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 GUIDE 
 
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 Q U E B E C 
 
 liKjiiT, Book Seller k Newsagent 
 30, Buado street. 
 1892 
 
HEAD QUARTERS 
 
 FOE THE GENUINE aUEBEC 
 
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 FANCY & STAPLE DRY GOODS 
 
 ESTABIilSHED 1852. 
 
 A large stock of First Class Dry Goods. Ail goods marked 
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 *- ;■■'•■>>.■ 
 
GUIDE 
 
 TO 
 
 HISTORIC QUEBEC 
 
 AND 
 
 LOWER ST-LAWRENCE 
 
 ifSP-^^ 
 
 »»-♦ 
 
 ^ QUEBEC 
 
 PUBLISHED BY H. H. WRIGHT 
 
 Bookseller and News Agent, No. 30 Buade Street. 
 
 1892 ^ 
 
 S. CHAPEKON, 
 
 1«1J^RA1IIE EDlTEUE 
 6 Eue dc la Fabric: uy, 
 
•18 
 
 
 
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 Printed by C. Darveau, Quebec. 
 

 
 
 J.I.".-, .,>-.. 
 . -A «■ 
 
 
 S ■ 
 
 HISTORICAL SKETCH. 
 
 
 
 In drawing the following outlines of the histo- 
 rical progress of Quebec, it becomes occasionally- 
 requisite to diverge into the history of Canada, 
 with which that of Quebec is so immediately con- 
 nected that any sketch of the latter must be in a 
 great measure incomplete without a recital of 
 events in other parts of the Province which prece- 
 ded and attended the founding of that celebrated 
 fortress. It will be our aim, however, to confine 
 our attention as strictly as possible to the subject 
 of this sketch, from which we shall only deviate 
 so far as it may be necessary to present to the 
 reader a clear and continuous narrative. 
 
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 ' ( 1 • t • ". 
 
 The discovery of America having led to the set- 
 tlement of the colonies in the south which opened 
 so sudden and fruitful a source of wealth to Spain, 
 the attention of France was naturally directed to 
 a similar effort for the extension of her power and 
 enlargement of her commerce in the erection of a 
 colony which would serve as a drain for her super- 
 fluous population and pour, after a short interval, 
 into her harbors the newly developed riches of the 
 western hemisphere. John Verrazani, an enter- 
 prising seaman, was accordingly commissioned by 
 Francis I, in the year 1524, to undertake a voyage 
 to the w(>st. The first land at which he arrived 
 
 ..was Florida, from which he proceeded northward 
 along the coast as far as the 50th degree of latitude, 
 and returned to Europe after taking nominal pos- 
 session of the country under the title of New 
 Fi ance. Having made an accuiate survey of the 
 
 ; shores along which he passed, comprising the prin- 
 cipal poi tion of the seaboard of the United States, 
 he presented to the King on his return the fruits 
 of his labor. On repeating his visit in the follow- 
 ing year he is said to have been murdered by the 
 Indians — an event, however, resting solely on the 
 authority of a tradition the accuracy of which has 
 been disputed. An interval of nearly ten years 
 elapsed before another attempt was made to explore 
 this part of the coast. Jacques Cartier, who was 
 engaged in 1534 to conduct this entreprise with 
 two vessels of 60 tons each, prosecuted his object 
 
 } with more success. After anchoring for a few days 
 in the harbor of St. Catherine, Newfoundland, he 
 
 
>^: 
 
 
 ,, •.'.t- 
 
 proceeded along the coast of Labrador, and crossing 
 the gulf to which he gave the name of St. Lawrence, 
 he anchored in a bay which he called from the 
 excessive heat the Bale des Ghaleurs. At Gaspe 
 he remained a few days and had some intercourse 
 with the natives, two of whom he managed to 
 smuggle on board and carried with him to France 
 to which he returned after making but little further 
 progress up the river. His representations induced 
 the King to equip another expedition of three 
 vessels with which he sailed in the following year. 
 Passing between the Isle of Anticosti and the 
 northern shore he explored the St. Lawrence until 
 he arrived at an island to which he gave the name 
 of Bacchus, from the profusion of wild vines with 
 which it abounded. This is now the Island of 
 Orleans. Here he went on shore accompanied by 
 the Indians whom he had taken with him on his 
 former voyage, and whose favorable account of 
 the treatment they had received conciliated at 
 once the goodwill of the natives, On the following 
 day their chief Donnacona paid Jacques Cartier a 
 visit in state, attended by his followers in twelve 
 canoes, and mutual protestations of friendship took 
 place on the occasion. Having secured thus happily 
 a friendly intercourse with the natives, Cartier 
 proceeded up the river in search of a secure place 
 of anchorage for his little fleet. At the mouth of 
 the little river he found the desired haven on 
 which he conferred the name of Port de St. Croix. * 
 
 f 
 
 * This name was subsequently changed for that of A^^. Charles, 
 an honor of the Grand Vicar of Pontoise. Charles des Boiies, 
 who founded the first Mission of RecoUets to Canada. 
 
 ■/. 
 
 \ 
 

 6 — 
 
 ,>■"■ ■-■ 
 
 Near the spot where he anchored stood the Indian 
 village Stadacona, the residence of the chief, on 
 the high grounds at present occupied by the Upper 
 Town or its suburbs ; the precise site cannot, 
 however, be gathered from Jacques Cartier's des- 
 cription which will be found below. * He set sail 
 soon after with his pinnace dnd two other boats to 
 visit Hochelaga, their most considerable village, 
 which stood upon the site now occupied by Montreal 
 Here his reception by the natives was equally 
 warm. The village was found to consist of fifty 
 bark covered huts rudely fortified with ramparts 
 of wood, placed at the foot of a mountain, on which 
 Jacques Cartier was led to confer the title of Mont 
 Royal from the beautiful view which it comman- 
 ded. Having indulged his curiosity he returned 
 to Port de St. Croix, where he found his people 
 securing his vessels within a palisade, as he had 
 made up his mind to pass the winter here. The 
 scurvy made sad havoc among them in their winter 
 quarters, causing the loss of 25 out of 110 men, 
 
 * «« Et au bout d'icelle Isle vers I'Ouest, y uii aflfourq d'eau 
 " bel et delectable pour mettie Na vires, auquel y a un destroist 
 ** du dit Fleuve fort courant et profond, mais il n'a de large 
 '• qu'environ un tiers de lieue, le travprs du quel y a une terre 
 " double de bonne hauteur toute labour^e, aussi bonne terre 
 '* qu'il soit possible de voir ; et Ik est la ville et demeurance du 
 " Seigneur DonnaconUf et de nos deux hommes qu'avions pris le 
 *♦ premier voyage : laquelle demeurance se nomme Stadacon^y 
 ** sous laquelle haute terre vers le Nord est la Riviere et Hable 
 ** de Saincte Croix : auquel lieu avons 6t4 dempuis le quinzi^me 
 •* jour de Septembre jusqu'au sixifeme jour do mai mil cinq cens 
 " trente-six : auquel lieu les Navires demeur^rent k sec, comme 
 ** ci-devant eat dit. 
 
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 before the disorder was happily arrested by a 
 decoction of the bark and leaves of the spruce fir, 
 which he obtained from the Indians, and found a ,: 
 most efficacious remedy. In May 1536 he returned 
 to France, taking with him the chief Donnacona 
 and several other Indians, who created no li^'le f 
 sensation at the French Court, but did not long 
 survive this abduction from their native forests. 
 Four years later he was engaged in a third ex- - 
 pedition with a fleet of five vessels with which ^: 
 he proceed to Port de St. Croix, but finding that 
 the disappearance of Donnacona had created 
 an unfavorable impression among the natives i 
 he deemed it prudent to withdraw from the • 
 vicinity of Stadacona, and wintered at the mouth 
 of the Carouge River where he built a small - 
 fort. In the following spring he returned to his ,, 
 native country and putting into St. Johns, New-* 
 foundland, on his way, he encountered Francis de - 
 la Roche, Seigneur de Roberval, whom the king ^y^~ 
 had appointed Governor of New France and Ho- ^^ 
 chelaga, accompanied by nearly 200 people who .; 
 came out with him as settleis. Roberval pursuing >- 
 his course up the St. Lawrence, anchored in the /', 
 port of Carouge which Jacques Cartier had just ; 
 abandoned. Here he erected two forts for the pro- ; ; 
 tection of his people, one being at the summit of • \ 
 the . cliff overlooking the St. Lawrence, and the 
 other at its base. He passed the winter here, but 
 a variety of circumstances combined to render his 
 people dissatisfied with the new settlement. The^ 
 scarcity of provisions, the prevalence of the scurvy >^ 
 
 ■ :r:,^--5?Q^:. :■■■ 
 
— 8 — 
 
 among them, and above all the severity of Rober- 
 val's government created such general discontent 
 that they abandoned the country in the following 
 June. Roberval, however, being a man of an enter- 
 prising spirit, resolved after the lapse of a few- 
 years to proceed on another expedition to Canada, 
 and having collected a number of followers he 
 embarked again in 1549. But as, unhappily, no 
 tidings were subsequently heard of these ill-fated 
 men, they are supposed to have perished on the 
 voyage. . .^ 
 
 The ill success which had attended these at- 
 temps, together with the civil wars in France re- 
 sulting from the persecution of the Huguenots, in- 
 terrupted for a period of half a century the efforts 
 to effect a settlement in the west. At length, in 
 1598, the Marquis de la Roche was invested with 
 powers similar to those held by Roberval, and sail- 
 ed for Acadie with a crew of convicts taken out of 
 the gaols ; at Sable Island he left on shore forty 
 of his crew, and after making a fruitless survey of 
 the neighboring coast he returned without them 
 to France. They remained on this Island seven 
 years, and suffered great privations, till Henry IV, 
 who was informed of their suffering despatched a 
 ship for the relief the survivors. 
 
 Several expeditions took place in succession, and 
 a company of merchants was formed for carrying 
 on a trade in furs, and in 1603 a squadron was 
 sent out under the charge of Samuel de Champlain, 
 Geographer to the King, who anchored at a place 
 which he says the Indians called Quebec. Here 
 
— 9 — 
 
 the beauty and capaciousness of the Harbour, and 
 the natural strength of the promonotory under 
 which he anchored, suggested it as the most suita- 
 ble sit for a fiort, and for him* was reserved the dis- 
 tinction of founding the first permanent colony of 
 France in the new world. At the time of his ar- 
 rival, the village of Hochelaga had dwindled to a 
 few kirts and were so insignificent an aspect that 
 he does not appear to have lar^ded there ; Stada- 
 cona, also, which in the time of Jacques Cartier 
 was a village of some importance, and the resi- 
 dence of the chief, and also much reduced in ex- 
 tend and, from the silence of Champlain on the 
 subject, seems to have lost the name it had pre- 
 viously borne, owing no doubt to its being occupied 
 by a lifferent tribe of the Hurons, its former pos- 
 sessors having migrated to the banks of the Sague- 
 nay. Champlain lost no time in clearing the woods 
 and erecting houses for the new settlers, and hav- 
 ing been so prudent as to cultivate a good under- 
 standing with the natives in his vicinity, the af- 
 fairs of the settlement appeared to be fixed on a 
 permanent footing, when by his solicitation, four 
 priests of the RecoUet Order joint them in 1612. 
 The Indians of the Five Nations, however, who 
 had carried on a constant warfare with the Al- 
 gonquin and Huron Tribes, the allies of the French 
 gave Champlain so much annoyance in 1621, that 
 .he found it necessary to erect a ijtone fort for their 
 protection. In his solicitude for the welfare of 
 the settlers he did not neglect the spiritual con- 
 cerns of the natives, in which he took so lively an 
 
I -_ 10 -- 
 
 interest that, in 1625, a missionof Jesuits was. des- ; 
 patched from France for their conversion, and ■ 
 were received on their arrival by the RecoUets in 
 ,.^ a house which they had built on the banks of the i 
 St-Charles, on the sit*e now occupied by the Gen- - ' 
 ,. eral Hospital. The unremitting exertions of Cham- i^ 
 plain for the advancement of the colony were so g 
 ■ conspicuous that he was invariably requested to r 
 retain the control as resident governor, on the fre- t 
 quent occasions which occurred of a change in the % 
 viceroyality. His labors, however, did not meet ^ 
 with much enconragement from the government, 
 who appear to have regarded the affairs of the co- 
 f ';:■!: V lony with no little indifference. 
 
 t;f'; War having broken out at this time between ^ 
 ; ; England and France, Sir David Kirk appeared | 
 } before Quebec in 1628 with an English fleet, and ^ 
 t summoned Champlain to surrender. The latter, 
 % faithful to his trust, returned so spirited an answer 
 that Kirk, ignorant of his weakness, left Quebec 
 to turn his attention to the attack of a convoy 
 with settlers, which he succeeded in taking. In the 
 following summer the attempt was renewed by two 
 brothers of Kirk, who offered such honorable terms 
 to the little garrison that Champlain, finding re- 
 sistance useless, resigned the fort into their hands. 
 He returned to France with a few of his country- 
 men, the majority of whom remained with their 
 new governors, who treated them with the greatest 
 humanity. The population at Quebec at this time 
 did not number a hundred persons, aud Montreal 
 and Three-Rivers comprised but a few log huts 
 
 *■ k'^- 
 
 ■:i 
 
_ 11 _. r - 
 
 which were required for the purposes of fishing 
 and carrynig on the trade with the nations. At the 
 expiration of three years the colony was restored 
 to France by the treaty of St-Gormain-en-Laye, 
 and Champlain returned once more to resume the 
 charge of the infant settlement. He did not long 
 survive his return, but died in 1635, to the great 
 regret of the colonists, just as the foundation stone 
 was laid of the Jesuit College, and was succeeded in 
 charge of the colony by M. de Montmagny. An 
 establishment for the conversion of the Indians, a 
 favorite object with the Jesuits, was formed at 
 Silvery in 1638, and was attended with the most 
 beneficial results. The last vestiges of the ruins 
 of these buildings have only recently disappeared. 
 The Hotel -bieu was also founded at this time for 
 the reception of the sick, and in the following year 
 the Ursuline Convent, for the education of female 
 children, was instituted under the charge of Ma- 
 dame de la Peltrie. 
 
 The incursions of the Five Nations a few years 
 later raised a serious obstacle to the purposes of 
 the colony. In 1650 an attack was made on Three 
 Rivers which resulted in the defeat of the French 
 party who sufiered considerable loss. Emboldened 
 by success they carried on their attacks with but 
 little intermission, the principal sufferers from 
 their violence being the friendly tribes ; but a few 
 years subsequently they invested QuelDec with a 
 force of 700 warriors, and kept it in a state of 
 siege for several months. R('pri>als naturally fol- 
 lowed, and a considerable body of troops marched 
 
 •T"? 
 
 ''k- 
 
s>. 
 
 — 12 — 
 
 in pursuit of them to the west, where, flying be- 
 fore the arms of the French, they left them to 
 wreak their vengeance on their villages which 
 were burnt to the ground. These reverses induced 
 ^ thsm soon to sue for peace, which was gladly ac- 
 corded, not, however, until the Algonquins had 
 [ been almost annihilated as a nation, and the Hu- : 
 rons greatly reduced by these repeated conflicts. >f 
 As the colony had by this time made a consider- ( 
 able advance in population and importance a body J 
 "■'.^/:;i^ of regular troops had been despatched from France 
 5 • :-•; for its protection, was, with the aid of the colonists, 
 >i:- '^- fully equal to the task of repelling the ag^essi«ns 
 . " of the natives. The management of the aflairs of 
 i' ; ■; the colony had hitherto been vested in individuals 
 who assumed the control over it solely with a view 
 .; to trading speculations. In the year 1663, how- 
 V , ;: ever, it attained the distinction of being erected 
 into a royal government, M. de Mezy, being ap- 
 pointed Governor, with a Council of seven to assist 
 . him in carrying on the administration. . M. Talon, 
 I who arrived in Quebec two years later, was the 
 : flrst Intendant of Police, Finance and Marine, an 
 office of considerable weight, and one which excit- 
 ed no little jealousy on the part of the Governor, 
 with whose authority it occasionally came int ) col- 
 lision, the relative rank and influence of the two 
 officials being a source of constant despute. The 
 palace of the Intendant was situated outside of 
 Palace Gate, between the walls and the d^bouchc- 
 ment of the St. Charles, and the site on which it 
 was devoted t( the uses of government as a Fuel 
 
 

 — 13 — 
 
 Yard. In the year 1670 the see of Quebec was 
 established, and Fraagois de Laval, Abbot of Mon- 
 tigny, arrived from France as the first bishop, in 
 compliance with the desire of the Jesuits to have 
 a person of distinction at the head of their church. 
 
 Considerable jealousy had for some time existed 
 between the French Colony and the neighboring 
 one of New York then in possession of the English. 
 The Governor of the latter was anxious to divert 
 to New York the increasing trade in furs which 
 the French carried on with the Indians, and the 
 hostility of the Five Nations to the French promot- 
 ed the views very materially, while it kept the 
 Canadian settlers in a condition equally embarass- 
 ing and unsafe, as not only the trade but their 
 agricultural pursuits were interrupted by preda- 
 tory incursions. The Count de Frontenac, at that 
 time Governor of Canada, seeing no prospect of 
 conciliating the goodwill of the Indians, determin- 
 ed on attacking New York, the reduction of which, 
 he conceived, would be folloWed by the submission 
 of the hostile tribes that caused him so much un- 
 easiness. A force was accordingly despatched in 
 1690 with the object of attacking Albany ; they 
 did not, however, proceed further than the village 
 of Schenectady, which they set in flames, after 
 committing the most atrocious barbarities on the 
 unarmed inhabitants. Soon after their return to 
 Canada retributive measures were adopted to 
 punish this aggression. An expedition for the 
 reduction of Canada was immediately set on foot 
 by the states of New York and New England. It 
 
 -■..-}. 
 
 
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 ':<^'!- 
 
 ■•/:' 
 
 ■ «f 
 
 -■^^.v .,.'■■ J-4 
 
 consisted in all of a fleet of thirty five vessels 
 with a force of about 1300 men under the command 
 of Gir Wm. Phipps who was oidered to proceed to 
 Quebec, and a land farce of 800 men intended for 
 the reduction of M mtreal. The latter division of 
 the army, after proceeding as far as Lake Cham- 
 plain was compelled through a deficiency of provi- 
 sions and the inability to obtain the necessary 
 transport, to retire to Albany. ., : ^, 
 
 Sir Wm. Phipps arrived on the 5£h October at 
 Quebec, which he summoned to surrender, but 
 Frontenac, who had just put the city in a good 
 state of defence, with a garrison of 400 men, treated 
 his sommons with contempt, and the English landed 
 on the 8th at the mouth of the St. Charles, where 
 they were encountered by strong detachements of 
 the enemy posted to receive them. Here a conti- 
 nual skirmishing was kei>t up for several days 
 without any result. The scene of the contest did 
 not extend beyond the low grounds on the banks 
 of the St. Charles, no vigorous efforts having been 
 made for an assault upon the city, when the troops 
 were again embarked, and the attack on the city, 
 by land abandoned. The Admiral, too, finding his' 
 fire made but little impression on the walls, and 
 his ships being disabled by their batteries, dropped 
 down towards the Island of Orleans, and was in-V 
 duced by the inclemency of the season and the"* 
 storms which prevailed to retire without loss of 
 time to Boston. But neither the lateness of thel 
 season, the cold nor the ill suscess of the land forceC 
 which might have co-operated with him can sufli-* 
 
— 15 — 
 
 ciently palliate the failure of this expedition, which 
 may justly be attributed to the want of energy 
 and Judgment in Sir Wm. Phipps, affording a strik-*-. 
 ing contrast to the brilliant compaign of Wolfe at 
 a subsequent period. The fortifications at this 
 time coiisisted of works which formed as at pre- 
 sent a line of circumvallation round the Upper 
 Town, terminating at Cape Diamond. There were 
 two batteries of three eighteen pounders each in 
 the Lower Town, and one of three guns over the 
 Sault-au-Matelot, and several additional batteries 
 v/ere erected during the siege. The regular forti- 
 fication of t .0 City, upon the plan of M. DeLery, ( 
 was not commenced until 1720. The plan of another 
 expedition for the reduction of Canada was laid 
 by the English colonies in 1709. A considerable 
 body of colonial troops, to be assisted by five regi- 
 ments of regulars from England, were intended to 
 make an attack by sea and land on Montreal and 
 Quebec. This campaign, was, however, abandoned 
 in consequence of the non-arrival of the regular 
 troops from England, as their presence was found 
 requisite in Portugal. In the spring of the follow- 
 ing year an epidemic of a most destructive and 
 malignant nature made its appearance in Quebec, 
 and, spreading over the country, its effects were 
 so fatal that thousands fell victims to it in a few 
 days. Preparations for invading Canada were 
 resumed in the summer of 1711, the necessary 
 forces having been despatched from England, and 
 a very powerful armament collected, strong enough 
 to render the full success of the campaign a matter 
 
 >'■' 
 
 V-.. 
 
16 
 
 of reasoniable expedition. It comprised 15 men 
 of war under th'3 command of Admiral Walker, 
 with numerous transports having on board seven i 
 regiments and train of artillery. A land force 
 consisting of 4000 men, with General Nicholson at 
 their head, was to advance and cooperate with the 
 fleet. But violent storms in the St. Lawrence, 
 which delayed their progress up the river and 
 caused eight transports to founder among the Isles I 
 aux GEufs— witha loss of nearly 900 men—blasted^ 
 all their hopes of success. The fleet having suf- 
 fered considerably, it was resolved by a council of j 
 War, under the additional pretext of an insuffi- ? 
 ciency of provisions, to abandon the enterprise. i 
 
 During the half century which followed this 
 futile attempt, there is but little to record of any • 
 importance in the history of Quebec. Events were ^ 
 gradually progressing in other parts of the colony 
 which paved the way for its final reduction under 
 the dominion of England. The ill feeling which 
 existed between the French and the Indians of the 
 far west broke out at intervals in mutual encoun- 
 ters, in which the conduct of both parties was ' 
 strongly tinctured with barbarity : indeed the exis- 
 tence of this animosity on the part of the Five 
 Nations, which became still more dangerous from 
 the friendly footing on which they stood with the 
 English Colonies, may be traced to the bad faith 
 and inhumanity displayed by the," French in many 
 ot their transactions. In order to facilitate and 
 secure the trade with the Indians, a fort was erec- 
 ted at Oswego in 1726 by Governor Burnet of New 
 
— 17 — 
 
 York. Tiiip, was the source of renewed hostilities, 
 which were carried on with various success, but 
 the English continued for some time to maintain 
 their fort and the objects it was intended to promote 
 in spite of the repeated efforts of the French to 
 dispossess them. About this time the affairs of 
 the colony appear to have been in the hands of a 
 set of othcials who pursued a connected system of 
 gross speculation. Every office of trust would 
 seem to have been sought with the single view of 
 unjust accumulation. The government and the 
 colonists suffered alike from their healtless rapa- 
 city of which M. Bigot the Intendant enjoys the 
 uri viable distinction of having been the chief pro- 
 moter. A large store house was erected near his 
 Palace as a repository for articles intended for the 
 government service, and a monopoly was secured 
 at a most exorbitant price to the company who 
 built it ; this earned for it from the oppressed in- 
 habitants the title of " La Friponne." They were 
 chiefly affected however, oy the monopolise in 
 grain which raised most exorbitantly the price of 
 food, and entailed considerable misery on the 
 poorer classes. (*) 
 
 In 1756 a strong body of troops arrived from 
 France under the command of the Marquis de 
 Montcalm. He followed up with vigor an attack 
 which had been contemplated for some time upon 
 Oswego, against which he proceeded with a power- 
 full force. The garrison, after a gallant defence, 
 
 * M. Bigot, as the principal instigator of this system of fraud, 
 was banished from France for life in 1763. 
 
