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•MIfMM

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MpMM

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SECOND REPORT

J 1

V >» 1

BRANDING COMMITTEE

IMMIGRATION AND COLONIZATION.

10tintmif$yt #iarr of j^^viiiwenf.

-Mr—"-—" --

PRINTED BY HUNTEI? KO.SK & CO.

i \

SECOND REPORT

OK THE

STANDING COMMITTEE

IMMIGRATION AND COLONIZATION

i \

i^vinttti tjn <§r0tr oC l^mUnuuxit

i»

rUlNTED BY HUNTER, ROSE & CO.

SECOND REPORT

OF THE

STANDING COMMITTEE

IMMIGRATION AND COLONIZATION.

The Standing CnmmUtoft on Tminigratioii iuul Colonization beg leave to report that, in
the report of the Coiuniitteo on Tnunigration and Colonization of 18()8, the clause of the
" British America Act," conferring joint or concurrent jurisdiction on " Immigration into the
Province," upon the Legislature of Canada and on all or any of the Provinces, included in
the Confederacy, is quoted and thus commented upon; —

" These clauses seem to place every interest in connection with the public lands, and
their settlement, beyond the purview of this Committee" and further that, " in order to
avoid a conflict of authority, and to secure the efficiency of any general immigration scheme,
it is necessary that there should be an understanding, and, consequently, co-operative action
between the General and the Provincial Legislatures."

In conformity with the latter suggestion, proceedings have been taken which are thus
reported, in certain documents whicu were submitted to the House of Commons, on the 26th
of April last.

MINUTES OF ARRANGEMENTS.

" At a meeting of Delegates from tlic Government of Canada, and the Provincial Govern-
ments of Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick on the 30th October, 1868, on the subject of
Immigration, there were present: —

Sir John A. Macdonald, K.C.B., and the Hon. J. C. Chapais,
on behalf of the Government of the Dominion.

The Hon. John Carling and the Hon. E. B. Wood,

on behalf of the Government of Ontario.

The Hon. P. J. 0, Chauveau and the Hon. Christopher Dunkin,
on behalf of the Province of Quebec.

The Hon. A. R. Wetmore and the Hon. Mr. Beckwith,

on behalf of the Government of New Brunswick.

After full discussion of the eubject, the following propositions were agreed to, subject to
the approval of the respective Governments : —

As the General Government receives the Emigrant Tax and is charged with the admin-
istration of the Quarantine Laws and the Establishment and Maintenance of Marine Hospitals
and must of necessity be the means of communication with Her Majesty's Government on
all the matters aflfeoting emigration, it is agreed : —

1st. That the General Government shall establish and maintain at itj expense an
efficient Emigration office at London, England, and such other places in the Unitecl Kingdom,
as the <^ovornmcnt may from time to time tliink proper.

2ntl. TliPt it hhall also cHtabliuli at least one ujrcnoy on the continent of Euro|)e, and im
many more as it may from time to time deem expec. er.t.

'5rd. That it "liall defray all expenseM connected with the Quarantine cstablishmcntH at
(iucboc, Halifax and St. John, New Brunswick.

4th. That it shall maintain and defray the cxpenxoH of Immigration OffiecH at Quebec,
Montreal, Kinpston, Toronto, liamilttm, Ottawa, Halifax and 8t. John, New HrunKwiek, and
aim) at Miramichi or isome otlier points contiguous to the line of the proposed Intercolonial
Uailway.

5tli. That it shall, if need bo, apply to the Parliament of Canada annually, for a ^'raiot
in aid of Inlmigratiou generally.

Gth. That the several Provinces on their part shall establish an elHcient Hystem of Emi-
grant Agency wiUiin their respective Territories, and shall connect it, as much as jxjssiblc,
with a liberal policy for the settlement and colonization of the uncultivated lands.

7th. That in addition to the European agencies of Canada, each Province rnay appoint
such agents in Europe or elsewhere as they think proper, and that su >h agents shall be duly
accredited by the General Government.

8th. That each Province shall transmit from time to tiuicto the Department of Immigra-
tion of Canada, and to the agents of Canada in Europe, full ^dformation as to its system of
colonisation and settlement, the lands assigned for free grants to settlers, if any, and the con-
dition of such grants, together with all such 'aformation as may be deemed important for the
])romotion of Immigration.

0th. That in order to prevent disappointment on the part of intending Emigrants, and
to insure correct information, no Province shall alter the terms and conditions proposed to be
so conveyed to the General Government and the European agents without due and reasonable
notice, and that if possible such information should be prepared during the winter in each
year, and be in force, without any restrictive change, for the [ensuing season of navigation.
10th. That each Government shall appoint a Delegate to meet at Ottawa, for the
purpose of mutual conference, and for the better carrying out an cfificiont system at least
once a quarter in each year.

11th. That such Legislation as may bo required to carry this arrangement into effect
shall bo submitted to the respective Legislatures concerned at their first Session.

The within correctly sets forth the agrocracut come to at the Emigration Conference,
held at Ottawa on 30th October, 1868.

[Signed], E. B. Wood,

John Cabling,
Pierre J. 0. Ciiatjvkatt,
Christr. D'JNKIN."
The above minute of arrangements, having been sanctioned by His Excellency the
Governor General, was communicated to the several Provincial Governments and replied to
as follows : —

Province ov Quebec, Secretary's Office,
Quebec, 20th January, 186;).
Sir, — I am directed by the Lieut. Governor of the Province of Quebec, to inform you
that he has submitted to his Council the Copy of the Order in Council of His Excellency
the Administrator of Canada, and a Copy of the Minute mentioned in the said Order on the
subject of the Conference between the Federal Government and the Local Governments in
relation to Immigration, and that the contents thereof meet the approval of the Lieut. Gover-
nor in Council.

I havo, &c.,

PlI. J. JOLICOEUR,

Assistant Secretary.
The Hon. the Secretary of State

For the Provinces, Ottawa.

