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\ 
 
 //^ 
 
 Hisi 
 
 TO 
 
 W 
 
yj^d, 
 
 7- 
 
 THE WHITE CITY. 
 
 THK 
 
 Historical, Biographical and Philaiithropical Record 
 
 OI' 
 
 ILLINOIS, 
 
 r.v 
 
 JOHN MOSES Axi) PAUL SELBY. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDKI) A SKETCH OF THIC DISTRICT OF 
 
 COLUMBIA, THK PRESIDHXTS OF THE UNITED 
 
 STATES, AND ILLINOIS 
 
 AT THK 
 
 WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 
 
 CIvASSIFIEO AND ILLUSTRATED. 
 
 CHICAGO : 
 
 Chicago World Book Company, 
 1893. 
 
F 5 4 ( 
 
 155939 
 
 V 
 
 ^-■-'«ce of U. I.,,,,Ha,, of Co„p.ess, at U-;,s,.i„,..„, ,, C. 
 ■^'■'- Kii'.HTs ki:si:kvi:i). 
 
 THE HENRY 0. SHEPARO CO., PRINTERS AnTboOK si 
 
 NOERS, CHICAGO. 
 
John Mosf.s. 
 
Paul Selbv 
 
ii«a h^n II I 
 
 lOk MORI'; THAN FORTY YEARS 
 
 CONSPICUOUSLY IDKXTIFIHD WITH THF: ACIRICI^LTURAL, MK- 
 
 CHANICAL AND CO.MMl-RCIAL INTHRKSTS OF THE 
 
 STATE OF ILLINOIS; 
 
 SI'.CRETARY AND VICE-I'RFSIDENT OF THE STATE BOARD OF 
 
 AC.Ricri/ruRE; 
 
 COMMISSIONER FOR ILLINOIS AND THE EXITED vSTATES TO 
 
 tiif; I'RENcri enivi'.rsal f'.xi-osition of 1S67; 
 
 ILLINOIS COMMISSIONER TO TIIF", CEXTEXXIAL EXPOSITION AT 
 
 PHILADELPHIA IX 1876; 
 SECRETARY AXD LEADIXO SPIRIT OF Till': CHICAGO INTER- 
 
 STATf: I'.X POSITION, AND 
 
 director-in-chif;f oi* thi', Illinois exhip.it ix the world's 
 
 colempjax expositiox of 1s93 — tested ix maxy hon- 
 
 orap.le positions axd rouxd waxtixg ix none — 
 
 this yoluml', is respectfully dedicated by 
 
 THE AUTHORS. 
 
i 
 
 
 — 
 
 ''■■■ . ■^'' 
 
 AL, 
 
 MK- 
 
 -IE 
 
 
 ARD 
 
 OF 
 
 TES 
 
 TO 
 
 'ION 
 
 AT 
 
 INTKR- 
 
 i'orld's 
 
 HON- 
 
 DRS. 
 
 
 John Parker Reynolds. 
 
'Acrostic 
 
 T () hitn who scuns this 'I'illc I*;ii;v willi care 
 
 II ()\v j^rcat reward, since he ah)ne can sliare 
 
 K ach thoiii^ht the artist's brain conceived, wliose pen 
 
 C onveved tlie picture to the i^aze of nie'i. 
 
 II ere, the "White City;'' and 'tis well to see 
 
 I n twelve "Trunk Lines" what strong supports there Ix, 
 
 C olnnins of "Seals" of every State appear; 
 
 A ttached arc names, now noted far and near ; 
 
 Ci rand Aich these Columns crowns, in blocks of stone - 
 
 O n each a name familiar as your own — 
 
 W hile Brackets give support. Study them well, 
 
 O r, on their symbols let your eye now dwell. 
 
 R cwarded you will be to then pursue 
 
 L ines practical, artistic — (t// in view; 
 
 D ownward 3'our glance should fall to left and right, 
 
 B eholding Man's and Nature's skill and might. 
 
 O pen the gateway to the great " World's Fair," 
 
 O ur own Columbia welcoming you there; 
 
 K indred, indeed, though other lands, to-day, 
 
 C laim an allegiance that you gladly pay. 
 
 O f all the means by which you may attain 
 
 M ore than a passing view, — true knowledge gain, 
 
 P ermit the "Gate Ajar" to bring to you 
 
 A world of vonders, as you glance it through, 
 
 N ow, onr White City ever swings this way ; 
 
 Y ou may its pages read, and av// 3'ou, pray ? 
 
-■:}h 
 
 
-^i 
 
 Preface 6 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Importance of State History — "The Illinois CounLfy" — Origin of the Kanie — Topojf 
 raphj-, Soil , Climate and Natural Production^ 9 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 Discoveries of Joliet, Marquette and ^a Salle — Sad Fate of the ;<atter — Henry Di- 
 Tonty — The Indian Confederation; at "Starved Rock " 17 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Aboriginal Occupants of the Soil — Early Erench Missions on the Upper Illinois and at 
 Cahokia and Kaskaskia 27 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 First I'ermanent Settlements — The Croup of French Villages about Kaskaskia — New 
 France — Illinois Attached to Louisiana ;i5 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 British Occupation — English Governors — Col. George Rogers Clark's I^xpedition — Con- 
 quest of Illinois — British Attack ju St. Louis — Capture of Fort St. Joseph . . ;,9 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Illinois ."s Part of the North'"est and Indiana Territories — Ordinance of 17S7 — Governors 
 vSt. Clair and Harrison — Indian Treaties — Illinois Territory Organi/.e<l — luirly 
 Settlers — Governor Edwards— War of 1S12 — Fort Dearborn JIassacre — Early Illi- 
 nois Towns 46 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 Illinois Admitted into the Union — Administration of Governor Ik-ud — Removal of the 
 Capitol to Vandalia — Governor Cole.s — Emai.cipatiou of his Slaves — Attempt to 
 Introduce Slavery into Illinois — The Prominent Leaders 59 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 The Administrations of Governors Edwards, Reynolds, Duncan, Carlin, Ford and 
 French — Personal and Character Sketches — The Black Hawk, Monuon aiil 
 Mexican War.s — Internal Imjirovement Craze — The Lovejoy Murder — Appearanc 
 of New Men ir jtate Affairs 69 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 State Constitutional Convention of 1S47 — Features of ihe New Constitution — Governor 
 French's Second Term — Illinois Central Railroad — Matteson's Administration- 
 Organization of the Republican Party — Lincoln-Douglas Debate cS;, 
 
 • « 
 Xll 
 
CONTENTS — ILLINOIS. 
 
 xni 
 
 
 
 f'- 
 
 . . . . 6 ';; 
 
 me — Topoi^ 
 
 
 -Henrv Du 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 The Admir.tration of Governor BisseH- -Personal Sketch — Gov. John Wood — Campaign 
 of iS6o — Lincohi and Yates — The Rebellion — Illinois in t)'-e Great Struggle — Peace 
 Meetings in 1S63 — Camp Douglas Conspiracy — Can.paign of 1864 — Asyassination 
 of Lincoln — The Loj'al Women of Illinois — Oglesb-'s Administmtion .... 93 
 
 CHAPTB:R XI. 
 
 Under the Constitution of 1870 — From Palmer to Fifer — The Chicago Fire — Sketches of 
 Eminent Men — Palme/, Oglesby, Cullom, Logan, Fifer, etc — National Conven- 
 tions in Chicago — Political Revolution of 1892 — G jvernor Altgeld loj 
 
 CHAPTER XII. 
 
 Three-quarters of a Century Under the State Government — Common Schools and State 
 Institutions — Early Newspapers — Industries — Agriculture — Illinois Coal Produc- 
 tion — Illinois and Michigan Canal — Railroads — Manufactures, etc 125 
 
 CHAPTER XIIL 
 
 Tjist of Executive Officers Under the Territorial and State Governments 142 
 
 ILLINOIS INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Fort Sheridan — The Art Institute — The Armour Mission — The Aimour Institute — The 
 University of Chicago 147 
 
 RELIGION. 
 
 Dvvig . i<. bloody — Bishop J. L. Spalding 159 
 
 ILLINOIS SOCIETIES. 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic — Young Men's Christian Association — Woman's Christian 
 Temperance Union — Christian Endeavor — Epworth League 164 
 
 PART II. 
 
 DISTBICT OF COLUMBIA. 
 
 Preface , 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 Establishment of a Federal City 3 
 
 CHAPTER IL 
 The City of Washington 7 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 Erecting the Capitol lo 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 The New Capitol 12 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Attractions of the City — The Departments— The Smithsonian Institution— The Washing- 
 ton Monument— The City's Cemeteries— The Soldier's Home — The Corcoran Art 
 Gallery — Washington Suburbs — The National Cemetery 17 
 
 THE PRESIDENTS. 
 
 George Washington 27 
 
 John Adams ,q 
 
 Thomas Jefferson ri 
 
XIV 
 
 THK WHITE CITY — CONTENTS. 
 
 James Madison 
 
 James Monroe 
 
 John Quincy Adams 
 
 Andrew Jackson 
 
 Martin Van Buren 
 
 William Henry Harrison 
 
 John Tyler 
 
 James K. Polk 
 
 Zachary Taylor 
 
 Millard Hillmore 
 
 Franklin Pierce 
 
 James Buchanan 79 
 
 Abraham Lincoln . 82 
 
 Andrew Johnson S; 
 
 Ulysses S. Grant 91 
 
 Rutherford B. Hayes 95 
 
 James A. Garfield 9S 
 
 Chester A. Arthur loi 
 
 Grover Cleveland ' 104 
 
 Benjamin Harrison 107 
 
 societip:s. 
 
 Grand Army of the Republic — Woman's Relief Corps — vSons of Veterans — Daughters of 
 
 Veterans 1 10 
 
 Young Mei.'s Christian Association 121 
 
 Woman's Christian Temperance iJnion 12,5 
 
 Society of Christian Endeavor 126 
 
 Baptist Young People's Union of America 130 
 
 PART III. 
 
 The Columbian Exposition , . 
 The Board of Directors .... 
 Board of Reference and Control 
 The Board of Lady Managers . 
 
 I 
 
 PROMINENT WORLD'S FAIR OFFICIALS. 
 
 Thomas Wetherell Palmer 10 
 
 Lyman J. Gage 11 
 
 William T. Baker 12 
 
 Harlow N. Higinbotham 1;, 
 
 Ferdinand W. Peck 14 
 
 Anthony I'. Seebergcr 15 
 
 Charles Carroll Bonney 16 
 
 Thomas B. Bryan 17 
 
 John T. Dickinson iS 
 
 Gen. George R. Davis 20 
 
 Daniel Hudson Burnham 21 
 
 Mo.ses P. Handy 22 
 
 John Wellburn Root 25 
 
 John Parker Reynolds .15 
 
 ILLINOIS AT THE WORLD'S FAIR. 
 
 Illinois State Building 27 
 
 Woman's Department 31 
 
CONTKNTS — ILLINOIS. 
 
 XV 
 
 ILLINOIS EXHIBITS. 
 
 Department A 35 
 
 Department B 42 
 
 Department D « 46 
 
 Department E 46 
 
 Department F 48 
 
 Department O 50 
 
 Department II 54 
 
 Department J 59 
 
 Department K 63 
 
 Department L 66 
 
 Department M 69 
 
 Department N 70 
 
 Woman's Building 70 
 
 Adntinistration Building 76 
 
 Government Building 78 
 
 Manufactures and Liberal Arts 80 
 
 Art Palace 120 
 
 ^Machinerj' Hall 122 
 
 W Oman's Building 128 
 
 Horticultural Building 130 
 
 Electrical Building 134 
 
 Agricultural Building 140 
 
 Fisheries Building 154 
 
 Mines and Mining Fuiiding 156 
 
 Trauspcrtatiou Building 158 
 
 
 '-'t 
 
 .isim 
 
m 
 \\ i«|l 
 
 lii^l ©f IllustPQtiQns 
 
 III f 
 
 PART I. 
 
 Altgeld, Gov. John P 119 
 
 Armour Institute and Mission 153 
 
 Asylum for I-'eeble Minded, Lincoln 77 
 
 Board of Trade, Chicago 125 
 
 City Hall, Chicago 129 
 
 Davis, Chas. E Frontispiece 
 
 Fifer, Joseph W 11: 
 
 First Sta*e House, Kaskaskia 27 
 
 Fort Sheridan 147 
 
 Fuller, Justice M. \V 105 
 
 Grant Monument, Chicago 133 
 
 Grant, Ulyssus S 97 
 
 Harrison, Carter 115 
 
 Institution for the Blind, Jacksonville 59 
 
 Lincoln, Abraham 9;, 
 
 Logan, John A, 101 
 
 Masonic Temple, Chicago 139 
 
 Moses, John v 
 
 Penitentiary for Insane Criminals, Chester 55 
 
 Prairie State, The 5 
 
 Present State House, Springfield 51 
 
 Relief Map of Illinois 17 
 
 Reynolds, John Parker ix 
 
 Second State House, Vandalia 33 
 
 Selby, Paul vii 
 
 Sheridan, Gen. Phil 87 
 
 State Normal School, Carbondale 73 
 
 State Nonnal University, Normal 69 
 
 State Penitentiary, Joliet 63 
 
 Stevenson, Vice President, Adlai E 123 
 
 Third State House, Springfield 39 
 
 University of Chicago 155 
 
 University of Illinois, Champaign 83 
 
 W. C. T. U. Temple, Chicago 167 
 
 White City, The xi 
 
 PART tl. 
 
 Allegorical Painting, National Capitol 17 
 
 Capitol Building, Washington 13 
 
 Congressional Library, National Capitol 2;, 
 
 Panorama from Dome of the National Capitol 7 
 
 Pennsylvania Avenue from State Department, Washington 11 
 
 State, War and Navy Departments, Washington Frontispiece 
 
 Supreme Court Room, National Capitol 23 
 
 Willard, Frances E 125 
 
 xvi 
 
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS — ILLINOIS. 
 
 XVll 
 
 119 
 
 77 
 
 121, 
 
 II : 
 
 27 
 
 M7 
 
 •05 
 
 133 
 
 97 
 
 115 
 
 59 
 
 9.'i 
 
 101 
 
 139 
 \ 
 
 55 
 5 
 51 
 17 
 ix 
 
 3;^ 
 vii 
 >S7 
 
 / t 
 
 '^^ 
 
 12 , 
 
 3'» 
 155 
 
 ,S; 
 167 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Aflmiiiistration Huildiiig 77 
 
 Axricultural nuilding 141 
 
 A. H. Andrews & Co., 215 Wabash Ave., Chicago 109 
 
 American Radiator Co., 11 1 Lake St., Chicago 95 
 
 American Reflector Co., 80 Jackson vSt, Chicago 105 
 
 Annour & Co. , Home Ins. Hnilding, Chicago loi 
 
 Arthur Dixon Transfer Co., 305 Fifth Ave., Chicago 166 
 
 Art I'alace 
 
 i?l 
 
 Baker, William T 7 
 
 Bird's eye view of the White City 75 
 
 Bonney, C. C 15 
 
 Bradley, J. H 31 
 
 Bryan, Thomas B 17 
 
 Buckbee, William, Rockford, 111 132 
 
 Callahan, Miss Mary 33 
 
 Candee, Mrs. Isabella L 33 
 
 Caw's Ink & Pen Co, New York, N. Y 113 
 
 Chester, E. E. . 31 
 
 Chicago Cottage Organ Co., 215 Wabash Ave., Chicago 106 
 
 Chicago Herald, 15H Washington St., Chicago 126 
 
 Chicago Medical and Surgical Institute, 30 Van Buren St., Chicago iio 
 
 Columbia Rubber Works Co., Lake and La Salle Sts., Chicago 102 
 
 Connnercial Cable System, Broad and Wall Sts., New York 136 
 
 Congress of Nations, William F. Cody 152 
 
 Davis, Geo. R 21 
 
 David, E. B 29 
 
 D. B. Fi.sk & Co., Wabash Ave. and Washington St., Chicago 117 
 
 Dickinson, John T 19 
 
 P'jkirson, James K 31 
 
 Doughtery's New England Mince Meat, 210 Washington Bcul., Chicago 145 
 
 Dunham, M. W., Oaklawn Stud, Wayne, 111 147 
 
 D. W. McNeal Co., 19-241 Wabash Ave., Chicago 118 
 
 Dysart, S. 29 
 
 Economy Heaters, 82 Lake St., Chicago 94 
 
 Kggleston, Melette & Brownell, 207 Tacoma Bldg., Chicago 112 
 
 Electrical Building 135 
 
 Fish and Fisheries Building 155 
 
 Fulkerson, W. H 31 
 
 Funk, Laf.iyette 29 
 
 Gage, Lyman J 5 
 
 Garrard, W. C 29 
 
 Gilbert, Mrs. Frances L 33 
 
 Gould, Mrs. Marcia Louise 33 
 
 Granwald, E. M., .St. Petersburg, Russia 116 
 
 Government Building 79 
 
 Hamilton, Mme. E., 48 Van Buren St., Chicago 119 
 
 Handy, Moses P 23 
 
 Harvey, T. W., Harvey, 111 153 
 
 Helvetia Milk Condensing Co., Highland, 111 142 
 
 Iliginbotham, H. N 9 
 
 Hoffman, Josef, Reichenberg, Germany 99 
 
 Horticultural Building 131 
 
 Hostetter, A. B 29 
 
 Illinois State Board 29-31 
 
i 
 
 I 
 
 Is 
 
 jljilii 
 
 ! !li I 
 
 f 
 
 XVHl 
 
 THK WHITK Cri'V 
 
 LIST ol- IM.rSTRATlONS. 
 
 Illinois State liiiildin}? 27 
 
 Illinois Woman's Ivxhibit ;,.; 
 
 Illinois Woman's Hoard ^3 
 
 Johns, S. W 2<) 
 
 Judy, J. W 29 
 
 Keelcy Cnre, Dwi^lit, 111 S7 
 
 Licbig Comjiany, Antwerp, lU'lKiuni 144 
 
 Lyon &. Ik'aly, 156 Stale vSt., Chicago S^ 
 
 Machinery Hall uj; 
 
 Mannfactures and Liberal Arts Hnihlinj^ ... Sr 
 
 Marshall I''iel(l &. Co., Wa.shin^ton and Stale Sts., Chicago 97 
 
 MeCormick Ri'apers, 212 ;\Iarket vSt., Chicaj^o 14,S 
 
 Metropolitan lUisiness College, iMonroe St. and Michigan Ave., Chicaj^o ux) 
 
 Mines and Mining Hnilding 157 
 
 ^Nloline I'lo-v Co., ^Nloline, 111 i^o 
 
 Oglesbv, Mrs. Richard J 3^ 
 
 Owen Klectric Belt and Appliance Co., 191 Stale Si., Chicago 137 
 
 Pace, K. C '29 
 
 Palmer, Jlrs. Potter 1 
 
 Palmer, Thomas W ;, 
 
 Patten, Mrs. I'rancine K 33 
 
 Pearce, J. Irving 31 
 
 Pea.se Piano Co., 46 Jackson St., Cliicago 115 
 
 Peck, p-erdinand W 11 
 
 Peninsular Stove Co., 79 Wabash Ave., Chicago 90 
 
 Peter Henderson & Co., 35 Cortlandt St., New York 133 
 
 Pullen, B 29 
 
 Pullman Palace Car Co., Pullman, 111 162 
 
 Reid, ;\Iurdock &. Co. , 3 Stale St, Chicago 93 
 
 Rhode I.sland Locomotive Works, Providence, Rhode Island i6.| 
 
 Roundy Regalia Co., iSS .S. Clark St., Chicago 114 
 
 Seeberger, A. F 13 
 
 Shepard, IMrs. I'rances Welles 33 
 
 Siegel, Cooper & Co., Van Buren and State Sts., Chicago 96 
 
 Sohnier Pianos, The Thomp.soii Music Co., 367 Wabash Ave., Chicago 82 
 
 Spaulding, A. (t., 108 Madison St., Chicago 107 
 
 Sprague, W'arner & Co., 17 Randolph St., Chicago 89 
 
 Stevens, C. A. &.Bros., Ill State St., Chicago 139 
 
 Stryker, W. D 31 
 
 Studebaker Bros., 203 Michigan Ave., Chicago 160 
 
 Sunlight Soap, Toronto, Ontario 8S 
 
 The American Boiler Co., Cliicago, Illinois 92 
 
 The Caligraph, I S5 La Salle vSl., Chicago 127 
 
 The Crane Co., 219 S. JeiTersuu St., Chicago 125 
 
 The Dayton Aulograghic Register Co., Dayton, Ohio 86 
 
 The Geo. l'\ Child Chair Co., 277 Wabash Ave., Chicago 104 
 
 The Goruuilly &. JeiTery :\Ifg. Co., 85 Madison vSl., Chicago 163 
 
 The Inter Ocean, Madison and Dearborn Sts., Chicago 124 
 
 The J. II. I'"enlon Co., 267 Wabash Ave., Chicago 146 
 
 The Michigan Stove Co., 256 S. Clinton St., Chicago 91 
 
 The National Cash Register Co., 1 15 Monroe St., Chicago 85 
 
 The North American Phonograph Co., JMasonic Temple, Cliicago 138 
 
 The Snuth-Premier Typewriter Co., 154 Monroe St., Chicago 103 
 
 The Wayne Sulkeyette and Road Cart Co., Decatur, Illinois 161 
 
 The Walter M. Lowney Co., 279 Madison vSt., Chicago 143 
 
UST OF ILLUSTRATION'S — ILLINOIS. 
 
 XIX 
 
 • ■ 27 
 
 
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 111 
 
 
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 - -'— 
 
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 "*s' 
 
 • • 143 
 
 
 The Mcc'kiT Medici IK" Co., 260 So. Clark St., Chicago 149 
 
 Tran.sportatioii liuildiu}; 159 
 
 Van's Mexican Hair Restorer, Allen & Co., Inter Ocean Buildiny, Chicago .... ill 
 
 Vir>,'in, John • 29 
 
 Vittiini, D. \V 31 
 
 Waslihurn, J. ^l .... 29 
 
 Wau-He-Ke-Chuck, 237 La vSalle St., Chicago 151 
 
 Wilkinson Co., .S3 Randolph St., Chicago loS 
 
 Wiles, Jlns. Robert II 33 
 
 William's Antomatic Car Coupler, Exchange 10, Grand Pacific Hotel, Chicago . . . 165 
 
 Woman's Piiililing 129 
 
 W>man's ICxhibit 35 
 
 Woolf's Clothing, Ilalsted and Madi.son Sts., Chicago 98 
 
 W. W. Kimball Co., 243 Waba.sh Ave., Chicago 84 
 
 Wyman, B. F 29 
 
 
)r^l 
 
DESCRIPTIVE 
 
 J.INOIS, l»'fiircltii'CHiiiiin;i.r IIm> -pull' fnrcs." wiis ncciipli'd by si'V- 
 il lliii'c 1111(1 wiirliki' trilii's (it Iniliaiis. I'lic IMIiupN liidiu: were ii 
 
 iMwnfiil (•.iTifc(l(T!itl(iii (if Hcvcriil tribes; tbcv were ciinsliintlv lit war 
 
 ill. r liirlian tribes and witb tbc wbiles, until tlieir iiiiinbers 1 uiiie 
 
 . iiiinaled thai they iiave ii|> the stmiit'le and r.dldweil their chier. 
 ,,in, I" the Indian Territory. The Kicltapdos were the r(denlle«s 
 i.iif the whites, with wti(ini iliey were almost (■(instantly at war 
 
 ku IIiimUi driven fnOn the Slatelhej niinraled li> Me\ ic" Id avdid Anier- 
 
 by 
 
 with dtlier t( 
 liliniiis was 
 
 df 
 rrildry 
 (irL'an- 
 
 SUMMARY. 
 
 Settled at Ka~l,a^l,ia in I TJO 
 l'diiiide(l In hrenehinen. 
 iirL'anixed as TerrlliirN in IH09. 
 Admitted as Stale In IHIH. 
 I'd|iulalldli ill IHiVI !,71l,0!ir 
 
 " iM7(i :;,5;«i.rtii 
 
 •• inHii n.irrr.wi 
 
 ■■ IHWI H.H'JD.ICil 
 
 VdtliiL' I'dlHilalidli i.wj.ixn 
 
 Kleetdral Vdles -J* 
 
 r. S. I{e|iri'Sellllltlves '£i 
 
 state Seiiatdrs '.... 51 
 
 " Ue|iresentallves IM 
 
 Area (s(|nare inilcsi 5<l,rto() 
 
 rdpulatidii td Sipiare Mile 'iS 
 
 Heal A I'ersdnai l'rd|.erl\ , trilT.lKKI.llOO 
 
 Ifailrdiids iinilesi lO.IMSt 
 
 S(|iiare Miles Id Mile df HailMad... ri,5 
 Yearly Mannfactiires tlln.OOO.tKIII 
 
 LARGEST CITIES. 
 
 ('hiciik'd 1,4.'1S.()10 
 
 I'edrlii ll.irM 
 
 (,>iiiii(rv III.IIM 
 
 Sprinirllidd '.'l.lliW 
 
 Udc,i<rdrd •^:i.5KI 
 
 .lidiet ZV2M 
 
 LEGAL. 
 
 HTATITES (IF LIMITATION. 
 
 .Iiidjinienls, 7 year-. 
 Dpen AeCdlinis, ."i years. 
 Ndles, III years. 
 ISeiU'inplidii Tax Sales, 2 yeurs 
 
 LIMITATION op ACTIONS. 
 
 riiwritten (' 
 
 l-'dreeldslire 
 
 Real Acti 
 
 iintraets, ti vears. 
 .Mil', and 'I'lix Sale 
 in Slate, -JU years. 
 
 . 1 yr. 
 
 Tader- and mi-sldiiaries frdin (niiada were tile first tci visit this 
 III 1117,'t Kalher Muri|Uelte and Hie fur trader, Louis .loliel, reBched 
 Mi„,»lppi via the h'dx and Wiscdiisin Hivers, descended il to llie 
 liBldi- Hiverand paddleil ii|i thai siiiyiiisli stream, everywliere widcuiied 
 l^B ' li~livals and peace-pipes " by he Abdriuiiies. In 111711 l.ii Salle and 
 
 • IfMt'i le fiirllier exploriilidiis. ,iiid in KWI) l.a Salle and iMillnr llennepiii 
 
 tditod d I'lirt Cn've I'leur. Kiisl<:i-.kia and ('ahdi<ia were establislied as 
 0|Hi|b"lie mi'-sidiis, and snoii a flonrisliiim Kreindi comnierce spraiiL' up 
 b^ei II ihe Mississippi V.'illey and the (ireai Lakes via the Illinois and 
 
 Ol&ie.d liiverv 
 
 ^i~ lerriiory was first seitle(l and tidverned by the P'rench, llrsi frdiii 
 
 Ogil iind llieii fri ill New Orleans, until 17ttl, wlien it was ceded Id the 
 
 Bl||li-li. \'ir;;iiii,i claimed I iliudis as part df her lerritdry by riiihl 
 ohteler. and i;dveriie(l it until 17H4. wli.'ii il was ceded, 
 Jrllnvest df the Ohid liiver." In the riiited stales. 
 |a- II 'ren-itdrv in IHOl), and lieciuiie a Slate in 1HI8. 
 
 )POGRAPHY.— lireiilest leiiKtli,ndrt bund smith, SSffi miles: irrealesi 
 
 Ih. ■-'IMiiiles. Of its 5«,r).M) siiiiare miles. ."ifi.lXHl are land and ft'iO water. 
 
 |2hK >lreaiiis. Mississippi Hiver fdniis its western bdiindary for 7IKI 
 
 'riieOhio and Wabash Kivers lioiind the Slaie on llie sdiithdisl. 
 
 ill 1 Lake .Mi(diii;iiii. Ill) mill's. ( 'liicaed cdiinected with the .Mis- 
 
 Ippi liiver by ciiniil Id La Siille, and tlie I Hindis River Id I he .Mississippi. 
 
 pjtable waterways, 4,IINl milium. State avast prairie, widl timbered in 
 
 |y Idealities. Klevatidii frdiii ;!10 feel at Ciili-d to 1,111) feel— the liinhesl 
 
 It 111 iidriliwe-l pdrtidii of Stale. 
 
 JRICULTURE, HORTICULTURii, &c. The sdil df luinids 
 
 llld^l iinifdriiily prddnctive in the world, its farm prddncls haviiii; 
 
 •d .fl^O.IKKI.IXX) 11. one year. Hanks second as ii Cdrii prddiicini.' State, 
 
 an average crop for il) years df i2i,l)0l),l)(K) bushels. Wheat bidt lies 
 
 lit Siirinulleid— aniiuiil iiriuliicl f.ir lit years, ;!(1,II00,I)(X) liuslnds. Aver- 
 
 oat crop over 70.IXX),()(II) bushels. The oilier leadiiii.' f.inn iiroilucis 
 
 |)e, barley, biKdiivheat, potaldes, hay, yrass seed, Ihixseed, brddin-corn, 
 
 lliiiii, lie. Stale alidiinds in fine friiil, and has HlXI.IHXIairres nf drchards 
 
 Iviiieyards. The iiein-hes from the .\ltoii country are famous, and the 
 
 leyiiddhiis reaidied IXXI.IXX) biisliids. I'he-ries and plums thrive, and 
 
 tberries, raspberries and other small fruits are raised in vast i|uanti- 
 
 More than ,t.lXX).000 pounds of iirapes and HOO.OOI) L-allons of wiii(> have 
 
 1 iiniduced from the vineyards in a siiiele year. Number of nurseries, 
 
 Igei'd farms, 'Jl. 
 
 |VE STOCK. — On accduni nf the immense yi(dd df hay, cdrn, and 
 
 1 Hindis is especially adapted Id stuck raisini;. Slate ranks first in 
 
 if linrses, .second in swine, and fourth in dairy products. Number of hors 
 
 ."i, IXt.i")!) value, lf30,.Tl7,47»; niiicii cows, l,07-',47;). value, if'J4,-ii9,H:il), 
 
 lINERALS.— The first coal dlsodvercd in the Inited Stales was near Ottawa, by Kather Hennepin. Slate 
 
 ■eiuid in production of iiituniimius coal. Coal area, ;!7.(X)0 s(|uare miles, with over L""*' mines. Product of 
 
 IJ.iitH.ixx) tons: value, ifll,7,=i,=>,IXX). State ranks biijli in produirtion of limestone, and Ims 104 quarrip.s. Value of 
 
 iiiiL' St piarried. *l,l)H4,55li: value df llnie Vrdduced. *;il«),245. 
 
 ^NUFACTURES.- Illinois leads in inanuraclnre of distilled spirits, ranks fourth in foriuonted li(iuors, 
 
 inickiiie .if meat, .second in prnductidii of steel, fourth in pi;; iron. Wodl industry iniporlant. 
 )UCATIONAL.— Stiidi'iits enrolled in common .school.s, 778,.1I9: penimnenl school fund over IfliWXt.lKK): 
 pla..;e,lV-21. ,Studenls in private schools, 105,000. Normal ruiversily. Normal, over LIIH) stelents; Sdiithcni 
 bis Normal fniveriiity, Carbondale, 1,400 students; l^ook Co. Normal, Chlcniro; I'niversity of Illinois, Urbiina, 
 ■""I students. 
 
 IIOMKSTEAI) AND E.XKMI'TION. 
 
 Necessary wcarinir appiind, llible, 
 s(!hool liooks and family iiiclure-. 
 
 Personal propertv fdceaidi person if lix) 
 
 Additional for lii'iid of family residim: 
 with llieni iiidl includiiit; nidiiey 
 (ir wau'es due diditiirl tlJlX) 
 
 lldinestead farm (ir Idt and linlldiiiL's 
 thereon fl.lXH) 
 
 INTE11E8T. 
 Leyal Hale, 5 per cl. 
 Hy ConlriKjt, 7 per ct. 
 Korf(dt for I'snry, all the Interest. 
 H Days Grace. 
 
 MAIIKIEI) WOMEN. 
 
 Hold all propertv aci|uired by descent, 
 uiftor purclia.se as if n'nmarried. 
 
 i in IHSX). l,l'-'a,l)73, value, ifKi,;«)L«I-J: 
 

 '"t I 
 
 MAP INDEX OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 EXPLANATION. 
 
 Kuli.iMitiif I. nil alphaMirul tut 
 nt •ftrv I i.'uil) l(t», 'Ipirtii, Vil 
 Immi'. hoi) l'>i>(<irn.!« hi Dip KItil*, 
 
 TKp |i<lti|ll«ll<i|| of (>B4>|| la ItlVrli 
 
 •rporhiiii t- ihc i>ii»ua of IMBit 
 Thu i>'>|'<ilitlt>'ii iif RoinK Kinull 
 pUw» Mri. t)iil iiIvph 111 (hK ('I'll 
 ■u* Ki*|i<'rl. A* llit>y wurv hid mini 
 In thfi'lvli tlttirlnl III whiiih iIi«t 
 mt* |i'rMii'<l: ilifM> ir* hiillrnii'il 
 Ihii. X 
 
 Slnlx I ii|>lliil* Hint iarun I'Hlrt 
 ■r»hM-4pl(Nl*, ihu- ^IIIOAOO 
 
 r<iiiiiii ToMiii mf hi ruii-f*.;«>ii 
 
 lypi-, Ihu* ChMMr 
 
 |*it>li<ffl(«>* »r»i III Rninao lyiit-, 
 Ihiio-'Ahroii 
 
 t'Uo** H'>t r"«tiiiflc»« ir<i hi 
 lUlln. Ihiiit .ttilrrtOH. 
 
 y.xutrt* i-rtti'f* urc Iii<|lra(nl 
 ihua- •• 
 
 Thn IfiifM f<ilU»*ln(i nnmf of 
 Town rt-frrtiiltn'pnlntof rniiij(4». 
 on Ihn M')|> nhir* li l« Iih'miM. 
 
 In thf I.M nrr»iiiiiki>ih*)f(i<'r 
 •nd tigUTf. r<i|l<iwhiif imniH <ir 
 (.'oiinl)."'""^")"""' »»"h ">• lellt-r 
 acil DitiirK nil iimruhii iif Mhii op 
 puallit thti Iti-alliin of I'nunly t>ii 
 
 owloR (ii lurk iif riHim »n tUp 
 unnic <mKll nlmra Bmnmlllnd, but 
 lh>>v will All bit riiuiitl III ih« iJKt 
 of town* 
 
 l.al»i-ii(hna^« vlvuC)iloii|iiioT«r 
 l,Wll.O(JO|»>l>uI«tlon. 
 
 Jcflnrw'n ... 
 
 Uk« 
 
 Us»ii«. ..<... 
 
 lAwnnc* 
 
 Ij-i- 
 
 I.iviiifoion ,.,. 
 
 I/«an 
 
 Mi'lh)uiiufh ,,, 
 
 MoHeniT 
 
 McLean 
 
 Mkuo 
 
 MMoupin 
 
 MadlMw 
 
 MartoD 
 
 MtrttMOl 
 
 MaMD , 
 
 Maauc 
 
 Mrtwnl 
 
 M«rcer 
 
 Mirurue 
 
 Muiitgumtnr.. 
 
 Moms ; 
 
 MiiuTufa 
 
 tUki 
 
 Peoria 
 
 Perry 
 
 inau. 
 
 like 
 
 I'ope 
 
 rulMki 
 
 Putnam 
 
 ltilK(1<)||>ll 
 
 KkhiutKl 
 
 Kocklfland... 
 HalDtl.'klr...., 
 
 Ballne 
 
 Bangamao..... 
 
 Sehnrlsr 
 
 aoott 
 
 Slwlbr 
 
 BUrlt. 
 
 BtopheBaoa.... 
 
 TftaewcU 
 
 Uuluo 
 
 Vermilion 
 
 Wabaab 
 
 Wamn 
 
 WaafalDgUMi... 
 Wayne 
 
 whitu 
 
 WhlicaMo 
 
 Win . , 
 
 iMDii. ror 
 
 1 1 ii.fm 
 
 II 7 \t.i$3 
 
 , (11 II.SM 
 
 A t i).wa 
 
 , I e 11.951 
 
 ..V.l 8B.IIU 
 
 N9 7.653 
 
 n 8 lll.Wtl 
 
 , I 4 IS.»«3 
 
 J 11 4-J.ISt 
 
 1.1 ari.811 
 
 M li II.WV 
 
 ,1110 ]».TI1 
 
 I' 1 n.4ii 
 
 Ml 80.ITO 
 
 II Mligi.itn 
 
 .N vi n.M3 
 
 , M II n.44.1 
 
 <■ « rt.\M 
 
 J 8 11.011 
 
 K It li.eM 
 
 (■ 11 n.Mi 
 
 1.1) wAtn 
 
 U II f.144 
 
 , N 10 m.MH 
 
 , ,N H K.361 
 
 II lu n.oaa 
 
 UH 11.IM 
 
 114 43.111) 
 
 PM M.Ktt 
 
 Ml ra.7111 
 
 Kio ti.rei 
 
 .H HI ITWI 
 
 .1 ! si.iin 
 
 T n 1,844 
 
 (*2 »,«• 
 
 hi K\m\ 
 
 1! as.ifti 1 
 
 R1 11.IW I 
 
 Nil 1A,IM1 
 
 «B »i.SW 
 
 ; N4 H.(Jli.l 
 
 A 5 15.1111 
 
 i.M » I5,U13 
 
 CIO M.t.'SI 
 
 Fll M,1J! 
 
 I> UJ 1Mi« 
 
 4 a8,7Vi 
 
 A 11 sua-. 
 
 V.9 eo,*i« 
 
 on ]4.f.V3 
 
 Cl M,IH1 
 
 li » 88.455 
 
 II M.4'*9 
 
 ^,13 r.467 
 
 .A ill »,1U 
 
 11 i 63,11."* 
 
 , KB IW,UH1 
 
 M 5 40.1MJ 
 
 tH> Bl.aid 
 
 , I'" 21,341 
 
 !•■ J 13,»5S 
 
 IS 1».081 
 
 I' » ir.ais 
 
 JO I3.IW 
 
 , 1 .) 18,54.5 
 
 i) I K.Mtl 
 
 MS au.oia 
 
 K 4 n.tu 
 
 1.0 I4.4!)l 
 
 m 2S.110 
 
 ,, <)« W..TI% 
 
 , Ill 17.SM 
 
 lanaa, ror. 
 
 NW 
 
 .::"S 
 
 .MW 
 
 A4«R.J, A'^Mn* W 
 
 Jiliinu i'ii*t, (tra AUaiidati), 
 ^^<lii"M, IJiliiRaittn .1^ 
 
 • A'Mlctlllr, Wui|lll«Wu . II 
 
 • ,«.l.l>ai>ii. ixtpSipi NK 
 
 A-Uttnn strtH.Vwi NK 
 
 «Ailrl1nf. <>Ml« N 
 
 • A-lrUM. IUi..-..rk W 
 
 VAilvaiHf, 'laaWir UK 
 
 • Anna, l olca R 
 
 Alolhiy. hitpiiriiMin N W 
 
 «^U.">,.l»1>*vU« NW 
 
 ?Aklu, ^rmiikUn M 
 kn.ii. I'.'.na V 
 
 9At.>-I.U>,. I'ikr W 
 
 #All<4ll>'. U hill Kill"... 
 
 • Alltliin, f.lwar'ia.. 
 «Ali|rii M'lrinry. ... 
 ^AUnil^t. I iihn) 
 
 • AIwl..,Mi-f..T 
 
 ^Alffflrr. KntlP.... 
 
 • Alri4llilrr, .MnrgRB . 
 
 #AI«*M, Wurn-n 
 
 • Alipoi'lolii. UilU-ltn-- 
 
 • Alhaiotiia. M«iIIM'B... . 
 
 i Ml Ulc WHLoh 
 
 Allrii«Mi.|liiif, l-..!-- 
 
 AlUi.1''' tiA-n ratlt'W).. 
 «All.til<i«ti. Tai"»rll,. 
 %4ll'-'Ul*. Ikloultnn.... 
 mAtlfrl-m, Pun 
 
 tAllirtiiii Vtrmllhin 
 IliMiii. l«"reiirfl 
 
 • Anna. Maitiin ... 
 
 %At'n.i. Haliiinair 
 
 • Alnmra, Kmiii 
 
 • Aift)*. Il'iiry 
 tAliI"". l""k. 
 #Al»»-y, Mi'iU 
 
 • Alia, ri-oria (1 
 
 • Alumrxit. Kffliift.aBI R 
 
 4t AlUnhflin Cuok NK 
 
 • Alton, Midlwn C 
 
 • AlKna, Kiioi W 
 
 • Alt'-n Jiiiirtliin, Madlaun. .C 
 
 • AlU-ft Nuirimll Hadiauo. . .V 
 
 JMti, I'tM. t'nliiti.. H 
 Ititrf, (Ml Kankak<-r) 
 
 • Alvlii. Vrniilllcm R 
 
 0At'r-tlh, U'lnnrlMtfu N 
 
 • Aiiilm)'. Lr^ N 
 
 • AlliflK'B. PulBikl H 
 
 Atnea. M'i»rn# »W 
 
 Ainny, lU'lilnird HR 
 
 • Alirlmr, Mi'l^ail.. 
 
 • Ar« 
 
 l„«...t 
 
 iAM 
 
 I. U 
 
 ..NW 
 
 Woodford , 
 
 TottI S,!fli,8Sl 
 
 TOWW. OOUITTT. ISDtX. FOF. 
 
 ' IM 
 
 ^ropQlftUon Ibdaitd In CUe^o. 
 
 lijUT 
 
 • Ai>ouiiii>il"ii. I Iirlktlan 
 
 • AnttTla, Kitlion 
 
 • AUicM. Mi-nard 
 
 Alln-iidvniP, Grreuf 
 
 • AikltiMiU, llriiry.. 
 
 • AiUuia. Lc'Kiin ^ 
 
 Atlim, I'lke.... W 
 
 • Attirhrrry. »|riiard C 
 
 AttllM. wnilaniion H 
 
 Alwati' r, M ainnpii) C 
 
 • Atwixid. I'iBtt C 
 
 9Aiiburii. <'l*rk R 
 
 • Antiurn, l-antromuii G 
 
 9Aiihun> JufHiion. (vukNK 
 
 • Aul'urii PHrk.CiH.k NR 
 
 • Aiitrii»U. Ilaut-uck W 
 
 • Aurorii. Kini' .,H 
 
 • AiiMlii. ( iMik NR 
 
 Aux KnVif. Onindy N 
 
 • A^B, Jnikwiii a 
 
 • Avtui. l«>(tlc H 
 
 Avt-ry, .lulUM.t* NW 
 
 • AvUtut), 4'lliilou ,8 
 
 • Avou, filltitn W 
 
 • Amndalu. Cuiik NK 
 
 Uabyluii, Fulton W 
 
 Uailen lladen, Uond H 
 
 • Hadt-ra, tklniylpr W 
 
 • Hallcyvllli-, (iKic N 
 
 • /friliifrrf'ftf', \Miium*on...H 
 
 • lUkrr, lA^allc M 
 
 mbakrr, McLt-ai' 8W 
 
 %tlakrt^$ l-iiif. 4-r«<(funlM! 
 
 • Ilul.'om, riili.ii » 
 
 llfld MkuiicI, Kaiif N 
 
 • H'll.lirl't, r> renif W 
 
 • llaJdwiD, Itaiidululi KW 
 
 lUII, Whit*- BK 
 
 Ilullanl. M'Uan. 
 
 ill 
 
 ,...HW 
 
 NK 
 
 Aiidaliiala. K<N-k talaud. . 
 
 • AniliTMiu, I I 
 %Au<lmoH. Mu-iiuplu.. 
 Auiliivpr. Ili'ury.. 
 
 • Anoa, tj'iil'in n 
 
 AniiniK.lla. ( ra»fur>) HR 
 
 • Aiii'awan, llt-nry NW 
 
 ?Aiiti<M'ti. I.akr NK 
 iHLnlUii, Artonia W 
 
 • Appk Itlver. JitltaxirMNW 
 
 • Aiiplfton, Kmn. 
 
 • Aptaklalr. Ukr 
 
 Arradia, Murran 
 
 Archie. ViTiniKon 
 
 • Anoia, Ihiuglaa 
 
 • .4rd^n. Plk^ 
 
 • ATPUtvllle. Caiw 
 
 JArgrniat Maiuu 
 rip>, Carroll 
 
 • AthtIo. Wliin<-)ir.Ki),, 
 
 • Arnle Park. (_<^>k .-<(v 
 
 • Arrimttun. Ilni. >u N 
 
 • Arllniluu IIpIkIii..) v-ik NK 
 
 • ArtnniKtun, Tii/r»ill.... <: 
 
 • AniiKtrunK. V<'riiillliin..,.K 
 
 • Arnolil, .Miiraaii W 
 
 ^Arotiut, Kankakir K 
 
 ... ... p^. 
 
 ..HW 
 
 . NW 
 
 ...NW 
 
 ..SR 
 
 ,.SW 
 
 . NW 
 
 • Arroaamltb. 
 
 • Arthur. Mnulirli'.. 
 ^Athil'ile, Carn>n.... 
 Aahtlr>vi', Iro(|uola. 
 
 • Aahknm, hoquola K 
 
 • Aahlaiid. Caia W 
 
 • AiMiy. Wa»i1iiRluu H 
 
 • AMu 
 
 5S8 
 
 11 
 I.IT.S 
 1.851 
 
 IIUIII 
 
 nil'H 
 
 xik... 
 
 ..NK 
 
 ...W 
 
 N 
 
 ...NB 
 
 • /*< 
 
 Iliirclny. Oali- 
 
 • Ilarcfay, ^niiKuinoU ., 
 
 • /J(ir<Y.. MutllMii) 
 
 lUri-ovlllv, Madlm.ii 
 
 |liirt|i>l|>h, ^^t l>i<ni>UKh .. 
 Ilanianl. Adatiia 
 
 • Ilanit-a McLran 
 
 • Harnt'it, Montipiiniry 
 
 • llarnhlll, Wuync... 
 
 • flfirr. Coiik 
 
 Ilarri-yllle. WtHrnrj- 
 
 • UarrlnffUin, C>Hik p,ti 
 
 • Itarrow. Orppne ....W 
 
 narr'a&turi', MacuuplD C 
 
 • Harry. Pike W 
 
 • llarstow. ltucklMaDd..NW 
 
 • »artelK^ Cltnlun » 
 
 • Bartlrtt. Cuok VK 
 
 tUtiirthtl, I'wrla C 
 
 tsU'irilfy. (ia'tntJi SE 
 
 ell.irtiiiivll> I't^irla C 
 
 mll'irv>€"' i'^irn 8 
 
 • llaacu, uaucuck W 
 
 »wa. ooanTT. 
 
 Hauvla. Sana 
 
 iicht>>«ii, 1 altMina., 
 flat a Haiifantnu.. 
 
 Halli. Uiaua 
 
 iidian, Adami. 
 
 ly, laro Moaler) ... 
 
 Uayt ny Pupt 
 • nayleClir, f 
 iltaylla. nka. 
 
 rayrtW ^ 
 
 m'UcNlirr) 
 
 *1! 
 
 M 
 •M 
 
 , bwan.. 
 
 ren<>n, iiimhip 
 
 ■a»<-r*lll*, Iruqiinti., 
 MAirliA, Vcrilillloi).. 
 rord. me 
 
 ...»R 
 
 •aliliiKbiH.. 
 
 Bitrn; < lltilitn 
 
 |la8»"r(r.Tii, |i 1 
 
 BaaTertim 
 
 2 Of Aw 
 
 BtKlford. 
 
 • llMr«-li*r, Will.... 
 
 • n«^t>rrriir, Kmnuiiai 
 
 • llrt'h Itldn, AUiauiU 
 
 jlraihTilttt, rallxxin 
 
 Hrfll.rMk, Plki' 
 
 • Ildknap, .liihoaiiu 
 
 «//*(!, I/tcan 
 (tl. Marloii 
 
 Bell Alr.t;rawlord -.« 
 
 • lUll* ^hiwar, MrUaiK.HW 
 
 Itallt Plain, Marahan C 
 
 Delia Pralrln, llainnti.n H 
 
 • n«ll«lilvtt. Jctfen<in 4 
 
 SeUerlAW, Calliuun ... . W 
 
 • Uvllfivllle, Kl.tUir NW 
 SrtlmUUJuiU. Nttlalr ..HW 
 Bettmual, Wabaah HR 
 
 • BtlUwitoO, L'uok N IC 
 
 i StImenI, Cook ...NR 
 
 • ll«lfia«r«. Bt^ne N 
 
 0H*inan, Ijiwreme SK 
 
 JRemeiit, PlatI V, 
 iniaminirlllt, (§<«■ lloMt-rl 
 
 • Henacnrin*. Dn rage .NR 
 
 • lkn»»ii, WiMHitnra (] 
 
 • llpulh), lUurM'k W 
 
 • Hfinton, Pranhlln H 
 
 • /;«riI«H, Ukft NR 
 
 Ufuvllla. Ilrown W 
 
 • Uerdan, (1 n^ena W 
 
 • Btrgtr. Cuuk N R 
 
 iTarUii, Biiivaiiion ....<' 
 
 Heruke, (ouk.. 
 