 ■ V- 
 
■ -^,r.-- _ 18 — 
 
 surrendered the fort to Montcalm by whom it was 
 demolished. In the following year an unsuccess- 
 ful attempt was made by Rigaud, brother of the 
 Governor, upon Fort George situated on the Lake - 
 of that name. It was repeated soon after by Mont- 
 calm with better success, the garrison being obliged 
 to submit after a determined resistance in which 
 they expended all their ammunition. They were 
 allowed to march out with all the honors of war ' 
 in consideration of their gallantry. These reverses - 
 of the British arms did not long remain uneltoned ; ; 
 they served but to hasten the meditated advance % 
 upon Canada. The English troops had no mean ■ 
 opponent, however, to contend with, and tailed in ; 
 a gallant assault upon Fort Tiponderoga, which 
 they made under General Ahercrombie, who was : 
 compelled to retire before the military genius of ( 
 Montitaim. They were more fprtunate in their 
 attacks upon Fort Frontenac and Fort du Quesne 
 which fell into their hands, but the former on / 
 being abandoned was taken possession of by the | 
 French, who rebuilt the works, In the summer of 
 1759, a formal treaty having just been entered 
 into with the Indians, whom the efforts of the 
 French had lately caused to waver in their friend- 
 ship, the general movement of the British force 
 upon Canada took place in three divisions. — Ge- 
 neral Prideaux advanced against Niagara where 
 the French had erected a fort of great importance 
 affording a protection to their own trade, and cov- 
 ering their hostile incursions into the neighboring 
 Colonies. Prideaux was unhappily killed by the 
 
— 19 — 
 
 bursting of a shell while surveying the trenches 
 during the siege, but his place was ably supplied 
 by Sir Wm. Johnson, who gained a brilliant vic- 
 tory over a body of the enemy who attempted to 
 relieve the garrison, all their officers falling into 
 his hands. This defeat decided the fate of the 
 fort, which was surrendered by the English. The 
 second division of the British army under General 
 Amherst, proceed up Lake Champ lain, where they 
 took possession of Forts Ticonderoga and Crown 
 Point, which were abandoned by the enemy on 
 their approach. But the movements of the squa- 
 dron which, sailing up IhQ St. Lawrence without 
 the slightest accident or opposition, approached 
 Quebec with 8,000 men under the command of 
 Wolfe, attract our attention to the branch of the 
 army from whose exertions the most important 
 operations of the campaign were to proceed. On 
 the arrival of the fleet at the Island of Orleans, 
 the land forces were there disembarked on the 27th 
 of June, and a manifests was distributed among the 
 Canadians by General Wolfe, couched in the most 
 humane and generous terms and calling on the 
 peasantry by a timely submission to avoid the 
 horrors of war. This appeal was treated with 
 such contempt, that the Canadians were frequently 
 engaged with the scalping parties of the Indians 
 in barbarous attacks upon the English stragglers. 
 On the night of the 28th an attempt was made 
 to destroy the fleet with five ships, seven of which 
 were dropped down the river for that purpose, 
 but being fortunately fired to soon, the English 
 
— 20 — 
 
 sailors with their customery presence of mind, 
 succeeded in grappling and towing them all to the 
 shore before they could come with the shipping. 
 General Moncton was soon detached with four 
 battalions to take possession of a battery erected, 
 by the enemy at Point Levi. In this he was per- 
 fectly successful, and caused so much execution 
 ,,v upon the city with shells and cannon that tho 
 ^ , Lower Town was shortly reduced to a heap of 
 ruins, and many of the buildings in the Upper 
 V Town suifered considerable damages. A detach- 
 ment of 1600 men was sent across the river by 
 the French to dislodge him, but getting into con- 
 ^' fusion in the dark, during which they fired upon 
 each other, they returned without coming into col- 
 lision with the English troops. Montcalm, who 
 had exerted every efforts for the defence of the 
 city, had established his forces along the Beauport 
 shore, between the river St. Charles and the Falls 
 of Montmorency, an extent of upwards of six miles 
 in which he threw up intreneliment to protect his 
 troops in all accessible points. On the ninth of 
 ^ ^^ July, Wolfe, having established his magazines, 
 stores, and hospital on the Island of Orleans and 
 J erected the necessary works for their protection 
 I' , under the charge of Colonel Carle ton, crossed with 
 v^f his forces the North channel and encamped near 
 , .the Falls. Failing in an attempt to force a passage 
 Mv across the turbulent waters and up the precipitous 
 bank of the Montmorency, he determined on pas- 
 sing below the Falls, where the river was fordable 
 at low water and attacking Montcalm at once in 
 
— 21 — 
 
 his trendies. The necessary preparations were 
 immediately made for crossing the troops and put 
 into execution on the 31st July. The difficulties 
 which attended this movement were, however, so 
 considerable as to cause the defeat of a portion of 
 the army ; from the shallow and rocky nature of 
 the beach several boats ran aground ; causing a 
 fatal delay in the disembarkation, by which a de- 
 tachment of grenadiers was separated from the 
 main body. These men, in their eagerness to 
 «engage the enemy, advanced in the utmost disorder 
 upon their entrenchments and were exposed to so 
 galling a fire that they left about 200 dead upon 
 the field, retired with 650 wounded. As night 
 was now approaching and the rise of the tide 
 would cut off ail means of retreat it was deemed 
 advisable to abandon the attempt ard retire once 
 more behind the Montmorency. This mortifying 
 disaster had such an effect upon the chivalrous 
 mind of Wolfe that it brought on a severe illness, 
 under which he still labored when he ascended 
 the heights of Abraham to dedicate his life to his 
 country. His plan of operations was now entirely 
 changed ; passing up the river he determined on 
 landing above the town and taking it by storm. 
 The attempt appeared to be attended with insu- 
 perable difficulties, but his dauntless energy and 
 good fortune crowned his efforts with success. In 
 order to deceive the enemy the squadron proceeded 
 up the river about nine miles above the cove at 
 which the troops were io disembark, a force of 
 1500 men under M. de Bougd-inville having been 
 
>" -L- 
 
 ^■^^^■^'■7;: , — 22 ■— 
 
 despatched by Montcalm to observe their move- 
 ments. But favored by the darkness of the night 
 they dropped down with the tide on the 12th Sep- 
 {> tember, and the troops were landed in flat bot- 
 : tomed boats on the beach below the plains of 
 .: Abraham. Had this attempt been anticipated, and 
 ; the almost precipitous cliffs which the British 
 : • ^ troops had to ascend been properly defended their 
 hopes of success if this enterprise must have been 
 slight indeed, but the only force they had to en- 
 counter was a captain's guard in possession of a 
 narrow footpath which led up the declivity. Mont- 
 , calm on receiving intelligence of their position lost 
 no time in advancing with liis army from Beau- 
 , port, and resolved upon hazarding a battle to pro- 
 ■■^;^ tect the city from the threatened assault on its 
 ;' weakest side. On his arrival he found the British 
 troops drawn up in order of battle and made an 
 attempt to turn their left, which was, however, : 
 reinforced with three battalions in time to render ^ 
 his efforts abortive. After keeping up an Irre- 
 gular fire from behind the bushes aud hedges, , 
 which were lined with 1000 of his best marksmen, >, 
 he advanced to the charge with great spirit about ' 
 nine in the morning. The British reserved their '■ 
 fire until their opponents approached within forty ' 
 yards when they poured in a deadly discharge ^ 
 ^ ^ which they maintained with much coolness and ^ 
 V; effect. Wolfe, who was standing at the right in 
 front of the line, received a shot in the wrist which ^ 
 did not, however, prevent him from advancing , 
 soon after at the head of the grenadiers who 
 
— 23 — .-^^^n^v-'^^-?'"'-'-- ■-■••'■ 
 
 charged the French with their bayonets. In this 
 conspicuous position, while inspiring his troops 
 
 ; with that heroic ardour which filled his own bo- 
 •' som, another ball, more fatal in its aim, pierced ; 
 his breast. Being removed to the rear he survived ; 
 but a short time, long enough, however, to learn ^ 
 the full success of the British ai ms. At this mo- 
 
 , ment Brigadier Murray succeeded in breaking the 
 
 , centre of the enemy, who, giving way, were soon 
 
 , thrown into disorder and wei e pursued with great 
 
 slaughter by the Highlanders, who, sword in hanl, , 
 •• supported by the 58th, drove them into the city ' 
 
 • and down to their works on the river St. Charles. 
 On the death of Wolfe — Brigadier Monckton 
 being seriously wounded the command devolved '; 
 on Brigadier Townshend, who had scarcely collect- 
 
 ' ed his scattered troops when a fresh body of the ' 
 enemy, 2000 strong, under the charge of M. De 
 Bougainville, appeared on its way from Cap Roagt 
 Two battalions were immediately detached against 
 them, but they retired into the woods on their ^ 
 approach. In the attack upon the French centre 
 the English made very effective use of one six 
 pounders which they had succeeded in dragging 
 up the cliff. Their opponents had two guns, one 
 
 , of which fell into the hands of the British. Mont- 
 calm was mortally wounded in the battle and was i 
 conveyed to the city where he expired the next 
 day. Th«) three officers next in command to him 
 perished also, being either killed in the eiigage- 
 ment or dying of their wounds soon after. The ^ 
 Joss of the French was very considerable — about 
 
— 24 — 
 
 500 killed and 1000 prisoners, while that of the 
 English was about 50 killed and 500 wounded. 
 But the death of Wolfe was, in itself, an irrepa- 
 rable affliction, expiring as he did at the moment 
 of a victory won by his untiring energy and de- 
 termined valor, but the fruits of which he was 
 now destined to enjoy. The dying words of this 
 young hero display such a generous devotion that 
 they cannot be too often recorded. As he leaned 
 against the shoulder of a lieutenant who supported 
 him on the ground, this officer exclaimed, " they 
 run, they run ! " — " Who run ? " he exclaimed 
 with eagerness, and on being informed "the French" 
 — " What, " said he, " do they run already ? then 
 I die happy ! " and as he spoke he expired in his 
 arms. Montcalm, who shared his fate in his me- 
 morable battle, closed at the same time a career 
 distinguished by brilliant talents and a military 
 genius which raised him high in the estimation of 
 his country. He found a grave befitting a soldier, 
 his body being deposited in a cavity caused by the 
 bursting of a shell in the garden of the Ursuline 
 Convent. - 
 
 After the battle General Townshendlost no time 
 in securing his camp and making the requisite 
 preparations for investing the city. Communica- 
 tions were also Opened with the fleet which sup- 
 plied him with artillery and ammunition, and pro- 
 ceeded to take up its position opposite the Lower 
 Town, in readiness for a combined assault. On 
 the I7th of the month, however, proposals of capi- 
 tulation were sent from the garrison, and accepted 
 

 25 
 
 by Townshend, who took possession of the city on 
 fclie following day. This hurried surrender may 
 3e chiefly accounted for by the death of Montcalm, 
 which threw the councils of the French into confu- 
 sion, and may be reckoned a very fortunate event 
 ■or the British, as the near approach of the winter 
 and the strong reinforcements of the enemy, who 
 began to rally again in the neighbourhood, might 
 have retarded their efforts till the season for action 
 was passed, and perhaps, frustrated all the opera- 
 tions of the army, A force of 5000 men was left 
 in the city under the command of General Murray 
 and the remainder of the troops returned with the 
 fleet to England. The ensuing winter was past by 
 Murray in repairing the damages incurred by the 
 buildings from the batteries at Point Levi, and 
 strengthening in every possible way the fortitica- 
 cation of the city. A detachment of 200 men was 
 posted at St. Foy and another of 400 men at Lorette. 
 The severity of the winter and the great scarcity 
 of fresli provisions caused the death of no less 
 than 1000 men from scury before the month of 
 April, and of the remaining portion of the garrison 
 nearly one half were unflt for service. But amid 
 the deprivation and sufferings under which they 
 labored an instance was displayed by the garrison 
 of that noble generosity which may be said with 
 truth to be characteristic of the British Nation. A 
 famine consequent on the campaign threatened to 
 involve in its desolation the surrounding inhabi- 
 tants, when a general subscription was raised with 
 alacrity to which even the private soldiers contri- 
 
 > 
 
 
— 26 — 
 
 buted from their scanty resources ; the fund col- 
 lected so promptly was distributed among the 
 people and alleviated in a great degree the prevai- 
 ling distress. This act jf generosity to the con- 
 quered must have tended greately to reconcile the 
 Canadians to their new governors. Reduced to 
 the distressed condition which has just been des- 
 cribed the enfeebled garrison prepared to received 
 the Fr a troops, who collecting under the com- 
 mand of the Chevalier de Levi to the number of 
 12,000 men, approached Quebec in the spring. De 
 Levi had exer;;ed every effort to secure the efficiency 
 of his array and regain once more possession of 
 Quebec. The French squadron, which had wintered 
 at Montreal, was ordered to drop down the river 
 and cooperate with his troops, who advanced 
 through the Cap Rouge wood within three miles of,, 
 the city. The garrison being deemed unequal, in ^ 
 its reduced condition, to a proper defence of the * 
 fortifications, General Murray resolved to antici- 
 pate th - attack by meeting De Levi at once in the 
 tield. He marched out accordingly with his small 
 but vetei-an force of 3000 men on the morning of 
 the 28th April, and was not long in coming into 
 collision with the French, whom he found as he 
 approached advancing in a single column. The first 
 attack of the British troops was so impetuous as 
 to cause the centre of the French to give way, but 
 the left wing of the former becoming detached 
 from the main body was repulsed to turn by the 
 reserve of the enemy. .A desperate conflict ensued, 
 which was maintained with various success for 
 
— 27 — 
 
 nearly two hours, when Murray overpowered by 
 numbers, gave up the equal contest and retreated 
 in good order to the city. The sanguinary battle 
 cost the British 1000 men, while the loss of the 
 French was still greater, amounting by their own 
 computation to 2,500. De Levi pursued the advan- 
 tage he had gained by immediately investing the 
 city, upon v/hich he opened his batteries. But the 
 gallant garrison was not destined to remain much 
 longer without reinforcements fiom England. On 
 the 15th of May, Commodore Swanton anchored 
 with his squadron in the bay, and on the following 
 morning two frigates getting under weigh to 
 attach the French fleet, the latter fled in such , 
 disorder that they were driven on shore and entirely ^* 
 destroyed. They consisted of two frigates, two 
 armed ships and some smaller vessels. This success 
 Was, however, greatly neutralized hy the loss of 
 the Lowestoffe frigate, which ran upon some hidden 
 shoals. De Levi abandoned the siege the same 
 night, and retreated with precipitation to the 
 Jacques Cartier, leaving behind him all his ammu- 
 nition, stores and cannon, which fell into the hands 
 of General Murray. The reduction of Montreal 
 by General Amherst and the entire submission of 
 the French forces throughout Canada follow soon 
 after : the successes of the British troops were 
 also attended by the ready submission of the inha- 
 bitants, who took without reluctance the oath of 
 allegiance to the British crown, to which this Pro- 
 vince was Anally ceded by the Treaty of Peace 
 in 1763. 
 
'> ■'■ -^ 
 
 ^ 2S -^ 
 
 In this year a remarkable mutiny occured among 
 the garrison, which consisted of the 15th, 27th, and 
 2nd battahon of the 60th Regiment. An order 
 instituting a stoppage of four pence sterling upon 
 each ration of provisions excited so much ill feeling 
 among the troops that, forgetting the calls of duty 
 and discipline, they collected together and marched 
 with drums beating towards St. John's gate with 
 the intention of proceeding to New York and 
 laying themselves at the disposal of General Am- 
 herst. By the persuasion of their officers they 
 returned to their barracks, but as they persisted 
 for several days in refusing to obey the order in 
 question, the Governor Murray determined to 
 reduce them to obedience or perish in the attempt. 
 With this view he ordered the garrison under arms 
 on the grand parade, and after pointing out to 
 them in the strongest terms the enormity of their 
 conduct, he commanded them, as a sign of obe- 
 dience, to march between two royal colors which 
 he caused to be raised for that purpose, and threa- 
 tened to put to death the first man who refused 
 to obey. This very resolute course had the desired 
 effect ; his orders were immediately complied with, 
 and the men returned in quietness to their barracks! 
 On the cession of the province to England the 
 military governement which ha^l hitherto con- 
 trolled its affairs was superseded, by royal procla- 
 mation, by a civil government. General Murray 
 being appointed Captain General and Governor in 
 chief of the province of Quebec, with the power 
 to nominate a Council of eight members. As the 
 
— 29 — 
 
 colony advanced, however, in stability and impor- 
 tance a strong desire \vas evinced by the British 
 inhabitants of Quebec to have a Representative. 
 Assembly established among them ; a petition 
 praying for this boon was accordingly made to the 
 Governor and submitted to His Majesty in 1774, ., 
 but failed in its object, the state of the colony not ■ 
 being considered such as to render that step desi- 
 rable. A Legislative Council nominated by the ~' 
 King was established by Act of Parliament in its 
 stead, the colonists being declared eligible* for ad- 
 mission without distinction of origin. This mea- ;: 
 sure, known as the Quebec Act, gave great offence 
 to the British portion of the colonists as it res- - 
 tored the French Canadians to nearly the same % 
 position they had occupied before the conquest, 
 with reference to iheir laws, their language and 
 institutions. Though the generosity of this Act of 
 the Imperial Parliament was, perhaps, unexam- 
 pled, its wisdom may well have been disputed, 
 tending as it did to restore and perpetuate a dis- 
 tinct nationality in this new appendage of the , 
 British Crown. 
 
 The contest which had been maintained for ' 
 some time by the American colonies against the 
 authority of Great Britain began about this period - 
 to extend its effects beyound the frontiers of Ca- 
 nada. Emissaries were busily employed in shak- ,1 
 ing the fidelity of the inhabitants and inducing f 
 them to assist the colonists in their struggle for 
 independence. In the following year they ad- , 
 vanced into Canada under Generals Montgomery 
 
 ■f 
 
 "S- 
 
— 30 — 
 
 and Arnold, who found the province but ill pre- 
 pared for defence, the regular force consisting of 
 only two regiments, the 7th and 26th, in all 800 
 men detached in various parts of the province. Ge- 
 neral Carleton, the Governor, in vain endeavoured 
 to arouse the Canadians to cooperate with him in 
 their Common defence : even the persuationsof their 
 clergy were utterly fruitless, and Montgomery meet- 
 ing with little opposition scon succeeded in roduc- 
 ing Chambly, St. Johns and Montreal. This repre- 
 hensive^upineness of the French Canadians arose, 
 no doubt, from the desire to avail the issue of the 
 contest in Canada between Great Britain and her 
 revolted colonies : and when we consider the short 
 ])eriod they had owned allegiance to England we 
 must not condemn too harshly their refusal to take 
 
 •up arms, which was rendered more general by the 
 recollection of the hardships resulting in former 
 
 , years from their enrolment as Militia, which with-^ 
 drew them so frequently from their homes and 
 agricultural occupations. At a much later period, 
 however, when their experience of protection under 
 British institutions and the increase of population 
 had engendered strong feelings of nationality, the 
 Canadian Militia fully established for themselves 
 a character for courage and loyalty. The successes 
 of the Americans w'ere destined to receive a check 
 before the walls of Quebec which ultimately baffled 
 their attempts upon Canada, and caused them to 
 relinquish those posts which had previously fallen 
 into their hands. In the beginning of November 
 Arnold, having advanced through the woods by 
 
31 — • ••-.:•■• ^. 
 
 the Kennebec and Chaudifere Rivers, invested 
 Quebec and was joined about a month afterwards 
 by Montgomery. Their forces amounted to nearly 
 3000 men, among whom were enrolled 500 Cana- 
 dians. Many of the inhabitants of Quebec being 
 openly disaffected, General Carleton issued an 
 order for the immediate withdrawal of such as ob- 
 jected to take up arms. This wise precaution being 
 taken lie was left with a small but gallant garri- 
 son of 1800 men chiefly composed of British and 
 Canadian Militia. The attack of the besiegers was 
 for some time confined to throwing shells into the 
 town which suffered little damage, and cutting off 
 the sentries on the remparts with rifles under 
 shelter of the houses in St. Rochs. At length on 
 the 31st December, the night being very dark, the 
 long meditated assault was made upon the city. 
 Their forces were divided into four bodies, two of 
 which was merely intended to distract the atten- 
 tion of the garrison from the real points of attg-ck 
 in the Lower Town. Montgomery repaired with 
 900 men towards Pres-de-Ville at the fooc of the 
 citadel, where a small guard was in possession of a 
 battery of nine pounders which commanded the 
 narrow road through which he advanced. As soon 
 as they had approached within fifty yards of the 
 battery a deadly fire was poured upon his party 
 which put them immediately to flight, and in the 
 morning among thirteen bodies which were found 
 on the spot those of Montgomery and two of his 
 staff were recognised. • At the same time 700 men 
 under General Arnold made an attack at the Sault- 
 
 *!-■ 
 
 ■■■i . 
 
 :^>''-^ 
 
 ->-V- 
 
— 32 — 
 
 au-Matelot, and drove the guard which was sta- 
 tioned there back upon the centre of the Lower 
 Town. By a vigorous sortie, however, through 
 Palace Gate the enemy were taken in the rear and 
 entirely defeated with a loss of upwards of 400 
 prisoners. Arnold being wounded in the commen- 
 cement of this attack was con \ eyed to the Gene- 
 ral Hospital. This successful repulse preserved 
 the garrison from a repetition of the assault al- 
 though the siege was regularly maintained through- 
 out the rest of the winter. Three batteries were 
 erected by the Americans — at Point Levi, at the 
 Ferry on the St. Charles, nnd on the Plains of 
 Abraham, but the damage which they occasioned 
 the garrison was very trivial, as they were fre- 
 quently dislodged by a well directed fire from the 
 city. Towards the close of the winter their ranks 
 were greatly thinned by desertion, and still further 
 diminished by the small pox which committed 
 dreadful ravages among them. At length on the 
 6th of May the arrival of the Surprise frigate re- 
 lieved the besieged from the 29th regiment, together 
 with the marines, being landed without loss of 
 time, a vigorous sally of the garrison caused the 
 enemy to return with precipitation, and additional 
 reinforcements arriving from England soon after, 
 the American forces finally evacuated Canada 
 without further delay. 
 
 In the year 1791 the petitions of the colonists 
 for a Representative Assembly were fully acceded 
 to by the establishment of a Constitution as closely 
 assimilated as possible to that of Great Britain — 
 
33 — 
 
 V 
 
 a boon for the first time conferred on any of her 
 colonial possessions. The province was divided 
 into Lower and Upper Canada and the first pro- 
 vincial parliament was opened at Quebec in De- 
 cember 1792 by Lieutenant. Governor Clarke, the 
 House consisting in all of 50 members. x^-: 
 
 In the following year the church of England was • 
 established in Canada by the erection of a Bishop's 
 See under the title of the Bishopric of Quebec, 
 Dr Jacob Mountain being the first who was instal- . 
 led in that dignity. 
 
 Having laid before the reader a faithful sketch 
 of events from the funding of the city, this portion 
 of our labors must draw to a close, as the more , 
 recent history of Quebec leaves us nothing to re- 
 cord, without entering, on the discussion of topics 
 beyond the scope and province of these pages. • . 
 Within the walls of this city, in the sittings of it» '::■ 
 Assembly the political movement had its birth 
 which swayed and agitated so long the destinies of > 
 the province, and if the war of words and the "' 
 ebullition of party feeling contibuted to the unfor- 
 tunate events which led to a suspension of the 
 constitution, Quebec may regard as a requital of .: 
 these errors the estrangement of the Seat of Go- ' 
 vernment and the consequent diminution of her ^, 
 prosperity and importance. Yet the Great advan- 
 tages which it possess lead its citizens to indulge 
 the hope that, in spite of recent changes, it will ere 
 long be restored to its true position as the capital 
 of Canada. « . . . r* - - . r 
 
 -':-^j" 
 
34 — 
 
 ^^ti^m^ 
 
 K.; 
 
 t. 
 
