and returneth by llie portion of the ouerthwarl circle. I?ut yet neyther this tyme of three 
 moonethes is withowt remedy fronie heauen. For the moone with her full globe increafed in lyghte, hath 
 accelVe at that tyme, and ilhmiinateth the moonethes lackynge lyght, ciiery one by them fellies, halfe the courfe 
 of the moonethe: by whofe benelite it coommeth to i)alfe that the night, named as vnaugmented, polfelfeth 
 thofe regions no longer then one mooneth and a halfe, neyther that continually or al at one tyme: but this alfo 
 diuided into three forts of lliorter nyghtes, of the whiche euery one endureth for the fjjace of twoo weekes, anil 
 are ilhnninate of the moone acconlyngly. And this is the reafon conceaued of die pome of the fphere wherby 
 we tellilie that the fommers and nyghtes vnder the pole, are tollerable to lyiiynge bealles. 
 
 lUit wee wyll nowe declare by other remedies of nature and arte, that this coulde fo gre;aly feared, is more 
 rcmiffe and tollerable then owre o[)inion: fo that compared to the nature ot fuch bealles as Hue there, it may 
 bee abydden. And there is no doubt but there are autours of more antiquitie then that age in the which any 
 thynge was exactly knowen or difcouered of the north regions. The owlde wryters therfore ])erfuadeil onely 
 by naked coniecture, dydde gather what they myglii determine of thofe jilaces: Or rather by the elliniation of 
 heauen, the which, bycaiife they felle it to bee lianlely tollerable to them felues, and lelfe to men borne in the 
 clyme of Kgypte anil Grecia, tooke therby an argument of the hole habitable earth. The hyllorie of .Strabo is 
 knowen, dpt a potte of bralfe which was broken in funiler with frofen water, was brought from I'ontus and lliewed 
 in Delphis in token of a greuous wynter. Here therfore, they that fo greatly feared the winter (fuch as i haun-^eth 
 to the earth vnder the. xlviii. [forty-eighth] ])aralele) and therefore confecrated that broken pot to thetem|)le of 
 Apollo, what coulde fuch men trenly defme vppon regions fo farre withowt that jiaralele, whether they were 
 inhabited cr not ? Ikit fuch as folowed thefe, being contented with th[e]inuentions of the owlde autours, 
 •.96 
 
Of the noi'lli n'gioiis. 
 
 297 
 
 and borne in niaiuT vmler tlio f.imc (Hialitii' of luamn, iiiTfifloiI uvllynj,'Iy in the fanu' o|iini(in, with iiiorL* 
 confulcncf then ci'Mridcratiiin of tin.' th\ ii,:;c>: wluTcof wee nowe intrcatc; fo lygluly was that o|iini(jn rui laiicil 
 as touchinj; the \iihaliitai]lc chnic vndcr thu polts. Jiiit wc with l)fttcr confukncc and failhc (foralinmh as wu 
 are not inllrutted with coniectures) intend to llande ageynfl the fentence of the owld aiitoiirs: Aflirniin;; tlic 
 nortli regions wiiliin the coulde ilinie to bee iiihaliyted with hearynges, coddes, ii iddoekes, and brettes, 
 tininycs, and other great fyflhes, witii th[e]infinite number wherof, tallies are fiirn) flhed tiirough a great parte 
 of Kurope ; Al whiclie are taken in the north fea extended beyonde owr knoweleage. This fea at lerteync 
 tyines of the yeare, ]>oiireth furlh his plentifiilnelTe, or rather chyiieth furth his inereafe to feke newe inanfions, 
 and are here taken in theyr jiaffage. iMirtherniore alfo, euen the moiithes of the riiier of 'I'yber reieaiie a fyfihe 
 as a newe gefl fent from the north fea. This fwaninie twyfe tiirough Fraunie anil twife thronglie Spayne : 
 Ouerpafll'd the I.igurian and Tiifcan fea to eonnnunicate her fehe to the ( itie of Rome. The lakes alfo and 
 ryuers of thofe regions are repleiiyfllied with fyfllie: In fo much that no poure of couUle is able to extinguyflhc 
 th[e]increafe of tlie yeare folowinge, and the fucceffion reparable fo many himdrelh ycares. And I idaynely 
 thinke, that yf it fliulde of necx'ffitie folowe, that one of thefe two elenientes, the eartiie and the water, (hulde 
 be deflructiue to lyiiynge creatures, the water fluilde chiefely haue wrought this efiecte. IJut this is foiinde fo 
 tractable, that in the diepe wynter, both that increafe is brought furth, and fyflliynge is alfo exer< ifed. The 
 lande is lykewife inhabited with lyke plentil'ulneffe. Ikit that we wander not to ("arre: Let the layth hereof refl 
 in th[e]exi)ofition folowynge, wherin we intend to declare howe by the poure of nature and induftry of man, 
 this commoditie may coomme to paffe. Therfore as touchynge nature, wee ftiiipofe that the dinine prouidence 
 hath made nothynge vncomnninicalile, but to haue gyuen fuch order to all thynges wherby euery thynge maye 
 bee tollerable to the nexte. The extremeties of the elementes confent with theyr next. The ayer is groffe 
 abowt the earth and water: But thinne and hotte abowt the fyre. l!y this prouidence of nature, the vttermod 
 fea is very fake. And fake (as wytneffeth I'linie) yeldeth the fatnelfe of oyle. But oyle, by a ccrteyne natiue 
 heale, is of projjcrtie agreable to fyre. The fea then, beinge all of fuch qualitie, poureth furth it felfe far vppon 
 lh[e]extreme lander., whereby by reafon of the faltenelTe therof, it mouith and llereth \\> generatiue heate, as by 
 fatneffe it noryflhelh the feciuulitie of thynges generate. It gyueth this frutfulncs to the earth at ccrteyne tluds, 
 although the earth alfo it felfe, haue in his inner bowels the fame liiicly and nuryflliynge heate, wlurby not only 
 the dennes, caues and holowe places, but alfo fprynges of water are niatle warnie: And this fo much the more, 
 in howe muche the wynter is more vehement. This thyng dooth more appere by this exemple, that the 
 mountaynes of Norway and Suethlande are frutefnl of metals, in the which, fyluer ami lopper are coiuocte and 
 molten into veynes, which cm fcarfely bee doonne in fornaces. By this reafon alfo, the vapoiiis and hotte 
 exhalations perceinge the earthe and the waters, and throwghe both thofe natures breathynge furth into tiie 
 ayer, tem|)ereth the (lualitie of heauen and niakelh it tollerable to beafles, as wytneffeth the huge byggenelTe of 
 the whales in thofe feas, with the flrength of bodye and longe 1) fe of fuche beaRes as Hue on the lande: whiche 
 thynge coulde not bee, excepte all thynges were there commodioully nuryflhed by the b.'nelUe of the he.uien 
 and the ayer. For nothyng that in the tyme of increafe is hyndered by any iniurie, or that is euyll fcdde all 
 the tyme it lyueth, can profper well. Neyther are fuch thynges as lyue there, olVen<leil with theyr naturall 
 wynter as thowgh an Egii)tian or Kthiopian were fuildeynly conueyed into thofe coulde regions. For they 
 were in longe tyme by lyttle and lyttle browght fyrfl. aciiuaynted will) the nature of that heauen, as may be 
 proued both by the lyfe of man and by the hillorie of holy f( ripture. They that were led from .Mefoj)otania, 
 and that famous towre of Bal)ilon towarde the north ])artes of the worlde in the fyrll difperlion of n.itions, dyd 
 not immediatly paffe to th[ejextreme boundes, but planted theyr habitations fyrll vnder a niyddlc heauen 
 betwene both, as in Thracia and Pontus, where theyr pofteritie w.as accullonied the better to fulleyne the 
 rvgoure of Scythia and Tanais, as he that commeth from winter to foommer, maye the better after abyde Ife 
 and fnowe beinge fyrll hardened thcrto by the frolics of .\utumne. In lyke niaiur mort.dl men, accullomctl to 
 be.ire the hardenelfe of places nexte vnto theyni, were therby at the length more conl'irnied to fulleyne the 
 . .nes. And here alfo, if any fliarpenefl'e remayne that maye feeme intollerable, nature hathe prouyded for 
 the fame with other remedies. For the lande and fea, hathe gyuen vnto beafles, iliejie and large caues, dennes, 
 and other holowe jilaces and fecreate corners in moimtaynes an<l rockes, bothe on the lande and by the fea 
 bankes, in the which are euer conteyned warme vapoures fo much the more intent and vehement, in howe 
 much they are the more conllrayncd by extreme coukl Nature hath alfo gyuen valleys diuerted an<l defended 
 frome the north wyndes. Shee hath lykewife couered bealles with heare fo much tiie thicker in howe muche 
 the veheinencie of could is greater; by reafon wherof the befl and rychell furres are browght from thofe 
 regions, as Sables whofe price is growne to great exieffe nexte vnto gold and prei ious flones, and are efleined 
 princely ornamentes. The beafles that beare thefe furres, are hunted chiefely in wynter (which thynge is more 
 ftraunge) bycaufe theyr heare is thennc thicker and cleaueth faller to the fkyn. Howe greauous then fliall wc 
 thinke the winter to bee there where this lyttle beall lyueth fo well, and where the hunters may fearch 
 
 •".17 
 
 l-'yss(ie^ iif the 
 Nurlli :>cab. 
 
 Tlie Nurlli s^:.^ 
 
 Tlie .|iulillc .if 
 w.ilcr. 
 
 The .;in.lc 
 
 The (tinine 
 primi.li.iH f ill 
 ln"(lcl:(t\llt;c the 
 ! elements 
 
 266 
 
 'I'lic n.vturc of the 
 
 S;.Ilc. 
 licncril.uc luatc. 
 
 Owl\v;ir'lc tciill is 
 Ciiisf uf iiiw.iiilc 
 hu.itc. 
 
 Mcl.tls. 
 
 V.ip'mp: mid 
 exh.ilatiuiih. 
 
 UlmsIl-s. 
 
 Hrrcliy ni.iyc 1>t:c 
 CMiisitLrcti llic 
 cause* of ihc 
 iti.atht; uf M\vr iiii-n 
 lliat -.ivlc (liruil y 
 t'l Guiiic;). 
 No |).iHs;tj;c from 
 oiii; fxlrciiiitiL* to 
 aii'-ihcr but by .i 
 iiir inc. 
 
 C.ttics and lIcmdcs. 
 
 Val'cj-s. 
 
 The l)c>t furies. 
 Sables. 
 
 k ; 
 
 ft 
 
 I 
 
 r 
 
 't 
 
 I 
 
 '.I 
 
WW 
 
 
 11'; ' ; 
 
 h .! 
 
 r 
 
 
 |! ! 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 h\ 
 
 h^^ 
 
 298 
 
 0/ Ihc north regions. 
 
 |lc.i\trs iliit lye 
 h^d III wyiitcr. 
 
 AH hf.i^te* haiie 
 
 llicriiittirc of the 
 pi itc wlitTc tlicy 
 arc ciigeitUtircil. 
 
 267: 
 
 What cYcrcise 
 iiLiy duu. 
 
 Vse inilifih 
 iiia^tci it:.<>. 
 
 SconilU. 
 
 Srone. i« fayrc in 
 tlic liuch tuuiiije. 
 
 The fcrtilitic 
 
 He mcmclh 
 DiuJorus biculus. 
 
 Thtelimmsions of 
 tlic ''uthcs 
 
 Trai)!>iliiania 
 
 268 
 
 the (liniu's nnd h.uintcs of fuch licnllcs tlirowj^hc the wooildcs and fnowe? Hut fuche lic.iflcs the 
 condiiinn of whole bodies is fo tender that tliey are not ahie to al)yde tli[e]iniurie of collide, cythcr 
 lye hydde in wynter, or chaunge thcyr lialiitation, as do certeyne bealles alfo in owre clime. Nature 
 hath furthemiore nyucn remedie to man hothe by arte and indiiftry to defende Iiim felfe both abrode 
 and at home. Abrode, with a thiike velUire, and tiie fame well dowbeled. At home, with lar^c fycrs 
 on hartlu's, chyniyniys, and in flooiies for tlie day, with clofe (hanibers, and couches, fofte and w.irme beddes 
 for the nyghf. by whiclie remedies they mitigate the winters which feeme rigorous to ftraungers, aldiowghe they 
 are to th[e]inhabitauntes more tollerable then owre opinion, as in deede by the fyrd natural mixture or 
 conipofition of theyr bodies, fuch thinges areagreable to them as feeme very harde to other. 'I'lie lion in Af rike 
 and the inare in Sarniatia, are fierce as in theyr prefente flrength and vigoure; but tran(late<l into a contrary 
 lieanen, are of lelVe flrength and cour.age. 'I he foule cauled i'iiv/it\i (which fum tiiinke to bee the llorke) 
 dooth not tary the winter: yet doo the cranes coomme at that tyme. The Scythian wyll accufe the Roniane 
 heauen as indiiceinge feuers, wheras neucrthelelTe there is none more holfoonie. Such as haue byn tenderly 
 biowglit vp, if they coomme fuddeynly in to the camjie, can not away with hunger, watchynge, heate, paffages 
 throwgh ryuers, battayles, fi ges, and alfaiiUes. liut the owld fouldier exercifed in the warres, vfeth thefe as 
 niedit.itions of the fielde, as hardened therlo by longe exjierience. He that hath byn accuflonied to the 
 Ib.uiowe of the citie, and wyll attempte the fayinge of the poet Virgil, A'm/iis am, fere niu/iis, that is, naked and 
 bare withowt houfe and home, fliall to his perell make an ende of the verfe, Hahebis frij;ora fihem (that is) 
 he fliall haue the coulde ague. Suche thynges therfore as feeme harde vnto vs, beinge accullomcd by lyttle and 
 lytlle, beconnue more tollerable: In fo much tiiat this exen ife of fufferaiiiK e by fucii degrees, dooth oftentymes 
 grow to prodigious effectes farre beyonde owre expectation. And thus wee feeme to haue m.ide fuflkient 
 demonflration, by heauen, nature, and arte, \vherl)y it may appere that no part of the lande or fea is denyed to 
 lyuynge creatures. The reailer nt.ay alfo perceaue how large matter of reafons antl excmi)les may bee opened 
 for the declarynge of owre opinion wherein wee rell. Let therfore th[e]aiUoritie of the ancient autours gyue 
 ])lace, and the conlent of tlie newe wryters agree to this hyRory, not as nowe at the length conijirehended 
 (whereas before many hu idreth yeares Germanie and Scondia had enteicoiirfe of niar<haundies not feiiered by 
 the large goulfe of Cothia) but as nowe by ow commentaries brought to light. And hauyng fayde thus much 
 in maner of a preface, we wvU nowe pro',,,de to wryte of the north regions. 
 
 C SCIIONDIA. 
 
 rChondia, Rchondania, or Schondenmarchia, is as mui h to fay as fayrc Dania or fayre DiMimarkc. 
 riinie in one place, nametii it .Scandia, and in an other, Scandinauia if there bee no faute in 
 th[e]exeniplers. It was named Schondia, by reafon . i the fayreneffe and frutfulneffe therof. 
 And this afwell for that in beneficiall heauen, fertilitic of grounde, commoditie of hauens and 
 niarte townes, abundaunce of ryuers of fyfflie, jjlentie of beafles, great ([uantitie of nietall, as 
 golde, fyluer, cojiper, and leade, diligent culturynge the grounde, with townes and cities wel 
 inhal)ite<l and gouerned by ciuile lawes, it gyuethe ]ilace to none other fortunate region. 
 This was in maner vnknowen to the owlde Cireekes and Latins as may appeare by this argumente that with one 
 confente they atVirmcd that in thefe north regions the could zone or clime, was condemned to j)erijetuall fnowe 
 intollerablc to all lyuynge creatures. For few of them haue made mention hereof as to be inhabited. Amonge 
 whom riinie as one of the chiefe, fayth in his fourth bcoke, that Schondania is of vnknowen byggenefle: and 
 only th.it ])ortion therof to be knowen which is inhabit jd with the nation of the Hilleuioncs in fiftie vyllages. 
 Neyther yet is Kiiingia leffe in oi)inion. Other more aundent tben I'linie, haue iilaced mofl fortunate regions, 
 with men of longe lyfe (whiche the Greekes caule Afttcmliios) anl of moflc innocente behauour vnder the tracte 
 of thofe landes; and that there came from thence to Delphos, ctrteyne religious virginncs with vowcs and gyftes 
 confecrated to Ajiollo: And furthermore that that nation obferued this inflitution vntyll the fayde virgins were 
 violated of them of whome they were receauetl as ftraungers. Thefe are mod cleare teflinionies of .Vnti'juitie, 
 both of the greatnelTe of Schondia, and the ])eo[)le that inhabite the fame, althowgh they were fen'c \iik «i'n, 
 
 'iii)ii 
 
 as lykewyfe the (iothes departynge from thefe north landes althowghe they obleyned Th| 
 
 abowte the marifllies of Meotis and the coades of the fea Kuxinus, with the realme ' 
 
 is thought to lice a portion which is nowe cauled Tranfiluania) and the bankes of tl 
 
 in fine inuaded the Romane Kmiiire, yet were not the regions wel knowen fron 
 
 originall. Therefore lyke as parte of the owlde wryters are vnfufficient wytnelTes to > 
 
 as touchynge thefe landes vnknowen to them, Euen fo the other parte which excluded the .ime vnhabit.-ible, 
 
 are to bee conuinced leafle thcyr autoritie beinge admitted, fliuld engender opinions not agrceabl'- or conuenient 
 
 to the nature of ])laces. Sigifmundus Liberus, in his commentaries of Mofcouia, wryteth thus. Scandia or 
 
 j«8 
 
 f the regions 
 
 (wherof that 
 
 11 Danubius, aid 
 
 le they tcwjke thr_» r 
 
 i- of ow narrations 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 
■ 
 
 mm 
 
 Of the north regions. 
 
 299 
 
 S(c)iuli;i, is no Hand (as fume haiie thought) but parte of the rontinonte or firtne lamle of Siicti.i, whidi liy a 
 lonj^e trartc reachoth to (Joililandc: And that nowc the kyngc of Diiuiiarke poniHiili a nn-at partf llKiof. I!iit 
 wlicras the wryti'is of tlicic tliiiigos hauc made Siondia urealcr lliiii SiK^lia, and that the (lothc^s and I.unilunK-s 
 raine Iron,, th.^nfe, tlicy Iiciik' in my opinion to coniprc-licnde thcfc tlirce kyni;oi(>in.s as it were in one hody, 
 only Midcr tlie name of Seondia, forafnuu h as then, that i)artc of landc that lyeth betwene the fea Hultlieum 
 (wliuhe tloweth by the coallis of Finlandia) and the frofen fea, was vnknowen; And that by reafon of fo many 
 mariniies, innumerable ryucrs, and intemperatneUe of iieaiien, it is yet rude vnciiltured, and lyttle knowcn. 
 V\hirh tliyii;;e hath byn the taufc that fumnic iudged all that was taulcU by the name of .Seondia, to bee one 
 great Uande. 
 
 if Groxlande. 
 
 Roiilande is Intel prctcd grecnc landc: fo caulod for the great increafe and frutefulncfTe of 
 jiallure. liy reafon uherof, what great plentie of ('atta)le there is, it may hereby appere that 
 at fu htymeas Ihyppes may paffe thytlur they fet furth (,Teat heapes of cheefe and butter to 
 bee fould, wlierby wi : eonieeture that the lande is not rowgh with barren niountaynes. Jt 
 hath two Cathedrall churches vnder th[eJordination of Nidrofia. 'J"o one of tliel'e, was of 
 late ycares a byflliop appoynted onely by the tytle of a fuffragane in confuleration that while 
 the nietiopolitane dooth nef;le( t the direction of religion for the diflance of the ])laee and 
 (lifRcMiIt nauigation, the peojile is in maner faulne to gentilitie, beinge of them felfe of mouablc wyttes and gyuen 
 to magical artes. For it is layile that they (as alfo the people of l.aponia) doo rayfe tempelles on the fea with 
 magical in< hauntmentes, and brynge fuch Ibippes into ilaungeour as they intende to fpoile. 'i'hey vfe lytlle 
 fliyiipes made of lether, and fafe ageynde the brufynge of the fea and rockes, and with them aliayle other 
 fliippes. Peter Martyr of Angleria, writeth in his Dei ades of the Spanifllie nauigations, that Sdiallian Cabote 
 fa)ling from Fnglande continually towarde the north, folowed that courfe fo farre that he clicuuircd v|,pon 
 greate Hakes of Ife in the niooneth of luly: and that diuertynge from tlieufe, he folowed the coalle by the lliore 
 bendynge to> 'rde the South vntyl he came to the clime of the llande of Hif|)aniola aboue Cuba, an Hand of 
 the Canibal;s. Whii h narration hath giuen me occafion to extende Gronlande be\ onde the jiromontory or cajie of 
 Huitfarch to the continente or firme lande of I.ajjponia aboue the cailell of Wardhus: whi( h thynge I did the 
 rather for that the reuerende Archebyfflioppe of Nidrofia, conllantely afl'irmed that the fea bendethe there into 
 the forme of a crooked elbowe. It agreeth herewith alfo, that the I-apones confent with them in the lyke magi- 
 cal jiractifes and doo neyiher imbr.U'e the C'hrillian religion nor refufe it; wherby I haue thowght this lykeneffe 
 of cutlomes to bee betwene them bycaufe they ioyne togyther in one continent. The diflance lykewyfe, feemelh 
 not to difagree. For betwene both thefe people, the dillance is not hill twoo humlreth Sclxeni, euery one being 
 a fpace of gnmnde conteinyng. I.\. [sixty] furlonges, whii h make. vii. [seven] myles ami a lialfe. It furthermore 
 agreeth with this eonieeture that Cabote chaunfed into fuch Ife. And albeit as touchynge the mooneth 01" luly, 
 1 wyll contend it is not well reherfed, no allhowghe he had fayled vnder the pole, for fiu h reafons as we ; haue 
 declared before to the contrary, neuerthelefle, that at fum tyme he fayled by Ife, this tellilieth in that he f.yled 
 not by the mayne fea, but in places nere vnto the lande comiirehendyng and imbrafyng the fea in tonne (.-■ a 
 goulfe, wheras for the fame c.uife, the goulfe of Gothland is frofen bycaufe it is llreyglu and narow, in the whi( he 
 alfo the lyttle (piantitic of fait water is ouercoome by the abundance of frefihe water of many and greate ryiiers 
 that faule into the goulfe. Hut betwene Norwaye and Illande, the fea is not frofen for the contrary caufe, 
 forafmuch as the pourc of frefflie water is there ouercomme of th[e]abundance of the fall, water. There is a 
 fame (but of vncerteyne autoritie) that the Spanyardes fayle at this prefeiite to Gronl'.r.ilc, and to an other lande 
 which they caule Tom viridis, that is, the greene lande, briiigynge from the'ife fuche wares as are foiinde in 
 Gronlande. Towarde the north, it reacheth to the vnknowen lande vnder the pole, from whenfe alfo the 
 theues and robbers of the I'igmei coonimc into this lande. Whiche is an argument that the regions vnder the 
 pole are inhabited and almofl enuironed with the fea, as are they whi( he the Cofmographers caule Cherfunnefi 
 or I'eninfulx (that is) almofl Ilandes : 
 
 ^^ 77ie ilcfa-iption of Gronlande. 
 f[ The def dipt ion of the Eajlfyde whkhe lyeth towarde Norwiiy. 
 
 [LnnRitmlf.l (l.,itiniilc ) 
 
 54 [degrees] [o*] 70. 30' The feconde extention. 
 5,V 30' 71. 30'. Huit(;irch. [iromont. 22. 
 
 40. [o'] 71. 40' The extention. 5. 
 
 •356. 
 
 ([.■MlKilude 1 
 
 28. [O'] 
 
 [I.atiliiael 
 72. 
 
 •Wardhus caflell. 
 
 Towarde the North. 
 
 The fyrfl extention. 
 
 It is continued from thcnfe by the coafles of the lande of Baccallaos. 
 
 Towarde the weft and north, it is termined with an vnknowen enile of landes and feas. 
 
 [♦ W.irdochuus is the chief vilKige of Wardoc, an island on the N.E. coast of NorwMy. beyond the North Cipe and near Wamngrr Fiord. Its true N. Lat. 
 *• 70" 23', and E. I-oor. 31" 7'. Therefore Zicglcr's meridian in all the following dales .licing 54 degrees west of Wanloehuus is re.illy 33 degrees W. Long., 
 and that therefore he places Baccallos 4 decrees still further west— fixes it in 37° W. Long., uhich is, in high latitudes, the longitude of .1 partof Greenland.— E. .V] 
 
 [o'l 
 
 67. 
 61. 
 60. 
 
 [0'] 
 
 [o'l 
 
 45' 
 
 o'l 
 
 The Cntlirs anj 
 LutiiLuiUcih 
 
 Frutefull pasture. 
 
 Inchaunters 
 
 The vv-'itf of 
 Scl.,isti.iri l/.tl'iite 
 lu iht froifiii HL.t. 
 
 CirnnLinJe. 
 Wardhui, 
 
 Lnpponiii and 
 (irntiUiide. 
 
 SchoenL 
 
 C.ihote touM me 
 th:U this Nc '\- '>f 
 frc^^he w.itcr, and 
 nut uf ihc kco. 
 
 A comniixiinn ^ ■ 
 
 s lit water and 
 
 •'"f CHS he 
 
 'I'h • sea betwene 
 
 Niir\ ay i'lid 
 
 Maridc. 
 
 Tfrra t iridii. 
 
 269 
 
 igiiiel. 
 
 Baccalaoa 
 
 h, i' 
 
 m 
 
 \\ 
 
 1 
 
if 
 
 f I, 
 
 'S > 
 
 M 
 
 4 
 
 1 K 
 
 fcM i 
 
 it! 
 
 'i' 
 
 I 
 
 1:: 
 (,ii 
 
 ,1' 
 
 KM': 
 
 ! 
 
 I! 
 
 300 
 
 Of the tiof/h regions. 
 
 Thyle. 
 
 MiraclL"; nf ii.it urc ; 
 ill IsUnde. I 
 
 Iiiuiliil.i' i)i.:ta 
 
 
 Straunfie visions. 
 
 Turgitory. 
 
 A htraiiti^ctliynge. 
 
 Four *princ^ "f 
 cuiiir.try ii.iiiirc 
 
 Aliiintliiincc of 
 l)riiii''l<>iiv. 
 
 Dryt'il fysslic. 
 Sc.irscnes of rnrni:. 
 
 270 
 
 Il.uikcs 
 While raviuns. 
 
 H<tii-.cs uf whales 
 
 Ih.IU-S. 
 
 'I'tif n.iuig:uion In 
 
 iMxt thyiiffe 
 utrntyii^j f'tr 
 contrary vks. 
 A ^hi)H1lans 
 qu.iiir.iiit 
 
 ISLANDE. 
 
 Slandc is inlcrprctcd the land of Ife, and is caulcd of the owldc wryters Thyle. It is extended 
 bctwcnc tlic fouth anil the north almofl two hundrcth fchocncs in longitude. It is for the 
 niofl (lai full of mountaynes and vnculturcd. But in the ])laynes it hath fuche fnitefull 
 jiallurcs, iliat they arc fiyne funictynics to dryue the bcallus from their fccdynge leafl they 
 fluilue hee fulTurate wiili to much fiitncs. This Hand is famous by the flrange miracles of 
 nature, of the which Saxo Gr;miniaticus in his hyflorie of Dcnmarke, and Olanus (lOthus in 
 !iis defcription of t' c north landes, doo make mention. There are in it three mountaynes of 
 niarue\l<nis lieight, the to|ipes wherei fare couered with perpetuall fnowe. IJut the nether partes of them, are 
 of l\ke n.iture to the mountayne 'Itna in the llande of Siciiie boyling with continuall flames of fyre and 
 callynge furth 't} nillone. Oneof.hefe is named Helga, and the other Mohs O'/zr/V (that is) the mounte of 
 the crolVe. The tliyrde is named Hecia: whofe flames neyther confume flaxe or towe, matters mofle apte to 
 take fyre, nor yet ar ; (|uenched with w.Uer. And with lyke force as the rtiotte of great artillerie is driuen furth 
 by violence of fyre, euen fo by the commixtion and rc|)ugnaunce of fyre, coulde, and brymllomc, greate ftones 
 are here throwne into the ayer. Nere vnto thefe mountaynes are three chynkes or ojjcn places in the earthe 
 of houge byggeiieffe and fui he depth (efpecially at the mounte Hecla) that no fyght can attayne therto. IJut to 
 fuch as looke into them, there fyrll appeare men as thowgh they were drowned and yet brealhyng furth theyr 
 fowlcs: who beinge exhorted by theyr fren'ies to reforte to theyr owne, they aunfwere with moornynge voyce 
 and greuous fyghes, that they mufi deparle frome thenfe to the mount Hecla, and therwith fuddeynly vanyfflie 
 owte of fyght. Ife floweili abowt tile llande for the fpace of feuen or eyght moonethcs, makynge by nmnynge 
 togyther a ccrteyne miferable waylinge and gronynge noyfe not vnl)ke the voyce of man. 'l'h[e]inhalii- 
 tauntes thynke, that in this Ife and the mounte Hecla, are the jilaces where the euyll foules of theyr people 
 are tormented. If any man take a gre.ite |)ortion of this He, and kepe it as diligently as may bee in a dofe 
 veffell or cofer, the fame dooth fo v.inyfihe at the tyme when the other Ife abowt the llande dilTolueth, that not 
 fo nuu h as one droppe of water or lie can tlierof bee founde. 
 
 Not farre from thefe mount.iynes reachynge toward the fea coafl.es, av' foure fprynges of water of mofle 
 diuers and contrary nature. Tiie fyrlle, by reafon of his periietuali anil feruente heate, fuddeynely turneth all 
 bodies that are carte therin, in'o flones, releruyiige neuerthelelTe theyr fyrll forme and fliape. The feconde, is 
 of iiilollerable couldenefle. The thyrde is fweeter then hony, and moll pleafaunte to <|uenche thyrfl. The 
 fourth is pl.i\ne poyfoii, pellilent, and deadely. There is furthermore in thefe f|irynges fuche abundaunce of 
 brymllone, that a thoufande pounde weight therof is bought for lyttle, as for the tenth parte of a ducate. 
 Theyr i hiefe wares, are ilryed fyfihe, as foles, inaydens, playces, falpas, fl.ockefyfflies, and fuch other which they 
 excljange for wheat and fuch other thyngcs as are browght thyther from Lubeck, Hamborowe, anil Amilerdam. 
 l*'ur they haue oflent\nKs liu h fiarfeneffe of corne, that they vfe dryed tyfllie in the lleade of breade, althowgh 
 in foonnner the llande fo fliir\flheth with greene ami frulefull medowes, that they are fayne fumlimes to dryue 
 theyr bealles from pallure learte they fliulde fuft'ocate lor to much fattenelTe, as I haue fayilc before. They 
 make very good butter, and apte to bee vfed in matters of i)hiflcke. There are founde dyuers kindes of good 
 haukes, as faulcons, gerfalcons, l.iuners, and fpcrh.iukes. Alfo rauens, crowes, beares, hares, and foxes, both 
 whyte and blacke. They haue mofl fw\ fte horfes: and fuch as runne. xxx. [thirt) ] myles continu.diy withowt refl or 
 bavte. They haic many churches: and hoiifes biiylded of the l)ones of whales and other greate fyflhes. 'I'he 
 nauigation is nit open to this llande but in fommer feafon: and that only for the fpace of foure moonethes, by 
 reafon of the coulde and Ife whereby the paffage is flo|)peil. If any llryfe or ilebate arjfe on the fea amonge 
 the mariners for the connnodilie of the hauen, the gouernour of the place althowgh lie haue knowleage theiol, 
 yet doiith he nol puiiylihe tlieui, 'brafmui h as it apperteyiiclh not to his oDice to decerne fui h thynges as are 
 doonne on the fea, but only on the lande. .Shippes are thei ■ often tymes in great perell by reafon of whales 
 ami fuch other monflers of the fea, excepte the mariners take good heede anil kecpe them farre frome the 
 fli\ppes with the noyfe of ilroommes, and einptie barrels call into tiie fea. There are many mynllrels and 
 other that jilay on inflrumentes, with the fweete noyfe whereof, they vfe to allure foules and fiflhes to theyr 
 iietles ami liiar's. M.iny alfo, lye lurkynge in caues and dennes to auoyde the fliarpeiielTe of coaldc, as the 
 Affricmes doo the lyke to defend tJiem felues from the heate. On the tnppe of a certeyne mountayne caiiled 
 W'eyf/arch, (lyinge betwene lllande aim Ciruntl.ind or Cironlande) is erected a Ihypmans ciuadrant of niarucilous 
 byggeneffe, m.ule by two jtirales nauied I'innigt and rothorll in fauour of fuch as f.iyle by thofe coafles th.it 
 tluy III, IV therby auoyile the d.uingerous places lyinne towanle Cinmland. 
 
 'Hie myddell of the llande. 7 o'[I.ong.] 65 30.' [I.at.J The citie Harfol. etc. 7 40' [Long] 60 42'[I.at,] 
 300 
 
 
 

 Of the north regions. 
 
 301 
 
 42' [Lai.] 
 
 Lai'onia. 
 
 He region ofT.aponia, was fo named of the people that innabite it. For the Ccrmayns, caule 
 all fiu'lie I«ipones, as are fimiile or vnapte to tiivnges. This people is of fmaule llature, and 
 of fuel) agilitie of hodie, that haiiynge theyr (|uyuers of arrowe:: gerte to them and theyr 
 bowes in theyr handes, they can with a leape, calle theym fellies throwgh a cirele or hope of 
 the diameter of a eubite. They feyght on foote, armed with bowes and arrowes after the 
 maner of the Tartars. They are e.x.rci fed in hurlynge the tlarte and flicjotynge from theyr 
 youth : in fo mui lie that they giue theyr ehyldren no meate vntyll they hit the marke lliey 
 flioote at, ar dyd in owlde tyme thr<"]inhabitauntes of tlie Ilandes cauled Baleares. They vfe to make theyr 
 apjiarell flreight and clofe to tlieyr boddies that it hynder not theyr woorke. 'I'h.'yr winter veflures are made 
 of the hole flcinncs of feales or beares artificially wrought and made fupple. Tiiefe they tye with a knottc 
 ai)oue theyr heades, leauynge oneiy two ht)les open to looke through, and h.iue all the refwlue of theyr bodies 
 '.lered as thoughe they were fowed in faekes, but that this beinge adapted to all partes of theyr bodies, is fo 
 made for coninioditie and not for a puniflliement as the Romans were accudomed to fowe paricides in faekes 
 of lether with a cotke, an ape, and a ferpent. and fo to hurle tlieni alyue all togither into the ryuer of 'i'yber. 
 Anil hereby I thinke it came to paffe that in owlde tyme it was raflhely beleiied th.it in thefe regions 
 there were men with rowgh and hery bodies, wilde bealles, as i)arte m.ule rel.ition throwi;lie ignor.umce, 
 jiarte alfo takynge pleafure in rehearfiU of fiu he thynges as are llraunge to the hearers. Tile l.apones 
 ('efended by this arte and indullry, go abrode and withllamle the fharpenes of wynter and the north 
 wyndes. with all the iniiiries of heauen. They h.uie no hoiil'e.s, but certeyne tabeiii.icles like ttntes or hales 
 wherwith they paffe from place to ])l.ice and change theyr manfions. Sum of them Hue after the maner of the 
 ]>eople of .Sarmatia cauled in owlde tyme .\maxc)bii, which vfed waynes in the lleade of houfes. They are much 
 gyuen to huntynge; and haiie fuch plentie of wykle beaftes that they kyll them in maner in euery place. 
 It is not lawfuU for a woman to go furth of the tente at that doore by the whiche lier hufliande wente 
 owte on huntynge the fame daye: nor yet to touche with iier hande any parte of the beafle that is taken 
 vntyll her hulb.mde reache her on the f[)itte fuehe a portion of llefflie as he ihinkclh good. They lyll not the 
 groiinde. The region nuryflheth no kynde of ferpentes; yet are there grcate and noyfoome gnattes. Tliey 
 take fyfllie in greate plentie : by the comnioililie wherof, they lyue after the maner of the Ethiopians cauled 
 Ichthiophagi. For as thcfe drie theyr tifihe with feruent heate, fo doo they drye them with coulde, and grynde 
 or llampe liieni to ])oiider as fmaule as me.ile or tloiire. They h.Mie fuch abimdaunce of thefe fyflhes, that 
 they hourd great plentie therof in certeyne (lore houfes to cary them vnto other l.indes nere abowt ihein, as 
 Northbiithni.i and \Vhyte KulVu. 'I'heyr fliyp|)es arc not made with nayles, but are tide togyther and made 
 fad with cordcs and wyththes. Willi thefe they fayle by the fwyft ryiiers betwene the mountaines of I-iponia, 
 bciiige naked in fonimer that they may the better fwynime in the tyme of perell, and gather together fiitli wares 
 as are in daiiiiger to bee loll by Ihipwracke. Part of them exercife handie craftes, as imbrotheryuge and 
 weauynge of cloth interlaied with golde and fylrer. Suche as li.iue diuifed any neceffary arte, 01 doo incre.ife 
 and amende tli[e|inuentions of other, are opi'ilye honoured, and rewarded with a veflure, in the which is 
 imbrothered an argument or token of the tliynge they deiiifed. And this remayneth to the polleritie ol theyr 
 famelie in token of theyr deferte.s. They frame Ihippes, buylde houfes, and make diners fortes of houlholde 
 n.uft'e artificially, and tranfporte them to other plai es neare abinvte. They bye and fell bothe tor exi haiiiige of 
 rtares and for money. And this only by confent of both jiarties wiilunvi communiiai ion : yet not for l.icke of 
 wytte or for nidenelVe of maners, but bycaufe they haue a peculiar language vnknowen to theyr bortherers. It 
 is a valiant nation, and lyued longe 1 e, and fulleyned the warres of Norwaye and Suecia vntyll at the length 
 they fubmitted them felues, and p.i)(le ryche furres for theyr tribute. They i hofe them felues a goiiernoiir 
 whom they laule a kynge. lUit the kyng of .Siietia gyueth liyin autorilie and adminillration. NeuerthelelVe, the 
 people in theyr liites and doubtfull caufes, reforte to Suecia to haue theyr matters ilecifed. 
 
 In theyr iomeys, they go not to any Imie, nor yel enter into any houfe, but lye all nyght vmler the firma- 
 ment. They haue no horfes : but in the lleade of them, they tame certeyne wyld beafles which they caule Keen, 
 beinge of the iiille byggenelVe of a mule, with rowgh lieare lyke an \\W, i loueii feete, and brauiiched homes lyke 
 a harte, but lower and with fewer antlettes. They wyll not abyde to bee rydileii. liiit when theyr jieitrels or draw- 
 ynge collers are jmt on them, and they fo ioyned to the charlotte or lleade, they riinne in thef|)aceof. xxiiii. [twenty- 
 four] hoiires, a himdreth and liflie niyles, or. xxx. [thirty] fi hiunos : The whiche fpace they atlirme to chaiinge 
 the hori/oii thiyfe : that is tliryfe to cooine to the furthell ligiie or iiiarke that they fee a farre of. Wliich 
 doubtlelTe is a token both of the nurueylous fwifliielfe and gre.it llrengtli of thefe bealles beinge able to eon- 
 
 People of great 
 agilitie. 
 
 A simitnge 
 aiip.ircll. 
 
 'I'he caii»(e of .-la 
 uwldc crruure. 
 
 So tloo ihe 
 l.trur*. 
 
 IMcnti,; of wylii 
 
 271 
 
 N't serpent*. 
 (■ruut ^natiw 
 
 Alxinilaunre (»f 
 f> Side. 
 
 Ships witliowt 
 iiuyluft. 
 
 Science honoured 
 
 l!,iri:''in>n(»e 
 
 N.I hitnen. 
 
 A Ik-.ui .if 
 iii.inicv Inll^ 
 slrvii^tti am) 
 
 kWyflllUtliU 
 
 Wh.ll Si hfictiii* tl. 
 I.iike ill <ir<titl.iiti1. 
 1 tie \ h.ingc ufthtt 
 hurizuii. 
 
 'ii 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 ^1 
 
 i%\ 
 
m 
 
 ■■( 
 
 1 * 
 
 ; 
 
 ir 'i 
 
 1 ii I 
 
 302 
 
 c.uilcii .Ul tlic 
 north people 
 Scylhyaris. 
 
 Erasmuslamentcth 
 this in his fypttc 
 booke du r;itnie 
 concionand), 
 where he spcakcth 
 of the pc"p a. 
 cauted pilapii 
 
 272 
 
 Idol a trie. 
 
 A imsterie of 
 iii.iri.igj ill fyre 
 and thiiL. 
 
 rtemic of bCA 
 fyss'it?. 
 
 Wardhiii. 
 
 Exncrte 
 incluiiiiitcrs. 
 
 Magical dartes. 
 
 The canker. 
 
 One nyght of 
 
 three inuunethes. 
 
 0/ the north irgicns. 
 
 tincwc ninnynge for fo great a fi)ace, in the mcanc whylc alfo fpendyiige fuintyme in fecdynge. I fuppofe 
 that this tliyngc was fiinicwhat kiioweii to the owlile wryters, aithdugh receaiieil in nianner by an ohfiaire 
 anil doubtful fame. For tliey alfo wryte that certeyne Scythians doo rytle on hartes. 
 
 They ncythor folowe the Chridian religion, nor yet refufe it or arc ofl'endeil therwith as are the luwes: but 
 do fuintymes receaue it fauorably to gratifie the princes to whomt'. they obey. And that no more of theym 
 in'.brafe the Chridian fayth, the faute is finnwhat to bee imputed to the byfflioppcs and prelates that haue 
 eyther reiected this cure and charge of indnictynge the nation, or fuffered the faith of Chrid to be futTocat'; 
 euen in the fyrd fprynge. For vnder the pretenfe of religion, they uoulde haue aduaiinceil theyr owne reuenues 
 and ouerburthencd the people by an intollerable exeniple, none otherwyfe here llicn in ail L'liridendome, 
 which thynge is doubtlede the caufe of mode greuous defections. I harde lohn a byflhoppe of (lothlande fay 
 thus : AVe that goucrne the churclie of Vpfalia, and haue vnder owre diocede a great parte of that nation, lyke 
 as it is not conueniente to declare many thynges of owre vigilance and attendaunce ouer the ilocke connnittcil 
 to owre charge, euen fo abdeynynge fronie myfcheuous couetoufncffe wlierby religion is abufed for hiker, we 
 doo in all places owre diligent endeuour that we minider none occafion whereby this nation as offended by owre 
 fumes, maye bee the leffe wyllynge to embrafe the Chridian fayth. This is lie date of the religion anionge the 
 I-apones: Althowgh of theyr owne inditution and cudome receaued of theyr prediceffours, they are Idolalours, 
 IioiiDurjnge that lyuynge thynge that they meete fyrd in the mornynge, for the gotl of that daye, and <liiiiiiynge 
 thereby theyr gond lucke or euyll. They alfo erecte images of dones vpon the mountaines wliieh they edeenie 
 as goddes, attiibuiing to them diuine honour. They folemne marriages, and begynne the fune witli fyre and 
 flynte, as with a myderie fo aptely applyeil to the image of done as if it had byn receaued frome the mydilede 
 of Clrecia. For in that they adhil>ite a myderie to fyre, as they doo not this alone (Ibrafmuche as the Romanes 
 obferued the famj cudome) euen fo are they herein partly to be commended in that they vfe the ceremonies of fo 
 noblea peojjle. The myderie of the llinle is no leile tol)eei)rayfed,bothforafmucheasthisisilomedicall iOulofo[)hie, 
 and hath alfo a nere atlinitie and fignificalion to thefe folemnities. For as the flynt hath in it fyre lyinge hytlde 
 whiche ai)pearedi not but by mouynge and force, fo is there a fecrcate lyfe in both kyndes of man and woman 
 whiclie by nnituall i oniunction coommethe furth to a lyuynge byrtli. 'I'hey are furthermore e:\|)erte iiu haiuiters. 
 They lye thee knottes on a drynge hangynge at a whyppe. \Vhen they lofe one of thefe, they rayfe toll'.Table 
 wyndes, A\'hen they lofe an other, the wynile is more vehement. Hut by lofyng the thyrde, they rayfe jilayne 
 tempedes .as in owlde tyine they were accudonied to rayfe thunder and lyghtnynge. This arte doo they vfe 
 ageind fuch as .ayle by theyr coades, and daje or moue the ryuers and feas more or lefle as they lyll to Ihewe 
 fauoure or difpleafure. They make alfo of leade certeyne <liorte magicallil.irtes of the (luantitie and length of a 
 fynger. Thefe they ihrowe ageynde I'uche of whome they defyre to bee reuenged, to jtlaces neuer fo farre 
 ilidant. They are fumtimes fo vcxeil wiiii the canker on their amies or legges that in the fpace of three dayes 
 they dye throwgh the vehemencic of the ji.iyne. The foiine fauleth very lowe in thefe regions: and p-olungetii 
 one continu.dl uyglue for the fpace of Hire nioonethes in wynter, durynge whiche lynie they haue none other 
 lyght but l\ke \nto the twylyght of euen)n^es and niornynges. This is vciy cieare, but coiilinuclh but fewe 
 iioiires, and is lyke the br\ght fliynynge of the nioone. 'I'herfore that day t'lat the fonne returnelh to the 
 hemifpherie, tliey keepe holy day and make great niyrth wiih folemne fediuiiie. .\nil thefe are the nianers o^ 
 this nalioii; not fo brutNflhe or faluage as woorthy tlierfore to bee cv.uled l.apoiies for theyr vna)>tnelVe or 
 fmiplicitie as when they lyued vnder tluyr owne limpire and vfed no fimiliaritie or entercourfe with other 
 nations and kiiewe not the commoditie of theyr owne thynges, neyiher the pryce and ediinaiion of theyr furres 
 in osvre regions, by reafon whereof they foulde great ,)!entie of them for funi of owre wares of fniaule value. 
 
 The boimdes or limitles of Lajujuia (beinge th[e]extreine la'ide of .Scondia knowen towarde the north pole) 
 are e\ten<led towarde this jiarte of the N'orth, to the worlde )et vnknowen to vs: And furthermore towarde the 
 fame i>arte of the vtterniod fea, accordynge to this defciiptioii. [LonKim.!.- ) (i.,ii.iuao.i 
 
 The fyrd roade, 70 [o'] 72. [o'] 
 
 The coade folowynge, 80 [o'] 7. [o'] 
 
 That that yet foloweth, yo [o'j 70. [o'j 
 
 Froine the f\llhynge pl.ices and (lore houfes of tliis fea, lliey cary foorth to Xordbothni.i an<l whyte Uiiffia, 
 landes coiifiiiyiige to them, great iilelitie of fyfihe, Wlurby we may i oniecture that this fea is extended on 
 fuery fyile toward the North. Towarde the wede, it is limitted with the mode inwardc goulfc of at the Cadell 
 of W.irdhus at th-j drgree. 54 [o'ljl.ong] 70 3o.'[!»it.] 
 
 Towarde the Si)iithe,it isl)miti-\l by a line Jrawcn fromthenfc viito the degree. 90 [o' Long.] 6y. [o' I.at.] 
 
 *v 
 
 j 
 
 .1 
 
 s 
 
 3); 
 
 li V 
 
Of the north regions. 
 
 303 
 
 • 
 
 NoRWEGiA OR Norway. 
 
 Ordway, is as muclie to fay as the Northwaye. This was fuintyme a floryffliynge kyngcdome, 
 whofe dominion comprehended Denmarke, Frifelando and the liandes farre abowt, vntyil 
 tlie domellical Kmpiie was gouerncd by the fuccefiion of inheritaunce. In the meane tyme 
 while this goucrnaunce ceafed for lacke of dcwe iffue, it was inllituted liy confent of the 
 noliilitie that the kynges fliiiid l)e admitted by election : fiippofinge that they wolde with more 
 C(|uilie execute that office forafniiiche as they were jilaced in the fime by fiuh aiitoritie, and 
 not by ohtepiynge the kyngedome by fortune and newe adiiauncement. IJut it came fo to 
 paffe, that as cuery of them excelled in richeffe, ambition and faiiour by confanginitie, fo were they in greater 
 hope to obteyne the kyngedome: And were by this meanes diuidcd into factions, attemlyng aifo occafions 
 t[o]iniiade foraigne realmcs wherby they might flrengtheii theyr parties. It is therefore at this prefent vnder 
 the dominion of the Danes: who doo not only exact inlolkrable tributes, but alfo brynge all theyr ryches and 
 commodities into Denmarke, conflitutynge the continuance of theyr goiiernrunce in tli[e|intirniitie and pouertie of 
 the fubiectes: which exemple, fum other princes doo folowe at this day in the Chriftian l''.m|)ire. For after that the 
 princes had forfaken fu<:he vertues as fliulde haue fliyned in them, as to bee J\itirs potiue (that is) the fathers 
 of tile) r countreys, and that in the ])lace hereof, onely the |)roiiil countenaunce of dominion remayned, which 
 opened licentioufneffe to th[e]iniurie of tlie fubiectes, this folowed therof, that wheras the Danes by this occalion 
 had no further trull or ayde in the loue of the people, they |)rouide<l for th[elindempnitie of theyr owne eflate 
 by forcible extenuatinge the gooddes and poure of them whom they defired to kepe in fubiection. This is the 
 fortune of Norway, whofe edefi[c)es, townes, and cities can not defende theyr auncient amplitude and dignitie: 
 neyther is there any hope of repayrynge theyr flate. For there are no coiif illations admitted for the redreU'e of 
 the conunonwulth: No man dare lliewe his aduice or attemptc any thing, vncerteyne of the niyndes an<i 
 confent of other. To this difliciiltie, is added the (pialitie of the place. For the Danes haue in theyr poure all 
 the naiiig:uions of Norway, wiiereby it may exen ife no trade by fea, neyther cary furthe wares to other plac es. 
 So th.it in line it may feeme moll vnfortun.ite, as lackynge the f.iuoure of heauen. the fea, and the lande. From 
 henfe is brought into all Furope a fyfllie of the kindes of them whiche we caule haddoikes or hakes indurate 
 and dryed with couldc, and beaten with clubbes or flockes, by reafon whereof the (lermayns caule them 
 lloekefyllhe. The takinge of thefe, is moil commendeil in lanuarie that they m.iy bee fulliciently dryed and 
 hardened with coiilde. For fiich as are taken in the more temperate nionethes, doo corrupte and putrifie: And 
 are not nieete to be caried fiirth. 
 
 The defiription of the well coaflo, with the parte thereof lyinge nioR towarde the north. 
 
 [Lonttitutttr ] |I..t(itu<lr.] 
 
 Wardlnis (that is) the watche lioiiie, or watche towre, 54 |o'] 70 30.' 
 
 It is a llronge callell or fortreffe ai'poynted 10 the Laponcs. 
 
 The ( o:ille I'ol jwynge, 48 50' 70. [o'J 
 
 Matthkur. etc. 
 
 All the coafl from henfe, and the jilaces ncare abowt vnto the degree, 45 [o] 60. [o'] 
 
 being fumtynie lefte ilefol.ite by the feditions and detlrui tionof Norway, the lajiones c hofe lor theyr habitations, 
 as commynge to a more benefu iail heauen. 
 
 I'Voin the Callel of W'.iiilluis, vnto the degree, 40 30' [Long.] 64 10' [I.al.] 
 
 all the (iKille in the fprynge tyme is daungerous to palVe, by reafon of whales of fiich huge byggeiieffe that fum 
 of theym growe to a hundreth cubites. For thefe fyfilies at that tyme of the yeare refort togyther for generation. 
 Such fliyppes :is ch:iiiii(e to faule eytuer v|)|)on theyr boilies, or into fuche whyrlepooles as tliey make by theyr 
 velununt motions, ;ire in gre.U perell. The remedie to auoyde this d.iungiour, is to poure into the fea (.'alloreiim 
 (that is) oyle made of the Hones of the be.ille cauled the lleiier, uu'Ugeled with w.iter. I'or with this, the hole 
 he.irile of whales vanyflheth fuddeynely to the bottome of the fea: They m:ike a terrible rorynge: and haue two 
 breathynge places in the hyghcfl parte of theyr forheade.s, iLindynge lurth right a cubite in length, and are as 
 brode at the endes. beinge couered with a fkynne, throiighe the which lliey blow w:iters lyke (howers or llormes 
 of raine. The prickes of theyr b:i( kes, are founde conteynynge three els in cinuite, and euery knotte betwene 
 thevni. of one elle: They are at the leall of Ix. [fi\t) j ciibiles in length: .And are (alted and kept in llore hoiifes. 
 The greatell are vnprofitablc to bee eaten by reafon of theyr ranke aiul vnfauer)- talle which lan not bee (jualilied. 
 
 Nidrofia flanding vpon the fouth fyde of the fea banke, was the chiefe and metropolitane cluinhe throwgh 
 owt all Norway, Ifi i.i-ide, (irinlande, and the Ikmdes tlure.ibowt. This citie was noble at the fyrll vnder the 
 fioryflhing Empire uf Norway, conteinyn^^c in eircuite. wiiii. [uryflhes, but it is nuwe browglu in inaner to a . 274 
 
 1*1 
 
 273 
 
 Kyncdomes 
 
 (k-slniyd liy 
 factiuiis. 
 
 The D.imr«. 
 
 rh« .k-f.u.t ..f 
 
 pnnccs. 
 
 An pxcniplc o( 
 tyr.(iii)L 
 
 The niy*-cr.ib!t 
 &t.ttu uf Nurw.iy 
 
 Stockfy&ii(hJe. 
 
 I'lie l.apnncs 
 
 Sliippes in 
 (l.iiiii>:it>iir t>v 
 rcasut) I'l Mti.tlc^. 
 
 Tlifl rorynge of 
 wlulesi 
 
 Whaler *.ilteJ ;< (<1 
 rc-tciucU 
 
 I Tbc ritie of 
 
 j 
 
 ,11 I 
 
 ^'i. 
 
 { 
 
 t! 
 
 ii 
 
p^ 
 
 
 If t 
 
 304 
 
 A ini^nificall 
 cUuilIic. 
 
 of vnkiMv\cu 
 
 ^CIICT.lltUU. 
 
 The viiktmwcn 
 Innilc of ttie 
 I.;i|xmcH. 
 A serinjiit (if 
 huiigc lnt;i;cneNse. 
 
 Chm\ wnrnclli vs 
 by Mt;!)'-' i»f 
 thyngc^ to coome. 
 
 The MrrtchtM or 
 boyliii^ scJm 
 
 r>.ini»pron« 
 
 (tl.iCCi tt> UlC SC& 
 
 KniifuII lUti'le* 
 abuut Nuiw.iy. 
 
 0/ 
 
 the north regions. 
 
 village and is cauled in the Ocrnviyne toonge Truthani, as the houfeof the Dryiiles. Tliere remayneth at this daye 
 a Caihcdrall churthc in tdkcn ot' the ancient fehcitie, beinge fiiche that in byi^gLiielTe and workemanlhip of 
 wrought Hone, liie l)ke is not in all Chrillendonie. The grecfcs or comiiafle abowt the altare, was dellroyde 
 by lire, and was repared at tiie fame tynie that wee write this hillorie. The iharge of the re|iarafion, was 
 elleenied to bee fmen ihoufandc truwnes : by wliich fniaule jiorlion, an elliniute inaye bee made ol the 
 exeelleneie of the hole Churche. 
 
 The trac te of all the fea coalles N'orwaye, is very (jiiycte and nieeke. The fea is not frofen. The fnowes 
 indure not longe. 'I'his lande hath alfo a peculiar peflilence which they caule I.eem or I.cmmer. This is a 
 lyule foure foote<l beafle abowte die byggcneffe of a ratte with a fpotted fkynne. Thefe faule vppon the 
 groiinde it certeyne tem|)elles and fiiddeyne fliowtrs, not yet knowen from whenfe they conune, as whyther 
 they ars. browgiu by the wyndes from remote Ilandes, or otherwife engendered of thicke and feculent clowdes. 
 But this is well knowen, that as foone as they faide downc, greene gralfe and herbes are founde in theyr bowels 
 not yet digefled. They confume all greene thynges as doo locufles: And fiich as they only byte, wyther and 
 dye. Tiiis |)eflilenie lyiieth as longe as it doolh not tafle of the grafle newelye fproonge. They coonie 
 togyther by lioc kes as do fivalowes: And at an ordinarie fyme, eyther dye by heapes with great infection of the 
 laiide (as by whofe ( orriiplion the ayer is maile pclliferoiis and molerteth the Xoruegians with fwynimyiige 
 in the heatlde and tiie iaundics) or are confiimed of other bealles named Lefrat. Towarde the liafl, it is 
 included within the line that is drawen by the mountaynes whofe eniles or vttermofl boundes they are that lye 
 towarde the fouiii aboue the mouthes of the ryuer Trolhetta. Hut that parte that lyeth towarde the north, 
 paffeth by the laflel of Wardhus, and is extended to the vnknowen lande of the Lapones. ii.,„,j.itmic ) tLaiiiuii.-.] 
 
 The lake cauled Mos, and the Ilande of Hoffuen in the mydded therof, is in the degree. 45 jo' 61. [o'] 
 
 In this lake appearelii a llraunge monfler : which is, a ferpent of houge byggenelTe. And as to all other 
 places of the worlde, blafynge (larres doo portende th[e]alteration and chaunge of thynges, fo dooth this to 
 Norway. It w.is feene of late (in the yeare of Chrill. M. I), xxii.) apjKrynge farre aboue the water rowlyiige l)ke 
 a grcate pyller: And was by coniecliire farre of, efleemed to bee of liftie cubites in length. Shortely after 
 folov.ed the reiectynge of Chrilliernus kynge of Deninarke. Suche other nionllrous thynges are fayile to bee 
 feene in dyuers places of die worlde. And doiditleffe excepte wee fliulde thinke that the diuine prouidente 
 hauynge mercie vpon inorlall men, and hereby warnynge them of their olTences, dooth fende fuche llraunge thynges 
 (aM alfo blafuig llarrcs .md armies feygluynge in the ayer, with fuche other |)orteiitous nionflers when if no caufes 
 cm bee founde by naturall thynges) we might els fufpecte that fucli fyghtes were but imaginations of the fence 
 of man deceaiied. 
 
 On the Kail fide, are exceading rowgh montaynes which admit no paflage to Suecia. The fea betwene 
 \orway and the Ilandes, is cauled Tiallellund, Kuripus, or the (Ireightes, [Lougitmio] (I.tIiuiI<-.] 
 
 Tile Ilande of I.ofoth. whofe myddell. 42 [o'] O7 10'. 
 
 I.aiiganas, whofe myddell, 41 [o'| 67 [o'] 
 
 Vaflral, whofe myddell. 41 34' 67 30'. 
 
 The fea betwene thefe three Ilandes, is cauled Mufcoflrom (th.it is) boylyngc. At the tlowvnge of tin; fea, 
 it is fwalowed into the caues, and is blowne c.«t ageyne at the rillowynge, with no lelle violence then the 
 ftreanies of ryuers f.iu'e from nimintaynes. This fea is nauigable viityll it b.e lower then tlie mouthes of the 
 rockes. Suth is chatuice into it owt of dewe tyme, are caried headlonge into wliyrle|ioolcs The fragmentes 
 of the lod fliiiis, are feldome call vp ageyne. But when they are cafle vp, they are fo brufed and freted 
 ageynlle the roc kes, that they feenie to bee ouergrowne with hore. This is the |ioure of nature, iiatfyng the 
 faiiulous Simplegades and the fearefiill M.ilea, wilii the daungerous places of Milia and Caribdis, and all other 
 iniradjs that nature liatii wroughi in any other fea hythcrto knowen to man. 
 
 Tiie ll.indes abowt Norway, are of t'licli frutfull pallure, that they br\-nge not theyr beafles into the Rabies 
 before tlic moneth of Nouember: And do many places winter liiem abrode. 
 
 r 
 
 3«4 
 
Of the north regions. 
 
 303 
 
 SVECIA, OR SvETHLANDE. 
 
 IVccia, is a kyngedome ryclie in golde, fyiiier, copper, Icado, Iicn, f'ruylc, cattaylc, and 
 cxceadynge incrcafe of fyfflic of the ryucrs, lakes, and tlie fca. And liatli no Icffc plcnlie of 
 fuchc wylde beaflcs as are taken with huntinge. 'J'owarde the Well, it is ended with the 
 mountayncs of Norway from the Caflel of Wardhus vnto th[e]cnd, 51 [o' Long.] 63 40' [I^it.] 
 Towarde the South, with the line from this ende vnto the degrees. 53. 30'. 61. [o'] 
 
 And from tiienfe vnto tiie degrees. 61. [o'l 60. 30'. Aboiie tlie goiilfe of Sueda, 
 toward the north, with tiie fouth ende of Lapponia from the Callel of Wardlius vnto 
 th[e]ende. 62. [o'] 70. [o'] 'J'owarde the Kalle, it is ended with the line fronie this ende vnto the degree. 
 63. [o'] 69. [o'] etc. Stockhohne the chicfe citie. 64. [o'] 6r. [o'] This is the chiefe mart towne of Siiecia, and 
 is (Irongely defended hy arte and nature. It is fitiiate in marifllies after tlie maner of \'ene(e: and was there- 
 fore cauled Stokliohne, forafmuehe as beinge ])laced in the water, the fundation is fortified with flockcs or piles. 
 The fea entereth into it with two amies or branches of fuch largcnes and depth that fliips of great burden and 
 with inayne faylcs may enter by the fame with theyr full fraight. This fuffered of late yeares greuous fjioyle 
 and deflriiction to the fingular exemple of cruel hoflilitie: And fuch, as the like hath not bin lightly fliewed to 
 any other citie receaued by league and compofition. 
 
 In al the tract from Stokholme to the lake aboue the riuer of Dalekarlc, which is in the degree. 56. 30.' 
 63. 50.' are niountaines frutful of good filuer, copper, and leade. They gette great rychcs by the falmons 
 and plentie of other fyfflies whiche they take in certeyne greate lakes. 
 
 'I'he dukcdome of .Agermannia, occiipieth the north fyde to the confines of I.aponia. This tract is fill of 
 wods in the whiche they hunt the beaftes cauled Vros or liifonte.s, which in theyr toonge tliey caule Klg, (that 
 is) wilile affcs. 'I'hefe are of fuch height, that the highefl part of their backes are ecpial with the nieafure of a 
 man holdyngc vp his amies as hyglie as he may reach, etc. Vpfalia the chiefe citie. 62. 63'. 30. [o'j h.ere is 
 buried the body of faynt Hericus kynge and martyr. 
 
 Copperdalia (that is) the copjier valley, is a dukcdome fouthwarde from thedukedomc of Ieni[)tia. Vnder 
 this, is the valient nation of the people cauled Oalekarly. 
 
 Oplandia, is a dukedome and the nauil or middell of Scondia. 
 
 The citie of I'ircho, on the north fyde of the lake of Meier, was once a great citio and able to arme. xiiii. 
 thoufande men to th^ warres: but is nowe browght to a vyllage. 
 
 All tile tracte of Oplandia, hath mynes of fyluer, copper, and fleele. 
 
 Of the Ilandesand rockes that l)e abowte Suecia, the myildell is. 67 30' fl.nng.] 61 30'. [I^nt] 
 
 Thcfe were <auled of the owliie wryters Oone, the reafon of which name remayiieth to tliis day. I'or there are 
 in thefc innumerable multitudes of byrdes; In fo nuiche that th[e]inh ibitauntes of the ne.xte coafte, fayle 
 thyther in ilie mooneth of May whyle the byrdes fyt on theyr egges: which they fleale and referue them in 
 falte for a lou^c: tynic. 
 
 Bothnia. 
 
 fOthnia is fo named of the precious furres of all fortes that are caricd from thcnfe into foraigne 
 
 regions. For by thefe and theyr fyflhynge, they haue greate (innmoilitie. Salmons of the 
 
 bed fort are taken in thefe feas and are great ryches .nnionge thefe nations, lioihnia is diiiided 
 
 into twoo partes, as Nordiiothnia, and South Bothnia, cauled Ollrobotlinia. Nordbothnia, 
 
 \i termined with the fouth ende of the Laponcs vnto the ende. 78 30' liA.ni!.i tig. [o] li.ai 1 
 
 Tow.arde the Fall, it is tcrmined with this end and vnto the degree. 7S 30' 68 20'. 
 
 Towarde the Well, with the line terminynge the I'all fyde of Suecia ; And towarde tlie 
 
 Southe, with the refidue of the goulfe of Suecia fruin llifelcnde that hath degrees. 63 [o] 
 
 Ollrol.'othnia, towarde the Fall is termined from the faid ende of the nu)ll Fall coalle. 
 
 South, with a line extended by the nioimt.iynes froine this ende vnto the de^ree. 71 [o] 
 
 Towarde the north and wcUe, with part of the goulfe of Suecia. etc, 
 
 ti'iiN. 3 A M 
 
 And towarile the 
 66 [o| 
 
 275 
 
 GoMe »nd syluer. 
 Wanlhus c.i^lcll. 
 
 Tlie pnulfe of 
 
 SUCLIO. 
 
 The citie of 
 St(M;khuiiua> 
 
 Colli in roulj 
 
 rcBions. 
 
 Ky.-,ihc 
 
 The Senate c.inleil 
 Vriif or Kijj. 
 
 Viis-ilia. 
 
 Cnppercl iILv 
 
 I 
 Oplandia. 
 
 Mlttt. 
 
 rrcii"ii« fune*. 
 
 I 
 
 il 
 
 '1 
 
 
 11 
 
 111 
 
T 
 
 ■1 
 
 : I 
 
 
 ;F! 
 
 k\ 
 
 If > ('- 
 
 306 
 
 276 
 
 ThrcliniMMons of 
 the Ciuthcs. 
 
 The wnrrcs i>f the 
 j;'>thes agcyiist 
 the Kuiiiatis. 
 
 The l>rt»in(!i;s of 
 
 GoiliLuul. 
 
 The cUie of Viiba. 
 
 Mok^ouites. 
 
 A lihnrie of twn 
 thou'aml Ixi'ikcs. 
 The ('...the* 
 inuaite<l l''iiri>()e 
 ami ttcstro>d 
 Koiue. 
 
 pAnnontn fnUrly 
 takciifor Kiiuioni.i 
 
 Eningta. 
 
 Span>'»he wyrn.' 
 
 0/ the uoyth regions. 
 
 GOTIIIA OR GOTIILANDE. 
 
 OTIIIA, is by intorpretnrion good. For the holyc name of Cioil, is in the riermayne foonge 
 Cioili (that is) ( "rood. At what tynie the ("lothes vp|i(in a j;eneral confeiit, fen t fiirtli they r 
 offpryng or fiiccelfion to feeke iiewe feates or countreys to inhabite, and when they iioffelTeil 
 the coalles of Meotis and Afia, none of the owlde wryiers haiie made nieiuion as farre as I 
 knowe. Hut tliey haue byn knowen fence tlie tyme that tiic Romanes dilated theyr luiipyre 
 liy lllirium (nowe eaiiled Slanonie) vnto the ryuer of Daniibiiis. And were alfo famous 
 from tin tynie of Cefar Dictator and Octaiiianiis Aiigullus by reafon of tlu'yr greate warres at 
 Danubius beinge th[e]vtterm()ll bounde of 'l'li[e]eni|iire. Neuerthelefre, in tliat renomue, what (lotiiia was, 
 vnder what ])arte of iieauen it was fituate, or of whom the C'lOthes toke theyr original, it liath byn vnknowen 
 ahnofl to tiiis age. This is tymiined towarde the north, with the foutli ende of Suecia; And towarde tiie wefle, 
 witli the other inoiintaynes of Xorway, which continewe from ihi- boundes of Suecia to the inoulhes of tl\e 
 ryuers of Troliicta. etc. 
 
 It li.Uii many goodly townes, cities, caflels, mines, etc. The ciiie of Vifjja, being in the degree. 6f 30' 
 54 15.' was an ancient and famous niartc towne as is Genua in It. die at this liay. Hut afterwarde beinge 
 althi ted by th[e]incurfions of the pirates of tlie Danes and Mufcouites, it was left defolate. There remayne to 
 this day certeyne mines whiciie teflifie the anc ient nobiliiie. In this pl.ue were the fyrfle llacions of the 
 CiOthes that polVeMed Meotis. It is at this daye of frulfull foyle, and famous by many goodly and Ibongo 
 callels and nionalleries. There is ainonge other, a monallerie of th[e]order of faynt Benedicte, in the which is 
 a librarie of abowt two thoufande bookes of owlde autours. 
 
 AiH)wt the yeare of Chrill fourfcore and. viii. the Gothes, vnto whom reforted a great multitude of other 
 people of thefe northe partes of the worlde, as from I.iuoiiia, Prufia, Ruliia and Tartaria with diuers other 
 contreys, makynge them ilyuers Kynges and capit.iynes, dyd ikr[)(ipul,Ue and l)rynge in fubiei tion the more 
 parte of Kurope, inua<led Il.ilie, dellroyd Rome, inhabited that part of Italia now cauled Lumbarilie, and 
 lykewyfe fubiiued the roialnies of Callile and Aragonie. Theyr warres contynewed aboue three hundrcth 
 yeares. 
 
 €[ FiXI.AND, AND EnINGIA. 
 
 Pnlandia, is as much to fay as a fiyre lande or fme land, fo named for the fertilitie of the 
 grownde. I'linie fcnietii to (aule it I'innonia. I'Or he faith that abowte the coalles of 
 I'iiilande. are many ll.indes williowt nanus. Of the which there lyelh one before .Si ithia 
 (aulcd P.mnonia. The goull'e ended Sinus /•'iiii!,<iii,-NS, is fo named at this day of the 
 l.inde of I'innonia. I'iimonia confnictli with Sciihia, and runneth witho\yt al! T.mais (that 
 is to fay) withowte the limetes of lauupe to the confines or .\fi.i. Kiit that the name of 
 I'inl.mde feenKth not to a-ree hereunto, the caufe is that this place of I'linie isiorrupted as 
 aie ni.uiv iitl\i.r in this aulour: So th.it from the name ol I'Mnioni.i, or I'hinnonia, it w.is a likely erroure to 
 laule it l'.inn<inia forafinuch as thefe woordes doo not greately ditVcT in wryiynge and founde: fo that the 
 counterfecte name was foone i)ut in the pl.ice of the trew name by hym that knewe I'ainioni.i and redde that 
 name before, beinge alfo ignorant of I'hinnoni.i. 
 
 Mniiigi.i h.id in owlde tyme the tytle of a kingedome, it is cf fuih l,irj;cnelle. l!ut had; nowe only the 
 1} lie of an inferiour goiiernoure, beinge vnder the dominion of the Sl.iuons and vfyng the f.inie ton_i;e. In 
 religion, it obferued the rites of the (Ireekes of late yeares, when it was vmler the gouernaunce of the Mof- 
 couites. lUit it is at this prefent vnder the kynge of Suei-ia and obferueth th[e|inllituiions of the Orcidentall 
 church. Spanyfihe wynes are browght thyiher in great plentie which the pc'ple vfe merely and cherel'ully. It 
 is lerniined on the north fyde, by tiie fouthe line of OlbilK.tlnu.i, and is extended by the mount.iynes. 
 Towarde the well, it is terminecl with the fea of l-'innonia accord) ng to this defcription: and hath degrees. 
 71. [o' Long.] 06. [o' I.ai.J etc. 
 
 *>» 
 
307 
 
 t OF THE DIFFERENCE OF REGIONS AND 
 
 CAVSHS OF GRHATII CITinS, AFTER THF DESCRIP- 
 TION OF HIICRONIMUS CARDAN US, 
 Lini'R. XI. dc Siibiilitate. 
 
 )i 30 
 
 l)cinj;e 
 
 Here is an other difTcrcnce of regions cnufed of coulile ami 
 luMte. l'"()r fuchc as arc ncarc viilo the |H)les, arc vexcil 
 will) to nnuh coiildc : And fiiih as arc vndcr the line where 
 the foonne is of greatclle forte, are o|)prefled witli lieate. 
 SiK li as are in the niyddell betwene both, are nearell vnto 
 tcinperalnelVe. Vnder the |)ole, it is imiiollible that there 
 lluilde bee ])()pulous cities bycaufe the lande is baren, and 
 the cariage or conueyaunce of frules, vyttayles, and other 
 necefl'aries, is inrommodious. liy reafon wherof, it is neietfarie 
 that lh[e]iiihabitauntes of fuche regions lyiie eiier in continiiall 
 wanderynge from place to place, or els in fmaule vyllages. Suche 
 as inhabite temperate regions, haiie nieane cities, afwell for that 
 they haue more commodious conueyaunce for necelTaries, as 
 alfo that they may dwell better antl more fafely togvther then 
 T|''»r*7^ "^Si^ ^ '- - —^^HT' ~*^^^imi^ Ij in vyllages by reafon of fortifying theyr tuwnes with walks, and 
 m\k i l ^l it U t 'im ttAA^tiit fi cxercifynge of artes and occujiations whereby the one maye the 
 
 belter helpe the other. Yet that owlde Rome (beinge in a tem- 
 perate region) was of fuch in( redible byggenede, the caufe was that it obteyned 'rh[e]empire of the worlde, by 
 reafon wlu:')f, all nations had (iinlliRnce thydier, and not the greatnelfe of the walles. Hut it is necelTarie 
 that the greated < iiies bee in hotie regions; f\rlle, for that in fui h regions, parte of the foile is eyther barren 
 yf it lai ke water, or els moll fruufiill if it abounde wiih water. And for this inei|ualitie, when they fynde any 
 place meete to fulleyne a mulliuide, it Ibloweth of necellilie that greate cities bee bujlded in fuch places by 
 reafon of great concourfe of peo|)le reforlynge to the fame. .\n other greate caufe is, that wheras in siu h 
 regions, marchaimtes i duie very farre to fuch commodious ])laces, they palTe through many deferte and perelous 
 regions: So tlial it Ihalbe net elVary for theyr better fecuritie, to coonie in great companies as it were great 
 armies. .KwX tlurfore w'lereas fuch a focietie is once knytte togylher in a commodious ])lace, it Ihulde bee great 
 hinderante afwell to th[e]inh.d)itantes as to marchaunles if they (liulde wander in inconunodious jilates. Anil 
 by this coniluente, both of fuche as dwell neare to fuche places, and alfo of llraungers and fu< h as dwell farre of, 
 it is neceffarie that in coiitiiuiant e of tyme, fmaule towtus becoome great cities, as are llufe: (Juinl.ii, Singiii, 
 Cambalu, Memphis, Cairus, or Ale air, otherwife < auled lUbilon in Mgipte. Hut if here any w\ll obiet te 
 Conrtaiitinople (in owlde tyme cauled 15i/antium) being in a temperate region, althowgh it bee not to bee 
 conijiared to fuch cities as are more then. Ix. ffixty] myles in circuite, yet doo we aunfwerc hereunto, that the 
 Turkes Empire is the caufe of the greatneffe hereof, as wee fayde beloie of Rome. 
 
 277 
 
 J»» 
 
 'i' 
 
 ■j 
 
 
I< 
 
 :; I 
 
 m 
 
 U: 
 
 m 
 
 1." 
 
 ^4 
 
 'if 
 
 IM 
 
 Drmctni* the 
 MuM:uut,i. 
 
 P.ui!u4 Ccniuria 
 
 Spires hrrt»'(j(it 
 frill) liiilia I't 
 Mutciiui.t 
 Tlic ryucr Indus. 
 
 278 
 
 t tittitnr HnriiKi a 
 ryiicr of A^-ti 
 niiiiK-tli through 
 
 'Ihcsci Mm .tniiiii, 
 ii IMW r.uil' 'I 
 iiLire At).ii Ilk or 
 fiiarr »ic S.tl.i. 
 1 'itr.irh.in t>r 
 AilraCAi). 
 S.um.iiL) is that 
 (■K.ile ((luiitix-y 
 wherein IS 
 cohtcyricil Kiusin 
 IniDina .ui'l 
 T.irl.in.i, .III'} lh« 
 imrth .mil 1. tt 
 |>.)rt iif I'uloiii.i, 
 Anfyri'-I ihc 
 l*uaii^.ili:^ 
 
 308 
 
 C THE IIISTORIK WRITTEN IN THE LATIN 
 
 TOONGI' BY I'AVLVS lOVIVS BYSSHOPPK OF NVCIiRIA 
 
 IN ITAI.Ii:, OF THE LEGATION OR AMBASSAUE OF CREATE 
 
 luUilius Prince of Mofcouia, to pope Clement the. vii. of 
 
 that name: In which is conteyned the ck-fciiption 
 
 of Mofcouia with the reirions confininije alx)wtc 
 
 the fame cucn vnto the j^reat and rychc 
 
 Empire of Cathay. 
 
 Intcnde fyrfle briefely to defcribc the fituation of the region 
 whicli we [ilainely fee to haue bin little knowen to Stral)o and 
 Ptolonie, and then to procede in reticarringo the nianers, 
 cuflonies and religion of the iieoplc. And this in nianer in the 
 lyke fniii)le (lyle and phrafe of fpcache as tlie same was declared 
 vnlo vs l)y Demetrius the amlxifiadoure, a man not ignoraunt in 
 the I-Ttin toonge, as from his youth lirowght vj) in l.iuonin, where 
 he learned the fyrll rudinientcs of letters. And bcinge grownc 
 to mans age, executed th[e]()nice of an ambafladour into dyuers 
 '"hrillian prouintes. For wlicras by reafon of his approued 
 laithfulnefle and iniluflrie, he had before byn fent •''.s oratoure 
 to the kynges of Suecia and Dcnmarke, and the great 
 mailer of Trullia, he was at the lall fente to 'rii[e]emperoure 
 Maximilian, in wliofe courte (beinge rcplenyfilietl with 
 all fortes of nienne) wiiyle he was conuerfant, yf any 
 tliyng of barbarous maners yet remayned in fo docible 
 and ([uiet a nature, the fame was put away by framynge 
 hym felfe to better riuilitie. The caufe of his legacie or ambalTade, was gyiien by Paulus Cenlurio a (jcnuefe, 
 who when he h.ul receaued letters commen<latori of ]iope l.eo the tenth, and came to Mofcouia for the trade of 
 man h.iundies, of his owne mynde conferreil with the fainiiicrs of Duke H.irilius as touihynge the conformation 
 of the rites of both churiiu's. He furthermore of great magnanimitie ami in maner owtragious dcfire, fowght 
 howe by a newe and incredible viage, fjiicx'S myght bee browght from India. For whyle before he had exercifed 
 the trade of man hauniiies in Syria, Fgypte, and I'ontus, he knewe by fame that fpiccs myght bee conueighed 
 from the further Indi.i vp the riuer Indus ageynll the courfe of the fame, and from thence by a final vyage by 
 laiide paHinge ouer llie mouiU.iynes of l',iro]ianifus, to bee i aried to the ri'ier ( )xus in il.u tri,\, which hauing his 
 original ahnoll from the fmie ninuntaynes fnjme whenfe Imhis (KkhIi fpringe, and violently caryinge with it 
 nianye other ryuers, fauleth into the fea Ilircantim or Cafpium at the porte cauled Straua. And he emeftly 
 allirnied that frome Straua, is an cafy and fife nauigation vnto the niarte towne of Citrachan or Aflradian and 
 the niiiuth of the ryucr \'i>lga and Ironi thenfe euer ageynll the courfe of the ryuers, as Volga, ( tci ha, and 
 Mofcho, vnto tin- litie Mofi ha, and frome theme by lande to Riga and into the fea of Sarmatia and all the 
 well legions. For he was velKiuently and more tiien of e(|uitie accenfed and prouoked by the iniuries of the 
 Portug.iles, who haiiynge by force of amies fubdued a great parte of India, and poflefled all the niarte townes, 
 t.ikynge holy into theyr h.indes all the trade of fpices to brynge the fame into Spayne, and neuertheleffe to fell 
 them at a more greuous and intoller.ible jjrice to the peo]iie of I'airope then euer was hard of before: And 
 furthermore kejite the coalles of the Indi.in fea fo llraighlly with cimtinuall nauies, that thofe trades are thereby 
 lel'te of, whi( h were before exercifed by the goulfe of I'erlia and towarde the ryuer of Fuphrates, and alfi by the 
 
 J"8 
 
 I^MIIllI 
 
 ■B 
 
 l^si 
 
 
 ■ 
 
 IB^S 
 
 M 
 
 
 JpS 
 
 ^^^B wBwj^vw H 
 
 ¥^^i 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 ^^H nCBQiWf^fl ' H 
 
 l^m 
 
 m 
 
 jHI^^^ 1 
 
 
 i 
 
 ^^^Bl K^^^^ST^B^^^fl M 
 
 1^ 
 
 P 
 
 ■i^^ 1 
 
 ',B 
 
 1 
 
 Ml^ 
 
 
 iM 
 
 
 m 
 
 WUHUmHHMH 
 
Mo/com'a ami Cathay. 
 
 309 
 
 ftrc'iglitcs of the fca of Arabia and the ryncr Niliis, and in f. .• by owre fca: by which trade all Afia and Kiiropc 
 was abiiinl.intly f.itifficd and better cheape then hathe byn fence the I'ortugales had the trade in theyr handes 
 with fi) manye incoininodities of fu< h lonj^e vi:if,'ps wlierby the fpices are fo corrupted by th[e]infection of the 
 poompe and oilier fylthyneffe of tiie lliipiies, that tiieyr natiirall faiioiir, t.ille, and inialilie al\veil hereby as by 
 theyr longe refeniyn}; in the llioppes, fellers, and warehoufes in I.nfllulnirne, vanyflheth and refDlueth, fo that 
 referuynge eiler the freniiell and newelle, they fel only the woorll and nioll corriiiited. Itiit I'.iiiliis, although in 
 all |)laces he erneflly and vehemently argued of thefe thingcs, and flyrred great malice and hatred ageynll the 
 I'ortugales, atlirmynge that not only tlierby the cuflomes and reuenewes of princes fiuilde bee miu h greater if 
 that vyage might b^e difcoiiered, but alfo that fpices niyght bee better theepe bowght at the handes of the 
 Mofcouites, yet ( oukle he noihinge auayle in this fiite, furafmuthe as Duke liafilius ihowght it not go<)d to 
 make open or dilclofe vnto a llraunger and vnknowne man, thofe regions which giue enierance to the fea Calpiuni 
 and the kyngedomes of I'erfia. I'aulus Iherlore excludynge all hope of turther trauayle, and become nowe of a 
 man li.uinte an Anibaffadoiire, browglit liafilius letters (pope l,eo beingc nowe departed) to Adriane iiis 
 fuccefl()ure, in the wliii he he dei lared with honorable and retierende woordes his good w)ll and fauorable mynde 
 towarde the byflliop of Rome. For a fewe years before, JLifilius (then keepynge warres age\nlle the I'olones at 
 fuche tyme as the generall counfayle was celebrate at Laterane) reipiyred by John, kynge (jf Deninarke (tiie 
 father of Chridierne who was of late expulfed from his kyngedome) that fafe palfage myght bee graunted to 
 th[e]ambaffadours of Mofcouia to go to Koine. I'lUt wheras it fo chaunced, that kynge lohn and jjope lulius 
 dyed both in one day, wherby he lacked a conuenient fe(|ue(ler or folicitoure, he omitted his confultation as 
 touchynge that legacie. After this, the warre waxed hot l)etwene him and Sigifnuinde the kynge of I'olonie: 
 who obteinynge the victorie ageinfl the Mof( ouites at IJorilliiene, fupplicalions were decreed in Rome for the 
 oucrthrowe and van<iuylTyngc the enemies of the Chrillian faithe, whiche thinge greatly alienated both kynge 
 Ikifii'.is him felfe and all that nation from the byffliop of Rome. IJut when Adri.me the. vi. departed from this 
 lyfe, and lefte I'auius nowe redie to his feconde vyage, his fu(ceffour Cleinente the. vii. perceauynge that Pauhis 
 (lyll furioufly reuoliied and toffed in his vnipiiet mynde th.U vyage towarde the Kal\e, feiite hym ageyne with 
 letters to .Mofcouia, by the which with jiropenfe and frendly perfiiafions, he e.\honed Uafilius to acknowleage 
 the maieflie of the Romane churche, and to make a perpetuall leage and agreement in matters of religion, 
 which thynge fluiM be not only for the health of his foule, but alfo greatly to th[e]in(reafe of his honour: 
 And further promyfcd, that by the holy auioritie ol his oflice he wolde make hym a kynge and gyue hym kyngely 
 ornamentes, if reiec tyng the doctrine of the ( Ireekes, he wolde conforine hym felfe to th|e]autorilie of the Romane 
 churche. l*'or Hafilius defyred the name and t) tie of a kynge by th[e]aUignation of the byflhoppe of Rome, foraf- 
 much as he iudged that to ajiperteyne to the<athol\ke right and the byfniopi)es maiellie, of whome (as he 
 knewe ryght well) eucn 'rii[e]cinperours them felues by an auncient cuHome haue receaued there infignes of 
 hoiioure with the Di.ulcme and fcepter of the Roin.me l''.m|>iie: althowghe it is fayde that he required the fame 
 of 'rh[e]etnpeioiir .Maxiiniliane by many ainbaffades. I'aulus therfore who with more i)rofperous iorneys then 
 great vantage, had from his youth traua) led a greate parte of the world, althowgh he were nowe aged and fore 
 vexeil with the flrangtirie, aime with a profperous and f|iedy iomay to Mofcouia, where he was gentely 
 receaued of Ikifilius, and remavned in his courte for the fpace of twoo moiietlies. Hut in fine, miflrullynge his 
 owne llrength, and deterred by the diflicultie of fo greate a iorneye, when he h.id \ttcrly put away all his 
 iinaginatioin- and hope of this trade to India, returned to Rome with Demetrius th[e]aml)alTailour of liafilius, 
 before we yet tiiowght that he had byn in Mofcouia. The byfllioppe <oininaunded that Demetrius fliuld bee 
 lodgeil in the moll m.agnificint and jjrincily part of the hoiifes of Vati<ane, the roufies of whofe edili[c]es are 
 gylted and cmbowed, and the chambers rychly furnyfllieil with fylken beddes and 1 loth of .\rrelfe. \\'yllynge 
 furthermore that he Ihuld bee honorably receaued and vellured with filke. He alfo afligned l'"ranciscus 
 t'heregatus the byfllio|>pe of .\prutiuin (a man that had often tynies byn amb.iffadoure to diuers regyons) to 
 accompanie hym and Ihewe hym tli[e]onler and rites of owre religion with the monumentes and maners of the 
 citie. Furthermore, when Demetrius hail certeyne d.iyes relied and recreate him felfe, waflhyng away the 
 fyltli he had gathered by reafon of the longe vyage, then apparelled with a fi)re velbire after the in.uier of his 
 coiintrey, he was browght to the byflhoppes prefeiice, wlioin he honoured kneclynge with gn.it humilitie and 
 reuerence (as is the maner) and therwith prefented vnto his holynes certeyne furres of .Sables in his owne name 
 and in the name of his prince, and alfo delyueretl the letters of lialiliii.s, which they before, and then 
 the lllyrian or Siauon interpretoure Nicolaus Siccenfis tranllated into the l«aine toonge in this elfecte as 
 folowtth. 
 
 To pope Clementc fliepanle and feai her of the Romane churche, gre.Ue liafilius by the grace of Goil, 
 Ionic, Kmperour and ilominatour of al Ruflia, and great duke t(f Volodemaria, Mofcouia, Nouogroilia, IMefcouia, 
 Smolenia, llferi.i, lugori.i, rerinnia, Vetcha, liolgari.a. etc. Dominator anrl great prim e of Nouogroilia in the 
 lower contiei : Alfo of Cernigcjuia, Ra/;auia, N'olotchia, Rezenia, Belchia, Rollouia, laroflauia, lielozeria, 
 
 2 A 2 309 
 
 The trade of 
 
 ^pice* in uwld 
 
 lynie- 
 
 Spicet corrui'tcd. 
 
 I'lie Cn^pifln sea. 
 
 n.l^ilin^ writ! to 
 fupe vVilruiie. 
 
 W.irre t>*twene 
 I hi- l\.l<ilCN uid 
 
 .Muscuuitcft. 
 
 'I'hr ^^ronde viacc 
 
 .MuSLOlll.1. 
 
 The Puj* 
 iKTsiiadclh 
 
 ai knijwteil^e the 
 Kumuic churLlte. 
 
 279 
 
 I'hc Ktiipcronrc* 
 rc'c.iiic there 
 ili;iilcii)c '>f (lit* 
 hV^^^liMpj^h of 
 Kuinc 
 
 r>cmetriin 
 inicricyntincnt M 
 Hume. 
 
 rirmrtriti* !« 
 br<iii|fht to iho 
 
 n.i«ilMt% letter* to 
 I'upt: Clement. 
 
 i 
 
 % 
 
 ii 
 
 *!' 
 
 •■ iV 
 
 \r 
 
 m 
 
 u 
 
 ill 
 
n 
 
 
 h|-l 
 
 I- 
 ( ■ 
 
 ''i 
 
 ' 'V 
 
 310 
 
 Mofcoiiia and Cathay. 
 
 280 
 
 r.ir.lln.ill 
 
 The rtitnes \i{ 
 Kuiiie. 
 
 of Musi:>juia. 
 
 The Allirc* iif 
 grc.it .'Icxandcr. 
 
 M.iri^shcs in 
 kuii) liter. 
 
 The r>rc*l of 
 Hcrcynix 
 
 Wyld l)e.l«te>; 
 The Scylhian 
 
 The 1>c;i<tc^ 
 ruilt.l Vrliir 
 lliMinles 
 
 ll.'lenei. 
 
 t»f ihc Sc>tl.i.ii»» 
 
 mill 'l'.irl.iit>, 
 
 Aiiiiixiiuii, 
 
 IlorJa. 
 
 The larje 
 dnniiniun (if the 
 
 'XaTXaXS. 
 
 I'.iihiiy. 
 
 The T.irtan of 
 
 buriipe. 
 
 Vdori.i, Olxloria, and Condiiii:!. i't<\ Vow fi'iit vnto vs P.iiitiis Cftitiirio a citi/cn of (li'Miia with IcttiTs whcrt)/ 
 yowc do c\liiirtL' vs to ioiiic in poiirc and coimliivlo with yowe and other Princes uf ('liriiU'nih)nio agi ynll the 
 I'ncniiis of the ( hrillian faith; and that a free palfage and rcdy way may boo opfnod for liolhc yowro amiulfa- 
 doiirs and owrcs to cooini; and j;() to and fro, wluTcby by niuttiall dcwtie and indciioiirc on both parties, wc 
 may haiii; knowlcagc of the lUito of thin^a-s |uTlfynyn,uc to tlic wchh of vs lioth. Wcl- ecrtcs as we luuie 
 hi'thcrto hapinly liy iho aydo and hilpf of ahnyj;hty god diiillantly and (.Tiullly rcfi'lcd tlio < rui'll and wyikcd 
 cncmifs of tlio Chrillian fiithc, fo arc wo determined to doo hereafter. And are hke>-i<e redy to confente with 
 other C'hrillian I'rinees, and to uraiint free iuffa;,'e into owre dominions. In confideralion wherof, wc haue 
 fente vnto yowe owre faithfiill feriiaunt Demetrius I'.rafmiss with ihefo owre letters: and with hyin haue 
 remitted I'aiihis (!entiirio : dif\ rin^e yowe alfo fliortly to difinilfe hemetriiis with fafegarde anil indemnili ; vnto 
 the biirlliers iif (iwre dnniinions. .And we w\ I likewyfe doo the fune if yowe fende yo.vre ambaffadoiir ' with 
 I )emetriiis, wlier'iv botli by ( (imminiic.ition and letters, wee in.iy bee better certilied of lh[e)ord r and adniini- 
 llration of fiich thyngcs as yowe reipiire: fo tiiat beinge aduertifed of the mindes and intent of al oiher 
 Chrilli.in jirinces, we may alfo conliilt what is lull to be done herein. Thus fire ye wel. (linen in owr 
 dominion in owr citie of .\b)feoiiia, in the yeare from the creation of the worlde, feiien tlujufande and throe 
 hundreth, the tliyrde day of .\|irell. 
 
 lint Peinetriiis, as he is experte in diiiine and humane tiiMv^es, and efpeiially of lioly firiptiire, feemeil to 
 haue focroate conimaundement of greater matters wiiit he we tiiinko he wyll fliortly declare to the fonato in 
 ]>riiiato confiiltations. For ho is nowe deliiiered of the fewer info the whiche lie fell by chaiinge of ayer, and 
 li.ith lb reioiiered his llreii:;lhe and n.itiiio colour, that be'nge a man of threefcore yean's of age, he was not 
 t)iily [irefente at the ]iopes m.ilVe celebrated with gre.it folemnitie in the honour of f.iynt Cofnuis and Daniian 
 but came alfo into the Seii.ite at fuch tyme as t'.irdinal Campegius comniyngo fyrll from the legacie of 
 Pannonia, was receaued of the pfipe and all the nobilitio of the courte : And furthermore alfo vcwetl the 
 temples of the holye citie with the mines of the Komane magnificence, an<l with woonderynge eyes behelde the 
 l.imentable decay of the aiinc iciit buildinges So tli.it we tliiiike th.it llmrtly aftir ho hath declared his molVage, 
 ho lli.dl returne to Mofcoui.i with the b_\ llliop of ."^carenfo the popes legate, not vnrec ompenfetl with iiill 
 rewards at the handes of his holyneffe. 
 
 'I'he name of the Mofcoiiites is nowe ncwe, althowgh tlie poete Lucane maketh mention of the Mofchos 
 confinynge with the S.irmatians, and Plinie alfo placeth the Mof( hos at the fprynges of the groat ryuer of Phafis 
 in the region (>f Coli hos aboue the fea I'.uxinus towarde the l''..ill. Theyr region hath very largo boiindes, and 
 is extended from the .iltars of great .Mexander abo«t the fpriiiges of 'lanais, to the extreme lan<les and north 
 Ocean in manor vnder the Norlhe flarres cauleil diaries wa\ne or the greato be.ire, beinge for the moft i)arte 
 pl.iyne and of friitfull jiafliire, but in fonunor in many i)laces full of marifllies. For whereas all that lando is 
 replenyflbed with many and great ryuers which are greatl ■ im reafed by the winter fnow and ife refoliied by the 
 heate of the foonne, the pl.iyiies ami f)eldes are therliy ouerllowcn with mariflhos, and all iorneys incumbered 
 with continuall waters and myrio llabbyneffe vntyl by the benefito of the new wynter the ryuers and mariflbcs 
 boo frofen ageyne, and giuo fafe paffage to the lleailes that are acculbimod to iorney by the fame, 'iho woodde 
 or forell of Hercynia (and not llyrcani.i as is recldo in Aim falfo copies) occupioth a great ]>arte of Mofcouia, 
 an<l is hero and there inh.ibited, with houfes buvldcd therein and fo m.ide thinner by the lunge l.iboiiro of men 
 that it dooth not nowe (liewe th.it horroiir of thii ke and impenetrable wooils and l.uindes as many tliinke it to 
 haue. lint beinge replenyflliod with many wyKlc boallos, is fo farre extended through Mofcouia with a con- 
 tinual tracto betweiie the Kail and the North towarde the .Scythian Ocean, that by the int'mite greatneffo therof 
 it hath deluded the hope of fuch as haue ciirioiifly fear<hod th[e]endo of tlie f.ime. In that ]iarte that reacheth 
 lowarde Prulli.i, arc fouiide the grc.ito and fieno be.illes c.iuleil Vri, or Piifontes, of the kvnde of billies : Alfo 
 Alcos lyke vnto h.irtes, whii he the .Mofcoiiites caule l.o//i, and are c.iul. d of the (lerm.iynes llelenes. On 
 the Kail fydo of Mofcouia, are the Si ythyans which are at this d.iy caiiled T.irtars, a wanderingc nation, and at 
 all ages famous in warres. In the llede of houfes they vfo wagons couered with bealles hyde.s, wherby they 
 were in owlde tyme lauled .\maxoiiii. I'"or cities and lownes, they vfo greate tentes and pauilions, not delended 
 with tronclus or wauli s of lymber or llone. but im lofed with an innumerable multitude <if an hers on horfe- 
 backo. 'Iho 'I'artares .ire diuiiled by i ompanies which they caule llnnlas, wliii h word in theyr toonge fignifieth 
 a confentynge companye of jieople gathered togylher in forme of a citio. I'aiery Horda is goiiernod by an 
 Kniperour whom oythcr his parentage or warlyke | rowes hath promoted to that dignitie. For they ofientimos 
 kecpe warre with theyr borthoiers and contende ainlmioully and fiercely for dominiini. It dooth hereby 
 appoare th.it they confille uf innumerable llnnlas, in that the Tart.irs |iolVorie the moll large defertes oiien vnto 
 the famous citie of Cathay in the lurlhell ( )cean in the i;.ill 'I luy alfo that are noarello to the Mofcoiiites, 
 are knowen by theyr trade of marchaimdios and often incurfmns. In Kurope nere vnto the place caiilcd 
 
 Dn. 
 
 Al hillis in Taiiric.i I'herfonelb, are the Tartars caiiled Preio]iites, the dowghter of whole prince, 
 
Mo/coiu'ti (vni Cathay. 
 