 • Htrry, Bauuaiuuu ■ ' 
 
 Uerryton, I'aaa 
 
 UerrrvUlc. Itlihlatid.. 
 
 • Ilerwlrk. Warrrn ,. 
 
 • Ileiwyu, ri.<>k 
 
 • Itoilialti), Madlaoi),. 
 
 • ff«A4(l. Ju'kaott . 
 %liutfruin. Bond .. 
 lleTeilir, AJtma.... 
 Btprrlif Hitt. C<iuk 
 Biblo Oruvo, <:U)- .. 
 %Hiti Bnu, .Mai 
 
 SBlitnviUe, Hfadarwm., 
 • nilktt, liiwrrnro . 
 
 SNei^tc. Adania , 
 \^ ItAL-k, Kaua . 
 
 I'KlM, Munran. 
 
 NR 
 
 ,,NW 
 
 ..fcW 
 
 ,ll[iittiam. Friyntc 
 
 ■ /;,rLAtr'i(.il,i:<wk 
 
 • lllrila, l.awrriii o 
 
 • llinl'allrldKe. Will .... 
 
 • Hirkbeck, UfWni 
 
 • OirkntT, HBintLinir .. 
 Uirni<nuM;ini, .ii'liiiylt^r - 
 
 • ni>'Ii<')'> M'lacn 
 
 • m-li'ii llil^ llrory 
 
 %nuu\tirk, Peoria 
 
 • Hlainarrk. Vcrniitlou . . . 
 
 HUby, Vfmilllou 
 
 Blackberry, Kaiie.......... 
 
 BUckburo, Chrlillau 
 
 %UUick», Adaina 
 
 SUlackitone, UTluifattm . 
 lalne. Uoooe 
 
 Hlilr, IlADdolpb 
 
 Ulalrtvllle, W1II1iiub->ii.. 
 mBlitka, lit tallo .i 
 
 JaiantUna. J'> Uavli-ra . .N W 
 lanaiDC. J'y nBvlcM....NW 
 BlaudrDflvllle, Mclhinoimb ,W 
 Blank'iStailfin, On I'Jgo. NK 
 mBlottgm, Will NK 
 
 tDluomndrt, Johbaon S 
 laotufUlJ. I'tr.ti W 
 
 Dloomltiirdalp, Du J'Bite...N'K 
 
 ffllluotnl^vtnn.McL'u tiVf 
 loiiut, VrrmllliiD K 
 
 Bine Oraaa. Veruilll'iii F. 
 
 • Blue laland. Cook NR 
 
 Wua /»landJufK'l,i^o<ik. NK 
 
 • Blue Uiiutid, Macou H 
 
 • Blue Point, EtfliiKhain ....9 
 
 • Blue KiaK*^, Plait C 
 
 HlulTCU)'. Hehuyler W 
 
 • Bl'iff niii. Kayott« H 
 
 Bluff Ualf.lireone W 
 
 mBttdrnull. Adami W 
 
 • Dlu»<,BinU W 
 
 • Blull Sprlugi, l<au W 
 
 Blufuril, JrAi-rwD. 8 
 
 BlXton. Fultiju .....W 
 
 Hoai. .Vfuaaat- 8W 
 
 Mugie, Law retit'c N K 
 
 Botfula, Juaper SK 
 
 Bolivia, C)>riatla» C 
 
 • Bulton, HtcplicDwia NW 
 
 • Aont/, UaD^nmoit 
 
 • ItundvlIU-, ('humi>altcn....R 
 
 • Bone nap, Edwanla BR 
 
 • BunOi'ld, Kankakee R 
 
 liunuB. B'MiDe K 
 
 • Itoody, Macon ,rt 
 
 • Uou8*^BUlluli. JaB|>er ....HK 
 
 • B'lQihn. (.1 riindy N 
 
 Bonoa. VAtar R 
 
 % B'trlon J UHitloy^, Fjlgar ..8 
 
 • B.tikyden, Jaekaon B 
 
 • lluiiMur.i'lliiUin 1 
 
 Hoiir'".i>. I)..ii((t8a K 
 
 B'>iirb<iuiidia(lrxive. K'u'kp^K 
 
 • lloweu. Ilan<nii-L W 
 
 itoxctt^liitrg, lAee Ludlun) .... 
 Biiidetfiillf, (lallatln KR 
 
 • /iotwdrt-. Kdgar K 
 
 Uuwmanvinc. dtok NK 
 
 Bowyrr, ItlcMand 8R 
 
 • lluyd.. J t'fferaoti 8 
 
 • l)<>yI(^«tot), WByne t>R 
 
 Itoyiiiou. iHicwell ...C 
 
 • Itraretlll--, tlruo'ly N 
 
 • Uradliury. (.uiiiiierlaad . ..K 
 ItriiAtt, llamlllon 8 
 
 • UradfiirJ. 8Urk C 
 
 • BiMlfunliiin. HannmoD ,.C 
 
 R Bradley, TaEew^ir. 
 tlOlAui:. Uiilnn 8 
 
 • Brmtdwood, WIB KR 
 
 Vifrcfifrd. Cook ....NR 
 
 OQVwn. I a MS. ror. 
 
 JVrancA, Mil Clair. . 
 
 • Ilrped'a, 
 i|lrp>M<, I 
 
 Orainpu. IUt..l.ilph. . . 
 Brt\r*r, Vtrinllli'U 
 
 :/ft/.i-*vr*,l'lkB..., 
 Jlriar Ultiir. Ilaury . 
 
 ..MW 
 
 • HriarUliiir.lli 
 
 • /Inar /fill. Kane i* 
 
 a/iiirti,,.., Ufaile N 
 
 /rii.i.f**/i«>'-floN. Hadlann..n 
 0H>ulfJuKrltnft. PefiHa.O 
 
 • //.|./,,«/'««' (»«»., Will.. NR 
 
 • lt< f'uf .;<iar|'fi, ilt.1 lair HW 
 
 • //.. 
 
 i4./u>i('Moa, Alei'd'rH 
 
 ilHvlH.n, UwTPbCn . NK 
 
 nfli-If*Bl^r, Oremr..,. W 
 //r((/Al...i. Jrraey BW 
 
 • llilNiitDn. Uai'ouiilD C 
 
 • tlrit/Mu.n I'.irk, Cook. . . N K 
 
 • llrliiillrl.l, Pix.rta O 
 
 Itruk'int, Will NH 
 
 • /«rUrM>. /:iark ■ 
 
 • llrlali'l, Kridall M 
 
 • llri<aill*tiili, I nampalim . .R 
 
 • lii.Ht..i,. t^ilrtr R 
 
 ^tliwi.iir, U<Uan HW 
 
 • /;ruiy*.luf#. took NR 
 
 • HriMikllpa Park, Cook.. Nl 
 
 • Bruaktun, balliie 8 
 
 • 0riK>k(|ri, Maaaao BW 
 
 Arootfyn.Httlalr 8W 
 
 Brooklyn, tkbuyler W 
 
 Bruoka, Madliou 
 
 Br<Mikvllle.Cflle N 
 
 • BruuihUiu, jiainiltua . . 
 
 t'aluiiK 
 
 'aluiitfl MiY»', Cook . . 
 •,ilt„i ■ ■ 
 
 .BK 
 
 • Brvwnlni, Bchurler.... 
 
 • BrowniL KdwardB __ 
 
 Bnjiim'a MIU, {t^t\ Inintlale). 
 
 • Browualfiau, Karalta 8 
 
 • BM«i»\nie, WhW HK 
 
 • Brnre. Iloullrh- G 
 
 BrttnllharU /'lofir . Jaikaon 8 
 |lruniwlok.llhrlt)y..........U 
 
 Ilruahy Fork, IhjuRla* ,R 
 
 llruaaela, Calhoun w 
 
 • Bryaut, Fulum W 
 
 mBryMn, Jackaun B 
 
 HtfkanitH, (i)'!^ Dunn) 
 
 llurkt'ra,HtP»hriiBi>n.... NW 
 
 Burk Horn, Brown W 
 
 JliM-* Hitrn tthiHit, i'lke . . W 
 
 • Bucktmbam, Kiukakee. .R 
 
 • Bucklry, lrui)u<>lB .K 
 
 • /riH-kn^'-, Franklin 8 
 
 • lliula, bureau N 
 
 SBudd, fJrhi^l'in 
 urna Park, Cook NK 
 
 • lliiena VliU, Hteph'aou.NW 
 
 • Buffalo, Kanframoo t) 
 
 BuSal»Un>va,Uka NR 
 
 • Buffalo IIart,Baofainon ..0 
 Buffalo I'ralrte. H. filand NW 
 
 llumpiia. Jrfferton 8 
 
 Buuvumbe, Jiibnann.,.. fi 
 
 • Bunker lint, Mai-uuplu...G 
 
 • Bureau, Bureau M 
 
 • Bureau Aiding. Lm N 
 
 Burkavnie, Monroe HW 
 
 %HurktTttit, Uonroa BW 
 
 • kurttngiint*, Caaa , W 
 
 • BurntiKion, Kane N 
 
 • nutllHqiim Piirk, UuP'eNK 
 
 Buniham, Cook NR 
 
 Built; llrfiry NW 
 
 • lliiriiaitluCniulnn, C'k.NK 
 
 SBiirnwldf, Hancock W 
 urnt Prairie. White t^K 
 
 JBurrlhik; C.iok NK 
 urrowavlllc Piatt <i 
 
 Burton. Adanii W 
 
 J Burton View. ]»Kan U 
 Buahiiell, He Bonouitb. . . . W 
 
 • BuBhl..n.Colra K 
 
 • Builer, MuQtaomery V. 
 
 • BuiU, Kaukakee R 
 
 BuKnu, Clltilon 8 
 
 mByhtt, Yn\Uin W 
 
 Uycrton.Callioon W 
 
 9 /tl/> nrrillf. I In Pa 
 «|l.r»ii. iwl.- 
 
 ,.NR 
 
 H 
 
 • ritiro.Ali'xander... 
 
 • Calrdoula, B<ioiie. .... 
 iCtittilanM JuncUttn, B'ne N 
 
 •Cathnun, KIctaland BR 
 
 " U^ornlii Arrnut, Cook. . *"" 
 
 ..NK 
 ..NK 
 
 ..NK 
 
 >^ 
 
 . NW 
 
 . Whll^ 
 
 • <'iiiiinrir>. I'liUKlao 
 
 • L'aiiibrtilBe. Kei 
 
 i Bimli-n. St'lHi) Irr w 
 
 r.i/:i'lfii .Villi, {tee Milan)... 
 
 • Caiiicntn. Warreu W 
 
 (.BJiipbell, Culra K 
 
 • ('aiiiphelllllll, Jaikauu ...8 
 CainpCrT>\e,filark G 
 
 • Camp Point, Adaiiia W 
 
 •Campus, Llvlnftaton G 
 
 •CtnavUk-, WiiiiamauD 8 
 
 • CanttHt, Madlion c 
 
 • Caulon, Fulton W 
 
 • rantrall, Kiiutainou G 
 
 • l^apnin, Booue N 
 
 t'lirft^r'a /iMgt, ueti Karber'a 
 
 til'ltce) 
 
 • C*rt>on Cliff. Uock I'al.NW 
 
 • Carbouilalf. Jarkaon. .....8 
 
 • rurllnvtlle. .Macoupin. .G 
 
 • CarliK-k, Md.fan BW 
 
 • (.arllou, Uf Kalb N 
 
 • «*url>'le, ClIt.toD 8 
 
 • Carinun. ilrnderaon W 
 
 • 4'Mruil, Willie KK 
 
 • (,Vir«(i/i.i«. I*-e.,,. N 
 
 • CariKiiltr, Madlioa C 
 
 • carivnlpravilli', Kaoe....N 
 
 • Carrler'a Mnn. Sabiie. . " 
 Oirtoll, Cnrrr 
 •CHrnftlUiii, Greene.. 
 •carruw, Kanhakii- r. 
 
 • Cartervlllis Winiamaon ...8 
 •CnrthHKt*. )lBncuck....W 
 
 • <.'(/rlAu{/< Juncliou, ll'a'n W 
 
 • CaryBUtlon, McHenr7...N 
 •Caaey. Clark K 
 
 • CaKyvillf. Balnt Clair. . .8W 
 
 • CaaiitT, Maron 8 
 
 Caapar'a, WaahlugtJin H 
 
 • Coa», Caaa W 
 
 • Caalltrtuii, Klark ti 
 
 • ('(Kllehtn, Kaukakee K 
 
 caaior, Wsvno 8R 
 
 CUfitk. VMtKiT 
 
 • t^ailln. Wrmill.in.. 
 
 • Ciiiuit. Man^iull ..., 
 
 • (.Vilfm /'.irjn. Will ... 
 Ca«e la R<K k. flardlu. . . 
 CawUiuo, WllDamaon ... 
 •Cayuca, livluptoD.... 
 
 ,.KW 
 
 K 
 
 G 
 
 .NR 
 
 • Ceni 
 
 • (•nl 
 
 • Ceni 
 
 rowa. OOVRTt. I.iuii. ^r I 
 
 •CaMnovla. irai>4ford 
 mr,4(ir. Whlteahle ... ^ 
 r„l.tr fli.iif. J.'hKBuu. 
 
 ( y,|.i,' Mill,. <iri-eu« 
 
 1 i.larvUk, hlrphenaoii t, 
 mctw'i ll.wl*. UhbII' 
 (^«nt«)<)ii.i^Htpplieiw<.n s; 
 %rtHin; TBBBweU,,. 
 
 • r(A(#i-ri(f«, Unindir , 
 
 x'entral city, Marlm 
 
 •nlrallB, Uarlun 
 _ entral Park, c<».k .. >. 
 
 >ntre. H«'li<i)r|er 
 
 BCfnira/'ol'il, Knot.. 
 
 '»nire «(.!(/'. (aea i|«ei.,i<t 
 
 eiiiretille, Puit 
 
 VfHUrrtlU, (are Br|uH.|i.,.. 
 
 • OiitrPvllleBtaiUin.hi ( i ■> 
 •CerroUordo, Plait. , . 
 iChadwlek, Carroll.,, s 
 Chainn Brldia. M»nr»« -^ 
 
 • ChallarotnlMt, Maiou,. ,, 
 ( haiiilterahurgli, Pikf 
 I lianitiraL Wllliaiiiaiiii 
 
 • ChaniMlfn.i liampaiKii 
 rA'iriipfH, lJ*lnirabin 
 
 • Chana,Osl« 
 
 • ('*ilN'Jrrr,<'ooll > 
 
 • ChaudlefTtlle.CaM 
 
 i^banuahon. Will ^ 
 
 • Chapin, Moriaa 
 
 • Chapman, Montaumrry 
 
 • fA..;-,r>»'j; f.Nik ^ 
 
 • ' liafliT. Vrnnlllon. .. 
 
 • I'harleaton, Co 
 
 l'<H)ria 
 
 • Clialtiaiit. BanBBinoo . r 
 
 • CbaUirortli, UnllMptiii i. 
 
 • ChaiUD, Adaina w 
 
 Cliaiiiirey, Ijiwranre SK 
 
 • 4 hrtiaiiar. Iroquula K 
 
 • I .lelteuliam. Cook . \K 
 •<'^#J(fttA<ir>i f^<i. A,( i.,kSK 
 
 • Cl.^m.inK. Milbuf. s 
 
 • I lirii«>y*vlll*> Vt'rnilh.ii i 
 
 • ri]i'ni.Ht. M'Uaii . ^vi 
 mr/.rrr}f HilU. Will .St 
 
 • (''irr>y l-ilol. Kilgar K 
 
 • Ctiprry Vallry, Wlnvii'^ , s 
 
 • OhKBteir. )lando)|>ii . .- ^ 
 
 • ('liniTfli'ia MwM.ui'iii •- 
 mVtntfrr.i.f. '-off-in r 
 
 • ChratrrTlUe, Jumla*. . . K 
 
 niriiime, Ad.mi w 
 
 • < hr.inul, Ixcao i: 
 
 • <:illC'A<M>,C>wk., NKLJ 
 %l.'kir.iigo ^ AvilntlonJun- . 
 
 Cook NK 
 
 • Chlcagit M<-lifhta,Cook.. Ni; 
 
 • Chh-api I.itwn, Cook . . .. N JC 
 
 • CAIrtfTliiff, tijundy M 
 
 Chin. Hancock W 
 
 • Chlllk-uthp, PeurU... . c 
 CAovToie, iat*i Bee Crcpk > 
 
 • ChtiimBn, Kdnr K 
 
 •Ch.-lainplipr. Franklin. .. 4 
 
 • C'AurrA. haliit Clair AVI 
 
 04<'«ro, (•ee<'lilra«o) 
 
 Cincinnati, PIka W 
 
 flurinnaii, <aeo Pin Oak) .... 
 OfnUMH*. Taaeweit , c 
 
 • CIteo, Piatt i: 
 
 •Cliue, Warn* >E 
 
 mClitnaJu'tr., IriMjuota . K 
 
 • CiaanaPark, Iroqtiola. . P. 
 
 • ( Ivpr.Fuluin W 
 
 CUUrt stafn. (aeoWld'onj..') 
 CI<iro.Co|pa .. K 
 
 • Clare, IK-Xalh... M 
 
 • Claremont, Itlcbland . »V 
 Clarence, Ford 1 
 
 • Clarendon Hllla.UuPafle N)- 
 
 Clark. Jeraey (iW 
 
 Chirk Centre, Clark. .. . . . K 
 
 • ClarkdaleJuDc.flook.. S^ 
 
 Clarke City, Kankakee ¥. 
 
 mVlark'M, C.Kik NB 
 
 • Clarkadalo.t hrlillan i; 
 
 Clarkaon, Wnyno HK 
 
 • Clay Ctty.i lay S 
 
 CUy'a Prairli'. Kdcar K 
 
 • Ctaytoo, Adaina W 
 
 • ClaytonTUlp, IroquoU R 
 
 riear Creak. Putnam N 
 
 Cleone, Ctarx K 
 
 cneveland, llenrr NW 
 
 Cllff.1 ale. Calhoun W 
 
 • ^((/■lon.C.wk SK 
 
 • Cltrion, Ir<><|Uoli K 
 
 mciiflon Tfrrae*. Uta\f i^ f 
 
 • Clinton, DeWttt C 
 
 • Cftntonct/ftf. Kane N 
 
 • C(fa((i. Adama w 
 
 • C(ur«, Randolph sW 
 
 • Clorerdale, DnPagc NK 
 
 ChriTTUI«. Shelby C 
 
 • ('lybnuni Jiinrltoii.C'MkSE! 
 
 • < lyde, CO..L VK 
 
 %t:il/'lft UacniiplQ i: 
 
 • r.'fHif/riMncWNfic.Orui <li V 
 
 • <'(Ki( CAKt.-. Witt NE 
 
 • Coal City, tirundy N 
 
 mCoal Mtnei, Will NK 
 
 • CVdl Shaft. Bansamou c 
 
 • Oo.i( rror*, USflll.-.,. N 
 •Coal Valley, lt«<-k Ulamisw 
 CiKiinile. LltliiK'ton i' 
 
 • OooJrf/;«Jurt>-..UvluKi>l' M' 
 
 • Coatibursh, Adatna W 
 
 •Coh<1.>n, L'lilou 4 
 
 Gockrrll. Stephenaon NW 
 
 • CofTcpn, MontKotnery ^' 
 
 Cohn.Llark K 
 
 • Ci-tp Orfn*. Jackaou ... s 
 
 • Cnli-tiratpr, McUonouKh W 
 
 Culdtimok, warren W 
 
 CuU Imu. Mpteer SW 
 
 • Coli'hour, Cook .s' K 
 
 mt.'uUmaH, Kane N 
 
 •Cole*. Moultrie c 
 
 CojM, Clinton S 
 
 ColPta. Whltealrte N W 
 
 • Coltai. MrUan -W 
 
 %(:omtra, Peoria i" 
 
 ^Comntbtirgk, Johoaon -^ 
 
 • CollIiiavlUe, Madlaon... '■' 
 
 • Colniar, klcDnuouirh ... ^^ 
 
 • l^luna Buuon, Henry . s ^ 
 Colorado. Pope ^ 
 
 • Columbia, Mimrne ,-W 
 
 %Culuinbiafia, Ureene w 
 
 ('ohiiiibna, Adami W 
 
 CoUmbrn, (»ee Wool) 
 
 • Colu^ llancoek W 
 
 • '•„/,(„. IvKalb S 
 
 • Colvlii Park. DeRalb ... M 
 
 • ruKibJ.VirlfrA, PUIt «' 
 
 • CtiilUT, M^t'uuplii C 
 
 Commrnlal point, Al'a'in!' ' S 
 
 Como. WhiltMlde .'-rtf 
 
 t.'oiiinroinUf. 4 haUipalKii . ^■ 
 
 • (%.ioptou. 14m >> 
 
 • (.'uifij/ix-t, Madlaou r 
 
 • ('onant. Perry 1 
 
 • O'ucord, Mor)(ma.. 
 
 • CtiMf.tlalut Clair... 
 
 •"(.R 
 
 
 . HW 
 
 
 
 V.">-.i'. 
 
 
 
 
 p,.,W.<4.lt. 
 
 tkl,». 
 
 
 '.... '■ 
 
 
 
 L l('<'k l*ian<' 
 
 
 »>m.m«,» 
 
 .. H 
 
 iJ.iOKxKin. 
 
 
 
 
 iir„V 
 
 ..NW 
 
 ;i...fc 
 
 
 ^ruDdj- 
 
 
 
 
 HW 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 KW 
 
 a. WKalh 
 
 
 
 
 
 BW 
 
 .hhpii))'... 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 HahaiA.. 
 
 
 
 \t\ltnty . 
 
 
 N 
 
 rufldy . . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ir<l, Wllllat 
 
 ■«m , ■» 
 
 toaper . ., 
 ; FraiikllD., 
 
 ..mbrrlaiid ... 
 
 r, Mrl/an 
 
 ainiHii 
 -If. If 
 
 IWlU). . 
 
 . ..8W 
 
 -eUtljJ 
 
 jirj/V «(Lean ftW 
 [ji-(Vff.(»eeCryiUlL 
 Jlah*. HtIlpnry.,.N 
 
 ^ N 
 
 if iji..f-p Carrie r*! Ma. 
 
 Jlfnircl C 
 
 \, i»pphiinirine) ... 
 
 rek. Jiihuaon 8 
 
 ,_ i>rlf.iu.(lKllalll)HR 
 LCarmll NW 
 
 I, llamniun .,, 
 
 ESteplirnMi'n ... 
 
 mmUtuo 
 
 bty, llauowk.., 
 KKy, Miiultrle.. 
 Kfilephrnaun..., 
 itiiip, CIlDtun.. 
 bBalle 
 
 IR. (leeMcCluiky).. 
 
 toil. t>alDt Clair. SW 
 
 1,K intClalr....sW 
 
 .liik K 
 
 lUlUII N 
 
 ^r, Uaton g 
 
 liHeiidrraoQ W 
 
 ■"H NR 
 
 wk.TaieiU'll... C 
 
 LUhP SB 
 
 V.iirir{M>p(:ainou11 
 
 ■. wniiMidf.NW 
 
 LJlfkKi! 
 
 (.IVKalt) 
 
 „1. llaiiillUin.. 
 
 lNc>ui 
 
 IPlitt 
 
 i-ll... 
 
 & 
 
 & 
 
 LTaif 
 Mtrugpiu.. 
 
 . eW 
 
 bV.WillluiiK.u 
 
 ....8 
 
 y'^n 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 t. \Vhlteild(.. 
 ilUnriwk .... 
 
 NW 
 
 
 
 
 Jo Itarlna 
 
 NW 
 
 m.-',Jol>aVi 
 
 
 
 W 
 
 .ankikee 
 
 
 , Jarktun 
 
 ....8 
 
 liiH.Cook 
 
 NR 
 
 
 
 
 
 itianipalun ... 
 Ijumit ..... 
 
 ...K 
 
 Enogham .... 
 
 ...8 
 
 Ki.(ininily .... 
 
 
 
 .8W 
 
 m 
 
MAP INDEX OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 itp 
 
 ittU 
 
 Vw ■ 
 
 rla 
 
 
 L Jflhnmn 
 
 1 
 
 MmllBon,. 
 
 '■ ^*, 
 
 [>.>ii»u8h . . 
 
 \\ 1 
 
 on, HcDiT. 
 
 s\V 9 
 
 IP — 
 
 I(.nrf>p..... 
 
 W J 
 
 .Oreecc.. 
 
 
 kina 
 
 w > 
 
 eeWuol).. 
 
 
 i.--k 
 
 . w 1 
 
 •Il> 
 
 s " 
 
 . IH-IUIb . . 
 
 S i 
 
 A. PlWt.. 
 
 .. L" ' 
 
 unt'ArJi'ii 
 
 t.rS 1 
 
 rte 
 
 
 l.ftUipttllttl 
 
 "i i 
 
 lBiUfc)ii".V," 
 
 
 r/ 
 
 <rtf»'> 
 
 W 1* 
 
 :uir 
 
 6« » 
 
 louiiTT. Wl-tl. W 
 
 
 ftH 
 
 < ,]..))•'> sw 
 
 ,6 
 
 
 ■ III 
 
 
 
 > c 
 
 Toa 
 
 ft 
 
 fe 
 
 ) N 
 
 s 
 
 li.Vim.,,,.,.,, H E 
 
 P'";.™- uJ, ,5 
 
 jduit, HillUinionK »M 
 
 ETr.i.>ll. 8 
 
 U 
 
 MnVrlud K 
 
 15 
 
 KcUui «W 
 
 !>} 
 
 b...^-.n-.:*" 
 
 & 
 
 ?;r".r"U 
 
 .£ 
 
 Wiil«l.ir 8W 
 
 & 
 
 Wm>.»'>M t' 
 
 L(W« 1l'«t)) 
 
 X 
 
 w^. U.K-ao 8W 
 
 X 
 
 ltMV'i7.iM>frrriUlU.)X 
 
 [;k..M.llrnrr .,N 
 
 TBI 
 
 ^*«Ju..fiWii, Ur- 
 
 X 
 
 ui;.i;;.".''.V'.'.'.'.'.'.w 
 
 1.114 
 
 U*lnctton ^r 
 
 M) 
 
 nCooli NK 
 
 3.0W1 
 
 M.Vbil-ii.CuokyiC 
 
 « 
 
 .bnpmon c 
 
 IW 
 
 yi;;.4ir«c>rrl(r'iMi. 
 
 X 
 
 
 X 
 
 L iwohtmirllie) ... 
 
 i 
 
 li,.y..u»rt« V 
 
 imr^riLifi C 
 
 100 
 
 hrk. Will NK 
 
 IW 
 
 rmV H 
 
 ISO 
 
 C...-k SB 
 
 X 
 
 *»li, J..hii»i>n 'A 
 
 ,rFin<-t<<"i.()allillliS)C 
 
 i 
 
 .firnill NW 
 
 g 
 
 .KlH>i W 
 
 D.IUinllluti a 
 
 Ml 
 
 .gl^phfnWi'.'.V.NW 
 
 ,& 
 
 LnuU « 
 
 X 
 
 Stjf.Iltur.K-k W 
 
 m 
 
 tiij. Mi'Uimo r. 
 
 SJl 
 
 iHUpiirniiin NW 
 
 ISO 
 
 Isillf. nimun » 
 
 icu 
 
 tf,*\\t s 
 
 m 
 
 iiJI. l-ilDtCUIr. liW 
 iiClUT,...8W 
 
 ((/•.tr*. Couk.NK X 
 
 UrhFttMO NW 4M 
 
 t.ril»B,0|le N SOU 
 
 .-■trrr B X 
 
 I^KtUKamon V, BOO 
 
 i<',i:<- N luo 
 
 EUMlIf N 233 
 
 lir.MiroO B K.M1 
 
 kHcDilrnob W aa 
 
 .NK X 
 
 t.Tuewtll C m 
 
 LUk< NB IM 
 
 V.llH/ iH^I-:*inoii'li 
 ■. WhitMidf .NW 
 
 ...NK 
 
 I ml 
 
 |Fkr.|.n.lAt^lle..K 
 
 ' "ilhoun W 
 
 j|Ch*mpilfni R 
 
 kJuliMjn s 
 
 lIi^Kilt) ..N J.ST9 
 
 Jl. HaiiillUiD 8 
 
 IMcl^tn HW 
 
 iPUtl (■ 
 
 T-TlH-wrll U I.IM 
 
 Hitoopiu C 
 
 sw 
 
 i.'U N 
 
 IMamnBd Uk«. ?*li« ^J 
 
 /*i.i«»rffMi J/i»t»». V»(tillk.n|e 
 A [IK k'rwm, < hiniiMtfii K 
 mtiuHv': Kftnttax''* . K 
 
 Sr>iMtnrti, limui^ !■■> >* 
 
 ;niJ.iii. T«ww' II . '' 
 
 ■ lnil*burih.(,liiittpw«u K 
 
 iDlmmkk,Uli>ll« K 
 
 rTmiifc CojM. , ■ " 
 
 triMm, HiBn<rlt .W 
 riKiriKin. Hannnoa C 
 
 Ihrlitf, .Irffcrwm n 
 
 ^iHHit*, Oniuilr K 
 
 #|tn, Jt-Bi-rmxi 1 
 
 «|»lii>li,L«*.......-. .■ J* 
 . '. la.F. . ..a Allan Smm t 
 
 -.■•■Vf-r, 
 
 hilMiUgk.. 
 
 . fnl'.i 
 
 ,.NK 
 
 #lN.ll|^.n 
 
 • houBrlt^'N. M<inl«am«rr <; 
 
 i Homn*iimi: I lark K 
 
 ■ IXKiuvan, 1 ruqnol*. , 9 
 
 Z pirunt Cro—int. CiOm. . . K 
 
 i iKiR-hMtvr, MaoiUpiR (J 
 
 i nnnrr, MaillMio .0 
 
 :iK...fVKn,., W 
 
 Ih.ualii*. M ( lair "W 
 
 #/i.,htfM»/''"*,t'"<'k . NK 
 
 • NK 
 
 ..M 
 
 #i>..*iirr'*()rrtr,f>ur 
 
 • Ihiwiia, KfrUan i 
 
 7t;».,rillf. Kaixlolph I 
 
 %lhukf, Urf^ne 
 
 • l>rtt»r. ruettP 
 
 {imvvn. Jtmrml 
 firwiHrnmiA Will 
 
 I>rury, Rnrk IiUHil 1 
 
 Drrdi-a, JaSknon 
 
 Iiu^Hh, Mnnifomtri 
 
 • Duhtila, WiiMufton 
 
 f Itudlar, Kdnr 
 
 nmllar""'''' ""'n't ■ 
 
 hunhitr, titfphciiaiin .... I 
 
 • ItiiiK-an.hUrk 
 
 9;)iii<n)'i'«, OiUaUli 
 
 t)u,Kau'a UllU. FttlloB.... 
 
 • Ifuurauvllle, (TawforJ . 
 
 • thiDiti*, UkhUnil 
 
 iiumfdrniuiHi. Fnllon W 
 
 • Iiunkel, ClinallaD C 
 
 illuntap, Frciha (' 
 
 hunUuK >•*■<• V: nul)ii(|ii() .. 
 Diinti. M..ullrl.i « 
 
 • l>uniilnf.< '"'k NIC 
 
 l)upaf», '■111 NR 
 
 • Au|K»<i.(<'uk NK 
 
 »I)u'iuiiln, PrrrjF 9 
 
 • Durftnd,Wliihr)M«< N 
 
 nofhamril^urwlt W 
 
 />iir/*v, lloDil 8 
 
 /h((rAffoHowJr(« M.St, cr raw 
 
 • Dwif ht, Uvtnnttin C 
 
 Silalikf. Will NK 
 
 Rula Point. OkIx N 
 
 • FfiTtvlllf>, L«Kallii V 
 
 Karlr I'awn. I-'f » 
 
 • Kaahurn, IroquMta 
 
 ^Crltl finUiTin, Ktua... 
 nilurlinrnn. Kaua... 
 SE. CaiwOirarartu, AIn'rH 
 R. CBn)Ddeli'i, h\. rUIr HW 
 
 • fdlf canton. UhllealdrNW 
 fjal titratur, klaroii . 
 
 >R.Ditbaqua,.lo)>ar 
 
 ^l■l/>wnd(^ KiUK.. 
 
 .. W 
 
 f~ £■«*! joUtt, Will N K 
 (lal /.oiiMi'iifi, I'lke W 
 
 • EiulLjiiu. Vinnllloii K 
 
 KmI Nrwl.crn. .J^rwj" BW 
 
 A'-AVrtV''']""* HlnTinin 
 
 SiKattiiii. Maaon 
 >*t I'aw i'tw, lifKalb . 
 
 • Kaat frorla, T.wwi-11 V. 
 
 • K4*tria1<'. Kaiif N 
 
 ?hnH Ai«A/<wil,W'nfliaicii N 
 ■ i*t HmtbimULnQV NK 
 
 SYmx ax. l^tiU,S(. C'lalr. . MW 
 ut Whratlinil, Will NR 
 
 Katon. frawfori ....8K 
 
 FIberk, EtniiRham 8 
 
 FddjfTlllc. I'ow; B 
 
 • fJdelatclti. PeorU .C 
 
 • Ellen. I'ruriB C 
 
 «K.liraf. Mirar B 
 
 • Kilirrwatrr, t.'iMik NK 
 
 • Kilgewo'Ml. rmnirhatn.... 8 
 fc'iltflurUin. Kot-lc ItlaDd..NW 
 
 • hdliiliuntli. Chrlattau 
 
 SiEdl»oDl-:'rk,<u..k NK 
 rtmunris.llirtr.K^k W 
 
 • Kdwanla. ['torla C 
 
 • Edward^vlllp, MarilaonC 
 
 aon V, 
 
 % li(ht»riltT''eJuHeHoH, kladl- 
 Hon C 
 
 • RfflnBliani, EfllnRliaiii. tl 
 
 • Rffner. Iru-juola K 
 
 • Kgauiltv, (Htle N 
 
 • *■«("■«. '-■'*lt ■ ■ . ■ N K 
 
 " JicgUilon, C<jok . 
 
 NW 
 
 ittlmwiml. Pmh*. , 
 Kl Haaii, W.-ilfofti . 
 klaah. .Ii-ra*/ .- . 
 riMioii, i.x.d 
 kltmrr*, I imk ...,■ ■ ■■ 
 KlvtflUlhiii. IMValU.. 
 KItatti'n. llai,r(W«. .. 
 ivira. .1 ihnMin 
 
 :f;i»iti. M«-<.i 
 f:i«..,.l. Will ... 
 
 NK 
 
 8 
 
 NW 
 
 Kinilrn, |i-fflii , 
 
 ilirn-ili, WlilickUc, 
 
 • Kiiirrv. Mari.n 
 
 tlCmliiu(*.ii. |JHn«tto 
 miiia, Willi* 
 
 • r.m|dr», Ut'I.Mii.... 
 
 nudor. Will ... ,.,.. .NH 
 
 :Knfl)-ld, Wliilr ..It 
 K^,l.i J u ft- l.uH.VtMtt UK 
 
 • K.iHi.-«....t. r.Hik NK 
 
 Khtflrwix.d lliiHhU, iVih NK 
 KnNllah l>rairl«, Ucll'iiry . . H 
 h.iZ.».r»lh-a W 
 
 • A'noi, Mar<iii|du U 
 
 KiiL-rprUf, Wa>u9 HR 
 
 • »'.U.|fi>raii« NK 
 
 • A'(i|>«r«"i. Urltunuuiti ..W 
 
 • titlualltT, liallaUn VR 
 
 fKrip, Wtillrald NW 
 ruril.Clark I 
 
 • Arii.t, I lark K 
 
 J-.i/.M.T.M.k NK 
 
 Kr.lu. MMi»lrr W 
 
 • Kir I, IM Kalh N 
 
 • K-ai-t. Knnkakn K 
 
 • Kiu>,(ul,i K 
 
 • Kuliatik*. Adan W 
 
 mk»rlhH\tfk,tuoil HR 
 
 Jui/fn*,Ki»<% W 
 
 • Kurrka, w.«MtA>rd C 
 
 fkTaiia. Manhall 
 fan» Mill. AliTiaii W 
 
 ?Kv»n.t.<Q,t.K.k NR 
 rinatlllc. lUiiilolpta HW 
 
 • iTrarft, hU'iilii'UtoO ....NW 
 
 • Kverfrren Park, t'<)(ik..NK 
 
 fKvtrtnuin, Kflln|b«iii H 
 •Ing, Pr«ukiin H 
 
 Ktmnglon, Kflliigtiaiii K 
 
 Kichuico, Marlon H 
 
 KxffUl.ir Mllf, Jo Uav a. N W 
 KietfT. Kt-ott W 
 
 • KiKur, Kaukakra h 
 
 • Pvlar. Utlupaliin 
 
 /'(Kdnjf.sprlnya. Ml. (iBlr.RW 
 
 • f"aliiiouUi,.rai|»r.. "" 
 
 • rBDCh<r. Blielbr ... 
 
 lirfrii'iii. Mnulirtr... 
 #Kal[burri Uvlniraton... 
 
 • ralrntiM. Wavnc... 
 
 f PairUnDf*. Vufti 
 
 Pair llavrn, i armll 
 
 • Falrlaiid. Ih'UitIa*... . . . 
 
 • Kaltman. MarlOD 
 
 • Kalrtiiouiii, Vrrmilliiu. 
 Fiiirtnvuni f'urk, C'lXih . . 
 
 • ralrvlrw, Kulton 
 
 mt'alrrtfui I'ark. O-ik.. 
 Xair Wrallir-r. Arlam*.... 
 
 KallCrrrk. A<Uiiia 
 U*. Ml. 
 
 .,.«i, BHeIb> 
 
 Fuirr Pr8{rti>, Meitard._ 
 
 Fanduu, McbuDoufb W 
 
 fantv, WiXKlford C 
 
 Farff.'. Ui'iwn W 
 
 • Farina, Kayclle S 
 
 • Farlow, Moultrie V 
 
 ' Fanndair-. Taicwell, . " 
 
 • FannliitPlalf, HaniraiiiAii 
 
 • FarmttigtiiD, Fultou 
 
 Farm lil<lK<-. lASallfl 
 
 >'orw#H, tiM'k ; 
 
 • Fayptt*", llrppoB 
 
 Pavriipvlllp. Ki. tlBlr 1 
 
 myttiuiuriUf. Cwik 
 
 Kfltef, (irffiii- 
 
 • FrnLin. VVIiHralilc ? 
 
 Fcrdliiaml, Itmk laUiid. .^ 
 
 • Frrnw(.<«t, look 
 
 • Krrr.ll. Kdtrar 
 
 • F<'rrla,njiin>i-1( 
 
 • Flait, Fiilli'U ., 
 
 • Firklin, ImjukU* 
 
 luv, ('hainpatftii... 
 • KalE.... 
 
 ...NR 
 
 '■.Wiliianiiiiti'. 
 
 ...a 
 
 Pfrrj 
 
 ...3 
 
 
 ..w 
 
 L WhiirilJe... 
 
 NW 
 
 JUnr^itk 
 
 . W 
 
 Hurrau 
 
 
 J«Di.lrta.... 
 
 NW 
 
 rrir', JoDan'i 
 
 NW 
 
 • 
 
 ..w 
 
 ■QkakN 
 
 ...K 
 
 JackauD 
 
 ....S 
 
 iHa,l-ook 
 
 .NR 
 
 Ik* 
 
 ...w 
 
 Irrwr 
 
 NW 
 
 M".;;; 
 
 ...K 
 
 ,..C 
 
 Eaotham . . . 
 
 ....8 
 
 Ki.OniBilT.... 
 
 ...N 
 
 1 L'rojt, It'dolpl) 
 
 .8W 
 
 l*,l*Wp..., 
 
 Elba, Oallntin SK 
 
 Eli/ri'iat. Ednar B 
 
 • Ellmro. Kaiii^ N 
 
 • EIco, Ak(aiidi;r .8 
 
 ElUarj.nkr W 
 
 #Kldrnft,Uf M 
 
 ghlftrr* Hi.UniJ. M<'U«u. .bW 
 Idi-rftllp. llaiioork W 
 
 • Kl l>onut<>, Uullur a 
 
 tEldr«l,(lreetiB W 
 Wrtrtp^Edjrar R 
 
 • Elfanor, Warrfo W 
 
 • Klrrur, HtephtuBOD NW 
 
 • IUkIii. KBue N 
 
 FUiU. Wlnnrba«o N 
 
 Kl./a, Mcnnr NW 
 
 • ElUtbi-tl], Jti OaTteaa.. NW 
 Kttanht'tlilownJUrdiu SR 
 Elk «nivr,lw>k NK 
 
 • Klhhan, liOKBD C 
 
 FlklioTii, Wiialilninon D 
 
 Klkhorn Orove, Carroll. ..NW 
 Ktk Prairie,. If fft^rauii S 
 
 • KIkvlllp.JafkBuu S 
 
 • Fllpry, Edwarda RR 
 
 KlIlnKton, Adnina W 
 
 • Elll..it, Ford K 
 
 Klll»t»l»wn, KIBnihani H 
 
 Fllladruvo, Itatidolpti 8W 
 
 Fill* Mound. Hamilton 8 
 
 Kllinoii, Warivn W 
 
 KI1I»>1I1p. FiiKon W 
 
 myilltriHf .Vf'Klon.FultOD.W 
 
 • Klliworth. Mf1«in SW 
 
 Kim Hrmmh, Waynit. ......BB 
 
 Rim GroTe,AriBma W 
 
 • Elmbnnt, Du PagB VR 
 
 ElinlrB,8urk O 
 
 KUooM, ptodB 
 
 • Ftdpiuy, Jpra*T.. 
 FiiUi- '•' 
 
 FleWun, .Irmry 
 
 Flf'-r, Wilxaii 
 
 • Flllinorp. floutvonifry.. 
 
 • Fllaou, Douttiaa 
 
 Flndlay, Ktielby 
 
 • FiDnex, Jai'kaoii 
 
 • Fluhrr, Cliampalfni 
 
 ~ FiMHrrt, Vcnillllou . 
 
 uhfr-i i: ■■ 
 
 Kluhllook. _ 
 
 Futi lakf, Bi. «:ialr 
 
 Ktthlun, Vrrmlllou .....B 
 
 Fltu mil. Franklin S 
 
 FlliRerrvl, Jrir«TMiu B 
 
 mfirti'ohitt,Vjigw K 
 
 • Flagjt. (W K 
 
 • >'iiigtf rv/.lrf, OflP M 
 
 • FlHiiJKHn, l-lMnmon ....C 
 
 • Ftiiltixk. ( raMfuTd....SR 
 
 Klat\iltt>. ( liutii|>lun K 
 
 Fk ml Dirtoii, Edgar . 
 
 iriiiiuKiuii, r.uHitr ..... 
 
 F1HllllT.>lcU«U 
 
 Flint, Hamlll >n 
 
 • Flora, ll.iy 
 
 Kloravme.ht. Clair 
 
 Flonurr. pike w 
 
 • Floreijco Statluu.Sl'ph'liN W 
 FI'Tld. Piniism K 
 
 TKiMiiiland. ciiiQiualan K 
 or.(A,i,n. CiH,k NB 
 
 • ForiatCUjr, Ma*iiu. 
 
 • ForfBidtin, (*(Mk .. 
 
 • Fort-alHill.Coiik.... 
 
 • Fi-rfHHiU. took... 
 %Fi»t»t Ho^itf. C<Mik. 
 
 • Fonnora, MadlMin.. 
 F"rr.'M, iJTlngaton ... 
 ; Korrerton. t'ltie 
 
 • Fi)r»ylh. Maron 
 
 ForlVh<frU», IlhiMlolldi . 
 FortllUI. Uke . 
 9F<>TtUthtit,Ju\.. 
 
 • >'.jr| /.ur. Jifppr.., 
 Forisherldan, lj(kr.. 
 FoMrr, ItiH-k Iiland. 
 Fo-lprburRti. MiidtMin 
 FoMrr Pond, M-iurof 
 
 • FouDlalii niuff. Jatkacin 
 
 Fouiitaltidalp. i>tilp n 
 
 FoiinUln (Incii. Hauiwk..W 
 %F«ur J/i(»Ofl»'ff,8l.crrSW 
 
 • FoMlrr. Adania W 
 
 • Fi>x. K«udall N 
 
 FoT tjikf. Uke NB 
 
 • Fc-x HirtrJtiniKoH. KaoeK 
 
 • For /tirer AtrKcA.Kam . . M 
 FoxviUe. UarluD B 
 
 JFr^nrt, Vermilion B 
 ranktort, Franklla S 
 
 rranVort, WIU KB 
 
 ..8W 
 
 ..8W 
 
 ..NW 
 
 ...NK 
 
 ".'.kw 
 
 ti.ttt NK 
 
 ..NW 
 
 ,...c 
 
 ,.bW 
 
 awn. CKlOXTf. IBOBI, 
 
 fof 
 
 FfBnkfl.MaiBKon. Will NK 
 
 ■mn 
 
 Fraoklln. M'^rgau W 
 
 •.n 
 
 :h 
 
 >iiklin I'wit. Iltrdlu... BK 
 
 m 
 
 iiiki, li.K.II. ...SI 
 
 f. 
 
 • ..■f.Wu.U' IK 
 
 
 »-(.d>'rli h.^t i...)l«r W 
 
 IM 
 
 »r.d 4. Wllll«niar.n. ...» 
 
 IW 
 
 FrnhiifBh, (*t. < lair .. kW 
 rppili.m. Ijiialla......... N 
 
 M« 
 
 lilt 
 
 >■",,-„.. Ran.' N 
 
 
 KifriHir!.Ht.pti»na<.ii .SW 
 
 io.irt 
 
 • ^Mirli \iLlrtM. Kl CIMIXW 
 
 FriMi.l iirotr, W.il.aah. .. UK 
 
 Ffirixlinll'.. Wabaah 8K 
 
 Frotfl >)U). I lini « 
 
 • *;.„.(,, M„- (h,|'a*e... .SK 
 
 iFf...t. »h.,.,.,„ C 
 
 fiijiftit,.ir,((i. imi'airt..., Nl 
 Fi.lirr.r.i.... ...IP K 
 
 • i..iirfi...i. i.,-»iit.. ., n 
 
 iK<ilt,.fi. t\ 1,11, .1.1(1.. ..ftW 
 iF',ll„„.lHH>- .WIulMldrNW 
 
 • ^||•>l< rr. K.mniham . H 
 
 • Junior.,. I*. Mi'laau HW 
 
 • A-./.j..,.. ., ht. llHir . hW 
 
 • llxifllll, lo l>u<tiM 
 
 • '-.|(r.,.iy«,.r JuKata, 
 
 JflNti-alMtruh, Kiiol. . 
 .-...Mil,-, run... 
 
 mOiiUuuo,l.t,.uk ... 
 Oallaiihflr, Rlrhland.. 
 
 • lUIUiia, r-alliir 
 
 t)«llo\t.i}, |.at4>iir. .. 
 
 • <Ulr. Willi. 
 
 ;.i5 
 
 . NK 
 
 ,..KW 
 
 u 
 
 'Uglaa... 
 
 • ''"""<- Vftiy 
 
 • <i4h*. Menrv 
 
 llano, I,.., k 
 
 Itaptii'iVc. \jt9 
 
 • ((orlK-r, FonI E 
 
 • darilea Plala.Wlille'e ..NW 
 
 Jilardpii Prairlp. lioon*. . . , N 
 <J«r.lner Wruihlr N 
 
 • ',.(». (■!«■'* /'.I.*, <.wk.,NK 
 (iirirapiiint, WabAib HR 
 
 • (iarllrld, U Ralln N 
 
 f/ur/fr/.l /'(ir*. ( .Aik NK 
 
 llarlaiul. Fdgar K 
 
 • ilarrplt,l><>u|iaa K 
 
 • r;iiMt('(«, Halu. cUlr.. 
 
 0'Jitrv, Cook 
 
 r/rirv, lMi« tjetiimiv).., 
 
 f;,Nrll/«, JirkMiii 
 
 0<Jiill.>it, tMuitaiiOB.. 
 
 • i/'fwgi^f, Will 
 
 • Oaya, Mnulirie 
 
 • '/<f. WBjne 
 
 •tlriifMHi llptiry 
 
 • f/«ri*t, AlniiPttato 
 
 • (Iftnrva, Knue 
 
 0tlfnt>-i s<rii<k, Kbm;.... 
 
 • Upiki^ DrKalb 
 
 • dporxriown, VeriulUoB. 
 
 • HfrlDw.Warrpii 
 
 • f;<fiii>iH Friih-i*, ».an|'n. 
 