 ''••■■■'■•■ V;/"' ;;;■.■-■"'■:: *• QIJJEBEC^ :,■ V //^ " ;"^-^ ^ :^: ••: 
 
 The origin of the name of Quebec, in spite of 
 the apparent solution by Charnplain, is involved 
 in obscurity. The passages in which he refers to 
 It are as follows : " Trouvant un lieu le plus estroit 
 de la nviere que les habitants du pays appellent 
 Quebec, je hs bastir, etc., " _ and " La pointe de 
 Quebec, ainsi appelMe des sauvages. " Charlevoix 
 a,nd other subsequent writers, putting a construc- 
 tion on the hrst extract which it doet not appear 
 to justify, have stated that Quebec is the Indian 
 word for a stratf, and was applied by the natives 
 for that reason to the locality in question. The 
 edition of Hawkin's Picture of Quebec, however 
 
i; ■-:■''■/""■'■ ■ — 35 — 
 
 in a very elaborate discussion of the suject, denies 
 altogether the claim of an Indian origin for the 
 word, and accounts for Champlain's assertion by 
 the affinity of sound to the latter part of the name 
 Cuhic-Gouhat given by the natives to the river St. 
 Charles on account of its serpentine course. He 
 supplies a more probable course in the existence 
 of a Fxiutilated seal of the Earl of Suffolk bearing 
 date * Anno 7. Hen, 5 * (1420), and on which 
 * Quebec * appears as one of the titles of that noble- 
 man. The conclusion naturally follows that this 
 title was acquired by the Earl either in his own 
 right as an active participator with the hero of 
 Agincourt in his French compaign, or as the repre- 
 sentative of his sovereign in France. This would 
 seem to determine at once the European origin of 
 the name, which was, doubtless, carried by the 
 Norman settlers to the banks of the St. Lawrence. 
 The coincidence of the name, with precisely the 
 same orthography, existing in Europe nearly 200 
 years previous to the arrival #f Champlain is at 
 all events curious. '• ¥a . :; : ^:' - - .^;' 
 
 La Potherie derives it from an exclamation of 
 some Normans who accompanied Jacques Cartier ; 
 their attention being arrested as they turned Point 
 Levi by the promontary of Cape Diamond, they 
 cried out involuntarily " Quel bee ! " and which 
 name, he says, the place retained. The Huron 
 name is Tia-tou-ta-rili which signifies the place of 
 a strait. 
 
 :^---:.- 
 
 •',.•.1-. • '., ,.,. 
 
 
 "s'-X ■ 
 
 J". 
 
 •;- ^t- •■•■ i, -, .^ 
 
»! • -V- -iSuv^i ■ :*(! 
 
 r\ I^ T - .y. .,?u,v^ I 
 
 General Wolfe. 
 
 2. ^WOJLFE '"■^^^ 
 
 Major General James Wolfe, the son of Lieut. 
 General Edward Wolfe, was born at Westerham in 
 Kent on the 2nd dp January, 17^7. Having entered 
 the army at r. very early age he speedily developed 
 those shining military talents by whish he rapidly 
 rose in the profession which he adorned with many 
 noble qualities. In the German war he greatly 
 distinguished himself, and at the siege and capture 
 of the strongly fortified town of Louisbourg in 
 Cape Breton in 1758, he attracted so much atten- 
 tion by his skill and bravery that Mr. Pitt confided 
 to him the command of the important expedition 
 against Quebec in the following year. The early 
 close of his career in that glorious but fatal cam- 
 paign has already been described. The eulogium 
 
3-7 
 
 
 Wolfe's Mouunu'iit on Plains of Abraham. 
 
- i,---' : >■. 
 
 .,**♦■ 
 
 _ 38 — ■■■■': ■■ ,; '■■ ■ :: 
 
 with which his memory has been honored by his 
 contemporary, Smollett, may no doubt he conside- 
 red as faithful as it is ably drawn. It is in these 
 words. " He inherited from nature an animating 
 " fervor of sentiment, an intuitive perception, an 
 " extensive capacity, and a passion for glory, which 
 " stimulated him to acquire every species of military 
 " knowledge that study could comprehend, that 
 '• actual service could illustrate and confirm. This 
 " noble warmth of disposition seldom fails to call 
 " forth and unfold the liberal virtues of the soul. 
 " Brave above all estimation of danger, he was also 
 " generous, gentle, complacent, and humane : the 
 " pattern of the officer, the darling of the soldier : 
 " there was a sublimity in his genius which soared 
 " above the pitch of ordinary minds ; and had his 
 " faculties been exercised to their full extent by 
 " opportunity and action, had his judgment been 
 " fully matured by age and experience, he would, 
 " without doubt, have rivalled in reputation the 
 " most celebrated Captains of antiquity. " 
 \. The peculiar sensibility with which he regarded 
 the opinion of his country, and which was displayed 
 so strongly in the illness resulting from his defeat 
 at Montmorenci, leaves us but little cause for sur- 
 prise at the following anecdote, although it serves 
 to develope a new feature in his character — a keen 
 appreciation of the gentle art of poetry but rare 
 in a soldier, upon whose ear the voice of the muse 
 but seldom falls amid the bustle of the camp. * The 
 late Professor Robinson, of Edinburgh, at that time 
 a Midshipman in the Royal Navy, happened to be 
 
— so- 
 on duty in the boat in which General Wolfe went 
 to visit some of his posts the night before the 
 battle. The evening was line, and the scene, con- 
 sidering the work they were engaged in, and the 
 morning to which they were looking forward, was 
 sufficiently impressive. As they rowed along, the 
 General, with much feeling, repeated nearly the 
 whole of Gray's Elegy, which had recently appea- 
 red, and was but little known, to an officer who 
 sat with him in the stern of the boat, adding as 
 he concluded, " that he would prefer being the 
 author of that poem to the glory of beating the 
 French to-morrow. " 
 
 On his return from Quebec he was to have been 
 married to a most amiable and accomplished lady, 
 Catherine, daughter of Holert Lowther, Esquire, 
 of Westmoreland, formerly Governor of Barbadoes. 
 Six years after the death of Wolfe she became the 
 wife of the last Duke of Bolton, and died in 
 /.1809. ,. ,. ., ._^,. • 
 
 His remains were conveyed to England in the 
 . Royal William, of 84 guns, and were landed at 
 Portsmouth on the I7th November in a twelve 
 oared barge in sad and silent pomp, interrupted 
 only by the firing of minute guns from the ships 
 at Spithead. Military honors were also paid on 
 shore, till the procession passed through the city 
 on its way to Greenwich, where the body was 
 interred on the 30th November. A very beautiful 
 monument was erected in Westminster Abbey, in 
 which his death and the attendant circumstances 
 
 '1. 
 
 ;J 
 
 >. - . ,f 
 
 ^. 
 
i-/- 
 
 
 ■>;V''.^^) ;..^' ,\*M--'-*^c '■. 
 
 are delineated in a style worthy of the subject. It 
 is marked by the following inscription.; t , 'f ^< 
 
 ^•. 
 
 'S.-' : 
 
 
 "x^'jr^ ' ' -y • To the memory of ;^,'fi: "'^ - 
 '*"*^ "' James "Wolfe, ' ' '' "^ • 
 
 Major General and Commander-in-Chef 
 Of the British Land Forces, -v .; 
 On an expedition against Quebec, ^- 
 "Who hav ng surmonted, . ; • 
 
 Cv • ■ By ability and valour, ^ . . - 
 ':'^: All obstacles of art and nature, '. , 
 Was slain in the moment of victory, " 
 On the 13th of September. 1759. 
 The King and Parliament of Great Britain 
 Ledicated this monument, ,, .: 
 
 ■:*-■ y 
 
 . #» 
 
 
 Another monument, of a more simple and unpre- 
 tending character was erected in his native parish 
 of Westerham. 
 
 4. IWONTCAI^Ifl i 
 
 Lewis Joseph de St. V^ran, Marquis de Montcalm 
 was born at Candiac in 1712. He entered the army 
 at the age of fourteen and after a service of seven- 
 teen years was appointed colonel of the Auxerrais 
 regiment in 1743 The campaigns in Italy and 
 Germany gave him an opportunity of displaying 
 on many occasions the military skill, activity and 
 courage for which he was remarkable, and which 
 raised him in 1749 to the rank of Brigadier Gene- 
 ral. In 1756 he was created Mar^chal-de-camp 
 and entrusted with the important command of the 
 French forces in Canada, where he fully sustained 
 his high reputation by the succesful resistance he 
 
.1 ' ■. 
 
 .-«: 
 
 -,">—■;;.■. ^ .„ — 41 — ^ -^ :-' . - ": ■ -V'^--;-:.* 
 
 opposed for upwards of three years to the attacks 
 of the English troops. His services were rewarded ^^, 
 
 in 1758 by the rank of Lieut. General. In is last 
 campaign in 1759 his skilful position at Beauport 
 scrued as an important check to the designs of r ' 
 
 Wolfe, until the unexpected appearance of the ; 
 
 latter on the Heights of Abraham withdrew Mont- : ; 4' 
 calm from his entrenchments. His death was '/^ 
 
 caused by a discharge from the only gun which - ? r 
 the English had been able to bring into the en- - > 
 gagement. He had been previously wounded by \-: :' 
 a musket shot. It is reported of him that when ^''■"■^,]:Z. 
 his wounds were dressed he requested the surgeons ; , 'tl 
 in attendance to declare at once, wheth(^r they were , • f 
 mortal. On being told that they were so, — " I am V . 
 
 glad of it," — said he. He then enquired how long he .-^ s. , 
 might survive. He was answered, — Ten or twelve j, S^^ 
 hours, perhaps less." "So much the better," — 
 replied h^, — "then I shall not live to see the sur- 
 render of Quebec." On being afterwards visited by ^ 
 M. de Ramesay, who commanded the garrison, with :; ; L 
 the title of Lieutenant de Roi, and by the Com- ■ 
 mandant de Roussillon, he said then — " Gentle- 
 men, I commend to your keeping the honor of '{:::_,.:-'i 
 France. Endeavour to secure the retreat of my ; v"^ 
 army to-night beyond Cape Rouge : for myself, I 
 shall pass the night with God, and prepare myself 
 for death. " On M. Ramesay pressing to receive 
 his commands respecting the defence of Quebec, 
 Montcalm exclaimed with emotion : — " I will nei- 
 ther give orders nor interfere any further : I have 
 much business that must be attended to, of greater 
 
 ri* 
 
7' 
 
 y-' 
 
 -v' ._ ■^.•'- ■■ """• ^£i ^"^ .,- . ;. -■■■' : 'J,, i-' 
 
 ' ■ : ,. • ■■■ ';■.. • ■■■ ■ '•: ■ ' f • ' '■'- ,';■ • - - ■'; 
 
 moment than your ruined garrison, and this wret- 
 ched country. — My time is very short — so pray 
 leave me — I WLsh you all comfort, and to be hap- 
 pily extricated from your present perplexities. " 
 He then addressed himself to his religious duties, 
 and passed the night wi'h the Bishop and his own 
 confessor. Before he died he paid the victorious 
 army this magnanimous compliment; — "Since it 
 was my misfortune to be discomfited and mortally 
 wounded, it is a great consolation to me to be van- 
 quished by so brave an enemy. If I could survive 
 this wound, I would engage to beat three times 
 the number of such forces as I commanded this 
 morning, with a third of British troops." 
 
 In 1761 application was made to M. Pitt by M. 
 de Bougainville for permission to forward to Que- 
 bec an epitaph engrave in marble by the Academy 
 of Inscriptions at Paris, to be place over the tomb 
 of Montcalm in the Ursuline Convent. This request 
 met with cordial acquiescence from the British 
 Monarch, but, from whatever cause, the intended 
 monument never reached this country. A plain 
 marble slab was, however, erected to his memory 
 in the Ursuline Chapel, by Lord Aylmer, when 
 Governor-in-Chief of these Provinces. It bears the 
 following simple inscription : 
 
 HONNEUR 
 h 
 
 MONTCALM, 
 
 LE DESTIN, EN LUI DISROBaNT 
 LA VICTOIRE, 
 
 L'a recompense par 
 
 UNE MORT GLORIEUSE ! 
 
. If 
 
 — 43 
 
 <i. lVOLF?C'S ARMY. 
 
 The total number of the British forces, of all 
 ranks, engaged in the decisive battle on the Plains 
 
 ;^^ of Abraham, was only 4826. The remainder of the 
 army was detached in charge of the posts at the 
 Island of Orleans and Point Levi. Small as their 
 numbers were, however, they were without ex- 
 ception veteran troops, accustomed to conquest, 
 and enjoying the advantage of being commanded 
 by officers of equal valor and judgment. The Louis- 
 bourg Grenadiers — companies selected from the 
 22nd, 40th and 45th regiments whose gallant con- 
 duct at the siege of Louisbourg had acquired for 
 
 . them their distinguishing title — burned with 
 the desire to aven e their defeat in trenches at 
 Beauport. It was at their head that Wolfe re- 
 ceived his fatal wound just as they advanced 
 against the enemy in the bayonet charge which 
 decided the contest. The 78th Highlanders and 
 58th regiment crowned *he success of the day by 
 their gallant pursuit of tht. French, sword in hand ; 
 and which service was, doubtless the cause of their 
 respective loss exceediag that of any other regiment. 
 " The French had formed the most frightful and 
 absurd notions of the Sauvages d'Eoosse, as they 
 called the Highlanders. They beleived that would 
 neither give nor take quarter, and that they were 
 so nimble that as no man could catch them, so 
 nobody could escape them — that no one had a 
 chance against their broad sword — that, with a 
 ferocity natural to savages, they made no pri- 
 
%.'/•.- 
 
 ■•-^;- 'c,':,«' :..*■> .' -..■--;• 4,4, :■...'■''' •; ::''--;-^-' - 
 
 soners, and spared neither man, woman nor ehild." 
 It is stated that Mr. Pitt, as a compensation for 
 the small force which General Wolfe had at his 
 command, gave him the appointment of his own 
 officcrs„ His choice was equally happy and saga- 
 . cious. His principal officers were all young like 
 himself but distinguished in this campaign no less 
 by the judgment of age than the fiery valor of 
 youth. A short sketch of their career will not be 
 uninteresting. 
 
 Brigadier-Genl. the Hon. Robert Monckton was 
 the second son of the first Viscount Qalway. He 
 was seriously wounded in the battle on the Plains, 
 but recovered soon after at New York where he 
 was appointed Governor in 1761. In the following 
 year, at the head of eighteen regiments, he pro- 
 '#ceeded against Martinique which was reduced. 
 The Windward Islands soon after were given up 
 to him by capitulation. He died a Lieut General, 
 in 1782. 
 
 General George Townshend, eldest son of Vis- 
 count Townshend, was born in 1724. He had served 
 at the battles of Dettingen, Culloden, and Lafoldt 
 previously to that of Quebec. In 1767 he was 
 appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, where gaiety 
 of his court, and the humour and kindness of his 
 disposition rendered him very popular. In 1787 
 he was erected Marquess Townshend. He died a 
 Field Marsliall and Colonel of the 2nd Dragoon 
 Guards, in 1807. 
 
 Brigadier General the Hon. James Murray was 
 son of the fourth Lord Elibank. As the first Eng- 
 

 ;■'■; V .;-■•;■■ .^ :. '■ —45 — ■. -. —::•■- :- 
 
 lish Governor hf Canada which position he filled 
 till 1766, his administration was noted for its 
 mildness and impartiality. In the responsible and 
 delicate office of governing a province which he 
 had assisted in reducing he acquitted himself ably, 
 developing equal talents as a stateman and a sol- 
 dier. In the latter capacity his courage must be 
 allowed to have verged upon rashness, at his fai- 
 lure in the bold attack upon Dr. Levi in which he 
 lost nearly one third of his garrison fully testifies. 
 He died a General in 1794. 
 
 Colonel Guy Carleton was born at Newry, in 
 1722. He was on four several occasions Gover- 
 nor of Canada, where he was greatly beloved by 
 all classes of the colonists. In 1775 he directed 
 the efforts of the gallant garrison of Quebec%gainst 
 the Americans. He was subsequently created Lord 
 Dorchester and a Knight of the Bath. He died 
 in 1808. ' " --^ - :- 
 
 The total strength of Montcalm's forces was 
 7,520 men, nearly 4000 of whom were regular 
 troops and the remainder composed of Militia, 
 Canadians and Indians. Inured to success under 
 their valiant leader, the latter were, it may be sup- 
 posed, but little inferior to the regiments of the 
 line, to this last struggle with the British troops, 
 on the success of which depended not only their 
 own liberties but the honor of their country, they 
 advanced with order in the hope and determina- 
 tion of crushing their invaders. But in spite of 
 their great numerical advantage, the undaunted 
 coolness and gallantry of the British, who had no 
 hope but in victory, carried the day. 
 
^, ■■>-'^ . ■ ^ . — 46 — \r : ■■■ ■•. •-;■■ 
 
 .' The Naval force, under the command of Ad- 
 miral Saunders and Rear Admirals Durell and 
 
 ^ Holmes, comprised 20 ships of the line, 2 of fifty 
 guns, 8 frigates, 9 sloops, 3 ketches, 3 fireships, 2 
 armed ships, 1 cutter and 1 storeship. Captain 
 Cook, afterwards so celebrated as a circumnaviga- 
 
 v> tor, was engaged in this expedition, of which some 
 of the most important duties in the navigation 
 were committed to his charge. ^ ^-^ .. .; 
 
 ::)V.:',. 
 
 vv ; 5. GENERAL. mONTOOMERY 
 
 ■ ' Ganeral Richard Montgomery was a native of 
 Ireland, of high family connections. He served 
 with distinction in the British Army, was a Cap- 
 tain in the 17th Regt. of Foot, and served at the 
 siege of Quebec, under WoJfe in 1759. He subse- 
 quently resigned his commission and embraced the 
 revolutionary cause in the American colonists, to 
 which he became more firmly attached by his mar- 
 riage with the daughter of Judge Livingston of 
 the State of New York. In the invasion of Ca- 
 nada he was invested with the command of the 
 American Forces, and the progress of his campaign 
 together with its fatal termination on the 31st De- 
 cember 1775 have already been described in another 
 part of this work. The exact spot on which he ; 
 was killed — at the foot of of the rock at Pres-de- 
 Ville — is indicated on the map. His body was 
 interred near St. Lewis Gate, within a wall |hat ^ 
 surrounded a powder magazine near the ramparts. 
 
i-r- , 
 
 '-■"■^ — 47 — ■ ■ ,■" ..'•^ ■' '■-■ 
 
 Nearly forty-three years after hi^ death — in 
 June 1818 — his remains were disinterred in com- 
 pliance with the request of his widow, and con- 
 veyed to New York. There they were deposited 
 in St. Paul's Church beneath a magnificent monu- 
 ment which had been erected by Congres to his 
 memory soon after his death. The identity of his 
 remains were established by the affidavit of Mr. 
 James Thompson a venerable survivor of Wolfe's 
 army, who served in the Engineer Department 
 during the siege of 1775, and was present at the 
 interment of General Montgomery's body. 
 
 ' •■>!' 
 
 S^-"^-,- y ■'S-:..'^-"'-'"^'"- 
 
 .-/, 
 
 - - . • .?-..- :\ ■,■■,■! ■ ■■ , :■ ■., I , ■ ^ ■■ jt .^ ■ •. • '■ 
 
 ' ' - - ;-' -" ■■ . m -J' .'■■■-•■ , ; .'■• - ■'. ■ ■•.. ■■*•' ■' - > ,•■ .:, V" 
 
 ■"■v. '. "'- .-;,'■•'.- ■ . "' - ■' ., -,■.■■-....■ " ' ■ . J ■ . . "^ ■ " .'.,•■ ;:,^ '■■■'■•" 
 
 ■ *-V. 
 
^-V'r r 
 
 THE CITY 
 
 T1I£ TERRACE. 
 
 Standing on the Terrace, the eastern part of 
 which is called the Durham Terrace and the 
 western the Dufferin Terrace, the beholder is 
 presented with a view which equals any in other 
 parts of the world. The promenade is about a 
 quarter of a mile in length and gives to the lover of 
 exercise unrivalled opportunities of indulging 
 therein. At the north end of the Terrace is an ele- 
 vator, connecting it with the Lower Town. Thither 
 flock in the evening the beauty and fashion of the 
 capital and few are the cities which can vie with 
 Quebec in the beauty of their women. Erected on 
 it are live kiosks, named respectively Plessis, 
 Frontenac, Lome and Louise, Dufferin and Victoria, 
 and also one for the use of bands of music in the 
 summer afternoons and evenings. Being at a ele- 
 vation of over two hundred feet, a magnificent 
 panorama stretches beneath one, which at the first 
 coup d'ceil is almost bewildering. The River St. 
 Lawrence, bearing on its bosom hundreds of ves- 
 sels of every descriptions, from the tiny canoe, 
 which from such a height appears but a spec, to 
 the terraced palace river boat and the huge ocean 
 steamship, flows majestically downward to the sea. 
 Opposite, in the distance, is the town of Levis, 
 crowning cliffs higher even than those of Quebec 
 
^ .' >■ , • ■ ''..'.'■" .'■ '•"■• *' ■ 
 
 ■: ••:^... -.-.-^rv:. . ; — 49 — ' ' ^.. '''•■: ' * 
 
 and where may be seen the three immense forts 
 erected by the English government at a cost of 
 $900,000, which render an attack from the south 
 an impraticable if not an impossible at- 
 tempt. Amid the groups of houses are distinguish- 
 able churches, convents and sciiools, while down- 
 wards is seen the spire of the Church of St. Joseph, 
 clustered round by a number of villas and cottages, 
 and jutting out into the river, the promontory 
 called Indian Point, once dotted by the wigwams 
 of the Mic-Macs but now inhabited by French 
 Canadians. Towards the east is the Island of 
 Orleans, once called the " Isle de Bacchus, " 
 from the quantity of grapes then so luxurious of 
 growth, but now no more, and again Y Isles des 
 Sorcieres, on account of the bad repute it had 
 gained in reference to evil spirits and ghosts, 
 which infested the island in times past. On either 
 side, the St. Lawrence passes onward under the 
 name of the North and the South Channels. On 
 the north shore, forty miles in the distance, frowns 
 Cap Tourment ; while, as the eye follows upwards, 
 along the shore are the villages of St. Anne, La 
 honne Ste. Anne, as lovingly called by the villagers, 
 Chateau Richer, L'Ange Guardien and Beauport. 
 
 'Nearly opposite the end of the Island is the inden- 
 tation, where rush forever the Falls of Montmo- 
 rency over the precipice, and from which rises a 
 pillar of fleecy mist. In the rear of all these tower, 
 range after range, the Laurentian Mountains, till 
 their blue summits are lost in the azure of the sky. 
 
 ■■; Beneath lies the Lower Town with its busy crowds, 
 4 
 
— 50 
 
 At the mouth of the St. Charles is the Custom 
 House, and immediately below the Terrace is the 
 Champlain Market Hall, an edifice the result of a • j 
 political job, whereby a noble Parliament House 
 was spoiled to give place to a useless Hall. Close ^ 
 
 < 
 
 *- 
 
 by it is the Church of Notre- Dame des Victoires, 
 built in 1615 by Champlain, called first Notre- 
 
— 51 — 
 
 Dame de la Victoire to record the defeat of 
 Admiral William Phipps in that year ; its present 
 name commemorates also the loss of the English 
 fleet under Sir Hevenden Walker in 1711. At the 
 foot of the cliff runs Champlain street, through 
 which, on the 31st December, 1775, Richard Mont- 
 gomery endeavored to lead an attack on tho city, 
 but met his death at a place close by, now marked 
 by a wooden sign with the inscription : " Here 
 Montgomery fell." B-^neath the steps leading from 
 Champlain street to Mountain Hill, called Break- 
 neck Stairs, was discovered some years ago the 
 tomb of Champlain. His house was in the vicinity 
 of the Church of Notre -Dame des Victoires. Pres-- 
 cott Gate, called after General Prescott, and demoli- 
 shed in 1871, stood at the spot where the city 
 walls are divided, close to the foot of the steps. 
 Opposite once stood the Bishop's Palace, and where 
 the first cemetery was esta^^^shed, from which in 
 late years have been taken bones and articles of 
 Indian workmanship. 
 