1 \

-t

(Copy— 827— 68) Provincial Secretary'b Office,

Toronto, 1st February, 1800.
Sir, — I am commanded by the Jiicutonant Governor of this Province to irform you
that having h^d under careful conwidoratiou your letter of tho 22in\ December ami itH owlc-

I ^

RurfU, namely : a copy of tho MinutoH of the procccdin>,'H had by tho DclcKfttofl, from the
(iovorniiicnt of tlio Dominion, and from the I'rovinoiiil UovorninentH orOnfario, Quohec, and
New Brunswick, at a Confcrcnco hold at Ottawa on the HOth October, 18)38, to cotiHidor the
subject of Immigration, and a copy of a Report of a Committee of tho Honorable tho Privy
Council, approved by Ilis Excellency tho AdminiHtrator in (Jouncil on the 18th December,
1868, having further relation to tho subject, ho approves on behalf of the projKwitions drawn
up and agreed to at the Conference.

I am further commanded to announce to you for the inforiiialion of His Execllouoy thr
<lovernor General that an appropriation of $10,000 (ten thousand dollars) has been mado by
the Legislature of Ontario, in nid of Immigration for tho year IHGO.

1 have the honor to be, Sir,

Your most obedient servant
(Flgned) TiioH. C. I'attkuson.

Asat. Secretary.
The Honorable

. ho Secretary of State (Provinoes),
Ottawa.

(Copy)

PuoviNctAi, Secketahy'.s Ofkioe,
Fredcricton, ^f. B., 1st February, 1869.
Sir, — Tho minute of tho airangements provisionally come to by the delegates appointed
by tho Governments of Canada, Ontavio, Quabeo and New Brunswick respectively, on tho
subject of Immigration, was submitted to tho Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick in
Council, on tho 9th day of January last, when it was ordered as follows :

" The Council confirm the action of tho delegates at Ottawa on the .'iOth October, 1868,
" with tho proviso that it may not be convenient for New Brunswick to be represented every
" three months at Ottawa, possibly not more than twice a year ; and they do not consider any
•' legislation in this I*rovince uocessary at the presort time to carry out the arrangement
" entered into."

I have tho honor to be. Sir,
Hon. H. L. Langevin, C. B., Your most obedient Servant,

Secretary of State, Ottawa. (Signed), Joun A. BeckwiTl

Government House,
Halifax, Nova Scotia, IGth February, 18G9.
Sir,— Having in accordance with tho wish expressed in your Despatch (No. 949) of
lanuary 21st, called the attention of my Council to the proposed arrangements concerning
iimigration, a copy of which was enclosed in your Despatch (No. 906) of December, 22nd.
have the honor to state, for the information of His Excellency the Governor General, that
1 a minute submitted to me this day iuy Council inform mc that •' While fully admitting
•' the value of a well-directed effort on behalf of Immigration, they have to cxpretis their regret
•' that in tho present financial condition of tho Province, with the limited amount at the dis-
" posal of the Legislatr.e, they arc not in a condition toco-operate in the enlarged scheme of
" Immigration recomiiiended at a meeting of Delegates held ar. Ottawa on the 30th October
"last."

I have &c.,
(Signed) Hastinqs Doyle.

Tho Honorable.

The Secretary of State for the Provinces,

&c., &c., &c.

PROVINCIAL OPERATIONS, &C.

Your Committee have submitted to the Ministers of Agriculture, in tho Province of
Ontario and Quebec, respectively, a series of questions which, with tho answers arc as
lollows : —

Evidence of Hon. John Carlino, Commissioner of Agriculture and Public Works,
Ontario.

Quei 1. I« the Immifj;ration policy of the (Jovcrnmcnt of Ontivrio conduo^xsd by the
Department of Agriculture of whicli yon aio tlio head 'f—Ans. Yes !

Quel. 2. Will you favor tho Committee with informatir.o in reforonco to the practice
of the Govfirnmcnt of Ont;; - in obcdionco t^) arranKemc.its mado .t a conference of dcle-
L'ates at Ottawa on the :}Otli October last?— ^n«. The foliowinj,' arc t!\c raout important
measures whi(;h have been adopted by the Government of Ontario for tiio promotion ot immi-
I'l-atioo in puiHuanciJ ot the arranj;oincnts mado at the conference of dolegattis at Ottawa.

Mr White of Hamilton has been api)oin ted fpceial Emif^rution (Joaimiyfiioncrlrora Ontario
to Great Britain. His instructionH aro to travel throu-h the United Kingdom, nriO by every
mo'aiiH in his power, to diffuse as widely as possible information m regard to the i rovince
which he reprcKcnts, and to encourage a healthy emigration theiiito.

Large posters, in tho English and German languages, mid pamphlets, with maps, have
been prepared, setting forth tho advantagcr, presented by Ontario, as u field lor emigration.
12,000 post<!r8 and 20,000 pamphlets have been printed and arc now being wmely dis-
tributed by Mr. White in England, Ireland and Scotland, so us to diffuse, as widely as
possible, tho information given by them.

Circulars have been prepared, and sent to tho Kccve ot every Township, :ind the Mayor
of every City and Town in the Province, numbering nearly 400, request)-'; information as to
how many and what kind of laborers, mechanics, &c., are needed, and the average wages paid.
Keturns have been rocoived from 1G3 of these, which are registered by the Department, and
the result communicated, from time to time, to tho Emigrant Agents throughout tho Pro-
vince, and mado public through the ncwspapirs. These 1G3 returns show a demand lor
about 15,000 laborers, 1,500 mechanics and ('.,o )0 female servants, making a total ot ^d,OUl).
Should the returns tliat have yet to come in s'low an equal demand tho wh- . number
required will be upwards of 50,000. . . • j- * • *

Besides tho foregoin- measures, tho Ontario Government are offering, m certain districts,
free grants of land to actual settlers, over 18 yoai-s of age, subject to certain conditions as
to occupation and clcariag. The amount granted is 200 acres to heads ot families and 100
acres to each child and other settlers over 18 years of age v.ithoui distinction ot sex.