 • Ucriiianii<wn,4 Itauin ... 
 (irriiiaul'ifn, \rntilll«n ... 
 iJfrtttan foirn, WiMHiford,, 
 
 • (Mnnan VbIIpt, HIepli'uN 
 
 • dlbaou car, l^inl 
 
 • UlffiTd, I hanipBlgo 
 
 U t la, Jupnr. t 
 
 • Ullbcri'a Kaue 
 
 0mm>dt, HruwD 
 
 OllthriJii, Mi-rcer N 
 
 (illcad. ('alboun 
 
 •<> lll>-»iile, Macoupin ...... 
 
 %m\utu. Will N 
 
 • (illlnm, Mi-Uan 8 
 
 • iilliiian, Iruiiuole 
 
 (lllmL-r. Lake > 
 
 m(f'i!'f»-r. Emngbain 
 
 • (iiltoii, Knoi 
 
 • irirnrd, Macoupin 
 
 9(.iifi,. Look h 
 
 • It li'l tlone, lleitdonoQ . . . . 
 
 Uluftord, PfurlB 
 
 laaKow. HfotI 
 
 ,jr;rrn'(Al, Jackaun 
 
 • OlrBarm.aaugamun 
 
 GiKnburn. VerTDllloa 
 
 • <i|en Carbon, MadlaoD ... 
 
 • r. li'iirDP, Cook ' 
 
 (ll.n.blr.Pope 
 
 • (ileii Kilvn. DuPaKe.. 
 «(ilrt>»o<v,l, Couk 
 
 • f.Jf.6*-. Cook 
 
 SOodrrPT, Uadlauo.... 
 adieu, Wn fit: 
 
 tlOTMlvllle, Cook N K 
 
 (InlcniiaA, Pope 8 
 
 tJ,il''<iti,f I Ittitnd, Popp H 
 
 • Oi'idi'ii. Adania W 
 
 Dulilcn Kaule, Calhoun W 
 
 •UohlentJBle. Wayue 8K 
 
 • tjoo-lfuow. Will N K 
 
 • Ooudrirld, Woodford. C 
 
 • Oood Hope, UcDunougti . W 
 Ooodlim'aUrore. Will SK 
 
 • Oo<Kltk-b. Kankakee K 
 
 • Go<Hlwliie, Iniquola F, 
 
 (Joooe Uland. Aleiaiuler 8 
 
 froixe liUin-i, Cook KB 
 
 •Uonlou, Crawford bE 
 
 Uorevtlle, Johuun S 
 
 • Gotten. White SK 
 
 Gower, DuPage , 
 Oriir/ /fi'irf. Cook.. 
 
 mnt**it-t -fi'lu-H. Mariiu 4 
 •Ur»PHup, I MmbprUii'l .R 
 iOrfriua H'll ( uiii><erla'itlR 
 Orten«ale, J'llWMMa KW 
 
 • Or'><>N Vallrr. Tati-wrll . V. 
 
 ■atapiif ivw, alpiiBrd <' 
 
 Orv*n»lll#. H<>n>l . • 
 
 J'T.'.Hii-f*, KankBkr* .. .¥. 
 rMM-<M<l. MLllanr; M 
 
 • '■i'(/tf» JiaPaire NR 
 
 ari'tiiaiii. Ft«nhllH * 
 
 • Gtrihi. pKl'aHP .. . NR 
 
 • drldlrv, M. I«8ii ... HW 
 Grill... Mrr.'f NW 
 
 :ur.m /.I. ' Itrk 
 lUriiKaoili'. Plki- 
 
 'ifll/tff'll" /.'''if.lH 
 
 Grliiii>-ll, Maiaar 
 
 '""nr;; 
 
 !«)>. 
 
 iipo Wiipulf),. 
 
 mfJrU.r.>iU I'll' f. HI. 
 Zr;rr»...(. KinhokM 
 f}r»M,hili, C<«)k .... 
 
 Ni.cialrtW 
 
 J«ft.r«, T-''«tll C 
 r-.foClly.t htlaiian V 
 
 • l)MVplBlMl,YB(»1lrpli,. ....(; 
 tlmvpr, Fiimr , K 
 
 : thttt rr-$S'»n.>H, HarrBH N 
 nriil>l>,.la(li*nn R 
 
 Out{f-i'i. .Ill |i«tlru ... NW 
 
 • diirorr, 1 «k>- NR 
 
 • •^..rri-V, I IM W 
 
 i//''.'(i»v? Pike. '.'.".. ■■■■*./,W 
 
 • iligBiiiiiii. Maroapiti V, 
 
 • lUinirai.iM'n, Fayetl*. . .H 
 
 • W.(i/crt«. ( tM W 
 
 niiin-Ultr, Uke NR 
 
 »ll.i,i,f,i,llf. Taieftell... n 
 (i/iNiin'in. Whileald*... NW 
 
 • IlalilanP.Ojilp ... N 
 
 llalf Hay. Ul<" NK 
 
 llalliH k, IV'.fIa, V. 
 
 Jttf'ill*. p,-.>fl* C 
 (.f(«(i^"->i,lM'eGBtBtl«) , 
 
 • llnlliMIl''. Ix-Wltt 
 
 iTambaryU. < alhouu W 
 
 llamrl, Miii|l*->u n 
 
 • ManillLon. Ilincoek .... W 
 llamlet, Mcrrrr , 
 
 . NW 
 
 .jBnitnork, Hamili<in 8 
 
 •HBiniitond, Plati (; 
 
 i//ammniol^wur . took. NK 
 •llBinpahirp, Kaufl N 
 
 • //diNiiloii.WIII NK 
 
 it/amploH, Mniilirif V 
 
 Jtllampion. It<xk l>I«iid NW 
 ^llnp^.n.VM .(»*■<• luinn). ... 
 //-(n(im..n, Whltrai.|#..,,NW 
 
 ltiinnnk. (tfo ( arthaget 
 
 ll*[idy.Cra»f«rti;. MR 
 
 • llatinal Ity. Pmrla C 
 
 Tl'ir,. 
 
 • //.ii 
 
 «1 
 
 NR 
 .NB 
 
 .NK 
 
 NK 
 
 Una. lAke NK 
 
 • n rafou, Jeraey B W 
 
 r;i,iMii<'A.i(n, PuUakI s 
 
 • a rand CToaalng. Cook , . N B 
 
 G rand Detour, Ogle S 
 
 •Grnntl Ridge, LaBalle .,.,N 
 
 • Utaud Tower. Jackaon....S 
 urand View. Edgar B 
 
 • rA-a)i0a//ir(,J'Bck*on 8 
 
 • Granger, Du Pace NB 
 
 •lA-uril, kankakce B 
 
 Grant. WlUlamaon 8 
 
 Oraulfork. Madlano C 
 
 • Grant Park, KankBkeB...B 
 •Grautthurgh, Johnaoo ....8 
 
 Oram H'orlU,C<«k NB 
 
 UfBavlllc, Putnam N 
 
 •MfQpit Creek, VennUlon ..K 
 
 UraaalJike, Uica NR 
 
 Vniti l.-tif. MrHennf N 
 
 • GraM Liiid, KalntClalr. tiVt 
 
 mtinnfl fit. Aleiander 8 
 
 %f}rartt I'll SUllvff, DeWlttU 
 %'Jrtiulund, Cook NB 
 
 • Grayinont, LivlngBton C 
 
 • Gray's Uke.Uike NR 
 
 •Grayvllle, Wtilte SB 
 
 iarayniuJune.. EdwardaSB 
 fMjy II'iHnw. (»eo Waaco)..,. 
 
 Oretrnbuah, Warren W 
 
 %Ortentlnlf. Marlon ^ 
 
 •OreenOeld, Orepne^ W 
 
 Green Garden. Will. .*..., NB 
 
 QreeiiOiik, Biima N 
 
 ftrvca Itlver, Henr7 NW 
 
 ..SW 
 
 ...,0 
 
 ItDiTllle, Vermllioa , , 
 
 I.W^ 
 
 & 
 
 A 
 
 
 NW 
 
 tialnl Clair.. .8W 
 '7.. (»..»,. loUa'aNW 
 
 J'>//r"'*"N.M,.ll7 i: 
 lm<v li.-UoT. Jiork lai'dNW 
 ?i IIi»i>PV>\ttf. Greeno W 
 lardlti, Calhoun W 
 
 Ilardtl1avl^)^ Crawfurtt ....8B 
 IUrker't(<irn8rB,reorw... c 
 //.irl/ri,C(M»k.j NK 
 
 • Harlem, Winnebign N 
 
 • Harmon, l^-e .. N 
 
 //()rm0nv. BalnK'laIr 8W 
 
 Ilarniony, Mrllenrj N 
 
 • Harixr.Oale M 
 
 fliin>frtUt'; (M-B Ptah ilook) . 
 
 • HarpaUi-, Ford R 
 
 J»//pi<-ri*, Plait W 
 hirrithiirj. (w-e Itna« Htll) . . 
 
 • flarrlahurvh.BjIlDo. . . .8 
 
 %li,ii-Hmn. Jiu'kMin 8 
 
 lliirrlfin. Wumetiago N 
 
 )la^T1ll'l.^l:t•■, MunnK)... 
 
 • IlarrUtown. Maiou... 
 
 //.irf, Kmn 
 
 liar'i'.rd, Halinn 
 
 • llaitland.Mvllenry... 
 
 • Ilartfbunrh. Loftn..., 
 Unnavllli-, I'.ipe » 
 
 • Harv;.,il. MrHennr N 
 
 • //.)ri..iil ./.<i>p-..kfcH'nrr N 
 
 • Harvtl. M.iiiig'unery U 
 
 • Harvey, tm.k NB 
 
 • //fimomf, CbainpBlgn ....K 
 
 IMaelwfMMt, Adam* W 
 
 UntUngt. Calhoun vt 
 
 Huniiniit, (aeaChlcogu) 
 
 llavllitRii, Vrrniltlon K 
 
 llalt'iii. Clark ...K 
 
 • llHVnna. Maaon NW 
 
 • lUv.i.i(k.(<-ok..... 
 
 lUwlrv. Ui-hry 
 
 %lt,vi!'v. Ta^i-well... 
 
 • Ila'vahorn. Wlill« »k 
 
 • //■tirihomf, i'ook, SK 
 
 tl-i.rrille, I roquolB K 
 
 • Ilayc4, Iiougla' K 
 
 • HtinforiL Coo k KB 
 
 • llayiiffl. Jeraey BW 
 
 • Harel Pell, Cumb«rl4nd . R 
 
 SllBielhunil, Carroll NW 
 aim. Adaini w 
 
 Iltiiitil. Horklitand 
 
 • Henley. lJiiln|t*lon ,. 
 Il-nntvllle, Crawford . 
 
 • tlebriin. Mellcnry ... 
 Iteek.T, M'liuoc 
 
 • IleBp-wlM-h. Cook r. 
 
 Hellitburrfli. F.ii""o 
 
 • HeiiderM.ii. Kno« l 
 
 • Menilerwin FUtlon. Ford. . 
 
 • IteudrlT. MrUan 8' 
 
 ll*>nnfrlii, I'litnam 
 
 • MennliiK, Vennillon 
 
 • //eHrt'»-i. IJfKalh 
 
 • Henry, Maraball 
 
 llenb'U.Bhelbjr 
 
 Herald, IMilte S 
 
 • Herbert. Ilnone 
 
 • Heiborn, Bhclby 
 
 • Hennnn, kiiov 
 
 • lienniiaa, Cuok N 
 
 Herod ijprlnga.l'o pa 
 
 Ilrron. IlHiiillUin 
 
 • Hrrrlrk, bhelhy.. 
 llarrHraPralrlr. WllllBmaonM 
 
 • Ilprtrher. Kankakee K 
 
 • Iler'mau, Hruwn W 
 
 UertfvVUy. (aeeOuilen) 
 
 • HeUIck, MaconplB C 
 
 • Heyworth, McLean. ... .SW 
 
 • Hickman, Iroquola R 
 
 Hlrk')ry. Uke NB 
 
 • m'lori/f.rore, larrull NW 
 
 Hickory Hill, Marlon B 
 
 Hickory Ut'lRe. Hancock . . W 
 Hli-ka. tiardlu SK 
 
 • HldalRo. Jaaper.. 
 
 
 NW 
 
 ..NW 
 
 .,8W 
 
 c 
 
 SB 
 
Ill 
 
 I'n-'' 
 
 'l'< 
 
 M 
 
 MAP INDEX OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 llllRtilaiKl, M*lll*nR ... 
 illtftiuuil fnik Uh* 
 i//l|fA<i|n>f«, UmI'M*' 
 
 i//it/« fuitrtf. H ( Ulr 
 
 mt\ .«» lift, •■•Kill Ulr 
 
 
 Hiait"""'', tor 
 
 nniMrt'ih. k<l 
 III, rnir-at. 
 
 J 
 
 nni-tv, \ I r<i.lli<.ii K 
 
 ,i(|..fY,T«.r*rU.... r 
 
 lllllaLtrfMiJili, Moi.u'iC 
 ll>ll'<hl» lt>r(l llUn<l,,>IW 
 III lOmir, nil thllHIUlh ..W 
 
 illalilo. I .">h MR 
 
 illll-t, T><>»rll 1) 
 
 • Kalb 
 
 II.. I>.>II||M. 
 'I'««» 
 
 feH»l<-..iiil>. Otfif. 
 ill.'I'lT. M> rrll 
 
 HtM**i. <.-< OraniPirll) .. 
 
 jr. 
 
 IliiUiiwajvUlc, hurrau 
 
 //Al/y, (ar^* Inrr. 
 
 IflifaMM, jDhlKKrII 
 
 //ottialn, Karir , 
 
 fH..lt«.VrrrT 
 
 |//..mJVrrT 
 
 laniratm . 
 
 • 11-1 
 
 • It.T 
 
 • Hoiii-T HfihI, Miiul|piinflr|(' 
 Mi.iirrrnfh.dKl.. N 
 
 • MixHhillf.llaDillbm H 
 
 il|<"<k, Jrffprw'i) H 
 
 #M<-<it.tiil', lti>iiil N 
 
 ~" ■ • rrinllhin. . " 
 
 il.-.piv.lf. Ml I 
 
 NW 
 
 NW 
 
 r I'nirlr, ( lajr,. 
 
 Mora, Vrntilltoii 
 
 tliipritalo.TatrWPll., 
 Hopklni. Wl.iiral.k 
 
 • tlnnhtiiaPatk. Kaiihakfi .. 
 flnplKi'aHllla, ilrn>li>rkin W 
 
 SM.,r*<-c, Kdgar K 
 tinl.Clay « 
 
 • ll'iinabr, M«<-<iuplD (' 
 
 ifloritCrtfk, >VlU NK 
 
 fforaa /Vfifrl*. tUn<l«t|<h RW 
 mH»rH.Sh»tlAtkt, Madlmon 
 ill.'rti'nNUUiiti. rtbf... W 
 SHc>i*|..n. Itaixlnlph 8W 
 
 • Hiiwanl, ('haiii|i«lBn K 
 
 flnwardavlllcHtrphoiifiM NW 
 
 • //.•ita, ]><>iitilaa K 
 
 • Mi>rlrt«it, \Va»h1nKti>D ... H 
 mt/uhtfiritt.Vk»jit« UK 
 
 • lln()Mii). Mrl.<ali HW 
 
 • Hurf. riiiiir.n H 
 
 i Huakti. l><>iiiilM< r. 
 
 lluiKra. V<\nt K 
 
 \:via't. Donflaa K 
 
 tlhill, Flkr 
 MuiiiN'<lltl>ark.aHik.. 
 
 • IliiinnoIl.Ciika.. 
 ■ Iluiitf, t:iUa'' ... 
 fliM'tO. WhltP.l'Ir.. . . 
 
 fflfumnrk. Vrriiilllun.,. 
 uiitpr llimnr 
 
 • Hinillpy. MrtlriirT., 
 
 Sllinitatliv. Jwf«r.. 
 uoutlllc, MrhurUr... 
 iHwricanrQtvia:. 
 urricanf,t*jvKt*., 
 
 . NK 
 
 KW 
 
 irk.('>K 
 
 fti/HMiihiit, Tawwfll . 
 Xuii«t|..ii vwf. uaiuun 
 
 •jHnrUon. rtk«.. 
 uii«t|>.ii vwi. UalUUn 
 
 r ( albut 
 
 rRaiiv.Urwut IT 
 an^vHli', KaiiM , N 
 
 fKai>«|rr, l«^alla N 
 
 iKaixa*. \'\nf R 
 
 i K«i>|>M. u<iMlfi>nl 
 
 iiarlx-r ■ lli'ltfa. Hanlin.. 
 • KaalMi r. l<iin>«H... 
 
 A'lia'P, IJn-rna ..,,... , 
 
 Kaakiikla. Ilandi'lpll i 
 
 It, llnl 
 
 . M.illai.ii , 
 
 ■rn.i.i.rKh. V 
 tvill-, Wa)ii. 
 
 
 kKrltl»huritli. Man-rr NW 
 
 IA'»///r. fwirla r 
 
 (i-KiTUIIt-, Ailaiiia W 
 
 iA-*..,.,/. Mur.ii NW 
 
 I A' "Ml'. l><i>tiiUa 
 f. Jimpi 
 
 •If. Ji'mr*. 
 
 ■ A'lNlll' 
 
 Kriiilall, Kendall , 
 
 • Kfnll>i<rt)<. I.M. 
 #A"i»*r», < U», 
 
 .« i. 
 
 , |J«l'aat»nlI 
 
 NK 
 
 «K>ii.iiui..i>.('...H 
 
 • krt.l.h'.[.M.|l...n 
 
 • A-.«.r f.<iM.k NK 
 
 A'/"i<>*./ii'«-.,ian<iUuld«B>.. 
 
 • Kiriinii, UHallr H 
 
 hmhiiw .V* . Munan . . . . W 
 
 JKi'waiifp. Urnry NW 
 lljl.U, rra«f..»il SR 
 
 KlrkaWKi. I'lH ' 
 KM'I.Moi 
 
 Kl.lliT. KilOTf 
 
 • KIlfHxini, Mwon .. 
 
 • Kti.ilrrli.x.k Ftka.. 
 mKii.Irr, MwllHin.,, 
 
 !KliiKiiian.Nli«lhy ., 
 Klim'a. Ouir 
 
 iJ 
 
 Mlnra, VmitUi . 
 
 Kluvtti 
 
 A-iitfW ^ 
 
 • KiiitiiiiiiJy, Marlnn. 
 #Klii>itiaii, (Iruuilir , 
 «Klrtilai.<<. lirKalb 
 
 Jh'Ukf. K'-nl 
 Kirl.»i»Mt. Warran 
 
 • Af(nf(«.|.i-.k 
 
 Klal>'*ai(kri>, WLinatwcD.. 
 
 • Mtlrtitiif. < arrall 
 
 • Kniiihu, Ma* uti 
 
 • / 'r,/. KlIHI 
 
 • KiKiiOUi', Kuui 
 
 l!i.l 
 
 liH>k.. 
 
 ,,NR 
 
 • Hyiii - 
 
 • /■-« rVii'-<t Spur 8'nffiu'o. O 
 
 rifaJ.CMft.ll NW 
 
 liliDwUd. Aieiaiidar H 
 
 %ldtMHd,it9tTma H 
 
 Idlpwood, JH!f>ranD S 
 
 • Iti'* Jur.-i1i)n. HanffsiooA. U 
 
 ftlliuna, VAg%T R 
 lltij..lat llv,I^K-k lalanil.NW 
 
 • /jriMoK Vi(lliin<(. Haruii..fl 
 
 • Iiiiopoli*, har.Kamou C 
 
 r\lmht.VUV\a.\T RW 
 nitrprndtnct, \*M> lltUAvld) 
 
 • liidlanuU, Vcrnilllon .... R 
 
 ^i((Mlrv, *■«>»( NK 
 
 Induatnr, MeDonoiiKti W 
 
 . •[ngalfoD.Dtil'ain NK 
 
 luarahaui, CUT M 
 
 /itm'in.UallaUn ...HK 
 
 «U'la.Clay H 
 
 Toniii, Warron W 
 
 #/c)iM</il'i<'lln". Ilrnila'a. W 
 
 • ;iiir(i./unrltnfi, TcirlK ..V, 
 
 • IpttTa, FulOD W 
 
 • Inno, Dooue N 
 
 Iron, W'hlle BK 
 
 • /ronifailf. Cook NK 
 
 • Iroquois, Iroqunla , — R 
 
 • Irniitf. MoDttfoniery (' 
 
 • I rvi hit Tark, c:<M>k N R 
 
 • Inlnali.ti. WaiihlnRU)il....S 
 
 • Irwtii, Kaiikakro R 
 
 • lubfl, K<l«ar K 
 
 filanit, U^renrc NK 
 
 • /iJ(iri(l"n>rr. Haii|«mnii.,C 
 
 • lUufLlluPaiR! NR 
 
 • luka, MarloD 
 
 Ivaohop, Ukp NK 
 
 fMrradalf.Champatim K 
 ry LAuainit. Monroe...... HW 
 
 3»jM'kM>iiTllle.Mornn W 
 \J<\fk*anrUleJunc.M^-a Vf 
 aktpa, Untne W 
 
 JatnHtowD, CIlntoD H 
 
 • JanMTlIk, Col(4 R 
 
 JiJefleraon.Cook VK 
 ifftnon Corner, Whltea>N W 
 
 • JcffrriM'tivlllp, Wayup... 8B 
 Jertty hiii<llng. (aceKlaah).. 
 
 • Jpnit<yvlirt>,.li>rarr...«W 
 
 JlJrwi-t(, CiimberlM'il R 
 ortl*, lUnrock W 
 
 Jotianalibunth, Waahlofton . ;< 
 
 Johnilmnth, Mrll^nrr N 
 
 JohQtonrlllr. Warne RK 
 
 JlJohnitonf Cfiifk NK 
 uhnitown. Ciitnh«rlani| ... K 
 
 • .h>i.ii-;t. Win nr 
 
 • JiinrNhnrouBh, Union. 8 
 ^J'mrariiif. WtnnchagH. . .N 
 
 J,)p[»a, MniUMif BW 
 
 Jnriinn, (nee llnril) 
 
 Jordanvlll'. Montui V.' 
 
 • JiMllu-Rock laUnd NW 
 
 •Joy.McTcar MW 
 
 JiiblW. Peoria C 
 
 • Jufld, r«ik NB 
 
 • Julpa. Cata W 
 
 •/unction, Hacoa S 
 
 mKoUff, KankakM 
 
 Kraiiiin. I't >rta 
 
 • Kiiiiilpr, Mrt^an 
 
 #K(l.'ltl«fr. «)lla 
 
 Uci-. IiiiPaBf 
 
 |«( lAtr. DcKalb 
 
 • U( Inlf, KajrrltA 
 
 • I.nnnn. Manhall 
 
 I •I.Ai ri'Mr. llannick .... 
 
 I #/..r.(„r.,l)Ul'af. 
 
 • Uil.l. Ili.rran 
 
 • U Ka)iiT(t,HUik 
 
 • Ut..i. KaiiK 
 
 • Urirai.Kf. <'<H)k 
 
 />i t/fing*, Hrown 
 
 m\A ]|ar|..', Hanrurk 
 
 • UHi>Kiir. lr<H|Uo|a .... 
 
 • /..itr. ttaliilCklr 
 
 • Uka llluff, Ukf> 
 
 • lAkfl t l(r, Muii1ir1«.,.. 
 UkeCrti-k. Wllllamaou-. 
 
 • I jtko ('■.rrat, L«k» 
 
 • tjikn K'Tk, Uiiran 
 
 #ljk<-«l.l«,C.M.k 
 
 Uke Vltw C.«.k 
 
 • Uke Villa, Ukc 
 
 • ijtki'wiKHl, Nhrlhv... 
 
 • Ukt! 7.11 rich, Uka..., 
 Umh, Hardin 
 
 • l.^molllp, Iliirpan 
 
 • UDark.i'arroll 
 
 lAni-aaipr, Waliaah 
 
 • Unrutfrvlllp, Uk«. 
 Lau'lra, < rawfuri) 
 
 • Um-.npWHt 
 
 • UDcavllk, BaufBinuo.. 
 U>iUii>*. Cook 
 
 • Ia i'Ure, Flail <j 
 
 • Ut I'nlnp, AdAina W 
 
 U rrtlrlo Cenlr*, Mankall. G 
 (lUrrhland, Warwn W 
 
 • U Ibiae, Marahalt V 
 
 • UKallr, URalle N 
 
 • I.Alhani, lj<«an U 
 
 • l^lhdft, W'nuebaao N 
 
 Lat'itia, Jwppr 81 
 
 L«ur. JrffcraoD B 
 
 lAura, i'(^rlt .0 
 
 • />iuni, I'eona 
 
 • />iti»tM, MrLran 8W 
 
 0lA trtne. Cook NR 
 
 • />I>f^n■. (talUUn 8E 
 
 • Uwndate, l/icaa a 
 
 Uwn RIdRr, Manhall C 
 
 #Uwrcn<e. UcllPnr* N 
 
 • l.,itwrt>nc«vlll», L'nc«NR 
 9 LiiwrtnrtrUU Junr., Liwr'fl 
 
 NK 
 
 • lipaiKlvrr, ()Rlfl N 
 
 • Lraman, FnlUin W 
 
 UaiDtnKUio, OaUaUn 6R 
 
 • Ijcaaure, I>ouf1aa R 
 
 • Lebanon. Kt. I'lalr SW 
 
 mUtftnon Cilv, St. Clair .8W 
 
 • UiUr. hanitamoD C 
 
 • /.^^'■"■.l.Waltae B 
 
 • Ltp, liiKalb N 
 
 I U-ndiiln-. Ut.... .,N 
 
 I mlff.u. lAtialle N 
 
 T^«-biinih, Fulton. W 
 
 l«;al, t^tt-phrnaou 
 
 • l4-ltht'«t, Ukf> 
 
 • lylaiKl. lAl^nllf 
 
 (mi, St, Clair,. 
 
 ...NK 
 
 .....0 
 
 :::mk 
 
 ..NW 
 
 • !■•■ 
 
 •M.k.. 
 
 . NR 
 
 • Una, HiPphrnauu NW 
 
 Lent, Btl Inir ~ 
 
 • I^riiil.iirfin, SLCIuIr .. 
 Leon. Whlu-ald* 
 
 • l>pi.nore, l^artalte 
 
 I^o It'>rk, .Tackaon 
 
 L'Krnble, Inxiuwla 
 
 • I^rnn, Ciilra 
 
 • I« Iliij. McLwui , 
 
 mtftit, Tai«well 
 
 Ltatcr, UarluD 
 
 vnil, iiwiv. rur. 
 
 l.iyMl il»<.«-.(Mta M 
 
 Zuir l.>kf, Kaaa .M 
 
 Hma. .\.iai>.« W 
 
 lliiirrlik lluriau N 
 
 III ^ii.l'V" > 
 
 ijiioiii uri'Fii, .li.hiiaiiii. 
 U'l."!-* /■.».», CtNik ,... 
 
 • iJiKUnl'atk.tooh.. 
 iL<»<l->.»<KMl,tigl».. 
 riiiii, V^■lwall., 
 
 • IJiiti.rr, I'latl 
 
 to."""' - 
 
 ,".'.« 
 
 ..lit X 
 
 ..,N m 
 .NR n 
 
 • IJIrrlH-rrr, MiTori . 
 
 • iJiiiit hilian, I MM, ,,. 
 riiil" H'l k, KrniUll ... 
 IJIIIrl.iii Mrbiijlrf 
 
 • Ultki Vi.ik, Vtarrpii ... 
 iJvrlyOn.M-, M'achlOtfti.n 
 
 IJ»rn».-l, rulion 
 
 ^uAtattoH. Knot 
 
 ~ l.i0U^Ul/H f'lirA, Ciatk. . 
 
 b<ainl, Haiimmi)n , ,. 
 
 \/x •■) villi-, n.ifr4'i.,,, 
 
 I^^kfii; V-nnllloB,,, 
 
 #/»* //.if-<.i,.|pfao«,,. 
 
 • ^•rkiNirt, Wi 
 
 '^.*■llil^r.>^^ rraiiklln 
 
 • l> ila, IriHiiioU. 
 
 • l/xtrii.ia. Vlvtutalua. 
 
 • U..lir. I'Un 
 
 n-tln*. Itix'k lalaad,... 
 IjWuii. K-lKir 
 
 ip..rt, ir«mil"'n 
 
 it 
 
 J 
 
 Mw 
 
 • riMliat, llrmi 
 
 Jrfli'r 
 
 • |j>ml>ar<l, Kitl'tM- 
 
 • UniilMnhiik, hlai 
 
 Sh.iKl.m Milt'>.fi..(on W 
 
 O'litf Trpp, Miirrau. . ., ,. N 
 limg llnnrl., 0all.li> H 
 
 • b.itHCrt^k, Mari.u H 
 
 nniirnn.tff, Uk« NR 
 
 li.ngUk*. M "-1 C 
 
 h.,.^ hikf. U' ,..NR 
 
 • ■.otiiilVilnl, l4vlimM<in....U 
 Un I I'ralrlti, Warnx... ...HR 
 
 • liitiioK'w ()ia.npal|ii..,.R 
 
 P«.K.«.lrtt. Fn)iitlf> 
 
 mil 
 
 >, Cu 
 
 Xtttn I^kr, \a\- 
 
 RUtnii" Adai. i..... 
 ■rai' B" ptruaon 
 
 • Ij.rii.il>, Will 
 
 I. UhollF..., 
 
 NR 
 ,.NK 
 
 (I'll I 
 
 • 1.4 
 
 ..iiU>lilf. -^ 
 r.U. W..,.iri)r<l. 
 
 ij ... 
 
 ..« 
 
 M 
 
 J.O.I-I.I lair 
 
 • )>ivlnvl4.n,Mr>ulinc.. 
 
 • Niwilrr, Hanminoi) ,. 
 
 l/i*f]|. 1.4 Halle 
 
 Uwt-r linia, llaii)tlli.n 
 
 • iMirrr I'tiiria. I'eorta .G 
 
 JlU.wroli.t. Woodford. ...0 
 /iMTi/, <'o<ik NK 
 
 SU*a,C<.Ira R 
 .jd, Mcnartl « 
 
 • IaMow, cbamiwlin K 
 
 fn.k, I'l'iM' B 
 
 • l.ri><<»n, Wbltf alda NW 
 
 • L)nn(>iilrp, ll«nrT..,.NW 
 
 l.riinville, MiirRan W 
 
 Ijfona. C<H.k NR 
 
 UU.-vllle, McUan 8W 
 
 • Jf f-Mifrru.C.wk NR 
 
 • Jr.(iifi,lUi..Mk W 
 
 mMiri.tru, ijuumtun C 
 
 0.il<riurf, Ali-iandar R 
 
 • Mil luaky Jrrwr BW 
 
 tMii'Jiiuell, Kt<>(ihenaon,NW 
 ,ro<,k.v.tMik MR 
 
 MrOtniilck, Top* R 
 
 tMcllowe)), UvlDcatuk ...,n 
 eftittt-t, Jrnry BW 
 
 UrlUnrr, Mcll«nr7 K 
 
 tMcfttnty, Mrllenrr N 
 fKt*,CMi KpllenriUa) 
 
 MrKeen, Clark R 
 
 MrhUnilrgi' r<n.KankakMK 
 ^Mrl^ntt, Crawford ItH 
 
 • M(-I.ran. Mcl^aD BW 
 
 • MrUitn$h»roitttlt Jumctton, 
 
 llamllUin i 
 
 • MrreMtiiboroMBh, 
 
 HaTnllton ■' 
 
 MrNoi-t, Maaa 
 
 • Mrl'hera'.n.Culaa ;.BW 
 
 UrQuppn, Kanv R 
 
 • MaahBtun,Wlil,. 
 
 • Manheltn.Cook.. 
 
 • Maoltu, Maaun 
 
 • HanU. MadlacD 
 
 Manl«r. ruliua... 
 
 ManlluB, Dureau 
 
 HaBDoR, MeiTPr 
 
 • Manaflpld. PiatI 
 
 • MaDl«no, Kankakee... 
 
 • Mbb«IU», IJ*lDC*hiu.. 
 Mania OruT«. Kd varda. . 
 
 • MapU (trore, Itond . . . 
 
 • Uaple Park, Kane 
 
 UauIti-aUlU, Pultoo 
 
 • Mapletun, Peoria 
 
 • Mapkiwood. Cook 
 
 Maauoii,Kni>i 
 
 • Marble Head. Aduna., 
 
 MarbletowQ, Fulton 
 
 Marcelllni!. Adama...... 
 
 mMurciu, farnill 
 
 • UartuRQ, McHcuqr... 
 
 •A 
 
 A 
 
 NryO 
 
 kuf. (aeaHcatoBrtUaTTT.? 
 Mare'lonta, Hamilton.. 
 if-trkrv, Logan c 
 
 • Macklnav.Tatewell 
 
 t*,i.i(.i.»i.- /vin,Wdiord.o 
 arkrl-.lf. Piatt 
 
 • Macomb. Mrl>uiMM|k. W 
 
 • Macon, MacoD R 
 
 • Uaroupin, Mariapli] c 
 
 Hadlaon, Madlaon C 
 
 • MadlaonNtreet. C^,.,NR 
 Hadunnarllle, Hunrua ....MW 
 Mambtwu, MutiriM sW 
 
 • maffHtt, Culea R 
 
 MacnullK, Putnam N 
 
 SMabomet Champalin K 
 a(»ie«i«,Cook NR 
 
 • Makanda, Jarkaua a 
 
 • Maldeu. Bure,au N 
 
 Mallard, llanruck W 
 
 «M»lt», I>eKa)b H 
 alvem, WhltMlda NW 
 
 • Hanchratcr, Beott w 
 
 MandelUCook NR 
 
 MaabBtun,Wlil,. 
 
 If t.«i 
 
 X 
 
 i, 
 
 M 
 X 
 
 ..NR 
 .NW 
 
 •UCBTf. IMBIl. raft I tow* 
 
 bMai.M. rliiiii < lalt 
 
 |iUrk1.*iii MxrM*'' 
 
 I V nifv, V'ittt 
 
 |M.r)<), Hill . . 
 ■w, J. ITirauN ,. 
 
 i8 
 ft 
 
 bM.ft.w J. 
 
 • HMrahiiJI.tiAik R 
 
 i tf.>..A.>/lJ.,,„ituH.( lark K 
 iUaril>«ll'a»rrri,Wbll'apnK 
 iElar*l«M, U>n*t NW 
 
 S Manila, Plan (' 
 arlliut.urin. piba W 
 
 MarUit'aKii.rK, Hai.tllbiu. . 
 
 • UartJnaviiie.l lark... 
 
 • MarUNtun, inxiitula.. 
 
 hManUi.i|,< 
 
 ill.«>.iiiHtk»i*lnttlalT. BW 
 U4»>ii, l-fflniiliam . , 
 \t*<-.ti ClU, M*»m , 
 a«»»')lr.fV, kU-MW 
 Ma»lM<h, J.)1.a>i.M. 
 Macicra, Kn 
 
 HIV 
 NW 
 
 f V.tf'i>...i«, Huoii... 
 
 »* 
 
 H.(tl.,<ii, ('fHih 
 
 KJ 
 
 
 M.lKl, W.t,Mh 
 
 IK 
 
 M.i^.,-11, l-i^.n. 
 
 ...(J 
 
 MiiwrM, R.i.K,tuwa.. 
 
 ...); 
 
 • ll.lf.l., (■.„»., 
 
 U....1I1., I'll, 
 
 RH 
 
 ■J 
 
 »«.,., ...1.1, .,.'*. . 
 
 .1... 
 
 IMlf.,. 
 
 MarliJD , 
 - ■;, Ct 
 • Mllfur.1, lr>H,uuU. 
 
 Mi'r;, 
 
 rHolon.. 
 
 Itaitua >V>*>,'Vir"iiiiifci« ■ .R 
 VarNMRMB 
 
 mlttirttiL Ma<ll 
 
 MllrlH'Ua>JIU>.Kalliw ... 
 UllrhW. M«t>r<M> 
 
 • if oaiVMiiii, btielkr . . . 
 
 • UwcMfn.RSaikan. 
 
 • Mf^Bbelbv 
 
 Hodea«,BUrk 
 
 SMou«a«n, MamaBUi . . 
 Odoc, Randolph .VT... 
 
 • JTu/flUj, Peoria 
 
 • MoSeiULWill. 
 
 • Hollne, Kuik laUnd. 
 
 • Uonienm, Kankake* K 
 
 iHofHtnrtJuin:, Ran'kee K 
 
 • Monarch. Hcl/'an HW 
 
 • Hone«, Will KK 
 
 Money Creek. MrLe«u , . , 
 
 • Moolcjt, Peoria..,., ... 
 
 • Muniunuth, Warren 
 
 » Mom 
 
 . Coka . . 
 
 f.<>Kl«.. 
 
 MR 
 
 Sv."-tf r.t'k r«f,k 
 <iii>inilii\. Rroaa 
 t%lurrla, Uniii.U 
 .' .ai,iy. uhiV. 
 
 • Mitrrtaan, Hblto.i 
 i\l.rii*.i.>'lii>.(b(i.' 
 %l<irr.*l.>i*ki. Urun 
 
 {M'"« '. M»ar 
 .'•< *r# kl..n..M . 
 
 • kl>.r TaifKtil 
 
 BM....r<uln(>l<-B, I 
 
 NK 
 
 Mfa.l, Wiliu.„*,n .... 
 
 JIMixli.Hi, Mi-Uau BW 
 l>-<'tiaiil>>l.iirri. Hanvaiiion. I' 
 Mr.lla, llrndi >H..i .. , W 
 
 • J/'i/M.Vi.i||<"i.lleiiderwiuW 
 
 • Medora, Mai •niplii (I 
 
 • .Vf«.(rtv,MrIifau BW 
 
 Mrlroa*, Clark R 
 
 SJTeJr-W, C.-,k NK 
 •Ullle, Maditon C 
 
 • HeUln.Kord K 
 
 iJr«l«eoorf,R.lMr K 
 
 Menard, lUnd.ilph BW 
 
 {Mem'.n, A>U..ia W 
 Mrn(|..|«, Ijihrtllr N 
 
 • *".«-I.Ta»iwrll tl 
 
 iMetiomtnee, I.. Itafleaa NW 
 aiipaii, <alh«iit< W 
 
 • Meretliwla, Moryan W 
 
 • Merhlen. UHalle N 
 
 • Merna, k.rl.ran BW 
 
 • Merrlani. Waxiie hK 
 
 Merrlmau Pi.tiil, Mounte. .HW 
 
 II, He. 
 , ~imiir.„ ..- 
 
 _ ttair, pjlytr 
 
 UrU'ft, Hnmn W 
 
 • H •triipalla C'lty, Uawan 
 
 Middle Creek, flaiiroek . . . . W 
 
 • MlddlaOnne, Fullon....W 
 
 • MlddlaPulnt. While NR 
 
 • Ulddleaworlh, bUtibj C 
 
 StUMUlon. (•»« ijtng Pralrte) 
 
 UHilleiMwn, Lmsn .C 
 
 mMliiland, Kilfar R 
 
 • Midland Cit*. IX) Wilt C 
 
 OMIdway, Hditar R 
 
 Ml«r, (apA l.an>aal«r} 
 
 • Miiin, Rork UUnil NW 
 
 • M .<ia> Hralli.n, Macouuln. .C 
 
 • J/ /a TAlrlv rwo, Uuhin.B 
 
 NW 
 
 :itw 
 
 • Mllianl A< 
 
 • Mllllirttf, Jo l>a«h'«a, 
 
 • Mlllhnwk, Rendall.. 
 Mil' urn.Ukp 
 
 • MlilCreek, CntoB... 
 
 tMllledcevlIle, t arruU 
 liiw.rord ■ 
 
 JUUttrt, Madl*»ii V. 
 UJMa'wr'ir.iapa Baden lUdeB) 
 SHIlkrahurBh. Mereer . . M W 
 MUl>raville. rkriauu . C 
 llUken, MaUT'irk W 
 
 • HIlltngton.Keiidail N 
 
 • MlllMlal'. Will NR 
 
 8 Mill l^h.'al*. Whtu. . ■■ 
 Ilia' Ptalrl.*. »:<l«w4« NR 
 IMlll>Ui4l.|taiHi( tatr . BW 
 HUittmMJmmr, MMtwCW 
 WNtt*. iaMl«MWniM4>. 
 
 • Mihrna^ PMI, A 
 
 HIto. R«n««... M 
 
 Him'r. Hea4»n» .... # 
 
 
 jM ■ lb 
 
 XE 
 
 'I 
 
 • MourwaCeutr 
 MuunwCltjr, U. 
 
 • Mout Clare. C<Mk NK 
 
 Mont»rer, Fulton W 
 
 Montciuuia, Pike W 
 
 • Mvn tffomerv, Colea ■ 
 
 • MoatipimerT, Kane N 
 
 • LluaUovlIn, PlaU C 
 
 mMontroit.V ■'.. NR 
 
 • Montroae, Pi4ngbam H 
 
 Moonablne, Clark R 
 
 Huore'a Prairie, Jeffewon. . .8 
 More*. Cr»w(..rd BR 
 
 JMoreland, Cook Nl 
 or(i«rUJa,(ae«c«n1cr'aklUM) 
 
 • Jf orvan, MorfiB W 
 
 • MoraaarBrk.Cook MB 
 
 Monumiu*. cbrMiu o 
 
 •Horn, MadkKM. O 
 
 -tiutf. 
 
 ^ Mount Ciirmn,. i i mi 
 
 4ixi.ll I'.lr ni.iiii „|g 
 
 • MmuiiI l.rrrt.l.K.l, HK 
 
 • 1L1..1II.I l,i<r.i«-d, l...k Vtt 
 iV-MiI// /*.Coak Vt 
 ijr»H>i(./.v. Lvan r 
 
 • Mount UorrIa, tlvli- \ 
 iMoiiuliilita, U*ii>iii.it. I 
 
 • «(.yiil '•Uftl,iu»k SK 
 JounI ■'■laio.e, Puiikih. v 
 Vl /'f«.i»M.l,.«eaUmi..iv4, 
 
 • tfoufil /■('''ri.iNl, .14. Lvim 
 i4<i.iitt PlriMii', t'htio. » 
 
 • «..oi,irr,,..«| t.HK sf 
 
 • M<.>IUl l'lll4«kl. T. ,,', , 
 
 • Hoiiiit virrlhm,' V 
 
 • M.Mint l«<rii..ii. ' '. . 
 
 Mixtdr V<ll v.Jtck*..!, 
 
 • MiiU'rrry Orute, Hot.i 
 
 • Mnikrviown, Franklin 
 
 MuiiAtp'if-r .(art Mai-i. 
 
 IMuoairr, UNalla.. 
 M>irtl<*'k, Ihmvlaa 
 
 • U*rlle,n)ilB 
 
 Na uii .ar. Ktiidall 
 
 .<l 
 
 • N«.- rt, l«-e 
 
 
 • Ka.tii-okl. Madltiitt , 
 
 
 • .Sa(«rMHi-, IhiPaff 
 
 
 
 Mf 
 
 • NH.Iivllle, Waaho 
 
 
 N»tlr.i.«k ^arda.BLl 
 
 • l^^W 
 
 • NaimiM, MaaoQ 
 
 Naiit<.<.. Ilimiirk 
 
 . xw 
 
 
 Nfailioorr, ( lark 
 
 .,, r. 
 
 
 
 • .\>W»|/, Kd»af 
 
 r 
 
 • NFelrvllli. Morgwi, 
 
 • Neko.oa, Ifenry 
 
 • MelM.n, lx« .,. 
 
 . w 
 
 SW 
 
 
 
 
 • S'l^illa. ruii.brrtuii'l 
 
 r. 
 
 • N.iM„.M-l. ll.ir-.ii 
 Nfllle Creek, Itnm.l) 
 
 • N.-.a<la, U\n.v*l<.n 
 
 K 
 
 C 
 
 • Noln^ Kdwr 
 
 
 
 
 • N.W AH.ri.»,Batnt(l 
 
 irHW 
 
 • N.'» lU.l.ti, Clli.K.11 
 
 n 
 
 Vrw H.ilfor<1, llurruu. 
 
 
 • Nrw ri.'ill.l. ttaiivaix 
 
 
 
 sW 
 
 • Neiv lli.ihxt. MerrT 
 ,Wu> //ii^tl.oi. Ht. ri>. 
 
 
 r sW 
 
 • New ll..riiiii>le, J.il.tii 
 
 
 • New 1 .iiit.m. Pike... 
 
 
 • Nr» < iXJr, Kallce,. 
 
 
 • ,\>MTA..u^M.«,k 
 
 
 New 1 lt>, h,iiit{Hi.ii>n 
 
 
 I, Ma> 
 
 • Nrw It.' *in, »'irr~ '< 
 
 • Niw |v>igi., Miinnx' - 
 
 • New hnuKln^ kladix ii , 
 
 • Nrwetl. Vrfiii|||,.ii, 
 
 J.V».c,(J. Vrrmllt.'!. 
 ew UeiiPaee, Whiteil.l, ni 
 
 • New (inudCbalu, r.ih.k 
 
 • N-w Maiioter MoUr . ^ 
 New llarif. rd, ^Ike. 
 
 New llatfD, (iailailn > 
 
 New H>-t.r.n. I rawr.r.i -^ 
 
 »Krw ll.,ll.«n.l. b««ii 
 ttrJ,.r.U>n. Whilralitr S' 
 New L^lianon, I>eRalb 
 
 J New I..U..I, Will ,. S 
 •w UlM-rlf, Pope... 
 fNawn.aii, l>o..«laa, 
 rwnianaillle, ( aM 
 ?Ka« Ueiiiph)a,''ll><l"" 
 Naw MllA>r<l, WInnrl'.t,-. 
 ew MtBilrit. WaahltMrii 
 !New Palr»iine. Raod'ph h 
 K«w PhllailrlphIa, M'lh. 
 ough 
 
 • .VpM^p..,!, MadlauB 
 
 {Sew kalem, Pika 
 tifU.m laM Aduna),. 
 
 • N*wl<in, Jaaprr ,.,, ^ 
 
 • N'rw Wlii.fiiir,Marctr N 
 Set. WKalb 
 
 iNiaiiU.-, Maion 
 
 NllM 
 
 KUr. a'nnirr, < 
 
 • Mlw.i.,.1 Ml 
 
 • NtoU. It, 
 ' ■ Ik, 
 
 . Rlrbland 
 
 _ Nukfiiiil*. Mnntcwier) <■ 
 
 • Nora. JoUileaa SW 
 
 • Noriiiat, Mi'Ijean -» 
 
 • Xuriii.il Junr. Uclrn, ■ W 
 
 • A^(ir»i<W /'iiri. Cook, ,. \¥. 
 
 • .Vurm'fn. UvlumiDn , C 
 
 • .Vwf-/..,.,r...r«i, Will . v>: 
 
 • Norria, Fi.llon W 
 
 • NorrlaCHx, While hE 
 
 North Alti.u, Madlaon... c 
 Niirlhait.pliin, Peoria... I' 
 
 • North Aurora. Ka..e . .> 
 
 • A'uriA Ae(/rt/(/. HI. I b .-w 
 
 • .VcrtA Ciitf-o, Ah'VaiKl.r H 
 Jftrlk Catro, j'olaakl . s 
 North l>u.t|r>n. Cook. Sf, 
 
 • A'ori* tH.to», !«■.,.. V 
 
 • A'tM-l* A'ij(frK<i(er, C^K'l. N>. 
 
 • A'ort* Artnafoit, C(.ok SK 
 9 North UUh A'ttim, IW^ 
 
 • NoKh lleitderaoB, M'rr-rNK 
 hortli Northneld, Cook NK 
 myorih (Miftao, Kendall S 
 
 Kortli Peoria, Peoria. , V 
 
 North PUu^ Kane s 
 
 mf/orth Hutftand, Cook \E 
 North SpHnanrld, Bang' i »: 
 
 NoTtliwiit, < ,«.k SK 
 
 Ntirthvtilp, USalto M 
 
 J North Wagn*. tl«p|«p sg 
 »rlontW«.WUl sB 
 
 , lailalU ... 
 
 .1, M»re«....... 
 
 „.l l-ark. CWt. 
 
 M-afj.' 
 
 Sf, I.] HeuanT 
 
 ■^ ..I. tuok.. 
 
 LUtiffltif 
 
 L(>«. I r«wfurd .... 
 
 ■■helVr... 
 
 tiii««ion. 
 
 RarniuiiI.IU)).iClaJr 
 
 tkf. Ititiul.., 
 teMrnoB... 
 
 ManiDl'Hi 
 
 Hranrh. AleiaMtr. 
 
 rer, \Ant 
 
 jMed. PulukI 
 
 b«r> Kxhiaad 
 
 iba. UallnUB 
 
 L Rarl'in 
 
 rya, Iri'(|uiila, 
 
 |u, l'l''l>l><'iiMig 
 
 |»lila.Kii.>i 
 
 Hii.,K>i"i 
 
 larlxMlltt. DuPtft... 
 