 THE UNION BiriLDINO. 
 
 To the north of the Place d'Armes is the Union 
 Building, where, in the year 1808, and for some 
 time afterwards, the famous Club of Barons, 
 comprising the principal men of the province and 
 city were went to hold their annjial dinners. It 
 was afterwards used as an hotel, and is now oc- 
 cupied by Mr. David Morgan's celebrated tailoring 
 establishment. 
 
;;■'! 
 
 — 52 — 
 
 THE W.Oi.r.^ 4c MONTCAL.M MONUMEJVT. 
 
 In the Upper Governor's Garden is the monu- 
 ment erected to Wolfe and Montcalm, the foun- 
 dation stone of which was laid by the Earl of 
 Dalhousie, the governor-in-chief, on the 15th May, 
 1827. It was taken down and rebuilt in 1871 at 
 the expenses of a few citizens. The following are 
 the incriptions : 
 
 Mortem, virtus, communem, , ■ 
 
 Famam Historia, 
 Monumentum Posteritas 
 Dedi. 
 
 HujuscG 
 
 Monumenti iu memoriam virorum illustrium, 
 
 Wolf et Montcalm. 
 
 Fundamentum P. C. 
 
 Georgius, Come de Dalhousie : 
 
 In septentrionalis Americse partibus 
 
 Summam rerum administrans : - 
 
 Opus per multoB annos prfetermissum 
 
 Quid duci egregio convenientius ? 
 
 Auctoritate promovens, exemplo stimulans 
 
 Munificentia fo^ens, 
 
 Die Novembrie xy. 
 
 A. D. MDCCCXXVII, 
 
 Georgio iv, Britanniarum Rege. 
 
 In passing the gate of the building heretofore 
 occu^)ied as the Normal School, the stranger may 
 notice a stone which has been incorporated into 
 the wall bearing the date 1647, and having a 
 Maltese cross cut upon it. It was the foundation 
 
— 53 — 
 
 stone of the ancient Castle of St. Louis and laid by 
 the governor, M. de Montmagny, a Knight of 
 Malta. 
 
 THE ElVOLiISH CATHEDRAI.. 
 
 To the west of the Place 4'Armes is the English 
 Cathedral, built on the ground, where once stood 
 the ancient church of the Recollets and their con- 
 vent, which were destroyed by the fire in 1796. 
 The present building was consecrated in 1804; it 
 is built in the Roman style of architecture, and its 
 mural monuments are very fine. In the north-east^ ,. 
 corner of the Cathedral close once stood the vene- 
 rable elm tree, under which Jacques Cartier first 
 assembled his followers on their arrival in the 
 colony, and there are now some magnificent linden 
 trees ornamenting the enclosure. The elm was 
 blown down on the 6th September, 1845. 
 
 THE PEACE D'ARMES. 
 
 The ring, or Place d'Armes, where the Hurons, 
 who had been driven from Lake Simcoe, encamped 
 in 1650, constituted in the time of the French the 
 Grande Place, where military parades were held 
 and public meetings called, and was the fashionable 
 promenade of the day. • 
 
 To the south of the Cathedrale are the Rectory 
 and the Chapel of All Souls, in rear of which once 
 stood the old Court House, destroyed by tire in 
 
:Vii 
 
 . »- 54 _ rr-,:: 
 
 1873, and with it the records and law proceedings 
 of over two centuries. It is now being rebuilt on 
 a more extensive scale. 
 
 L.A MAISON DU CHIEN D'OR. 
 
 Pass-ing to the north by Fort street, we come to 
 a handsome building, the Post Office, erected in 
 1873, on the site of the old building, which has a 
 world of history connected with it. The famous 
 Golden Gog, a puzzle to so many, occupies its old 
 position above the door on Buade street, just op- 
 posite the Chien d'Or restaurant, as much resorted 
 to in these days as was the site of the Post Office, 
 when Admiral Nelson and Montgomery frequented 
 it. Underneath the Golden dog are the lines : 
 
 
 Je suis un chien qui ronge I'os, 
 
 ??>•;'-•'" En le rcngeant je prends mon repos, ^'4:; ^ 
 
 , iw"; Un temps viendra qui n'est pas venu, v :1 /■'• ' 
 
 Que je mordray qui m'aura mordu. ... 
 
 In demolishing the ancient structure, a corner 
 stone was found, on which was cut a St. Andrew's 
 cross between the letters PH, under the date 1735. 
 On this was found a piece of lead ^Dearing the 
 following inscription : 
 
 V, NiooEAs Jaques, , . V'- 
 
 dit Philiber ' '^v 
 
 m'a pos6 le 26 Aout, • ' v 
 
 1735. 
 
 The story in connection therewith is told as fol- 
 lows : — h> this building lived a wealhty merchant 
 
ZyX'y 
 
 of the name of Philibert, who had many causes of 
 complaint against the Intendant, whose high po- 
 sition could not easily be assailed by the simple 
 merchant without suffering severe retaliation ; he 
 therefore satisfied his revenge by placing the 
 Golden Dog, with the attendant lines, above his 
 door. Among other things the Intendant had or- 
 ganized a vast trade monopoly, which received the 
 name of La Friponne, whose transactions and 
 dealing were most oppressive to the people, and in 
 this he was resisted and sometimes circumvented 
 by Mr. Philibert. It is also said that to annoy Mr. . 
 Philibert, the Intendant, the infamous, Bigot, 
 quartered troops upon the Chien d'Or. Be this as 
 it may, a quarrel ensued between Mr. Philibert and 
 Mons. de la Repentigny, boon companion of Bigot 
 in which the former was fatally wounded and the 
 latter fled to Nova Scotia, then Acadia, till he receiv- 
 ed his freedom from the king of France, Louis XIV, 
 whereon he returned to Quebec. After the siege of 
 1759, he went to Pondicherrey, where, meeting 
 the son of his victim, he was killed by him in a 
 duel. There are several versions of this tradition, 
 but the above seems to be most correct. 
 
 A less tragic occurence took place a few years 
 later in the Chien d'Or building. Miles Prentice, 
 who had come out as a sergeant in the 78th Regi- 
 ment, under Wolfe, opened an inn in the building, 
 then known as the Masonic Hall, to which inn re- 
 sorted all the fashionables of the day, among 
 whom was, in 1782, Captain, afterwards Admiral 
 Nelson, then commading H. M. S. " Albemarle," of 
 
--- 5Q -^ 
 
 26 guns. Miles Prentice had a niece, Miss Simpson, 
 daughter of Sandy Simpson, whose charms so cap- ' 
 tivated the embryo Admiral, that when his vessel 
 had sailed from port, he clandestinely returned 
 for the purpose of wedding " the maid of the inn," j 
 which purpose was defeated by Mr. Alexander 
 Davidson, then a Quebec merchant, who, with the 
 assistance of the boat's crew, forcibly carried the 
 amorous captain on board his vessel. This timely 
 interference gained for England many a glorious 
 naval victory, and lost for Lady Hamilton her 
 good name. It was Mrs. Prentice who recognized 
 the body of Richard Montgomery after the inef- 
 fectual attempt of December 1st, 1775. A horrible 
 suicide is another of the incidents of the Chien 
 d'Or. 
 
 Passing along Buade street, we come to the 
 building now occupied as a printing office by the 
 Messrs. Brousseau, the scene of the thrilling 
 events of 1690, recorded in the historical romance 
 of Frangois de Bienville, by Mr. Marmette. 
 
 TWE MARKET SQUARE. 
 
 In the centre of the Square once stood the 
 Market Hall, a very old world looking structure 
 of many corners and angles. Across to the west, 
 is a vacant.space, the site of the Jesuits' Barracks, 
 formerly the College of Jesuits, the foundations of 
 which were laid in 1635. The building was des- 
 troyed by fire in 1640, and again rebuilt. It oc- 
 
\ . 
 
 _ 57 ^-p-rr-l?':- 
 
 cupied the four sides of a square, and revelled in- ,. 
 immense corridors and gloomy passages, while im- 
 pregnable vaults and cells abounded in the ground 
 basement. They were taken possession of by the . 
 English as barracks, and continued to be used as f : .. 
 such till the withdrawal of the Imperial troops; a ;•- > 
 short time after which they were razed to the 
 ground by order of the Dominion Government. . 
 This is the end of one of the most noted of Quebec's _ 
 ancient structures. '; - 
 
 To the south of the Square is the restaurant of ; ^V, ' 
 Mr. Grondin, which was the first inn in Quebec, - 
 kept in 1648 by one Jacques B jisdon, then having; 
 the sign " Au Baril d'Or," with the added words, " 
 " J'en bois done." Jacques Boisdon had the right 
 by deed, signed by M. D'Ailleboust, Pere Lalement, 
 and the Soeurs Chavigny, Godfroi and Giffard, to ' 
 serve his guests, provided it was not during mass, : 
 the sermon, catechism, or vespers. :; 
 
 To the north of the Square are the stores of ^ 
 
 Messrs. Fisher & Blouin, saddlers, and that of Mr. 
 Seifert, jeweller ; where, in 1810, resided General 
 Brock, the hero of Queenstown Heights. 
 
 ^ . ^■■. 
 
 ■V: 
 
 
\: M. 
 
 58 
 
 
 Monseigneur de Laval. 
 
 •■■■•TV .,■."4. 
 
 THE BASII.ICA« 
 
 >Ai. 
 
 V :* 
 
 The French Cathedral raised to the rank of 
 Basilica Minor in 1874, was consecrated in 1666, 
 by Monseigneur de Laval, who arrived from France 
 in 1659, on the 6th June, under the title of Bishop 
 of Petrea. He was the first Bishop of the colony, 
 but on account of failing health was obliged to 
 retire from his arduous labors, and was succeeded 
 
W '::''.■'/':- • — 59 — • ■; ' : 
 
 by Monseigneur de St. Valier. The construction of 
 the church in rear of the altar rails is a copy of 
 St. Peter's at Rome. In the church are several 
 valuable paintings. / >\. ' 
 
 The "Conception, after Lebrun by an Unknown Artist. 
 
 St. Pan!, by Carlo Maratti. 
 
 Christ, attended by Ang-ls, by Ristout. "^ 
 
 The flight of Mary and Joseph, a Copy, by T. Hamel. 
 
 Christ by Van Dyck. > . • 
 
 Nativity of Christ, Copy of Guido. ,: ^ /. -^ 
 
 Christ Submitting to the Soldiers, by Fleuret. ; , . . ", 
 
 Pentecost, by Vigiion. 
 
 The Holy Family, by Jacques Blanchard. 
 
 The Annunciation, by Jean Eistout. . ' 
 
 St. Anne and the Tomb of the Savious, by Plamoudon. 
 
 Birth of Christ, by Annibal Carrache. 
 
 Altar, Miracle of St. Ann, by A. Plamondon. ,. . -^ ' 
 
 The s'acr63 vestments may be seen on application 
 to the verger. They are the finest in America. 
 The building was greatly injured by the siege of 
 1759, and some paintings utterly destroyed. 
 
 
 ,r 
 
 •ir J- ■>•> 
 
 SEMINARY CHAPEL.^ 
 
 This building is quite a new structure, the ori- 
 ginal building being destroyed by fire in the year 
 1889, with a large collectiou of yaluabli^ Paintings 
 by celebrated Masters. *r *! >^ --- '^-^^, > 
 
 Passing through the gate, the visitor finds him- 
 self on the Seminary Square, on three side of, 
 
 ' .r- 
 
-\\ 
 
 — 60 
 
 which is the Seminary, which was founded in 1663 
 by Monseigneur de Laval. The building was des- 
 troyed by tire on the 15th November, 1701, and 
 
 J.. 
 
 Seminary Chapel. 
 
 was rebuilt and again destroyed on the 1st October, 
 1705, when it was again rebuilt, but almost en- 
 
 
 
( 
 
 — 61 — 
 
 tirely demolished during the siege of 1759. The 
 College is divided into the Grand Seminary, a 
 school of divinity having seven professors and 
 about thirty-four students, and the Petit Seminary, 
 for general education, having about six iiundred 
 pupils, instructed by over forty professors. Pass- 
 ing through the interminable corridors, the lower 
 one of which is partly under ground and lighted 
 by barred windows, one becomes bewildered and 
 might lose himself in the endless turnings and des- 
 cents. One may easily imagine himself in the dim 
 periods of the Middle Ages, an illusion rendered 
 more vivid by the sombre figures of robed priests 
 pacing up and down the vast galleries. 
 
 Within the last year or so a very large addition 
 has been made to the buildings, which was very 
 much needed to accommodate the great number of 
 pupils attending the Seminary. They with those 
 of the Laval University occupy a large extent of 
 ground in one of the finest portions of the city. 
 
 , THE I.AVAL, UNIVERSITY. 
 
 may be reached hy a passage from the Seminary, ^ 
 or by the front entrance. The boarding-house is 
 separated from the principal building, as is also 
 the School of Medecine. The structure was erected 
 in 1857, first founded by Monseigneur de Laval, 
 fc nd is under the protection of His Eminence Car- 
 dinal Alexandre Franchi. The visitor is His Grace 
 
 
*■- 
 
 i\ 
 — 62 — ^ 
 
 the Archbishop of Quebec and the rector. T)iore 
 are four chair : — Theology, Law, Medicine and Art, 
 there being thirty-four professors and nearly three 
 hundred students. Seven colleges and seminaries 
 are affiliated with the University. There are 
 several large halls, containing the Museums of 
 Geology, Natural History, Arts and Sciences. The 
 Picture Gallery is yearly receiving large additions, 
 while the library is the largest in Canada, and is 
 rich in valuable MSS, relating to the early history 
 of the country. From the promenade on the roof 
 a magnificent view of the valley of the St. Charles 
 and down the St. Lawrence can be had. This 
 University is every day becoming more popular, 
 not only with the French Canadians, but through- 
 out the Dominion and the United States, 
 '^ The remains of Monseigneur de Laval, which had 
 been interred after his death, 6th May, 1708, in the 
 Basilica, and afterwards exhumed and reinterred 
 in the same place by Mgr Pontbriand, was discover- 
 ed during some excavations in the Basilica in 1877, 
 and \^ere reinterred with great ceremony and 
 pomp on the 23rd May 1878, a procession bearing 
 the remains and visiting the four churches, which 
 it is said were called at by the first funeral cortege ; 
 the Seminary Chapel, the Ursuline Chapel, the 
 Congregational Chapel, and the St. Patrick's 
 Church in lieu of the Recollet Church, no longer 
 in existence. On this occasion, 100 guns were fired 
 at intervals of one minute and a half, from the 
 Jesuit Barracks yard, by the Volunteer Field 
 Battery. ;.,,.,.,, ,.v,,:,.,.,.,-.,^. .-,..,.. ,.,,.,,., ., .,,, 
 
 

 — 63 — . ' ^ ..;■'■ \ 
 
 THE BATTERY. 
 
 Leaving the University by the eastern entrance 
 the visitor finds himself on the Battery, following 
 are the names of the different batteries, extending 
 from the site of the Parliament Building to Palace 
 Gate : The Assembly Battery, 9 guns ; the Grand 
 Battery, 17 guns ; the St. Charles Battory, 2 guns 
 and 3 bombs ; Half Moon Battery, 1 gun ; Hope 
 Gate Battery, 4 guns ; Montcalm Battery, 4 guns ; 
 Nunnery Battery, No. 2, 4 guns and 2 howitzers ; 
 Nunnery Battery, IS'o. 1, 2 guns and 2 howitzers. 
 In addition to these there are, in the Lower Gov- 
 ernor's Garden and beneath the Dufferin Terrace, 
 Wolfe's Battery of 4 guns and 1 Pallisser cannon, 
 and two minor batteries with 4 guns. ' >: 
 
 Hope Gate, like the others, has been demolished, 
 and a promenade occupies the site of the former 
 block house. At a short distance to the ivest of 
 this promenade is the residence of Montcalm now 
 converted into ordinary dwelling-houses. v 
 
 Proceeding along by the Battery road, the view 
 of the St. Charles valley and the Laurentides is 
 enchanting, and the suburbs of St. Roch stretch by 
 the banks of the meandering St. Charles till the 
 merge into green fields and happy-looking faVms. 
 The next gate is Palace Gate, demolished beyond 
 recognition. Its guard house is now no more, and 
 the barracks, which once stood on the opposite 
 side of the street, were one Chris mas night des-, 
 troyed by fire, the result of the freedom allowed to 
 the men by the colonel. The consumption of li- 
 
 -<u. 
 
:Av.:,^-:-v^'- 
 
 ■>■•..' 
 
 
 ■*',:.;^v"','';- ■ v""^' ^' ■' — 64 •— ■■.' '^i'l'h/: ,5''-'' -^vi" 
 
 ;;•;': quors generated carelessness, which ended in a 
 Vf'^", mass of ruins on the following morning. 
 
 --- Outside the gate, at the foot of the hill, in roar 
 '-. of Bos well's Brewery, is all that remains of the 
 . Intendant's Palace, once the abode of luxury, the 
 scene of revelry and debauchery, a building which 
 outshone in splendor and magnificence the Castle 
 r . of St. Louis, and whose lords considered thein- 
 ., selves the equals, if not the superiors, of the 
 " governors. Here the infamous Bigot concocted the j 
 ^ nefarious plottings of the Friponne; here he I 
 ' / squandered the thousands which he robbed from j 
 the Public Treasury, and pilfered from the down- '\ 
 -\ trodden inhabitants of New France. His princely 
 ;. mansion now serves but as vaults for casks and 
 
 -> puncheons of ale and porter. - ^- 
 
 • : , In close proximity to the Artillery Barracks are 
 
 what were once the officers' quarters, delightfully 
 
 '' situated in a shaded park, rejoicing in a shubbery, 
 
 ■ wild and luxurious, forming the beau ideal of cool 
 
 retreats, amidst piles of brick and mortar. It is 
 
 / now occupied as a military laboratory for the 
 
 v^- manufacture of ammunition for the Canadian 
 
 - Government. 
 
 'r/':--' ■■' 'r-:-'-W.;''.'-'^:^:'- ''•-■?-•■ :.^^^^ :■•:::■- -yi^ : : 
 
 ;. ,, V J ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^ modern structure, which might as 
 
 -■; well been left unbuilt. The old gate was found to 
 
 be such an obstruction to general traffic and travel 
 
 that it had to be demolished, there being through 
 
 it, but one passage, which was so narrow that only 
 
i'.'J 
 
 ■^'^■■■-■■-^^^^^^ •;•/•;■■■ .. 
 
 a single vehicle at a time could pass, and foot 
 passengers could get through with diflficulty. The 
 present gate had to be built, for the English 
 G(jvemment insisted upon the old one being re- 
 placed in case of war. It has no advantage and is 
 a very drawback, as the upper part is not imper- 
 vious to water, which continuously falls upon 
 passing under it. Opposite the gate, within the 
 walls, is one of the old buildings, but it has outlived 
 its story, and imagination has not unraved it. It is 
 occupied by Mr. Johnson, a baker. 
 
 
 - ■il -u- 
 
 :'Vi: '•;.',>^" THE ESPI^AIVADE. 
 
 On D'Auteui) Hill, where a street has been cut 
 through the city walls, is the Kent Gate the foun- 
 dation stone of which was laid by H. R. H. the 
 Princess Louise in June 1879. It is a very hand- 
 some erection, built in the Norman style with a 
 turret, from which can be had a magnificent view 
 of the valley of the St. Charles and River St. 
 Lawrence. Near by is the Church of the Congre- 
 gation. In this church were committed a daring 
 robbery and sacrilege ; the altar ornaments being 
 stolen by a man named Chambers and his gang, 
 who, at the time, over forty years ago, inaugurated 
 a reign of terror by their astounding and many 
 robberies. Of this last crime, however, he and his 
 gang were found guilty and were transported. 
 Opposite is the Esplanade, which runs as far as St. 
 Louis street, and is bounded to the west by the 
 6 -■-^■: 
 
city walls. From the summit one can trace th6 old 
 French fortification which defended the city in its 
 early history ; but these are fast disappearing ; 
 road-makers and house-builders are using up the 
 material, and there is no one to say nay to the 
 vandals. Before the withdrawal of the Imperial 
 troops, the Esplanade was strictly guarded ; sen- 
 tinels patrolled the ram ports, and no thoroughfare 
 was allowed after gun fire. But it is now the 
 resort of the athletic clubs in the city ; lacrosse,, 
 foot ball, base-ball, cricket and other games are 
 played there continually during the summer, and 
 snow-hoeing an^l tobagganing are the amusements 
 of winter. The Band of A Battery, at times 
 delighted the promenaders with their evening con- 
 cert till they were transferred to the Terrace and 
 here also the Military of the Citadel and the 
 volunters perform theii' evolutions. There are still 
 some remnants of past glory. A few dismounted 
 cannon may be found on the ramparts, while a 
 dozen more lie side by side on the ground beneath 
 these, and the sentinel poplars still keep there 
 watch as of yore. >'^ .. ^.^ : : :■::^ 
 
 - THE OARRISOIV CL.UB. 
 
 The building next the foot of Citadel Hill, of 
 one story, was formerly occupied by the Royal 
 Engineers, and is now used by the Quebec Gar- 
 rison Club, composed of officers of B Battery and 
 citizens. 
 
,«,. 
 
 
 ■.">^^'''t; ' •' --V'.^ ^' "•'" " 
 
 >•; ;■', 
 
 ^ 
 
 67 
 
 ■J^" . 
 
 ■> ^ 
 
 THE CITADEL. 
 
 At the top of the Hill is the Chain Gate, by 
 which access to the trenches is gained ; and to the 
 Citadel the visitor passes through Dalhousie Gate, 
 called so after Lord Dalhousie, once a governor of 
 the colony. At this gate a guard is stationed, and 
 visitors are furnished with a guide to show them 
 over the Citadel. Behind the walls are casemated 
 barracks for the troops, and these are loopholed for 
 musketry, so as to command the trenches, while 
 on the summits are cannon, commanding all ap- 
 proaches to the city landward, and on the opposite 
 side are batteries commanding the harbor. Two 
 Armstrong guns are here mounted, as also a huge 
 Palliser. Across the Citadel Square are the officers 
 quarters ; stores for ammunition, stables and other 
 buildings occupy the western portion of the Square. 
 To the south, directly overlooking the river, is the 
 Flagstaff Bastion, on which is mounted an Arms- 
 trong gun. This battery is over three hundred and 
 fifty feet above low water and the view from it is 
 the grandest in world, commanding the river up and 
 down for many miles. To the west are the Plains 
 of Abraham, where was fought the decisive battle 
 of 13th September, 1759. Three Martello Towers, 
 built in 1812 are to be seen, constructed weak to- 
 wards the city, so as easily to be destroyed in the 
 event of capture, and strong on the outer side, 
 having cannon mounted. Immense military stores 
 constantly kept ready for use in the Citadel, and 
 arms for twenty thousand are ready at a moment's 
 
 ■v .■> 
 
xi: 
 
 ■■'■ ^^ * t:„.i 
 
 -.v„. '->;,: «'vv,. •■„ ,/ ::-'^:y; ■■.■.-.. 68 — ;;•■•' -^v ^..--H.. 
 
 . ■■( <,■■-'■ ,.r*;; " - ■ . ;• ■ 
 
 ■ ':- ' «. ■:'■■ ■ ■■- -■t.' ''^ ..■■".' 
 
 -.1. ,..1 , .\ - .w ,■■' , .. , . I 
 
 notice. In the event of the capture of the city, it 
 could easily be destroyed from the Citadel. The 
 B Battery, consisting of about two hundred rank 
 and file, is now quartered there, and seeras but a 
 handful in the immense forteress. 
 
