IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 'fe- ^^ ^ V s 4^ 1.0 1.1 liiiM 12.5 Z U£ 12.0 IL25 II 1.4 m NJ4I 1.6 Photographic ^Sdaices Corporation 13 WIST MAIN STRIIT WIUTIi.N.Y. MSM (7l*)l79-4t01 ^ s\^ %^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CiHIVI/iCMH ion de Canadian Inatituta for Hiatorical Microraproductiona / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductiona hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notaa/Notas tachniquaa at bibliographiquaa Tha Inatituta haa attamptad to obtain tha baat original copy availabia for filming. Faaturaa of thia copy which may ba bibliographicaily uniqua, which may altar any of tha imagaa in tha raproduction. or which may significantly changa tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. □ Colourad covara/ Couvartura da coulaur r^ Covara damagad/ n a D D D Couvartura andommagAa Covara raatorad and/or laminatad/ Couvartura raatauria at/ou palliculAa [~~| Covar titia miasing/ La titra da couvartura manqua □ Colourad mapa/ Cartaa gtographiquaa wn coulaur Colourad ink (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ Encra da coulaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) r~~| Colourad plataa and/or illuatrationa/ Planchaa at/ou illuatrationa an coulaur Bound with othar matariai/ RalM avac d'autraa documanta Tight binding may cauaa shadowa or diatortion along intarior mutqin/ La f liura tarria paut eauaar da I'ombra ou da la diatoraion la k>ng da la marga IntAriaura Blank laavaa addad during raatoration may appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar poaaibla. thaaa hava baan omittad from filming/ II aa paut qua cartainaa pagaa blanchaa aJoutAaa hira d'una raatauration apparaiaaant dana la taxta. mala, loraqua eala Atait poaaibla. eaa pagaa n'ont paa «ti film4aa. Tha tot L'Inatitut a microfilm* la maillaur axampiaira qu'il lui a it* poaaibla da sa procurer. Las details da cat axampiaira qui sont paut-itra uniquas du point da vua bibliographiqua. qui pauvant modifier una image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dana ia mithoda normala de fiimage sont indiquis ci-deaaoua. |~n Coloured pagaa/ n Pagaa da coulaur Pagaa damaged/ Pagaa andommagAea Pagaa raatorad and/oi Pagaa reatauriaa at/ou pailicuiiea Pagaa discoloured, stamed or foxe« Pagaa dicolorias. tachatias ou piquiaa Pagaa detached/ Pagaa ditachias ry\ Pagaa damaged/ p~| Pagaa raatorad and/or laminated/ r~7] Pagaa discoloured, stamed or foxed/ pn Pagaa detached/ Tha poa oft film Orij bag tha aior otb firat aior or 11 r~n\ Showthrough/ Tranaparance □ Quality of print variaa/ Qualit* inigala de I'impreaaion □ Ineludaa supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplimantaira □ Only edition available/ Seuie Mition diaponible The aha TIN whi diff rig» raq Pagaa wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissuaa. etc.. have been refilmed to enaura the beat possible image/ Lea pagea totaiement ou partiailement obacurciaa par un fauillet d'errata. una paiure. etc.. ont it* filmies i nouveau da fa^on * obtanir la maiileure image poaaibla. r~71 Additional eommanta:/ (Printed sphsmsra] 1 ihsat (vsno Wank) Commantairea supplimantairaa; Thia item ia filmed at tha reduction ratio cheeked below/ Ce document eat film* au taux da riduetion indiqu* ei*daaaeua. 10X 14X liX 22X MX 30X J 12X 1BX aox a4x nx 32X TiM copy filmMl hani has Imwi raproducMl thanks to tho gonorosity of: Library of tha Public Archives of Canada L'axamplaira fHm4 fut raproduit grioa i ia gAnAroaiti da: La bibiiothiqua das Archivaa publiquaa du Canada Tha imagaa appearing hara ara tha baat quality poaalbia conaidaring tha condition and iagiblNty of tha original copy and In kaaping with tha filming contract spacif icationa. Laa imagaa suhrantaa ont 4t* raproduitas avac la plua grand soin, compta tanu da la condKlon at da ia nattati da l'axamplaira film*, at an conformity avac las conditions du contrat da fllmaga. Original copkM in printed papar covars ara fllmad beginning with the front cover and ending on the laat page with a printed or liiuetratad impree- sion, or the beck cover when epproprlate. AH otiter originei copiea are filmed beginning on the first pege with e printed or illustrated Impree- sion. end ending on tlie leet pege with e printed or illustrated impreaalon. Tha laat recorded frame on eech microflclie sliali contain ttie symbol -^ (meening "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meening "END"), whichever epplles. Lee exemplairea originaux dont ie couverture en pepier eat ImprimAe aont filmis en commenpant par la premier plet et en terminent aoit par ie dernMre pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impreealon ou dlHustration. soit par Ie second plet, seton Ie ces. Taus lee autras exemplelres orlgineux sent filmAs en commen^ant par la premMre pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impreealon ou d'INuatratlon et en terminent per la damlAre pege qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dec symiHrfae auivanta apparaltra sur la dernMre Imege de cheque microfiche, selon Ie ces: Ie symbole ^ signlfie "A 8UIVRE", Ie symbole ▼ signlfie "HN". Meps. plataa. charts, etc.. mey be filmed et different reduction retios. Those too lerge to be entirely Included in one exposure ere filmed beginning ki the upper left hend comer, left to right end top to bottom, es meny frames es rsquired. The following diegrems iilustrste the method: Lee certes, pienches. taMeeux. etc.. peuvent itre filmte i das taux de rMuetton dlffirenta. Loraque la document eat trap grand pour ttre reprodult en un aaui clich*. 11 eat film* * partir da i'angia supMeur gauche, de gauche * drohe. et de hieut en bee. en prenent ie nombre d'imagee n*ceaaalre. Lee diegrammes suhrants illustrant ia mAthoda. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 |U o.vr r/ . BEST PROPORTION OF FLUE AND GRATE AREA IN LOCOMOTIVES. The following questions refer to boilers using bituminous coal. 1. Have yuu, in rent>\vin>; boiler tube plates, or in biiililiii^ a series of new boilers, altered the nuiuber or size of Hue.-', or altered the dearanue space between tlieiu, witlioiit alierinjj; the leii^^tli of fhie or altering any other part of the boiler or engine '.' If so, cun you give comparative results, either in fuel eonsuujed for work done or in water evaporated, stating tlie exact chauije or variation you made which produced such results / Tiiis information should be given in answer- ing any of the questions ; and in quoting results, endeavor to distinguish between higher evaporative power ('"free steaming'") and increased economy in evaporation (more water boiled off per lb. of fuel). 3. Have yon made any such change keeping the flue-heating surface the same in total amount, but putting in Hues of larger diameter, so as to increase the gas oi)ening througii the Hues ; or nnide any sucli change, still keeping tlie Hue-heating surface the same, but putting in Hues of smaller diameter, thus decreasing the gus opening through tiie flues ? A. Have you made any such changes, either shortening or lengthening the flues, but keeping the total flue- eating surface the same ? 4. Do you know of any instan(!e in which reilncing the Hue-heating surface, or reducing the gas opening through the flues, increased in any way llie elliciency of the boiler ? 5. Have \()u niiide any changes in the amount of grate surface without altering the boiler or engine at any other point ? If SI), witii what result '.' If you have knowledge of any experiments of this kind carried out on other than locomotive boilers, kimlly (piote them also. e too long for the tireman to equally cover it with coal, or it may have too much air opening through it to suit certain (|ualities of fuel ; but these points are not properly to be taken into a consideration of the question of absolute grate surface. 8. If to Use a certuin (piality of fuel you have found it necessary to put at one end of the grate a solid "dead plate"' or "drop nl.'ite," has such reiluction of the elTective grate area lessened the evaporative power or the e(;ononilcal elllei' J the boiler'.' In answering (|uestion H, a note sh.ndd l)e made as to whether, in nniking the change, the eleai lef ween the lirebars (air space) was altered. !> Have you any way improved a lioiler by reducing tin- total grate surface, all other points remaining unchanged '.' 1(1. Are you f:imiliar with any experiments tending to show that rapid combustion is, for steam pur|)oses, more eci)uomii;al than slow combustion '.' If so, <|uc)te or refer to them, and say if you think the result is due to the higher temperature ((■unimonly believed to accompany rapid combustion) transmitting a larger portion of its heat through the metal or to a more thorough burning of the fuel '.' This matter has a close be.iringon the whole subject, for, other things l)eing equal, the suniller the grate the more rapid is the conil)Ustion. 11. Wlmt is tiie presi>nt limit, in locomotive practice, to the number of lbs. of good clean coal that can be fully burnt per hour per s(|uare foot of grate surface '.' U. Are then- any facts from which it may be reasonably Iriferred that this limit will in the near future be eNceeded 'I V\. How many lbs of water from and at 'i\'i ) will one lb. of good coal evaporate when the grate is thus workinir up to its hi;:hest limit .' 14. What is the mininnini amount of Hue surface per square foot of ;;riite th>it will do this high duty .' .1, DAVIS BAUNKTT, ♦ F, W. DKAN, I'HILIP WALLIS. Pfplic's tip la> Kfiil ti. J DAVIS DAMNETT, Groinl Ti link Rnilwny, SliiUlocd, Otil, Cmindn. AN (J I 8 HINCLAIH, .S../W(f /■.(/. 5o I