 ■tfkp, Jrffrraua 
 
 Jfelem. Henry ..^ 
 
 KUHaile , 
 
 ^uawk»,UaBderaaii 
 
 k Ji'kMm 
 
 e.tlark,.^. 
 
 n Pralrte, pwtrla. , 
 fBiiflr*llle, fitepbenaut. .s 
 
 VlJI^J••'h•l"J 
 
 .1 Miiipa, Pevria 
 . .iriaee, (uuk... 
 
 ir'tiille. Wafue 
 
 .'■oa, Ufon...., 
 
 ;»gi»li, 'Wie 
 
 <£«ni>i)i 
 
 m. Hrarj N 
 
 r. >r. 
 
 ikllit. 
 
 I. lt.N-klaUnd...H1 
 
 •ul*.»urt 
 
 r... Hfiirjr Rl 
 
 U—.riar 
 
 iiiN McUin •< 
 
 -, ih. Win 
 
 _>»rf... Ki-LiUll 
 
 Blt««m.liiHal'e 
 
 MuaAprifiiri. fjiBaUg, 
 
 ^r, lA Halle 
 
 ■r*llle,Jt!rwr Rl 
 
 S, YM-a ' 
 
 4,>juwii.(.., KankakM. 
 
 iftffa, llureau 
 
 u.Maii.u ., 
 
 .n.C«.k k 
 
 iifo. Chrlmian 
 
 I, Winnebagu 
 
 IHuw, puiuam 
 
 Alknry Ml 
 
 hlk,tloj« ' 
 
 ■rk, Johnw-i 
 
 nKlf.l." 
 
 i.Kalut Clair.. 
 
 r Url.r«]| . 
 
 ,..8' 
 
 V.N 
 
 ine.t'fBwriinl 8 
 
 Mt.Hf, lt*Dll<^'l)>tl B^ 
 
 Flhner, Ijiruuan 
 
 hlmrra, llatoupla 
 
 I) \\\». lUti.lllun 
 
 •rtitrUndl, .,.'.,.., 
 
 '. MiniaiiiuQ 
 
 t hrliUao ,,..,. 
 
 labuiliiu, Wooilford. 
 
 jal^rr. fannmuD 
 
 tau. IriHiuola 
 
 _^___^^■^>lea 
 
 fBria,£<linr 
 
 Tarker. Jobnaua 
 
 hikrnbursh, Rlrblaad.M 
 
 firk Manor, Cook N 
 
 iPaik Itidgf . took N 
 
 *iiliilde. Cook N 
 
 BkTille, C'hampaln 
 
 kiTH/r.^ieaUnia Prairie). 
 
 ftriiflU IkWiu 
 
 T^rriih, FreukllD 
 
 'Itid, flauganiou .....,., 
 
 , port, Itkhlaitd 
 
 tlH>a</'urt. DcWill 
 
 ^tufrOrli). 1 awreucfl. . . . N 
 ■t.Min.in 
 
 Bp^iitn-i-'.-i-.. wniV.V.V.'.'i>i 
 
 ., U'mIhuIi 1 
 
 ■tlUut.. Ki-.idall 
 
 Aaaee, bifijtanion.. 
 
 uPaiKHn Juiir.^ Haugaiiion 
 ■Pawpaw, !*». ....7;.. 
 
 ■Puliin, Fit: 
 
 WUe. Kd||*i , 
 
 ■)*in, Ailaina. , 
 
 Ku.(, il.Kui. ,' . 
 
 ■Pearl. I'ikt 
 
 ■P«-.i<.uha. Winnebago. - 
 ■ Pekin, Tawaell 
 
 *lk«la. MaMae ..,,8 
 
 ■frntali), (lianipaln 
 
 pniiinttuD Point, MgDub. 
 
 RPrniiixl CiHik I 
 
 ptimae. Mhlieakia N 
 
 |PKOKIA.PeorU 
 
 rPwtoor, Wdl I 
 
MAP INDEX OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 l-arh.irwk. 
 
 111.', WwhM.: 
 
 k ^.lra•.HL I I, 
 
 , M4«.l 
 
 '■niillluii, 
 , Vi rmilliiti. 
 , Whltr. 
 ruKl riialu, Vu\...i, 
 r, Uitu 
 
 hri'n, rnwfof 
 
 w 
 
 ''n 
 
 m(J#r«OB, M'lT'rNK 
 rthnrld, I'nok VK 
 iiMfffl, i:*Ddall N 
 
 ■U,P«orl» (• 
 
 :>, Kane V 
 
 *«'fc/H(t (-'onk \i; 
 ■ina^fia. Bans'' i i' 
 
 •(f.Tia»lk s- 
 
 .took SK 
 
 Usalto N 
 
 k* " 
 
 {(..,.] MeiMnT ^.JJ 
 
 »'""i."J' SI 
 
 Ztitrn. r<a>a MB 
 
 B"<~:<-<i> u 
 
 iwfuril . 
 
 |iiriiw'lil.»«trilt;ur. .ItW 
 
 flM.h,M M 
 
 m^trairl^tm W 
 
 «,M...«.. 
 
 ,.NI 
 
 ...NW 
 
 ...NK 
 
 iiik«. \rir 
 
 I, (iri'Piie.. 
 
 :::mI 
 
 ..iS 
 
 I. l,Minot"n i 
 
 , M.H..U .£ 
 
 II.,.,. filnHWf... fw 
 
 „ q7.<..< tiicwrtW 
 
 _,.-_ii.t ( Utf »w 
 
 irnki. UtKlta jj 
 
 Ma UK 
 
 IP. Mnutinm»n . . . . I' 
 itlk.WuhlBgfcHi.. 
 ,r*trf 
 
 _ir*nilll..i. 
 
 i jiriii'h. Ai«tud«r....it 
 
 tl, tAW It 
 
 «tr(l. ri]liu>lil B 
 
 , lEI.tillUil HK 
 
 (lillMi HR 
 
 . Uarioii H 
 
 ".'"■lU"!* ■■£ 
 
 ^, ifuiwu^^o N w 
 
 ki.t«,ki><>i W 
 
 lrl...Tim-i W 
 
 .till'>.l>ul-tga....NK 
 
 ■, .Irffrnua H 
 
 I. Ilfnry MW 
 
 J, Uhallv , H 
 
 iujtitkft. lUD^nM. . w 
 
 ■ Jt>'k«>u « 
 
 >■. (Itrk ,, K 
 
 ■n Prtlrlfc Pw.rta (' 
 
 nr*lll-.}itrph*BM«flNW 
 
 l/^JM'k■>•u II 
 
 .hiM Mlur*. Prurta. ,.0 
 ..■l,«rJI'lM-f>, t'ouk....ifK 
 
 UnttlUe. WifM Hr; 
 
 ~nu, Miron.,,., II 
 
 WCon.'Wta N 
 
 .(•«1Jdu).. ,.j, 
 
 U. H'BTj kw 
 
 c-k '.NB 
 
 _n>,M<>nnn W 
 
 luHiM, WattTD W 
 
 i.»'raukllii, ,.8 
 
 .jorti, lbirkl»Uttd...HW 
 
 KU.Hurk <; 
 
 ro. Htnrt NW 
 
 ii>uM,('lar K 
 
 tntn.KcUtn BW 
 
 - Ik. Witt (■ 
 
 rrffi*. Kr-Brtall N 
 
 fouwB. U Hal-t N 
 
 '-Mira /•■prtnffi. U ItaUa . N 
 
 f.UBalk N 
 
 nill«,J>nr)r HW 
 
 i.rollon W 
 
 aoJtinfUoi: KankakM. E 
 
 mil** Uomu... N 
 
 I, Mariiu ,.(i 
 
 |«iiirr<i.Chd'uiaDi!l'.i..(} 
 <u, Wtnnchatfu. ...... ,N 
 
 iw. Putnam " 
 
 j.Htory 
 
 -..•,lku« 
 
 rk, JuhnM-n 
 
 KlBcUok 
 
 brtwrn. Itelut Clair. 
 
 wlji UrliMii MW 
 
 Ml'ulut, ttalif N 
 
 J4I1W. (u<-ti NK 
 
 <■. KUmir K 
 
 linr.lriufdrd HK 
 
 H«, fUo-loliit HW 
 
 .rf.ijitl.tlan. C 
 
 ... jtm, llaxiutiln C 
 
 J Att». lUnililiiQ N 
 
 ii-iiHK Ail«lll« W 
 
 , itreUrUDdi 
 
 rr. ^antainun (', 
 
 .a.Lhrt»Uan .i: 
 
 ...UHUtlou, Wuodfard.ll 
 
 \ir, fatinniuD <; 
 
 rlDCMi, irwiuat*. ...... K 
 
 ldlB^t■^^l« R 
 
 >ftria.£«lnr K 
 
 atktr, Johnwn 8 
 
 Nrkrtibunrh, KIclUaiMl.HK 
 
 '^rk MtDur.Cuok NK 
 
 «k Rldgf . Cwk NL" 
 
 KrkHdf, ('4Wk NB 
 
 ~ lie, Ckatiibalgn E 
 
 -wklVWiit ;..o 
 
 Nfrtih, rraiifclln 8 
 
 ilrlil, Atuirini')ii ii 
 
 Wrt. 111. Mai.il HK 
 
 */'iifil, IipWIU,. 
 
 ..NK 
 
 ..,W 
 ..NK 
 ,..8R 
 
 r..ti^j.>ii'*. Will 
 
 I, WaliMh... 
 Iiillon. Krnilah... 
 
 lanw. HanKaliiun ('. 
 
 |/^l«r.,», Ju„c., sanittinoii c 
 
 ((■•wCaw, tft N 
 
 ifaitiin, Tit; K 
 
 lynr.KJwi K 
 
 ■■n, Adiina w 
 
 „ (.Nvob H 
 
 irratl. I'ike w 
 
 pBiiii,t,h», Wlnnebafo...N 
 Pfklii, Tawmell c 
 
 nlunli. Ma*Mi- 8W 
 
 [■r!inl(). I lianipaisti K 
 
 rMilncionJ'onii, dtDi»B..W 
 
 /■»ni.«i r.,.,k MK 
 
 l^fmt. WtllrtUl. NW 
 
 ^KllHlA.tnjrla C 
 
 rwttiwr, Wil v£ 
 
 rIviM, Da 
 
 • frfry <«l«-)n|M. Hra«*.. W 
 ■rrtTMh—Vlh* W 
 
 f/'«Tvi. Jf h*>ti....... . . V 
 wTkk"), Utrrrr... .... NW 
 
 fNrn*iu». wiBWibaio. M 
 
 |WtV*.ltwt W 
 
 • Km.lAMlto S 
 
 iivb-ra. i)*'il*»tl U 
 
 Priwlxtrj. (■••• Aub'rtai ., 
 
 • I'rlrratitirBh. Mi-mM C 
 IVUT.. r™.h.yT.tdlll •■ 
 |vi.-..!ti.., M.nrr .. NW 
 
 iii*<i"i|iiit«,'f'aa[ 
 
 P).M1!iMf.«>ti, Whlla .... 
 
 frriif.., u>*ii>[Mi«a 
 V.*Ni/ lN„.«laa 
 
 91'iwa, M*..M.(.||i. 
 
 • /-M(.i Hitift. Jtrmt... 
 Piw. *fturj,A ( rawbra... 
 ivneuilf, )>rlC«jb 
 
 • rirrr^ii. nund-.^^,..... 
 
 • l-lrr*<.nMi*ll<iD,PWl.. 
 nuHiu. .l»lhtm<U... 
 
 • T'lk''. l-lkM 
 
 Pil-.i. V.rihin.it. 
 
 /■tJ' ( A't"». WailtlMtwH . 
 
 • l'lrkiifvvlll»,P«rrT 
 
 i A-... 
 
 !■'- 
 
 /■li-.riK*. !«..■ lUviM).. 
 fl'iiiarx' tii. •f.lCana. 
 Piuk rf.i-i.-. H^'ury.... 
 
 • I'lnhdaff. l«wn-l>M . 
 rill Oak, Wnruc 
 
 I'li'tN'll*. INllllIlllB 
 
 • iVrtll/. f-nnl. B 
 
 • I'liK*)), Murvau W 
 
 J•^l<^fftlll'.^»r*l HtM^Lluu) .. 
 Clltiitiuiitli.rat.-tlF 1 
 
 • riii.niti.^. ruf w 
 
 • }'iitVl*'dJHN'(M'>i, I'lha W 
 
 illtixHHl, InKiiHila R 
 
 iPlaJnllrM. Will NK 
 
 I'lttiii, K<'»'Ult.. 
 
 ., lr,H,N. 
 
 • /V 
 
 , Moi 
 
 • rrr-«mpUon, Mercer.. .NW 
 
 t-||iib)ii. 
 
 Z 
 
 ...0 llu 
 
 J « 
 
 ..W lu 
 
 .. ■ w 
 
 ...I » 
 
 ...I I.IW 
 
 ...S lu 
 
 .. N lu 
 
 II W "' 
 
 "J ™ 
 
 Hi mill* iiiir. nauv ....... n 
 
 1>I. K.Ki-h.^all M 
 
 I'lmknt.itiiir, Hhalhf (' 
 
 IVricinl'iVrrN.HIark . .. (T 
 ;'f#ri<.in( //tn. .|.» Ihivltraa N W 
 
 • nraMUttlill. Ilkn W 
 
 I'li-waiil M.iiihd, Ihind ... . 1^ 
 
 fl'Iraaaiill'lalna, htiiiiiiitiiiul' 
 Inimint tixtv*. Madlwin C 
 l>)«aaaiitV>ll.r, J.>l»aviiNW 
 I'lraaaul VI. w,iiiliU)U-f . W 
 
 /'(y.«.K.'.ill W 
 
 1-Iiimll''i.l. Kranklln B 
 
 fluiii 11111. Wakliltictun.. 
 Mum Itivrr. .l-> I>a*lcaa . 
 
 • I'lyiiioaili, llanouck.... 
 
 • I-.iaii. MatilMio 
 
 • I'<x-ah<>N«*a, lloud 
 
 lV.^l-upe 
 
 %t'«.iirk. Mnultf'inwr)'.. 
 
 .NW 
 
 . .I*W 
 
 1.6 
 
 • /'til'iN.l, lUiidulph,. 
 
 fl^.lil. (>Bli> .,., n 
 tiUt/nTt, (we Ml. Carmll) . . 
 
 ri.m.r.i». McfTiT NW 
 
 #I'>Jiiiii[>a, Jat;kwiu H 
 
 «l'..ii<iTiari. Warn-U W 
 
 • roiillnt-, IJvlnniou..., (.' 
 /'iinii'ii' Ju>t<-i(..n,I.'vlit|tU'ti(' 
 
 • I'DMbHMtK, lUni'Hh .... W 
 
 • ruiilart'lt). MiiMin NW 
 
 • i'ii|.larGr<ivt', M<h.|is . N 
 «/*oH/ioa<-WT,,J.. irvlaNW 
 
 • rciltll/mtt.lti'* k laUbd NW 
 
 • /■fjrl ByronJunclkfU, Itock 
 
 lilanJ N 
 
 Pnrtttntltt. .tai-kai)n S 
 
 Purl Jifkion. t:nmti>ra. . .HK 
 
 I'lirtland, Prank lln H 
 
 /'(^■iJiinil. Wbllwildi' NW 
 
 J'url tiu I'vinl, Halnl Cl'r HW 
 
 • fuacr. ( llnUiii. .....a 
 
 #Putuniu', ViTtiilUuu K 
 
 • I'ulUUiku, Prurta <' 
 
 Poarrliuin, itannwk W 
 
 I'ralr1n(ftilrp, U Halle M 
 
 • Pralrlnt Hv, Mi'I><>Quu«h W 
 ml'nilrls Crt*k,Vi\U .. NR 
 /V'llriflilu /'otii.SnInU'l'rHW 
 I'ralrlodu Ituchrr.U'uri'phHW 
 
 • I'ralrlnlUll. Mawia 6 
 
 rrHlr1uHuiii<<, filirlhy 
 
 Tralrtii Town. MadUoa € 
 
 ^itlrir VUtf, Ihiuglaa B 
 
 • I'ralrto Vlrw, Uke NK 
 
 I'rmincTllle. U-t... 
 tYatt, Wliltaaidt 
 
 , NW 
 
 W 
 ..HW 
 
 • PnnUriL Uorvan 
 PrratuD, Itandolph.... 
 i'Tflttfttuin. Taii'well.. 
 
 rrlr»>, I^wrrart^. ns 
 
 ItterllU. I»ra iMvna) 
 
 • I'rlnrclon, IlurMU N 
 
 • I'rIiiievUle, i'eurUl C 
 
 Proctor. Ford B 
 
 Vr^tntt, rnhm X 
 
 • ProphPUtowD, WhlUa'e NW 
 mPrt>aptcl, < hampal«n B 
 
 • />v-f"c(, BauyainuD C 
 
 PpMiterKr. Fraiikllii B 
 
 Pru'tdrnep, UurMU. ........ N 
 
 ProTlivt.<^»k NR 
 
 IMJol, IUDd.ilph 8W 
 
 fPulatkl, I'ulukI B 
 Li.iiK. hantiK-k ~ 
 i'lilli-T'a fc- — 
 
 • I'uflMiai), Co 
 
 • r«r(lnff(on,t.«M>k.. 
 
 • /■uI(,Vm*, Fulton . 
 
 • I'utiiatii, 1 utuatn... 
 
 • l')mil. Prrfr 
 
 tjutrii ^'|ly, i-^acbmtt).. 
 mQaemthilf. t'lj 
 Ouliitry, HliPlby ", 
 
 • qt>lNt'Y,Adatna 
 
 • UhIiiiu JunriloH, I'lkp. . . 
 
 VuJrw. Ua«iii H 
 
 KaiT'-iu, Marltiu 
 
 Itadillrvtlle, .Iichaun 
 
 • IUdriird,<:iir.atlui 
 
 • ft.iJIrif, li-a 
 
 • JU'Jollt. WuhluftoD 
 
 ^K iniiown.JaatN-r. 
 
 • Miiha.Haltitclalr « 
 
 • )Uict|th,8«llDe 
 
 ^(iiittyrilU, PiKirta 
 
 • Ilaiiiwr FayMU 
 
 ..NK 
 
 .i;;:;7k.; 
 
 • ll.in<]..lph, MrLMD BW 
 
 IJaiiB-', .Iril.r-.ii 8 
 
 ' I •/.VixiiH.sahit I'lair BW 
 
 u •llniikln. Vrnnlll'iii ...F. 
 
 4| • lUiuiiii), U Halle N 
 
 1 1 9 IbmUnO. CtoiuyaiBB B 
 
 • lU^ila I'llrTKicfc tail'4. M W M 
 
 i HarUlR. ititM .1 BLi 
 
 lUrllaa,HaiMtor«u« W til 
 
 (Uutn, Piifa ■ ll 
 
 • M»r«), Rd«a* ..ll X 
 
 i lUoiMXHHt, l'w». Ml • 
 
 ilUtlnla, Uka Nj IH 
 
 mhtit.ilit. PullMI W «n 
 
 itUr. Hihuflar W IM 
 
 i HaritKind. M<>at||>iiiM>rr C Ml 
 
 Iir.iVriM«.V»ni.>ll..ii B 
 
 irrad'r. Mai'<iit(»lH . ,., It iy 
 
 f llaadlna, iJtltinlt.M C lOU 
 
 Mtftt'TTIlU, ym-n llr<ii.|Mua) " 
 
 «I1im| Hud. I4aiiilt>l|>li, . MW 1,11* 
 
 tl|<^dk k, KankakM ... K l«J 
 
 r.fAMi.l. nirhlaiHl KB 
 
 «l(rdnii.H, Mnr B H 
 
 l(r.l<>ak. NI't>fiPiiann NW lU 
 
 m/Uii>,k.*-i iid.H.Nfriih'nNW ■ 
 
 /^rfA ■M<('|..'l>«|ut,lUlt HW lUO 
 
 liio'l. tli'ii'lt'fai'ii W lU 
 
 :AV*,Uf# MM*iupm i; y 
 
 ft*fa§n<>4nng.U(M>mt.. N x 
 
 0H»*». r'fiti.kllu... • X 
 
 ||pfvi'a*in# Ji'hnaitD...... B K 
 
 H-t-tw, J. th, »,n B X 
 
 ltr|[i.|ii, Ji.iitii>in. B y 
 
 AVt.. »,» t, U Halle , . . N 1(1 
 
 • ArlW .V«m*<r CM«, Tai*- 
 
 WfTl ......u « X 
 
 • tt>rfa/ f,>,mhw Tim. TaM> 
 
 •all I] X 
 
 llrnauli, M.mrua IW UU 
 
 «llf no. H.ixd ,, n luO 
 
 SI(rniihic<r,Baimclalr...»W 19 
 
 Wr/r.-.i. f«.>k ,. NB X 
 
 • IbXHiia*. Il..rk InUoi NW lOU 
 ilUyn:i.u.Vuiua B X 
 
 • lll.r»l.a. (•..•k... NK X 
 
 • Au AiiMt. IJI Mallv N 4a 
 
 Slllrhardaon. Kane N «1 
 
 HlrhSrlil, Adam* ., W «) 
 
 • Itli'hland, Kanitainoii,.., C Ml 
 rtkAloMii ifrvtftU k laI'dN W Tl 
 tlllrtiiiiiihd, Mrllcurr ... N 411 
 
 • Uiil.1 l.iok. NB 490 
 
 «l(l<liUr«, WaaliliiHlon. . H 4«a 
 
 lti< ll W..,.U, Crawfnrd . . HK x 
 
 Hlikrl.H.nry NW y 
 
 • lli<1h< I xnii. V>.ro>lli'in K TV7 
 
 • l(ldM>n-l.|. IMIviiry . N ItU 
 %tiut<,,,,u-l. I ...k . .. NK 3tMi 
 
 RUiiltfil), !<jniraiii'>ii ... i: t.liil 
 
 I't^K Pmlric.hiiiuil lair.HW /. 
 
 • HidKr. lUf. UMitmla K 39 
 
 • ItlilKwar, (lulUtlii HK Aid 
 
 • Kld-ill. ht«plwuaw« NW 4tJlj 
 
 nnflf.' lay H .■; 
 
 tltlK iK.ii, frtdt W M 
 
 • m> /\lllf>. HallM , H lutl 
 
 • lUuard. Waiiie NB IH 
 
 • KlnxttiXKl, Ucllaurr M Sua 
 
 • t(li>, Knoi W Ml 
 
 • Id'.la. VVrFiiUlOo B H 
 
 mi'it-r, iir..wri w am 
 
 ItiixloFi. Hniiii (lair BW m 
 
 • ItUiiiit ( liatnnalm B M 
 
 • ItUk. lJ>inn{u(i ,0 tl 
 
 • IliU'Iiry. wm fJl tl 
 
 #l(itfiaal>>. I'vuk NB • 
 
 %IUvtt,uHf,iiretM W y 
 
 ^tHrrr /■.wTf»(,<\.iik NB l'.4l 
 
 • Ulfrdriivr. J'.H.k VK Vn 
 
 • /lirrr In-Uii*. hulnl ( TrN W k 
 
 fiUviTKlilx. li-i. NK fiK] 
 
 Airfftt<i«>/uri''ll<rn,l'Mik..NK H 
 
 9 IUreru>u, HaiiKaiii'm (' i.ttl 
 
 #/fiMji'AM, JrSrr«iii,..,,...H x 
 
 • KuauokD.Wo<idrurtl C BSI 
 
 • ltubrr1a,Vord X W 
 
 • Rob Inatin.r raw ford. . BB l.stil 
 
 rEiihlnaxD (. n-fk. Khrlbr U U 
 
 AoAlniDFt't, lUudtilpb ....BW V 
 
 • Horh'^llr'. 4WI>' N t.'iHl 
 
 • l(uclirat«r, Maniau)i>ii.... U •!! 
 
 Ro>Krttn; Wabaah HK y 
 
 l(<Hk, Pope B »i 
 
 • lt<M-ktirld|e, U m-iie W SJ( 
 
 • KurkCltjr, ttu-pheuaoii. NW w 
 ItMTk (rrt-k, llanlln HK U 
 
 • IliHkfrllcr, Uke NK IM 
 
 #lbHk halK Whlt«>alde..NW I.M 
 
 • Itufkriird.Wiuucbacu. N t3.M 
 
 • lUxk lNUniJ.lt.l.. NW IS,W 
 mH(i,k Itliniit JuHCihii, 
 
 Wl,ll».|ilil« SW X 
 
 • K.-^ki>.itt.Plke W W 
 
 • ItiHkiuu. Wlnnrliuu ti W. 
 
 ItiA'kttUr, Kanknkt-r K » 
 
 HM-kw.Hid, ltan.l..1p]| .... HW lU 
 
 • KifiMrti. Jii ItuMrM NW < 
 
 • Itotirr'aPark. ( <>uk NK I.TU 
 
 • Itunrer, U'.ripiu W >: 
 
 • KuUlul, White BR Si 
 
 Bolllna, Uke NB » 
 
 «nollu.l>t<Kalb N m 
 
 • lloiue, Peoria K 
 
 Aofita, JhRc nuD 8 I M 
 
 mHotneo, Will NB D 
 
 • AuRdouf, Lake Nk la 
 
 • lloudhutiir. Urwne W S,Mi 
 
 • Hoak't Crtfk, Uvtngalun. .U X 
 
 • AoMltAa, UvtonBUiu. <: l( 
 
 • HuaNiruofh, Kuidulpk .BW M 
 
 #Ri)a(X>fi, WlnnvlMUCu N M 
 
 ittotv* (Vue'i;, WfunebeiuN > 
 
 Aixa. lnM|ii>ila K ■ 
 
 lUwe Hud. PuM> B h 
 
 UiMrcranM, lake NK M 
 
 Kiiafdalr, J.raer »W « 
 
 mttoM //hi, Cook NB a 
 
 • Iboii H 111. Jaapar BR IM 
 
 IU««'laiid, I i-ik NB « 
 
 • ItcNfUr, l>urn«e NB M 
 
 VitiiM-iiKiud. ClirtiUan NjI 
 
 • Buartlllf, Warrtn W TM 
 
 noarouiHl, J^'ITcrauu 8 > 
 
 Ktiatrlam, Uardln 6K II 
 
 Itualrn.CutiiU'iland K 
 
 |{.M (iruve, DcKalb N 
 
 • Ituaavllk, Vrrnillli.n R 
 
 • IttiuiidOruVf, WldtcaldeNW 
 
 • Itouiid Kiiidi, Maiaac H 
 
 • U'lue, UvliiniuD C 
 
 #ifc.»m. i>.'Wiu u 
 
 lt.i)al,CliaiiipalKii B 
 
 Jt'itctta, lleitdpraoo W 
 
 Kiiark, iJKtma'n.,.. NK 
 
 %Huhu. Winiirliaffo N 
 
 • Ituicl'I'. iJtlutCaUiu C 
 
 ItuTiia, ttaiidulvh BW 
 
 I'upe, Jfffiraun S 
 
 ttural. Hrnk lalaiid NW 
 
 ttural Mill, llainlltun B 
 
 lliMti. J<i Pavk-ia NW 
 
 • Itiiahvllle, Hvhujter.. W 
 mHHttttt, i lay H 
 
 • ltii**t'll. Ltk NR 
 
 KuaavlKrille, Uvrraoa ....NB 
 
 • Rutland, La Belle N 
 
 • JuftiHO, McLrau C 
 
 •.Vii<T(i»MN(u. Kankakee... E 
 
 • Sai^raiitrniti, Whtu BE 
 
 • fail.ifiin (uanipalgn K 
 
 • rtntf lindKP. Couk NE 
 
 tMaOuna, kUMB ti 
 
 MP TOVB. 
 
 i 
 
 •Balnlttwrka,Katw 
 
 rkalNl IkiHd, VuiioR 
 HalutRliiHi. ra/eiu ... a 
 MttMt V<iH.|, <<>.>k . . NK 
 ' rtaat'la*'*, UvtiaNK 
 
 is 
 
 Ball 
 
 A 
 
 ..HB 
 
 JMUaona. Kaitkakfa . .. 
 
 KBaloUMS'l), Ma<llMit> hW 
 aBlJaiiira, tar'lte B 
 
 iiatiil John, IVrrr B 
 HalnlJiMvi'li, ( Itainfoua It 
 lnl|jli..rr. Halnillair ..NW 
 
 • Halnl Mart.-, ,laap*r NH 
 
 • -•^ilnt Jf.iry, InHju'ila ... N 
 .«<IIMl UlryB, llatirmk . ,.W 
 Haint M'lrvait, Ua-llan't . NW 
 jV.tl'il /''iMiii.iM-a VaiiOrlu) 
 
 Halitt Paul, Fa)ili« A 
 
 Halnl t|..a*, i lini-n B 
 
 .ifiMil Wm.Ul,i lay H 
 
 SItolani, Warli>i> B 
 kllna. Hankakrr B 
 
 «»lluoMni'->. i.allalln BR 
 
 ~ till tin ty, haiiiraoi.. i) 
 
 N.IUtnk. r,.P.|f ... Hi 
 .^.^'KlfyM* Ai.(l-V.l>rWlM (! 
 
 ittntiaa^ Kmn W 
 
 Bautoin, Uwaar . 
 Baniafllla, Itdvarda,. 
 
 Baabum, JohiiM-it 
 
 SnnaLai\U^r NB 
 
 fManduTal, Marlmt B 
 (a>l frmrta, iM-aHauda),.., 
 
 • .VdNil/rhlfltf. Urniidy N 
 
 fHaa't hidiv. Jarkaiiti...,..N 
 
 #MaatU, Tuewoll ,, (1 
 
 -t.'Tiini/f, WhilMlita NW 
 
 l.«<iail.Wiur, Haiolidph . BW 
 l/Titaila )Y<i}p1#. Taaawrll . .C 
 
 iHanduaky, Alnaiidar ■ 
 
 I.ViiNdMly, Vrrtnllloa B 
 
 iHaudMlrh, l>»Kalh N 
 
 lanf'ira»iH*, Wl)lu-alda..NW 
 g Hao|ain<iii, Uarva. . 
 
 ■ Bail ii'Hv, ataaon .... 
 Baal* V^, Ataaandef . 
 
 Afrnotfii, Marahall 
 
 Habi, Jaa'kmn 
 
 :Kauuaiiiin, UrlufaUiD. . 
 Havanna, Carroll 
 
 Champalffn , ,., 
 tenry., 
 
 Hrhapvllle. Jo Davlraa . , 
 Bcbaufflhurir. c<M'k 
 • A-AIJbriVl'.l'ui 
 Bi-htwl, Wbiu. . 
 
 I.ll« 
 
 ■s 
 
 - jiniciair. «tw 
 
 -hniaUllla, Greene W 
 
 ■h«rr, InHitioia — k 
 
 Boti.l«. U(-t)uunuil) W 
 
 f .«(ro~-«, Vrnnlllon B 
 
 j9p»ti(laKBalnt Clair BW 
 
 •SMtt lAbd, i:diar R 
 
 fkotlUm,Ur<.wii.... W 
 
 ffBcolUbnrth. MtltunuiiMti W 
 catt'kHtatiiH.it^m Wabaah) 
 
 M-olWilU, lareWabaafe) 
 
 Hiouvllle. Hamapia H W 
 
 tleuvet,IJtliiiiB(aii ,..() 
 ire,lloekI Uud NW 
 
 • BeabtD. Mert'cr NW 
 
 •HeaU>n*lUr, Ilurran N 
 
 (rrbaBiop>iL Madiaon BW 
 
 9HMMir, WuntU'ird U 
 
 • Herhom, V\)^« W 
 
 H**Bti'r,c».ok NB 
 
 Bi'11r(a,l'lititi|ialiin . K 
 
 Sfthngtr. hiiliitl lair BW 
 
 Hrliiiu, Mil^-tii C 
 
 SttMU'trf/, >,i)cH.' H 
 
 • Hrana. [.aHaUa H 
 
 Brpo, Kiilbm .W 
 
 • Hcrcna. U Halle N 
 
 • Hevtili', Kiiltiin W 
 
 >bcwarU. WinnclwiD N 
 
 IvitiiD, Ebelliv 
 
 #Heyin<mr, ( hampalcn R 
 
 • Hbal'lNiua, ItaKalh N 
 
 HhatitwuaOniva, ItaKalb. . N 
 
 «Bhanuou. (arrolt NW 
 
 Bbarun, lleonr NW 
 
 • Hharpaburtli, Chrlallao ...O 
 Sharpa t'dV>(*n>*'"'>^oBBUr> 
 
 JiNtaaUuc, t lliibin tl 
 A<]ui<i£i<>VA,Cwk NK 
 
 • HbBW.Ue N 
 
 iSkawne*Junt:, llanilllua.B 
 
 • Nhiiwni««t»«rn,<>all'loHfr 
 %SKt*p /*»«, (iruudj N 
 
 • Hbefflrld. Hnrean N 
 
 •Mh«l()y*llle, Bbelbr...B 
 
 • BheldoD, Iruqunla K 
 
 Bbeliua'a Or«vK. Btliuyler . W 
 
 alBhepbenl, pike W 
 herburnMlle, KankakM. ..R 
 
 • Bhcrtdau, l.a Halle N 
 
 • 5A4rtd<>HJ»M''.l.ahaUe..N 
 
 VSherman, Haiiifaiiiou .C 
 
 •Hberiiirrtme, Cook NB 
 
 HhetirrvlUe, llanUn B8 
 
 AAWld.Llke NK 
 
 Hblloh, Baliit CUlr BW 
 
 Btalh) ( rntrr. Ltiainpalsa. . " 
 Bhilu nill. Randolph . 
 Bblukle, Btaalhj ., 
 
 • HhlUii,Ptki W 
 
 • Shlpmau, Maixjupln C 
 
 #8htrlaad, WinnchaBu N 
 
 • BhIrlrr.Url'iii BW 
 
 • Hbobunler. Payrtte B 
 
 %tihoH SUtina, PiHirIa 
 
 • .VAwidiff I'.trk, liMk , . , NB 
 •Shop Cfrtkj, Montitumery.C 
 •Hhiiiiiwar, fimDHbain H 
 
 • Hlltlrr. Ford E 
 
 B 
 
 . N 
 
 SiHtditry, Clianipa n> B 
 imrrt, Edward HK 
 
 • k1|vI, Hhrlliy .U 
 
 Sll-win. IlMwti .. W 
 
 Hlht-r Crvek, Cal oun W 
 
 mivtrCrttk. Madlaon C 
 
 HllrerUm, Jaaiwr SB 
 
 • tiliiiooa, L'«ok NE 
 
 • KlmpauD, Jdhnaun ....8 
 
 • 811 Ulle, Wayue 8R 
 
 BkBles,Hbelb)r V. 
 
 • Bkalton, Luftan O 
 
 • Hiiilthboruujib, lluod S 
 
 •HnilUidale. rjvtnitatoo U 
 
 ffiBmlthfteld, KuHun W 
 
 • Bmlththlre, Warrm W 
 
 imt:\ /.'(rtf.(Ma Mprnmao Pi.) 
 Btnltbtxn, fealttt CUlr. .. . . .HW' 
 
 Hm1IL>lllr. Pr*>r1a C 
 
 • HriiiittirnfitU, rratikUn...a 
 
 nmratlr, ItlMCin NW 
 
 Huldrr, Veniillit.B..... X 
 
 Bnowtuka, Fnuitlin 8 
 
 ..8W 
 
 eointr. iitai. pm. 
 
 & 
 
 \ 
 
 M.,m4,Att 
 
 11% McHanrr 
 
 BumanalilUURe,.. ... 
 •nuntuuavk, IipIUIb... h 
 Himora, Haitrmk W 
 
 • iU>r«iil<>, Iki»d I 
 
 i.^tHiA i-faluv*. Ihifaie NX 
 
 Buutli .. iiiarva, NailHa 1 
 
 Mfuth'i'Hpt-n, (•*• PrlMWf'Bi 
 
 ?t.-n,k A <r-r.,. Kan* . N 
 MMiih' i.i'a«», <<«.k NB 
 .^oHHKS,..,^,.-<h..f.,,t ..ikNi 
 
 • 4<'M|A rkt,,ttf., .inj /ti-uik- 
 
 .ni,;MH,llu., l.-,k NX 
 Hi'Vtk tkthnU*. V»r)Hllv»n B 
 H r.iui pltMiB, I -'b NB 
 
 • n.iulh Fliiln, Kan.- H 
 a.v.ihlA A/'nAMral.tiul'agaNB 
 
 • H nli.|k*...d. CkInK 
 
 • .<<i.ittA yiai-ni ni.lJmn-ltvm, 
 
 C.-ik Hi 
 
 • Btiutll Eraiialon. I ta>k NB 
 msonik FrMb'Wt, filrp'a HW 
 
 BouUiaruve.livKalb N 
 
 HuiiUi lUrvar. CmA . . NB 
 Bttuib ll'ndvrvun, Hender'aW 
 
 Biiuih ir>llv>d,C<Kik NX 
 
 \,Htt\ llui.tt, WhlU-alde NW 
 
 t-iotilkJuir, iiaiiii ClalrHW 
 H-mili l.fnn'.look . , NB 
 H.> Mi.uni »'•.rr•^l.•••k NB 
 
 ^l^ (M'li 
 
 »i* rt 
 
 -,* SB 
 
 lAHaik. 
 
 1.1. Pf 
 
 'oiWA i . 
 
 <»uihf"rt, .r,„i, 
 
 i<ii<(A HU*a*t"nJ. I<i»k 
 
 tSuuW H>^»i 1. I iHik. 
 .V»wl* AA«rv, 
 
 .*.kl*.<^r(N|tn#f.l, Habf'U .0 
 
 BoulhwaaklVMik NB 
 
 Bpaitkey,i)ar«>r . BW 
 
 «M'*«. (ItuKiii B 
 
 Bpark'allill, Hardin BK 
 
 «Buarhoil, WarUiall C 
 
 • HparU,iUn.tolpli BW 
 
 HnaMidtui, BaUHaifiuB I.' 
 
 • Huennir.Wlll NB 
 
 • hprlhM.llro^n W 
 
 Hprliif fiar, W.MKUord...... (1 
 
 f sprTniniuff. tAke... ht 
 th'Tinjl'T^k. (ire IVI H«>) . 
 
 • Hprrnferlon, Whlt^.t. ..hX 
 
 • NVHlNOriKLII.BaVni- 
 ^.•h>nnifiwt.tJunr .Kanca'nU 
 sprint Oardrn, J'lfanon... N 
 HprlntrOrote, Mi Henry. . N 
 f«prinK Mill. Hhiualde... KW 
 .spn>\ti li\k*, Ma*<>u.. "'" 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 ..i 
 
 M 
 
 X 
 
 « 
 
 mt 
 
 X 
 
 m 
 
 X 
 X 
 
 A 
 
 . llniWB.. 
 
 ,, Adama . . 
 , . on Vald-ir, llureau.. 
 • Hprlninlltr, (i, 
 C stale*, ■■ 
 
 >, Lbaninaign 
 
 .H 
 
 ,0 
 
 ..NW 
 
 ;:yiS 
 
 ,.NB 
 
 • ^iprfnii 
 
 C stale*, I 
 
 • MaltloKa, Mtdla>.u 
 
 SBuuf'>rd. MrUan 
 4t>ilf'H, HtcphroauU . . , 
 BUr, Haiii<<.ck 
 
 • tiUrk.htark 
 
 Suirkt. tare Mayne) 
 
 itrnM, H«itK«iittiu ... 
 «/.(na.( Ifitk 
 
 • -^MM /<-*, C.H.k 
 
 ~ (.ila/.laf. VrniilUon. 
 
 UunloiL Matiiiipln.. 
 Bta^nuitur, la Halm 
 
 • .Mr«l«, Will 
 
 • Ki^lRtllle, Itandolpb, 
 
 • Mb'tlliiH. wblteaUle. . .. 
 
 • Htavrna, HU-|i|ii-uaiia. . 
 
 • Nifwaril. \r->' 
 
 • Sbiwardaoii. Hhelby .. 
 
 • .V(i.-»n..tf.ri-.k 
 
 • HUllman V.illpy, U|Ie. 
 
 • Suiwcll, Ilanr.ick n 
 
 WurnmlJnue. Maroupln....!! 
 
 ttuM-kund, Iri'iiuola ,B 
 
 •HtcM'kb>n, Ji> liavleoe . . . N W 
 .SkH-ka, Taiowell V. 
 
 • Htock Yarda, Coiik NK 
 
 %Su>ck }Vird«jHii<>.,CookNB 
 •■VKMAra Taaearall G 
 
 • ttb.kra, WLIte 8B 
 
 • Htiine. {r*> N 
 
 ■S'lotia jirfuiM, C(Hik NB 
 
 HijineCliun-b, WaahlUKtuu . B 
 
 • Slonr Fort, Hallne H 
 
 su»i* ruiirt*, Adania W 
 
 • .s'luria V'J'Tv, Haini CI'rBW 
 hbnifa Coruvra, McHenrjr. . . N 
 
 • Hti'Dlujni'n, ( hrlRiliin L 
 
 • Htuokey.BalnU lair.. ..BW 
 
 • .•doNV/ittina.lubk NB 
 
 • 8t»y, Crawford HR 
 
 • Btraabursh, Hhelby C 
 
 • HtraUurd. Ogle N 
 
 • flO-uu/.ribfl W 
 
 • SIrawD, Unuinrtvii C 
 
 • 8l«ator,UBaIle N 
 
 tItrMlorJune, UHaU«....N 
 mfUMatorJuHc, Wdr-tTd.,0 
 Slriniitavn, Itre Pilluula) . . 
 Htrlnpowii, Itlchland hK 
 
 • HtniDgbural, HeuderaoD. W 
 
 • Stn.ut. pike W 
 
 JtBtubbleflcId, Iluud B 
 turgU, Cook NR 
 
 •Hublette, Ue N 
 
 Umi, Mert-er NW 
 
 Kiifli-m, Maron 8 
 
 • ■Vui/iirtY^ri, Jai-kaon B 
 
 • su^ar drove Kane N 
 
 •NuUlvnii, Uouiirte C 
 
 • .Sunimerdali-.Ci'uk NK 
 
 • 8uininerfl<-ld. Halnt ClaU. 8 
 
 Buniimr Hill, Pike W 
 
 mtttii.uiifri, iUlma BW 
 
 • Sunimpraon, HaliilCUIr. . B 
 
 • BMiiiinll,C.«>k NK 
 
 • .VummK. KiioK. W 
 
 ■Vumtiili, itnrk Ulaad NW 
 
 • .Vui/.fiilt, halnillair.... HW 
 
 SH.iiiimll, Will NK 
 i<>jtmll.s'("llufi. (ai-e Vieuiui) 
 Buiriuiutii, FulluD W 
 
 • SiimnerJLawreUi-e 
 
 HitKiptvr. Wblte ..... 
 
 HtintN-diii, U«rrrr 
 
 /fMNbury, (atre Ilwlfbt)., 
 
 Huuneld. Perhf 
 
 •Hiinoy IIill.ilenrT 
 
 Hunrlte. UBalle , 
 
 • Sunaet, Kane 
 
 • '•wfTrju, Warrto 
 
 HiiiKr, flanouck 
 
 • HwaiiCri-ek, Warren., 
 
 • '«anicv. Kdfar 
 
 • hwanwkk. Perry , 
 
 > *<d<ina, Merrpf. 
 
 • .'iw«4>t Watf r. Uanard. 
 .iwlihfr, I>fWnt 
 
 • ■VtM(c*/>.,Ford 
 
 • daryprt. I.Hit'K«(.ii .. 
 
 • HyriamorB.I'eKali' . .__ 
 i •6>a«Mvn tunc. 1>«KjuB,1I 
 
 8 
 >A 
 
 X 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
 i 
 
 10 
 
 i 
 
 A 
 
 NK 
 
 I,U«7 
 
 NW 
 
 d 
 
 
 X 
 
 
 
 NW 
 
 » 
 
 ..M 
 ...N 
 
 & 
 
 ..w 
 
 X 
 
 ..w 
 
 .8 
 
 ..K 
 
 « 
 
 H 
 
 ii» 
 
 NW 
 
 IH 
 
 ...C 
 
 M) 
 
 V 
 
 B 
 
 ...c 
 
 a 
 
 ■« 
 
 «.•" 
 
MAP INDEX OF ILLINOIS. 
 
 ipiiiti 
 
 iliill 
 : J 
 
 TDvii. coamTi. laoBX. 
 
 BjtTin. (:ti» W 
 
 • KrmrrtoD, Will.. N't 
 
 •1..bkUrare, V- .Inn .....W 
 
 • TUlDlK. Hrunl C 
 
 • Tninnlco, B<ind 8 
 
 ^mareck. Will NK 
 
 •Tamsniik, Ferry H 
 
 • TUni|tlco, WbllMlde,,,. NW 
 
 fi Tan—Utti^astimon C 
 uuu:. Popt' B 
 
 Taylor, >irlV N 
 
 Tutor 11)11. l-rtnklln S 
 
 •tirlor Kl'ltr. IhK-k lal'd HW 
 •Taylorvlllf . CtarUUan. .C 
 9TfiUni, 1 It !'aiTC NB 
 
 • TcbtmD, Mfdiii. NW 
 
 Trmple ll1ll,l'i|K> R 
 
 •'IrnneiiK.f. Mi l>oiic)U|ib..W 
 
 • TcmCotu, Mcflpr ....N 
 Terra lUii(«, IltiiilFrwtD — W 
 
 • TpuWpohii, F.mnKhaiii — 8 
 
 • T«iMritr.8aUtie B 
 
 ?TtMrlierr. HaixlltUD 8 
 karktrv, llan)II.An B 
 
 • ThaU:kir-§ t'ark, <:<>ok , NK 
 
 •Thawvlllft, Iroquota K 
 
 Ttacbea, Aleiander 8 
 
 The GniTC. Look NK 
 
 Ttiumaa, Har«au N 
 
 •T)ion)aabornii,t'i,Cb'p'D. . . R 
 #Thoinaa*tllc. MoDtflumcrr V. 
 •Ttiompaonvtlln, Frankllu. .B 
 
 •ThoinauD. Carrdll N W 
 
 •TbimtoD, Cook NK 
 
 • Thornton June., Cook . . N K 
 ThrM Ullfl rralrle, Wau'D. B 
 
 7*Aiirm«m Hamltton 8 
 
 •Tice, Hp&ard C 
 
 ficona, U Balle N 
 
 •TtldeD, lUudolph 6W 
 
 TUe Faclon/Su)Hch,\ trm'aS 
 Tii/iinl(aee BInfort) 
 
 • ruimaK, SalDt CUlr. . . .SW 
 
 • rufon, Vennlllioi) B 
 
 mfimbuctoo, C*rroU....NW 
 
 •nme. Pike KW 
 
 TtmoUij CamberUnd K 
 
 •Tinlev Park, Cook KM 
 
 Tlosft, Ilancock W 
 
 •'Hakllwa, Barean N 
 
 "nidd'a T'olal. KtiflbT C 
 
 •Toledo, (;uul^enand F. 
 