 Among the improvements proposed by the Earl 
 of Dufferin was the construction of a new Castle 
 of St. Louis in the Citadel, in the Norman style of 
 architecture, to be the residence set apart for the 
 Governor General of Canada, but that scheme is 
 not likely to be carried out, ' 
 
 . «T. L.01JIS STREET. .f;>, a:'..;. 
 
 Descending the Citadel Hill, we return to St. 
 Louis street. At a short distance on the left hand 
 side, is the City Hall, built on the site of the house 
 once occupied by the chemist, M. Arnous, to which, 
 as stated by some, Montcalm was carried from the 
 Plains of Abraham after being wounded. The third 
 house from the next corner on the same side, is 
 where General Montgomery's body was taken on 
 that fatal 31st Dec, 1775. It was then occupied by 
 a cooper named Gaubert, and from it the body was 
 taken and buried, as aboved mentioned, at the foot 
 of Citadel Hill. 
 
 Further down the street, on the right hand side, 
 is a large building, now occupied by Col. Forest, 
 which Intendant Bigot, with his wonted liberality 
 with things not belonging to him, presented to his 
 mistress, the beautiful Angelique Meloises, the 
 
<^^; 
 
 'r ■.■"■■ 
 
 — 89 — /: 
 
 ^Ife of De Paen, Bigot's chief assistant in all his : 
 nefarious transactions. After Bigot had returned 
 to France, stripped of his honors and of his ill- 
 gotten wealth, and branded with the name of thief, 
 Madame De Paen was not forgetful of her quon- 
 dam lover, but, out of the spoils she had managed : 
 to keep safe, allowed him a moderate competency. 
 Mr. Kirby, in his historical romance, " The Golden 
 Doo-," has woven an exceedingly intricate and ex- 
 citing plot out of the loves of these two personages. 
 The residence of the fair and proud Angelique be- 
 came, under English rule, quarters for officers not 
 residing in the Citadel, and the buildings in rear 
 were used as the Military Hospital. These build- 
 ings from an hospital have become Her Majesty's 
 Courts of Law in this district, much to the disgust, 
 inconvenience and general dissatisfaction of the 
 gentlemen of the long robe. 
 
 In rear of these present Courts of Law is a hill 
 called Mount Carmel, on which, in the time of the 
 French domination, stood a wind-mill, turned into 
 a tower of defense by a heavy cannon mounted 
 thereon for the protection of the colony, against 
 the inroads of the warlike Iroquois. The wind-mill 
 has disappeared, but in the spring-time the lilac 
 trees on its summit present a most delightful sight, 
 while the delicious odor from them is some com- 
 pensation to those who have to practice law in the 
 buildings beneath. 
 
 Further down St. Louis street, on the same side, 
 are two small houses irregularly located, which 
 cannot fail of attracting notice by their ancient 
 
- 70 - ■ 
 
 style of architecture ; the immense thickness of 
 their walls, their small doors and windows, the 
 lowness of their basement story, in fact their only 
 story, their huge chimneys and their peaked roots 
 mark them as of the old time. But, like the house 
 near St. John's Gate, they have outlived their his- 
 tory ; their position must have had a romantic side 
 to it, so near to the naughty De Paen, so close to 
 the Ursuline Convent, aud Mad. de la Peltries 
 habitation, and lying secure beneath the protecting 
 tower on Mount Carmel, besides the stream which 
 history tells us flowed down from the Cape to the 
 River St. Charles. 
 
 THE IIRSIJ1L.I]«E COIVVENT 
 
 Passing down the street opposite these old fash- 
 ioned stiuctures, we come to the Ursuline Convent 
 and Chapel, which lie the remains of the brave 
 Montcalm. Madame De la Peltrie, a pious French 
 lady, founded the Convent in 1641, and as is usual 
 with all buildings of that time, it was destroyed 
 by fire, m 1650. Being rebuilt, it was again des- 
 troyed on 21st Oct, 1686. On both these occa- 
 sions, the Ursuline nuns were received by the Hos- 
 pitalieres Nuns of the Hdtel Dieu. It was again 
 rebuilt, the'whole colony assisting in its construc- 
 tion ; so loved and esteemed were Madame De la 
 Peltrie and the Ursulines. The Convent has been 
 greatly enlarged during the last few years. A gar- 
 den is m the rear, in which about twenty years 
 ago was a monarch as tree. 
 
— 71 — 
 
 ■'^:,'^- 
 
 •rV. "■■••];;/■.•' • 
 
 -4-» 
 
 d 
 
 > 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 O 
 
 
__ 72 — .^J:'--^' ■:■:■: 
 
 The Chapel of St. Ursula is alongside the Con- 
 vent and possesses many valuable paintings, as 
 follows : 
 
 J4suB sitting down at meat in Simon's house. Ph. de Chamjtagne. 
 
 Death of St. Jerome 
 
 Bishop St. Nonus admitting to penance St. 
 
 Pdlagie J. Prudhomme, 1737 
 
 The wise and foolish virgins From Florence. 
 
 The miraculous draught of fishes De Dieu, 1741. •■■;■' 
 
 The Virgin, the Infant and St. Catherine. ■ -, • -^.:;^ 
 
 St Theresa in ecstasy . ". 
 
 The Annunciatir X^ ; -^ - 
 
 Christ's adoration by the shepherds ...... ' '*V i 
 
 The Savior exhibiting his heart - '.'A 
 
 The Saviour preaching Champagne. 
 
 The portrait of the Savior according to St. 
 
 ■■:^':y Luke «r',::.' •:'v;=\';.r ■;'■■■■;"'■ 
 
 The Virgin and Infant 
 
 Redemption of Captives at Algiers, by the 
 
 Reverend Father of Mercy Ristout. 
 
 France offering religion to the Indians of 
 
 Canada, an allegory by a Franciscan, ,. . 
 
 1700 " ' 
 
 St. Peter concealing himself to witness the 
 
 sufferings of Christ Spanish School . 
 
 A monument to the memory of Montcalm, erect- 
 ed Sept. 14th, 1859, deserves attention. One to 
 the memory of Montcalm was also erected by Lotd 
 Aylmer in 1832. 
 
 The following relics are in the Chapel and Con- 
 vent : The body of St. Clements, from the Cata- 
 combs of Rome, brought to the Ursulines in 1687. 
 The skull of one of the companions of St. Ursula, 
 1675 ; the skull of St. Justus, 1662, a piece of the 
 Holy Cross, 1667 ; a portiod of the Crown of 
 Thorns, brought from Paris in 1830. 
 

 
 'f;,M — 73 — 
 
 Opposite the Chapel is the site of Madame De 
 la Peltrie's house, whereon is now a cut-stone 
 
 house. •—>;■;..■•■■:.. v*!:.. V . V •. •■ •:' ■ ". "' .^' , 
 
 Turning up Garden street, (we may mention that 
 it was through this street that Theller and Do ige 
 passed after their perilous descent from the Citadel 
 towards Hope Gate), we find two more old- 
 fashioned houses on the right hand corner, facing 
 the St. Louis Hotel, one a hair-dresser's establish- 
 ment by Mr.^ Williams, and the other a saloon, 
 called the Montcalm Cottage. They have under- 
 gone some modernizing touches but are of the 
 same style of architecture as the above mentioned. 
 In them it is said Montcalm established his head 
 quarters, and here, probably, he discussed with his 
 officers the action to be taken against the enemy, 
 when they appeared on the open field, rather 
 than remain entrenched behind the city walls — 
 a dicision which proved so fatal to victor and 
 vanquished, and which gained for England the 
 Dominion of Canada, and lost to the French King 
 what contemptuously designated " a few acres of 
 snow." On the opposite cornor is the Masonic Hall, 
 on the ground flat of which is Mr. Gustave Leve's 
 office for the issue of tickets by all the railroad 
 and steamhip lines in Canada, the United States 
 and Europe. In the same building is the agency 
 of the Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa and Occidental 
 railway. « ; 
 
 Opposite is the St. Louis Hotel, the best in the 
 city as regards locality and everything else. To 
 the right of the hotel is the Music Hall. To the 
 
 

 . .. r^^ 
 
 •" ■:•'/"•■■;.■.■ "' ••■■;■ '•' /:■' — 74 — • ■'": 
 
 east IS the building which was once the residence 
 of the Duke of Kent, the father of Her Majesty, 
 Queen Victoria. In 1791, he enlivened the 4lite of 
 Quebec socity by his dinners and petits soupers, 
 presided over by the beautiful Madame St. Lau- 
 rent, which too often attained a doubtful celebrity. 
 When passing down Palace street, the visitor will 
 notice a statue of General Wolfe, in a niche in front 
 of the house, at the v/esterly corner of Palace and 
 John streets. This statue, carved by the bi others 
 Cholet for Mr. Hipps, a butcher, proprietor of the 
 existing house, was placed by him in the nich, in 
 1771. The Albion Hotel is on the right hand side 
 of the street, and directly opposite it is an old- 
 fashioned buildings with the distinguishing thick 
 walls and cavernous vaults of the French era; in 
 this house resided M. Brassard Duchesnaux, the 
 bosom friend of the infamous intendant Bigot. 
 
 "■-^'v-^ >"^'-THE IIOTEI.-DIEtJ. v ■- Si^'x-v'^-- 
 
 On the opposite side of the street, at a short 
 distance, is the entrance to the Hotel-Dieu Con- 
 vent and Hospital, founded in 1689 by the Du- 
 chesse d'Ai^aillon, who brought out the Hospita- 
 lieres Nuns and placed them in charge. Prior to 
 the siege of 1759 it was destroyed by fire, and 
 afterwards rebult. It consists of a convent and 
 hospital in which patients are treated gratis. At 
 times, the house of these benevolent ladies is filled 
 with unfortunate invalids, who receive unremit-- 
 ting care and attention from the sisterhood. The 
 
'.r -■' ■-■■ \ •.. '^ ■:- . -■••:. •' ■ ' 
 
 '-.- V ^ , ■- ;^ 
 
 t 
 
 — 75 — 
 
 bones of the mai tyr, the Rev. Father Gabriel Lale- 
 ment and the skull of Father Brebeuf, are depo- 
 sited in the convent. The entrance to +he chapel 
 is on Charlevoix street. Some fine paintings adorn 
 the walls. 
 
 The Nativily Stella. 
 
 The Virgin and Child Noel Coypol. . ,' . , '' 
 
 Vision of St. Tiicaese Geul Mansigeot. 
 
 St Bruno in meditation Eustache LeSueur. 
 
 The descent from the Cross Copy by riamoudon. 
 
 The Twelve Apostles Copy, by Baillairge the elder. 
 
 The Monk ia prayer j De Zurbaran. ; 
 
 -.tr • 
 
 ST. PATRICK'S CHURCH. 
 
 In the adjoining street (McMahon) is St. Pa- 
 trick's Church, erected in 1832, now under th» • 
 administration of the Redemptorist Fathers. It has 
 been enlarged and greatly improved, by frescoeing 
 the walls and ceilings A magnificent organ has 
 also been erected. Attached to it is the Presby- 
 tery, and in rear of it is the St. Patrick's Catholic 
 Literary Institute, founded in 1852. 
 
 ;%? :-\^^^ .^^- TRIIVETY CHAPEL.. "•''-•■ 'v-'f'? -v. 
 
 The Trinity Chapel (Episcopal), in St. Stanis- 
 laus street, was for some years used by the mili- 
 tary, and was closed after the withdrawal of the 
 troops but is now again in use. 
 
v., ■-:,:,;/■ ,, - _ 76 - . 
 
 THE mETIIODIST ClilJIlCH. 
 
 At the top of the same hill is the Methodist 
 Church, erected in 1850, in a flamboyant style of 
 architecture. It seats about 1,()00. y^>';»^^i r 
 
 ST. ANDREW'S CHURCH. 
 
 Close at hand is St. Andrew's Church, built in 
 1810 and enlarged in 1821. It accommodates 1,500 
 persons, A mance and school house are attached. 
 The Reverend Dr. Cook has been the pastor for 
 the last forty years. f! r 
 
 .^'A; 
 '--'-.' 
 
 MORRIN COLLEGE. 
 
 
 In a building, which was formerly the district 
 gaol, erected in 1814, at a cost of $60,000, is the 
 Morrin College, which was founded by the magni- 
 ficent endowment of the late Dr. Morrin of Quebec, 
 in 1860, incorporated by Provincial Act of Parlia- 
 ment, in 1861, and opened in November, 1862. It 
 is affiliated with McGill University of Montreal. 
 Its faculty of Divinity is in connection with the 
 Church of Scotland. The late Mr. Justice Ay 1 win 
 presented it with his valuable Law Library. 
 
— 77 — 
 
 THE LITERARY AND IIISTORICAI. 
 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 This Society which was founded by Lord Dal- 
 housie in 1824, has its rooms in Moriin College. 
 It has a large library and an extensive museum, •> 
 and is in a flourishing (Condition. ^ 
 
 INSTITUT €ANA1>1EJ\. ••v"^' " - - ■ 
 
 ' ■ s» 
 
 This Society is in a building on Fabrique street 
 and has a large roll of merabers. 
 
 THE WOIflEBT'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION 
 
 is situate on St. Anne street, nearly opposite 
 Morrin College court. 
 
 THE IIIOII SCHOOL.. 
 
 The Quebec High School is a handsome build- 
 ing, situate m St. Denis street, at the foot of the 
 Glacis stretching downwards from the Citadel. It 
 was established in 1845, and many of the leading 
 men of the city have received their education 
 within its walls. 
 
 CHAEHIERS' CHURCH 
 
 in St. Ursule street, built after the Gothic style, 
 was erected in 1852. It seats about 900 persons. 
 

 . , •■- ;. -. ••:,.. _ 78 - ^ ;:.^.^,.^^■-^;J■^. 
 This church was the scene of the Gavazzi riot, 
 which took place in 1859, and was the cause of 
 much imbitterment between the Roman Catholics 
 and Protestants of the city, happily long since 
 subsided. 
 
 THE BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 is a small building in McMahon street, opposite 
 the entrance to the Artillery Park, and was erect- 
 ed in 1854. 
 
 THE FRE]¥CH PROTESTANT CHURCH. 
 
 is a pretty little church situated in St. John street, 
 and was erected in 1876. 
 
 ST. MATTHEIV'S CHAPEE (EPISCOPAE) 
 
 is also situate in St. John street, erected in the 
 English burial ground, which has long since been 
 closed. St. Matthews' is built after the Gothic 
 style, and is tastefully ornamented in its interior. 
 During the last few years it has been considerably 
 enlarged and a steeple ad<led thereto. There is 
 another Episcopal chapel, St. Peter's in St. Valier 
 street, St. Roch, and the Mariners' Chapel on 
 Champlain street. ' : , :; ■ ^* :/ 
 
 'j'. V 
 
 
■-::;*:'. . ■ /,\- ■■■'■■■ -^r-' ■■' ■ :^" 
 ■.-..-•'<'— 79 — 
 
 
 CHURCH AND CONVENT OF THE OREY 
 
 " ■ "^L-. . v;-;-^^ :<..;:.: ■:.:•, SISTERS. • ^: ■ . • ^ \ 
 
 This church is situate in St. Olivier street, but 
 it is so hemmed in by the oi\\x.i: buildings of the 
 Sisterhood that it is hardly discernible, and, more- 
 over, it is without a steeple since its last destruc- 
 by fire. On the occasion of the burning of the 
 Parliament Buildings, the sittings of the Cham- 
 bers were held in this church, or were about to be 
 held, when it, too, fell a prey to the flames, and 
 Parliament was remove 1 to the Music Hall. Grave 
 suspicious were entertained -at the time as to the 
 causes of these two conflagrations. Hundreds of 
 children are educated in the School. 
 
 YOUNO MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 Immediately outside St. John's Gate is the Young 
 Men's Christian Association building, the lower 
 part of which is let as shops. In it are a library, 
 reading room and lecture hall, and the building is 
 open to the public. !.;-". . ^■ 
 
 JEFFREY HAEE HOSPITAE. 
 
 is situated opposite the Convent of the Grey Sis- 
 ters, and was founded by the late Jefl'rey Hale, 
 who passed his life in doing good. It is under the 
 direction of a Board of Governors. < • ., 
 
;- ^i> ,' . >■> -.'. 
 
 ; . fvi-'iitA'. 
 
 80 — 
 
 
 • *-( 
 C^ 
 
 O) 
 
 o 
 
 w 
 
 I— ( 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 

 — 81 — 
 
 THE OENEBAL. HOSPITAL. 
 
 The General Hospital is one of the finest insti- 
 tutions of the kind in Canada, or the States. It is 
 situated on the south bank of the St. Charles, not 
 far from the Marine Hospital. The buildings are 
 extensive, and with the gardens cover a large area. 
 
 • It was founded by Monseigneur de St. Valier, se- 
 cond Bishop of Quebec, es an asylum for incurable 
 diseases. In 1692, it was placed under the charge 
 of the Hospitaliere Nuns, who, in 1701, constituted 
 a separated body from their sisters of the Hotel- 
 
 -. Dieu. " ' -''"" ^ '-■-'• "•>- ' ' ■'--■ '•■•■ 
 
 Near the General Hospital is a wind-mill of a 
 
 most old-fashioned order. It was used as a fort for 
 
 the Convent. On the opposite side of the river are 
 
 : immense vaults, used at the time of the French 
 
 for storing provisions. 
 
 
 THE SKATIIVO RINK. 
 
 Just outside the city walls, on the Grand A116e 
 is the Quebec Skating Rink, supposed to be the 
 finest on the Continent. The Battery Band plays 
 there in the afternoon of certain days of every 
 week in the winter season. - ;' 
 
 Ti:- 
 
 ■•',''"•' >:'>'N.i;-v.; 
 
 ^ '■■:'^..--n. 
 
82 
 
 -A 
 
— 83 — 
 
 THE DEPARTMENTAL, BVILDINOS. ' 
 
 The Departmental Buildings are on the north 
 side of the Grand A116e, and form magnificent pile. 
 They are constructed in the modern style of archi- 
 tecture, are four stories in height with a mansard 
 roof and towers at each corner. The ventilation 
 and drainage are good, being much superior in 
 those respects to the buildings at Ottawa. Being 
 erected on almost the highest part of the city, the 
 view from the roof and upper stories is unrivalled. 
 In these buildings are contained all the Depart- 
 ments of the local government, which heretofore 
 were scattered throughout the city. 
 
 THE DRIL.L. SHED. 
 
 This is by no means a magnificent building, 
 erected on the south side of the Grand A116e, not >- 
 far from the Departmental buildings. 
 
 'the harbor. 
 
 The Harbour Improvements are at the mouth 
 of the St. Charles river and are well worth a visit. 
 They are being constructed at the expense of the 
 Dominion government and comprise an immense 
 wharf running from the Gas Wharf into the St. 
 Lawrence another wharf at right angles connects 
 
— 84 — 
 
 it with the old Commissioners* Wharf, thus en- 
 closing large docks for shipping. 
 
 THE CUSTOM HOUS]E. 
 
 Near the Commissioners' Wharf is the Custom 
 House, a fine building of Doric architecture, built 
 of cut stone, and whose portion fronts the St Law- 
 rence, with steps leading down to the water edge. 
 It was built in 1854, consumed by fire in 1864 and 
 shortly afterwards rebuilt 
 
 ' > GRAND TRUNK AND OTHER R. R. 
 
 STATIONS. 
 
 In the vicinity is the Grand Trunk Railway 
 Station, the Ferry Steamer leaves for the station 
 on the Levis side of the river. The same ferry 
 conveys passengers to the Intercolonial station at 
 Levis. 
 
 Passengers by the Quebec Central railway cross 
 the river by the Quebec and Levis ferry boats. 
 The Noxth Shore and the Lake St. John Railway 
 stations are situated in St. Paul Street near the 
 foot of Palace hill at the Palais harbour. It is in- 
 tended to have a station of the North Shore Rail- 
 way built on the Commissioners' Wharf at deep 
 water. 
 
,.■..... -.-^ 
 
 _ 85 — ::; :•.:"-'■■--:. 
 
 THE OATES. -^.tv -■:;;-, 
 
 Much that is interesting and ancient in Quebec 
 has in the last few years disappeared. The old 
 gates, which excited the curiosity of the tra- 
 veller, have been levelled and the fortifications 
 and walls of the city, which then bristled with 
 cannon and were patrolled night and day by 
 the vigilant sentinel, have changed the warlike 
 appearance to peaceful promenades. St. Lewis and 
 St. John's gates were the most ancient, having 
 been erected in 1694 and rebuilt in 1791. The 
 former has given place in our days to the Dufferin 
 gate and its former zigzag approaches straightened 
 to a broad thoroughfare. St. John's gate, which 
 had formerly but one narrow -Archway, was also 
 demolished and rebuilt in 1865. Kent Gate was 
 built to ornament a new thoroughfare through the 
 city walls. Palace Gate was also erected under 
 the French domination, and was raised in 1791 by 
 the English and replaced in 1631 by a handsome 
 gate with three arches, who now has also disap- 
 peared. Hope gate Was built in 1786 by Colonel 
 Hope, then commandant of the forces and admin- 
 istrator. It was also demolished in 1874. Prescott 
 gate was erected in 1707 and has followed the fate 
 of the others. 
 
 In 1827, under the administration of the Earl of 
 Dalhousie, were erected on the citadel the Dal- 
 housie and the Chain Gates. 
 
— 86 — 
 THE ENTIRONS. 
 
 There are,'perhaps, but few cities whose vicinity 
 can boast so many natural objects of attraction as 
 Quebec. Those scenes which, from the commanding 
 eminence of the city where reveal themselves to 
 
 *' Distance lends enchantment to the view " 
 
 the spectator invested with an ever varying beauty 
 lose none of their attraction as we approach them, 
 but display a combination of charms fresh from, 
 the lavish hand of nature. The quiet lakes whose 
 placid waters are encircled by primeval forests, — 
 the impetuous streams, rushing in a wild succes- 
 sion of rapids from the mountains to the St. 
 Lawrence — and the numerous cascades in their 
 varied forms of sublimity and beauty afford a rich 
 treat to the lover of nature and render a summer 
 residence in Quebec exceedingly delightful. Many 
 of the principal objects to which we allude are 
 within one or two hours ride from the city. 
 
 The ruins of the French works to the southwest 
 of the citadel will well repay the trouble of inspec- 
 tion. They appear to have extended to the brow 
 of the cliff which overhangs Diamond Harbour, 
 considerably beyond the present limits of the cita- 
 del. The remains of the old wall which was carried 
 along the edge of the rock, the ramparts and a 
 
-'$■■ 
 
 — ■ 87 — 
 
 magazine may be distinctly traced by those who 
 f6el an interest in such relics. The cliff at the 
 southern extremity is of the same precipitous 
 ^ftiaracter as that at the north eastern point of the 
 citadel, and must have presented an oqually im- 
 pregnable front, but that fortress, as it is at pre- 
 sent constructed, combines within its limits all the 
 requisite features of such fortifications with the 
 advantage arising from a less extended line of 
 works. A good position is here afforded for ins- 
 pecting the exterior of the fortifications, which 
 present from the glacis an appearance of combined 
 strength and beauty. On this spot specimens may 
 occasionally be found of the quartz crystals which 
 being mingled with the granite and slate of which 
 the rock is composed have obtained for it the name 
 of Cape Diamond. A wooden staircase affords at 
 L'Anse des Meres a communication with the Lower 
 Town. 
 