In order in facilitate access to those lands nd to give means of travel through the dis-
tricts, the Legislature of Ontario appropriated, at its last sitting, tho sum of «oO,000 tor the
construction of Colonization roads, and $85,000 for Locks, and otherimprovoments in the
water communication. Those works arc being proceeded with as rapidly as possible, and will
give employment to a considerable number of immigrant laborers. Besides the above, a
further bum ot $50,000 was appropriated for surveys of free grant and mineral lands which
surveys arc now being mado as rapidly as possible. « ^i. tv • •

hues. 3. On the arrival of the immigrant at any of tho agonoies of the Dominion,
within the Province of Ontario, is there any provision made by tho Government of Ontario,
for facilitating his settlement?— ylns. There is! In the case of immigrants, entire y desti-
tute, and when such relief is absolutely necessary, the Government of Ontario provides lood
and free passage, by Railway, from Toronto to the station nearest to the plaee ot destination
within the Pro'^vincc. The arrangement made is that the Dominion Government is to provide
free passage to Toronto, and also, accommodation and shelter at the different cities, where their

agencies are established. _ a- i ^

It will thus bo seen that the Government of Ontario is making all reasonable eflorts to
perform its part of tlie agreement entered into, and what is particularly to be desired now,
is the cordial co-operatiou of tho people of the Province themselves and that of the various
municipalities.

Your Committee in reply to application made by letter to the Provincial Secretaries of
Quebec and New Brunswick, respectively, have received the following replies :—

From Ike Hon. P. J. O. Chauveau, SecreUmj, Province of Quebec.
To Geo. Jackson, Esquire, M. P.,

Chairman, Committee on Immigration and Colonization.

The undersigned has much pleasure in complying with the request made to him for a
Htatemont of the measure? adopted by the Quebec GovornmcT-c, m behalf of tho settlement ^\
|he puhlio lands and of immigration. ,

■1^

Those two Bubjcctfl liaVo rocoived the constant att«ntioa of th ) Govcrnincut and Legig-
liituro of the I'roTincf , nu ■ t. i greater part of tlio revenue flerived from the public domain
haa been approp'-'attJ, undn: diverse forms, to thcso *wo objects, which it is " npossible Vj
Boparato, aiuco v -♦-vor tends to facilitate the settlement of the inhabitants of the province
on the public '< n ... - equally favorable to immigration.

The Lf ihlatur ;< of the I'rovinco of Quebec has; passed dificrent laws, with a view to
facilitate tht settlcnent of the Crown Lands, and 'n uli this legislation, immigrants have
been placed upon the same looting as the natives of the country.

One of these laws, passed in the first scsaion of Parliament, haa for its object the cons-
truction of colonization roads, which are divided into thren cWos ; those of the first class
are considered to be of public and provincial utility and are constructed entirely at tho
expense of tho Qovernmcnt ; those o. tho second class are made in part at tho expense of
Oovernmont and in pare at tho expense of the municipalities, the latter furnishing less than
the Gorernment ; thone of the tliird class are constr it'id upon the samo fcystcm, but the
municipalities must furnish a sum at least equal to the Government grant.

There was expended during the first eighteen montlis on colonir.atiou roads, a sum of
nearly sixty-seven thousand dollars, and there was voted for tho ensuing fcighteen months
$187,000 for fir.'t clase roads, $45,000 for those of the second class, and $30,000 for those
of the third class.

In the same session waa passed another act to encourage colonization, which exempts
all public lands, conceded to a bonO. fide settler, from seizure for debts contracted previous
to the grant or concession ; and which during the ten years following tho issue of patents,
and during the whole period, not to exceed five years from tho time of tho occupation of
the lot to the issue of patents, exempts from seizure tho following chattels :

1. Tho beds, bedding, and bedsteads in ordinary use by the debtor and his familly ;

2 The necessary and ordinary wearing apparel of the debtor and hie Iftmily ;

'S ^ '2 ae stove and pipes, one crano and its appendages, and one pair of andirons, ono set
of cc'king utensils, one pair of tongs and shovel, one table, six chairs, six knives, six forks,
six plates, six tea-cups, six saucers, one sugar bagm, one milk jug, one tea-pot, six spoons,
all spinning-whctils and weaving-looms in domestic use, and ten ^volumes of books, ono axe,
one saw, one gun, six traps and such fishing nots and seines as are iu common use.

4. All necessary fuel, meat, fish, flour and vegetables, provided for mily use, not
more than sufiicient for tho t rdinary consumption of the debtor and his family for thi-eo
months.

6. Two \orsea or two draft oxen, four cows, six sheep, four pigs, eight hundred bundles
of hay, other forage necessary for tho support of these animals duriug the winter, and pro-
vendor sufficient to fatten one pig, and to maintain three during the winter.

Last Session the Legislature passed an Act respecting the sale of public lands, pro
viding for tho establishment of agencies and the concent: dtion of tho agencies for tho sale of
lands, the cutting of timber, colonization and immigration, and affording better remuneration
to persons chained therewith and bringing about simultaneous action for these important
objects, necessarily connected together.

The organization of tlic assistance to be aflbrdcd to immigrants at their place of dosti-
nation, can only be completed on the appointment of the now agents under this Act,

The agencies of tho federal Oovemiucnt at Quebec and Montreal having been con-
tinued, the provincial Government do not intend, for tho present at least, to appoint agents
of ite own at these points.

Ab a large number of immigrants are taking the direction of the Ottawa, and a certain
proportion of them settle on the lands of the province of Quebec, tho local government has
opened a credit in favor of tho federal agent at Ottawa, to ass'*st in forwarding to the lands
of the province of Quebec such immigrants an desire to locate thereon.

The price of lands in tho province of Quebec, variej^ from 30 to 60 cents per acre, those
of the eastern portion of thr> prrvin.'o being generally 30 cents. Preo grants are given on
the Tach6 and Metap. diac aad ochor grial colof.ization roads. Detailed information as to
the quantity of disposable lanJs in the various parts of the province and tho prices thereof,
are to be found in a table prepared by the Crown Lands Ck)mniis3ioner and attached to the
report of last session of the House of Commons Committee on Immigration and Colonization.

/ r^

The report of the Crowu Lands Commissioner just published also contains similar informa-
tion.

Last Session the Legislature passed an Act for the encouragement ox' Colonization
liailways, granting on certain conditions, an annual subsidy to seven different companies
incorporated for that purpose ; and also an Act for the encouragement and formation of
Colonization Societies.