 311 
 
 Sclymus Th[olctniKroiir of tho 'i'urkcs tooko to wyfo. Tlicfo arc moll inlVil to tlic I'oloin.-!!, ami wall the 
 rt'f^ions on cuury fydc lictwonc the ryiicu of liorillhcnes .iml T.m.iis. 'I'lify tliat in tlio fame 'I'aurira polTclTc 
 Cair.ini a mlonic of tlic l.i.i;iirians (i:atil(.<l \. owKlc tymc 'riicodofn) doo liothc in religion and nl other tli; :■^-,<.^ 
 a^rcc with tlic 'I'lirkcs. liul the Tartars tliat inhahitc ri't;ions of Afia lutvvoiic Taiiais and Volga, arc liiliicctc 
 to lialiliiis the kyn:;c of the Molcouitcs, and chiili' tiKin a goiurnoiir at iiis alli.i;nLincnt. Ainongo thcfc, tlic 
 Crcniii allhi ted with liiiiic fcditions, where as heretofore they were riche andof^jreat poiirc, haiic of late yeares 
 lolle theyr dominion and dignitic. The Tartars that arc i)eyondc tlic ryucr of Volga, do religioiilly ol)fi-uc the 
 frendlliip of the Mofioiiiles and profclVc them felucs to he their fuhiectes. ]te)ond the CalTanites to' arde the 
 Norlhe, arc the Si iamhani, rii h in heardes of lattaille and eonlillyng of a great multitude of men. ifter thcfe, 
 arc Nogai, whi( he olileyne at this daye the < liiefe fimc of r\t lies an. I warly affayres. Theyr ilord.i, allhowgh 
 it bee moll ample, )et hath it no emiHroiire, Init is goiicriied by the wyldoiiie and verliic of the moll ancient 
 and valient men after the maner of the common wealiht of Vcnece. IJcyondc the Nogais fumwhat towarde 
 the foiith and till Cafpian fea, the nolielell nation of the 'I'artars caiiled /ag.iihai, iiihaliite townes liiiyMcd of 
 (lone, and haiie an e\( eadynge greatc and fayre citie caiiled Saman anda, wliic h laxarles the greate r\uer of 
 Sogdiaiia runneth through, and pa'linge from' tlunfc aliout a luiiidnth niyles, faukth into the Calpian fea. 
 With tliefc people in owie daycs, Ifmael the Soplii and kyngc of Terlia liathc often tjines keptc war with 
 doiihtfull fuicelfc: In Co mu( he that fearyng the greatencflc of theyr poure which he ref)lled with all that he 
 myght, he lefte Armenia and Tauriliiim the chiefe ( ilie of the kyngedome, for a pray to Selinius the vyitourer 
 of one wynge of the hall i\le. from the i itieofSaman audi, '!i fiendeil Tamhurlanes theniyghty lanperoureof the 
 Tartars whonie funi ( aalc Taiilierlanis. lint I )emelrius r,i\ iie Ihulde hee ( allied Tliemin iitlilu. Tliys is he that 
 abowte the yeare of Chrylle. M. CCC. K.wxviiii. [i.VjS, a.u.J fubdiied almoll all the I'.allc partes of the worlde: 
 And laflly with an inmimcrablc multytiide of men iniiadcd the Turkes dominions, with whom Ikiiafetes Otto- 
 maniis their kynge, (and fitlier to the greatc gran<lefitlur of this Solyman that iiowe lyiieth) nictiiigc at Aneyra 
 in the confines or marches of (lalatia and liyiliiiiia, gauc liym a fore b.iitaile, in the w'.iichc telle on the 
 Turkes ])arte. 20000. men, and Itaiafetes hyin felfc was taken prifoner, whom Tamlmrlanes caiifed to bee 
 locked in an iren cage and fo caricil hyni abowte with hym throwgh all Alia which he alio coni|ueied with a 
 terrible army. He coni|iiereil al the landes betwene Tanais and Nilus, and in fine vani|uiflhed in batiayle the 
 great Soltane of l''.gypte, whom he chafed b-.yonde Nilus, and tooke alfo the citie of DaiiiaH us. 
 
 Frome the region of tliefe Tart.irs (aiiled Zagathei, is brought gre.it |ilenlic of lilkeii apparel to the 
 Mofcouites. l!ut the Tartars that inhabite the midland or inner regions, bringc none other w.ires then truckes 
 or drones of fvwflc runnynge horfes and clokes made of wli,\tc fcltes ; alfo hales or teiites to withllomle tli[c] 
 iniiiries of collide and raync. 'I'liefe they make very artificially and aptc for the imrpofe. They receaiie aga) ne 
 of the Mofcouites, coates of 1 loth, and f)luer mon)e, (diiti) I'.yiige all other bodely ornainenles, and the 
 furnyture of fuperlhious houfolde lUille. I'or beyiige defended agejnll the violeiii c of wether and leiiipelles 
 only with fuche ajiparell and coucrtuiv whereof wee haue fioken, they trull only to theyr arrowes wliidi they 
 fliootc afwell b.ickwarde llyinge as when they affiylc theyr enemies face to f ice : Albeit, when they determined 
 to inuad luirop, theyr princes and cai>itaynes had helmetts, coates of fcnfe, and hooked fwoordes whii h tluy 
 bought of the I'erfi.ins. 'low.inlc the foiilhe, the bouiides of Mofcoiiia ar^' lerniiiied by the fmie T.irtars 
 which |ioffell'e the playn regyons m re vnto the C'.ifpi.in fea aboue the m.iryU s of Meotis in .\fia, and aboiite 
 the ryiiers of lioryllhcnes and Tanais in parte of l-airope. The jicoplc caiikd Roxolani, ('icte, and Hallarne, 
 inhabited tliefc regions in oulde tynie, of whom I tliynke the name of Ruflia tooke originall. For they laiile 
 parte of Lituania, Iv'iilli.i the lower, wlier.is .Mofcouia it felfe, is c.uiled wli)te Rullia. I.ituania therfore, lyeth 
 on the Xorlhuell lyde of Moliciuia. liiit tow.irde the full well the m.i\ne landes of I'mfli-i .md l.iiionia are 
 ioyned to the confines or marches of Mofioiii.i, where the Sanuatian fea briakynge furlh of ihe llreightes of 
 L'imbrica Cherfoncfus (nowe i-aulcd Dcnmarke) is bended with a crooked goulfe towarde tlic nortlic. Itut in 
 the furthed baiikes of that Ocean where the large kyngcilomcs of Noiwayc and Suecia arc ioyned to the 
 continent and ainiolle eiviironed with the fea, are the people caiiled I.apones, A nation cxceadyngc rude, 
 fulpicyoiis, and fe.irefull, llyinge and allonyflhed at the fyght of al llr.iimgiers and lliyppes. Tluy kiKJwe 
 neytlier frutcs nor ap|)les, nor yet any benignilic eyllier of heaueii or e.irlli. I'hey |iroii\de them meate onely 
 with lliootynge, and are appareled with the Ikynnes of wiM bealles. They dwell in i .iiies lylled with drye 
 leaiies, and in holow trees conl'umed within eytlier by f\re or rotten for age .Siiche as dwell iic.ire the fea fydc, 
 fyflhe more lu< kyly dieii c unnyngly, and in the lleail of friites, referue in (lore f\ flhes drydeil with fiiioke. 
 They are of fmaule ftatiire of body, with llalte \ilagies, pale and waniiye coli.iire, ;!nd very fwyflc of footc. 
 Their wittes or difp jfuions, arc not knowen to the Mofiouites theyr bortlurers, who thynke it therfore a niail- 
 nefle to alVayle them with a fmaule poure, and iiidge it ne\tlier [irofitablc nor glorious, with greatc amiies to 
 inuadc a poore and beggerly nation. They exi haiinge the nioll wh\te t'urres which wee c.uilc Armelines for 
 other wares of duicrs fortes : Vet fo, that they Ilie the fyght and coompanie of all marthaimtes. I'or tom- 
 
 'I'ltc T.irt.lr* of 
 
 Am.i .tri! Mll>l»',tO 
 I', ilii' Duke u( 
 
 281 
 
 The r,irt.ir% 
 bcyoinlc the ryiicr 
 u( Vulgu. 
 
 t.itilcth them 
 
 The iKiltotest 
 n.KiMi) itf thu 
 T.trt.ir\. 
 1 'I he ryiier of 
 
 Isni.irl thr Sophi, 
 k>ti|;t: uf I'cr.i A. 
 
 The cltip nf 
 .s.tiii.in .iiiil.i. 
 
 r.inidiirt incs, 
 \\w iii\k:h(ii? 
 KiM|>t:ri>iir of the 
 r.irl.iri. 
 
 Tlif t i>ni|iifs|f» uf 
 Tuiuburijiicit. 
 
 ILiia^iCtei. 
 
 Ihis ipp.inl (hey 
 h.iiH- .>! (lie 
 ri;t:>iail9. 
 
 \\\r T.irt ir^ 
 iriltn l.<- Midi the 
 Mu>kuuitc». 
 
 The t.irl.ir^ *if the 
 ^..itih sydc <.| 
 
 ; M..Mnui.l. 
 
 ' (iclcandK<ixi)l.ini. 
 
 I .^^.^. .-Ilia .Mi.k.t 
 
 I whiio Kiissi.1. 
 I l.iliiaiiia. 
 
 I IVUSSLU 
 
 I l.iii'tni.i. 
 I l>i.-iiiii.irkc. 
 ; Norway. 
 
 ! StK'iU 
 
 :Thc,...-..,.U'uf 
 
 282 
 
 ' ! 
 
 ii, 
 
 
 !<>l 
 
 t 
 
 
 re 
 
 Arinclliic furred 
 
 (. ! : 
 

 i'f 
 
 
 ^- 
 
 312 
 
 Mofcouiii inhi Cathay. 
 
 Wiili<mt worileA. 
 '1 he iLukc rrt(ii>ii 
 by thit (l.irku 
 region artil the 
 Fi^iiKM, JH itii- w.iy 
 l<i ('.tlhay l>y the 
 Nurtho kca. 
 
 The 4cythi.tn 
 Ocean. 
 
 The reiiion of 
 
 Cnlliiii^ur.L 
 
 Ttie ryiiLT of 
 
 The rvuernf lu^.i 
 or Inn. 
 VStiu^a, 
 
 The ^\^ler of 
 ]>iuiiin.iurDwiii.i. 
 
 TSr? n-uer 
 
 Sii. h.>tia. 
 
 The frokcn kco. 
 
 283 
 
 I>wln.'i .inj 
 
 r.ritnt.in-l nr 
 Kiitirunhiiiii 
 
 Viiiler^t.inil inyle* 
 of < icniiaiiy, llial 
 ik lca<)Ui;». 
 
 Rycb furrcl- 
 Lu^ti Ccnurii. 
 
 Sables, 
 
 '■•( 
 
 !; I, 
 
 p.ir)-ngc anil layin^e llieyr wares togetlur, and Icauynt^e tlu'yr furrcs in a niyilile place, tlii'y bargcyne with 
 liiiiplf faytl), witii ahfiiito and vnknowcii nun. .Sum mm uf unat cicdite anil aiitoritii-, lioo tcllilk' that in a 
 ri'^mn ln^ond the I,.i|iiii)ni.s, intwciic thf well and llic north i)ii|iriHcil with |nr|ictiiall iLirkilies, is the nation 
 of tiic iiooiilc tallied I'iiiinei, who Weiiij^c urinviii to theyr In! nrinij;ht, iIdd fi aikly cxiedi; ihi,' llatiire ol" owre 
 ch\idren often ycarcs olane. It is a (e.iril'iiU kynilc of nitniii.', and cxiirclVc tluyr wurilcs in fucli cliattiT)ni{ 
 fort that they fccmi: to be I'o much the more lykc vnto apes, in howe iniichc tiicy dyffcr in fence and llature 
 from men of iufl heyi^lit, 
 
 'I'owarde the N'mili, innumerable people are fubierte to tli[e]iin|)ire of the Moftouites. 'I'heyr regions 
 CXtende to the Srylhian Ocean fur the f|iaie uf almulle three niuDnelhes iunuy. 
 
 Next vnto Mofiouia, is the re^iim of Ci)lini);;i)ra, abounilyiij; with frutes. Throiij^li this runneth the ryuer 
 of Diuidna beinge one of the jjreatelle that is knoweii in the Northe partes, and ({iiie the name to an other 
 leffe ryuer whii h breakelli furthe into tiie W.\ llaltheuni. This iniTeafyn;^'e at rerteyne tymes of the yeare as 
 dooth (he ryuer N'ilus, ouerllmvelh the fyeldes and playnes, and with his fat and nurilhin^'e inoylbire, duoth 
 marueloully refill the iniiiries of heaiien and the lli.ii|ie blalles of the North \v\iide. When .t ryfelh by reafon 
 of molten fnowe and j^reate llioures of rayne, it fauleth into the Ocean by vnknowen nations, and with fo \xt\ifi 
 a trenehe lyke vnto a };reate fea, that it can not bee fayled ouer in one day with a profperoiis wynde. Hut 
 when the waters are faiikii, they leaiie here and there lar^'e and friitfiil Ilandes. I'or mrne there rail on tlie 
 t;rounde, {.Towelli without any liel]ie of the plowe, and with iiiariielous leleritie of h.illyiye nature feaiynge the 
 newe iniurie of the proiide ryuer, doolh both Ijirynge and rype in lliort Ipai e. 
 
 Into the ryuer I'iuiilna, runnetii the ryuer luga: And in the corner where they ioyne togythi-r, is the 
 famous marte towne cauled Vlliuga dillant from the chiefe citie Mofca. vi. hundretii myles. 
 
 Niilc lli:»l wlieras Pauliis louiiis wiylilli here lliat Oil" ryiiiT uf Diuiilim, iillierwvsc rauK'il I'wiiia, runmlli lhrclll^;lle the ref;ion 
 of ('iiliiiiij;iir, it is tn lnv vnilcrll<"lt' llial lliuri- ari' twim ryikis uf llial iiaiiii', the im.; iiii llic NiirlliLMlt fyilc uf MufLrmia tuwanli; llie 
 fiufeii fia, ami tlu> ullicr 1111 llio f iiilluveH fyilc f.uilyn^; iiilu llic fua llallliL'iini, ur llii: Houlfe uf Kiniumia l)y llic cilic uf Ui(;.i ill 
 l.iiiuiila. Ami furafimicli as ihc inwe kiiu«lcat;c uf ilulo aiul ccrtciiicuihcr i. very ii.nclTary fur all faili as lliall Irailc iiilu Mufcuuin 
 or ullicr ri'Hiuns in lliufc euallcs liy llie iiortlic fca, I liaiic lliuu(^lil t;iR)il tu make furllier iLilaraliun hen uf as I haue fuiiii'le in the 
 hydurie uf Mufiiniia, mull layllifully and largely wrylleii hy Si^'ifimiivlus I.ilienis who was twyfe feiil ainlulTaMuur iiilu Mufiuuia, at 
 fyrll liy Maximilian rii[e|iiniieruur, ami iheii a^jiyne l>y Kenliiiamlu kyni; uf lliin;;ary ami Iluheme. This haue 1 iluune the ratiicr, 
 fur ihal in all ihe mappes thai 1 hane feene uf Mufiuuia, there is nu nieuliuii iiiaile uf the ryuer uf Dwiiia that runiielli llnuu);li ihe 
 ret;iuii uf Culmujjur ami by the cilie uf the fame name, althuu^jli the pniiiyiii.e uf Hwina l;ee in all eanles plaieil Nurtliewanle fruiiie 
 the ryuer ul VUiui; ur Suecana, whiehe is the fame Dwiiia whereuf we iiuwc fpeike, ami wheruf I'aulus luuius wrylelh, allliuu(ih It 
 liee nut fu iiameil hut fium the an^;le or turner where i lynynjje willi tlie ryuer uf lut; ami Snehaua, it runneth Nurlhewanle tuwanlc 
 Ihe eilie uf ( ujmujiur, ami hum ihenee faulelh iiitu the nu;th ur fruleii fea, as lliall herealler inure playnly appeare l.y the wnur.les of 
 .Sijjifniunilus, thai Iho one of ihefe hi^e nut taken fur the uiher ini?';' fu farre dillant that threat errunr mynhl enfue liy iiiillakynt;e llie 
 finie, efpeiially hiiaufe this wheruf I'aulus louius wrytelh is not liy iiaiuo expielTed in the cardes, Imi only the other, wherliy the 
 crruur iny^jht hce the greiler. Of that therforo th.at ri'nncth by Ihc confines of l.iiionia ami the citie of Kijja, Sigifiiiuiidus wrylcth 
 ill this iiiancr. 
 
 The lake of Pwina, is iliftantc from the fpryiit;es of llurifthenes, alniull tcnne myles, and as many fruni the maiyflhc of Knuiuwu- 
 I'runi it, a rymr uf the fame name tuwarde the well, dillanle fruni Vuilna. xx. [twenty] myles, runneih fruin ihence tuwanlc the 
 Nuillie, where hy \\\'f,\ the chiefe cilie uf I.iuuiiia, it faulelhe into the (lermayne fea wliiih ihe Mofcuiiites eaule Vuaree/kute inurio. 
 ll runnelli hy Vuilepiku, I'ulut/ku, and Ihmenlair;^, and nut hy I'lefcuuia as one hath wryllen. 'I'liis ryuer bcingc for the Iiiollc 
 part naui^alile. llur I.ymins e.iule Uuna. 
 
 (If the ullier Dwina wheruf Taiilus luuius fpeaUelh, he wrytelh ,as fuluweth. 
 
 The pruuince uf Uwina ami the ryuer of Ihe lame name, is fu named frum ihc place where the ryucrs of .Sucliana and luj; 
 mealynt;e lu^^ylher, make une lyuer fo cauled. I'ur liwina in ihe .Mufiuuitc; tuuni^e, li^;nilielh twu. Thi» ryner hy the cuurfe of a 
 huuilred myles, enlerelh iulu the Nurlli 1 Icean uli that part where the fayile fea runneth l>y ihe tualles uf Sweiia and Nuiwaye, ami 
 iliuidelhe hntjrunlamle frum the vnknuwen lamle. This pruuince liluale in Ihe ful north, perleined in lyine part lo llie fej;niorie of 
 Nuuu^iutide. I*'rum Mufcuiia tu llu* inuuthes uf llwin.i, are niiinhered. ('(.'(.'. jihree hundred] myles; AllH.-it as I hane fayde, in the 
 rl•^;iuns that are heyuiiil Vuli;a, the actumple of the iuriiey can nut hee well oMeriied hy icafun of many marjfilus, ry .'rs, and very 
 j;reale wuoddes that lye in Ihe way. Vet are we led hy conicttuie to thiiike it lo lice iVarfely Iwuu hundreth myles: furafmucli as 
 fiuni .Mufcuuia lo Vuoluihda, from Vuuhichda to \ llyiij; funuvhat into the Kalle : and lalle uf all Irunie Vltyut; by the ryuer Uwina, 
 is ihe ryi;lit palTa^je lo ihe nurihe fea. This rei;ii>n, lefyde ihe callel of Colniuj^ur and cilie of Dwina, fituale almolt in ihe mydilc 
 way lielwene ihe fpryn^;s and moulhes of the ryuer, and ihc caflell of l'ieiie(;a Handynj;e ill llie very muutlus uf Ilwina, is vttcrly 
 wilhuwt townes and callels: yel hath it many \ylla^;es whichc are farre in funder hy leafuii ufllie hareiiiulle of ihe fuyle. cic. 
 
 In an other place he wrytelh, that .Suehana and luj,', after ihey are iuyned lujjyiher in one, luufe tlieyr fyrllc names and make 
 the ryuer Dniiia. etc. Hut lettc vs nuwc lelurne lo the liyllorie of I'aulus louius. 
 
 Vnto Vlliuga, from tlie I'ennians, I'ecerrians. Inugrians, Vgoliians, and I'innegians, people inlialiytyngc 
 the north and northeall prouinces, are brought the jirecious furres of M.iiterns and Sables: Alio the cafes of 
 woulfes and foxes both whyte and lilacke: And lykewyfe the lltynnes of the beaftes cauled Ceruarii I.upi (that 
 is) harle woolfes, lieinge engendered eytlier of a woolfe and a liynde, or a harte and a liyti li wuolfe. 'I'iiefe 
 furres and l'k)ns, they exi liange for ilyuers oilier wares. The bell kynile of fables and of the liiiefl lieare 
 wherwit.. nowe the \ellures of princes arc iyned, and the lender neckes of delicate dames are louereil with the 
 
 II a 
 
 
 
 \. 
 
 ■.\t 
 
 \w 
 
 mi 
 

 MoJ'cottia uihi Cniliay, 
 
 313 
 
 ne with 
 hat in a 
 
 c nation 
 1)1' owrc 
 i.ittir)iig 
 1 1 ll.iture 
 
 ri'^iions 
 
 cxprcfTc fiinilituile of the lyiiynRC hcafto, arc broiinUt liy the IVrmians and I'occrrians, whiche they them fcliies 
 aifo rcccaiic at the liandcs of uiliur liiat iiiiialiilc tiic regions ne.ire vnto the north Ocean. 'I'lio I'erinians ami 
 I'ecertians, a iyltle liefure owre tyine, dyii (acrifiieto Idrls after tiie nianer of the (ientyles : luit dou nowe 
 ai kiiowlea^;e C'hrylle llu)r (lod. The [lafla^e to the Iminrialis, and X'gohians, i-> liy terteyne rowgh nmnn- 
 tayncs, whii h perhapjies arc liiey tiiat in owlde tynie were caiiled lly|ieri)orei. In tiie toppes of thele, are 
 founde llie belle kyndes of I'alcons : \vi\ereof one kynde (cauleil lleroihmn) is whyte witii fpotted fetliers. 
 'I'iiere are alfo ierfalcons, fakers, and peregrines, wiiiche were vnknowen to tiie aniient princes in theyr 
 cxtefliiie and nife pieafiires. 
 
 Heyondc tiioie jieople whom I lall named (l)ein;,'e all tributaries to the kinges of Mofcouia) are otiier 
 nations the lall of men, not knowen by any viages of the .Nbtfcoiiites, forafmiiche as none of iheym haiie palled 
 to the Oiean, and are therefore knowen onely by the fabulous narrations of mardiauntes. Vet is it apparente 
 that the ryuer of I)iu'dnaor I )\\ina, drawynge with it iniunnerai)le oilier ryuers, runneth with a vehement 
 fourl'e towMrde the nortlie : an<l that the fea is there exieadyii;,' larj;e: fo that fi>lyn},' by the 1 oaft of the ryuht 
 liande, Ihippes may liaue ]pall.ij^e from tlienle to Cathay as is tluiughl by moll lykely coiiie( Hue, exiepte there 
 lye film lande in the waye. For the region of Cathay perteyneth to th[c]e.\treme and fiirthelle partes of ihe 
 Kalle, fituate ahiioll in the |)aralell of 'I'hracia, and knowen to the I'ortiigales in India when they fi)ied iieare 
 theriunto by the regions of Siiiaia and Mala< ha to Aurea Cherfoiiefus, and brought Iruiii theiife certeyne vellures 
 made of Sables Ikynnes, by whiili only argument it is apparente that the litie of Cathay is not farre from the 
 coalles of Scytliia. 
 
 Itut when Demetrius was demaiinded whether eyther by the inonuinentes of letters or by fame lefte tlu\in 
 of theyr predi(elfours, they hadde any knowleage of the gotlies who nowe more then a thoufand yeares fem e 
 fubuerted 'rh[e]eiiipire of the Roin.ine I'.mperours, and defaced the cilie of Rome, he anfwered, that both the 
 nation of tlie (iothes of the 11. line of kyii.,'e Totilas theyr chiefe capitayne, was of fiinous nieinorie aiiKHige 
 them ; And that dyilers nations ot the north regions tonfpired to that expedition, and elpeiiallye the Mofeouiles: 
 Alfo that that ariiiie increafed of the confluence of the llarbaroiis Liuons and wanderynge Tartars: liut 
 that they were all caiiled (lollies forafmuch as the dothes that iuhabitetl Si ondania and Il'elande, were the 
 au( toiires of tint inualion. 
 
 And with tliefe boundes are the Mofcouites inclofed on eiiery lide, whom we thinke to be tliofe jieople 
 that I'tolome cauled Modoeas ; but haiie doubtelelVe at this da) their name of the riuer Mofeo whiche runneth 
 through the chiefe citie Mofc a named alfo after the fame. This is the niofl famous citie in Mofcouia, afwell 
 for the liluation thereof beiiige in inaiier in the myddell of the region, as alfo for the coinmodious o|>ortiiiiitie 
 of ryuers, miillitude of lioufes, and llronge I'eiife of fo fi)re and goodly a calleil. I'or the i ilie is extended 
 with a longe tracte of buyldynges by the baiikes of the ryuer for the fpace cf fyiic myles. The houfes are 
 m.ide all of tyniber, and are diuided into parlers, ( liaiubers, and kiehins of large rooines ; yet neyther of 
 vnfeemely height or to lowe, but of decent meafuro and proportion. For they haiie greate trees apte for the 
 purpofe browght from the forelle of Ileninia? of the which, made perfectly rounde like the niailes of fliii*: .-., 
 anil fo l.i)de one vppoii an other tli.it they ioyne at the endes in right angles, where being made very fill and 
 fure, they frame theyr houfes thereof of manieloiis flrength with finaiile charges anil in verye lliort tyme. In 
 maner all the houfes haue priuate ganlens afwell for pleafure as comnioditie of lierbes, wherby the circuite of 
 the difperfed citie appeareth very greate. All the wardes or ipiarters of the citie, haue theire peculiar chap|>els. 
 liut in the c hiefcll and liighell place llierof, is the Church of owre l.idi of amiile and goodly workemanfliypipe, 
 wlii( he .\rilloteles of lioiionie, a man t f lingular knowleadge.md experience in arihitet ture.lii'ylded more then. 
 l.x. [lixty] yeares fence. At the very head of the citie, a little ryuer cauled N'eglina whith dryiieth many t orne 
 niylles, entereth into the ryuer Mofcus, and makelh alnioll an Hand, in wliofe enil is the callell with many 
 fining towrs anil biilbvarkes, buyliled very fayre by the iliuife of Italien archilecturs that are the mailers of the 
 kiiiges workes. In the lieldes abowt the citie, is an incredible multitiid of hares and roe buckes, the which it 
 is l.iwefull for no man to ili.ife or perl'ue with doggcs or nelles exi i|ile only certeyne of the kiiiges fimili.irs and 
 flraunge amballidoiirs to whom he giueth licence by fpeciall comm.iimdement. Alinoll three partes of the 
 citie is inuironed with two ryuers, and the refyilue with a large mote that receaueth i>!entie of water fiome the 
 fayde ryuers. The citie is alfo defended on the other fyde with an other ryuer named laufa, whiche fiulelii 
 alfo into Mofcus a little beneath the cilie. I'lirthermore .Mofcus runnjng towarde the South, fiulelh into the 
 ryuer Ocha or Occa muclie greater then it felfe at the towiie Coliimna, and not very fane from 
 thenfe Ocha it felfe increafed with other riiiers, vnladeth Itis llreames in the famous riuer Volgo, 
 wher at the ])lace where they ioyne, is lituate the citie of Nouogrodia the leffe, fo nameil in refpecte 
 of the greater citie of that name Irom wlienfe was browght the tirlle colonic of the lefle cilie. Volga 
 cauled in owlde tyme Kha, hath his originall of the gre.ite maryflhes n.iiiicil the white lakes. Thefe are aboiie 
 Mofcouia betwene the Northe and the Well, and fende furlhe from them almollall the ryuers that are difperfed 
 
 ]>3 
 
 The monnlilnfi 
 iMiikil Mi|»rrlH)rcl 
 U.iukr^ uf JtUi*r» 
 kyiivlus. 
 
 .M '■>• Miiij lu 
 cath.ijr. 
 
 C.ith.iy. 
 
 M.i»|pr K.li"! 
 i.itilcih I (ill ijr 
 ttie ri-,;i'>n uf 
 ••Ularuiil. 
 
 n.e r...ihc» 
 
 siiluirrleil the 
 kiiiiLiiiu Kin|iirc. 
 
 Tlic north rci;ioiil 
 roiisiiireil .ii;''inkt 
 the Kuitiaiis. 
 
 284 
 
 riie cilie uf 
 Muttco. 
 
 Ki.h.inl 
 
 cfi-iiitircIiT toutila 
 ni<r iti.it ihc^e 
 Ill.l^tcs :irc 
 siiinwn.il hit|i\»ii 
 cm the iiii<! -yit', 
 .iii>l ih.it lt)cli'>lo 
 sylc of iJiL- iH'.<t 
 f'litcrclh iiit" tliL* 
 Mriii.' wht-rl'V tlicy 
 lye very cluhc. 
 
 TIip cnstcl i»f 
 Mii^cx 
 
 White liarc^ and 
 
 roe Ltut-kvi. 
 
 The r>uer OlIlx 
 
 V,.lKr,. 
 Nuuogrodix 
 
 Rh.v 
 
 The whytc fakrt. 
 
 I 
 
 ■ r 
 
 \: 
 
 % 
 
 \ '<' 
 
 4' I 
 
 
314 
 
 Mofcoiiia aud Catliay. 
 
 r\ 
 
 W'^ 
 
 ' I 
 
 The Ryphean an*.! 
 
 hy|H.Tt,iirc.in 
 
 tii<»unt.iyhes 
 
 TaiKiis anil 
 
 'lllC Ka l:Ullxillll<>. 
 
 The t'a^pi.m sex 
 
 Astr.it hail. 
 
 Aniiciiia 
 Ca^at). 
 
 285 
 
 Surx 
 
 buruiiiiii. 
 
 Nouogfiniix 
 
 The trmplf of 
 
 h.mcl.i bij|)hi.L 
 
 The cicuation uf 
 
 thl- pule <l 
 
 Nouf^r >ilia ami 
 
 MuSCMtll.l. 
 
 Ilralu I'V rc'iMin 
 uf fthurt iiyghtrs. 
 
 The < ili.- .»f 
 
 Vul<M>C*4MriX 
 
 The rilic .f 
 M..>t.ha 
 
 Volga. 
 
 T>ie i i:ie of 
 
 1'lCIM.UlliA. 
 
 The ritic of 
 
 l..iU'Le. 
 
 Kntiil Kumc li» 
 
 WytUf-r tr.nnvte 
 
 M.iry^^hel in 
 wmmcr. 
 
 into ilyuers re^fions on cucry fydc, as wee fee of tlie Alpes from wliofe to|)i)cs and f])rynge.s defcend the waters 
 of wliufe concourl'c the ryturs of Khcne, I'o, and Rodaniiiii, haiie tiu'yr intTcafe. For thefe niaryflht's in the 
 fleade of niountaynes ful of f|iryn^i-s, niiniller abundant inoylliire, forafnmeh as no mountaynes ate yet founile 
 in tliat rejjion l>y the longe traua;!es of men, in fo much that manye that haue l))n iltidioiis of the owlde 
 C'ofniograpliie, fiippofe the Ryphean an<; IljiJerhorean nioinitaynes fo iften nientionLil of the aniient writers, 
 to hee fahuli.iis. l''roni thefe niar\flhes theifore, tlie ryiurs of Dvvina, Ovlij, Mod iiiis, Volga, I'aiiais, and 
 lioryllhenes, haue theyr originall. 'I'he Tartars caule Volga lidci : Tanais they eaiile Don; And Itoryllhenes 
 is at tliis day eauieii Neper. This, a lytlle beiiealhe 'I'auriea, runneth into the fea I'luxinus. Tanais is 
 receaued of the maryHhes of Meutis at the nohie marte towne A/ouni. Ihit \'olga ieanynge the citie of Mofi ha 
 towarde the fouth and runnyn.e with a large tircnile and greate wyndynges and ereckes fwfl towarde t!ie 
 l'',alle, then to the \V(.l\, and l.Hlly to 'lie fonlh, fauletii with a lull llreanie into the C'afpian or ll_\rianfea. 
 Alioue lie mouth of ihi', is a tiiie of the 'I'artars eauled Cytraehan, which fuin caule Allrai han, where niartes 
 are kepte by the niarehauntes of Media, Arnienii, and I'erfia. On the further banke of X'olga, there is a lowne 
 of the 'I'artars eauled (.'afan, ot' ;he which tl.e ?lorila of the Cafanite Tartars tooke theyr name. It is diilante 
 from the moulh t)f N'olga .md t!ie L'.ilpian fea f\ue huiidreth myles. Almue Cafan. CI. [one hundred and 
 fniy) myles at the enteraunce of il.e rymr Sura, Kuilius tii.it now reigneth, btiylded a towne laulcil .Surcium, to 
 ili|e|intente that in thofe defertes, the niarehainites ami trauailers which certifie the gouernours of the marches 
 of the doinges of tlie Tartars and the maners of th.it viii|niet n.ilion, may have a f.ile in.mfion anionge lhe)r 
 culloniers. 
 
 Tli[e]empeniurs of Mofcoui.i at dyucrs tynu's, e)ther nimieil iherto by occ.ifion of thynges preRnle, or for 
 the defyre they had to nobilil.ite newe and obfcure pl.r.es, haue kejite the fe.Ue of theyr courte anil Ijnpire in 
 dyuers cities. For .Nouogrodia whit he lyeth towarde the Welle and the l.yuon fea, not many yeares palle, was 
 the headde citie of .Mof< ouia, anil obteyned euer the chiefe dignitie by reafon of the incredible number of houfes 
 and edili[c:]es, with the oportunilie of the l.irge Like replenyfllud >Mth fyl'lhe, and alio lor the lame of the molle 
 aiinc lent and venerable temple whiclie more then loure liundiiiu )eris fence was ih-dicati-d to .Sancta .S^plii.i 
 Chrylle the loonne of (iod, ac c-ordynge U> the c iilbmie of the luuprours of lii/.intium nowc eauled Conll.mtinople. 
 Nouogrodia is ojiprelTed in m.mer with continual) wynter and darkenelTe of longe nyghtes. For it hath the pole 
 .\rtike eleuate aboue the Horizon tiireefcore a'ld foure degrees: and is further from the F.c|uinc)c tiall then 
 Mole ouia by .dmolle. vi. degrees, lly wliiche djlVerence of he.iiien, it is fayde that at the fonuner Ikye of the 
 foonne, it is burnte witli coiitimiall lieale by reafon of the Ihorte nyglues. 
 
 'i'he citie alio of N'olodemaria, beinge more then twoo lunidreth nyles diilant .Voni Nbifca iowarde the 
 I'lafle, had the name of the chiefe citie and kynges towne, whylh'-r the (e;ite of 'l'h[e]einpire was tr.mllated by 
 the valiant I'.mperours for necellarie lonfiderations, that fuch a)cle, furniture, and rei|uilites as apperteyne to the 
 warres niygli: bee iie.ire at h.indc at hii:he l)nie as they kepte conlinu.ill w.irre .igeynile the 'I'arl.irs lluyr 
 bortherers. For it is Ijlu.ite withowt X'olg.i, on the b.mkcs of the ryucr flelina, wliic he fiuhlh into \'olga. Itut 
 .Mi,'!c ha, afwell for thofe gyfles .md cc)mmodiiies wlureof we haue Ipoken, as alio ih.it it is litiiate in the myddell 
 of the moll frec|uented place of ,iil the region and limpire, and defended with the ryucr and Callel, hath in 
 comparyfon to other cities byn thowght molle woorthy to bee efleemed for the chicle. Mofcha is dill.int frouj 
 N'oiiogrocli.i liue hundrdh m)ks: .md .ihnoll in the niydde way is the i itie of ( )ltori.ii.i (otluTMNle cauUil ( ttuc^r 
 or luwir) vppon the ryuer of Volg.i. 'I'his ryuer mare vnto the fount. lynes aiicl I'pringes of the l.inie, not yit 
 in reafed by rci:eauyng "b many other ryuers, rimneth but (lowely and genleHy; Aivl palfeth from ihenfe to 
 Nc)iic)grodia through many wooddcs and defol.ite jilaynes. l''urihermore fror.ie Nouogrodia to Kiga the nexte 
 I o.le of the .Sarniati.m fc.i, is the icjrnay of a thoiil.ind nnlis I) tile hiorc or lelTe. This tr.u te is thought to bee; 
 more ccimmodious then the otlur, bycaule V huh inan\e .ownes and the citie of I'lefc oui.i in the w.iye, benige 
 imbr.ifed with two ryuers. Iroin Riga (perteMi\nge t,; the dominion of the ;reate mailer of the warres of the 
 liuons) to the citie of I.ubecke a porte of (iermanie in the goiilfe of C)mbrica Cherfonefiis (nowe cauleil 
 I)enm.irki-) are numbered abc ute a thoufande inyles of daungerous faylynge. 
 
 Ficjin Rome to the citie of .Mof h.i, the eiibinc e is kuowen to bee two thoufinde and fyxe hundreth miles 
 by ihe ne.irell w.iy palfynge by Rauenna, T.iruilium, the .\li)cs of t'arnica: .Mfo \ill.ic ui.i. Norinun, and \ienna 
 of I'annonie: and from theiife (palfynge oner the r)uer of Danubius) to Oiniutium of the Nfarouians and 
 to Cr.ieouia the chiefe litie of I'olonie, are foumpted. xi. hundreth myles. From fraeouia tc Vilna the 
 headde citie of Lithuania, are coinnpted tine hundreth myles; and as many from that citie to .Smolenzko lituatc 
 beyonde lloryrtheiies, from whenfe to Mofch.i are coinnptel fyxe hundreth nn les. 'I'he iorney IVome Villi, i by 
 Snioliiuko to .Molcli,), is tr.iu,i\lecl in wynter with expedite lle;ides and incredible celeritie vppon the liiowes 
 hardened with longe frolle and toiiipacte l)ke Ife by reafon of muc he wear)iige, liui in foonime'-, the pl;i)nes 
 c.m ii^'t bee oiierp,ilfed but by clitfic u''.- and laborious trau,iyle. For when the hiowes by the continu;ill heate 
 of the foonne bc.g)n to melte and chlfolue, tiny caufe great maryflhes and ciuaniytes;ible to intangle botlie horiu 
 v* 
 
 '. I 
 

 Mofcoiiia aud Catliuy. 
 
 315 
 
 and man, were it not that wayes arc matlc throwgh the fame with l>ryclges and caiifcys of wood, an<l ahuofl 
 infinite hil«)iire. 
 
 In all llio rfi;i(>n of Mofcoiiia, there is no vaync or mine of golde or fyhicr, or any other tomnion metail 
 cxccpto iron: neyiiuT yet is there any token of precious flonc^ And therefore they l)ye ail ihofe thynges of 
 flr.uMigers. Xeuei'.htielTe, this iniiirie of nature is reconu'enfed with ahiinilaimce of rii h fiirres, whofe price hy 
 the w.uiton nil eiielVe of men is growne to fm h cxceffe that the fiirres ])erteynynge to one forte of apparell, are 
 nowe foiilde for a thoiifamle crownes. lint the tyme hatli hyn that thefe haiie liyn bought better chepe wlien 
 (he furtlu-ll nations of the norlii beinge ignorant of owr nyfe linenefT. and bre:ahyng defyre toward elfeminate 
 and fuptHluous pleafures, exchanged the fame with niiiche finijilicitie often tymes for trylles and thynges of 
 fniaule value: In fo mudie that cc.mmonly the I'ermians aiul ]'e< eriians, wen; accMilomed to gyue lb many 
 (Icynnes of Saiiles Ibr an Ireii axe or hau het as beinge tyed harde tog)ther, the inarchauntes of Mofcuuia coulde 
 drawc ttirough the liole where the haftc or handyll entereth into tlie fame. Hit the Mof-ouites fende into all 
 ])artes of lurope the befl kyiide of tlaxe to make lynnen clollie, and henipe for ropes: Alfo many oxe hydes, 
 and exci'adyngo great malfes of waxe. 
 
 'I'hey proiidely d.'nye that the Roinane churche obteyneth the priiicipate and preeminent aiitoritie of all 
 other. 
 
 They f(j abhorre the nation of the lewes, that they deleft 'lie memorie of them, and wyll in no condition 
 admiite them to dwell within iheyr dominions: elleemyng them as wyi ked and mifcheuous ])eople that haiie of 
 late tawght tile Tiirkes to make gunnes. Ilefyde the iiookes that they haue of the ancient (Ireeke doctoiirs, 
 they liaue alio tile coiniiKiit.irics and h inn iii's of f.iynt Ainbrofe, Augulline, lerome, and (Iregorie, tranllitcd 
 
 into the Illiri:in or .Slaiion toiin;;" whii 
 
 h with iheyrs. I''or they vfe bothe llie Siauon lounge and letters. 
 
 as (loo alfo the .S( lauons, Halmales, l!ohe;iKs, I'ollones, and I.ilhuanes. This lounge is fpredde further then 
 any other at this day. l''or it is familyar at Conllanijiioplo in t'.ie coiirte of the I'.mperours of the Turkes: anil 
 was of late hanle in l'',gypte amo'ige t.'e Mamalukes in the coiirte of the Sultane of Alciyre otlierwyfe cauled 
 Memphis or ll.ibildn in I'.gipte. .\ greUe number of lio',kes of holy firiptiire are tranllate'J into this tounge by 
 lh[ejiiidullrie of I'ajnie lerome and t'yillus. I'urtherniore, befyde the hydories of tin yr oviie counlreys, they 
 haue alfo bookes conleynyng the facte . of great .Mexander anil the Koiuane Kmi)erours. and Ijkewyfe of Matvus 
 Antonius and ( 'Uopalra. They li.iue no maiier of knowleagc of ])hilofophie, .Mlroimmie, or fpeculatiiie philicko 
 with other liberall liiences: !'"t I'ui h are taken for philitians as profeli'e th.it th:y haue often time.i oblerued the 
 vertue .ind i|ualitie of linn \PKnowen herbe. 
 
 They number the yeares, nol iVoin :l;e byrth of Chryfle, but from tin' beg\ iin>ngc ti tllc worlde. And this 
 they begin to accoiinipte, not frome the monelhc of lanuary, but from Se|iteml)er. 
 
 They h.iue fevve and fimple l.iwes throwghe o>vte all the kyngedoine. made by the o()irif<r and confcicnce of 
 lluvr princes, :ind :ipproiud by the con'V;;t of w\f' and gooil men: and arc therfore greatlv for the welihe and 
 (|iiyi'tnelVe of the people forafiniich as it is not la' full to periierle iheiii with any inter|in.l.itions or < auillations 
 of lawyers or attiirncys. They punythe theiies, rouers, priuie pyckers, and iviurilierers. When they examine 
 malefactoiirs, they poure a great (|ii,intitie of collide water vppon fiiclie as they fufpccte, whiche they fay to bee 
 an iniollei.ible kynde of tt)rmeiile. IJiit fiimtymes they nunacle fiu lu- as are (loborne, and wyll not confefle 
 a|ipareiit < rymes. 
 
 Theyr youth is exen ited in dyners kyndes of games and pl.iys reftiiibelyng the warrcs, wherby they both 
 pra<iile pollicie and im reale theyr llrenglh. They vfe runnynge both on horfebacko and afoote. .Mfo riiniunge 
 at the tylle, wrellelynge, and efpeci.illy Ihooiyngc. I'i)r they gyue rewardes to fiiche as excell therin. 
 
 The Mi>r< nil s are vniuerl'.illy of meane ll.iture, yet very fiiuari' fet and myghtyly brawned. The) haue 
 al grey eyes, loiii, beardes, lliorte U'gges, and bygge bellyes. I'licy ryde very lliorte, and Ihoote backewarde 
 very cur.nyngely euen as they llye. .\t home in thtyr hoiifes, theyr fare is rather pieiitifuil then <te)niie. I'or 
 the^r tables are fiirnyflhed for a I'maule pi Ice with all fuche kyndes of me.ites as ma)- be,' defyred of fu< h as are 
 gyiien to moll excelliiie glutton)-. Hennes and duckes are bought f r lyttle fyliier p'nfe the piece. There is 
 iiii redible plenlie ol beades and catlayle bothe greato .md liiiaiil.'. The lleflhe of biel'e that is kylle<l in the 
 ni\)ilell of wynler, is fo < ongeleil ,ind frofen, that it piilnrKlhe not for the fpai e of two moonethes. 'I'lK-yr 
 belle and molle delic.itc dyflhes, are gotten by huiityiige anil liaukynge as with vs. For they take all forto.i of 
 wylde be.illes with hoimdes and dyuers kyndes of nettes. And wi:h falcons and erens or eagles of a marucylous 
 kynde whit he the region of I'ecerra bryngelh fiirlh viito them, they lake nut onely fef.iiitcs and wylde ihickes, 
 but alfo cranes aiicl wylile fw.nines. They t.ike allii 1 foule of daike coloi re abowt<' llie bygi.;enes of a goofe 
 with redile ouerbn)wes, whole llelihe in talle i)aHeth the plealaunlnelle of I'heaiaiir.ies. Thefe in the Mol'cjuiies 
 tounge are cauled J'ltnto, whiclie 1 fupiwfe to bee the fame that I'linie cauleth Erytfiraldo, knowen '.0 the 
 people ot the .\lpes, and ir%ieci.illy to the Rhetians whiche inh.ibite the I.uindes aboivte the fprynges of the ryuvr 
 Abdua. I'hc ryuer of Volj^a minillreth <iilo tluiii great lylihos and of I'leafaunte t.ille: cfpccially llurgior.s or 
 
 Ottier wryteri 
 'teiiy itiU. 
 
 286 
 
 R it lie fiiiTM. 
 
 I he price ul Turrci. 
 
 IT'iwmanv «flMe« 
 ^ltylUl»^u^dll axe. 
 
 VUx. 
 
 ' >Jie hyilc.4. 
 
 Wuxe. 
 
 Thci .i!;horrr the 
 lewcs. 
 
 Their hnkes ami 
 religion. 
 
 I'he ^ibuno 
 ti>iiii>ic stire«( 
 liirTht-'r tKei> .lu^ 
 uCher. 
 
 Sayntr It'riiiit/' 
 w.iv i'lirnr tii 
 Dalnt.ttia mu**f 
 CttuleU ^cUuQitiAi 
 
 Hmut thpv 
 tiiiiii)>f.'r ilit- 
 yearts. 
 
 Krwe aii<t Miitjtkr 
 
 Uwc» 
 
 riir exercise »f 
 V nth. 
 
 Sh(H>lytiK**. 
 
 Thr (MfiKiniitire 
 uf ihc .M>>M.uuitc«. 
 
 I'hcyr far*?. 
 
 287 
 
 H<•s^hc prc^crticd 
 hmur hy rtas>tn of 
 cmiMc. 
 U.tuttyni; anil 
 hmityiigc. 
 
 ricnlte uf fytoha 
 
 I 
 
 J.. \ 
 
3i6 
 
 Mofcoiiid and Cathay. 
 
 y 
 
 vcscrucd in Lse. 
 Wyne. 
 
 Afaliu'iMt. 
 
 All the north 
 
 mrtc tif ihc (inue 
 I.tiuic W.1H caulfii 
 S< ytliia .111(1 Ihc 
 pcnpic Scythyann. 
 
 Dryiikc i"«jul'*U 
 With l»c. 
 
 Wync uf chcrryo. 
 
 'I'hcii 
 
 l*dlcii|ngU!t. 
 
 'I'he coiKnifst of 
 the liirkuA II) 
 
 How tbe princM 
 chu>c thcyr wyucs. 
 
 288 
 
 i>uke IUmIius. 
 
 War lirtwrnc llic 
 Puloncs .trd I 
 
 W*r be*wen the 
 
 !%« > «rouitcs 
 'lliMir UuuM ' 
 
 in 
 
 Til. •• hor*r< ,iihI 
 hur!»(i;Jincii. 
 
 ratlicr a kynde of fyfriic lyke vnto (Turgions: wliichc in the wynttT fcafon hcingc inclofed in Tfo, are lonpe 
 rflcrucil frcfihe and viicomi|itc. ( )t" otlicr kindi-'s of fyfllios, llicy take in mancr an incrcdihli; nniUitiidc in tlii; 
 whylo lakes wlicreof wi-e liauc fpokcn liufor.'. And whcras tlicy vtti'riy lai kc naliiic wyncs, they vfe fuclie as 
 are l)ro\vgiit from other |ila< es. And tills only in certeine featles and imly niilleries. Mfpei ially the pleafaunte 
 Maluafies of the Hand of Creta nowc cauled Candy, arc had in inoPe honoiirc: and vfed eytlicr as inedicens or 
 for a Ihewe of excelfuic alioundaiince, forafniuche as it is in inaner a miracle that wynes lirowght fnnne Candy 
 Iiy the flrcyghtes of Hercules pillers and the llandes of (lades, and tolVeil with fuih Ihiddes of the inclofed 
 Ocean, lliiiUle he dmonke anion^'e the Scythyan fnowes in tlieyr natitie i^iritie and pleafunMnelTe. 
 
 The common people drinke niede made of hony and lioppes fodden together, whiclic they k.'cpe longe in 
 pytched barrels where the goodnes increafeth with age. They vfe alfo heere and ale as doo the Gerni.ines and 
 I'olones. They are acciillomed for delycatenes in fonuner to coole theyr becrc and mede with puttynge Ife 
 therin, whiche the noble men referiie in theyr fellars in great i|uantitie for the fame imrpofe. Summe tliere are 
 thu delyte greately in ihe iiil'e that is prelVed owte of cherries belbre they bee lull rype: whiche they alTyrme to 
 haue the coioure of i leare and ruddy wyne with a verye pleafaunte talle. 
 
 Theyr wyues and women, are not with them in fuche honoure as they are in other nations. For they vfe 
 them in maner in the place of feniantes. The noble men and gentelmen, doo diligently obferue theyr walkes 
 and haue an eye to their diallitie. They are feldoni bydden fmth to any fealles; nether are permytted to 
 reforte to chunhes f.irre o'". or to walke abrode wiihowt fum greate i onfyder.ition. Hut the (<immon forte of 
 women, are eafely and for a fmaulc price allured to lecher) e euen of llraungers: by reafon wlierot, the gentelmen 
 doo lyttle or nothynge efleme them. 
 
 lohn the f.ither of kynge I'afilius dyed nvire then. xx. [twenty] yeares fence. He maryed So|>hia the 
 doiighter of Thomas I'aleologus who reigned firre in I'eloponnefus (now iMuled Morea) ami was brotiicr to 
 Th[e|emiieroiire of conllantinople. Shec was then at Rome when Thomas her fillu r «'as dryucn owte of (irecia 
 by the Turckes. Of her were fyue chyldren borne, a; H,ifilius hym felfe, Ceorge, IJcmctruis, .Symeon, and 
 Andreas, Hafilius tooke to wyfe Salomonia the doiighter of George Soborouiiis a man of fynguler lidelilie and 
 wyfdome .\w\ onr of hys cuinfayle. 'The exiellent vertues of which woman, only barennelTe obfcured. 
 
 When the jirynces of Mofiouia ddybcrat to nvirie, theyr culloine is to haue i hoyfe of all the \)rgyncs in 
 the realme, and to caufe fuilie as are of moll fayre .ind bewtyfull vjfage ami perlnnage with maiii rs and venues 
 a( cordyng, to bee browght before them. Which aftcrwarde they committe to cerlayne faythful men and graue 
 matrones to bee furder vewed, in fo muchc that they bratie no |)arte of them vnferched. Of thefe, (liee whomc 
 the prynce moll lyketh, is |irotiouii< eil woorthy to bee hys wyfe, not withowt greate and carefull expectation of 
 tluyr parenles, lyu) nge for tli.it lyiiie betweiie hope and I" are. Ihe other vyrgyns alio which lloode in ele( tion and 
 contended in bewly and integritie of maners, are often limes the fame day to gr.ilyfye the jiryme, maryeil to 
 hys noble men, gentellmen, and cajiytaynes: wherby it fumtymes r ommeth to palfc that whyle the primes 
 conteinne the lynage of roiall defcentc, fuche as are borne of hiiiiible parentage, are exalted to the degree of 
 prliic 1 ly ellate. In I) ke maner a.s Th[e]einperours of the turckes were .iccullomcd to bee chofcn by ciiml) nelTe 
 of perfonage ami warly prowes, 
 
 lialilius was vnder th[e|.ige of forty an<l feuen yeares, of runily perfonage, fmguler vertiie. nd princely 
 (jualities, by all meanes IIihInous for the jirofperitie and commodiiics of hys fii'aiectes. Fiirthemiote in beneui>- 
 len<c. lyberalyiie and good fiu telle in hys doynges, to bee preferred before his progenitoiirs. For when he 
 hiil'i.- vi. yc.ires kepte waiTe with the I.yuons tint moued. Iwii. [I'euent) two| ronfether.ite cities to the caufe 
 of lli.kt warre, he obtcyned the \ictorie and departed wiih lewe londitions of peace rather gyum then accepteil. 
 Alfo at the begynnynge of his reig.e, he put the I'olones to llight anil took prifoner C,"on(lantiiu' the capitayne 
 of the Kufhcns whom he brought to Mofcouia tyed in chaynes. liut ihortly after at the ryuer Ikjrillhenes aboiie 
 the citie of Orfa. he hym felfe was ouercomne m a gre.it battayle by the lame I'onllantine wh(pnj he liadde dif- 
 milTed V -t fo, that the lowne of SmoUii/ko whiche the .Mof< oiiites |ii)ll'elled before aiiil v\.is now woomie by 
 the rolofw, Ihulde ll\ll perteyne to the dominions of ll.ililliis. Itut ageyiille the 'I'artars, and efpec i.dly the 
 Tartars of Fairope < .luied the I'recopites, the Mofcouiles h.uie often tymes k>.'|>U; warre with goo<l fucceUe, in 
 reuengi' of th[e]ii:ii',iies doone to them by thcyr imurlions. 
 
 Il.ililius is acciillomed to brynge to the llelde more tli<n .i hundn ih .ind fifii.' thoufanrle horfemcn deiiided 
 into three bandes and folowynge the banners or enfeigiirs of theyr c.ipit.iynes In ordir of b.ilt.iyle. On the 
 banner of the kjnges wynge, is figured the im ige of lofue the capit.iine of the llebrewes .it whole pr,;yer the 
 foone prolonged the tl.iye and lleyde his coiirfe as wytnefle the hyllories of holye fcripttire. Arndes of foole- 
 men are in maner to no vfe in thofe great >\y!denielTes, afwel for theyr apparel beinge loofe and longc, as alfo 
 for the culloine of iheyr enemies who in the\r wanes trulle lather to the f'.vyfteiieffe of theyr lyght horfes then 
 to Irye the matter in a jiyght lyclde. 
 
 Theyr horfes are of lelVe then meaiie llature ; but verye llronye .md fwyfie. Theyr liorfeinen are annej 
 
Mofcouia and Cathay. 
 
 317 
 
 ; longc 
 in the 
 ichc as 
 ifaiinte 
 1.11s or 
 I '.iiidy 
 luloffd 
 
 I 
 
 with pykos, ryiiettcs, mafes of Ircn and arrowcs. Fewc haiic hooked fwoordes. Thcyr bodies arc defended 
 with rounde Targets after the maner of the 'riirki.-s of Afia : or widi hcndyng and cornarde targcttes after the 
 mancr of the Cireekes : Alfo with roates of niay'c, lirygaiUyncs, and lliarpe helnieltes. IJafilius dyd furtlier- 
 niore inflytutc a l)and of hargalmfiers on liorlbackc : anil c aufed many greate brafen pieces to beo made by the 
 woorkemanfliypc of ccrteync Italyans : and the fane vilh tlieyr llockes and wlieeles to bee placed in the caftell 
 of Mofca. 
 
 'I'he kyngc hym felfe with ]>ryncely mai^nyfycencc and fingiilor familiaritie (whcrwith neiierthelefle no ])arte 
 of the maieilie of a kyng is vyolate) is acciilloiiied to dyne <)|niily with liys noble men and llraiinge amball'a- 
 dours in liys owne chamber of prefencc where is feene A mcriifloiis qiiantitye of fyliier and gylte plate llandyngc 
 vpi)on two great and high cubbardcs in the fame chamber. He hath nut abowte hym any other garde for the 
 cullody of hys perfon faiiynge only hys ac<:uflonied famylye. For watclie and warde is dylygently kepce of the 
 faythfull multytuilc of the citifens : In fo muche that eiiery warde or (|iiarter of the cilie is inclofed with gates 
 rayles, and barres : neylher is it lawfuU for any man raflhely to walke in tiie citic in the nyght, or withowt lyght. 
 All the coiirte confylleth of noble men, gentelinen, and choyfe fouldyers which are cauled owte of euery regyon 
 by tlioyre towncs and vyllagies, and commauiuled to wayte tourfc by coiirfe at certcyne moonethcs ajjpoynted. 
 Furthermore »lien warre is proilaymed, all the armye is tollcctcd bothe of the owlde fouldiers antl by mufler- 
 ynge of newe in all prouynces. For the lieuetenaiiriles and capytaynes of the armye, are accuflomed in all 
 cities to mulUr the youth, and to admytle to ih[elorder of fould)crs fuch as they tliynke able to feme the turne. 
 'I'heyre wages is jiaydc them of the < ommon treaftirye of euery proiiynce which is gathered and partely paydc 
 alfo in the tyme of peace although it bee but lyttle. Hut fuch as are alVigned to the warrcs, are free frome all 
 tributes, and iniuye curtein other priuilegies wherby tliey may the more gladly and cherfuUy ferue iheyr kyngc 
 and defend ihcyr conlrey. For in the tyme of warre, occacyon is mynyllred to lliewe trewe vertue and man- 
 hoilde, where in I'o greate and no eu.trie an inllilutioii, euery man accur.lyngc to hys ap[)roucd actiuitie and 
 ingenyous forwanlnefle, may obteyne thi; fortune eylhcr of perpeiuall honuure or ignominie. 
 
 Vix olim villi fides rrfcraitihis horriJa rix'hi 
 
 Mofchorum, ft Ponti, ra f^liuia/is erat. 
 Nunc loiiio 'lutore, ilia oculis lujliiimus, tt vrbd. 
 
 Et Hiiiioni, ct monies cernimus el Jhiuios. 
 Afofthouiiim, monunientii loiii, liia eitlla leiioliicuK. 
 
 Cif/i alios mini Jos credere Democrili. 
 
 
 J*-^ 
 
 -M 
 
 Theire nrmtif*. 
 
 H.irfEatuHiers. 
 GunneiL 
 
 The Prince dynelh 
 o|)enIy. 
 
 SiE»«niiin<Ius 4ayth 
 ItiAi much ol'thit 
 ii Kviliic 
 
 The cuuodie of 
 the cilie. 
 
 The dukes cuurte. 
 
 Siiiildyen wages 
 of the cumitiuii 
 treasury. 
 
 289 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 J 
 
3'8 
 
 'I 
 
 i'^ 
 
 If 
 
 Rii^^U. 
 
 The trrtwne colour 
 grihc Kukkci. 
 
 Ko\SCUL 
 
 Thr Sl.iuon (oimpc 
 
 Vjtulalc^. 
 
 The Pnncci of 
 
 Th« ilitVe of 
 
 MuM.t>UUL 
 
 C OTHER NOTABLE TIIYNGES 
 
 AS CONCIiRNYNGI< MCXSCOVIA: GATIIIiRHD OWT OF 
 
 THE liOOKI'S OF SIGISMVNDVS LIIUCRVS. 
 AW^ //ill/ when hefayih myhs, he meaneth Imqucs, 
 
 ^Rotn whcnfc RiiUki had the name, llierc are clyiicrs opinions. 
 Slime Ihynkc that it was fo named of one Rurfiis the fooniie or 
 neiiie of Ix'ch the kynge of the I'olons. Other aflirme that it 
 was fo cauled of a cerleyne owKle towne named R\mViis not 
 farre froiuc Nouogoro la or Nouogardia the more. Sum aifo 
 tiiynke that it was fo cauled of the hrowne coloure of the nation. 
 lUit theMofcouians confute al tliefe opinions as vntrewe : .Xriirin- 
 ynge tliat this nation was in owld tyme cauled RolTeia as a nation 
 difperfed, as the name it felfe doolh declare. I'lir Rofleia in 
 the Ruthens lounge, doothe lignifie dif|)erfed or fcattered. 'l"he 
 whi< h thynge to he trew, dyuers otlier ]ieople coininyxt with 
 tli[e]inhat)itaiintes, and ilyuers |iroiiin<es lyinge here and there 
 hetwene dyui.rs |';irtes of KiiHi.i doo |ilaynely declare. Hut 
 whenfe fo euer they tooke tlieyr name, douhllelle all the people 
 that vfe the Slauon tounge, and profelVe the fayih of Chryll after 
 the maner of the Cireekes, (cauled in theyr common language 
 kulli, and in the Latin tounge Rutheni) are increafed to fiu he 
 a multytude that they haue eylhcr expulfed all the nations thai lye helwene them, or dr.nvne them to theyr 
 manor of lyuynge, infomuehe that they are nowe cauled all Kullieni hy one common name. 
 
 Furthermore the Slauon tounge (whivhe at this daye is fumwhat corruptly cauled Sdauon) runneth cxccad- 
 yng far, as vfed of the P.ilmates, llon'ui lifer, C'ro.itians, Illrians, and liy a longe tr.u te of the fca .\ilri.itike vnto 
 l-'onim lulii: Of the C'arui.uiN alio w home the Wiietiaiis < aule t'h.uln^ : and lykewyfe of lite ("irniDlins ,ind 
 Carinllii.ins vuto the ryuer Drauiis; Furthermore ol the Stirians within (Iret/ium and liy Muer.iviilo D.mu- 
 bius and from tlaiife of the .\1) fi.ms, Seruians, liulg.irians, and other inhahitynge euen \ nto Conllantinople : 
 Furthermore of the Itohemians, laif.icians, Silefiaiis, Morauians, and th[e)iuhal)itauntes neare vnto the ryuer 
 Vagus in the kyiige<lome of lluiigarie: The S'^lons aifo and the Rutheii'aiis whofe Fiiipire reacheth veiy 
 farre : i)ke',v)fe the tircalKiiis and (JuiiKiuemont.iiiians vnto Toutus ; and is fmin theiife \li<l in the north 
 partes of (Jermmie anionge the remanent of the Vaixlales inli.ihiiyng lure and there. All whiilie nations 
 although they acknowleage them fehies to liee Sclauoiis, yet the (lerniayns taking the deiiomiualion only of the 
 Vand.des, < aule al them that vfe the Slauon tounge, Vuenden, Vuinden, or V'uindylh. 
 
 Of the Primes that nowe reigne in Ruffia, the chiefe is the great llukeof .Mufcoui.i who jiofieri'ith the 
 greatell p.irt therof. 'I'he fecomle is the great duke of Lithuania: and the thyrile the kynge of I'oloiiie, who 
 nowe ohteyneth the dominion of I'olonie ami l.ithuani.i. 
 
 Ill autorilie and dominion ouer his fuliiectes, the prime of NFofcouie palVeth all the monarkes of tlie 
 worlde. I'lir he depriueth all his nohle men and genteluun of al theyr lioldes and munitions at his pleafure. 
 He Iriilkth not his owne brotheine, hut opprelVeth all with lyke feruili'.de. In fo iiuiche that wliome fo euer he 
 coniinaundeth eyther to remayne with hym in the < ourte, or to goo to the warres, or fen<leth on .in .imli.ilV.igi-, 
 they arc cc;npelled to bee at theyr owne charges, e.vceptc the younge gentelmen the foonncs of the Hoi, irons, 
 that is, tlic noble tm ; of the lowell degree. He \furpeth this autoritie afwell ouer the fpirilualtie as the ternpo- 
 raltie ; conflitutynge what him lylleth of the goods and lyfe of al men. Of his coimfilers there is not one that 
 <lare diffenie from hym ifi any thynge. They openly loiitVife that the w\l of the prince is the wyll of god : and 
 therfore t.iule hym the key bearer and chanibeileii of god, and beleiie him to bee the e.xeeutor of gods wjll. 
 
Mofcoitia ivui Cathay. 
 
 3'9 
 
 By rcafon wherof, the prince hym felle when any pcticion is made to hyin for the deHuerie of any captiuc, is 
 accilllonicil to aiinfwcre : Winn j^od coinrnaimdith he fli.iihe dcliiarcd. I.ykewyfe when any alketlt a (lucllion 
 of an vn<;erteyne or di)ul)tt'fiill thyii};c, tlieyr lullonie is to anfwere tlius : Clod knowelli and tlie create prime. 
 It is vneerteyne whetlier the (ruellie and fiercenes of llie nation <h)<) rec|uyre fo tyrannous a prince, or whether 
 by the tyranny of the jirime, the nation is made fo fier. e and ( ruell. 
 
 llahhiis the foonne of loini, was the fyrll that tooke vpp^n hyni the name and title of a kynj^e in this nianer: 
 The ureat lorde H.ifilius, by the grace of god kynge and Icjrde of all Riillia and the greale duke of ViinliMlimaiia, 
 Mofeouia, Noiiogardia, etc. 
 
 Furthermore, wheras nowe tliis jiriiK e is caiiled an I'anperour I )i:nie thought good to (l.,.'we the tvtle anil 
 raufe of this errour. Note tlierfore that C'/ir in the Uiilhens loiin;;!; ri^nifuih a kynj^e, whrras in the language 
 of the Slauons, l'i)l|iins, iiiihenies, and ollur, the fan'e woorde C.'.ai fii;mlirth (.'efar by x\liiihe name 'll\|e]e!n- 
 perours haue byn commonly caiiled. Fur txitiie they and the Slauons that are vnder the k\ngdonie of 
 Ilun^'arie, caiile a kynge by an other name : as fum trail, other Kyrall, and fum Koroll : but tliinke that only 
 an I'.mprroure is cauleil Czar. Whereby it came to palVj that the Kiith.-ne or .Molcouitc interpretoiirs heiryn^e 
 llK\r prime t(^ bee fo rauled of llraimge nations, bejjan them felues alio lo n.ime Inni an I'lnperour, and 
 tiiinki- the n.ime of t.'/ar to liee more worthy tiien the n.n.ie of .i kynge, al!liow^;li Hiey fi^nille all ime tliynge. 
 Hut who fo wyi reade all theyr hydories and booies of holy fcriplure, Ihall fynde that a kynge is cauled Czar, and 
 an Kmperour Kelfar. Ily the lyke erronrc 'I'hleVmpeiour of the 'I'erkes is cauled Czar, who neuerthelefle of 
 anticpiitie vfed no lusher tytle then the n.Uiie of a kynge, expreffed by iliis woorde Czar. .\n<l hereof the 
 'l"urkes of Furope tli.it vfe the .Slauon t )ungt, caule the eilie ,)f Conll.iiitinopI' C/ u-rad, (th;'.t is) tile kynges 
 citiu. 
 
 Sum caule the prince of Mofeonie the whyte kynge. wlm he I thinkc to proccade of the whytc cnppos, or 
 other tyreiiientes they weare on iheyr heades, lyke a.s they r.aile the kynge of I'ercia Kililp.ilT.i I'that is) r-.'dde 
 hcadde. lie \feth the tylle of a kynge when he wriieth or femletli to Rcmie, ihe llmperour, she pope, the 
 kynf;e of Suelia and Pinmatke, the i;reate m.illi r el I'l; Ifia and l.iiionia, and alio to ihe greate 'i'urke as I 
 haue b)n c redably inforiued : but he is not caultd k)n^;e of .iny of tluiii, exdpli' pethappes of tlit l.iuons. 
 \et by .'lalnii ol his later con(imf1es, luni haue thought liyni worthy the name ol a kynge or rather of an 
 I.mperoiir byiaule he hath kynues vnder his Fmpire. 
 
 To the kynge cif i'ii|(ir,e lie vlelli llii.- t\tle : The great l'>rile n.'filiiis by the graic of god, loide of ail Riiffi.i, 
 and greate duke of \'uoli>ciimeri.i. .Mofiouii. N'ouog.irdi.i. etc le.iu.nne owt the tylle of a kyng. For none of 
 them vouchefafclli to rereaue the le'ters cif the otlier all^;mented with any newe tylle, as 1 knewe by experience 
 at my being in ?tIofcouia, at which tyne .Sigifmundus the k)iige of I'olone feiite hym his letters ■•ugmented with 
 the tytle of the Duke of Mafouia, wlurwilh he was not a lyttle olVinded. 
 
 They uliirie i'l theyr liyllories thai before Vui)lodime''.i and ( )lli.i, the l.ii,.le of ktifl'ia was baptifed and 
 biel'leil of faynt Aiidrewe tlije].ipollle of ( 'liryll, a(lirniyni;i' th.it he <'.inie from Clrecia to the moiilhes of the ryuer 
 lioryllhenes ; and th.it he l.iyled vppe the tyi'er to the mountaynes where .is is nowe Chiouia: and that there 
 he bleHed ail the lande and jilaced his crolVe, |)rophcfyinge alfo that the grace of goil Ihulde bee greate there, 
 anil th.U tin v.- Ihulde bee iii.iny i liiin lies of Cliryl\ian nan : l.vkewyfe that he .ifterwarde ( .uiie lo the fprynges 
 of lloryllheiii-s vnto the ^;ieat Like S'uoluk, ,iiid by the ryuer I.oiial defeended iiilo the I. ike lliiur : trum wlieiife 
 by the riuer Vuolcon wlii< lie nmiielli owte of the fame lake, he came to Nou.igarili.i : and pilfed I'rome theiife 
 by tile lame ryuer to the Like Ladoga and the ryuer lleiia, ami fo viito the fea wliii he thev '•■lule Vuarel/koi.i, 
 beinge the fame that we caule the (iernviyne fea, betwene Viiiiilandi.i or I'inlandia and I.iuonia, by the whi, he 
 he fasled to Koiiir, ami was at the lalle < rueit'ieil for Cluylle his grlpell in Pelnpnumfus by the iM.iiiny nf .\gu.s 
 Antipater, as tbeyr i rowiiarUs make iiieiitiDii. 
 
 The prynce eutry feconde or lliyrde yeare, caiifeth a miiflir to bee taken of the foonnes of the Iloiarons, 
 and takethe an aceoumpte bothe of theyr number and licwe many liorles and men eiury of them is able to 
 make : and ilien appoyntelli .i eeileyne llypende to fiu he as are able further to beare theyr owne charges in the 
 warres. They h.iue felilome any red or i|ii.itnelfe. I'Hr they evtlier keipe wine wi.h liie l.itlui.iiii.ins, l.iuoiiians, 
 Siietians, or T.irt.irs of ('.ilim. ( >r yl it luiliaiime tli.it the prym e kiepe no w.irri-, yet dooih he ye.irely 
 appoynte garryfons »>»'. x\. |twenly] ihoufanue meiine in pLu es abowt T.m.ii^ .iiid ( )n .i to re|ireHe the incurlions 
 anil robberyes of the l-'.uropean T.irl.us cauled I'reeopites. 
 
 As in other nutters, euen fo in tl^ejorder of w.irrefare ther is great iliuerfiiie amonije men. For die Mof- 
 cnui.in .is foone as he lugvniHtli to live, ihiiikelh of none odier fun oiire but pulteth .ill his confideni e therein. 
 Ikinge piirlueil or taken ol his enemie, he neyilur defeiideili himfelle nor delireihe perdon. 
 
 The Tartar call of from his horfe, fpoyled of al his armure ami weapons, ami alfo fore wounded, defetideth 
 hvn» felfe with h.mdes, feete, and teethe, and by ail meant s he m.iy, vniyll his llrenj;lh and fpirite f.iyle hym. 
 
 The lurke, when he leeth li)m felfe dellitute of all lieljie and hope to eUape, doth humbly delyre pardon, 
 
 290 
 
 ] Why Ihc iliilr of 
 
 I MWK'.'IIIA WA-t 
 I .iiili'd ..II 
 Kinpvruur 
 
 'Ilic grrate Turk* 
 
 The whyte kynge. 
 
 Thr .hilcr ..f 
 MuM:uuu(liikt>tle. 
 
 Rtiwia hnptyied 
 by vi>M(i- 
 Aliilrrwr the 
 .\|n>»tic 
 
 '\\\r MoMToliilM 
 
 201 
 
 the wiin. 
 
 I 
 
 n 
 
 ji'i 
 
 1 
 
^ 
 
 320 
 
 Mofconia aud Catliay. 
 
 Iliii 
 
 Hi 
 
 'i'. 
 
 V 
 
 \ 
 
 Tfie M(MC0U>ie« 
 army. 
 
 Howe ht 
 
 mavnicynilh hU 
 
 Irutrtimcnti ol 
 Wane. 
 
 mill I .iri.trk 
 
 298 
 
 Tlir prouincc of 
 
 Fxircmr hMit in 
 
 onrtinR away his weapons anf! aniiiiir, and rcching fiirth to the victoiircr his hands ioyncd together to be boundc, 
 li()|)yn^;u l>y <:i|>iii)iiic to f.iui' his Ij le. 
 
 The Mdfcoiiiiis in plicciiif;!' tlu'yr arrnye rluife tiiiin a larfje pl:iyne where llie heflofthem pytch tlieyr 
 tcntes ami the otiier nialce ihem certen arbours of l)ouwes fy\t in tlie groumle, iiendyng togetlier the lopjjcs 
 therof, wiiiiljc tliey couer willi thi-yr clokes to defende tlienifeliics, iheyr bowes, arrowes, facUlyles, and other 
 tlieyr nereflarics from rayne. 'I'liey |iiit fnrili theyr horfes to jiadure, and for that caufe liaiie theyr tentes fo 
 farro iit fiindcr, wliiiji they fortifye neytlier with carles or trenclus or any otlier inii)edyn)ent, exceple perhappes 
 tlie plaie l)ee defended |iy nature as witii wouddes. ryiiers and inaryflhes. 
 
 Jt ni.iv pi'rlia|ipes feenie llraungc howe he ni.iynteyneth hym and iiys fo longe with fo fniaule an army as I 
 haue fayiie. I wyll nowe therfore brefely declare theyre fparynge and frngahtie. lie that hath fyxc or fum- 
 lyiiies more liorfes, vfeli> one of tlieni as A pa( ke liorfe to l)eare all tlu'yr neeelT.iryes. lie hath alfo in a bapRC 
 of two or three fpanes I<inj;e, the lloiire or nieale of die grayne eaiiled mylle : and. viii. or x. potmdes weyghte 
 of f« yne;* llefllij pondered, lie ii.ithe lykewyfe .\ bigge ^y{ falle. myxle widi pep|)er if he bee ryche. Turther- 
 niort eiiery man earyeth with hym A hatchet, A fyre boxe, and a brafen i)olte ; fo that if they chaunce to 
 cooinmc to any place where tiicy can fynde no frnte.s, garlyke, onyons or flefihe, they kjndle a fyre and fylle 
 theyr poites with w.iter wh.Timto they put a fpoonefidl of meale with a i|uantitie of falte, and make pottage 
 tlurol, wlurwidi die iiiader and ail hys fc riuuintes lyiie contented. Hut if llie mailer bee Viry liungary he 
 ea'vdi all .done, .iiul the feruanles are fumtyines inforfed to fafte for the fpace of two or liiree dives. .And yf 
 the ni.iller intende to fare fuiuwliai more delycately, then he addeth therto a lytlle jiortion of fwynes lleflhc. I 
 fpeake not tins of the bed of tl.em, bnt of fuclie as are of the meane forte. The goiiernours and capytaynes of 
 tli[e].iiin\e, tliio funi tjiiies bvdde the |)oou'r forte to theyre t.ibles : wlu're theye feeile them felues fo wel, that 
 they falle two or three dayes alter. Wlun they li.uie fruits, garl)ke, and onyons, theye can well forbeare all 
 ether meates. IVoceiiynj^e forw.;rde to the battayle, they put more confydence in theyr multitude, and with 
 what great arniyes they alTayle th-yr eiiemyes, then eytlier in the llrengthe and valyantenelTe of theyr foultiyers, 
 or in wlII iiillruclynge theyr arniye : and fyglit better afarre of, then at hande : anil therfore (ludy howe to 
 eircuiiiueiit or iiicioi'e ilicyr eneinyes and to al('a\le them on the baeke halfe. 
 
 'i'hry haue many trunijii'ers : The which v. hyle they bio >■ .dl at once after theyr inancr, make A tncnielous 
 llraipige iioyfe. They haue alfo ui other kynde of inllrumer tes which they caule S/.urna. Thefe they blowe 
 wiiliottte feafynge foi the fpace of an home logither, fo tem| eryng the fame and holdyng in the wynd whyle 
 they drawe more, that the noyfe feeiu.'ih lonlinuall withoute inlermyriion. 
 
 They vfe all one m.iner of .ipji.ireyle : as longe coates wilhowte jil'.'yghtes and v ith narrowe fleaues ;'.fter 
 the inaner of the Hungaryans. Thefe tli-' Chrillians vl' to butten on the right fyde : and the Tartars (vJmge 
 the lyke) biil'en them on the lefte fydc. I'hey weaie redde and fliorte bufkyns that reache not to theyr knees: 
 and haue the foules therof ilefended with I'lates of Iren. In maner all theyr fliyrtes are wroughte with dyuers 
 colours aboute the necke : and haue die collars and rulTcs byft lie with lyttle roimde baules hke beades, of 
 fyhier 01 gylted to])per, and fuiiitvme [lerK s alio. They g\rde lliem felues benetli the bellye eii.n as liiwe as 
 theyr priuy ineinbers, that t'lcy may feine nuie booiviy whieii the) greately elUine, as doo at tliys day the 
 Spanyardes, Itdyans, an<l .MiuayneK. 
 
 The pr.Hiinie of Mufconi.i is ni ithcr \er)' large nor fnilfull, forafnuiche as the feilylytyc is hyndered with 
 fandye grounde wliii h euherwith to muclie drynelVe or iiioylbr k)lleih the come. !'"uri! ermore the iinnio>leraie 
 and Ih.irpe \ ntciiiper.iteneffe of the ayre while the couhle of the wynter oiieri nmnielhe the licale of the looniic, 
 tumiyiiies dothe nut fiilfer the corne to rype. For the coulde is there fumtynie fo extreame, tii.it lyke as with vs 
 in fommer by rcafon of heate, etieii fo there by extreame coulde the ycavth hath many great chynkes or breaches. 
 W.iter alfo call into the ayre, ami fpeltle f.uilyiij; from oii[e]s nioiitlie, are frofen before ti.ey touche the grounde. 
 I my felfe, when • ime tlietluT in the ye.ire \^i(i. fiwe tli'' biaimchcs of fnitel'iill treis wythyred by the collide 
 of the wynter beli , which was fo exlre.ime that many of theyr wagoners or caries (whom they caule ( lonecz) 
 were founde frofen to deallie in theyr lleades. There were fum th.it at the l.inie tyme leailyng and dryuyng 
 theyr cattayle fioin the nexte villagies to Mofcoiiia, dyed by the way with theyr bealles tlirough tli(e]extremytie 
 of the loiilile. Kurthermore. the fame ye.iie in my players that were a(cunnnu<l 10 wander aboute the contrey 
 with daunfyiig beares, were founde dead in the high w.iyes. Wy'de beares alio inforcid thereto by f.iiuyn, lefte 
 i'' wooddes ami ranne here and there into dyuers villagies and lioufes : At whofe conimyng while the men of 
 the countrey forlooke thevi hoiifes and Hedd into the fieldes, manye of them per)fnied throughe the vehemencie 
 of the co'ilde. Agiyne, it fumtymes fo chaiinteth that in fommer the heate is as extreiine : as in the yearc. 
 15:5. in the which alniurt all kynd-. of pulli- and gr.ixne were fcon lied and buriiie : and fiich a derth of corne 
 folowed that dronglit, lli.it th.ii which befi re w.is Itowglit for three dei'gas, was afteiwirile foiilde for. xx. 
 [twenty'] or, xxx. [thirty.] Furthemiore alfo, manye vilkigies, woinldes, and (lackcs of c(»n»c. were fetle on fyre 
 by lh[ejextreame heate: The finok. »htrof fo fylled ih< regyon. that the eyes of maii\ were lore hiirtc thcrby. 
 
Mofcoiiiii nini Cd/Z/nv. 
 
 321 
 
 tie h tlicyr 
 lie loppcs 
 .iml oilitT 
 
 tLlltCS fo 
 
 ])crlia])pcs 
 
 'I'lurc ariiff nifo as it were a darkc ant! lli)« ke iiiyd witliout fniokc wliicli li> niolcrtcd the cy[i.']s, tli.il in.my lolle 
 tli;.')r lit;lit tllcrl)y. 
 
 'Ilicy fowc anil naryl'dic the fcadcs of niclims wiili ^Toalo diliiji'nic in rcrtcync rayfiil lialilcs niyxto with 
 (loongc; whcrhy thuy fyndc a remedy both af>fynll extrcamc coidd and heat For if tl)e heatc exceade, they 
 in.'.ke certeyne rjl'los in the heddes as it wire lire.ithynn [iI.k es leall the feades fliulde l>e fiitToiate will) to mm lie 
 luate. And il' the roiilde liee extreme it is tempered with the heate of the miu ke or diinjje. 
 
 'I'heyr bealles are miirhe lelVe then owres: yet not all withowt homes as one hath written. I'or 1 h.tiie 
 there fene oxen, k)ne, noates, and ranimes all with homes. 
 
 Not farre from the eitie of Mofcha, arc rcrteyne inonafteries which a firre of, feeine lyke vnt" a ( itie. 
 They faye that in tliys citie is an im redilili; numher of hoiifes : And that the fyxte yeare lufore my conimNnue 
 thyther, the prince ( .uifed them to liee nmnhered, and fniinde them to liee more tlu-i one and fnrtye thmifande 
 and fyiie hiinditlh hoiifes. 'I'lie ciiie is very large and wyde : and alfo very llahliy and myrie. Ity reafun 
 wherof it hath many lirydges and eaiifeys. 
 
 'I'he ayre of the re^von is fo hollome, that lnyond the fpryn},'t's of Tanais, cfpetially towarde the north 
 and a great ji arte alio low.irde the Iville, the ]iellylem'e hath not liyne h.inle of fenee the memorye of mm. 
 Vet haiie they funuimes a diCe.ile in lluyr howells and heuldcs not nnich vnlyke the jielljlence. 'I'his tlileafe 
 they caiile a heate ; wherwiih fiu he as are taken, d}e within fewe dayes. 
 
 Sum wryte that lohn the duke of Mofeonia and foime of li.il'ilius, vmlcr the pretence of reli^^ion ficked 
 and fpoyled, the citie of Nouo^ardia : anil caried with hym frum thenfe to Mofiouia three hundreth lie. ides l.nlen 
 with uolde, fyluer, am! precious Hones ol the >;ooddes of the An heliylfhoppe, the niarch.iunies, tiiiliiis, and 
 (lraunj;iers. 
 
 Solowki is an llaiide fitnnte in the north fea. viii. leaipics from the continent Iietwene l>wina and the pro- 
 iiince of Corela. Howe farre it is dyllant from Mofcouia, <an not hee well knowne hy reafon of manye fennes, 
 maryfllies, wooddes, and defnl ate places lyiiifie in the way. .Mheit, fum fay th.it it is not three hundreth leaciues 
 from Mofi oui.i, and two lumdrelh frome lliiloiei'ero. In thys ll.inde is made create plenty of falle : and it 
 hath in it a muiiallerie into the which it is not l.iwfull for any wniu.in or virgyn to enter. There is alfo great 
 fyllliyng for hearyng. They f.iy that here the loonne at the lomnier l''.i|uii)uctiall, fliyncth < mitinually exceptc 
 two hoiircs. 
 
 I 'cmetriowe, iv. a 1 itie with a cafle!, dilLnile from Mufcouia xii. leaqiics dii lining from the wed fam- 
 wh.it toward the north. I'.y this runnelh the ryucr Lichroma th.it runneth in to the ryuer of .Sell. Sell alfo 
 receaueih the ryuer l>ulina which j vnladeth it felfe in N'olgx And by the (ommoditic of thus m.iiiy ryuers, 
 many riche marchaundies arc browght without gre.it laboiirc or dit!icultic from the cafpian fea by the ryuer 
 Volga to MofdUiia and dyuers other prouynces and cities abowte the fime. 
 
 Ilieloiefero, a citie with a lallell, is I'ltuat at a l.ike of the fame name. Tor llieloicfero in the Mofcoiiilcs 
 t'liMi;;, fignilielli ,1 white like. The citie flandeth not in the l.iki' as liim h.iiie fayd. Vet is it fo enuironed with 
 m.iryllhes that it may feeme to bee ine\|>iign.ilile ; In (onlideralion wherof, the jirinces of Mofiouia are accuf- 
 tonied to kcope theyr treafure there, llitl uefero is from Mofcouia, .1 hundreth leaipies, and as miiche from 
 Ni)Uii:;.\rilia the great. The Kike it felfe, is. xii. le.ii|Ues in lenglh and as much in breadth : and hath (as they 
 fay) three huinlietli ryiiers f.iulyng;- into it. Th[e|ii)h.ibit.iuiiles of this pl.ice, haue a pcciilyar l.ingiiage, 
 although nowe in inaner all fpe;ike the .Mof< unites toiinge. The longed day here in the foomnuT I'.ijuinocti.il, 
 is fiyde to confyde of xix. [nmeteenl houres. A man of greate name and < redite toiilde me, that at the begyii 
 nyng of the fpryiige when the trees began nowe to bee greene, he went in pode from Mofcouia to liiiloielero: 
 And paff\ni;e ouct the rviicr N'olj^.i, foimde the region 'here fo cimered with Ife and fnow, that lie w.is fiyne to 
 difp.ilih the relidiie of his iorney on lle.ides. .\nil although the wMiter bee Imiger there, yet duo the frutes 
 waxe rype and are gathered enen at the fime tyme that they are in Mofcouia. Within an .irrowe llmtle ol the 
 lake, tliere is another l.ike tli.it bryngeth fiirtli bruiidone: which a certen ryuer rimnyng owt of the f.unc, 
 caryeth with it in great iiuaniitie llotyng aboiie the w.itcr lykc a fco<mime. Vet through the ignorance of the 
 peoiile, thev h.iue no coiiimndiiic therby. 
 
 The i>eople that iiihabite the regions lyinge f.irre northe and cad from Mofrnuii, exchaiinj;e theyr furres 
 for apparel, knyues, needles, fpooncs, hatchets, and fuchc other necellarye wares. I'ur they h.iuc not the vie of 
 polde and fyluei. 
 
 I.yllle Wailra. 
 
 'fhr rilie of 
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 I1nt\i>mr .»yrr. 
 
 A r>che tp>>yl«. 
 
 Tlir llindot 
 
 Suluarki. 
 
 293 
 
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 Hir It^ngtltr iif 
 lite day. 
 
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 l'u>liuii M;a. 
 
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 Mofconiij niui Calliay. 
 
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 Sue liana. 
 
 l'i4m<»g<»r. 
 Dwiiu. 
 
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 lUt Ndiih K.I. 
 
 pi CM. 
 
 I'iCKuia. 
 
 RulilchA 
 CiinliA 
 
 Cr 1 1 til A. 
 rcii.»ra. 
 
 
 C 'lite (f('f(ri/)f{oii of the )ri:;ioiis, pcofylc, ninf ryiirrs, /y///i^r Nortli ninf Tui/lc 
 
 from Mofoiiid : As the ii.Hiy from Mofoiiin to the ryitcr Pctzova, 
 
 nitd the proniiKc of Iiii:^(iyia, or Iiihra : ^lint fromc thciifc 
 
 to the ryiicr C^bi. Lyhdeyfo the difription of 
 
 other eoii/itreys ami rei^ioiis, ciien viito 
 
 'J'h\_e]em/>ire of the greatc 
 
 Chum of Cut hay. 
 
 ilHi* <Ioniinioi) of ilie I'rinrc ol' Mofcouii rcnclictli f.irri- towarili- tin.' ImIIc and north vnfo the 
 )ila< es whi< h we wyll nowc ilcl( ryl(c. As tim<:crnynni' wl)i< he ihyiijje, I tranll.iti'tl a IxiDkc 
 that WIS |)ri iViilccI viilo iiic in the MolVouilcs tKini^c, and haiic licarc niadi' a lirvilo rc- 
 liiMrlall 111' the faiui'. I wyll r)rll tlicrlurc dcli rilic the ioiney lioni Moli oui.i lo I'et/ora, and 
 r>> tu In^aria and ( >lii. 
 
 I'rotn Mi)f<i)uia to the cilie of ViKilochda, are n\inil>erid f)fiie Werfles, one Wirft con- 
 teynyn;^e ahunlle the f|ia< e ot an Italyan niyle, I'loni VuoIik hda to Vlliiin lowarde the right 
 liandi (kit iii>lini;e with the < ourle ot the rymr ol Viiolui hd.i and Sik h ma with whom it ioynetli, are « i)iini|ited 
 fyue hiindrilh Uerlles : where within two WerlUs of the tovvne caiiled Slril/e an<l hard liy the eitie ot \lliii({ 
 Siichnna iuvneth. Iii^ which runneth fruni tlie foullt ; from whofe mouth vnto the fprynjjes of the fume, are 
 numbered I'yiie humlretlie Wei lies. 
 
 /••lie lliil «vli(Ti~ lirrc Ik fi>rf the nul'iiir mnnlKTClli Iiiit fyflif wi rdi-i fmrn M •fiDiiin lo Viinliicli'l.i, il f< nulli lli.il llie place i« 
 cnrmjiiiil liy iIh' rniilrr- iiiyll.ikyii^e mie w.ndi' fur aw u\\kx, a> <,)iiini|ii.ij;itila, wlmli is fyflir, fur l^liilii^i iil.i, wlii.I.e is fyue 
 liumlrt'lli, I'ut tile liill.iii'C i'< iim leffc fruiii M(ifi(mia l» VuuIovIkI.i, llieli ib fiuiii ViMJoclnIa to Vlliii^, uliii.li is lyiic hilinliiili 
 tteiltcs. 
 
 Ihil Siiiluiw and liii; after they ioync to(,'yilur, lofe theyr fyrft names and make Imthc one ryiier named 
 l^wina, Iiy the whi< he the |iaflaj;e to the citie of C'ohnoj;or ronteyiieih fyue hiindretli W'erlles ; from wheiife in 
 tlie fpaie of fyvc diycs ioriiey, llisina eiitenlh into the north (l<iaii at. vi. inoiithes, And llie j^realelle parte of 
 this iorney eunfytU'lh liy tiaiii^ation. ]-'ur tiy landi', from \'iiolo) hda viilo Cohiio^'or, [lallmg oiu r the ryiier 
 Viiajja, are a thoidande Werltes. Not farre Irom t'ohnoj,'or, the rpier I'leneLja riinnynue frome the l-'.alle on the 
 ryjjht hande (or the fjiari' of fiiien hundrelh W'erlles faiileth into liwina. I'roni I)«ina liy the ryiur rieiie^;a liy 
 the f|ia<e of two hundrelh W'erlles, they looine to a place rauled Nieolai: from wlienfe within halfe a werll, 
 thy I pes haue jiallage into the r\iier Kulilio, whu h hath his original from a lake of the lame 11 me lowarde the 
 north, troni vsholc Ijirin^es is. viii. ilayes vyaj^e t<i the mouth ol tile lame where it enieiilli into the t )i ean. 
 
 Kiylyn^e iiy the < oaftes of the ry^jht h.mde the fea, they ]i:dTe liy the re^;ions of Staniiwift he, (^ahmr/f( ho, 
 and .\piiu. And fiylynge ahowt the proinontorie or i.ipe of L'horogoiki Nof/, StanuwiU he, Cameni kh, and 
 'I'oIiIk kh, tliey rome at the lenj.!lh into the ryiier Me/en, and fronie theiife in tlic fjiai e of fyxe dayes to .1 
 vyll.ijie of the fame n.iine, ll.indynn in the moiilh of the ryiier I'ie.M : h) the wliiili agtine afieiiduin towanle 
 the hlie hande ainl fooiiimer l-..ill, they (onie to tiu- ryiier riel<o).i. Irom wlienfe i'aylMij;e for the Ipace of 
 fyue Werllcs, they rooninie into two lakes in the w hie he are feeiie two wayes : wherof one on the r)glit fyde, 
 j;oeth to the ryuer Ruliii ho, liy the whiche tiiey p.ilTe to the ryuer (..Vinlio. Other by an other and Ihorter 
 w.iy, hrynne ilu)r fliy|i|ies frome the lake directly into C/inho; From wlunfe, except t!iey lie liMidend liy 
 tempill, lluv r ooii'imi- 111 the fp.ti e of three weekcs to the ryiiir and moiilh of C/ilma, llmvyn^e into the (;reat 
 ryuer I'et/.ora, which in lli.it place is two W'crlUs in lireadllie. Sa)lyii^; from henfe, they coomine in the Ipace 
 of fy.xc dayes to the towne and raftell of I'lirtoofcro, iieare vnio the which, IVtzora entercth into the north 
 Ocean at fyve mouther,. 'I'he inh.iliitauntes of this pl.n e, are iikd of fimple wylte. They receaiied the fa)lh 
 of C'hrylle, and were liaptifed in the yeare M. 1). x\iii. 
 
 I'rotn ill'- mouth of C/ilm.i vnto the moiiilu' of the r)uer VlTa, noin^;i' liy I'et/ora, is one monelhes vyaj^e. 
 Vlfa h.ith Ills Ipryn^es in llie inoimtayne I'oya.s SeMinoi, lieiiij; on the Irlie li.iiide towanle the foominer I'liill, 
 and fpriiiKeth owtc of a create Hone of the fame mounlayne, lanled tJanieii llolf<h<ii. I'roni the fprynges rif 
 VlT.i to the iiKiiillies of the finie, are niiinliered more then a thoufande W'erlles I'lirthermore I'et/ora runneth 
 from this foutli wyiiicr iiarte. from wlienfe afcendviige ftoni the mouthes of \'l'la vnto the iiioiitlies of the ryuer 
 
1^ 
 
 Mofconia ami Catlmy 
 
 323 
 
 Stziichogora, is llir-c wcokcs vyagc. Thi-y thiit ilcfrrilicd this vya>{r, fiyilo that tlicy rtdid l)ii«. nc the 
 nio'itlKs of iliu ryiiLTs of Si/in Im^ora and I'ot/fi licricina : ami Kfic tluyr \\li.\ylis tlicrc wliiilic lliry liiott^ht 
 with Uu'ym I'rum Kullia. Ik'yoiulu the ryiicrs nl I'ct/ora and .St/u<:lioj;or,i towardc the nioiintaync CanitnipDias 
 and the fi-a witli the Ilandes there almwtc and tlic calU-ll of ruftoofcro, aru ilyiuTS and inniinaTahli: nation!* 
 whii hi.' liy one comnupii n.inic aro <aiilcd Sanionod (that is) fiu h as latc ihcin fchios. They hauc ^ivat iniTcafc 
 of foil lis, liyrdi's, and dyiiirs kyndts of |)lmIIcs; as S.diK's, Martiruis, IU'Irts, Otters, lli-rnii'hncs, .Si|iivrrls : 
 and ill the (Jecan tin- IkmIIu (aiilcil Mors : AHo N'cfs, whyte luaris, wimilis, Iciros, l'.i|iiiw(>dii,ini, ^rcat «h.iUs, 
 ami a (yllhc eaiiled Scinli, with dyiiiTS otlur. 'I'iic people of thefc nations, tome net to Mofeouix For liiey 
 are wyldc, and llyc the company and fo( ietic of other men. 
 
 Troin the nioiiihes of St/iu hoj;ora fa\l)ri^e vp the ryuir vnto I'oialVa, Artawifi lie, ("anieni, and Poiafla the 
 greater, is tlirix" weelics vyaf^e. I'urtherniore tiio afi iMidynge to the nuninte ( 'amen, is three d.iyes iorney : 
 from the whii he, defc endyiin, tliey < oiiie to the ryuer Artawili ha, and from ihenfe to the ryiier Silmt, liom 
 whiiife they pall'e to tile Lalleil of Lepin, and from I.epin to the ryuer Solf.i. Tiie people that iniialiite the 
 re^;ion liy this ryuer, arc caiiled Vuonoliei. Leauynge Solla on the ryuht hande, they come to the create ryiier 
 Oliy, that fprynj^elh owt of the lake Kilailko, the whiiln-wilh all the halle they < onlde make, they < oiilde 
 Aarfely parte oinr in one day, the ryuer liein>;e of fin h luiaillh lliat it rea< helh fourefcore W'erlles. 'I'he people 
 alfo th.it dwell aliowt this ryuer, are eatiled Viiogolii i aiicl \'^rii/.fehi. From the callell of Oliea afiendynne hy 
 the ryuer of Ohy, \nto the ryuer Irlifihe into ihewhuh Solla entereth, is three nioonelhes iorney. In theic 
 places are two c.illels named leroni and 'I'umen, kepte liy certeyne lordes c.iuleil Kneli Iiihorlki, heilige tribu- 
 taries to the ^;reate duke of Mofcoui.i as they lay. Here .iredyuers kyiides of lu.ilUs and liirres. 
 
 Frome the mouth of llu; ryuer IrtiUhe lo ihe Cillell of (irullin.i, is two monetlns iorney : from wi.eiile to 
 the lake Kil.ii liy the ryuer ( )liy (whi( lie I fayde to h.iiie his fpryn^es in this l.ike) is more then three inoiiethes 
 iorney. I'roni this lake come many lilacke men, lackyiige th[e|ufe of common fpech. 'I'hey hryuj^e with them 
 dyuers wares, and efpecially pe.irles and prei ions llones, wlii( he they fell to the people c.iuleil (iiul\inl/.i and 
 Serpoiio\M/i. riiefe h.iue theyr name of the cillell Seipoiiov.', fitu.ile in the mountavnesof I.ucomory.i lieyonde 
 the ryuer (Ihi. They lay th.i! lo the men of i,ui:omorya, < liaiinceth a m.irmjlous tliynj;e ami iiu redilile. For 
 they alhrnie, that they dye yearely at tlie. x.xvii. [twenty feiieiith] daye of Nouemlier, lieinj;e the feart of f.iynt 
 (leorije amonne the Mofcoiiytes : and that at the nexte lprynj;e aliowte the. xxiiii. [twenty fourth j ilaye of .\pr) II, 
 theye reiiyue a^eyiie as doo frog^jes. 
 
 With lliele alio, the pinple of tirulliiit/i and Serponowt/.i, exercife a nevve and llr.iui ne kynde of Ir.ide. 
 For when the accullomeil tyme of llieyr dyiii^^e, or rather of fle.ipyiine, aproi lietli, they leaiie iheyr wares 111 
 certeyne places appoynted, which the (irulliiil/.i ami .Serponowt/i c;irye away leauyngc other wares of e(|U.ill 
 valewe in theyr places : whi( he if the deade men at the tyme of theyr reuyuvnl>,'|e perceaue to bee of viiequ.ill 
 pryce, they reipiyre theyr owne aj;eyiie ; by real'ou wlierof mm he llryle and finhtuii,' is beiwem diem. 
 
 From the ryuer ol ( )bi defi ending tow.ird the left h.ilid, ire the people ( .luled C.ilimi, »hii h tame thelher 
 from (Jbiowa and I'ogofa. lieiieth Obi, al.owie .\urea .Anus (tli.it is the ^o'den owlde «y.'e) are the lyiiers 
 Soffa, Heres, Viia, and M.inadim, .il which fpryn^e owl of the luontaync (.'amen, Uolfi hega, I'otalT.i, and the 
 rockes ioyiiyni,'e to the fame. All the ii.iiions that inhabite from iliefe ryuers to .\urea Anus, .ire fubiecte to 
 the prym e of Mole oui.i. 
 
 Aurea .\nus c.iiiled in the Nbili ouiles toonge Sl.ita li.iba, is an Idole at the mocllus of Obi in the prouiiic e 
 of Obdora, llandynge on the lurlhell b.mke lowarde tin; fe.i. .\longe by t'le baiikes of Obi and the ryuers 
 ncare there about, are here and there many callells anil fortrelTes, all the lordes whero. are fubii'iie to the 
 l)rin<:e of .Mofcoui.i, as they l.iy. 'I'liey fiy alio, or radier f.ible, that the Idole i auK'd .\iirea .\nus, is ,111 Im.ine 
 lyke vnto an owlde wyfe li.iuMii; a < hylil in her l.ippe : .iudlli.it there is iiowe feeiie .111 oilier iiil.inte wli'di 
 they fay to bee her neiiie ; .Mfo that there are certeyne inllrumentes that m.ike a lonlinu.iU foiinde lyke the 
 noyft of irumpetles. The whicli if it fo bee, 1 thyiike it to bee by realon of the wynde blowyii^e continti.dly 
 inio the holowe places of iliofe inllrimieiiles. 
 