 The St. Lewis and St. Foy roads, which leaving 
 the city on the west run paralled to each other at 
 but a short distance until they unite at Caprouge, 
 are the favorite drives in the vicinity. The St. 
 Foy road, after emerging from St. John's suburbs, 
 commands a very beautiful view of the valley of 
 the St. Charles bounded in the distance by the 
 Bonhomme and Tsounonthouan mountains, the 
 highest of the range within view from Quebec. As 
 the sun sinks behind them, its declining rays 
 heighten the beauty of the landscape and in the 
 clear frosty atmosphere of March surmount the 
 dark and undulating outline of the mountains 
 
V-' 
 
 ItCt'l..!-" 
 
 — 88 — : 
 
 •with a gorgeous splendour which sets the pencil 
 of the artist at defiance. - 
 
 *' parting day *l * ' 
 
 Dies like the dolphin, whom each pang imbues "^ • 1 "•^ 
 
 With a new colour as it gasps away, 
 
 The last still loveliest, till — 'tis gone — and all is gray." 
 
 But even the beautiful description of the poet fails 
 to convey an adequate idea of the brilliant appea- 
 rance of the heavens as they^ ^ 
 
 ** Melt to one vast Iris of the west, 
 Where the day joins the past Eternity. " 
 
 On the left of the road, two miles from the city, is 
 Holland House, interesting not only from its having 
 been the head quarters of Montgomery in the 
 siege of 1775, but from some romantic incidents 
 connected with the family from which it derived 
 its name, the ashes of some of whom have found a 
 resting place in the rear of the building. Near 
 St. Foy church, about five miles from town, are 
 the remains of a redoubt erected by the English 
 on their first taking possession of Quebec. 
 
 To the north is the Belmont Catholic Cemetery 
 and near by is the Belmont Inebriate Asylum, 
 kept by Dr J. M. MacKay. The building was once 
 occupied by General Montgomery, as was also 
 Holland Houae near the city. At about one mile 
 distant from the city is the monument, erected by 
 the St. Jean Baptiste Society, to the brave who 
 fell at the battle of the Plains in 1760. The monu- 
 ment is of iron on a stone base, and surmounted 
 by a statue of Bellona, the gift of Prince Napoleon. 
 
 ^'i 
 
 
— 89 — 
 
 Four bronze cannons are placed at each corner of 
 the pedestal. The monument bears the following 
 inscription : 
 
 Aux braves de 1760. Erig^ par la Soci^t6 St-Jean-Baptiste de 
 
 Qu6bee, 1860. 
 
 On the right side are the r^^ms of England and 
 the name of Murray, thea governor of Quebec. On 
 
 ^9- . 
 
 ;-l-' k- y 
 

 — 90 — 
 
 the left side is the name of Levi, who commanded 
 the French, and the arms of old France. On the 
 opposite side is a bas relief of Dumont's Mill and 
 the arms of Canada. This monument was inau- 
 gurated with great ceremony on the 19th of 
 October, 1862, by Lord Monck, then Governor 
 General of Canada, and an eloquent discourse was 
 given on the occasion by the Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau. 
 
 LiORETTE. 
 
 This Indian Village, existing within nine miles 
 of th6 city, must be one of the first objects to 
 excite the curiosity of a stranger, especially a 
 European. Here will be found the remnant of the 
 once powerful Hurons, who sought a refuge in the 
 neighborhood of Quebec after the treacherous 
 massacre of their tribe by the Iroquois. Adopting, 
 at an early period after the arrival of the French 
 settlers, their religion and language they preserved 
 with rigid fidelity their friendship towards their 
 new allies, who made common cause with them m 
 resisting the inci^rsionsof the Iroquois who carried 
 their old animosity from the distant shores of 
 Lake Huron. Since the conquest of this colony 
 by England they have always been found both 
 active and loyal whenever their services were 
 required, and like all other Indians of British 
 North America they receive annual presents from 
 
— 91 — 
 
 the government. In the year 1825 iour of their < 
 chiefs had the honor of being presented to His 
 Majesty George the 4th at Windsor Castle. The 
 attention which was paid to them at the Engh'sh 
 court has ofteu since been the source of syrateful 
 recollection ; in addition to more substantial gifts 
 His Majesty presented each of the chiefs with an 
 engraved likeness of himself and gold and silver 
 medals of considerable value which are preserved 
 with other memorials in proud remembrance of 
 their visit to England. Though retaining many 
 of the characteristics of the children of the forest, 
 in their houses and style of living they have adop- 
 ted in a great measure the habits of the Canadians. 
 The manufacture of snow shoes, mocassins, bead 
 and bark work, affords a principal source of sub- 
 sistence, aided by their fishing and shooting excur- 
 sions, the moose hunt in the wild forests to the 
 north engrossing much of their time in the winter. 
 Their services as guides are indispensable to offi- 
 cers of the garrison and others in these hunting 
 expeditions, which have been of late years unusu- 
 ally successful. The natives of Lorette have under- 
 gone the usual penalty among savage tribes who 
 embrace the habits of civilized life. Their rise in 
 the scale of civilization has been marked by a 
 concurrent fall in that of morality. Their proxi- 
 mity to the capital and the interest naturally 
 excited in strangers by the display of Indian 
 manners have made the village but too often a 
 scene of ' riot and ill-managed merriment, ' but 
 happily the efforts of the Catholic clergy have 
 
— 92 — -i 
 
 lately succeeded in restoring temperance among 
 the men and decorum among the women. There is 
 but one among them who boasts pure Huron blood 
 — Zacharie Vincent, who has distinguished him- 
 self as a selftaught artist by some creditable draw- 
 ings The population, at present is over 200 souls, 
 exhibits an increase since 1821 when Bouchette 
 states it to have been but 137. The village Was 
 first settled in 1697, the Hurons having previously \, 
 resided at SiJlery to which Seigniory they still ' 
 lay claim as having been granted to them in 1651. 
 The Indian village is beautifully situated on the 
 east side of the St. Charles, a small bridge across 
 the rapids just above the Fall connecting it with 
 the habitant village St. Ambroise on the other 
 side. The latter contains a neat and commodious 
 church of which the spire covered with tin is a 
 conspicuous object from Quebec. The Fall is wild 
 and picturesque ; as the river rushes down the 
 shelving bank it assumes the appearance of a 
 gigantic rapid and cleaving in its descent a narrow ^■ 
 channel through the wave worn rocks at the foot 
 it takes its wild and noisy course through a dell 
 overgrown with tall pines that hide it from the- 
 view. A sawmill on the east side and the bank 
 immediately opposite are the best sites from which 
 a view of the Fall can be obtained. There are 
 several roads to Lorette. Across Anderson's Bridge 
 pursuing a direct course to Charlebourg and taking 
 the turn to the left on reaching the church. Over 
 Scott's Bridge and up the straight road known as 
 the Ste. Claire or by the road along the east bank 
 
— 93 — 
 
 of the St. Charles, which is the most pleasing 
 route, the murmuring rapids of the little river 
 flashing through the high trees that spring up 
 along its banks for several miles before we approach 
 Lorette. 
 
 THE MONTMORENCI. 
 
 This wild and rapid river is said to be a conti- 
 nued torrent from its source in the Lac des Neigea 
 till it empties itself into the St. Lawrence at the 
 magnificient Falls which bear its name. The cata- 
 ract is the most interesting of all the natural 
 objects in the vicinity of Quebec and is seldom 
 unvisited by tourists, however short their stay. 
 Its unequalied height, nearly two hundred and 
 fifty feet — with a width at the brink of nearly 
 twenty yards — and the great body of water which 
 rushes with incredible velocity down the * head- 
 long height *, acquiring as it descends a fleecy 
 whiteness that assumes at a short distance the 
 appearance of snow, form a combination of the 
 sublime and beautiful which fascinates at once 
 the mind of the spectator. It is situated in the 
 centre of a large gap in the north bank of the 
 St. Lawrence about 300 yards in extent, through 
 which its waters pass in a wide and shallow stream 
 after emerging from the chasm among the rocks 
 at the foot of the fall. There are several points 
 from which the view can be varied and of each of - 
 
The Montmorenci Falls. 
 
— 95 — 
 
 which visitors should avail themselves. On the 
 west sicle a projecting rock near the aqueduct 
 aifords a good vi w of the fall which it overlooks 
 in its descent. The visitor should then cross the 
 wooden bridge just above the cataract and passing 
 thr<;ugh some fields he will obtain a very beautiful 
 view at a little distance on the east side. But to 
 be fully impressed with the height and grandeur 
 of the Falls it is necessary to descend the bank on 
 either side and at the foot of the mighty torrent 
 obtain an unbroken view of its sublimity, A 
 ceaseless spray curls up around the falling waters 
 and when the rays of the sun fall upon its delicate 
 veil the magical effect of the sunbow invests the 
 scene with an additional charm. Here amid the 
 ' roar of waters ' the words of the poet must often 
 be recalled. 
 
 — ** but on the verge, 
 From side to sid*^ beneath the glittering morn, 
 All Iris sits, amidst the infernal surge, 
 Like Hope upon a death bed, and, unworn 
 Its steady dyes, while all around is torn 
 By the distracted waters, bears serene 
 Its brilliant hues with all their beams unshorn : 
 Eesembling, mid the torture of the scene, 
 Lovo watching Madness with unalterable mien. " 
 
 The distance from the ciXy is eight miles, the road 
 passing through the village of Beauport which 
 bears the appearance of a continuous street from 
 the church to the falls, a distance of more than 
 three miles. In the winter the road across the 
 bay reduces the distance to six miles. At this 
 season the spray congeals as it descends upon a 
 
— 96 — I 
 
 rock in front of the falls and forms an ice mountain ;| 
 which increases gradually until it attaii^s nearly 
 half the height of the cataract. Some smaller 
 cones are in general formed near it, but their 
 height and form are varied according to the pecu- 
 liarities of the season as regards the action of the 
 wind and frost. The falls are greatly tesorted to . 
 in the winter for the amusement of sliding down '^j 
 the cone with the tohoggen or Indian sleigh. On '■) 
 the hill close to the falls is a house which was \i 
 formerly the abode of the late Duke of Kent r it 
 is now the residence of Peter Paterson, Esquire, . 
 the proprietor of the extensive sawmills in the J* 
 neighborhood. 
 
 On ascending the west bank of the Montmorenci 
 about a mile from the fall the lime stone rocks 
 through which the river rushes with irresistible 
 force assume the singular appearance known as 
 the Natural Steps. On the east side the perpen-,^ 
 dicular rock surmounted by the wood rises consi- ' 
 derably above the level of the opposite bank, . 
 where the action of the water when the river is at 
 its height in the spring has produced a series of 
 steps which rise in as regular gradation as if the 
 result of art. Here the great declination of the 
 bed of the river, the narrowness of its chp anel and 
 the obstruction it meets -iwith from the projecting 
 rocks cause a succession of rapids which rise and(?v 
 swell with tumultuous violence. The Montmorenci 
 is much frequented by the lovers of angling and 
 presents many stations in its course where the 
 attention of the sportsman is divided between his 
 
— 97 — 
 
 art and admiration of the wild scenery around 
 him. It is in general necessary to wade while 
 fishing in this river, and the proverbial coldness 
 of the stream, its continued rapids and the slippery 
 surface of the rocks demand no little energy for 
 the occasion. The Sable a few miles up the river 
 may be indicated as the first spot worth stopping 
 at. This is followed by the Three Falls, the 
 Prairie and L' Islet which are very much fished by 
 the habitants in the neighborhood. Then in regular 
 succession at short distances from each other are 
 found a number of fishing places distinguished as 
 follows : 
 
 Falle Basse. 
 
 Ganos, near Gordon's Mill, 
 
 Petite Roche. 
 
 Grand Bocher, near Johnson's Mill. 
 
 Grande Roche. 
 
 La Broue. 
 
 Piche db Roussin. 
 
 PSche aux Sauvages. 
 
 Sable, neir Graham's. 
 
 Roche Fondu. 
 
 Cap. 
 
 The distance to the " Cap, " the highest fishing 
 
 ground, is about twelve utiles from the Sable near 
 
 Lamotte's. The speediest and most comfortable 
 
 way to reach the stations, especially those above 
 
 the Falle Basse, u on horseback, as the road above 
 
 thie place is sometimes almost impassable for a 
 
 vehicle. 
 
 7 
 
— 98 — 
 
 The River above the Cap is seldom visited as 
 there ts no path through the woods. Persons how- 
 ever, who have explored five or six miles above 
 this place say that the river assumes a still wilder 
 appearance than below and abounds with large 
 fish. At the end of the »St. Michel road as we 
 approach the Montraorencl are three small houses 
 from either of which a guide can be procured by 
 persons wishing to proceed to any of the lower 
 stations. Within two miles of " tlte Cap " is Gra- 
 ham's where sportsmen can procure a bed and a 
 guide at day break to the higher fishing stations. 
 
 TH£ CHAUDIERE FAIiL.S» 
 
 These very beautiful falls, though less majestic 
 than the Montmorenci, are prefeiTed by many on 
 account of the romantic wildness of the scenery 
 which surrounds them. As the visitor emerges 
 from the thick forest through which the river 
 takes its wild and solitary course, he is impressed 
 as he stands upon its margin with the wild natu- 
 ral beauty of the gleiv that receives the stream 
 after its delirious leap from the precipice into the 
 black abyss below. " Narrowed by salient points 
 extending from each side, the precipice over which 
 the waters rush is scaicely more than one hundred 
 
— 99 — 
 
 and thirty yards in breadth and the height from 
 which the water descends is about as many feet. 
 Huge masses of vock rising*' above the surface of 
 the curi-ent, just at tlie break of the fall, divide 
 the stieam into three portions, forming partial 
 cataracts t])at unite before tliey reach the basin 
 which receives them below. The continual action 
 of the water has worn the rock into deep excava- 
 tions, which 'give a globular figure to the revol- 
 ving bodies of brilliant whita foam and greatly 
 increase the beautiiul e fleet of the fall. The spray 
 thrown up, being quickly spread by the wind, pro- 
 duces in the sunshine a most splendid variety of 
 prismatic colors. The dark-hued foliage of the 
 woods, which on each side press close upon the 
 margin of the river, forms a striking contrast with 
 the snow-like effu^oence of the falling torrent : 
 the hurried motion of the flood, agitated among 
 the rocks and hollows as it forces its way towards 
 the St. Lawrence, and the incessant sound occasio- 
 ned by the cataract itself form a combination that 
 strikes forcibly upon the senses, and amply grati- 
 fies the curiosity of the admiring spectator. The 
 woods on the banks of the river, notwithstanding 
 its vicinity to the capital, are so impervious as to 
 render it necessary for strangers who visit the 
 falls to provide themselves with a competent guide. 
 Few falls can be compared with this for pictu- 
 resque beauty. The best view is to the left from 
 a ledge of rocks that project into the basin ; from 
 this spot the scene is surprisingly grand ; the nexe 
 poiqt of view is from a parallel ledge behind tht 
 
— 100 — 
 
 former ; there is also another good view from the 
 ledge of rocks above the fall, looking down and 
 across the fall, and up the river." * 
 
 The River Chaudi^re which forms this beautiful 
 cascade about three miles from its mouth, takes 
 its rise in Lake Megantic and after a wild and 
 rapid course of one hundred and two miles joins 
 the St. Lawrence about six miles above Quebec on 
 the south shore. The numerous falls and rapids 
 by which its course is marked render it unfit for 
 the purposes of navigation ; yet it occasionally 
 assumes a very imposing appearance, varying in 
 bre^-dth from four to six hundred yards It is 
 invested with an historical interest by the memo- 
 rable advance of Arnold through the wild forest 
 along its banks on the invasion of Canada in 1775. 
 Having, in his route from Boston with his force of 
 eleven hundred men, surmounted in the first ins- 
 tance all the dangers and difficulties of the Kenne- 
 bec, the privations of his party were redoubled in 
 threading the less passable course of the Chaudiere 
 which oSered a direct but most arduous route to 
 Quebec, no less than thirty two days being consu- 
 med in their journey through the wilderness. The 
 falls may be visited by water as far as the mouth 
 of the river, where, passing under the neat one- 
 arched bridge which forms a picturesque object 
 from the St. Lawrence, we enter a little creek or 
 bay about three miles from the falls. The land 
 route from Point L^vi should be chosen by stran- 
 gers whose stay permits but a single visit, as it 
 
 * Bouchette. 
 
— 101 — . 
 
 affords a very beautiful j)rospect of the city and 
 harbor, the view exhibiting the magnificent scenery 
 under a new aspect, superior in some points though 
 less comprehensive than that from Quebec. The 
 distance from Point Levi is nearly nine miles. We 
 cross about four miles from Quebec the mouth of 
 the Etchemin a stream which affords good trout 
 filing at a short distance up. Its principal branch 
 emerges from the lake of the same name about 
 forty-eight miles from Quebec : its waters are for 
 the most part quiet and navigable, and are said to 
 offer considerable facilities, with the aid of a canal 
 which might be cut at no great expense, for a water 
 communication with the River St. John and the 
 lower provinces. 
 
 THE FAL.L.S OF STE. ANNE. 
 
 A few days devoted to an excursion to the river 
 Ste. Anney about twenty four miles below Quebec 
 on the north shore, will be amply repaid by the 
 rich combination and variety of picturesque scene- 
 ry, unequalled in the vicinity of a city where 
 nature assumes so many novel and attractive forms. 
 The road lies over the bridge o£the Montmorenci 
 and along the bank of the St. Lawrence through 
 the villages of Ange Gardien and Chateau Richer. 
 The marshy banks of the latter being much fre- 
 quented by snipe and wild -duck afford the best 
 shooting ground in the neighborhood of Quebec, 
 
— 102 — " 
 
 from which it is nearly eighteen miles distant. 
 The marshes at Ste. Famille, on the Island of 
 Orleans directly opposite to Chateau Richer, are 
 considered by some to afford occasionally better 
 sport than the latter, the facility of access not > 
 being so great. It can either be reached by a boat 
 from the city, or should a dearth of sport occur at . 
 the Chateau a boat can be obtained there for the ^ 
 purpose of crossing. On a like rocky promontory 
 at Chateau Richer the ruins of a Franciscan monas- 
 tery were recently standing which was destroyed 
 by a detachment of British troops when Wolfe was ^ 
 encamped near the Montmorenci. This was occa- 
 sioned by the refusal of the habitants to supply; 
 the troops with provisions, in which they werdi 
 encouraged by their priests, who put the building 
 into so excellent a state of defence that it was 
 found requisite to reduce it with artillery. On a 
 rising ground, which commands a magnificent pros- 
 pect, in the parish church and about a mile from 
 the church is a picturesque cascade on the river 
 Sault d la Puce. Here the stream is precipitated 
 in its descent from three successive declivities, and 
 its banks richly wooded impart a wild and sylvan 
 character to the scene. On resuming his journey 
 the tourist will soon arrive at the village of Ste. 
 Anne, of which the church is rendered remarkable 
 by the number of miraculous cures effected there 
 by the saint. So great is the faith of the devout 
 pilgrims in the sanative powers of this shrine that 
 it is visited by the afflicted from very distant 
 parishes ; and no doubt of its efficacy can exist in 
 
— 103 -^ 
 
 the mind of the visitor who on enterinor the church 
 observes the substantial proofs afforded by the 
 crutches on the walls Jeft there as grateful relics 
 by the lame devotees whose faith had made them 
 whole ! By starting at an early hour from Quebec, 
 stranger, to whom time is precious, will be able 
 to view the Falls of the Mantmorenci, the Natu- 
 ral Steps and the other objects just alluded to in 
 his route before arriving at the river Ste. Anne, 
 where it would be advisable to pass the night. In 
 the morning an early start shou[d be made so that 
 the several falls which the river exhibits within a 
 few miles may each meet with due inspection. On 
 the west side of the river the road ascends gra- 
 dually for nearly four miles displaying as the 
 elevation increases a magniticent and extensive 
 prospect. Having arrived on a level the falls of 
 Ste. Anne it will be necessary to leave the road 
 and obtaining the assistance of a guide pursue a 
 rough and arduous path through the wood for 
 nearly a mile and a half. On emerging from the 
 forest this noble and singular cataract bursts upon 
 the spectator. The extraordinary wildness of the 
 scene may be said with truth to beggar descrip- 
 tion. The pencil of the artist alone could do it 
 adequate ju-tice. A pile of enormous rocks rise 
 up in the bed of the river which rushes over and 
 between them with inconceivable velocity in three 
 distinct channels that unite again before they fall 
 into the chasm below. The first of these torrents 
 is so narrow that it can be crossed in a leap. Over 
 the centre one a rude and fragile bridge consist- 
 
— 104 — 
 
 ing of a few stunted trees is laid from rock to rock 
 a few feet above the boiling rapids. The visitor 
 whose firm nerve do not tremble at the apparent 
 danger should not neglect to cross this bridge. 
 The natural gradations in the rock, caused no 
 doubt by the action of the water at different 
 seasons of the year, will then enable him to des- 
 cend and view the several cataracts more nearly 
 as they roar and foam around him in their des- 
 cent. On one side he will observe a circular cavity 
 of great depth in which the black and motionless 
 water forms a striking contrast to the agitated 
 torrent beside it. Doubtless at some former period 
 this abyss received the falling cataract which has 
 since been diverted into other channels. As we 
 take our stand in th^ position we have just des- 
 cribed, we become insensibly fascinated by the 
 wild and extraordinary features of the scene. The 
 gigantic rocks — the rushing cataracts — the dsep 
 abyss into which they descend — the wild forest 
 which rises around, its silence pierced by the 
 ceaseless roar of the waters — have an impression 
 on the senses that cannot readily be eifaced. Leav- 
 ing this interesting spot, however reluctantly, the 
 visitor must now retrace his steps through the 
 forest, and proceed in his vehicle about four miles 
 further until he arrives at the village of St. F^r^ol. 
 Here he must again leave the road and before he 
 enters the forest a beautiful view of the Falls of 
 St. F^r^ol presents itself. Encircled by the deep 
 foliage of the trees among which it descends, the 
 effect of the fleecy sheet is very beautiful. The 
 
— 105 — ^ 
 
 passage through the woods is Iodjqt and fatiguing ; 
 in descending the mountain it is frequently by the 
 aid of the branches that we are enabled \o retain 
 our footing. The scene, however, is wild and rug- 
 ged causing us to overlook the difficulties we en- 
 counter by the interest it excite. A fallen tree 
 supplies a precarious footing across a stream that 
 rushes down the mountain to join the St. Anne. 
 At length we emerge from the forest in tho glen 
 which receives this beautiful cascades. The fall 
 descends in one clear and expansive sheet ; the 
 river at its foot is broad and rapid a,nd takes its 
 course through a wild and picturesque glen that 
 contributes greatly to the beauty of the scene. 
 Having fully indulged the contemplation of this 
 charming picture, instead of returning by the same 
 route the guide should be directed to lead the 
 visitor up the mountain by the side of the fdls. 
 He will thus escape the fatigue of returning through 
 the forest and be enabled with a little further 
 exertion to witness another interesting feature in 
 this river —a series of cascades, known as the Seven 
 Falls, which follow each other in rapid succession 
 within a shor^j distance of the fall described above. 
 
 THE I^AKHS. 
 
 There are several lakes in the vicinity of Quebec 
 which offer many allurements to the visitor. Of 
 
— 106 — 
 
 these Lake St. Charles possesses the most attrac- - 
 tive scenery, and is the favorite resort of pic-nic 
 parties in the summer. Here the lover of the 
 picturesque, tlie sportsman, and those who confine 
 their enjoyment to the consumption of the good 
 thinofs of this life meet to indnlfje their several 
 tastes. The distance from the city is nearly thir- 
 teen miles ; the I'oad as it ascends tlie mountains 
 passing the Indian Vilh^ge, if not visited on the 
 way, about a mile to the left. The view of Quebec 
 which here opens upon the spectator as the route 
 increases in elevation is vory beautiful. The highly 
 cultivated valley, the city and suburbs crowning 
 the promontory wliich overlooks the lake-like bay, 
 with the blue and misty outline of the southern 
 mountains form together a deliglitful picture. The 
 road now becomes wild and woody, and in cross- 
 ing the Bell evue Mountains discloses an enchanting 
 view of the lake at a distance of two miles. Its 
 length is nearly four miles and its greatest breadth ' 
 about one, a narrow channel dividing it into nearly 
 equal parts distinguished as the upper and lower 
 lake. Tlie latter is the least interesting, its shores , 
 being comparatively flat and its prospect confined ; - 
 but on entering the former we are impressed at 
 once with its rich and romantic loveliness : its 
 banks still covered with the primeval forest, which i 
 rising out of the placid water enriches the scene 
 with its depth and variety of shades, allure us to 
 their cool and delightful retreats, while the more 
 distant mountains with their endless undulations 
 and dark shadows form a magnificent back ground 
 
■0. 
 