These Societies may also act as Immigration Societies. Their objects are defined as
follows :

"1. To aid in promoting the establishment of settlers on Crown lands, to attract emi-
giunts from other countries and to restore to this Province such of its inhabitants as have
emigrated ;

2. To open, with the leave of the Government, and to aid the Government and Muni-
cipalities in opening roads through wild lands of the Crown, or leadiag thereto ;

3. To direct settlers on emigrants towards tho localities which the Commissioner of
Crown Lands shall, as hereinafter provided, have assigned to and reserved for them ;

4. To provide settlers with seed grain, provisions and implements suitable for the clear-
ing and cultivation of land ;

5. To aid the department of Agriculture and the department of Crown Lands to
diffuse knowledge and information of a nature to extend colonization ;

6. To promote colonization and assist settlers, by all means and proceedings which they
shall deem desirable to adopt, in conformity with regulations to be approved by the Lieut,-
Govcrnor in Council.

The Government grants assistance to the societies, by according to them a grant equal
to their subscriptions up to three hundred dollars, and equal to one half the subscriptions
over that amount, up to a further sum of three hundred dollars. As many as three societies
may be formed, in each electoral division, but the total amount to be expended by tho Gov-
ernment for these societies in each county is not to exceed six hundred dollars.

These societies have, moreover, the right of acquiring property, by bequest or otherwise
and of receiving contributions from municipanties and from corporations of all descriptions ;
they are themselves incorporated for this purpose.

The department of Agriculture and Colonization watches over the organization and
working of these societies ; and there is every ground for hope, that a certain number of
them will take an active part ia promoting immigration.

Over and above the grants to these societies, townships, or pares of townships, will' be
reserved for the establishment of settlers, whom they may send thither; and such settlers
will have the prefcrcnc cover all others, whether immigrants or natives of the country, upon the
ordinary conditions of the sale and concession of Crown Lands, and to each society a fren
g mt will be made of one lot for every ten lots upon which its settlors shall have established
themselves.

Other societies for Colonization and Immigration, in addition to the three allowed for
each electoral division, may be formed, and they arc vested with all the powers of the other
fiooietics, but they receive no grant from tho Government.

To promote Colonization and Iniiiiigration, the Depaitmentof Agriculture and Coloniza-
tion is at present causing to be prepared two pamphlets, one of which will be entitled, " The
.Settler's Guide", and will be intended for native settlers, and distributed in all parts of tho
i 'rovincc ; the other will be distributed in foreign countries ; both will bo accompanied with
maps.

The Government has under consideration the establiHliment of agencies in the British
IsU'S and on the continent of I'lirope, but has not as yet decided whether it will or will not
rest satisticd with availing itself ol' the services of tho agents already appointed by the
Fisdt^ral (Jovcrnmcnt.

'J'Ik! Government has obtained IVoni the Legislature, a vote of twelve thousand dollars
Cor purposes connected with Immigration, for the oightecn months to which tho budget of the
last Session extends.

In addition to the ordinary grants for the exploration of Crown Jjands and for surveys,
llio liCiiislature at its last Session voted a sum of forty-five thousand dnlhirs for explorations,
iiavinij; i'or their object the ascertaining and cau;>ing to In; pcrfocll^y knovviJ, all the resources
i)t' the uiuuUivated territory of the Province.

The Department of Crown Lands is now engaged in organizing a topographical and
geol()<i;ical exploration cf a part of the va«t territory wh'ch extends beyond the Laurentine chain,
to the north of the St. liawrencc, and which is dfaincd by the Ottawa, the St. Maurice and
the Saguonay. ^

Last year, that Department also caused to be surveyed several townships on the pro-
posed lino of the Tntercolnninl Railway, in order to promote Colonization in those parts.

Jjastly, in virtue of a law passed in the first Session of the Legislature, a topographical
map, indicating the new settlements and the Colonization Roads is being prepared and will
soon bo completed

Snch is the summary of the measures conduciv'i to Colonization and to Immigration
wiiicli have been adopted by the Province of Quebec, to which may be added those which
may be suggested and considered at the sittings of the Interprovincial Commission, upon
which are represented the Federal and Local Governments, and which was instituted after
the conference requested by the undersigned on behalf of the Government of Quebec.

(Signed,) P. J. 0. CHAUVEAU,

Secretary of the Province of Quebec.
Ottawa, 11th June, 1869.

From the Honorable John A. Beckwithy Provincial Secretary, New Bruns-
iolck.

Provincial Secretary's Oefice,

Predericton, N.B., June 2, 1869.

Sir, — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, of the 20th May,
last, inquiring, on behalf of the committee ou Immigration and Colonization, of the House
of Commons, it the Government of New Brunswick has adopted any policy for the promo-
tion of Settlement and Colonization, within its limits, under the agreement entered into, at
Ottawa, on the 3()th October last, between delegates from the GoTernment of Canada and
the J*rovincial Governments of Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick.

In answer to your inquiry, I desire to make the following remarks,

'J'hore is no organised department of Agriculture in the Province of New Brunswick ;
all action which has been taken, from time to time to encourage Immigration, has been carried
out by Immigration agents stationed at the principal seaports o'" the Province, and most
especially at St. John, under instructions from the Lieut.-Governor in Council.

New Brunswick has not, as yet, established any agency in Europe, but the attention of
the (government has been, more especially, directed to the object of retaining the young men
of the Province at home, in preference to endeavouring to induce a large influx of Immi-
grants, for whose reception, the present year, adequate arrangements have not been made,
owing principally to the late period at which the sitting of our Legislature was brought to a
close ; this object has not, however, been lost sight of, and steps are being taken that will
enable us to provide settlement land, and labor, to such Immigrants as may seek our shores
in future years, and wo will, in consequence feel ourselves justified in inviting them over.

Tracts of excellent farming land have beeu surveyed in various sections of the Province
and roads have been commenced to connect them with our older settlements ; those surveys
and road lines are being extended the present year, and the lands are available for intending
settlers at nominal prices, viz : —

One shilling per acre in money, or thirty cents per acre in labor on the neighbouring
roads, three years being allowed as the period in which to perform such labor. This privi-
lege is open to the present iuhabitants of the Province, not owning any land, as well as to
Immigrants, and has already had the efiect of inducing numbers of young men to remain
with us, who would under the regulations of past years, have emigrated to the Far West.