 Till' ryuer Collin, f.iuleih owt of the iiiounl lynes into Lucomori.i. In the nioutli of ihys, is a raflell. 
 Whyllur fioiii the rpr)ii^;es of the great ryuer Collin, is two moor.'.tlies vyaj;e. Furthermore from ihe fprynnes 
 of th; lame ryuer, the ryuer (Jaflima hath hys original: which runnyiige ihrowgh I.iu oniori i, fauleth into the 
 great ryuer Taihnin, beyomie the which (as is f.iyde) dwell men ol prodigious fliape, of whom fimi are oner 
 growne willi lieare lyke wylde bealles : other haue heailes lyke dogges, and other theyr faces in theyr brelle.s 
 wilhowt neckes, and with longe liamles alfo and withowte feete. 'l"here is lykcwyfe in the ryuer T.u hnin, a 
 certeyne iVIihe with hc.ulde, eys, iiofe, inouthe, h.imles, fiete, and other members vlterly of iium.ine lha[ie, ami 
 yet withcMvt ny voyce, and |ile.ilaiue to bee eaten as are other f) lilies. 
 
 All '-.at ' haue hetherto rehe.irfed, I haue iranllaied out of ihe fayde iorney whiciie was delyuenil me in 
 the Mofc' uitci lounye. In the which [.erliappes fiim lliyiiyes inaye feeme fabulous and m iiianer incredible, as 
 
 Stfiiehiii[i>ni. 
 r<l/M hcriciin. 
 C.unSfU|MJLi». 
 
 S.»rni»fcil. 
 Iku-.!!:*. 
 
 Wylil iKdlilc 
 
 C.iiiirtt. 
 Arl.iutM'ha. 
 
 Sll.lll. 
 
 I .t>|>in. 
 
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 V.,..tf..l,ci 
 
 295 
 
 trli«< ll«. 
 It^ruit 
 '1 uniciii. 
 
 Kii.ii. 
 
 III.,, kr mm 
 
 Wtlh.'Wl ^|'t■ t< ll^. 
 
 Scrjn"ni'*c. 
 
 I.ui >>iii<>ri.t. 
 
 .Ml II ill. II vP.in ly 
 llyc aihl icuyiit;. 
 
 A ^Ir-iiliiKc Irido 
 i-f uiaiLli.iuli<liv'«. 
 
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 (iivtiii. 
 
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 Mojcoiiit! aiui Catluiy. 
 
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 Kn4*rnnl.iiiJ. 
 
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 |>r>>uin( < lif U<'/.iii. 
 
 liuimyi 
 
 Pnitca 
 
 ^^.|.h. 
 I -ilthi. 
 
 297 
 
 Tmiis tlilli'lrlll 
 
 of the rlnomnio men and the rlc.itle UMiynyn^c, the Aurra Anns alfo, ami the monftrniis (hapes of men, wiili the 
 lyfllie (iC hiiMian lorinc : wIrtoI' .illhowgh I haiie nia'le ilvlvui'nt iniitiilu inn, yet coiilil 1 knowe nothynHe <ir- 
 ti'vne of any that had rcctie thi' lame wiili ihiyr eys, iieinrthiliire tn j;yiie furtlicr ottal'mn to other to 
 fearehe tlie Iniih of thel'e ihynnes, 1 haiie thownht good !■) make mention hereof, 
 
 NolVin the MofcouileH lounge fignifielh a n(jfc : uiul ihirforc they ranlc all capes or poynles of landc thai 
 rciW'he into ;lie fe.i, l)y the fame name. 
 
 'I he muinita\neM alioiit the ryiar of IVl/ora, are caiiled Semnoi I'oyas, or Cingulus muntli : (that is) the 
 Hjrdle of tlie worlile, or of the \c.irlh. 
 
 Kithay, is a lake of wlioim- tlie j;reate Chan of (! AT II A Y whuin the Mofeouians caulc C/ar Kjthaiiki, 
 hath hys name. l'"or Chan in the 'I'.irt.irs lan(;naKe I'l^nifieth a kyng. 
 
 'The plans of I.iu oiiiors.i lure vnto the lea, are lalii.ige, full of wooddes, and inhaMteil withowt any houfes. 
 .Xiid albeit that the aiitoiir of lliys ioriii), f.iyd th.it m.iii\ n.itioiis of I.uiomorv.i are liiliiei te to the prynie of 
 Molioiiia, yet for.ifinui h as ihr kyii>;dome of Tuiiun is iie.ire tlurimto, whole priiK e is a Tartar .iiid n.uiied in 
 theyr toimy Tiimenlki C/.ir (th.it is) a kynge in Tiimen, and h.ilh ol late doone great dum.ige to the pryncc ui 
 Mofeoiiia, it is molle l)ke that thefe nations Ihiilde rather liee fiihieete vnto hyin, 
 
 Neare vnto the ryiier I'etzor.i, (wluinf iiuiilioii is ni.ide in thys iornty) is the ritic and raflell of I'.ipin or 
 Papinowgiiroil, wholi- iiihaliytaiiiitis ,ire n. lined I'.ipini, and h.iiie a priii.ile l.inniiage dilferynn Irom the Mofi o 
 nites. lleyond thys ryiier, are exnMdynge hygh inoiiiit.iynes, riMeli)ng eiien Mito tlie li.iiikes : whole riiigies or 
 toppes liy re.ifoi) of (ontiniiail wyndes, are in nianer vtterly liarr.i)ne without graff or frutes. And .liihoiigh in 
 dyiiers jdaees they haiie dyiiers names, yet are they eoinmonly cauled C'ingulus Mundi, that is the gerdle of 
 the worlde, olher^vyfe rallied C.itiiia Mundi, (liial is), the ( h.iyne of the worlde. In thefe nioiinl;iynes doo 
 ierl.ileoiis liieide, wherof I h.uu' Ipuken liefore. There grow .ilfo * 'ed.ir trees, amoiige ll\e which ,ire loiiiide 
 the liell and Maikeil k>nde of f.ililes. And only thefe moimt.iyius are leene in .dl the domynyons of the 
 prjnee of MolVoui.i, whi<h perh.ippes are the f.ime that the owlde writers eaule Khipheos or lly|)erlioreos, fo 
 named of the dreeke worde //'/(■'•, (tli.it is) vnder ; and lUoc.is (that is) the north, I'or hy re.iO.n they arc 
 eomred with ennliiiiiall fiiow ,ind frolle, they <:in not witliowt great dilVn ultie liei' trail. lyled : .on! re.u ho fo 
 f.irre into the norlli, tli.it diey make the \nknoxvne l.iiid of I'.iigroiiil.ind. The duke of .Molt oui.i ILifiliiis the 
 foonni.- of lohn, fent (jp a tyme two of hys eapitaynes named Simeon I'lieodorowiiv Kiirhiki, .ind kius I'eter 
 Vft hatoi, to fi-.in h the pl.iees heyonde thefe nioiintaynes and to fulnlewe the nations theraliowte. Kiirhiki w.is 
 yet alyiie at my lieing in Molioiiia : and deei.ired vnto me th.it he fpent. xvii. [feiienteenj d.iys in .ifetndjiig 
 the mniiiit.i\n. and yit i ouidi' not rooiiu- to the toppe therof, wliii h in lluyr lounge is < .iiilid Sinip (ih.it is) a 
 |)yller. Thys mouiil.iMie is eMendid into tin.- ( Irean vnlo the moiiilus of the rjilers of |)wiii.iand I'et/or.i. 
 Hut nowe haiiyng fpoken thus iniuhc of the faydo iorney, I wyll retiirne to the domynyons of .Mofi mii.i, with 
 other regyons l\inge e.ilUv.irde and foiithe froiiie the fame tow.irde the myghlye I'anpyre of C.V'l' II .\ V. Hut 
 1 wyll fyrll f|>eake fumwh.it hrrfely of the prouyiue of Ke/an ,ind the f.imoiis ryiier of T.in.iis. 
 
 'I he proiiynie of Uiv.iii lilii.ite liiUveiie ihc rycrs of Oir.i .iiid T.in.iis, li.ilh a eilie bii\ldeil of wnodd not 
 farre from the haiike oft iri a. TiuTe was in it a eillell named l.iroll.iw, wherof there now icina)iulh nothynge 
 but tokens of ihe owld mine. Not f.irre from that citie, the ryuer Ocea makelh an llande named Struh : which 
 was fumiMii .1 great diikedoiiie, whole prime w.is fnliied to nonf other. Thys prouince of Re/an is more friit- 
 full then .my cither of the prouyni es of Molmuia; In lo iiiiu he that in lh\s(.is llie> f.iye) eiiery grayne of 
 wliiMli- hryngilhe liiilhe two and lumtynus more e.ires : whole ll. '.Ikes or llr.iwes g- e fo ihyi ke 'h.it horfes 
 can le.irlely go throwgh them, or (pLiyles llye owt of lliem. Tlu-ie is gre.ite pier- . lionnye, fyllhes, foules, 
 hyrdes, and wylile bcalles. The frutes alfu do farre e.xteade the frutes of .Mo' ,.i . . 'Ihe peojile arc bouhl 
 and w.irlyk men. 
 
 II Of the /(iiiioiis yyiicy of Taiuiis. 
 
 \omo Mofioui.i vnlo the (.ilUll of I.irollaw, and lieyonde for the fpa.e of almoflc. xxiiii. 
 |twinty four] le.ii|iies, runiulh the ryuer of T.in.iis, at a pl.u e < .liled Uoiko, where the n>ar- 
 ( h.iunies that ir.ide to Alopii, Capha, and Conllantynople, fraight theyr tlu|)pes ; and thys 
 lor the nxille parte in antmnne heyngc a rayney tyme of the ye.ire. T'or 'i'an.iis here at 
 otiiir tymes of the yeare doth not fo alioiinde with water as to lie.ire lliypjies of any liurden. 
 I hys l.imous ryuer of 'T.in.iis, djiiydeth I'.urope from .Afi.i : and h.ith hys orygyn.il or 
 fpringes ainioll. viii. le.ii|iies from the <itie of Tiili.i toward the (oiitli ini iMiyng lumwli.it 
 tow.ifde the I .ille : and not owl of the Riphe.m mount. lynes as loiiie li.iiie wryiien : liut owte of .i great l.ik',- 
 
Mofconiti and Cathay. 
 
 325 
 
 mill thi! 
 • nr- 
 ithcr to 
 
 -. that 
 
 s) the 
 
 )iii.iin<i, 
 
 lioiifcs. 
 ■\ lUC of 
 lined in 
 r)ncc of 
 
 named Iwanowofcro (that \<) the lake of luhn : la-in^; in Icn^'th nntl lircadth al)Owt. 1500. WcrtUs in a wood 
 whii lio fnin caule ( )k<>iiil/kilii'H. ant! oiIrt nai'u- it l('|ii|>han(iwhi'H And owt of lliis laki-. f|ir)n^;i' ihc tw.x) urcatf 
 ryiiLTs ol' S( hat and l.iiiais. S« hat lowardi- the WclU- roc i-aiiyniic into it the ryiur nl' \|i|i.i, niiuu'tli into the 
 ryuiT iif ( )( I a lictwenc the Well and thr noiih. IMit Tanais at the fyrlle ninnrih dine ily l-.ail : and t (intiniuih 
 his ((iiirCc liiUMTic th( kynjidiiiniN of Calan ami Allrii han within fy\e <ir fciiin lea<niis dI \'iil^a ; And rimm; 
 thenCe lii'iidynge tnwardc the (iiiilh, inakilli tile leiiius or inary lilies of Meotis. I'liitiierinore, nexte \nto Ins 
 fjiryn^es, is tlie citie of I'ulla ' and v|i|i<iii the l)anke of the ryiier ainiolle three leai|iies al)ouc tlie nimithes of 
 llu' fame, is theriiie of Aiopli, »hi( li was fyrlle (■.iiiled Tanas. I'oiire dayes ioriiey alioiie tliis, is a towne 
 rallied .\( lias, liliiale liarde liy llii' fame ryiier : uhii he the Moli oiiites < aiile I ion. 1 1 .111 noi fiilfu iiiitly |ir.\yle 
 
 this ryiuT for the e\i cadyn^'e almiidaiinee of ); I 1) lilies, and f liniu lie of the re^;ions on liolhe l\des the 
 
 bankes, with iilcniie of holloonie lierlies ami fweete routes, lielyde dyiiers and many Iriitefiill trees j;rottyiij;e in 
 fuchc coonily order as tlunigh they h.id l>yn fet of |nir|iofe in (,'ardent or arehardes. 'I'herc is alio in inaner 
 cilery where fii< he plentie of wylde lie.illes, that they ni.iy e.ifely lie ll.iine with arrowts : In fo iniuh lli.il fin he 
 (US Iraiiayle by thole regions, lli.il ll.ind in nenle of none other thyn^je to mayntayne theyr lyl'e Iml only 
 fyre .ind fille. In thcle |i.iries, is no oblerii.ition of inyles, but of d.nis loriuvs. lint as l.irre ,is I eonlde con- 
 ieetiire, from the foiint.i) lies or fiiryiu"-;, of 'ran.iis vnto the moiithes of the lame iorney in;;e by l.tnde, are .ilmoll 
 foiirefcore leaijiies. And faylyn^^ from I)om'o (from whenfc I (iiyde that 'I'an.iis w.is fyrlle n.miKable) in 
 frarfely. xx. | twenty] dayes \yaj;e, they come fo the citie of .\fo|ih ttibiit.irie to the 'I'lirkes : uliiih is (as they 
 fay) fyiie daM'N iorney frome the llriinht of 'laiirii .1, otherwjfe 1 .uiled I'reiop. In this < itie is a famous in.irt 
 towne vnto the which refoit ni.iiiy m.in h.itintes of djiiers n.itions, .iiul from dyiuTM p.irtes of the worlde. Kor, 
 that all nations iii.iy the j;l.idlyer liaue retoiirfe thyther, free lybertie of byin^ and fellyn);e is ^r.iimted vnto all : 
 and that withowt the litic euery man may freely vfc his ownc and actnllomed in.mer of lyuynye withowt 
 |iiinyri1ii'ment. 
 
 ( »l ihe .ilt.ires of p'eat .Mcv.inder and luliiis f 'cf.ir whiche many wrytcrs make mention of in this pl.K e, or 
 of thcyr mines, I collide haiie no certeyne kiiowlcane of lh|elinli.iliitaiintes or any other th.il h.id olleniymes 
 trauaylid thefc pl.K cs. I'lirihermore the foiildyers whii he the jirince of .Mofcouia m.iynteyneth there ye.irely 
 to oi)|irclfi' lli|e|i'.uiirl'ions of the 'I'artJirs, beinjje of me deinaimded hereof, anfwered that they neiier fawe or 
 h.irile of .my Inch thyi)i;e. Neiicrlhelelfe, they fayde lli.it .ibo«t the inoiithes of T.in.iis the lelle, foiire dayes 
 iorney from .Moph nere vnto a pl.ice c.iuled .Sc werlki, by the holy mount.iyius, they f.nve c erteyiie ini.ij^e> o» 
 Hone and marble. T.inais the lelfe, hath his fpryn^es in the diikedoine of Scwerlki : whereof it is caiileil 
 lionet/ .'•I werlki : and fnilelh into 'I'.in.iis three d.iyes iorney aboiie .\fopli. Hut fuclie as iorney fnmi .\l<pf- 
 (oiiia to .\foph by l.imle, they, jiallMine oiur Tan.iis abowt the owlde anil ruinate towne of Doimo, doo fiim- 
 wli.it tiiriie Iroiii the luiuli to the l-.ilb': In the wliiili jiKn e, if a ry(;lit line bee dr.meii iroiu the mouthes of 
 'I'aiiaib tu the Ipriiij^es of llic lame, Molt uuiu llulbc luuiid to bee iu Al'u and nut in Kurupe. 
 
 ^r More i/inr fly from Mofcouia to CatJtay. 
 
 lie great and l.irre prouince of IVrmia, is dyllante from Mofcoiii.i two liiimlreth and fvfiic or 
 (as fiim fay) three hiindreth leaipies directly betwene the Kafl and North ; And h.ith a citie 
 of the lame name by the r)iier N'ifchora whii h runneth, x. ieaipies benelh K.iin.im. The 
 iorney by l.nide laii 1', .irfely bee tr.iii.iyled llijllur but in wynler by rcafon of many ryiiers, 
 in.irylilus, and linnes. Hut in fommer, this iorney is difpati hed with more f.icililie in boates 
 or fmaiile Ihippes by \'iiolo( lid.i, N'lliug, and the i\iier Vit/eihda which runneth into Dwina. 
 xii. leaipies from Vlliiig. Hut they th.it go from I'erinia to Viliiig. niiille fayle vp the rytier 
 N'ilchora agcinll the ( oiiilV of the llre.ime ; and palling oiicr certeyne ryii is. fiiintyines alio coiuieyiiige theyr 
 boates into other rMiers by l.iinle, they (ome at the length to \ iliiig three liundreth le.ii|iies dill iiit iVoine the 
 title of I'l'rini.i. There is finaiile vie of breade in this prouince. I'or theyr ycarely '.ribiite, they pay to the 
 prynce fiirres and horfes. They haue a |)riii,ite language, and letters of theyr owne, whit he one .Steuen a 
 byfihop (who conlirmeil them yet waueryng in the fayth) ilyil inmnte. For before beinge yet inlantes in the 
 fayth of ( lirylle, the) llewe .ind lleyde .in oilier byflliop iliat w.is appoyntecl tt) inllrm te them. This Steuen 
 afterwarde when Deinetrius the Ibnne of lolin reigned, was taken for a l.iynte anionge the Kuthens. Of tliefe 
 jieople there yet remayne many Iilolatoiirs here and there in the woods, whom the moonkes ami heremites that 
 go thyther, doo not ceafe to t iinueit from theyr vayiie errour. In the wynter they iorney in .\rt.i( h as they tloo 
 in many pkii es of Kulli.i. Artaih, are certeyne Kmge patentes of woutUle of alnioil lyxe hamlfuls in length, 
 
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326 
 
 Mofcouia and Cathay. 
 
 1' I 
 
 
 Marcus PaiOiis 
 wrytt'Ih thai these 
 ddjjKcs arc a'ltnist 
 as hyg as As-cs: 
 and that thc> vse 
 syxc t(i one si ladc. 
 liit;aria. 
 IIiin};.iria. 
 PaiHiiiiiix 
 Attila. 
 
 The hychcr or 
 siipcrycir 
 Mliri^arye, is 
 cauled Austria, 
 l>..l..nic. 
 liuda. 
 
 Furrcs. 
 Pearlcs and 
 precious stones. 
 
 [ whiche they make fade to thcyr fiete with latchcttes, and thcrwith performe theyr iorneys with great celerltie. 
 They vfc for this puri)ofe greate dogges in the (leade of other bealles, with the which they cary thcyr farthels 
 OT fleades, as other doo with hartes in other places, as we wyll further declare hereafter. They fay that that 
 prouince toward the Eafl confineth with the prouince cauled Tunien, perteynynge to the Tartars. 
 
 The fituation of the prouince of lugariu, is apparente by that which we haue fayde before. The Mofco- 
 viites caule it Iiihra with an afpiration ; and caule the peo])le luhrici. This is that lugaria from whcnfe the 
 Hungarians came in tynie pade, poffeffed Pannonia, and vnder the conduct of Attila, fubilued many prouinces 
 of Europe : wherin the Mofcouites doo greatly glory, that a nation fubiecte to them, inuaded and waded a 
 great parte of F.urope. Georgius Paruus a greeke borne, and a man of reputation with the rrince of Mofcouia, 
 wyllynge to afcriiie to the ryght of his prince the great dukedome of Lithuania, and the kyngedome of Polonie 
 with certeyne other dominions, toulde me that the luharici or luhgary, beinge fubiectes to the great duke of 
 Mofcouia, came furth of theyr owne countrey, and fyrde inhabited the regions abowt the fennes of Meotis, and 
 then Pannonie which was afterwarile cauled Hungarie, by the ryuer of Danubius : Alfo that in fine they pof- 
 feffed the region of Morauia fo named of the ryuer: ai. 1 'ykcwyfe Pollonie, fo cauled of Polle, which fignificth 
 a playne. Furthermore that liuda was fo cauled after the name of the brother of Attila. 'i'hey fay alfo that 
 the luhgari vfe the fame tounge that doo the Hungarians. The which whether it be trew or not, I do not 
 knowe. For althowgh I haue made diligent inquifition to knowe the truth hereof, yet coukle I fynde no man 
 of that region with whom my feruaunt beinge expert in the Hungarian tounge a'j'ght fpeake. They alfo pay 
 furres for theyr tributes to the prince of Mofcouia. And albeit that pearles and precious dones are brought 
 frome thenfe to Mofcouia, yet are they not gathered in theyr Ocean, but in other places : efpecially about the 
 coad of the Ocean nere vnto the mouthes of Dwina. 
 
 The prouince of Sibier, confineth with Pcrmia and Vuiathka : The whiche, whether it haue any cadels or 
 cities, I doo not yet certeynly knowe. In this the ryuer laick hathe his originall, and fauloth into the Cafpian 
 fea. They faye that this region is dcferte bycaufe it lyeth fo neare the Tartars : Or tiiat yf it bee in any parte 
 inhabited, the fame to be poffeffed of the Tartar Schichmamai. Th[e]inhabitantes haue a peculiar language : 
 and haue theyr chiefe gaynes by the furres of marterns, which in fayrenes and greatnes, excell all the furres of 
 that kynde that are founde in any other prouinces. Yet coulde I haue no great plentie of them in Mofcouia 
 at my beinge tiiere. 
 
 Note th.at longe after the writynp; of this hyftorie, at Rycharde Chaunceler his fyrfl beinr; in Mofcouia, Duke lohn Vafilivich 
 that nowe raygnelh, fuliductl all the Tartai^; with tlicyr rej^ioiis and prouinces euen vnto the ^reat citic anil mart towne of Aftraclian 
 and llie Cafpian fea. At tlie fame tyme alfo, theie was in the dukes court an ambafladour that came frome this |irouiiice of Sihier : 
 who declared that his father liad lyn fenl ambafTadour to the yreat Chan of Cathay. And that the great citie of Cambalu wheie the 
 great Chan kepetli his couile in winter, was in nianer deltroyed by Necromancie and ni.agicall artes wherin the Cathaynes are very 
 expert .xs wryteth Marcus Paulus Venetus. Ther was alfo at the fame tyme th[elamba(fadour of the kynge of I'erfia cauled the great 
 .Sophie. This ambalTadour was appareled all in fcarlet, and fpake much to the duke in the tjchalfe of owrc men, of whofe kyngdome 
 and trade he was not ignora.> . 
 
 The people cauled Czcremiffe, dwell in the wooddes beneth Nouogardia the lower. They haue a peculiar 
 language and are of the fecte of Machumet They were fumtyme ftibiecte to the kynge of Cafan : but the 
 greater part of them are nowe fubiecte to the prince of Mofcouia. Many of them at my beinge tiiere, were 
 brought to Mofcoui.i, as fufpected of rebellion. This nation doth inhabite a large region withowt hoiifes from 
 Vuiathka and Vuoluchda, to the ryuer of Kama All the nation afwell women as men, are very fwyft of foote, 
 and exjiert archers ; wherein they fo delite, that theyr bowes are in maner neuer owt of thcyr handcs : and gyue 
 theyr children no meate vntyl they hyt the marke they flioote at. 
 
 Two lea(]ues didante from Nouogardia the lower, were many houfcs to the fitnilitude of a citie or towne 
 where they were accudomed to make falte. Thefe a fewe yeares fence beinge burnt of the Tartars, were 
 redored by the commaundemcnt of the prince. 
 
 Mordwa, are people inhabytynge by the ryuer of Volga on the fouth banke beneth Nouogardia the lower : 
 And are in al thynges like vnto the Czeremiffes but that they haue more houfes. And here endeth Th[e]inpire 
 of the Mofcouites. 
 
 Note here that Matthias of Michou, in his bookc of .Sarmatia AfLitica, wiitelh that the dominion of the duke of Mofcouia 
 recheth from tiie norlhwcfl to the foutheafl fyue hundrelh mylcs of Germanic, which are more then leaciucs. For tliey afilrme that a 
 Germane myle is more then three Knglyflhe mylc3. 
 
 Sibier. 
 
 Asf<rfnhs, I 
 thynk tv) l.c 
 marterns : yet 
 sum think them 
 to lie stjuerels 
 (fcsnerus wryteth 
 that the kyiijis tif 
 the 'i'arlars liauc 
 theyre tenles 
 coueretl wilh.'Wt 
 wytJi the skynnes 
 of^lynns : and 
 within, with the 
 skynnes of sal.Ies 
 and Krniynes. 
 
 299 
 
 Lzcrcmisse. 
 
 Ifabilarifin 
 witliout houses. 
 
 Salta 
 
' 
 
 t 
 
 Mofcouia and Cathay. 
 
 327 
 
 C Of the Tciytavs. 
 
 Ee \\7ll nowe adde hereunto fumwhat of the people confinynge with the Mofcouites towar-le 
 the EaR ; of the which the Tartars of Cadm are the firfl. But before wee fpeake of tliem 
 particularly, wee wyl fyrfl reherfe fumwhat of theyr manors and cuflomes in general). 
 
 The Tartars are d'liidcd into companies which they caul Hordas, of the which the 
 Horda of the Sawolhenfes is the chiefe in fame and multitude. For it is lay;le that the 
 other Hordas had theyr offprynge and original of this. And albeit that eiiery Horda hath 
 his peculiar name, as the Sawolhenfes, Precropenfes, and Nahays with ilyuers other being all 
 Machumetans, yet doo they take it euyll and count it re[)roc!i to bee caulcd Turkes : but wyll them feUies to 
 bee cauled Befermani, by the which name alfo the Turkes defyre to bee cauled. 
 
 And as the Tartars inhabyte many prou)nces reachynge far on euery fyde, euen fo in maners and order of 
 lyuynge doo they not agree in all thynges. They are men of meane flature, with broade and fat faces, holowe 
 eyde, with roughe and thyck beardes, and poulde heades. Onely the noble men haue longe heare, and that 
 exceadyng black, which they wreath on both fydes theyr eares. They are (lrong(! of body and floute of mynde : 
 prone to leacherye, and that vnnaturall. They eate the fleafflie of horfes, camells, and oil I'r beafles excepte 
 hogges, from which they abfleyne by a lawe. They can fo abyde farting and hunger, that they fumtime for- 
 beare meate and fleepe for the fpace of foure dayes, occupied neuertheleffe aboute theyr neceffary affayres. 
 Ageyne when they gette any thyng to deuoure, they ingorge them felues beyond nieafure : and with that furfecte 
 in maner reconipenfe theyr former abllynence. And beyngc thus op[)reffed with laboure and meate, tiiey lleepe 
 contynually for the f|)ace of three or foure tlays without doyng any maner of worke or labour: durynge whi( h 
 tyme the Lyuons and Mofcouites into whofe domynyons they are accudomed to make thejr incurfions, afliiyle 
 them vnv.'ares thus oppreffed with meate and fleepe, lyngc fcatered here and there owt of oriler witlKjwte 
 watch or warde. Alfo if when they ryde, they bee molelled with hunger and liiyrRe, tney vfe to lette tluyr 
 horfes blud, and with drynkyng the fame, fotyffye theyr prefent neceffytie, and affyrme theyr horfes to bee tlie 
 better therby. And bicaufe they all wander in vnknowen places, they vfe to ilyrect theyr iorncys by lh[e]- 
 afpecte of the flarres, and efpecyally of the pole Rarre, which in theyr tounge they caule .SeleinikoU, (that is) an 
 ircn nayle. They greatly delyte in mares mylke, and beleue that it maketh men Rrong and fatte. They eate 
 herbes very much : and efpecially fuch as growe abowt Tanais. Fewe of them vfe falte. ^\'hen theyr kynges 
 dyRrybute any vytayles among thern, they are accuRomcd to gyue one horfe or cowe to fortye men. Of the 
 flayne bcaRe, the bowells and tryi)es are referued for the chiefe men and cap; '.aynes. 'I'hefe they heate at the 
 fyre vntyll they may fliake owt the doonge, and then deuoure them gredely. They Aicke and lycke, not only 
 theyr fyngers imbrued with fatte, but alfo theyr knyues and Ryckes wherwith they fcrajie the doong from the 
 guttes. 'J'he heades of horfes are counted delycate diflhes with them as are bores heades with vs : and are 
 referued only for the chyefe i.ien. Theyr horfes (wherof they haue great abouniUiunce) are but linaule, and 
 with lliort neckes : but very Rrong and fuch as can wel away with labour and hunger. Thefe they feile with 
 the branches and barkes or ryndes of trees and the rotes of hearbes and weedes, wherby they accuRome them 
 to hard feedynge, and excrcyfe them to contynuall laboure: by reafon wherof (as fay the Mofcouytes) thexr 
 horfes are fwyfter and more durable then any other. 'J'liefe kynile of horfes, they caule I'achinat. 'I'hey haue 
 none other faddelis and Rerop[)es then of woodd, except fuche as they eyther bye of the CluyRians, or take 
 from them by vyolence. LeaR theyr horfe backes fluilde bee hurte with theyr faddelis, they vnderla\ e iheni 
 with gralTe and leaues of trees. They alfo jialTe ouer ryuers on horfback. But if when they flye, they feare tlv 
 purfuyuge of theyr enemyes, then callynge away theyr faddelis, ajjparelle, and all other inipedymentes, referuyng 
 only theyr armoure and wea[)ons they flye amayne and with greate celeritie. 
 
 Theyr women vfe the fame kynde of apparell that doo the men withowt any dyfference except that they 
 couer theyr heades with lynnen vayles, and vfe lynnen hofe muche lyke vnto maryners flopiies. When theyr 
 queenes coome abrod, they are accuRomed to couer theyr faces. The other multytude of the ( omnion forte 
 that lyueth here and ther in the feeldes, haue theyr apparell made of Rieepes n<ynnes, which they c haun,L;|e] not 
 vntyll they bee worne and tome to fytters. They tarye not longe in one jjlace, iudgyng it a great myfery fo to 
 doo : In fo muche that when they are angrie with theyr chyldren, the greateR curfe that they can gyue them, is 
 that they maye remayne perpetually in one (jlace, and drawe the Rynllie of theyr owne fyUhyneffe as doo the 
 ChryRyaiiS. When they haue confumed the ])aRure in one ))lace, they go to an other with theyr droues of 
 cattayle and theyr wyues and chyldren whom they euer cary about with them in Wagons : albeit the Tartars 
 that dwell in cities and townes, vfe an other order of lyuynge. If they be inclofed with any daungerous warre, 
 
 1'7 
 
 The Tart.irs of 
 
 HorJa. 
 
 The st.iture of 
 ll.c Tunoni. 
 
 They absteine 
 t'r.iiii hcjjges 
 Ik-sslie. 
 Abbtinciice. 
 
 Vuracitie. 
 
 So doo the Turlies 
 
 lorneying by ttic 
 pule star. 
 
 Mares iiij Ike 
 
 Horse fles-hc 
 
 eattai. 
 
 Llciily. 
 
 300 
 
 Horsfcl heades, 
 deintic ineate 
 'I'lie Tartars 
 luirse),. 
 
 Saildells and 
 styrrops oi uudde. 
 
 The Tartars 
 women. 
 
 The Tartars curse. 
 
 If. 
 
wf^mtmrnmrnm 
 
 328 
 
 Mofcoiiia mid Cathay. 
 
 tM 
 
 
 ill 
 
 No uisiicc aiiit'ige 
 
 The Tartars arc 
 thceuu:) and puurc. 
 
 Tlicy rcinyce in 
 
 spnylyinjc 
 
 The fcelile 
 Tartars 
 
 A mery ulc. 
 
 Casan. 
 
 301 
 
 The kynge of 
 Casan. 
 Archers. 
 Maryncrs. 
 
 The towne 
 Tartars. 
 
 MosLOiiia iniiadcd 
 by the Tartar:!. 
 
 The prince of 
 
 Sloscouiatriljutary 
 to the Tartars. 
 
 Dnke llasilius 
 army ageynst the 
 Tartars. 
 
 TheVyng nf Casan 
 siihniitteth hyin 
 ielfe. 
 
 tliey place theyr wyucs, cliyklren, and owkl folkes, in the faucfl j)]accs. There is no iullice amonge them. For 
 if any man flande in neacle of any thyn'^e, he may wiihowt ininnyflliemente take it awaye from an other. If any 
 coniplayne to the Judge of the vyolcnce and wronge doonne vnto hym, the ofiender denyeth not the cryme, 
 but layth that he coulde not lacke that thyng. Then the ludge is wonte to gyue thys fentence ; If thowe alfo 
 fliaile haue ncede of any thynge doo the lyke to other. Sum fay they do not fleale : But whether they fleale 
 or not, lette other iudge. They are furely a theeuyfflie kynd of men and very poore, lyuynge only by robbyng 
 of other, and ftealyng away other mens cattaylc, and vyolently alfo caryynge awaye the men them felues whom 
 eyther they felle to the Turkes or proffer them to bee redemed by ranfome, referuynge only the younge wenches. 
 They feldome affaulte cities or caRells, but burne and wafle townes and vyllagyes ; In fo muche that they fo 
 pleafe them felues herin, that they thynke they hiue fo muclie the more inlarged their empire, in howe muche 
 they haue wafted and made defolate manye prouynces. And althowgh they bee niofte impacyent of refe and 
 (|uyetneffe, yet doo they not kyll or deftroye one an other, excepte theyr kynges bee at deffention betweene 
 them felue-s. If any man bee flaine in any fraye or quarel, and the autours of the myfchefc bee taken, only 
 theyr horfie, harneffe, weapons, anil apparell, are taken from them, and they difmifTed. So that the murtherer 
 by the lofle of a vyle horfe or a bowe, is dyfcharged of the Iudge with thefe woordcs ; gette the henfe and goo 
 abowte thy bufyneffe. They haue no vfe of golde and fyluer, excepte only a fewe marchauntcs : But e.xerfyfe 
 exchaunge of ware for ware. And if it fo chaunce that by fellyng of fuch thynges as they haue ftolne, they 
 gette any monye of theyr bortherers, they bye therwith certeyne apparel and other neceflaryes of the Mofcouites. 
 The regyons of theyr habytations (the feekle Tartars I meane) are not lymytted with any bounties or borthers. 
 There was on a tyme a certeyne fatte Tartar taken pryfoner of the Mofcouites : to whom when the prynce fayd, 
 How art thow fo fatte thowe dogge, fythe thowe hafle not to eate, the Tartar anfwered, Why fluilde not I haue 
 to eate fythe I poffeffe fo large a land from the Ivift to the weft, wherby I may bee abundauntely nuryfflied ? 
 But thowe mayfte rather feeme to lacke, fyth thowe inhabyteft fo fmaule a portion of the worlde, and dufte 
 dayl}e ftryue for the fame. 
 
 C^afan, is a kyngedome, alfo a citie, and a caftell of the Hime name, fituate by the ryucr Volga on the 
 further banke, almoft threfcore anil tenne leaques beneath Nouogardia the lower. Alonge by the courfe of 
 Volga towarde the Eaft and South, it is termined with deferte fyeldes. Towarde the fommer Kaft, it confineth 
 with the Tartars cauled Schibanlki, and Kofatzki. The kynge of this prouince, is able to make an army of. 
 XXX. [thirty] thoufande men, efpecially foote men, of the which the CzeremilTe and Czubafchi arc moft expert 
 archers. The Czubafchi are alfo cunnynge maryncrs. The citie of Calim, is threfcore leaques difta'nt from the 
 principal caftcl Vuiathka. Furthermore, Cafan in the Tartars language, fignifieth a bralen potto boylynge. 
 Thefe Tartars are more ciuile then the other. For they ilwell in houfes, tyll the grownde, and exercife the 
 trade of marchaundies. They were of late fubdued by Bafilius the groate duke of Mofcouia, and had theyr 
 kynge afligned them at Iiis arbitriment. But fliortely after, they rebelled ageine : and affociate with other 
 Tartars, inuaded the region of iMofcouia, fpoyled and wafted many cities and townes, and leilde away innumer- 
 able captiues, eurn from tiie citie Mofcouia which they pofielTed for a tyme, and had vtterly deftroyed the fame 
 if it hail not byn for the valyantnefle of the Almayne gunners which kept the caftell with great ordinaunce. 
 They alfo putte liuke Bafilius to flyght, and caufed him to make a letter of his owne liande to Machmetgirei 
 theyr kynge to ; nknowleage hym felfe for a perpetuall tributarie to them, wherujipon they diffolued the fiege, 
 and gaue the Molcouites free libertie to redeeme theyr ca])tiues and gooddes, and fo departed. But Bafilius 
 not longe able to abyde this contumelie and diflionour, after that he had putte to death fuche as by flyinge at 
 the fyrft encountcrynge were the caufe of this ouerthrowe, aflembled an armye of a hundreth and fourefcore 
 thoufande men fliortely after in the yeare. 1523. And fent forwarde his army vnder the conducte of his Lieue- 
 tenaunte : and therewith an heralde at amies to byilde battayle to Machmetgirei the kynge of Cafan, with 
 woordes in this effecte : The laft yeare lyke a theefe and robber withowt bydding of battayle, thou dyddefte 
 pryuilie opprcfle me. \\'hcrefore I nowe chalenge the, once ageyne to proue the fortune of warre if thou 
 iTiyftrufte not thyne owne jjoure. To this the kynge anfwered, that there were manye wayes open for hym to 
 inuade Mofcouia ; And that the warres haue no leffe refpect to the commoditie of tyme and place then of 
 armure or ftrength : And that he wold take th[e]adiiantage tlierof when and where it fluilde feeme beft to him 
 and not to other. With which wooriles Bafilius beiiige greatly accenfed and burnyng with defyre of reuenge, 
 inuaded the kyngdome of Cafan : whofe kynge beinge ftryken with fudtleyne fcare at th[e]ai)proche of fc 
 terrible an army, afligned the gouernance of his kyngdome to the younge kynge of Taurica his neuie, whyle he 
 hym felfe went to requyre ayde of the Emperour of the Turkes. But in fine the kynge of Cafan fubmytled hym 
 felfe vppon certeyne conditions of peace whiche the Mofcouites dyil the gladtyer exieiite for that time becaufe 
 theyr vittaylcs fayled them to maynteyne fo great a multitude. But wheras duke Bafilius hym felfe was not 
 prefent at this laft expedition, he greatly fufpected Palitzki the Lieuetenauntc of th[e]army to bee corrupted 
 with brybes to proceade no further. In this meane tyme, the kynge of Cafan fent ambaffadours to Bafilius to 
 
 3^8 
 
'f 
 
 Mofcouia and Cathay. 
 
 329 
 
 
 intreate of peace ; whonie I i;iwe in the dukes coiirte at my beynge there : but I coulde perceaue no hope of 
 peace to bee betwene them. For euen tlien, Bafilius to endomage the Cafans, tranllated tlie niarte to Nouo- 
 gardia, which before was accuftonied to bee kepte in the Ilande of marchaimtes nere vnto the citie of Cafan : 
 Commaiindyng alfo vnder peyne of greuous punyflliemente that none of his fubiectes fliulde reforte to the 
 Ilande of marchauntes : thynkynge that this tranllation of tlie marte fliulde greately haue endomaged the Cafans ; 
 and that only by takyng away their trade of fake (which they were accuftonied to bye of the Mofcouites at that 
 marte) they fliulde haue byn compelled to fubmyllion. But the Mofcouites them felues felte no lefle incon- 
 uenience hereby then dyd the Cafans, by reafon of the dearth and fcarfeneffe that folowed hereof of al fuch 
 thynges as the Tartars were accuflomed to brynge thyther by the ryuer of Volga from the Cafi)ian fea, the 
 kyngcdomes of I'erfia and Armenia, and the marte towne of Aftrachan : efpecially the great number of mofl 
 excellent fyfflies that are taken in Volga both on the liyther and further fyde of Cafan. 
 
 But hauynge fayde thus much of the warres betwene the Prince of Mofcouia and the Tartars of Caian, we 
 wyll now procede to fpeake fumwhat of the other Tartars inhabytyng the regions towarde the foutheafl and the 
 Cafpian fea. 
 
 Next beyonde the Tartars of Cafan, arc the Tartars cauled Nagai or Nogai, which inhabite the regions 
 beyond Volga abowt the Cafi)ian fea at the ryuer laick, ninnyng owt of the prouince of Sibier. Thefe haue no 
 kynges but dukes. In owre tyme, three bretherne diuydynge the prouinces eciually betwene the:ji, poffclTed 
 thofe dukedomes. The fyrft of them named Schidack, poffelVcth the citie of Scharaitzick, beyond the ryuer of 
 Rha or Volga towarde the Eafte, with the region confinynge with the ryuer laick. 'I'he feconde cauled Colfum, 
 enioyeth all the lande that lyethe bttwenc- the ryuers of Kaman laick and Volga. 'I'he thyrde brother named 
 Schichmamai, poflelTeth parte of the prouince of Sibier and all the region abowt the (iime. Schichmamai, is as 
 much to fay by interprctacion, as holy or niyghty. And in nianer al thefe regions are full of wooddes, excepte 
 that that lyeth towarde Scharaitz, which confyfteth of playnes and fyeliles. 
 
 Betwene the ryuers of Volga and laick, abowt the Cafpian fea, there fumtymes inhabyted the kynges 
 cauled Sawolhenfes. Demetrius Danielis (a man among thefe barbarians, of fmguler fayth and grauitie) toulde 
 vs of a maruelous and in miner incredible thyng that is fene among thefe Tartars. And that his father beinge 
 fente by the prynce of Mofcouia to the kynge of Sawolhenfe, fawe wliyle he was in that legacie, a certeyne feede 
 in that Ilande fumwhat lefle and rounder then the feedes of Melones : Of the whiche beinge hydde in the 
 grounde, there groweth a frute or plante very lyke a lambe, of the heygbt of fyue fpannes : And is thcrforc 
 cauled in theyr tounge Boranetz, which fignifyeth a lyttle lamb. For it hath the headde, eyes, cares, anil all 
 other partes like vnto a lanibe newly eyned : with alfo a very thynne fkynne wherwith dyuers of th[e]inhabi- 
 tauntes of thofe regions are accuftomed to line theyr cajjpes and hattes and other tyrements for theyr heades. 
 Many alfo confirmed in owre prefence that they had feene thefe fl<ynnes. He fayde furthermore that that 
 plant (if it may bee cauled a plant) hath bludde, and no flefllie : but hath in the fleade of flLfflie a certeyne 
 fubftance like vnto the flefflie of creuyfflics. The hoofes alfo are not of home as are the, lanibes, but couered 
 with heare in the fame forme. The roote cleaueth to the nauell or myddeft of the belly. The plante or fruite 
 ly oth vntyll all the grafle and herbes growynge abowte it beinge eaten, the roote wythereth for lacke of 
 nuryffliement. They fay that it is very fweete to bee c ten, and is therefore greately dtfyrcd and fought for of 
 the woolues and other rauenyiige bealles. And albeit I exfteme all that is fayde of this [jlant to be fabulous, 
 yet forafniuch as it hath byn toulde me of credible perfons, I haue thought good to make mention hereof. 
 
 Of this firaungc fnitc, Mamlcucll makelh mention, where in the. Ixxxilii. [eighty-fourth] chapiture of his booke he wryteth thus: 
 Nowe fliall 1 fay of fum laiulcs, cuuntreys, and lies that are beyonde the l.inde of Catliay. Thurfore who fo (;uelli from Cathay to 
 India the hyjjh and the lowe, he Ihall go through a kyngedome tliat men caulc Cadifffn, and is a great lande. Tlicre gioweth a 
 maner of frute as it were gourdes. And when it is rype, men cut it a funder: and fyiid tlierein a ln'afl iis it were uf llefdie, l]one, anil 
 bludde, as it were a lyttle lambe withowt wolle. And men cate that bead and the fmle alfo, which is a great nianiayle. Ncuerthe- 
 lelTe, I fayde vnto them that I helde that for no maruayle. For I fayde tliat in my countrey are tres that beare frute that become 
 byrdes flying which are good to bee eaten. And that that fauleth into the water lyuetli: And that that fauletli on the earth dyeth. 
 And they had greate maniayle of this. etc. 
 
 From the prince of Schidack, proceadyng. xx. [twenty] daycs iorney towarde the Eaft. are the peojile which 
 the Mofcouites caule lurgenci, whofe [irince is Barack Soltan, brother to the greate Chan of Cathay. In tenne 
 daycs iorney from Barack Soltan, they coomme to Bebeid Chan. And this is that great Chan of Cathay. 
 
 Names of dignities amonge the Tartars, are thefe, Chan, fignifieth a kynge, Soltan, the foonne of a kynge. 
 Bii, a Duke. Murfa, the foonne of a tluke. Olboud, a noble man or counfiler. Olboadulu, the foonne of a 
 noble man. Seid, the hygh prefte. Kfi, a priuate perfon. 
 
 The names of ofiiccs are thefe ; Vlan, the feconde dignitie to the kynge. For the kynges cf the 'I artars 
 haue foure principall men wliofe coimfayle they 1 fe in al theyr weyghty atTayres. Of thefe the fyrfle is cauled 
 Schirni : the feconde Barni : the ihynle, Gar;^4n : The fourth, Tziptzan. And to haue fayde thus niuche of the 
 
 Tartars, it fliall fuflicc. 
 
 329 
 
 nic Ibn.l of 
 llurduuiiles 
 
 The C.ispi.-in sea. 
 Pcrsi.!. 
 
 Armenia. 
 Astrachan. 
 
 302 
 
 The Tartars ncare 
 
 to the Caspi.tii sua. 
 
 Nugai. 
 
 The posse.-isUm of 
 
 three brytlicrne. 
 
 The kynpes catiled 
 
 SawuUiciibeii. 
 
 A manielous frute 
 lykc a lambe. 
 
 MandeuelL 
 
 n.irnacles of the 
 Orkcucys. 
 
 Barack Soltaiu 
 Cathay. 
 
 Names of dignitiei 
 amuiige the 
 Tartars. 
 
 Names of ofTices. 
 
 
 m 
 
 \f:\ 
 
 A,l.i 
 
 Si, 
 
330 
 
 »! t !l 
 
 'l,> 
 
 Mofcouia and Catliay. 
 
 303 
 
 Chan CubUi. 
 
 Noiiognnli.i. 
 
 Siiccia viiJcr the 
 kynge of 
 I)c-niiiarlv.e. 
 
 Dwina. 
 Putiwlo. 
 
 HvRh mnuntayiK- 
 iic.ire the norlh 
 Ocean. 
 
 Finlappia. 
 
 The wylde 
 Lappians. 
 
 'i'he rcRi'in of 
 NortpoiJtjn 
 
 The cape caiilcii 
 the holy nose 
 A whyrlpoole or 
 swalowing goulfe. 
 
 304 
 
 Such whyrlcpo' An^i 
 arc cautcti vipurs 
 
 The stone catilcd 
 
 Seines. 
 
 Superstition. 
 
 Marcus raiilus wrylclli that tlic furcate Clian, is catilcd Chan Cublai tliat is, the j;reat kynj,'c of kynges : as the greale turcke 
 
 \iiylclli hyni fclfc in lyl^c niancr, .xs I fawc in a letter h r; tton by liym uf late to the citie of Raijufa, in the which he vfcth this fub- 
 fLri|>tion ; .Si Ian Suhmun ilc fclini Cham Signorc dc Sij,'nc)ri in fcmiiilcrno. As conccrnyiige Mofcouia ami Cathay, I was mymled 
 to h.auc aiMcil hereunto ilyucrs oilier thynj^cs, but that for certeyne conlulcralions I was pcrfuaileil to iiroccaile no further. Vnto 
 whofe re(iuclle, herein fatiffyiiigc rather other then my fclfc, wyllyngc otherwyfc to haue accomplyfflieil this booke to further perfec- 
 tion, 1 wfis content to .a^rec for two c.aufes cfiiccially nioiiynt;c me: wherof the one is, that as toiichyiii;c thefe trades and vyayes, as 
 in mancr in all other fciences, tlicre are certeyne fcereales not to bee publyflhcd and ni.adc common to all men. The other caufe is, 
 that the partcncrs at whofe charj^e this booke is prynleil, althouijh the coppy wherof they h.aue wrought a longe fpace haue coll them 
 nought doo not neuerthelcffe ceafe dayly to caule vppon me to make an end and proccade no further : alTinnynge that the booke wyll 
 bee of to great a pryce and not euery mans money: fearyng rather theyr owne loffc and hynderaunce, then earefull to bee beneficiall 
 to other, as is nowe in maner the trade of all men, which ordinarie refpecte of jirluale commodltie hath at this tynie fo lyttle moued 
 me, 1 take god to wytnelTe, that lor my jayncs and tratiayles taken herein fuch as they bee, I may vppon lull oceafion thynke my 
 felfe a Kiofer manye wayes, except fuch men ofgootl inclination as Ihall take jileafure and fccie fuin commodltie in the knowleagc of 
 thefe thyngcs, Ihall thynke me woiirthy theyr goi«l woordc, whcrwilh I Ihal reimle my felfe and my tran.ayles fo .abundai.lly faliflyed, 
 that I Ihall re|iule oilier mens gayiies a reeomiieiife for my lolTes, as they may bcc iu decde, yf men bee not vuthankefull, which only 
 \ice of iiyralitude hath hyii Icred the woiide of many beiicfitcs. 
 
 C3" The naitigatioii by t/ic fi'fl/cn fca. 
 
 r my licinge in Mofcouia when I was fent thyther by kynge Ferdinando my lorde and mafter, 
 it fo ( liaiiiifutl iIkU (Icorgiiis IRoma tlic duke of Mofcouia his intcrpretour, a man of great 
 experience who liadde before lerned the latin tounge in the court of lolin kynge of Den- 
 nuirke, was there prcfent at the fame tyme. He in tlie yeare of Chryfl. 1496. beinge fente 
 of his prince with mailer Daiiid a fcotte borne and then ambaffadour for the kynge of Den- 
 niarke, (whom alfo I knewe there at my fyrll legacie) made me a breefe information of all 
 ™ th[e|iinler of his iorney. 'i"he which, forafniuch as it may feeme diflicult and la' orious afwel 
 tor the dill.umce as dauiigerous places, 1 haue tliought good to defcribe the fame as I receaued it at his 
 mouth, 
 
 I'yrfl lie fayde that beinge fent of his prince with the fayd Dauid, they came fyrR to Nouogardia the great. 
 And wher as at that tyme the kyngetlome of Suecia reuolted frome the kynge of Denmarke, and alfo the duke 
 of Mofcouia w.is at dil'cention with the Suetians, by reafon wherof they coulde not paffe by the mofl accuRomed 
 way for the tumultes of war they attempted theyr iorney by an other way longer but fafer And came fyrfl from 
 Nouogardia to the mouthes of the ryuer of Dwina and Potiwlo, by a very difficult and paynefuU iorney. For 
 he fayd that this iorney which can not bee to muche detefled for fuche laboures and trauayles, continueth for 
 the fpace of three hiindreth leagues. In fine, "akyng foure fmaul fliyppes or barkes at the mouthes of Dwina, 
 t'l ;y fayled by the coafle on the ryght hande of the Ocean, where they fawe certeyne hyghe and rowgh moun- 
 taynes : and at the lengthe faylynge. xvi. [lixteen] leaiiues, and paffynge a great goulfe, folowed the coafle on 
 the lefte hande : And leauyng on the ryght hand the large fea which the name of the ryuer Petzora (as haue 
 alfo the mountayncs adiacent to the dime) they came to the peojile of Finlajiiiia : who, although they dwell 
 here and there in lowe coitagies by the fea fyde, and leade in maner i beaflly lyfe, yet are they more meeke 
 and tractable tlien the wylde Lappians. He fayde that thefe alfo ai'e tributaries to the prince of Mofcouia. 
 Then leauynge the lande of the Lapjiians, and faylynge fourefcore leatjues, they came to the region of Nort- 
 poden vnder the dominion of the kynge of Suecia. This the Mofcouites caule Kaienfka Semla, and the people 
 Kaycni. I)e])artynge from hcnfe, and fiylynge alonge by the coafle of a wyndynge and bendynge fliore reach- 
 yng towarde the ryght hand, they came to a jiromontorie or cape cauled the Holy nofe, beinge a greate (lone 
 reacliynge farre into the fea to the limilitude of a nofe ; vnder the whiche is feene a caue with a whyrlepoole 
 which fwalow[e]th the fea euery fyxe houres : and caflynge furth the fame ageyne with terryble rorynge and 
 violence, caufeth the fayde whyrlepoole. Sum caule this tl'; nauell of the fea: and other name it Charybdis. 
 He aliirnieth that the violence of this fwalowynge goulfe is fuch, that it draweth into it, inuolu/th, and fwalow- 
 eth vp fliyjipes and al other thynges that comme neare it . and that the) were neuer in greater d, mgiour^ For 
 the whyrlepoole fo fiiddeynly and violentely tlrevve vnto it the fliyppe or barke wherin they were caryed, that 
 with the helpeofores and great labour they h;'rdly efcaped. When they had thus ouerpaffed the holy nofe, 
 they came to a certeyne flonye mountayne which they flnilde needes comjiaffe abowte. Lut beinge d.ere flayed 
 with contrary wyndes for the fjiace of certeyne dayes, the pylotte of the fliippe fpake vnto them in this effecte : 
 This flone (J'aytli he) that yowe fee, is cauled Semes : The which e.\ce|)te we jileafe with fumme gyfte, wee 
 fliall not jiaffe by withowt great daungiour. liut the pylot beinge rei)roued of Ifloma for his vayne fupcrflition, 
 
 helde his pea(-e. And when diey hatl byn deteined ther by temped for the fpace of foure days, at the length 
 
 VW.' 
 
»/'f! 
 
 Mofconia and Cathay. 
 
 ZZ^ 
 
 the tcmpcll ceafed and they went forwnrde on thcyr vyage with a prof[)en)iis wynd. Then the pilotte fpake 
 vnto them ageyne, fayinge : You defpifed my achiionicion of pleafynge the Semes, anil fcorned tlie fame as 
 vayne and fiiperflitious. But if I had not priuiUe in the nyght afcended a rocke and pleafed the Semes, wee 
 fliulde furely haue had no pafTage. Beinge demaunded what he offered to the Semes, he fayde that he poured 
 butter myxt with otemcle vpon the flone wliich wee fiiwe reache furth into the fea. As they fayled further, they 
 came to an otlier cape named Motka, which was ahiiod enuironed with the fea lyke an Ilande: in whofe 
 extreme poynte, is fituate the caflell of Barthus, which fum caule Wardhus, (that is) a houfe of defence or for- 
 treffe. For the kynges of Norway haue there a garryfon of men to defende theyr marches. He fayfle further- 
 more that that cape reacheth fo farre into the fea, that they coulde fcarfely compaffe it in eyght dayes. By 
 which tarying leafle they finilde bee hyndered, they caryed on thcyr flnilders with greate laboure, theyr barkes 
 and fardelles ouer a flreyght of lande conteynyng halfe a leaque in breadth. From henfe they fayled to the 
 region of the wyld Lajjpones, caul' d Dikilappones to a place named Dront, beinge. CC. [two hundred] leai|ues 
 diftant from Dwina towarde the North. And thus farre as he fayth, doth the prince of Mofcouia exacte tribute. 
 Furthermore leauyng theyr barkes here, they fynyfflied the rcfidue of theyr iorney on flcades. lie further 
 declared that there were heardes of hartes as are with vs of oxen, whiche in the Norucgians tounge are cauled 
 Rhen, beinge fumwhat bygger then owre hartes. Thefe the Lappones vfe in this maner. They ioyne them to 
 fleades made lyke fyfflier botes, as wee put horfes to the carte. The man in the fleade, is tyed fad by the feeto 
 leafl he fall owte by the fwyfte courfe of the hartes. In his lefte hande, he holdeth a collar or rayne wherwith 
 he moderateth the courfe of the hartes : and in the ryght hand, a pyked flaffe wherwith he may fuReine the 
 fleade from faulyng if it chaunce to decline to much on any part. And he toulde me that by this meanes he 
 trauayled twentie leaques in one daye, and then difmyffed the harte, who by hym felfe returned to his owne 
 mailer and accuflomed flable. This iorney thus fynyfflied, they came to Berges a citie of Norduegia or Norway, 
 fituate directly towarde the northe betwene the mountaynes ; and wente from thenfe to Denniarke on horfe- 
 backe. At Dront and Berges, the day is (liyde to bee. xxii. [twenty-two] houres longe in the fommer F.qui- 
 noctiall. Blafius an other of the prynce of Mofcouia his interpretours, who a fewe yeares before, was fent Oi 
 his prince into Spayne to Th[e]emperour, declared vnto vs an other and fliorter way of his iorney. For he 
 fayde that when he was fent from Mofcouia to lohn the kyng of Denniarke, he came fyrde on foote vnto 
 Roflowe : And takjnge fliyppe there, came to Pereaflaw : and from Pcreallaw by the ryuer Volga to Callromow: 
 and that frome thenfe goynge feuen Werfles by lande, he came to a lyttle ryuer : faylynge by the which, when 
 fyrft he came to Vuolochda, then to Suchana, and Dwina, and in fine to the citie of Berges in Norway, oucr- 
 paffynge in this vyage all the perelles and laboures that Illoma rehearfed before, he came at the length to 
 Hafnia the chiefe citie of Denniarke, whiche the Germaynes caule Koppenhagen. But in theyr returnynge 
 home, they both confeffe that they came to Mofcouia by Liuonia : and that they were a yeare in this vyage : 
 Albeit Georgius Illoma, fayde that halfe the parte of that tynie, he was hyndered by tempclles, and inforced to 
 tary longe in many places by the waye. Yet they both lykewyfe conflantely alfirme that in this iorney eyther 
 of them trauayled a thoufand threefcore and ten Werfles (that is) three hundreth and fortie leaciues. Further- 
 more alfo Demetriu.'i who of late was fent ambaffadour from the prynce of Mofcouia to the b}fnioppe of Rome, 
 (by whofe relation alfo Pauhis louius wrote his defcription of Mofcouia) confirmed all thefe thynges to bee 
 trewe. All they being demaunded of me of the congeled or frofen fea, made none other anfwere but that in 
 places nere vnto that fea, they faw many and great riuers by whofe vehemcnte courfe and abundaunt flowynge, 
 the feas are dryuen farre from the fliore ; and that the fayae water of the ryuers is frofen with the fea a good 
 fpace from the lande, as in Liuonia and other partes of Suecia. For althowgh by the vehemencie of tiie 
 wyndes, the Ife is broken in the fea, yet dooth this chaunce feldome or neuer in ryuers, excejite by fum inun- 
 dation or flud the Ife gathered togyther bee lyfted vp and broken. For the flakes or piefes of Ife caryed into tlie 
 fea by force of the ryuers, doo flote aboue the water in maner all the hole yeare, and are ageyne fo vehemently frofen 
 togyther, that a man niaye there fumtymes fee great heapes of the Ife of manye yeares, as dooth appere by fuch 
 piefes as are dryuen to the fliore by the wynde. I haue alfo byn credebly informed by faythfuU men that the 
 fea Baltheum (otherwj'fe cauled the goulfe of Liuonia) is often tynies frofen in many places. Tiiey fay further- 
 more, that in that region whiche is inhabyted of the wyldc Lappones, the foonne in the fommer Fijuinoctiall 
 dooth not faule for the fpace of. xl. [forty] dayes : yet that that the body therof is fo hydden with a darke niyde 
 or cloude three houres, that the beanies doo not appere : Neuei theleffe to gyue fuch lyght durynge that tyme, 
 that the darkeneffe hyndereth not theyr woorke. The Mofcouites make theyr boRe that thefe wylde Lajipones 
 are tributaries to theyr i)rynce. Wherat I do not greatly maruayle, forafmuch as they haue none other neare 
 vnto them, that may demaunde tribute of them. Theyr trybute is onely furres and fyffhe, hauynge in maner 
 none other thynge greately commodious. And albeit they lacke breade, falte, and other intyfements of glutteny, 
 and lyue onely with fyfflie and wylde bcaRes, yet are they e.xceadyng prone to lechery. They are fuch expert 
 archers, that if in theyr huntynge they efpye any beafles whofe fkynncs they defyre to faue vnperyfflied, they 
 
 S-icrifire to the 
 stunu Scitiub 
 
 , The c.ipe Mt>tka. 
 
 The ^n^t<.■t of 
 WurUhus. 
 
 I np rccinn or int 
 wyhic I.altpuiics. 
 Dront. 
 
 lorncyinge on 
 sli;;ldes. 
 
 Ilnwo the hnrli;s 
 dniwe blcadcs. 
 
 ly 
 
 xx. ftwenty] 
 le;n[iie,s in on 
 
 The citie of 
 llerijcb in N'orw.iy 
 
 A shorter iorney. 
 
 Rostow. 
 Pereasl.iw. 
 Castroninw. 
 Vunlochtl.i. 
 Sui.hiiTia. 
 llwiiia. 
 Hafni.'U 
 Koppenhagen 
 I.iiionia. 
 I Wijfitc, is almost 
 an Itahan iiiyle. 
 
 305 
 
 Paulus louius. 
 
 Ryuers ruiKnij 
 iiiio tlie frohcn sea. 
 
 Wynde. 
 Isc. 
 
 Fse of mnny 
 yeares. 
 
 The sc.-i llallliciiin 
 Where the miii 
 faukth nut ill. xl. 
 [forty J days 
 
 The wyl-'e 
 l.appiincs are 
 trilitititries to the 
 Mosccjuites 
 Furres and fysslie 
 
 Expcrtc archers 
 
 t-N. 
 
 :l 
 
 m 
 
 
^! ■< 
 
 rPll 
 
 1 f li" 
 
 ^ I 
 
 ■« , 'I 
 
 Good felowsliyp. 
 
 Necessary warrcs. 
 
 No vse of money. 
 Thcyr cotagcs. 
 
 Mnimtaynes 
 
 ciintinii.iliy 
 
 buriiyiiy. 
 
 Purg;ttury. 
 
 The ryuer 
 Pctzura. 
 
 306 
 
 The hcaste caulctl 
 Murs. 
 
 The prouidence 
 of nature. 
 
 Mofconia and Cathay. 
 
 The frosen sea. 
 
 Engronland or 
 Gruneland 
 
 wyll not lyglitly mylTe to hyttc them in the nofethrylles. When they go fiirth on huntynge, they are accuflomcd to 
 leaiie at homo with theyr wyucs fiiche marchauntes or Rraungers as they haue receaued into theyr houfes. So that 
 if at theyr returne, they pcrceaiie theyr wyiies tlirowgh the company of the flrangers to be my rier and more iocunde 
 then they were wonte to bee, they gyue the flraungers fum prefent. But yf they fynd it othervyfe, they thnifl them 
 fiirth of the doores with woordes of rej)roche. 15ut nowe by the company they haue with flraungers tliat reforte 
 thylher for gaynes, they begyn to leaue thcyr natiue barbaroufncffe. They gladly admitte marchauntes, bycaufe 
 they brynge them apparel of grofe cloth : alfo hatchettes, needels, fpones, knyues, drynkynge cuppcs, earthen 
 and brafen pottes, with fuch other neceffarie wares : So that they vfe now to eate fodden and roRed meate, 
 and doo cmbrafe more ciuile maners. Theyr owne ajjparel is made of the fkynnes of dyuers beaftes fowed 
 togyther. And in this apparell they fumtymes comme to Mofcouia. Yet fewe of them haue cappes or hofen, 
 which they vfe to make of hartes Ikynnes. They haue not the vfe of golde or fyluer money: but vfe only 
 barteryng of ware for ware. And beinge ignorant of other languages befyde theyr owne, they fecme amonge 
 flraungers to bee in maner domme. Theyr cotages are couered onely with the barkes of trees. They haue no 
 certeyne reflynge habitacion. But when they haue confumed the fyfflie and wylde beafles in one place, they 
 remoue to an other. Furthermore alfo the fayde ambaffadours of the prince of Mofcouia, declared that in the 
 fame partes they fawe certeyne hygh mountaynes continually caflynge furth flames of fyre as doth the moun- 
 tayne of Etna in the Ilande of Sicilia : and that euen in Norway, many mountaynes are faulen downe and 
 burnte in maner to aflhes with fuch continuall flames. Which thynge fum confyderyng, fayne the fyre of Purga- 
 torie to bee there. And as concernynge thefe mountaynes of Norway, when I was fent ambaffadour to 
 Chriflieme kynge of Denmarke, I was informed the lyke by the gouernours of Norwaye who chaunced at that 
 tyme to bee prefent there. 
 
 Abowt the mouthcs of the ryuer Petzora that are toward the ryght hande from the mouthes of Dwina, are 
 fayd to bee dyuers and great beafles in the Ocean : and amonge other, a certeyne great beaR as bygge as an 
 oxe, which th[e]inhabitauntes caule Mors. This beaR hath fliorte feete lyke a beuer or an Otter, with a breR 
 fumwhat hygh and brode for the proportion of the refidue of his body : and two longe and greate teeth grow- 
 ynge owte of the vpper iawe. Thefe beaRes for rcR and increufe, doo fumtymes leaue the Ocean, and by great 
 hearties afcentle the mountaynes : where before they gyue themfelues to profounde fleepe (whemnto they are 
 naturally inclined) they appoynt one of theyr number as it were a watcheman as doo cranes for the fecuritie of 
 tiie reRe. Whiche if he chaunce to fleepe, or to bee flayne of the hunters, the refidue may eafely bee taken. 
 But if the watchman gyue warnynge with rorynge (as the maner is) immediately the hole liearde awakened 
 thereby, fuddeynly put theyr hynder feete to theyr teeth : And fo faulynge from the mountayne with great 
 celeritie as it were on a Reade, they caR them felues headlong into the Ocean ; where alfo they reR and fleepe 
 for a whyle vppon the heapes of Ife. The hunters purfue thefe beaRes only for theyr teethe : Of the which 
 the Mofcouites, Tartars, and efpecially the Turkes, make haftes for fwoordes and dagge[r]s very artificially : 
 And vfe thefe rather for ornamente, then to gyue the greater Rroke for the weyght or heauineffe thereof as fumme 
 fable. Alfo amonge the Turkes, Mofcouites, and Tartars, thefe teethe are foulde by weight, and are cauled the 
 teethe of fyfflies. 
 
 The frofen fea reacheth farre and wyde beyonde Dwina to Petzcora and vnto the mouthes of the great 
 riuer Obi : beyonde the which they fay to bee the region of Engroneland, vnknowen and feperate from the 
 trade and conuerfation of owre men, by reafon of hygh mountaynes couered and coulde with perpetual! fnowe, 
 and the fea no lefle incumbered with contynually Ife whiche hyndereth nauigations and niaketh them daun- 
 gerous, as they faye. 
 
 u* 
 
333 
 
 EXEMPLAR EPISTOLAE SEV 
 LITERARVM MISSIVARVM 
 QVAS ILLVSTRISSIMVS PRINCEPS 
 Edvvarduseius nomiiiis Scxtus, An- 
 glian, Franciai, et Hibernian Rex, 
 mifit ad Principes Scptcmtrion- 
 alcm ac Orientalem mundi 
 plagam inhabitantcs iuxta 
 mare glaciale, nee non In- 
 diani Orientalem. Anno 
 Domini. 1553. Regni 
 fill Anno feptimo 
 et vltimo. 
 
 Dvvardiis fextus, Angliae, Francite, and 
 Hibcrniae Rex. etc. Omnibus, 
 Regibus et I'rincipibus ac Doniinis, 
 et cundlis Iiidi<;ibus terra:, et Duci- 
 bus eius quibufcui-Kjue c(l ex- 
 cellens alkiua dignitas in ea 
 cundlis in locis qua; funt fub vniucrfo coelo ; Pax, 
 tranquillitas, et honor vobis, terris, et regionibus veflris 
 qua; imperio veRro fubiacent, cuicjue veflrum qucmad- 
 niodum conuenit ei. Propterea quod indidit Deus 
 Opt Max. hominibus pra; cundis alijs viuentibus cor 
 et defiderium tale, vt appctat quiftjue cum alijs focie- 
 tatcm mire, amare, et vicifsim anuri, beneficijs afficerc, 
 et mutua accipere beneficia fludeat, ideo cuique pro 
 307facultate fua hoc defiderium in omnibus quidem 
 hominibus beneficijs fouere et conferuare conuenit, in 
 illis autcm maximc, qui hoc defiderio adducti, a re- 
 motis etiani regionibus ad eos voniunt. Quo enim 
 longius iter, eius rei gratia ingrefsi funt, eo ardcntius 
 in eis hoc defiderium fuilTe dcclararunt. Infuper etiam 
 ad hoc, nos patrum maiorumque noflrorum exempla 
 inuitant, qui femjier humanifsime fufcepcrunt et benig- 
 nilsime traiflauerunt illos qui turn a locis proi)inquis 
 turn a remotis, eos amice adibant, eorum fe proteiflioni 
 commendantes. Quod fl omnibus id pra;flare iccjuum 
 ell, certe mercatoribus imprimis prajftari debet, qui 
 per vniuerfi!iii orbcm difcurrunt, mare circuniluftrantes 
 et aridam, vt res bonas et vtiles qu;e Dei bcneficio in 
 
 THE COPYOE THE LETTERS 
 
 MISSIVE WHICH THE RIGHT 
 
 NOBLE PRINCE EDWARDE THE. VI. 
 
 fent to the Kyngcs, Princes, and other 
 
 potentates inhabytynge the Northealt 
 
 partes of the worlde towarde the 
 
 myglityeEmpire of Cathay,atfuche 
 
 tynie as fyr HughWillobyknyght 
 
 and Rychard Chaimceler with 
 
 theyrcompany attempted thejT 
 
 vyage thyther in the yeare of 
 
 Chryft. 1 5 5 3. and the. vii. and 
 
 lafte yeare of his reigne. 
 
 Dwarde the fyxte by the grace of God, 
 kynge of Englande, Fraunce, and 
 Icrlande. etc. 'I'o all Kynges, 
 Princes, Ruleis, Judges, and gouer- 
 nours of the canlic, and all other 
 hauynge any excellent tlignilie on 
 the fame in all iihues vnder the 
 vniuerfall heauen : Peace, trani|ui- 
 lilie, and honoure, bee vnto yowe, and your landis 
 and regions which are vnder yowr dominions, and to 
 euery of yowe as is conueniont. 
 
 Forafmuche as the greate and almyghty god hath 
 gyuen vnto mankynd abouc al oilier liuing creatoiirs, 
 fueh a hart and defyrc, that euery man defyreth to 
 ioyne frendefliyppe with other, to loue and bee loued, 
 alio to gyue and receaue miituall benefites, it is ther- 
 fore the dewtie of all men, accordyng to theyr i)Oure 
 to mainlayne and increafe this defyre in euery man 
 with well deferuynge to all men, and efpecially to 
 fliewe this good alieclion to fuch as beinge moiied with 
 this defire, coome vnto them from lane countieys. 
 For in howe much the longer viage they haue atlein[)teil 
 for this intent, fo much the more doo they therby de- 
 clare that this defyre hath byn ardent in them. Fur- 
 thermore alfo th[e]exemples of owre fathers and predi- 
 celTours doo inuite vs hereunto, forafmuch as they haue 
 euer gentelly and louyngly intreated fueh as of frendely 
 mynde came to them afwel from countreis nere hand 
 as farre remote, eommendynge them felues to theyr pro- 
 tection. And if it bee ryght and e(]uitie to (liewe fueh 
 humanitie toward all men, doubtlelle the fame owght 
 chiefely to bee fliewed to mareh.i'',ntes, who wancler- 
 ynge abowt the workle, fearche both the lande and fea 
 to cary fiieh good and profitable thinges as are foimde 
 in theyr countrcys, to remote regions an'l kyngedomes: 
 and agejne to brynge from the fame, fiit he ihynges as 
 
 133 
 
 * 
 
 i 
 
 'I 
 I' 
 
 ■Is 
 
PTT 
 
 334 
 
 7'/ic kyiigcs letter. 
 
 (i 
 
 m 
 
 308 
 
 regione coram inucniiintur, ad reinutifsimas rcgioncs et 
 regna adftnint, at(iiic indc viuifsiin rcfcrant ((uod fiuc 
 rcgioni vtilc ibi repcrerint ; vt et popiili ad (juos eunt, 
 non dt'flituaiilur commodis (iiia; non profcrt illis terra 
 eorum, et ipl'i fint participes rerum tiuibus illi abun- 
 dant. Nam Deiis cceli et terrre, huniano generi maxi- 
 nie confulens, noluit vt omnia in qiiauis regione inueni- 
 rentur, quo regio ope alteriiis rcgionis indigeret, et 
 gens ab alia gcnte comniodum alifjuod e.\p';(Slaret, ac 
 ita (labiiiretur aniicitia inter omnes, finguli(iiie omni- 
 bus bcnefacere qurcrerent, Hoc itaque incundae ac 
 flaljilienda; amicitiiv; defiderio moti viii quidam regni 
 noflri, iter in remotas maritimas regiones inflituerunt, 
 vt inter noftros et illos populos viam mercibus inferen- 
 dis et eferendis aperirent : Nofi[UC rogauerunt vt id 
 illis concedcremus. Qui peticioni illorum annuentcs, 
 concellimus viro honorabili et forti Hugoni Wilibeo et 
 alijs (jui cum eo funt feruis noRris fidis et charis, vt 
 pro fua voluntate, in regiones eis prius incognitas rant, 
 quoefiluri ea quilMis nos caremus, et adducant illis ex 
 noftris terris, id quo illi carent. Atque ita illis et nobis 
 comraodum inde accedat, fitque amicitia perpetua et 
 fcediis indifsolubile inter illos et nos, dum permittent 
 illi nos accipere de rebus quibus fuperabundant in 
 rcgnis fuis, et nos concedemus illis ex regnis noflris 
 res, (jnibus dcflituuntur. Rogamus itaque vos Regcs 
 et Principos et omnes quibus aliqua ell poteflas in 
 terra, vt viris iflis noflris tranfitum permittatis per regi- 
 ones veRras. Non enim tangent cjuicquam ex rebus 
 veftris inuitis vobis. Cogitate quod homines et ipfi funt. 
 Et fi quare canierint, oramus pro veflra beneficentia, 
 earn vos illis tribuatis, accipientes vicifsim ab eis (juod 
 poterunt rependere vobis. Ita vos gerite erga cos 
 quemailmodum cuperetis vt nos et fubditi noflri nos 
 gereremus erga feruos veRros fi quando tranfierint per 
 regiones noRras. Atque promittimus vobis per Deum 
 omnium qux ccelo, terra et mari contincntur, perque 
 vitam noRram et tranquillitatem regnorum noRrorum, 
 nos pari benignitate feruos veRros accepturos fi ad 
 regna noRra aliiiuando venerint. Atcjue a nobis et 
 fubdids noRris, ac fi nati fuiffent in regnis noRris, ita 
 benigne tractabuntur vt rependamus vobis benigni- 
 tatem quam noRris exhibueritis. PoRcjuam vos Reges, 
 Principes, etc. rogauimus vt bumanitate et benefi- 
 centia omni profetjuamini feruos noRros nobis charos, 
 oramus omnipotentem Deum noRrum, vt vobis diu- 
 turnam vitam largiatur, et pacem quaj nuUam habeat 
 finem. Scriptum Londini, quae ciuitas eR regni noRri. 
 Anno. 5515. a creato mundo, menfe liar, xiiii. die 
 menfis, anno feptimo regni noRri. 
 
 they fjnde there commodious for tlieyr own countreys: 
 Bothe, afwell th.at the people to whom they go, may 
 not bee deRitute of fuch commodities as theyr countreys 
 brynge not furth to them, as that alfo they may bee 
 ])artL'lakers of fuche tliynges wherof they abcjunile. 
 For god of heauen and earth, greatly ])rouydynge for 
 mankynde, wolde not that al thinges Ihulde bee foundc 
 in one region, to th[e]ende that one fluild haue neede 
 of an other, that by this ineanes frend(lii]ipe myght bee 
 ellaiilyfllied amonge all men, and euery one feeke '.o 
 gratifie all. For thieJeRablyffliynge and fiirtherance of 
 which vniuerfall amitie, certeyne men of owre realnie 
 moued hereunto by the fayde defyre, haue inRitute and 309 
 taken v])pon theym a vyage by fea into farre countreys 
 to th[e]intent that betwene owre people and them, a 
 way bee opened to brynge in and cary owt march;; in- 
 dies, defyryng vs to fiirther theyr enterpryfe. A\'ho 
 affentynge to theyr peticion, haue licenced the ryght 
 valiante and woorthy fyr Hughe Wylloby knyght, and 
 other owre truRy and faidiful feruauntes which are 
 with hym according to theyr defyre to go to countreys 
 to them heretofore vnknowen, afwell to feeke fuche 
 thynges as we lacke, as alfo to cary vnto them 
 from owre regions, fuche thynges as they lacke. 
 So that hereby not only commoditie may enfewe 
 both to them and to vs, but alfo an indiffoluble 
 and perpetuall league of frendRiippe be eRab- 
 lyfdied betwene vs bothe, whyle they permitte vs 
 to take of theyr thynges fuche whereof they haue 
 abundaunce in theyr regions, and we ageine graunt 
 them fuche thynges of owrs wherof they are deRitute. 
 \Vee therfore defjre yow kynges and princes, and all 
 other to whom there is any poure on the earth, to 
 permitte vnto thefe owr feruantes, free paffage by 
 yowr regions and dominions. For they fliall not 
 touche any thynge of yowres vnwyllyng vnto yow. 
 Confyder yow that they alfo are men. If therfore 
 they Rial Rand in neede of any thynge, we defyre 
 yowe of all humanitie, and for the nobilitie whiche is 
 in yowe, to ayde and helpe theym with fiich thynges 
 as they lacke, receauynge ageyne of them fuch thynges 
 as they fhalbe able to gyue yowe in recompenfe. 
 SJiewe yowre felues fo towarde theym, as yowe woUle 
 that wee and owr fubiectes fliulde Riewe owr felues 
 toward yowr feruauntes, if at any tyme they fliall palTe 
 by owre regions. Thus doinge, wee promeffe yowe 
 by the God of all thynges that are conteyned in heauen, 
 earth, and the fea, and by the lyfe andtranquilitie of owre 
 kyngedomes, that we wyl with lyke humanitie accepte 
 yowre feruauntes if at any tyme they Rial coomme to 
 owre kyngdomes, where tliey fhall as frendly and gen- 
 telly bee interteyned as if they were borne in owr 
 dominions, that we may hereby recompenfe the fauour 
 and benignitie which yow haue fliewed to owr men. 
 Thus after we haue defyred yow kynges and princes, 
 etc. With all humanitie and fauour to interteyne owr 
 welbeloued feruantes, wee jiray owre almyghty god to 
 graunt yowe longc lyfe and peace which neuer fliall 
 haue ende. Wrytten in London whiche is the chiefe 
 citie of owre kyngedome : In the yeare frome the 
 creation of the worlde. 5515. in the nioneth of liar, 
 the. xiiii. day of the moneth, and feuenth yearc of 
 owre reigne. 
 
 C ^/"•f /eV/ir 7cias wrytten al/o in Grecke and dyuas other languages. 
 
335 
 
 ^m 
 
 
 [The Third English book on America, 
 
 W/jkh is also 
 
 The First English Collection of Voyages, Traffics, c^l' Discoveries. 
 
 €\\t Sccalre^ tsl tltr nrtur toovllrr or totst Kirtiji, tit. 
 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 T 
 
 Other notable things as touching the Indies, 
 
 out of the Writings and Maps of 
 
 Francisco Lopez de Gomara, 
 
 and 
 
 Sebastian Cabot. 
 
 •552-I555-] 
 
 r>,l I 
 
 ^iU 
 
fTr- 
 
 LU 
 
337 
 
 tt OTHER NOTAr3LE TIIYNGES 
 
 AS TOVCHYNGE Till:: INDIES: 
 
 AND FYRST OK TIM': l-ORICKNOWLI^AGK THAT TIIIC I'OICT SI'.Xl'XA HAD 
 of the fyiulyngc tliis ncwc worlde and other regions not then knowen. 
 
 Francisco Lopes. 
 
 O fpokc of tliyngcs that flialbc, longe Ijcfore tliey are, is a kjndc 
 of (liiiination if the truth thereof folowo (.'ffcctually. Nciicr- 
 thelcflie ahhowgh fiich thynges as are fpokcn eyther by ron- 
 iccture, or by th[c]iiifl.incte of nature, or by naturall rcafon, doo 
 oftentyincs fV. place and fuccedc accordyngely, yet are not 
 fuch coniecturc- > bee accoumpleil as ceri.eyne as proiiliefies 
 reueled by the l|)iiite of god, wliich wee ought entieriy to be- 
 leue : but not fo the othtr gathered only by certeine aiipaieiices, 
 fniiilitud' s reafonp and demor ^ .aiions : althowghe it bee greatly 
 fo bee . ...mailed to con'Xi'.cr howe they hytte liie trutiie fiini- 
 tynie : which pciinppes they doo accordyng to the prouerbe 
 that fayth : He liu' fpeakoth much fliall fumtinies (lumble on 
 the truth aH tliis I fpeake confyderynge the fixyinge of the 
 I)oet Seneca in 'lis tragedie of Medea, where his woordes 
 feenie in all poyn e.-> to agree with the difcoiu lynge of the Indies 
 founde of late by Chriflofer Colon ajul the Spanyardes. The 
 woordes of Seneca, are thefe, 
 
 Vcniait aiiuis 
 
 Stcaila/iris, qiiibits Oaaitus 
 Vinciila reium hxii, d iir^aij 
 J\t'i-at M/iis, Tiphifquc iioiiof 
 Detcgat orbcs, 
 Nccfit fcrris vltima Tliyle, 
 
 'I'hat is to faye ; There fliall coomnie worldes in late yeaies, in the whi<lie the Ocean fliall vnlofe the 
 bondes of ti.ynges, and a great lande (liall apiiearc. Alfo Typhis (that is nauigation) (hall difcouer uewe 
 worldes : and Tliyle fliall nut bee tiie furthefl lande. 
 
 C Of the great Ilande li^hich Plato cattlcd Atlantica or Atlautidc. 
 
 He Philofopher Plato wrytethe in his Dialoges of Tinieus and Cricia, that in the owldc time 
 there was in the fea Atlantike oucr agenfl AlTrica, an Ilande cauled Atlanti<Ie greater then 
 AflVica and Afia : afhrmynge that thofe landes are from tlienfe continent and greate ; And 
 that the kynges of that Ilande gouerned a greate parte of Affrica and Kuroi)e. Put that in 
 a certeyne greate earlhei|uake and tenipefl of rayne, this Ilande foonke and the people were 
 drowned : Alfo that t)'ere rcmayned foniuch niudde of thedrownyngc or fynkyngeof that Ilande, 
 that that fea Atlantike . -jnlde not bee fayletl. Sum take this for a fable : and many for a tre<"-e 
 
 EUEN. 2 C ,,7 
 
 I>iiiin.ition. 
 
 Conictlur*. 
 
 I'rt'phcsie. 
 
 So Hn \\\r 
 
 !lio wnrclc* of 
 ScncCiU 
 
 I-' .nde wns in 
 riwidu time c.-iiiled 
 'I'hylc .IS summe 
 thiiike. 
 
 310 
 
 I'latn sayth that 
 
 these kynges were 
 
 llie Minn*:", of 
 
 Nc[mnuis. 
 
 All earlhi|uake. 
 
 •| 
 
 '■■ 
 
 tPri 
 
 i 
 
iMtHHMHB 
 
 33S 
 
 Of /icy notable tJiyugcs as touchyngc the Indies. 
 
 Marcilius Ficlnus. 
 Proclus. 
 
 Mexico or new 
 Spainc* 
 
 Hesperides. 
 
 Capo Vcrdc 
 
 Ophir. 
 
 Tharsis. 
 
 Solimis. 
 
 Lan(lsf<>mi<n>ythc 
 
 C'arthn^incii^cs. 
 
 AristntcII. 
 
 Thcophrasl. 
 
 Intins flcddc to 
 Tharhis, 
 
 The nanigations 
 of Salomon. 
 
 Bcnncio is the 
 Arabiiui sea. 
 
 How coloiirsdyficr 
 by degrees. 
 
 Thecoloiire of the 
 west Indians. 
 
 Pviie[r]s Knrtes nf 
 wtiytu and blackc 
 
 311 
 
 Difierence nf 
 coloure in the 
 sainR clyme. 
 
 Kill de la n.ita. 
 
 Peru. 
 
 RIacke men in 
 
 the west Indius. 
 
 From whence 
 proctTuieth the 
 varietie of colours. 
 
 Gods wyseilnme 
 and puiirc is scene 
 in his workes. 
 
 Citrld hcare and 
 baldnes. 
 
 hyflorie, as doothe Marcilius Fitinus indiicinge Proclus allcagynge ccrteyne hydories of the F,thiopian.s wryttcn 
 by one Marcelliis, who coiifirmeth tlie fame to bee trewc. But there is nowe no caufe why wee flnilde any 
 longer doubtc or difpute of tlic Hand Atlantide, forafmuch as the difcoucrynge and conquefl. of the weft Indies 
 do plainly declare what Plato hath wrytten of the fayde landcs. In Mexico alfo at this day they caul that water 
 Atl. by the halfe name of Atlant, as by a woorde rcmaynynge of the name of the Ilande that is not. Wee may 
 lykewyfe fay that the Indies are eyther the Ilande and firrae lande of Plato or the remanent of the fame: and 
 not the Ilandes of Hefperides or l/[)hir, or Tharfis, as fum haue thought of late dayes. For the Hefperides, 
 are the Ilanden of Cabo Verde and the Gorgonas from whenfe Hanon browght apes: Albeit in conferrj'nge it 
 with Solinus, there is fum doubte by rcafon of the nauigation of fortie dayes wherof he fpeaketh. Afwell maye 
 it bee, that Cuba or Ilayti, or any other Ilande of the Indies, fliuldc bee thofe which the Carthaginenfes founde 
 and forhoilde theyr citifens to make any vyages thyther or to inhabite the fame as Arillotle and Theophrafte 
 doo rehearfe where they wryte of the maruejlous and vnknowen workes of natuic. As concernynge 0|)hir and 
 Tharfis, it is not knowen what or where they bee, althowgh many lerned men as faynt Augufline and other 
 hai;e fearched what citic or lande Tharfis myght bee. Saynt lerome who was e.xiierte in the Hebrewe tounge, 
 fayth in many i)laces vppon the iirojjhctes that Tharfis is as much to fay as the fea : and that whereas it is 
 \vr}tten that loua^^ lleddc to Tharfis, he wente to the fea by a longe iorney. l''urthermore as concernynge the 
 nauigations of Salomon, it is not to bee thowght that his nauics fayled to the wefl Indies, forafmuch as to pade 
 thyther, it was reciuifite for them to fayle Weftwarde departjnge frome the fea of Bermcio : and not Eaftward 
 as they fayled. Agcine, the weft Indi-.-s haue no vnicomcs, elephantes, diamondes, and fuch other thynges as 
 they browght in the trade of their nauigations. 
 
 € Of the colony of the Indians. 
 
 Ne of the manieylous thynges that god vfeth in the compofition of man, is coloure : whiche 
 doubtletfe can not bee confydered withowte great admiration in beholding one to be white 
 and an other blacke, beinge coloures vtterlye contrary. Sum lykewyfe to be yelowe whiche 
 is betwene blacke and white : and other of other colours as it were of dyuers liueres. And 
 as thefe colours are to be marueyled at, euen fo is it to be confidered howe they dyffer one 
 from an other as it were by degrees, forafmuche as fum men are wh)te after dyuers fortes of 
 whytenelTe : yelowe after dyuers maners of yelowe : and blacke after dyuers fortes of blacke- 
 ncffe : and howe from wliyte they go to yelowe by difcolourynge to browne and redde : and to blacke by affile 
 colour, and murrey fumwhat lyghter then blacke : and tawnye lyke vnto the weft Indians which are all togyther 
 in general eyther purple, or tawny lyke vnto fodde quynfes, or of the colour of cheilnuttes or olyues : which 
 colour is to them natural and not by theyr goynge naked as many haue thought : albeit theyr nakednefle haue 
 fumwhat hel[)ed therunto. Thcrfore in lyke maner and with fuche diuerfitie as men are commonly whyte in 
 Europe and blacke in At^rikc, euen with like varietie are they tawny in thefe Indies, with dyuers degrees 
 diuerfly Inclynynge more or leffe to blacke or whyte. No lefib maruayle is it to confyder that men are whyte 
 in Siuile and blacke at the cape of Buena Speranza, and of cheftnutte colour at the ryuer of Plata, beinge all in 
 e(iuall degrees frome the Equinoctiall line. Lykewyfe that the men of Affryke and Afia that lyue vnder the 
 burnte line (cauled Zona Torrida) are blacke : and not they that lyue beneathe or on this fyde the fame line as 
 in Mexico, Yucatan, Quauhtema, Lian, Nicaragua, Panama, Santo Domingo, Paria, Cape faynt Auguftine, 
 Lima, Quito, and other landes of Peru which touch in the dime Equinoctiall. For in al the tracte of thefe 
 coaftes certeyne blacke men were found only in Quarcqua when Vafchus Nunnez of Balboa difcouered 
 the fea of Sur. By reafon wherof it may feeme that fuche varietie of colours proceadeth of man, and not of the 
 earth : whiche maye well bee althowgh wee bee all borne of .Xdam anrl F2ue, and knowe not the caufe why god 
 hath fo ordeyned it, otherwyfe then to confyder that his diuine maiellie hath doonne this as infinite other to 
 declare his omnipotencie and wifedome in fuch diuerfities of colours as appere not only in the nature of man, 
 but the lyke alfo in beaftes, byrdes, and floures, where dyuers and contrary colours are feene in one lyttle fether, 
 or the leaues growynge owt of one lyttle ftalke. An other thyng is alfo greatly to bee noted as touchynge thefe 
 Indians. And this is, that theyr heare is not curlde as is the Moores and Ethiopians that inhabite the fame 
 clime : neyther are they balde excepte very feldome, and that but lyttle. All whiche thynges may giue further 
 occafion to phylofophers to fearch the fecreates of nature and complexions of men with the nouelties of the newe 
 worlde. 
 
 S3* 
 
 ill! 
 
Ill 
 
 other notable ttiyngcs as toncJiyiigc ttie Indies. 
 
 339 
 
 ans wrytten 
 fliulde any 
 weft Indies 
 1 that water 
 
 \Vee may 
 fame: and 
 Hefperides, 
 ifcrrj'nge it 
 ^fwell maye 
 nfcs foiinde 
 I'lieoplirafte 
 ; Ophir and 
 
 and other 
 Bwe tounge, 
 hercas it is 
 -Tnynge the 
 ^ as to pafle 
 ot Eaftward 
 ■ thynges as 
 
 ire : whiche 
 
 to be white 
 owe whiche 
 leres. And 
 ' dyffer one 
 ers fortes of 
 ;s of blacke- 
 cke by afdie 
 
 all togyther 
 .'ues : which 
 idneffe haue 
 ly whyte in 
 ers degrees 
 n are whyte 
 )einge all in 
 e vnder the 
 Fame line as 
 
 Auguftine, 
 .cte of thefe 
 
 difcouered 
 J not of the 
 ife why god 
 lite other to 
 lire of man, 
 yttle fether, 
 hynge thefe 
 te the fame 
 giue further 
 ofthenewe 
 
 IT IF/iy tticy ivere caitlcd Indians. 
 
 IVm thynke that the people of the newe world were cauled Indians bycaufe they are of the 
 colour of the Eafte Indians. And althowghe (as it fcnietli to me) they dyffer much in colour 
 and faffliions, yet is it trewe that of India they were cauled Indians. 
 
 India is properlie cauled that great prouince of Afia in the which great Alexander kepte 
 his warres : and was fo named of the ryuer Indus : and is diuyded into many kyngedonies 
 confynynge with the fame. From this greate India (cauled the Eaft India) came great com- 
 I)anyes of men as wrytcth Herodotus : and inhabited that parte of Ethiopia that lyeth betwcne 
 the fea Bermeia (otherwyfe cauled the redde fea or the goulfe of Arabia) and the ryuer of Niliis : al wliiih 
 regions that great Chriftian prince Prefter lohn dootli now poffcffe. The fayde Indians i)rcuayled fo much, that 
 they vttcrly changed the cuftomes and name of that lande, and cauled it India : Ijy reafon wherof, Ethio])ia alfo 
 hath of longe tyme byn cauled India. And hereuppon came it that Aryftotcll, Seneca, and certeyne other 
 oulde autours fayd that India was not farre from Spayne. After this alfo, of later dayes owre Weft India was 
 fo cauled of the fayde India of Prefter lohn where the Portugalcs had theyr trade. For the pylot of the carucU 
 that was fyrfte dryuen by forcyble wynde to an vnknowcn lande in the Wefte Ocean, cauled the (lime India by- 
 caufe the Portugales fo cauled fuch landes as they had lately difcouered Eaftwarde. Chryftopher Colon alfo 
 after the fayde pylot, cauled the weft landes by the fame name. Allieit, fum that take Colonus for an expert 
 Cofmographer, thynke that he fo named them of the Eaft India, as to be the furtheft and vnknowen ende therof 
 reachynge into the Wefte vnder the other hemifjiherie or halfe globe of the earthe beneathe vs : affirmynge that 
 when he fyrft attem])ted to difcouer the Indies, he went chiefely to feeke the ryche Hand of Cipango, which 
 fauleth on the parte of great China or Cathay as wryteth Marcus Paulus Venetus and other ; And that he 
 flnilde fooner come thyther by folowyng the courfe of the foonne Weftwarde then ageynft the fame : All)eit 
 manye thynke that there is no fuche Ilande, or at the leafte not yet knowen by that name: wheras alfo Marcus 
 Paulus obfcrued no exacte defcription of the place eylher of this Ilande or of Cathay. 
 
 ^ Ttie fyrjlc difconeryngc of t tie IVeJle Indies. 
 
 Certeyne caruell faylynge in the wePs Ocean abowt the roaftes of Spa)nc, had a forcyble and 
 continuall wynde from the Eaft wherby it was dryuen to a land vnknowen and not defcrybed 
 in any mappe or carde of the fea ; and was dryuen ftyl alonge by the coafte of the fame for 
 the fpace of many dayes vntyll it came to a hauen : where in a fliorte tyme the nioft parte of 
 the maryners beinge longe before verye weake and feeble by reafon of hunger and trauayle, 
 dyed : So that only the pylot with thre or foure other remayned alyue. And not only iliey 
 that dyed dyd not inioy the Indies which they fyrft difcouered to theyr myflbrtune, but the 
 refydue alfo tliat lyucd had in nianer as lyttle fruition of the fame : not leauynge or at the leaft not oijenly pub- 
 lyfliynge any memorie therof, neyther of the place, or what it was cauled, or in what yeare it was founde. 
 Albeit, the faute was not tlieyrs, but rather the malice of other, or the enuie of that wiiich wee caule fortune. I 
 doo not therefore marueyle that the auncient hyftories aftirme that great thynges ])roceade and increafe of fmaul 
 and obfcure begynnynges, fyth wee haue feene the fame verefyed in this f)n(lyiig of the Indies being fo 
 notable and newe a thynge. Wee neede not bee curious to feeke the name of tlie pylot fyth death made 
 a fliorte ende of his doingcs. Sum wyl that he came from Andaluzia, and traded to the Hands of Canaria and 
 the Ilande of Madera when this large and mortal nauigation chaunced vnto hym. Other fay that he was a 
 Bifcayne, and traded into Englande and Fraunce. Other alfo, that he was a Portugale : and that eyther he 
 wente or c.ime from Mina or huiia ; which agreeth well with the r .me of thefe newe landes as I haue fayde 
 before. Ageyne, fum there bee that fay that he browght the carauel to Portugnie : or to the Ilande of Madera, 
 or to fum ocher of the Ilandes cauled tic los Azores. Yet doo none of them atVirme any thynge, althowgh they 
 all aflirme that the pylotte dyed in the houfe of Chryftopher Colon, with whome remayned al fuch wrytynges 
 and annotacions as he hadde made of his vyage in the faytlc carauell, afwell of fuch tliynges as he obfcrued both 
 by lande and fea, as alfo of the eleuation of the pole in thofe landes whiche he had difcouered. 
 
 The colnur of the 
 East Indian^ 
 
 Fast India. 
 
 Prester lohn came 
 owt of InJia lo 
 Ethiupc 
 
 Elhyopia cauled 
 1 iidia. 
 
 India not far 
 fruni Spayne 
 
 Prester luhn 
 kntiwcn tu the 
 I'urtugate!). 
 
 At the furthest 
 I Kastc, Ix'gyniieth 
 the west. 
 
 I'hc Hand 01 
 C'ipango. 
 
 [ China. 
 Cathay. 
 To the Kast l)y 
 the \vc.-t. 
 Marcus Paulus 
 Vuuetus. 
 
 A harde 
 hegyiuiyng. 
 
 312 
 
 Grcnt thinjjes 
 proiXMtlyiti; ol 
 snuiiilt: nnil 
 cllJ^Cllr^.* 
 bcyynnyriKf^. 
 The pyliil f that 
 fyrst f«jiiiute ihc 
 Iiiilich. 
 
 Miiia. 
 
 
 iOm 
 
 ■) 
 
340 
 
 Other notable tliyngcs as toiichyuge the Indies. 
 
 fik: 
 
 Thu<; also began 
 
 Kycliard 
 
 cliauncolcr. 
 
 Colon was not 
 much Icnied. 
 
 The Ihnde 
 Allantidti. 
 The lan.lc 
 found iiy the 
 Carthaguiciises. 
 
 313 
 
 Colon conferred 
 with Icriied men. 
 
 Chaunce and arte. 
 A Christian 
 
 The camel 
 
 compared to the 
 ship of Noyc. 
 
 t 
 
 The kynge of 
 Portugale. 
 The kyng of 
 Cxstile. 
 
 Kyiige Henry 
 the bcuciuk 
 
 folde. 
 
 C What mancr of man ChryJlopJier Colon was : and howe he Came 
 fyyjl to the knoioleage of the Indies. 
 