 • Tolono, ChampklgQ K 
 
 TdIuck, Marahall G 
 
 #Tomllaaoa,Champ*l|n... K 
 
 •Tonic*. U BaUe M 
 
 •TonU, MariOQ B 
 
 •Toppka, Mbk>d NW 
 
 •Toulot.,Ki*rk C 
 
 •TowandK, McLeui 8W 
 
 •Tftwer Illll, Bbelbr G 
 
 Timer, Cook If B 
 
 • TVocy, KankakM K 
 
 •Tremont, Taaewell C 
 
 • Trenton, CUiitoD H 
 
 Triffa'a JftJI. EfflnBhain....K 
 
 •Trfua. (:.>!« K 
 
 •TrimblP, Crawford ...... BK 
 
 • I'rlumph, La Balle N 
 
 •TrtToll, PfwrU V 
 
 • TroHtdale, Jo Datieaa. NW 
 
 •Troatnan, Macon C 
 
 •TrowbrtdBP, Bhclby C 
 
 #TTi>r. MadlHon BW 
 
 Trojf (M-B-Inlli'l) 
 
 •Troy Ortivc U. dalle N 
 
 •Trumbull, White 8S 
 
 Trmro, Knox W 
 
 • TrutUrJitLtifKaua C 
 
 Truxtom, Diircau N 
 
 POP. Towi. cxiniiTT. noBz. POP. TOWS. ODcarr. imdi; 
 
 TtTOOV OTare, MrHeniT' . . . M 
 •Tucker, Xarkakeit I 
 
 ftTurttr, 0|.<) W 
 nUunor*. IVwweU C 
 
 •Tnonel nill. .Inbiuna 8 
 
 m Tunnel SieiUt.JKTUf. 8W 
 
 •Turner, Du ptn NK 
 
 rurntrPnrk.CtMk NB 
 
 •Tiirptn, Macon C 
 
 •Tuieolm, Pouglaa K 
 
 TwM //iTfa. UBalle N 
 
 • Twin urnvf, Hclxao 
 
 VdlDa,Kane N 
 
 • UUh Ilenrr NW 
 
 • rfsry, k.>ultrte U 
 
 • UUIn, Pnlaakl ..8 
 
 Uirich, Moultrie C 
 
 mUnlon, Clark ..K 
 
 • f/fffoN. MaaoD -..C 
 
 • Union. Mrllriirr N 
 
 Union Ccntrr.CitiiittcrU'.d. K 
 
 • UnlouUrovf.wlilKntda WW 
 
 • Uftlti.i Illll, Kanhakee....R 
 
 Unl»H Point. Union B 
 
 Unicr ffloc* ror(tt,(k»ck.NE 
 
 mtonvllle, Maaaw H 
 
 U DitT. Aleiander tt 
 
 • Upper AIU>n, Ma(llaiin..RW 
 C^pprr >1Jton;(M..M«dlaon8W 
 
 • Crbawa, CtMUuptttn K 
 
 • Urw, Adania W 
 
 Uatlck. WhlteaWe NW 
 
 Uub, warrpn W 
 
 (/f(ra(aee Baunw) 
 
 • UUck, UKatle N 
 
 Utopia, Du PaRC NR 
 
 • Valley CltfTPIke W 
 
 Van Hurpn.1)eKalb N 
 
 VanrlU I'ottil, MacouplD.BW 
 
 • Vnnilnlln,Kayp(te 8 
 
 Vandtrcodk, Vcmillloo K 
 
 • VanOrln, Itureau N 
 
 • VanSittnbfrffSiOiHff.ViR 
 
 • Vanu, Marahall <; 
 
 Veoedy, Washington U 
 
 -« Kmedy Station, WuhVn.S 
 
 K^l, Efflnithain 8 
 
 • Venice, MadtaoQ 8W 
 
 • F<iilc<, BalntCUlr HW 
 
 • r«nlre A CarondtUt June, 
 BiUnlCUjr, 8W 
 
 • Vera. Fayette H 
 
 • VerCLunea, Jackson 8 
 
 • Vennlllon Grove, Vennl*D£ 
 
 • VermlUon. Ednr R 
 
 VennllUonTllleTL* Salle .... N 
 
 • Vermont, Fulton W 
 
 Vernal, Vermilion K 
 
 • Vernon, Marlon 8 
 
 • Verona- GrunJy H 
 
 • VeraaJlles, Brown V 
 
 • Vevay Park, Camberlaiid.B 
 ytaduei JuHctiOH, Cook. . NB 
 Vlctoria,Knox W 
 
 • nr(or(<i, Caaa W 
 
 • Vienna. Johnson 8 
 
 • /llla Grure, Douglaa K 
 
 • Villa Illdge. Pulaaki 8 
 
 Vniaa, Crawford SB 
 
 • Vtnttantt, Unloa ,..S 
 
 • VtoU, Mercer NW 
 
 • VIrden, Maroupln BW 
 
 • Vlrvlnla, Casa w 
 
 ?rtrtintaJunctton.Cut..W 
 UAn«ir, McUonousn W 
 
 Volo, Lake NE 
 
 • VoorUea, platt r. 
 
 • ru/can, Monroe 8\« 
 
 1Fa*oM.Plke W 
 
 Wabaah. Warna NB 
 
 • Wataak, White 8R 
 
 •Waddan'aUmre.fit'h'n NW 
 
 • Wadawoith. Lake.. 
 
 .BW 
 
 • WadjrPrtr>.Htark, 
 
 SVf.-Mnmaev, MoiitRiifii«ry..U 
 attnera l^adlDn, Jarkaoii. B 
 
 WakrnfM, KIchland «K 
 
 mWnlHfn. Cook NR 
 
 • W ■f'MWmCmiwtfrv.C'k. Nl 
 
 • Waidmn. Kankrtcei R 
 
 b'fti/-«, itRlP H 
 
 • Walkor, Macon C 
 
 • H'a/t^. Will NR 
 
 Wilkervllle,Orecni< W 
 
 Wall, Jefferwn B 
 
 • Wallace, iMi Kalb N 
 
 K'nUira/fM,, (am lUpat^r). . 
 WalU-Walla,CnmberIand.. B 
 
 Wai'twain, Ifenderaon W 
 
 WahlDKfonl, Will NR 
 
 • n'ninui, linnau N 
 
 • Watnutllnxe. M'Dou'h. W 
 
 • Witnut Hill, Marlon 8 
 
 • Wit Inul J unellor. Rama V 
 
 • Walnut" ' ,i:Urk.... K 
 Wnlpiilc. Itauillion 8 
 
 • Walsiivtile, Hon1«r)mery..C 
 WalUmhufBh, Pop*- 8 
 
 • Walton, l*e N 
 
 Waliortboniugh, tlallatlu. .BB 
 
 WanboT't (unt Alhlon) 
 
 «kWau<U. Madliou.. 
 
 • Wanii. Madlaoii... 
 
 • Wanclla, I>(tWUl v. 
 
 • H'dtvU.Satiit Clair HW 
 
 • H'o*^ tfiilon 8 
 
 • W.r^ier. Henry HW 
 
 • Wamn, Jo Daikn . . . N W 
 
 • WarTfn/turtt, Uul>age..NR 
 
 • Warrensliun;, Macon c 
 
 • Kara^nton. Edmr.. K 
 
 • WarrcntonCfrnff. I^ke.NR 
 
 Warrent lltr, Imraie NK 
 
 %H'arrinfr». Aleiander S 
 
 • Warsaw, Lisurock ...W 
 
 wanhunr, w-.nroe BW 
 
 • H'(r*renAuri(. Onrase. .NB 
 Wartrare, .fihoson 8 
 
 • rt-uco.K<^^e N 
 
 • Waahburn. Wiodford C 
 
 • Waahlnffton, Taseweil C 
 
 •« Waah'gt'n Hetffhtr, Cook NR 
 yiuhinatan Park.Cook. .SS 
 
 • Wn(aKB.Knox W 
 
 O Wiilch Fartorv, Kane...,N 
 
 • Wn^rliMi, Monroe BW 
 
 • Watertiian, l>cKalti N 
 
 • Wati-ru.* n, K<«k lal'u:' N W 
 
 Wauconda. LAke NK 
 
 • Wankesan.Lake.... NB 
 
 • Wauponse, Grundy N 
 
 • Waverly. Honran W 
 
 Wartaod, Schnylrr W 
 
 • Wayne, nn!»a*;e NR 
 
 U'dFtie, Jarkaon S 
 
 • WayuaCltr. Wsyne NR 
 
 • WaynesTlUe DeWitl .C 
 
 %Wmv*t lint. Union ..8 
 
 • Wtbb3. Jffferwin ....& 
 
 VVebU's Hill. Krankltn ' 
 
 Wehntcr. Hnnrock \ 
 
 • Wedroo. U Balle N 
 
 • Werciniaii. Mcl^jin C 
 
 • Wtldon. Co»k NB 
 
 • Welilon. IH-Wlli C 
 
 fvelllnftot), Iruiuola. . 
 
 TOW«. 
 
 COUHTT. tllDBX. roP. TOWV. 
 
 »Weltun, RnnRham H 
 em, Kankakee B 
 
 Wenplel'iVD. WlnnebMo. . . M 
 
 • Wenona, Marshall C 
 
 • irmfrftorlA, Cook NB 
 
 • WMlev, Tanwell O 
 
 • irMlitMiferifl(.BalrtcrniW 
 
 • WMt Brooklyn. l.ee M 
 
 Wert DIvlalon, Conk NX 
 
 Peal ZJHNdM, Kane N 
 
 • k>tlJiri^n,Kaoe H 
 
 • Wnat Rnd. Aallne 8 
 
 Veatern Saratos*. U nion ... .8 
 
 • Wea tern Bprinn. Cook.. NR 
 
 • Weatfleld. Ciarl..., 
 
 IFaai Ham'd, (ace Ham'd.lnd. 
 9WatHarQnnn, Mason NW 
 mWatJnmdalf, UuPage NB 
 Weat Jeraey.BUrk ...C 
 
 • Weat Unerty. Jasper. . . . 8B 
 
 • Weat MclIeLfy, McHenrr N 
 
 • Wut Ma^wood, Cook . . N B 
 
 tWeai NtxtfH, Vermilion. . B 
 ral ..Vorf A/if M, (•«(: Uak Glen) 
 
 • Weston, McLean C 
 
 • Weat Polut. Hancock . , . . W 
 Weatport, Uwrence NB 
 
 • WeallUdie, Dciglaa h 
 
 Wt»t lto$»lanil S'ook NK 
 
 • WestBalem, Kdwarda. .. BB 
 ireal Sprinafltld, BangainonC 
 
 • Weat Union, ClarL: R 
 
 • Wcatf tile, Vennllliin K 
 
 • Wftv'» Croifff. Veniill'nK 
 
 • Weat York. Crawford... HR 
 
 • WeUUR, Pulaski B 
 
 WfOiket 0fltt. (ae« KewaDec) 
 
 • HVfae/. Edmr R 
 
 WbeaUaud. Alexander 8 
 
 • Wheaton, DuPairr. . . . NK 
 
 • Wheaton, ifandulph. . . . BW 
 
 • Wheeler. Jasper BK 
 
 • Wheeling, Cook NK. 
 
 Whltcfleld. Bureau N 
 
 • White Hall. Greene W 
 
 •White He^tk, I'latt G 
 
 IfAlu //ouM, Union 8 
 
 White (tak. itonlrjm. rT....C 
 
 • WhiU Oak, BalntCUln BW 
 WiluOak ?"!«(. FBrctte...B 
 Wblte Oak Sprlnc*. llrown.W 
 White PIpwQ, Whiteside. NW 
 
 W lilts Rock, Ogle N 
 
 tTAIM U'llJoio, Kendall N 
 
 WMUev'M Mu.. (sec Kquallty) 
 K'iemnn,(ae« German Valley) 
 Wilbcrt n, Fayette 8 
 
 • WUbiirn, Marshal C 
 
 • H'1/d^nki, .SalUtClalr.SW 
 
 • IF (flit.- Mil, Cook KB 
 
 Wlllard, Aleiaa..*r r 
 
 9WUtariU, Cook NB 
 
 WiUartU Landing, Union... 8 
 
 • WlUey. CbriiUau C 
 
 • Wiuiamabunh, Moultrie. .C 
 
 • Wllllamsfleld. vnoi W 
 
 • WIlllamsTtlU, Hangamon. C 
 
 • Willow. Jo Davlesa NW 
 
 • Willow HID, Juper BK 
 
 • Willow Spring*, Cook.. 
 
 • Wllmrtle, Cook 
 
 • Wilmington, wni 
 
 • Wllsman, ' -. Sallp 
 
 • Wilson, Llvl.iRHU)n 
 
 Wtttontiutyh, ruchlaud.. 
 W*llaon'a. Randolph 
 
 .NB 
 
 .8W 
 
 iS 
 
 iruwn'a iSicitck, KandolptiB W 
 
 COtrsTT 
 
 iKMt ; 
 
 wittoa Center. Will 
 
 • Wlnct<e«t«r. *-• >> 
 Witidom, Washlnk"' !i 
 
 • Windaor, Rheltif 
 
 • WlndaorPark. i 4 
 Wine Hill, Kaoilih.- 
 
 • WlnAeld, Dulv 
 
 • Wlng,UvlMgfit.M. 
 
 • Wlni>ebftgo, Wii>[,.t4k: 
 
 • Wlnnetka,C<x>' 
 
 • H'lttsfiir, Cunitx r „, 1 
 
 • Wlnslow.8ti<ii|i<'iib,.< 
 WInierruwd, KmiiK'i«rii 
 Winlera- Joliau<«. ., 
 
 • WlretoD, Cook . 
 
 • Witt, Monigon- r» . 
 woburn. Bond ... 
 
 • Wolcott,l>r<irU. 
 WoirCreek, Wlllia'M.,n 
 •Wolf lake, Uiii.,n . . 
 
 »Woir; KeudslI 
 olfs Crosalrg, Win 
 Wolnb Mlllf, l{r.r<lin 
 
 • Womar, Macnupm 
 
 • WoodML.'. JoIlailrM 
 Woodburn, MarniitDo 
 
 • Woodbury, ( umtif rltsd r 
 
 • Woodford. W<Hidf(inl. ' ' 
 
 • WDodhnll,Hcur). .. 
 
 • Woudiand, ImquoK 
 
 • Wood Lar-n, Jc't'.ii 
 
 • WoodlawB Park, ( <Kik 
 
 • iroorffl. Madls>iii.. .. 
 
 • Woodalde, Santcntin.ti 
 
 • WoodaoD, MoTjian 
 
 • Woodatovk. Mi lirnr 
 
 • Woodvlllit Ailiins.... 
 Wwdwonh. Iroqui.li... 
 Woody, tireene 
 
 • Wood Vord, KdKsr 
 
 Wool, i'ope 
 
 • Wooanng,Oi(le 
 
 • Worden. MadUo 
 
 • WortJi. Cook 
 
 WraytllK Itork Islinrl. , 
 
 9 Wricht-Voln 
 
 WriffAMfJrorc.Co.jk. , 
 -WrIghUvllle, Greene,.. 
 
 ^ I 
 
 w ^i/ckttt.Mutm 
 
 W-aooa«, Itlchlan'l . .. . 
 
 •Wyoming. Btark 
 
 • Xenta.C)ar 
 
 ?Yalfl, JasiM-r 
 ankeoHollow. Joi'iMi 
 Vank-eti.wn. Woodftii-i , 
 YanUsvllle. Shelby 
 
 i'atftrUls, Morgan _ 
 
 r Yellow Creek, Stc[>lirot'n Ml 
 ocA,8alnt Clair ^■ " 
 
 York, CUrk l 
 
 Vorktown, Burpsu . n 
 
 • Yorkvllle. Kruilall V 
 
 • roungblooit. Momn * 
 
 • Yonngadali', Kane \ 
 
 • Youngatowo, Wanra ^ 
 Yulon, McLean ( 
 
 • ZfirAary, Clinton : 
 
 • ZanrerU/e. MoDtgiiinFrT .'■ 
 
 9larleyi,wni Ki 
 
 Zenobia, Banganioo . a 
 
 Zir. Wayne S! 
 
 :;ion, Carroll Hi 
 
 Lion Staiion. tsee Maud). 
 
 ■Zulu, Warren 1 
 
 Zwrna, Hock Uland Ni 
 
WW. COTJNTT. lirt,,! j 
 
 ItoQ Crater. Win 
 iVInctintor, Sn.r 
 Dilom, Wui)inKi.>ii 
 rindior, 8h«lhj 
 VlnrlMrPark. i •ii 
 IS mil, lUail<>i|4> 
 riDflelil. Dul't^:,. 
 iriOK, Livtnnbm. 
 Hniietago, Winiiiln 
 ^Innrtkft, Cooh 
 )nnilow,V.amUr\i„ 
 niiilow. Sb-pht'tiMit 
 lUrrowd-KmiiKhtii 
 ilere- Ju Divlrw. 
 'In>b>n. iUmk 
 r\tu Mtinwuniiry''. 
 ttlirn, IloDd .... 
 ^olco(i,I'Mrl4.. 
 irCrr^lc. WlUliniio*, , . 
 folflaue. Union .. . ' i I 
 'o/r«,Keudtll,. . * - ■ 
 fi CroHlPg, Wjii. 
 nb IitlllP,llf.rain.. 
 'otrmr, Micoiipiu 
 
 NiburD. MKroii)>iii 
 
 -!^?"7',V"""'"''l»'"i t .' 
 'oodfoni. WiMHiriiril i ' 
 'oodhnll, llriir) "'\j 
 OMlliliil. IriiiiKiu ' ' I 
 't>odUr-n.J<'-r;n' ] 
 QodlavoPirk, ( .>.,), \t 
 'oodM, Madlsi.ii jv 
 
 'oiHltlde,6aii|{Mii»,i] c 
 oodwo. Murpari > 
 
 roodntock, Millinrr * . 
 oodvllht Adiiii*.... I I 
 ■dwnnh, Iroquoli... . 1 1 
 nIj, OiTCiii^..,. f I 
 
 'uo4 rard,Sagft'.'."' 
 
 >}, l'oi>r 
 
 ooRung. Ogle 
 
 ordeii, Mwtbo. si 1 
 
 nrth. Cook V| I 
 
 TTlUf. ItoPttlsiind..!!! I 
 
 rtffALColM I I 
 
 a hU(f rot*, CooV \i I 
 
 rlfhUvllle, Orwnt,.. " 
 
 ytar*, Bumu 
 
 IfciUt.Mteon 
 
 loow, nichlud. .. 
 
 )omlD(r.SUrk 
 
 !ni»,CUr 
 
 ita, J&MiMT 
 
 l(Mi Hollow, JolhiM'i 
 k?et(i<ft-a. Woodtoril 
 
 Uivllle. Slielbv 
 
 ktMCItv. Knox t I 
 
 ■ Ijiiidluff, rulMkl.. . * I 
 
 ■trillf, Klorgan « l 
 
 How rref k, SteptifDi'n mI 
 
 »,hBlnl flair *,» f 
 
 I, CUrk I 
 
 [town, Burriu , « 
 
 irkvtllt*. Kfutlili N 
 tungblrmtl, Morvin t 
 iiin|[idili>. Kane S 
 
 >uDK*UiwD. Warrrn n 
 
 in, McLean r 
 
 lAflri/, Cllnloo s 
 
 nettillf. Monuomen' I 
 
 rUgt,mil N£ 
 
 biB.8aiipunoi) I' _ 
 
 Vtjue SI I 
 
 , Carroll HW I 
 
 SlaUon, (K« MiDd). 
 
 l»,WirreD 1 , 
 
 d, Koeklflud Nf I 
 
t;i[ 
 
 m 
 
 IK;!;., 
 
 
 
 
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 1 
 
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 r 
 
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 r 
 
 ait^JTiirk -* 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 -iiitii H-' 
 ■;>ni|fUV 
 
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 finw 
 
 ^1 
 
 W:h1ci9B0 
 
 r^7^ 
 
 ^i)<Je-r5i 
 
 TW.'"^ ~- 
 
 ■^,r.'^.- 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 
 ^/ '0 
 
 ■•^ir^r^ 
 
 ^^i 
 
 M 
 
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 \ J 
 
 ^ 
 
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 tree 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 VKlTTtTITr 
 
 ^^: 
 
 '\<■l^* 
 
 ^/■^ 
 
 >A^ 
 
 ■/c 
 
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 U\.oa nJ\ 
 
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 jWelli k-i.n 
 
 -Xp 
 
 
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 II 
 
 "^~^<\ HERE is a decided tendency to move fonvard in 
 this world and, in fact, it has become a necessity, 
 if one would keep abreast of the times. Though 
 not always expressed, the thought which lies 
 back of action in these closing Nineteenth Cen- 
 tury da3's is to make the most of opportunities; 
 in other words, to become educated in the various 
 schools which the world affords, and to gain 
 such knowledge from sources which bring about the best results 
 with the least expenditure of time and labor. 
 
 No amount of assurance will enable a publisher of the pres 
 ent day to stem the tide of popular opinion, and force upon the 
 people a work which is lacking in merit, simply by claiming he 
 has the best the market affords. He must prove it. 
 
 While it is impossible to bring before the reader, in this 
 connection, more than a synopsis of our publication — "The 
 White City " — we desire to briefly cover its most prominent fea- 
 tures : As its name implies, it has been brought down to the 
 present period, and has an important connectioii with the "event" 
 of this century — the Columbian Exposition. Thirty volumes 
 constitute the Series, in which the States and Territories find 
 representation — the larger and older Commonwealths occupyinj^ 
 a volume each. 
 
 The history of the State — or Territory — occupies first place, 
 and includes its Resources and Industries, Important Societies 
 
PRKFACK. 
 
 Charities and a chapter devoted to its connection with the 
 World's Fair, the authors being well-known writers, and capable 
 of presenting the subject in a most comprehensive and attractive 
 manner. Then follows a brief sketch of the District of Colum- 
 bia, with which each State and Territory is connected through 
 its representatives in Congress ; which is, in turn, succeeded b}^ 
 the biographies of the Presidents of the United States, setting 
 forth, in addition to the life, the most important events of each 
 administration. 
 
 The Commonwealths have been invit;.'d, through their Na- 
 tional and State Commissioners, to contribute such statistics, 
 etcetera, as will be of interest at this particular time, as well as 
 of future value. A similar request has been extended to everj^ 
 Church organization represented in our land; while the Young 
 Men's Christian Association, Women's Christian Temperance 
 Union, Grand Army of the Republic and other Societies have 
 also been solicited to co-operate with us in a work which will be 
 of untold benefit to the States, severally and collectively. We 
 need not particularize where such information has not been 
 furnished us, or has been received too late for publication ; such 
 State volume speaks for itself 
 
 Thirty full-page half-tone engravings illustrate the text of 
 each State History, not includi:ig the fourteen most important 
 b;'ildings of the Exposition; the District of Columbia is likewise 
 ])i<:torially represented by its chief attractions, while the portraits 
 of the Presidents form a highly valuable and interesting acces- 
 sion to the work. Our State Map will also be appreciated, being 
 brought down to the present, and combining useful data un- 
 necessary to specify in this connection.. 
 
 A di.jtinctive feature of our publication is the Department de- 
 voted to the most prominent Exhibits, and we need scarcely 
 mention that it is one of the most valuable, since to the attendant 
 upon the Columbian Exposition, it is an encyclopedia of refer- 
 ence, and to one deprived of the privilege of a persona.1 visit, it 
 affords more practical information than could othenvise be ob- 
 
s ■ 
 
 I lit 
 
 l§ 
 
 III,, 
 
 VRKKACK. 
 
 tained by months of laborious stud}' ; the illustrated pages, pro- 
 duced by our own artists for this publication, alone, lending a 
 charm to what might become monotonous if the old-time methods 
 were here employed. A Classified List covers such exhibits as 
 are not included in this Department. 
 
 W'e trust we shall not be considered guilty of egotism wlien 
 we claim for "The White City" a most prominent place anions 
 the publications of the day. It has received the endorsement of 
 Governors of the States, and the WorkVs Fair Commissioners 
 have spoken words of highest commendation. By the appraise- 
 ment of the people we are now willing to abide, believing that 
 the substantial character of the work, latest and most valualjlc 
 information and choice illustrations, cannot but meet the ap- 
 proval of all who give it an unprejudiced perusal. 
 
 ; I I ! 
 
nistopv of Illinois. 
 
 CHAPTER T. 
 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 IMPORTANCE OF STATE HISTORY -"THE ILLINOIS COrXTRV " 
 
 - ORIGIN OF THE NAME —TOPOGRAPHY, SOIL, CLIMATE 
 
 AND NATURAL PRODUCTIONS. 
 
 CORRECT understcandiug of the history of 
 
 the States is necessary in order to more 
 
 I. fnlly comprehend and illnstrate the history 
 
 ■" of the Nation of which the several States, 
 
 by tlicir nnion, form constituent parts. 
 
 The original States, indeed, as political 
 
 divisions, are older than the Union and each of them, 
 
 in their early struggles for existence and autonomy, 
 
 ■''fT as well as many of the Territories of a later period, have 
 
 evolved a history as full of romantic interest as it is of 
 
 political and moral instruction. 
 
 The greater part of the territory which was siibscquently 
 organized into the State of Illinois was known and attracted 
 eager attention from the nations of the old world — especiall}' in 
 France, Germany and England— before the close of the third 
 quarter of the seventeenth centur3^ More than one hundred 
 years before the struggle for American Independence began or the 
 geographical division known as the " Territorj- of the Northwest " 
 had an existence ; before the names of Kentuckj', Tennessee, 
 Vermont oi' Ohio had been heard of, and while the early settlers 
 of New England and Virginia were still struggling for a foothold 
 among the Indian tribes on the Atlantic coast, the " Illinois 
 Country " occupied a place on the maps of North America as 
 distinct and definite as New York or Pennsvlvania. And from 
 
lO 
 
 THK WHITE CITV IMJNOIS. 
 
 *'iW 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 ^Hiilil 
 
 I 
 
 that time forward, until it assumed its position in the Union uith 
 tlie rank of a State, no other section has been the theatre of moix' 
 momentous and stirrin}:( events or has contributed more material, 
 affording interest and instruction to the archre()U)gist, the ethnol- 
 ogist and the historian, than that portion of the American Conii- 
 nent now known as the " State of Illinois." 
 
 What was known to the earl}- French explorers and their 
 followers and descendants, for the ninety years which intervened 
 between the discoveries of Joliet and LavSalle, down to the 
 surrender of this region to the English, as the " Illinois Country," 
 IS described with great clearness and definiteness by Caj)!. 
 Philip Pittnum, an English engineer who made the first survey 
 of the Mississippi River soon after the transfer of the French 
 possessions east of the Mississippi to the British, and wli>) 
 published the result of his observations in London in 1770. In 
 this report, which is evidently a work of the highest authenticity, 
 and is the more valuable because written at a transition period 
 when it was of the first importance to preserve and hand down 
 the facts of early French history to the new occupants of the soil, 
 the boundaries of the "Illinois Country" are defined as follows: 
 
 " The Country of the Illinois is bounded by the IMississippi 
 on the west, by the river Illinois on the north, by the Ouabache 
 and Aliamis on the east and the Ohio on the south." * 
 
 From this it is evident that the country lying between the 
 Illinois and the Mississippi Rivers to the west and northwest of 
 the former stream, was not regarded as a part of the "Illinois 
 Country," and this agrees generally with the records of the early 
 French explorers, except that tliey^ regarded the region which 
 comprehends the site of the present city of Chicago — the im- 
 portance of which appears to have been appreciated from the first 
 as a connecting link between the Lakes and the upper tributaries 
 of the rivers falling into the Gulf of Mexico — as belongiui^' 
 thereto. 
 
 ■" "Tile ])resent stale of the Kiiropeaii Settlemeiils on the Mississi])])i, with a Geo.^rapl 
 ical description of that River by Capt. I'hilip Pittman, London, printed for J. Noursr 
 Book-seller to his Majesty, 1770." ♦ 
 
 
IM.INOIS — INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 I I 
 
 The "Country" appears to have derived its n.'aiie from ///////, 
 ;i. word of Algonquin origin, signifying "the men," enpheniized 
 by the French into ////«/ with tlic suffix c;/.s-, signifying "tribe". 
 The root of the term, applied botii to the country and the Indians 
 occupying it, has been still further defined as " a perfect man " 
 (Haines on " Indian Names"), and the derivative has been used 
 by the French chroniclers in various forms though always with 
 the same signification — a signification of which the earliest 
 claimants of the appellation, as well as their successors of a 
 different race, have not failed to be duly proud. 
 
 It was this region which gave name to the vState of which 
 it constituted so large and important a part. Its boundaries, 
 so far as the Wabash and the Ohio Ri.ers (as well as the 
 Mississippi from the Ohio to the moiith of tlie Illinois) are con- 
 cerned, are identical with those given to the " Illinois Country " 
 by Pittman. The State is bounded on the north b}' Wisconsin ; 
 on the east by Lake Michigan, the State of Indiana and the 
 Wabash River ; southeast by the Ohio, flo .ving between it and 
 the State of Kentucky ; and west and southwest by the Mississippi, 
 which separates it from the States of Iowa and Missouri. A 
 peculiarity of the Act of Congress defining the boundaries of the 
 vState, is the fact that, wdiile the jurisdiction of Illinois extends 
 to the middle of Lake Michigan and also of the channels of the 
 Wabash and the Mississippi, it stops at the north bank of the 
 Ohio River ; this seems to have been a sort of concession on 
 the part of the framers of the Act to our proud neighbors of the 
 "Dark and Bloody Ground." Geographically, the State lies 
 between the parallels of 36° 59' and 42° 30' north latitude, and 
 the meridian of 10° 30' and 14° of longitude west from the city of 
 Washington. From its extreme southern limit at the mouth of 
 the Ohio tc the Wisconsin boundar}' on the north, its estimated 
 length is 385 miles, with an extreme breadth, from the Indiana 
 State line to the Mississippi River at a point between Quincy 
 and Warsaw, of 218 miles. Owing to the tortuous course of its 
 river and lake boundaries, which comprise about three-fourths of 
 
12 
 
 Till- WMITK CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 I'".. •'•11 
 
 liiil 
 
 I'i 
 
 ! \\m 
 
 the whole, its physical outline is extremely irrcij^uliir. Between 
 the limits described, it has an estimated area of 56,650 square 
 miles, of which 650 sqiuire miles is water — the latter beiui^ 
 chiefly in Lake Michig;in. This area is more than one and one 
 half times that of all New Kng-land, Maine being excepted, and 
 is greater than that of any other State east of the Mississipj)], 
 except Michigan, Georgia and Florida — Wisconsin lacking oni\ 
 a few hundred square miles of the same. 
 
 When these figures are taken into account some idea may 
 be formed of the magnificence of the domain comprised within 
 the limits of the State of Illinois — a domain larger in extent 
 than that of England, more than one-fourth of that of all 
 France and nearly half that of the British Islands, including 
 Scotland and Ireland. The possibilities of such a country, pos- 
 sessing a soil uncqualcd in fertility, in proportion to its area, b}' 
 any other State of the Union, and with resources in agriculture, 
 manufactures and commerce unsurpassed in any countr}- on the 
 face of the globe, transcend all huuian conception. 
 
 Lying betwt en the Mississippi and its chief eastern tribu- 
 tary, the Ohio, with the Wabash on the east and intersected 
 from northeast to southw^est by the Illinois and its numerous af- 
 fluents, and with no mountainous region within its limits, Illi- 
 nois is at once one of the best watered, as well as one of the 
 most level States in the U:iion. Besides the Sangamon, Kanka- 
 kee, Fox and Des Plaines Rivers, chief tributaries of the Illinois, 
 and the Kaskaskia draining the region between the Illinois and 
 the "Wabash, Rock River, in the northwestern portion of the 
 State, is most important on account of its valuable water-pov/er. 
 All of these streams were regarded as na\'iguble for some sort of 
 craft, during at least a portion of the year, in the earh' history of 
 the country, and with the magnificent Alississippi along the whole 
 western border, gave to Illinois a larger extent of na\ "gable 
 waters than that of any other single State. Although practical 
 navigation is now limited to the Mississippi, Illinois and Ohio — 
 making an aggregate of about 1,000 miles — the importance of 
 
ILLINOIS — IXTRODUCTOKV. 
 
 13 
 
 the smaller streams, when the people were depeiideiit almost 
 wholly upon some means of water eommunication for the trans- 
 portation of heavy commodities as well as for travel, could not 
 be o\cr-estimated, and it is not without its effect upon the pro- 
 ductiveness of the soil, now that water transportation has given 
 place to railroads. The whole number of streams shown upon 
 the best maps exceeds 2S0. 
 
 In physical confonnation the surface of the State presents 
 the aspect of an inclined plane with a moderate descent in the 
 trcneral direction of the streams toward the south and south- 
 west. Cairo, at the extreme southern end of the State and the 
 point of lowest depression, has an elevation above sea-level of 
 about 300 feet, while the altitude of Lake Michigan at Chicago 
 is 583 feet. The greatest elevation is reached at Scale's Mound 
 in the northwestern part of the State — about 820 feet — while a 
 spur from the (~)zark Mountains of Missouri, projected across the 
 southern part of the State, rises in Jackson county to a height of 
 over 500 feet. South of this ridge, the surface of the country 
 between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers was originally covered 
 witli dense forests. These included some of the most valuable 
 species of timber for lumber manufacture, such as the different 
 varieties of oak, walnut, poplar, ash, sugar-maple and cypress, 
 besides elm, linden, hickory, honey-locust, pecan, hack-berry, 
 cotton-wood, sycamore, sassafras, black-gum and beech. The 
 native fruits included the persimmon, wild plum, r-ape and paw- 
 paw, with various kinds of berries, such as black berries, rasp- 
 berries, strawberries (in the prairie districts) and some others. 
 Most of these native growths were found along the streams far- 
 ther north except the cypress, beech, pecan and a few others. 
 
 :\ peculiar feature of the conntr}-, in the middle and north- 
 ern portion of the State which excited the amazement of early 
 explorers, was the vast extent of the prairies or natural meadows. 
 The origin of these has been attributed to various causes, such 
 as some peculiarity of the soil, absence or excess of moisture, re- 
 cent upheaval of the surface from lakes or some other bodies of 
 
14 
 
 TIIK WIHTK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 
 ^liliLill 
 
 I 
 
 iiiiM' 
 
 I 
 
 
 ill 
 
 
 
 water, the action of fires, etc. In many section.s there sccnis lit- 
 tle to di.stinjfiiish the soil of the prairie.s from that of the adjactiit 
 woodlands, that may not be accounted for by the character of 
 their vegetation and other causes, for the lu.xuriant j.>;rowth of 
 native jj^rasses and other productions has demonstrated that they 
 do not lack in fertility, and the readiness with which trees take 
 root when artificially propagated and protected, has shown that 
 there is nothinjj^ in the soil itself unfavoral)le to their jj;rowtli. 
 Whatever may have been the original cause of the prairies, how- 
 ever, there is no doubt that annually occurrinj»^ fires have had 
 much to do in perpetuating their existence and even extendiiijj 
 their limits, a;; the ab.sencc of the same agent has tended to faxor 
 the encroachments of the forests. While originally regarded a.s 
 an obstacle to the occupation of the country by a dense popula- 
 tion, there is no doubt that their existence has contributed to its 
 rapid development when it was disci ivered with what ea.sc tlicsc 
 apparent wastes could be subdued and how productive they were 
 capable of becoming when once brought under cultivation. 
 
 In spite of the uniformity in altitude of the State as a whole, 
 many sections present a variety of surface and a mingling of 
 plain and woodland of the most pleasing character. This is 
 especially the case in some of the prairie districts where the 
 undulating lam' oape covered with rich herbage and brilliant 
 tiowers miisi /lave presented lo the first explorers a scene of 
 ravishing beauty, which has been enhanced rather than dimin- 
 ished in recent times bj^ the hand of cultivation. Along some of 
 the streams also, especially on the upper Mississippi and Illinois, 
 and at some points on the Ohio, is found scenery of a most 
 picturesque variety. 
 
 From this description of the country' it will be eas}' to infer 
 what must have been the varieties of the animal kingdom which 
 here found a home. These included the buffalo, various kinds 
 of deer, the bear, panther, fox, wolf and wild-cat, while swans, 
 geese and ducks covered the lakes and streams. It was a ver- 
 itable paradise for game, both iaTg. and small, and, as well, for 
 
ILLINOIS — INTKODI'C'TOKV. 
 
 15 
 
 their ti;iti\t' liuiitfrs. "One can scarcely travel," wrote one of 
 the earliest priestly explorers, "without findinjr a prodij^Mous 
 niultitiule of turkeys, that keep together in flocks often to the 
 number of ten hundrec'." Beaver, otter and mink were found 
 alouj; tl'.c streams. Most of these, especially the larj^cr species 
 of J^^'lmc, have disappeared before the tide of civilization, but the 
 smaller, such as quail, prairie chicken, duck and the different 
 varieties of fish in the streams, protected by law durinjj^ certain 
 seasons of the year, continue to exist in considerable numbers. 
 
 The capabilities of the soil in a rejj^ion thus situated can be 
 readily understood. In proportion to the extent of its surface, 
 Illinois has a larger area of cultivable land than any other vState 
 ill the Union, with a .soil of superior quality, much of it unsur- 
 passed in natural fertility. This is especially true of the 
 "American Bottom," a region extending a distance of ninety 
 miles along the east bank of the Mississippi, from a few miles 
 below Alton nearly to Chester, and of an average width of five 
 to eight miles. This was the seat of the first permanent white 
 .settlement in the Mississippi Valley, and portions of it have been 
 under cultivation from one hundred to one hundred and fifty j'cars 
 without exhaustion. Other smaller areas of scarcely less 
 fertility are found both upon the bottom-lands and in the prairies 
 in the central portions of the States. 
 
 Extending through five and one-half degrees of latitude, 
 Illinois has a great variety of climate. Though subject at times 
 to sudden alternations of temperature, these occasions have been 
 rare since the country has teen thoroughly .settled. Its mean 
 average fcr a series of years has been 48° in the northern part of 
 the State and 56° in the southern, differing little from other 
 States upon the same latitude. The mean winter temperature has 
 ranged from 25° in the north to 34° in the south, and the sum- 
 mer mean from 67° in the norlh to 78 ' in the south. The extreme 
 winter temperature has seldom fallen below 20° below zero in the 
 .lorthern portion, while the highest summer temperature ranges 
 from 9_s° to 102°. The average difference in temperature between 
 
Ill 
 
 :i:l! 
 
 I 
 
 |;l! hi 
 
 9 
 
 isJ'iil''' 
 
 .■li'll' 
 
 m 
 
 
 i6 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — H.LIXOIS. 
 
 the northern and southern portions of the State is about io°, and 
 the difference in the progress of the seasons for the same sections, 
 from four to six weeks. 
 
 Sucli a wide variet}- of clin\ate is favorable to the production 
 of nearly all the grains and fruits peculiar to the temperate zone. 
 These belong to the period of development and will be enunicv 
 ateci under the head of " Industries." j^B 
 
 II 
 
 m: 
 
 MP 
 
 t' 
 
 
 
 
 /*i/!?fll!l'lfllll'|l'P 
 
 
 <M'\. 
 
JiMAmMmtimuMtmimmimmmat 
 
 \m 
 
 llliiio 
 
CHAPTER II. 
 EARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 [discoveries of JOLIET, MAROUETTE AN'O la SALLE — SAD FATE 
 OF THE LATTER — HENRV DE TOXTV — THE INDIAN CON- 
 FEDERATION AT " STARVED ROCK." 
 
 p:=z::^HREE powers early became coiitestaiits for the 
 occupancy of the North American Coutineut. 
 The first of these was Spain, claiming on the 
 ground of the discovery by Columbus ; England, 
 basing her claim upon the discoveries of the Ca- 
 bots, and France, maintaining her right to a con- 
 siderable part of the continent by virtue of the dis- 
 covery and exploration by Jacques Cartier of the 
 [Gulf and River St. Lawrence, in 1534-5, and the settlement of 
 Quebec by Champlain sevent\'-four years later. The claim of 
 Spain was general, extending to both North and South America, 
 and while she early established her colonies in Mexico, Cuba and 
 [Peru, the country was too vast and her agents too busy seeking 
 [for gold to interfere materially with her competitors. 
 
 The Dutch, Swedes and Germans established small though 
 [flourishing colonies, but they were not colonizers nor were they 
 [numerically as strong as their neighbors, and their settlements 
 [were ultimately absorbed by the latter. Both the Spaniards and 
 I French were zealous in proselytnig the aborigines, but while 
 (the former did not hesitate to torture their victims in order to ex- 
 tort their gold while claiming to save their souls, the hitter were 
 I more gentle and beneficent in their policy and by their kindness 
 I succeeded in winning and retaining the friendship of the Indians 
 
• ^MiritMtgi 
 
 18 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 .4. ^m 
 
 in a remarkable degree. They were traders as well as mission- 
 aries, and this fact and the readiness with which they adapted 
 themselves to the habits of those whom they found in possession 
 of the soil, enabled them to make the most extensive explorations 
 in small numbers and at little cost, and even to reniani for 
 unlimited periods among their aboriginal friends. On the other 
 hand, the English were artisans and tillers of the soil with a due 
 proportion engaged in connnerce or upon the sea, and while they 
 were later in planting their colonies in Virginia and New 
 England, and less aggressive in the work of exploration, tliey 
 maintained a surer foothold on the soil when they had once 
 established themselves. To this fact is due the permanence and 
 steady growth of the English colonies in the New World and the 
 virtual dominance of the Anglo-Saxon race over more than five- 
 sevenths of the North American Continent — a result which has 
 been illustrated in the history of every people that has made 
 agriculture, manufactures and legitimate commerce the L, sis of 
 their prosperity. 
 
 The French explorers were the first Europeans to visit the 
 "Country of the Illinois," and for nearly a century they and 
 their successors and descendants held undisputed possession of 
 the country, as well as the greater part of the Mississippi Valley. 
 It is true that Spain put in a feeble and indefinite claim to this 
 whole region, but .ihe was kept too busy elsewhere to make her 
 claim good, and in 1763 sh^ relinquished it entirely as to tlie 
 Mississippi Valley and west to the Pacific Ocean, in order to 
 strengthen herself elsewhere. 
 
 There h; a peculiar coincidence in the fact that, while the 
 English colonists who settled about IVIassachusetts Bay named 
 that region " New England," the French gave to their pos.sessions 
 from the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Mississippi, the name 
 of "New France," and the Spaniards called all the region 
 claimed by them, extending from Panama to Puget Sound, 
 "New Spain." The boundaries of each were verj^ indefinite and 
 often conflicting, but were settled by the treaty of 1763. 
 
ILLINOIS — KARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 19 
 
 As early as 1634, Jean Nicolet, coming by way of Canada, 
 discovered Lake Michigan — then called by the French, " Lac des 
 Illinois" — entered Green Bay and visited some of the tribes of 
 Indians in that region. In 1641 zealons missionaries had 
 reached the Falls of St. Mary (called by the French "Sault St, 
 Marie"), and in 1658 two French fur-traders are alleged to ha'e 
 penetrated as far west as "La Pointe" on Lake Superior, where 
 they opened up a trade with the Sioux Indians and wintered in 
 the neighborhood of the Apostle Islands near where the towns of 
 Ashland and Bajiield, Wisconsin, now stand. A few years later 
 (1665), Fathers Allouez and Dablon, French missionaries, visited 
 the Chippewas on the southern shore of Lake Superior, and 
 missions were established at Green Bay, Ste. Marie and La 
 Pointe. About the same time the mission of St. Ignace was 
 established on the north shore of the »Straits cf Mackinaw 
 (spelled by the French "Michillimacinac"). It is also claimed 
 that a French traveller named Radisson during the year 1658-9 
 reached the upper Mississippi, antedating the claims of Joliet 
 and Marquette as its discoverers by fourteen years. Nicholas 
 Perrot, an intelligent chronicler who left a manuscript account of 
 his travels, is said to h^ve made extensive explorations about the 
 head of the great lakes and as far south as the Fox River of 
 Wisconsin, between 1670 and 1690, and to have held an impor- 
 tant conference with representatives of numerous tribes of In- 
 dians at Sault Ste. Marie in June, 1671. Perrot is also said to 
 have made the first discovery of lead mines in the West. 
 
 Up to this time, however, no white man appears to have 
 reached the " Illinois Country," though much had been heard of 
 its beauty and its wealth in game. On May 17, 1673, Louis 
 Joliet, an enterprising explorer who had already visited the Lake 
 Superior region in search of copper mines, under a commission 
 from the Governor of Canada, in company with Father Jacques 
 Marquette and five voya^cnrs^ with a meagre stock of provisions 
 and a few trinkets for trading with the natives, set out in two 
 birch-bark canoes from St. Ignace on a tour of exploration south- 
 
.■•Mutt^iKitmtmmigMm mim^ 
 
 20 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 
 
 ward. Coa.stini( along the west shore of Lake Michigan and 
 Green Bay and throngh Lake Winnebago, they reached tliu 
 country of the Mascontins on Fox River, ascended that stream to 
 the portage to the Wisconsin, then descended the latter to the 
 Mississippi which the}' discovered on June 17th. Descending the 
 Mississippi, which they named "Rio de la Conception," they 
 passed the mouth of the Dcs Moines, where they are supposed to 
 have encountered the first Indians of the Illinois tribes, by whom 
 they were hospitably entertained. Later they discoveiod a nule 
 painting upon the rocks on the east side of the river, which from 
 ihe description is supposed to have been the famous " Piasa Bird," 
 which was still to be seen, a short distance above Alton, within tlie 
 present generation. Passing the mouth of the Missouri River 
 and the present site of the city of St. Louis, and continuing past 
 the Ohio, they finally reached what Marquette called the village 
 of the Akanseas, which has been assumed to be identical with the 
 mouth of the Arkansas, though it has been questioned whether 
 they proceeded so far south. Convinced that the Mississippi 
 " had its mouth in Florida or the Gulf of Mexico," and fearing 
 capture by the Spaniards, the}' started on their return. Reaching 
 the mouth of the Illinois, they enterered that stream and ascended 
 past the village of the Peorias and the "Illinois town of the 
 Kaskaskias" — the latter being about where the town of Utica, La 
 Salle Count}', now stands — at each of which they made a brief sta}-. 
 Escorted by guides from the Kaskaskias, they crossed the portage 
 to Lake IMichigan where Chicago now stands, and returned to 
 Green Bay, which they reached in the latter part of September. 
 
 Such is the record of the first visit of white men to tiie 
 "Country of the Illinois." 
 
 Joliet returned to Canada to report the success of his expe- 
 dition, while Marquette, who had been much enfeebled by disease 
 and his journey, after recruiting for a year at the St. Xavier Mis- 
 sion on Green Bay, set out in the latter part of October, 1674, 
 with two companions to reLurn to the village of the Kaskaskias 
 on the Illinois. Early in December they reached the mouth of 
 
ILLINOIS — KARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 21 
 
 the Chicago River, which they found frozen over. Marquette was 
 ah-eady prostrated by illness, and being unable to proceed, his 
 companions built a cabin for him, as supposed on the south branch 
 about six miles from the mouth of the river, where he spent the 
 winter. His journal, which was discovered some fifty years ago, 
 makes mention of visits received from the Indians with presents 
 of provisions. He appears also to have been visited by a trader 
 and surgeon who had already established themselves in the vicin- 
 ity. In April, 1675, he reached the village of the Kaskaskias 
 and established a mission which he named "The Immaculate 
 Conception." His stay, however, was brief Forced by ill-health 
 to abandon his mission, he attempted to return to Canada by the 
 eastern shore of Lake Michigan. Having reached Sleeping Bear 
 Point, nearh" opposite the St. Xavier ^Mission, the voyairrHrs wei'e 
 compelled by a ston'. to suspend their journey. Here he died 
 and was buried. A 3'ear later a band of Ottawa Indians, who had 
 the greatest reverence for the self-denying missionary, exhumed 
 liis remains, and taking them to the St. Ignace Mission, the}- 
 were reinterred beneath the chapel with impressive ceremonies, 
 in which both the French and Indians took part. 
 
 The next and most important expedition to Illinois — impor- 
 tant because it led to the first permanent settlements — was under- 
 taken b}^ Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, in 1679. This eager 
 and intelligent, but finally unfortunate, discoverer had spent sev- 
 eral years in exploration in the lake region and among the 
 streams south of the lakes and west of the Alleghanies. It has 
 been claimed that, during this tour, he descended the Ohio to its 
 j miction with the Mississippi ; also that he reached the Illinois by 
 way of the head of Lake Michigan and the Chicago portage, 
 and even descended the Mississippi to the 36th parallel, ante-dat- 
 ing Marquette's first visit to that stream by two years. The chief 
 authority for this claim is Pierre Mprgry, La Salle's biographer, 
 who l)ases his statement ostensibly on conversations with La Salle 
 and letters of his friends. The absence of any allusion to these 
 discoveries in La Salle's own papers of a later date addressed to 
 
-'^■j':>i!Fw# 'UtmmmmuMt 
 
 22 
 
 THH WHITK CITY — IIJ.IXOIS. 
 
 I 
 1 
 
 if: 
 
 iJiLiilJiilli 
 
 'if 
 
 '11 i I 
 
 the King, is regarded as fatal to this claim. However this iiuiv 
 have been, there is conclusive evidence that, during this period, 
 he met with Joliet while the latter was returning from one of liis 
 trips to the Lake Superior country. With an imagination fired 
 by what he then learned, he made a visit to his native country, 
 receiving a liberal grant from the French Government which en- 
 abled him to carry out his plans. With the aid of Henry dc 
 Tonty, an Italian who afterward accompanied him in his most 
 important expeditions, and who proved a most valuable and effi- 
 cient co-laborer, under the auspices ofFrontenac, then Governor 
 of Canada, he constructed a small vessel at the foot of Lake Erie, 
 in which, with a compau}' of 34 persons, he set sail on the se\^iitli 
 of August, 1679, for the West. This et;-el (named the "G'/v/- 
 /?;//") is believed to have been the first sailing-vessel that ever 
 navigated the lakes. His object was to reach the Illinois, and he 
 carried with him material for a boat which he intended to put to- 
 gether on that stream. Arriving in Green Bay early in Septem- 
 ber, by way of Lake Huron and the straits of Mackinaw, he 
 disembarked his stores and loading the Griffon with furs, started 
 it on its return with instrtictions, after discharging its cargo at 
 the starting point, to join him at the head of Lake Michigan. 
 With a force of seventeen men and three missionaries in four 
 canoes, he started southward, following the western shore of Lake 
 Michigan past the mouth of the Chicago River, on November 1st, 
 and reached the mouth of the St. Joseph River, at the southeast 
 corner of the Lake, which had been selected as a rendezvous. 
 Here he was joined by Tonty, three weeks later, with a force of 
 twenty Frenchmen who had come by the eastern shore, but the 
 Griffon never was heard from again, and is supposed to have been 
 lost dn the return voyage. While waiting for Tonty, he erected a 
 fort, aftenvard called Fort Miami. The two parties here united, 
 and, leaving four men in charge of the fort, with the remain- 
 ing thirty-three, he resumed his journey on the third of Decem- 
 ber. Ascending the St. Joseph to about where South Bend now 
 stands, he made a portage with his canoes and stores across to the 
 
 % head' 
 
 J ( )n tl 
 
 I the K 
 
 ■I 
 
ILLINOIS — KARLY EXPLORATIONS. 
 