Public notice has been given throughout the Province, that parties requiring skilled or
unskilled labor and parties having land for sale or to lease, are invited to make it known to
the nearest Immigration agent, giving all necessary particuLrs as to prices that will be given
lor labor, tlic nature of the labor wanted, the prices, quality and locality of lands, &c., &c.

i'ho luunigratiou agents are instruci«d to record all the information furnished them,
impart it to all Immigrants and others who may be desirous of obtaining it, seek out all new

arrivals and forward free of expense, when necessary, intending settlers and laborers to the
localities where their services are required.

We do not encourage destitute new comers to locate tbemselves on wilderness lands, but
rather to leck labor for a year or two, until they become accustomed to the country and
acquire some means to help thorn over the first jear, but Immigrants of very moderate means
and possessing stout hearts and willing hands, succeed well on new laud, when they locate
themselves in small communities of ten or more families.

I am, Sir,

Your obedient servant,

George Jackson, Esq , JOHN A. BECKWITH.

Chairman of Immigration and (yolonizatiou
Committee, &c., Ottawa.

DOMINION AGENCIES, *tc.

In order to present a complete, and intelligible, view of the character of the Agencies
employed separately as well as conjointly, by the Provinces and the Dominion, on the subject
of Immigration a series of questions were submitted to Dr. Tach6, the Deputy Minister of
Agriculture which, with his answers, are &h follows: —

Mr, Taches Answers to Questions on Immigration.

1st Question. Does the Dominion (xovernment conduct its Immigration policy through
the Department of Agriculture, of which you are the Deputy head ? — Answer. The Domin-
ion Government Immigration policy is conducted through the Department of Agriculture, of
which I am the Deputy head.

2ncl Question. What haf been done by the Department since, and in consequence of the
agreement entered into bet\feen the Delegates from Now Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, at
Ottawa, on the 30th October last? — Answer. Since, and in consecjuence of the agreement
entered into between Delegates from the Dominion and Local Governments, the following
actions have been taken by the Department of Agriculture.

The agency in England has been transferred from Wolverhampton to London.

A local agent has been appointed at Miramichi, in the Province of New Brunswick.

A travelling agent has been appointed for the Continent of Europe.

Instructions have been issued to all the Immigration agents to make themselves acquainted
with the duties devolving upon them by distributing in the manner prescribed all documents,
maps and other information furnished by the different Local Governments, and of disposing
in the manner desired of any sum which might be intrusted to them by the said Local Gov-
ernments for the purposes of fostering and aiding immigration to their respective Provinces.

'ird Question. — To what extent, and in what manner, are immigrants aided or assisted
by the said Department, on their arrival at any of the ports of the Dominion 'i—-Anstoer.
During the last and the preccnt seasons inland passage has been paid in favor of destitute
English immigrants forwarded to Canada by charitable awsociations. In addition to what
has been done in this way by the Department, further help and transport has been defrayed
by the Local Governments of Ontario and tiuebcc ; the hystoni having been carried on in the
following manner : On the arrival of that class of immigrants at Quebec, they are forwarded
to one of the five inland agencies pointed out by them as being the one of their choice, wheie
they receive from the Canada agent, at the expense of the Local Government, such succour
as they may be in need of, and free transport to the place of their final destination, where
they are to obtain employment at once.

The accounts of the cost of inland transport, since the opening of the navigation, are
not yet rendered, but they already amount to several thousand dollars.

Besides that, all immigrants arriving in the country by the St. Lawrence, Halifax, St.
John, Miramichi, or direct to any ither of tlio .•iJ^t'n(^ii!.M, nre met by tlie .agents, who are to
afford to them counsel, informatrn ttud protection, and in eases of actual distress or of sick-
ness such help as circumstances may require, hi Grossc Isle, Quebec, Halifax and St. John,

ri'" ' I. ' •* ■ "" ' • ■ ———

tLe Immigration is furthermore subject to medical visitation and ministration, and to Quar-
antine regulations when diseases arc found among the passengers of any Immigrant ship.

4th Question. — Can you give a comparative statement, extending over the last three
years, of the number of Immigrants arriving in Canada, their destination, the aggregate ex-
penditure on account of the service, specifying the gross expenditure at each of the agencies,
together with the proceeds of the Immigration tax ? — Aimoer. The number of Immigrants
for the last three years are recorded as follows :

1866. 1867. 1868.

Fm the River St. Lawrence 28,648 30,757 34,300

Via the Suspension Bridge and other inland ports

of Ontario and Quebec 23,147 26.631 36,511

Fm Halifax SI 3H(>

Fia St. John, N. B 401) 271

Totals 51,795 57,878 71,448

The destination of all these Immigrants may bo first given in two largo categories, that
is: 1st. Of those who have gone to the aoighbouring rc-nblic, amounting, as far as can
be ascertained, an follows :

In 1866, to United States 41,704

In 1867, do do 47,212

In 1868, do do f>8,68o

2nd category. Those who have settled within the territory of Canada.

In 1866, in Canada l^.O^l

In 1867, do I0,66b

In 1868, do 12,/65

The aggregate expenditure on account of Immigration, comprises the expenses of the
different agencies and the expenses of the three (Quarantines maintained at Grosse Isle,
Halifax and St. John, including the Medical Inspection carried on at the Port of Quebec;
to which may be added the undivided share of the cost of maintaiiiance ol'tlio Quebec Marme
and Immigrant's Hospital. The last mentioned institution, in times of an unhealthy Immi-
gration, may be and has been occasionally the recipient of a large number of immigrants ;
in ordinary seasons the number of immigrants received as patients may be computed at an
average of one hundred ; the remainder of the patients arc sailors, residents and people tem-
porarily present in Quebec on account of the lumber trade.

The gross amount of the expenditure on account of Agencies and Quarantines has been,
for the fiscal year of 1866 -67, $52,798.74, for the fiscal year 1867-68, $60,181.58, and the
same expenditure for the now current and very soon expiring fiscal year 1868-69, may^be
set down at a round sum cf $37,000. In the "expenditure of the year 1866-67, the Pro-
vinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick arc not included.

The gi-oss expenditure at each of the different Agencies for the first fiscal year of the
existence of the Confederation, that is for 1867-68, was as follows, including help to and
transport of Immigrants.