 — 107 — 
 
 to the pietnre and impress the mind still more 
 strongly with a sense of the se(]uestered solitude 
 of tlie scene. Within a pretty bay to the left of 
 the upper lake visitors may amuse themselves 
 with an echo which is never evoked without success. 
 Passing across to the opposite extremity we enter 
 the Huron river a deep and clear stream which 
 supplies the lake. The angler has here a good 
 opportunity for indulging his patient art as the 
 lake abounds with trout which rise freely to the 
 fly. At the mouth of the little river just mention- 
 ed and the northern end of the upper lake will 
 be found the best li?:hing,but little sport being had 
 • in the lower lake which is much more shallow 
 than the other. At the north western end of the 
 upper lake a small stream, which is barely navi- 
 gable for a single canoe, comnuinicates with lake 
 Larron which being rather difficult of access is 
 little fished and abounds with small trout. 
 
 Lake Beawport lies nearly four miles to the north- 
 east of Lake St. Charles and is about the same dis- 
 tance f I'om the city. The road to it lies through 
 the populous village of Charlesbourg whose white 
 cottages and tin covered spires are very prominent 
 in the view from this village we pass St. Pierre 
 which exhibits the same populous and cultivated 
 aspect and is intersected by several trout streams 
 that aftord better sport than their diminutive ap- 
 pearance would seem to promise. As we leave St. 
 Pierre behind, the route assumes the wild and 
 rugged aspect peculiar to these northern moun- 
 tains : we are surrounded by the dark forest which, 
 
— 108 — 
 
 with its dense growth of underwood, covers the 
 undulating surface of the hills, and but the clear- 
 ances that occasionnally >'elieve it, might seem to 
 be far remote from the haunts of man. The road 
 lies here thro^^h " the Brul6 " an extensive tract 
 that was " cleared " many years since by the de- ' 
 vastating agency of a fire which extended in its , 
 progress from east to west upwards of twenty 
 miles through the forest. The lake is about a 
 mile in length and scarcely half that distance 
 across at its widest part. The great height of the 
 woody hills which surround it imparts rather a 
 sombre character to the lake ; the general effect, 
 however, is picturesque and agreeable. Its banks • „ 
 display more cultivation than those of St. Charles. 
 In a small chapel divine service is occasionally per- 
 formed among the peasants who reside here and a 
 cemetry attached to it provides a wild and roman- 
 tic resting place amid the mountains for those who 
 pass to " dusty death." The great attraction of 
 this lake is its trout the finest in flavous and con- 
 dition in the vicinity of Quebec. As has been 
 found, however, a useless labor to tempt them with 
 the " delusive fly " the ignoble art of bait fishing 
 is practiced here with a success which certainly 
 justifies the means. 
 
 Nearly three miles above Caprouge is Lake Cal- 
 vaire which, though small, is picturesque and wor- 
 thy of a visit. In the neighborhood of this lake 
 are found in great numbers those large globular 
 masses of granite called " boulders " which occa- 
 sionally attract our notice in the roads to lakes 
 Beauport and St. Charles. 
 
— 109 — 
 
 Lake St. Joseph or Ontarietsi is the largost in 
 the vicinity beiog nearly nine miles in length and 
 about six broad at its widest part. Two project- 
 ing points about the centre from the harrows by 
 which it .s divided like Lake St. Charles into two 
 parts that may be termed the upper and lower 
 lake. It is situated about three miles to the west 
 of the Jacques Cartier river with which it is con- 
 nected by a small stream that empties itself into 
 the latter a little below the Ferry at the village 
 of St. Catherine. The distance from the city, 
 twenty eight dies deters many from enjoying the 
 beautiful sf aery of this lake, two or three days 
 being requisite for that perpose. The beauty of 
 the drive is, however, a sufficient atonement for 
 the fatigue or less of time incurred in this excur- 
 sion. This route discloses some beautiful views, 
 but a shorter and better road may be pointed out 
 along the western bank of the St. Charles through 
 the village of St. Ambroise and pursuing the road 
 westward of the Montagues Rondes to Valcartier 
 about five miles distance from St. Catherine. On 
 the east side of the lower lake are several farm 
 houses at which temporary accommodation is fur- 
 nished to fishing parties. To the sportsman Lake 
 St, Joseph has unusual attractions, a£ it is celebrated 
 for its black bass and trout both of which are here 
 several pounds in weight. It is said to be the only 
 in Canada in which these fine fish are found 
 together with the exception of Lake Sargent which 
 is also about three miles from St. Catherine. The 
 view of Lake St. Joseph which opens as we descend 
 
— 110 — 
 
 is very beautiful and far superior to any other 
 lake sceneiy near Quebec. Its extent is just suffi- , 
 cieut to bring ev3ry object distinctly witliin view, 
 the high mountains on the opposite side covered 
 witli the I'orest and the undulating summit of the 
 more distant hills beyond the upper lake crowning 
 the scene with their varied shadows. A sand bank 
 near the narrows is said to be best sport for bass 
 and at the bottom of the lower lake trout are taken 
 in considerable numbers. The mouth of the little 
 Riviere aux Pins which supplies the upper Jake 
 on the east side is also a good spot for trout. Stran- 
 gers would do well to procure a guide. 
 
 The dischage of the lake, as the little river 
 which connects it with the Jacques Cartier is caled, 
 is a highly picturesque stream flowing through a 
 dense forest, some splendid pines springing up out 
 of the margin of the water on each side. A canoe 
 might be procured here to proceed up the river, 
 within a short distance of the lake with which the 
 communication is cut off by a very beautiful rapid. 
 Good trout tishing can be had at this spot. 
 
 The Jacques Cartier river, so called in commemo- 
 ration of the adventurous navigator who was er- 
 ronously supposed to have wintered at the mouth, 
 takes its rise among some small lakes in the north 
 and joins the St. Lawrence after a wild and ro- 
 mantic course of nearly fifty miles. The scenery 
 along its banks is beautifully diversified and rises 
 occasionally to magnificence. In many places the 
 river is wide, deep and still but in general the na- 
 vigation is interrupted by violent rapids and cas- 
 
- llf ^ 
 
 cades. About nine miles from its confluence with 
 the St. Lawrence there is a bridge below which 
 excellent salmon fishing is sometimes to be had, 
 A precipitiious fall of some height prevents the 
 ascent of the fish abovf, this spot. 
 
 On the opposite side of the river is" the Grand 
 Il4ts and low^er the Petit RSts. Stell further down 
 where the river commences to open is one of the 
 best holes called L'Hopital from a quaint notion 
 that the fish stoj) here until they recover from the 
 fatigues of their passage. The road by CapRouge 
 and the bank of the St. Lawrence commands a 
 beautiful prospect, nor is that by St. Foy and St. 
 Augr.stin inferior in the beauty of its views, so 
 that strangers would do well to change their route 
 in returning from the river. 
 
 TH£ 1SL.AND OF ORI.EANS. 
 
 This beautiful island is one of th6 most interest- 
 ing objects in the prospect from the city. Its well, 
 cultivated fields sloping to the water's edge are 
 charmingly contrasted with the dark forest that 
 covers its high banks. It serves as a shelter to 
 the bay on the east where it divides the river into 
 the north and south channel, the distance across 
 the bay from the city being nearly four miles. 
 The length of the island is nineteen miles and :*ts 
 greatest breadth about five and a half. It contaii^i 
 

 
 ' ' ' '-■»■>. 
 
 1- .*■ ■.'■"■ ,1 'V'' '- / ■* . 
 
 4 ■' 
 
 .-.--, 
 
 
 112 
 
 :,}\.v-v 
 
 five parishes, wit!i a population of nearly five 
 thousand souls, St. Pierre and Ste. Famille on the 
 north, and on the southern side St. Laurent, St. 
 Jean and St. Frangois. The beaches on the northern 
 shore are in gc.neral low and marshy and afford 
 occasionally good shooting. Patrick's Hole, about 
 nine miles from the city on the south side of the 
 island, is a sheltered cove with excellent anchorage 
 at which outwardbound vessels frequently await 
 their final instructions before leaving the port. It 
 affords security also to vessels arriving early in 
 the spring before the ice has broken up. At Arise 
 au Maraud, the Colombus, an enormous vessel of 
 3700 tons register carrying four masts, was laun- 
 ched in 1824. In the following year another vessel 
 of similar magnitude, the Baron of Renfrew, was 
 launched here, these vessels being constructed with 
 the view of breaking them up in England and 
 saving the duty on the lumber of which they were 
 composed. This object was however defeated as 
 
 ; it was decided that a voyage must first be made 
 out of England. The Colombus returned to this 
 country and was wrecked on her way om, while 
 
 . the other was lost on the coast of France on her 
 voyage home. 
 
 The soil of the Island is exceedingly fertile, its 
 
 '] fruit in particular being said to be superior to any 
 below the district of Montreal. 
 
., :: ->■ 
 
 — 113 
 
 
 Ruius of the Hermitage. — Intendant Bigot's lodge. 
 TUG HERIVITAOi: 
 
 This romantic appellation has been given to a 
 river in the forest at Bourg Royal abont seven 
 miles from Quebec. Those who are led from its 
 designation to anticipate a picturesque pile on 
 which the efikcing fingers of time have shed addi- 
 tional interest will bd rather disappointed when 
 they find but the stone walls of a substantial 
 dwelling house. But its chief interest is derived 
 from the tale of love and jealously with which it 
 is associated. This invests its isolated situation 
 with the principal attraction in the eyes of visi- 
 8 
 
— 114 — 
 
 « 
 
 tors who, recalling the fatal legend, " inly rumi- 
 nate the danger " of indulging to excess those fatal 
 passions. In the early part of the last century 
 M. B6gon the Intendant selected this spot for the 
 residence of a lady whom he found it necessary to 
 protect from the watchful jealousy of his wife. In 
 the midst of a thick frost, which even at the pre- 
 sent day is penetrated with difficulty, he must 
 have deemed his precautions complete and the 
 lady's safety, if not her comfort, secure in this 
 secluded habitation. But time revealed to the 
 injured wife the clue to this fatal bower when the 
 tragedy of Eleanor and Rosamond was enacted 
 again, the life of its hapless occupant being sacri- 
 ficed to the fury of her rival if we are to credit 
 the account which tradition has handed down to 
 us. The clearance in which the ruins stand com- 
 prises but a few ones surrounded by the forest. 
 The relics of the ga den and other indications of 
 remote occupation still exist. A small trout stream 
 runs near it which finds its way to the St. Law- 
 rence at the Priests' Farm in the Beauport Road 
 and which from the mineral properties of its water 
 is never frozen This pecularity. which seems still 
 more singular when the mighty St. Lawrence has 
 yielded to the influence of the climate is also ob- 
 served in the small streams that crosses the road 
 at the village of St. Pierre. 
 
— 115 — 
 THE ST. l.Al¥REN€E BEL.01V C^IJEBEC. 
 
 The scenery between Montreal and Quebec not 
 being very striking the traveller has little occasion 
 to regret that the night is chiefly occupied in the 
 passage, so that the departure from the former and 
 avrival at the latter city are the sole opportunities 
 for indulging a taste for the picturesque. Tho first 
 place of any importance passed on the way down 
 is William Henry or Sorel, forty five miles from 
 Montreal on the south shore at the confluence of 
 the Richelieu with the St. Lawrence. It is built 
 on the site of a foib erected by the French in 1665 
 as a protection against the a.ttacks of the Iroquois. 
 On leaving Sorel we enter Lake St. Peter which is 
 nearly twenty five miles long. Being merely an 
 expansion of the river the channel for shipping is 
 very narrow. At the western opening of the lake 
 there are numerous islands. * 
 
 Three Rivers is about half way to Quebec at the 
 mouth of the river St. Maurico. This is one of the 
 oldest towns in the province having been settled 
 in 1618 as a depot for the trade in furs carried on 
 with the natives. It ha,s not exhibited, however, 
 much progression in importance when compared 
 with Quebec or Montreal. Its principal buildings 
 are the Ursuline Convent, founded by the Bishop 
 de St. Valier in 1677 as a female seminary and 
 hospital, the Protestant and Catholic churches, the 
 Court house, Jail, &c. 
 
iV 
 
 — 116 — 
 
 On leaving Quebec the aspect of the St. Lawrence 
 is considerably changed, assuming a very bold and 
 attractive character. On the north shore the high 
 range of mountains — from Gap Tourmente thirty 
 miles below Quebec which rises 1892 feet above 
 the river — increases gradually in elevation and 
 cov(u ed with the forest presents a wild and rugged 
 appearance contrasting strongly with the southern , 
 shore which is highly cultivated anrl exhibits along 
 its banks a succession of thriving settlements and^ 
 villages. 
 
 Isle Madame is the largest of a string of small 
 islands just below the Island of Orleans. It is 
 not much more than one mile in lenth. The river 
 commences to expand here, being nearly ten miles 
 across. 
 
 Grosse Isle, thirty miles from Quebec, is a Qua^, 
 rantine Station. All vessels arriving from sea ^^ 
 stop here on their way up. It is provided with 
 an hospital and a Catholic church. 
 
 St. Thomas, thirty two miles from Quebec on 
 the South Shore, is a very picturesque village at 
 the mouth of the Riviere du Sud. Its church is 
 large and handsoi le and is surrounded by nume- 
 tous white cottages. 
 
 Grane Island, a few miles below St. Thomas, is 
 connected at low water with Goose Island. They 
 are both in a good state of cultivation and about 
 twelve miles in extent. The marshes here pro- 
 duce excellent hay. 
 
 The Pillars are a group of rocky islands, fifty 
 five miles from Quebec. On one of them a light 
 
— 117 — 
 
 house is erected. A few miles lower down is the 
 Traverse, a very intricate and dangerous chan- 
 nel in which a floating light is kept ♦'1. night. 
 
 Isle anx Goudres, sixty five miles from Quebec, 
 lies near the north shore opposite St. Paul's Bay^ 
 in the neighborhood of which is a populous and 
 well cultivated settlement. The bay is three miles 
 deep and about two miles at the entrance, from 
 which it assumes an amphitheatrical form with 
 perpendicular cliffs of considerable height rising 
 on each side of the bay. The island received its 
 name from Jacques Cartier on account of the pro- 
 fusion of filberts which he observed on landing 
 there. ^- 
 
 Malbaie or Murray Bay, about ninety miles 
 from Quebec on the north shore. This settlement 
 is well cultivated along the banks of the Malbaie 
 river which flows into the St. Lawrence. The re- 
 sidents are chiefly descendants of the Highlanders 
 enga,ged in Wolfe's campaign who settled here and 
 intermarried with the Canadians. Many families 
 f«om Quebec visit Mabaie in the summer for the 
 benefit of salt water bathing, the water here being 
 perfectly sea-salt. '-^i^ 
 
 Kamouraska on the southern shore nearly oppo- 
 site to Malbaie is also a favorite watering place 
 situated on a rich and populous district. There is 
 excellent accommodation for the numerous visitors 
 who are led here by the reputation it bears of 
 being one of the healthiest places in the province. 
 
 After passing the Pilgrims a group of islets 
 near the north shore ar.d Hare Island in the centre 
 
— 118 — 
 
 of the river we arrive at Riviere du Loup, about >, 
 thirty miles below Kamouraska. This village is J' 
 increasing greatly in importance, being a fashion- J 
 able watering place and situated at the head of 1; 
 the portage which communicates through the Ma- •- 
 dawaska settlement with the lower provinces. 
 There are several extensive saw-mills here. 
 
 ,^- :-,.,..- -., THE SAGITENAY. 
 
 •y 
 
 ;vf •■';■■■-• 
 
 
 This magnificent river, which is said to discharge 
 into the St. Lawrence a greater body of water than :; 
 any other of its tributaries, is one hundred and 
 forty miles below Quebec on the north shore. 
 Strangers have at length an easy opportunity of ■ 
 visiting the scenery along its banks as a steamer 
 leaves Quebec for that purpose occasionally during 
 the summer. The Saguenay or Pitchitanichetz 
 takes its rise in LaJce St. John and in its course of 
 about forty two leagues receives a considerable 
 number of rivers, several of them navigable f*r 
 small vessels The depth and force of its current, ' - 
 which flows between stupendous cliff's that impart 
 an unequalled air of grandeur to the scene, is 
 sensibly felt at its confluence with the St. Law- 
 rence, where for a distance of several miles vessels 
 are obliged to yield to its impulse. The breadth 
 of the St. Lawrence at this point is upwards of 
 twenty miles and that of the Saguenay rather less 
 than a mile. The greatest elevation at its mouth 
 
— 119 — 
 
 '■,«^'- 
 
 is on the westerly side which is nine hundred and ? 
 twelve feet in height. On the opposite side it is 
 five hundred and eighty-eight feet. The highest ' 
 point to which navigation extends for large ves- '^U 
 sels is Ghicoutimi, sixty eight miles from tlie - > 
 mouth, above which the rapids render the commu- ' 
 nication with the Lake exceedingly hazardous, ; 
 except with experienced canoemen. The various >' 
 advantages presented by this noble river, its safe ; 
 and commodious harbors, the fertility of the soil, : ^i 
 especially on the southern bank, and tlie compara- "*; 
 tive mildness of the climate, point it out as a most '} 
 desirable place for settlement. Its resources in _.J' 
 lumber must also be considerable, and already- 
 several saw -mills are established on its banks. ^ '> 
 
 " The {^/jpth of the Saguenay at its mouth in ' 
 mid -channel has not been ascertained ; Capt. Martin • 
 could not find bottom with 330 fathoms of line. 
 At the distance of one hundred fathoms from the 
 shore vessels anchor in twelve or fourteen fathoms, 
 and the bottom is good. About two miles higher -» 
 up it has been repeatedly sounded from 130 to 140 
 fathoms ; and from 60 to 70 miles from the St. 
 Lawrence its depth is found from 50 to 60 fathoms." '''^ 
 
 " The climate of the Saguenay is good and simi- 
 lar to, if not better than, that of Quebec, although ' _ , 
 the autumnal frosts are felt there earlier : the 
 climate is, however, inferior to that of Lake St. '■' 
 John, where the frost is said to commence from 
 fifteen to twenty days later. At Ghicoutimi the 
 land is fit for tillage in May, and strawberries have 
 been eaten there on the 17th of June. " 
 
 Vj 
 
— 120 — 
 
 " Tadouseac Harbor is on the N. E. side of the 
 mouth of the river ; it is sheltered fn n almost 
 every wind and is very deep. It is situated in long. 
 69° 13' W. and lat. 48' 6' 44/' The capaciousness 
 of this harbor is variously represented ; some per- 
 sons think that it could not contain above five or 
 six vessels and even ' se would be under the 
 necessity of carrying <^iichors ashore ; while others 
 assert that it is capable of affording shelter and 
 anchorage for a number of vessels of a large size, 
 and that twenty-five ships of war might ride in 
 safety. The highest tide rises twenty-one feet. 
 The harbor is foimed by the peninsula or L'Islet, 
 which separates it from the Saguenay on the S. W. 
 and the main shore on the N. E., about a third of 
 a mile across and near half a mile in depth at low 
 water, which rises twenty-one feet perpendicular 
 in 5 J hours tide,. The beach, on which there are 
 extensive salmon fisheries, extends out a conside- 
 rable distance, materially contracting the dimen- 
 sions of the harbor. " 
 
 " The passage of the waters of the Saguenay to 
 Ha ! Ha ! Bay, a distance of fifty miles, is one of the 
 wonders of nature. They penetrate through a 
 mountainous tract, composed of sienite granite, 
 forming an immense canal in many places, with 
 banks of perpendicular rocks rising from a thou- 
 sand to fifteen hundred feet above the surface of 
 the river, which is from a hundred to a hundred 
 and fifty fathoms deep nearly the whole way, and 
 from a mile to three miles broad. The power and 
 pride of man is as much humbled in some parts of 
 
— 121 — 
 
 this tremendous chasm as in the immediate pre- 
 sence of Niagara Falls. In many places the largest 
 vessel may run close to the perpendicular rocks, 
 with one hundred fathoms water. There are, how- 
 eve ^r, several coves with good anchorage. In Ha ! Ha ! 
 Bay the Navy of England might ride, in from live 
 to eighty fathoms. At twelve miles below Chi- 
 coutimi, which is distant sixty-eight miles from 
 Tadousac, the spring tide rises eighteen feet, and 
 there is from ten to fifty fathoms at low water. 
 The tide rises aud the river is navigable seven 
 miles above Chicoutimi, where the rapids of the 
 outlet of Lake St. John commence. " 
 
 " T4te du Boule, a round mountain peak, rises 
 on the north side of the river, three luiles from its 
 mouth. Here the rocks and hills are mostly bare, 
 but the verdure increases as you ascend. Nearly 
 opposite La Boule, the banks of the Saguenay 
 assume the appearance of a ruined castle, the tim- 
 ber destroyed by fire. On the left side of La Boule 
 is a deep gully, apparently dividing it from the 
 main land. r^^ : > :sci;.^i 
 
 About three miles from Tadousac, the river 
 inclines to the north for a few miles, then re-umes 
 its western course to Chicoutimi, a -distance of 
 sixty-eight miles from the St. Lawrence and being 
 in many places three miles in width, with a great 
 depth of water, until you arrive at the bar, sixty 
 miles from its mouth. 
 
 The Two Profiles, seen on the north shore, a few 
 miles up, and elevated several hundred feet above 
 the water, bear a striking resemblance to the 
 human face. 
 
— 122 — 
 
 The St. Louis Islands present a rocky and rug- .^ 
 ged appearance. Thoy lie about eighteen miles - 
 above Tadousac, and may be passed by large vessels J 
 on either side. Here it is said, fine trout may be 
 taken in large quantities. ' 
 
 At the distance of thirty-four miles from Tadou- 
 sac, on the south shore of the river, are two en or- , 
 mous masses of rock called Eternity Point and ■ 
 Cape Trinity. They rise from the water's edge 
 to the heiglit of some fifteen hundred feet, and so 
 abruptly that they can almost be touched with ; 
 the hand from the deck of the passing steamer. 
 The aspect of these mountain cliffs is beyond 
 expression grand. No man can pass along their ^ 
 base and lift his eyes up their vast height without -^ 
 awe — without experiencing the most intense emo- 
 tions of sublimity. Sheltered between them is a 
 lovely recess of the shore, called Trinity Cove, its 
 sequestered and lonely beauty enhanced by its 
 strong contrast with the wild grandeur of the rest 
 of the scene. 
 
 Trinity Gape takes its name from the thi ee 
 peaks of its summit, bearing some ressemblance to 
 three human heads ; and the name of Eternity. 
 Point is abundantly indicated by the huge pile of 
 ever-during rock of which it is composed. The 
 whole scene — the majestic river, a hundred fathoms 
 deep, rolling along the base and in the shadows of 
 the vast and beetling cliffs, bearing on their rocky 
 fronts the impress of Almighty power and ever- 
 lasting duration — the whole scene at this place is 
 unsurpassed for its magnificence and solemn beauty. 
 