 Hridopher Colon was borne in Cugureo, or (as fum fay) in Nerui, a vyllage in the territorie of 
 Genua in Italic. He defcended as fum thynke, of the houfe of the Pclellrelcs of Placcntia 
 in LumbarJie. He beganne of a chykle to bee a maryncr ; of whofe arte they haue great 
 exercUe on the ryuer of Genua. He traded many yeares into Suria and other partes of the 
 EaR. After this, he became a mafler in makynge cardes for the fea, whereby he had great 
 vantage. Te came to Portugale to knowe the reafon and dcfcription of the fouth coafles of 
 AflVica and the nauigations of the Portugales, thereby to make his cardes more perfecte to bee 
 He maryed in Portugale as fiun fay : or as many fay, in the llande of Madera, where he dwelt at fuche 
 
 tyme as the fayde caruell arryucd there, whofe pylot fuionied in his houfe, and dyed alfo there, bequethynge 
 to Colon his carde of the defcription of fuche newe landes as he hadde founde, wherby Colon had the fyrll 
 knowleage of the Indyes. Sum haue thowght that Colon was well lerned in the I.atine tounge and the fcience 
 of Cofniographie : and that he was therby fyrfl moued to feeke the landes of the Antipodes and the ryche llande 
 of Cipango whereof Marcus Paulus wryteth. Alfo that he had redde what Plato in his dialoges of Timeus and 
 Cricias, wryteth of the greate llande Atlantide, and of a great lande in the Wefl Ocean vndifcouered beinge 
 b)gger then Afia and Affrica. Furthermore that he had knowleage what AriRotell and Theophraflus Taye in 
 theyr bookes of maruayles, where they wryte that certeyne marchauntes of Carthage fiylyng from the Rreyghtes 
 of Gibraltar towarde the wefl and fouth, founde after many dayes a greate llande not inhabited : yet replen- 
 yflied with al thynges requifite, and hauynge many nauigable ryuers. In deede Colon was not greately lerned : 
 yet of good vnderllandynge. And when he had knowleage of the fayde newe landes by the information 
 of the dead pylot, made relation thereof to certeyne lerned men with wliom he conferred as touchynge the 
 lyke thynges mentioned of owlde autours. He communicated this fecreate and conferred chiefely with a 
 fryer, named lohn Perez of Marclicna that dwelt in the monaflery of Rabida. So that I verely beleue, that in 
 maner all that he declared, and many thynges more that he lefte vnfpoken, were wrytten liy the faytle Si)anyflie 
 pylot that dyed in his houfe. For I am perfuaded, that if Colon by fcience atteyned to the knowleage of the 
 Indies, he wolde longe before haue communicate this fecreate to his owne contrey men the Genuefes, that 
 trauayle all the worlde for gaynes, and not haue conime into Spayne for this purpofe. But doubtelelTe he 
 neuer thouglit of any fuch thyng before he chaunced to bee acquainted with the fayd pylot who founde thofe 
 landes by fortune, accordynge to the fayinge ofPlinie: Quod ars doccre noii fiUiiif, aifiis iiiiiaiil. That is ; 
 That arte coukle not teache, chaunce founde. Albeit, the more Chryflian opinion is, to thinke that god of his 
 fip.guler prouidence and infinite goodneffe, at the length with eyes ofcompaffion as it were lookynge downe 
 from heauen vpon the fonnes of Adam fo longe kepte vnder Sathans captiuitie, intended euen then (for caufes 
 to hym only knowen) to rayfe thofe wyndes of mercy whereby that caruell (herein mofl lyke vnto the fliyppe of 
 Noe whereby the remanent of the hole world was faued as by this caruel this newe worlde receaucd the fyrR 
 hope of theyr faluation) was dryuen to thefe landes. But wee wyll nowe declare what great thynges folowed of 
 this fmaule begynnynge, and how Colon folowed this matter reueled vnto hym not withowte goddes prouidence. 
 
 C IFhat labonr and trauayle Colon tooke in attemptyng hisfyrst zyage 
 
 to the Indies. 
 
 Fter the death of the pilot and mariners of the Spanyflie caruell that difcouered the Indies, 
 Chr)n.opher Colon purpofed to feke the fame. But in howe muche more he defyred this, 
 the lefle was his poure to accompliflie his defire. For, befyde that of him felfe he was not 
 able to furnyfflie one Hiyppe, he lacked alfo the flxuour of a kynge vnder whofe protection 
 he might fo enioy th.e riches he ho|)ed to fynde, that none other myght take the fame from 
 hym or defeate hym therof And feinge the kynge of Portugale occupied in the conquell 
 of Africa and the nauigations of the Eafl which were then fyrR attempted, I lie kynge of 
 CaRyle lykewyfe no leffe bufyed in the warres of Granada, he fent to his brother Bartholomewe Colon (who 
 was alfo priuie to this fecreate) to practife with the kynge of Englande Henry the feuenth leinge very ryche 
 
Aline 
 
 terrliorie of 
 of riaccntia 
 liaue great 
 artcs of the 
 le had great 
 til coafles of 
 rfccte to bee 
 clt at fiiche 
 )C(Hicthynge 
 ad the fyrft 
 the fcience 
 :yche llande 
 Timeus and 
 ercd beinge 
 (Ills Taye in 
 ,e flreyghtcs 
 yet replen- 
 tely lemed : 
 information 
 icliynge the 
 .'fely with a 
 evie, tliat in 
 de Spanyflie 
 cage of the 
 .nuefes, that 
 )iibtclelTe he 
 ounde thofe 
 ■/. That is : 
 t god of his 
 ynge downe 
 1 (for caufes 
 le fliyppe of 
 led the fyrft 
 s folowed of 
 prouidence. 
 
 vyage 
 
 the Indies, 
 efyred this, 
 lie was not 
 ; protection 
 
 Hinie from 
 !ie ('on(|iiell 
 e kynge of 
 L'olon (who 
 
 very rjche 
 
 OtJiey notable thyngcs as toitcJiyiige the Indies. 
 
 341 
 
 and withowt warres: promyfynge to brynge hym great rjxhes in fliort time if lie woldc fliew him faiiour and 
 furnyfflie hytn with iliippes to difcouer the newe Indies wherof he had certeyne knowleage. But neyther here 
 beinge able lo brynge his fate to paffe, he caufed the matter to bee nioued to the kynge of Portiigale Don 
 Alonfo the fyfte of that name : at whofe handes he founde neither fauour nor money, forafmucli as the licen- 
 ciate Calzadilla the byfliop of Vifeo, and one mafler Rodrigo men of credit in the fcience of Cofmographie, 
 withfloode him and contended that there neither was nor coulde any golde or other ryches bee founde in the 
 weft as Colon affirmed. By reafon whereof he was very fadde and penfiue : but yet was not difcouraged or 
 defpaired of the hope of his good aduenture which he aftenvard found This done, he tooke fliippinge at 
 Lifburne, and came to Palos of Moguer where he communed with Martin Alonfo I'inzon an expert pylut, who 
 offered hym felfe vnto hym. After this difclofynge the hole fecreatcs of his mynde to lohn Perez of Marchcna 
 (a fryer of th[e]order of (liynt Frances in Rabida, and wel lemed in Cofmograjjhie) and declar)'ng vnto hym 
 how by folowyng the courfe of the fon by a temperate vyage, rich and great landes niyght be founde, the fryer 
 greatly commended his enterpryfe, and gaue him counfoyle to breake the matter to the duke of Medina Sidonia 
 Don Enrique of Guzman a great lorde and very ryche; And alfo to Don Luys of Cerda the duke of Medina 
 Celi, who at that tyme had great prouifion of fliippes well furnyflied in his hauen of Santa Maria. But whcras 
 both thefe dukes tooke the matter for a dreame and as a thynge diuifed of an Italian deceauer wlio (as they 
 thought) had before with lyke pretence deluded the kynges of Englande and Portugale, the fr}'cr gaue hym 
 courage to go to the courte of the Catholyke princes Don Ferdinando and lady Ifabell princes of Caftile : 
 affirmynge that they wolde bee ioyfuU of fuch newes. And for his better furtherance herin, wrote letters by 
 hym to fryer Ferdinando of Talauera the queenes confeffor. Chryflopher Colon therfore. repayred to the 
 court of the Catholike princes, in the yeare. M. CCCC. Ixxxvi. [i486 .\.u.] and delyuered vnto theyr handes the 
 peticion of his requefl as concerninge the difcouerynge of the newe Indies. But they beinge more careful!, 
 and applyinge all theyr mynde howe they myght dryue the Moores owt of the kyngdome of Granade, which 
 great enterpryfe they had alreily taken in hande, dyd lyttle or nothynge elleme the matter. But Colon not 
 thus difcouraged, found the meaui^s to declare his fute to fuch as had fumtymes priuate communication with 
 the kynge. Yet bicaufe he was a ftranger and went but in fanple apparell, nor otherwyfe credited then by the 
 letter of a gray fryer, they beleued hym not, neythei gaue eare to his woordes : wherby he was greatly tor- 
 mented in his imagination. Only Alonfo of Quintanilia the kynges chiefe auditour gaue hym meate and 
 drynke at his owne charges, and hard gladly fuch thyngcs as he declared of the landes not then founde: 
 defyrynge hym in the meane tyme to bee contente with that poore enterteynemente, and not to defpayre of his 
 enterpryfe: puttynge hym alfo in good conforte that he Ihulde at one tyme or other, coome to the fpeache of 
 the Catholyke princes. And thus fliortly after by the meanes of Alonfo of Quintanilia, Colon was browght to 
 the prefence and audience of the Cardinal! Don Pero Gonzales of Mendoza, archbyffliop of Toledo, a man of 
 great reuenues and autoritie with the kynge and cjueene, who brought hym before them after that he well per- 
 ceaued and examyncd his intent. And by this meanes was his fute harde of the Catholyke piinces, who alfo 
 redde the booke of his memorials which he prefented vnto them. And although at the fyrll they tooke it for 
 vayne and falfe that he promyfed, neuertheleffe they put hym in good hope that he fliulde bee well difpatchcd 
 when they had fynyflied the warres of tiranada which they had now in hand. With whi<:li anfwere, Colon 
 beganne to rcuyue his fpirites, with hope to bee better cdcmed and more fauourably to bee h[e]ard amonge the 
 gentelmen and noble men of the court, who before tooke hym only for a craftie felowe and deceauer: and was 
 nothynge difmayde or difcouraged when fo euer he debated the matter with them, althowghe many iudged hym 
 phantafticall, as is the nianer of ignorant menne to caule all fuch as attenipte any thynge beyonde tlicyr reach 
 and the comi)affe of theyr knowleage: thinkyng the worlde to bee no bigger then the cigies wherin they are 
 brought vp and lyuc. But to returne to Colon : So holte and vrgente was the f;ege of Granada, that they 
 prefentely graunted hym his demaunde to feeke the newe landes, and to brynge from thcnfe golde, fyluer, 
 pedes, precious llones, fpices, and fuc he other ryh tlvtiiges. Tli -y gaue hym alfo the tenth parte of all the 
 reuenues and cudomes dewe vnto the kyilg( i;f al fuch landes as he nuilde difcouer, not doynge jireiudice 
 in any thynge lo the kynge of Portugale. I'he ])articiilars of this agrenient were made in the towne caidcd 
 Sancta Fe : ami the ])riuilege of the rewarde, in Granada the. xxx. [thirtieth | daye of Aprell the fame yeare 
 that the citie was woonne. And wheras the fayde Catholyke princes had not mony prefently to difpatch 
 Colon, I.uys of S. Angell the kynges fecretary of accomptes, leiite thcym fy\e ([uentes of niarauedes, whichc 
 in a groffe fumme make. xvi. [sixteen] tlioufande ducades. Two thynges are herein chiefely to be noted : 
 wherof the one is, that for fo finaule ( iiargcs they haue increafed the reuenues of tiie crowne of Callyle as nun h 
 as the Indies are in value. The other is, that endynge the conc|uell of the Moores who ])olVel(ed the 
 kyngedome of Granada eyght himdreth yeares, they immediatly beganne the con<iuell of the Indies, as though 
 the nation of the S])anyardes were euer appoynted to feyght ageynll infidels and enemies of the iayth of lefu 
 Chryft. 
 
 n.imarde knewe 
 nut all thyii^cs. 
 
 The duke of 
 Medina Sidoni.1. 
 
 The duke of 
 Medina CclL 
 
 314 
 
 The conquest 
 of (Jraiiadii. 
 
 What men knnwe 
 not they Lount 
 fantasticall. 
 
 I ("nlon hi.s 
 iiuertcinmente. 
 
 The archhysshop 
 of Tulcdo, 
 Colon is bro\iKht 
 to the kynges 
 pre&eiice 
 
 2 C t 
 
 The tiiflpement of 
 ignorant fulke.s. 
 
 Colon is 
 diNpiitched. 
 
 ( '<>lon his rewarde 
 
 fine qiient is. % 
 
 ftenlhuiulrcth 
 
 tliuusande. 
 
 
 'f 
 
 1! 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 \\.. 
 
 w 
 
 ' . ','1 
 
342 
 
 Other notable t/iyiiges as toitchyiige the Indies. 
 
 315 
 
 The citie of 
 Mexico or 
 Tciiuxlitan. 
 
 Golde and syltier. 
 
 Sylke. 
 
 Cution. 
 
 Alam. 
 
 Woade. 
 
 Sugar. 
 
 Shellcs for money, 
 
 Corne. 
 
 Bcastes. 
 
 Hjuikvng and 
 hunlyiigc. 
 
 Painlynge. 
 
 Women 
 
 sumptuously 
 appareled. 
 
 A warlike nation. 
 
 Cnptiues sacrlficeii 
 to Idolei. 
 
 By this trau.iyle of Colonus in fo noble an cnterprjfe and fo liarde fuccclTe, ilooth the fayinge of I'llnie appere to be mofl trew, 
 wlicr in the preface of liis natural hyllory wryttcn to th[o]emprour Vefpafian he wrilcth in this niancr. Kcs mJua vetiijlis noui- 
 Uiti-in diirc : A'ouis, aii[c]torilatfm : a/i/oh-tis, nitorem ; ohfiuris, luecm : fajliditis, graliam : diihiis, fuicm : omiiibiis vero iiuturam, et 
 mii.'Oic/ua omnia. Itiiqitc eliam non affaiith, Tohiiffc abunJe piihhnim ali/iie mag-iifKum efl. That is to fay : It is a dylTiciiUe thynge 
 to gyue ncu-encs to owlde thynges, autorilie to newc thynges : bewtie to thynges owt ofvfe: fame to the obfciire: faiioure to the 
 hateful!: credite to the doubtefull: nature to all, and all to nature. To fiich neuerthelefle as can not atlayne to all thefe, it is 
 greately commendable and magnificall to haue attempted the fame. 
 
 In the fcu[t]chen of amies gyuen to Colon by Don Ferdinando and queene Elizabeth Catholike princes (fo 
 cauled for theyr warres ageynrt. the infidels) thefe verfes were wrytten. 
 
 For Cajlilla y par Leon, 
 NucHO mundo hallo Colon. 
 
 That is : For Caflile and for Leon, 
 
 The newe worlde founde Colon. 
 
 <r Of ncive Spayne cauled Nona Hi/pan in, of Mexico. 
 
 Ewe Spayne is that parte of the continent or firme lande that lyeth Weft and South frome the 
 lande of Floryda. This was fubdued to th[e]enipire of Caftile by the ryght noble gentel- 
 man Ferdinando Cortefe the marquefle of the vale of Qiiaxaca. In this lande are many 
 prouinces conteynyng in them in maner innumerable cities, amonge which that is the chiefe 
 which the Indians caule Mexico or Temi.xtitan, confyftyng of more then flue hundreth 
 thoufand inhabitauntes. It ftandeth in the myddeft of a lake of falte water as doth Venece 
 in the fea. The lake conteyneth fortie Perfian m)lcs ci: tied Parafange, euery one confyftynge 
 of XXX. [thirty] furlon[g]s, and more as fum fay. In thefe regions is founiie great plentie of golde, fyluer, and 
 precious ftones, with innumerable other thynges both neceflary for the lyfe of man and pleafaunt: as fylke, 
 bombafine cotton, alame, Safferne, Woade, with dyuers other thynges wher^vith clothe and fylke is dyed. 
 Tiiere is alfo fuch abundaunce of fuger, that certeyne Spanyfflie flii[)pcs are yearely fraighted therwith and 
 brynge the fame into Siuile from whenfe it is caryed in maner to all partes of Chryftendome. Th[e]inhabi- 
 tauntes of Mexico are fubtyle people, and vfe much craft in theyr bargening. They haue not the vfe of golde 
 and fyluer monye : but vfe in the fteade therof the halfe flielles of almonds, whiche kynde of Barbarous money 
 they caule Cacao or Cacanguate. In maner al kyndes of corne are there very good [and] cheape : efpecially barly 
 and wheate. They haue reat plentie of hartes, wylde bores, Lyons, Leopardes, and Tygers, which beaftes 
 wander in maner in euery place. The region is mofte commodious for haukynge and huntynge for the great 
 abundaunce it hath of beaftes and foules. But the people exercife all theyr cunnynge in makynge the images 
 of theyr Idolatry, and in paintyng. Theyr woman are valiant : and fumptuotis in theyr apparell and other 
 tyrementes. For they fo rychely frynge and byfet the fame with perles, precious ftones, and golde, that 
 nothynge can be more excellent. They haue a kynde of paper greatly differyng from owrs. In this they 
 exprefie theyr mindes by certeyn figtires. For they haue not othcrwife th[e]ufe of letters. The nation is 
 dolyrous of warre: and dooth not longe keepe the condicions of peace vnuiolated: But delyteth rather in ciuile 
 and moft cruell battayle amonge them felues then to lyue in peace and quietnefte. Suche as in the warres 
 faule by any meanes into the handes of theyr enemies, eyther by fubmiffion or otherwyfe, are partely lacrificed 
 to the Idoles, and the refydue gyuen to tlie fouldiers to bee eaten, in lyke maner as wee rewarde dogges and 
 haukes with parte of theyr pray. They haue innumerable Idoles which euery one maketh for his particular god 
 after the phantafie of his own brayne, and gyueth therto diuine honour. Albeit at this day they doo by lyttle 
 and lyttle leaue of theyr barbarotis fiercenefte; anil with owre religion embrafe better nianers. For they 
 nowe profelTe the fiiyth of Chr)'ft, and in his name pray vnto God the father. 
 
 Vndciflande here that as touchynge thefe regions cauled new Spayne, yow may reade at large in the booke here before eiiliteled 
 of the landcs and Ilandes lately founde. This booke foloweth immeiliatly after the Decades, althowgh the printer haue alfo wrytten 
 the thyrde decade* ouer the heail of tliat booke which intreateth princijially of the regions nowe cauled newe Spayne. Ol the 
 conqtiell of this Mexico, Friincifco Lopez hath written a large booke in the Spanyfflie tounge. 
 
 •Seep. 187.— E. A. 
 
other notable thyngcs as touchyuge the Indies. 
 
 343 
 
 C Of Peru. 
 
 He prouince cauled Peru, was alfo named noua Caflilia by them that fyrde founde it. This 
 region is the weft parte of America: and is fituate in the longitude of. 290. degrees, pro- 
 ceadynge from the Weft to the Eaft. And fouthwarde begynneth fiue degrees beyoride the 
 Equinoctial line, and is extended very farre into the fouth. This is taken to bee the 
 rycheft lande in goldc, fyluer, pedes, precious ftones, and fpyces, that eucr was founde yet 
 to this day. For golde is there in fuch plentie that they make pyfi)ots therof, and other 
 veffels applyed to fylthy vfes. Hut this is more to bee marueyled at, that in a citie cauled 
 Collao was founde a houfe all couered with maffie plates of gokle. In thejr warres alfo theyr harnelTe was of 
 golde and fyluer. Theyr weapons are bowes, arrowes, flynges, dartes, and pikes. Th[e]inhabitantes are 
 warlyke people and of great agilitie. They haue cities defended with lawes and amies. The region is 
 exceadyng friitefuU, and yeldeth come twyfe in the yeare. It is fo tlorjffliynge with many fa)Te wooddes, 
 niountayne.s, ryuers, and other both pleafaunt and neceflary commodities, that it feemeth in maner an earthly 
 Paradyfe. It hath dyuerr. kyndes of beaftes, and yet none hurtfull or of rauenynge kynde. There are flieepe 
 of fuch heyght that tlicy vfe them in the fteade of horfcs. Sunie write that they are as bygge as the younge 
 foles of camels; and that theyr woolle is very fofte and fine. Alfo that the ewes brynge furth lambes twyfe a 
 yeare. The people are wytty and of gentyl behauoure. Cunnynge alfo in artes, foythful of promes, and of 
 maners not greatly to bee difcommended, faue that they are ignorant of Chryft: who neuertheleffe is nowe 
 knowen vnto them in many places, as our hope is he flialbe dayly more and more if all princes wyll herein 
 putte theyr helpynge handes to the plowe of owre lorde, and fende labourers into his vyneyarde. 
 
 C Of the great ryuer canted Rio de la Plata (that is) the ryuer of fylitcr. 
 
 His ryuer reacheth very farre in length and bredth: and is cauled Vniai in the Indian tounge. 
 Into this fauleth an other ryuer named Paraue. The fyrfte that fayled into the ryuer of 
 Plata, was lohn Dias Solis, whom the rj'ght noble kynge of Spayne Ferdinandus made 
 Admyral of thcfe feas. In the ryuer heth an Ilande wliiche lohn Dias named Martinus 
 Gratias bycaufe a pylot of his fo cauled, was buryed there. This Ilande is fituate in the 
 myddeft of the ryuer : and is dyftant from the mouth of the fame abowt fortie leaques. As 
 the Hiyde Admirall attempted to e.xpugne the Hand, he was fuddeynly ojipreffed and flayne 
 of the Indians that priuilie aff.iyled hym. Wherwith neuertheleffe theyr barbarous crueltie was not fatiffyed 
 vntyll they had tome him in piil'es and deuoured hym. But many yeares after, Th[e]emperoures maieftie and 
 kynge of Spayne Charles the fyfte, fente foordi Sebaftian Cabot (a man of great courage and iTvylfull in Cofmo- 
 graphie, and of no leffe experience as concernynge the ftarres and the fea) with conunaundement to difcouer 
 and fubdue the Handes of Tharfis, Ophir, Cipango, and Coi Cathay. Receauynge therfore his commiffion and 
 proceadynge forwarde on his vy.ige, he arryued by chaunce at this Ilande; The caufe wherof was that the 
 principall velTell was loft by ftiipwiacke, and the men that faued theyr lyues by fwymmynge were receauetl into 
 other fliyppes. Perceauynge thetfore that by reafon of this chaunce he could by no nieanes peiforme his 
 vyage attempted, he intended to expugne the fayde Ilande, and thervppon to conueygh his vyttayles to land, 
 to prepare his foldiers to th[e]inuari(>n, to plant colonyes, and to erect fortreftes by tJie ryuers fyde wherhy the 
 Spanyardes myght bee defended from the violence of the barlwrians. But before he attempted this, he was 
 aduertifed that the Ilande was richc in golde and fyluer. Which thynge dyd fo encorage him, that withowt 
 refpect of perel he iliought beft to exi)ugne it by one meanes or other, wherein his bouldenes tooke good 
 effecte as often tymes chaunceth in great atliiyres. Furthermore as touchynge the ryuer, .Sebaftian Cahote 
 made relation that he neuer fawe any comparable vnto this in bredth and depth. For whereas it fauleth into 
 Ibc fea, it conteyneth. xxv. [twenty-fivi'] leaciues in breadth. From the mouth of the ryuer, Caljot fayled vp 
 the fame into the lande for the fpace of three himdreth and fiftie leaques as he wryteth in his owne carde. 
 That it is of great depth, may hereby bee confydered that manye greate ryuers faule into it : fo that the 
 chanell can not bee Ihalowe that conteyneth fuch abundance of water, and fuche |)lentie of good and great 
 fyfThes. For there is in maner no fyfllie in the fea, that is not founde in this ryuer. As foone as the .Span- 
 yards were fet alande, they made a proofe if the foyle were frutfull to beare come. 'J'akynge therelbre fitiie 
 graynes of wheate and commyttynge the fame to the earth in the moneth of September, they gathered therof 
 
 343 
 
 316 
 
 Peril is the 
 rychc'st l.inile 
 tluit i.H kiioiven. 
 
 A house couered 
 with guUi. 
 Harncs of ti<»Me. 
 A frutful region. 
 
 Great sheepe. 
 
 The dewtic of 
 Ctirybiioi) princes 
 
 Paraue. 
 
 lohn Dias Solia. 
 
 The Ilande 
 Martums Gratias. 
 
 The vlnce of 
 Scbii>.ti;ni L'.ibote 
 to the ryuer of 
 Plata. 
 
 Th arsis. 
 Ophir. 
 Ci|»ango. 
 Cathay. 
 
 The ryuer of Plata. 
 
 317 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 .1 
 
 ■i, 
 
 
 % 
 
 ~\ 
 
 \ i. 
 
 ^H 
 
344 
 
 !t .. 
 
 I?; • 
 
 ! I 
 
 HI '■ W 
 
 
 Maruelous 
 fnit fill lies. 
 Mountaynes 
 contcynynge golde 
 aiid syluer. 
 
 Great shecpe. 
 
 Theyr colour. 
 
 Men with 
 derormcd legs. 
 
 Malacha. 
 
 Tachula. 
 
 TSe Ilandcs of 
 Maluclia. 
 
 Tlie Hand of 
 
 Samotra. 
 
 Spyces. 
 
 Calocut. 
 Cedatu. 
 Cathay. 
 China. 
 
 Precious stones. 
 Sylke. 
 
 The way to the 
 1 andes of M.duca 
 by the north ^ca. 
 
 The Spanyardcs. 
 
 Casper 
 Curtebreales. 
 
 318 
 
 Insula 
 Lorttsreaies, 
 
 Sdqwc and Isc. 
 
 Furres. 
 
 Other notable thynges as tonchyugc the Indies. 
 
 two thoufande and fiftie at December nexte folowynge: whciin fume bcinge deceaiied and midakynge the 
 thynge, haue wrytten in the (leade of twoo thoufande and fiftie, fyftie thoufande and two. Tlie like fcrtilitie is 
 there of all other grayne and pulfe. Furthermore th[e]inhabitauntes declared that not farre from that place, 
 ther are great and hygh mountaynes in the which is founde great plentie of golde. And no great diflance 
 from the fame, to bee other mountaynes no leffe frutefuU of fyluer, and many other thynges longe to rehearfe. 
 Th[e]inhabitauntes are paynefuU men, and tyll the grounde diligently, wherin they take great pleafure : and 
 haue therfore great plentie of breade of Maizium. There arc flicepe of futhe byggeneffe that they compare 
 them to younge camels or afles as fum fay. Theyr wooUe is very fine: and nearcR vnto the fyneneffe of fylke. 
 There are alfo beaftes of dyuers kyndes. Anionge men there is this dyffcrence, that fuch as lyue in the 
 mountaynes, are whyte, and for the mofl parte lyke vnto the men of owre regions. But they that dwell abowt 
 the ryuer (as though they tooke theyr coloure therof) are blackyfflie or ijurjile of the coloure of fine Iren or 
 ftecle. This alfo chaunceth to many of them, that theyr fiete and legges are lyke the legs and fiete of the 
 foule cauled the oydreche. 
 
 C Of the hygJier Eajl India cauled India Terccra or Tcrciera. 
 
 y this India whiche the Portugales caule Tercera, are very great kyngcdomes : as the kyng- 
 domes of Bengala, Pegu, I5crma, Erancangui, Daufian, Capelam, and the greate kyngdome 
 of Malacha, cauled of the owlde wryters Aurea Cherfoncfus : whofe chiefe citie is alfo cauled 
 Malacha, and was in owlde tyrne named Tachola. Vndcr this kyngedome are infinite Ilandes 
 cauled Maluche, whereof the principall are thefe: laua the greater, laua the leffe, Polagua, 
 Mendana, Cubu, Cailon, Huban, Bur, Tenado, Anbon, and Gilolo, with infinite other. On 
 the Southwell parte from Malacha, is the great Ilande of Samotra cauled in owlde tyme 
 Taprobana, in the which are the kyngcdomes of Pedir, Biraen, Pazer, Ardagni, and Ham. This Hand and al 
 the other cauled Maluche, brynge furth great tiuantitic of clones, cinamome, nuttemegges, maces, and all other 
 kyndes of fpyccs cxcepte pcpjicr, which growcth in the prouince of Calecut and the Ilande o; Ceilam. All 
 thefe fortes of fpices are caryed to Malacha to bee foulde. But the greatefl parte of them is caryed to Cathay 
 and China; and from thenfe to the north partes of Tartaric. This kyngdome of China, is very great; and was 
 in owlde tyme cauled Sina. Here is founde great plentie of precious llones. The people are very fubtylc and 
 ryche. They are all a|)pareled eyihor in fylke or cloth, or velliircs of other woorkemanfliippc : and are of 
 good ciuilitie. They do not gladly permitte the Portugales or other Rraungcrs to trafike in theyr kyngedome; 
 whofe mode famous place vppnn the fea fyde, is named Cautan, and the fca Machiam, cauled of the owl 'e 
 wr)ters the fea of Sina. 
 
 C 0/ the landes of Labor a dor and Baccalaos, lyinge 7i<ejt and nortJiiveJl 
 from Englande, and bcinge parte of the firme lande of the 
 
 Wefl Indies. 
 
 Any haue trauayled to fearch the coafl of the lande of I.aborador, afwell to th[e]intente to 
 knowe howe farre or whyther it reachethe, as alfo whether thrre bee any paflagc by fea 
 through the fame into the fea of Sur and the Ilandes of Maluca which are vndcr the 
 Equinoctiall line; thinkynge that the waye thythcr fliulde greatly bee fliortcned by this 
 ^■yage. The Spanyardcs as to whofe ryght the fayde Ilandes of fpices pcrteyne, dyd fyrfl 
 fceke to fynde the fome by this way. The Portugales alfo hauynge the trade of (pices in 
 theyr handes, dyd trauayle to fynde the fame; although hethcrto neythcr anye fuch paffage 
 is founde or the ende of that lande. In the yeare a thoufimde and fiuc hundreth, Gafper Cortcfreales, made 
 a vyage thythcr v\ith two carauellcs; but founde not the (Ircyght or paflfage he fought. At his beinge there, he 
 named the Ilandes that lye in the mouth of the goulfc Quadrado, after his name Cortcfreales, lyinge in the. L. 
 [fifty] degrees and more; and browght from that lande abowt three fcore men for flaues. He greatly niarua)lcd 
 to bcholdc the houge quantitie of fnowe and Ifc. For the fea is there frofen exccdyngly. Th[e]inhal)itauntcs 
 are men of good corporature, although tawny l)ke the Indies, and laborious. They jiaynte theyr bodyes, and 
 weare brafelettes and hoopes of fyluer and copper. Theyr apparel is made of the (kynnes of marternes and 
 
 ■•44 
 

 other notable t/tyiiges as toucliyu^e tJie Indies. 
 
 345 
 
 dyuers other beaflcs, wliiclie they weare with the heare inwardu in wynter, and owtwarde in foommer. This 
 apparcll tliey gyrde to theyr bodyes with gyrdcls made of cotton or the fynewcs of fyfflics and bealles. 'I'hey 
 eate fyfflie more then any other thynge, and efpecially fahnons, aUhoiighe they haue foules and friite. They 
 make theyr houfes of timber wherof they haue great plentie : and in the fleade of tyles, couer them with the 
 fkynnes of fyfflies and bcafles. It is fayde alfo that there are grifcs in this lande: and that the beares and 
 many other beafl.es and foules are white. To this and the Ilandes abowt the fame, the iJritons are accuflomed 
 to reforte : as men of nature agreable vnto them and borne vnder the fame aUitude and temperature. 'J'he 
 Norwayes alfo iayled thyther with the pylot cauled lohn Scohio: And the Eiiglyfllie men with Sebaflian 
 Cabot. 
 
 The coafl.e of the lande of Baccalaos, is a greate tracte: and the greatefl. altitude therof, is. xlviii. [forty- 
 eight] degrees and a halfe. Sebaflian Cabot was the fyrfl that browght any knowleagc of this lande. For beinge 
 in Englande in the dayes of kyng Henry the feuenth, he furnyiflied twoo fliippes at his owne charges or (as 
 fum fay) at the kynges, whome he perfuaded that a paffage might bee founde to Cathay by the north feas, and 
 that fpices myght bee brought from thenfe foner by that way, then by the vyage the Portugales vfe by the fca 
 of Sur. He went alfo to knowe what nianer of landes thofe Indies were to inhabite. He had with hyni three 
 hundreth men, and directed his courfe by the tracte of Iflande vppon the cape of Laborador at. Iviii. [fifty- 
 eight] degrees: affirmynge that in the monethe of luly there was fuch could and heapes of Jfe that he durfl 
 palTe no further: alfo that the dayes were very longe and in maner withowt nyght, and the nyghtes very cleare. 
 Certeyne it is, that at the. l.x. [lixty] degrees, the loiigefl day is of xviii. [eighteen] houres. liut confyderynge 
 the coulde and tiie flraungenes of the vnknowen lande, he turned his courfe from thenfe to the Wefl, folowynge 
 the coafl of the lande of Baccalaos vnto the. xxxviii. [thirty-eight] degrees, from whenfe he returned to 
 Knglande. To conclude, the Brytons and Danes haue fayled to the Baccalaos: and laques Cartier a frenche 
 man was there twyfe with three galcons: as one in the yeare. xxxiiii. [thirty-four] and the other in the. xxxv. 
 [thirty-five] and chofe the lantle to inhabite frome the. xlv. [forty-fifth] degrees to the. li. [fifty-firfl] beinge as 
 good a lande as Kraunce, and al thynges therein commune to futh as fyrfl pofferfe the fame. 
 
 Of thefe lands, lacobus Gaflaldus wryteth thus: The newc lande of Baccalaos, is a coulde region, whofe 
 inhabytauntes are Idolatours and j)raye to the foonne and moone and dyuers Icloles. They are whyte peojile 
 and very ruflical. For they eate flcfihe and fyfihe anil all other thynges rawe. .Sumtymes alfo they eate mans 
 flefflie priuilye fo that theyr Caci<iui haue no knowleage therof. The apparell of both the men and woman, is 
 made of beares fl<ynnes, althowgh they haue fables and marternes, not greatly eflemed byraufe they are lyttle. 
 Sum of them go naked in foommer, and weare ajjparell oi,'; in wynter. 'i'he Brytons and Frenche men are 
 accuflomed to take fyfflie in the coafle of thefe lan(li.s wh.ii', is lounde great plentie of Tunnyes which th[e]iii- 
 habitauntes caul Baccalaos wherof the lande w;is fo named. Xorthwarde from the region of Baccalaos, i.s tlie 
 lande of Laborador, all full of mountaynes and great wooddes in whiehe are iiKinye lie;ires and wyide bores. 
 Th[e]inhabitauntes are Idolatoures and warlike people, appareled as are they of Baciallaos. In all this newe 
 lande, is ncyther cilie or caflell : but they lyue in companies lyke heardes of beafles. 
 
 € The difeoHcyyuge of the lande of F/oryda. 
 
 [He gouernour of the I'.ande of Bori(iuena John Ponce of Leon beinge (life harged of his office 
 and very ryche, furnyflhed and fenle foorlh two caruels to feeke the llaiules of Boyuca in tl.j 
 which the Indians aliirined to be a fontayne or Qiringe whofe water is of vertue to make owlde 
 men younge. Whyle he trauayled fyxe monethes with owtragious defyre amonge many 
 Ilandes to fvnde that he fought, and coulde fynde no token of any fuch fountayne, he 
 enured into Bimini and difiouered the lande of Florida in the yeare. 1512. on Eafler day 
 which the Spanyardes caule the floryffliyng day of l':ifcha, wherby they named that lande 
 Florida. And fuppofyng that great ryches myght be browght from thenfe, he returned into Spayne and coue- 
 naunted with kynge Fmlinando as touchynge the trade: and by the interceffion of Nicolas de Quando and 
 Peter Nunez de dufman, the kynge dyd not onely make hym gouernoure of Bernini and Florida, but alfo fente 
 furthe with hym three fliippes from Siuile toward his fecoiul vyage in the yeare. 1515. He touched in the 
 Ilande of Guacana otherwyfe cauled Guadalupe, and fent to lande certeyne of his men with the landreffes of 
 the fhyppes: whom the Canibales lyinge in ambufilie, affayled with theyr inuenemed arrowes: and flaying the 
 mofl parte, caryed away the women. With this euyll begynnjnge, lohn Ponce departed frome henfe to 
 Boriejuen and from thenfe to Florida wher he went alande with his fouldyers to efpie a place mofle commodious 
 to inhabite and plant a colonic. But the Indians commynge furth ageynft hym to defende the enterance, 
 
 Ml 
 
 Fys-shc 
 
 Gryre*. 
 Ik-ares. 
 The brit'iiiH. 
 
 Sebastian Cibot. 
 
 'riie land of 
 
 llaccallaos. 
 'riic vyage of 
 CaU't in the dayet 
 of kyng Hi-nry 
 tile seucikth. 
 
 Ise in luIy, 
 
 Haccallaos. 
 Urytons. 
 Il.incs. 
 Idciiues Cartycr, 
 
 Tile people of 
 liaccaiiau:i 
 
 Fys^liyng for 
 
 tuimyes. 
 
 Lal>urador. 
 
 loliri Ponce. 
 Water of great 
 vertue, of this 
 r<;.ide in tlie 
 HecaJes. 
 
 319 
 
 UunimliiL 
 
 ( Miac'.na. 
 Tlic Canibales. 
 
 Buriquena. 
 
 e, ■ 
 
 »i-V, 
 
 "' 
 
 
 H,!i; 
 
 ;)n 
 
 
346 
 
 Other notable t/iynges as toitcliyiige tJie Iihiies. 
 
 i.f • 
 
 hil!- ■'."■ 
 
 Tho death of 
 lohn Puuce. 
 
 The land of 
 Floryda. 
 
 Fcrdinando de 
 Sota 
 
 The valient 
 myndos of the 
 Spnnyardcs. 
 T.cthyrde 
 nttemptc of the 
 conqucstc of 
 Florida. 
 
 Certeine fryers 
 atlcDiptc the 
 conquest oncly 
 with woprdt:<i, 
 but with euyll 
 succcsse. 
 
 The fryer"; are 
 sUyne and eaten. 
 
 A new kynde of 
 
 disgrading 
 
 320 
 
 Noe gar.e nnmes 
 to Africa, Asia, 
 nnd Europx 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Europe 
 
 The hole earthe 
 ib all llande. 
 
 The Caspian sea. 
 Caliz is a r>"jer. 
 Nauigation* from 
 the red sea to 
 East India. 
 
 aflhyled the Spanyardes fiureccly and flewe and wounded many of them. At which conflicte alfo he hym felfe 
 beinge wounded with an arrowe, dyed (liortely after in the Ilande of Cuba; and fo cndynge lii.s lyfe, confumed 
 a great parte of the rychelTe he had before begotten at faynt lohannes of Bori<iuen. This lohn Ponce had 
 before fayled with Chryflophcr Colon to the Ilande of Hifi)aniola in the yeare. 1493. He was a gentcl fouldier 
 in the warres of thi.s Ilande, and capitayne of the prouince of Higuel for Nycolas de Ouando that conqueded 
 the fame. The region of Floryda is a poynt or cape of lande rcachynge into the fea , ke vnto a tounge: 
 beinge a famous and notorious place amonge the Indians by reafon of many Spanyardes that haue bin flayne 
 there. Ikit wheras by fame this Floryda was eflemed a ryche lande, many valient and noble men dcfyred the 
 concjued therof, amonge whom F'erdinando de Soto (who had before byn a capitayne in Peru and greatly 
 inryched by th[e]iniprifonment of kynge Atahaliba) attempted a vyage thyther with a good bande of men, and 
 fpente fyue yeare in feekynge of golde mynes, fuppofynge that this lande hadde byn lyke vnto Peru. 
 
 In fine, he dyed there and was the deflruction and vndoinge of all that went with hym withowt inhabitynge 
 that lande, in the which the con([ueflours had hytherto neuer good fucceffe, forafmuche as thefe Indians are 
 valiante archers and flronge and hardy men. But the valiant myndes of the Spanyardes not difcouraged by 
 thefe mydiduenture.s, after the death of Fcrdinando Soto, many woorthy gentelmen dcfyred this conquefl in the 
 yeare. 1544. amonge whom was lulyan Samano, and Peter de Ahumada beinge brotheme and men of fuffi- 
 cient abilitie for fuch an enterprife. But neyther th[e]cmprour beinge then in Germanic, neyther the prince 
 Don Phylippe his fonne who gouerned all the kyngedomes of Caflile and Aragonie, neyther yet the counlayle 
 of the Indies wolde in any cafe agree to the conquefle. NeuerthelclTe not vtterly contemnynge the matter 
 which they were partly perfuaded mj'ght otherwyfe bee browght to paffe, they fcnt thyther fryer Luys Cancell 
 of BaUiaRro with other fryers of the order of faynt Dominike who offered them felues to conuerte the nations 
 of that lande from theyr gentilitie to the fayth of Chryfl anil obedience to Th[e]emperoure, onely with woordes. 
 The fryer therfore goinge forwarde on his vyage at the kynges charges in the yeare. 1 549. went aland with foure 
 other fryers which he tooke with hym and ccrteyne maryners withowt harneffe or weapons; vnto whom as he 
 began his prcachynge, many of the Indians of the fayd Florida reforted to the fea fyde, where withowt gyuynge 
 audience to his woordes, they caryed hym Jiway with three other of his companyons and dyd eate them, 
 whereby they fuftcred martyrdome for the fayth of Chryft. The rcfydue that efcaped, made hafl to the fliyi)pe 
 and kciJt them felues for confeffours as fum fay. Many that fauoure th[e]intente of the fryers, doo nowe 
 confyder that by that meanes the Indians coulde not be brought to owre frendefliippe and religion. Neuer- 
 theleffe, that if it coulde fo haue byn browght to pafle, it had byn better. There ca\ne of late from that fliippe, 
 one that had byn the page of Fcrdinando de Soto, who declared that the Indians hanged vp the flcynnes with 
 the heades and crownes of the fayd fryers in one of theyr temples. 
 
 C An opinion tJiat Ettropa, Africa, and Afia, are Ilandes : and of 
 cert cy lie nauigations aboiot tJie fame. 
 
 He anciente wryters diuided this owre worlde into Afia, Africa, and Europa, by the ryuer 
 Tanais as Ifocrates declareth in his Panegyrico. Afterwarde they diuided Afia and Africa 
 by the turnynges and courfe of the ryuer Nilus, thowghe the fame had byn better by the 
 fea Bermeio (that is) the redde fea, which almofle trauerfeth and paffeth throwgh the lande 
 from the Ocean to the fea Mediterraneum which diuideth Europa and Afia. But Berofus 
 the Caldean, fayth that Noe gaue names to Africa, Afia, and I'Airopa; and gaue them to his 
 fonnes, Cham, Sem, and lafet; alfo that he fayled by the fea Mediterraneum ten yeres. In 
 fine we nowe conclude that the three fayde prouinces occupj this mydlande of the worlde. All in generall 
 fay that Afia is greater then any of the other, and in maner as bygge as they both. Albeit Herodotus in his 
 Melpomeme, fcorneth them that make Europe and Afia ecjuall; aftirmynge that F3urope in longitude is equal to 
 Afia and Afrike ; and that it paffeth t'lem in latitude, wherin he fpeaketh not greatly owt of fquare. But to 
 fpeake more of this elfwhere, not perteynjnge to the matter wee haue in hande, 1 fay that Homerus one ol the 
 mofl ancient wryters, fayth that the world which is diuided into Afia, Africa, and Europa, is an Ilande as 
 reherfeth Pomponius Mela in his thyrde booke. Strabo in the fyrfl boke of his Geographie, fayth that the 
 earth which is inhabited, is an Ilande enuironed with the Ocean. Higinius alfo, and Solinus, confirme this 
 fentence, Althowghe Solinus doo erre in miflakingethe names of the feas, fuppofynge that the Cafpian fea was 
 parte of the Ocean, beinge rather lyke vnto the fea Mediterraneum fo named bycaufe it is in the mydlande as 
 is the Cafpian fea withowt participacion of the great Ocean. Strabo wryteth that in the tynie of Tolomeus 
 Euergetes, ©ne Eudoxus fayled three or foure tymes from Caliz to India; And that the guides of the redde 
 146 
 
Othcy notable tJiynges as toiicliyiige the Indies. 
 
 347 
 
 fea (caiilod the goiilfe of Arabic or Dermeio) prefented to the fame kynj;c Tolomeus, an Indian whome he 
 brought frome thenfe. Kynge luba alfo prooued this nauigation from Cahz to India as wryteth SoUnus. 
 Whereby it apjicareth that the nauigation to India by the Ocean was then wel knowen and frci|uentcd, 
 althowgh not fo much as at this prefent, the fame beinge neytlier then or nowe a thynge of great ditficuitie or 
 trauayle by the coafles of hotte regions. Hut to fayle from India to Cahz by the other parte of the north by a 
 clynie and regions of extreme coulde, fliulde bee doubllelTe a difficult and daungcrous thynge, wherof is no 
 memory anionge the owlde autours fauynge onely of one fliyppe as IMinie and Mela doo wryte, reherfynge the 
 teflimony of Cornelius Nepos who affirmed that the kynge of Sueuia picfented to Quintus Metellus Celer 
 Lieuetenaunt of Fraunce, certeyne Indians dryuen by tenipeR intt. the fea of Gernianie; if the fame were not 
 of the lande of Laborador or Bacallaos, and they deceaued in thcyr coloure. For fum fay that lykewyfe in the 
 dayes of the Empcroure Fredericus BarbarolT;!, certeyne Indians were browght in a Canoa from the citie of 
 Lubec in Germanic. Furthermore pope Eneas Syluius wryteth that the Sarmation fea, is as certeyne as the 
 Scythian, Germanian, or Indian fea. Nowe alfo there is great knowleage and experience how the nauigations 
 and i)affage may be attemiJted by Norwaye and other north regions vniler the fame north, and to folow that 
 coafle to the fouth fea of Sur and keepe that courfe by the tracte of China. Olanus Gothus the archbyffliop of 
 Upfalia and borne in Gothlande, hath wrytten muchc of thefe north regions and nauigations by the north fea. 
 In the tract of this vyage by the north fea, are the Ilandes of Iflande and Gnmtlande, althowgh there is doubte 
 whether Grunth^nde be nn Ilande or parte of the firme lande. It is. xl. [forty] leaques, from Lapponia, an(» 
 fumwhat more frome Finmarchia a lande of Scandinauia in Europe. The people of Gruntland are (Ironge men 
 and of coomly flature. They fayle with fmaul fliijipes or baikes couered clofe aboue with lether or beafles 
 hydes for feare of the coulde and fyfflies. Gruntlande as fum fay, is fyftie leaques from the north parte of the 
 firme lande of the Wefl Indies by the lande of I^aborador. But it is not yet knowen whether this land be 
 continent or adherent with Gruntlande, or if there bee any flreyght of fea betwene them. If all bee one firnie 
 lande adioynynge by any parte, then the two great partes of the world feeme to ioyne togyther abowt the north 
 pole or vnder it, or beneth it, forafmuch as it is not pafl fortie or fiftie leaques from Finmarche to Ciruntland: 
 wherby it may appere that althowgh there be any fuch flraight diuidynge them, yet are they ncyghbours and 
 not farre in funder. Furthermore from the land of Laborador by th[e]accom])t of the pilottcs, is abowte foure 
 hundreth leaques to Faial, one of the Ilandes of Azores, otherwyfe cauled the Ilandes of Soria lyinge in the Weft 
 Ocean ouer ageynft Spayne. Alfo by their accompte the lande of Laborador is abowte fiue hundreth leatjues 
 from Irland, andi fixe hundreth from Spayne. 
 
 T/iat the Spanyardcs haue fayled to the Antipodes (that is) fnche as go 
 
 Jiete tojiete ageynjl vs, and inhabite the infcyioiir hctnifphcrie 
 
 Of halfe globe of the cart he, contrarie to th[e~\oppinion 
 
 of the oii'lde wy iters, 
 
 PL the ancient philofophers of the gentiles do deny that there may be any pafTage fi'om owre 
 hemifphere or halfe compaffe of the earth to the Antipodes by reafon of the burnt line 
 (cauled Zciia Torrida) and the Ocean fea lyinge in the mydde way, wherby this vyage (liulde 
 be hyndered and impofTible, as Macrobius wryteth at large in his commentaries vpon the 
 dreame of Scipio. Of the Chrj'ftyan phylofophers, Clemente wryteth that it is not poffible 
 for any man to palTe the Ocean: and other wryters of later tyme, feeme to confirme the 
 fame. In deede I verely beleue that this way was neuer knowen to them, afwell for that 
 euer prefuppofynge the thynge to bee impoffible they neuer attempted it, as alfo that the Indians (whom we 
 caule Antipodes) haue no fliippes fufficient for fo longe and difticulte a nauigation to brynge them knowleage 
 herof, as haue the Spaniardes to paffe the Ocean vnto them: In fo much that at this prefent this vyage is by 
 dayly experience fo well knowen vnto the Spanyardes and Portugales, that they can in maner go thyther blynd- 
 fielde, contrarye to th[e]oppinion of thofe ])hylofophers. I wyll here omytte to fpeake of many fliippes that 
 haue fayled ordynaryly frome Spayne to India, and fpeake onely of the fhyppe Victoria which compafTed abowt 
 the hole globe of the worlde and touched in the landes of two or three Antipodes, and in fine returned to 
 Spayne by a contrary way, wherby is declared the ignorance of the fage antiquitie. In this nauigation, they 
 founde many fecreates, amonge the which this is ftrange and woorthy memorie, that al fuch deade Chrillians 
 as were caft into the fea, lay on theyr backcs and turned theyr faces vpwarde : but the gentyles lay all groouelyn 
 
 The VWTRP to 
 Iiutij by the nurth 
 
 The hystorye of 
 Cuniuliu^ Ncpus. 
 
 Note this. 
 Indians in I.ulicc 
 The Sarniatijm 
 
 SCO. 
 
 Isl.mde. 
 
 GiunUanile. 
 
 I.nppdniii. 
 
 Finni.irchia. 
 
 Gruntlande. 
 
 The (Hstanre 
 frriiii Gruiitl.indQ 
 I<j the l.tnite uf 
 Lahoradur. 
 
 321 
 
 ( Narrowness) 
 ol'thcittrci^iit if 
 it be. 
 
 Tlie Ilnndrs of 
 Hcria, or Azorus. 
 From lalwrador 
 to Irland. 
 
 Macrobiufc 
 Clement. 
 
 The Iiiilians are 
 AiitipuU&k. 
 
 The shyppe 
 Victoria. 
 
 A straungc tl Inge. 
 
 4 
 
 ■5 
 
 
 n 
 
 \s 
 
 Jl 
 
 IK 
 
 vmmmjsiami 
 
 
348 
 
 Other notable tliynges as toitcJiyiige the Iiulus. 
 
 I' I : 
 
 »(t, '• 
 
 L,.yi- ' 
 
 i\^'\y 
 
 Sli.itinwe^ 
 towardc the south 
 
 Thewnne rysynt;c 
 onthury^hlhaiiilc 
 
 The WiiRc of 
 
 Antipodes 
 
 (itiinen. 
 
 The nnrih starrc. 
 
 The needle and 
 
 Ci)[1)p*l.s.sc. 
 
 322 
 
 Septentricmcs, art- 
 the vii. starres. 
 that are sciic by 
 Charles waviie ur 
 the great lH.Mre. 
 Argo of la^un. 
 
 Vlysscs. 
 
 luhii Sebastian. 
 
 Thechicfestpirtet 
 of the shyi<i>e. 
 
 Magves. 
 
 The Spanyarrles 
 and Purtiij^ale-^ 
 Why the needle 
 tiinicth tu the 
 nonh. 
 
 The Hand of 
 Tercora. 
 
 The Hand of 
 Magiietc 
 
 on tlicyr licllyc-s. 'I'licy alfo iiorccaiieil the foonne anil inoonc to kccpc a contrary coiirfe from that they <Joo 
 liere, and euer to cafl the lliadowes of all thyngc-s towarde the fouih: whit he thynj^e alfo was knowen to fum 
 of the owlde wryters, I'or tiiis is nianifelle that the fonne ryfeth on the rygiit hande to theym that lyiie in the 
 thyrtie degrees on tli[e]other fyde tiie ]M|iiinoctiall; fo that lookynge towarde the fonne, they tiirne theyr fates 
 to the nordi: wherhy it appeareih to bee trew that they affinne, They tonfumeil three yeares lackynge. xiiii. 
 [fourteen] dayes in goyngc antl commynge, and lolle a daye in theyr accompte, whereby they dyd eate llefllie 
 on frydayes, and lelebrateil the feafte of Kailer on Mundayes; fo that they ouerleaped a day (not faylynge in 
 the calender) and kept no lull rekenynge of the bifextile. The caiife whcrof whyle fonie haue fearched by 
 piiylofophie, they haue erred more then the maryners. They fayled. x. [ten] thoufantle leaiiucs and. xiiii. 
 [foiirtecn] niyles by theyr accom])te, albeit they lluilde haue gonne leffe, if tiieyr way hadde line ryght forth, 
 liut as they were enforced partely of neceffiiie, and partely to fynde that they fowght, they made many 
 wyndyngcs and turnynges. 'I'liey trauerfed the Etiuinoctiall line fyxe tymes withowt burnynge, contrary to 
 th[c]oi)pini()n of the owlde autours. They remayned fyue monethes in the Hand of Tidore, whofe inhabi- 
 tauntes are Antipodes to theym of Guinea, wherby it is apparentc that wee maye communicate with them. And 
 althowgh tiiey lofl the fygiit of the northe flarre, yet dyd they euer dyrecte tlieyr courfe therby. For beinge 
 in i. \ xl. [forty] degrees of tlie fouth, they fawe the neille of the compaffe flande as directly towarilc the north 
 as it dooth in the fea Mediterraneum : althowgh furn fay that it loofeth his force fumwhat. Abowt the poynt 
 of the Southe or pole Antartike, they fawe a lyttle whyte cloudc and foure (larres lyke vnto a crolTe with three 
 other ioynynge iherunto, whii h refenible owre .Septentrion, and are iudged to bee the fignes or tokens of the 
 fouth exeltre of heauen. (Ireat was the nauigalion of the tleete of Salanion, but greater was this of rh[e]em- 
 prours maieftie Don Charles kynge of Spayne. The Argos of lafon whichc the antiijuitie placed anionge the 
 llarres, fayled but a lyttle way and a fliorte vyage in comparafon of the fliippe Victoria whiche owght woorthely 
 to bee keptc in tlic Arfenall of Siuile in perpetuall '"''mory of fo famous an enterpryfe. The daungiours, 
 jiaynes, trauayles and laboures of Vlyffes were noth)nge in refpecte of fuche as lohn SebaRian fufleyned: 
 whereby in the fcu[t](:hion of his amies in the fleail of a monflrous or inuincible beall, he woorthely gaue the 
 woorlde with this circunifcriiition: PRIMVS CIRCVMDEDIS Tl ME. (that is) Thou art the fyrft. that 
 hath compaffed me abowt. 
 
 As toucliynge the needle of llie conipalTe, I luiio rccMe in tlie Porliiijales naiiipations Hi.it faylynge as farrc fouth as Cap. tie 
 H(pna Speran/a, the poynt of the needle flyll lefpccted the nnitlie as it ilyil on this fyile the Kiiiiinocliall, fauynye that it fumwhat 
 trenibclctl antl iloclyncJ a lyttle, wherby the force feemcd fumwhat to be diminlfflicd, fo that they were fayne to heipe it with the 
 lode flone. 
 
 € Jllio fyrjl foitude the needle of the compajfe, and the vfe thcrof. 
 
 SPeakyngc much of nauigations. it niyght feme a thynge vndecent to omyt to fay fumwhat of the 
 needle of the . lupaffe: withowt the which as all nauigations are but blynde and wantlerynge 
 coniecturcs, euen fo flnilde the Indies neuer haue bynne founile but by heIpe of the fame, 
 forafmuche as the fliip[)cs fliulde haue byn lofl in the Ocean, were it not that theyr courfes 
 were tlirected by the needle and compaffe, which owght therfore to be coinpted the chiefe 
 partes of the fliyppe and principall inRrumcntes of faylynge. The fyrft that founde the needle 
 and the vfe therof (as Blondus and Mapheus Girardus doo wryte) was one Flauius of Malpha 
 a citie in the kyngdome of Naples, of whome the Neopolitans glory to this day: and that by good reafon, for- 
 afmuch as a citifen and neyghboures chylde of theyrs, was the fyrft fynder of fo commodious and profytable a 
 thynge, to the fecreate wherof fo many excellente wyttes as were before hym coulde not attayne, althowgh they 
 hadde both iren and the lode ftone (cauled A[a;:^ncs) whiche are the materials of the needle. Next vnto 
 Flauius, the chiefe ctjmmendation is dew to the Spanyardes and Portugales by whofe daylye experience, the 
 faine is browght to furtiier perfection, and the vfe therof better knowen : althowghc hytherto no man knoweth 
 the caufe why the iren touched with the lode ftone, turneth euer towarde tlie north ftarre, as playnely appeareth 
 in euery common dyall. In maner all wryters attribute this to a fecreate and hyd propertie, fum of the north, 
 and other of the mixture or naturall temperature of elementes that is betwene iren and the fayde ftone. If it 
 bee the projiertie of the north or north ftarre, then (as the pylots make theyr rekenynge) neyther fliulde the 
 needle make anye chaunge or dyffer in northeftinge, (as in faylynge northeaftc withowt the Ilande of Tercera 
 beinge one of the Ilamles of Azores or Soria anil two hundreth Icaques from .Spayne towarde the Weft Eaft- 
 weft) neyther yet fliulde it iofc his ofiice (as fayth Olanus) in paffynge from the Ilande of Magnete, that is, the 
 Hand of the lode ftone, which is vnder or neare abowte the northe pole. But howe fo euer it bee, or what fo 
 euer bee the caufe, trewth it is that the nedle turneth euer to the north although wee fayle abowt the fouth. 
 343 
 
OtJio' notable i/iyiigcs as toitcliytigc the Indies. 
 
 349 
 
 We owglit tlicrt'ibrc to vndcrflandc tli.it tho lode flonc (whiche wee f.ilfely caulc the adamant) hath heade, ficte, 
 and alfo amies as fiiiii fay. The ireii that is rui)l)eil with the heade, neuer ccafcth to tiirne dyredly towarde 
 the north, as is to fee in the dyals that are made to the fooiine. 'i'he nibliyn^ie of the ficte feruelhe for the 
 fouth; as doo lykewyfe the other parte.s, for other ([uarters and jioyntes of lieauen. 
 
 Note here ihat yf a. piece of this flone, of the liyf;(;eiRn"e of an i-;;t;e or .i Halmille, or mcire or leiTc, !>i-e liroken into ni.ir\ye 
 Imaulc pieces as byt'g" as dyce or IcITe, yel cuery of thofe fniaulc picfes, halli heailile, foole, ami amies, as Is fayile here before. 
 
 C The Sitnacion and byggencs of the earth. 
 
 [T may to funic feeme a vaine thyng to feke the fitiiacion and byggencs of the earth, 
 although it bee eafy to knowe, forafmuche as it is fituate in the niyddefte of the 
 worldc as the center of the fame, beinge enuironed and as it were borne vp of the fea 
 which compafieth it abowt. Mela fayth that the pyllers tiiat fulleyne it, are l'!a(le, 
 Wefl, North, and South; which fayinge Dauyd confirnieth in the C vi. [io6th] pfahiie. 
 'I'hefe foure are the niofl notable pyllers or furtentacions that the earth hath in heauen, 
 accordynge to the motions wherof, all vyages are ruled on the eartlie, fromc whenfe they 
 haue theyr original], as engendered of the dyuers qualities of vapourcs and exhalations rayfed by the fonne 
 and othcrwyfe. Eratodhenes put none other fuftentacions then the north and fouth poles, and partetli the 
 earth by the courfe of the foonne : which particion Marcus Varro dooth greatly conimende as agre.ible to reafon. 
 'J'he poles are firme and inimouable as an exeltre abowt the which the heauen nioucth and is therby fufleyned. 
 They furtliennore declare vnto vs vnder what parte of heauen wee bee, liowe farre, and which way wee go, 
 with alfo the largenes of heauen and commenfuration of the earth. As for exeniple : the llreyght of Gibraltar, 
 (accomptynge from S[)ayne) is from the north, or to fpeake more jilaynely from the [joynte of the earthe that is 
 or may be directly vnder the north pole, abowt. liiii. [tifty-four] degrees which make. ix. hundreth and. Ixxx. 
 [980] leaiiues according to the common coinputacion of the Cofmographers and Aflrononiers : And is A am the 
 Etjuinoctiall line, xxxvi. [thirty-fix] degrees: which added to the other, liiii. [tifty-four] make. [lx]xxx. [ninety] 
 degrees, beinge the hole diRance from the north jioynte to die Kquinoctiall line diuydynge the earthe by the 
 niyddelle, and the quarter or fourthe parte of the hole circumference of the earth : the whiche how great it is 
 in compaffe and how many lea(|ues or myles it conteynelhe, is eafy to perccaue accomptynge euery degree. Ix. 
 [lixty] myles. But that yowe may the better perccaue wliat degrees are, I haue tliowght good to fpeake fumwhat 
 more hereof. 
 
 C IVhat degrees are. 
 
 N the owlde tyme theyr nianer was to meafure the earth and the woorlde by furlongcs, pafes, 
 ari' fiete. as is to reade in Plinie, Strabo, and other wryters. But after that Ptolome founde 
 degrees a hundreth and fiftie yeares after the death of Chryfl, that maner of accompte was 
 receaued as the befl. Ptolomie diuided all the hole body and face of the land and fea into 
 three hundreth and fixtie degrees of length or longitude : and other as many degrees of brcdth 
 or latitude : fo that the hole globe of the baule beinge rounde, conteyiieth as much in latitude 
 as longitude. He affigned lykewyfe to euery degree three fcore myles, whiche make. xvii. 
 [feuenteen] .Spanyfflie leaciues and a halfe : In fuch forte that the globe or baule of the earth meafure<l tlireclly 
 by any of the foure partes of the fame, conteyneth in circuite fyxe thoudmd and two hundreth leacjue.s. 'I'liis 
 computacion and meafurynge, is fo certeyne, that as it is approued of all men and founde trewe by experience, 
 fo much the more is it to bee commended and had in admiration for that tli[e]inueiuion hereof was iudged fo 
 dyfficult by lob and the preacher, that no man had founde the meafure of limites of the fame. Fhey name 
 thofe degrees of longitude, that they accompte from foonne to foonne by the Equinoctiall line which reachelh 
 from the Eaft. to the WeRe by the myddle of the globe or baule of the earth. Tliefe can not well be obferued, 
 forafmuch as in this tract of heauen, there is no fyxt or permanent figne whereunto the pylots maye di'ecte 
 theyr eyes or inRrumentes. For the foonne, althowghe it be a nioRe cleare ligne, yet doothe it dayely chaunge 
 the place of ryfynge and faulynge, and keepethe not the fame courfe the day folowynge as the ARronomers 
 affirme. And althowgh there is no number of them that in trauaylyng Rraiige landes and fcas haue fpent theyr 
 gooddcs and almoRe theyr wyttes to fynde the degrees of longitude without errour as are found the degrees of 
 latitude and heyght, yet is there none that hytherto hath any trewe knowleage therof. The degrees of latitude 
 or altitude, are they that are accompted from the north pointe to the fouth, the commenfuration or mcafuring 
 
 N-'ic the qiLirt^rt 
 
 323 
 
 Tilt* srx 
 The wymlcs 
 
 The po!c5. 
 
 The niM«ttr\'n;;p 
 the rirciiinrcrcin-e 
 uf the e;iith 
 
 Pio!nme founde 
 (.leg rues. 
 
 I.nn[;itti(Ic aiiJ 
 Lutitudu. 
 
 A degree. 
 
 Dei;rees of 
 I.un>;itiide. 
 
 Tlic deKrt'e.s of 
 [.nii^vliKlc are nut 
 knuweii. 
 
 The degrees of 
 latitude. 
 
 i 
 
 \i i, 
 
 ■.% 
 
'I. 
 
 .li. 
 
 I'Jt \ 
 
 ■I ' 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 VVi 
 
 ;^i 
 
 »'<;: 
 
 350 
 
 324 
 
 The north ittarro. 
 
 The circiiilc of 
 the tttrtlk 
 
 The niferlor 
 heminiiheno. 
 
 HyperlKircL 
 HypcrnociL 
 
 The eye is 
 deccaucd. 
 
 AnTge. 
 A circle. 
 
 O/Z/tT notable tliyu(^cs as toiicliyngc the Iiuiic!^. 
 
 whcrl)y, is mod ccrtcinc by rcafon that the north ftarre is |)ermanc[nt] and rcmayneth ftyll in one place, or at 
 lead moiii'th aliowl the polo which is thcyr liriiie and (Icdfall ligiic whcrby thoy accomptu thcyr degrees and 
 directe thcyr vyages. liy the degrees therfore ace onuited hy tiiefe moll certeine fignes, is vnfaylably meafiired 
 the Iiole circiiinfercnce of the lande and fea, diiiydynge the fame into foure e(iuall partes in this maner. l''rom 
 the north j)oynte to the I'.iiuinoctiall, are. Ixxxx. [nimlyj degrees : and from the l''-i|iiinoctiall to tlie foiitii 
 poynt, other. Ixxxx. [ninety.] Ageyne on the contrary fide, from the foiith poynt to the l''.(|iiinoctiall, are other. 
 Ixxxx. [ninety] degrees : and from the Ivjiiinoctial ageyne to the north poynte, are as many. This may we 
 coniectiire by good reafon afwell of tii[e]inferioure hemifphery wherof a great parte is knowen vnto vs by the 
 nauigations of fuch as haiie jjafp a the (Ireyghets of Magellaniis anil the cape of Hona Sjjcranza, althowgh we 
 haue noo fuch cicare and manifell relation as we ought to haue of the lande vnder the fouthe ])ole beinge the 
 other cxeltree of the worlde whofe fyght we lacke. For (as IlLTodotus fayth) yf there bee any lanile of the 
 Hyperboreans (that is fuche as are vniler the north) ther is alio of the hypernotios, that is fuch as are vnder 
 the foutii : which perhappes are they that lyue in the lande of the (Ireyghtes of Magellanus as nere vnto the 
 other jiole. Hut what thefe landes are, or of what grealnes we can haue no certeyne knowleage vntyl fum man 
 flial haue compalTed abowt the lands vnder the fouth pole as did lohn Sebaflian the circumference of the Eijui- 
 noctiall line. 
 
 Thcfti laft aiinotacions of the Indies, haue I tranflatcd owt of the bookes of Francifcus 
 Lopes, wrytten in the Spanyfllie toiinore to Th[eJenipcrours maicflic: and partly alfo owt 
 of the carde made by Sebaflian Cabot 
 
 C A dcnionjlnitioii of the round cucjfe of the Earth. 
 
 Any ignorant men tliynke that the carthe is not rounde onely by ividj^e- 
 niente of the eye which is deccaiied in manye thynges not only of the 
 woorkes of natui'e, but alfo of fuche as are doonne by the flight and arte 
 of man For they fay : Howe can it bee rounde forafmuche as thowgh 
 a man trauayle neucr fo farre eyther by land or fea, he fecmeth euer to 
 paffe as it were by a ryght line without any fuch circuite or compaffynge, 
 afcendynge or difcendyiige, as perteyneth to all the partes of a rounde forme. The 
 which obiection, as it is grofe and fimple, proceadyng of the narowneffe of the vnder- 
 ftandyng of fuch as can not conccaue the large circuinlerence of the lande and fea, euen fo 
 may it be anfwered with this fimple demonflration. In a rynge that feriieth for the fynger 
 of a mans handc, the fpace of halfe an ynche or lyttle more, is halfe a cyrcle. But in a 
 rynge or cyrcle of bygger circumference, as in the hoope of a tubbe, halfe an ynche 
 appeareth in maner a ryght line, althowghe it bee not fo in deede, forafmuch as it is not 
 poffible for any parte of a circle to confift of a ryght line, neyther any parte of a line to 
 confyfl; of a cyrcle, fithe the partes mufl nccdes bee conformable to the hole, confyflynge 
 of fuch vniforme partes as are in mathematicals. But not to wander to farre in thefe 
 fubtylties, the greater that yow can nagen the circle to bee, fo fliall a greater parte 
 therof feeme a ryght line or playne fi me : As for exemple, imaginynge a circle whofe 
 diameter (that is meafure from fyde fyde) confyflcth of a myle : in this circle a pole 
 
 le, as yowe may otherwyfe multiply of the like 
 
 large circumference of the earth well confydered, 
 
 then the eye of man conceaueth, may feeme to 
 
 length 
 
 or more, may feeine a ryght 
 infinitely : wherby it flial appere that tl" 
 a muche greater parte of the circle ther 
 bee a ryght line, and he contynually to valke vppon a playne forme forafmuch as euery 
 part of a circle is lyke vnto other as 1 haue fayde. This may fuffice for a fimple and 
 briefe demonflration and induction for fuche as are defyrous to feeke furth to knowe the 
 truth herof. 
 
 1^ if 
 
other iiotab/c thyiigcs as /ouc/iyngc ihc Indies. 
 
 351 
 
 € What credit oiviyht to bcc gyiicn to wryters as touchy iigc the woor/ccs 
 
 0/ Nature. 
 
 I le mofle aiincient wrytcr Diodonis, Siculus, in the fourth bookc of his Biblio- 
 thcca, wrytcth in this inancr. If any man for the maruclous (Iraungcncs and noui.ltie of 
 fiuhe thinges as are defcrybcd in owre bookes, wyl not pirliappes gyue credyt to owre hyllorie, 
 let bym with ryght iudgement confider the difference th.it is betwene the ayer of the Scythians 
 and theTrnglodytes coni|)ared to owres, and he fliail tiie eafelyer perceaue the woorkes of nature 
 and approue owre wrytyngcs. For owre aycr dyffereth fo nni< h from tlieyrs, tliat it myght 
 feenie incredible if exiierience were not more cerieyne then doubtfull reafon. In fmne regions 
 the coidde is fo extreme that greate ryuers are fo frofen, that laden cartes and armies of men pafTe ouer the 
 iinniouable ife. Wine alfo and other moill thynges are fo conieled that they may bee cutte with knyues. But 
 this is more manieylous, that th[e]extreenie ])aries of fiichc apparell as menne weare, arc fo bytten witii collide 
 that they funle of. Mens eyes are alfo dymnied : the fyre gyueth not his natural bryghtneffe : and brafen 
 veflelles and images are broken. Sumtii •,• by reafon of thickc cloudes, thunders and lyghtnynges arc neyther 
 feene or harde in fuch regions. Many other thynges more marueylous then thefe hath nature wrought, which 
 may feeme incredible to the ignorant : but eafy to fuch as haue experience. In the furthell partes of Kgypt and 
 'IVogloditica, the heate of the foonne is fo extreme abowt noone, that noo man can fc hym that llandeth by hym, 
 by reafon of the thicke ayer caufed by the vapoures and exhalations rayfed by the heate. None can go withowt 
 flioos but haue theyr fiete fuddeynly blyRered and exulcerate. Such as are a thyrfl, dye inimediatly oxccpt 
 they haue drynke at handc, the heate fo fafle confumeth the moyflure of theyr bodyes. Meate put in brafen 
 veffelles, is fodde in fliort fpace by the heate of the foonne withowt other fyre. Yet they diat are borne and 
 browght vp in fuch regions, had rather wyllyngely fuileyne tiiefc incommodities then bee inforced to liue other- 
 wyfe : fuch a loue of theyr natiue countrey hath nature gyuen to all men: cuflome of continuance from younge 
 ycares being alfo of force to ouerconime the malicioufnefle of the ayer. NeuorthelelTe, tl'efe places of fuch con- 
 trary natures wherby fiiche llrange ellfectes are caufed, are not farre in funder or tliuided by any great diflance. 
 l'"or, from the maryfflies of Meotis or Meotides where certeyne Scythians dwell in extreme coulde, many haue 
 fayled with fliyps of burden to Rodes in the fpace of ten dayes : and from thenfe to Alexantlria in foure dayes. 
 From whenfe paffynge throwgh Egypte by the ryuer of Nilus, they haue arryued in Ethiopia in other tenne dayes '■ 
 So that the nauigation from the couldefl partes of the workle to the hottefl regions, is no more then, xxiiii. 
 [twenty-four] continuall dayes. Where as therefore the varietie of the ayer is fuch in places of fo fmaule diflance, 
 it is no marueyle that the cuflomes and maners of lyuynge of the people of thofe regions, with the complexions 
 of they.' bodyes and fuch thynges as are engi ndered there, do greatly dyffer from owres. 
 
 329 
 
 The iliuersitie of 
 aycr in dyucrs 
 
 legions 
 
 Extreme coldt. 
 
 Extr«m« heat*- 
 
 The force of 
 eductflioD. 
 
 Extreme heale 
 and colilc in A 
 smulc di.stance. 
 
 Frnin Scyitua 
 to tthiuijiu. 
 
 m 
 
 ) 
 * I 
 
 ^1 
 
 -.< i" 
 
 :|i 
 
 r^m.»f'. 
 
:iP': 
 
 ti 3 
 
 i mmm v- wiw iiiii w i j i n w I 
 
 1 
 
353 
 
 [The Third English book on America, 
 
 W/jich is also 
 
 The First English Collection of Voyages, Traffics, & Discoveries. 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 Vannuccio Biringuccio. 
 
 Pyrotechma. 
 
 First printed in I540'] 
 
 
 ■S 
 
 i 
 
 ii' 
 
 Edin 
 
 iD 
 
 ^^Mi 
 
mmam 
 
 
 ■if) i 
 
 1 1 
 
 ii % 
 
 m' 
 
 'i! \ 
 
 vl 
 
 I'. .■ : '■' 
 
 
 li 
 
i 
 
 The preface. 
 
 355 
 
 H The preface to the booke of Metals. 
 
 this booke of the Indies and nauigations I haue thowght good 
 to adde the booke of meials, for three caufes efpecially me 
 mouynge : whereof the fyrfl is, that it feemeth to m". a thynge 
 vndccent to reade fo much of golde and fyluer, and to knowe 
 lyttle or nothynge of the naturall generation thereof, beinge 
 neuertheleffe thynges not oncly mofl defyred, but alfo fuch with- 
 owt the which at this age the lyfe of man can not bee paffed ouer 
 without many aduerfities, forafmuch as pouertie is hateful! to all 
 men.andvertue nofurther efteemedthenit isfupported byryches, 
 fyth nowe that ladythat reigned inSaturns dayes, is becommethe 
 flaue to hyni that was then her bondeman in that go' 'in worlde, 
 fo named, not for the defyre that men had to golde, but for 
 th[e]innocencie ot lyuynge in thofe dayes, when Mars was of no 
 poure,and men thought itcrueltie by brenkynge thebones of owre 
 'W'mr^-^ i>^S-^-^=?^— ~^^= ^^ -^^c — ::^i^ ; \M mothertheearth.toopenawayto the courte of infernal Plutofroni 
 ^t"t il:i-r 1 it HAT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I iTfl thencetoget golde and fyluer the feedes of almifchiefesandangels 
 
 of fuch a god, whom the antiquitie (not without good confydera- 
 tion) payntcd blynde, afTirmjTige alfo that of hym golde and fyluer haue receaued the propcrtic to blynde the 
 eyes of men. But fyth it is nowe fo that we flialbe inforced to feke ayde by that which was fumtymes a niyf- 
 chefe, it refleth to vfe the matter as doo cunnynge phifitians that can mynifler poyfon in proportion with other 
 thynges in fuch forte qualyfyinge the malicioufnelTe therof, that none fliall therby bee intoxicate. Forafmuch 
 therfore as goUle and fyluer haue obteyned this prerogatiue that they are fuche necedlirie euyls which the lyfe 
 of man can not lacke withowt detriment, not only they but other metals alfo perhappcs more neceflarie altliowgh 
 not fo precious, are thynges woorthy to bee better knowen then only by name, fyth they are th[e]inn.runicntes 
 of all artes, the prices of all thynges, the ornanientts of al dignities, and not the leall jiorlion of nature, whcrby 
 the contemplation of them is no lelTe picafaunte then ncceffary. lUit forafmuch as it is not here my intent to 
 intreate much of metals, I wyll fpeake of the feconde caufe : which is, that if in trauaylyng ftrang[e] and 
 vnknowen countreys any mans chaunce flialbe to arryue in fuch regions where he may knowe by tli[e]informati(in 
 of th[e]inhabitauntes or othcrw) fo, that iiiche regions are fmtefull of riche metals, he may not bee without fum 
 judgement to make further fearche for the fame. The tliyrde caufe is, that althowgli this owre realnie of Kng- 
 lande be ful of metals not to bee contemned and much rycher then men fujiiiofe, yet is there fewe or none in 
 Englande that liaue any greate Ikyll thereof, or any thynge wrytten in owr tounge, whereby men maye bee well 
 inftnicted of the generation and fyndyng of the ftime : as the lyke ignorance hath b)n amonge vs as touchynge 
 Cofmographie and nauigations vntyll I attempted accordinge to the jiortion of my talent and fmiple lernynge to 
 open the fyrll (lore to the enteraunce of this knoweleage into owre language, wherin I wolde wyihe that other 
 of greater lernynge wolde take fume peynes to acconiplyflbe and brin^e to further [jcrfection that I haue rudely 
 begunne, not as an autour but a tranllatoure, leafle 1 bee iniurious to any man in afcrybyng to my felfe the 
 trauayles of other. And wheras as concernynge the knowleage of metals, I was once mynded to haue tranflated 
 into Engly'.he the hole woorke of Pyrotechnia wherof I fynyflhed. xxii. [twenty-two] chapitures nowe more then 
 three yeares fence, and lefle the copie therof in the handcs of one of whome I coulde neuer get it ageyne 
 (omyttynge to fpeake of other ingratitudes) I was therby difcouraged to proceade any further in that woorke. 
 Neuerthelefie, fytlie this hyllory of the Indies hath miniflred occafion to intreate fumwhat of metals, I haue 
 ageyne tranllated three of the fyrrt. chapitures of that booke, which feeme mod neceflliry to bee knowen in this 
 cafe. And hereof to haue fayde thus much in maner of a jireface it may futtiee. 
 
 m 
 
 326 
 
 li 
 
 
 \r 
 
 «^ ' — ■ 
 
356 
 
 It M 
 
 Jl ^ 
 
 3< 
 
 The minern! trcs 
 
 The myrcs doo 
 growe. 
 
 Mnrchasites. : 
 
 Signes of metals. 
 327 
 
 Stjjnes and lolcrns 
 uf ineuU. 
 
 OF THE GENERATION OF METALLES AND 
 
 THEIR MYNES WITH THE MAXER OF FYNDINGE THE SAME: 
 
 WRITTEN IN THE ITALIEN TOVNGE BY VaNNVCCIVS BiRJNGVCZIVS 
 IN HIS BOOKE CAVLED P YROTECHNIA. 
 
 To his louynge frcnde Mafter Bernardino Monccllefc, greeting. 
 
 ereas I promyfed yow to wrytte of the natures of nictalles in 
 particular, I am nowe inforced to declare euery thinge in generale, 
 and efpecially of the places of their generation and their order, 
 with the forme and maner of woorkynge in the fome, and the 
 inflrumentes therto perteyninge. Yowe fluiU therefore vnder- 
 ftande, that mynes of nietallcs are founde in the molle partes 
 of the worlde, more or IclTe according to the diligence of witti 
 fearchers: and fhew them fchics flandingc in the grounde in 
 maner in fuche forte as the veynes of bludde are difparfed in 
 the bodies of lyuing bcalles, or like vnto the Ijraunches of trees 
 fpredde foorth diuers wayes. Wherfor, the diligent fearchers of 
 mines, willing by a certcyne fimilitudc declare howe the mynes 
 are placed in the mountaynes, haue figured a greate tree full of 
 branches planted in the myddefte of the bafe of a mountayne, 
 frome the whjche are diriued dyuers and many bouwes and 
 branches, fum greate and fura fmaule, mucjie like vnto verye 
 trees that are in owlde woddes. They will alio that in growynge, 
 they euer ingrofe them felues and reache towarde the heauen, conuertynge into theyr nature the mofle <lif[)ofcd 
 and neare matter, vntil the toppes of theyr braunches extend to the higheft parte of the mountayne, and there 
 fliewe furthe theyr felues with manifefle apperaunce, puttinge furthe in the fleade of bouwes and floures, 
 certeyne funiofites of blewe or greene coloure, or marchafites with fmaule veynes of ponderous matter, or fuche 
 other com|)ofitions of tinctures. And when by this means they fliewe them felues vnto us, we may make firme 
 cnniecture that fuche mountaynes are minerall, and that accordinge to the demonflrations they fliewe more or 
 leflV, they are richer or porer of myne. Therefore the fearchers, according to th[e]ap))eraunces which they 
 fynde, take good courage vnto them: and with hope and fecuritie of profecte, apjily al their pofTible diligence 
 with witte and ex])enfes to digge or gctte owte fuche thynges as the fignes anil owtewarde apperaunces declare 
 vnto them. And by this maner of fyndinge of mynes, it hath often tymes chaunced that many haue byn 
 exalted to the highefl degree of riches. Wheras therfore by this nieanes men enter into the mountaynes with 
 the ey[e]s of confideration and right ludgeniente, and fee the jilaccs where the mineralles are ingendered and 
 com|)relien(le in maner theire quaiititie, they adapte theyr caues or folfes accordynge therevnto, wheras they 
 fluikle otherwyfe wander by chaunce, becaufe no man can by any other meanes knowe where the mines are in 
 the mountaynes, although he were of neuer fo good iudgement, and fliulde make fearche for the fame neuer fo 
 curyoufly by liile and lido. It flial therfore in this cafe be neceffary to folow the certificat and aperaunces of 
 fignes, and to en< ounter the fime as nere as may be, with ey[e]s and eares euer attentiue where they maye hope to 
 fynde any tokens of motalles, efpecially by enquyringe of fliepardes and other anciente inhibitauntes of fuch 
 regions in the which riineralls are engendered. And this I fpeake the rather for that I am perfwadcd that at 
 
 fciSM 
 
Of the gcncmtion of metals. 
 
 357 
 
 the firfl figlit of a moiintaine, by rcafon of the greatc barrennelTe and roughncs thcrof, and alfo by reafon of 
 the great abnundance of waters that are engendered in the fame, a right good iudgemente fliall not fulTice to 
 coomme to certayne knoweieage that metall is contayned in fiieh mountayncs, vntill the feardiers liaue with 
 charges and trauail caufed miners in fundry places to difcoiier the fame. And therfore I alfo beleiie that one 
 man ahhowgh be bee neuer fo flronge, wyttie, and farre caflinge, fliall not be able in a newe and flraiinge 
 contreye, to fearche by fmaule portions not onlye all the mountaynes of one or moo prouinces which may 
 bringe fiirth minerals, but fliall with muchc difliciiitie fcarfely fullice to fearche the fecreates of only one 
 mountayne; In fo muche that fiiin confyderinge the difficultie hereof, are of opinion that in this effecte, it fliuld 
 be requyfite to worke by the arte of Xegromancie, which I thynke to be a fable withowt further knoweieage. 
 But I wolde that thefe necromancers fliuldc tell mc; why this theire arte helpeth theym no further in the 
 woorke after that they haue once founde the myne, if it be tiewe that they (;iy. Why (I foy) doth it not heliie 
 them furtlie as at the begynnyngo to fynde the myne, fo confenuently in the my('dell and the ende to biynge 
 the fame to further perfection, as to gette it owte, to l)r)'nge it to fufion or meltynge, and to purifie or pourge 
 it from droffe, which doubtleffe it fluilde haue poure to doo if it may bee belcaued that it can doo the other. 
 But forafmuch as fuch effectes are fo fearefuU and terrible, that they owght not or can not be practifed of al 
 men, and alfo perhappes bycaufe fuch maner of woorkyngc is not knowen, I thinke it not good to be vfed : but 
 thinke rather by good reafon that this arte is fo much the more to be omytted and contemned, in howe much 
 we are accuflomed in the begynnynge of dyggynge of mynes, efpecially to caule for the grace of god that it 
 may pleafe hym to be prefente with his ayde to owre doubtfull and traualioiis woorke. Lettynge paffe therefore 
 this deuylyfflie diuife of fuch beaflly and fearefull men, I exhorte yowe to folowe the ])ractife by the forefaydc 
 figncs minyRred vnto yowe by the benignitie of nature, botlie grounded vppon the foundation of truth and 
 approucd by th[e]experience of many practicionars, not confyflynge in woordes or promyffes of thynges vayne 
 and incomiirehenlible. With thefe fignes therfore fliall yow fearche the bankes and fides of the valleys, w-ith 
 the clylTes and ryftes of the flones, and the backes, toppes, or ridges of the Montaynes: Alfo the beddes, 
 chanels, and courfes of ryuers, lookynge diligently amonge theyr findes, and the ruines of theyr folTes, amonge 
 the whiche yow fliall often tymes efpie marchafitcs or fmaule fparkcs of mynes, or other dyiiers tinctures of 
 metals, whereby yow may be certified that certeyne niynos are in fuch places, which yowe fliall exactly fynd by 
 diligent and curious fearchyng the clyffes of theyr ryftes and dry places. After thefe aduertifementes, take this 
 for a general! figne, that all fuche places and mountaynes are mineral, owt of the which many fpringes and 
 great abundaunce of crude water dooth iffliewe, hauyng v ith theyr clcarenes a certeyne minerall tafl.e, and fiicli 
 as at variable feafons of the yeare chaungc theyr qualitie, beinge warme in the fprynge tyme and coulde in 
 fonimer. And this thynge owght yow to beleue the more when yow fliall fee the afpecte of fuch mountaynes 
 to be rough, fliarpe, and faluage withowt earth or trees. Or fo thftt yf there bee a lyttle earth found vpon the 
 fame with a fmaule veyne of hcrbes or graffe yowe fliall perceaue the grcnenes thcrof to be faynt and in maner 
 wythered and dryed. And albeit that fiimtymes alfo, mines are founde in mountaynes hauyngc earth and 
 frutefull trees in the toppes therof, yet are they for the niofl. part found in fuch wlierof we haue fpoken. Of 
 thefe other, there maye fewe fignes be gyuen, except to go by lyttle and lytde to feke the bankes of theyr fydes. 
 But amonge all thefe, the befl. and moft, certeyne figne that may bee gyuen, is wheras on the fiiperficiall parte 
 of the earth eyther on liyghe or belowe, the myne dooth fhewe it felfe apparente to fyght. Sum there are that 
 for a good figne do greately conimende the refidences wliic h certeyne waters make wher they haue refled for a 
 time and beinge dryed vp of the hcate of the fonne, do often times flicwc in certeyne partes of theyr refidencies 
 dyuers tinctures of mynerall fubflaunce. Sunime other are accuflomed to take fiich waters, and in a veflell of 
 earth or glalTe or other matter, caufe them to boyle and vapoure away vntyll the dregs or refidence rcmaync in 
 the bottome well dryed in the likenes of a grofe earth, ol' the which they make an alTaye eyther by the ordi- 
 narie tryall of fyer, or after fiime other maner as lyketli them befl. And by this mcanes (althowgh they 
 attayne not to th[e]exacte knowleage of the truth) yet do they approche to a certeyne knowleage of the thyng 
 whcrby they haue fiuii intelligence of what futhciencie and :,'oodneffe the myne is which they feeke, before they 
 be at any great charges in folowynge the fiinie: I'rouydynge ahvay that with all diligent aduertifement the 
 places neare vnto the rootes of the confine mountaynes be curioufly fearched, with alfo the bankes and fydes 
 of the felfe (lime mountayne, and all fiich fu[)erficiall partis therof, where any n.ones are founde difcoucred 
 eyther of theyr owne proper nature or by the courfe of water: jirefuppofynge euer that it is in maner impoffible 
 but that yf fuche mountaynes contayne any mynes, they miiflc needes fliewe turtli film floures, tinctures, or 
 colours of theyr exhalations. Yet yf it fliifltle fo cliaunce that they do not this, the goodnes of the mine may 
 be the caufe hereof forafmuche as eyther it is not of vaporable nature, or to be of fmaule ipiantitie, or els 
 perhappes liycaufe the mountayne is greate and the myne very low or fo farre with in, that it is not fiiffii ient to 
 put furth any fignes of fumofities. The caufe alfo hereof maye bee that Ann flone lyke vnto that caiiled 
 Albafano (which I thynke to be of that kynde which we rau'e the greete flone) or blarke and whyte marble of 
 
 2 1) 2 ..•? 
 
 Mnnnt.lvncs in 
 the which inct.lls 
 .ore engciiiicrud. 
 
 1 A(;eyn«!t sfol-ynge 
 
 iiicials with the 
 I rcid which they 
 
 cntilL- Virgula 
 
 diitinn. 
 
 Negrumancit;. 
 
 The maner of 
 sciirchyiigc fur 
 tnyucs. 
 
 A gencr.ill J^igne. 
 
 Rowch and b.irren 
 mountaynes. 
 
 328 
 
 The 1 est sJgne. 
 
 The resilience 
 of waters. 
 
 Nfarch:i';itp^ are 
 the liintiircs 
 of inyncral 
 
 I 
 
 S<| 
 
 )|: 
 
ipqp 
 
 358 
 
 Of the generation of metals. 
 
 IM' 
 
 r*. 'I 
 
 Metals in fnitful 
 niuiiiuayueA. 
 
 i- vi 
 
 %\ 
 
 Howe the signes 
 are to liee 
 cunsyUeruLL 
 
 TTic assay of the 
 mines. 
 
 329 
 
 The richer myne 
 fiiither within the 
 muntaync. 
 
 Cnnsyderncions 
 how the cane 
 ought to bee made. 
 
 Tlie hodieofthe 
 niyne. 
 
 HowRCR of nflice 
 fur the myncrs. 
 
 Rapii^inKe and 
 dedicatiun of the 
 caue. 
 
 T':i 
 
 th 
 
 thycke and rcfyflynge nature, may be found to lye betwene and fo to floppe the paffages, that the fayde 
 funiofities may therby be hyndered to arryue to the vi)])crmofle parte of the earth ; by rcafon wherof, it is 
 poffible that fuche mountaynes may brynge furth trees and herbes forafmuche as the earth therof dooth reteyne 
 his vertue and may niirylhe theyr rootes not beinge incinerate or burnte with hotte and venemous vapours of 
 the mynes : fo that the flioures of rayne or fluds with their courfes can not cary away the earth as in fuch places 
 wher the fame is found fore dryed. And tlierfore vppon fuch mountaynes I haue feene great wooddes of 
 chelfnutte trees, beeches alfo aud okcs, with well cultured and frutfull ficldes. So that to conclude, by the 
 fignes of the rowghneffe or barenneffe of the mountayne is not taken away but that other places may alfo 
 haue plentie of mines whiche ought to be fearched and folowed. But forafmuch as thefe fignes are of the 
 natures of minerals, I wyll fpeake more determinately of theym in the places where 1 entreate of theyr proper 
 mynes: Not intenilynge here to faye muche of thefe thynges in generall, but only to induce yow to funi clear- 
 neffe of the fyrfl lyght. And therfore that yow may gyue the more diligent aduertifment, I faye vnto yowe that 
 all the mynes which yow fliall fynde by fuch fignes, by what meanes fo euer they fliall coome to yowre handes, 
 whether they be found in flones, earthe, or fande, after that at the fyrRe fyght they haue fliewed them felues to 
 bee mynes of metals, yow owght to confyder of what ponderofitie of weyght they are : The wliich the greater 
 that it is, fo much the more dooth it fliewe both the perfection and goodneffe of the fubRaunce, and alfo the 
 more quantitie of the mine. And thus prefuppofyng that by the fignes or other meanes yow haue founde the 
 mine, not yet fully perceauynge of what kynde of metall it myght be, to certifie yowe hereof and alfo of what 
 quantitie it is, or howe it is accompanyed or myxt with other, or lykewyfe of what puritie it is of it felfe, or of 
 what euyll difpolition or malice it is founde to bee, it fliall herein be neceflliry before yow be at any further 
 charges therwith, to proue the fame by twoo or three affayes or mo, as I wyll further declare in the particular 
 place of affayes. Beinge therfore certifyed of the myne, and of what metall it is, and alfo what quantitie it 
 conte)'neth, fyndynge it by accompte to bee fo profitable as to beare the charges, I exhorte yowe bouldely to 
 gyue the fyrn.e attempte to faule to mynynge, and with all poffible diligence to folowe yowr enterpryfe : affur- 
 ynge yowfe felfe, that of what fo euer mynerall matter yow fliall take affuy accordyng to the proportion of that 
 pi[e]ce which yow tooke of the vppermofl. or owtmofl parte of the mine for that purpofe, yow fliall fynde that to 
 bee muche better and rycher whiche is further within the mountayne. And thus being certified by the affay of 
 what (|uantitie the thynge is that ap[)ered by the fignes, and of all other reafonable ■' ■ fyderations apperteynyng 
 to the worke, yow fliall with all celeritie difpofe yowr felfe to faule to dyggynge, to th[e]intent that yowe may 
 Ihortely eythcr here enioye the frute of yowre trauell, or els where with better fuccefle proue yowre good fortune. 
 But in th[e]attempte of this enterpryfe, yow owght principally to haue refpecte to the fituation of the place 
 where yowe intende to make the begynnynge of yowr caue or fofle: Takynge good aduertifement that it be 
 commodious for the labourers that flial worke therein : proiiydynge aboue all thynges that it haue an eafye 
 enteraunce into the mountayne, with leffe charges and in fliorter tyme to arryue vnder the fignes which yowe 
 haue taken; encounterynge the fame as muche as is poffible as it were by a ryght line, fyrfl with iudgemente 
 and then with workemanfliyiJiJe, vntyll yow fl.ryke on the grofe maffe or bodye of the myne, breakynge in the 
 courfe of the caue al matters of hard compoiitions, as quarreys and fl.ones ouerthwartynge the fame : hauynge 
 euer refpecte to the owtwarde fignes whiche yow folowe, forccaftynge in y. vre mynde how yowe may directly 
 arryue to the fame, euen as the maryners directe theyr courfe by theyr compafle and fyght of the north flarre. 
 Alfo byfyde that ])lace where yow haue determined to make the enteraunce and begynnynge of the caue, yow 
 mulle take choyfe of an other place, eyther on the front of the mountayne or on the fyde that it may bee neare 
 and conmiodious to make one or two or mo cotages for the commoditie and neceffitie of the woorkemen. One 
 of thefe mufl. bee appoyntcd for theyr dormitorie where fum may refl. and fleepe whyle other woorke, and that 
 yow may the more commodioufly be prefent and affydaunte to theyr doynges, diligently to beholde all thynges 
 and to conforte theim in theyr laboures : alfo to difpence and beflowe theyr vyttayles as fliall bee nedefull, and 
 to referue the fame in fafe cuflodie, with dayly prouifion of al thynges apperteynynge. The other mufl bee as 
 it w^ere a fni)thes forge wherin theyr worne and broken tooles mufl bee renewed, and other newe made, to th[e]- 
 intent that the woorke be not hyndered for lacke of flore of necefleirie inflrumentes. When thefe thynges are 
 thus fynyfflied, with good prouifion of vyttayles and a fuflicient number of expert myners, then in the name of 
 God and good aduenture, caufynge a prefle to bleffe the mountayne with all the flioppes, and to baptife the 
 caue, dedicatynge it (as the maner is) to the holy Trinitie or to owr Lady or to the name of fum other faynt 
 which yowe haue in deuotion, with inuocation to theym to prof|)er yowre attemptes, yow fliall with good 
 courage and hope begynne to dygge the caue, with intente to folowe the fame wilhowte ceafynge as farre as 
 yowre abilitie fliall reache, or vntyll yowe haue paflfed ouer the lymettes fignified by the fignes before named : 
 Takynge euer diligent heade that yowe begyn yowre caue as lowe as yow may at the foote of the mountayne, 
 in fiicli order that yowr myners fo continue and folow the fame by a right line, that they encounter the veyne of 
 tho mvne by the fliortell and fafed way that may bee deuifed. For it often times chaunceth, that althowgh 
 
 S58 
 

 
 0/ the gciicnition of metals. 
 