Quebec Head Office, including Inland transport $18,803.24

Agency in England oclJia

Montreal Agency _i,oDi;iu

Ottawa Agency JSS

Toronto Agency i idSOS

Kingston Agency I'qtnqi

Hamilton Agency 'oq7 7<\

Sherbrooke, temporary Agency ooi'L^

St. John, N. B. Agency 861.52

Halifax Agency ___Z

Total $35,727.58

The expenses of Port Inspection and of Quarantine have been as follows for the [same

fiscal year, 18G7-68 : * o mn /.«

Medical Inspection of Port of Quebec : » 3,199.b9

Quarantine rt Grosse Isle ^1'?ot"?5

do at Halifax 2,085.40

do at St. John, N. B _}f'^^

Total -. $24,454.00

These expenses have been reduced for the current year 1868-69, in the proportion of
the above detailed total gross expenditure of $60,181.58, to whrt may be put down at a round
sum of $37,000; which expenditure will be, according to all probabihticr,, almost equally
divided between the two heads of expenditure, namely : Ist. Agencies including help to and
transport of Immigrants ; 2nd. Quarantines and Medical Inspection.

The proceeds of the Immigrant Tax i^re set down as follows, for tiie three last expired
fiscal years, namely :

1865-66 to $32,408.00

1866-67 " 22,621.00

1867-68 " 31,064.04

It is to be remarked that the apparent discrepencies between the relative figures
indicatin"' the number of immigrants and the head money derived from Immigration, are
owino' to'two reasons. 1st. From the fact that young infants counted m the number of
immigrants are exempt from the capitation tax ; 2nd. That the season of navigation being
divided into two periods by the computation of the fiscal year, the figures relating to the
calendar year cannot agree with the figures relating to the fiscal year, a circumstance never
to be lost sight of when dealing with such statistical information. ^ „ _. , ,,„„

J. C. lACHiii.

Ottawa, 8th June, 1869.

NOllTH WEST TERRITORY.

The prospect of the immediate acquisition by Canada of control over the extensive
domain known as the North West Territory, gives to the subject of Immigration and Coloni-
zation an importance without precedent in the history of British America

Your Committee are under obligations to Mr. Dawson for the information so opportunely
given by him touching that territory and the mode of access to it— in reply to questions sub-
mitted to him, as follows:—

SIMON JAMES DAWSON, CIVIL ENGINEER, EXAMINED.

1st Ouestion. Referring to the evidence given by you before a Committee of the
Legislature in 1859, have you, since that time, had any opportunities of increasing your
information in reference to the best mode of access through British territory to the Red
River Settlement?— AitJWpr. Explorations were carried on for a considerable period subse-
ouent to that time under my direction ; and through the summer of 1 868, further examinations
were made of the eastern sections of the route as detailed in my report. ,,.,,.

2)irf Question. When the preliminary scheme of opening the communication detailed in
vour renort is carried out, what will be the facilities for reaching the Red River Settlement?
L-Answer Under ordinary circumstances, when the communication is opened and when
steamers are plaxjed on the navigable sections and stages on the land roads, the Red River
Settlement may be reached in two days and a half or three days from Lake Superior.

'\rd Ouestion IIow would it then compwe with the route through Minnesota ?—
A^,.»^r Tt would* be crcatly better and cheaper. The railroads of Minnesota have only yet
^eXTst Cbudwbichl five hundred miles by tie road from the Red River Sette-
ment but even if the Railroads were carried to Pembina on the boundary line, the route by
Lake SuDcrior would still be the best as regards immigrants.

uaKc *e"P™ ^" T_ ^^^t y^sppct?— .4n-'«!c?-. It would be greatly cheaper as there would
be so mucrol the'dUtance by Vater* and it would be over five hundred miles shorter as shown
on this map, on which the relative distance is set down.

■r

I •\

bth Question . What is the population of the Red River Settlement? — Ani,wer.V¥rora
what I can learn, about fifteen thousand, but this does not represent a large floating
population who make Red River their head-quarters.

^Jth Question. What are the educational facilities, and are the religious wants of the
community well provided for ? — Answer. I am aware of no settlement with so small a popula-
tion so well provided for in these respects. There are schools and colleges where the youth
of the country may accjuire an education not inferior to what may be obtained in any
country. There are Seminaries for females where young ladies may learn all the usual ac-
complishments that can be acquired in any civilised settlement ; and as to religious wants,
there are clergymen of various denominations in full proportion to the population.

Ith Question. What convenience would there be for the reception of immigi ants on their
arrival at Fort Pai-ry and how could they get located or employed — or what means of sus-
tenance could they procure in the interim ? — Answer. In the first place the settlement has
always had (with the exception of a year of calamity like the last, when a plague of grass-
hoppers destroyed the crops ) a superabundance of food for sale at low rates, and only did not
raise more because of the want of a market. In the event of improvement going on there
would always be considerable employment lor those newly arrived, who would, or should
generally drop out of the labor market before another year, to cultivate their own farms, the
facility I'or doing so, being so very great in a prairie country at once fitted for the plough, us
compaied with a wooded country, where a lifetime has to be spent in getting rid of the timber
and the stumps. Vov the permanent location of settlers, steps should be immediately under-
taken by the Government for the survey of townships, first in every available position where
the nucleus of settlement already exists, and extending from these centres as rapidly as possible.
Of course a proper survey of the lands already occupied should be the first thing undertaken
no as to determine the extent and set proper boundaries to existing properties, to be conformed
by sufficient titles, under patents from the Crown. Based upon these, the surveys could pro-
ceed and in the meantime such settlers as may reach the country in one way or another, can
squat to suit themselves and their possession will of course be respected and the pre-emptive
right to purchase given to them, as has always been the case in Canada, when the country
comes to be surveyed. When the route by Lake Superior is opened, and lacile comumnication
with the country is established, all the machinery your emigration committee, and all other
influences combined can induce the Government of the Dominion, or private or provincial
associations to put in motion, cannot crowd into it a greater tide of population than it will
be ready to absorb, even if the bulk of the vast mass of European emigration annually seek-
ing the shores of America should bo directed to it. For the first few years the influx of
settlers need only be limited by the capacity of the number that may have preceded them to
produce food enough for those to arrive in the following year. After that the produce of the
country will sustain any number of immigrants that can come.