 23 
 
 headwaters of the Kankakee which he descended to the Illinois. 
 On the first of Jannary he arrived at the great Indian town of 
 tlie Kaskaskias, which Marquette had left for the last time nearly 
 five years before, but he found it deserted, the Indians being ab- 
 sent on a hunting expedition. Proceeding down the Illinois, on 
 January 4, 1680, he passed through Peoria Lake and the next 
 morning reached the Indian village of that name at the foot of 
 the lake, and established friendl}- relations with its people. Hav- 
 ing determined to set up his vessel here, he constructed a rude 
 fort on the eastern bank of the river about four miles south of the 
 village ; with the exception of the cabin built for Marquette on 
 the South Branch of the Chicago River in the winter of 1874-5, 
 this was probably the first structure erected by white nieii in Il- 
 linois. This received the name Crcvc-Camr — "Broken Heart" 
 which, from its subsequent history, proved exceedingl}' appro- 
 priate. Having dispatched Father Louis Hennepin with two 
 companions to the L^pper Mississippi, by wa}' of the mouth of the 
 Illinois, on an expedition which resulted in the discovery of the 
 Falls of St. Anthonj^, L^^ Salle started on his return to Canada for 
 additional assistance and the stores which he had failed to receive 
 in consequence of the loss of the Griffon. Soon after his depar- 
 ture, a majority of the men left with Tonty at Fort Creve-Ccviir 
 nuitinied, and having plundered the fort, partially destroj-ed it. 
 This compelled Tout}' and five companions who had remained 
 true, to retreat to the Indian village of the Illinois near " Star\ed 
 Rock," between where the cities of Ottawa and La Salle now 
 stand, where he spent the summer awaiting the return of La 
 Salle. In September, Tonty's Indian allies having been attacked 
 and defeated by the Iroquois, he and his companions were again 
 compelled to flee, reaching Green Bay the next Spring, afcei hav- 
 ing spent the winter among the Pottawatomies in the present 
 State of Wisconsin. 
 
 During the next four years (1681-1683) La Salle made two 
 other visits to lUitiois, encountering and partially avercoming 
 formidable obstacles at each end of the journey. At the last 
 
24 
 
 Till-: VVIIITH CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 ;!i ! 
 
 ■1, 'nil 
 
 lih(i 
 
 %m 
 
 m 
 
 :|,;iii! 
 
 I i 
 
 I 
 
 Up 
 
 • I'M 
 
 visit, in company with the fnithful Tonty, whom he had met ;it 
 Mackinaw in the sprinjj^ of i68i, after a separation of more than a 
 year, he extended liis exploration to the month of tlie Mississipj)!, 
 of which he took formal possession on April 9, 1682, in the name 
 of "Lonis the Grand, King of France and Navarre." This was 
 the first expedition of white men to pass down the great river and 
 determine the problem of its discharge into the Gnlf of Mexico. 
 
 Retnrning to Mackinaw, and again to Illinois, in the fall of 
 1682, Tonty set abont carrying into effect La Salle's scheme of 
 fortifying "The Rock," to which reference has been made under 
 the name of " Starved Rock." The buildings are said to have 
 include:! store-houses (it was intended as a trading post), dwell- 
 ings and a block-house erected on the summit of the rock, and to 
 which the name of "Fort St. Louis" was given, while a village of 
 confederated Indian tribes gathered about its base on the south, 
 which bore the name of La Vantuin. Accorriing to the historian, 
 Parkman, the population of this colony in the da3's of its greatest 
 prosperity was not less than 20,000. 
 
 La Salle's future history was as romantic as his final fate was 
 tragical. Returning to Canada in the fall of 1683, he met on the 
 way a new commandant sent to displace him in Illinois. Con- 
 tinuing his journey to France, he was there entrusted with the 
 execution of a plan to establish a colony at the mouth of the 
 Mississippi — sailing from Rochelle in the mid-summer of 1684, 
 with a fleet of four vessels carrying nearly ^oo colonists. After 
 various delay's, it entered the Gulf of Mexico, bu failed to find the 
 mouth of the Mississippi. Dissension arose between La Salle 
 c'ld the sailing-master of the fleet; one vessel was captured l)y 
 Spaniards; another stranded on the Gulf coast, while the master 
 of the fleet sailed away with the third, for France, leaving La Salle 
 and his fellow-voj'agers on the fourth, to their fate. Landing on 
 the shore of what has since been named Matagorda Ba}', in the 
 present State of Texas, he erected a fort. Reduced to great 
 destitution two years after (January, 1687) he started with a 
 portion of his followers for Canada. Reaching the bank of the 
 
 :ii'-. 
 
ILLINOIS — EARLY KXI'LORATlOXvS. 
 
 35 
 
 Trinity River, he was imirdcrcd by some of his own men, on 
 March 19, 1687, closing the career of one of the most brilliant 
 and intrepid explorers the world has ever known. His death was 
 jiartially avenged by the killing of the leaders of the conspiracy a 
 few days after. 
 
 Dnring the previons year, Tonty had descended the Miss- 
 issippi in search of La Salle, and returning, bnilt a fort at the 
 mouth of the Arkansas, leaving six men in charge. Here a 
 portion of the survivors of La Salle's party, including his brother 
 Cavelicr, his nephew and one Joutel, arrived in the summer, of 
 16S7, and in September following reached F )rt St. Louis, 
 
 Tonty retained his headquarters at Fort vSt. Louis for eight- 
 een years, during which he made extensive excursions through- 
 out the West. The proprietorship of the fort was granted to 
 him in 1690, but in 1702 it was ordered by the Governor of Can- 
 ada to be discontinued on the plea that the charter had been 
 violated. It continued to be used as a trading-post, however, as 
 late as 17 18, when it was raided by the Indians and burned. De- 
 prived of his command, Tonty entered the service of Iberville, 
 who founded the first colony in Louisirna in 1700. In reference 
 to this rf.niarkable man, who proved so efficient and faithful an 
 aid to La Salle in all his great undertakings, the following ex- 
 tract from Moses' " History of Illinois " is worthy of quotation, 
 at least for its romant'c interest: 
 
 "According to the Indian tradition, which, although of 
 doubtful authenticity, is more in harmony with the romantic and 
 poetic life of the old explorer, at the close of a day in the mid- 
 sunnner of 1718, he once more arrived at Fort St. Louis in a 
 canoe paddled by two faithful followers. His hair frosted by 
 many years of exposun^, enfeebled in body, forsaken bj^ those 
 whom he had befriended, he returned at last to the familiar scene 
 of his former triumphs Avhere, his last hours consoled by the 
 ministrations of his church, his valiant spirit passed away. 
 Brave, generous and true, no man contributed more to the ad- 
 vancement of trade and the occupation of the " Illinois Country " 
 
26 
 
 TUl', WIIITF, CITV 
 
 II.F.INOIS. 
 
 ■■I' 'If: 
 
 $ 
 
 M 
 
 |:j||]|i|| 
 
 ut this curly period than tlic poorly requited Chevalier Henry dc 
 Tonty." 
 
 Haviiiji; lost ii hand in battle, Tonty carried one made of 
 copper, which j^ave him the name of "the iron-handed." 
 
 Other explorers who were the contemporaries or early suc- 
 cessors of Marquette, Joliet, La »Salle, T(Mity, Henne])in and 
 their companions in the Northwest, and many of whom aiv 
 known to have visited the "Illinois Country," and pnibably all 
 of whom did so, were Daniel Orcysolon du Lhut (called b}' La 
 Salle, du Luth), a cousin of Tonty, who was the first to reach 
 the Mississippi directly from Lake Superior, and from whom the 
 city of Duluth has been named; Henry Joutel, a townsman of 
 La Salle, who was one of the survivors of the ill-fated NLitagorda 
 Bay colony; Pierre Lc Sueur, the discoverer of c Minnesota 
 River, and Baron la Hontan, who made a tour gh Illinois 
 
 in i6<S8-9, of Avhich he published an account in 1703. 
 
 Chicago River early became a prominent point in the es- 
 timation of the PVench explorers and was a favorite line of travel 
 in reaching the Illinois by way of the Des Plaines, though prob- 
 ably sometimes confounded with other streams about the head of 
 the lake. The Calumet and Grand Calumet, allowing easy port- 
 age to the Des Plaines, were also used, and the St. Joseph from 
 which portage was had into the Kankakee, were probably parts 
 of the route first used b}- La Salle. The admiration excited in 
 the minds of the explorers by their discoveries is indicated in 
 the fact that the name which they sometimes attached to both 
 the Des Plaines and the Illinois, as well as the countrj- about the 
 head of Lake IMichigan, was "The Divine." 
 
iiiiji 
 
 mm 
 m 
 
 |(i!!l 
 

 CHAPTER III. 
 ABORIGINES AND EARLY MISSIONS. 
 
 IahorIGIN.'KL occupants of THK soil — K.\RI.V FRENCH MIS- 
 SIONS ON THE UPPER ILLINOIS AND AT CAHOKIA 
 
 AND KASKASKIA. 
 
 HEN the early French explorers ar- 
 rived in the "Illinoi.s Conntry" they 
 found it occnpied b}- a nnmber of 
 tribes of Indians, the most nnmeroiis 
 being the "Illinois," which consisted 
 of several families or bands that spread them- 
 selves over the conntr}- on both sides of the 
 ""Illinois River, extending even west of the Miss- 
 issippi; the Piankashaws on the east, extending bc3'ond the 
 present western bonndary of Indiana, a;id the Miamis in the 
 iiiorl.hcast, with whom a weaker tribe called the Weas were allied. 
 The Illinois confederation inclnded the Karkaskias, Peorias, 
 Cahokias, Tamaroas and Mitchigamies — the last being the tribe 
 from which Lake Michigan took its name. There seems to have 
 been a general drift of some of the stronger tribes toward the 
 outh and east about this time, as Alloncz represents that he 
 found the Miamis and their neighbors, the Mascoutins, about 
 ;Green Bay when he arrived there in 1670. At the same time, 
 [there is evidence that the Pottawatomies were located along the 
 tliern shore of Lake Superior and about the Sault St. Marie 
 now known as *'The Soo"), though within the next fifty j'ears 
 Ithey had advanced southward along the western shore of Lake 
 
 ■sou 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 87 
 
( ..mitmmmiiimm 
 
 28 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILUXOIS. 
 
 (1^^ 
 
 iiii'^;' 
 
 Michigan until they reached where Chicago now stands. Other 
 tribes from the north were the Kickapoos, Sacs and Foxes, and 
 Winncbagoes, while the Shawnees were a branch of a stron\,a'r 
 tribe from the southeast. Charlevoix, who wrote an account of 
 his visit to the "Illinois Country" in I72i,sa3's: "Fifty years ago 
 the Miamis were settled on the southern extremity of Lake 
 Michigan, in a place called Chicago from the name of a small 
 river which runs into the lake, the source of which is not far 
 distant from that of the River Illinois." It does not follow 
 necessarily that this was the Chicago River of to-day, as the 
 name appears to have been applied somewhat indefinitely, by the 
 early explorers, both to a region of country between the head of 
 the lake and the Illinois River, and to more than one stream 
 emptying into the lake in that vicinity. It has been conjectured 
 that the river meant by Charlevoix was the Calumet, as his 
 description would apply as well to that as to the Chicago, and 
 there is other evidence that the Miamis who were found 
 about the mouth of the St. Joseph River during the eighteenth 
 century, occupied a portion of Southern Michigan and Northern 
 Indiana, extending as far east as the Scioto River in Ohio. 
 
 All of these tribes (except the Winnebagoes) are assigned to 
 the Algonqiiin, or Canadian family, who were generally friendly 
 to the French. On the other hand, the Iroquois, who were lo- 
 cated south of the lakes and about the headwaters of the Ohio, 
 were the deadly foes of the French and of their aboriginal 
 friends, the Algonquins, as shown by their attacks upon the Illin- 
 ois Indians about " Starved Rock," as recited in the last chap- 
 ter. From the first, the Illinois seem to have conceived a stroni;; 
 liking for the French, and being pressed by the Iroquois on the 
 east, the Sacs and Foxes, Pottawatomies and Kickapoos on the 
 north and the Sioux on the west, by the beginning of the eight- 
 eenth century we find them much reduced in numbers gathered 
 about the French settlements near the mouth of the Kaskaskia 
 (or Okaw) river, in the western part of the present counties of 
 Randolph, Monroe and St. Clair. In spite of the zealous efforts 
 
 *A native lea( 
 as those of the Nc 
 vSallc's visits to th 
 zealous friend of t 
 cover what the Fr 
 of the Northwest 
 held l)v the Engli 
 feat. Tliis ended 
 later, he remaiiiei 
 Kpriii,irof 1769, ac 
 ill a carousal at C; 
 kaskia In<lian, sai 
 \Villianison, to co 
 aveiii,re.,l a few mo 
 '•■I N'antuni and " 
 atliiked party, all 
 
ILLINOIS — ABORIGINES AND 2ARLY MISSIONS. 
 
 29 
 
 of the missionaries, the contact of these tribes with the whites 
 was attended with the nsual results — demoralization, degrada- 
 tion and gradual extermination. The latter result was hastened 
 by the frequent attacks to which they were exposed from their 
 more warlike enemies, so that by the latter part of the eight- 
 eenth century, they were reduced to a few hundred dissolute 
 and depraved survivors of a once vigorous and warlike race. 
 
 During the early part of the French occupation, there arose 
 a chief named Chicagou (from whom the city of Chicago re- 
 ceived its name) who appears, like Red Jacket, Tecumseh and 
 Logan, to have been a man of unusual intelligence and vigor of 
 character, and to have exercised great influence with his people. 
 In 1725 he was sent to Paris, where he received the attentions 
 clue to a foreign potentate, and on his return was given a com- 
 mand in an expedition against the Chickasaws, who had been 
 making incursions from the South. 
 
 Such was the general distribution of the Indians in the 
 northern and central portions of the State, within the first fifty 
 years after the arrival of the French. At a later period the 
 Kickapoos advanced farther south and occupied a considerable 
 share of the central portion of the State, and even extended to 
 the mouth of the Wabash. The southern part was roamed over 
 by bands from beyond the Ohio and the Mississippi, including 
 the Cherokees and Chickasaws, and the Arkansas tribes, some 
 of whom were very powerful and ranged over a vast extent of 
 country.* 
 
 *A native leader who exerted a powerful influence over the Illinois Indians, as well 
 as those of the Northwest generallj', nearly a hundred years after Marquette's and La 
 Sally's visits to the country, was Pontiac, the famous chief of the Ottawas. He was a 
 zealous friend of the French, and between 1759 and 1765 made a des'ierate eflbrt to re- 
 cover what the French had lost at Quebec in the fonner year. He organized the Indians 
 of the Northwest into a confederation and succeeded in capturing nearly all the jwsts 
 held by the English, except Detroit and Fort Pitt, where he was conijielled to accept de- 
 feat. This ended wliat was known as " Pontiac's War." Coming to Illinois .some years 
 later, he remained about the FVench settlements in the vicinity of St. Louis. In the 
 .spring of 1769, according to a French authority, while participating with other Indians 
 in a carousal at Cahokia '^opposite St. Louis), he was treacherously aasassinated by «i Kas- 
 kaskia Indian, siiid to have been hired with a barrel of whisky by an Englishman named 
 Williamson, to connuit the deed. This act, according to Indian tradition, was fearfully 
 avenged a few months later in an attack by the Pottawattomies upon th" ancient village of 
 La Vantum and " Starved Rock," the latter then receiving its name froi.' the fate of the 
 attacked party, all of whom are said to have perished except a half-breed. 
 
! ^■t'Mhl vft»..WAi»ffBli 
 
 30 
 
 THK WHITI-; CITY 
 
 ILLIXOIS. 
 
 '^1 
 
 The Pottawatoiuies, with their relatives, the Ottawas and 
 the Chippewas, together with a remnant of the Shawnecs, 
 nltimatcly became dominant in Northern Illinois, nntil they 
 were defeated by Gen. Anthony Wayne at Presque Isle, in 1794, 
 when the treat}' of Greenville with them and other tribes the 
 following year, cnrbed their influence. The Illinois Indians were 
 described by their friends, the early missionaries, as " tall of 
 stature, strong, robust, the swiftest runners in the world and 
 good archers, proud yet affable," and yet it wa,'' added, they wtr 
 "idle, revengeful, jealous, cunning, dissolute and thiovish." 
 
 The earliest civilized dwellings in Illinois, after the forts 
 erected for purposes of defense, were undoubtedly the posts of 
 the fur-traders and the niissionar}^ stations. Fort j\Iianii, the 
 first military post, established by La Salle in the winter of 
 1679-S0, was at the month of the St. Joseph River within the 
 boundaries of what is now the State of IVIichigan. Fort Crcrc- 
 Cceur^ partially erected a few months later on the east side of the 
 Illinois a few miles below where the cit}- of Peoria now stands. 
 was never occupied. Mr. Charles Ballance, the historian of 
 Peoria, locates this fort at the present village of Wesley, in Taze- 
 well County, nearly opposite Lower Peoria. Fort St. Louis, 
 built by Tont\' on the summit of " Starved Rock," in the fall 
 and winter of 1682, was the second erected in the "Illinois 
 Country," but the first occupied. It has been claimed that Mar- 
 quette established a mission among the Kaskaskias, opposite 
 "The Rock" on the occasion of his finst visit in September, 
 1673, and that he renewed it in the spring of 1675 when he 
 visited it for the last time. It is doubtful if this mission 
 was more than a season of preaching to the natives, celebrating 
 mass, administering baptism, etc.; at least the story of uii 
 established mission has been denied. That this devoted ar.d 
 zealous propagandist regarded it as a mission, however, is evi- 
 dent from his own journal. He gave to it the name of the 
 " Mission of the Immaculate Conception," and although he was 
 compelled by failing he?ilth to abandon it almost immediately, it 
 
ILLINOIS — ABORIGINKS AND KARLY MISSIONS. 
 
 31 
 
 is claimed that it was renewed in 1677 ^3' Father Alloiicz/^' who 
 had been active in founding missions in the Lake Superior 
 a\i;i()ii, and that it was maintained until the arrival of La Salle 
 in 16S0. The hostility of La Salle to the Jesuitsledto Allouez' 
 withdrawal, but he subtrequently returned and was succeeded in 
 16SS by Father Gravier, whose labors extended from Mackinaw 
 to Biloxi on the Gulf of Mexico. He spent some time among 
 the Pcorias previous to 1700, and while laboring among the lat- 
 "ter, at a still later period, he received a wound, in an attack in- 
 cited by the "medicine men," from which he died at ]\Iobile in 1 706. 
 
 There is evidence that a mission had been established among 
 the Miamis as earh' as 1698, under the name " Chicago,'' as it is 
 mentioned by St. Cosme in the report of his visit in 1699-1700. 
 This, for the reasons alread}- given showing the indefinite use 
 made of the name Chicago as applied to streams about the head 
 of Lake Michigan, probabU* referred to some other localit}' in 
 the vicinit}', and not to the site of the present cit} of Chicago. 
 Even at an earlier date there appears, from a statement in 
 Tont}-'s Memoirs, to have been a fort at Chicago — probably 
 about the same localit}' as the mission. vSpeaking of his return 
 from Canada to the "Illinois Country" in 1685, he says: "I 
 embarked for the Illinois October 30, 16S5, but being stopped by 
 the ice, I was obliged. to lea\ e ni}' canoe and proceed by land. 
 After going 120 leagues, I arrived at Fort Chicagou, where M. 
 (Ic la Duranta3'e commanded. "t 
 
 According to the best authorities it was during the vear 
 1700 that a mission and permanent settlement was established 
 in- Father Jacques Pinet among the Tamaroas at a village called 
 Cahokia (or "Saintc Famille de Cahokia"), a few miles soutii of 
 the present site of the city of East St. Louis.| This was the 
 
 ^Shea's "History of the Discovery of the Mississippi." 
 
 tllistorical CoHections of Louisiana, Vol. II., p. 67. 
 
 tThf first FriMU-h si'ttleiueiit otl thu Gulf of Mexico was c.stahli.shcd at Hiloxi, at the 
 lii.,ul(if Missi.ssippi Sound in the jire.sent State of Missi.'isippi, hy the brothers Ilierville 
 mil I5ienville, natives of Montreal, in 169S The next year they e.stahiished a settlement 
 "II Dauphin Island ojiposite tlii' mouth of Alobile Ha\' and in 1700 another at " I'overtv 
 I'oiiit," on the Mis,sissip])i thirty -eijjlit miles helow New Orleans. In 171.S New Orleans 
 waslouiuled as an emporium for the lower IMississippi region. 
 
M 
 
 
 m 
 
 32 THK WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 first pcnnaucnt .settlement by Europeans in Illinois, as tluii at 
 Kaskaskia on the Illinois was broken up the same year. 
 
 A few months after the establishment of the mission at 
 Cahokia (which received the name of "St. Sulpice"), but dur- 
 ing the same year, the Kaskaskias, having abandoned their vil- 
 lage on the upper Illinois, were induced to settle near the mouth 
 of the river which bears their name, and the mission and 
 village — the latter afterward becoming the first capital of the 
 Territory and State of Illinois — came into being.'^' Among the 
 earliest missionaries connected with the Cahokia mission were 
 Fathers Bergier and Lamoges, and among those connected with 
 that at Kaskaskia were Fathers Gabriel Alarest and Jean 
 Alermet. 
 
 *This identity of naiiR's has led to some confusion in delerniinin}; the dale and ]ilaci 
 of the lirsl ])ennaiient settlement in Illi:''ois, the date of Mar(|uette's first arrival at Kas- 
 kaskia on the Illinois heinj^ jriven l)y some authors u.. that of the settlement at Kaskaski;i 
 on the Mississipi)i, twenty-seven years later. 
 
 ! k 
 
 
 I ?f| 
 
 j|:it-i!*'i 
 
 ii:i,i',f' 
 
 i:i.';:';i 
 
 'i!i:!l 
 
 -^jj*!^-*,-? 
 
FIRST 1 
 
 1 '|l!i 
 
 
 m.\ 
 
 til 
 hokia and 
 the vicinit 
 time tlie n; 
 the centre ^ 
 tlic mouth 
 of the coni 
 peltries, ai 
 to New Or 
 such other 
 being brou 
 seven to t\v 
 
 *Viiicennei 
 
 of villages in tl 
 
 Illinois. 
 
CHAPTER IV. 
 PERIOD OK FRENCH OCCUPATION. 
 
 FIRST I'KRMANENT SKTTLEMEXTS — THK GROIT OK FRENCH 
 
 VILLAGES AHOIT KASKA.SKLV — NEW ERAXCE — 
 
 ILLINOIS ATTACHED TO LOriSIANA. 
 
 S may be readily inferred from the methods 
 of French colonization, the first penna- 
 ; nent settlements gathered abont the mis- 
 '"■ sions at Cahokia and Kaskaskia, or rather 
 were parts of them. At later periods, bnt 
 dnring the French occnpation of the coun- 
 try, other villages were established, the most im- 
 portant being St. Philip and Prairie du Rocher; all 
 of these being located in the fertile valley now known as 
 the "American Bottom" between the older towns of Ca- 
 hokia and Kaskaskia. There were several Indian villages in 
 the vicinity of the French settlements, and this became for a 
 time the most populous localit}- in the Mississippi valle}- and 
 the centre of an active trade carried on with the settlements near 
 the mouth of the Mississippi.''' Large quantities of the products 
 of the countr}', such a.s flour, bacon, pork, tallow, lumber, lead, 
 peltries, and even wine were transported in keel-boats or batteaus 
 to Xcw Orleans ; rice, manufactured tobacco, cotton goods and 
 such other fabrics as the simple wants of the people required, 
 being brought back in return. These boats went in convoj-s of 
 seven to twelve in number for mutual protection, three months 
 
 'Vincenncs on the Wabash, scttle'l in 1710, was the settlement nearest to tlie Kfoup 
 of villages in the American Hottoni. 
 
 IlliiKiis. 83 
 
34 
 
 THK WHITP: city — ILLINOLS. 
 
 ■I -it:' 
 
 m 
 
 , 'I 
 
 being required to make n trip, of which two were made annually 
 — one in the spring and the other in the autumn. 
 
 A prominent hindnuirk of this interesting h)cality was Fort 
 Chartres, a strong fortress erected by the French in 1720, and 
 afterward rebuilt on a larger and more substantial scale, in 1754. 
 It was erected in the Mississippi bottom, about eighteen miUs 
 northwest of Kaskaskia. Capt. Philij) Pittman, the English 
 engineer who visited it in 1766, describes it as 'an irregular 
 quadrangle" with the exterior sides 490 feet in length, the walls 
 two feet, two inches thick and eighteen feet high. It enclosed 
 an area of more than five acres, in which were erected barracks, 
 officers' quarters, store-houses, magazines and everj'thing re- 
 quired to make a complete fortress of that time. The importance 
 attribiited by the F'rench to the protection of this locality is in- 
 dicated hy the fact that the cost of this fortress is said to have 
 been $1,000,000. Pittman says: "It is generally allowed that 
 this is the most commodious and best built fort in North Amer- 
 ica." In 1 756 it stood one mile from the river, but ten years later, 
 when Pittman visited it, the river had encroached to within 
 eighty rods of the walls, and for a generation scarcely a vestige 
 of this structure has remained, all that had not been removed to 
 Kaskaskia and other points for building purposes, having fallen 
 into the river. While it belonged to France, the seat of govern- 
 ment of the "Illinois Countr}' " was here, and it became the 
 headquarters of the English commandant — who was the arbitrary 
 Governor of the country — during the period of occupancy^ by 
 the British, extending from 176' to 1772, when it was partially 
 destroyed by one of the periodical floods of the Mississippi. 
 
 The French possessions in North America went under the 
 general name of "New France," but their boundaries were never 
 clearly^ defined, though an attempt was made to do so through 
 Commissioners who met at Paris in 1752. The}' Avere under- 
 stood by the French to include the valley of the St. Lawrence, 
 with Labrador and Nova Scotia, to the northern boundaries of| 
 the British Colonies ; the region of the Great Lakes ; and the 
 
IM.INOI.S — I'KRIOD OF I-RKXCH OCCUPATION. 
 
 35 
 
 \':illi'y of the Mississippi from the hcnchvaters of the Ohio west- 
 ward to the Pacific Ocean and sonth to the Gnlf of Mexico. 
 While these claims were contested b}' England on the east and 
 S})!iiii on the sonthwest, they comprehended the very heart of 
 tlu' North American continent, a region nnsnrpassed in fertility 
 and natnral resonrces and now the home of more than half of 
 the entire popnlation of the American Republic. That the 
 French should have reluctantly yielded up so magnificent a do- 
 main is natnral. And yet they did this by the treaty of 1763, 
 surrendering the region east of the Mississippi (exc-pt a com- 
 paraiively small district near the mouth of that stream) to Eng- 
 land, and the remainder to Spain — an evidence of the straits to 
 which they had been reduced by a long series of devastating 
 wars. 
 
 In 1712 Antoine Crozat, under royal letters-patent, obtained 
 from Louis XIV. of France, a monopol}'' of the commerce, with 
 control of the country-, "from the edge of the sea (Gulf of Mex- 
 ico) as far as the Illinois." This grant having been surrendered 
 a few years later, was renewed in 1717 to the "Company of the 
 West," of which the celebrated George Law was the head, and 
 tuider it jurisdiction was exercised over the trade of Illinois. On 
 September 27th of the same year ( 1717), the "Illinois Countr}-," 
 which had been a dependency of Canada, Mas incorporated with 
 Louisiana and became a part of that province. Law's company 
 received enlarged powers under the name of the "East Indies 
 Compau}," and although it went out of existence in 1721 with 
 the opprobrious title of the "South Sea Bubble," leaving in its 
 wake hundreds of ruined private fortunes in France and Eng- 
 land, it did much to stimulate the population and development 
 of the Alississippi Valley. During its existence (in 17 18) New 
 Orleans was founded and Fort Chartres erected, being named 
 after the Due de Chartres, son of the Regent of France. Pierre 
 Duque Boisbriant was the first commandant of Illinois and su- 
 perintended the erection of the fort. 
 
 One of the privileges granted to Law's company was the 
 
.aitmttm 
 
 36 
 
 THH WHITH CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 m 
 
 :,;ill!;la:!iS: 
 
 Iff 
 
 11 
 
 ^m 
 
 
 III 
 
 ■ill 
 
 illiil 
 
 importation of slaves; aiul under it, in 1721, Philip F. Renault 
 brought to the country five hundred slaves besides two hundred 
 artisans, mechanics and laborers. Two 3'ears later, he received 
 a large grant of land, and founded the village of St. Philip a 
 few miles north of P'ort Chartres. Thus Illinois became slave 
 territory before a white settlement of any sort existed in what 
 afterward became the slave State of Missouri. In 1722 a parish 
 chnrch and stone residence for the Jesuits were erected in Kas- 
 kaskia, and mills and store-houses were built previous to that 
 time or at a later period both there and at Cahokia. The villajj^e 
 of Prairie du Rocher, four miles east of Fort Chartres, was 
 founded in 1733. 
 
 During 1721 the country under control of the F^ast Indies 
 Company was divided into nine civil and military districts, each 
 presided over b}' a commandant and a judge, with a sujierior 
 council at New Orleans. Of these, Illinois, the largest and, 
 next to New Orleans, the most populous, was the .seventh. It 
 embraced over one-half the present State, with the country west 
 of the ]\Iississip])i, be^.\ en the Arkansas and the 43d degree of 
 latitude, to the Rocky Mountains, and included the present 
 States of Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Kansas and par^^s of Arkan- 
 sas and Colorado. In 1732, the Indies Company surrendered 
 its charter, and Louisiana, including the district of Illinois, w.s 
 afterwards governed by officers appointed directly by the cro\\n. 
 The roll of commandants of Illinois diiring the period of Frencli 
 occupation, includes the names of Pierre d' Artaguiette, 1734-36; 
 Alphonse de la Bui.soniere, 1736-40; Benoist de St. Claire, 
 1740-42; Chevalier de Bcrtel, 1742-48, when St. Claire was 
 reinstated. 
 
 While the general government of the "Illinois Country" 
 under the French was a sort of mixed civil and military rule 
 mildly administered, that of the villages was of a paternal or 
 hierarchic character administered by the priests, who settled 
 quarrels, baptized children, married the adults, ministered to the 
 dying, buried the dead and exercised a general supervision over 
 
ILLINOIS — in:Rion of rRi-xcii occrPATiox. 
 
 ?>7 
 
 iIk' welfare of the little eoiiuminit}'. Their influeiiee cxteiulecl 
 to all, :uk1 froiii their jiulj^iiietit there was little disposition to 
 appeal. 
 
 As earl}- as September, 1699, an attenijjt was made by an 
 expedition, fitted out by the P)njj^lish Government under com- 
 mand of Captains Barr and Clements, to take possession of the 
 country about the mouth of the Mississippi on the ground of 
 pri(.r discovery; but they found the French under Bienville 
 ahvady in possession at Biloxi, and they sailed away without 
 making any further effort to carry the scheme into effect. Mean- 
 while, in the early part of the next century, the English were 
 successful in attaching to their interests the Iroquois, who were 
 the deadly foes of the French, and held possession of Western 
 New York and the region around the headwaters of the Ohio 
 River, extending their incursions against the Indian allies of 
 the French as far west as Illinois. The real struggle for terri- 
 tory between the Knglish and French began with the formation 
 of the Ohio Land Company in 174S-9, and the grant to it by 
 the English Government of half a million acres of land along 
 the Ohio River, with the exclusive right of trading with the In- 
 dian tribes in that region. Out of this grew the establishment, 
 iu the next two 3'ears, of trading posts and forts on the Miami 
 aud Maumee in Western Ohio, followed b}- the protracted French 
 and Indian War, which was prosecuted with varied fortunes until 
 the final defeat of the French at Quebec, on the thirteenth of 
 vScptember, 1759, which broke their power on the American con- 
 tiuent. Among those who took part in this struggle, was a 
 contingent from the French garrison of Fort Chartres. Neyon 
 de Villiers, commandant of the fort, was one of these, being the 
 only survivor of seven brothers who participated in the defense of 
 Canada. Still hopeful of saving Louisiana and Illinois, he de- 
 parted with a few followers for New Orleans, but the treat}- of 
 Paris, February 10, 1763, destroyed all hope, for by its terms 
 Canada, and all other territory east of the Mississippi as far 
 south as the northern boundary of Florida, was surrendered to 
 
>• 'i' v-'^ f -.h'-.-- tf i*^?fc"ai 
 
 'III 
 
 
 38 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — II^LINOIS. 
 
 Great Bri'-aiii, while the remainder, including the vast territor; 
 west of the Mississippi, was given up to Spain. 
 
 Thus, the '' Illinois Country " fell into the hands of tin. 
 British, although the actual transfer of Fort Chartrcs and the 
 country dependent upon it did not take place until October 10, 
 1765, when its veteran conmiandant, St. Ange — who had conn. 
 from Yincennes to assume command on the retirement of \'ill- 
 iers. and who held it faithfull}- for the conqueror — surrendered 
 it to Capt. Thomas Stirling as the representative of the English 
 Government. It is worth}- of note that this was the last place ou 
 the North American continent to lower the French flag. vSt. 
 Ange, with the few civil officers and troops remaining with him, 
 retired to St. Louis, which had been founded in 1764, and where, 
 at the request of the citizens, many of whom, like hini.self, had 
 come from the Illinois villages, he assumed the position of com- 
 mandant, although he was then upon Spanish territory. In this 
 he was confirmed by General Uiloa, the Spanish Governor of New- 
 Orleans, and remained in authority until his death on December 
 27, 1774, at the age of 73. His fairness, courage and modera- 
 tion won for him the respect and confidence not only of his own 
 nationality, but of Spaniards and English also. 
 

 ■.ii^iJi'*'?; 
 
 ^-■f 
 
life 
 
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^W 
 
 BRITISH C 
 
 ROGER; 
 
 BRI 
 
 
 JSU 
 
 ¥ 
 
 Ml -? 
 
 [starting froi 
 
 [a force of fc 
 
 [Indiaii force 
 
 year, Capt. 
 
 iPciiiisylvau 
 
 jnois couutr} 
 
 iMauniee, w] 
 
 larrowly est 
 
 Ji;6s. when 
 
 Indian affaii 
 
 bratod speec 
 
 ^ort Pitt, t( 
 
 ^razer, who 
 
 'razcr read 
 
CHAPTER V. 
 THE REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD. 
 
 BRITISH OCCUPATION — ENGLISH GOVERNORS — COL. GEORGE 
 
 ROGERS Clark's expedition — conquest of Illinois — 
 
 BRITISH attack ON .ST. LOUIS — CAPTURE OF 
 FORT ST. JOSEPH. 
 
 p^-~:^HE delay o^ the British in taking possession of 
 
 the "Illinois Country," after the defeat of the 
 
 French at Quebec and the surrender of their 
 
 possessions in America by the treaty of 1763, 
 
 was due to its isolated position and the difficulty 
 
 of reaching it with sufficient force to establish the 
 
 British authorit}-. The first attempt was made 
 
 in the spring of 1764, when Maj. Arthur Loftus, 
 
 istartiiig from Pensacola, attt upted to ascend the Mississippi with 
 
 la force of four hundred regulars, but being met by a superior 
 
 jlndian force, was compelled to retreat. In August of the same 
 
 jyear, Capt. Thu las Morris was dispi;.tched from Western 
 
 |Peunsylvania with small force " to take possession of the Illi- 
 
 lois country." This expedition got as far as Fort Miami on the 
 
 launiee, when its progress was arrested, and its commander 
 
 larrowly escaped with his life. The next attempt was made in 
 
 1765, when Maj. George Croghan, a deputy superintendent of 
 
 hidiau affairs, whose name has lieen made historical by the cele- 
 
 oratcd speech of the Indian Chief Logan, was detailed from 
 
 'ort Pitt, to visit Illinois. Being detained, Lieut. Alexander 
 
 Mazer, who was to accompany Croghan, proceeded alone. 
 
 Mazer reached Kaskaskia, but met with so rough a reception 
 
 lllliiuU. 89 
 
'^mmm 
 
 mmmmmm. 
 
 40 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 
 ■'fit 
 
 from botli the French and Indians, that he thought it advisable 
 to leave in disguise, and escaped by descending the ^lississippi to 
 New Orleans. Croghan stjirted on his journey on the fifteenth 
 of Ma}', proceeding down the Ohio, accompanied by a party of 
 friendly Indians, but having been captured near the mouth of 
 the Wabash, he finally returned to Detroit without reaching liis 
 destination. 
 
 The first Britisli official to reach Fort Chartres was Capt 
 Thomas Stirling. Descending the Ohio with a force of one 
 hundred men, he reached Fort Chartres October 10, 1765, and 
 received the surrender of the fort from the faithful and courteous 
 St. Ange, as detailed at the close of the last chapter. It is es- 
 timated that at least one-third of the French citizens, including 
 the more wealthy, left rather than become Briti.sh subjects. 
 Those about Fort Chartres left a!lmost in a bod3^ Some joined 
 the French colonies on the lower ^Mississippi, while others, cross- 
 ing the river, settled in St. Genevive, then in .Spanish territory. 
 Much the larger number followed the venerable St. x\nge to St. 
 Louis, Avhich had been established as a trading post by Pierre 
 La Clcde, during the previous year, and which now received 
 what, in these later days, would be called a great " boom." 
 
 Captain Stirling was relieved of his command at Fort Char- 
 tres, December 4th, b}' IMaj. Robert Farmer.''' Other Britisli I 
 Commandants at Fort Chartres were Col. Edward Cole, Col. 
 John Reed, Colonel Wilkins, Capt. Hugh Lord and Francois de 
 Rastel, Chevalier dc Rocheblave. The last had been an ofHcer 
 in the French ami}' and having resided at Kaskaskia, transftrrd 
 his allegiance on occupation of the country by the British. He 
 was the last official representative of the Britisli Government in 
 Illinois. It has been claimed that at some time previous to this 
 date, St. Ange returned to Kaskaskia, but authorities do iiot| 
 seem to agree on this point. 
 
 The total population of tne French villages in Illinois, at I 
 
 *At lea.st one authority claims that this iiutne should be Fraser — the same who visited | 
 Kaska.skia in 1765. 
 
ILLINOIS — THK RF.VOLl'TIONARY I'ERKH). 
 
 41 
 
 the time of their transfer to Enj^laiul, has been estimated at 
 about 1,600, of which 700 were in Kaskaskia and 450 in Caho- 
 kia. Captain Pittnian estimated the population of all the French 
 villages in Illinois and on the Wabash, at the time of his visit in 
 1770, at about 2,000. Of St. Lonis — or " Paincourt," as it was 
 sometimes called — Captain Pittman said: "There are about forty- 
 private houses and as man}' families." Most of these, if not all, 
 had emigrated from the French villages. In fact, although nom- 
 inally in Spanish territory, it was essentially a French town, 
 protected, as Pittman said, by "a French garrison" consisting 
 of "a Captain-Commandant, two Lieutenants, a Fort Major, one 
 Sergeant, one Corporal and twent}' men." 
 
 The first official notice taken of the "Illinois Country" by 
 the Continental Congress, was the adoption by that body, July 
 13, 1775, of an act creating three Indian Departments — a North- 
 ern, Middle and Southern. Illinoi.'^ was assigned to the second, 
 with Benjamin Franklin and James Wilson, of Pennsylvania, 
 and Patrick Henry, of Virginia, as Commissioners. In April, 
 1776, Col. George Morgan, who had been a trader at Kaskaskia, 
 was appointed agent and successor to these Commissioners, with 
 headquarters at Fort Pitt. The promulgation of the Declara- 
 tion of Independence on the Fourth of Jiily, 1776, and the 
 events immediately preceding and following that event, directed 
 attention to the colonies on the Atlantic coast ; yet the frontiers- 
 men of Virginia were Avatching an opportunity^ to deliver a blow 
 to the Government of King George in a quarter where it was 
 least expected, and where it was destined to have an immense in- 
 fluence upon the future of the new nation, as Avell as that of the 
 American continent. During the year 1777, Col. George Rogers 
 Clark, a native of Virginia, then scarcely twentj'-five years of 
 age, having conceived a plan of seizing the settlements in the 
 Mississippi Valle}^ sent trusty .spies to learn the sentiments of 
 the people and the condition of affairs at Kaskaskia. The re- 
 port brought to him gave him encouragement, and in December 
 I of the same j'ear he laid before Gov. Patrick Henrj^, of Virginia, 
 
42 
 
 THK WHITE CITY — IIXIXOIS. 
 
 \:'W 
 
 his plans for the reduction of the posts in Illinois. These were 
 approved, and on Jannarj' 2, 1778, Clark received authority to 
 recruit seven companies of fifty men each for three months' serv- 
 ice, and Governor Henry gave him $6,000 for expenses. Pro- 
 ceeding to Fort Pitt, he succeeded in recruiting three companies 
 who were directed to rendezvous at Corn Island, opposite the 
 present city of Louisville. It has been claimed that, in order to 
 deceive the British as to his real destination, Clark authorized 
 the announcement that the object of the expedition was to pro- 
 tect the settlements in Kentucky from the Indians. At Corn 
 Island another company was organized, making four in all, un- 
 der the command of Captains Bowman, Montgomery, Helm and 
 Harrod, and having embarked on keel-boats, they passed the 
 Falls of the Ohio, June 24th. Reaching an island at the mouth 
 of the Tennessee on the 28th, he was met by a party of eight 
 American hunters, who had left Kaskaskia a few days before, 
 and who, joining his command, rendered good service as guides. 
 He disembarked his force at the mouth of a small creek one 
 mile above Fort Massac, June 29th, and, directing his course 
 across the country, on the evening of the 6th day (July 4, 17781 
 arrived within three miles of Kaskaskia. The surprise of the 
 unsuspecting citizens of Kaskaskia and its small garrison, was 
 complete. His force having, under cover of darkness, been fer- 
 ried across the Kaskaskia river, about a mile above the town, 
 one detachment surrounded the town, while the other seized the 
 fort, capturing Rocheblave and his little command without firing 
 a gun. The famous Indian fighter and hunter, Simon Kenton, 
 led the \vay to the fort. This is supposed to have been what 
 Captain Pittman called the "Jesuits' house," which had been 
 sold by the French Government after the country was ceded to I 
 England, the Jesuit order having been suppressed. A wooden 
 fort, erected in 1736, and known afterward by the British as 
 Fort Gage, had stood on the bluff opposite the town, but accord- 
 ing to Pittman, this was burnt in 1 766, and there is no evidence | 
 that it was ever rebuilt. 
 
ILLINOIS — THK REVOLUTIOXARY I'KRIOD. 
 
 43 
 
 Clark's expedition was thus far a complete success. Roclie- 
 blave, proving recalcitrant, was placed in irons and sent as a 
 prisoner of war to Williamsburg, while his slaves were confis- 
 cated, the proceeds of their sale being divided among Clark's 
 troops. The inhabitants were easily conciliated, and Cahokia 
 having been captured without bloodshed, Clark turned his atten- 
 tion to Vincennes. Through the influence of Pierre Gibault — 
 the \'icar-General in charge at Kaskaskia — the people of Vin- 
 cennes were induced to swear allegiance to the United States, and 
 although the place was afterward captured bj' a British force from 
 Detroit, it was on Februar}- 24, 1779, recaptured by Col. Clark, 
 together with a bod}^ of prisoners, but little smaller than the 
 attacking force, and $50,000 worth of property. 
 
 Seldom in the history' of the world have such important re- 
 snlts been achieved by j^nich insignificant instrumentalities and 
 with so lutle sacrifice of life, as in this almost bloodless cam- 
 paign of the youthful conqueror of Illinois. Having been won 
 largely through Virginia enterprise and valor and by material 
 aid furnished through Governor Henry, the Virginia House of 
 Delegates in October, 1778, proceeded to assert the jurisdiction 
 of that commonwealth over the settlements of the Northwest, by 
 organizing all the country M'est and north of the Ohio River, 
 into a county to be called " Illinois," and empowering the Gov- 
 ernor to appoint a " county-lieutenant or commandant-in-chief" 
 to exercise civil authority during the pleasure of the appointing 
 power. Thus "Illinois county" was older than the States of 
 Ohio or Indiana, while Patrick Henry, the eloquent orator of the 
 Revolution, became cx-officio its first Governor. Col. John Todd, 
 a citizen of Kentucky, was appointed " Count^'-Lieutenant," De- 
 cember 12, 1778, entering upon his duties in May following. 
 The militia was organized, Deputy-Commandants for Kaskaskia 
 and Cahokia appointed, and the first election of civil ofiicers ever 
 had in Illinois, was held imder Colonel Todd's direction. His 
 record-book, now in possession of the Chicago Historical Society, 
 shows that he was accustomed to exercise powers scarcely in- 
 
44 
 
 TIIK WHITK CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 ferior to those of a State Executive. Before the close of his first 
 year, he was appointed Colonel of a X'irj^inia rej^nnient; in ijSo 
 he was elected a member of the X'irginia House of Delegates from 
 the county of Kentiick\-, and in ijcSi became a citizen and official 
 of Lexington, Kentuck}-. He was killed at the battle of Hlue 
 Licks, August iS, 17S2. 
 
 In 1782 one "Thimothe Demunbrunt " subscribed himself 
 as "Lt. conid'g par iuh'riiii, etc." — but the origin of his 
 authority is not clearly understood. He assumed to act as com- 
 mandant until the arrival of Gov. Arthur St. Clair, first Terri- 
 torial Oovernor of the Northwest-Territory, in 1790. After the 
 close of the Revolution, courts ceased to be held and civil affairs 
 fell into great disorder. "In effect, there was neither law nor 
 order in the " Illinois Country " for the seven years from 17CS3 to 
 1790.=^= 
 
 During the progress of the Revolution, there were the usual 
 rumors and alarms in the "Illinois Countr}^" peculiar to frontier 
 life in time of war. The country-, however, was singularly 
 exempt from an\' serious calamity such as a general massacre. 
 One reason for this was the friendh' relations which had existed 
 between the French and their Indian neighbors previous to tlie 
 conquest, and which the new masters, after the capture of Kas- 
 kaskia, took pains to perpetuate. Several movements were pro- 
 jected b\' the British and their Indian allies about Detroit and 
 in Canada, but they were kept so bus}' elsewhere that they had 
 little time to put their plans into execution. One of these was 
 a proposed movement from Pensacola against the Spanish posts 
 on the lower Mississippi, to punish Spain for having engaged in 
 the war of 1779, but the promptness with which the Spanish 
 Governor of New Orleans proceeded to capture Fort Manclia:, 
 Baton Rouge and Natchez from their British possessors, con- 
 vinced the latter that this was a "gf.meat which two could play.' 
 In ignorance of these results, an expedition 750 strong, coni- 
 po.sed largely of Indians, fitted out at Mackinaw under command 
 
 *Moses' History of Illinoi.s. 
 
IJJ.INOIS — TlIK RKVOLUTIOXARV I'KRIOU. 
 
 45 
 
 of Capt, Patrick Sinclair, started in tlie early part of May, 17S0, 
 to co-operate with the expedition on the lower Mississippi, bnt in- 
 tendin.t( to deal a destructive blow to the Illinois \illajj[cs and the 
 Spanish towns of St. Lonis and St. Genevive on the way. This 
 expedition reached St. Lonis May 26th, bnt Col. George Rogers 
 Clark having arrived at Cahokia with a small force twent3'-fonr 
 hours earlier, prepared ^.0 co-operate with the Spaniards on the 
 western shore of the Mississippi, and the invading force confined 
 their depredations to killing seven or eight villagers, and then 
 beat a hasty retreat in the direction they had come. These were 
 the last expeditions organized to regain the "conntry of the Illi- 
 nois" or capture Spanish posts on the Mississippi. 
 