 359 
 
 of the 
 
 the caue haiie I)yn wcl lie^anne, yet hath it not byn well folowed, for that the myners beinge withdrawen from 
 the ryght courfe by the hope of fiiehe Ijraiinches of mynes as haue apperetl vnto them in the waye, (loo often 
 times decline from theyr attempted courfe, and from the fignes which they owght to haue folowed. And 
 byfyde other preceptes, fee that yow beare in memory to procure that in dyggynge, yow efcliewe as muche as 
 yowe maye, the cuttynge of fotte or brykell (lones, afwell for that it may bee daungerous for mine of the caue, 
 as alfo that it feldome chaunceth that any mynes are founde in fuch flones. But yf yow flial chaunce fo to 
 fynde them that yow can by no mcanes auoyde them, I confort yow that where fuche caufe of feare flieweth it 
 felfe, both that yow lofe not the charges of the caue and for the better fafegarde of yowre woorkemen, it flialbe 
 necclTary that yowe vfe all poffible diligence in well vpholdynge and fortyfyinge the caue with arches of waules 
 trauerfed with flronge pofles of tymber after the maner of framed beanies, fufleyned with grofe and flronge 
 pyles made of goode and flronge tymber of oke or other great trees. And in this maner owght yow to jiroceade 
 in dyggyng yowre niyne that yow may with more fecuritie e'lioy the frute of yowr trauayle. But in the owlde 
 tyme they that dygged mynes (as is yet to fee in the caues lefte of them) folowed an other maner: fo that in 
 the (leade of begynnynge the caue belowe at the foote of the mountayne (as doo the later myners) they begunne 
 to dygge theyr caue in the vpper or hygliefl parte wiiere the daye difcouered the myne, dyggynge downewarde 
 after the maner of a pytte or a well, folowyngc the fame fumtyrne on the one fyde, and fumtyme on the other 
 euen vnto the depth, as the veyne fliewed it felfe to theyr fyght: whereof I haue thought good to make 
 mention, for that in th[e]oppinion of many men, this way dooth feenie much better and of more fecuritie to 
 fynde that they feeke, then to dygge by the fydes: bycaufe that by this nieancs they haue euer the mine before 
 theyr eyes eyther more or lelTe as a linj to leade them to the grolTe maffe. Yet who fo confydereth the thynge 
 well, fliall vnderflande that the later myners haue better conceaued the reafon of this woorke, in refpecte (as is 
 to fee) of many more commodities and fecurities which infue rather of this maner of woorkynge then of the 
 other: as the dilTicultie to defcende and afcende the caue, and the daungiour lell it bee (lojiped vp by many 
 ruines, byfyde the trauaylous labour to draw owt the mine with the mokes and fragmentes of flones : And 
 aboue al thynges, that they flial not bee able to drawe owt the waters whiche are often tymes fo abundaunt that 
 they greatly increafe the charges and trauayles of the patrones of the mynes by reafon of the greate aydc and 
 helpe which flialbe requifite to haue in that cafe and alfo for the makynge of wlieeles, trouglies, jiypes, and 
 pumpes, with fuch other inflrunientes feruynge for the purpofe to drawe owt the waters. And yet with all this, 
 it often tymes chaunceth that although they labour hereat continually, yet flial they be inforced to forfake their 
 profitable and laudable enterpryfe .So that to condude, I faye (as yowe maye well vnder fland) that it is a 
 much better way and of more fecuritie to begynne the diggyng of the caue rather at the roote or fote of the 
 mountayne and to enter into the fame by litle and lytle a Hope vpwarde, then to begynne at the toppe or the 
 highefl backe therof And this both for the more commodious pa iinge furthe of the water, and alfo for the 
 eafier trauaile of the labourers. Obferuynge euer diligently the chaunge of the fignes whiche appore vnto yow 
 owtwardly, vfynge the rudiler and comi»a(fe as do they that fayle on the fea. For hereby the myners fliallie 
 inflructed euer to folowe the right way in the caue vntill by the conductinge of wytte and arte, they bee browght 
 to the place of the grofe malTe or bodie of the tree, whyche is the caufe, fontayne, and original from whenfc the 
 fayd tinctures, fumofites, and mineral fignes, are diriued and fcnte furth to the fujierficiall partes. And as con- 
 cernynge this purpofe, I thincke it gooil to declare vnto yow howe in the Dukedome of Atijlria, betweene 
 I\ii\fpnic and Alia where I contynued manye yeares, I fawe a large vale enuironed with agreale number of 
 mounfciynes, by the myddefl wherof a ryuer palfed through of greate aboundaunce of water : and in maner in 
 all the montaynes that are there abowt, is digged great plentie of mine, wherof the mode jiarte are of co])i)er or 
 leade, althoughe alfo in maner euery of them is founde to holde fum portion of liliier. .\mongo tliefe moim- 
 taynes, I fawe one in the whyche th[e]inhabitauntes of the countrey dwellyng there abowt alhireil by the fight 
 of many fignes, beganne to digge a caue after the maner wherof we haue fpoken : In fo muche that (as it 
 appered vnto me) from the place where they begane the caue, they had digged little leffe then two myles before 
 they fawe any fparke or (liadowe of any myne And beinge arryued with the caue in maner perpendicularly 
 vnder the fignes they folowed, they were encountered with a veyne of the harde flone caiilcd Albazaiw, of a 
 yarde and a halfe thicke, which they pafled through with greate trauayle and longe tyme, and with the helpe of 
 commodious inftrumenles of iren hardened to woorke in fuche llones. And when they had thus paffed througii 
 this quarrey of flone, they chaunced vppon a verye great veyne of the myne of copper of fuch forte that when 
 I was there, lookinge betweene the one and the other, I fawe on euery fyde as it were a waule of the hard (lone 
 of Albazano, and tlierin a voyde jilace of fuche largenes from the one fyde to the other that more then two 
 hundreth men al at one time, had fufliciente roonie to ftande labouringe fronie the hyghelle parte to the lowcll, 
 hauynge non other lyglit then of candells, and makinge certe)ne iiiarkcs ir. euery place where they faw the vre 
 or myne fliewe it felfe : and thus ceafed not to woorke continually both day and nyght, courfe by courfe, a 
 thynge fuerly maruelous to be holde. Without the month of the caue, 1 fawe great abundaunce of mine partely 
 
 ('aiises of 
 hiudcraunce. 
 
 Soft stones. 
 
 330 
 
 The fortcfilng of 
 the cauu 
 
 Hnwe tlic cauts 
 were iiiatli: in 
 uliic tyme. 
 
 Almndaiinrfe] of 
 Witter ill tlie 
 iiiyiie& 
 
 The bcstc inancr 
 nf riKikiiigL- the 
 
 The change of 
 the sigiiLS. 
 The ruiUler aiiil 
 
 Austria. 
 
 Mynes uf rnppcr 
 
 ;iii<l ]e;ide huld.ng 
 bylucr. 
 
 A r:iiic of two 
 myle^w 
 
 A larpc caiie of 
 ihe inyiic "i 
 cdpper huliliiige 
 siluer. 
 
 331 
 
 C.iiiJk light 
 
 ^ ■ 
 
 I 
 
 1 
 
 I 
 
 '*%\ 
 
 ■ n 
 
 \ 5 
 
36o 
 
 Of the genera f ion of metals. 
 
 A grcnte maMO 
 of pure iiiyiie. 
 
 Almndaunce of 
 water in the 
 niynes. 
 
 Water is the 
 nc.ircst priiicijilc 
 uf iiiiiicralcs. 
 
 A general rule. 
 
 Great riches 
 (ilttayneil by 
 searchiiitic of 
 inyncii. 
 
 Ma(;naniniitie 
 and paciciice. 
 
 The ninuntavncs 
 arc t)ie iiiatnccs 
 uf riches. 
 
 The grace of god 
 is reccavcd hy 
 owre cndcuuure. 
 
 Monyc hcgettelh 
 ryches. 
 
 332 
 
 Ncress:ine 
 ildut.-llisiiK;nteS. 
 
 I'lentye ^^ woode. 
 
 Cntapcs and 
 edifilcjes. 
 The situaciun of 
 tlic i)Iucc. 
 
 The vse of water. 
 
 inixt with the flone of the vre, and partcly chofcn and fcperated. Amonge thefe pieces, there was one con- 
 fil'lynj;e of a hole nialTe of pure niineof fuch bigj^Mics and wcyj,'lu, that tv>j good horfcs with a light carrc coulde 
 fcarfely drawe it away. This myne was of copper as I haue fayde. IJut to magnifie it they cauled it fyluer, 
 bycaufe it helde fuche plentie thereof that it furmounted the charges, whereas they had alfo the copper for 
 adiiantage. Vowe fliall further vnderRond that in the myddell of the caue, there was a chanell or gutter whyche 
 gathered togyther the waters that fell into it continually on euery fyde from the ruptures or broken places and 
 cliffes. Thefe waters ranne through the chanel with fo vehemente a flrenie, that I fuerly beleue that it might 
 well fuffice to dryue any greate mylle. In fo muche that in goynge in and comming owt of the caue, I remem- 
 ber that by the contynual faule and fprinkeling of the waters from aboue and beneth, I was as wet as though 
 I had paffed through a greate flioure of rayne. Wherat I maruel the leffe when I confycler that water is the 
 fyrfl and nearell principle of the whiche the fubflaunce of minerals is engendered. By reafon wherof, fuch men 
 of vnderflandynge as haue fearched the natures of thefe thynges, argue hereby and take it for a gcnerall rule, 
 that all thofe mountaynes owt of the whiche fpryngeth great abundaunce of water, doo alfo abounde with myne. 
 The which thynge well confyderynge, and weyinge the grcatnes hereof, I faule into this accompte with my felfe, 
 that if to the ])atrones of the fayde caue, the charges of the fame hadde byn a hynderaunce or greefe, eyther for 
 the length therof, or for defjiayre that they fliuld not haue fouml that they fought, they wolde furely haue for- 
 faken it. And beinge nowe ccmme to this harde flone after they had fudeyned fo great charges byfyde the 
 trauayle both of mynde and body, if they ihulde then haue lefte of theyr enterpryfe, they fliulde not haue come 
 to fuch ryches whereby they haue obteyned many commodities afwell profitable for them felues as alfo for thcyr 
 lordes and princes, theyr countrey, thcyr kinffolkes and flimelie. Neythei yet flnilde they haue byn fo wel able 
 to helpe theyr jioore neyghbours as they haue doone by the meanes of the valientneffe of theyr conflant myndes 
 and perfillynge in fo good and commendable an enterprife. Wheifore to conclude, yow that wyll begynne to 
 attempt any fuch thynge, nuill be of good courage and much pacience to folowe that yow haue begunne, at the 
 leafl ,ntill yow knowe by the fignes what the thynge is: hopinge euer that in goynge forwarde, the day folow- 
 ynge (as it is poffible) flial difcouer the thynge that yowe fecKe and content your defyre : Wherof yow may bee 
 the better affured, if yow well confyder that the moothers and matrices of moR eRemetl ryches, and the myntes 
 of al treafures, are the mountaynes ; To the whiche (with the helpe of fortune and yowr ingenious indeuoure) 
 yow fliall open the way, not only to fynde the myne and arryue to the belly of the mountaynes where fuche 
 thynges lye hyd, but fliall alfo bee exalted by ryches to hyglie honoure and dignitie as they of whome we haue 
 made mention before : forafmuch as moR beningne and liberall nature, dootlie open her lapiie and proincffe 
 good fucceffe to fuche as feeke ryches by fuch honeR meanes. The whiche way furely is muche rather to be 
 folowed, then eyther the warre full of trowbles and miferie, or the carefull trade of marchaundies with wander- 
 ynge abowt the worlde, or fuche other faRidious cares perhappes vnlawfull for a good man. And albeit (as 
 fume men vfe to fiieake) the fyndynge of niynes bee an efpecial grace of God, neuertheleffe, forafmuch as we 
 are borne to laboure, it flialbe neceffiry that we feeke the fame in fuche places where they are brought furth by 
 the woorke of nature, and by fearchynge to fynde them, and beinge founde to dygge for them, and by this 
 meanes to receaue the grace of God with applyinge owre owne diligence therto, with heljie of the difpofition of 
 fortune and naturall iudgemente. And yet flial not this only fuffice withowt fufliciencie of money able to 
 fuReyne the charges and continue the woorke : to th[c]ende that if yow can not fynyfflie it with yowr owne 
 expenfes, yow maye fu[)plye the fame by the ayde of other, eyther jiatrones or parteners. But let vs nowe 
 ceafe to reafon any further of thefe thinges. Prefuppofyng therfore that yow haue alredy paffed the charges, 
 and haue not only founde the myne yow fought, but alfo haue brought furth to lyght a great quantitie therof, it 
 flial then bee needeful (as a thyng chiefeiy to be confydered before yow begin to dygge) wel to ponder and 
 examen both the commodities of luch thynges as fliall occurre, and alfo of fuch wherof yow fliall haue neede : 
 as tymber and woodde of all fortes, with water and vyttayles : of all the whiche, yow muRe haue great plentie : 
 and efpecially of woodde, whereof yowe muRe haue great quantitie, afwell to feme to the proportion of the myne, 
 as alfo to make coles to the vfe of mcltynge, fynynge, dryinge, garboylyng, and fuch other broylynges, byfyde 
 that which muR ferue to fortifie the caue and to buyld flioppes and cotages with fuch other edifi[c]es. Diligent 
 confideration muR lykewyfe be had to the fituacion of the jilace where the buyldynges flialbe erected : as that 
 the plotte therof bee commodious with abundaunce of water hauynge a good faule. Alfo not onely of plentie 
 of woodde and cole nere vnto the myne, but of fuch as may ferue the turne. And of all other incommodities, 
 yowe muRe chiefeiy auoyde the lacke of water, as a thynge of greateR importaunce and moR neceflarie in this 
 effecte. For by the force and weyght of the courfe herof, wheeles and dyuers other ingenious inRrumentes are 
 adapted with eafe to lyfte vppe greate bellowes to make fyers of great poure, to beat with hammers of great 
 weyght, and to turne niyghtie and Rrongc engens, by the force whereof the trauayles of men are fo much 
 furthered, that withowt fuch helpe, it were in maner impoflible to ouercome fuche tedious trauayles or to arryue 
 to the ende of the woorke, forafmuch as the force of one wheele may l}ftc mo; ?, and that more fiifcly then the 
 36a 
 
^nr- 
 
 Of the gcitcyation of met ah. 
 
 361 
 
 paynefuU labour of a hundrfth niL-n. It HkiI tlicrforc be nLoiIct'iill to haiie grout confydorntion hereof, not only 
 to make thcfc c(lifi[c]cs or houfcs of office, but alfo to make them commodious for the purpofe, as for the cariaj;e 
 of niyne and cole with other nee :ffaries. l-'or if any of tliefe effec les (luilde be «ant\iiye, the coflo, tynie and 
 trauayle, fliulde bee cafl away: forafmuch as thefe thynj^es doo fo much the more relieue tiie one tiie other as 
 they are ioyned togyther, and hinder the woorke not a iyllle yf any be feparate. lUit bycaufe thefe connnodities 
 can not euer be hadde all togyther, yowe owght to wey with yowr felfe whii h of the twoo feruelli for mo ne( ef 
 farie vfes, as eythcr to haue the cole or the mine mod commodious to the houfes, and accordinge there vnto to 
 jilace the houfes ncre vnto the fame if the commoditie of water wyll fo permytte. Albeit, if it were poffibie, it 
 (luilde be much better if al thefe neceffuie commodities were ioyned tou'^lher, whereas otherwyfe yowe nuule 
 contente yowre felfe as occafion ferueth. 
 
 Nowc therefore to conclude, byfyde that whiche I haue declared vnto yow of the fin<linge of the myne and 
 the digging thereof with other confiderations, I exhorte yowe further to fuile to practyfe with fum myne of your 
 owne, that yow may therby take occafion to ryfe to the degree of ryches whyche yow defiie. And therfore I 
 aduc'tife yov; that after yow haue founde the mountyane and begun to digge, yow Ihal euer go forwarile with a 
 boulde mynde and (loute corage, woorkyng with witte and ludgement, forafinuche as in this effecte the one 
 ferueth the other in the (leede of ey[e]s to enter where they can not. Gyue no credit to that whiche many 
 ignorante folkes doo fay and beleue, affirniinge that in digging for metals, they are founde rather by chaunce 
 then by arte. The which although it were trewe, yet owght we to trufl more to art and practyfe tlien to chaunce. 
 And when yow are nowe entered into the mountayne, beare well in memory that yow haue itrefently with yow 
 the tallie or ruler of the caue, wherby yowe may trauerfe the veyne of the myne when yow are coomme to it. 
 For if yow fliulde folowe it by the courfe as it lyeth, it is poffibie that yowe might folowe it a greate way not 
 pafle the biggneffe of a mans finger antl perhajipes leffe : By reafon wherof, it might happen that yow lliukl lofe 
 it and neuer find it age)ne. The like lliuld chaunce vnto yow if after that yow haue begun to digge a caue, it 
 fliulde repent yow of the charges, and that for the bafnes therof yowe (luilde forfake it, as many haue doone who 
 bycaufe they coulde not fynde the mine at the firfl flroke, defpayringe that they (liukle neuer fynde it, haue 
 forfaken it as a tliyng vnprofitable, thynking that they haue woonne enough in that they were not at further 
 charges with that which they accompt loffe and doniage : And thus furioully leaue of tlieir enterprife, not 
 regardinge that they may leaue the frute of iheyr expenfes and trauaile to an other that may folowe their 
 begynninges, and perliappes fynde the myne within the ilillaiice of a cubet, a fijanne, or a finger. We may fay 
 therfore that fuche men doo willinglye forliike their good fortune as many haue doone. He therfore that hath 
 begune to digge a caue, let hym determine to folowe it, putlinge away tli[e]ellimation of the bafeiies tlierof, .ind 
 not to feare the flreyghtneffe of the way, but rather to apjilye all his poffibie diligence withowt reiiioife, hop\ ngc 
 thereby no leffe to obteyne honour and ij-ches, then to auoyde flianie and iiifiniie for omytlynge fo prolitalile an 
 enter|)rife. And that yow may the more circumfi)ectly behaue yowr felfe in all thynges, befyde the former 
 inflructions, I further aduertife yowe to fet euer frefllie men a woorke by courfe in fucli ordc. that in euery llxte 
 or eyght lioures (accordynge to the number of the myners) yow ajipoynt fueh to the woorke as haue repofed or 
 taken theyr reil, that yow may by this meanes the fooner come to tli[e]ende yow defyre, whcreuiito (after youe 
 haue layde fo fure a fundation) I exhorte yow to ruiine withowt a brydle. And wheras to thefe effectes it Ihalhe 
 neceffarie to haue many inflrumentes adapted for the purpofe, 1 can none otherwyfe fpeake of them then in 
 generall, confyderynge that according to the nature of the place and the myne, it Ihalbe neceflarj^ to vfe inllru- 
 mentes and iren tooies of dyuers formes, as there ought to be difference in fuch wherwith yow iliall dygge in 
 niynes engendered in marble, greete (lone, and luirde freefe floiie, or fuch other. For the il>gg\iige of fuch as 
 are found in deade and tender Rones, as Alaballer and marie, it is re(iuifite to haue apte and llronge inllru- 
 nientes, as great beetels, niattockes and fpades of iren, alfo great and longe crowes 01 iren to lyftc great 
 burdens: lykewyfe greate anil fniaule picke axes fum of iren and fum of lleele : furthermore greate inaules wiili 
 handels and withowt handels, and fuch other botlie of iren and fine ileele hardened, if the hardenes of lloiie 
 fliall fo reijuyre. But as for fuch as fliall ferue to dygge the mynes which are engendered in tender and foite 
 flones, 1 neede make no mention of them, forafmuch as the tooies of the common forte may futlice, and necef- 
 fuie fliall dayly furthe[r] intlructe yow to diuife fuch as flial ferue for yowre purpofe. Albeit, for the mode parte, 
 they are beetels, maules, niattockes, pikes, fliouels, fpades, anil fuch lyke. But as well for the fofte ftones as for 
 the harde, it flialbe neceffarye to haue great plentie of al fortes, to th[e]enile that the myners may lofe no tyme, and 
 that the woorke may go the better forwarile to the comfort of the patrones of the mine. Byfyde thefe before 
 named, it (liall alfo be reqiiilite to haue plentie of greate bafkettes, fjiades, fliouels, lleades, and handbarrowes, 
 bothe with whecles and without wheeles ; alfo fackes made of raw or \'ntanile h)des to carye the fragmentes owt 
 of the caue. It fliall furthermore be re(iuifite to haue greate quantitie of vnctuous liiiuours to maintayne fire : 
 as are the oiles of oliues, of nuttes, of line feede and lieniiu; feede : Lykewife the roots of jiutritied trees, or 
 talowe of beafles, or fatte and oyles of fyfihes. For withowt the lyglit of fyre, it is not poff'ible for the labourers 
 
 361 
 
 X(Tp^*;arve 
 
 CuiisiJLiutiaiii. 
 
 A r.ilsc opiiiiun 
 
 The tr-mcrsinge 
 of ihc vu>iiu. 
 
 C'otitiiuiaiincc in 
 the wurkc 
 
 333 
 
 I''ressli(; men. 
 
 Iiistruniciites. 
 
 FjTc in the cauo. 
 
 »! 
 
 , I 
 
 \\ 
 
 ii 
 
362 
 
 Of the gciicmtion of iiictah. 
 
 h 
 
 <i 
 
 ! 
 
 ■,■'.■ 
 if \ 
 
 :'U*- f^. 
 
 ff 
 
 -111 
 
 r', ' ; 
 
 'i 
 
 I 
 
 it 
 
 The conueyance 
 of eycr. 
 
 The nceltcncle 
 of gulile. 
 
 The originall and 
 ■ubstauiice of 
 goMa. 
 
 334 
 
 Mineral heate. 
 
 The temperature 
 and purcne&se uf 
 guide. 
 Guide is 
 incorniptilile. 
 
 The bewtie of 
 guide. 
 
 Guide is 
 
 nicdiL-innble. 
 Guide is 
 confurtable. 
 
 The attractiue 
 qualitie of guide. 
 
 to woorke : Nor yet can any fyrc be niaynt;iyne<l in the caue except it rcceaue the ayer by fum refpiracle or 
 breathynge place by the nieanes of a fiinell or triinke of wootkle or fuch other open inllrunieat whcrby the ayer 
 niaje be conueyed into the caue. 
 
 C Of the myne of gohk and the qualitie thcrof in particidny. 
 
 Orafmuche as golile is a compounde myncrall which of the phylofophers and all men of 
 vnderftandynge, is founde to be of greatefl perfection amonge all other niyxt minerals, it is 
 iudged by the vniuerfal opinion of fuch men, that for the bewtie and excellent ([ualitie 
 thereof, it flnildc be of exceffiue vertue to helpe and confort men. And therfore amonge all 
 thynges that are in this worlde (e.\cepte lyuynge creatures) it is chiefely edeemed. By 
 reafon whcrof, I alfo the more to honour it, wyll fyrft fpeake of this before I entreate of any 
 other metall, and declare in particular the conception with the mod apparent qualities therof. 
 The which although it be a metal mod knowen, defyred alfo and fought for of all kyndes of men, yet are t ere 
 not many that do care to knowe of what fubdaunce or natural mixtion it confideth. But that yow duilde not be 
 one of theim that knowe it onely by name or fupcrficiall app[e]arence, I certifie yow that the original! and jjropei 
 matter therof, is none other then elomentall fubdaunces with e(iuall quantitie and qualitie proportionate the one 
 with the other, mod perfectly purified by the fubtyle woorke of nature. For of thefe beinge thus ioyned togy her 
 (and of equall force) is engendered an amiable and mod perfect mixtion by the helpe of fcrmentacion and 
 decoction of the minerall heate, whcrby is caufed fuch a permanent vnion betwene the fayde elementes, that 
 they are in maner infeperable : So that by the vertue of heauenly influence or of tyme, or by th[e]order oi n.od 
 prudent nature, or by all thefe caufes concurrant, fuch fubdaunce is conuenea into this metalline bcdy that we 
 caule golde. The which (as I haue fayd) by his much temperatenes, purencs, and perfect mixtion, is conden- 
 fate and made thicke, in fuch forte that the elementes therof can not be vnbounde or loofed, fo that it remayn -th 
 in maner incorruptible : The caufe wherof is, that it eyther conteyneth in it no maner of fuperfluitie, or the fame 
 to be but very lytic. And hereof commeth it, that althoughe it lye many yeares in the earth or in the water, it is 
 not infected with rud or canker for that neyther of them are able to corrupte it, nor yet the fyer whofe for e 
 dooth incinerate cr brynge to affhes and refolue in maner all creatures ; And yet is the poure hereof fo fame 
 vnable to dcdroy or corrupte this metall, that it is thereby the more purified and made better. Lykewyfe the 
 foyde perfecte vnion or mixtion, caufeth it to be a body withowt fleame, and withowt vnctuous or fat fuperfluitie: 
 which is the caule that it euer remayneth in the natiue bryghtnes and fayrenes of coloure, in fo much that when 
 it is rubbed vppon any thynge, it leaueth not behynde it the tincture of any blacke or yelowe colour, as doo in 
 maner all other metals : Nor yet hath it any tade or fauour that may be perceaued to the fence. Furthermore, 
 if it be eaten eyther wyllyngly or by chaunce, it is not venemous to the lyfe of man, as are fum of the oth r 
 metals : but is rather a medicine curynge dyuers difeafcs. In fo much that nature hath gyuen vnto it of peculiar 
 propertie, a vertue and priuileage to conforte the weakencs of the harte, and to gyue ioyfulnes and myrth to the 
 fpirites, difpofynge thereby the mynde to magnanimitie and attemptes of tTeat enterprj'fes. Which fingular 
 qualities, fum wyfe men aftirme that it hath receaued by th[e]influence of the fonne, and that it is therfore of 
 fuch grace and poure to helpe men : efpecially fuch as haue many great bagges and chedes full therof To con- 
 clude therfore, this metall is a body tractable and bryght, of coloure lyke vnto the foonne ; And hath in it 
 inwardely fuch a naturall attractiue or allurynge vertue, that beinge feene, it greatly difpofeth the myndes of men 
 to defyre it and edeme it as a thyng mod precious ; although many there are whiche crye owt ageynd it and 
 accufe it as the roote and fede of mod pediferous and niondrous couctoufnefle, and the caufe of many other 
 myfcheues. But whether it bee the caufe of more good or euyll, we entende to lette pafle this difputation as a 
 thynge vnprofitable. To proceade therfore as I haue begun I fay (as before) that the woorthyneffe which is 
 founde in it, hath caufed me to intreate of it before any other metall. And this the rather for that th[e]orde of 
 this prefente worke [fee]meth fo to requyre, that I may the better defcende to the degrees of other metals, to 
 th[e]ende that in thefe owre partes of Italy, yow may haue fum indruction of practife, whiche may redounde 
 from yow to other, whereby the myndes of all men may receaue fum lyght : beinge well affured that newe 
 informations, wilbe the feedes of other newe wittie diuifes in the vndcrdandynges of fuche men as with thefe 
 keys fliall open theyr wyttes to arryue to fuche places whyther they can not els coomme or by any meanes 
 approche. And nowe therfore, byfyde that which I haue fayde vnto yowe in generall, I wyl further in particular 
 declare the nature hereof and the generation of the fame, with alfo the fignes whiche it flieweth furth, that I 
 do not oin) tte any thynge. Lad of all, I wyll fliewe yowe howe it owght to bee pourged from luperfluou 
 36J 
 
7 
 
 Of the generation of metals. 
 
 earthynes of the mine, after that I flial haue exprcfied the maner howe it is founde. But forafiiuich as I haiie 
 not with mine eyes fecne the moiintaines wliich conteyne the niynes of goUle, or the places where tliis tiiyiif^e 
 is put in practife, I wyli only fliewe yow (hauynge made dihgente imiuilition for the fame) wliat hathe liyn 
 toulde me of credible perfons, or what I haue gathered in readyngc of dyuers autoures, by whom 1 am certified 
 for a truth that the greatcfl plentie of this mctall, is founde in Sal/tia, in thofe [)rouinces wliich we commonly 
 caule the Kafl partes, where the foonne extcnde'h his chiefe force and vigour. Of thefe jilaces India is thought 
 to be the chiefe, anil efpecially thofe llandes which the \\\\\n of 'rh[e]em]jerours maiellie and the kyngc of 
 I'ortugale haue founde of late : as the llandes about JVru and Paria with the firmc lande of the fame which 
 extentleth it felues very (lirre on both fydes the Ecjuinocliall. In Europe alfo, golde is founde in many 
 places : as in Ajhfta, and in many places in lioheme. Alfo in Hungarie, in Rhene, and in Apia. I'linie fayih 
 that it is lykewyfe founde in Anjlria and in I'ortugale : and that the Romans had from thenfe yeirely. xxiiii. 
 [twenty-four] pounds weyght. And thus f|)eakynge of this precious metall, I beleue certeynly, that it is and may 
 be engendered in all fuche jjlaccs wherthe influence of the heuens difpofeth the elementall caufes to brynge furth 
 an apte fubllaunce for this purpofe. But nowe intendynge more particularly to fpeake of the places of the con- 
 cejjtion hereof, yowe (hall vnderftande that it is engendered in dyuers kyndes of flones in great and rowgh 
 mountaynes, and fuche as are vtterly bare of earth, trees, graffe, or herbes. And amonge all the flones of this 
 niyne, that is befl which is of a hlewe or afurine coloure lyke vnto a faphire, and is commonly cauled Lafis 
 Lazuli. But it is not bryght and harde as is the faphire. It is alfo founde in oqiemente cau.ed Auripipiicnliim \ 
 but more often in the niynes of other metals. It is lykewyfe founde in many prouinces in the fandes of ryuers. 
 That which is founde in the mountaines lyeth in order of veynes betwene quarrey and quarrey ioyned with the 
 fayde Azurine ftone and myxte therwith. They faye that this myne is fo much the better in howe much it is 
 the heiiyer and of hyghe colour, fliewyng in it many fjiarkes of gold. They I;iy furthermore that it is engenilered 
 in an other Hone lyke vnto falte marble : but it is of a deade colour. And alfo in an other wliofe colour is 
 yelowe with certcyne redde fpots within it. They affirme lykewyfe that it is founde in certeine blacke Ronesi 
 wliofe veynes fprede dyuers wayes much like the courfes of ryuers. They further declare that it is founde in a 
 certcyne bituminous earth, of coloure lyke vnto cley and very heauy, hauynge in it a great fauour of bryniflone : 
 And that the golde which is founde in this, is very good, and in maner all togyther fyne, yet veiy harde to bee 
 gotten owte, bycaufe it confyfleth of fo fmaule fparkes lyke vnto inuifible atomes of fuch lytelneffe that they can 
 hardely bee perceaued with the eye. And herein may yow not do as in Lapis Lazuli, or other flones, or as the 
 maner is to do with that which is found in the fands of ryuers : the which the more it is wafflied, the more it 
 fauleth to the bottome : and in meltynge with the mother of his earthines, doth incorporat it felfe therwith in a 
 brickie fubdance. But in fine, with much pacience and by one meanes or an other, or by the helpe of (juicke- 
 fyluer, it is drawen owt. Ageyne (as I haue fayde before) it is found in the fandes of dyuers ryuers, as in Spayne 
 in the rjnier Tai^o : in Tracia, in Ebro : In Afia, in Fatolo and Ganges. In Hungarie and Bohenie, it is founde 
 in L.afiefia in dyuers ryuers ; Ami in Italic, in the fands of Tejino, Ailda, and fo. But not eiiery where in the 
 beddes of theyr chanels, but in certcyne particular places where in certeyne cloddes the fande is difcouered in 
 the tyme of the ouerflowynge of the ryuers when the water leaueth behynde it a fine fande wherwith the fayde 
 golde is myxte in the forme of certeyne fmaule fcales, and fliynynge graynes. Then in the fommer feafon, with 
 pacience and ingenious practife, the fearchers to pourge it from the grofe earthinclTe of the myne, and wafflie it 
 diligently ; prejiarynge for that effecte, certeyne tables made eyther of the tymber of plane trees, or elmc, or 
 whyte nuttes, or fuch other woodde apte to be fawen, hauing thejr playnes made ful of hackes, and notches, with 
 the helpe of the fawe or fuch other inRrumentes of iren. Vpon thefe tables Randynge fumwhat a Rope or 
 declynynge, with a holowe fhouel they caR a great quantitie of water myxt with the fayde fande, which they caR 
 fo, that the water runne downe directly alonge with the tables. And by this meanes the gokl, as a matter moR 
 heuy, fauleth to the bottome of the fawne hackes, and there reRynge and cleauynge faR, is fo diuided from the 
 fande. When therfore they perceaue a fufticient quantitie of golde thus remaynynge on the tables, they gather 
 it with diligence and put it in a trey or great fhallowe dyfflie of wod lyke vnto thofe which the golde finers vfe : 
 A.id in thefe they wafflie it more exactly ageyne and ageyne from al fylth or vnclenlyneffe. This doone, they 
 beate or mixte (or amalgame it as they caule it) with Mercurie or (luickfyluer, whiche afterward they feperate 
 ageyne from the fame eyther by Rraynyng and preffynge it through a bagge of lethcr, or by Ryllynge or 
 euaporatynge the quickefyluer from it in a Ryllatory of glalTe and fo fynde they the golde remaynynge in the 
 bottome of the veRell in the lykenes of fine fande, which they brynge into a metalline body by meltynge it with 
 a lyttle borage, or fait petre or blacke fope, and fo caR it eyther in the forme of a wedge or a rodde, or other- 
 wyfe as lyketh inem beR. And this is the exacte maner of drawynge goKle owt of the fandes of riuers, which 
 many haue vfed to theyr great commoditie ; And that the rather bycaufe that in folowyng this order of woorke 
 in the pourgyiige and diiiydynge of golde, it Riall not bee requifite as in other maner of practifes, to bee at greate 
 charges by reafon of many men which fliall be needefull, with manye murals, fornaces, fiers, and dyuers artificers: 
 
 36J 
 
 363 
 
 Where mo^(e 
 plentie ul guide tl 
 ruun<l, 
 C<tt/uty. 
 
 335 
 
 r.olilc in ihe 
 ILim)<-[^jofth« 
 Wt'sle iinlius. 
 Guide ill KutMpe, 
 
 The influcnofe] of 
 
 hlMllCII. 
 
 'Ihe moiintiiyncs 
 and stones in (he 
 whichu ^(ildc in 
 engendered. 
 
 /.ti//s Lazuti, 
 
 OrpemenCc. 
 
 (iuhle in other 
 nietuls. 
 
 CnUle in the 
 s;uides uf ryuers. 
 
 ■ Gold in 
 
 arth. 
 
 Golden duste. 
 
 Ryiicrs in the 
 whii h gold is 
 fuunUe. 
 
 The wasfhin^ 
 and pourgcinge 
 of guide. 
 
 Howe golde Is 
 deiiided frotne 
 sande. 
 
 The Spanyardes 
 
 make these 
 
 disshes with 
 
 handeU. 
 
 The draweinge 
 
 out of guide with 
 
 quicke siluer. 
 
 336 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 
 'I 
 
 ! 
 
 M 
 
 ^.v'.-^nt^ 
 
mam 
 
 364 
 
 0/ the gcucrdfioii of /iic/ij/s. 
 
 Fntni Wlirn«e 
 
 »!M|.k-iH.|.iiu-(l 
 iiii'i the saitilL'i 
 of r) Licri, 
 
 Tint cnMi: 14 nn( 
 ell;* fill luri i| in the 
 ftiiiidcii uf riuvrsi. 
 
 Tlii^ mnicr U 
 apiKiniii in rlio 
 f£i)IJe fiitintk- in 
 tilt- ryiitrs in the 
 Iiulii's. 
 
 The fiiule of 
 w.iicr* frurn 
 muntayncfc 
 
 337 
 
 Sprinjje^ of water 
 
 Vc(fPta>)Ie (Tofde 
 pr>win)»<- f>wt of 
 tliccarthe. 
 O/lhh. rritiff 
 
 yt/i:ritHi/r,i ttb. 
 
 4 (n'Hlilliuill 
 
 liierum. t'.i/. 0. 
 
 rmldr r>unflr in 
 A (IfiHle mans 
 hcade. 
 
 wlii'Ms in wonrkyiis ^•"''"f this forte, one man may fitticc with one table and one liolowe flioo'icU, with a lyltlc 
 c)'iicki'fyluLT am! fnliii lent abiindaiince of water, lint icttyni,' [laffe to fpeake any further of thcfe thyni,'rs : 
 ptThappL's fuinine man wolile liere (leiiiuinde from wiienfc tills golde is deryiied into tlie fandes of tlie fayile 
 ryiiers, and whi'ther it l)e iirowL'ht tliytiiir iiy tlie water, or engendered tliere. As toiniiyii.u'e whicli (|uellioii, I 
 haiie often tynus delilier.iled with my fell'e not witiiowt j;reat m.irueyle ; and efpecialiy of that wliirh is foiinde 
 in the findes of the ryuers of 'Jijhw, .liUd, and Po, bieaiife (wheras I haue faydc before that it is l)rowglit 
 th) tiler by the coiirfe of the water) I can not perceaiie from whenfe it fiiuld be bnnvght, forafmiich ?• there is 
 no niyne of golde, or of any other metal that is knowen, nere to any of tliofc places. JSy reafon wherof, my 
 iildgenieiite is in niaiier confounded, feinge alfo that it is th|e]oppinion of certeyne wryters, that it is engendered 
 eiien where it is founde ; 'i'lie which, if it fo be, it is not trewe that it is browght thyther by the water. Ageyne, 
 if it be engendered there, it feemeth to me a dyllicult tliyng to comprehend whether it be brought furthe there 
 by the vertue of the water or the earth, or the lienucn. If furthermore any of thefe fliuld be the caufe of the 
 generation hereof, it feeniethe agreable to reafon that it lliulde bee both founde and engendered throiighowt all 
 the beddes of fuch riuers, and at al tynies. And if the inlluence of lieauen be the mod ])repotent caufe of 
 this effecte, then it feemeth to me that it fliukl woorke inimediatly, bicaufe it can not otherwyfe obferue 
 tli|e]order wliiche nature vfeth in the generation of metals: fyrfl brynginge it furth to the open fhewe, in the 
 ])la<;e wliere aboiindelh the (vmtintiall iflhewe of water, which owglit alfo to be of fuch force as to renK)ue tho 
 earthy fubllauiice thereof from i)l,ii'e to place, and not to iiiteniii\te fuch great ine<pialitie of coiildeneffe antl 
 moiflnes. And albeit that this conijiofition beguiine in this order, (huld not be dilTeuered or broken by the 
 waters of the ryuers, yet it appeareth to me that the fliowers of rayne and iucreafe of (ludiles, fliulde be of 
 fiilficient poure to dillemper, breake, and vttcrly ileflroy all fuch compofitions as fliulde be engendereil in fuch 
 |il,i<es, forafniuch al thynges are conceauod by refl and tiuietnelTe after the coiiimixtion of the fyrfle elementes. 
 And therfore if this golde of the ryuers, bee there engendered where it is founde, I wolde it were declared vnto 
 me why it is engendered only in thefe places and not in other: and why in lyke maner, fyluer, copper, leade, or 
 any other metals are not alfo engendered there as well as golde, beinge matters of an eafyer conipofition of 
 nature then it is. by reafon of the perfecte vuitie and concordaunce with puritic of fubdaunce and perfecte 
 concoi tion which is in golde aboue all other nutals : whoreas alfo in many places in the territories of Rome, 
 there are founde m my fparkes of the mine of iren of blacke colour amonge the fandes of certeyne fmaule ryuers : 
 And yet thefe only in certeyne jiarticular ])laces of the fiyde riuers; wherby it appeareth that thefe alfo, fliulde 
 not bee engendered where they are founde. By all whit h reafons and apparent effectes, it feemeth mofl agre- 
 able to truth that the golde which is found in fuch fandes, is rather brought thyther by the water, then cngen- 
 ilered there. And therefore to declare my niynde more playnely herein, I fuppofe that this chaunceth only in 
 great ryuers which receaue aluuidaunce of waters of d\uers fpringes, foffes, and oiliuT ryuers, engendered ])artly 
 of the nult\ nge of fnowe anil jiartly of great fliowers of rayne, wliiche faulyng in certeyne clianels from the 
 toppes and fydes of [the]uiinerall mountaynes, wafflie away parte of the earth of theyr bankes and the ouer- 
 hanginge and holowe rockes which may conteyne the fubftaunce of golde : Or otherwyfe, that in fuch places, there 
 are ordinarie mines in the hyghe mountaynes or other fu])erficiall owt places, perhappes incelTable and eytlier fuch 
 whyther men can not come for extreme heate or cold or other iiynderaunces, or els fuch as they haue contemned 
 to fearclie : And yet the fame to bee fo confumed by the force of water as we haue fayde, and by the courfe 
 therof to bee caried into the ryuers. It may alfo chaunce that fuche mynerall earthes bee farre within the 
 mountaynes neare vnto fuch ryuers: And that in the fjiace of many yearcs, the fprynges iflliewyngc owt of the 
 fame, may e\ tlur bee drved vp (wliiche tliyng hath byn feene) or els turne theyr courfe an other way So that 
 it is no maruayle if in fuch a multitmle of yeres, the trewe originall of thefe thynges bee vnknowcn cuen vnto 
 them that dwell nere fuch places. But in fine, howe fo euer it bee, trewe it is that golde is founde in the (andes 
 of many riuers : And particularly fas I haue noted) in the foicnanied ryuers. And if therefore I h.aue mar- 
 iiayled at this tliynge, I ought worthely to bee e.xcufed, foiafni'ic as where iudgement can not bee certified by 
 reafon or effertuall a|)p[e],irence, there arife many doubtfull coniectures and ncwe caufes of admiration. But 
 yet tlo 1 maruel iiuk h more of an other tliyng the whi v. ! p. 11 informed to bee mod trewe by the report of 
 many credible perfons : That is, that in fum places of Hiuigarie at certeyne tymes of the yeare, pure golde 
 fpryngeth owte of the earthe in the lykenelTe of fmaule herbes, wrethed antl twyned lyke fmaule dalkes of 
 hoppes, about the byggenelTe of a p.ick threade, and foure fyngers in length or fume a handful!. As concern- 
 ynge which tlnnge, I'linie alfo in the. x\xiii. [thirty-third] boke of his naturall hydorie, wryteth the lyke to haue 
 chaunced in Ditlmatia in his tyme. The which (if it bee trewe) fuerly the hufbande men of thefe fieldes fliall 
 reape heauenly and not earthly frutes, fent them of god from heauen, and browght furth of nature withowt theyr 
 trauavle or arte. A grace doubtlede mod e''])ecial, fyth that in fo great a tpiantitie of earth graunted to the 
 poffelfion of men, in maner onely this is thought woorthy fo Iiygh a pnuileage. But what fliall I fay of that 
 wherol' Alhaiiis Magnus wryteth in his booke of minerals, affirmynge that he hath feene golde engendered in a 
 364 
 
Of the gciwrntioii of metals. 
 
 doade nmis hcadc : Ami lluit the fame boinge foundc by chaunco in dynnynge, and percoaued by the weyght 
 
 and colourc to rontcyne fiim iiiiiuTidl ruhllaiincc, was proiicd by fxpcriciuo to holdu a iwrtion of fine guide 
 
 niixte witli fniaiile fuide. And in dccde his woordcs ft-'crnc to found to none other feiu e but oldy that tliis 
 
 jireiioiis inetall was i.nj;eniler[e]d tlicre by the ^reat diriJolilion of the pl.ice anil llroii|^e inlliienie of heaiien : 
 
 'I'hi; whi( h fiierlie is a thynge hardely to be beleiied. Vet confyderynge tli[e]autoritie of fo greate a tlerke, 
 
 with the force of the fuperiour eaiifes and the niaruelous poure of nature, I had rather gyue faylli hereto then 
 
 raflliely to contenine the iiidgenient of fo greate a clarke. And forafnuu he as I haue begup. to tell yow of thefe 
 
 effeetes, I wyll not oniytte to fliewe yowe of a flraunge tliyni^e which chaun( ed alfo in a part of Ilunnarie, where 
 
 a inyne of gold was fo found by chnunie and vnfought for, that it may neuertheleffe be an adueriifenient to 
 
 other to fearche diligently. So it is therefore, that a woman of the contrey beinge accuflomed to reforte with 
 
 her buekc of clothes to wafllie them in a certeyne fofl'e or dike where ranne a lyttlc water, and vfynge to be.ite 
 
 and rubbc them vpjjon a (lone whi( h feeme<l lommodious for her purpofe, chaunced at the lengtli by her good 
 
 fortune to efpie (jn the Hone, a veyne of golde trauerfyng or ouertwhartinge the fame abowte the byggenelVe of 
 
 a grofe packe threede, fliewyiige fayre and briglit by reafon of her much rubbynge. Wherat inarueylynge dayly 
 
 more and more, at the length opened the matter to her familiers : who conferrynge with fueh as hadile better 
 
 fliyll of the thynge, foiinde it in fine to bee a veyne of pure golde: And that the(|uarrie of that ilone, trauerfed 
 
 the courfe of the water of the foffe. Remouynge therfore the water, and turning the courle thereof an other 
 
 waye, they beganne to <lygge and folow the mine whii h halh now conlinucd certeine. C. [hundred] yeares fen<e 
 
 it was fyrd found : And hath not only greatly enriched that contrey, liut alfo all Chrillendonie hath had great 
 
 commoditie by the fame. This haue I rehearfed vnto yow the rather that yow (luilde not bee negligent in any 
 
 poynt or omitte v.vj figne or token wherebye yowe may bee certified of greate thynges : not contemnyngc the 
 
 (liadowe of any fnnuile tokens : but afwel to gyue atlentyue eare and eye vnto them, as to feare and forefee all 
 
 fuch thynges as may hynder. For (as yow may hereby well jierceaue) if credit had not lyrll byn gyuen to the 
 
 woordes of the llmple woonian, and the thynge afterwarde well folowed, [jerhajipes they (hulde neylhernor euer 
 
 hereafter haue enioyed the frute of fo great a commoditie. Men therfore of good courage folowynge fuche 
 
 ryche figncs, dyd nother feare the fmaulenelTe of the veyne or hardneffe of the (lone : jirefuppofynge by good 
 
 reafon that golde and fyhicr can not lyghtly bee founde in fo fmaule ([uantitie, but that the fame (lial be able to 
 
 furmounte the eh Tfies. And this the more, in howe much the further yowe fliall enter into the (lone, as 
 
 chaunceth commonly in all other mynes. Albeit, the practifed fearchers, faye that the myne of gohle is not 
 
 founde in fuch great tiuamiiie as are th':' mmes of other metals. Wherin although perhappes they fay trewly, 
 
 yet dooth it not folowe but that golde also maye be.' founde in greate (luaiititie. And luerly it feemeth to me,that 
 
 the benignitie of nature hath graunted large ([uantities thereof to the worlde, and that much hath euer byn and 
 
 is founde amonge men, confyderynge in how many ])laces it is dayly gathered afwel in mountayncs as in 
 
 fandes of ryuers, byfyde that whiche is founde accompanied and ioyned with other metals. A further profe 
 
 hereof may that bee, which is confumed antl hydde by the dyuers inucntions of men : As that whiche the 
 
 paynters bedowe in adournynge theyr woorkes : .\nd goldefmylhes both in gyltynge other metals and alfo in 
 
 makynge dyuers woorkes of niaffie golde : byfyde that which the woorker of clothe of golde and arras doo 
 
 confume : with fuch as imbrotherers and fylke woomen fpende abowt the vanities of men and womens apparell 
 
 and tyrementes. Alfo fuch as is confumed vppon trappers and furnimentes for horfes, with gylted harneffe and 
 
 fuch other fumptuoufne(fe as perteyneth to the 'varres and magnifical buyldinges of noble mens houfes and 
 
 temples ; Byfyde that alfo whiche the couetoufnetTe of men hath hydde in flronge wattles, anil buryed in the 
 
 groimile, inclofed in chayned cofers locked with triple keyes : And that which ferueth to the dayly vfes of men 
 
 and wandeieth abotit the worlde through the handes of marchauntes. The whiche thynges well confydered, 
 
 who fo thinketh that nature bringeth ftirth but lyttle golde, fliall perceaue that there is greate (piantitie therof in 
 
 the worlle, although there bee but fewe that haue fo much as may fatiftie the ihirfl of theyr couetoufneffe. And 
 
 to fpeake particidarly of Italic, althoughe there bee no myne of goKle knowen in it, yet by the vertue and 
 
 diligence of good wyttes, it hath euer and at all ages byn more ryche then many other prouinccs : Notw ith- 
 
 ftandynge it hath often tymes byn fjioyled and otierrunne of dyuers nations, as nowe of late in owre tyme by the 
 
 criiell handes of the Barbarians which entered into it abowt. y.\. [forty] yeares pafle. But who knoweth (as 'vith 
 
 chaunced in the dayes of owre valient prediceffors) whether Godde wyll ageyne gyue vs occafion to chaflife them 
 
 and fo to inuade theyr regions that wee maye woonne owre cwne ageyne with increafe of dowble vfurie. Or if 
 
 he wyll not permitte this, perhappes he wyll graunte vs to f\nde fum ryche myne of golde. l'"or, confyderynge 
 
 and feyngc that this owre region of Italie is replenyfflied with as many excellent thynges as in nianer heauen 
 
 cnn gyue to any habitable place, it is not to bee thought that thij benefite of golde fliuklc bee wantynge, wheras 
 
 it bryngeth finlh fuch plentie of al other mines except this of golde and tynne. And yet doo I verely beleue 
 
 that it is not withowt the mynes of thefe alfo, although they be not yet difcouered to the knowleage of men : 
 
 As I rm perfuaded bothe by the golde that is foundc in the fajd ryuers, and alfo by the dyuers and fundry 
 
 365 
 
 3^'5 
 
 A mvnr of R"M'! 
 ruuiitiebyclMuncf 
 
 A \avne of gnlil« 
 in it kiuiic. 
 
 No sijjnes to be 
 uniittcU. 
 
 338 
 
 , (inMc i^ not 
 foutule in Iil^c 
 (luantitie as .if 
 utlicr luctals. 
 
 '' /irnnmcnte-s of 
 plcntyc uf guide. 
 
 Hftwe (liiirrs 
 w.iyes jjoKIc 19 
 cuu sullied. 
 
 Many h.T.c to 
 rmiche, biil fcwe 
 haue cnuw^h. 
 Italic wasted by 
 the burbarLms. 
 
 ■''oTiimendacion 
 ut luUe 
 
 Ooldc and tynne 
 Muanc minerals 
 
 » B 'I 
 
 I 
 
 . I 
 
Mi 
 
 366 
 
 Of the gcneyation of metals. 
 
 W '1 
 
 \\ '\ 
 
 iHi' i^ 
 
 TTie gol Je of 
 luliu. 
 
 Golde conla\iicd 
 in other mculs. 
 
 The tnaner of 
 paurglnge of goltic. 
 
 339 
 
 Lapis lazuli. 
 
 Asure. 
 
 Howe gnhlc is 
 drawen frome 
 Lapis lazuli with 
 quicke-sylucr. 
 
 The baine or 
 test of Icade. 
 
 The m.incr of 
 P'iiir(jingc guide 
 with leade. 
 
 Whether syhier 
 h.iiie A mine by 
 hit &clfe or no. 
 
 Cft^rf^usAgriiola. 
 
 A tal)le of mineral 
 syluer. 
 
 Tlic workes of 
 nature. 
 
 Mixtc metalcs. 
 
 nicane minerals which are founde in many places and adiudgcd of the practicionars to bee ccrteyne cleare 
 tokens of theyr pro])cr and natural agcntes. But for that they are not found, felte, or feene, we owght not 
 therby to affirme that they are not. To conclude therfore, I thinke that in owr partes of Italic, pure golde is 
 none other wayes fmmde (excente that which is currant amongc the marchauntes) then after twoo fortes, wherof 
 the one is that which is founde in the fandes of ryuers : And the other, that whiche is gotten by the induflrious 
 and fubtyle art of partyng gold from new fyluer, or from giltyng fyluer, or other metals which hold gold, as there 
 are in maner but fewe which hold not fum fmaul portion therof, more or lelTe according to the mixtion and 
 pcrvnnencie of theyr fub(iinces, or accordynge to the qualitie and force of the pianettes which exprefle theyr 
 infiuence in the generation of them. And in fine, this is the golde that which is founde in owre partes of Italic. 
 Nowe therfore to retunie to the matter whereof is owre cliiefe intente to intreate, hauynge before fpoken fuffici- 
 ently of the generation and inuention of the myne of golde, I wyll further declare vnto yowe howe it owght to 
 be pourged from earthly fuperfluitie, and efpecially that whiche is founde lyinge in the forme of veynes, and 
 although I haue not feene the edifi[c]es and engens wherwith the myners are accuRomed to get it owt, yet wyll 
 I fliewe yow howe by other practifcs I haue learned to pourge it, tha; yow may not bee without fum knowleage 
 yf )our fortune flialbe fo good as to fynde any in Italy. When yow haue therfore dygped owt the myne and 
 placed it in order, yow owght to confider in what kynde of flone it is engendered. And if it bee in that which 
 is cauled Zii/>is Lazuli, then mufle yow fo drawe owte the golde that yowe alfo faue the ftone, bycaufe perfecte 
 Afure is made therof, and fuch as the paynters caule Azurro Oltramarino, that is, Afure of beyonde the fea, 
 which they greatly efteme and bye it deare. And to do this, it is neceffary that yowe fyrfl. beate it into fine 
 ponder, and then put it in a trey or brode treene dyfflie, and waffhe it fayre and cleane with water. This 
 done amalgame or rubbe it well with (juickefyluer vntyll it haue lycked vppe and drawne al the golde into it 
 anil left the flone pure of it I'elfe. Tlicn flrayne the quickefylucr from the golde through a bagge of lether, or 
 vapour it away in a flyllatorie of glaffe : And thus flial yowe fynde the golde in the bottorae of the veffell in 
 miner pure without quickefyluer, as 1 haue fayde before. And if yow haue no rcfpecte to faue the flone, it 
 fliall fuffice to vfe the common experience, meltynge it in a fornace in a bayne or telle of leade. But in my 
 opinion, the befl maner to brynge it to pureneffe, is fyrfl to burne the mine with a gentcll fyre in an open 
 fornace, and to fiifter it to euaporate well if it bee not in fuch flone as yowe dcfyrc to faue. Then grynde it in 
 a niylle or beate it with pellej'es adapted with a wheele vntyll it be browght to fine pouder. AntI when yow 
 haue wel waflhed it and fo much walled the fuperfluous earthyneffe therof, then put it in a tefle made 
 accordynge to the quantitie of tiie fame, and melt it thcrin with leade whiche yowe (hall confume partely by 
 vapoure anil partely with drawynre it owt by the fyde of the tefle (as is the maner) vntyll yowe come to the 
 pure golde whiche yowe fliall in fine brynge to perfecte pureneffe in vtterly confuniynge the remanent of the 
 leade with vehL-ment fire increafed by tiie heljje of flroiige bellowes. Anil this is the vniucrfal maner which 
 yow may vfe not only in pourgynge the myne of golde, but alfo the mynes of all other metals. 
 
 0° Of tlic myne offilucv and the qualitie thcnf. 
 
 Here are (as I vnderflandc) diuers opinions emonge the practitionars of the mynes, whether 
 fyluer haue a proi)or myne by it fclfe or no. The rcafons of fuche as writte of the natures of 
 mineralles, and th[e]auloritie of the moft, perfiiade me to alfent to the alTirmatiue : Not only 
 to fee .!.^ iiaiurall matter dillincte, as is to perceaue in the mynes of golde, coi)per, leade and 
 other metals whiche in theyr mynes are found pure by them felues without mixtion, but alfo 
 that I vnderfland that there hath bin found likewyfe ccrteyne pieces afwell of this mettall of 
 filuer, as of gold and copper, browght to his lafle fyneffe by th[i>]only worke of nature. And 
 this dooth G(Vixiiis Ap-icohi a lerned man of Germany confirine in his booke of minerals where he wTitteth 
 that in Saxonie there was found in a caue a piece of mineral filuer of fuch bignes, that the duke the prince and 
 patrone of that place, oiufeil a chayre and fquare dyninge table after the maner of Almanye to be made therof 
 withowte any further woorke of mans hande : Gloryinge often tymes that in this thynge he furmounted tlie 
 greatneffe and magnificence of the Emperoure. But in deede (excepte copper) 1 haue feene no metall taken 
 owte of the caue pure withowt his vre. Yet doo I beleeue it a thynge i)ofl"il)le, confyderinge the greate force and 
 poiire of nature, th[e]ende of whofe woorkynge euer intendeth to bringe all thynges to jierfection as fiirre as it is not 
 otherwyfe hyndered. Yet (as I haue fayde) of the mofle parte' of thofe mynes whiche I haue feene, none of 
 theym haue byn withowt mixture, not only of the earthe of their owne proper myne, but haue byn alfo myxte 
 with other metals : And efpecially this of fyluer more then any other, excepte onlye that which was digged in 
 Schu>, in ViceiUina. And therefore not withowt fum fliaiiow of apparent reafon, haue fuche doubles rifin 
 
 i^ 
 
Of the generation of metals. 
 
 367 
 
 
 amonge the practitionars of the mynes. And yet (;i.s I haue fayd) I beleue that fiUier may haue and hath his 
 proper mine, forafmuche as euery fubRaunce ihat niaj'e 'ip conucrtcd into nietali, may afwell flande by it felfe 
 pure in his owne kynde, as eyther feperate or mixte with other, as is often times feene in one made in the 
 wliiche diners metals are conteyned and engendered by nature. And by this meanes it often chaunceth that 
 he that fpeaketh of the mine of filuer, may with the fame brethe and withowt diftinction, fpeake alfo of all other 
 metales, forafmuche as there are but fewe mynes which are not mixte with other. But bycuufe the niofle 
 noble and ryche metals haue obteyned the prerogatiue to be eftemed aboue other, therfore the name of the 
 niyne is gyuen to tliem wher they are mixte with other : as the mynes which holde copper, leade, or iren, 
 (as doo the mofle parte) yet if they holde nlfo golde or fyluer, they are cauled gold mynes or fyluer mynes, 
 according vnto that which is founde in them to bee of mofl value. But to lette paffe this matter, yowe 
 fhall further vnderflande that when fuche mynes are mixte of dyuers metals, they fhew furth fo much 
 the more diuers and variable fumofites of tinctures and marchafites, as fignes where they bee and of what 
 pureneffe : forafmuch as euery of them according to theyr natures, exalte theyr colours which they fhewe furthe 
 to the eye, fum in the fimilitude of afurine or blewe (loncs, fum greene, fum yelowc, and fum of vndiftinct 
 colours accordynge to the compofitions and mixtures of the fyrfl matters of metals, which is alfo the caufe that 
 they are founde more or leffe in quantitie. Nosve to fpeake more particularly of this metall of fyluer, the 
 philofophers fpeculatours of naturall thynges, faye that it is engendered of fiibflaunce more watery then 
 fyerie, of complexion feminine and flegmatike in comparifon to gold : receauynge more of th[e]influence of the 
 moone then of the fon, and therfore engendered more in coulde regions nerer vnto the moone, then in hotte 
 regions vnder the foonne ; confifling alfo of pure elcmentes, although fumwhat crude and vndygefted in refpecte 
 of the elementes of golde as may bee plainely perceaued by theyr colours, weyght, and fixation. The practi- 
 cionars affirme that it is engendered in a flone lyke vnto Albazano, and alfo in an other flone of a riifl'et, deade, 
 and darke colour ; And is often tymes founde in an other ftone lyke vnto Treuertino or in Traicitim it felfe. 
 The myre hereof, is very ponderous, and hathe in it often tymes certeyne (hynynge graynes : The which howe 
 much the leffe they are like to the poynte of a needle fo muche is the myne founde to bee the perfecter, 
 bycaufe this is a token of purcneflfe and fixion. And when il is founde in a whyte flone, or leade Hone, it is fo 
 muche the better, bycaufe it maye be the eafyer pourged from the (lone and earthyneffe. When alfo it is 
 founde lyinge as it were loofe amonge certeine fcales or cloddes of earth, they faye that it is perfecte, although 
 it haue not to the eye fuche refplendence as other are wonte to haue. They fay alfo that it is engendered in an 
 earth of darke ruflet colour : And that when it is founde in this, it is of great quantitie and perfection, and that 
 there is great plcntie therof within the mountayne : 'I'his alfo to be lo much the better in howe much mure it is 
 fliynynge of the colourc of iren or redde. And that yowe may the better comprehend the fignes of the myne of 
 the forefayde metall, ^oi.c liall vnderfland that euen togyther with the myne, eyther where it is fyrfle founde, 
 or nere vnto the fame, yowe fliall fee certeyne marchafites of yelowe coloure lyke v.ito golde. The which, the 
 more they holde of fuche hyghe colour, fo much the more do they fliewe adufl, or burnt matter and heate, as 
 thynges contrary to the nature of theyr metals. And therfore accordynge to the degrees of fuche colours, 
 yow may in maner iudge of what fatnes or leanenefle the myne is lyke to bee. Such marchafites therfore 
 as fliewe the befl fignes of the goodnefle of theyr mynes, owght in coloure to approche to whyteneffe as 
 much as may bee, and to confyft of fmaule graynes, and not in greate quantitie. And this is a geiierall rule of 
 all marchafites, that howe much the narower and leffe they are, the more do they fliewe the goodnefle of theyr 
 myne. This myne of fyluer is alfo often times founde in a veyne of great quantitie, and yet fo Icane in 
 qualitie that it wyll not beare the charge of the dyggyng, bicaufe it is founde in a harde (lone lyke vnto 
 Aibazano, beinge verye harde to bee dygged < r broken. Sum tymes alfo. it is found in the company of 
 copper or leaie ; Thi. which lykewyfe if it do not furniount the value of the charges, it is noi to bee 
 folowed. OthcMvhyles a'fo, it fo L/iaunceth ,'hat thefe thre metals are founde accompanyed togyther in one 
 myne : In whiche cafe it flialbe necelTarie to vfe aduertifement of arte. And prefuppofynge that yowe defyre 
 to feparate the (yiuer fronie the other nietali, it is neceffarie that yowe increafe the leade. But if yow paffe 
 not to faue neyther the fyluer nor the leade, but only the copper, it flialbe re<iiiifite to proceade with longe 
 and great fye's nuyi 'ne weakefl matters bee confumed. But tliis owght to be doone efpecially in fuch mines 
 as hold iren. Yet neytner for this or thofe, can there any general rule be gyuen, but that accordynge vnto 
 theyr qualitie and naiure, fo owght they to be diuided : And this fo much the more in that they are often 
 tymes mixte with fum drye earthe, or with a quantitie of antimonie or arfenikc, which are matters altogyther 
 euaporable and burnte, or of harde fubftaunce to bee reduced to fufion or meltynge : In fo much tliat the 
 artificers fumtymes beinge ouercuirme of them, leaue them as thynges vnprofitable. VVherof there can none 
 other caufe often times be gyuen, then theyr owne ignorauncc by reafon of extraordinarie and longe fyers whiche 
 they gyue them. And therefore they woorke inordinately in fuch kynd of mynes, except they acconi])anie them 
 in the fufion or meltynge with fuch •'-inges as may defende them from the fyer. For whei-as is fuche abun- 
 
 167 
 
 1 
 
 340 
 
 Diuers metals in 
 one mo&sC' 
 
 In the Indies _ 
 golile fuunde in 
 greate quantitie, 
 pure aud vooiixte- 
 
 The coulour; of 
 mmcral ruiuu:iitcs. 
 
 The generacion 
 and qualitie of 
 
 siluer. 
 
 The influences 
 of the uiuue. 
 
 Stones in the 
 which syiucr is 
 engendered. 
 
 Tlie myne uf 
 &ylucr. 
 
 The mountayne. 
 
 Marchasitcs of 
 
 syiucr. 
 
 What marchasites 
 arc th<: bc^tr 
 sigues. 
 
 Syhier myn[c]s 
 in haide stuncs. 
 
 Syiucr with 
 cupper or leade. 
 
 The dcuydine of 
 siUier from other 
 metals. 
 
 341 
 
 Iren. 
 
 Metals mixte with 
 Aiitiinunie or 
 Artuike 
 
 Howe metals are 
 prcMrucii in 
 fUNioiu 
 

 368 
 
 0/ the getieratioti of metals. 
 
 m. I 
 
 n 
 
 ill 
 
 Svllphnr ;inil 
 mcrcurye. 
 
 Oriinlins and 
 wasshiiitfc uf 
 niyncs. 
 
 The amalgnmynge 
 of mineii with 
 Mercury. 
 
 Mines holclynge 
 t)ie fourthe part 
 of silucr. 
 
 Copper holdinge 
 sylucr. 
 
 Thre vnees vi. of 
 sillier in ciiery 
 hundreth of mine 
 War bctwene 
 Maximilian 
 Th(eIcmperour 
 and the Venecians. 
 
 The mynes of 
 Almanye. 
 
 The marchastte 
 mixtc with the 
 myne. 
 
 342 
 
 (Inunrc eythcr of burnte matter, or of fiiperfliious wateryneffe, wherof the one is cauled Siilphiir or l)rym1one, 
 and the other Mercuric or quickfyhier not fixed, or arfenike, it is necelTarie that tlie one burne tlie fyluer, and 
 the other cary it a way, fo that of the myne there rjfteth none other then an earthye fubflaunce infufible and 
 not able to bee molten. To faue the fayde myne therefore it flialbe retiuifitc to vfe difcrction with much 
 pacience and conueniente meanes, fyrJle after the common maner of woorkynge to euaporate the myne (as wee 
 haue fayde) or withowf euaporation to grinde it fmaule ; then to wafflie it often, and in fine, if not by great 
 fyers, at the leafte by great baynes or tefles of leade to pourge it. And to brynge this effect the more eafely to 
 paffe as much as may be, after that it is grounde yow owght to proue in the fame grindynge or in an other, 
 if it may be amalgamed with Mercuric which is the beft mancr of profe, if the myne bee of a drye nature ; And 
 I knowe that it hath bynne vfed of many to theyr greatc profyte : And efpecially in thofe forte of mynes which 
 I fayde before to bee d_ ggcd in Vigcntiiia in Scliio, beinge very ryche and good. Proue it therfore. For all 
 kyndes of mines do not receaue it. And of this wherof I haue fpoken, I haue intelligence that there hath bynne 
 pieces founde holdyngc a fourth part of fyluer, and fum more then halfe. And this was founde lyinge in maner 
 in the fuperficial'. parte of the earth : and fum tymes in pathes and high wayes. It hath alfo bin founde vnder 
 the rootes of fuche trees as haue byn ouerthrowen by tempefte : and this very perfecte. So that emonp-e all the 
 mynes whiche I haue feene in the dominions of Venice, as in Carnia and in many other places, I can jt faye 
 that I haue feene any better: Although there bee many caues wherof the mofl parte are of copper holdinjc 
 fyluer : and emonge other, that in the mountayne of Aiianzo, where I in the company of certeyne other gentle- 
 men caufed a caue to bee digged. And bycaufe the hole charge was committed to mee, I wente by occafion 
 twyfe into high Almanye to fee the mynes of that countrey, wherby I might haue the better experience to faule 
 to iiractyfe at my returne. In fo much that I founde the mine which we had taken in hande to folowe, to bee 
 very good and ryche : holdynge more then three vnces and a halfe of fyluer in euery hundreth of the myne. 
 And doubtleffe we fluild haue obteyned great commoditie hereby if fortune at that tyme had not rayfed warre 
 betwene Maximilian 'rh[e]emperoure and the fignorie of Venece : which was the caufe that thofe places of //vi/, ;" 
 and Carnia, coulde not be quietly inhabited : whereby we were enforced to forfake owre enterpryfe, ;ind .'^ rai'c 
 and dedroy th[e]order which we had begunne. And by reafon that the warres continued longe, we weri c n 
 (Irayned to diuide owr company, where I alfo departed an other way, hauyng euer in niynde to folowj o'. re 
 attemiited enterpryfe when belter oportunitie fluilde ferue. In the meane tyme returnyng ageine into In'glic 
 Almanie, I made more diligent fearche to knowe the mynes then before : and went to Shoszo, I'/ai/>,r, /[,/]- 
 ffrtich, Alia, and Arottiiibcrgh : frome wlienfe I v cnte into dyuers [)laces of Italy. So that to conclude, 
 the mod and beR mynes whiche I haue fene to holde mofl of fyluer, are thofe that are founde in 
 Vimitiiia in certeyne flones of a dark grey, or ruffet colour, as I haue fayde before. And nowe 
 for a generall ailuertifement, I wyll not omyt to tell yow, that when yow haue attemi)ted to 
 dygge any mynes, and haue founde the marchafite and the myne niyxt togyther, yowe 
 Ihall leaue of yowre woorke, bycaufe it fignifieth that the myne is neare to the fupcr- 
 fidall part of the earth, and that it is of but lytde quantitie. And thus as 
 touchyng this myne of fyluer, I can fay no more fauynge that I haue not 
 j'et fliewed yowe the maner of pourgynge it from earthely grofenes 
 and to bry T;e it to perfect metall. But bycaufe I haue deter- 
 niyned to oeake largely hereof in the proper jilace of the 
 fufion or meltynge of all metals, I haue thowght 
 good to fpeake no further of this matter at 
 this prefente. 
 
 !il 
 

 Of the goicyation of inctals. 
 
 
 THE MANER OF V. ORKYNGE IN GOLDE 
 
 MYNES IN EGIPTE IN OWED TYME, AFTER THE 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF DIODORVS SICVLVS, WHO WROTTE HIS HISTORIE 
 
 caulcd Bibliotheca, fumwhat before the dayes of th[o]emperoure 
 
 Octauianus Auguftus, and before th[e]incarnation of 
 
 Chrift abowt. xl. [forty] yeares. 
 
 He xv^rytcth therefore in his fourthe booke as foloweth. 
 
 jjE haue not thowght good to pretermit howe golile is founde, digged, and wrought amonge the 
 Egiptians. In tlie confines therefore of Egipte where it borthercth with Ethiopia and Arabia, 
 there are certeyne places frutefuli of metalles, owt of the whiche, golde is digged with great 
 laboure and expcnfes. For a bUclie earthe of minerale nature, hath certeyne vaynes of uiolle 
 white marble exceadinge bright and fliyninge. The furueyours of this woorke, haue afTignc''. 
 them a great company of men to woorke and coyne golde. For the kinges of Egipte .re 
 accuflomcd to a])])oynte to th'-fe paynefiiU trauailes, all futhe as haue byn conuicte for cer- 
 teyne crimes and condemned by lawcs, or taken prifoners in the warres, or fuche as haue byn committed to 
 prifon through the indignation of princes who by this meanes haue bothe great vantage by theyr laboure, and 
 punyflie them fufficiently for theyr offenfes. For barbarous and ftrange fouldiers of diuers languagies, bare rule 
 ouer them and kcepe them to theyr worke, in fuche forte diat th[e]afe of fpeache beinge taken from theym, they 
 can not bee corruj^ted by loue or intreatie. They drawe golde owt of the hardefl earth decocte with much f)er. 
 The fofted flone which is broken with meane labour, is digged with inflrumentes of iron by the trauayleof many 
 thoufiinds of men. The fcrier which decerneth the vcines of the myne, go[e]th before the workenien, ap])oynt- 
 ing them the places where they fluiU digge. The marble Rone whiche he flieweth theim, they breake and 
 cleaue with wedgies of iren by the mere llrength of theyr bodies withowte arte. They make theyr fuffe or t aue, 
 not right furthe, but as the bright nature of the golden marble leadeth them, beinge otherwyfe darke and obfcure 
 by reafon of theyr fundry turnes and bendinges diuers wayes. The labourers caryinge lyght before theyr for[e]- 
 heades, digge great flones owt of the myne, whyche they let faule on the ground. From this labour they neuer 
 red, inforeed to contynual woorke with llrokes and contumelious woordes. Children of th[e]age of. xii. [twelue] 
 or. xiii. [tiiirteen] yeares or vppewarde, are diuided into two companyes, whereof the one breake the Hones into 
 fm.iule pieces, and the other cary furth that which is broken. They that are paR th[e]age of. xxx. [thirty] 
 yeares, receaue the fayd broken Rones at theyr hands and beate them in veffels of Rone with niaules of iren, to 
 the quantitie of tares or fytches : which afterward they caR into many miiles, whereby the laboiire of two or 
 three women or owlde men to euery mylle, they are grounde as fmaule as meale. The fylthiialVe of the bodies 
 of thefe labourers, is apparent to all men. For not fo muche as their priuie members are couered with any 
 thinge : And theyr bodies byfyde fo fylthy, that no man can beholde them withowt companion of theyr miferie. 
 But no pitie, no reRe, no remiffion is graunted them, whether they bee men or women, younge or owlde, fyc ke 
 V r feeble : IJut are all with Rrokes inforeed to continuall labour vntyl the poore wretches faynt and often tvnies 
 dye for extreme debiiitie : In fo much tliat many of them for feare of theyr lyfe to coonune (which they th) nke 
 ^^oorfe then the prefent payne) preferre death before lyfe. Wiien they haue thus grounde tiie llones very 
 fmaule, they caR that fubRaunce vppon brode tables inclynyngc fumwhat Ricpe or Randynge a flope, and caR 
 water thereon, Rerynge continually the fayde pouiler of marble : by the meanes wherof the earth and vre of tiie 
 m ne is wafii.i-d away, and the golde as the heauier matter remaynelh on the tables. \\'hen they haue doone 
 tiuis often tymes, ti.ey o;ierturne the golde continually with theyr handes and nd) it with tliynne f|K)onges, owt 
 of the which they prefle a fofte earth, and thus continewe vntyll the ])ure metall remayne lyke vnto golden fande. 
 After that this prep.aration is fynyfflied, other woorkemen receauynge it at theyr handes by ineafure and weyght, 
 caR it into earthen pottes ])uttynge thereto a certeyne jiortion of leadc, with branne of barly, and weedes of 
 the fea cauled reites or oufe. Thefe thynges i)ro|)ortioned aecordin Jy, they clofe the pottes diligently wiih 
 eley, and fo let them Rand in a furneffe with fyer lor the fpace of fyue continuall dayes and nyghtes. In whi( h 
 fpace, al other thinges of contrary mixture beinge confiuned, only the golde is found in the vellels, fumwhat 
 (liminyfflied of the fyrR weyght. And by this labour and diligence is golde poUelfed in the fiirthell parte of 
 Egypt. Wherby, eiien nature her felfe teacheth vs howe laborious it is in fynilynge, tedious in purfuinge, daun- 
 geruus in keepyngc, and in vfe conRitute betwene pleafure and forowe. 
 
 EiiuN. 2 E |(( 
 
 369 
 
 Gnlcl in a l>br(c 
 earthe, and white 
 marble 
 
 Then damned to 
 the nictales as 
 [lowe to the 
 gullies. 
 
 The scricr of tlic 
 vayiie. 
 
 Gulden marblu. 
 
 Tl'.c woorlie uf 
 cliyldrcii. 
 
 My lies. 
 
 The mi>cry of 
 tlic miner!) 
 
 The pnurKiiiRc of 
 the metall frunie 
 tlie vre. 
 
 The niclliiig of 
 
 g..i.if. 
 343 
 
 A'S". 
 
M 
 
 wmt 
 
 B 
 
 a 
 
371 
 
 [The Third English book on America. 
 
 Whic/j is also 
 
 The First English Collection of Voyages, Traffics, & Discoveries. 
 
 Cite ^ttnnti 0£ tlie netoe toorlSe ov tors^t Mttin, etc 
 
 SECTION VII. 
 
 The first two Voyages out of 
 England into Cninea, 
 
 i553'554A.D.] 
 
 1 I 
 
 i\ 
 
i.,. ':! 
 
 I 
 
 I'M 
 
■V 
 
 373 
 
 ttTIIE DISCRIPTION OF THE TWO VIAGES 
 
 MADE OWT OF ENGLAND INTO GVINEA IN AFFRIKE 
 
 AT THE CIIARGi:S OF CERTEYNE MARCHAVNTES ADVENTVRERS 
 of the citie of London, in the ycare of owrc Lorde. 
 
 M.D.LIII. 
 
 Ilat tlicfe vyngcs to Guinea are placed after tlicbookc of Metals as 
 ftparate fronie other vyages, the caufe hereof is, that after I had 
 ck'lyuered tlie fayde booke of metalles to the handcs of the 
 printers, 1 wasdefyrod by certeyne my frendes to make fumme 
 nienlion of thefe viages.tliat funi memorie myght thereof remayne 
 tooH-rpofleritie if eytlier inifiuitie of tymcconfumyngeall thinges, 
 or ignoraunce creepynge in by Ijarbaroufneffc and contempte of 
 knowe!eagc,fluilde hereafter bury inobiiuionfowoortliyaltemptes, 
 fo much tiie greatlyerto bee ellemed as before neuer enterpryfed 
 liy Englyfllie men, or at tlie leaRe fo frequented as at this prefent 
 they are and may bee to the greute commoditie of owrc mar- 
 diauiites, if ilie fimc be not liyndered by th[e]ambifion of fuch 
 as for the conquellynge of fortie or fyftic niyles here and there, 
 and erectynge of certeyne fortreffes or rather ijlockhoufes amonge 
 naked [leople, thinke them felues woorthy to bee lordes of 
 ha U: the worlde.enuying that other fliulde enioy the commodities 
 which they them felues can not holy poflelTe. And althougli fuch 
 as haiie byn at charges in the difcoiicrynge and t oncjucflynge of fuch landcs, owght by gooil reafon to 
 haue certeyne i)riuilegies, preeminencies, and tributes for the fame, yet (to f[)eake vnder correction) it may 
 feeme fumwhat rigorous and ageynfl good reafon and ccjnfcience, or rather ageynfl the charitio that owght 
 to bee anuinge C'hryllen men, that fuch as violentely inuade the dominions of other, fluild not [jcrmit other 
 frendely to \fe the trade of marciuindics in places neuer or feldome frei|ucnted of them, wherby iheyr trade is 
 not hindered in fuch places where they tliem felues haue at theyr owne election appuynted the martes of theyr 
 trafike. lUit forafnuKlic as at this prefente it is not my intent to accufe or defend, ai)])roue or improue, I wil 
 ccafe to fpcake any further hereof, and proceade to the defcri|ilion of the fyvfl vi.ige as briefely and faythfully as 
 I was aduerlifeil of the fame by lh[e]iiiformation of fucli cretlible [lerfons as made diligent imiuilition to knowe 
 the truth hereof as much as niall)e rei|uifite, omyttynge to fpeake of many jiarticular thynges not greatly necef- 
 farie to be knowen ; whiche neuerihcieffe with alfo th[e]e.\act courfe of the nauigation, flial be more fidly 
 declared in the fecund vyage. And if herein fuunire or frendfliyiipe fliall i)erha|)pes caufe fum to thinke that 
 fum haue byn lliar[iely touched, let them layea jiarte fauoure and frendfliippe and gyue place to truth, that honefl 
 men may receaue jmiyfe for well doinge. and lewde perlons rejmjche as the iull llipende of theyr euyl! defertes, 
 whereby other may bee deterred to do the lyke, and vertuous men encouraged to jiroceade in honed attemptes. 
 IJut that thefe vyages may bee more playnely vnderllode of al men, 1 haue thowght good for this purpofc 
 before I intreate hereof, to make a brecfe tleicription of AflVica beinge that greate parte of the worlde, on whofe 
 Welle fyde begynnrth the coafl of Guinea at Cabo Wrde abowt the. xii. [twt-lve] degrees in latitude on this 
 fyde the Iviuinoctiall line, and two degrees in longitude from the meafurynge line, fo runnynge from the north 
 to the fouth and by call in fum places within v. iiii. and. iii. degrees anil a halfe within the Kquinoctiali, 
 and fo furth in maner dircc tly eaR and by north for the fpace of. xxxvi, [thirty -six] degrees or there abowt in 
 longitude from the Well to the Kail, as fliall more playnely appere in the defcryption of the fecondc vyage. 
 
 2 li 2 37J 
 
 Amhition. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 'rhe co.lst of 
 Guinea, 
 
 !• 
 
 il'i 
 
 'M 
 
374 
 
 The vyagc to Ciiiuca. 
 
 ..i; 
 
 1', 
 
 In 
 
 11 
 
 r?) 
 
 ^i 
 
 ( 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 'r 
 
 
 i 
 
 j 
 
 ii 
 
 1 
 
 1' 
 
 t 
 
 1 
 
 lii 
 
 344 
 
 Ttmncs. 
 
 Tripiili. 
 Kumiilia. 
 
 IlandcR of Tumic 
 Malta. 
 
 The discrtcs of 
 I.ibi;t. 
 
 IJ^irbarie. 
 M;iurit:\[iia. 
 
 The kiiiu(l"ni<i of 
 
 Fes and iii.urock. 
 
 Trcmcsiii. 
 
 Oram. 
 
 NasMquibcr 
 
 Sallx 
 
 Azaiiior. 
 
 The Ilandcs nf 
 Caiiaric. 
 Guinea, 
 Ethiopians. 
 
 Marrocko. 
 
 Trcmesin. 
 Guinc;i. 
 
 Africa the grcnt. 
 
 AlTrikc the lesse. 
 
 Carthage. 
 
 rrestcr luhii. 
 
 Cape de Ruona 
 
 Speranra. 
 
 Tlic sea of saiuie. 
 
 Alc.dr. 
 
 345 
 
 Frnni whense the 
 quct'iiu of Sab;i 
 cainc. 
 Manicongiii. 
 
 'I'lie eanhly 
 Parailysi:. 
 The trees of the 
 soonne and 
 mount:. 
 
 A 
 
 BRKl'FE DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 A 
 
 FFRIKE, 
 
 [N AfTrira the lelTe are thefe kyngcdomcs : The kyngedome of Tunes, and Condantina which is 
 at this day vnder Tuncj, and alfo the region of 15ugia, TripoH, and Ezzab. This part of 
 Afrike is very barcn by reafon of the grcate defertcs, as the defertes of Numidia and liarcha. 
 The principall portes of the kyngedome of Tunes are thefe : Golctta, Bizerta, Portofarnia, 
 Bona, and Stora. 'i'he chiefe cities of Tunes, are Condantia and Bona with dyuers other. 
 Vnder this kyngedome are many llandes, as Zerbi, Lampadola, Pantakirca, Limofo, Beit, 
 (lamelaro, and Maha where at diis prefente is the greate mailer of the Rodcs. Vnder the 
 fouliie of this kyngedome, are the great defertes of Libia. Al the nations [of] this Africa the 
 less, are of the fecte of Machomet and a ruRicall people lyuynge fcattered in vyllages. The befle of this parte 
 of Afrike, is Barbaria lyingt on the coafle of the fea Alediterraneum. 
 
 Mauritania (nowe cauled Barbaria) is diuided in two partes, as Mauritania Tingitania, and Cefarienfis. 
 Mauritania Tingitania, is nowe cauled the kyngdome of Fes and the kyngedome of Marrocko. The principall 
 titie of Fes, is auiled FelTa ; and the chiefe citie of Marrocko, is named Marrocko. Mauritania Cefarienfis is 
 at this day cauled the kyngedome of Tremifen, with alfo the citie cauled Temifen or Trelenfin. This region 
 is full of defertes, and reacheth to the fea Mediterraneum to the citie of Oram with the porte of Maflaquiber. 
 The kyngedome of Fes reachethe vnto the Ocean fea from the Wefl to the citie of Argilla : and the porte of 
 the fayde kyngedome is cauled Salla. 
 
 'rhe kyngedome of Marrocko is alfo extended aboue the Ocean fea vnto the citie of Azamor and Azafi 
 whiche are aboue the Ocean fea towarde the Well of the fayde kyngdome. In Mauritania Tingitanea (that is 
 to fay in the two kyngedomes of Fes and Marrocko) are in the fea, the llandes of Canarie cauled in owlde time 
 the fortunate llandes. Toward the fouth of this region, is the kyngcilome of Guinea, with Senega, laiofo, 
 Gambra, and manye other regions of the blacke Moores cauled Ethiopians or Negros, all whiche are watered 
 with the ryuer Negro cauled in owlde tyme Niger. In the (iiyde regions are no cities : but only certcyne lowe 
 cotages made of bouwes of trees plallered with chauke and couered with ilrawe : In thefe regions are alfo very 
 great defertes. 
 
 The kyngedome of Marrocko hath vnder it thefe feuen kyngedomes : Hea, Sus, Guzula, the territorie of 
 Marrocko, Duchala, Hazchora, and Telde. The kyngedome of Fes hath as many : as Fes, J'eniefne, Azgar, 
 F.labath, Errifi, Garet, and Elcauz. The kyngedome of Tremifen hath thefe regions : Tremifen, Tenez, and 
 Elgazact, all which are Machometifles. But all the regions of Guinea are pure Gentyles and Idolatours withowt 
 proleffion of any religion or other knowleage of god then by the lawe of nature. 
 
 Africa the great, is one of the three partes of the worlde knowen in owlde tj'me and feuered from Afia, on 
 the Eall by the ryuer Nilus: On the Well, from Eurojie by the pillers of Hercules. The hyther part is nowe 
 cauled Barbaric, and the people Moores. The inner parte is cauled Libia and Ethiopia. Afrike the lefle is in 
 this wyfe bounded: On the wefl it hath Numidia: On the eafl Cyrenaica : On the north, the fea cauled Medi- 
 terraneum. In this countrey was the noble citie of Carthage. 
 
 In the Eafl fyde of Afrike beneth the redde fea, dwelluth the greate and myghtye Emperour and Chryftian 
 kyngc Preller lohan, well knowen to the Portugales in iheyr vyages to Calicut. His dominions reache very 
 farre on euery fyde : and hath vnder hym many other kynges both Chryllian and hethen that pay hym trybute. 
 This myghty prynce is cauled Dauid Th[e]eniperour of Ethiopia. Sum wryte that the kynge of Portugale 
 fendeth hym yearely. v'ii. [eight] Ihyppes laden with marchaundies. His kyngedome confuieth with the redde 
 fea, and reacheth farre into Afrike tonarde Egypte and Barbaric. Southwarde it confmeth with the fea towarde 
 the cai)e t/f Buoiia Spcmuso : and on the other fyde with the fea of fande cauled Mare ik Sabuuie, a very 
 (laungerous fea, lyinge betwene the great citie of Alcaer or Cairo in Egypte and the countrey of fclthiopia : In 
 the whiche way are many vnha[bita]ble defertes continuinge for the fpace of fyue dayes iorney. And they affirme 
 that if the fayde Chryftian Emperour were not hyndered by thofe defertes (in the which is great lacke of vittayles 
 and efpecially of water) he wolde or nowe haue inuaded the kyngedome of Egypte and the citie of Alcayer. 
 The chiefe citie of Ethiope where this great Emi)erour is refydent, is cauled Amacaiz beinge a fayre citie, whofe 
 inhabitauntes are of the coloiire of an olyue. There are alfo many other cities, as the citie of Sana vppon the 
 ryuer of Nilus where Th[e]emperoure is accullomed to remayne in the foommer feafon. 'J'here is lykewyfe 
 a great citie named Barbaregaf: And Afcon from whenfe it is fayde that the (|ueene of Saba came to 
 lerufalem to heare the wyfdome of Salomon. This citie is but lyttle, yet very fayre and one of the chiefe 
 cities in Ethiope. In the fayde kyngdome is a prouince cauled Manicongni, whofe kynge is a Moore 
 and tributarie to Th[e]emi)erour of Ethiope. In this prouince are many exccdynge hyghe mountaynes Vjpon 
 the which is fayde to be the earthly Paradyfe ; And fum fay that there are the trees of the foonne and moone 
 whereof the antiouitie niaketh mention : yet that none can paffe thyther by reafon of greate defertes of a 
 hundreth dayes iorney. Alio beyondc thefe mountaynes, is the cape of Buona Speranza. And to haue fayde 
 thus much of Afrike it may fulhce. 
 
The fyyjl vyagc to Guinea. 
 
 375 
 
 HiHHB^p^lw^H 
 
 ^B| 
 
 Dl 1 ^B^^ "*« 
 
 
 Ib^^^ I 
 
 r^^i^li^J 
 
 
 Etc? jj^ yii 
 
 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 ipfe-SBSTOM 
 
 
 ^^P 
 
 
 ^^^1 
 
 ^^^^'HI 
 
 m 
 
 C THE FYRST WAGE TO GVKNEA. 
 
 N the ycare of owte Lorde. M. D. LIII. the. xii. [twelfth] day of 
 Aiigull, fayled from Porcliemouth two goodly fliyppes, the Pritn- 
 rofe and the Lion, with a pynnefle cauled the moone ; beinge all 
 well furnyfflied afwell with men of the lufliefl forte to the number 
 of feiicn fcore, as alfo with ordinaunce and vyttayk-s re(juifite to 
 fuch a vyage : Haiiynge alfo two capitaynes, tiie one a flraunger 
 cauled Antoniades I'inteadoa Portugale, borne in a towne named 
 the porte of Portugale, a wyfe, difcrete, and fober man, who for 
 his cunuynge in faylynge beinge afwell an exi)ert ])ylot as poly- 
 tyke cajjitayne, was fumtyme in greate fauoure with the kynge of 
 Portugale. and to whom the coaRes of Urafile and Ciuinea were 
 conimjtted to bee kepte from the Frenchemen to whom he was 
 a terroure on the fea in thofe partes ; and was furthermore a 
 gentleman of the kinge his mailers houfe. But as fortune in 
 maner neuer fauoureth but flattereth, neuer proniifeth but 
 deceaueth, neuer rayfeth but cafteth downe ageyne, and as great 
 wealth and fauour hath alwayes companions emulation anil enuie, 
 he was after many aduerfites and quarels made ageynfl hym, inforced to come into Englande : where in this 
 goUlen vyage he was euyll matched with an vnequall coompanion and vnlyke matche of moll fimdry (lualilies 
 and conditions with vertues few or none adourned, with vices dyuers and many fowly fijotted, knowen of many 
 without profyte, and defyred of fewe or none for his wyckednes : whofe fniaule ac(iuayntaunce was [>rofitable to 
 all men, and his familiar conuerfation an vndoinge, that happye was the man or woman that knewe hym not, he 
 for his gooddes and Ihe for her name. In fine, vnfortunate was the coompany that had owght to doo with hym: 
 in fo much that it was no maruayle that fo goodly an enterpryfe with fo noble a furniture of men, lliyp[)es, and 
 ordinaunce of all fortes, with all kynde of vyttayles and that of fo great abundaunce, had fo fmaul fuccelTe : 
 which could be none otherwyfe w' r fo foule a fpotte dyd blemyfflie, ye rather deface the refl. Thus departed 
 thefe noble fliyr-, es vnder fayle on theyr vyage. 15ut firfl this capitayne W'yndam, ])uttyng fiirth of his fliyp at 
 Porchmouth, a kynfeman of one of the headde marchauntes, and fliewynge herein a muller of the tragical partes 
 he had conceaued in his brayne, and with fuch fmaule begynninges nuryfflied fo monllrous a byrth, that more 
 happy, yea and blefled was that yoimge man beinge lefte behynde then if he had byn taken with them, as fiun 
 doo wyfflie he had doonne the lyke by theyrs. Thus fayled they on theyr vyage vntyl they came to the Ilandes 
 of Madera where they toke in certeyne wynes for t'.ie Rore of theyr fliyjipes, and payde for them as they agreed 
 of the price. At thefe Ilandes they met with a great gallon of the kynge of Portugale full of men and ordi- 
 naunce : yet fuche as coulde not haue jireuayled if it had attempted to withRande or refyR owre lhy])pes, for 
 the which caufe it was fet furth, not only to lette and interrujite thefe owre fliypi)es of theyr purpofed vyage, 
 but all other that fludde attempte the lyke : Yet chiefely to fruRrate owre vyage. For the kyng of Portugale 
 was fmiRerly informed that owre Riyppes were armed to his caRel of Mina in thefe parties, wheras nothing lelfe 
 was ment. 
 
 After that owr fliyppes departed from the Ilandes of Madera forwarde on theyr vyage, began this woorthy 
 cajjitaine Pinteados forowe as a man tormented with the company of a terrible hydra who hytherto flattered with 
 hym and made hym a fayre countenance and Riewe of loue. Then djtl he take vpiion h)in to commaunde all 
 alone, fettynge nowght bothe by capitayne Pinteado with the :eRe of the marchaunte factours ; fumtymes with 
 opprobrious woordes and fumtynies with threatenynges moR fliamefully abufynge them, takinge from Pinteado 
 the feruice of the boys and certeyne mariners that were alfigned hym by [e]order and direction of the woor- 
 fliypfull marchauntes, and leauynge hym as a common maryner, which is the greateR defpite and greefe that 
 can be to a Portugale or Spanyarile to be diminyflhte theyr honoure which they eReeme aboue all rycheffe. 
 Thus faylyng forward on theyr vyage, they came to the Ilandes of Canarie, continuynge theyr courfe from thenfe 
 vntyll they arryued at the Ilande of faynt Nicolas where they vyttayled them felues with frefRie meate of the 
 
 The Prymroae 
 
 Tbi. I.yc.n. 
 The Muuiie 
 
 I'iiitcado. 
 
 Urasile. 
 Guinea. 
 
 The n.miTyiig of 
 rurluiic. 
 
 Tlic Ptlel 
 
 CiitlflllliUls of 
 
 Wyiul.im. 
 
 The Ilandes of 
 Madcrx 
 
 A Ralcon of 
 ihu kiti;;c of 
 Purlu^alc. 
 
 The castel of 
 Miiu. 
 
 346 
 
 Howe Wyndam 
 abu;3t:d i'inleado. 
 
 The Hanilcs of 
 
 Canarie. 
 
 The Ilandc of, 
 
 S. NicuUs. 
 
 ■■. 
 
h'l 
 
 t^h 
 
 11 
 
 nl 
 
 
 til 
 
 It 
 
 376 
 
 Guinea. 
 
 Tlie ryuer of 
 Sesiu. 
 
 Gray lies. 
 
 Tliethristofgoltle. 
 
 The castel of 
 
 niL'n.i. 
 
 The iiu.imil[i]e of 
 
 guide. 
 
 Benin. 
 Tcpiicr. 
 
 Furie adinittcth 
 Ul) cuuii^ay.c. 
 
 The Rossia. 
 Rottinge hcnte. 
 Scorchinge hcatc. 
 Henin. 
 
 Francisco. 
 Nicolas Lainhert. 
 The kyng of 
 licntn hi:^ court- 
 
 347 
 
 Kciicrence 
 
 luwardethtikyngo. 
 
 The fyrjl vyagc to Guinea. 
 
 The 
 
 communicAtion 
 betwctie the kyngc 
 of ileiiinaiiil uwr 
 men. 
 
 Pepper. 
 
 The kyngcs 
 gcntlcncsse 
 toWArde uwr men. 
 
 flcfllio ofwylde goates whereof is great plcntie in lliat Ilaiido and in nianer of nothyng elfe. I'roni liciife folowynge 
 on tlu'yr courfe, and taryingo here aiul there at the deferte Ilaiides in the waye, Ityc.iiife they wolde rot coonie 
 to lyiiiely to the coiintrey of (Jiiinea for tlie heate, and taryinge fumwhat to loiiLje (for wiiat ran bee wel 
 mynyflred in a common weahh where ineiiiialitie witli tyrannic wyll rule alone) they came at the length to the 
 fyrfl lande of the countrey of Guinea where they fell with the great ryuer of Sello where they myglit for theyr 
 marthaundies haue laden theyr fliyjipes with the graynes of that countrey, which is a very hotte fruie, and much 
 lyke vnto a fygge as it groweth on the tree. l''oras the fygges are full offmaule feedes, fo is the fayde friite ful of 
 graynes which are lofe within the coilde. hauynge in the myddefl thereof a hole on euery fyde. 'I'iiis kynde of 
 fpice is much vfed in coulde countreys, and may there be foKle for great aduantage for th[e]exchaunge of other 
 wares. But owr men by the perfuafion or ratiier inforcement of this tragicall capitayne, not regardynge and 
 fettyng lyght by that commoditic in comparafon to the fme gold they thrifled, fayled an hundreth leacpies further 
 vntyl they came to the golden lande : where not attemptingc to come ncrc the caflell perteynynge to the kynge 
 of I'ortugale, whiche was within the ryuer of Mina, made fale of theyr ware onely on this fyde and beyonde it 
 for the golde of that countrey to the quantitie of an hundreth and fiftie poundcs wej'ght, there beinge in cafe 
 that they myght haue difpatched al theyr ware for goldo, if die vntanie brayne of Wyndam had or could haue 
 gyuen eare to the counfayle and experien<e of I'inteado. For when that Wyndam not fatiffied with the golde 
 whiche he had (and more myght haue hail if he had taryed aliowt the Mina) commaundynge the fajde Pinteado 
 (for fo he toke vppon hym) to leade the fliyppes to Benin beinge vnder the Hipiinoctial line and a hundreth and 
 fiftie leaques beyonilc the Mina where he loked to haue theyr fliyppes laden with pepper : And beinge coun- 
 fayled of the fayd'j Pinteado confyderynge the late tyme of the yere for that tymc to go no further but to make 
 fale of theyr wares fuch as they had for golde wherby they myght haue byn great gayners. But ^\'ynd^n1 not 
 affentynge hereunto, fell into a fuddeyne rage, reuilyiige the fayde Pinteado, caulynge hym lewe with other 
 opprobrious woordes, fayinge. This horfon lewe hath proniifed to brynge vs to fuch places as are not, or as 
 he can not bring vs vnto. But if he doo not, I wyl cat of his eares and naile them to the mad. Pinteado gauc 
 the forfayde counfayle to goo no further for the fafeguard of the men and theyr lyues, which they fliulde put in 
 daungioure if they came to late for the roffia which is theyr wynter, not for coulde but for fmothcrynge heate 
 with clofe and cloudy aycr and florminge wether of fiiche putrifyiiige qualitie that it rotted the cotes of theyr 
 backes : Or els for coommynge to foonne for the fcorchynge heate of the fonne which caufed them to lynger in 
 the way. But of force and not of wyll, browght he the Ihyppes before the ryuer of IJenin : where rydynge at an 
 anker, fente theyr pinneffe vp into the ryuer fiftie or threfcore leaques, from wlienfe ccrteyne of the marchauntes 
 with capitajiic Pinteado, Francifco a Portugale, Nicolas I»iiiibert gentleman, and other iiiarchauiites were con- 
 ducted to the courte whore the kyng remayned. x. [ten] lea<iucs from the ryuer fytle : whyther when they came, 
 they were browght wi'h a greate company to the prefence of the kynge who beinge a blacke moore (althoughe not 
 fo blacke as the reR) fat in a great houge haidc longe and wyde, the walles made of earthe withowte wyndowes, 
 the roofc <>{ tliynne boordes open in fundry places lyke vnto louers to lette in the ayer. 
 
 And here to fpeke of the great reuerence they gyue to their kynge, beinge fuch that if wee wolde gyue as 
 much to owr fauiour Chryfl, we Ihukl remouc from owr heades many plages which wee dayly deferue for owre 
 conterapte and im[)ietie. 
 
 So it is therfore, that when his noble men are in his prcfenco, they neuer looke hym in the face, but fyt 
 courynge, as wee vppon owre knees fo they vpjion theyr buttockes with theyr elbowes vpjion theyr knees and 
 theyr handes beelbre theyr faces, not lookyuge vppe vntyll the kynge commaunde them. And when they are 
 commynge towarde the kynge as farre as they do fee hym, do they fliewe fuch reuerence fytting on the grounde 
 with theyr faces coucred as before. L)-kewife when they depart iVom hym they turne not the}r backes towarde 
 hym, but go creepynge backewarde with lyke reuerence. 
 
 And nowc to fpeake fumwhat of the communication that was betwene the kynge and owre men, yowe fliall 
 fyrfl. vnderfl.ande that he hym felfe coulde fpeake the Portugale toiinge which he had lerned of a cliylde. 
 Therfore after that he had commaunded owre men to fl.ande vp, and demaunded of them the caufe of theyr com- 
 mynge into that countrey, they anfwered by Pinteado that they were marchauntes traua)lyngc into thofe parties 
 for the commodities of his countrey for exchaunge of wares which they had browght from theyr countreys, beinge 
 fuch as fhulde bee no leffe commodious for hini and his people. The kynge then hauynge of owlde lyinge in 
 a certeyne ftorc houfe thirtie or fortie kyntals of pepper (euery kyntall beinge an hundreth weyght) wyllynge 
 them to looke vppon the fame, and ageyne to brynge hym a fyght of fuche marchaundies as they had browght 
 with them. And thervppon fent with the capitayne and the marchauntes certeyne of his men to conducte them 
 to the waters fyde, with other to brynge the ware from the pinneffe to the courte. Who when they were returned 
 and the wares feene, the kynge grewe to this ende with the marchauntes, to pi-ouyde in thirtie dayes the ladynge 
 of all theyr fliyppes with pepper. And in cafe theyr marchaundies wokle not extende to the value of fo niuclie 
 pepper, he promyfed to credite them to theyr nexte returne : and therevppon fente the countrey rounde abowt 
 .176 
 
The fyfjl vyngc to Guinea. 
 
 377 
 
 tn gallicr popper, caiifynKi-' llic f.uuL' to be browglu to the courtc : So tli.it uiihiii tlic fp.uc of. x.w. [iliiit) ] d^ys 
 tlicy had };atlKTC(l foiirc fcorc toonne of p('|)pcr. 
 