8^/t Qtiestion. What class of immigrants would it be most desirable to bring into the
Red River country ? — Answer. The great mass should of course consist of farm labourers,
but with as hu-ge a proportion as possible of the better class of farmers capable of conducting
agricultural operations in conformity with all the modern improvemcnis ; the country being
so readily fitted for scientific farming, the more of that class that can be introduced at an
early period the better, as the system of cultivation thus inaugurated will give a tone to the
operations of the more ignorant and lead to the speedy developement of a higher character
of agriculture. The ordinary proportion of mechanics and trades people should follow as a
necessary consequence of exclusive settlement.

9'/t Question. In an extensive alluvial plain like these prairie countries, will not large
quantities of lumber Ik; required for buildings and fences, and how can it be procired ? —
Ansuofv. From the height of land west of Lake Superior, the watershed drained by the
river Winnipeg and its tributaries — and through which the route to Red River has to be
opened — presents a vast area of country, in many respects similar to the valley of the Ottawa
and abounding in Pine timber and waterfalls suitable for saw mills ; and this will no doubt
at an early day become the seat of an extensive lumber trade destined for the supply of the
prairie country to the west of it. For the immediate wants of the settlers there is an abun-
dant supply of timber in most parts of the country along the banks of the rivers and streams,
and whicli, though of an inferior character for the purpose, will suit very well for all the
wants of the early settlors, both as regards building and fencing, and as the country progresses
they will obtain a supply from the pine region, as Chicago and the prairies west of it now do

from Northern Michigan, The moro westerly regions will in like manner obtain a supply from
tlie country along the base and in the valleys of ihe Kocky Mountains, which abound m timber

of good nuality. _ .„ „ . , • • ^ o

10/A Question. What facilities are there for grist mills, <Jcc., m the prairie country {—
Ansiucr. This is a difficulty shared in common with all other prairie countries or great allu-
vial plains, the waterfalls suitable for the jiurpose being of rare occurrence, and over consid-
erable tracts entirely wanting. Instead of the numerous small mills therefore which supply
the wants of a more broken country in this respect, larger milling establishments will spring
up either where there are great water powers or by steam, while windmills though lees
reliable will in the meantime sufficiently supply the local wants of the country in parts desti-
tute of water power. . „ , . i • ,i i •.. r i o

Uth Question. Will the sctaers find much difficulty in supplying themselves with fuel I
—Answer. Settlement will chiefly proceed in the first place near the banks of rivers, where
there arc generally, at intervals, considerable belts of wood, as there are also, in various parts
of the country, and of course settlers will choose their locations with a view to these facilities.
Then there is abundance of coal in the country, iu some places so near the surface as to be
obtained at little cost, and being on the banks of navigable rivers it will be cheaply trans-
ported to all parts where navigation reaches. The great coal fields as yet known are lound in
the western part of the " fertile belt" towards the llocky Mountains, along the eastern base
of which, indeed, they extend across the Arthabaska and Peace rivers and even further north,
but coal has also been found on the tributaries of Red llivcr, though as yet to a small extent,
but its mere existence being as yet proved it is of course impossible to say to what extent
future devulopen.cnt may shew its abundance or the reverse. It is, luiwever, on coal that
the country will mainly depend permanently for its ultimate supply of fuel, and there is no
need to apprehend shortcoming in that particular, as the great coal field existing towards the
Kocky Mountains is said to be the largest in the world.

I2(h Question. What would be the prospect for largo grazing farms m the prairio
region ; and what would be the effect of the winter upon stock?— Answer. The v!.st herds of
Buff^ilo that swarm on the plains would seem to indicate the capabilities of the country for
stock raising in a high degree. There is manifestly a great advantage over any part of the
Provinces of Ontario and Qncbcc, iu the fact that in some parts of the country domestic
cattle can be left out to forage for themselves, like the IJuffalo, all winter. To a certain
extent the Buffalo migrate in winter; but it is further north, not further south, they go,
wh»n-e there is more of woodland interspersed with the prairies, which affords shelter, and
where probably the greater proximity to the P.-icitic, and greater depression of the intervening
mountain chain, still further ameliorate the winter and cause more frequent thaws. Horses
arc fre(iucntly left out all winter at Red River, and find for theaiselvea food enough to keep
them in good condition, and cattle only require to bo occasionally fed with hay ; but further
to the west (though further to the north also), all kinds of cattle may be left out, not only
without detriment, but they are actually tound in excellent condition iu the spring.

ISth Question. What are the mineral resources of the country other than coal, already
referred to ?—A?iswer. Its mineral resources are as yet but very imperfectly known. In the
part I have myself explored, near Rainy Lake and other plaecs, there are good indications of
"Old and silver, and the former is now being worked in that vicinity in the United States.
The vicinity of tho Lake of the Woods, the Winnipeg River, and generally the east side of
Lake Winnipeg, abound in indications of mineral wealth, ineludi.ig iron, load, plumbago, &c.
The great chain of the Rocky Mountains, forming a prolongation of tho Cordilleras of the
south, and which seems to bo tho greatest auriferous and argentiferous belt in the world,
continues its richness throughout the Central States and territories of the Union, and Mon-
tana abounding us to the south along the 49th parallel, a yet undeveloped territory except as
regards the gold and silver a few miners and " prospectors " have been working ot la-te years;,
seems even to surpass in richness any of the previously discovered mining regions; and
although its mines were only discovered a very few years ago, it is already yielding about
<^1 2 000,000, (twelve million dollars) annually. Tho miners and explorers of that region
have penetrated to the north of the boundary, ami they declare that our tcrntory on both
the eastern and western slopes of the mountains is equally rich. If this be so, and there
seems no reason to doubt it, tho mining interest will soou become a very large one after .aece-.
to the country has been opened up; aud the faoo that the very portal to the country, at

•1

r ■>

Thunder Bay, oa Lake Superior, has silver minea of most eltraordinary surface promise*
which are now being developed will, if successful, which there seems every reason to hope,
give a great impetus to enterprises of that kind. In the North West there arc also large
iiuantities of petroleum and salt, which exists also near Lake Winnepegoos, is there found
almost in a state of purity.