 An expedition of a different sort is worthy of mention in 
 this connection, as it originated mi Illinois. This consisted of a 
 company of seventeen men, led by one Thomas Brad}*, a citizen 
 of Cahokia, who, marching across the countr}-, in the month of 
 October, 1780, after the retreat of Sinclair from St. Louis, suc- 
 ceeded in surprising and capturing Fort St. Joseph about where 
 La Salle had erected Fort Miami, near the mouth of the St. 
 Joseph River, a hundred years before. Brad}^ and his party 
 captured a few British prisoners and a large cpiantity of goods. 
 On their return, while encamped on the Calumet, they were 
 attacked by a band of Pottawatomies, and all were killed, 
 wounded or taken prisoners except Brad}- and two others, who 
 escaped. Early in January, 1781, a party consisting of sixty- 
 five whites, organized from St. Louis and Cahokia, with some 200 
 Indians, and headed by Don Eugenio Pourre, a Spaniard, started 
 on a second expedition against Fort St. Joseph. By silencing 
 the Indians, whom they met on their way, with promises of 
 
 I plunder, they were able to reach the fort without discovery, cap- 
 tured it and raising the Spanish flag, formally took possession 
 
 [ in the name of the King of Spain. After retaining possession 
 for a few days, the party returned to St. Louis, but in negotiating 
 the treat}' of peace at Paris, in 1783, this incident was made the 
 
 j basis of a claim put forth b}' Spain to ownership of the "Illinois 
 
 'Country" "by right of conquest." 
 
' -^^s^^teteOKl^WA^tiMttta 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 THE TERRITORIAL PERIOD. 
 
 ILLINOIS AS PART OF TUlv XORTHWKST AXD INDIANA TERRI- 
 TORIES — ORDINANCE OF I 787 — GOVERNORS ST. CLAIR 
 AND HARRISON — INDIAN TREATIES — ILLINOIS TER- 
 RITORY ORGANIZED — IvVRLY SETTLERS — GOV- 
 ERNOR EDWARI^ —WAR OF I Si 2 — FORT 
 DEARBORN MASSACRE — KARLY 
 ILLINOIS TOWNS. 
 
 
 T the very outset of its existence, the New 
 Government of the United States was con- 
 fronted with an embarrassing question 
 which deepl}' affected the interests of the 
 territory of which Illinois formed a part. 
 This was the claim of certain States to 
 ^^^rfiK ' lands lying between their western boundaries ami 
 the Mississippi River, then the western boundarv 
 i'j-T of the Republic. These claims were based either upon 
 the terms of their original charters or upon the cession 
 of lands by the Indians, and it was under a claim of the former 
 charter, as well as by right of conquest, that Virginia assumed 
 to exercise authority o\er the "Illinois Country" after its cap- 
 ture by the Clark expedition. This construction was opposed 
 by the States which, from their geographical position or other 
 cause, had no claim to lands beyond their own boundaries, and 
 the controversy was waged with considerable bitterness for .sev- 
 eral years, proving a formidable obstacle to the ratification of the 
 
 niluois. 46 
 
II.MXOIS — Till", TI'RRITORIAL PKRIOD. 
 
 47 
 
 Articles of Confederation. As early as 1779 the subject received 
 the attention of Congress in the adoption of a resolution requcst- 
 iwil the States havinjr such claims to " forbear settlinjif or issuing 
 warrants for unappropriated lands or j^rantinjj^ the same durinjf the 
 continuance of the present (Revolutionary) War." In the follow- 
 ing year, New York authorized her delegates in Congress to limit 
 its boundaries in such manner as they might think e::pedient, and 
 to cede to the Government its claim to western lands. The case 
 was further con: r>]icated by the claims of certain land companies 
 which had been previously organized. New York filed her cession 
 to the General Government of lands claimed by her in October, 
 17S2, followed by X'irginia nearly a year later, and by Alassachu- 
 sctts and Connecticut in 17S5 and 1786. Other vStatcs followed 
 somewhat tardily, Georgia being the last, in 1S02. It was from 
 the splendid domain north and west of the Ohio thus acquired from 
 X'irginia and other States, that the Northwest Territory was 
 finally organized. The first step was taken in the passage by 
 Congress, in 1784, of a resolution providing for the temporary 
 government of the Western Territory, and this was followed 
 three j'cars later by the enactment of the celebrated Ordinance 
 of 1787. While this latter document contained numerous pro- 
 visions which marked a new departure in the science of free gov- 
 ennnent — as, for instance, that declaring that "religion, morality 
 and knowledge being necessary to good government and the hap- 
 piness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall 
 forever be encoura;;ed" — its crowning feature was the sixth 
 article, as follows: "There shall be neither slavery nor involun- 
 tary servitude in the said Territor}^ otherwise than in the pun- 
 ishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly con- 
 victed." 
 
 Although there has been considerable controversy as to the 
 authorship of the above and other provisions of this immortal 
 document, it is worthy of note that substantially the same lan- 
 guage was introduced in the resolutions of 1784, by a delegate 
 from a slave State — Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia — though not 
 
Mii 
 
 48 
 
 Tui-: wiirri', cir\ — ii.mnois. 
 
 tlieu adopted. Jefferson was not a nicinhcr of the Congress of 
 1787 (being then minister to France) and conld have had noth- 
 ing directly to do with the hiter Ordinance; yet it is evident that 
 the principle which he had advocated, finally received the ap- 
 proval of eight ont of the thirteen vStates, — all that were repre- 
 sented in that Congress — inclnding the slave States of Virginia, 
 Delaware, North Carolina, Sonth Carolina and (ieorgia.* 
 
 Under the Ordinance of 1787, organizing the Northwest 
 Territory, Gen. Arthnr St. Clair, who had been a .soldier of the 
 Revolntion, was appointed the first Governor on February i, 
 1788, with W'inthrop Sargent, Secretary, and Saninel Holdeii 
 Parsons, James Mitchell Varnnm and John Cleves Symmes, 
 Judges. All these were reappointed b}' President Washington 
 in 17S9. The new Territorial Government was organized at 
 Marietta, a settlement on the Ohio, July 15, 178.S, but it was 
 nearly two years later before Governor St. Clair visited Illinois, 
 arriving at Kaskaskia, March 5, 1790. The county of St. Clair 
 (named after him) was organized at this time, embracing all the 
 settlements between the Wabash and the Mississippi. He found 
 the inhabitants generally in a deplorable condition, neglected by 
 the Government, the courts of justice practically abolished and 
 many of the citizens sadly in need of the obligations due them 
 from the Government for supplies furnished to Colonel Clark 
 twelve years before. After a stay of three months, the Governor 
 returned east. In 1795, Judge Turner held the first court in »St. 
 Clair Coxinty, Cahokia being the county seat. The .second 
 county (Randolph) was organized the same 3'ear, and Kaskaskia 
 became its county .seat. In 1 796 Governor St. Clair paid a sec- 
 ond visit to Illinois, accompanied by Judge Symmes, who held 
 court at the two county-seats. On November 4, 1791, occurred 
 the celebrated defeat of Governor St. Clair, in the western part 
 of the present State of Ohio, by a force of Indians under com- 
 
 *For an exhaustive discussion of the authorship of this famous provision, as well as 
 a discussion of the claims of the States to the lands constituting; the Northwest Territdiv, 
 see Moses' " Hi.story of Ulinois," Vol. I, pp. 174-192. 
 
ILLINOIS — TIIK TFKRITORIAI, PKRIOD. 
 
 49 
 
 niaiitl of Little Turtk", in uliicli iIk- wliitos sust.'iincd a heavy 
 loss of both ineii and property. St. Clair, ha\ injj^ resi^nied his 
 coimnand of the army, was succeeded by (ieii. Anthony Wayne, 
 will), in a vigorous campaign, overwhelmed the Indians with de- 
 feat; this resulted in the treaty with the Western tribes at Green- 
 ville, August 3, 1795, which was the beginning of a period of 
 comparative peace with the Indians all over the Western country. 
 
 In 1798, the Territory having gained the requisite popula- 
 tion, an election of members of a legislative Council and House 
 of Representatives was held in accordance with the provisions of 
 the Ordinance of 17S7. This was the first Territorial Legisla- 
 ture organized in the history of the Republic. It met at Cincin- 
 nati, February 4, 1799, vShadrach Bond being the delegate from 
 St. Clair County and John Edgar from Randolph. CJen. Will- 
 iam Henry Harrison, who had succeeded Sargent as Secretary 
 of the Territory, June 26, 1798, was elected Delegate to Congress, 
 receiving a majority of one vote over Arthur St. Clair, Jr., son of 
 the Governor. 
 
 By act of Congress, May 7, 1800, the Northwest Territory- 
 was divided into Ohio and Indiana Territories; the latter oc- 
 cupying the region west of the present State of Ohio, and hav- 
 ing its capital at "Saint Vincent" (\'incennes). Ma^- 13, William 
 Henry Harrison, who had been the first Delegate in Congress 
 from the Northwest Territor}', was appointed Governor of 
 Indiana Territory, which at first consisted of three counties: 
 Knox, St. Clair and Randolph — the two latter being within 
 the boundaries of the present State of Illinois. Their ag- 
 i^regate population at this time was estimated at less than 
 5,000. During his administration Governor Harrison con- 
 cluded thirteen treaties with the Indians, of which six related to 
 the cession of lands in Illinois.''' 
 
 ■The first treaty relating to lands in Illinois was that of (ircenville, eoiicliided 
 liy General W'avne in 1795. Hy this the C.overiitnent ac((nired six miles s(juare at the 
 iiioiitli of the Chicago River ; twelve miles sqnare at the mouth of the Illinois ; six miles 
 s(|ii;ire at the old I'eoria fort ; the post of Fort Massiic ; and I50,(xx) acres assigned to 
 (ieiioral Clark and his soldiers, besides all other lands "in possession of the French peo- 
 ple and all other white seltlers amonij; them, the Indian title to which had been thus ex- 
 tinj^uished."— .I/o.sv'.v' History of Illinois. 
 
50 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILIJXOIS. 
 
 During the 3'ear 1S03, the treaty with France for the piu- 
 chase of Louisiana and West Florida was concluded, and on 
 March 26, 1804, an act was passed bj^ Congress attaching all 
 that portion of Louisiana lyiug north of the thirty-third parallel 
 of latitude and west of the Mississippi to Indiana Territory fur 
 governmental purposes. This included the present States of Ar- 
 kansas, ]\Iissouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, the two 
 Dakotas, part of Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaiio, Wash- 
 ington and Oregon. This arrangement continued onl}- until the 
 following ]\Iarch, when Louisiana was placed under a separate 
 Territorial organization. 
 
 For four years Indiana Territory was governed under laws 
 framed by the Governor and Judges, but, the population having 
 increased to the required number, an election was held, Septem- 
 ber II, 1S04, on the proposition to advance the government to 
 the "second grade" by the election of a Territorial Legislature. 
 The smallness of the vote indicated the indifference of the peo- 
 ple on the subject. Out of 400 votes cast the proposition re- 
 ceived a majority of 13S. The two Illinois counties cast a total of 
 142 votes, of which St. Clair furnished 81, and Randolph 61 ; 
 the former, giving a majority of 37 against the measure and the 
 latter 19 in its favor, shows a net majority against it of 18; the 
 adoption of the proposition was due therefore, to the affirmative 
 vote in the Indiana district.'^' At the electioi: of delegates to a 
 Territorial Legislature, held January 3, 1805, Shadrach Bond, 
 Sr. and William Biggs were elected for St. Clair County and 
 George Fisher for Randolph. Bond having meanwhile becouie 
 a member of the Legislative Council, Snadrach Bond, Jr. was 
 chosen his successor. The Legislature convened at Vincennes, 
 February 7, 1805, but only to recommend a list of persons from 
 whom it was the duty of Congress to select a Legislative Coun- 
 cil, lu addition to Bond, Pierre Menard was chosen for Ran- 
 dolph and John Hay for St. Clair. 
 
 *Tticre were in Uit Territory at this time six L-ouiities- ; one of these (Wayne) was ill 
 Michigan, whicli was set off, in "iljos, ns a separate Territorj-. 
 
'•■wMiMaasraai 
 
 BMtaa 
 
 one s 
 tlic_v 
 whicl: 
 tlie w 
 
 ^ 
 
 clivisi( 
 
 tions 
 
 From 
 
 wliite 
 
 at Ku! 
 
 part ol 
 
 there ^ 
 
 among 
 
 them c 
 
 Soutlie 
 
 chnseti 
 
 Golcon 
 
 kaskia, 
 
 grants, 
 
 Clark's 
 
 land ar 
 
 Bottom 
 
 bctweei 
 
 Americ 
 
 party. 
 
 history 
 
 ber of t 
 
 near K; 
 
 Americ; 
 
 the sani< 
 
 zen and 
 
 and W'i; 
 
 uncle of 
 
 Morriso 
 
ILLTXOIS — THH TKRRITORIAI. IM'.RIOD. 
 
 51 
 
 The Illinois counties were represented in two regular and 
 one special session of the Territorial Legislature during the time 
 thcv were a part of Indiana Territory. By act of Congress, 
 which became a law February 3, 1S09, the Territory was divided, 
 the western part being named Illinois. 
 
 At this point the history of Illinois as a separate political 
 division begins; though, while its boundaries in all other direc- 
 tions were as now, on the north it extended to the Canada line. 
 From what has already been said, it appears that the earliest 
 white settlements were established by French Canadians, chiefly 
 at Kuskaskia, Cahokia and the other villages in the .southern 
 part of the American Bottom. At the time of Clark's invasion, 
 there were not known to have been more than two Americans 
 among these people, except such hunters and trappers as paid 
 them occasional visits. One of the earliest American settlers in 
 Southern Illinois wr ; Cap;. Nathan Hull, who came from Massa- 
 chu.setts and settled at an early da}' on the Ohio, near where 
 Golconda now stands, afterward removing to the vicinity of Kas- 
 kaskia, wh^re he died in 1806. In 1781, a company of immi- 
 grants, consisting (with one or two exceptions) of members of 
 Clark's Command in 1778, arrived with their families from Mary- 
 land and ^''■irginia and established themselves on the American 
 Bottom. The ''Xew Design" settlement, on the boundary liue 
 between St. Clair and Monroe counties, and the first distinctively 
 American colony in the "Illinois Country," was established by this 
 party. Some of its members afterward became prominent in the 
 history of the Territory and the vState. William Biggs, a mem- 
 ber of the first Territorial Legislature, with others, settled iii or 
 near Kaskaskia about 1783, and \\'illiani Arundel, the first 
 American merchant at Cahokia, came there from Peoria during 
 tlie same year. Gen. John Edgar, for many years a leading citi- 
 zen and merchant at the capital, arrived at Kaskaskia in 1784, 
 and William Morrison, Kaskaskia's principal merchant, and an 
 uncle of the late Col. J. L. D. Morrison and of Hon. William R. 
 Morrison, came from Philadelphia as early as 1790. followed 
 
52 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — IIJ.IXOIS. 
 
 some years -afterward by several brothers. James Lemen came 
 before the beginning of the present centnr}-, and was the founder 
 of a hirge and influential famil}- in the vicinity of Shiloh, vSt. 
 Clair County, and Rev. David Bagley headed a colony of one 
 hundred and fifty-four from \'irginia, who arrived in 1797. 
 Among other prominent arrivals of this period were John Rice 
 Jones, Pierre Menard (First Lieutenant-Governor of tie Statei, 
 vShadrach Bond, Jr. (First Governor), John Hay, John Messen- 
 ger, William Kinn.e}-, Capt. Joseph Ogle; and of a later dalo, 
 Nathaniel Pope (afterward Secretary of the Territory, Delegate 
 to Congress, Justice of the United States Court and father of 
 the late Maj.-Gen. John Pope), Elias Kent Kane (first Sec- 
 retary of State and afterward United States Senator), Daniel P. 
 Cook (first Attorney-General and second Representative in Con- 
 gress), George Forqiier (at one time Secretary of State), and Dr. 
 George Fisher — all prominent iii Territorial or vState history. 
 
 The government of the new Territory was organized by the 
 aiipointment of Ninian Edwards — who had been Chief-Justice 
 of the Supreme Court of Kentucky — Governor; Nathaniel Pope, 
 Secretarv. and Alex. Stuart, Obadiah Jones and James R. 
 Thomas, Territorial Judges. Stuart having been transferred lo 
 Missouri, Stanley Griswold was appointed in his stead. Gov- 
 ernor Edwards arrived at Kaskaskia, the capital, in June, iSoq. 
 At that time the two counties of »St. Clair and Randolpli com- 
 prised the settled portion of the Territory, with a white popula- 
 tian estimated at about 9,000. The Governor and Judges im- 
 mediately proceeded to formulate a code of laws, and tlie appoint- 
 ments made b\ Secretary Pope, who had preceded the Governor 
 in his arrival in the Territoiy, were confirmed. Benjamii: J. 
 Boyk was the first Attorney-General, but he resigned in a few- 
 months when the place was offered to John J. Cri^^^pudcn, wlio 
 was United States Senator from Kentu ':',• al t. e .gin- 
 
 itt'-PCi'^n 
 
 \ ',S 
 
 ning of the late war, who declined. Thomas i". 
 then appointed. 
 
 An incident of tlie year i<Sn was the bactle of Tv. )&canot, 
 
ILLINOIS — THK TERRITORIAL I'KRIOD. 
 
 53 
 
 resulting in the defeat of Tecitnuseh the great Chief of the 
 Shawnees, by General Harrison. Four companies of mounted 
 nui^^crs were raised in Illinois this year under direction of Col. 
 \\ illiam Russell, of Kentucky, who built Camp Russell near 
 t^dwardsville the following j'ear. They were commanded by 
 Captains Samuel Whiteside, William B. Whiteside, James B. 
 Moore and Jacob Short. The memorable earthquake which had 
 its centre about New Madrid, Missouri, occurred in December of 
 this year, and was severely felt in some portions of Southern 
 Illinois. 
 
 During the following year the second war with England 
 broke out, but no serious outbreak occurred in Illinois until Au- 
 gust, 1812, when the massacre at Fort Dearborn, where Chicago 
 now stands, took place. This had long been a favorite trading 
 post of the Indians, at first under French occupation and after- 
 ward under the Americans. Sometime during 1803-4, a fort had 
 been built near the mouth of the Chicago on the south side, on 
 land acquired at the time of the treaty of Greenville in 1795. 
 It consisted of two block-houses with a parade-ground and sally- 
 port surrounded b}' a stockade. In the spring of 18 12 some 
 alarm had been caused by outrages committed by Indians in the 
 vicinity, and in the early part of August Capt. Nathan Heald, 
 commanding the garrison of less than seventy-five men, received 
 instructions from General Hull, in command at Detroit, to 
 evacuate the fort, disposing of the public property as he might 
 ..^e proper. Friendly Indians advised Heald either to make 
 preparations for a vigorous defense, or evacuate at once. Instead 
 of this, he notified the Indians of his intention to retire and 
 divide the stores among them, with the condition subsequently 
 agreed upon in council, that his garrison should be afforded an 
 escort and safe passage to Fort Wayne. On the fourteenth of 
 .\ugust he proceeded to distribute the bulk of the goods as 
 promised bit the ammunition, guns and liquors were destroyed. 
 This he justified on the ground that a bad use would be made of 
 them, whih' the Indians construed it as a violation of the agree- 
 
54 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILMXOKS. 
 
 
 '.til,, 
 
 
 nicnt. The tragedy wliicli followed, is thus described in Moses' 
 "History of Illinois:" 
 
 " Black Partridge, u Pottawatomie chief who had been on 
 terms of friendship with the whites, appeared before C:i})tain 
 Hcald and informed him plainly that his young men intended tn 
 imljrne their hands in the blood of the whites; that he was mi 
 longer able to restrain them, and, surrendering a medal he had 
 worn in token of amity, closed by saying: 'I will not wear a 
 token of peace while I am compelled to act as an enemy.' In 
 the meantime the Indians were rioting upon the provisions, and 
 becoming so agsTessive in their ix-aring that it was resolved to 
 march out the n?At day. The fatal fifteenth arrived. To each 
 soldier M as distributed twenty-five rounds of resen-ed annnnnition^ 
 The baggage and ambulance wagons ^vere laden, and the garrison 
 slowlv wended its way outside the protecting walls of the fort — 
 the Indian escort of 500 following in the rear. What ne.xt oc- 
 curred in this disastrous movement is narrated b}- Captain Heald 
 in his report, as follows: 'The situation of the country ren- 
 dered it necessar} for us to take the beach, with the lake on onr 
 left, and a high sand-bank on our right at about three hundred 
 yards distance. We had proceeded about a mile and a half, 
 when it was discovered [by Captain Wells] that the Indians 
 were prepared to attack us from behind the bank. I immedi- 
 ately marched up with the company to the top of the bank, when 
 the action commenced; after firing one round, we charged, and 
 the Indians gave way in front and joined those on our flanks. 
 In about fifteen minutes they got possession of all our horses, 
 provisions and baggage of every description, and finding tlic 
 Miamis [who had come from Fort Wayne witli Captain Wells to 
 act as an escort] did not assist us, I drew off the few men I had 
 left and took possession of a snuill elevation in the open prairie 
 out of shot of the bank, or any other cover. The Indians d\d 
 not follow me but assembled in a body on the top of the bank, 
 and after some consultation among them.selves, made signs for me 
 to approach them. I advanced towr.rd them alone, and was met 
 
oil 
 
 lid 
 
 )ur 
 
 lit". 
 
 lis 
 
 KMl 
 
 aiKl 
 
 1!C 
 
 10 
 
 ine 
 
 (iKl 
 
 ■ IIK' 
 
rm,% 1 1 wiiwii— Wia— ^— 
 
 bv :)nc' of 
 
 terpreter. 
 
 promising 
 
 nieiits coil! 
 
 comply wii 
 
 dencc in 1 
 
 but what c 
 
 numbers? 
 
 upon the fi 
 
 Twcnty-si> 
 
 twelve chil 
 
 Wells, Dr. 
 
 Wells, whe 
 
 ricd among 
 
 stratagems, 
 
 ter, and wl 
 
 Heald), by 
 
 est chance 
 
 God bless 3 
 
 thickest of 
 
 what his fat 
 
 with his toi 
 
 ate a portio: 
 
 "The J 
 
 wounded, L 
 
 fne non-con 
 
 and childrei 
 
 Kinzie's fan 
 
 ludians and 
 
 engaged in 1 
 
 few Chippe 
 
 Dearborn w 
 
 Thus e 
 
 tile soil of I 
 
 this aifair o( 
 
ILLINOIS — THK TKRRITORIAI, PERIOD. 
 
 55 
 
 bv ;>"<-■ of the Pottawatomie chiefs called Black Bird, with an in 
 terpreter. After shakinji^ hands, he requested me to surrender, 
 promising to spare the lives of all the prisoners. On a few mo- 
 ments consideration I concluded it would be most prudent to 
 comply with this request, although I did not put entire confi- 
 dence in his promise. The troops had made a brave defense, 
 l)ut what could so small a force do against such overwhelming 
 nmnbers? It was evident with over half their number dead 
 upon the field, or wounded, further resistance would be hoptless. 
 Twenty-six regtilars and twelve militia, with two women and 
 twche children, were killed. Among the slain were Captain 
 Wells, Dr. Van Voorhis and Ensign George Ronan. [Captain 
 Wells, wher young, had been captured by Indians and had mar- 
 ried among them.] He (Wells) was familiar with all the wiles, 
 stratagems, as well as the vindictiveness of the Indian charac- 
 ter, and when the conflict began, he .said to his niece (Mrs. 
 Heald), by who.se .side he was standing, 'We have not the slight- 
 est chance for life; we must part to meet no more in this world. 
 Ood bless you.' With these words he dashed forward into the 
 tliickest of the fight. He refused to be taken pri.soner, knowing 
 what his fate would be, when a 3'oung red-skin cut him down 
 with his tomahawk, jumped upon his bod}-, cut out his heart and 
 ate a portion of it with savage delight. 
 
 "The prisoners taken were Captain Heald and wife, both 
 wounded. Lieutenant Helm, also wounded, and wife, with twenty- 
 five non-commissioned officers and privates, and eleven women 
 and children. The loss of the Indians was fifteen killed. Mr. 
 Kinzie's family had been entrusted to the care of some friendly 
 Indians and were not with the retiring garrison. The Indians 
 engaged in this outrage were principal!}- Pottawatomies, with a 
 few Chippewas, Ottawas, Wiunebagoes and Kickapoos. Fort 
 Dearborn was plundered and burned on the next morning." 
 
 Thus ended the most bloody tragedy that ever occurred on 
 the soil of Illinois with Americans as victims. The place where 
 this affair occurred, as described by Captain Heald, was on the 
 
56 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 lake shore about at the foot of Fiighteeiith Street in the presint 
 city "f Chicago.'" 
 
 The part plaj'ed by Illinois in the War of 1.S12, consisted 
 chiefly in lookinjj^ after the large Indian population within and 
 near it.s borders. Two expeditions were undertaken to Peoria 
 Lake in the fall of 1S12; the first of these under the directiuu 
 of Governor Edwards, burned two Kickapoo villages, one of 
 them being that of "Black Partridge" who had befriended the 
 whites at Fort Dearborn. A few weeks later Capt. Thomas 
 E. Craig, at the head of a company of militia, made a descent 
 upon the ancient French village of Peoria, on the pretext that 
 the inhabitants had harbored hostile Indians and fired on his 
 boats. He burned a part of the town and taking the people as 
 prisoners down the river, put them ashore below Alton, in the 
 beginning of winter. Both these affiurs were .severely censured. 
 
 There were expeditions against the Indians on the Illinois 
 and Upper Mississippi in 1S13 and 1814. In the latter year, 
 Illinois troops took part with credit in two engagements at Rock 
 Island — the last of the.se being in co-operation with regulars, un- 
 der comnuind of Maj. Zachary Taylor, afterward President, 
 against a force of Indians supported by the British. Fort Clark 
 at Peoria was erected in 181 3, and Fort Edwards at Warsaw, op- 
 posite the mouth of the Des Moines, at the close of the cam- 
 paign of 1S14. A council with tlie Indians, conducted hv 
 Governors Edwards of Illinois and Clarke of Missouri, and 
 Auguste Chouteau, a merchant of St. Louis, as Government 
 Commissioners, on the Mississippi just below Alton, in July. 
 1 Si 5, concluded a treaty of peace with the principal Northwestern 
 tribes, thus ending the war. 
 
 Bv Act of Congress, adopted May 21, 181 2, the Territory of 
 Illinois was raised to the second grade — /. c. empowered to elect 
 
 *Afl.er the destruction of the fort the site of the present city of Chicago ;-i.iit;iiiiwl 
 unoccupied until 1816, when the fort w.is rebuilt. At lluit time the hones of the \ it liiiis 
 of the in.issacre of 1H12 still lay bkachiu).; u]v)n the sands near the lake shore, hul tiny 
 were j;athered uj) a few years later and buried. The new fort continued to be occupicil 
 somewhat irrej^ularly until 18,^7, when it was tiiudly abandoned, there being no li'iijjtT 
 any reason fur uuiiniaining it as a defense against the Indian.s 
 
ILLINOIS — THE TiiRRiTOKIAL PERIOIJ. 
 
 57 
 
 a Territorial Lcjj^islaturc. In September, three additional cDun- 
 tiis — Madison, Oallatin and Johnson — were orjjanized, making; 
 five in all, and in October an election for the choice of five nicni- 
 Inrs of the Council and seven Representatives was held, re- 
 sulting as follows: Councilnien — Pierre Menard, of Randolph 
 County; William Hiji^gs, of St. Clair; Samnel Judy, of Madison; 
 Thomas Ferguson, of Johnson, and Benjamin Talbot, of Galla- 
 tin : Representatives — George F'isher, of Randolph; Joshua 
 Oglcsby and Jacob Short, of St. Clair; William Jones, of Madi- 
 son; Phillip Trammel and Alexander Wilson, of Gallatin, and 
 John Grammar, of Johnson. The Legislature met at Kaskaskia, 
 November 25th, the Council organizing with Pierre Menard as 
 President and John Thomas, Secretary, and the House, with 
 George Fisher as Speaker and William C. Greenup, Clerk. 
 Sliadrach Bond was elected the first Delegate to Congress. 
 
 A second Legislature was elected in 1814, convening at Kas- 
 kaskia, November 14th. Menard was continued President of the 
 Council during the whole Territorial period; while George 
 Fisher was Speaker of each Hou.sc, except the .second. The 
 county of Edwards was organized in i<Si4 and White, in i«Si5. 
 Other counties organized under the Territorial Government 
 were Jackson, Monroe, Crawford and Pope in 1816; Bond in 
 
 1517, and Franklin, Union and \\'ashington in nSiS. making 
 fifteen in all. In 1816 the Bank of Illinois was established at 
 Shawneetown, with branches at FCdwardsville and Kaskaskia. 
 
 Besides the French villages in the American Bottom, there 
 is said to have been a French ind Indian village on the west 
 bank of Peoria Lake, as early as 171 1. This site appears to 
 h;'. ■ been abandoned about 1775 and a new village established 
 on tite present site of Peoria, soon after, which was maintained 
 in.til 1 81 2, when it was broken up by Captain Craig. Other 
 early towns were vShawneetown, laid out in 1808; Belleville, 
 established as the county-seat of St. Clair County, in 7814 ; Ed- 
 wardsville, founded in 1815; Upper Alton, in 1816, a.: 1 Alton in 
 
 1518. Carnii, Fairfield, Waterloo, Golconda, Law renceville, 
 

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 58 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 Mt. Cannel and Vienna also belong to this period; while Jack 
 sonville, Springfield and Galena were settled a few years latei 
 
 Chicago is mentioned in 
 village of Pike Connty." 
 
 Beck's Gazetteer" of 1823, as ''a 
 
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CHAPTER VII. 
 
 UNDER vSTATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 ILLINOIS ADMITTED INTO THE UNION — ADMINISTRATION OF 
 
 GOVERNOR BOND — REMOVAL OF THE CAPITAL TO VAN- 
 
 DALIA — GOVERNOR COLES — EMANCIPATION OF HIS 
 
 SLAVES — ATTEMPT TO INTRODUCE SLAVERY INTO 
 
 ILLINOIS — THE PROMINENT LEADERS. 
 
 p^^i^HE preliminary steps for the admission of Illinois 
 as a State, were taken in the passage of an 
 Enabling Act by Congress, April 13, 1S18. An 
 important incident in this connection was the 
 amendment of the act, making the parallel of 
 42° 30' from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi 
 River the northern bonndary, instead of a line 
 extending from the southern extremity of the 
 Lake. This was obtained through the influence of Hon. Nathan- 
 iel Pope, then Delegate from Illinois, and by it the State secured 
 a strip of countr}- fifty-one miles in width, from the Lake to the 
 Mississippi, embracing what have since become fourteen of the 
 most populous counties of the State, including the city of Chi- 
 ca,e[o. The political, material and moral results which have fol- 
 lowed this important act, have been the subject of much 
 interesting discussion and cannot be easily over-estimated. '•• 
 
 Ariother measure of great importance, which Mr. Pope se- 
 cured, was a modification of the provision of the enabling act 
 requiring the appropriation of five per cent, of the proceeds from 
 
 *This subject, .is well as the validity of this portion of the net, is treated at Iciij^th in 
 Moses' "History of Illinois," pp. 276-2'8i. 
 
 !lliiii)ifi. 59 
 
frmm^^mmF'. 
 
 fa* rii^WMihiitiinMlMt mmm 
 
 \\w 
 
 11 
 
 60 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 !l!i!iiii3 
 
 the sale of public lands within the State, to the construction of 
 roads and canals. ' The amendment which he secured authorizes 
 the application of two-fifths of this fund to the making of roads 
 leading to the State, but requires "the residue to be appropriated 
 by the Legislature of the State for the encouragement of learn- 
 ing, of which one-sixth part shall be exclusively bestowed on a 
 college or university." This was the beginning of that system 
 of liberal encouragement of education by the General Govern- 
 ment, which has been attended with such beneficent results in 
 the younger States, and has reflected so much honor upon the 
 Nation. 
 
 The enabling act required as a precedent condition that a 
 census of the Territory, to be taken that year, should show a 
 popiilation of 40,000. Such a result was shown, but it is now 
 confessed that the number was greatly exaggerated, the true 
 population as afterward given being 34,020. According to the 
 decennial census of 1820, the population of the State at that 
 time was 55,162. If there was any short-coming in this respect 
 in 1 81 8, the State has full}- compensated for it by its unexampled 
 growth in later years. 
 
 An election of delegates to a convention to frame a State 
 Constitution was held July 6-8, 181 8 (consuming three days), 
 thirty-three delegates being chosen from the fifteen counties of 
 the State. The convention met at Kaskaskia, August 3, and 
 organized by the election of Jesse B. Thomas, President, and 
 William C. Greenup, Secretarj^, closing its labors August 26tli. 
 The Constitution, which was modeled largely upon the Consti- 
 tutions of Kentucky, Ohio and Indiana, was not submitted to a 
 vote of the people. Objection was made to its acceptance bv 
 Congress on the ground that the population of the Territory 
 was insufficient and that the prohibition of slavery was not as 
 explicit as required by the Ordinance of 1787; but these argu- 
 ments were overcome and the document accepted by a vote of 11 7 
 yeas to 34 nays. The onh' officers whose election was provided 
 for by popular vote, were the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, 
 
ILUNOIS — UNDER STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 6l 
 
 .Sheriff, Coroner and County Commissioners. The Secretary of 
 State, State Treasurer, Auditor of Public Accounts, Public 
 Printer and Supreme and Circuit Judges were all appointive 
 eiti^er by the Governor or General Assembly. The elective fran- 
 chise was granted to all white male inhabitants, above the age of 
 21 years, who had resided in the State '^ix months. 
 
 Tlie first State election was held September 17, 1818, result- 
 ing in the choice of Shadrach Bond for Governor, and Pierre 
 Menard, Lieutenant-Governor. The Legislature chosen at the 
 same time, consisted of thirteen Senators and twenty-seven Rep- 
 resentatives. It commenced its session at Kaskaskia, October 5, 
 18:8, and adjourned after a session of ten days, awaiting the 
 formal admission oi the State, which took place December 3d. 
 A second session of the same Legislature was held, extending 
 from January 4th, to March 31, 18 19. Ri.sdon Moore was 
 Speaker of the first House. The other State officers elected at 
 the first session were EHas C. Berry, Auditor ; John Thomas, 
 Treasurer, and Daniel P. Cook, Attorney-General. EHas Kent 
 Kane, having been appointed Secretary of State by the Gov- 
 ernor, was confirmed by the Senate. Ex-Governor Edwards and 
 Jesse B. Thomas were elected United States Senators, the former 
 serving one year, when he was re-elected. Thomas served two 
 terms, retiring in 1829. The first Supreme Court consisted of 
 Joseph Phillips, Chief Justice, with Thomas C. Browne, William 
 P. Foster and John Reynolds, Associate Justices. Foster, who 
 was a mere adventurer without any legal knowledge, left the 
 vState in a few months and was succeeded b}^ William Wilson. 
 
 Alenard, who served as Lieutenant-Governor four years, was 
 a noteworthy man. A native of Canada and of French descent, 
 he came to Kaskaskia in 1790, at the age of twentj'-four years, 
 and engaged in mercantile pursuits. He was hospitable, frank, 
 liberal and enterprising. The following story related of him 
 illustrates a pleasant feature of his character. " At one time 
 there was a scarcity of salt in the country, and Menard held the 
 only supply outside of St. Louis. A number of his neighbors 
 
62 
 
 THK WHITK CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 I ■ f. 
 
 
 called iiijon him for what the}' wanted ; he declined to let thciii 
 knew whether he conld snpply them or not. bnt told them tn 
 come to his store on a certain day when he would inrorm thcni. 
 They came at the time appointed, and were seated : Menard 
 passed aronnd amonjj^ them and inquired of each, 'You yot 
 money? ' Some said they had and some that they had not, hut 
 would i)ay as soon as they killed their hogs. Those who had 
 money he directed to range themselves on one side of the room 
 and those who had none, on the other. Of course, those wlui 
 had the means expected to get tlu? salt and the others looked 
 very much distres.sed and crestfallen. Menard then spoke up in 
 his brusque way, and said, 'You men who got de money, can go 
 to St. Louis for your salt. Dese poor men who got no money 
 shall have my salt, by gar.' Such was the man — noble-hearted 
 and large minded, if unpolished and uncouth.'' 
 
 Daniel P. Cook, the first Attorney-General, was a native of 
 Kentucky and a nephew of Nathaniel Pope, who was the last 
 Territorial Delegate in Congress from Illinois and the first Judge 
 of the I"^nited States District-Circuit for Illinois, which office he 
 held lip to his death in 1S50. In tSi6, Cook was practicing law 
 at Kaskaskia, while manager and part owner of the flli)u)is In- 
 tclliiyoicrr, the first paper publi.shed in the Territory. The same 
 year he was appointed Auditor '-A Public Accounts, and in iSiS 
 a Circuit Judge, followed by the appointment of Attorne3'-Gen- 
 eral on the organization of the State Government. He was ;i 
 candidate for Representative in Congress 'at the first State elec- 
 tion, but was defeated b}' John McLean, of Shawueetown. At 
 the next election he was more successful, defeating McLean bva 
 majority of 633 in a total vote of 3,751. He continued to serve 
 Illinois as its sole Representative until 1S27, when he was de- 
 feated by Joseph Duncan, afterward Governor. He died in Ken- 
 tucky in October of the same j^ear, aged 33 years. He was a 
 3'oung man of rare ability, an opponent of slavery, and the 
 State is chiefly indebted to him for securing from the Govern- 
 ment the first grant for the construction of the Illinois and 
 
'««*WI»., 
 
II.MNOIS — rNDHK STATl-; CoVlvKN'MKNT. 
 
 63 
 
 MidiiKi^ii Canal. His services were recognized by naming Cook 
 County in his honor. 
 
 At the second session of tin. (General Assembly, five Com- 
 missioners were appointed to select a new site for the State Capi- 
 tal. What is now the city of \'andalia was selected, and in De- 
 cenilHr, 1820, the entire archives of the State were removed to 
 the new capital, being transported in one small wagon, at a cost 
 of 525.00, under the supervision of the late Sidney Bree.se, who 
 afterward became United States Senator and Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court. 
 
 Duriiig the session of the Second General As.sembly, which 
 met at Vandalia, December 4, 1820, a bill was pas.scd establishing 
 a State Bank at \'andalia, with branches at Shawneetown, Kd- 
 wardsville and Brownsville. John McLean, who had been the 
 first Representative in Congress, was Speaker of the House at 
 this session. He was twice elected to the United States Senate, 
 though he served only about two years, dying in 1830. 
 
 The second State election, which occurred in August, 1822, 
 proved the beginning of a turbulent period through the intro- 
 duction of some exciting questions into State politics. There 
 were four candidates for gubernatorial honors in the field: Chief- 
 Justice Phillips, of the Supreme Court, supported by the friends 
 of Governor Bond; As.sociate-Justice Browne, of the same court, 
 supported by the friends of Governor Edwards; Gen. James B. 
 Moore, a noted Indian fighter and the candidate of the "Old 
 Rangers," and Edward Coles. The latter was a native of Vir- 
 ginia, who had served as private secretary of President Monroe, 
 and had been employed as a special messenger to Russia. He 
 had made two visits to Illinois, the first in 18 15 and the second 
 in 1818. The Convention to form a State Constitution being 
 in session at the date of the latter visit, he took a deep interest 
 in the discussion of the slavery question and exerted his influ- 
 ence in securing the adoption of the prohibitory article in the 
 organic law. On April i, 1819, he started from his home in Vir- 
 ginia to remove to Edwardsville, Illinois, taking with him his 
 
THK WHITK tITV —ILLINOIS. 
 
 !? 
 
 
 ten slaves. The journey (rnm Brownsville, Pennsylvania, was 
 made in two ilat-boats to a point below Louisville, where he (lis- 
 embarkea, traveling by land to Rdwardsville. While de.scendiiij^r 
 the Ohio River he surprised his slaves by announcing that tl'c'v 
 were free. The scene as described by himself was most dramatic. 
 Having declined to avail themselves of the privilege of leaving 
 him, he took them with him to his destination, where he event- 
 ually gave each head of a family one hundred and sixty acres of 
 land. Arrived at Edwardsville, he assumed the position of Reg- 
 ister of the Land Office, to which he had been appointed by 
 President Monroe, before leaving \'irginia. 
 
 The act of Coles with reference to his slaves established his 
 reputation as an opponent of slavery, and it was in this attitude 
 that he stood as a candidate for Governor — both Phillips and 
 Browne being friendly to "the institution," which had had a vir- 
 tual existence in the " Illinois Country " from the time Renault 
 brought 500 slaves to the vicinity of Kaskaskia, one hundred 
 years before ; and, although the Constitution declared that 
 " neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall hereafter be in- 
 troduced into the State," this had not been effectual in eliminat- 
 ing it. In fact, while this language was construed, so long as it 
 remained in the Constitution, as prohibiting legislation author- 
 izing the admission of slaves from outside, it was not regarded 
 as inimical to the institution as it already existed; and, as the 
 population came largely from the slave States, there had been a 
 rapidly growing sentiment in favor of removing the inhibitory 
 clause. Although the pro-slavery party was divided between 
 two candidates for Governor, it had hardly contemplated the 
 possibility of defeat, and it was consequently a surprise when the 
 returns showed that Coles was elected, receiving 2,854 votes to 
 2,687 for Phillips, 2,443 ^"^^ Browne and 622 for Moore — Coles' 
 plurality being 167 in a total of 8,606. Coles thus became Gov- 
 ernor on less than one-third of the popular vote. Daniel P 
 Cook, who had made the race for Congress at the same election 
 against McLean, as an avowed opponent of slavery, was success- 
 ful by a majority of 876. 
 
ILLINOIS — rXDKR STATH C.OVKRNMHNT. 
 
 65 
 
 The real struggle was now to occur in the Lejjjishiturc, 
 which met December 2, 1S22. The House organized with Will- 
 iam M. Alexander as Speaker, while the Senate elected Thomas 
 Lippincotl (afterward a promitient Presbyterian minister and fa- 
 ther of the late Gen. Cliarles K. Lippincott), Secretary and 
 Henry Dodge (afterward Governor of Wisconsin Territory and 
 father of the late Augustus C Dodge, for some time United 
 States Senator from Iowa), Enrolling and Engrossing Clerk. 
 Tile other State officers aj^pointed by the Governor, or elected by 
 the Legislature, were Samuel D. Lockwood, Secretary o^ State; 
 lilisha C; Perry, Auditor; Abm ' Field, Treasurer; and James 
 Turney, Attorney-General. Lockwood had served nearly two 
 years previously as Attorney-General, but remained in the office 
 of Secretary of State only three months, when he resigned to 
 accept the position of Receiver for the Land Office.''' 
 
 The slavery question came up in the Legislature on the 
 reference to a special committee of a portion of the Governor's 
 message, calling attention to the continued existence of slavery 
 in spite of the ordinance of 1787, and recommending that steps 
 be taken for its extinction. ALajority and minority repo^-ts were 
 submitted, the former claiming the right of the State to amend its 
 C.)nstitution and thereby make such disposition of the slaves as 
 it saw proper. Out of this grew a resolution submitting to the 
 
 *T,(Kkwoo(l was .1 native of New York .and c.iine from A ilnirn in that .State to Illi- 
 nnis in company willi the hile Willian; H. lirown, of Chicago, in iSiS. After servinj; as 
 Receiver of I'nblic Moneys at I'/UvardsviHe, he was, in 1S2.), elected by tlic Lej^islature a 
 Justice of the .Supreme Court, servinjf until the adoption of the second Constitution, in 
 1S4S. Previous to this he was entrusted, by the lirsl Hoard of Canal Commissioners, with 
 the duty of securinj^; an engineer to make the first survey of the Illinois and MicJiijran 
 Canal. As a Justice of the .Supreme Court, he w.as ap])ointed, in conjunction with Justice 
 Tliiophihis \V. Smith, to prep;.n' the first revision of the .Siate laws, thouj,'h the jfreater 
 part of the work fell upon Lockwood. lie w.-is a man of sinj^ular purity of character and 
 enjoyed in the highest degree the respect of all parties. In 1S2S he he'came a citi/en of 
 J.icks(,iiville, where he proved an efficient friend and patron of Illinois College at that 
 .place. He was .also a niemher of the Constitutional Convention of I.S47, and though not 
 a nieniber of any church, is credited with fonnulating the provision of the Con.stitution 
 then adopted recognizing a .Sujireme Heing. He remo\cd from Jack.sonville to Hatavia, 
 Kane County, in iS53, serving as .State Trn.stee of Illinois Central Railroad lands nntil 
 his death, i;i 1874, fit the age of .S5 years. The following incident of his life while pro.s- 
 ecuting aitorney is taken from I'ord's History of Illinois : "In 1820, w.is fought the 
 first aiul last duel in Illinois. One of the ])artics fell mortally wounded ; the other was 
 Hed and convicted of murder, and suffered the extreme penalty of the law by 'langing. 
 Mr. Lockwood was then the .ittorney of the .State and prosecuted in the c.a.s'e. To his 
 talents and success as a prosecutor, the peoi)le are indebted for tliis early precedent and 
 exaniiile, which did more than is generally known to prevent the barbarous practice of 
 dueling from being introduced into the State." 
 
66 
 
 THK WHITK CITY 
 
 lIJJN'tHS. 
 
 electors at the next election a proposition for a convention to re- 
 vise the Constitution. This passed the Senate by the necessary 
 two-thirds vote, and having come up in the House (February ii, 
 1823) ^t fiiiled by a single vote — Nicholaii Hansen, a Representa- 
 tive from Pike County, whose seat had been unsuccessfully con- 
 tested by John Shaw, being one of those voting in the negative. 
 The next day, without further investigation, the majority pro- 
 ceeded to reconsider its actioJi in seating Hansen, and Shaw was 
 seated in his place, though in order to do this some crooked 
 work was necessary to evade the rules. Shaw being seated, the 
 submission resolution was then passed. No more exciting cam- 
 paign was ever had in Illinois. Of five papers then published 
 in the State, the Edwardsville Spectator edited by Hooper War- 
 ren, opposed the measure, being finally reinforced by the Illinois 
 Ifitrll((rrncfr, which had been removed to Vandalia; the Illinois 
 Gazette, at Shawneetown, published articles on both sides of the 
 question, thoiigh rather favoring the anti-slavery cause, while 
 the Republican Advocate, at Kaskaskia, the organ of Senator 
 E. K. Kane, and the Republican at Edwardsville, under direction 
 of Judge Theophilus \V. Smith, Emanuel J. West and Judge 
 Samuel McRoberts (afterward United »States Senator), favored 
 the Convention. Among other supporters of the Convention 
 proposition were Senator Jesse B. Thomas, John McLean, Rich- 
 ard M. Young, Jivdges Phillips, Browne and Reynolds of the 
 Supreme Court, and many more; while among the leading cham- 
 pions of the opposition, were Judge Lockwood, George Forquer 
 (afterward Secretary of State), Morris Birk beck, George Chuichill, 
 Thomas Mather and Rev. Thomas Lippincott. Daniel P. Cook, 
 then Representative in Congress, was the leading champion of 
 freedom on the stump, while Governoi" Coles ontributed the sal- 
 ary of his entire term ($4,000), as well as his influence, to the 
 support of the cause. Governor Edwards (then in the Senate) 
 was the owner of slaves and occupied a non-committal position. 
 The election was held August 2, 1824, resulting in 4,97 ;4 votes for 
 a Convention, to 6,640 against it, defeating the proposition by a 
 
ILLINOIS — UNDER STATE GOVERNMENT. 
 
 67 
 
 majority of 1,668. Considering the size of the aggregate vote 
 ( I i,b 1 2), the result was a decisive one. By it Illinois escaped 
 the .i,M-eateGt danger it ever encountered previous to the war of the 
 Rebellion.'"' 
 
 At the same election Cook was re-elected to Congress h}'^ 
 3,016 majority over Shadrach Bond. The vote for President wis 
 divided between John Quincy Adams, Andrew^ Jaclcson, Hcnr}' 
 Clay and William H. Crawford — Adams receiving a plurality, 
 but much below a majorit}-. The Electoral College failing to 
 elect a President, the decision of the question passed into the 
 hands of the Congressional House of Representatives, when 
 Adams wa^ elected, receiving the vote of Illinois through its 
 only Representative, Mr. Cook. 
 
 During the remainder of hi ... rm, Governor Coles was 
 made the victim o^ much vexatious litigation at the hands of his 
 enemies, a verdict being rendered against him in the sum of 
 :ss2,ooo for bringing his emancipated negroes into the State, in vio- 
 lation of the law of 1819. The Legislature having passed an 
 act releasing him from the penalty, it was declared unconstitu- 
 tional by a malicious Circuit Judge, though hi.- decision was 
 promptly reversed by the Supreme Court. Having lived a few 
 years on his farm near Edwardsville, in 1832 he removed to 
 Philadelphia, where he spent the remainder of his days^ his 
 death occurring there Juh' 7, 1S68. In the face of opp'-obrium 
 and defamation, and sometimes in danger of mob violence, Gov- 
 ernor Coles performed a service to the State which has scarce!}' 
 yet been fully recognized. 
 