 In tlif iiK-ane fcafon owrc men y)artly liaiiyiige no rule of them fcUus, hut catyn}; wiiluiwt nu'.ifiiro of ihe 
 frufcs of the coiintrcy, and (Irynkyng the wjnc of the p.ihne trees th.it (h-uppeili in the nyght from tlie ciilte 
 brandies of the fame, and in fiu h extreeme heate runnynge continually into the water, not vfed before to fiieh 
 fuddeync and vehement altcracions (then the which nothyn{,'e is more daim(^eroiis) were therby browght into 
 fwellyngcs and ai^iiefs. In fo much th.it the later tyme of the yearc commyng on, caufcd them to dye fiinUymes. 
 iii. [three] and funUymes. iiii. [four] or. v. [five] in a day. Then Wyndam perieanyng the tyme of the. xxx. 
 [thirty] dayes to be expyred, and his men dying fo fid, fente to the lourte in polle to capitayne I'inteado and 
 the rell to come away and to tary no longer. liiit I'inteado with the rell, wrote backe to hyin ageyiie, certifjuge 
 hym of the greate cjuantitie of pepper they had alredy gathered and loked dayly for much more; Dt-fyrynge 
 liirthcrniore to remember the great prayfe and name they fliiilde wynne if they came home profperouny, and 
 what Ihame of the contrary. With which anfwere ^Vynllanl not fatifiied, and many of theyr men dyinge dayly, 
 wylled and conmiaunded them ageine eyther to coomme away furthwith, or els thretened to leaiie them beh) nile. 
 When I'inteado harde this anfwere, thynkynge to perfiride hym with reafon, tooke his way iVom the court towarde 
 the fliyppes beinge conducted thyther with men by the kyngcs commaundement. 
 
 In the meanc feafon Windam all rageinge, brake vjipe I'inteados Caben, broke open his ( hefles, fpoyled fiiche 
 ])roiiifyon of coulde flilled waters and fuckettes as he hade prouided for his health, and lefte hym nothynge neyther 
 of his inflrumentes to fayle by, nor yet of his ajiparell. And in the nieane tyme f.iiilinge f\cke hym felfe, dyed alfo. 
 Whofe death I'inteado comming aborde, lamented as miiche as if he had byn the derell frend he had in the worlde. 
 Hut certeyne of the maryners and other officers dyd fpette in his face, fum caulynge hym Icwc, faying that he hail 
 browght them thether to kylle them ; And fum drawynge theyr fwordes at hym makyngc A fliewe to lley hym. 
 'I'hen he perceauinge that they wolde ncdes away, defyred them to tary that he might fetch the relle of the iiiar- 
 chauntes that were lefte at the court. But they wolile not graunte his rei|iiell. Then defyred he them to gyue hym 
 the fliippe boatc with as muche of an owlde fayle as myght ferue for the fame, jiromifynge them therewith to bringe 
 Nicolas I.amberte and the reft into England ; But all was in vayne. Then wrotte he a letter to the courte to the 
 marchauntes informyngc them of all the matter, and promyfynge them if god wolde lende hym life to reluriie with 
 al ha(l[e] to fetche theni. And thus was I'inteado ke[)te a bordeniipi)c ageynlle his wyll, tlirull aiiionge the 
 boyes of the fliippe, not vfed like a man, nor yet like an honell boy : But glad to find fauoure at the cokes 
 hande. Then departed they, leaning one of theyr fliippes behynile them, wliiche they ftionke for lake of men 
 to cary her. After this within fi.xc or feiien days faylinge, dyeil alfo I'inteado for very penfiuenelTe and thowght 
 that flrooke hym to the harte : A man worthy to ferue any [irince and niofl vilely vfed. And of feuen fcore 
 men came home to I'lymmuowth fcarfely fortye, anil of them many dyed. And that no man fliukle fufpecte 
 thefe wordes which I haue fayd in commendation of Pintcado, to be fpoken vpon fauour otherwyfe then truth, 
 I haue thought good to adde hcrevnto the coppie of the letters which the kyng of I'ortugale and the infant his 
 brother wrote vnto hym to reconcyle hym at fuche tyme as vpiion the kynge his maflers difplcafure (and not 
 for any other cryme or offence as may appere by the fayde letters) he was onely for [louertic inforced to coomme 
 into iCnglande where he fyrfl perfuaded owre marchauntes to attempte the fayde vyages to (iuinea. But as the 
 kynge of I'ortugale to late repented hym that he had fo punyflhed I'inteado vpjion malicious informations of fuch 
 as enuied the mans good fortune, euen fo may it hereby appcrc, that in fum cafes, cuen Lyons them felues, may 
 eyther bee hyiidered by the contempt or ayded by the heipe of the pore myfe accordynge vnto the fable of I'-fope. 
 
 C The coppic of Antoniaiics Pintcado his letters patcntcs xviicrhy the hynge of Portitgale 
 
 made liym kiiyght of Ids houfc after all his troubles and imprifonment, xchich 
 
 by wrongc information made to the hynge, he hadfuflcyned of longe tyme, 
 
 beinge at the lajle deli\ji^red, his caufe hnozcen and manife/led 
 
 to the kynge by a grey fryer the kyngcs cvifcffonre. 
 
 The kynge do gyue yow to vnderftande lorde Francis P' 1!.. ja one of my counfayle and ouer- 
 feer of my houfe, that in confideration of the good feruice which Anionic Anes I'inteado, the 
 fonne of lohn Anes, dwellynge in the towne caultd the porte, hath doone vnto me, my wyll 
 and pleafure is, to make hym knyght of my houfe, alowynge to hym in jienfion feuen hundreth 
 reys monedily, and euery daye one alcayr of barly as longe as he kepeth a horfe, and to bee 
 payde accordynge to the ordinaunce of my houfe. Prouydynge aiwayes that he flial reeeaue 
 but one mariage gyfte : And this alfo in fuch condition that the tyme which is excepted in owre 
 
 The t!I.inrilir .iiul 
 dcilh ul uwrc iiiciL 
 
 The fiirip of 
 Wynditm. 
 
 The ilenlh of 
 W'yndam. 
 
 I'intLMdo euil vscj 
 iif ihu iiiaryiicrs, 
 
 348 
 
 TIip (Ic.ilh ol 
 rinlc.iJo, 
 
 Scuen hundrrth 
 rcys are. x. s. [ten 
 shillings]. 
 Alcayr. is lialfc 
 a buhhel 
 
 ./ 
 
378 
 
 The fyyjl lyagc to Cin'iica. 
 
 1,1 1 * 
 
 U.K 
 
 349 
 
 oriliiKUincc forliydilyiij^c fiicli iiu'ii to ninry for j^a'ltynpe fiu h f lijldriMi ns mynl>t fucccailc llicin in this nlcnvance, 
 wliirli is I'yxc ycarcs :iUiT tlic iiwk\ii;;L' ol tiiis ikUiiUl', (liallic I'yillc t'.\|iirfil lii'lorc liu' do liKiiy. 1 tlicrforo 
 comiii.uiiKlc yowc to caufc this to hoc nUficd in liic bonkc caiili.'d the Matricol.i of owrc liuiillioldc vikIlt tiie 
 tytlc of knyghtcs. And when it is fo entered, let the clerke of the Matrieola for the certentie therof, wryte on 
 the barke fyde of this Ahiala or patente, the nunil)er of the leafe wherein this owre gruunt is entered. Which 
 tloone, let hym returne this wrytynge vnto tlie fayd Antonie Ancs I'inteatlo for his w.irrant. 
 
 1 Diego Henriqiies haue wryttell this in Alinarin the xxii. [twenty-fecond| d.iy uf September, in the yiar- 
 of owre lorde. 1551. And tiiis beneuolence the kyiige gaue vnto Antunie Anes I'iiUeado the. xxv. [twenty li.lh] 
 day of luly this prelent yeare. 
 
 Key. ■ .— 
 
 TJtc fccfctarics dcclanition wry t ten viidcr the hyiiges gmiiiit. 
 
 Owre maieflie hath vouchfafed in refjject and confyderation of the good feriiice of Antonie 
 Anes I'inteado dwellynge in the porte, and foonne of lohn Anes to inake hym knyght of 
 yowre houfe with ordinarie alowance of feiien hinidreth reys penlion byt he moiieth and one 
 Alcayr of barley by the day as longe as he keejjetli a horfe : And to bee ])ayde aecordyng 
 to the ordinaimce of yowr houfe w ith condition tiiat he fliall haue but one niariage gyfte : 
 And that not within the fpace of. vi. [fix] yeares after the niakynge of thefe letters patentes. 
 The fecretaries note. F itered in the booke of the Matricola. i'ol. O83. 
 
 Francijco tic Siqiicra, 
 
 C The coppic of t lie letter of Don Leives th'{c'\infant and brother to the kyngc 
 of Portngale: fent into Englande to yintonianes Pintcado. 
 
 |Ntonie Ancs Pintcado, I the infant brother to the kynge, haue me hartely commended "nto 
 yow. Peter Gonfalues is gone to feeke yow, defyrynge to brynge yowe home ageyr ) 
 
 yowr countrey. And for that purpofe, hath with hym a fafe conduct for yow, gram 
 the kynge, that thereby yowe may freely and withowt all feare come home. And a... ,1 
 the wether be foule and flormy, yet fayle not to come. For in the tyme that his maieRie 
 hath gyuen yow, yow maye doo many thynges to yowre contentacion and gratifying the kynge, 
 wherof 1 wolde bee ryght gladde : and to brynge the fame to pafle wyll doo all that lyeth in 
 re profyte. But forafmueh as Peter Gonfalues wyll make further declaration hereof vnto yow, I fay 
 this prefent. Wrytten in Luxburne the. viii. [eighth] day of December. Anno. M. D. LII. 
 
 C The Infant don Lci>.'\c\s, 
 
 L thcfe forfayd wrytynges I (ciwe vnder fe[a]le in the houfe of my frcnde Nicolas I.yefe with 
 whom Pinteado left them at his vnfortunate departynge to Guinea. But notwithflanding all 
 thefe frendly letters and fayre promyfes, Pintcado durfte not attempte to go home, neyther 
 to keepe company with the Portiigales bis countrey men withowt the prefence of other, foraf- 
 mueh as he had fecreate admonition that they intended to fley hym, it tyme and place myght 
 haue ferued theyr wycked intent 
 
 me for yow 
 no more at 
 
 r8 
 
The fccondc vya^c to Guinea. 
 
 379 
 
 Vr THE SECONDE WAGE TO GVINEA. 
 
 I 
 
 S in the fyrft vyafje I Iiaiic declared rather the order 
 of the hyftory then the coiu-fe of the naiii,L;ation, 
 whereof at that tyme I collide haiie no perfecte in- 
 formation, fo in the difcription of this feconile vyai^e 
 my chiefe intent hath byn to (hew the courfe of the 
 fame accordynpje to the obferuation and ordinarie 
 cultome of the maryners, and as I receaued it at th(! 
 handes of an experte [jylot beinge one of ^he chiefe 
 in this viatje, who alfo with his owne handes wrote 
 a briefe declaration of the fame as he foiindi; ami 
 tryed all thynges not by coniecture, but by the arte; 
 of faylynge and inftrumentes perteynynge to the 
 mariners facultie. Not therfore affuminge to my 
 felfe the commendations dewe to odier, iieyther fo 
 boulde as in anye parte to chaunge or otherwife 
 dif[)ofe the order of this vyat^e fo wel obfenicd by arte and experience, I haue thowi^ht 
 good to fet fiirdi the fame in fiich forte and ph ifc of fpeache as is commonly vfed amonge 
 them, and as I receaueil it of the faid pylot as I haue fayde. Take it therfore as folowelh. 
 
 In the yc;ire of owre Ionic. M. I). LIIII. tlie. xi. [clcucntli] clay of October, wee tleimrted the ryiier of 
 'I'eninies with three goodly lliyppes, th[e]oiie cmiled the 'I'rinitie, a fliy])pe of the burden of feuen fcore toonne : 
 'rh[e]other cauled the Barthehnewe a fliyppe of the burden of. Ixxxx. [ninety tons]. The thyrde was the lohn 
 Kuangelifl a fliyppe of feucn fcore toonne. \\'ith the fayde niyp[)es and two pynneffcs (wherof the one was 
 drowned in the <(jafl of Knglande) we went forward on owr vyage, and flcyde at Doner, xiiii. [fourteen] dayes. 
 We Royde alfo at R)e three or foure daycs. More oner lafl of all we touched at Darthniouth. 
 
 The fyrfl day of Nouember at. ix. [nine] of the clocke at nyght departynge from the coafle of Kiiglande, 
 we fettc of the flert bcarynge fouthweR all that nyght in the fea, and the nexte day all day, and the next nyght 
 after vntyll the thyrde daye of the fayde inooneth abowt noone, makynge owr way good, dyd runne. 60. lea(|ucs. 
 
 Item from. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the thyrde daye tyll. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the. iiii. [fourth] day of 
 the fayde mooneth, makynge owr way good foutheaft, dyd runne eucry three houres twoo leagues, wl^;>^:h 
 amounteth to. xvi. [fixteen] leaques the hole. 
 
 Item from. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the. iiii. [fourth] day to. xii. [twcb'e] of the clocke the. v. [fifth] day, 
 nmnynge fouthweft in the fea, dyddc nmne. xii. [twelve] leaques. 
 
 Item nmnynge from. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the. v. [fiftii] day vntyll. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the. vi. 
 [fixth] day runnyng foutheafl, dyd nmne. xviii. [eighteen] lea(iucs. 
 
 And fo from. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the vi. [fixth] daye vntyll. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the. vii. [fevcnth] 
 day, runnynge fouthfouthwefl., ilyd runne euery houre. ii. [two] leaques which amount to. xlviii. [forty eight] 
 leaques the hole. 
 
 Item from. xii. [twelve] of the clocke the. vii. [fevcnth] day tyl. iii. [three] of the clocke the. viii. [eighth] 
 day, fouthfouthwefl, nmnyng in the fea, dyd runne. xxx. [thirty] Iea(|ucs. 
 
 Item from three of the clocke the. viii. [eighth] day, vntyll. iii. of die clocke the. ix. [ninth] day, ranny ng fouth- 
 fouthwefl., dyd runne. xxx. [thirty] leaques. 
 
 Item from. iii. [three] of the clocke the. ix. [ninth] day tyll. iii. [three] of the clocke the. x. [tenth] day, dyd 
 fouthfoutheafl, in mnnynge in the fea the fum of. xxiiii. [twenty-four] leaques. 
 
 Alfo from. iii. [three] of the clocke the. x. [tenth] day vntyl. xii. [twelv?] of the clocke the. xi. [eleventh] day, 
 
 350 
 
10 
 
 1 I 
 
 ■ t 
 
 t ;,t ! 
 
 «" y'»f, 
 
 sr: ■ ! 
 
 !■■)] 
 
 380 
 
 77/t' fcconde vyagc to Guinea, 
 
 The Tie of 
 Madera. 
 
 The Tic ofpalincs. 
 
 TencrifTa. 
 
 The Canaries. 
 
 Frome Tnatlcr.i to 
 the lie uf i'ahnus. 
 
 GriiicanarU. 
 Fortes Ventura. 
 The Hand of 
 
 Cuincra. 
 
 Tenerifia. 
 Suowe. 
 
 351 
 
 The '■rast of 
 H.irliaryc. 
 Cape Lluiikc 
 
 The ryuer of 
 dc Uio. 
 
 The crosiers or 
 
 Kiu Grande 
 
 dyd run fouthfoiithwefl the fum of. xii. [twelve] leaques, and from. xii. [twelve] of the clocke tyll. vi. [fix] of the 
 fayde day, dyd '■un. vi. [fix] leaijues. 
 
 Runnynge fouth and by well in tlie fea from. vi. [fix] of the clocke the. xi. [eleuenthT day tylL vi. [fix] of 
 the clocke the. xii, [twelfth] day, dyd run. xxxvi. [thirty-fix] leaques. 
 
 From. vi. [fix] of the clocke at after none the. xii. [twelfth] daye tyll. vi. [fi.x] of the clocke the xiii. [thirteenth^ 
 day at after none, dyd runne. xiii. [thirteen] leaques. 
 
 Item from. vi. [fix] of tlie clocke the. xiii. [thirteenth] day, tyl. vi. [fix] of the doc'.e the. xiiii. [fourteenth] d.iy at 
 after none that we were becalmed that weecoulde lye fouthwefl with a fayle. And the. xv. [lifteentii] daye mi the niorn- 
 yngc, the wynde came to the Kad and eafle northeall. The. xvii. [feventcenth] day in the mornynge, we had fyght 
 of the He of Madera which doth ryfe to hym that commeth in the north northeaR parte vprj-ght lande in the well 
 l)art of it, and very hyghe : and to the foutji foutheafle a lowe longe lande and a longe poynt with a fiddle tlirowgh 
 the myddeRc of it, (landeth in the xxxii. [thirty-two] degrees : and in the wellc parte, many fpringes of water 
 runnynge do ,vnc from the mountayne,and many whyte fyeldes lykevnto corne fieldes,andfumwhyte iioufes to the 
 foutheafl parte of it : and the toppe of the mountayne fhcweth very ragged if yow may fe it, and in the north- 
 ead parte there is a byght or bay as thowgh it were a harborowe. Alfo in the fayde part, there is a rocke a 
 lyttle diflance from the fliore : and oucr the fayde byght, yow (hall fe a great gajipe in the mountayne. 
 
 The. xix. [nineteenth] day at. xii. [twelve] of the clocke, we had fyght of the He of Palmes and Tenerifia and 
 the Canaries. The lie of I'alme ryfeth rounde and lyeth foutheafle and northweRe, and the northweR parte is 
 loweR. In the fouth, is a rounde hyll ouer the hedde lande, and an other rounile hyll aboue that in the lande. 
 
 There is betwene the foutheaR parte of the He of Madera aiid the northweR parte of the He of Palme. Ivii. 
 [fifty-feven] leaques. This He of I'alme lyeth in the. xxix. [twenty-nine] degrees. And owre courfe from Madera to 
 the He of Palme was fouth and fouth and by weR, fo that we had fyght of Tenerifla. and of tlie Canaries. 'J'he 
 foutheaR parte of the He of Palme, and the north northeaR of Tenerifla, lyeth foutheaR and northweRe. And 
 bet«ene diem is. xx. [twenty] lea(|ues. Tenerifla and the greate Canarie cauled Grancanaria, ami the weR part 
 of Fortifuentui'.-i Randodi in. xxvii. [twenty-feven] degrees and a halfe. Gomera is a fixyre Ilande and very 
 ragged and lyeth wefi fouthweR of Tenerifla. And who fo ci'er wyll come betwene theym twoo Handes, inuR 
 come fouth and by eaR, and in the fouth p.Tte cf Gomera, is a towne and a good rode in the fayde parte of the 
 Ilande : and it Randelh in. xxvii. [twenty-feven] degrees and three threes. Tenerifla is a hygh lande and a greate 
 hyghe picke lyke a fuger lofe. And vppon the fayde picke is fnowe throughowt all the hole yeare. And by 
 reafon of that picke, it niaye bee knowcn aboue all otlier Handes, and tliere we were becalmed the. xx [twentieth] 
 day of Nouember from. vi. [fi.xj of the clocke in the mornynge vni) 11 foure of the clocke at after none. 
 
 C Bctiociie Gomera and Capo dc las Barhas. 
 
 lie. xxii. [twenty-fecond] day of Nouember vndcr the Tropike of Cancer, die foonne goeth 
 downe weR and by fouth. 
 
 Vpon die coaR of IJarbcrie. xxv. [twenty-five] leaques by north cape blanke at. iii. [three] 
 leaiiues of the niayne, there is. xv. [fifteen] fadome and good llicliy grounde and fande 
 aimmgc, and no Rremef, and two fmaule Handes Randyng in the. xxii. [twenty-two] degrees 
 and a terce. 
 
 From Gomi.ra to cape de las Barbas is a hundreth lea(|ue; and owr courfe was fouth 
 and by eaR. The fayde cajie Randeth in. xxii. [twenty-two] and a halfe : and a'.l that coaR is flalle. xvi. 
 [fixteen] or. xvii. [feventecn] fadome deejie, vii. [fevcn] or. viii. [eight] lea(|ues of frome the ryuer dc Oro to 
 cape de las IJarbas, there vfe many .Sjianyardes and Portugales to trade for fyflliynge durynge the inooneth of 
 Nouember : and all that coaR is verye lowe landes. Alfo wee went from ca|)e de las Parbas loutlifouthweR and 
 fouthweR and by fouth ; tyll we brought owre felucs in. xx. [twenty] degrees and a halfe, rekenyiige owr felues 
 viL [feven] lea(iues of: and that was the leaR flioles of cape Planke. 
 
 Then we went fi)Uth vnlyll we browght owre felues in. xiii. [thirteen] d -grees, rekenyngc owre felues. x\v. 
 [twenty-five] leaques of And in. xv. [fifteen] degrees, we dyde reere the ( rolliers : and we niyght haiie rered 
 them fooner if we had loked for theym. They are not ryglite a croffe in tlie inoonethe of Nouember by real'oii 
 the nyghtes are fliorle there. Neuerthelefle we had the fyght of them the. xxix. [twenty-ninth] day of the fayde 
 mooneth at iiv^ht. 
 
 The f) rR of December owte. xiii. [thirteen] degrees, we fette owre courfe fouth and by Vx\^ vntyll the fourth 
 daye of December at. xii. [twelve] of the ( Joeke the fime d.iy. Then we were in. ix. [nine] degrees and a tene, 
 rekenynge owr felues. xxx. [thirty] lea(|ues of ti '.■ Iholes of the r}'uer cauled Kio Grande bein^e weR fuuthweRe 
 of tiieni : The which Iholes be. x.xx. [thirty] leaques longe. 
 
t;^--1 
 
 The fccomie vyage fo Guinea. 
 
 381 
 
 fix] of the 
 VI. [fix] of 
 
 ; hail fyglit 
 
 Thu fourth of Dccomhcr, wc bcgannc to fette owr courfe fouthcafle, we beingc in. vi. [fix] degrees and a hahe. 
 
 The ninth day of December we fet owr courfe ead foutheaft. 
 
 The. xiiii. [fourteenth] day of the fa)-de mooneth, we fette owre courfe eall, we beinge in. v. [five] degrees 
 and a halfe, rekenynge owre fehies. xxxvi. [thirty-fix] leaques from the coafL of Guinea. 
 
 The. xix. [nineteenth] day of the fayde mooneth, we fette owre courfe eaR and by north, rekenynge owr feUies. 
 xvii. [feventeen] leaques dillant from cape Menfurado, the fayde cape beinge eafl northeaft of vs, and the ryuer 
 of Sedo beinge eail. 
 
 The. xxi. [twenty-firfl.] day of the fayde mooneth we fel with cape Me[n]furado to the foutheafl abowt two 
 leaques of. Tliis cape may be eafely knowen, by reafon the ryfynge of it is lyke a porpofe hedde. Alfo towarde 
 the foutheafl there are tliree trees, wherof the eadermofl, tree is the hygheil, and the inyddlemod is lyke a heye 
 flacke, and the fouthermofl lyke vnto a iebet : and vppon the mayne, are foure or fyue hygh hylles ryfynge one 
 after an other lyke round hoommockes or hyllockes. And the fouthead of the three trees, is thre trees lyke a 
 brandierwyfe : and all the coade alonge is whyte fande. The fayde cape dandeth within a lyttle in. vi. [fix] 
 degrees. 
 
 The. xxii. [twenty-fecond] of December, we came to the ryuer of Sedo, and remayned there vntyll the. xxix. 
 [twenty-ninth] day of the fayde moneth Here we diought it bed. to fende before vs the pynnefle to the ryuer of 
 Dulce cauled Rio Dulce, that they myght haue the begynnynge of the market before the commynge of the lolin. 
 
 At the rj'uer of Sedo, we had a toonne of gr.iynes. This ryuer dandeth in. vi. [six] degrees lackynge a tcrce. 
 From the ryuer of .Sedo to Rio Dulce, is. xxv. [twenty-five] leaques. Rio Dulce dandeth in. v, [five] degrees 
 and a halfe. The ryuer of Sedo is eafy to bee knowen by reafon there is a ledge of rockes on the fouthead 
 parte of the rode. And at the enterynge into the hauen, are fyue or fyxe trees that beare no leaues. This is 
 a good harborowe : but very narrowe at the enteraunce into the ryuer. There is alfo a rocke in the hauen mouth 
 right as yow enter. And all that coad betwcne cape de Monte and cape de las Palnias, lyeth fouthead and by 
 eart, northwed and by wede, beinge three leaijues of the (hore. And yow fliall haue in fum places rockes two 
 lea(iues of: and that belwene the ryuer of Sedo and cape de las Ivlmas. 
 
 Betwene the ryuer of Sedo and the riuer Dulce, is. xxv. [twenty-five] leaques. And the hygh lande that is 
 bctwene them bothe, is cauled Cakeado, beinge. viii. [eiLht] leaques from the ryuer of Sedo. And to the fouthead- 
 warde of hyni, is a place cauled Shawcro and an other cauled Shyawe or Shauo, where yow may get frefllie water. 
 Of this Shyawe, lyeth a ledge of r jckes : and to the Southeadwau'e, lyeth a lied lande cauled Croke. Betwene 
 Cakeado and Croke, is. i.x. [nine] or. x. [ten] leaijues. To the Southeadwarde of, is a harborowe cauled faynte 
 Vincent Ryght ouer ageynd faynt Vincent, is a rocke vnder the water, two leaques and a halfe iA the fliore. 
 To the foutheadwardc of that rocke, yow fliall fee an llaiide abowt three or foure leacjues of. This Ilande is not 
 pade a leaquc of the fliore. To the ead fouthead of the Ilande, is a rocke that lyeth aboue the water: and by 
 that rocke i^oeth in 'I.e ryuer of Dulce, which yow fliall knowe by the fayde ryuer and rocke. The northwed 
 fyde of the hauen, is flat famic : and the fouthead fyde therof, is lyke an Ilande and a bare plotte without any 
 trees, and fo is it not in any other place. 
 
 In the rode, yow fliall ryde in. xiii. [thirteen] or. xiiii. [fourteen] fadomes, good owes and fande, beinge 
 the markes of the rode to bring the Ilande and the northwed lande togyther. And here wee ankered the lad of 
 December. 
 
 The t'lyide day of I.-'/.iuary, we came from the yuer of Dulce. 
 
 Note that cnne de las I'ahn.as is a fayre high land. But fumme lowe places therof bj- the water fyde, iooke 
 like redde cliflii's with white drakes like waves a cable length a jiiecc. .\nd this is to the I'iaP. parte of the cape. 
 This cape is the fouthermod lande in all the coad of Guinea: And dandeth in foure dcgrc.s and a terce. 
 
 The coad from cape de las Talmas to cipe Trepoyntes or de tres I'untas, is fayre and cleare without rocke 
 or other daungiour. 
 
 xxv. [twenty-five] leaques from cape de las Palnias, the lande is higher then in any place vntyll we came to 
 cape Trepoyntes. And abowt. x. [ten ] leaques before yow conime to cai)e iVepointes, the lande ryfelh dyll hyglier 
 and hyglier vntyll yow come to ca[)e Treiioyntes. Alfo before yowe coomme to the f.iyde cape after other fine 
 lea(|ues to the northwed parte of it, there is certeyne broken grounde with twoo greate rockes : and within them 
 in the byght of a bay, is a cadel cauled Arra, pertcyning to the kynge of I'oi-tugale. Vow fliall knowe it by the 
 fayde rockes that lye of it : For there is none fiicli from cape d'.' las Talmas to c;"'e Tre|)nyiites. This coade 
 lyeth eade and by north, i>;'d antl by fouth. From cape de las Ta'.ivias to the i.iyde cadell, is foure fcore and. 
 XV. [fifteen] leaiiues. And the coade lyth from the fayde cadell to the Wedermod i)oynte of the Trepoyntes, 
 fouthead and by fouth, northwed and by north. Alfo the Wedermod poyntes of the Trepointes, is a lowe lande 
 ly'iige halfe a myle owt in the fea : and vpi)on the innerniodc neckc to the landewarde, is a tude of trees, and 
 'Jiere we arryned the. xi. [eleventh] day of lanuary. 
 
 The. xii [twelfth] d.iy of lanuary, we came to a towne cauled Samnia or Samua, beinge. viii. [eight] leaques 
 
 C.ipc Mcnsurado. 
 The riucr of Svsto. 
 
 The riuer of Scsto. 
 Kio Dulce. 
 
 C.ipe de Monte. 
 
 C.ipc He las 
 l';iliiias. 
 
 352 
 
 The l.Ttidc of 
 Cakeado. 
 Shauo. 
 Croke. 
 
 Snint Vinrcntes 
 harburuue. 
 
 The riucr Dulce. 
 
 Cape de las 
 
 The coast of 
 Guinea. 
 Cape tie 
 tres juntas. 
 
 The c.utcU of 
 Arrx 
 
 r 
 
 I ^ 
 
 The towne of 
 
 f. 
 
.■^82 
 
 TJic fccondc vyagc to Guinea. 
 
 h:!|.'l! 
 
 The plefdli^c was 
 sir loiiii Vurke 
 hi^ ucvie. 
 
 Cape Corea. 
 
 Thecastcl of niina 
 pcrlcyniiige to 
 tlic kyiiRc uf 
 I'ortugalc. 
 
 Pcrecowe. 
 J^crccowe gramle, 
 MuiiLc Rudun^o. 
 
 353 
 
 The currants 
 
 Frnmc mina 
 hujucwardc. 
 
 Rio dc los IVlos. 
 Ivcrye. 
 
 Cape de las 
 raliiia:(. 
 
 Curraiilcs 
 
 The lie de Flore. 
 
 The lie of Corvo. 
 
 Where they h -t 
 the si(;ht of the 
 norihe starrc. 
 Ilowcthc 
 Cotlipasac duutll 
 
 vaiie. 
 
 The prymro.se. 
 
 from cape Trej)oyiitcs toward ea(l northuad. IJctwene cape Trepointes and the towne of Samua, is a great ledge 
 of rockcs a great way owt in the fea. Wee continued foiire dayes at that towne : and tlie capitayne therof wolde 
 needes haiie a pledge a fliore. liut when they receaued the pledge, they kepte hym (lyl and wolde traffike no 
 more, but fliot of theyr ordinaunce at vs. They haue two or three pieces of ordinaunce and no more. 
 
 The. xvi. [fixteenth] day of the fayde mooneth, we made rekenynge to come to a place cauled cape Corea 
 where capitayne Don John tlwelleth, whofe men intertcyned vs frendly. This cape Corea is foure leaques eafl- 
 tvarile of the caflell of Mina, othcrwyfe cauled La Miiia, or Cajlcllo de Mina, where we arriued the. xviii. 
 [eigliteenth] day of the mooneth. Here we made fale of al owr cloth fauynge two or three packes. 
 
 The. xxvi. [twenty-fixth] day of the fame mooneth, we weyd anker and departed from thenfe to the Trinitie 
 which was. vii. [feven] leatiues eaflwarde of vs where (lie folde her wares. Then they of the Trinitie wylled vs 
 to go eaflwarde of that. viii. [eight] or. ix. [nine] leaques to fel part of their wares in a place caled Perecow, and 
 an other named Pcrecowe grande, beinge the eaRcrmofl place of both thefe, which yow flial knowe by a great 
 rountle hyl ncre vnto it named Monte Rodondo lynge weRwarde from it. And by the water fyde are many 
 hyghe palme trees. From henfe dyd we fet furth homewarde the. xiii. [thirteenth] day of February and plyed 
 vppe alongefl tyll we came within, vii. [feven] or. viii. [eight] leaques to cape Trepointes. Abowt. viii. [eight] 
 of the clocke the. xv. [fifteenth] day at after noone, we dyd cad abowt to fcawarde. And beware of the currantes, 
 for they wyll dece.iue yow fore. 
 
 ■*Vho fo euer lliall coomme from the coafl of Mina homewarde, let hym be fuer to make his way good weft 
 \n\.\\\ he reken hym felfe as farre as cape de las Pahnas where the currant fetteth alwaj-es to the eaflwarde. 
 .Vnd within, xx. [twenty] leatiues callwarile of cape de las Palraas, is a ryuer cauled Rio de los Potos where yow 
 may haue frefllie water and balaffe enowgh, and plentie of luery or Elcphantes teethe. This ryuer flandeth in 
 foure degrees and alniofl two tcrres. 
 
 Anil whtMi yt)w reken yowre felfe as (iirre fliotte as cape de las Palmas, beinge in a degree or a degree and 
 a halfe, yow may go weft or well and by north vntyll yowe comme in three degrees : and then yowe maye go 
 wefte nortl'.weft, antl northweft and by weft vntyll yow comme in fine degrees and then northweft. And in the. 
 vi. [fix] ilegrees, wee melte northerly wyndes and grcate rooftynge of tydes. And as wee coulde iudge, the 
 currantes went to the north northweft. F'urthermore betwene cape d Monte and cape Verde, go great currantes 
 which deccaue many men. 
 
 The. xxii. [twenty-fecoml] daye of Apryll, wee were in. viii. [eight] degrees and two terces : and fo we ranne to 
 the northweft, hau) nge the W}nde at northeaft and eaftnortheaft,, and fumtymes at eafte untj-U we were at. xviii. 
 [eighteen] degrees ami a terce, which was on May day. And fo from, xviii. [eighteen] antl two terces, we hadde 
 the wynde at eaft and eaft northeaft, and fumtymes at eaft foutheaft : and then wee rekoned the llantles of cape 
 Verde eafte foutheaft of vs, wee iudgynge owre felues to be. xlviii. [forty-eight] leaques of. And in. x.\. [twenty] 
 and. xxi. [twenty-one] degrees, wee had the wynde more eafterly to the fouthwarde then before. And fo we ran 
 to the northweft and northnorthweft, and fumetymes north and by weft and north vntyll wee came into. xxxi. [thirty- 
 one] degrees, where we rekened owre felues a hundreth and foure Icore leaques fouthweft and by fouth of the Ilande 
 de Flore or tie los Flores. And there we met with tlie wynde at fouthfouthcaft, antl fet owre courfe northeaft. 
 
 In. xxxiii. [thirty-three] degrees, we hail the wynde at the fouth and fouthweft : and then we fet owr courfe 
 north northeaft, anil fo we ranne to xl. [fort)] degrees ; and then we fet our courfe northeaft the wynde beinge 
 at the fouthweft and hauynge the He de Flore eaft of vs, and. xvii. [seventeen] leaques of. 
 
 In. xli. [forty-one] degrees, we met with th j wynd at northeaft, and fo we ranne northweftwarde. Then 
 we met with the w)ntle at the weft northweft and at the weft within, vi. [fix] leatpies riumynge towarde the 
 northweft: And 'hen wee eaft abowt and ley northeaft vntyll we came in. xlii. [forty-two] degrees, where we 
 fette owr courfe eaft northeaft, iudgynge the lie of Coruo fouth and by weft of vs and. xxxvi. [thirty-fix] leaques 
 diftant from vs. 
 
 A rememberaunce that the. xxi. [twenty-firft] day of Maye, we communed with lohii Rafc, and he thought 
 it beft to go northeafte, and iutlgei! hym felfe. xxv. [twenty-fuie] leaques eaftwarde to the He de Flore, and In. 
 .\xxix. [thirty-nine] ilegrees and a halfe. 
 
 Note that in the fourlli day of September [December?] vnder nine degrees, we loft the f)ght of the north ftarre. 
 
 Note alfo, that in the. xlv. [forty-five] degrees the compafte is varyed. viii. [eight] degrees to the wefl. 
 
 Item, in. xl. [forty] degrees, the compalTe dyd vary. xv. [fifteen] degrees in the hole. 
 
 Item, in xxx. [tliirty] degrees and a halfe, the compaffe is varyed. v. [fiue] degrees to the weft. 
 
 lie it alfo in memorie, that two or three dayes before we came to cape 'J'repointes, the pynneffe went 
 alongell tlie ftiore tliiukyiige to fell film of owr wares. And fo we came to anker .ee or foure leaques weft 
 antl by foutli of tlie cape Tnpoyntcs where we lefle the Trinitie. 
 
 Then owre jiynnefie came a boorde with all owr men. The pynnelTe alfo tooke in more wares. They 
 toulde me more inier lliat they wolde go to a place where the Primrofe was and had receaued much golde at 
 
The feconde vyngc to Guinea. 
 
 383 
 
 the fyrfle vyagc to thefe parties. And tolile me furtlicrmorc that it was a good pl.K'c. ]!iit [ fcarvngc a brigan- 
 tine that was then vppon the coad, dydde woy and folowe thcyni, and k'fte the 'I'linitie ahowtc foiirc Icaciucs of 
 from vs. And there we rode ageynfle that towne foure daycs ; fo that Marline by his owne dcf\ re and affente 
 of fum of the commiffioners that were i.; the pinnefle. wcnte a fliore to the towne. And there loiin Beryn went 
 to trafike from vs beinge three myles of trafekynge at an other towne. The towne is cavded .Saninia or Saniua. 
 For Samma and Sammaterra, are the namer ' the two fyrRe towncs where wee did traliicke for gold, to liie 
 northeaft. of cape Trepoints : 
 
 Hetherto continucth the courfe of the vyage as it was defcribed by the fayde pylot. 
 Nowe therfore to fpeake fumwhat of the contrey and people, and of fiiche thyngcs as are 
 browght from thenfe. 
 
 They browght from thenfe at the lad vyage, foure hundretli ponnde weyglit and odde of golde of. xxii. 
 [twenty-two] carrattes and one grayne in finenefle. Alfo. xxxvi. [lliirty-fix] biittes of grayncs : and abowt two 
 hundreth and fiftie elephantes teethe of all quantities. Of thefe, I fawe and mcafurcd fum of. ix. [nine] fpanncs 
 in length as they were croked Sum of them were as bygge as a mans th\gh aboue the knee : and wejed 
 abowte foure fcore and ten pounde weyght a piece. They fay that fum one hath byn fcene of a hundreth and. 
 XXV. [twenty-five] pounde weyght. Other there were which they caule the teeth of calues of one or two or three 
 yeares, wherof fum were a foote and a halfe, fumme two foote, and fum three or more accordynge to th[e]age 
 of the beade. Thefe great teeth or tufkes, growe in the vpper iaw downewarde, and not in the nether iawe 
 vpwarde, wherein the i)a)iners and arras woorkers are deceaued. At this lade v)age was browght from Guinea 
 the headde of an elephante of fuch huge byggenede, that only the bones or crauewe therof befyde the nctlicr 
 iawe and grcate tufkes, wayed abowte two hundreth weyght, and was as niuche as I coulde well lyfte from the 
 grounde. In fo muche that confiderjnge alfo herewith the weyght of ii. [two] fuch great teeth, the nether iawcs widi 
 the lede teethe, the tounge, the greate hangynge cares, t >e bygge and loiige fnowte or troonke, widi all the 
 flefdie, braynes, and fkynne, with all other partes belongynge to the hole headde, in niy iudgeniente it coulde 
 wey lytlle leffe then fyue hundreth weyght. This headde dyucrs haue fene in the houfu of the woorlhy mar- 
 chaunt fyr Andrewe ludde, where alfo I fawe it, and behelde it not oncly with my bodely eyes, but much more 
 with the eyes of my mynde and fpirite confydered by the woorke, the cunnynge and wyfcdome of the woorke 
 mader : withowt which confyderation, the fyght of fuch draunge and woondcrdiU thyngcs may rather feeme 
 curiofities then profitable contemplations. 
 
 The elephante (which fum caule an oliphant) is the bigged of all foure footed bcades. His forelegges are 
 longer then his hynder. He hath ankles in the lower parte of his hynder legges, and fyue toes on his fiete 
 vndiuided. His fnowte or troonke is fo longe and in fiich forme that it is to hyni in the deede of a hande. 
 For he neyther cateth nor drinketh but by bryngynge his troonke to his mouth. Therwiih he lielpclh vj) his 
 mader or keeper : therwith he ouerthroweth trees. Jiyfyde his two greate tuflvcs, he hath on eucry f) de of his 
 mouth foure teeth wherwith he eatcth and gryndeth his meate. I'.ylher of thefe teeth, are almod a fpan in 
 length as they growe alonge in the iawe : and are abowte two inches in height and almod as much in thirkc- 
 neffe. The tufkes of the male are greater then of the female. His tounge is verye lyttle, and fo f.irre in his 
 mouth that it can not bee feene. Of all beades they are mode gentyll and tractable. For by many fimdry 
 ways they are taught and do vnderdand : In fo much that they learne to do due honour to a king, and are of 
 ciuicke fence and fliarpeues of wyt. When the male hath once feafoned the female, he neuer ader toucheth 
 her. The male Ele|)hante lyueth two hundreth yeares, or at the Icade one himdreth and twentie. The female 
 almod as longe : but tiie lloure of thoyr age, is but. Ix. [fixty] yeares as finn wr) te. Tluy can not fiilVcr wynier 
 or coulde. They loue ryuers and wyll often go into them vp to the fnowte wherwitli they blowe and fiuitfe, 
 and play in the water; but fwyiume they canne not for the weyght of theyr bodyes. I'linie and Soline wryte 
 that they vfe none adulterie. 1( they happen to nieete with a manne in wyldernelle beinge owl of the way, 
 gentylly they wyl go before hym and brynge hym into the i>layne wave. loyned in bittayle, they haue no 
 fmaule refpecte vnto them that be wo\mded. For they brynge them that are hurt or wery into the middle of 
 the army to be defended. 'I'hey are made tame by drynkynge the iufe of barley. 'I'hey haue ( untinu.iil warre 
 ageynd dragons which tlefyre theyr bhulde bycaufe it is very coulde. And therfore the dragon lyinge awayte 
 as the Elephant pafieth by, wyndeth his tayle (beinge of e>:ceadynge length) abowt the h)nder legges of the 
 elephant: and fo deying hym, thrudetli his heade into his tronke an<l exluuidelh his bretli. or els byleth hym 
 in thi jare wherunto he can not reach with his troonke. And when the elephaiU waxclh la) nt, he fauleth 
 down . on the ferpcnte beinge nowe fidl of bludde ; and with the poyfe of his body breaketh hym : fo that his 
 owne bhidile with the bludde of the elephant, runneth owt of hym niengeled togyther : whiche beinge couUle, 
 is congeled into that fubdaunce which the apothecaries caule Sii/h^uis Diiuviiis, (th.it is) dragons blud, other- 
 
 The towne of 
 
 S.)[nin;t. 
 
 354 
 
 Guide. 
 
 Ooltle fniire 
 hundretli weyght 
 Gray lies, 
 lut-ry. 
 Ek'phantcs tcctha 
 
 Theli^nrlnf 
 an K1i.i>haiit. 
 
 Tlie 
 
 ruiiteinplntii»ni 
 uf eod» Woikci 
 
 The (lesrripli'iii 
 and [impcrticN uf 
 the Llcphariiu. 
 
 Deli.nte hetvvi-ne 
 the M<-|.h.uil .ii.J 
 the dru^oit. 
 
 355 
 
 Siitijiuii Dnuimft 
 
384 
 
 The fccoudc vyagc to Guinea. 
 
 I 
 
 I ! 
 
 I 
 
 Cinnaharis. 
 
 Thre kyn'les of 
 
 Workes of lucrj-. 
 
 Th * people of 
 Africa. 
 
 Libia Interior, 
 
 Gctiitia. 
 
 Kthiopes. 
 
 N.yritc. 
 
 'i'he ryucr Nigriii 
 
 or SciK-g.L 
 
 356 
 
 A strange liiyiige. 
 
 Ciarainnntcs. 
 People of Lyb\a. 
 
 Trcstcr lulin. 
 
 Kcfinum Ort^uutl'" 
 C'^inbre. 
 
 wyfe caulcd Cinnabaris, although tliere be an other kynde of Ciiiiiabaiis, commonly cauled cinoper or verniilioii 
 which the paynters vfe in certeyne colourcs. 
 
 They are alfo of three kyndes, as of the maryfflics, the playnes, and the mountaynes, no le(Tc differynge in 
 condicions. Philoftratus wryteth, that as much as the elci)hant of j.ybia in byggeneffe paffcth the horfe of 
 Nyfea, fo much doth the elephantes of India excede them of Lybia. For of the elejjhantes of India, funi haue 
 byn feene of the heyght of. ix. [nine] cubites. Tiie other do fo greatly feare thefe that they dare not abyde the 
 fyght of them. Of the Indian elephantes, only the males haue tuflves. ]5ut of them of Ethiopia ind Lybia, 
 both kyndes are tufl^ed. They are of dyuers heyghtes, as of. xii. [twelue] xiii. [thirteen] and. xiiii. [fourteen] 
 dodrantes, euery dodrant beinge a nieafure of. ix. [nine] ynches. Sum wryte that an elephant is bygger then 
 three wylde oxen or buffes. They of India are blacke or of the colour of a moufe. But they of I'.lhiope or 
 Guinea, are browne. The liyde or (kynne of them all, is very harde and withowte heare or bryilcls. Theyr 
 cares are two dodrantes brode, and theyr c}es very l)ttle. Owr men (liwe one drynkyng at a lyuer in Guinea 
 as they fayled into the lande. 
 
 Of other properties and conditions of the elephant, as of theyr maruelous docilitie, of theyr fcight and vfe 
 in the warres, of theyr generation and challitie, when they were fjrfte feene in the theatres and tryum])hes uf 
 the Romans, howe they are taken and tamed, and when they call theyr tufkes, with th[e]ufe of the fame in 
 medicine, who fo defyreth to know, let hym rede I'linie in the. viii. [eighth] booke of his natural hydorie. He 
 alfo wryteth in his. xii. [twelfth] booke, that in owlde tyme they made many goodly woorkes of luery or 
 e'cphantes teeth : as tables, treffel.s, pofles of houfes, rayles, lattelTes for wyndowes, Images of theyr goddes, 
 aid dyuers other thynges of luery both coloured and vncoloured and intermyxte with fundry kyndes of precious 
 wooddes, as at this day are made certeyne chayres, lutes, and virginalles. 
 
 They had fuch plentie therof in owlile tyme, that (as farre as I remeuiber) lofephus wryteth that one of 
 the gates of Hieruddem was cauled Porta Ebuniea, (that is) the luery gate. The whytenelle thereof was fo 
 muche edeemed that it was thought to reprefent the naturall fayrenefle of mans flvynne : In fo much that fuch 
 as went abowt to fet furth (or rather corru})te) naturall bewtie with colours and payntynge, wore reproued by 
 this prouerbe : Ebitr atramaito caiuicfacere. That is : To make luery whyte with ynke. The poettes alfo 
 defcribynge the fa)'re neckes of bewtifuU virgins, caule them Ebiinua colla : 'I'hat is ; luery neckes. 
 
 And to haue fayde thus much of elephantes and luery, it may fuffice. 
 Nowe therfore to fpeke fuinwhat of the people and their nianers and niancr of 
 lyuynge, with alfo an other briefe defcription of Africa. 
 
 It is to vnderRande that the people whiche nowe inhabite the regions of the coafl of Guinea and the 
 niydtle partes of .\flVica, as I,ybia the inner, and Nubia with dyuers other great and large regions abowt the 
 fame, were in oulde tyme cauled lOthiopes and Nigrite, which we nowe caule Moores, Moorens, or Negros, a 
 people of beaftly lyuynge, without a god, lawe, religion, or common welM. and fo fcorched and vexed with the 
 hea:e of the foonne, that in many jilaces they curfe it when it ryfeth. Of the regions and ])eople abowt the 
 inner Libia (cauled Libia Interior) Gemma Thryfius wryteth thus. 
 
 Lybia Interior, is very large and defolate, in the whiche are many horrible wylderneffes and mountaynes 
 replenifllied with dyuers kyndes of wylde and nionllrous bcalles aud ferpentes. Fyrll from Mauritania or 
 Barberie toward the fouth is Getulia, a rowgh and faluage region wiiofe inhabitantes are wylile and wanderynge 
 people. After thefe folowe the peo|)le cauled Mclanogetuli and I'harufii whiche wander in the wylderneffe 
 caryinge with them greate gourdes of water. The Klhiopians cauled Nigrite, occupie a great parte of Apliriia, 
 and are extended to the Well Ocean. Southwarde alfo they reache to the ryuer Nigritis whofe nature agreetl. 
 with the ryuer of Nil us forafmuch as it is increafed and diininyflhed at the fame tyme, and bryngeth furth the 
 like bcafles as the Crocodile, liy reafon wherof, I thinke this to be the fame ryuer which the I'ortug.des caule 
 .Senega. For this ryuer is alfo of the fame nature. It is furthermore maruelous and very ftrange that is foyde 
 of this ryucr. And this is, that on the one fyde therof, th[e]inhal)itauntes are of hyghe flature and blacke : and on 
 the other fide of browne or tawny colour and lowe rtature, which thynge alfo owre men confirme to be trewe. 
 
 There are alfo other people of Lybia cauled Garamantes, whofe women are common. For they contracte 
 no matrimonie, neylher haue refpect to chaRitie. After thefe are the nations of the people cauled I'yrei, 
 Salhiodaphnite, Odrangi, Mimaces, Lynxamate, Dolopes, Agangine, Leuce I:thiopes, Xilicei Kthiopes, Calcei 
 Kthioiies, and Nubi. Thefe haue the Hime fituation in Ptolomie that they nowe giiie to the kyngdome of Nubia. 
 Here are certeyne C'hrillians vnder the dominion of the greate F.mperoure of Lihioi)e cauled I'refler lohn. 
 F.'om thefe towarde the well, is a great nation of pople cauled Apliriterones : whofe region (as farre as maye 
 bee gathered by coniecture) is the fame that is nowe cauled Regnum Orguene, confinynge vppon tho call partes 
 of Guinea. From henfe weflwardc and fumwhat towarde the north, are the kyngedomes of Gambra and Ikulomel 
 not farre from the ryuer of Senega. Ami from henfe towarde the inlande regions and aloiige by the lea coafl, 
 
 3St 
 
Ttic fccotidc vyage to Guinea. 
 
 385 
 
 are the regions of Ginoia or Guinea which wee commonly caule Gynne. On the wcfl fnle of thefe regions to- 
 warde the Ocean, is the cape or poynt caulcd Caboiicrdc or Caput virUe (that is) the grccne cape, to the v.liiche 
 the Portupales fyift directe theyr coiirfe when they fayle to America or the lanile of Brafile. Then dcpartynge 
 frome henfe, ihey turne to the ryght hanile towarde llie (garter of the wynde cauled Garbino which is betwene 
 tiie weft and the fouth. But to fpeake fumwhat more of Ethiopia. AUhowgh there are many nations of people 
 fo named, yet is Ethiopia chiefely diuyded into two partes : wherof the one is cauled Ethiopia vnder Egypte, a 
 great and ryche region. To this perteyneth the llande of Mcroe, imbrafed rounde abowte with the ftrcmes of 
 the ryuer Nilus. In this llande women rcygned in oulde tyme. lofephus wrytelii that it was fumtyme cauled 
 Sabea : and that the queene of Saba came from thcnfe to Hicrufalem to heare the wyfedome of Salomon. From 
 henfe towarde the Eaft, reigncth the fayde Chrftian Emperoure Trefter lohn whom fum caule Papa Johannes, 
 and other fay that he is cauled Pean luan (that is) greate lohn, whofe enipyre reacheth farre beyonde Nilus, 
 and is extended to the coades of the redde fea and Indian fea. 'J'he myddle of the region is almoft in the. 66. 
 degrees of longitude, and. xii. [twelue] degrees of latitude. Abowte this region inhabite the people caulcd 
 Clodii, Rifophagi, Babilonii, Axiunite, Mofyli, and Molybe. After thefe is the region cauled Trogloditica, 
 whofe inhabitauntes dwell in caues and dennes. For thefe are theyr houfcs, and the llefflie of fcrpentes theyr 
 meate, as wryteth Plinie and Diodorus Siculus. They haue no fpeache, but rather a grynnynge and chatterynge. 
 There are alfo people without heades cauled lilemines, hauynge theyr eyes and mouth in theyr brefte. Eyke- 
 wyfe Strucophagi and naked Ganphafantes. Satyrs alfo which haue nothynge of men but only fliape. More 
 ouer Oripei great hunters. Mennones alfo, and the region of Smyrnophora which bryngeth furth myrre. After 
 thefe is the region of Azania in the whiche manye elephantes are founde. A great jiarte of the other regions of 
 Afrike that are beyonde the Equinoi tiall line, are nowe afcrybed to the kingedome of Melinde, whofe inhaiii- 
 tauntes are accuftomed to trafFike with the nations of Aiabie, and theyr kynge is ioyned in frcndlbip witli the 
 kyng of Portugale, and payeth tribute to Prefter John. 
 
 The other Ethiope cauleil Ethiopia Interior (that is) the inner Ethiope, is not yet knowen for the greatncfie 
 therof but only by the fea coafles. Yet is it defcribed in this maner. Fyrfle from the Ecjuinoctiall towarde the 
 fouth, is a greate region of Ethiopians which bryngeth furth whyte elephantes, tygers, and the beafles cauled 
 Rhinocerontes. Alfo a region that bryngeth furth plentie of Cinamome, lyinge betwene the braunches of Nihis. 
 Alfo the kingdome of Ilabech or Plabaffia, a region of Ciiriflien men, lying both on this fyde and beyonde 
 Nilus. Here are alfo the Ethiopians cauled Ichthiophagi (that is) fucli as lyue only by fifflie : antl were fuin- 
 time fubdued by the warres of great Alexander. Furthermore the Ethiopians cauled Rhapni, and Anthropo- 
 phagi that are accuflomed to eate mans (lefnie, inhabite the regions nere vnto the mountaynes cauled Monies 
 Luna, (that is) the moui.taynes of the moone. Gazatia, is vnder the tropike of Caijricorne. After this, folow- 
 eth the fronte of affrike, the ca])e of Ruena .Speranza or Caput Borne Spei, (that is) the cape of good hojie, by 
 the which they palTe that fayle from Spayne to Calicut Rut by what names the capes and goulfes are cauled, 
 forafmuche as the fame are in euery globe and carde, it were here fuperfluous to rehearfe them. 
 
 Sum wryte that Aphrica was fo named 1)y the Grecians bycaufe it is withowt coulde. For the Greeke 
 letter Alpha or, A, lignifyeth pryuation, voyde, or withowt : and jihrice, fignifielh coulde. For in dcede althow;,'h 
 in the flecde of wynter they haue a cloudye and tempeflious ferfon, yet is it not coulde, but ra.her fmoothering 
 hot with alfo liot fliourcs of raine and Aimwhere fudie fcorchyngo wyndcs, that what by one meanes and other 
 they feeme at certeyne tymes to hue ar, it were in fornaces, and in maner alredy halfe way in Purgatorie or hel. 
 Gemma Phrifms writeth that in certeyne partes of Aphrica, (as in Atlas the greater) the ayer in the night feafon 
 is feene fliyninge with many flraunge fyers and flames ryfmge in maner as high as the moone : And that in tlie 
 element are fumtime harde as it were the founde of ])ipes, trumiiettes, and droommes. Whiche noyfes may 
 l>erhappes be caufed by the vehemente and fundry motions of fuch fyery exhalations in the ayer, as we fe the 
 lykf. in many experiences wrought by fyre, ayer, and wynd. The holowneffe alfo and diuers retlexions nnd 
 breaking of the cloudes may be greate caufes hereof, byfyde the vehement cold of the myddle region of the 
 ayer whcrby the fayd fyery exhalations afcending thether are fuddenly ftryken backe witli greate force. For 
 euen common and dayly experience teacheth vs by the whyflinge of a biirninge forge what noyfe Iyer niaketh in 
 the ayer, and much more where it llriucth when it is inclofed with ayer as apereth in gonns, and as the lyke is 
 fene in only ayer inclofed, as in orgen pioes and fuch other inllrumentes that go by winde. For wynde as (;iy 
 the pliilofoi)hers is none other then ayer vehemently moued, as we fee in a payer of belowes and fuche other. 
 
 Sum of owre men of good credit that were in this laft vyage to Guinea, aflirme erneftly that in the nyght 
 feafon they felt a fenfible heate to coonmie from the beames of the moone. The which ihyiige althowghe it be 
 Araunge and infenfible to vs that inhabite coidde regions, yet doolhe it (lande with good reafon that it may fo 
 be, forafmuch as the nature of the flarres and planets (as wryteth Plinie) confyfleth of fyre, and conleyneth in it 
 a fi)irite of lyfe, whiche can not be without heate. 
 
 And that the moone gyueth lieate vpon the earth, the proi)hete Dauyd feenieth to confirme in his. Cxx. 
 
 KiiKN. 2 K 18s 
 
 Guinea or Ginoia 
 
 Cap. Vcrile. 
 
 The Portupales 
 :i?ui>;aliuui to 
 ISnuile. 
 
 Etliiopia. 
 
 rile llande of 
 Mcrue. 
 
 The queene of 
 Saba. 
 
 Prcstcr Iiilin 
 eiiiperiiur of 
 Lthiiipia. 
 
 People of the cast 
 sydu of Afriua. 
 
 Ophiophai;i. 
 
 People without 
 !ii;a(ies. 
 
 Myrre. 
 
 Azania. 
 
 U.gMum M..-liii,le 
 
 Kthiopia Intlcrii>r 
 Whyte elephaiitei 
 
 I (abassia. 
 
 Ichthiophaiji 
 Antlirijpiipha^i. 
 ^^lIll^.'^ I.un.i. 
 l-la/alia. 
 
 357 
 
 '■.(/. /:,'n^ S/4fi. 
 
 AplYira withowt 
 
 tho winter uf 
 Africa. 
 
 Fl.Tnics of fire 
 111. I iioyhe It) the 
 .lyer. 
 
 The myddcll 
 
 rci^mii of the 
 .i[\]er is cuul'lo. 
 
 the strife ..f 
 Lleinelites. 
 
 Wynilc. 
 
 The heate ot 
 the moone. 
 
 'I'lic n.Tture of 
 the ^Uira. 
 
 ifi 
 
 4 
 
386 
 
 The fcco)idc vyngc to Guinea. 
 
 ■ i < 
 
 * ■' -ii 
 
 h t 'i 
 
 Sprmtcs of writer 
 fautin^ uul uf 
 the aycr. 
 
 Ciil.iracts of 
 
 htraiicn. 
 
 Vehement motio i' 
 of the kca. I 
 
 A •itmiingo 
 
 thyiijic. 'T 
 
 The poure • 
 nature 
 
 358 i 
 
 They rase llicT 
 skiinieri. 
 
 Fine iewulls 
 A braslet 
 
 Shackc''i!s. 
 
 K.iiKes. 
 
 I>ogs chains of 
 guhlc. 
 
 A niuske cat. 
 
 Their houses 
 Their felling 
 Flcing fUhes 
 
 A str.iunpe tliylt^ 
 
 [ 1 20th] Pfalnie, where rpcakyngc of fuch men as are defended from cuyls In' goddes protection, he fayth thus: 
 Pit diem fcl non exiint tc, iiec /una per uoct.m. That is to fay. In the ilay the foonne fliall not burne the nor 
 the moone by nyght. 
 
 They fay furthermore tliat in eerteyne places of the fea, tliey fawc certeync (Iremcs of water which they 
 caule fi)outes faulynge owt of the ayer into the fea : And that funi of thefe are as bygge as the greate pyllers of 
 duirehes : In fo niiiche that fiinitymes they faule into fliyppes and put them in greate daungiour of drownynge. 
 Sum ])hantafie tliat thefe fluilde bee the cat[:']ractes of heauen wliiche were all ojiened at Noes thiddo. liu*; I 
 thynke them rather to be fuche lluxions and eru|)tions as Arillotle in his boke de Mundo, faith to chaunfe n 
 the fea. For fjjcakynge of fuche thynges as are feene often tymes in the fea, lie wryteth thus: Often t}:'ies 
 alfo euen in the fea are feene euaporations of fyre, and fuche eruptions and breakyng furth of fprynges, that the 
 mouthes of ryuers are ojiened, whyrlepuoles, and fluxions are caufed of fuch other vehement motions not only 
 in the middell of the fea, but alfo in creekes and flreyghtes. At certeyne tymes alfo, a great cpiantitie of w.iter 
 is fuddeynly lyfted vp antl caryed abowt with the moone. etc. By which woordcs of AryRotle it dooth aji'iere 
 that fuch waters niaye bee lyfted vp in one place at one tyme, and fuddeynly faule downe in an other i)lace at 
 an other tyme. And hereunto perhappes j)erteyneth it that Rycharde Chaunceler toulde me that he harde 
 Seballian Cabot reporte, that (as farre as I remember) eyther abowt the coafles of Brafile or Rio de Plata, his 
 fl)ypi)e or pinnes war. fuddeinly lyfted from the fea and call v])on the lan<le I wotte not howe farre. The which 
 thynge and fuche other lyke woonderfull and Rraunge woorkes of nature whyle I confyder and caule to remem- 
 bcraunce the narownes of mans vndcrllandynge and knowleage in comparyfon of her mighty poure, I can but 
 ceafe to maruayle and confeffe with I'linie that nothynge is to her impoffible, the leafle parte of whofe poure is 
 not yet knowen to men. 
 
 Many thyiiLi^os more owro men fav/c and conf) dercd in thi.s vya_q;e worthy to bee 
 noted, wherof 1 haue thoui^ht t^ood to put fiini in ineniory that the reader maye afwell 
 take pleafure in the varietie of thynj^es as knowleage of the hyftorye. 
 
 Amonge other thynges therefore touchynge the maner^ and nature of the peoi)le, this may feeme flraunge 
 that theyr princes and noble men vfe to pounfe and rafc i.^yr ll^ynnes with prety knuttes in diuers formes as 
 it were branched damafl<e, thynkynge that to be a decent ornament. And albeit they go in maner all naked, 
 yet are many of them and efpecially their women in maner laden with collars, brallettes, hoopes, and chaynes 
 eyther of g(jlde, copper, or luery. I my felfe haue one of theyr brafelettes of luery wayinge twoo pounde and 
 vi. [fix] ounces of Troye weyght, whiche make, xxxviii. [thirty-eight] ounces. This, one of llieyr women dyd 
 weare v|)pon her arnie. It is made of one lu)le piece of the byggefl parte of the toolhe turned and funiwhat 
 earned, with a hole in the mydtlell wherin they put theyr handes to weare it on theyr arme. Sum hau.e of euery 
 armc one and as many on theyr legges, wherewith fum of iheym are fo galded that aUhoughe they are in maner 
 inade 1 une therby, )et wyll they by no meanes leaue them of. Sum weare alfo on theyr legges great fliackels 
 of bryght copper which they lliynke to bee no leffe cumly. They weare alfo collars, brallets, garlandes and 
 gyrdels of certeyne blewe llones lyke beades. Lykewyfe fum of theyr women weare on theyr bare amies cer- 
 teyne forefleeues made of the plates of beaten golde. On theyr fyngers alio they weare rynges made of golden 
 wyres with a knotte or wrelhe lyke vnto that whiche chyldren make in a rynge of a rufllie. Amonge other 
 thinges of golde that owr men bowght of them for e,\( haunge of theyr wares, were certeyne dogges chaynes and 
 coUers. 
 
 They are very ware j)eople in theyr bargenyn^;e, antl wyl not lofe one f[)arke of golde of any value. They 
 vfe weyghtes and meafures, and are very circiunfpecte in occupyinge the fame. I'hey that fliall haue to do 
 with them mull vfe them gentelly? for they wyl not trafike or bryn^e in any wares if they be euyll vfed. At 
 the fyrll viage that owr men had into thefe i>arties, it fo chauiifed that at theyr departure from die fyrfle place 
 where they ilyd trafike, one of them eyther Hole a mufke catte or tooke her a way by force, not myflniflynge 
 that that fliulde haue hyndereit theyr bargenynge in an other place whyther they intended to go. lint for al 
 the hall they could make with full fayles, the fame of theyr myfufage fo preuented them that the peo|)le of that 
 place alfo offended therby, wold bring in no wares : In fo muclie that they were inforced eyther to rellore the 
 catte or ])ay for her at theyr price before they could trafike there. 
 
 Theyr houfes are made of f'>i,te pofles or trees, and couered with bouwes. 
 
 Theyr coiiinion feedynge is of rootes and fuch fyfflies as they take, wherof they haue great plentie. There 
 are a!'"j fucli llyinge f\ lilies as are feene in die fea of the Welle Indies. Owre men failed of theyr lyfllies hojiynge 
 to prouyde flore llierof Hut they wolde take no falte : .And mulle therefore be eaten furlhwilli as fum fay. 
 Howe be it, other altirme that if they be f.ilted immediately after they be taken, they wyl lall vncorrupted. x. 
 [ten] or. xii. [twelue] dayes. l!ut this is more (Iraunge, that parte of fuch fleflhe as they caryed with them owte 
 of Englande and putrifyed there, became fwectc ageyne at theyr returne to the clime of temperate regions. 
 3S6 
 
The J'ccoiide vyage to Guinea. 
 
 387 
 
 There 
 fiim fay. 
 
 Il])l0(l. X. 
 
 icin owte 
 ons. 
 
 They vfe alfo a llraungc makyni^e of brcade in this iiianer. They gniule hetwene two llones with theyr 
 haiides as iiuRh come as they ihynke niaye futlice tlieyr famelie. Ami wiieii tiiey haiie tiuis broui^ht it to 
 lloure, they ])iit thereto a certeyne (iiiantitie of water and make therof very thin dowgli which they llycke vppon 
 fum pofl of tlieyr houfes, where it is baked by the heate of the fonne : So that when the niafter of the houfe or 
 any of his faniely wyll cate thereof, they take it downe and eate it. 
 
 They haue very fayre wheate, the ere \ .hereof is twoo handfidles in length and as bygge as a great bulnifllie, 
 and almoft foure ynches abowt where it is byggefl. The flenie or flrawe, fenieth to be almoll as bygge as 
 the lyttle fynger of a mans haiide, or lyltle leffe. The graynes of this wheate are as bygge as owr i)eafon : 
 rounde alfo, and verye whyte and fumwhat fliynynge lyke perles that haue loll theyr colour, .\lnioll all the 
 fubftaunce of ihcym turneth into floure, and niaketh lyttle branne or none. I toulde in one ere twoo hundreth 
 and three fcore graynes. The ere is inclofed in thre bl.ules longer tiien it felfe, and of two inches brode a 
 ])iece. And by this fnitefulneffe the foonne feemeth partly to recom[)ence fuch greefes and molellations as 
 tiiey olherwyfe receaue by the feruent heate thereof. It is doubtleffe a woorthy contemplation to confider the 
 contrary eflectes of the foon.ie : or rather the contrary paflions of fuche thynges as receaue th[e]intluence of his 
 beanies eyther to theyr luirte or benefite. 
 
 Theyr drynke is eyther water or the iufe that droppeth from the cut biaunches of the barren ilate 
 trees cauled I'almites. For eyther they hange greate gourdes at the fayde branches cuery enenynge and 
 let them fo hange all nyght, or els they fet them on the ground vnder the trees that tiie droppes may 
 faule therin. They fay that this kynde of drynke is in tall much lyke vnto whey, but fumwhat fwecter 
 and more pleafaunt. They cutte the branches euery euenynge bycaufe tliey are fered vp in the day by 
 the heate of the foonne. They haue alfo great beanes as bygge as ciieRenuttes, and verye harde with a Ibell 
 in the (lede of a hulke. 
 
 Many thynges more myght be faydofthe manens of the people and of the woonders 
 and monflroiLS thynges that are engendered in Afrike. But it fliall fuffice to haue 
 fayde thus niuche of fuch thynges as owre men parteiy Hxwe and panely browght with 
 them. 
 
 Ami wheras before fpeakynge of the frute of graynes, I defcrybed the fame to haue holes by the fyde (as 
 in deede it is as it is browght hether) yet was I afterwarde informed that thofe holes were made to put flrynges 
 or twygges throughe the fnUe therby to hange them vp tc drye at the fonne. Theygrowe not ]ia(le a foote and 
 a halfe or twoo foote frome the grownde : and are as red as bludde when they are gathered. The graynes 
 them felues, are cauled of the phyfitians, (Irana I'aradyfi. 
 
 At theyr comminge home, the keles of theyr Iliy[)pes were niarueloully ouergnnven witii certen lliels of. ii. 
 [two] ynches length and more as thycke as they coulde llamle, and of fuch byggenes that a man may put his 
 thorn in the mouthes of them. They certeynly afrunie that in ihefe there groweih a certeyne llymy fubllaunce 
 which at the length flypping owt of the fliel and fauling in the fea, becometh thofe foules which we cal barnacles 
 The lyke flielles haue byn feene in fliypl^es returning from lllamle. ]!ut thefe llielles were not pafl halfe an 
 inch in length. Of the other that came from duinea, 1 fawe the rrymrofe lyinge in the docke, and in maner 
 couered with the fayd llielles, which in my iudgeuiente ibulde greately liynder her faylynge. Theyr lliyppes 
 were alfo in many places eaten with the woormes cauled liromas or liill'as whereof mention is made in the 
 Decades. Thefe crec[)e betwene the plankes wliichc they eate throwgh in many ]ilaces. 
 
 Amonge other thynges that chaunced to them in this vyage, this is woorthy to be noted, that whereas they 
 fayled thether in feucn weekes, they coulde returne in no leffe fpace then. xx. [twenty] weekes. The caufe 
 wherof they fay to be this : That abowt the coall of Cabo \'erde, the wynde is euer at the llall by reafon whereof 
 they were inforced to la\le farre owte of theyr courfe into the mayne ()( can to lynde the wynde at the 
 weft to bryngc them home. There dyed of owre men at this lall vyage abowt. xxiiii. [twenty-four] whereof 
 many dyed at theyr returne into the clime of the coulde regions, as betwene the llandes of Soria and Knglande. 
 'I'hey browght with them certeyne blacke flaues, wherof fum were laule and llronge men, and coulde well agree 
 with owr meates anil ilrynkes. 'J'he coiikle and mo' ' er doolli fumwhat offemle them. Vet doubtleffe men 
 that are borne in hotte regions may better abyde coulde, then men that are borne in coulde regions may abyde 
 heate, forafmuch as vehement heate refolueth the radicall moiflure of mens bodies, as could conllreyneth and 
 nreferueth the fame 
 
 This is alfo to bee confydered as a fecreate woorke of nature, that throughout all .\fryke vnder the Equi- 
 noctiall line and neare abowt the fame on bothe fydes, the regions are extreme hotte and the (leople very blacke. 
 Whereas contraryly fuch regions of the Well Indies as are vnder the fame line, are very temi)erate and the 
 peonle neyther blacke nor with curlde and fliort wooUe on theyr heades as haue they of Afrykc, but of the 
 
 1«7 
 
 Tlicir brcaiL 
 
 Tlicir whc.'ile. 
 
 359 
 
 The soonne. 
 
 Their Jrinke. 
 
 (•niyncs. 
 
 Shelled that cIc.Tie 
 tu shypjics. 
 
 n.xrnaclcs. 
 
 linim.'i.'w 
 
 A secrcate. 
 
 The (Icnth of 
 u«T iiicn. 
 
 (?nnl(l may be 
 bciitT al'iden 
 then hcatc. 
 
 Ihc Wc3t Indies. 
 
388 
 
 TJte feconde vyage to Guinea. 
 
 360 
 
 coloure of an olyue with longe and blacke hcare on tlieyr licacies : the caufe of which varictie is declared in 
 dyuers places in tlie Decades. 
 
 It is alfo woorlhy to bee noted tliat fiimme of them that were at this vyage toulde me. That is, 
 that they ouertooke the cou:fe of the foonne, fo that they had it nortli from them at noone the. xiiii. [four- 
 teentli] day of Nfarche. 
 
 And to Ikuic fayde tliiis much of thcfe vyac^cs it may fufficc. For (as I haue fayd 
 before) Wheras the parteners at wliofe charcjes tliis booke is pryiUed, wolde longe fence 
 liaue me proceaded no further, I had not thoutjlit to haue wrytten any tliynge of thcfe 
 vyages but tliat the liberalitie of mafler Toy encoraged me to attempt the fame. 
 Whiche I fpeake not to the reproche of other in whome I thynke there lacked no good 
 wyll, but that they thought the booke wolde be to chargeable. 
 
 )W 
 
389 
 
 i 
 
 c THE MANER OF FYNDYNGE THE LONGITVDE OF 
 
 REGIONS BY DYVERS WAVES AFTER THE DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 Gemma Piirysivs. 
 
 Frccauyngc what contention is and longe hath byn 
 not only amonge the pylottes that by trauaylyngc 
 the fea liaue obferued the flarres, but alfo amonL,re 
 fum men that are Ikylfull in mathematical! fciense, 
 wherof many affirme that the lonjjjitude (that is to 
 meane, the courfe from the Eafl; to the W'efte) can 
 not be pcrfectely knowen, I haue thowt^ht Li^ood for 
 the better fatiffyin;^ of fuch as defire to haue fum 
 knowleage hereof, to interprcte fuch demonftrations 
 as I haue redde of the declarynge of the fame in 
 Gemma Piir^fius, who as touchynjre this matter 
 hath added thLe]inuentions of other, a more cer- 
 teyne way of his own diuife wlierby (as he fayth) 
 he can fynde the longitude of regions although he 
 
 were dryuen owt of the way a thoufandc myles into places vnto hym vtterlye vnknowen 
 
 and of vnknowen diftance. He wryteth therfore as foloweth. 
 
 When yow haue foiinde tlie place of tlie nione, yow ought to confyder the houre when flie occiipyed that 
 place. 'I'hen cyther by the Ejihimerides or hy the tables of Alphonfiis yowe owgl-.t to knowe in what houre the 
 nioone enterelli into the fame figne of the Zodiake in an other region or towne whofe longitude is well knowen. 
 Then reducynge the houres to. xxiiii. [twenty-four] the lelTe number of houres is to be deducted out of the 
 greater number. Then the remanent of the houres and niynutes is to be brought to degrees in this maner. 
 Multiplie the hours by. xv. [fifteen] and diuide the minutes of the houres by foure : fo (hall appere the degrees 
 of the Equinoctial c<jntevned betwene two meridians. And if after this diaifion tlicre remayu',- any minutes, 
 multiplie them alfo by. xv. [fifteen] and therby ilialbe knowen the minutes of .legrees. Adile Uils difference of 
 longitude founde to the longitude of the region knowen if the houres of that place bee more in number : or take 
 awaye from the fame longitude if they be lefl'e : So fliall yowe in fine gather the longitude of the i)lacc vnknowen 
 from the Ilandes of Canarie. Hut the fame is more eafely and redely found geometrically by the globes by this 
 nieanes. Set directly vnder the meridian, the jilace whofe longitude is knowen in tlie globe. Then directe the 
 poynte or (lyle that mmieth abowt the pole, to the houre in the whiche the nioone occupyeth tlie place aliigned 
 in that region. Then turne the globe vntyll the ftyle that fliewcth the houre, be cooninie to the houre in the 
 whiche yowe fowght the vnknowen place of the moone. And fo fliall the degrees of the Iviuinoctiall diflaunte 
 or diuyded fronie the nioueable meridian, declare the longitude of the region which yow feeke. Xeuertheleffe, 
 the more certeine way wherby the differences of longitudes may bee founde, is by !um one thynge th.it in one 
 moment apjieareth in all regions, as by the eclypfes of the moone. For the dyuers houres beinge knowen in 
 the whiche the fayd eclypfes chaunce in dyuers regions, the longitude m.iyc thus afwell be knowen by geometric 
 and arithmetike, as it is founde by the rule here before. Bi;c forafmuch as this doth neyther apjiere at al tynics 
 nor to all men, and the other way is fumwiiat difficult, neyther at al tymes redy by reafon of the coiiiunciions 
 or the mone and furthermore alfo fumtymes vncerteyne and var)ing fumwhat from the truth for the dyuers 
 
 2 K 2 389 
 
 Ity the niotie. 
 
 Tile IKuuIcs ol 
 t.'.uKirie. 
 Htjwe to fytvl 
 tlie Inneilude by 
 the gluLe 
 
 The Eclipses of 
 the inuune. 
 
390 
 
 The maucr of fynyd/igc the hvigitiides of regions. 
 
 V V 1 
 
 im 
 
 361 
 
 Litle clocliei 
 
 By the Astrol.ibic 
 and glubc. 
 Horo?copus or 
 the Aiiccuileiit. 
 
 1":. latitude. 
 
 afpeclcs and latitudes of the mone, it fo chaunceth hereby that wee haue eyther no longitudes or the fame very 
 vncerteyne of many regions, and cfpecially of thofe which the Sjianyardes haue of late difcouered. For no 
 certentie doubtlcffe can be knowen by fiich coninienfurations as are matle in the wanderynge turnyngcs and 
 wyndynges of fuch vyages, as I'tolome aflirmelh in the firfl booke of his Cofmograiihie. 1 wyll tiierfore adde 
 hcrcvnto fum thynge of niyne owne inuention whereby by an eafy way and at all tymes the longitudes of regions 
 may bee foundc in all vyages and nauigaiions. 
 
 € A neive niaiicr of fyudyngc the Longitudes of regions. 
 
 Ee fee that in thefe owrc dayes certeync lyttle clockcs are very artificially made the whithe for 
 theyr fmaule quantitie are not comberous to be caryed abowt in all vyages. Thefe often 
 tymes moue continually for the fi>ace. of. xxiiii [twenty-four] houres ; and may with helpe 
 coiitincwe theyr mouynge in nianer perpetually. ]!y the helpe therfore of thefe the longi- 
 tuile may bee founde after lliis manor, liefore wee enter into any vyage, wee mufle fyrfle 
 forefee that the fayde clocke exactly obferue the houres of the place from whenfe we departe : 
 And ageyne that in the way it neuer ccafe. Accomi)lyffliynge therefore, xv. [fifteen] or. xx. 
 [twenty] myles of the vyage, if wee defyre to knowe howe much in longitude we are d)'flant frome the i)lace of 
 owre departure, we niufl tary vntyll the poynt oi llyle of the clocke do exactly come to the poynt ot 
 fum houre : and at the fame moment by owr Aflrolabie or globe, owght wee to feeke the 
 houre of the place where we bee : The which yf it agree in minute with the houres 
 which the Horofcopiuni or afcendent dool' Ihewe, then is it certeyne 
 that wee are yet vndor the (lime Meridian or the fame Longi- 
 tude : and that owre courfe hath byn towarde the 
 fouth or north, liut if it dyfler one hour or 
 any mynute, then are the fame 
 to bee reduced to de- 
 grees or minutes as we haue tought in the chapiture here before. 
 And fo fliall the longitude bee founde. And by this arte can 
 I fynde the longitude of regions althowgh I were a 
 ihoufond myles owt of my attempted courfe 
 and in an vnknowen didance, but 
 the latitude nuifl fyrfle bee 
 perfectely knowen. 
 
 JfilNKS. 
 
 m 
 
•m^. 
 
 391 
 
 € .^ bryefe rchcrfal of the contcntcs of the bookcs ofthcfyyfl Decade, and fo 
 foloivyuge of all the othey Decades. Folio, i. [/. 65.] 
 
 M llie fyrfl Imoke !s declared Viowc Cliri(lo]iliont^ ' 
 L'olonus otiicrwyfc ca\ilccl Culumlms, iicrfuailcil 
 Fernando :in<l Klizabctli, prynccs of Spaync, to 
 foorllier his attemptu in fuarcliin^; newe and vn- 
 knnwcn landes in llio Wefl Ocean. Alio of tlie. 
 vii. Ilandcs of Canarie, liy whom tliey were fjunde 
 and conqnered. 
 
 Howe CoUmus founde the llandes of Ilifpaniola, 
 and Culia: And of the fierce people tauled Cani- 
 bales or Carilies, which are accutlomal to eate mans lleflhe. 
 
 Of the rootes cauled Ages, Incca, and the grayne Maizium, wlierof the 
 people of the llandes make theyr hreade. 
 
 Of the golde f.mml in the fandes of ryucrs, and of the fcrpcntes which 
 are wilhont hurle. Alfo of turtle doues, duckes, and popyngiayes. 
 
 Of Maflix, anil Aloe, with tlyuers fnites .ind trees vnknowcn to vs: and 
 of the fnitefuhics of the Hand of llifpaniola which the Spanyardes caule 
 Spagnnola. 
 
 Of the fccondc vyage of Coloniis into thefe regions, and howc he was 
 furnyflhed with. xvii. Ihyppes and a thoiifande and two hundretli fouldyers, 
 with all kynde of artiliaryc, artificers, and grayne to fuwe. And of the 
 tree frome the which water druppelh conlinually into a trcnchc made by 
 mans hande. 
 
 ThcconkntcsofthcfiXona:hooIie. Fol. 4 [^. fJS.] 
 
 C Howe Colonus deparlynge from the Ilandcs of Canarie, faylcl.viii. 
 hundreth and. xx. leannes in. xxi. daycs, and came to Dominica an ll.imle 
 of the Canilalcs: And 01 the fragrant Axuour of fpices which proceded 
 from the llandes. 
 
 Of the Il.indes nf (l.alanta or f'lal.ina and Gnadalupea, and of the trees 
 which bearc th.-xt kynde 01 cotton whiche the Italians caule liombaline, and 
 the .Spanyardes Alg.adon. 
 
 Of dyuers kyndes of popingiayes: And of the Hand of Malinino or 
 Madinino, being inhabited only with women : Alfo of dyuers oiher frute- 
 full llandes ! And of a conllicte which the Spanyardes had with the Cani- 
 bales. 
 
 or ccrlcvnc llan<lcs in the which are feene the myncs of metals and 
 p.cv-.dus flones: and of the frulefull and peopulous Hande cauled Buri- 
 chena or lioriipKii or Iii/iila S. /ohiiiiiiis. 
 
 Howe . ' .nirals men whiche at his fyrft vyagc he lefle in Hif- 
 
 p.aniola, were r yne in his abfencc by the rebellion of Ouaccanarillus 
 kynge of the Region of Xamana : and of the free kynde of lyfe w hich they 
 leade that haue not the vfe of money. 
 
 Of the. vii. maydcns which fwanuiie. ill. myles in the lea : And of the 
 maner of gatheryng of gold in the fands of riuers. 
 
 C The ContenUs oj tlie thyrdc bookc. Fol. 10. [/. 73.] 
 
 C A particular defcription of the Hande of llifpaniola, whiche Colonus I 
 thynkcth to be Ophir, from wlienfe kyn;;e Salomon had his great ryches 
 of golde. 
 
 Of the manielous frutcfulncs of llifpaniola, and of the fuger caiKS 
 (jrowynge tlicrc. j 
 
 Of the (»oIdcn regions of Cip.inga or Cibaua, and of the ryucrs in whofe 
 faniles is fou.nde great plentie of golde. 
 
 Of ccrtcyne ;'raines of gold of excc.adyng groat (luantilic. 
 
 Of wylde vine^ of pleafaunt t.ille, and of gralfe which in foure tlayes 
 growclh as hygh as whcatc. 
 
 Of the Hande of lohanna or Cuba, beinge the ende of the Eaft and the 
 Well ; And of the frutefull and pco])\dous Hande of Jamaica. 
 
 Howe the Ailmirall thou.;lit that he had Hiylcil abi'Wle the lowed hcmi- 
 fphcrie or halfe circle of the earth, and of a fecreate of Aftrononiie 
 toucliynge the fame matter. 
 
 Howc the Admirall gauc names to. vii. hundreth llandes, and paflcJ by 
 three tlioufande vnnamcd. 
 
 Of ccrtcyne fcrpcntes lyke vnto Crocodiles of. viii. foote longe, whofe 
 flefihe is delicate to be ealcn : and of ccrtcyne trees which bearc gourdes. 
 
 Of the ryuer w liofe water is very hotte : and of the huntynge fyfdie 
 which taketh other fyfllies. 
 
 Of great abundaunce of Tortoyfes as bygge as targets, and of a frutefull 
 mounlayne well inhabilcil. 
 
 Of dogges of deformed Ihapc and dum : And of whyte .and thicke water. 
 
 Of wooddes of dale trees and pynepaplc trees, and of certeync people 
 appareled like white friers. 
 
 Of certeyne trees whiche bearc fpices, and of cranes ot cxceadynge 
 bignes. 
 
 Of (locke doues of more plcafaunte laflc then partriches. 
 
 An oration of a barbarous goucrnoure as touchinge the immortalitie of 
 the fowle : Alfo of Ihe rewarde of vertuc and punyflhmente of vice. 
 
 A fimilitudo A Ihe golden worlde, and of prouifion withowte care. 
 
 Howe the auniirall tell ficke by reafon of to much w.itchynge : And of 
 a fcdilion which rofe among the Spaniardes in the Hande of llifpaniola. 
 
 C The Colli ml iS of the fourth bookc. Fol. 18. [/>. 79.] 
 
 Ho«c the Kynges of the Hande of llifp.anlola, were by the Spaniardes 
 myfbehauoure prouoked to Rebellion : And howe the admirall fent for 
 then]. 
 
 1 [owe kingc Caunaboa the Lorde of the houfe of golile, that is, of Ihe 
 mountaynes of Cib.iua, conlpired the Admirals death, .and how he with 
 his familie were taken prifoncrs. 
 
 Of a greale (amine that chaunccd in the Hand of llifpaniola ; and howe 
 the Admiral builded certeyne fortrdfcs. 
 
 Of a iiiece ol rude golde waighinge. xx. nticcs : and of the mync of the 
 riche mctall cauled ICiectrum. 
 
 (-*t the mounlayne in the whyclic is founde greate plentyt of Amber and 
 orpemcnic : \n\ of the wo "lilcs oT brafde Irces. 
 
 Howe th[e]inliabil:uintes arc put to theyre tribute: And howe the 
 nature of the Region dilpofclhe the m.ancrs of the people. 
 
 Howe the brother of kinge Caunaboa came ageynlle the Admiral with 
 an army of fine thowfand naked men : and how he w.as taken and his 
 anny put to llyght. 
 
 Of the f'utfull v.alc M.agona, in the fandes of whofe ryucrs is founde 
 great jilenlie ol goMe : and of certeyne whirlewyndes and tcmpefles. 
 
 Howe the .Admirall fcnle foorthe his brother llartlnlomcus Colonus 
 with an army oi men to fearch the gold mines and of tie foffcs wh'ch he 
 found to haue bin digged in old tyme 
 
 39« 
 
392 
 
 The contciitcs of I he decades. 
 
 I! 
 
 I:V 
 
 It'P' 
 
 I 
 
 O Ttu CoiitenUs of the. v. bookf. Pol. 23. [p. Si.] 
 
 Tlowe llic I.iciiclcn.iTint Iniildcil a. fdrtrcfrc in tlic k"'''c myncs : Anil 
 prr'paicil inflruinonlis fjr llic i")iii(,'ini;c mv\ fyninf^e of tlie goMi:. 
 
 Ilowu ciilcyne fliyp|ics laik-n wiili vyinylcs cami; fiunie Sp.iync : .\\v\ 
 howc tlic I.ic'iuieiiauiil fciit the kynj^cs which rclicilcil, with llircc hund- 
 reth capliius iiUu Sp.iync. 
 
 lliiwc ihc I.iifi'lcnauntc reninucil liis haliylaciim : Ami Imyhlod a 
 fortreflc which he caiilcil faytit I>inniiiickcs luwrc Alfi) liowc ho I'affcil 
 ouer the ryiier Nail)a, ami cnlciccl inlo the wdikKIcs of luafylo trees, 
 
 lIiiwc the ijreat kynjje lieuchius Anacaiielioa, fiemlcly eiileiteyned the 
 Licuctcnaunt, ami liruw^jht hyni to his pallaycc, where the l<ynt;es wyiics 
 anil concubines receaneil him honor.iMy with poni]>es ami triuniphes. 
 
 Of the fiirlrelTes which were erecteil in llifpaniola: Ami imwc the 
 Licuctcnaunt exaeteil trilmie of the kynj,'cs whiche relielle 1 at;eyne. 
 
 Howe the I.ieuelen.iunt felle vppon the kyngcs vnwares in the nyL;ht 
 fcafon, ami tooke. xiiii. of them pryfuncrs. 
 
 Howe kynfie ( luarionexius, capitayne of the confpiracie was pardoned, 
 and howe he perfu.aded the people to oliedience. 
 
 llowc kynfje lieuchius Anacaucho.i, fentc meffmi^crs to the Licuctcnaunt 
 to repayre to his |xillayce where he foundc xxxii. kini,'es redy with Iheyr 
 Iriljulcs : And luiwe the ipieene Anacaona entyfed hym to catc of the 
 ferpcntes llofllio, 
 
 Howe the ferpcntes (Icfllic is prcparcil to be eaten : And how delicate 
 mcate thcyr Cf;t;cs arc yf they l>e fodilen. 
 
 Howe queem; Anacaona, fyftcr to kynf;e lieuchius Anacauclioa, enter- 
 teyncd the Liefelonaunt, an<l t;aue hym niuchc houflioldc lUilTe ami many 
 velTels of llehene wooilde artificially wrou^jht and can ed. 
 
 Howe kynije Anacauclioa and the ipiecne his fyflcr went ahoordo the 
 Liefelcnaunt his (liyppe, and howe (jrcalcly they were a iiafecl to bcholde 
 the furniture therof. 
 
 Howe Kulilanus Xeminus a Spanianle, rebelled in the I.icui.^.iauntcs 
 abfence : by whofe myfdcmcanour alfo kinge Ciuarionexius was iirouoked 
 to a ncwe confpiracie, and with liym Maiobanexius the kyngc ot the 
 mountayncs. 
 
 (^ T/ie conUnies ofthr/yxtc Me. Foli. 28. [/. 87 ] 
 
 C The thyrde vynfje of Colonus, and howe he diucrted from his accuf- 
 tonied rafe by the llandcs of C'annrie to llie Ilande of Madera for feare oi 
 certayne frenche pirates and rouers. 
 
 Of the. xiii, Ilandes which in olde tymc were caulcd Hcfpcridcs, ami are 
 nowe caulcd the llandcs ol Caput Viride or Caboucrde. Alfo of the 
 Tortoyfes of the Ilande of lionauifta, whcrwilh tlie leaper is healed. 
 
 Howc the Admirall founde conta^ii)U'" ayre and extreme heate ncre the 
 Eipiinoctial w here the north pole was cleuate onely fyue degrees : And 
 how failyng from thence wcftwanl, he founde the (larrcs placed in other 
 order, and the fea ryfynge as it were ihc backc ot a mount.iync. 
 
 Howe the Admyrall faylynge welUvardc, and neuer palTyng owte of the 
 dyme or paralclcs o( ICthiopc, fcunide a temperate Region ami people of 
 goodly corporature : And wliat difference is bctwcnc the natures of Regions 
 beyng vmler one paralcle and one eleualion of the pole. 
 
 Ol the Ilandes of I'uta and Margarita : and of the fwift courfe or faule 
 of the Ocean from the Lall to the werte. 
 
 Of the goulfes caulcd Os Draconis : And of the confliete betwene the 
 frellie water and the faltc. 
 
 Of a fea of freflie water : And a mount.iyne inhabited onely with monkeys 
 and marnKifetlcs. 
 
 Ol the fayre, riclie, and large region ot Paria : And howe frendly 
 th[e]inhabitantes entreated the Admyrall and his men. Alfo of pleafaunte 
 wyne made of dyuerfe fniites : And of grcate abundaunce of pcrles and 
 golde. 
 
 Of the regions ot Cumana, Manacap.at-.a, and Curiana, bcynge regions 
 of the large prouynce of Paria : And of tl e fea of herbcs or wceiles. 
 
 A ccrteyn fecreate as touchynge the pole ttarre and the cleu.ation of the 
 fame : Alfo of the roundnelTe of the earthe. 
 
 39) 
 
 Of the niouiilayucs of I'.iria in the loppcs wlierof Colonus cmcflly 
 a'lirmelh the earthly I'ar.idife to be liiuatc : And whether I'aria be I'arl 
 of the firine land or cuntineut of Imlia. 
 
 C The ioiitiiitis of llie. vii. Ivohe. I'ol. ^y [/>. 90.] 
 
 C Howe Roldanus Xemimis with his conrelherates, accufed the Admi- 
 rall to the kyngc : And howe he pourged hym lelfe and aeeufcd them 
 
 Ibiwe kyngc (luarionexius rebelled ageyne ; Ami with him kyng ,Maiu. 
 bancxius : Alfo howe they with other kiiiges r.onc ageynll the Licueten- 
 aunle with an armye of. viii. thoiifaudc mil.cd and payntctl Cigiiaui.nn, 
 Alfo iwoo rare exemplcs of frendlhyppe and f.iythfuliicb in barbarou. 
 princes. 
 
 lli>we Colonus the .\dmirall and the Lie;!ctcnaunle liys brother, were 
 fent bouixle into .Spayne ; And newe olViccr^ appoyiUcil in thcyr places. 
 
 The eontentes of the. viii. looke. Ful. 37. [/. 94. J 
 
 C The nauigation of Pclnis .■ti/-ih<iifiis frome Spayne to I'aria, where in 
 the region of C'urian.a, he had in lliorte fpace. xv. vnees of pearlcs and 
 grcate plenty of vyiailes lor h.iukcs bcllees, pynnes, lokinge glaffes, and 
 fuche other tryfclles. 
 
 Of ccrteyn coniccturcs whcrby Paria is thoui^ht to bee parte of the firnie 
 lande : And ol the golden region of Caiit/iiihi, where in the nioneth of 
 Nouember the ayre is temperate and not coulde. 
 
 Howe Ali>honfus had a conllicte with the Canibals : and howe they 
 arc ,acuflomc<l to inuadc other contrcys. 
 
 '^.' grcate abundaunce of faltc in the region of Ilaraia; and howe the 
 (lead bodycs of thcyr prynces are dryed, referucd, and relygioufly honouied. 
 
 Howe Alphonfus at his returne to Sjuyne frome Curiana, brought with 
 hym threcfctMc and. xvi. poundc weight of pearles which lie bought fur 
 owre tryfells aniountinge only to the value of fiue fliillyngs. 
 
 77ie eontentes of the. ix. boohe. Fol. 40. [/. 96.] 
 
 C The Nauigation of Vinccnlius Pinronus and Aries Pin/ouus, end 
 howe they fiyled bcyomle the Kquinoctiall lync, loflc the fyght of the 
 noithe flarrc, and foundc the fiarres ir. .jdicr order. 
 
 Howe \'inceuliiis jialTynge the C'luinoctiall lowarde the fouthe pole, 
 foundc fierce and w.arlike people of great Rature ; And of the fea of freihe 
 water. 
 
 Hoivc Vinccnlius directing his courfe towaole Ihc north wcOj from the 
 ciiuinoctia'.l, iccouercd the fyght of the nortlie pole, and by the regions of 
 Marialamball, t.'a.nomorus, and Pericora, came to the fayre and rychc 
 pronincc of Pa.'ii, and to the regyons of Os I-)racouis, Cumana, Mana- 
 capana, Curiana, iSic. 
 
 A coniecture tliat Parii ^■. hciby i mcnt that mayne land now caulcil 
 America) (ludde be part'' of the fyrme lande or continent of India, lieyonde 
 the ryuer of (langcs an I no ilande: Ami of the cxcedynge great riucr 
 M.irnguonus rcplcnidicd with Il.imles. 
 
 Of lloriollcmiea and .Siiirioftoinea, the monthcs of the famous ryuer of 
 Dannbius, caulcd in oleic tyme lllcr: And of the ccunmoditics ol the regloi'- 
 and Ilandes about Paria. Alfi- of the wo(Mles ot bralile trees. 
 
 Of many irutfull Ilandes walled and lefte defolate I refon the Cam- 
 balles crucltie : And of the trCcs ol Cafi'ia I'illuli -^ 'her trees of 
 
 cxcedyng bygn 'fie. 
 
 The defcription of a certayne monflruous be . iiow Vincent. us 
 
 lofle two of his fliyppcs by tempcfles. 
 
 Howe Vincentius at his relume to Spayne, brou|.;iii b hym ■ nonie, 
 gynger, and certayne precious floones caided Toj^alcs. And * .le naui- 
 gallons of certayne other inhabit.-'.nlcs of the townc ol Palos. 
 
 Of the precious medicine caulcd Anime Album. And of the diuerfe 
 fuperftitions of the inhabitauntcs of Hil'paniola. Alfii of their Iilolatry, 
 and howc they honour the ymagcs ^\l deuylles, whiche they caule Zenies. 
 
The contcntes of the decades. 
 
 393 
 
 C 77/t' CoiitciiUs cflhc. X. boohe. Fol. 48. \p. 103.] 
 
 Ofjjrcat plinlie of udMc, pcrlcs, and fr.ii!cnfcncc fuuml iji llic repioiis 
 01 I'aria. Aii'l uf iiiminieral)lc l)ealU's in flii po ilytTcryiinc fri)ni owios. 
 
 Ilowc llic Spani.iiiles profiTcil tlicnj fclucs to coni|ucrc ihc newc foumlo 
 Innilos, l)'.'ynt;e in lar[;cncfrc thryfc as (;rea' as Kiinipc bifydc llic fuulliu 
 liinilc's partcyiiynt;i; lo llic rurlujjali'S. At I Iidwc llii; iialurc uf llic place 
 nlliri I the formes ami (pialilies of lliy,;'"'' 
 
 Ul llic Ilamlc of Cuba, and of llic yoUlc myncs of llic Ilaml of Sancti 
 
 lohanni*, othcrwifc caalcd Itnriclienn, or Iluclicna. Alfo of (lie ryche 
 golilo myncs of Ilifiiaiiiola, and of tlic ordir of woikyn^c in llie fame. 
 
 Of the two cliitfe (;cildc iiiyni's of llifp.iniola. And of a pcco of goldo 
 wcyinijc tliro tlioufando lluv lumdnili and Uniie pouiidf wi-yi;lit. 
 
 Ilowc the (jolde is (yncd and ililliylpiiled ; Ami liowe tli.U only in lllB 
 mi'llyntjc lliops of llic two t;oldcn -iiyncs of llifp.iniola, is molten ycarcljf 
 abouc llirco liundritli llioiifaiidc iioiindc \vcy(;lit of |;oldc. 
 
 Ilowc lli|clciitcipryfcs of tliu Sp.inyaidis arc not inferior lo lli[r]actcs of 
 Satuniu-i or llcitulcs ; An.l liowc ilie .\dinyr.ill difLoucrcil the londc uucr 
 ni;cynll llic well coiner of Lulu and llic ILiiidc of Ciii.uialf.u 
 
 C The Contcntes of the bookes of the feconde Decade. 
 
 C The coutenlcs of the fyrjlhoohc. Fol. 51. [/. 106.] 
 
 Ilowe after the death of Colonus the Admiral', the kynRC pane free 
 lyccnee to all fiielic as woldc attemptc any vyages : And of the naiiiyatioiis 
 of |)iet;o Nicuefa, ami Alphonfus Koj^eda 
 
 Of the Ilandc Coilcj,'! and the region of Caraniairi ; And of ccrlcyne 
 fwccte apples whichc tu nc into woorines when they are eaten, whofc trees 
 arc alfo cont.a^ious. 
 