14^/t Questio7i. Having spent some time in the country at all different seasons ot tLo
year, you can perhaps give the Committee your views on the clin.a,te, comparing your personal
observations with general report 'i— Answer. During the time I spent at Fort Garry the
months of October and November presented the finest fall weather, Indian summer like, I
had ever seen. There wore some severe frosts during the winter, as may be seen Ity the
register kept by me and given in my report of 1859, but the average was not colder th.in
hc?e, and the snow never exceeded 18 inches, and averaged loss than a foot in depth. (Jn
the 0th of Aprd ploughing commenced. Vegetation progressed very rapidly soon after, and
by the middle of May we were fairly into summer. My impression at the time was that we
'had upon the whole about the same climate as Kingston, Ontario, perhaps o little colder in
winter, but with finer weather in the spring and Jail— which is, of course, highly favorable
to agricultural pursuits. Further to the West the climate becomes still milder. The clim-
atology of the country and the influences bearing thereon, and a comparison between different
par ts of it and their counterparts in Europe, seems to me to be very fairly put in the follow-
ing extract from the examination of Mr. Wm. McD. Dawson belbre a Committee of Parliament
in Toronto in 18t)7. After shewing the effect of «n approach to the Pacific across this
continent from the Eaat as being of the same general character as an approach to the Atlantic
from the East across Asia and Europe, in it« ameliorating influence upon climate, which is
not therefore solely governed b> latitude, he proceeds to say— other conditions being equal-
that as "The 49th parallel of North Latitude (which is the southern boundary of our
" Western territories), passes nearly a degree south of the southernmost point of England,
" through the Environs of Paris, through the Southern Provinces of Germany, and less than
"a degree noith of Vienna, there is therefore no reason, as regards climate, why the lower
« course of the Frascr river, or the upper course of the Columbia, in British territory and in
<' the same latitudes, should not rival the banks of the Rhine, the Mouse o.- the Moselle.
" There is no such reason why the valleys of the Nujiga, the Elk, the Saskatchewan, the lied
" River and the Assiniboine, should not yield their golden harvests as rich as tlionc of the
" Wcser, the Elbe, the Oder or the Vistula.

" The geographical difficulties between these localities, in relation to those icfluonces by
" which climate is affected, arc indeed such that it would require some very strong facts, sus-
<' tain'3d by a concurrence of all the most credible testimony to prove that the above com-
•' parison is too favorable to the places I have named on this continent. The facts established,
" however, by all disinterested authorities, prove the reverse."

Ibth Question. Do you think that the Indian population will become troublesome ?—
Answer. Not if they are properly handled, and liquor excluded from the regions where they
predominate. The Indian wars in the United States have, I believe, been chiefly due to the
Indian (white) agents of the Government. The Indie js with us have heretofore been
accustomed to live on terms of amity with the Whites, and it will be our own fault if that
friendly relation is disturbed. Even in an economic point of view, the conduct of the United
States towards the Indians has been a mistake, for, it would cost less to maintain them
absolutely than it costs to kill them oft". There is no powerful tribe of Indians in any of the
parts of the territory where settlement is likely to progress rapidly for some time to coino,
and the Indians of the I^ake of the Woods only require to be well managed to be firm allies.
16th Question. Will the means of communication suggested bo suflSicient to bring out
surplus agricultural and mineral products (other than gold) with which to purchase supplies
needed by settlers, at prices which will leave a reasonable profit on production 'f— Answer.
The rates at which heavy goods can be transported, will be apparent on reference to my
report lately printed. The first opening of the route would not admit of litrge quantities of
heavy, bulky freight, such as agricultural or mineral products generally being transjtorted
profitably, but it will be observed that the improvement of the route is intended to be pro-
gressive, till in its finished state,with 4i» miles of rail at the eastern end, 90 miles at the
Western and continuous navigation between these points, agricultural and mineral products
could bo transported to their point of contact, with the navigation oi'tho Great Lakes, cheaper
than from any point on tho same meridian to the south of the boundary. Ou the first open-

' I - I !■ n n I ■■ I ■ ■—

ing of the route, it is proaumea, that the influx.of new settlers ;^i» «jffo;d a market for the
surplus produce' of the settlement, and by the time this «^^««>« ^« ^'^f^^^'^,^^ ';^Zi overTt.
raunication should be so far complete as to admit of heavy and bulky ^^ fj* P^f^"? ^.^'^^^
Zmite first initiation, however; there will be an outward trade of great va ue, in furs ^n

'peul^rpaBsin. over 'it,, while the -i-^Vtllf hKrufdlott^
probably afford an extensive market. Homed cattle and horses ^/'"'^,;'7 '''.., v,
numbers and transported at a profit; and large quantities of wood could be p.ofaitably pro
rSd Jran^^^^^^^^^^ over the route even in Us preliminary sUn^e of developement.

KEMARKS.

Tn the absence of precise inforn»ation, wioh reference to the topography of the country
interven ng bt^enFoft William a^the li^ad of Lake Superior and the Lake of the Woods

•""Tit *"„t"if r Sltt^e^*.^. .n™d *at it c^ V. k^pt i. c,^.t.. ■
MependooUy of uaviRation, and to pro,e that .t '• d-^''* «\f "?? '"''jrCseU ia is
WcsiAould'fom a link in U.ee«.ting railway »,.tcm °''''" ""TPTifeJ; "Sw route

land between Lake Superior, and the Red Riv«r Settlement east tor «evera imn

doubt U^cttaS the practicability of -noh a route should be sot at rest by an .mmcdiato

Territory yon^cZmi tee cannot doubt that it is the intention "' ^1° ^ZlTil^a
Bo S, toeansc an immediate survey of such lands, as «dl probab^r be in t'^J f "^""^j
fnd of such other portions as the tendency to settlement mdicatcs, so a. to antteipate

""''as SC'ent' i." of much greater nation^ importance than the -;-gui»ition oHcrrU

ri-pa-^S'oTti"^ ^^^=^^^i^SBi^ "
"*"=t°i"Sn:tr derte-:: it ttSSt'stSyt :srtrra;e .egiu.

n,ate,^:"lthtThr rot^^ras.the act^si^^^^^^

^"uS^rtrtzXvSToi^rs:;^^^^^^^^
s-ti^Tarret!^^^^^^^^^^^

may be taken out of the way.

All which is respectfully submitted. ^^^^^^^^ JACKSON,

Chairman.
Committee Room,

House ov Commons,

Canada, HJth June, 1869.