"■^r 
 
 — 123 — 
 
 " Ha ! Ha I Bay or Baie des Has, called by the 
 Indians Heskuewaska, is on the S. side of the river 
 and so perfect in its ressemblance to the main 
 channel of the Saguenay, that voyagers are often 
 misled by its appearance. There are various opi- ;t 
 nions as to the origin of its name, but the most 
 prevalent opinion is, that it is thus called on , vd 
 \ccount of the sudden bend here formed by the , 
 river ; this unexpected detour induces the voyager *;■ 
 to exclaim Ha ! Ha ! being struck with surprise at '' * 
 seeing the opening of a new prospect. This bay, i;^i 
 the point being doubled, is about seven l&agues ' "^ 
 from Chicoutimi, from which it is separated by a ^' ; 
 tongue of land fifteen miles in breadth ; it is nine- y 
 teen leagues from the mouth of the river. The '':^ 
 outlines of this bay form a basin of two leagues 
 and a half in width and about seven, or as some • 
 assert nine, miles inland. The anchorage, which 
 is very good, varies from fifteen to thirty-five 
 fathoms, and the bay forms a harbor in which 
 vessels of any size would fine complete shelter 
 from all winds. The land in its vicinity is good 
 and fit for cuttivation, and the bay is bordered by 
 prairies of considerable extent. Into the head of 
 the bay the rivers Wipuscool and Vasigamenk6 . 
 run from the north. In the middle of the bay is J ; 
 a small rock which forms a little promontory on * 
 the north side. Ha ! Ha ! Bay is supposed to be desti- 
 ned to become, in course of time, the entrepot of. '^ 
 the Saguenay. f • 
 
Q 
 
 q: 
 < 
 
 o 
 111 
 
 < 
 
LAKE ST. JOHN. 
 
 The Home of the Ouananiche. 
 
 The Mecca of the American tourist, sportsman, 
 canoeist, and woodsman is the northeastern penin- 
 sula of Canada that extends from Hudson's Bay 
 southward to the River and Culf of St. Lawrence, 
 and eastward to Labrador. 
 
 Quebec and the St. Lawrence have lost none of 
 their old-time charms, save where the impious 
 hands of modern vandals have been ruthlessly laid 
 upon the fortifications of a city that Montcalm 
 died to save, and that Wolfe yielded up his life to 
 gain. 
 
 The lower Saguenay pouring down towards the 
 sea its dirgeful flood of dark and almost unfathom- 
 able waters along it bed of volcanic origin, cleft 
 between precipitous banks of adti man tine rock, at- 
 tracts yearly an increasing number of that ever- 
 extending class of refined and educated American 
 tourists, whose chief delight it is to read and study 
 Nature for themselves, from the most fascinating 
 pages of her ever-open book. 
 
 A few years ago the visual contemplation of 
 
— 126 — 
 
 such a scene was denied to all but a privileged few; 
 by the difficulty of reaching it. Today you leave 
 Quebec in the morning by palace car, and reach 
 Lake St. John, nearly 200 miles towards the 
 North Pole and you travel too, through some of 
 the wildest scenery that this Northern country can 
 boast of, for mountain fastnesses and primeval 
 forests fill in alrao^ts the whole of the intervening 
 country between the old city of Quebec and the 
 northerly terminus of the railway. The line runs 
 through a country of lakes and rivers as well as of 
 mountains, and all the waters in this territory 
 litterally swarm with fish. Scores of American 
 fishing clubs control privileges along the line of 
 the railway ; many of them, whose membership 
 includeds some of the best known and wealthiest 
 sportsmen in America, having leased large areas of 
 country, dotted with lakes and crossed by rivers, 
 from the Provincial Government, for purposes of 
 sport, upon which they have erected elaborate and 
 well furnished club-houses. For upwards of thirty 
 miles the railway follows the course of Ihe Batis- 
 cau River, one of the most picturesque streams in 
 America, being here a succession of rapids hemmed 
 iu on either side by lofty mountains. 
 
 Arrived at Roberval, the present northerly ter- 
 minus of the railway, on the westerly shore of 
 Lake St. John, the train pulls up at the Hotel Ro- 
 berval, which, to the surprise of the tourist or 
 sportsman who first visits the lake, and who may 
 not have read or heard of the house, is found to be 
 a magnificent new hostelry, with a frontage of one 
 
— 127 — 
 
 hundred imd eighty feet, having three wings, each 
 a hundrd feet long, and accommodatioT^ for three 
 hundred guests. It is elegantly furnished throug- 
 hout and supplied with billiard-room, bowling 
 alley, aad a promenade and concert hall. The bed- 
 rooms are all large, comfortable, and well ventilated, 
 several being en suite, while almost every room in 
 the house commands a magnificent view of the 
 lake and surrcunding country. The cuisine is 
 unsurpassed, being under the supervision of a 
 competent French chef. The out-door attractions 
 are lawn tennis, croquet, fishing, bathing, boating, 
 riding, and driving. The house is supplied with 
 hot and cold water and electric light throughout, 
 the grounds being illuminated in like manner, It 
 is the necessary headquarters of all tourists visi- 
 ting^ Lake St. John and the surrounding ten itory, 
 and of all fishermen bent upon the capture of the 
 gamy Ouananiche, which is^ indigenous to Lake 
 St. John and its tributary waters. ' 
 
 Of all the finny tribes that swarm thp inland 
 waters of this sportsman's paradise, the Ouana- 
 niche is king — so far, at least, as gamenss is con- 
 cerned. Its fighting powers bafiie description. With 
 the qualities of the salmon and trout it unites 
 those of the bass, its leaps out of the water when 
 hooked being simply prodigious. During the last 
 two years hundreds of anglers from all parts of 
 the American Union have visited Lake St. John, 
 to match their finesse against the agility and 
 strength of this aquatic warrior. Out of the water, 
 as well as in it, the Ouananiche is one of the most 
 
OUIATCHOUAN FALL 
 

 — 129 — 
 
 beautiful fisn that swim ; and its flesh is conside- 
 red by many superior to that of the ordinary 
 salmon. 
 
 Immediately in front of the Hotel Roberval, 
 and all along the Roberval shore, is to be had the 
 earliest Ouananiche fishing of the season. It usually 
 dates from the first week of June, while the more 
 exciting sport of fighting these land-locked salmon 
 in the seething rapids of the Grande Discharge 
 may be had from the first week of July to the 
 middle of September, the rapids are due to the 
 action of Lake St. John in giving birth to the 
 marvelous Saguenay. It is a thrilling sensation 
 to shoot these rapids in the frail canoes of the 
 Canadian and Indian voyageurs, with nothing but 
 a piece of birch bark and the untutored skill of 
 your duskey guide between you and eternity. 
 
 The best Ouananiche fishing is to be had below 
 the first falls and within a snort distance of the 
 Island House a confortable hotel under the same 
 management as the Hotel Roberval, it is reachs in 
 less than two hours from Roberval. 
 
 The autumn fishing for Ouaminiche is always 
 good in the Peribonca, Mistassini, and Ashuap- 
 mouchouan Rivers, which flow into Lake St. John 
 from the north and west, and also in its principal 
 southern tributary, the Metabetchouan. These are 
 all marvel ously magnificent streams, and drain a 
 vast territory of country that is in very truth a 
 sportsman's paradise. French Canadian and Indian 
 guides, as well as canoes and complete outfits for 
 camping parties, including tents, cooking utensils, 
 

 . ' r> 
 
 ■*..; 
 
 Roberval Hotel or the Island House. l c 
 
 Fgr the guests of the Hotel Roberval there are: 
 numerous attractions in addition to those already 
 indicated. The Montagnais, some of the darkest 
 colored of Canadian Indians, have a reserve at 
 Pointe Bleue, three miles from the hotel, and are '"- 
 an exceedingly interesting tribe. They hunt the ,, 
 regions extending from Lake St. John to Hudson " 
 Bay. Five or six miles in another direction are, 
 the far-famed Ouiatchouan Falls, two hundred and ^^ 
 thirty-six feet in height, an extremely beautiful 
 cataract, higher than either Niagara or Montmo- 
 renci. Naturalists, tourists, scientists, and sports- 
 men may all find in this entrancing country recrea-.i 1 
 tion and health, instruction and pleasure, amuse- ^^ 
 ment and sport, in a holiday tour to " The Home 
 of the Ouananiche. " 
 
 r-':^ 
 
PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 ROMAN CATHOL.IC CHITRCMES. 
 
 Basilica — Rev . Mr. F. Faguy — (Morning) 10.00 
 (Afternoon) 7.00. 
 
 Church of the Congregationists — Rev. Mr. 
 Fortin. Service commences (Morning) 6.30 
 o'clock and 10 00. (Afternoon) 2 o'clock and 4. 
 Corner St. Joseph and Caron streets, St. Roch. 
 
 Church of the Good Shepherd — Rev. B. Bemier. 
 Service commences (Morning) 6. (Evening) 4. 
 Lachevroti^re street. 
 
 Church of Notre Dame des Victoires — Rev. 
 Mr. Vaillancc 'rt. Service commences (Morn- 
 ing) 6.30, Notre Dame street. 
 
 Church of Sisters of Charity — Rev. Mr. God- 
 bout. Service commences (Morning) 6, (After- 
 (noon) 4. Corner Richelieu and Glacis streets. 
 
 Congregational — Rev. Mr. Desy, Superior Ser- 
 vice commences (Morning) 6.80, (Afternoon) 5. 
 Corner D'Auteuil and Dauphin streets. U. T. 
 
 General Hospital — Rev. C. E. Gagn6. Service 
 commences (Morning) 5.45. (Afternoon) 2. 
 
 Hotel Dieu — Rev. M. Beaulieu. Service com- 
 mences (Morning) 6, (Afternoon) 2. 
 
 Notre Dame de la Garde — Rev. C. Richard,, 
 Pastor, Diamond Harbor. 
 
 Notre Dame de Lourdes — St. Sauveur. 
 
 St. Patrick's — Rev. Mr. Gates, C. SS. R. Service 
 commences (Morning) 10, (Evening) 7.30. Mc- 
 Mahon street, U. T. 
 
 St. Roch— Mr. F. H. B^langer. Service commences 
 (MoKning) 10.00, (Afternoon) 2. St. Joseph st 
 
— 133 — 
 
 St. Sauvetjr — Rev. F. Grenier. Service commences 
 (Morning) 9.80, (Afternoon) 2 Boisseauville 
 
 Ursulines — L. L. Paradis. Service commences 
 (Morning) 6.15, (Afternoon) 2. 
 
 Roman Catholic churches & convents are open daily 
 
 PROTESTANT HOURS OF SERVICES. 
 
 All Saint Chapel (Ch, of Eng,) Cathedral yard. — 
 (Des Jardins 25.)— 9.30 A. M. and 5 P. M. 
 
 Baptist Church. — Rev. A. T. Dykeman. Service 
 commences 11a. m., and 7 p. m. ; Praye meeting, 
 Monday and Sunday School at 3 p. m. Wednes- 
 day, 8 p. m. — McMahon, near d'Auteuil. 
 
 Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, (Garden street). — 
 Right Revd. J. W. Williams, D. D. Lord Bishop : 
 Very revd. R. W. Norman, M. A., C. L., D. D., 
 Dean and rector ; rev. H. J. Petry, R. A., Assis- 
 tant Minister. — Hours of Divine Service : Sun- 
 days : morning service at 11 o'clock, evening 
 service at 7 o'clock. — Holy C^ommunion : First 
 and third Sundays in each month, after morn- 
 ing service ; second, second and fifth Sundays, at 
 8.00 A. M., and on the great festivals. — Week 
 days : service daily at 9.30 a. m. and 5 p. m., in 
 All Saints Chapel or Cathedral. 
 
 Chalmers Free, (Presbyterian Church.) — Revd. D. 
 Tait, rector. Service commences 11 a.m. & 7 p.m. 
 
 Methodist Church. —Rev. H. F. Bland and Rev 
 Salem G. Bland, B. A. — Service commences 11 
 a. m. and 7 p. m. Wednesday, 8 p. m., Sunday 
 School and Bible Classes at 2.45 p. m. — St. Sta- 
 nislas, cor. Dauphine. 
 
— 134 — 
 
 St Andrew's Church, (Church of Scotland) — Rev. 
 A. T. Love, B. A. — Service commence 11 a. m. 
 and Tp. m. (St. Ann st.) Sabbath Schools and 
 Bible class at 2.45 o'clock — Divine service, 
 Wednesday evening at 8. 
 
 St Mathew's Church (Ch. of Eng.) — Rev. L. W. 
 Williams, M. A., rector ; rev. T. A. Williams assis- 
 tant priest — Services commences 7.30 in sum- 
 mer, 8 in winter, and 10.30 a. m. and 4 and 7 p, 
 m. daily 5 p. m. Saints days 7 30 in summer, 8 
 in winter, and 10.30 a. m. and 5 p. m. Seats all 
 free. Opens daily from 7.30 a. m. till 5.30 p. m. 
 
 St Michael's Church. — (Ch. of England) — Sillery. 
 — Rev. A. A. Von Iffland, rector — Service com- 
 mences 11 a. m., and 4 p. m. Sillery Heights 
 Cap Rouge Road. 
 
 St Paul's Church (Mariner's Ch. of Eng.) — Rev. 
 T. Richardson — Service commences 10.30 a. m., 
 and 7 p. m. Champlain 499. 
 
 St Peter's Church (Ch. of Eng.) Rev. A. J. Balfour, 
 M. A., Rector. — Service commences 8 and 10.30 
 a. m., Sunday school, 2.30 p. m. Children's ser- 
 vice 3.30 p. m., and evening service, 7 p. m. — 
 St. Valier 2i68. 
 
 Trinity Church — (Church of England) — Rev. A. 
 LaRiviere, rector. — Service commences 11 a. m. 
 and 7 p. m. — Seats all free. — St. Stanislas 11. 
 
 Church of Holy Trinity Cathedal. — Church of 
 England Right Rev. Bishop Dunn, and the very 
 Rev. R. W. Morman Dean of Quebec and Rev. 
 H. G. Petry. 
 
TARIFF OF CARTERS. 
 
 takifjF for hackney carriage 
 
 ONE HORSE YBHIGLES. 
 
 By the drive. 
 
 For one or two personB $ 40 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons 60 
 
 In all cases where the drive extends from a point in one Ward 
 to a point in another Ward, and passing through a portion of at 
 least one intervening Ward. 
 In all other cases : 
 
 For 1 or 2 persons.\ $ 25 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons. 40 
 
 By the hour. — For the first hour. 
 
 For 1 or 2 persons 75 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons , 100 
 
 By the hour, — For every subsequent hours. 
 
 For 1 or 2 persons 60 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons 75 
 
 TWO HOESES VBfflOLBS. 
 
 By the drive. 
 
 For 1 or 2 persons , . „ 60 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons ,, 75 
 
 In all cases wL'^re the drive extends from a point in one Ward 
 to a poi'nt in another Ward, and passing through a portion of at 
 least one intervening Ward. 
 
 In all other cases : 
 
 For 1 or 2 persons...,. % 50 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons 75 
 
 By hour. — For 1 or 2 persons 1 00 
 
 For 3 or 4 persons 1 25 
 
 BA06A0B. 
 
 For each trunk or box carried in any such vehicle, 10 cents ,* 
 but no charge shall be made for travelling bags, valises, boxes or 
 parcels which passengers can carry by hand. 
 
 For drives between midnight and four o' lock in the morning, 
 fifty per cent shall be added to the tariff rates above established. 
 
 Children under five years of age and sitting on their parents 
 or guardians' lap will be admitted free of charge and shall not be 
 held at being included in the word "person" in the said tariff. 
 
 The word drive wherever it occurs in the said tariff shall be 
 to admit stoppages within the time fixed for said drives. 
 
. W. WXlllxJttl telaU. 
 
 IJXIPOBTERS OF 
 
 fine Stationary, Indiaq Goods, 
 
 ^rt Novelties, Books, 
 
 Magazines and ^ms Papers, Etc. 
 
 PHOTOSRAPHS, GUIDES 
 
 AND 
 
 MAPS OP QUEBEC AUD VICIUITT. 
 
 NEW YORK. BOSTON and CHICAGO PAPERS 
 
 RECEIVED DAILY. 
 
 31, BTJjSlIDEI STI2;E1E!T 
 
 OPPOSITE BASILICA 
 
 -^^ <^ "^ Si 30 3C C <• tf-<^ 
 
 Publishers of Uie Montgomery Souvenir. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 Historical Sketch 3 
 
 Quebec «••• 34 
 
 General Wolfe 36 
 
 Montcalm 40 
 
 Wolfe's Army 43 
 
 General Montgomery 46 
 
 The City — the Terrace 48 
 
 The Union building , 51 
 
 The Wolfe and Montcalm monumer \,, 52 
 
 The English Cathedral and Place d'Armes 53 
 
 La Maison du Chien d'or 54 
 
 The Market Square 56 
 
 The Basilica 58 
 
 Seminary chapel 59 
 
 The Laval Uniyersity 61 
 
 The Battery 63 
 
 St. John's Gate 64 
 
 The Esplanade 65 
 
 The Garr ison Club 66 
 
 The Citadel 67 
 
 St. Louis street 68 
 
 The Ursuline Convent 70 
 
 The Hotel Dieu 74 
 
 St. Patrick's Church ■— Trinity Churoh 75 
 
 The Methodist Church — St. Andrew's Church — Morrin 
 
 College 76 
 
— 138 — 
 
 The Litterary and Historical Society— Institut Canadien — 
 The Women's Christian Association — The High 
 
 School — Chulmer's Church 77 
 
 The Baptist Church — The French Protestant Church — St. 
 
 Mathew's Chapel (Episcopal) 78 
 
 Church and Convent of the Grey Sisters — Young Men's 
 
 Christian Association — Jeffery- Hale Hospital 79 
 
 General Hospital — The Skating Eink 81 
 
 The Department Buildings — The Drill Shed — The Harbor 83 
 The Custom House —Grand Trunk, and other R. R. stations 84 
 
 The Gates 85 
 
 The environs 86 
 
 Lorette 90 
 
 The Montmorenci 93 
 
 The Chaudifere Falls 98 
 
 The Falls of St. Aun 101 
 
 The Lakes 105 
 
 The Island or Orleans Ill 
 
 The hermitage '. 113 
 
 The St. Lawrence below Quebec 115 
 
 The Saguenay .■ 118 
 
 Lake St. John — The Home of the Ouananiche 125 
 
 Public Institutions 132 
 
 Tariff of Carters 135 
 
ONLY RAIL ROUTE to the delightful 
 summer resorts north of Quebec, 
 through the 
 
 Canadian Adirondacks. 
 
 Monarch Parlor and Sleeping Cars. 
 Magnificent Scenery. 
 
 Beautiful Climate. 
 
 HOTEL ROBERVAL, LAKE ST. JOHN, recently 
 enlarged, has fir8t class accommodation for 300 guests 
 Daily communication by new fast steamer across the lake, 
 with the Island House, the centre of the " Ouananiche " 
 fishing grounds which are free to guests of the hotel. 
 
 For information as to hotels apply to 
 hotel managers ; for folders and guide books 
 to R. M. Stocking, City ticket agent, oppo- 
 site St. Louis' Hotel, and to 
 
 AL.EX. HARDir, J. «. SCOTT, 
 
 Gen. F. & P. Agt., Secy. & Manager. 
 
 Quebec. 
 
Likairie MDNTMORfflCY-LAVil 
 
 - 28, Pabrique Street. 
 
 •oOo- 
 
 SteLtioners and 
 
 <>'■:■ 
 
 WuxkOY Cl-oods* 
 
 — ALSO — ^::' 
 
 ■*\' ' -..-. ■'l^^'^ 
 
 $]p:eCXAX.XTT 
 
 OF 
 
 ». ■■ ;,"-•' 
 
 '•u' V:^ '•"-■.,• ''- 
 
 WeOB §OU¥EMm: 
 
 
 OF 
 
 -.* .' ■■ V 
 
 
 ':.:.^ :-';. .-i-V 
 
 '•^ 
 
 ^S'-"''::-l^'i}^vi-^l^4?^ 
 
 ■ ■*^-.. ■ .1 .. 
 
■■■i' 
 
 ■I ■ ■ 
 
 '■■■■ .-^ \- 
 
 WRIGHT « CO. 
 
 . BOOKSELLERS 
 
 STATIONERS & NEWS AGENTS 
 
 OEALEBS IN 
 
 Music, Jewellery, Spectacles 
 
 ' ' • • -A. N D 
 
 FANCY GOODS. 
 
 120, ST. JOHN STREET, QUEBEC. 
 
 ■'' ■ '• • » ■ ■■'''• *v •• ■ ■ ■• .-<'''". ', ■'" . . - . ' - . . . 
 
 - DISPENSINa CHEiaiST 
 
 MGLISH, FRE1\€H & AMERICAN 
 
 PARFUMBS 
 
 4, FABRIQUE STREET / 
 
 ■-y,:" ' . .Q U E JB K C .:. > -■•■:.■ .■ . • .•- 
 
 'f- -.1.. . *■' 
 
.,., 'V' • t' 
 
 TAILOR 
 
 TO 
 
 JlisExcellency the Governor General 
 
 Under the distinguished Patronage of . 
 H. R, H. PRINCESS LOUISE 
 
 FOR LiADIES JACKETS. 
 
 ,?. J^;. 
 
 ti*^*i««ii^MMa^«*i«N«aaa%«««aM«%# 
 
 
 v:^; 
 
 D. MORGAN 
 
 PLACE D' AMIES ' s,:;, 
 
 Opposite Dufferin Terrace 
 
 '"'*'" QUEBEC. '''■'■ 
 
 A'' 
 
 
 ^"^ '. 
 
 .<^' " 
 
 :-^^ 
 
 >-i.. *■- 
 
.f ' 
 
 ■*^. ( 
 
 BUADE STXEET - UPPER TOWN 
 
 J. T. LEVALLE " 
 
 CHIEND'OR RESTAURANT 
 
 DINIJSG ROOM 
 
 MEALS AT ALL HOURS. 
 
 'At 
 
 OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE QUEBEC. ; 
 
 T W EN T Y R O (D MS 
 
 -,3'^";. ./>?■:,••. •ijt^-. 
 
 "^..'/^ ..:v;s-:-x'^r«.'V 
 
 
 ^• 
 
 TO RENT 
 
 -?/ ■^■' ■•' -<<';' 
 
 IN CONNECTION WITH THIS HOUSE 
 
 ;*^^ ' -■f■^■'^^- 
 
 :*S' - '»■ 
 
 Tlie only well appoioteil Eestanrant in tie City. 
 
 ■^ >" .■'.'.'..' ' .." '"'K 
 
 
QUEBEC CHEAP SHOE STORE 
 
 FINE STOCK OF 
 
 I Boots, Shoes & Rubbers ' 
 
 '''■':%i- ALWAYS OW HAND ■ 
 
 ,, 24, ST. JOHISr STREET 
 
 JEAN SIMARD, I A. J. CARON, 
 
 PROPRIETOR MANAGER 
 
 HENCHEY'S HOTEL 
 
 , .,j^- OPPOSITE THE ENGLISH CATHEPaAL .f ,. 
 
 Nos. 34, 38 and 40. St. Ann St, 
 
 UPPER TOWN, QUEBEC. 
 
 The most comfortable and convenient hotel 
 
 in the city. 
 
 PRICE : $1.50 PER DAY. 
 
ESTABLISHED 50 YEARS 
 
 G.R.RFJFREW&CO. 
 
 GS/TJ E B E O 
 
 BY SPECIAL APPOINTMENT 
 
 FURRIERS TO THE gUEEK 
 
 The Finest Stock of Ricl) Furs ii] the Dominioi] 
 
 Hudfon Bay Sables and Beavtrs, Silver Foxcb, Grizzly 
 Isabella and Black Bears, Buffalos 
 
 Novelties in Ladies Paris Mantles 
 made from real Alaska Seals 
 
 *» 
 
 Gentlemens' Pur Lined Coats 
 
 ALL AT THE MOST MODERATE PRICES. 
 BRANCH Yl & 73, King: 8t., East TORONTO. 
 
J. B. IiAIiilBERTX: 
 
 The Largest Manufacturer of Ladies and Gents Furs in Canada. 
 14L5, ST-JOSEFH STREET; QUEBEC.