 Ilowe Alfonfus Fogeda, the I.icuctcnannt of Vralia, cncounteryngc with 
 the liarliaiians had tht oueithrowe. And liowc in this coiilliete, fyllic of 
 his men were llayne with lohannes dc la Cofl'a thcyr eapylaync. 
 
 Ilowe l''of;eda, and Nicuefa the l-ienctenaunle of Itcragua, rcucnged the 
 death of thcyr coonipanyons ! And howo I'oyda came to the llande 
 I'orlis and the rej;ion of Cariliana where he w;vs repulfed from the golde 
 mynes by ihc fiercenenc of the barbarians vfyng arrowes infccteil with 
 poyfon. 
 
 Ilowe Fogcda was woundetl in the thygh with a vcnemous arrowe, and 
 his men alniofl eonfumed wilh famyn. 
 
 Howe a briganline was drowned with the Arokc of a fyfilie : And of the 
 nauigation of Ancifus from Ilifpaniola to Vraba. 
 
 01 the Lamentable fliyppewraeke of Ancifus : And of the date trees an<l 
 wyhle bores which he foundc. 
 
 Of the frulcs or apples of the trees caulcd Ceders of Libane which bearc 
 owlde fnites and newc all the yeare. 
 
 Ilowe onely three of the Canibales wilh llieyr bowes and inucnemed 
 arrowes aflaylcil Ancifus with a hundreth of his men : In which cunllicte 
 lliey wounded and flewe many. Alfo of tlieyr fwyftneffe of foote. 
 
 Of ihe great ryuer of Dariena : And how .\iicifns encountered with fyue 
 hundreth of lh[c]inli.abitauntes of the goulfe of Vraba and put them to 
 flygli'. Alfo howe he foundc grcale plenlie of wrought golde and houf- 
 holdc (luffe in a thycket of reedes. 
 
 C The conlaites pf the fecoiick booke. Fol. 58. [/. m.] 
 
 O Howe Nicuefa lofle his felowes in the o.^rke nyglit and went pa.1 the 
 moulh of the ryuer Deragna which he fought : And howe the capilayncs 
 of the other fliyppes conluUol how to fynde hyni. Alfo of the rjnicr 
 I^agartos in the which great Lyfartes are founde much lykc vnto the 
 Crocodiles of Nihis. 
 
 Howe the capilayncs forfooke thcyr fliyppes that the fouldycrs myglit 
 bee without hope of departure : And of the miferable cliauncc of IVtnis 
 dc Vnibria and his felowes. 
 
 liy what chaunce Nicuefa was founde, and of the calamities which he 
 ,,id his coompany fufteyned. Alfo of the region of Gracia Dei or Cera- 
 baro, and of the ryuer uf Sancli Matlhci. 
 
 Howe Nicuefa caufed them to lomoiie tlicyr h.iliitarion from rieingiia lo 
 poynic Marinor where he byldeil a fortrelTe And howc his men by wane 
 and faniyn, were eonfumed from feuen hundreth and odde, to fearfely one 
 lumdrelli. 
 
 Ilowe one VafiluH Nnnnez vfurped tli['.']aiitontic of the Lieue- 
 lenauntcniyppe of Vralia in lli[elabfenec of I-'ogcda: And of the naui- 
 gation of Rodericus Colmenaris from Ilifpaniola to Vraba. 
 
 Of the ryuer Claira ilefcendyngc from the loppe of a hygli niounlayne 
 coucred with fnowe ; And howj Koderieus Colnienaris in a eoiilliclo 
 agcynfl the barbarians, lode, xlvii. of liia men by rtafoii of thcyr inucnemed 
 arrowes. 
 
 Of the force of the poyfon wherewith the barbarians iiifeete theyr 
 arrowes, and a rcmedie for the fame. Alfo howe Cobnenaris by ^niiinclhot 
 and kyndclyngc fyers on the hyglic toppcs of the roekcs, c.iuic to the 
 Spanyardea Icfle defolu'.c in Uarieiia, 
 
 C The coittciitcs of the thyrdc hoohe. Fol. 61. \l<. \\\.\ 
 
 C Ilowc Nicuefa was fought foorlh lo ac'|uielc the eoileiilioiis of 
 Vraba ; And howe he was ageync reiected. 
 
 Howe Vafchus Nunnez imiaded, looke pryf iners, and fpoylcd the kyngcs 
 bortlierynge abowt the region of Vraba : And ho'.ic Ancifus Licuetenaunt 
 for I'ogcda was call in pryfoii, and afterwardc let at libertie. 
 
 Ilowe Ancifus tooke his vyagc I'rom Vir'oa lo Sp.ayne to accufc Vafchu- : 
 who alfo at the fame tyme fent Valdii-.i.i afwcll lo fpeakc in his defence, as 
 alfo to ccrtific the kyngc of theyr doynges. 
 
 Howe kynge Careta civifpired with Ihe .'^pnnyardes agcynfl kyngo 
 Ponclia whom they put to ily;;ht an 1 fpoylcd his vyll.igc. 
 
 I lowc kynge Comogrus frcndely enlcrleyncd the Spaiiyardcs and brought 
 them to his pallaicc while he Ihcwed them the dryed C'arkafcs of his 
 aunceftours refcrxicd and fumptuoully a|iparelled : And howe the kynges 
 cider fonne gane Vafchus ai. I t,'olinenaris fourc tlioufand vnces of wrought 
 gold .and hflie ll.aucs. Alfo a w yttie oration which he made lo the .'^pany- 
 ardes, wherein he certifyed ihcym ot a countrcy exceadynge ryche in 
 golde, &c. 
 
 C The contcntes of the fourth bochc. Fol. 66. [/. 118.] 
 
 C Of horryl)lc thunder and lyglilnynge in ihe mooncth of Noi.,Mnber, 
 anil of grayne which waxclli rype lliiyfe a yeare Alfo how digedion is 
 flrengthencd by owtwarde coulde. 
 
 Howe Valdiuia is fcnt ageyne into Ilifp.aniola to moue the Qouemour 
 and counfaylc there to fende into Hptiyne to Ihe kynge for a lupplie of a 
 tlioufand fouldycrs to make way lo the golden mounlayncs : And howe 
 
 .193 
 
394 
 
 The cont elites of the decades. 
 
 ir .]! 
 
 Ii , t 
 
 
 lie curycil wiih hym the kyngcs poitiDii, ^lllat is) llic fyflc jiarte of goldc 
 aii'l oilier lliyn^es. 
 
 IIuHc Vafclms imi.nlcil the ' ynj^es iii1i;\l)ylyn},'c the rci;inns about the 
 Roulfc iif Vi.iha, ami howe '.c imt kyiiij Daliailia li> lly(;hl, ill whofe 
 vyIlaL;c '-.e fomule wroiigl . goldc aiiuiiiiilyiit;c to tb.c »cyt;lit ol feiieu 
 thouiaiulc LallellaiK. 
 
 (II haltes as liyi;i;e as turtle ilooues wliitli fi^inlyine 1. te men in the 
 nyt^lit ill their llcepe, whofe liytynj;e is alio venomous : Iwt is healed with 
 water of the fea or by cauterization as arc alfo the woundes ol veucmous 
 arrowes. 
 
 Of ihe Ilandc of ("aniuiriftula, and a townc if fyue luindreth liouf-s, 
 whole kyii^e Abenamathei was taken and liis arine cuttc of in he 
 
 Ol ii>.vs of exceadyntjc byiincflc and hryght : And howe kynge Abi' ciba 
 had his pallaicc in the \"Y\v ol a tree fru''- '\-: wliich he wxs infor ed to 
 uelceude and ciilrealc of peace. 
 
 C The contcntes of Ihc fyflh Iw^kc. Fol. 69. [/. 120.] 
 
 C Howe kynge Abraila flcwe a capilayne of the Spanyards and 
 caufed the kynijes lo rcbell. Alfo howe they were put to lly^ht an 1 many 
 of tli'.'yr men lliv" 
 
 Of fyue kiuijes which atlempteil a newe confpiracle with a hundrelh 
 preai Canoas and line i.ioufand men : And howe theyr intent was bcw.aycd 
 by a w-.man, ;.r. ! preuenled. Alfo howe Umlericus tolnicnaris fackiil 
 .lie vylla^e of Tichiri and honjje the kyiij;c therof witli foure of his chiefc 
 rulers, and couimauiuled them to be lliotle tlirouyh with arrowes. 
 
 C The contaitis of the fyxlc h\iki\ Fol. 72. [/>. 122.] 
 
 C Ilowe Vafchus with his confelherates, fente Johannes Quiccdus 
 an'. Colinenaris from I laiii^na lo Ilifpaniola and from ihenfe to Spayne lo 
 the kynj; for a tlioufaiid men to palle ouer the mountaynes to 'he 1,'oMen 
 ri(;ioiis : An I what mifcrie-. tlicy fulleyned in that vya^e. Alfo of the 
 death of \'alldi]uia, /ainudiu?, and I''oi;eila. 
 
 tif ihe profperou vyaj^e of Aneifus. And ho\.e ginlde wrought miracles 
 bv the limple faylh of a mariner. Alfo Imw fjo<l refpetteth tli[e]infaneie 
 <)( fayth for /eles fake : And howe one relijjion turned into another, lioldctli 
 llyll many thini;es ol the lyrlle. 
 
 Howe many of ihe l>aibarians were baptifed by reafon of the inir.icl<;s : 
 Ami liowe they rewarded the prefles by whome they were baplifed. 
 
 Howe .Ancilus ihorlly after his arryuall in Spayne, reforteil to the coutle 
 and made his coinplaynt to the kinj;e of th[e)infolencie of Vaftlui^, wlier- 
 iippon the kynjje j;aue lentenee a^eynll hym : And howe apte the baibar- 
 ous nations arc to cmbr.afc the Chnilian (;iylh. 
 
 C The conUntes cf tht feticnth hoke Fol. 79. \p. 136] 
 
 C Howe t^iiicedus .anil Colmcnaris the procuralours of Dariena, were 
 liniioi ably enlerieyned .at the courte .and brought to the kynj^es prefence ; 
 And howe theyr complexion w.as chaun(;eil by altcralion of Ihe aycr. 
 
 Howe 1 Virus Arias a noble man, was elected fjouernour and l.ieuelenauni 
 of I'.iriena: And howe oilier of the court laboured for the fame e licc. 
 Alf ) howe ihc byflhop of l!ur^;es fpake to the kynge in his liehalfe. 
 
 Howe I'elrus Alias had a thoufande and two 'lundrelhc fouldycrs 
 appoynted hym at ihc kyiij;es charijes : And of the Uynyes cuftomc iioufe 
 in the cilie of Ciuile, eaulcd the houfe of the conlrades of Imli.a. 
 
 Howe a Kieat numlicr of Spanyanles profered theuif.'liies lo (jo at theyr 
 owne ehar;;es : And of a reUraint made that no Urai:nj;er niynht palfc 
 wilhoul the kyn;;es licence. Alfo liowe the autour reproueth Aloilius 
 C'adamullus a wryier of the Tortuijales vy.aj^es. 
 
 Howe I'elnis .Vrias ihorlely after his departure frome f'iuile, loft Iwo of 
 liis Ihyppes and was dryuen lackc ajjeyne by lempell : .And howe bein(;e 
 newly furnyflhed, hee palled Ihe Ocean with more piofperous wymles. 
 
 The thyrde vy.aye of Vinccnlius rin/.omis, and howe he cainc to Ihc 
 
 regions of I'aiia whore cncounteryngc witli lh[e]inh.a)>itauntcs he put them 
 fyrft lo llyght : but after faulyng to cntrcatie 01 peace, they g?ue hym 
 (jre.atc plentie of goldc .and abundaunce of m.afculinc fraiikcnfence wilh 
 dyuers other princely prefentes. 
 
 Of Ihe gre.ate multitude of popingiayes which .irc in the region of I'aria, 
 and howe lli[elinli.d)itimrs a.e apparelled. Alfo of the fyue kyngcs that 
 m.ide a league of frendelhyppe with Vinccnlius. 
 
 Howe Vinccnlius fayled ICaftwarde by the lr.acle of the regions of I'aria 
 vnlyll he came to the poynle [d'/- ■'>• .'«,'"'//«/] of that longe lande which 
 the autour fuppofclh tu be the grcatc lUindc Atlantikc whcrof llic owlde 
 wrylcis make incniion. 
 
 C The contcntcs of the. vtii. booke. Fol. 80. [/. 129] 
 
 A conlcnlion belwene the Caftilians and Portugales its conccrnynge 
 the iliuilioii of the newc founile laniles : And liowc the controuerfie was 
 fynyflhed by the bylhop of Kome. 
 
 Howe Don Chryftophcr the goucrnoure of Ihe Ilande of Sancti loh.annis, 
 was llayne by Ihe Canibales and the byOliop put to llyght. Alfo of the 
 oilier byllhops of ihe Ilamles. 
 
 '. lowe the Canibales of the Hand of Sancia Crux, flew and eate a kynge 
 V ilh cerlcyiie of his men beiiige frendes lo the Cliryftians and made fag. 
 goties of theyr bones : And how queielynge wilh owrc men, lliey put thcni 
 to niencc. 
 
 The conlcnla of Ihc. /.v. bookc. Fol. Si. [/*. \t,o.\ 
 
 C Of the manielous fmtcfulncs of the regions of Iteragua, Vr.ab.a, and 
 Dariena ; And of the ilyuers kyndes of trees .and fiules. Alfo of the pie:.- 
 faunt lade of fwyne-. lleflhe beiiige fedde wilh the frulcs of Mirolial.ine ticv 
 
 01 I, ions and I'ygers and other wylde beaftcs : And of a bcalle of 
 ftraunge forme. 
 
 Of the ryuers of the goulfc of Vrabn, as the ryiicr of Dariena and Rio 
 (Irandis : And howe the great ferpcntcs cauled CroeiHlilcs, are fouiide in 
 other ryuers byfyde Nilus in Kgypte. Alfo howe th[e].iulour of this booke 
 W.1S fent Ambaffadour to the .Sold.ane of Alcayr in Kgiple. 
 
 Of the I'orlugalcs nauigalions, and of the ryuer Senega founde by them 
 to bee a chanel of Nilus. Alfo of the multitude of byrdes and foules bciiige 
 in the maryflhcs of Dariena. 
 
 A phylofophicall difcourfe nf thre]origlnall and generation of fpryiiges 
 and ryuers: And of the brcadih of the lande diuydyngc the norlh ami 
 foulh Ocean. 
 
 Of the great ryuer M.aragnomis and of the caithly Paradyfe : And howe 
 fprynges are engendered by conuerciiui of ayer into water. 
 
 Of ihe often laule of raync viider the Kipiinociiall line, and of the pores 
 of ihe fea opened by ihe South wymles. 
 
 Of ihe great ryuers of 'I'anais, (laiiges, D.amibius, and Kridnnus, famous 
 to the owlde wryters : And howe eerleinc ryuers runnynge throughe ihe 
 caues of the earthe, breake furth into fprynges afarrc of. 
 
 O The contenUs of the. .x. Iwoke. Fol. 86. [/. i.^t-l 
 
 C Howe the ncwe foumle landes difeouercil by Ihe Spanyardes in llie 
 Weft Ocean, are eyglil lynies b; gger then Italic bef)ile lliat wliic!; the 
 rorlugales poffelfe : And of the cardes of the fea drawen by Colomis and 
 Aniericus Vefpu'ius, 
 
 The order of mealui yn^e the lande : And howe .t league conlcynelh 
 foure myles by fea and but ihree by lande. 
 
 The Nauigation of lohannes Dias, and of the fundiyc ciruslions of the 
 pole (birrc. 
 
 Of Ihe Ilande of lioiiira or .\gnaneo, and of the fpringc whofe water 
 being dronke, inufeth owld men lo luke yonge. 
 
 H'jwe Nicuefa and his fouMleis were fo opprelTed wilh fam'.i, that lliev 
 were dryuen to e.ate niangic dogges, to.ules, and de.ide men : And howe a 
 brolhc made ol a iloggcs Ikinn .*, was fuuldc fur many pieces of goldc. 
 
'lite con/eiifcs of the decades. 
 
 395 
 
 C The cent cut cs of tJ, e bookcs of the thyrde Decade. 
 
 «5 ne coitlctites of the fyrjlhocke. Fol. 88. [/. 137.] 
 
 C Of tlic (lff|icrnle adiicntiire and guixl fuilunc of Vafdius : Ami Iiow 
 will'. .1 liiindrc'tli fourfcurt' nml leii men, lif lnoii^jlit lli.\t to palTe fur tlii! « liicli 
 I't'tnis Arias was fuiile willi a llioufaiule and twu hundiflli frcfllu ImiMycrs. 
 
 Howe irt-n fcruuth fur more ncccffary vfcs then yold, and liowc fupcr- 
 flullk'S liyndcr lihertic. 
 
 llowc Vafcluis in one conlliclc, (lewc fyxc hundrclli harharyans with 
 Ihcyr kyn;;cs : And howc he foundc tlic houfo of kyn^; (Juari.c|iia infected 
 with viniatuial lechery, connnanndynfje that the kynije and forlie fuchc as 
 he kciite for that inirpofe, lluilde lie jjyuen for a piay to hisdoyyes whielic 
 ho vfed to feme in the warres ajjeynll tliefe naked peojile. 
 
 Of a region of Macke Moores : And howe \'afchus eanic to the toppcs 
 of the mountaynes, where t;eHynge thankc:> to i^od, he lieheldc the iiewe 
 f*.>iilh Ocean neuer before fcne nor knowen to men <»f owre worlde. 
 
 Howe Vafchii-i put kvnjje C'hiapes to l!yt;ht, and after inaile a leai^'iie of 
 frendediyiipe with liym : And howe the king gane hym. iiii. Immlietli 
 ponndes weyt;ht of wruii^;ht yolde. 
 
 Howe kyn^^e (.'oipiera was pntle to flyj, ., who nifo bcintje receauctl to 
 fre'ulelhyppe, yaue Vafehus fyxc hundrelh and fiftie poinides weyyht of 
 wroHf;! t (joldc. 
 
 Of the (;oulfe caulcd Sinus. S. Mlchacli> luinfje full of inhaliiled Ilandcs: 
 Anil of the manly cora(;c and godly icale of Valchus. Alfo of the rylyiii^e 
 and faulyn^; ' f the fouth fea. 
 
 Howe kyn;,'i Tumaccus lieinge dryuen to flyj;ht and afterward : recon- 
 ciled, gauc \'afchus. vi.hinidreth and. xiiii. pefos of(,'oide, and two hun- 
 tlreth anil fortie of the (jreatell and fayrell pearles : And howe the kyi\ye 
 caufed his nun to fyllie for pe .tries. 
 
 Of the llande caulcd Marjjaiitca Diucs: And of the aliun l.iuncc of fa;' j 
 and i^rcat pearles fonnde Ihcrin. 
 
 Of haliitahle re^'ions vndei the Iviuinocliall line : And of the I'lirlngales 
 rauijjalions to the Antipodes iidiahylynj^e llie fyue and fillie ile(;rec of the 
 fiiutli pole. Alfo a Ucclaratiuii of Antipodes, and of the llaires about the 
 fouth pole. 
 
 C The contcntcs of the fcconde booke. Fol. 95. [/. i.j; ] 
 
 C Of the tnaner of fyllliynt;e for |K'arKs and of the three kyndes therof 
 Alfo dyuers other ipiellion^ concernyn^c perles. 
 
 Of the multitude of the (liell fyflhes wlierin porles r.rc eni^endered and 
 founde in inaner in all places in the fouth fea: And of aliiindauncc i^f 
 (jolde founde almolle in enery houfe. Alfo howe the Ireafurie of nature is 
 in thofe eoaftes: And of tlie (joMe mynes of Darien.i. 
 
 Howe kynt;e 'I'eaocha j;aue Valchus. xx. |xjuniles wei;;ht of wrou(;V 
 j;olde and two h'indreth pellet. Alfo of defertcs full of wylde liealles, and 
 howe V:!fchus was trouMed with ^;re,lle heate in the numetli of Nouemlier. 
 
 Howe a ilo(ii{e I'yyer was taken, .and his whelpes tyed in cheyncs and 
 tcuiic in piccca : Alfo howe Vafehus gauc. iiii kyn^jes to his dojjgcs to be 
 deuoi'red. 
 
 Of the vfe of doggcs in Ihcyr warren, and of ihe ficrcenclTc of the Canibalcs, 
 
 Howe kynge I'ononiana fauourcd the rinyfli.ins and jjane V.ifchns. xx. 
 pounde '.vcyj^ht of u'rouj^hl golde. Alfo his ctration to \'al"cliiis. 
 
 A liniililiide prouyni;e j;reale plentie of t;olde in the regions of the fouth 
 fea, and of the trauayles which owUle fouldyers are able to fulleyne. 
 
 C The umlcntis of the Ihyi-.li- Kwke. Fol. 99. [/. 14^1.] 
 
 C Howe kynt;e liuchibuca fulmiytled hym felfe to Vafehus, an I fent 
 hym certeyne vcirelles of ^olde. Alio howe kyn^e Chiorifu> fcnte hym. xxx. 
 dyllhes of pure j^olde. 
 
 Howe iren fciuelh for more ncceffary vfes then gold. Alfo an exemple 
 of the lyfe of owr fyille parenles. 
 
 Howe kynge I'occhorrofa fubmyt ed hym fclfe, and gauc Vafehus. xv. 
 puunde weyglit of wmuglit g ilde. ^Ufo howe Tumanam.i the gre.it kyngc 
 ol the golden regions towarde the foulh fea, is taken pritoner. I.ykew)fc 
 huwe he gaue \'afchus. xxx. poutule wcyght of pure and wrought golde, 
 and his noble men. Ix. jioundcs weyght of guide. 
 
 Of the eaufe of vehement wyndes nere vnlo the lC<|uinoctLi!I line, and of 
 the coloure of the eaith of the golden mines. 
 
 Of the large aiul frutcfull pl.ayne of Zauana, an I nf the ryuer Coniogriis. 
 Alfo howe kynge Comogrus 1 iptiled by the name of 1. Iiarlci, gaue N'afchus. 
 XX. pounde weyght of wiought golde. 
 
 Of the good fortune of Vafehus, and howe lie was turned fiom (lolialh 
 to Klifeus, and from Aniens to Hercules: And with «hat ficiliUe tlio 
 Spanyardes Ihali hereafter obteyre greatc plentie of golde and pearles. 
 
 Of the Spanyardes coni|uelles, and fiercenelVe of the ' aiiibales. Alfo an 
 exhortation lo Chryllian princes to fellc forw ardc Chi) lies religion. 
 
 O The coHlen'a of the fourth hvke. Fol. 104. [/>. 150] 
 
 C 'Ihc fourth vyage of Colonus the A Iniirall frome Spaync to Hif- 
 paniol.i, and to the other llandes and coalles of the hrme lande : Alfo of 
 '.lie lloryflhyngc llande ( lu^inalia. 
 
 Of feuen kyndes of dale trees, wyMe vyncs, and Myrobalanes : Alfo iif 
 byrdes and fuule*. 
 
 Of people of goi«lly ftalurc whicl; vfe lo paynt tlieyr bodyes : And of the 
 fwyfte courle of die lea fioni the call to the well. Alio of ireflhe water in 
 the fea. 
 
 Of the large regions of I'aria, Os Draconls, and f1uirii|uet.ina : And of 
 greatc Toitoyfes and reedes. Alfo of the foure fiulefull llandes caule<l 
 IJuatuor Tempoia, anil. xii. llandes eaulisl l.imonares. 
 
 Of f«eetc faiiouis and holfome ayer : And of the region Ouicuri, and the 
 haueit L'ai '.u or .Myiobalanus : Alio of eertevne ciuyle people. 
 
 ( )f tiees groynge in the fea ..fier a llraunge forte, and of a flr.iungc kynde 
 of Mixmkcys winch inu.ide men and feight s\ilh wylde Inires. 
 
 Of the giealegoull'i' of lerabaro replemfllud uilli many fruUfull llandes 
 and of the people which weaic cheyne> of golde made of ouches wroujjhl 
 to the lilllilitude of dyuers wylde beaOes and fouji's. 
 
 Ml 
 
^m^mf^mmw'm^'^f^rr 
 
 396 
 
 77/ 1' content cs of the decades. 
 
 iA 
 
 Of fyiio vyll.ifjis wliofo iiiluibilaiintes (;yiic tlicm fuliics oialy to K-ithcr- 
 yni;c t)l'^iil(lc, and arc paynlctl, \T\ni;c to wearo garlaiulcs tjf I-y»jn.s aiul 
 'I y};i.rs o-lawcs. Alfo of fciiiii lyiuri in all llic wliicli is founcle gn.-ilo 
 plcntic of (jiilde : Ami wliurc llii; jiK'nlie of ^joMe ccaftlli. 
 
 Of ccrluyne iicii|ik' whicli jiaynl lliryr iKxlycs, and concr tlicyr |iriiiie 
 iiicinlji.'i'i willi llicllcs, liauynjjc alfo plates of goldc liangynyc at llicyr nufc- 
 lliryllcs. 
 
 Of ccrteync woornics which licingc engendered in the fcas ncre ahowt 
 the Ki|ninocliall, ealc holes in lliyj'pes : And how the Admirals fliyppes 
 were dellroyde liy them. 
 
 Howe the kyn^i' of l!cra<;na enlcrteyncd the l.ienctenant and of the 
 prcat plenlie of j;o!d ill the lyiicr of Uuralia and in al the rcjjions iheic 
 alionle : Alfo in mutes of trees and Hones and in maner in all the ryiiers. 
 
 Howe the Lieuelenannt and his cooinpany wold haue erected a colonic 
 l>ef)de the ryiier of iJerai;iia, and was repiilfcil by th[ejinlialtitanntcs, 
 
 Ilowe the Adniiiall I'd into the liandcs of the l.arlurians of the llande 
 of l.miaica where he lyned niifciably tlie fpace of tcnne mocmcthes : And 
 by wliat channce he was failed and came to the llande of Ilifpaniola. 
 
 Of holfiniie re^itiiis, ienii>er.ite ayer, aiul eontimial fpriii^ al the hole 
 yeare : Alfo of eerteyiie people which lionour jjolde reliyioully diiryiiije 
 tlieyr ^tiKleii hiruell. 
 
 Of the inoiiiilayiie> of r.erajjna bein,L,'e I'iflie inylcs in heyj;ht and hy^jher 
 then the clowdes : Alfo the difcripeion of other monntayiies and regions 
 there about, compar)iij;e the fame to Italy. 
 
 t'oloiuis his ipinion as louchyii^'c ihe fiippofed contincMte, and ioynynfjc 
 of the novlli and foulli Ocean. Alfo of tlie bie-ulth of tliC f.'.y !e continentc 
 or firnie lande. 
 
 Of ihe ie;;iuns of Viaba and I'erapia and the prcat ryuer Man't;nonus 
 ai\<l the lyner of Pabaiba or .Saiicti bihannis Alfo of certeyne inaryflhes 
 and dcfohUe waye^, ;ind of ilraj^ons and Croc.diles eiij;endc red in the fame. 
 
 Of. XX. (jnldcn lyuei's abowt i >ari na and uf ceiteyne precious Ibines, 
 efpeeially a diaiiiuii<le of iiiafiteiloiis byi^:,'enelfe bought in the prouince of 
 I'aria. 
 
 Of the heroical fades of the .Spanvaidesand howc they contemne etTemi- 
 n.ile pleafures. Alfo a liniilitude prouy;.|ie gicate plcntic of golde and 
 l>recious ftoiies. 
 
 ^ The ccnIniUs cf the fyjih h'ohe. YA 113. [/. 156.] 
 
 C The naHij;.iiion of Petras Arias fhim Spnvno to Ilifpaniola an 1 
 I lariena, and <if the llamles of Canatie. Alio of the Ilandes of Madauino, 
 (iuadalupea, and (ialanta. 
 
 Of the fea of hcibes and inoiinlaynes couered with fiiow : Alfo of the 
 fvvyfte eouife of the fea tuwarde the well. 
 
 Of the ryuer Oaira, the rej;ic.n C'araniairi, and the porte Carthago 
 and Saiicta Martha ; Alfo of Anurieus \ efpulins ami his expert cuiiiiynge 
 111 the knowledge of the canle, compaile and i|iiadrant. 
 
 Howe the Canibales afl'ayled ^elru^ Arias with liis hole n.auie, ami (liol 
 of llieyr veiiemous arrowes eucii in llie fea. Alfo of tlieyr houfes and 
 houlh.ilde ftufle. 
 
 Ilowe tion/ahis Oiiie.iiis founde a f.i| hire bygger then a goofe cggc ; 
 Alfo eineroiles, calcidonies, iafpers, and amber of ihe iiMunlaynes. 
 
 or woddes of braille trees, plcntic of goldc, and iiian.haliles of meta!> 
 foiinde In the region>of Caramairi, Oair.x, and Satnrma. .Mfoof a llraungc 
 kyiide of niarch.iun lici exercifed ainonge the people of /i.nu. 
 
 That tlic region of ( aramahi is lykc to an earthly raradifc ! And of 
 the frutefuU niimnlaynes, and pleaf.uinte gardtyiies of the fame. 
 
 Of many go • lly couiitrey, made dcfulale by the fierccnes ol llic Cani- 
 balis, and I'l dyaers kyndes of bieade m.dle of rooies. .Mfo ol Wxr- mancr 
 of plintyiige the roote of lacia, wliofe ii.ife is ric.idely pirylo.i in the Ilandes, 
 and wiihoLt linrle in the coniinent or firnie lande. 
 
 Of lerteync gulden ryuer^ harte-, wylle bores, foulcn, godampinc, 
 wliyte marl le, and liullome ayer. Alfo of the giea!e lyuer Maragnonus 
 deiceiidyinje from the inouiitaiues coueicd with fnowe, cauled Scrra 
 Neuata. 
 
 JO* 
 
 Ilowe Petnis Arias wafted certeyne Ilandes of the Canib.-»les : And 
 howe by the fwyfie cuurfe of the fea, his lliyppes were called in one n)glit 
 fortie Icigues beyond th[e]cniination of the bcfle pylottc-s. 
 
 C The ententes of the fyxk hookt. Fol. ti8. [/. 161 ] 
 
 C Of fuiidry opinions why Ihe fea rijnneth with fo fwyft a courfe from 
 tlie ICafle to the weft : and of the grcatc goulfe of the north parte of the 
 firinc lande. 
 
 The vy.agc of Sebaftian Cabote from F.nglande to the frofen fea, and 
 howe being repulfcd with Ifc in the moonethe of luly, he fayled farre well- 
 warde. 
 
 Of people apparelled with bcaftcs (kynncs : And howe bearcs take f) flhcs 
 in the fea and cate them. 
 
 IIoivc .Sebaftian Cabote after that he had difcouereil the lande of Baccal- 
 l.aos or I!.aecallearum, was cauled out of ICnglande into Spayne, where he 
 w.as marie one of th[elalViftauiice of the counlaylc of lli[e]ilT.iyrcs of Indi.i, 
 and of his fecond vi.ige 
 
 Of the Ilandc I'ortis : And howe a great foiile as bygge as a ftorke 
 lyghted in the goueriiours Ihyppc. Alfo howe he arryueil at Darieiia with 
 the kynges iiauie. 
 
 Iluwe V.afchus rcccaueJ the newe gouernour : And of habitable regions 
 viider the Ki|uinoctial. 
 
 Howe IVtnis .\ries the newe gouernour diftributed his army to conquere 
 till fouth regions ryehc in golde, ami to ereete newe colonies in the liiine. 
 
 Of the ryehe golde myncs of Uabaib.a, and of tli[e]expedition ageynft the 
 kyiige of that region. 
 
 Of the Violent courfe of the fea from the eafl to the weft: And of the 
 dilTicu'.te faylyiige .ageynft the fame. 
 
 Of the peltiierous and vnwiiolfome .ayer of Saneta >b>ria Antigua in 
 Darieiia: and howe the iSpanyaides were of netelhtic inforced to plant 
 thcyr fyrft colonic ami habitation there. 
 
 The caiifc of the varietie of regions lyingc all vnder one degree or par.al- 
 elle, .and by what nicanes the fonne beanies are caufe of feiuent heale. 
 
 Of toades and flees engendered of dro)ipes of waler, and ol a lioufc fet 
 on fyre with lyghtnynge. 
 
 Of a doggc deuoured of a Crocoilyle \Tani]Uiim cai.is e A'ilo], and of the 
 veneimis bytynge of great batte^. Alfo of I. ions and Tygcrs and other 
 wylde bcaftcs. 
 
 I lowe in thefe regions all foure fooleil bcaftcs growc to a bygger qnantitie 
 then they wliiehe were of the fyrlle broode. Aifo of certeyne trees of wliofe 
 planekes if fliips be nude, they are fafe frome the woormes cauled Ihoiiia 
 or llvlTas. 
 
 Of a tre wliofe wod is prcfcii! poyion yf it be only borne about : And of 
 an lierbe that is a pieferiiatiuc .igeiiift the fame. 
 
 ( If the ryche Ihuides of the foulU fea, and of certeyne expeditions ageynft 
 the Caniba.cs, 
 
 C The conteiites of tht, vii, looke. Yo\. 124. [/. ifJ5.] 
 
 C The particular defcription of the IKimle of IPfpaniola, and of the 
 ryche Il..i'(le caulcJ Margaritca I Hues lyinge in the .^. nth fecu Alfo of 
 tile greate .'•.bundauncc of bigge pearles founde in '' e fiiiie. 
 
 How- the autonrc coinpareth Ilifpaniola to the carthely Taradyfc : And 
 Ilowe it fane txeelleth Italy in fertililie and temperaie ayr>\ 
 
 Of the fyrfte iiih.iliitonrs of Hifpaiiiula ami of the Ilandes of Canaric. 
 
 Howc the inhalii'aiintcs of Ilifpaniola in tlieyr foiiges and rhymes li.id 
 II .teyne prophclies that appareled men lliiildc cooiiic to tlieyr conlrey and 
 brynge lliem into Iciuilndc : And of tlieyr familiaritie with fpiriles. Alfo 
 liowe ihofc fpirites liaue no more appercd to them fence Ihey were 
 bapiifed. 
 
 Of thcyr cxpcrtcncfle in fwymniynge : And of tneyr delycatc ferpentcs, 
 byntes, funics, and |Kipiiigiais. 
 
 u 
 
 1 
 
The coutciitcs of the decades. 
 
 397 
 
 f)f the forme ami niuatimi of llifi>aiiiul.i lurc i!k' Iviuiiiin;ti.>ll : Ami 
 howe cnuMe is in fum plucc thereof acciilciUall and not by the lituation of 
 the e;,'on. 
 
 C'lJ.en and fwyne of cxccailin^'c bygnelTo : And of cares of whcatc as 
 byggi 'i a mans armc in llie braun. Alfo howe the fwyne arc fedde with 
 myrol ..lanes. &c. 
 
 Of plenty of goldc, br:)fylc, maftix, goflampync, Electrum &c. : Ami of 
 tli[e]inci>mm"dilies of intenipeiale regions. 
 
 Ofdyucrs languages in the Ilandc: And howe the proiiynccs are dc- 
 uidctl into regions. 
 
 Howe Andreas Moralls f.iyled into a daungtrous and darUo cane williin 
 the rocke of a monnlayne : And of hole ryuers deiionrcil of fucli tanes. 
 Alfo of the conllycic of the waters. 
 
 Of a flandyngc pole in the tope of an hygh mounlayne : And howe 
 feme and bramble bufihes growe oidy in coulde regyons. 
 
 O The Ciii.tiiitcs of the. viii. boole. I'ol. 130. [/. 170.] 
 
 C Of a grcale lake or (landyng poole of fowrc and fallc water, and of the 
 fca fyflhcb in the fame in the myddelande of the llandc. Alfo of deiiour- 
 yngc fyflhes cauled Tilmroni. 
 
 Of the ryuers fiiuling into the lakes, and of CC [200] fpringcs in (he fpacc 
 of a fiirlongc. 
 
 A meruelons hyflory of a kyngc ftryken dnnune and lame by a mir.ulc : 
 And of the Indian language. 
 
 Howe futile as are drowned in the lake, are nener cafle vp ageyne : 
 And of the llandc (luari/acca in the myddelle of the (landynge lake. Alfo 
 of a lake of freflhe v ater, and an other of falle and frefllie water. 
 
 Of a large pb.vne of two hundreth myles in length : And .in other of a 
 hundrethe and twentie. 
 
 Of the nieniclous fyfllie or nionllcr of the fca, cauled Mamti or Malum, 
 fedde with mans hande : ami howe (lie caryeth men <'uer the lake. 
 
 Of the monntaynes, vales, hylles, playne.s, and ryuers of llifpaniola: 
 And howe golde is foiinde in all mountaines and golde and fyflhes in all 
 ryuers. 
 
 Of faltc b.iyes, and howe the ryners hane thoyr increafe from the canes 
 of the mountnynes. Alfo howe there is no hurtefulle bcaflc in the Ilande. 
 
 Of the pleafures of Hiipaniola : And of the legion of Cotolii well 
 inhabytcd and filuatc in a playiic in the toppes of monntaynes reaeliynge 
 to the clowdes. 
 
 Of moileratc coulde in the monntaynes, and of feme of inerueyloiis 
 bygncfle. 
 
 Howe l>ure and niaflie golile is fuumle in the region of Coloy or C'ololiy : 
 And that the veyne of golile is a lyuyiige tree. Alfo of the rcKjtcs, 
 braunchcs, and lloures of the f.inie, ami howe cerieyne caucs are funeyned 
 with pyllcrs of guide. 
 
 What golile is bionghle yearely from llifpaniola into Spayne : And of 
 the faltc of the mountayne-i, beinge as hard .as Hones ami clearc as cryllall. 
 Alfo fprynge.s of falte, frelh and f<p«er water. 
 
 Of certeync ivyldc men lyiiynge in caiies ami dennes witlmut any certeyne 
 language And of dieyr nKiiiyliius fwiflnene a fiKile. 
 
 Of pytche of the rocke and Ihho kymles of trees : Ami of the Icafc of a 
 tree vfcil in the fleede of p.iper. Alio howe tli[clinhabilanles lliinke 
 that the Chriftians ^m\ make llmle leaues fpeake and difilofe all fecreates. 
 
 Of a (Irongc coluure made of the iufc of a ccileyn apple: And of the 
 hcrbc whofc fnioke is poyfoii. 
 
 The eoiitei.te< cf the. i.\. Ih'ckc. Fol. 136. [/. 175.] 
 
 Of the kyiidcs of flutes wlieiwith tli[elinhabitauntes of Hifp.iniola lyucil 
 fyifle, and 1 o've the y came to the kmiwclege of lucca. Alfo howe Ceres 
 lyiil found wlicate and barley in l".;,'ypte. 
 
 \VI y il eyr kinges are cauled by d>uei's names, and by what names they 
 f.diitc the kynge>. cliylilren when ihcy are liornc. 
 
 Howe they make iheyr tidaiiKnic , and howe certeyne of the kyiiges 
 wyues ami concubines are lutryed with them. 
 
 Of the variable motions of the elenicntes in llifpaniola: And where it 
 r.iyiieth out lyllle, .iiid where much. 
 
 Of the colonies and vyilages that the .Spanyardes h.aue biiylded in 
 llifpaniola: and of the other Hands about the fame 
 
 Of a fprynge which runnyng vnder the fca from Hifpani'tla, brcaketh 
 furlh in the Hand of Aielhufa: Alfo of habitable regions vnder tiic K'pii- 
 noctial, and of the ryche golde myncs of the Hande of <_"uba. 
 
 Of the gumme cauled ./</;«;. i .lllnim : And of the ('anibale[^]. Alfo 
 whereby it w.is thought that ihcie were llaiuks erf women. 
 
 Of hony founde in trees and rockcs : And of the generation of greatc 
 Tortoyfes and of tlieyr cgges. 
 
 C The contcntes of the. .v. booke. \\A. 140. f/^. 17S. ) 
 
 C Of the expedition ageynlle the kyn;;e of the Ilande I 'ilc^ in the foulh 
 fca: And howe .after foure conilicle^, hilniiytiynge liym fclfe, he gaue our 
 men a hundreth and ten poumic weyght of gicite pcarlci. Alfo howe 
 he agreed to pay yearely a hundreth poumic weyght of pcarles for a 
 tribute. 
 
 Howe axes and halcheltes are more efteeiued then golde, or perles: 
 And of gre.ate plentie of liartcs and cunnyes. Alfo howe the kyngc of 
 l>ites and his famelic weie baptifcd. 
 
 Of perles of great pryce : And howe Taule the byflhop of Konic bowght 
 a perle for four and forlie thoufand clucades. 
 
 Dyueis opinions of the generation of perles : \\v\ of a humlieth pearlcs 
 founde in one thel fyllhe. .\lfo iif the byrlh of pcarlcs. 
 
 Of the regions of the Italic fydc of the goulfe of Viab.c .Alio of the 
 original! of the I'anibales. 
 
 Of certeyne circunicife<l people which liauc llie knowledge of letters and 
 vfe biKikes: And what chaunced of the capitayiiei which I'etrus Aria* 
 fente furth dyuers wayes. .Mfo howe lohn Solyluis was llayne of the 
 Caiiibales, ami of iheyr liercenelTe. 
 
 Howe lohn I'onlius was niniUcI of the Caiiibales, and of the lewde 
 bchauoiir of lohn .\iora. 
 
 Of the vari.iblc f.irtune of (foiifalus Had.uociiis ; .And howe after lie 
 h.idde gathered grcate ryehes of golde, he had the oneithrowe, and wa.< 
 fl'oyled of all. (If the golden rcgimi of Coiba llites; .\iid liowetheyr 
 llaues are marked in the lace. 
 
 Of the Ilandes of the foutli lea: .\nd of the regions froiiie whcnfc the 
 Tortiigiiles fetche their Ipices. 
 
 Of a ftraunge kyiide of fo\\ lyn.;e : and of the tree-, that beare gourdes. 
 
 Of the later npinions as touchynge the fwyfie eourfe of the Ocean 
 towarde the welle : an<l of the continente or hiiiic landc. Alio ol the 
 vyage from the newe landes lo Spayne. 
 
 Of the golde niynes of I laricna : ami the iiianer of gatherynge of golde in 
 the fame: .\lfo of the dropfic oUoucloufncs which is not falidytd with rychcs. 
 
 « L'or the contcntes of the booke of the Hands hUcly fonnd rcade the margcnte 
 
 notes of tlie fame. 
 
 iTfiXfi^. 
 
398 
 
 [ The End of the Ofii^iiuil Edition^ 
 
 WW 
 
 C T H [i:] I X T !•: u v u v. t o \' k s !•: x c \' s !•:. 
 
 I liaiic not ill vvrytyngc I)yn very curious 
 To auoytlc tlic fcorncs of Rhinoceros noil-, 
 Or the fyled iudj^cnient of feuere Ariflarclms 
 Xi)t fearyn,;o tlicrcliy any tliynge to lofc, 
 Hut hauc tlii)u,L;ht it fulfu icnt to 1)C ojicn ami playno 
 Not lookyngc for otlur conunoditie or gayiiu 
 
 I am not eloiiucnt 1 knowc it ryijht well. 
 If I l)c not barbarous I dcfyrc r.o more, 
 1 haue not for euery woorde alked coiinfcll 
 Of c!oi|ucnt Mliot or fyr Tliomas Moore. 
 'I'.ike it therfore as I haue intended, 
 The f.iutes witli f.iuour may foone be amended. 
 
 The poet Homerc for all his eloiiuencc, 
 Lacked not /oilus to be his to[e] : 
 'N'iierfore 1 conclude this for a trewe fentence. 
 That no man lacketh fuo bargello : 
 I'or as no liealle lyueth witiiout woorme or tlye, 
 So no man lacketh his priuie enemie. 
 
 Runipatur Zoilus. 
 
 C Faults I'/ctifiil tn l/n- pijiityn^i^e. F. /,/(■ kafi: I.. ///<■ ////(•. R. t/ic hhki fxik of the laifc. 
 [T'licfc curicttioiis h.ivc all Lcin cnilioiliul in the Text] 
 
 C ^inpryntrti nt ILonDoii in ii^ntilro Cljiirrlj- 
 
 imiHc nt Kjc otgnr of tijc lipbU 
 
 Oy lilprlj.iiHc ttiji. 
 
 [Ill other ci)|iies.] 
 
 tMi'tic nt \\)t s'.Qiic of tijr 2$rU \s\) 
 liioOfiic Con. 
 
 Anno. Domini. M. D. LV, 
 
 lllJ 
 
 yX 
 
 \l 
 
 
 w 
 
Abaricn 
 
 Index. 
 
 Atiei 
 
 399 
 
 Ind 
 
 e X 
 
 of 
 
 Personal n^im^s, and names of places, cliiefly outside Europe. 
 
 •.• The Contents Pages at vii.-x, , 2, 45, and 39i-3c;8 have not heen indexeJ. 
 
 Alwrien island, 255 
 
 Alxlua river, 315 
 
 AlRiiamacliio, Kiii„', 119, 120, I2t 
 
 Aliilioilia, Kiiij;, 120, 121 
 
 Aliila inoimlayncs, 2j6 
 
 Ahraliaiii, 51, 52 
 
 Al)rail)a, 120, I2r 
 
 Aliraynii.' I'liiuiiico, 22'i 
 
 Almreina rive, IJ5, 152 
 
 Ac.ilnii, 34 
 
 Acalolia, 153 
 
 Acliaia, I7() 
 
 Achas lowii, 325 
 
 Ac! ■•nitniilcs, 11;, lei 
 
 Achilla - ^' 
 
 Achor, Vale (if, 50 
 
 A'-la villafje, 23 f 
 
 Ai-iiiia, Tile l.iieritalc, 272 
 
 Ailani, 229, 33<S, 340 
 
 Ailaiii.i, Cieiiieiit, xxxiiii., 289 
 
 Adda rivei, i(t^, 364 
 
 Aden, 13, 24, 267, 269 
 
 Allen, Kill); uf, 13 
 
 Adialiieniciis, Kinpeiur, 176 
 
 Adi|i,sun, 2H5 
 
 Adriane, l'<i|ie, 309 
 
 Adrialike sea, 133, 155, 31S 
 
 • I'.neas Silnius, S, 41, 50, 347 
 
 Africa, xii., \xi., xxix , >), 13, 3^, 
 52, 56, I2(>, 129, 1^1, 2i(>, jjc' 
 24.S, 250, 21,1, 20.>, 27 5, 2.S;, 
 295. z^S, 317, .?.?\ 54 >. 34t., 
 
 ,37 J. ,5S4. .iS5. .iS7. 
 
 Africa, (iiilf i)f, 270, 374. 
 
 Afrijken, xxxi. 
 
 Ajjalliyrsi. 91 
 
 AKeriiiannia, Unkcdome of, 313 
 
 Ajjisinilia, kii;i,)n ,if, 41 
 
 At;naiieo island, 135 
 
 At'iies, \inceiiiius, 105, 12.S, 12) 
 
 A)4rici>la, (ie.irKiiis, xji., xliv,, 7, \ 
 
 366 
 A;,'ri)i, . Cornelius, xliv. 
 A;,'iis, Anlipaler, 319 
 Aluimaila, I'eur .ie, 346 
 Aiauuilin river, 153 
 Ajora, <;onsaliis, iSl 
 Ahira, Jnhannes, 162, 181 j 
 
 Alaiiiiiio Anicmie, 1S7, iSS 
 Alaniiniis, 192, \>)^, 194, 1,15 
 Alba Kiissia, 291 j 
 
 All.erlus Majjnus, 7, 9, i,s, 41, ,^,4 
 Alcala, 63 I 
 
 I Alcantara, 165 
 
 j Alcaraz, Aiilnnie nf, 272 
 
 I Alcayr (C',i//-,»|, fiiy of, i ;, 14. (■ ;. 
 
 I '31. "53. '72, 1S6, 207,'jS5, 317, 
 
 .3'S-.'7-»,. 
 
 Alcazaiia, Smion of, 272 
 
 Alday, [anies, xix., xx, 
 
 Alexander, xxix , xxxiii., xliv., 5, 
 
 32. 50, 74, 129, 176, 201, 241, 
 
 24^,273,274, 2S5, 310, 3,- ,,- 
 
 iy)> 3'<5 
 Alexanilria, City fif, no, i;; m7 
 
 2'''7. 283. 35. 
 .Mexandryne, I'ltriarch of, wj. 
 Alfonsus dc I'oiiie, 11:7 
 Alia, 359, 3o,S 
 All.i(;o, xxviii. 
 .Mien, Uichard, \iii. 
 Alni.in/.or, 271, 272 
 Alin.iyne [(/V///;,i//rJ, Kmiieroiir of 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Alm.aynes, 50, 97, nO, 292, i-r.. 
 32S ' ' J ' 
 
 Alonso, 341 
 
 Alonso, ii,,n, 273, 3(1 
 
 AloiiMK, Tetriis, 36 
 
 Al|iha, roynl, 75] 76 
 
 Al|>liciis river, 134, 17^) 
 
 .M|ili(inMis, 40, 3S9 
 
 .\l|ilionsu<, IVtriis, 04, ')') 
 
 .\lvarado, IV-ter, 1S7 | 
 
 \lvoradn, .S|uiense, |i|2 
 
 Amacai/, City of, 37) 
 
 .\iiiaiaiina, ^'.\\\■ oi, ijj 
 
 .Vnialllieiini >ea, 289 
 
 .\ina.iiiei, Kejjion of, i.'ij 
 .\inaii. Lake of, 2,S4 
 .\Mia\oliii, 301 
 .Kiiilialao island, 26.1 
 AiiiIhih island, >i) > 
 .Vnierica, xi., xiii., xviii. 
 xxiii., XXV., xwi., xxviii 
 xxxii., xxxiv. , xl , 3 
 4i, 61, 20^, 243, 28 
 
 353. 371, .(85 
 .\inericiis, x\i. 
 .\ineri(;c) \'es|iiicci, xxv., 57, jS, 3), 
 
 '27. 134, 157. 275. 277. 279 
 .Vii.u-aona, fjvieen, ,S5, 17,1 
 Aiiaeaiiclioa, llenclii'us, 83, 84, Ss, 
 
 86, 176 •* ^' " 
 
 Anala, K\\\^, 1S2, iSj 
 Aiibon isl.ind, 3(1 
 
 X\!., 
 XXV , 
 
 •"<. 32. 35. 
 
 335. .(43. 
 
 I Ancisiis, loS, 10 ), 11,1, II ;, 1 14, 
 I Is. 116, IlS, n 1, ij ;, ij,, 
 125, 126, 137 
 .\iicyra, 31 1 
 
 And.diisia, xiii., 13:), 22,3, 225 
 . 339 
 .\i>dalnsia, Nona, 13) 
 Andreas, .Moralis, i^ ( 
 .\iidrcwe, I.awrenc-. vsvi. 
 .Vndionicus, xlviii. 
 .\nes, joliii, 377, 37S 
 AM:,'leria, 4 5, 6;, 03, |S ,, 2 .;. 
 
 240, 299 
 Ani;liieiM, xsxvii. 
 • \iinc/, N'incentiiis, ij ,, i.-S, i-) 
 
 '30 
 .\iiiiiiiici, Kej^i.n of, Kj^ 
 .Viitci, 2S5 
 .Viitcus, 14c) 
 .\iilhioclivcn, xxxi. 
 .\;itliiociis S 
 \nlllrn|,,,|,|,.lj;i, 23, 2.,, ^,_ (, 
 
 385 
 Anti(4lia islan.l, 38 
 Aniilia island, (lii 
 Antii|ua, M.iiid ..f, 177 
 Aiilonie, M.isier, 2SS 
 .\iiiony di Meiido/.i, 2S7 
 Aniincius, 191 
 Apiamis, 10 
 
 Ajiollo, 10, 102, 172. 2')'\, 2 yS 
 .\|iini, Kcj^iun of, ^::2 
 .\l„a, y>}, 
 
 .\priilunn, liisliop of, \oiy 
 .\'|uaiiil, Trovime of, 1S7 
 .X'l'iillaris, llieroiiiiniis, i.ji, 1 1; 
 Ariliia, xx.iii., xxxi., 8, 9, 13. 14, 
 io, 56, 129, 153, iv'i, 1(1., 1 8,1, 
 23^, 2S4, 28.;. 2,S6, i 1.1, 5X5 
 .\ral„.,, (;„lf,,f, 2S,, 2S(,, 3j;, 3,7 
 .\raliia. .s.-.i of, ; k; 
 .\ralio, KiS 
 
 Ara;;on, Kin^j of, xw. 51 
 Araj;onie, C.iidiii.il of," 64, 7;, 79, 
 
 82, 87, 9., <)4, 1,0, 103, 133 
 Ariinina, Kei;ion .if, n,i 
 .\r.iiiiliec, xiv. 
 .\rlio|aiilius, 141 
 .\rcliiiiiedes, \Kii., xlviii. 
 .\rciiiilioldiis, 127 
 .\idat;iii, l\in,;doin of, 31 ( 
 .\retliiisa, 13}, 17J 
 Arenalis, 8S 
 
 .\roiiado, 232 
 
 .Vr^ill.i, City of, 374 
 
 .\n.iiie, 245 
 
 .\rias, llcli/aliellia 1! udill.i, i 
 
 ■27. 
 ■5S, 
 198, 
 
 .Vrias, I'etriis, (11, 
 i '37. 142. iSli. 157, 
 I "'.>. '78, 179, 181, 
 ' 214 
 .^nmiiliii, Josepli of, 56 
 Arion, 171 ' 
 .Vristarelms. 39S 
 Aristocleoii, 41 
 
 .Vrisiotic, xliii., xliv., 9, 10, 
 143. r79, 27.8, 2')i, 313, 
 'iV)' 3»o. 3**" 
 .\rkcy, l.aiiienc, xii. 
 AriiicMCi, xx\. 
 Arnicnelen, xxxi. 
 .V.inenia, xxvii., xxviii,, \\v., \x 
 
 xvxiv., 17(1. 311, j,,, 52, 
 • Niinenicus, Kiiiiieroiir, I7{) 
 Ariiunnyten, xxxi. 
 Arnold, Iv., xvv., xxvi. 
 Arnlieiin, xxv. 
 .VrotlinLerijIi, 3'i8 
 .\rra, Casiic, 381 
 .\rsin.i, xxix. 
 
 •Vrsinee, City uf, 2S4, 285 
 .Vrlawisclia river, ^:^ 
 .\M.nvis.lie, },:!, 
 .Vrleinisia, 49, 12S 
 .Vriicetlo island, 2(i<5 
 .\iviiia I'ord, xxxix. 
 Asasi, \x. 
 .\scaniiis, 63, O4 
 .\saniiis .Sphorcia [i.f., Sfor 
 
 08, If 13, 127 
 Ascliini, Kij; r, xl. 
 A.c.m City, 37^ 
 .\si.a, the (ess, 7 
 As iph, 324. 325 
 \«>\n\^, 142 
 
 .\sselleil.., .Viilonic de, 272 
 .\ssyiyen, xxxi. 
 Asiesia, ((13 
 
 .\s|rac!ia'n, 318, 114.323. J2'i,32j 
 
 .Aslnr, O.ietensi-, 135 
 
 .\-liim, 54, iiij 
 
 Asycii, XXX. 
 
 Alalialilia, Kin.;, 341 
 
 .\tainea villai;e, 152 
 
 .\lli, xliii. 
 
 .\iiti, Reyio;! of, liv) 
 
 27 
 ' I'l. 
 I ) !, 
 
 f'5. 
 
400 
 
 Atlantike 
 
 Index. 
 
 Campechium 
 
 J: 
 
 V . 
 
 r, 203, 204, 21 
 
 Atlantike isbml, 129, 337. 33**. 34° 
 
 Atlas mountains, 129 
 
 Atlas, the gn-atLi, 3S5 
 
 Attalicira, 99 
 
 Attiliuni, Kcf^ion nf, 169 
 
 Attibunicus river, 73, lOS, 171 
 
 Altila, 326 
 
 Auanzo mountain":, 3(18 
 
 Augusta, Cily of, 2N0 
 
 Au(;ustinus ile Ccralta, 54 
 
 Auj^uslus, Kniperour, S, 2S3, 3o6,3r)9 
 
 Aiiila Alplions^o], 1S7, 192 
 
 Aiiis, 273 
 
 A ileta. King, 2S3 
 
 A urea Anus, },i},^ 324 
 
 Aurea (.'liersonesus, 32, 40, 75, 247, 
 
 3 '3.. 344 
 Ausonia, 167 
 
 Austria, Archduke of, 2S9 
 Auxen<lia, xxviii. 
 Auxcrre, xliv. 
 Ay Ay islamls, 69, 130 
 Ayijueroa, Kegion of, 109 
 Azanior, I'ily of, 374 
 Azania, KeL;ion of, 3S5 
 Azali, 374 
 A/eueilo, 274 
 Azgar, 374 
 Azion (iaiier, 7 
 Azores, Islands 
 
 339. 347. 34S 
 A/t»ius, 57 
 Azoum river, 314 
 Azuain vill.ijje, 176 
 Azzuei, Region of, 169 
 
 IlaLharco lake, 170 
 Malu'l, 'I'ower of, xxxii. 
 
 r.ahell, 21/) 
 
 Hal.ilon, 14, sr., 57, 63, 172. 1S7, 
 241, 2(')(). 2S4, JS5, 297, 3' 7, 315 
 
 I'l.il.iloii, S(ilLiiic of, 153, 172 
 
 r.aliilonii, Tlu', 3SS 
 
 liahilonyon, xxxii. 
 
 lineanor, 205 
 
 Uaceallaos, Land of, xix., 5>, idl, 
 1O2, 195. -24^. ^f^?. -iSS, 299, 344, 
 345. 347 
 
 Ti.icehian isl.iuil, 259, 2i«3 
 
 Itaceia, 120 
 
 li.iihau sea, 29I 
 
 liacon, Ijircl, xxii. 
 
 llaeon, Uoger, xliv., xlvii., xUiii. 
 
 Ilaclria, 308 
 
 lia<laiiK:in>, tlasper, 163 
 
 llaclaioi'iu^, (ion/.ilus. iSi, i,S2, 1S3 
 
 Ha'laioz, 272, 273 
 
 Itailajos, xiii. 
 
 IVifiiila, 2tii 
 
 Hagu.iniui.ilio. Kegion of, if.S 
 
 Itahal.oni. Iii(> 
 
 Ilahuan rivir, 172 
 
 Itaian, 171 
 
 Haia Naluiilatis, 129 
 
 Itainoa, lOS, kk). 170, 172, 173, 17(1 
 
 liaioliaigua, Ke^;ion of. 109 
 
 jl.ijaseUs, ( Pilonmnu^, 6, 311 
 
 Ilalassia, Ke^ion of, 2(14 
 
 r,all)oa, \ ascluis, 149, 102, 17S, 
 
 33S 
 ll.il.-,u.s i-laii'ls, 301 
 Itallai.l, W ilhani, xiii. 
 Dalllieiini sea, 299, 312, 33I 
 lialuaslro, 346 
 lian.la inland, 23 
 liaii.lan, xxix., 2(JO, 269 
 Ilanilei.ma, xxix. 
 Hangalla, King, 21 
 llangell;', ( ily of, 21 
 lta|>iisle, I'lisius, Ss. 1)9 
 iJaptisle, Master, xiiii. 
 
 Harack, .Soltan, 329 
 
 ISarlui island, 25!) 
 
 IJ.uliaregaf, (,'ily of, 374 
 
 ll.irliarossa, ICniperour, 347 
 
 itarhala island, 177 
 
 liarliary, xix., xx , xxviii., xxxviii., 
 
 237. 374. .iSo. 3S4 
 llarlies>a, .\doardo, 25S 
 liarelia, 374 
 iJarnarile of Mesa, 130 
 liarramedabas, S7 
 llanientos, 272 
 liarthema \i.c., \\til!u'nia\ I.u<li 
 
 vico, xlviii. 
 liarllioli.nieus Col. n;, is, 31, 82, 134, 
 
 l.S.i. "54. 3 JO 
 liarlhus castle, 331 
 liarutli, xii. 
 Ilasilides, 41 
 r.asilius, 2S9, 30S, 300, 311, 314, 
 
 3.'^ 3'7- 3"». 3-!'. 3^4.' 3^!^. 3-'9 
 lt,l^ilius, .Andreas, 310 
 
 r.asilius, Demetrius, 316 
 
 U.isilius, Cleorge. 310 
 
 r.asilius, John, 316, 319 
 
 Hasilius, Magnus. 290, 291 
 
 lia^ilius, ,'symeon, 31O 
 
 H.i^ing. xxxix. 
 
 lia^kird, 2113 
 
 liable, xxwii. 
 
 Ilastard, Count L. de, xliv. 
 
 i'.astarne, 31 1 
 
 liasiimenlo island, 235 
 
 H.ith, I-:ail of, xix. 
 
 I'.auruco, Region of, 1(')9 
 
 r.azanliuni, lan|ierours of, 314 | 
 
 lieaia port 107, 1 13, 177, 213 
 
 I.ealon, I'ardinal, xxxviii. 
 
 r.elieid, t'liaii. 329 ! 
 
 I'.eda island, 35 
 
 IJiil islanil, 374 
 
 r.elehia, 30()' | 
 
 llelozeria, 309 i 
 
 llenaia island, 2rio 
 
 I'.eneu island, 2i\o \ 
 
 llen^;ala. Province of, 261, 264, 2f7, 
 2(.S, 344 I 
 
 llenin, 270, 370 
 
 lieiagua. Region of, 107, loS, III, 
 112, 113. I II, I r5, \z%, 130, 132, 
 134, 135, I v. 140. t.io. >.';i.'53. 
 Ii4, 155. i()3, 105, 211, 214, 218, 
 .'lo, zy^. 234 
 
 llerenice, (.'ily of, 2S4 
 
 lleies river, 323 
 
 Herges, (ily o.. 331 
 
 lieringoeius, Vainnicius, xlvi. 
 
 I!ei-ina, 344 
 
 llernieio, .Sea of, 33S, 339, 346, 347 
 
 llerm ida island, 233 
 
 lierosns, xlviii., 340 
 
 I'.ervn, lohn. 3S3 
 
 llesci, h'el, 49 
 
 liesenuani, 'I he, 327 
 
 IJesson, xlvii. 
 
 Ilelaiuhor, (j5, Ifil'i 
 
 lielis river, 127, [ S7 
 
 lleucliius .\n.uaui hoa, King. Sj, S4, 
 S5, Sf), 170 
 
 Ile) rout, xii. 
 
 I'ezerra, I ranrisvus, lfi5, iSi, 183 
 
 Itian, Sancti, J.ihannis gulf, 194 
 
 lliddle, Mr, xv. 
 
 jlieloiifero, 32 1 
 
 Itiinini, 345 
 
 Ilinlhail<'l, 100 
 
 r.ion, 41 
 
 lliraen. 344 
 
 liiringmci.) Vaiin uei.', xxxv!', 353, 
 
 Sift 
 r.iioii, M.i.ier, xviii. 
 
 liiscainc, 274 
 
 liisinagar, (. ily of, 15 
 
 Ilisineglic, 277 
 
 Bithynia, 290, 31 1 
 
 liit.s.igitseh, xxviii. 
 
 Ilizantium, 307 
 
 Uizantium, i'.inperour of, 314 
 
 Itizorta port, 374 
 
 lilasius, 331 
 
 Ulemines, The, 3S5 
 
 lllesconia. City of, 2S9 
 
 Itlondus, 34S 
 
 lioadilla, tlovcrnour of, 105, 127 
 
 r.o.aililla, llelisalietha, IJ7 
 
 liodenhani, Roger, xviii. 
 
 Iioheine, King of, xx\., 312 
 
 liohol island, 256, 258 
 
 lioilus, 79 
 
 lioiuca island, 135 
 
 I'.oiuin. galti river, 109, 1 32 
 
 Holgaria, 309 
 
 liolschega mounlains, 323 
 
 liomliassa, xxviii. 
 
 Honaucntura, 105 
 
 lionauisla island, S7, 272 
 
 lionanuni, City of, 84 
 
 Bonefacc, 56 
 
 llonham, \V., xxxvii. 
 
 Hononiania, King, 145 
 
 Itoiionie, .\ristotles ol, 313 
 
 Uononie, (iaieatius liutrigarius uf, 
 
 106, 127, 283, 2S5 
 Horiostomea river, 98 
 
 lioriipiena i;,land, 45, 345, 346 
 
 liorislhene river, 2S9, 309, 31 1, 
 312, 314, 316, 319 
 
 ilo.nei islands, 22, 23 
 
 liosphorus. The, 59 
 
 lioua port, 374 
 
 l.ouhige, xlv. 
 
 Hourne, Mr H. R. fox, xvi. 
 
 liowyer. Sir William, xiii. 
 
 Itoyuca island, 345 
 
 Itraalin island, 26u 
 
 l.raliaiit, xliii, 
 
 r.rasil, XV., xvi., xvii., 250, 251, 
 253. 273. 285, 2S8, 375, 3S5, 
 3S6 
 
 lirewer. Rev. (. S., M..\., xiii. 
 
 liri.lger, Mr C'., xlviii. 
 
 I'roc.ird'is. xlvi. 
 
 I'.rooke, John, xviii. 
 I liryaces, 49 
 I Iluchebuea, King, 146 
 ■ Huchenia island, 30 
 ! ISuda, 326 
 ' Hudia island, 260 
 
 liudoinel, 3.S4 
 
 lluen .\l.rigo I'oiiil, 273 
 
 lluona \ isia, 272 
 
 llugia. Region of, 374 
 
 lluiaiei. Region of, 109 
 
 rullen, 9 
 
 lluona Speranza, 2fil, 2ri2, 338, 
 
 374. 3^*5 
 l!ur island, 344 
 
 I '.urges, lii^hoi'of, 126, 127, 134 
 IJmgonie, I >uke of, 208 
 lluricheiia island, 45, 70, 104, 130, 
 
 i.V). 173. "7" 
 I'lurleigh, I. old, xxxvii. 
 llnrnei island, 25S 
 llurney island, 272 
 lUirrough, Stephen, xxxviii, 
 lliiiu island, 2fKi 
 Uiulnian isl.ind, 255, 259 
 liiitl'.u.m, King, 255 
 lluller, John, xlv. 
 Hiilriearius tlahatius, icfi, 127, 
 
 283, 285 
 Ruts, .Sir Willi. on, \\.\\., xix. 
 
 Ilutts, Thomas, xviii., xix. 
 Ilyzantiuni, xi. 
 
 Cabcdus, Johannes, 130, 157 
 
 Cabot, l.oaisa, 274 
 
 Cabot, .Selmsiian, xiii., xv., xix., 
 xxxviii., xxxix, xl., xlvi., xlvii., 
 6, 55, 61, 161, 162, 195, 27-'. 
 274, 283, 288, 289, 299, 335, 
 
 343. 345. 34X. 3.1°. 3S6 
 Cabouerde [/.»'., Ca{ie-l'fiJe\, 74, 
 
 87. 37. '29. 134. 272, 277, 385 
 Cacaeubana, Region of, 109 
 Cacausii, Cily of, 24 
 (,'acedus, John, 19S 
 Caccicus, 72, 89, 128, 223 
 Caccicus Caunaboa," 72, 79, 80, 81, 
 
 Caciipie Chiman, 225 
 
 C.idanuislus, Aloisius, 1 27, 27ei, 2S0 
 
 Cades, 86 
 
 Cailisscn, 329 
 
 Cailona, 1 Hike of, 173 
 
 C.aghaian islam!, 258 
 
 Cahayini, Region of, 169 
 
 Cahini island, 108 
 
 Cahonas islaiul, il)6, 172 
 
 Caialii, I'rovince of, il)8, 172, 175, 
 
 176 
 (-'aiacoa, Province of, 168, 173 
 Caiguani inounlain, 171 
 Caigui, Cily of, 2f>, 171 
 CaihaU), I'rovinee of, 1O8, 169, 170 
 Cailon island, 344 
 (.aiouana, X'alley of, 1 70 
 Cairo, 374 
 Cairus, 307 
 Caizcimu, Province of, 16S, 1(^19, 
 
 '7°. 173 
 Cakc.ado, 38 1 
 
 Calaghan island, 255, 256, 259 
 Calanlan, 2fjo 
 
 Calaucra, liarnardino de, 108 
 Calcs, 86, 87, 93, 94, 97, i8i 
 Calcsc island, 2S6 
 C'aliciuni, 38 
 Calicut, 7, 8, 13, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 
 
 21, 24, 32, 39, 256, 201,' 21.;, 
 
 264, 2()5. 206, 267, 268, 2()9, j4.j, 
 
 374. 3f>- 
 Calicut, King of, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21 
 Calidonia, 143, 177 
 Caliz, 346, 347 
 Callientoii, xxix. 
 Calligula, 59 
 Caipe mountains, 2]6 
 Cals, (.8. 73 
 
 Cahiacani. Region of, i,S8, 1S9 
 Cahinezfelio, Rigioii of, 322 
 j Calzadill.i, 341 
 I I'ain.iie, Region of, 169 
 ! Caiiiliaia, 8, 13, 14, 20, 261, 267, 
 
 26v 
 
 Canibaia, King of, 40 
 I Cambahi |/.i-., l\kiii\, Cily of, 24, 
 j 25. 2S7, 307, 320 
 
 Canibie, 259 
 
 Cameinorus, Region of, 183 
 
 I .linen niounlaiiis, 323 
 
 l amen P.olschoi mountains, 322, 
 
 323 
 Camenrkh, 322 
 Cameni, 323 
 Camenipoias mountains, 323 
 
 Camigna, Don t'hristoiiher of, 
 Canioniorus, Region of, 98 
 
 "3' 
 
 . "32 
 
 C amoteia island, 166 
 I'ainpna, Region ol, 260 
 Campbell, Di .M. V, A. C, xxv., 
 xxvi. 
 , Campechium, Province of, 18;, 1S8 
 
wmmmimm 
 
 Campegius 
 
 Index. 
 
 Corus 
 
 401 
 
 raiii|iff;his, r;iriliiial, 310 
 ('niu|>lon, (laspir, wii., xviii, 
 Ciimil, rriiviiicc nf, 27 
 Canalioc >a, Uigion iif, ifiy, 172 
 Canada, 2tS7 
 
 Canary i^lamls, xiii., xxviii., 2S, 
 .50, ,j2, 36, 3S, 40, 41, 65, (.0, 
 OS, 87. c)7, 150, 157, l&r., 177, 
 iSi, 199, 210, 245, 250, 277, 
 
 3W. 374. 375. i^, l^') 
 
 Cananor, xxviii. 
 
 Cananiir, Kinj; nf, 1$ 
 
 Canccll, Luys, 346 
 
 Canctiii'lans, Tlic, 'li 
 
 Caniliii-tts, Kij^iun nf, 36, 95 
 
 Cani', 271 
 
 Caiij;lm islanil. 256 
 
 Call-in, I'iiy "f, 24 
 
 Canibals, Is'l amis iif the, 30, 66, 68, 
 7S, 160, 102, 177, iSo 
 
 Caiiiinlistiila islaml, 1 !<; 
 
 Canci, 272 
 
 (.'aniinor, Kinydcmi of, 14, 15, 20, 
 
 261, 268 
 Cantlian, City of, 260 
 Capu lllaiikf, 3S0 
 Cape liona Spcraiua, 129, 279, 2S5, 
 
 286, 34S, 350 
 Cape Hiel<)i\, xiv. , xviii. 
 Cape Calti';-.;,.. ^53 
 Ca|>e Ciirea, 3K2 
 Cape lie lias, xiv. 
 Cape <le r.iiotia Speran/.o, 374 
 CajK' cle M.mte, 3S1 
 Cape (le las I'aliuas, 3S1, 382 
 Caj'e (le tres I'untas, j8l 
 Cai>e lie Sper, xiv. 
 CapeTrep .,nles, 3S1, 382, 3S3 
 Cape of (ioi.il llupe, 129, 385 
 Capelan, City i.l, 21, 344 
 lapli;i, 324 
 Caplii island, 260 
 Capira, l\e(;iiiM nf, 234 
 ("a|ilinj;, William, xii. 
 Capii 1 lesideialii, 252 
 Capo Wrde l-laiids, 32. \s, 36, 65, 
 74, 87, 129. 203, 204, 250, 261, 
 262, 272, 273," 274. 277, 2S0, 
 
 S.V'^. 373. 3>'-'. 3S5. 3S7 
 Capnimis, S6, yi, 92 
 Capurar, 265 
 
 Caput Hone Speranlia-, 129, 3S5 
 Caput Saneli .\uj^ustini, 129, 1 J4, 
 
 181, 1S3 
 Caput Veride islanils, 32, 35, 36, 
 
 74, 87, 129, 385 
 Carai-aracolis, it« 
 Carainairi, Ue^;inn (if, 106, 107, 
 
 KXj, 134, 144, 157, 1 58, 150, 
 
 l(K>, 162 
 Caranialexins, Kinp, 171 
 Caraiidra, (;uir(.f, 285 
 Car.ii|ueira island, 177 
 Canliaui, I'ldvimedf, 26 
 Cardano, (iiit'lauii., xxx^iii., 158, 
 
 1111,207, 217, 250, 2>>i, 307 
 (arenas, |()l, 
 Careta, loS, 115, 116, I17, 121, 
 
 137, 164, 182 
 Caria, Kinj; (if, 40, 12S 
 Caria, IJueeii df, 49, 12S 
 Cariai, Kejjidii of, 151, 152. 156 
 Cariliana, 107, 119, iSo, 183 
 Carilxlis, 304 
 C"arilies islands, 68 
 Carles, Captain, xlviii. 
 Carnica, 314, 368 
 ('aronioratn, 25 
 Carter, Master, xviii. 
 CarlliaKC, 176, 340, 374 
 Cartilage, llanniliall nf, 139 
 
 308. 
 
 Carthagena, 134, 157, 160, 214 
 
 215,226 
 Carlliajjinis I'ciiliis, kjO 
 <'arlliat;(i, KiO. 1117, Iu8, icxj, 113, 
 
 134, 157, 162, i(i5 
 Caitiir, jaipies, 2S7, 345 
 Carucueria, 69, 157, 159 
 I'asa l''ranci->us, xlvii. 
 Casan.Kinj,' nf, 3211, 328 
 Caspia, 8, 169, 170, 173 
 Caspian sea, 170, 287, 291. 
 
 3"). 3". 314. 3^'. 3-:''. 
 
 34f' 
 Cassam, Cilyof. 2(11,311, 314, 31'J 
 
 32.S. 321'. 327. 3-!f<. 3^y 
 
 Ca^siina ri\er, 323 
 
 ( 'assius iniiuntain, 285 
 
 Casl.a;jliuiie, I'altassar, 9 
 
 Castaneda, 272 
 
 Caslella, .Viircn, 130 
 
 Castella de Mina. 382 
 
 Castella Veins, 68 
 
 Castile, King of, xxx., 37, 20I, 203, 
 
 340 
 Castile, (,)uecn of, 201 
 Castile. Isaliel of, 273. 274, 341 
 Castile, l-'eidinando of, 51, 52, 65, 
 
 73, 127, 131, 201, 208, 20<|. 21 i, 
 22(J, 236. 273, 341, 342, 343, 
 
 345 
 
 Casllen, Kdward, xli. 
 
 Castor, 250 
 
 C.astoreum sea, 303 
 
 Castroinow, 331 
 
 (.'atalonia, 173 
 
 Catarapa, 237 
 
 Catena Mundi mountains, 2S6, 324 
 
 Cathay [/.<■., (V//;;,/|, xiii., xxxviii., 
 xxxix., xl., xli., 8, 22, 24, 25, 26, 
 511, (,18, 261, 2S3, 284, 285, 28(1, 
 2S7, 2S8, 2S9, 2()0, 2(|l, 2'I2, 
 29 ?, 294. 3"8, 3 It), 312. 
 321, ill, 324, 325, 326, 
 328, x,i^). 330. 331, m, 
 
 344. 345. }f'}< 
 
 Cathay Cham (/.<■., Kliar\. of, 
 21, 24, 25, 2t), 27, 60, 286, 
 2.S(X 322, 324,326, \ii), 330 
 
 Cathay, Kinperour of, 25, (10 
 
 Catij;han isl.ind, 25(1 
 
 ( allierine, <Juiin, 51, 71, 274 
 
 Catherine, .Saint, 84 
 
 i"ato, 122 
 
 I 'allij;ara, 262 
 
 Catlinara, Cape, 253 
 
 t'are.i>.iis mountain^, 18 
 
 Cauchieta, 95, i)S 
 
 CatinalH).i, Cacicus, 72, 7(_), So, Si 
 
 S5 
 ( aun.ina, 99 
 Caunoa, Keyion of, 169 
 I '.iiila, 9() 
 
 I'aulan, City of, 3.(4 
 ( aya river, 272, 273, 274 
 Caya liridt;e, 273, 274 
 I'ayrusl/.c, ('./»,i|, ( ily of, 14, |S( 
 Ca/aeuhuiia mountains, 172 
 t'a/ilia\a^u.i, ^Y) 
 Cecil, Sir W., xxii., xx\ 
 Cedcn, xxx. 
 Ceilam island. 344 
 Celaruri island, 2()0 
 I'eler, (Juintus .Metellus, 347 
 ( emaceus, Kin^, I to, 119, 
 
 122, l(>S 
 Ceniolial, 1 96 
 Ceiiali) island, 255. 
 Cenej;ales, 155 
 Central .\ineriea, xi. 
 Centuri.ne, I'aulo, 2S7, 308, \f*), 
 
 3'^ 
 
 2 Ci 
 
 327. 
 339. 
 
 x> i., 
 2S7, 
 
 xliii. 
 
 121, 
 
 I Ceraliaro, Ke(,'ion of, 112, 135,152, 
 i 154, 155, I,!), 163, 182 
 Cerall.i (;.,•., /.aniU,-\ .\ut;ustimis 
 
 '1^-. 5t 
 I ( erda, 341 
 j Ceres, 175 
 
 l'erni(;onia, 309 
 
 t Vsar, 5(), 305 
 
 ( esarieiisis, 374 
 
 Cliahol, ( ■., xiv. 
 
 Cliaeouam island, 260 
 
 Chaijre river, 234, 235 
 
 ( ham, 346 
 
 I hainailalia, ■'■■ne-, 129 
 
 Chan (_uMai, 330 
 
 Charles \'., xiii., xiv. 
 
 Claries, Kiiifj. (13 
 j Ch.irles l.\.. xiv., xlvii. 
 I Charylidis, 163, T,io 
 j Chaueer, xxxvii. 
 
 I Chaiineeler, Kiehard. xvii., \\x\iii., 
 ' xwix., xl., 5(>, 2S5, 289, 326, 
 y-,i< 3S6 
 
 Cliedsey, Dr, xxsix. 
 
 Cluke, .Sir John, xliii., xliv. 
 
 Clierej4at;is, r'raiu'is, 191, y*) 
 
 Chethai lake, 287 
 
 Clieru, Kinj,'. 1,82 
 
 Chiaeones, Kinj;, 128 
 
 ('hi.ipes, Kin^', 13(1, 140, 141, 142, 
 
 , '43. 145. I7J> 
 Chiauaeeha, Prince, 129 
 Cliiman, Caci(pie, 225 
 China, 20, 260, 261, 267, 269, 272, 
 
 339, .W4. .347 
 China, t iulf of, 2(Jo 
 Chion^us, Kill},', 146 
 Cliiouia mountain, 319 
 Chir.ira, 152 
 Cliippit island, 25S 
 Chila/a, 152 
 t'horo),'oski Xii,/, 322 
 C'hriso^tomus, 2t/j, 2(>| 
 Chrisiieriius, 304, 3(j(> 
 Clirisidphnri .Saneli, 105 
 t'iamha, 130, 150 
 Ci liana, Ke^;ion of, 73, 74. 79. .So, 
 
 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 105, 1(-S, 171, 
 
 172 
 Ciecro, Mareus Tullus, xliv., .pi, 
 
 132, 283, 284 
 Cielopes, 154 
 Cieylian, Ixiiii,', xxx. 
 t.'i^;iiaios, 86, 91 
 I'ijjuana, 91 
 
 Cilapulapu, I'rince, 285 
 Cilieia, 7, 8 
 
 (iinliiica Chersonesus, 311, 31) 
 ( imiiidon, Kin^, 258 
 I'inchilal, 27 
 Cinjj.iporia, 260 
 l'iii).;ulus .Mundi nmunlain, 324 
 Cini.in.i, l\e;;ion of, 36 
 (-'ipaiifja, ki'Ljion of, 73, 80, 81, S2, 
 
 "f'7. 25.i. 3.!'l. .i4". "343 
 t ilrachan. Ju8, 314 
 Ciiiola, 287" 
 
 Claudius, 54 I 
 
 Clement \ I., I'ope, 
 
 Ml 
 
 Cleodii, Tin;. 3S5 
 Cleopatra, 14 1. 142. 166. 
 Cleopalrida. t ily of, 2.84 
 Clesma river, 314 
 Cloelia. 71 
 
 Cochin, Kill); of, xxix, 
 Ciicliinu^, 1S3 
 Coekerani, Martin, xx'ii. 
 Colli HO island, 100, 215 
 Coi Cathay island, 34J 
 Coilia llilcs, 182 
 
 30'"^. 3"'>. 
 2S3 3'5 
 
 H7. 
 
 262, 
 
 >'I5. 
 11. 1, 
 
 Ciiil..i, Gulfuf, >oS, 115, 116, 164, 
 1 82 
 
 Coiha, Kin}; of. toS. 1 15. 1 16. 
 
 121, 137, 164. 1^2 
 Colchis, Ke.;.oii ol, 51, 1^5, 
 
 3'o 
 Cole, .Mister, xix. 
 Coleii, xxix. 
 Ci>li(;ny, .\dinii.il. xiv. 
 Collao, (.ily (if. 343 
 Colloeulea, Ke};ion of. 1S3 
 Colluacana inland, iSi;, Kit, 
 
 196 
 Colmenaris, Uodcricus. 113, 
 
 IIS. il6, I ■(J, 120, 122,123, IJii, 
 
 '57. I S3 
 ('olmi.};.ira, U-jjion of, 291. 203. 312 
 C(iliiio};or, City of, 2.S(., 322. 
 Colnium, City of, 2'/J 
 Colo};na. 291 
 
 Colonia A};rippina. Cily of. 2S9 
 ( oluni. xxix 
 
 I olumhus (or Colonus), liartliolo. 
 ^ mens, 31, 82, 134. 133. I5.t. 340 
 Culumlius (or Colonus). ( hrisio- 
 
 phoriis, 28, 29, 35, 3S, 41, 05.66, 
 67. (K). 7(), ,So, 87, 94, ip. 98, (i(), 
 
 103. 105, 106, 10.S, III, 112. 113, 
 
 115, lis. 127, 128. I2(), 132, 134, 
 
 '3.V '.S'l. 15'. '53. '54. '55. '57. 
 
 103, 177, 184, 191, 192, 21)2, 20(J, 
 
 236, 272, 288, 337, 331;, 340, 341, 
 
 . 342. .U'i 
 
 Columlius (or Colonus), I iie};us, 
 115, llS, 122, 127. 177, 1.84,240 
 
 Columlius (or Colonus), I'emando, 
 272 
 
 Klni;, 123, 124, 125 
 
 Cohmin.i, 313 
 
 (.'(imineiidaior, 
 
 Comi, 1 87 
 
 Conio};ra, 116, 162, 179 
 
 Comognis, Kill};, 110, 117, llS, 
 
 120, 122, 137, 140, 147, I (S, 1112 
 Comniohw, I'liiperour, 284 
 Comoiayxa, 172 
 Composlele, I(X) 
 Conceplion, Tower of, 80, 82, 84, 
 
 80, 92, 93. 1 05. 130 
 Conde, I'tince de, xliv., xiv, 
 Coiidiuia, 310 
 Coni};an};ui, 26 
 ( onnulalia, ( ity if, 260 
 Constanlina, 374 
 Conslanline, 2")o, 316 
 Constantinople, Ili^hopof, xxxi. 
 Constantinople, l-lnipcn.ur of, 316 
 C lanlino|ile, I'alriaiche ..f, xxx., 
 
 2'jo, 
 
 20 
 
 Conte Uiuiondo, 270 
 
 Cooper, xxxvii. 
 
 Coperdalia, 305 
 
 (opio, 2S4 
 
 Cinptera, Kinj;, 140 
 
 Cor.ila. 271 
 
 ( or.ilcs, 180 
 
 ( oidulia, 162, iSi, |S(i, 192 
 
 Corea, 3S2 
 
 ( orelia. 292. 321 
 
 ('orichoUiin, 102 
 
 ( orimucol, 20 
 
 Corinthus, (ily of, So, ioo_ 
 
 Coro inland, 215 
 
 Coron.ido, 287 
 
 Coronali, 238 
 
 Cortes, xiii., xl., xiv., xlvi., 274 
 
 t 'orlesreales, (Li^per, 3.^.; 
 
 Cortesreales i^I.uid^, 34.^ 
 
 Lorlesius I'ern.iiido, Kjl, ii)2, I95, 
 
 ||>S, 238, 342 
 Corsali, .Andreas de, 275, 279 
 Corus, 3S2 
 
402 
 
 Corytho 
 
 Index, 
 
 Frobisher 
 
 ¥m 
 
 hi, ijf., 134, 
 
 .i-\5 
 
 
 C'i)rytlio, 166 
 
 Ci)S«tt, Joluinms I )l' 
 
 «56 
 Ciissn, 107 
 Cdssin river, 
 
 t'lit.llll, 2(1 
 
 ('(itorli.is, Kinp, 146. 
 
 CiPlolii, 172, 17J 
 
 Ciiliiy, l(M) 
 
 C(i?uinrlla ishiiil, 40, 1,^7, iSS, 
 
 191, H)2, I(I3 
 ('ii/miKllaiis, Kinj,', 1S8 
 C'r.icimin, 314 
 Crayfiiril, 7 
 Crel.i, i()6, 172, 
 Cri'lciiMS, xhiii 
 Crcsiis, 42, 140 
 Crokc, 3S1 
 C'rysliiilc, wxiv. 
 ItiailaKliilur, 210. 
 (.'iilu I'-biiil, (), 31, 40, C/i, 73, 
 
 75. 7<'. 77. 79. 'XI, in4. '"5. 
 125, r2S, 130, 150, I vt, Kii. 
 
 i"7, 17.1, 17''. •77- '•''4- "S". 
 
 I So, i<)", I'l, 192, 
 
 210, 231, 2!;. 239, 
 
 3;v'», 341. 34" 
 {'iil.a, tiiivciiuiiir c.f, 
 (■ul..T(;ua M.iml, 213, 
 {'iihaiia, 169 
 t'iilii(;ar rivLT, 153 
 Ciu-liil.aihnn, Kfj;i.'n 
 
 I I 3, I 2S, I 34 
 
 ('nulla lie .'^<.'i;iivia, xv. 
 
 Ciuiia, 219, 237 
 
 C'iij;uil.ncoa, 1O5 
 
 Ciij^nri-.t, 340 
 
 ('uh.ilio, KiS, lt'9 
 
 I'liiri/a, 146 
 
 liililia>, 141 
 
 I'ulata ii.iint, no, I2I, 122 
 
 C'uiiiaiia, So, 94, 96, 9S, 12S, 
 
 105, 213, 214 
 Cupiilnn Kiiij;, 1S7 
 Ciiriaiia, S9, 94. 95. 9(J, 9S, i: 
 l'ur-.ius (Juiiiliis, 241 
 Curiana, 3(1, 95 
 Ciili river, 220 
 ( ii/il.ii i>lanil, 2J 
 ( yl.ah.i, 1(>9 
 ( yrciiaua, 374 
 I'yrrlia, KK) 
 I'/ar Kyili,ii>ki, 324 
 C/ilnia river, 322 
 CVirclii. river, 322 
 l>rireiiii»sa, 293 
 
 1S9, 
 
 103, 105, 
 
 24l.2(.2, 
 
 191 
 214 
 
 74. 
 
 K'3. 
 
 INS, 
 l'*S, 
 2':'.'. 
 
 f, (,8, loS, 
 
 IS*"'. 
 
 8 
 
 liat.aili.a, KiiiR, 
 
 no, 121, 122 
 
 '"'3 
 
 Daliaiha river, 132, 155, 1S3, 199 
 Daliiai^u., lOg 
 l)acifu^. 76 
 Daliali.ih, 109 
 
 I >alial».nni, Ke(;ion cif, 169 
 Dahaliii, lOS 
 l>aia(;uo iiKimUalns, 173 
 Dai^iiani nuniiilnins, 171 
 Dalekarle river, 305 
 lialion, 41 
 
 Dalinaeyeii Kiiij;, xxx. 
 Daliiiaiia, 2<p, 31.4 
 Dama-eus, 56, 31 1 
 I>aniiaii, 310 
 liarniaiui.s a (Inci, 5'. S'^ 
 I Miiiiaia, Cily uf, 2S4 
 I aiiailiin river, 323 
 Iianowe river, 131 
 1 laiiau", xlvui. 
 Daneo purl, 2S4 
 It.irilanus, lOO 
 
 Daricna, 114, 1 1 <;, lifi, iiS, 119, 
 121, 123, I2i, 12(1, I ;o, 131, 134, 
 135. '.!<'. '.57. '43. 145. '4S. 1 4' I. 
 '.V>. '57. 'SS, 1I12, 1(13, 1(14, 11.5, 
 17S, 179, iSo, 1S2, 1S3. 1S4, 1S5, 
 iSfi, 192, |iiS, 11)0, 207, 21S, 220, 
 22(1, 23(1, 23S, 2(12 
 Darieii river, 1 10, i 52, 191 
 Ilarius, Kinj;, 51^, 2S4 
 l>ariiasseri, 20 
 llarllinuiutli, 379 
 I'aiilieiiy, ( lliver, xviii. 
 llaiml, xlvii., 51, 349, 3S5 
 Ilauiil, Master, 330 
 Daiisian, 344 
 Ilavis, xlvi. 
 Ueiaii, 264 
 Uetlian, 14 
 Deilalu^, 55 
 
 lleerfei.rlli, rornetiim, xvxviii. 
 I >e las I'eilas i^laii.l. 54 
 De la Sal isl.in.l, 272 
 He la I 'lure islan.l, 3S2 
 I'elaj^arl.is river, 132 
 Del ipiunle, I'raiii i^eiis, 1S3 
 
 1 >eli nioitnlaiits, 26S 
 
 lie li.s A/iires, 203, 204, 339 
 
 Helpliis, 2(|(), 29S 
 
 I>i'iiialuts riviT, 16S 
 
 Deiiielrii.vve, ( ity uf, 321 
 
 Deiiielriiis, 50, 292, 3uS, 309, 310, 
 311, 3'3."3-!5. 32'». M\ 
 
 I)em.'^;.lr^'|lll, xlvi., 161 
 
 lienham, I leiiry, xiii 
 
 I'enniark, Kint; iif, xxx., 2(J9, 304, 
 3o,S, 3o<), 310, 331, 332 
 
 Oeplfuril, xxxviii. 
 
 Deslionli, John i.f, xxv., xxvi. 
 
 lU'si.lerala islaml, 177, 210 
 
 Pesiileraliis, I'mius, i8,S, 
 
 Peslani i>lan.l, 192 
 
 Dessei.sa, I'rancis, 377 
 
 He/a, 130 
 
 I lin);ui., Ke^;:cin of, \(^i) 
 
 Ilia/, joliaiinas, 101;, i ;5, 105 
 
 Di.lacus. 75, 77, 7S, 79' 
 
 lliilo, 1(1(1 
 
 liirpi, lleiirii|iies, 37S 
 
 l)ie(^o, Niiiu '^a. n:(i, 107, loS, 100, 
 I I I, 112, 113, 114, 115, I Id, 120, 
 
 .'2S,i35,i37,i45,i5o,i'5i, 153,150 
 
 |)ief;iian sea, 2(1(1 
 
 I liei;ns M.irijues, i 57 
 
 DietJUS Memle/, \^\ 
 
 I iiej;us ( inlas^ns, 192 
 
 I lii^;iis \'alas'|nen, |S() 
 
 Dikilappones, l<ei;iiiii of, 331 
 
 Dii.ilorns, xlviii., 351 
 
 1 lioilorus .S'/V;//;<.v, 55, 3dg 
 
 lilies, ld5, 17.S, i.SJ 
 
 I liiini, ( ily ol, 13 
 
 Ihiesliorch ('/■ I loesljiir^, xxv. 
 
 1 >neslnnt;h, Jati \'an, xxv., xxvi. 
 
 Dolaleianiis, 10 
 
 Doiniiiiea islaml, 30, 6S, 70, 105, 
 130, 150, 157, 163, 174, 210 
 I Doniinikes, 'lower, Seynt, S2, S4 
 i I loiiiilian, 2,^4 
 ! Doll .MoHM., 341 
 j Dun l''.nii<|ne, 341 
 ; Don, John Captain, 3S2 
 
 Don, John, of .Austiia, xii. 
 
 Don I. ewes, 37S 
 ' Don laiys, 341 
 
 Don I'asrval ile (!ay.inj;os, xiv. 
 : Don riiylippe, 346' 
 I Dimco, 324, 325 
 
 Donet/. Scvveislii, 325 
 
 Doria, Jnanette, xvii, 
 
 Diiria, I'eilio, xvii. 
 I Dorpe, Koelaml vander, xxv., xxvi. 
 
 Doner, 371) 
 
 Drajjonis. ( )s, SS, 95 i/i, 9S, 108 
 
 Draiuis river, 31S 
 
 Draiier, Master, wiii. 
 
 Dromon, .\ehiHis, 310 
 
 DronI, 331 
 
 Dryailes, S3, 101 
 
 Duas .\rl.ores, 170 
 
 Diilina Kiver, 321 
 
 Duihala. 374 
 
 Dnilley, John, xxxix. 
 
 Dinia kiver, 312 
 
 Ihineiiliiir);, 312 
 
 Duralia, 135, 153 
 
 Diir.in, Thonias, 272 
 
 Durrilia, 153 
 
 Dyonisius, Kinf;, xliv. 
 
 Kast Inilia, xii, 8, 9. 32, 79. in?. 
 l.Vi. 2.U. 235.247. 262, 279, 2S3, 
 2S5. 3.W. S\\ 
 KasI liulian Sea, 8 
 Kasic Sea, 8, 9, 24, ifil 
 I'.liro river, 36) 
 Khelere. 153 
 Keeainpi islaml, l,S6 
 Kilel river, 292. 314 
 I'.deii, Allian, xlviii. 
 Kilen, Kii'hanl, xii., xiii., xiv., xv., 
 XX., xxii., xxxvii., xxxviii., xxxix., 
 xl., xii., xiii., xliii., xliv., xiv., 
 xlvi., xlvii., xlviii., I, 3, 6, 7, 13, 
 43, 4'>, 270 
 Kdwanl VI., xii, xix, xxxviii, I, 3^3 
 K^ypl, xi., x\x., xlviii., S, 41, 51, 
 75, no, 131, 132, 141, 15!, \\\, 
 172, 175, 103, 217, 2.S3, 2S4, 293, 
 29'>. ,?o7, 3(>S. 315, 351, 3(19, 374 
 Kj;ypl, Kill},' of, 2S4 
 Kuypi, Tyramiiles of, 49 
 Kgypl, Soltaneof, 311, 369 
 Kpi'ian sea, 109 
 Kla.'a. 1, 374 
 I'.llies, 272 
 I-.leau/, 374 
 Killer. John, xxxix. 
 IClj;a/aet. Uef^imi ol', 374 
 Klias, xlvii. 
 I'.liilc, City of, 17ft 
 I'.liol, 39S 
 
 I'.liot, lliiL;h, xvi , xxi. 
 I'.liol, MaMer. xiv, 
 Mis, City of, 134 
 
 Kli/alielli, (Jiiei'ii, xii., xvii., xl.. 
 xliv , xiv., xlvi., 05, 201, 209, 2S.S, 
 .142 
 I'.lzilia, 8 
 Kniannel, Kinj;, xxiii., xxvi., xxvii., 
 
 .17. .!'». -V 
 laiiliitjar, 153 
 l'!neas, 135, 106 
 I'.nnlanil, Ixinj; of, xxx., xxxvi. 
 ICnuronl.imle, Kenioii of, 312, 324, 
 
 .!J2 
 1- iiinf;ia, 2(>S, 306 
 I'lphesyn, xxxi. 
 I'^iilei^iiaiiila, inj 
 Krancani|iii, 344 
 Krasnuis, 57, 5S 
 Kralosthenes, 41, 349 
 Kriilanns, 133 
 Krrili, 374 
 
 Krylhra, Kiii^;, xlviii, 
 Ksaras, 49 
 
 Kson, Coleliis of, 135 
 Ksope, 377 
 i:si|iienna, 230, 234 
 llslreinailiira, 274 
 Kthiopia, XXX., 8, 13, 14, 39,41, 51, 
 
 SS, 132, 139, 1(19', 175. 24S, 2"sO, 
 
 2S4. 3J'.'. .15'. 3'".'. 374. 3S4. j.SS 
 
 Klhiopia, Kinj; of, 374 
 
 Kiianjjelisia islaml, 77 
 
 Kuile islaml, 260 
 
 Ku.liixns, 2S6, 346 
 
 Isne, 229, 338 
 
 I'liertjeles, 'romolens, 346 
 
 I'an;eniiis, Pope, 21JO 
 
 Kuphrales river, 41, 51, 30S 
 
 l'airii|uc, Hon, 341 
 
 Knripiis sea, 304 
 
 Kilseliius, xlviii. 
 
 Knxinus sea, 155, 292, 29S, 310, 
 
 3'4 
 I'.xer, 266 
 V.imh, 374 
 
 Kalicr, J.acolius, 246 
 
 I'alur, John, 2S9 
 
 Kaiies, Coinliiisia Kin^;, 135 
 
 h'aial islaml, 347 
 
 I'aio, Snail ol, 208 
 
 I'arlalio, xlvi. 
 
 l''aulio,iru, xiv. 
 
 I'eiiiinie the (oeal, xxxiii 
 
 I'erilinanilo I'ortese, 23S, 342 
 
 I'erilinanilo ile Solo, 34(1 
 
 rernanilina islands, 180, 1S7, 190, 
 
 '9', ")5 
 
 Kernando de Voga, 96 
 
 I'eriiandes Kranciens, 1S6, 1S7, 102 
 
 I'ernamlns, (ion/.dns, 50, 15S, lOO, 
 1S4, 185. 2117, 20S, 24.1 
 
 Kernelius, Johannes, xlvii. 
 
 I'erraria, xlvi. 
 
 I'errea islaml, fi5, fifi, 6S, 157, iSl 
 
 r'errieres, l-'raneois de, xliv, 
 
 I'errieres, Je.in de, xliv. 
 
 I'erruiii island, 41 
 
 I'vs, 374 
 
 I' essa, t ity uf, 374 
 
 I'eli. 180 
 
 I'iiiiins, .Marrillns, xiii., 338 
 
 I'in, Jean de la, xiv. 
 
 linl.and, 229, 306, 312, 319 
 
 l-'iiil.ippia, 330 
 
 I'ininarehia, S, 347 
 
 I'iorananti, Leonardo, xlviii. 
 
 M.adinier, Cily of, 2S9 
 
 hlaiiiiis, 34S 
 
 1- launders, I'.arl of, 20S 
 
 Kleleher John, xiv. 
 
 Kloriila, 32, 55, 191, 2SS, 342, 345, 
 346 
 i I' loures (/.<•., /.yiicci] island, 214 
 
 I'hniieii .\nia/oniim, 160 
 I I'hiiiieii, S. Johannis, 155 
 
 I'oHeda, .\l|p|ionsns, 106, 107, 10.S, 
 100, I in, n I, 113, 1 14, 115, 12!, 
 
 I 12(1, I2S, 13.1, 145, 105, I So, I S3 
 
 i l''onsi'ea, Johannes, ijo 
 I-'orresI, ( ;eort;e, xvii. 
 lorlis islan.l, 107, loS, iih), 134, i()2 
 I'orlisneiiluia, xx., (J5, 157, 3.S0 
 I'orUmale islands, 2.S, 37, 40, 10(), 
 
 374 
 I'oinin Julii, 318 
 I'oxe, John, xxxix. 
 I'raela lanrea island, 41 
 I'raiiee, Kinj; of, xxx., xxxii., xxxvi. 
 I'rance, I.ieutenaunl uf, J47 
 I'rancis, .St., 130 
 Kr.-incisco, 37C 
 Krancisco ilc Si(|Uer!i, 378 
 Krancisi'o, I .ope/, du (iuniara, xxxviii 
 
 27'. 337 
 Irederike, Kiiii;, 73, 102, 103 
 Kreluni 1 lereuleinn seii, 161 
 I'reliini trinin fralriiin, 9 
 l*'riseland, 30J 
 I'riole, 3(18 
 rrohiblier, Sir Marlln, xiii. 
 
Fronowo 
 
 Judex. 
 
 Ipsicratea 
 
 403 
 
 I'Vitnowii, 312 
 
 Kryir, Icnlinarulu, j,|i 
 
 l'ii(,Mii. 26 
 
 I'liluia, 122 
 
 I'uraiailii, (aptaiii, 121 
 
 I'ulcraca, 180 
 
 Cladis islands, 2S, ;o, 34, fij, 6S, 73, 
 
 75. 'M. 97. 15". "J^i. .f"<J 
 Caiia livir, 113, 132, 157, I5S, 150 
 (lalana islaml, OS, 157 
 (lalanta islanil, (iS, 157, 177, 210 
 GalraliiK, l!iitil^arlus, luO, 127,285 
 (inlian islaml, 2I10 
 Caliiia, ID. <)(>, 311 
 (iaiiilira, 2S0, 374, 3S4 
 (laimlani islanil, 374 
 Cianncs river. 9, 32, 75. <jS, 133, 155, 
 
 (;an(;ilirii>^, Cull of, 39 
 (iait|)ha>aiitt's, 3S5 
 (i.ircia Nminici. 272 
 Ciarilinir, Ilisiu'i', si., .\lv. 
 CJaivt, 374 
 
 (i.irsia lie I'aililla, 130 
 Cia.s|ii'r, I'orlc-riaks, 34.^ 
 (iaslaldns, jaculni-, 291 
 
 dales, Sir T., x\xi.\. 
 
 Caza, 57 
 
 (ia/atia, 385 
 
 (led ion, 51 
 
 (lelilcrs, l-iiid fif, \\>i 
 
 j45 
 
 rthland, Ili-lxip of, 303 
 
 illins Ol.iMU-., 347 
 racsse, xliii. 
 laltoii, \ii. 
 
 laltnn, Kli-hani, xiii. 
 ranada, 3fi, 52. (>3, 67, 73, 
 
 no, 133, 11)1,201,202,27!, 
 
 .14". ,Vt> 
 
 rancanaria islands [,'/;,' ('.;;;,/, 
 
 41, 65, 157, 210. 3S0 
 
 ranclis river, 131, 132, 199 
 
 ralia I lei, 112, 182 
 
 ray, Uiihanl. wii. 
 
 leal julni, 3S5 
 
 real Khan, \v, 
 
 real Snpliii-, }^2(i 
 
 rceia, 54, 51.,' 155, 262, 2(/i, 
 
 J>9 
 
 reetdanil, 299 
 re^jiirie, 1 12 
 
 ei;nrye 1.. 56 
 
 e.sli.iin, jtilin, xiii. 
 resliain, William, xii. 
 lel/ium, ;iS 
 risalva, John, 1S7, 1S.8, 189, 
 
 192, 194 
 runland, 2911, yyct, Tp^ 
 
 103, 
 
 llirraiiian sea, 169, 170, 2S7, 
 
 308, 3 in, 314 
 
 Ili.|«na isl.ind, 6. 28, 29, 30, 
 
 35. 3'>. 4" 
 llispaiiiiila islanil, xv., fi, 35, 
 45, 54, 66, 07, 68, 69, 71). 73, 
 
 75. 7!^. 7'), 80. 82, 84, 85. S7, 
 
 90 
 
 Hid, 
 118, 
 128, 
 
 "44. 
 
 3'>2. 
 
 190, 
 
 aph; 
 
 I.I, 
 
 ( iruueland, 8 
 (itmin/» 
 ( irulii 
 
 40 
 
 yk, X 
 Maste 
 
 11 
 
 (iriislina, C'a.slle oC, i^lT, 
 
 xl. 
 
 ii.nias, xxxvii., xxxviii., I (lriisiinl/i, \i\ 
 
 (irullaiid, 245, 300, 3(7 
 
 (lemma I'lirysiiis. 55, 3S4, 385, 3,89 (iuacana island, 345 
 
 ( ieiieen. xxv iii. 
 
 liiiaearapila, 99 
 
 Genua, lily nf, 2.8, 65, 155, 2Ui, ' (luareaa lake, 170 
 
 (iuznian. I'eler Xunw de, 345 
 Gu/ulii, 374 
 
 Ilaliaciia, 1C19 
 
 llaliacucke, 57 
 
 llaliissia, Ueuion i.r, 385 
 
 llaliech, Kegicin of, 3.85 
 
 llafnia, lily .,f, 331 
 
 ll.i;;uei!;alwin se.i, 170 
 
 llailia river, 168 
 
 llaina, 223 
 
 llaillio, 24, Co 
 
 llaili island, 166, 167, 168, 338 
 
 Ilakliiyl, l<ieh,ird, xii,, xiii , xiv. 
 
 XV., xvi., xvii,, xviii,, xis., XX. 
 
 xwviii., xl., xlviii. 
 llilii-arnassea, 12,8 
 Halle, K., \li , xiii. 
 Ham, Kinjjdoin of, 344 
 llamadriades, 74, lui 
 ll.indiur^, 300 
 Ilaniiilial, 139 
 llaimn, 338 
 Ilar.iia, ke.Ljiun of, c\(> 
 llarilie, Masler, xviii. 
 llarsol, City of, 3(x) 
 llallialhiei, 171 
 ll.uvkins. Sir lohn, \vi,, xvii, 1 liil.an islaml, 344 
 
 90, 98, 90, UK), 104, 
 107, I(i8, 113, 114, 115. 
 1 19, 122, 123, 125, 12(1, 
 
 ',i". I.il. "3v '37. ',!S. 
 
 145, 149, 150, 153, 154. 
 
 1114, 165, 10(1, 1(17, i;.', 
 
 "7'»i '77. '78. >!^4. 180, 191, 
 
 193, 197, 209, 211), 215, 219. 
 
 23". ^ii- 235. 23S, 239, 241, 
 299, 34^) 
 lloje.lus, 72, 79, 81 
 
 lUtroeke, \Vilti.un, xvii. 
 
 ilirop, Mr, x\v. 
 
 ily Nose, 330 
 
 mier, 5, 41, 3(6, 398 
 
 • norueeo, |(>9 
 
 iraee, 58 
 
 lie, Slaslor, xviii. 
 
 291, 
 
 3'. 
 
 40, 
 .74. 
 , S9, 
 lo.i, 
 1 1(1, 
 
 127- 
 140, 
 li'i, 
 173. 
 102, 
 228, 
 202, 
 
 111 
 ih 
 111 
 11. 
 Ill 
 II' 
 III 
 
 llossuen island, 304 
 lln/am.i, KiS, 170 
 
 vlv 
 lla\v'.,in- 
 llayhay 
 Ila/cliora, 
 Ila/litI, W.'C, x\ 
 
 llui 
 
 , Willia 
 
 sland, 
 
 374 
 
 ijj.vry. 
 
 K 
 
 XVI., XVll. 
 
 Iluhalio, 1(18, 101,1, 1; 
 
 of, 2u8, 312 
 
 '5y 
 
 II 
 
 uiiiaL/nan 
 
 lluilsareli, 299 
 
 island, 255 
 
 I la 
 lla/u 
 Ilea, 
 llehe 
 
 U 
 
 ■t;i.. 
 
 of, 168 
 
 los poinl, 273 
 
 ;i iniiunlains, 169, 176 
 
 umphrey, i.auienei'. x 
 
 I. 
 
 mj-ilom o 
 
 3<o. .540 
 Cienoa, xvii., xxx. 
 ( ;eori;iane.s, xxx., xxxi. 
 (Jermanicus, I'.inperoiir, 176 
 (iur[r]anl, .Sir William 
 
 284 
 
 f. 374 
 
 III 
 
 leihinean sea. 
 
 28,8 
 
 rl.i 
 
 xi:. 
 
 ■!y3. 
 
 (luaccaiarima, 168, 169, 173, 176 | llelirewes, Caiitain of the, 316 
 (Uiaecanarillus, King, 06, 70, 71,72, | llel(;a mniiiiiain, 300 
 
 5 '3. 
 
 "4. .^24 
 
 168 
 
 iilah 
 
 xl, xii. 
 
 177, 181, 210. 345 
 
 llelisalielh, 75, 127, 129, 167 
 sl.ind,6S, 69, 157, 159, ' Ilelisalietli a iiiLidilla, 127 
 
 llyperlioiies, 142, 1 55, 350 
 llyram, 49 
 
 llii 
 
 llel 
 
 ria, 53. 54 
 
 eliseus, 149 
 
 Jesnerus, 32!) 
 
 Kthiophai,;!, 301, 385 
 
 (ictulia, 384 
 
 Ciiaua island. 23, 260, 269, 286 
 ( iiauntes isl.ind, 38 
 (iil.elh island, 34 
 (iiliilterra, 233, 236, 262 
 (iiliilo island. 259, 272, 344 
 (iilona island, 34 
 (iiiiera island, 41 
 
 (luadaliiueuir river, 127, 157, 210, I lellespunlus sea, xlviii., 59, 155 ' Ida niouiUains, 172 
 
 22n, 23> 
 
 (iuadiana river, 273 
 
 ilely, John, xii. 
 
 (iuahalilui, 169 
 
 ( iualiaj,'ue. 
 ( iuaiagua, K 
 
 I iuaniareliis, 
 
 M^ion I 
 
 f. 169 
 nf, loS 
 
 Cine 
 
 vavarro, xv. 
 
 Ciii^lii island, 2(>o 
 
 (tiiiuan 
 
 Hul 
 
 sata/, 2i;o 
 
 ( iirardus Maphei 
 
 li, 1.. 
 
 !l8, 21 
 
 Ciun 
 
 Coa, I ily of, 40, 261 
 Codfrey. John, xvii. 
 (ioldeii Castile, 211, 214, 
 
 233. 2.iO 
 Colelia, I'orl, 374 
 Colialh, \lvii,, 149 
 Conn ■', Ir.uiiisio l.opezde, xxwii. 
 
 XXMX., 271, 335, 337, 342, 350 
 (iomera island, xiii., (15, 06, 157, 
 
 210, 3.80 
 flonies, Sleuiii, 242, 272 
 Consalues, I'eter, 378 
 ( ionson, Kiihard, xvii. 
 
 9') 
 vini;. 102 
 
 I'on, 273 
 
 |li< 
 
 37S 
 
 l};u.imu, 171 
 Igiiaiiama, 173 
 lllirium, 30O 
 
 IV. 
 
 \nf,, 127, 102, 340, 345 
 
 Iln 
 
 Inaeiis 
 
 Ind 
 
 Lake, 319 
 
 ipi 
 
 .\lendn 
 
 ""3 
 
 < iuanalilia island, ,85 
 I iuaiialiaini island, 75 
 ( iuanaliatlalienerhina, 176 
 Cuanama, Kegion of, 168 
 ( iuanapan island, I90 
 
 leliry 
 leiiry 
 
 VII , 
 VIII. 
 
 288 
 
 (iuanassa islan* 
 
 I, 105, 15 
 
 XVII., XVlll., XIX., XX., XXI,, XXXV 11.. 
 
 xlv., 6 
 lleiiiv, Kinij of I'rance, xlvii. 
 ll.rlHTl, W. 
 
 ndia, XXI., xsix,, xxx., xxxii,, 9, 
 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, iS, 19, 24, 25, 
 26, 27, 28, 29, },!, 40, 50, 52, 6,. 
 
 (>7. 75. 79. ',)o, 9\ 103. '-". "^7. 
 155, l.So, 198, 203, 204, 209, 211), 
 219, 227, 233. 230, 201, 2(13. 
 
 '4. 
 
 \\\\ 11., \XXIX. 
 
 Cnaiij,'ii.ui 1 
 (iuaniii.i, U 
 
 .land, 190 
 
 "■3 
 
 II. 
 
 riiiii.i, 313 
 
 287, 2.8.8, 
 
 260, 272. 283, 2.84, 285, 2811 
 
 9, (inaniiiiealii 
 
 .■yion 
 
 of. 
 
 (iuanna 
 
 170 
 
 I ol, 170 
 
 ia^jua. Ke(4ion of, 173 
 
 I 236, 285 
 
 ales, 50, 105, 138, 149, 156 
 
 34". 347, }!'^i- 3'<4 
 
 I 3"9. iy-„h^% 339. 
 
 India, Clove 
 
 1.0, K 
 
 Ilereules I'ill.irs, 80, lis, 2 ;6, ;i6, India iiia:oi; xxi., 
 
 .f, 274 
 
 374 
 
 xxxii., 261 
 
 India 
 
 I liiarioiiexius 
 80, 87 
 
 of, lOi 
 
 79, So, S2, 84. ; II, 
 
 idotii 
 
 ^4"*. 330. 34'>. 33" 
 
 ////Hi./', XXI. 
 
 9". 
 
 93. '"-'. 
 
 10.8, ; lie 
 
 ■roimi. City of, 28.} 
 
 Indian sea, 9, 39, 3r)S, 347, 3S1; 
 
 Indi' 
 
 III, 
 
 vli. 
 
 5-'. 5,i. .54. I' 
 
 <7' 
 
 I tu:uii'iu-\ius, \"ale of, 171 
 ( iuari/.u-ea island, 170 
 ( '.ualuro, 216, 226 
 
 llesperides islands 
 
 2J1, 225, 2j6. 227. 228, 22' 
 
 213, 220, 
 
 II 
 
 if>7. M^ 
 ena river, 
 
 7't. S7, 07, 232, 235, 23.S, 249. 271, 272, 273, 
 274, 337, 33''<. 34". 34". 345. 34**. 
 
 ii9 
 
 I iuaturo, 
 
 (ionson, 
 
 Willia 
 s Doll 
 
 viiiK', 
 
 226 
 
 lliliiis.son islaii'l, 2 si; 
 
 35". 355 
 
 Iii'lii 
 
 lliel 
 
 er, 13. 30S. 30') 
 
 (ionza 
 d 
 
 hi Kern 
 
 I'erii, 341 
 ide/ileOvieilov Val- 
 
 IKS, XIV., XV., 
 
 (iiiu/alus Hadaii 
 
 15,8, 
 
 15, 241, 242 
 
 luamalMi, Lake, 171 
 
 iuinea, xii., xvi., xix., wviii., xx\i.\. 
 
 xl., 250, 270, 273, 297. 348, i7i, 
 
 37.!' 374. 375' 
 
 "■■'«. > i5. "5.!. '.s4 
 
 Inf.irUmale islands, 28, },'■,, 37, 41, 
 
 Vllig, x!vn. 
 
 Iieriinmi'is 
 
 Hi 
 
 370. .!77. 37-'<. 379. II 
 
 .'\.|Uilla 
 
 oninuis Cardanus, 307 
 285 
 
 "9-'. 193 
 
 li: 
 
 253 
 
 P' 
 
 ope, x\xi. 
 
 teronnnu- 
 
 l''i 
 
 Coreems, 
 
 I.I 
 
 nli.irdii 
 
 181, 1S2, 1,83 380, 3S1, 382, 383, 384,385, 3,80, llicrusalem, 7, 8, 4.1 
 
 (iorgodes, Meilu 
 (iorgonas island, 33S 
 (lorualanus, 72 
 (iotliia, 298, 306 
 (iolliii'us, I'.mperour 
 
 slaiiil, 97 
 
 176 
 
 OutliL-ind, 9, 2S0, 295, 299, 30O, 347 i (Ju/n 
 
 387. 388 
 (iuise, lluke of, xliii. 
 (iunson, William, xii 
 (iusoralli, 266 
 liiilscliyn. King o', \ 
 Cu/eral, ( liilf of, 14 
 
 1:1 
 
 nriiiue oi 
 
 xlv 
 
 )4" 
 
 100, 384, 385 
 Ilierusale 
 Hieru 
 Iligiii 
 
 Insula 
 56, 57, 82, Insula 
 
 Iiispniek, 359, 308 
 
 loh, 
 
 ,i". f>9 
 
 Iiisul 1; l.ain 
 
 70 
 
 ale 
 
 
 viii); 
 
 if, 82, 208 
 le of, xlvii. 
 
 lusnl,, 
 
 vell'les. 39 
 
 lusulas .San.li li; 
 
 lliguei, 168 
 lliguel, 346 
 liircania Sylua, 292 
 
 niiag.ina island, 34 
 mieum sea, 191 
 >f'3 
 
 Tli, 162 
 
 I 
 
 1' 
 Ii 
 Ipsicratea, 128 
 
404 
 
 Irtische 
 
 Imh'X. 
 
 Margarita 
 
 
 Iniiidif rivur, J13 
 
 Irus, 4'2 
 
 Kaliilla, City of, 74, 70, So, S2, .S4, 
 
 S5, S6 
 l>aln.'ll,i isl;\nil, 7i, 1(17 
 I^alicll.i, Lady, .541 
 Kaias, 52, 5(1'. 57 
 Isiiiai'l ilu' S.j|.iii, jii 
 I-iicralis, (46 
 iMMlipriis, iii>li(i|), 290 
 
 Israeli, 51, 52, ^6 
 Nrull, Kin}; ipf, xwiv. 
 I^srria, ((«> 
 I^lir liMT, <)S, I ji 
 IslDiiia I iiMirt^ius, IJd, (jl 
 Ily island, jS 
 
 Jacclia, ifiS 
 
 Jacclii, Kfijiiin .if, 1(19 
 
 J:ulu' liver, I OS 
 
 Jaeluiii ri\er, 7 J 
 
 Jacijja river, lOS 
 
 Jaoili, .\\v, 
 
 Jacolii, Sancli. 07 
 
 Jai.il)us (iaslaliliN, 345 
 
 Jafel. !4(. 
 
 Japiliaiiiiho, Kej;i(in .if, iijj 
 
 J lia, HK>, l()j 
 
 Jaiek rivir, {26, 320 
 
 Jainai;ua, Lake, 170 
 
 Jaii.^ii, Uej;iiin .if, (74 
 
 Jam lira islaiul, x,\, 7^, 7,S. 150, 154, 
 
 177. I'M. -'I", i\< 
 Jauiai/i, l<et;i..ii ..(, I(i<i 
 James, St., Islaml of, 117 
 J.iines, St., Tiiwcr of, S4 
 
 i nines llie elder, lo 
 ainjj.iina, Keiji.iii of, afiO 
 Janiia, 155 
 ' iiius, 155 
 l|illel, 155 
 i.|Ues < anil r, )15 
 Jar.isiavia, J(K) 
 Jaroslaw, Caslleof, 524 
 Jason, 51, 2ii2 
 Jausa ii\er, {ij 
 Java i^lan.l, 2 j, afwi, 544 
 Jaxarlos ri\rr, 31 1 
 Jeaii do I''errieres, \li\-. 
 Jemplia, J05 
 
 Jeiikeiisoii, Anil-.. my, wiii, 
 Jeiikyns .11, Masler, xlili, 
 Jenuen, \\\. 
 Jerieh.i, Iriesis of, xlvii. 
 Jerom, ( asile of, J2J 
 Jerusalem, xxi., xx\i , 7, S. 4.1. 51, 
 
 5()-7, S2, 100, i()ii, 574, {S4-5' 
 ]erii.s;ilem, I'alriarelie of, xxxv. 
 Joll, II. 541, 
 Joi^a, 14 
 
 Julian, I iiiki', 2S.). 20! 
 Johanna islan.l, 2.S, 2.). oo, 70, 74, 
 
 75, 104. 241 
 Johannes, I'nrsins, i()(') 
 Johannes, I lia'. 105 
 j.ilin, Kinn, (is. I2.|, 273. 274 
 J..I111. Lake ..f, i2S 
 John ..f lieslMinnit^h, \\v., xxxvi. 
 John. l'.i|ie, wiij., x\vi., xxvii., 
 
 x\\., \\\ii., \\\\i. 
 John, i,)iui n, 27 J 
 John ihe l^anj^elisi, 10 
 J. mas, x\v., jjS 
 ."jopiia, IM 
 
 Joseph .if Aiimaih.a, ^(i 
 Jo^eplnls, xKiii , S, 3S4, JS5 
 Josiiah {10 
 joiiaiialioina, ic o 
 Jiiiiliil, I'laniiiiM-, xlv. 
 joviii ., I'aiiiiis, 292, J)I 
 
 Joy, Ma<ler, xviii. 
 
 Juan, 1S2 
 
 Jiiana),M, l<<'(;ion of, 234 
 
 Julia, Kinj;, 347 
 
 Juealana island |/ .'., Ih,- I'rnhiuihi .'' 
 
 )/(. .i/.i)/|, 40, I So, i.SS, 1S9, |.ji, 
 
 192, 11)3, 23S 
 Jiida, I'linces o(, 56 
 lud.le. Sir .\ndre\v, 3S3 
 Ju.lea, 7, IS, 57 
 Jiij; river, 2.St>, 312. 322 
 Jiij,'a river, 293, 312 
 Jiit;aria, 322, 326 
 iu)4|,'e, J.ihn. xlvi. 
 Jiit,'i;.'. Ki.liaid, xwix., xKi., 3.^8 
 |ut;.iria, 301) 
 juhariei. 32(1 
 Juli),'ary, The, 326 
 Juh.ra, 293, 322, 326 
 Iiiliiis, ro|ie, 3t).i 
 jiiljan Saiiian... 3(6 
 Junna river, 73, loS, 172 
 Jura. 116 
 Jureehe, 152 
 Jurliam. 292 
 Jwanowoseri), Lake o(, 325 
 
 Kaienska Simla, Kejjion of, 330 
 
 Kama, Uej;ion of. 326 
 
 Kanian river. 325, 329 
 
 Kalharine, <,>ueen, 65 
 
 Kele river, xxxvii, 
 
 Kirry, John, xix. 
 
 Khan, Ureal, xv. 
 
 Kiiij'.sley, Uev. Canon, xvi. 
 
 Kilai, Lake, 323 
 
 Kitaisko, Lake. 323 
 
 Kilhav. Lake. 524 
 
 Kohl,' Mr J. (i', XV. 
 
 Kiiliiin ri\er, 3-- 
 
 Kinliski, Sinie.iii I'heo'Iorowice, 324 
 
 Kyui, 20 
 
 F.a Hesseada islan.l. 210 
 
 la I'erle, xlv. 
 
 La Miiia, 3S2 
 
 La Spai;iiiiola, 2in 
 
 Lalirahir, xiii., xv., 2S7, 344, 345, 
 
 347 
 
 I„ichroma river, 321 
 
 Lacossa, Johannes lie, 107 
 
 Laelanlius, 10, 11, 142 
 
 l.aeus, AIliiis, 291 
 
 Laeiis, Cronieus, 2S9 
 
 La.|.ij;a. Lake. 319 
 
 l.aL^arlos riv.-r. 1 1 1 
 
 l,a^;oina islan.l, 2(K) 
 
 Lai. lani 1, 1 73 
 
 Lamas, i yi{ 
 
 LamI.erl. ('raneis. xviii,, \!\. 
 
 Lamlii ri. Nieolas, 37(), 377 
 
 Lanier, xlv. 
 
 Lampaloila islan.l, 374 
 
 l.ancel.ilus islan.l, 65, 157 
 
 l.aiuerota, w. 
 
 Lan.liiius, 279 
 
 Laii.tnian, I >au .1, xix. 
 
 lauiKanas, 304 
 
 Lantehitlol sea, 261 
 
 La.m, xliv. 
 
 Lapponin, l<e(;i.in of, S, 291,299, 
 
 301, 302, 305, 317 
 Lares, 176 
 l.isiesia, 3fi3 
 l.aieiaiie. Jix) 
 l.aiiiim, fi(), nil). 1C17 
 Lalhyro Kinj,', 2S(i 
 L uirenee, xU i^, xKiii. 
 I.azaro, Anhipeki'.;.! .li San, 251 
 Lazarus, Kinn, 1S7, iXS 
 ..iih, Kini; of ihe I'olons, 318 
 
 , Ci.), lofi, 137, 
 
 , Xlll., XVII., XVIII., 
 
 29S, 
 166, 
 
 177. 
 
 !0I, 
 
 3"S, 31", 
 
 I.cilisma, Johannes, 144 
 
 Li'dyl river, 291 
 
 Legion, 2n| 
 
 Li'poii, Kin^; of, 203 
 
 Ll•l^;h, Doelor, xvi, 
 
 Leniiires. S5 
 
 Leo, Itishop of Koine 
 
 2S7, 30S, ,}»; 
 Leochftres, 49 
 Leon, 342 
 
 Leon, John I'oncenf, 34?. 346 
 Leonhar.liis (iorecius, xxxix, 
 (.epanto, xii. 
 I a pin Caslle, 323 
 r.eshos, fii) 
 I.evanle, The, xii 
 
 xix., 233 
 Leviathan sea, 50 
 I ewes, Don, 378 
 Lil.ane, 1 10 
 Lilierus, Sinisniiin.liis, 
 
 3"S 
 Liliia, 8, 54, sf), 70, Si, 
 
 37». 3f<4 
 Liliinnn, 163 
 l.ilira, xlii. 
 Litjiirian sea, 297 
 Lima, 33S 
 
 Liinoiiares islan.l. 15 1 
 Lini.iso iskinil, 374 
 Lincoln, liishop of, xl., xlv. 
 Lislion, City of, 16, .W, 2(17, 277 
 
 279, 341 
 Litliiinia, fluke of, 31S 
 Litiiania, Uealme of, 2.S6, 
 
 3"". 3"4. 3"^. 3-'" 
 Liiiie, 132 
 l.iuonia, 287, 291, 306 
 
 312, !ii|, ',3' 
 Lock. Sir William, xiii. 
 Loke, Mirhail, xix. 
 Loili;e, 'I'll. .mas, \1. 
 Lo.lovike, 73, 79, S2, 90, 94, 96, 
 
 103. 133 
 r<onj,'on, 2f)0 
 L.ip, Cilv of, 2C1 
 Lopes, Die^.i, 272, 
 Lopez I'ranciso 
 
 3 s" 
 Loi.l.i, 2.S7 
 Li solh islan.l. yri.\ 
 Loual river, 310 
 LoMn island, 2(« 
 lair.nne, 310 
 
 Lnroinorya inounlains, 323, 324 
 Liidovieo l!aitlienia(i.e., /''.j»///t7«ij], 
 
 xlviii. 
 Luft, Hans. xxv. 
 laij^o. .Mphoiisus, f)(> 
 Liii.,'o, 252 
 l.unialola island. 2C1O 
 Lumliar.lie. 3116, 3.(0 
 Lupus Sosa, 199 
 Lushel'iirne (i.e., /././">/;], xxvii., 
 
 XXVI ■ , xxix., 277, 309 
 lailhtT, xxvi. 
 I.utlret, Sir John, xi\. 
 Lnxanus. 74 
 Liiys of S. .\nj;ill. 341 
 Liiys, Caiuell. 3.(6 
 Liiys, Iton, 341 
 Lu/tu, 271 
 Lytiieii. \xxi. 
 Lyesc N'irolas, 378 
 Lyuon sea, 314 
 
 M.aer.i/ina, l\ei;ion of. 169 
 Maeehiin islan.l. 2511, 2()0 
 NLac.-.l.mia, xxviii , 14 
 Maehiani son, 344 
 NLicliiniiech, Kin^;, loo 
 
 2 73 
 
 2-iS 335. 3»-'. 
 
 Mni-hmi'lRlr-'i, King, 3*8 
 
 .\laeho. hael, 99 
 
 Ma. ori\, Uenion of, ifiS 
 
 >Licroliius, 41, 2i|S. 3)7 
 
 .Madnuascar, 7, 23, 2S5, 2S6 
 
 Ma.lanino, (19, 157 
 
 Mi.li ra islan.l , 35, 40, 41, 87, 2fx5, 
 
 -'70. 339. 34-- 37.S, 3*<". 
 .M.ijjellanus I'eidiiiaii.l.i [i.e., /•<'• 
 •/.;«/ ,/■■ .I/;;;'i.V/,(,;;.|. i), },!, ^i, 
 
 3t. 35. 243. 249. 250, 252, 2SS 
 
 27.!. 274 
 
 M.i(;ellanus, Straits of, S, ll, 35, 
 
 II.I, 1S3, 252, 2Ss, 350 
 Maj;na t'anaria, 157 
 ^L^^;nn (ors island. 41 
 Ma^iiele islan.l, 34S 
 MaRnus, Alhcrlus, 7, 9, 10, 41, 
 
 364 
 M.i^'inn, 81 
 .M.ij;ua, l\eL;ion of. ifi9 
 Ma^iiae.iehi.is, 1I17 
 Maijuana, Ke^;ioll of, 169, I71, 172, 
 
 176 
 Mahaiiin in.innta.n, ifi.) 
 .\Lilnmiel, 14, 23, 25, 27, 40, 57, 
 
 32". .i74 
 Maia, l\e|,Mon of, 150, \<^% 
 Main(;iiarili, Kejjion of, 169 
 .\Liiaiii, 1S7 
 Maiolianexiiis, King, SO, 91, 92, 
 
 •)} 
 .Mai.ilii-a, 270 
 
 .\Ialaliar, 2(13, 266, 267, 26S, 269 
 Malacca, 21', 32, 34, 40, 75, 2 •,7, 
 
 255, 25(1, 2(X), 21)1, 207, 2(>9, 
 I 271, 274, 313, 344 
 .Malea, 155, 304 
 .\Lilit;ny, Seij;iieiir de, xliv. 
 ?iLill.ia islan.l, 2(10 
 Malpha, Klauins of, 348 
 .\Liiiilir.ine, xxx. 
 .Manal.aho, Ke^ion of, l6c) 
 .Manaliaxao, I\ej;ioii of, 1(19 
 .NLiiiarnpann, Kej;io 
 
 96, ()S, 1 28 
 .Maiiaelu, Siliill, xx. 
 Maiiati, Lake, 171 
 .Maii.leiiell, 329 
 NLiii^al.ir, 265 
 .NLiiiij.laiiilo, t ily of, 259 
 Man;.;i, 25, 26 
 NLinieautixiiis, King, 82 
 M.inieheiis, 10 
 M.inie..iij;.., 270. 374 
 .Manilius, .Maieus, xliv. 
 Mans, xliv. 
 
 .\Lin-.us, .Mi.msus, 130 
 .NLinuel, I'etro, 272 
 Maiai;ii..niini river, 98, 132, 134, 
 
 155, Ido 
 .NLmI.hi^. xxv. 
 NLir. Ii.iuntcs inland. 329 
 NLiivliena, 3411, 341 
 NLareilitis I'irinus, 33S 
 Mai.-.i .la Ni/.n, 2S7 
 Mareii'. .\ntoiiius, 315 
 M.-.reiis. I'anperoui , 2S,j 
 Mareiis I'aiiliis, 55, 286 
 Marcus I'aiilus Venetus, 25, 27, 
 
 326, lia, 339, 340 
 NLire islan.l, 35, 25.1, 260 
 Marij Con^;elatiini, 8 
 .\Lire lie S.ilii.me, 374 
 .Mare .lei Sur (/.<•., /V/t-/"!. /A' (),((»/), 
 
 54. 211. 214, 223, 225, 230, 233, 
 
 234i 235. 252, 262, 33,S, 3.44, 
 
 .!4v ,M7 
 Male I'.iciliiuni, 252, 2153 
 ALir^;arita islan.l, vl, !»S, 96, 141, 
 
 105, 1 78, 214, 233 
 
 on ol, 89, 94, 
 
 
r 
 
 Margarita 
 
 Iitiicx. 
 
 Oxford 
 
 405 
 
 Marnnriln, IVIit, 79 
 Mari.ilainli.il, l<i-t;iiiii (p(, 'jS, 
 
 Maiiin, Ri'j;i(in of, 161), 172 
 Marv, Virijiii, \\\'\., ()i;, 124, 192, 
 
 i.js 
 
 Marmaru'a, S 
 
 Marino', 112, 114, IJ5 
 
 Maroliii, 100 
 
 M.iroCiM), \i\., \x. 
 
 Manpies, Diq^u^, 157 
 
 Marris, 122 
 
 Marnirlii), 374 
 
 Marriili, \U\ 
 
 Martaliani, 26S 
 
 Marline, 3SJ 
 
 Marliniis (Iralias i-laivl, ,54? 
 
 Marlire, I'iilro, or Martyr. IVlir, 
 
 xiii., xswii., 4), 61, fjj, 64, 65, 
 
 102, I.Ho, 207, 241, 246, 299 
 Marv, t^liu'in, xii., xxxviii,, xxxix., 
 
 xlV., 1. 
 Mary ol N'i'nu'f;in, xxvi, 
 Mas^ana isl.iiid, 34 
 M.i-^a'unlirr |>i>rt, 574 
 Malliaii i-l.\n'l, 25S 
 M.uliirn isl.Miil, J5 
 Matliininci i^I.iml, loo 
 Matiiiiiii) i>lan4, 30, 69, 157, 166, 
 
 210 
 Maliilis 123, 1S4 
 M.Ulhknr, 3113 
 Manicaraii, 109 
 MaurcvLrl, xlv. 
 Mauritania, S, 374, 3S4 
 Mauritania C'rsrrii'nsis, 374 
 Mauritania Tin^^itania, 374 
 Mau>-(iln-i, Kin^;, 49, 12S 
 Maximilian, laninnair, 290, 30S, 
 
 309, 312, 3(..S 
 Miica, iW), 267 
 Mi'ilccis, CatliLrino di', .xlv. 
 Media, 314 
 
 .MnlinaVili, Duke cpf. 341 
 Medina Sidunia, iJul^e nf, 250, 
 
 Medina de < anipn, xxxix., 232 
 
 Mediin, xwi. 
 
 Meer^ell, I'. C van iler, xxv. 
 
 Mej;ha, xxviii. 
 
 Mela, I'lPinponins, 346, 347 
 
 Melai|na, City ul, xxix., Jl 
 
 MeKlia island, 39 
 
 Meliln.ir, 71, 72 
 
 Meier, Lake, 305 
 
 Melinda, xxviii., 132, 3.S5 
 
 Mel.i, liances ile, 273 
 
 Melu/a. 20 
 
 Menii, City of, Z4I 
 
 .Meniplii'., lily of, 307, 315 
 
 Mendala, 3.14 
 
 Mende/, I 'ii'jjiis, 154 
 
 Meniloeius. Inaeus |.i|ie/, I03 
 
 Meiidn/a, .\ntliiiny di, 2.'<7 
 
 Mendi>/a, Caiilinall IVm (imuales 
 
 (if. 341 
 Mendo/a, I.iiii^n of, 252 
 Mendu/a, Menlia of, 214 
 Mennones, 3S5 
 .Mense, 5!) 
 
 Meiisurado, ("ape, 3.S1 
 Meoiis, 15 s, 292, 29S, 306, 311, 
 
 314, 325, Si(\ 351 
 Meirao '. I.odouiciis, 165, 1S2 
 Mireedi-, Saynte Mary of, 77 
 Meri ke, William, xli. 
 Mer.ie isl.ind, S, 3S5 
 Melii.e. 41 
 
 Mesa, llarnarde of, 130 
 Me.ss.in.\ island, xvii,, i^(^ 
 .Me>.saiia, Kiny of, 250, '257, 25.S 
 
 I Mi'sopoi.nnin, 297 
 .Mi't.i Ineo^nila, xiii. 
 Mill Ihis t'eier, 9 
 .Meiliyinna Campi, City of, 6.S, 70, 
 
 72, So 
 Melliyna, Duke of, 9C> 
 .Me«iid, \iieroy of, 287 
 .Mexieo, City of, xiii., 55, 61, 2S7, 
 
 2SS, 33S, 342 
 Miven river, 322 
 Me/enliinn, ()6 
 Mieliael rassanionle, 2IJ 
 Midnall. rii.inias, xiii. 
 Mien, 24, 261 
 .Milan, City of, Oj, 67, loj, 131, 
 
 141 
 Milenoes, fi^ 
 Mina, 330. !7i;, ^82 
 Mina, Castle of, j.Sj 
 .\Iina river, 376 
 Minera, xlviii, 
 •Minos, xlviii. 
 Miof.irino, City of, 2,84 
 Mirolial.inus, l<et;ion of, 151 
 Milaini. 167 
 .Mitliriil.iles, 12.S, 129 
 Mopier, 341 
 Mojjunce, I'.isliop nf, 56 
 Molucca islanils, S, 9, 20, ?2, 'X,},, 
 
 34. 35. 54. "f<.i. 234, iy~„ 247, 
 
 249, 25f), 2sS, 2VI, 2fK), 271, 272, 
 
 273, 274, 2S6, 2.S7, yy^ 
 Molylie. 3.S5 
 Monisaliilh, xxviii. 
 .Moncellese, Master licrnardino, 35f) 
 Monoeh island, 22 
 Mons Criicis, 300 
 Mons I'arralus island. 30 
 Mons Sirratiis island, 69, 177 
 Monte Kodondo. 3.S2 
 .Montej;io I'rancis, i.Sy, ii/i, 191, 
 
 ■92, 195 
 Monies I.una. 41, 132, 217, 385 
 Monies Niuales, 157, ifjo 
 Monyuye, 240 
 Moore. Sir Tlionias, 398 
 Morales, .\ndrea., 134, 156, Ifij, 
 
 lfi7, Ifi9, 1S4, I.Si; 
 Morales, (iasper. 17S, 179, 214 
 Mor.T/iles, Clirisiopliorns, 1S6 
 Morauia, Ke^'ion of, 320 
 Morea, The, 316 
 Moren. xxxi. 
 Mor^jan, Sylvanns. xhi. 
 Morlry. I'rofessor II., xxxviii. 
 Moronilcs, xxx., xxxi. 
 M.trroralies, xxx., xxxi. 
 Mos, Lake, 304 
 Moscow, 187, 2.86, 2.S9, 290. 21)1, 
 
 292,2113,308,312,313,314,317, 
 
 Moseovia, xxxix., 2S5, 2S6, 2S-, 
 2.S0, 290, 291. 292, 2')3, 204, 29.S, 
 30.S, 309, 31". .?" I. .i"2, 313, 314, 
 .115. .!"■'. .i I *<. .3'9. 32". 321. 522, 
 in. 3-!4. 325. 32<'>, 327. 32S, 320, 
 3,i". 331. n^ 
 
 Moseovia, .Andreas nf, 316 
 
 .Moseovia, < Jeor^e of, 316 
 
 Moseovia, Helena of, 2.S9 
 
 .Moseovia, John of, 2.S9, 316, 319, 
 
 321, 324, 325, 326 
 Moseovia, Sophia of, yi(\ 
 Moseovia, Simeon of, 3ir) 
 Moseovia, Demetrius .\niliassa.|our 
 
 of, 292, 30S, 3o<j, 310, 311, 313, 
 316, 325. 329, 331 
 Mosecnia, Dukes of, 283, 286, 2S7, 
 2S1), 290, 291, 292, 29), 314, ?lS, 
 
 322, 323. 324. 325, 326, 32S, '329, 
 l}Ps l}.^< 3.52 
 
 .Mose.ivlii.«, 2.89, a9o, J9I, J'12, 103, 
 3'A 3'">. 31". 3". 3'2. 31 !. 3"5. 
 3"'. 3'^. 3"'». 3'!". 321, y-i. s^i. 
 324,325, 326,327,328,32 ,,, 331, 
 
 332 
 Moses, xxl., xlvii., II, 49, 511, 51, 
 
 57. H" 
 
 Mosvli, The, 3S5 
 
 Moika, C.ipc-, 331 
 
 Moiiy, Count de, xlv. 
 I .\loxica, Michael of, (15 
 I Moxus river, 313, 314 
 ' M.i/.iii.liiipie, 2I>| 
 
 Muera, 31S 
 
 Miiller, .Mr Kreilerick, xxv., xxvi. 
 I .Multoxunian, Kin)^, 195 
 . Muniu, 1 12 
 
 i Munster, Sriiasliaii, 3, 13, 42, 240. 
 I 291, 293 
 
 Murcien, 176 
 
 Miisrostroin sea, 304 
 
 .Miilhil isl.ind, 34 
 
 Mutir island. 250, 260 
 
 .\lysians. xlviii., 318 
 
 I Nntldwyck, Jan van, xxvi. 
 
 i >'iij;:ii. 329 
 
 ; Na^aria, xxix. 
 
 Nadia, V,^ 
 
 Nailia river, 73. 83, idS, 172 
 
 N'ansao, I)arl of, 214 
 
 .Naples, Kint; of, xxx. 
 i N'armaria, xxix. 
 
 Narsinj;a, 14, 15, 20, 263, 264, 2(15 
 
 Narsini^a, Kin;; of, 14. .(o, 21.4 
 
 Nalivilaiis. Daia, 129 
 I .N'anaryen, Kin;; of, xxx., xlviii. 
 
 N.auchin, City of, 2to 
 I Navarre, Kin;; of. xxx., xKiii. 
 
 Nelirissa, 135, ifi, 
 
 Ne;;lina river, 313 
 I Ne;;ro river, 374 
 I Nehemiah, 56 
 
 .Neiliayniao, Ke;;ion of, ifi9 
 } Neihaynias mountain, 1(19 
 I Neiiiea, 143 
 '■ Nemroih, 53, 290 
 
 Neper ver, 314 
 
 Nepos, Cornelius, 9, 2Sfi. 347 
 
 Neplunus, xlviii., 55, 1(13. 105. 176 
 
 Nereindes, 74, 101, 127, 105, 17!) 
 
 Nero, 41 
 
 Nerui, 340 
 
 Nestorius. xxx., 27 
 
 New .-Vndahtsi.i. 130 
 I New Kraunce, 2.S7, 2.SS 
 
 New India, 3, 13, 14, 15, id. 17. iS, 
 
 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 2(1. 27. 
 
 I 28, 20, 30, 31, y. li, 34, 35, 30, 
 
 37. 3X. 3'). 4". 4> 
 New Spayne. 230. 23.S. 24 I, 2.S7. 342 
 New World, I..S, 127, 137, 150, 174, 
 
 245, 247, 272, 273, 337, 33.S, ':,x,'), 
 
 .U2 
 
 xiii., XIV, 
 
 , XV., XVIII. 
 
 In6, 107, loS, 109, 
 114. Ms. no, t2n, 
 15". '5'. '53. 
 
 Newfoundland, 
 
 xxi. 
 Nieara;;ua. 33.S 
 Nicene, 290 
 Nicolai, \2Z 
 Nicuesa, Die;;o, 
 
 Ml, 112, 11; 
 
 12«. 135. 137. 145. 
 
 156 
 
 Nidrosia, 299, }ri\, 
 
 Nidrosia, .Archi.ishop of, 299 
 
 .\i;;nus, 94, 126 
 
 Ni^rilis, 132, 3S4 
 
 Nile river, 8, 41, 110, 11 1, 131, 132, 
 1x3, 155. Kio. 175, KM, I'l'), 217, 
 2S3, 2,S4, 2,S5. 293, 31..), 31 1, 312, 
 339. 341-. 35 >. 374. 3S4. j'^iS 
 
 Niniaca, 169 
 
 .Nivalis, 1(1.) 
 
 .\o.ih, xKiii.,51, Hv 3 to, 34<i, jSij 
 
 Noceuanior island, 20.) 
 
 No;;ais, 311, (29 
 
 Nouirn D.i, M 3. is\, 23s 
 
 Noi,|ue;;ia, 331 
 
 Noricum, 314 
 
 Northunilierhind, ' uke of, xxxviii., 
 
 .xxxix., 5 
 Nort|io.len, 330 
 .Norn 111 he;;.!, xiv. 
 Norway, lioicriioiirs of, },},% 
 .Norway, Kin;; of, 331 
 Norwe^ia, Kin;; ol, xxx. 
 .Nova Casillia, i,.\}, 
 Nova llispania, 55, 213, 23S, 241, 
 
 2.S7, 342 
 Now,;;i.i.|ia|i.e., .\'..7:;./,.('|, liiyof, 
 
 2,S(), 290, 2C)I, 30.1. 312. il j, \\\. 
 
 \,W (I'l. 321. iiu, 32.S, 329,'3),j 
 No\a Scoii.i, XV. 
 Nuliia, 3.S4 
 Nuceria, raiiliis Juuiu>, l!i.|iop of, 
 
 30S, 312, 331 
 Niimiili.i. 374 
 Nuiiiie/, .Mph.in^iis, 1.!) 
 .Nuiine/ lie (iusin.in, I'eler, 3.(5 
 .Nycolas, S.iynl, 75, 78 
 Nysa, KK) 
 Nysea, 3,84 
 
 () ['.!•., Oiiu\,a\ point. 75, 76 
 
 Oliilor a. 2S7, jiii. \i j 
 
 Oliea, Castle o'l. y!.\ 
 
 Olii river, xli, 2:17,322, y.y yy, 
 
 Oliiowa. ^ly 
 
 Dccoa ri\er, 170, 292 
 
 Ocha river. 292, 30,8. 313, 314, y.), 
 
 324. 325 
 Ochelana, 2S7 
 Ochij l.upus. i,S6 
 (Jdia, 2110 
 
 Odoardo liarliessa, 2^8 
 ();;ni S.in.ii .Mari;;ala"iile isl.ind. 210 
 I Hanus, (ioilius, 31x1, j.;;, jjS 
 01 iiius, l.itpus, Ml, 112 
 Dlha. 319 
 OhiMiliuni. .,14 
 (lloaii, I.SS,' ivi 
 Ooliali, 49 
 Done, 305 
 
 Ophir.V, 51. (,0, 7.5, S2, 338.3,3 
 ( >plandia. 305 
 Dram, ( iiy ol. 374 
 Drdassus. l)ie^;iis, iijj 
 < Iripei, The. 585 
 Ormu/ isl.ind, 13. 2ci, joi, 2110 
 Oro rill r, 3.80 
 ( Irsa, 310 
 
 Oryeiiun, xxx., xxxi. 
 Os /h.i-..,iis, Sirails of, 8S, 1)5, ,,0 
 
 9S, lu,S, 128, 132, 13,, I51,,;s' 
 
 180 
 ( )siricli, Henry, xix. 
 Msirol.olliiiia. 305. 3r)6 
 Ose|>, (;re;;oieviich .Napca, xl. 
 Olho. 9 
 
 t >tifcr, 2.89, 290 
 l)to;;i ria. I ily of, 291 
 Otoipie is|;in,l, 233 
 Olio lirumlelsiiis, xliil, 
 ( llti'inainis, li.ijaseles, do, ji| 
 t illoseria. (ily of. {14. 
 Otwer, City ol, 31.J 
 (hiandiis, kin;;. Hjo 
 Ouandiis, .Nicol.ius, 1(15 
 Oueleiiscs, .Asliir, 13^ 
 Oiiiediis, Ciii/alus i'ernandiis. 150 
 
 15.8, Kio. 184, iSi. 2.17, 2uS, 2a|' 
 t).xlord, l.ailol, xxxNii. ^ ' 
 
4o6 
 
 Ox us 
 
 liiiicx. 
 
 Rome 
 
 Oxus rlur, jaS 
 li/.iiii.i, 240 
 
 r.ii r.i, Kint;. 14), 1, 11, 115, 1 (ii, 
 
 •47 
 I'aililla, «'rar»i.i ili, I jo 
 I'ikIus, It) 
 I'iili.in, 2<»> 
 
 l'.lll',\lMll', j6) 
 
 1'.iU'.p1i.j;ii>, s.,|,lii;i, J16 
 r.ilroli.(;u». ThHin.l., Jl(( 
 I'aliUki, l.iiurtfiiauiiir. jjS 
 I'llina i^l.lrl.|, 41, (1(1, | ,;, 177, (S<> 
 J'.ilniiui.i, kfnitin of, |.S<i 
 r.ilin.i-', ('.i|.i' lU- l.n, jSi, jS» 
 I'alimi. Sir T., x\\i\. 
 I'.il.is, (,6, 97, y.;, J41 
 I'an, Kio 
 ranama, Cily of, 214, 2jj, jjj, 
 
 2.U. 2.I,S. .i.fS 
 I'aiulii, I ily .if, 26 
 I'aia^, lul 
 raiinnhk', I J J, 155, 290, jod, jici, 
 
 314 
 
 I'atKiniimc, Kinj;, 1S2 
 
 raiitalana i-laiul, J74 
 
 I'aiiucci, 241 
 
 I'aii.i, J.ihaiinrs )S5 
 
 I'ai'iii, (ily iif, 524 
 
 ra|'iiiu»^..ri«l, I ily iif, J24 
 
 I'araci'lsii^, .\hi. 
 
 raraiii' ri\iT, 54? 
 
 I'aria, \fi, j.S, 89, 00. 04, 95. '/i, 
 
 98, 911, m;, 1115. Hi, ijs, I2ci, 
 
 l.Vi, 1,(2. 1 iS. isi. 1511. i"5, 17!^, 
 
 I.V), iSi, iS4, )iS, joj 
 I'aria, ( lull c.f, 1 ju 
 I'aiicura, 9S, ij2 
 I'ari/a, iSj 
 
 rarciiiaiii-ii-. nuuiiilaiii, JiiS 
 l'aitliinu|ii .\, (Jui.i.11, loj 
 I'anhia, 2,^4 
 
 l'.iilliii.iiv, lanin'Mur, 176 
 I'aruaiiii, 7 
 raiuiis, ( ifor^iu^i. 32O 
 
 i>-aniiiiilc, M)( IilI, 21J, 240 
 
 I' 
 
 I'al.iiii, HKi 
 I'al 
 
 ,it;.iin. 
 
 I'al.il.i 
 
 r.uiih'niii 
 
 r.uii. 
 
 I'.U.Ill 
 
 -l;illl, 25S 
 
 5"- 5>i 
 
 I'nuliN, |ii\iu 
 
 i/ir, .54.1 
 
 l.iliii, 
 
 .in. 
 
 cii-na. Kii^ii'i 
 
 i.r. 
 
 i'i 
 
 TcK 
 
 C'lirn.iks iiii'iiiii.uii.-, 219 
 
 IV, I 
 IV. I r 
 
 If. .m 
 
 <la \ 
 
 Tolr.. I)..ii 
 
 ill.i, 229 
 
 I' 
 
 ■i;», 20, 21, 
 
 '1, 2(>J. 
 
 'I. .; 1 1 
 
 IVIk- 
 1VI,.| 
 IVlii' 
 
 .li- M 
 
 iru'titirl, xliii. 
 
 IVIiisius, 285 
 
 in>.., 134, 31(1, 319 
 I rivir, 2S4, 2.S5 
 
 Vnmiiii 1^1 
 
 lan.l. 
 
 IVralf.iiiM) i.f .\Icl.i, 272 
 
 IVraria, I'., (15 
 
 IVrcasl.nia, (ily nf, 291, 331 
 
 IVric 
 
 .{•^2 
 
 IVrtv, l.iliii, 3.(0, {(I 
 IVr ■ 
 
 illu'., 49 
 
 IVri.|iuU', KiiiK. I.S2 
 
 IVrm, 21)3 
 
 IVnnc.i, 2^C), J09, 325, 326 
 
 'eniiNka, 2»»3 
 crsia, .\\\ iti.. 
 
 PrrI, Sir Tlmma*, \iii., d 
 
 IVni, xiii., x\\i\., (>, 54, ijo, JS5, 
 
 V!**. .Ml. .t.f'. if>.i 
 I'lM.iia KiMf, 2.S(i 
 IVlii, 125 
 IVlil, K. , xxxvili. 
 IVlriiN .Mjilii.nMis, ()4, ofi 
 IVlris .\rias. 126, 127, 142,314,221) 
 IVlli^ii'^;.., xl. 
 IVl/iira Kuii, 322, 323, 324, 33f., 
 
 3.?-' 
 
 riiad..!!, 73 
 
 I'liari- Kivir, 262, 310 \ 
 
 I'lu'iiii'rn, xxxi. I 
 
 I'lii.lin*. 74 
 
 l'lnl.l.kl|.lllls, KiiiR, 2S4, 2S5 
 
 l'liili|i, Kiiij;. xvii., xwvlli,, xxxix., 
 
 xlv., 52. 
 I'lllli'.lilK >, xKii 
 I'l.ii.i, xliv. 
 riiil.islratiK, 3.S4 
 rii.iiiii'ia, xl. 
 I'lirysiu-.. ('..'iiinia, 
 riiyli|'|ir. Ilio .\|ii.sili., 57 
 I'i.'lirl. Iiilin, x\ii. 
 I'ic.jiii.ii:!, xliv. 
 I'iiiiijja, 312, 322 
 I'iisoya Kisir, 322 
 I'iiv.i KJMr, },ii 
 l'it;afilta, .\nl..iiiii, 243, 24fi, 247, 
 
 24.), 2<;v 258 
 ^i^;lllllH•lll, 153 
 l'inni)4l, 3(X> 
 riiiMiMiIci, Aiiti.niailcs, 375, 376, 
 
 ,yn 
 
 I'iiistca.l.i, .Vnii'iiii' .Xiii"., 37S 
 I'in^l.M.li., Ji.lin .\lu■^, 377, 37S 
 l'liilij;iiaiiiiv, (Iliac. mils, 129 
 riii/..n, Marliii .M.ms.., 341 
 I'liv.imis, .\iiis, 1)6, 9.S 
 I'iii/ 'niik, X'iiKi'Dliiis .\nnrz, 36, 96, 
 
 9S, Ks, 126, 12.S, 129, 130 
 ririlii., (ily iif. \.-'~, 
 I'i-a, j.ilin l\.i.|ii;,Mi-/ ..f, 272 
 
 I'lin.lia, (\!ii|;, IIS. >'(">, 121, I37, 
 
 1 (.S, 13.1. 14.1, 141), 17S 
 riinLliis J.iii.iiiiu >, 1I15, iSl, 345. 
 
 I'lilHt, J. .till, xxxvii. 
 
 I'liiiif, Alf.iiiMis ill', IS7 
 
 I'lilllikc MM, 131. 2ll2, 29(1 
 
 I'l.ntiK, 21)7, 3<),S, 31S 
 I'linina, 71 
 r.iiin', Kin^; iif, 34 
 ('..rill' isl.iii.l, 22. 34, 25s 
 I'lirii- |.i|i|i.i. iSi 
 
 s< 
 
 slli'. 
 
 1-nn.hi- 
 Irani 
 
 .i.'i'iuia, 340 
 
 1" 
 
 I'.irli.l^unia, 37 \ 
 
 I'litl.i Kit;i). XV. 
 
 r.iitniaririii' .\K..ns, lol, l')2, 195 
 
 l'|.llll^;al, .M.iti.ii ..f, 273, 341 
 
 r..itiit;al, l.inanml uf, IL. 37. 3'). 
 
 40 
 r.irnifjal, Mcnri.|iu' .if, 273 
 I'.irliiKal, J.ihaii .il, 12.), 271, 273, 
 
 274 
 r.irlnu.d, I.i'Wf- of, 37S 
 r..rliit;.>l, Kin^js.if, x\i., xxiii., xxv., 
 
 xwi , xxvii., xxix., xxx., I3. 4". 
 
 41, S4. 74- 12'), 25(1, 2(1 1. 21.7, 
 
 271), 271, 27!, -74. .Vt'^ .Vt'. .C'i. 
 
 374. 375. 370. 377. 37X. 3>*'.3.*i-!. 
 
 3«.'! 
 I'.irliis II.II1H. 112, 131;, 153, 177 
 l'..rliis ('aili.n:iiiis, 1(1(1 
 I'l.rliis l)(-.iiltraUis, 1.S8 
 I I'lirlns rial.v, 176 
 I'.irtiis KiKa!i>, 71, lo^, 
 riil.inihaim^, Kinj;, iS.^, 
 r..la-.-;a, 325 
 I'l.liwl.i, 330 
 l'.illiiir>.t, 300 
 I'.illi), ('liiac..n»-i, 120 
 r. .Izcliriiinia rivir, 323 
 I'c.will, William, xxxix., 
 I'.iyas ^^I'lDiH.i ni..\iiilain'-, 
 ^.lynin^,'~, .'^ii' .\. Irian, xlv. 
 I'../..n islan.l. 256 
 I'l.ijja, (ily "f, .<.•)! 
 I'l.ii.i, .MIiirMis ill', xiv. 
 
 1,'iiiiiiii Ki'tilc.n of, i;i 
 i,'iiin^.il, 2(j, S5. 3<'7 
 
 l.'lll.il.l, XXVMI. 
 
 (,>iiinlaiiilia, 341 
 (,iiiinlilian, xlviii. 
 (Jiiirl.Mic'taiia, 1 51), 1 51 
 l,)iiiiilia i..l.in.l, 19U 
 
 ".'"it". .US 
 (Jui/.iiiiia i.slan.l, 16(1, 
 
 "7 
 
 I7f. 
 194 
 
 43 
 )22, 323 
 
 Kaliiila, 341), 341 
 
 kaj;iisa, (ily nf, 330 
 
 Kaja, Calaiiar, Kinj;, 25.S 
 
 Unj.i, ('a|iiiaync, I2u 
 
 U.ija ('..laiiiliu, Kinj;, 255 
 
 K.tj.i I hiiii.ilittiin, Kin^, 257 
 
 K.ija .^aiil.ia, Kin^;, 2(0 
 
 kaja .'^ia(;ii, I'riiiii', 25i 
 
 Kaja Siripaila, Kin^;, 2S.S 
 
 l\.>ja .Siilian .Maii/ur, 259 
 
 Uaiii.inii>, I)') 
 
 UainU'.i.i, J. II., xiv., xv,, xx 
 
 KaM'. J.ilin, ^l 
 
 ka^lall, J.ilin, xx. 
 
 k.islall, M.isU-r, x\iii., xix. 
 
 k. 1^.1. ill S.Diianl, x\iii. 
 
 kaklill, xxxviii. 
 I kaM'iin.i, 314 
 j ka/aiiia, J.K) 
 1 ki'il sL'a, xxix., xlviii., 
 
 143, uSo, 2.S4, 285, 339, 346, 374 
 
 3S5 
 Kc^i.i ilacialianini, 32, 55 
 ke^;niiiii ( >i^ufin', 3S4 
 ktsan, (ily ..I, 2.)<J 
 Ki'\ ic, kf^iiin III, 168 
 kr/an, 324 
 Ur/in^i', 292, 3f)f) 
 klia ri\ir, 291, 292, 313, 329 
 UliapMi, 385 
 
 khiiie rivii, 56, 314, }f\}, 
 Khiiilcs, xii. 
 Uiliiia, li.Kl.ir, 272 
 kiihard I., Kin^;, xxvi. 
 kicliarti 11., Kin;:, xxxix. 
 
 7. M. .I I 
 
 i/.irrn, 
 
 I'I 
 
 riala rlwr. ^8. Ut 
 
 I'lal.i. xl., xiii 
 
 n'^- 34" 
 I'l.iip.-r. 3(18 
 rii'Miiuia, 2') 
 
 xlii 
 
 xlii 
 
 l<?S, 1 10 
 
 >M 
 
 olll 
 
 k 
 
 r.irl.i 
 
 riciip, 325 
 
 .ilin. 
 
 XX)., XXXll. 
 
 XXXV., 51. 339, 374. 3S4, 3S5 
 I'r.iiliis. ?i8 
 
 r 
 
 riiinrllu'ii 
 miti'diu^ 
 
 '^1 
 
 iS, 41, S3. 67 
 
 xUiii., 8. II, in, 14, 16. rru>sia, Ma^t.r ..f, 3fi,S, 319 
 
 2liS, 2 2 
 
 120, 133, 14.' 
 
 I'- 
 
 I'l.il.i 
 
 KintJ, 2S4 
 
 Ui.lliy, .\laslir, xviii. 
 
 Kina nvir, 287, 30,8, 312, 314 
 
 ki.i 1 lulic riwr, 3S1 
 
 kill (iramlc (Imt, 3.S0 
 
 <k-CI 
 
 iiiiira river, xv. 
 
 Ki.nlc lii^ I'lriliil.is river, 1 51, 156 
 1 river, xxxix., 54, 
 
 231, 2311, 24^, 248, 27S, 
 
 2S.I. 2SS 
 
 294. 2.17, 29S, jl/), 
 
 2.86, 
 
 310,311. 34.), 342, 347. 349. 3<'3. i I'lila.iaii \A.\m\, 258 
 
 2.84, 285, 2S9, 308, 313, 349, 3S4, 
 
 Kio lie la I'lal: 
 
 2S8, 33S, 343, 386 
 kill <le Ins I'liliis river 
 kiiiliiM, ivi 
 
 3^2 
 
 kii.i 
 
 |. lie. II niiiiinlains. 293, 324 
 
 3'^>4. .583. T*<4. 3^.i. 3'«J 
 Plumnier, 
 I'lulii, xlv 
 
 rii.iina'^, XVII. 
 i-. 14". 3.S5 
 
 rulisatlmites river, 25 
 
 j I'lirel: 
 i I'lire 
 
 I'., river, 133, 314, 363. 364 
 
 l'i»-ilii 
 
 I'll^iii.fe! 
 
 las, Saiiuie 
 n, 152 
 
 K 
 
 17S 
 
 iij;. 147 
 
 K 
 
 148, 162, I'lila, 88 
 1 
 
 322. 323 
 
 I r\r. Illy.' rut 
 
 r, wxiii. 
 
 '"i;"-a, 323 
 
 of, 162, 163 ' ryni', 11., XV, 
 
 I'liiassa river, 323 
 I'iila(;iia i^lainl, 344 
 I'l.leii, Kinj; nf, x\x., 31S 
 
 kielianl, \\v, 
 vriiiei niminlain, 5 \ 
 
 I'niiti: 
 xlv 
 
 .\iit;elii 
 
 I'lilii i'.lan.l, 256 
 I'l.l.i 
 
 iiaeiiniii*;, 
 
 I'.il.i 
 
 , Cli 
 314, 318, 326 
 
 xlii 
 
 129 
 
 I'liliinie, Kilt);, 2S6, 2.10, 318, 319 • (,)iiarer|iia, k 
 
 I 
 
 IMIiaijuras, xlvii., 215 
 I'ytliis, 49 
 
 (,>iiailrail.i C.iilf, 3J4 
 (,>iianil.>, Nii.ilasile, 345, 3.(6 
 (,)uarilia, 153 
 i (,)iiaiii|iia, Kill);, nS. '78 
 
 .if, 13.S, 130 
 
 pha^i 
 
 111. 
 
 si^ni, 120, 121 
 Nijjrinii, |i)i 
 in.'^n. 272 
 
 k 
 k 
 
 ki.lil.yli lliiuil, 5< 
 
 iiliilfe, l'!ail of, xKii. 
 
 kiiilaiiiiiii, 314 
 
 knilerieus Colinenaris, 113, 114, 
 
 1 15, 116, l|.;, 120, 122, 123 
 k."k's, 351 
 kiiiles, (Iran. I Ma^ter of llie, 374 
 
 k.xlr 
 
 .541 
 
 k.Klri(;iie/, J.ilin, 272 
 
 :x.|^;l■r^ 
 
 J I, 111 
 
 kiililaniis, Xiiiieiuis, 86, 87, 90 
 
 .•\ilr 
 ip. 
 
 I'l 
 
 .Me 
 
 up. 
 
 3'XJ 
 i.ler VI. (if, 37, 
 
 P. .1,1 
 I'.iliin 
 
 K 
 
 ..f, 31X 
 
 15, 26, 267, 3c/), 314 l',.l,i|/ko, 31 
 
 ie, Sii;isnuiiiile (if, 309, 319 
 
 (,)nal(air Tenipiira islaml, 15I 
 
 33S 74. 120, 201, 273, 274, 315 
 
 IVipe t'leiiieiu \ll., 308, 
 
 (.iilfdf, 82, 3(j8 
 
 I'.ilv 
 
 Persia, Kilit; nl, 2S4, jll, 319, 326 Pi 
 
 ]'( 
 
 i.les, 75 
 
 Ills, 41 
 iiiniu' 
 
 M.la, 346, 347, 34() 
 
 f,)iiaiiliUiiia, 338 
 <,>naxaia, 342 
 (.)\ieii.|niliasii, I'ily 
 
 3""). 347 
 
 24. 25 
 
 (,)iierai|iiieia island, fio, 157, 159 
 
 Pcince, Jdliii, 1(15, iSl, 3.15, },.\ij (Juicediis, Jiiliii, 123, 126 
 
 (Kielia (if, 71 
 kmne, Ciinsiil (if. xliv, 
 kdiiie, I'aiiperiiiir (.f, xxxii, 
 Kmiie, CiieH'iry, itialiiip uf, 56 
 
Rom« 
 
 Imic 
 
 Taquenazabo 
 
 407 
 
 I^imi', Iiiliui of, jcx) 
 
 Uimic, l.i'ii X. iif, (14, lort, loi), III, 
 
 ■ n, li.|, I J I, tJ5, lio, U7, I )o, 
 
 "U. lit. i.lt. Us. M". H7. 
 
 If). I-I'l. IS". IVt. lSf>, IS7. i:'i. 
 
 KiJ, Id). 1(14, |(>6, llj), 171), 17J, 
 
 174. 17.";. I7\ l«l. If*l, 1^5. i'^-n 
 
 ioS, ((19 
 Kiiiiie, Paul III. iif, 51, 5.S, 179 
 Kumi', I'iiii II. of, S, (), 41 
 Ko\ciiiia, City ol, j(jo, iyl, y»} 
 KoMil.iii.is, 2.S1J 
 Koslowf, HI 
 
 Koiiiii la, Sancia Maria, 69 
 Kiilili hii tlvtr, (22 
 Kill/, llarlli.iloini', 27] 
 Kni/, i'llir, 272, 274 
 Kuiniiio, Jaims, xvii. 
 Kiis'.ia, llasiliiH of, 2.S0, 2i)o, .V'>*<. 
 
 .t""*. .111. .(It. Jll>, J17. JI9. j.!". 
 
 J24, J2S, .;2() 
 Ku•.^i.^, laiiiuriiiir of, 2cjo 
 l(ii-.>iis. Town of, jiS 
 Km. John, xiv., .XV., xvi, 
 Kulluns! ('<inilaniiiiL', raptain of 
 
 I lie, 316 
 Kullicns, t'zar of ilu-, J19 
 
 .Salm, 8, jSj 
 
 .Saha, (Jmi-n of, 8, 374, j.Ss 
 
 Sal'oa, 121), .).Si 
 
 Sachion, ( ily of, 27 
 
 Sacrilicius; SairilicL', Ulamluf, 1S9, 
 
 102 
 Safalo, xxviii., 36 
 St .\iiilirosi-, II), ji'J 
 .St .Xmlri'W, 21H), 519 
 St .Ani;i-ll, I.uys ot, 341 
 St .Aiiloiiu: i^lalll^, 272, 273 
 .St .\iiliii', .Sk'Uiik', xliv. 
 St .\iij;ustinc, 10, I4», 165, 2l8, 23S, 
 
 JI5. 3»*. .!.)!< 
 St Aut;iistiiH',( a|n. of, 120. liS, 165, 
 
 iSi, i.S;,, 21.S, 250, 273, 33S 
 Si liiiuilirt, 3(j6 
 St licrnarcli i^lamls, idl 
 St Calli.iiim', <'.i>tlr of, ,S4 
 St ('llri^lo|llu•r, (uilil ininf of, 105 
 St CliiUlov.il, M.iiiil .if, 210 
 St Clare [,/<.//•/..;/_///<• .■;; «;,r,/,v|, 
 
 251 
 
 St Co^llllK, 310 
 
 St Cm/ islaii.ls 30, 130, 150, l.SS 
 
 St Cyrilliis, 315 
 
 St Domingo, \v., 45, .S», S4, 130, 
 
 154, KiS, 1(19. 170, 171), 209, 211), 
 
 213, 2.to, 33.S, 34(, 
 St l)iin>.lan\ parisli, xlviii. 
 St I'raiuis, 130, 176, 19.S, 240, 341 
 St (;i'or^;c', xxxi,, 39. 325 
 St (ierinaiii. Town ol, viv. 
 .St (urnialn, ll.iy of, xv. 
 St Cirii^ory, 31 5 
 St lltlen [i/iv //7i .1/ y/; <• on ;//<;,./.], 
 
 251 
 St lli-ricus, 305 
 St JaiiiiN, xx\iii., 10, iSi) 
 St Janirs islaiiil, xxviii., 97, 1S6, 
 
 261, 262 
 St Janus, Casllo of, 36, S4 
 St Jcr.imu, 195, 33S 
 St John, (Jiill of, 194 
 St John, Port, 192 
 St John's islaml, xv., 45, 104, 1^0, 
 
 ■55. iSy. '73. 17H. i'". 21 J. 
 241 
 
 .St John's harhour, xiii., xiv., xv., 
 
 192 
 St J.ihii of JirusaKni, Kir(jhts of, 
 
 xii. 
 St Julian, IVrt, 252 
 
 St I.a/aro, .\ri In pil.ijjo ili, 254 
 
 St I a/aius, 1S7 
 
 St l.i>iiriiUL' \i.{,, AfiiJ,i^,iM,ii\, I»- 
 
 lati.l of, 2X5 
 SI l..>;i.r, xiv. 
 St laic.i, or l.ui-.ir. ilc llarrnincdn, 
 
 157, 210, 2(12 
 St l.uiMs ( iuilil at Anlwvrp, xxv. 
 St .Maria /\nli(;ua, NI.mi.I of, JO, 
 
 fi9. no, 134, 1113, |f)8, 207, J18, 
 
 J2(>, 22<i, 2 jd, 23S 
 St .Maria Koiunil, Islaml of, 30, fii) 
 Si Mari.i elf Crati.i, M.iml uf, J38 
 M Miiiiia, |()<> 
 St Martha, IV). M7 
 St Marlinus, Isl'.ml of, 30, 69 
 SI .Mirvc .if Mioi'.li^, 77, 240 
 St M.itilKi, Kl■^;ion of, 112, 132, 
 
 1,15 
 
 St MiihuTs (iulf, 54, 140, 11)2, 
 1115, 1S2, iSj, 214 
 I .Si NiLiila.s [,li\ii iiiii Jhy on mii'/'\, 
 I 2|;o 
 
 St Nii-olas i-.lanil, 375, 37(> 
 
 St Xitolas, port of, 75, '7S 
 
 St Paul, 7, II, 5S, 5'i', J04, 201 
 i St Piiir, 130, 2113, 204, 2V>. 290 
 I St Koniayiu', Towur of, 22U 
 
 S( Sfrtjius, 291 
 ' St Sophia, 314 
 
 St Sli veil, I4S 
 
 St Thonias, xxi\, xxx., xxxiv.-vi., 
 74, 70, S<), 250 
 
 St riionias, Kliii.l of, 250, 270 
 
 St i'hoiiias T.iwer, 31, 74, 71^, 80 
 
 St Viiieenl, Capi', 250 
 
 St Vincent, Ilarlxair of, jSl 
 
 Salaye, 1 )r Sanclio, 272 
 
 Saleiio, Monsieur lie, xlvll. 
 
 Salla, i'orl, 37.1 
 
 Salsliurj;, Canliiial of, 24, 247, 24S 
 
 Salvaleri.i, I 70 
 
 Snniano, Jiilyaii, 346 
 
 .Siinareamlia, 31 1 
 
 Samson, xlvii. 
 '. .Sainnia, I'own of, 3S1, 3S3 
 
 .Sanim.iieiia, *I"own of, 3.SJ 
 
 S;inio(,-eils, The, in 
 
 .Saniot.ir, 20 
 
 Sainotra [/..■., Siimalia\, 7, 21, 22, 
 
 i ii, J44 
 
 Sanina, Town of, 3S1, 3S3 
 ! Sanaiiliiii isl.iiul, 272 
 
 Sanela Cruee, xiii., xx., 30, 40, 130, 
 I.SS 
 
 Sanela Fee, 311 
 
 Sanilers, lll.iise, xli. 
 
 S.in^^ueiKii, 2s7 
 
 San Juan isl.iml, xv. 
 
 S.ir.i^.issa, xxxviii.-ix., 247 
 
 Sanlinia, 56 
 
 Sariloniea, 284 
 
 Sariliis. i6j 
 
 Snrinatia. 1711. 2S4, 291, 295, 2i>''. 
 308, 311, 3i.(, 320, 347 
 ' Sarnialians, 155, 3UI, 310 
 
 .Saliirnia, Ucyion of, 157, 15.S, 160, 
 
 l<>,? 
 I .Sauuilers, Laurcnie, xxxix. 
 ; Sava, l ily of, 374 
 
 Savoy, The .M.ister of llie, xliii. 
 
 Sawolhenses, The, 327. 329 
 
 Saxojjramnialicus, 31x3 
 
 Saxony, I luke of, 36O 
 
 Sho/zi'i, 368 
 
 Seanilia, 298 
 
 Scanilinavia, 29S, 347 
 
 Searense, lli^hop ol, 31) 
 1 Seliarul/iek, City (jf, J29 
 I Scliar.iiu, 329 
 i .Stliat river, 325 
 
 Sella- o, 3S1 
 
 Sehieliniaiiiai, J29 
 
 Sihiil.i. k, ?2i| 
 
 Sihio, 30f), 31.8 
 
 Sehon.l.inia, Re;;ioii ..f, 2'iS 
 
 Selioii.liiiniareliia. Kejjioii, 2iy8 
 
 Selavoni.i, 2<lii. 31)11 
 
 Selavon>, 2i)i>, 31K1, 315, 31S, 319 
 
 Senilis, Joliii, 3(5 
 
 Seoniliiia ■■.l.iinU, li/i, 107 
 
 Seoinl a, Ki^;iiin of, ;9J, 29S, 290, 
 
 .lo-'. .i"5, JIJ 
 S,-.i,.a, 51 
 Sei ria, Kinn, 183 
 Seiiluni Calelia l-lanl, I35 
 Si«ir>ki, 325 
 Seylliia, 15?, 2.S9. 2'll, 292, 297. 
 
 31x1, 3111, 312, 313. 3'". U7. I'M 
 Sea, .\iiniiral of the nie.it t le. an, J9. 
 
 .tS. '>7. 7'). 'H 
 Seliaslian, Jolui, 271, 272 
 Sejiovja, 12(1. 127 
 Niina, Capreaiisis lie, 137 
 Selaiii lsl.111,1, 34 
 Seleiieus .Niiaimr, S, 6t 
 Selle, xiv. 
 
 .•silyimis. Prime, 31 1 
 Seni, 340 
 
 Seiunoi Pnva- miiiinlairi>, 32^ 
 Seneca, .\V.\ (.7, 337, Si) 
 Selle^.l liver, 2S0 
 SelKKll river, 132. 374, 38 > 
 Sei|iieryr.1, Dienyo l.ope/ of, 272, 
 
 273 
 Seiiannvis, Johannes, 34, 157, itjo 
 Serena, 274 
 Seres, 07 
 .Seipolluwl/.l, 323 
 
 Serra .\e\.ita uiountains, loS, iCk) 
 Serraniis, Johannes, 34. 157, l'm.258 
 Serrilioiia \Miirra l.,vni\, 39, 250 
 .■sesoslris, 2.S.f 
 Sesoslris, Kin(,', 2S4 
 Se-.ponow ea-lie, ^1^ 
 Sesl river, 321 
 Se>lau i..l.in'l. 192 
 .Sesto river, xvi,, 376, 3S1 
 Selelios, 252 
 
 Sette Cilia, Kiiij;iliini. 2.S7 
 .Seville, xiv., \\i., xl., 50, (i2, 21", 
 
 246, 250, 2i,i, 2.SS, 3JS, 342, 3.(5, 
 
 348 
 Sfii/a .Xscanius, fij, (iS, 103, 127 
 Sliava, 3S1 
 .s|llw■^;ro, 3S1 
 Sliyawf, 3SI 
 
 Sian, Zaeahe.lera Kiiij; of, 2f<o 
 Siaiifu, City of, 26 
 Sillier, Prouinee of, ^ii), 329 
 Siljul liver, \2\ 
 Siliylla Krylliyien, 133 
 Sieeeiisis, .Nieolau-, ^i.*) 
 Sifo inlaiiil, 260 
 Sieili, Ismail, 20(t 
 SiL;isiminihis l.ilierius, 298, 312, 31S 
 .Si^iu-ra, l''ranci>co ile, 378 
 Siloli islaiiil, 34 
 Silver of Kevii, 2.SS, 343 
 Silviiis Panilonu-^, 133 
 ^illll>ni(tt's, 41 
 
 Siiia, Kin.lKoni of, 32. 313, 3.(4 
 Siniini Penliluriini, Point, 155 
 Sinus .\i alliens, 13 
 Sinus I'iiinoiiieus, 306 
 Sinus Magnus, 24.S 
 Sinus IVrsicus, 20, 32, 41, 82 
 Smilli, .Sir T., xxxvil., xlii., \lv. 
 Siiioleiise, 21)1), 291 
 .Sin. Mioplior.i. 3S5 
 .Solmroviiis, (le.irj^e, 316 
 Sofa, I.upus, 199 
 
 17. 
 
 229, 
 
 -•57. 
 
 51. 
 
 •73. 
 
 :S9. 
 
 .Siilimis Juliiis, 16, 5f), t jS, 3.(1), 547, 
 
 J8.I 
 Solo jslaiiil, u 
 Siilowki isLiml, 321 
 Soly.ius, Joliaiiiii'-, |S| 
 "MiMlilli V lll,l;.;e, iSi) 
 
 Siiiia islaiiils,'347, 34S, 3S7 
 
 Sossa river, ^il, 
 
 Solo, h'enlinanilo ile, jio 
 
 Spai'heforil, Thomas, xiii. 
 
 SpaiiiHi.in, 39 
 
 Spat;iiiiola isi.m.l, loO, 2li"> 
 
 .Spain. I'.iiipenir Clinks \'., ),: 
 
 63, 2l).Sl4,2IO, 223.225, 22'i. 
 2.\\>>, 238. 2.(1), 24(i-.S, 251;. 
 259, 271 4, 27S, 2S7, 343, 
 
 350. .V>3 
 Spain, I'.iiipei'or Phillip, 5(, 
 
 31" 
 Sp.iiiaiii, ^^(l 
 Spilelise .\lverailo, I92 
 .Sperantia ci-lle, .S4 
 Spiriiistome.i, 98 
 Spiee i«l mils, 2)3, 2(7, 271, 
 
 274. 2.SM, 3k" 
 .Spinosa, ( l.isp.r, |S j 
 Stanmoisilie, kij^imi of, 322 
 Steven, llys-lmp, 293. 32} 
 Stoiilum. 143 
 Slora, 374 
 Straho, 111, 56, 2S(. 2S.(, 2'<5. 
 
 29". i<'\ 34". jl'J 
 Slr.iva, 30S 
 Sliel/e, 322 
 >lrul) islaiiil, 32 ( 
 .Str«eopliaj;i, 3S5 
 St/iieliot;ora rivu, \li 
 .Siiliiilli, Kiii^ 1.1, 34 
 Sueraiia rivi 1, 2.No, 312, },ll, 3;| 
 Sueliana ir.er, \ii 
 .*suelnir, Provinie, 27 
 Siielia, 299, 3111, 31)4 1 1, 311, ',12, 
 
 3 1". 3.t". .ijl 
 Siievia, Kiii^' of, 9, 280, 3111, 3 .9, 
 
 3<'«. 347 
 Sue/, 13, 284, 2S5 
 Sulai'ho islaiil, 200 
 Sum lira, 7, 12, 20, 21. ,', !2. 2:il, 
 
 2(17,- 272-4. 344 
 .Snmaira, Kiiij^s ..f, 22 
 Siimliil iskiinl, l\i 
 Siiiiiiileros, 155 
 Sura liver, 31 ( 
 Sun iiiin liver, 314 
 SiLs, 374 
 
 Sussev, l.arl of, xxxix. 
 Sustali, 21K) 
 Sulloii, iMlw.ir.l, 42 
 
 'ralHi(;a islaml, 233 
 TaUir, Kii.;;, 182 
 
 Tacaieipii .'Vl.ir(;arila islaii.l, 511, 233 
 Taeli.ila, 3.(4 
 raeliol.i. I ily of, ;(.} 
 Taeliniii ivvir, ^2^ 
 i'ailiiisu. City III, 24 
 ra(;liima isLiml, 259 
 Taia, l<ej;ion of, 150 
 I'ainsii, Kin^iloni of, 25 
 I'aisiier, John, xliii.-vi. 
 lalvera, i'lTilinaii'l of, 341 
 'I'amliurl.ine, 31 1 
 TaiLi^ora, xxix. 
 Tiinais, 133, 155, 291-3, 207. 30^. 
 
 310, 311,314, 3''J. 321.324. 325, 
 
 327. 34^' 
 raii^;iil, Ui-niiiii of, 12, 2(>. 27 
 Tapi.l, I'r.liu isio lie, xv. 
 Tapohaiia |C,|v',i«|, 12, 21, 22, J2, 
 
 41, 143, 180, 261, 28(1, 3(4 
 rai|ucna/al»i, Keyion of, 1119, 
 
4oR 
 
 Taracuru 
 
 Iihicx, 
 
 Zulan 
 
 
 
 I If V f 
 
 i 
 
 'arnciiru, Kinj;, |.S> 
 ';iraiii|iii, JI.|, 'ji 
 .iti'liuiii.in, Kiiil;, 'id 
 ;\iti,.iU' i-Liiiil, ."51), J'Ki ' 
 
 llliavMlir, 12, 211, 21, J2 
 
 iUIMiy, 12, 24, 20, ill, 2X6, 2S7, 
 
 2.S1), 21^1, 21)2, .i<i«i, ' t.|4, j.S; 
 ail.itv, .\l.iiliiiiit(;iiii, Kiln; "f> 
 
 .lUli^ilml, City iif, (1 1, ^14 
 'I'.irl.iis, 2S(), 2.S7, 2Sy, 2'Ki 2, .5<il, 
 
 .iin.i4, ji(,, ji,,, ■_■(,, ...;, ,,, 
 
 T.iiiiM, Jiili.innis ill', 157 
 
 'laiiii.i, SiniMii cl,-, 272' 
 
 ■| a\iii,iiu^, Kiiii;, \'\\ 
 
 'I ra'iliii, Kiiiy, 14 ;, 14(1 
 
 IVi.lo, J74 
 
 T I lui'.iic, (74 
 
 'IViia<l|i i>l.iiii|. (44 
 
 'ri'ii'lllla, ( oiini nl, int 
 
 'rnKiiHc Ul.iiul'-, 41, nil, 1^7. 2,0, 
 
 2.S0 
 
 iiurissa, \ili., 41, (So 
 
 Viuluiii i>l.inil, 2(xj 
 
 .111/, (74 
 
 liiiMclaii, lily iif, 57, 2S-, j(2 
 
 Vniiiliis, 274 
 
 i.'i|iiin,is 21 K 
 
 I'raMciui i-laii'l, 214 
 
 i-irciia, (44, (4.S 
 
 Vrra llanali-aruiii, 242 2S7 
 
 irra lliiliiiuini, 2S7, 2.SS 
 
 iria lit- l,ali..iailiir, 2S7 
 
 rna \'iri.li>, 2i)i| 
 
 Vrra l|..iiila, (2, yS. 57 
 
 i:lla ik' ra|.,iK:>lli, 25J 
 
 oiliii rivrr, ,(<)(, (O4 
 
 liaraiil i^lallll, (5 
 
 'llCllli~>'U!)ilu, (I I 
 
 llcmliu i-l.lllil, (5 
 
 hfiHliivia, I iilmi) iif, (I I 
 
 hinphia-lii-., S. JJS, .(4'> 
 
 tlirOklN, I,, Vi\, 
 
 li-iinv, iv., \iii,, \i\., \vi, 
 
 hiiriK-, K., x\ i. 
 
 Iiiiiiis Ml. »\>i. 
 
 liylc, \m\A nf, (OCl, _}(/ 
 
 I lllolilllil MM, (04 
 
 ilii. kin^, 1411, 151 
 
 I. lull Mlla,^!', I2J 
 
 aiilHHi loUiiil, tffi 
 
 iiliiri- ihliiitilx, 2}<i, ite, 162, 2724, 
 
 .M« 
 
 una ftiiMic, \v, 
 
 i(;lir, \Ui, 
 
 iiiiiir islaiiil, 261S, i(\\, li'if 
 
 infill, ( iiy of, ^4 
 
 iriiiitiii nuT, 172 
 
 iiu>l vill.i(;c, IC17 
 
 1.1 .11, 't'liiiiiMo, \iii. 
 
 ikI.ix S.uutiis i>laiiil-, 177 
 
 iiNlukll, J22 
 
 i.r.i, 27 J 
 
 iiiiiiiii^'ii, Kill)', 1S2 
 
 i.iil.is, Kinu, ji j 
 
 iiy, K., \ii., x\x»ii., x\»i\,, (KS, 
 
 rnii-'ylv.iiiiix, Maxunili.iii, 247, 241, 
 2(ll 
 
 rl■ll•ll^in, t iiy nf, J74 
 
 iiiiiiMii, .(74 J 
 
 ri|iMjinli> ( ajif, j.Si j | 
 
 I ii|"'li. .!74 
 
 Tiiiilu-it.i rivrr, yn, jo6 
 'rnilliaiii vilLn;r, (04 
 T'.iVi', .M.iiUi, xviii. 
 I'liiklirlil, .\laxlir, wiii, 
 TuMa, (iiy nl, (24 
 Tuiniri ii>, Kin^ uC, 140-2, I78 
 ^lllnal'l'll^, Kr^iiiii uf, 140 
 I uiiianaina, Kiii^' of, 1 17, I47, 
 
 I4.S, l':2, •(,( 
 Tiiiiiaii una, Ui^iiiiiiif Ifi2, l(i( 
 I uniiti, CaMli- iif, ,i2(, .(24, (2c 
 riunrii>ki, Kill); III i iiiiu'Ii, J24 
 riiniiiti). Kiii)^, :ifj 
 TuMii, Kiii^. 1 |ii 
 Tuiul) vill.i^f, i.S_{ 
 Tumi, lily nf, 314 
 Tyiiiia, lOU 
 
 L'llall. Xichiilas. xxxviii. 
 I'liiri.i, Jio 
 
 rii.iii.i, {70, i7i 
 
 I In.i, li)i 
 
 ll)s.v>, 1.(5. ,\.\S 
 
 I'liiliria, i'rtiux ilr. Ill, 112 
 
 I lufriilc, >i( 
 
 riiKiritii. Kill); nf, XXX. 
 
 I iiili'il Malix, XV. 
 
 l|.|.a riv.r. (25 
 
 I |i.a'a, .Viililiiilimi nf ((<!, (47 
 
 I'liMiliilisis, 2CJ5 
 
 IMIia, l»7, liiS, |iM|. I III, III, 1 1 (. 
 114, llN, I HI, 12 (. I J.S, I (u. I (I, 
 1.(2, 1.(4, I4.i, IS", I.SS. II'-'. IKJ. 
 
 iSo, 11)2, |i|S, 1i)i_|, 2I.S, i2'J 
 
 I'caLlia, 2(0, 2(4 
 
 l'l>r, M. il.-, xliv. 
 
 t'l.'liniin, I'lii'i Kill's, 324 
 
 I Mia rivir, 322 
 
 l\liii);, I'ily.if, 2St., (12, (22, .(25 
 
 I ■^lill);a, liiMii nf, 2<.».(. JIJ 
 
 r>l)U);, .(12 
 
 L'llriMiii, Mr, xxvi. 
 
 Vailiamis, 56 
 
 \ .i);i.niiiiia, iiu, 100 
 
 \ a);ii-. riiiM, .(I.S 
 
 \,i|il. s, l,..li/.ll.l 
 
 I Kii'.l.t, XXXV 11. 
 Valiliiiia, IIS. I U>i 
 
 I2(, l<)2, 1 1,1 J 
 Valriilia, l<K> 
 \ .ill.ii iiiii, .114 
 
 \ .lll.ulni. III. xlv., 
 \ llli'MII., II1.5, IS 
 
 V .uiiiiuciii, |liiili);ui 
 .15J. ,ii<' 
 
 S.llln, Man MS 3.|l) 
 
 \ a-.. Ii.i Niiiiiu'/ .11' liill'i.n. 61, ll.(, 
 114, 11;, III), 12", 121, 122, 125. 
 
 I (1. IJ7. If*, i.l'i, 14". III. I I.*. 
 'I.i. Ill' I4> Ml'. U7. 11^' 'VI. 
 US, 151., II12, 11.5, i;S, lyS, lyv, 
 
 Va«ilivi.li, li.liii hiiUr >if, .(2fi 
 
 X'aitiiii-H, ( .i|iiaiii I'raiiti.'M'ii, 2H7 
 
 \'as»y, xliii. 
 
 V.isiial, (04 
 
 \ .itii.iiu', ■' hi', uxi, 309 
 
 \c, i.lii.i.lnrn, 2.S7 
 
 Vi'cn, I iiiiaii'ln lie c/) 
 
 Vi'IiiM|Ui'li, Oii'ijUn, lUd, I.'i7, KK), 
 
 •95 
 
 i'nla«|ucn, jnhn, 192 
 ^'fnil.'niic, I'laiu'iii-. lit', xliv. 
 
 Va 
 Vi 
 
 N'ciuliis, .Marrus r.iiijiis, 2;, 
 
 I'i'lll.illik'/ 
 II''*. Ill), 
 
 122 
 
 I3.S. H7. UJ. »74 
 
 , |S( 
 
 >«x\ii.,xlvi. 
 
 ,<•!<'. .!.v". J.)'». .141' 
 era, I'driis itc, 05 
 crn/zano, xv. 
 iri', K.luard, xxxvii. 
 
 iliu-., ;\., xxxvii. 
 I'sjiasian, Kiii|.riiiiir, 20.S, 342 
 
 '!<|illiri, .\lmii);ii, xxv., (7, J.S, 31), 
 
 i'»7. '.14. 157. ".SN 275, 277 
 
 l'>|lllc'ills, Jnli.ilUU's, 127, 157 
 
 iilm, 31XJ 
 iatra, ( iiy nf, 2QI 
 ilna, 153 
 
 i.'cii«a, 247 
 
 icliiria, Inwn nf, 104 
 iilai.iuilc'l liailrt's, xli\., xlv., xlvi. 
 
 xlviii. 
 
 iui'iuiiia, 3fi.S 
 ilna, I iiy nf, 314 
 ili.'iiniia, 17(1 
 
 Ha Kuta, i.Ki 
 
 illi'^as, I'llrr Kiiiit nf, 272. 274 
 iiu'ciilina rivir, ,()(>, 3>i,S 
 iiicviil ills, 36,911,98, IU5, 120, I2.S, 
 
 129, 130 
 
 inri-iiliiis, AjJIU's 10;, 12S, 129 
 i'lri'iiliui, AiilK'/, 121', I2.S, 129, 
 
 "1" 
 iiut-n/a, (iiy nf 2411 
 
 uKil, II, 5". 91. 1. 15. -79. 2yS 
 islia, ! ily ..f, 3()() 
 i'«:linra river, 325 
 
 iv.-n, lll'>|inp nf, 34I 
 
 ilry, xlv. 
 
 il/ivliila rivir, 325 
 
 nialcraiii', 2.S.), 21K) 
 
 nlua river, 2i)l, 292, 2')(, (lA, 
 
 ■i". .!"■!. .11.1. .IM. i"5. J!i. 
 
 325, ,\1(>, ii\ (2.A 331 
 nlltaiu liver, 2\t^ 
 nliM'liil.i river, 2.Si' 
 ■ il.iileiiiaiia, ( ily nf, 2.|l, 309, 
 
 JI4 
 
 iilnicliin, 3o<) 
 
 I'llll, (ily nf, 21JO 
 
 mil liver, 135, 153 
 
 iia n\ei, in 
 
 11. 1);.! iivir, \J1 
 
 iiaiei't/knai si-a, (19 
 
 ILllei/knle M..lii- -.e.l, 312 
 
 iii.illika. 32(1, 32!i 
 
 mini, 312 
 
 uinl.iii.lia, 319 
 
 iiiUi'skii, 312 
 
 iinln. hil.a, 312, 32;, (25, )i(i,. 
 
 J.M 
 
 mil iiii liter 319 
 iinliHlihiariii., 319 
 unink, Uike, 319 
 
 \V.iili', Ariiii);il, xviii. 
 
 H'aile, William, xviii, 
 
 \Varan);i'i In ml, 21MI 
 
 Wnrillius, ( aslle nl, 2")<), 302, 303, 
 
 MH. .V'S' lil 
 W.lliliie, 2.») 
 Wai.l.iilimi-, 21)9 
 Warwiek, l.ailnf, xxx\iii. 
 WalMiii, I liniiiaH, xl., xlv. 
 \Vey>/nieli mniinlniii, 3()u 
 \\ lialley, Kieli.ii.l, xliv. 
 
 Whnlly, Thnnia'i, xliv, 
 
 Wliilcnnie, K.');er, xii. 
 
 While kiKsia, (nl, 302, 31 1 
 
 W ii'ke.N, M.isUT, xviii. 
 
 Wille-, Uitliaril, xii., xKiii. 
 
 \\ iUiaillMill, Jnllll, xvii. 
 
 W illiiii);liliy. Sir llii);li, xxxviii , 
 
 xxxix., 51), .(33, 3,(4 
 Wiiulieili r, lii-liii|i 111, xxxvii., xl., 
 
 xlv. 
 Wiiiier, Sir W., xlvi., xlviii. 
 WiiKey, (animal, xiv, 
 Wri);lil, .\la>ler, xviii, 
 Wrnlli, .Sir riininas, xix. 
 Wyiiilaiii, ('a|il.ui), xix., xxxviii., 
 
 375. .17«'. .177 
 Wyiilcrlnii Nes-., xii, 
 
 .Xaee.K'i river, 170 
 \a);ua, Ki);inii nl, iIjS 
 A.i);iia).ii.ii.i, Ki);iiiii III, 153 
 .Xam.ui.i, l<e);iiiii III, 711, lO), 170 
 X.ira);i|., Ki);inii 111, S3, .S4, Sj, S6, 
 
 IIk), 170 
 Xeiieimii, (ily nf, 0^ 
 NeiM's, 51) 
 
 XiiiieiuK Unl'laiius, S(), S7, ">> 
 Xuare/:, reliii-, I30 
 
 Va);iiaiia, Ut');iiiii nf, i(>t) 
 
 S a)'llilln, Ue);inll nf, I7I1 
 
 \ i.uiiirn.i liver, )7() 
 
 N iiii/ui ililuliaiiiii IIK iinlain, lfi9 
 
 \ nrke, Sir Jnllll, xix., ^Hi 
 
 Viitalaii, (li, 338 
 
 S'iicaln>, 23.S 
 
 /aialieilera, 260 
 /a);alliei, 31 1 
 /.iIiiiihI.hI.'i.is, 155 
 
 /.nil ll isl.Ull, 254, 2lK\ 
 
 /aiiiaia i-.lain', ^i 
 
 /.inialra, 274 
 
 /.ininli 1 i-lainl, 273 
 
 /.aiiiiiiliii~, 115, nil, 122, 126 
 
 /.aii/iliar ixLiinl, j\ 
 
 /.iii/iliar. Kill); ..I, i\ 
 
 /ar.iii , .\ii);ti.liii lie, xxxix, 
 
 /asi.i, XX. 
 
 /auaiia, Ke(;inii nf, 14S, iim, 173, 
 
 170, 212 
 /avl.iii ii.laii.1, 20 
 /elieilux, 10 
 
 Zellain isl.uiil, 2(i|, 2fi5, 2(l(i, 2f>7 
 /.eilmi isl.unl, 251) 
 /'.laiiile isl.iinl, 214 
 /.e:ielc, Maniiiisse nf, 214 
 /emi. Ki');inii nl, 15S 
 Arlii jslaiiil, 374 
 /ereiiia, I.So 
 /^i);leiiis, ;.i4, 2<)5, !<)•) 
 /i.lii.li.' iivei, 135 
 /..l.ial.i, 153 
 /olini III river, 1 53 
 /nil) l-liil.l, 259 
 /ninl iilall , 2(H> 
 /nriiliiia islainl, 21K) 
 ZuImI islaml, 250, 257, 2jS, 272 
 /iiliiil. Kill); III, 25,0, 257 
 /.ili.i, I'liiiee, 25N 
 /.iilan iklaml, 254 
 
 /'</»//.•./ /•J' /iini/'.i// C" .S>ii> ', /\Mn/'iiixA. 
 
I. 
 
 pi, JII 
 
 i. 
 
 , xlviii, 
 
 .ii. 
 
 I1114I1, xxxviii , 
 
 iif, xwvii., xl.| 
 
 , \Klii. 
 
 SIX. 
 
 M\., y.\\\\\\., 
 
 jS 
 
 "1. 15.1 
 
 70, ii).i, 170 
 
 Sj, S.|, N,, SO. 
 
 5 
 
 86, S7, 90 
 
 i lf'9 
 170 
 
 II iiiilain, iff) 
 
 Hi, l-'Ci 
 
 vwix. 
 
 I (S, I'i'i. 171, 
 
 .5, ;(.(,, .V.7 
 
 if, J 14 
 
 8 
 
 '■')<) 
 
 57. 35S. i72 
 
 r^