 A ridiculous incident of the closing year of Coles' ad- 
 niini.stration \va> the attempt of Lieut. -Gov. Frederick Adol- 
 phus Hubbard, after having tasted the sweets of executive 
 power during the Governor's temporary' absence' from the vState, 
 to retain his po: 'tion after the Governor's return. The ;im- 
 
 *The number of slaves in Illinois, according to the rcnsiis of iSio, was 168; ten 
 wars Iritir tliev had increased to 917 ; then llie niitnher he^an tr) diminish, heinn redueed 
 in i.S;,() U) 747, "and in 1.S41) (the last oensns which shows any portion of the ])o])ulation 
 held to bondaj?el it was 331. 
 
mmmmi 
 
 tmssmammmmm 
 
 68 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 bitious aspirations of the woiild-be usurper were suppressed by 
 the Supreme Court. 
 
 An interesting incident of the yepr 1825, ^^'^s the visit of 
 General Lafaj'ette to Kaskaskia. He was welcomed in an ad- 
 dress by Governor Coles, and the event was made the occasion of 
 much festivity b}- the French citizens of the ancient capital. 
 
 The first State House at Vandalia having been destroyed by 
 fire December 9, 1823, a new one was erected during the follow- 
 ing year at a cost of $12,381.50, toward which the people of 
 Vandalia contributed $5,000. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
'r<^ 
 
iiwiiiiwii 
 
 amm 
 
 \ 
 
 i 
 
 ■■ u 
 
CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 FROAI EDWARDS TO FRENCH. 
 
 THI, ADMINISTRATIONS OF GOVERNORS EDWARDS, REYNOLDS, 
 
 DUNCAN, CARLIN, FORD AND FRENCH — PERSONAL AND 
 
 CHARACTER SKETCHES — THE BLACK-HAWK, MORMON 
 
 AND MEXICAN WARS — INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT 
 
 CRAZE — THE LOVEJOY MURDER — APPEARANCE 
 
 OF NEW MEN IN STATE AFFAIRS. 
 
 Fr%HE State election of 1826 resulted in again call- 
 ing Ninian Edwards to the gubernatorial chair, 
 which he had ^lled during nearly the whole of 
 the existence of Illinois as a Territory. Elected 
 one of the first United States Senators, and re- 
 elected for a second term in 1S19, he had resigned 
 this office in 1824 to accept the position of Minis- 
 ter to Mexico, by appointment of President Mon- 
 roe. Having become involved in a controvers}- with \\'illiam H. 
 Crawford, Secretary of the Treasury', he resigned the Mexican 
 mission, and after a period of retirement to private life for the 
 first time after he came to Illinois, he appealed to the people of 
 the State for endorsement, with the result stated. 
 
 His administration was uneventful except for the "Winne- 
 bajjo War," which caused considerable commotion on the frontier, 
 without resulting in much bloodshed. Governor Edwards was a 
 fine specimen of the "old school gentleman" of that period — 
 diiriiified and polished in his manners, courtly and precise in his 
 address, proud and ambitious, with a tendency to the despotic in 
 
 niiniiis. 
 
 00 
 
......:.»||M""PPff 
 
 mm 
 
 70 
 
 THE WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 his bearing in consequence of having been reared in a slave 
 State and his long connection with the executive office. Mis 
 early education had been under the direction of the celebrated 
 William Wirt, between whom and him.self a close friendship ex- 
 isted. He was wealthy for the time, being an extensive land- 
 owner as well as slave-holder and the proprietor of stores and 
 mills, which were managed by agents, but he lost heavily by had 
 debts. He was for many years a close friend of Hooper Warren, 
 the pioneer printer, furnishing the material with which the latter 
 published his papers at Springfield and Galena. At the expira- 
 tion of his term of office near the close of 1S30, he retired to his 
 home at Belleville, where, after making an unsuccessful cam- 
 paign for Congress in 1832, in which he was defeated by Charles 
 Slade, he died of cholera, July 20, 1833. 
 
 William Kinney, of Belleville, who was a candidate for 
 Lieutenant-Governor on the ticket opposed to Edwards, was 
 elected over Samuel M. Thompson. In 1830, Kinney became a 
 candidate for Governor but was defeated by John Reynolds, known 
 as the "old Ranger." One of the arguments used against 
 Kinney in this campaign was, that in the Legislature of 1823 -^^ 
 was one of three members who voted against the Illinois and 
 Michigan Canal, on the ground that "it (the canal) would make 
 an opening for the Yankees to come to the country." 
 
 During Edwards' administration the first steps were talieu 
 towards the erection of a State penitentiary at Alton, funds 
 therefor being secured b\' the sale of a portion of the Saline lands 
 in Gallatin County. The first Commissioners having charge of 
 its construction were Shadrach Bond, William P. McKee and Dr. 
 Gershom Jayne. The last named was father of Dr. William 
 Ja3aie, of Springfield, and father-in-law of ex-Senator Lyniau 
 Trumbull. 
 
 The election of 1830 resulted in the choice of John Rey- 
 nolds for Governor over William Kinney, by a majority of 3,^99, 
 in a total vote of 49,051, while Zadoc Casey, the candidate on 
 the Kinney ticket, was elected Lieutenant-Governor. Reynolds 
 
ILLINOIS — FROM EDWARDS TO FRENCH. 
 
 71 
 
 was a native of Pennsylvania; he was bom in 1788, and came 
 to Illinois in 1800. After he had reached his majority he spent 
 two years at a college at Knoxville, Tennessee ; served in a com- 
 pany of rangers during the war of 18 12, and about 1814 began 
 the practice of law at Cahokia, offering his services gratuitously 
 to the "poor people of Illinois and Missouri Territories." His 
 identification Avith the early settlers and the "old rangers" gave 
 him considerable personal popularity, which was aided by great 
 natural shrewdness and not injuriously affected by certain 
 crudities of speech and eccentricities of habit, in spite of the 
 rudiments of a classical education. He has furnished valuable 
 material for the future historian in his " Pioneer History of Illi- 
 nois," and "Life and Times." 
 
 The most important event of Reynolds' administration was 
 the " Black-Hawk War." Eight thousand militia were called 
 out during this war to reinforce fifteen hundred regular troops, 
 the final result being the driving of four hundred Indians west 
 of the Alissisbippi. Rock Island, which had been the favorite 
 rallying point of the Indians for generations, was the central 
 point at the beginning of this war. It is impossible to give the 
 details of this complicated struggle which was protracted through 
 two campaigns (1831 and 1832), thoitgh there was no fighting 
 worth speaking of except in the last, and no serious loss to the 
 whites in that, except the surprise and defeat of Stillman's com- 
 mand. Beardstown was the base of operations in each of these 
 campaigns, and that city has probably never witnessed such 
 scenes of bustle and excitement since. The Indian village at 
 Rock Island was destroyed, and the fugitives, after being pursued 
 through northern Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin, without 
 being allowed to surrender, were driven bej-ond the Mississippi 
 in a famishing coiiditioii and with spirits completely broken. 
 Galena, at that time the emporium of the " Lead Mine Region," 
 and the largest town in the State north of Springfield, was the 
 center of great excitement, as the war was waged in the region 
 surrounding it. .v .■,,.,-.■..';• .■■.•■■ 
 
72 
 
 THK WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 MM 
 
 ,:l 
 
 I --a::-, 
 
 t ' '^■■'' 
 
 Although cool judges have uot regarded this campaign as 
 reflecting honor upon either the prowess or the magnanimity of 
 the whites, it has been remarkable for the number of those con- 
 nected with it whose names afterward became famous in tin.- 
 history of the State and the Nation. Among them were two w lio 
 afterward became Presidents of the United States — Col. 
 Zachary Taylor of the regular army, and Abraham Lincoln, a 
 Captain in the State militia — besides Jefferson Davis, then a 
 Lieutenant in the regular army and afterward head of the South- 
 ern Confedei-acy ; three subsequent Governors — Duncan, Carliu 
 and Ford — besides Governor Reynolds who at that time occupied 
 the gubernatorial chair ; James Semple, afterward United States 
 Senator; John T. vStuart, Lincoln's tutor and partner, and later 
 a member of Congress, to say nothing of many others, who in 
 after years occupied prominent positions as members of the 
 Legislature or otherwise. Among the latter were Gen. John J. 
 Hardin; the late Joseph Gillespie, of Edwardsville ; Col. John 
 Dement; William Tnomas, of Jacksonville; Lieut. -Col. Jacob 
 Fry ; Henry S. Dodge, afterward Governor of the Territory 
 of Wisconsin, and others. 
 
 Near the close of his term of office, Rej'uolds resigned to 
 accept a nomination for Congress, to which he was elected in 
 1834, and again in 1838 and 1840. Lieutenant-Governor Casey 
 having followed his example for a similar reason, the office of 
 Governor for the remainder of the term devolved on W. L. D. 
 Ewing, who had been President of the Senate and acting Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor. Ewing probabl}' held a greater variety of 
 offices under the State, than any other man who ever lived in it. 
 Repeatedly elected to each branch of the General Assembly, he 
 more than once filled the chair of Speaker of the House and 
 President of the Senate ; served as Acting Lieutenant-Governor 
 and Governor by virtue of the resignation of his superiors ; w as 
 United States Senator from 1835 to 1837; still later became Clerk 
 of the House where he had presided as Speaker, finally in 1S43 
 being elected Auditor of Public Accounts, and dj-ing in office 
 
mam 
 
 i 
 I 
 
 I three ye; 
 
 i ten (litTfet 
 
 he is pro 
 
 man win 
 
 liistory. 
 
 Jusc] 
 
 sentative 
 
 1S34, ove 
 
 Lauglilin 
 
 Paris, Ke 
 
 Duncan, ] 
 
 V in the Wi 
 
 standing J 
 
 brother, C 
 
 ceded liini 
 
 the first 1 
 
 conimissio 
 
 ing year a 
 
 3'cars later 
 
 later becar 
 
 date for G 
 
 cal defeat. 
 
 honored oil 
 
 Jacksonvill 
 
 house. H( 
 
 S. D. Lock 
 
 ing Illinoii 
 
 ll serving as ; 
 
 January 15 
 
 Goven 
 
 the large n 
 
 He life at t: 
 
 connection ^ 
 
 coin and Si 
 
 and at diffe 
 
ILLINOIS — FROM HOWARDS TO FRKNCH. 
 
 1^ 
 
 three yc;irs Inter. In less than twenty years, he held eight or 
 ten different offices, inclnding the highest in the State, and yet 
 he is probably as little known to the present generation as any 
 man who has ever been promiueutly identified with State 
 history. 
 
 Jo.scph Dnncan, who had served the State as its onlj- Repre- 
 sentative in three Congresses, was elected Governor, Angnst 
 1834, over fonr competitors — William Kinney, Robert K. Mc- 
 Laughlin, Jame.'i Evans and W. B. Archer, He was born at 
 Paris, Kentncky, February 2 ?, 1794, his father, Maj. Joseph 
 Duncan, having emigrated from Virginia in 1790. He took part 
 in the War of 181 2, being promoted to a lieutenancy, notwith- 
 standing his youth. In 1818 he came to Illinois, whither his 
 brother, Capt. Matthew Duncan, of the regular army, had pre- 
 ceded him four years earlier and had established at Kaskaskia 
 the first newspaper published in the State. In 1823 he was 
 commissioned Major-General of the State militia, and the follow- 
 ing year was elected to the State Senate, entering Congress two 
 years later. He began his political career as a Democrat, but 
 later became a Whig, and in 1S42 ser\ed that party as its candi- 
 date for Governor, meeting at that election with his first politi- 
 cal defeat. He was liberal, public-spirited and one of the most 
 honored citizens Illinois ever had. From 1828 his home was at 
 Jacksonville, where, a few years later, he built the first frame 
 house. He was one of the most efficient co-workers with Jtidge 
 S. D. Lockwood, President J. M. Sturtevant and others in foxind- 
 ing Illinois College, making to it a donation of $10,000, and 
 serving as a trustee of the college until his death, which occurred 
 January 15, 1844. 
 
 Governor Duncan's administration was made memorable by 
 tlie large number of distinguished men who either entered pub- 
 lic life at this period or gained additional prominence b}' their 
 connection with public affiiirs. Among these were Abraham Lin- 
 coln and Stephen A. Douglas ; Col. E. D. Baker, who aftenvard 
 and at different times represented Illinois and Oregon in the 
 
74 
 
 THK WHITH CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 II' 
 
 III' 
 
 councils of the Nation, and who fell at Ball's Plnff in 1S62; 
 O. H. Browning, a prospective Ignited States Senator and future 
 Cabinet officer; the late Lieutenant-Governor, John Dougherty; 
 Gen. James Shields, Col. John J. Hardin, Archibald Wil- 
 liams, Cyrus and Ninian W. Edwards, Or. John Logan, father 
 of Gen. John A. Logan, vSte])hcn T. Logan, and many more. 
 
 During this administration was begun that gigantic schtnie 
 of "internal improvements," which proved 30 disastrous to the 
 financial interests of the State. The estimated cost of these 
 various works undertaken, was over $ii,ocx),oc)0, and though lit- 
 tle of substantial value was realized, yet, in 1852 the debt 
 (principal and interest), thereby incurred (including that of tlie 
 canal), aggregated nearly $17,000,000. The collapse of the 
 scheme was, no doubt, hastened by the unexpected suspension of 
 specie payments by the banks all over the country, which fol- 
 lowed soon after its adoption. 
 
 At the session of the General Assembly of 1836-7, an act 
 was passed removing the State capital to Springfield, and an a]> 
 propriation of $50,000 was made to erect a building; to this 
 amount the city of Springfield added a like sum, beside donatiiii^ 
 a site. In .securing the passage of the.se acts, the famous "Lonj; 
 Nine," consisting of A. G. Hcrndon and Job Fletcher, in the 
 Senate, and Abraham Lincoln, Ninian \V. Edwards, John Daw- 
 son, Andrew McCormick, Dan vStone, William F. Elkin and Rob- 
 ert L. Wilson, in the House — all Representatives from Sanga- 
 mon County — played a leading part. 
 
 An event occurred near the close of Governor Duncan's 
 term, which left a stain upcn the locality, but for which his ad- 
 ministration had no responsibility; to-wit, the murder of Rev. 
 Elijah P. Lovejoy, by a pro-slavery mob at Alton. Lovejoy was 
 a, native of Maine, who, coming to St. Louis in 1827, ^^^^ ''^^" 
 employed upon various papers, the last being the S/. Louis Oh- 
 server. The outspoken hostility of this paper to slavery arou.sed 
 a bitter local opposition which led to its removal to Alton, w here 
 the first number of the Alton Observer was issued, September 8, 
 
ILLINOIS — FROM EDWARDS TO TRKNCII. 
 
 1836, tlioiigli not until one press and a considerable portion of 
 the material had been destroyed by a mob. On the night of 
 August 21, 1837, there was a second destruction of the material, 
 wlicu a third press having been procured it was taken from the 
 warehouse and thrown into the Mississippi. A fourth press was 
 ordered, and, pending its arrival, Lovejoy appeared before a pub- 
 lic meeting of his opixinents and, in an impassioned address, 
 maintained his right to freedom of speech, declaring in conclu- 
 sicu : " If the civil authorities refuse to protect me, I must look 
 to God ; and if I die, I have determined to make my grave in 
 Alton." These words proved prophetic. The new press was 
 .stored in the warehouse of Godfrey, Gillman & Co., on tue 
 night of November 6, 1837. A guard of sixty volunteers re- 
 mained about the building the next day, but when night came 
 all but nineteen retired to their homes. During the night a mob 
 attacked the building, when a shot from the inside killed Lyman 
 Bishop. An attempt was then made by the rioters to fire the 
 wareliouse by sending a man to the roof. To dislodge the incen- 
 diary Lovejoy, with two others, emerged from the building when 
 two or three men in concealment fired upon him, the shots tak- 
 ing effect in a vital part of his body, causing his death, almost 
 instantly. He was buried the following day without an inquest. 
 Several of the attacking party and the defenders of the building 
 were tried for riot and acquitted — the former probably on account 
 of popular sympathy with the crime, and the latter because they 
 were guiltless of any crime except that of defending private 
 property and attempting to preserve the law. The act of firing 
 the fatal shots has been charged upon two men — a Dr. Jennings 
 and his comrade. Dr. Beall. The former, it is said, was after- 
 ward cut to pieces in a bar-room fight in Vicksburg, Mississippi, 
 while the latter, having been captured by Comanche Indians 
 iu Texas, was burned alive. On the other hand, Lo-^'ejoy has 
 been honored as a martyr and the sentiments for which he died 
 have triumphed. 
 
 Duncan was succeeded bj' Gov. Thomas Carlin, who was 
 
76 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 ;j 
 
 I; 
 
 
 
 
 chosen at the election of 1838 over Cyrns Edwards (a younger 
 brother of Gov. Ninian Edwards), the Whig candidate. The 
 successful candidate for Lieutenant-Governor was Stnison K. 
 Anderson, of Jefferson County. Carlin was a native of Ken- 
 tucky, where he was born July 18, 1789; he came to Illinois in 
 181 2, and served as a soldier through the war of that period. In 
 1818 he settled upon the site of the present city of Carrollton, the 
 county-seat of Green Coiintj/. Later he commanded a company in 
 the Black-Hawk war, served as sheriff of his county, and, at the 
 time of his nomination, was Register of the land-office at Quincy. 
 His life had been that of a backwoodsman, and he was not edu- 
 cated in the learning of the s<:hools, but he bore the reputation 
 of a man of sterling integrity and of indomitable courage. 
 
 Among the members of the Legislature chosen at this time 
 we find the names of O. H. Browning, Robert Blackwell, Geor_f(c 
 Churchill, William G. Gate wood, Ebenezer Peck (of Cook 
 County), William A. Richardson, Newton Cloud, Jesse F. Du- 
 bois, O. B. Ficklin, Vital Jarrot, John Logan, William F. Thorn- 
 ton and Archibald Williams — all men of prominence in the 
 subsequent history of the State. This was the last Legislature 
 that assembled at Vandalia, Springfield becoming the capital, 
 July 4, 1839-* 
 
 An incident of this campaign was the election to Congress, 
 after a bitter struggle, of John T. Stuart over Stephen A. Doug- 
 las from the Third District, by a majority of fourteen votes. 
 Stuart was re-elected in 1840, but in 1842 he was succeeded, un- 
 der a new apportionment, by Col. John J. Hardin, while Douglas, 
 elected from the Quincy District, then entered the National 
 Council for the first time. 
 
 An exciting event during Carlin's administration was the 
 attempt to remove Alexander P. Field from the oflice of Secre- 
 tary of State, which he had held since 1828. Under the Con. ti- 
 
 *The corner stone of the first State capitol at Sprinyfiekl wa.s laid with impcsing iti- 
 enionies, July 4, 1837, Col. K. I). Baker delivering an eloquent address. Its estimated 
 cost was ^^130,000, but 1240,000 was expended upon it before its completion. 
 

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ILLINOIS — FROM EDWARDS TO FRENCH. 
 
 77 
 
 tutiou of 1818, this office was filled by nomination by the 
 Govenior " with the advice and consent of the Senate." Carlin 
 nominated John A. McClernand to supersede Field, but the 
 Seinte refused to confirm the nomination. After adjournment 
 of the Legislature, McClernand attempted to obtain possession 
 of the office by writ of quo luarranto. The judge of a circuit 
 court decided the case in his favor, but this decision was over- 
 ruled by the supreme court. A special session having been 
 called, in November, 1840, Stephen A. Douglas, then of Morgan 
 County, was nominated and confirmed Secretary of State, but 
 held the position only a few months, when he resigned to accept 
 a place on the supreme bench, being succeeded as Secretary by 
 Lyman Trumbull. 
 
 Certain decisions of some of the lower courts about this 
 time, bearing upon the suffrage of aliens, excited the apprehen- 
 sion of the Democrats, who had heretofore been in political con- 
 trol of the State, and a movement was started in the Legislature 
 to reorganize the Supreme Court, a majority of whom were 
 Whigs. The Democrats w^re not unanimous in favor of the 
 measure, but after a bitter struggle it was adopted, receiving a 
 bare majority of one in the House. Under this act five addi- 
 tional judges were elected, viz : Thomas Ford, Sidney Breese, 
 WaUer B. Scates, Samuel H. Treat and Stephen A. Douglas — 
 all Democrats. Mr. Ford, one of the new Judges, and afterward 
 Governor, has characterized this step as " a confessedly violent 
 and somewhat revolutionary measure, which could never have 
 succeeded except in times of f^reat party excitement." 
 
 The great Whig mass-meeting at Springfield, in June, 1840, 
 was an incident of the political campaign of that 3'ear. No such 
 popular assemblage had ever been seen in the State before. It is 
 estimated that 20,000 people — nearly five per cent, of the entire 
 population of the State — were present, including a large delega- 
 tion from Chicago who marched overland, under command of the 
 late ]\Lij.-Gen. David Hunter, bcaiing with them many devices 
 so popular in that memorable campaign. 
 
°iA^vW,iii,Mrfii»W,'iii'a 
 
 lit'- 
 
 78 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLIXOIS. 
 
 Judge Thomas Ford became the Democratic candidate for 
 Governor in 1842, taking the place on the ticket of Col. A. W 
 Snyder, who had died after nomination. Ford was elected bv 
 more than 8,000 majority over ex-Governor Duncan, the Whig 
 candidate. John Moore, of McLean County (who had been a 
 member of the Legi.slature for several terms and was afterward 
 State Treasurer), was elected Lieutenant-Governor. Ford was a 
 native of Uniontown, Pennsj-lvania, where he was born in iSoo; 
 had been twice appointed State's attorney and four times elected 
 Judge, and was at the time a member of the Supreme Court. 
 He owed nnich of his success in life to his half-brother, George 
 Forquer, who had held the office of Secretarj' of State, and had 
 been an unsuccessful candidate for Congressional honors. 
 
 The failure of the State and the Shawneetown banks, near 
 the close of Carlin's administration, had produced a condition of 
 business depression that was felt all over the State. At the be- 
 ginning of Ford's administration, the State debt was estimated at 
 $15,657,950 — within about one million of the highest point it 
 ever reached — while the total population was a little over half a 
 million. In addition to these drawbacks, the Mormon question 
 became a source of embarrassment. This people, who, after hav- 
 ing been driven from Missouri, settled at Nauvoo, in Hancock 
 Count)'; they increased rapidly in numbers, and by the arrogant 
 course of their leaders and their odious doctrines — especially 
 with reference to "celestial marriage," and their assumptions of 
 autliorit}' — aroused the bitter hostility of neighboring comnunii- 
 ties not of their faith. The popular indignation became greatly 
 intensified bj'^ the course of unscrupulous politicians and the 
 granting to the Mormons by the Legislature of certain charters 
 and special privileges. Various charges were made against the 
 obnoxious sect, including rioting, kidnapping, robbery, counter- 
 feiting, etc., and the Governor called out the militia of the neigh- 
 boring counties to preserve the peace. Joseph Smith — the loini- 
 der of the sect — with his brother Hyrum and three others, were 
 induced to surrender to the authorities at Carthage, on the 
 
IMJXOIvS — FROM EDWARDS TO FRENCH. 
 
 79 
 
 hventy-tliird of Jiine,i844, under promise of protection of their 
 persons. Then the charge was changed to treason and they 
 were throAvn into jail, a guard of eight men being placed about 
 the I)uilding. A considerable portion of the militia had dis- 
 banded and returned home, while others were openly hostile to 
 the prisoners. On June 27th a band of one hundred and fifty 
 disguised men attacked the jail, finding little opposition among 
 those set to guatd it. In the assault which followed, both of the 
 Smiths were killed, while John Taylor, another of the prisoners, 
 was wounded. The trial of the murderers was a farce and they 
 were acqiiitted. A state of virtual war continued for a year, in 
 which Governor Ford's authorit}' was openly defied or treated 
 with contempt by those he had called upon to preserve the peace. 
 In the fall of 1845 the Mormons agreed to leave the State, and 
 the following spring the pilgrimage to Salt Lake began. Gen. 
 John J. Hardin, who afterward fell at Buena Vista, was twice 
 called on by Governor Ford to head parties of militia to restore 
 order, while Gen. Mason Brayman conducted the negotiations 
 which resulted in the promise of removal. The great body of 
 the refugees spent the following winter at Council Bluffs, Iowa, 
 arriving at Salt Lake in June following. Another considerable 
 body entered the service of the Goverment to obtain safe conduct 
 and sustenance across the plains. While the conduct of the Mor- 
 mons during their stay at Nauvoo was no doubt very irritating 
 and often lawless, it is eqiially true that the disordered condition 
 of affairs was taken advantage of by unscrupulous demagogues 
 for dishonest purposes, and this episode has left a stigma upon 
 the name of more than one over-zealous aUti-Mormon hero. 
 
 Though Governor Ford's integrity and ability in certain 
 directions have not been questioned, his administration was not 
 a successful one, largely on account of the conditions which pre- 
 vailed at the time and the embarrassments which he met from 
 his own party. He died at Peoria, November 3, 1850, in poverty. 
 The history of the State which he wrote in the latter years of 
 
r4.MUi.aatfuawiMi 
 
 80 
 
 THE WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 his life, is regarded as invaluable, and will be more highly ap- 
 preciated as we recede from the period in which he Hved, 
 
 A still more tragic chapter opened during the last year of 
 Ford's administration, in the beginning of the war with Mexico. 
 Three regiments of twelve months' volunteers, called for by the 
 General Government from the State of Illinois, were furnished 
 with alacrity and many more men offered their services than 
 could be accepted. The names of their respective commanders- 
 Cols. John J. Hardin, William H. Bissell and Ferris Foreman 
 — have been accorded a high place in the annals of the State ard 
 the Nation. Hardin was of an honorable Kentucky family; lie 
 had achieved distinction at the bar and served in the State Lc.ijis- 
 lature and in Congress, and his death on the battle-field of Buciia 
 Vista was universally deplored. Bissell afterward served with dis- 
 tinction in Congress and was the first Republican Governor of 
 Illinois, elected in 1856. Edward D. Baker, then a Whig mem- 
 ber of Congress, received authority to raise an additional ret,n- 
 ment, and laid the foundation of a reputation as broad as the Na- 
 tion. Two other regiments were raised in the State "for the 
 war" during the next year, led respectively by Col. Edward \V. 
 B. Newby and James Collins, beside four independent companies 
 of mounted volunteers. The whole number of volunteers fur- 
 nished by Illinois in this conflict was 6,123, of whom 86 were 
 killed, 12 died of wounds, and 160 were wounded. Their loss in 
 killed was greater than that of any other State, and the number 
 of wounded only exceeded by those from South Carolina and 
 Pennsylvania. Among other Illinoisans who participated in 
 this struggle, were Thomas L. Harris, William A. Richardson. 
 J. L. D. Morrison, Murray F. Tuley and Charles C. P. Holden, 
 while still others, either in the ranks or in subordinate positions, 
 received the "baptism of fire " which prepared them to win dis- 
 tinction as commanders of corps, divisions, brigades and re,>,n- 
 ments during the War of the Rebellion, including such names 
 as John A. Logan, Richard J. Oglesby, Benjamin M. Prentiss, 
 James D. Alorgan, W. H. L. Wallace (v/ho fell at Pittsburgh 
 
ILLINOIS — FROM KDWARDS TO FRKXCH. 
 
 8l 
 
 Landing), Stephen G. Hicks, Michael K. Lawler, Leonard F. 
 Ross, Ishani N. Haynie, T. Lyle Dickey, Dudley Wickershani, 
 Isaac C. Pugh, Thomas H. Flynn, J. P. Post, Nathaniel Niles, 
 W. R. Morrison, and others. 
 
 Except for the Mexican War, which was still in progress, 
 and acts of mob violence in certain portions of the State — 
 especially by a band of self-styled " regulators " in Pope and 
 Massac Counties — the administration of Augustus C. French, 
 which began with the close of the year 1846, was a quiet one. 
 French was elected at the previous August election by a vote of 
 58,700 to 36,775 for Thomas M. Kilpatrick, the Whig candidate, 
 and 5,TT2 for Richard Eels, the Free-Soil (or Abolition) candi- 
 date. The Whigs held their first State Convention this year for 
 the nomination of a State ticket, meeting at Peoria. At the 
 same election Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress, defeat- 
 ing Peter Cartwright, the famous pioneer Methodist preacher, 
 who was the Democratic candidate. At the session of the Legis- 
 lature which followed, Stephen A. Douglas was elected to the 
 United States Senate as successor to James Semple. 
 
 Governor French was a native of New Hampshire, born 
 August 2, 1808 ; he had practiced his profession as a lawyer 
 in Crawford County, had been a member of the Tenth and 
 Eleventh General Assemblies and Receiver of the land office at 
 Palestine. The State had now begun to recover from the de- 
 pression caused by the reverses of 1837 and siibsequent years, 
 and for some time its growth in population had been satisfactor}-. 
 The old Constitution, however, had been felt to be a hampering 
 influence, especially in dealing with the State debt, and, as early 
 as 1842, the question of "a State Convention to frame a new Con- 
 stitution had been submitted to popular vote, but was defeated by 
 the narrow margin of 1,039 votes. The Legislature of 1844-5 
 adopted a resolution for resubmission, and at the election of 1846 
 it was approved by the people by a majority of 35,326 in a total 
 vote of 81,352. The State then contained 99 counties with an 
 
■~.-*«w.»aiMniiinnin iiniiM 
 
 82 
 
 THE VVHITI'. CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 aj^j^rcgate population of 662,150. The assessed valuation of 
 property one year later was ^92,206,493, while the State debt 
 was $16,661,795— or more than 18 per cent, of the eutire as- 
 sessed value of the property of the State. 
 
 yiii<. 
 
 
 
 y,0tJi 
 
if..M 
 
ADMIN 
 
 STATI' c 
 'I'llK 
 TKK 
 
 wm 
 
 still later 
 W Michael ( 
 W. Singl 
 I Manly, of 
 shall, of ( 
 I David L.( 
 |v E. \\'orcei 
 strong, of 
 Norton, o 
 and Wait 
 Jo Davies; 
 vid Davis, 
 A. Hurlbu 
 
 lllijKiis. 
 
CHAPTER IX. 
 ADMINISTRATIONS OF FRENCH AND AIATTESOX. 
 
 STATIs CONSTITUTIONAL CONVKXTIOX OK 1847 — I'lCATlRHS OF 
 THK NFAV CONSTITUTION — GOVERNOR FRKNCH'S SKCOND 
 TKRM — ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD — MATTESON'S 
 ADMINIvSTRATION — ORGANIZATION OF THE RE- 
 PUBLICAN PARTY — LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE. 
 
 "'T^^HE election of nicnibers of a State Convention to 
 form a second Con.stii:ntion for the State of Illi- 
 nois, was held April 19, 1847. Of one hnndred 
 aiid sixty -two members chosen, ninety-two were 
 Democrats, leaving seventy members to all shades 
 of the opposition. Among the members of 
 this historic body whose names were already 
 prominent in State affairs or became so at a 
 still later date, were Archibald Williams, of Adams County; 
 Michael G. Dale, of Bond; Daniel H. Whitne\', of Boone; James 
 W. Singleton, of Brown; Henry E. Dummer, of Cass; Uri 
 Manly, of Clark; Benjamin Bond, of Clinton; Thomas A. Mar- 
 shall, of Coles ; t"ancis C Sherman, Reuben E. Heacock and 
 David L. Gregg, of Cook; Hezekiah M. Wead, of Fulton; Linus 
 E. Worcester and D. M. Woodson, of Greene ; George W. Arm- 
 strong, of LaSalle ; Thomas C. Sharpe, of Hancock ; Jesse O. 
 Norton, of Will; Alex. M. Jenkins, of Jackson ; Zadok Casey 
 and Waiter B. Scates, of Jefferson; Thompson Campbell, of 
 Jo Daviess; James Knox, of Knox; John Dement, of Lee; Da- 
 vid Davis, of McLean ; John M. Palmer, of Macoupin ; Stephen 
 A. Hurlbut, of Boone; Cyrus Edwards, Edward M. West and 
 
 llliiiuis. Ki 
 
*matmm»M 
 
 MNNHM 
 
 84 
 
 TIIK WIIITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 OcorKt-' T. Rrowii, of Madison ; Anthoii}' 'riiornton, of Shclhy; 
 Newton Cloud, vSanmel I). Lockwood and William Thomas, of 
 Morjran ; John I). Whiteside, of Monroe; Daniel J. Pinckncy, 
 of Oj^^le; Lincoln 15. Knowlton and Onslow Peters, of Peoria; 
 William R. Archer and William A. Grimshaw, of Pike; Richard 
 H. Servant, of Randolph; Alfred Kitchell, of Richland; Janics 
 H. Matheny, N. W. Kdwards and Stephen T. Logan, of Sani,^- 
 nior> ; N. ^L Knai)p, of Scott; XVilliam W. Roman and William 
 C. Kinney, of St. Clair; Abner C. Harding, of Warren; S. 
 Snowdcn Hayes, of White; Selden M. Church, of Winnehai^n), 
 and Willis Allen, of Franklin. Of these, eight — Campbell, 
 Hurlbut, Norton, Knox, Harding, Singleton, Thornton and Al- 
 len — were afterward members of Congress; Wead, Woodson and 
 Davis, Circuit Judges (the last being still later a Justice of ihi; 
 Supreme Court and United States Senator), while John M. Pal- 
 mer became Governor and David L- Gregg became Secretary of 
 State, and Mii'ister to the Sandwich Lslands. Others were after- 
 ward prominent members of the General Assembly, or otherwise 
 exerted an influence in shaping the destinies of the Stats.'-' 
 
 The Convention assembled at Springfield, June 7, 1847; it 
 was organized by the election of Newton Cloud, Permanent Presi- 
 dent, and concluded its labors afttv a session of nearly three 
 months, adjourning August 31st. Tne Constitutio.i was sub- 
 mitted to a vote of the people, March 6, 1848, and was ratified l)y 
 59,887 votes in its favor to 15,859 against. A special article 
 prohibiting free persons of color from settling in the State was 
 adopted by 49,060 votes for, to 20,883 against it; and another, pro- 
 viding for a two-mill tax, by 41,017 for, to 30,586 against. The 
 Constitution went into effect April i, 1848. 
 
 The provision imposing a special two-mill tax, to be applied 
 to the payment of the State indebtedness, was the means of re- 
 storing the State credit, while that prohibiting the immigration 
 of free persons of color, though in accordance with the spirit (if 
 
 *A ruuiiioii of the survivors of this body was held it vSprinpfield, Januarv 3, 1 ^'^j, 
 which wa--- attended by twenty-two of the thirty-one members then understood tn hv 
 living- 
 
ILLINOIS — FRENCH AND MATTKSON. 
 
 85 
 
 the times, brotij^iit upon tlic State much opjjrobriuin and was re- 
 pudiated with emphasis duriuj^ the War of the Rebellion. The 
 demand for retienchment, caused by the fnnncial depression fol- 
 lowinjj; the wild le^isla ion of 1837, led to tlie adoptitm of many 
 radical provisions in the new Constitution, some of which were 
 afterward found to be serious errors opening the way for jj^rave 
 abuses. Among these were the practical limitations of the bien- 
 nial sessions of the General Assembly to forty-two days, while 
 the prr tiitm of members was fixed at two dollars. The salaries 
 of vState officers were also fixed at what would now be recognized 
 as ail al)surdly low figure, that of Governor being $1,500; Su- 
 preme Court Judges, $1,200 each ; Circuit Judges, $i,ocx) ; State 
 Auditor, $1,000; Secretary of State, and State Treasurer, $800 
 each. Among less objectionable provisions were tho.se restricting 
 the right of suffrage to white male citizens, which excluded 
 many unnaturalized foreigners who had exercised the privilege 
 as "inhabitants" under the Constitution of 1818; providing for 
 the election of all State, judicial and county officers by popular 
 vote ; prohibiting the State from incurring indebtedness in excess 
 of $50,000 without a special vote of the people, or granting the 
 credit of the State in aid of any individual association or corpora- 
 tion; fixing the date of the State election on the Tuesday after 
 the first Monday in November in every fourth year, instead of 
 the first Monday in August, as had been the rule under the 
 old Constitution. The tenure of office of all State officers was 
 fixed at four years except that of State Treasurer, which was 
 made two years, and the Governor only was made ineligible to 
 immediate re-election. The nuuioer of members of the General 
 .Assembly was fixed at twenty-five in the Senate and seventy-five 
 in the House, subject to a certain specified ratio of increase when 
 the population should exceed 1,000,000. 
 
 As the Constitution of 18 18 had been modeled upon the 
 
 form then most popula ; in the Southern States — especially with 
 
 [reference to the large number of officers made appointive by the 
 
 Governor, or elective by the Legislature — so the new Constitu- 
 
86 
 
 Till'. WIUTl-; CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 f i 
 
 e. 
 
 tion was, in some of its features, more in S3'nipatli3'' with those 
 of other Northern States, and indicated the growing influence of 
 New England sentiment. This was especially the case with 
 reference to the section providing for a system of township or- 
 ganization in the several coiinties of the State at the pleasure 
 of a majority of the voters of each countj\ 
 
 Besides the election for the ratification of the State Constitu- 
 tion^ three other State elections were held in 1848, viz: (i) for 
 the election of State officers in August; (2) an election of 
 Judges in September, and (3) the Presidential election in No- 
 vember. At the first of these, Governor French, whose first 
 term had been cut short two years by the adoption of he new 
 Constitution, was re-elected for a second term, practically with- 
 out opposition, the vote against him being divided between Pierre 
 Tvlenard and Dr. C. V. D3^er. French thus became his own suc- 
 cessor, being the first Illinois Governor to be re-elected, and, 
 though two 3'ears of his first term had been cut off by the adop- 
 tion of the Constitution, he .served in the gubernatorial office six 
 years. The other State officers elected, were William Mc]\Iur- 
 try, wf Knox, Lieutenant-Governor; Horace S. Cooley, of 
 Adams, Secretary of State; Thomas H. Campbell, of Randolph, 
 Auditor, and Milton Carpenter, of Hamilton, vState Treasurer — all 
 Democrats, and all but McAIurtry being their own successors. At 
 the Presidential election in November, the electoral vote \ui 
 given to Lewis Cass, the Democratic candidate, who received 56,- 
 300 votes, to 53,047 for Taylor, the Whig candidate, and 15,774 wr 
 Martin Van Buren, the candidate of the Free Democracy or 
 Free-Soil party. Thus, for the first time in the history of the 
 State after 1824, the Democratic candidate for President failed 
 to receive an absolute majority of the popular vote, being in a 
 minority of 12,521, while having a plurality over the Whig can- 
 didate of 3,253. The only noteworth}' results in the election 
 of Congressmen this year, was the election of Col. E. D. Bal>":r 
 (Whig), from the Galena District, and I\Laj. The mas L. Harris 
 (Democrat), from the Springfield District. Both Baker and 
 
 
lu a 
 
mm 
 
 Harris 1: 
 
 accounte 
 
 political! 
 
 at the sa 
 
 fourth te 
 
 Judges e 
 
 froui the 
 
 tral, and 
 
 Ale 
 
 Stf. Se 
 
 \vao had 
 
 Gordo; ^ 
 
 six years 
 
 I were arra 
 
 After a 1: 
 
 party and 
 
 his seat, 1 
 
 heated co; 
 
 judiciousl 
 
 he \ras de 
 
 birth, the 
 
 after natii 
 
 October f( 
 
 session, ai 
 
 eypiration 
 
 not withoi 
 
 sion. 
 
 Anotl 
 adoption * 
 "Wilniot ■ 
 regular se; 
 settled in 
 drift of se] 
 the institn 
 phasized b 
 
IIJJXOIS — FRKXCH ^ND MATTESON. 
 
 87 
 
 Harris had been soldiers in the Mexican War, which probably 
 accounted for their election in Districts usually opposed to them 
 politically. The other five Congressmen elected from the State 
 at the same time — including John Wentworth, then chosen for a 
 fourth term from the Chicago District — were Democrats. The 
 Judges elected to the Supreme Bench were Lyman Trumbull, 
 from the Southern Division ; Samuel H. Treat, from the Cen- 
 tral, and John Dean Caton, from the Northern — all Democrats. 
 
 A leading event of this session was the election of a United 
 Stf. Senator in place of Sidnc}' Breese. Gen. James Shields, 
 \.vao had been severely wounded on the battle-field of Cerro 
 Gordo; Sidney Breese, who had been United States Senator for 
 six years, and John A. McClernand, then a member of Congress, 
 were arrayed against each other before the Democratic caucus. 
 After a bitter contest. Shields was declared the choice of his 
 party and was finally elected. He did not immediately obtain 
 his seat, however. On presentation of his credentials, after a 
 heated controversy in Congress and out of it, in which he in- 
 judiciously assailed his predecessor in very intemperate language, 
 he was declared ineligible on the ground that, being of foreign 
 birth, the n' - xsrsof citizenship required by the Constitution 
 after natuTw ,^ or had not elapsed previous to his election. In 
 October followi ;. the Legislature was called together in special 
 session, and. Shields' disability having now been removed by the 
 e: piration of the Constitutional period, he was re-elected, though 
 not without a renewal of the bitter contest of the regular ses- 
 sion. 
 
 Another noteworthj' event of this special session was the 
 adoption of a joint resolution favoring the principles of. the 
 "Wilniot Proviso." Although this was repealed at the next 
 regular session on the ground that the points at issue had been 
 settled in the Compromise Measures of 1850, it indicated the 
 drift of sentiment in Illinois tov/ard opposition to the spread of 
 the institution of r'averj^, and this was still more strongly em- 
 phasized by the election of Abraham Lincoln in i860. 
 
88 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 {li 'h 
 
 Two important measures which passsed the General As- 
 sembl}' at the session of 1851, were the Free-Banking Law,'^' and 
 the act incorporating the Illinois Central Railroad Company. 
 The credit of first suggesting this great thoroughfare has been 
 awarded to William Smith Waite, a citizen of Bond County. 
 Illinois, as early as 1835/)- The first step toward legislation in 
 Congress on this subject was taken in the introduction by Sena- 
 tor Brecse of a bill in March, 1843,! ^"t it was not until 1850 
 that the measure took the form of a direct grant of lauds to 
 the State, finally passing the Senate in Ma}^ and the House in 
 September following. The act ceded to the State of Illinois, for 
 the purpose of aiding in the construction of a line of railroad, 
 from the junction of the Ohio and Mississippi, with branches to 
 Chicago and Dubuque, Iowa, respectively, alternate sections of 
 land on each side of said railroad, aggregating 2,595,000 acres, 
 the length of the road and branches exceeding seven hundred 
 miles. An Act incorporating the Illinois Central Railroad Corn- 
 pan 3' passed the State Legislature in February, 1851. Tlie 
 compau}' was thereupon promptly organized with a numl)cr of 
 New York capitalists at its head, including Robert Schuyler, 
 George Griswold and Gouvcrneur Morris, and the grant was placed 
 in the hands of trustees to be iised for the purpose designated, 
 under the pledge of the Companj' to build the road by July 4. 
 1S54, and to pay seven per cent, of its gross earnings into the 
 State Ireasury perpetually. A large proportion of the line uas 
 constructed through sections of country either sparsely settled 
 or wholl}' unpopulated, but which have since become amony; the 
 
 *T1k)Uk1i iiiii^erfect in some of its details, the provisions of this law for the protec- 
 tion of circuLition proved effective up to the time of the Rebellion. By i860 one !nin 
 dred and ten hanks had been established under it with an aj^gre^ate circulation iif5i2- 
 320,964. In November, 1H62, only twenty-two remained solvent, while ninety-three luii 
 su.sjjendeil or gone out of bu.siness. The banks in liquidation paid on their circulation 
 all the way from ])ar to ;is little as forty-nine cents on the dollar, the average beinu about 
 sixty, inv.,!ving a lossof nearly ^4,000,000.— .7/yir.s" Hisloiy of flliiiois. 
 
 tW. K. Ackertnan, a fonner President of the Illinois Central Railroad Com])any, in 
 his " Historical vSketch " in reference to th.nt enterprise, claims this honor forLieiil.-Gov 
 Alexander M. Jenkins, in the Senate in 18,^2. Jenkins was elected Lieutenant-Governor 
 tile same year, serving until the close of 1834. 
 
 ' J A special charter for such a road had passed the Illinois Legislature in \^2,^.— Acker- 
 man. 
 
ILLINOIS — FRENCH AND MATTESON. 
 
 89 
 
 richest ana most populous portions of the State. The fund 
 already received by the State from the road exceeds the amount 
 of tiie State debt incurred under the internal improvement 
 scheme of 1837.* 
 
 On his retirement from the governorship, Governor French 
 was appointed one of the State Bank Commissioners, and still 
 later became a professor of law in McKendree College, at Leba- 
 non. In 1862 he served as a member of the Constitutional Con- 
 vention from St. Clair, and died at Lebanon, September 4, 1864. 
 
 Joel A. Matteson (Democrat) was elected Governor at the 
 November election, in 1852, receiving 80,645 votes to 64,405 for 
 I' Edwin B. Webb,t Whig, and 8,809 for Dexter A. Knowlton, 
 Free-Soil. The other State officers elected, were Gustavus 
 Kcerner, Lieutenant-Governor; Alexander Starne, Secretary of 
 State; Thomas H. Campbell, Auditor; and John Moore, Treas- 
 urer. Th° Whig candidates for these offices, respectively were 
 James L. D. Morrison, Buckner S. Morris, Charles A. Betts and 
 Francis Arenz. John A. Logan appeared among the new mem- 
 bers of the Hous._ chosen at thif election as a Representative 
 from Jackson County ; while Henry W. Blodgett, since United 
 States District Judge for the Northern District of Illinois, and 
 now counsel of the American Arbitrators of the Behring Sea 
 Connnlssion, was the only Free-Soil member, being the Repre- 
 sentative from Lake County. John Reynolds, who had been 
 Governor, a Justice of the Supreme Court and Member of Con- 
 gress, was a member of the House and was elected Speaker. 
 
 The State debt reached its maximum at the beginning of 
 Matteson's administration, amounting to $16,724,177, of which 
 $7,259,822 was canal debt. The State had now entered upon a 
 new and prosperous period, and in the next four years the debt 
 was reduced by the sum of $4,564,840, leaving the amount out- 
 
 *For a detailed history of this jjrcat enteqjrise see "Moses" History of Illinois," 
 Vol. II, pp. 572-580. 
 
 tWchl) was a brother of James Watson Webb, for many years editor of the New York 
 Coiirirr and Enquirer, and afterward Minister to Brazil by appointment of President 
 
 Lincoln. 
 
90 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 standing, January i, 1857, $12,834,144. The three State insti- 
 tutions at Jacksonville — the Asylums for the Deaf and Dumb, 
 the Blind, and Insane — had been in successful operation several 
 years, but now internal dissensions and Oissatisfaction with their 
 management scriouslj' interfered with their prosperity and 
 filially led to revolutions which, for a time, impaired their use- 
 fulness. 
 
 During Matteson's administration a period of political ex- 
 citement began, caused by the introduction in the United States 
 Senate, in January, 1854, by Senator Douglas, of Illinois, of 
 the bill for the repeal of the Missouri Compromise — otherwise 
 known as the Kansas-Nebraska bill. Although this belongs 
 rather to National history, the prominent part played in it b}- an 
 Illinois statesman who had won applause three or four years be- 
 fore by the service he had performed in securing the passage of 
 the Illinois Central Railroad grant, and the effect which his 
 course had in revolutionizing the politics of the State, justifies 
 reference to it here. After a debate, almost unprecedented in 
 bitt'^rness, it became a law. May 30, 1S54. The agitation in 
 Ill'.iois was intense. At Chicago, Douglas was practically de- 
 nied a hearing. Going to Springfield, where the State Fair was 
 in progress during the first week of October, 1854, he made a 
 speech in the State Capitol in his defense. This was replied to 
 by Abraham Lincoln, then a private citizen, to whom Douglas 
 made a rejoinder. Speeches were also made in criticism of 
 Doiiglas' position by Judges Breese and Trumbull (both of 
 whom had been prominent Democrats) and other Democratic 
 leaders were understood to be read}^ to assail the champior. of 
 the Kansas-Nebraska bill, though the}' afterward thought better 
 of it and became supporters of the measure. The first State 
 Convention of opponents of the Nebraska Bill was held at the 
 same time, but the attendance was small and the attempt to 
 effect a permanent organization was not successful. At the ses- 
 sion of the Nineteenth General Assembly, which met in January 
 following, Lyman Trumbull was chosen the first Republican 
 
ILLINOIS — FRENCH AND MATTESON. 
 
 91 
 
 United vStates Senator from Illinois, in place of General Shields, 
 whose term was abont to expire. Trnmbull was elected on the 
 tenth ballot, receiving fifty-one votes to fortj'-seven for Governor 
 Matteson, thongh Lincoln had led on the Repnblican side at 
 every previous ballot, and on the first had come within six votes 
 of an election. Although he was then the choice of a large major- 
 ity of the opposition to the Democratic candidate, when Lincoln 
 saw that the original supporters of Trumbull would not cast 
 their votes for himself, he generously insisted that his friends 
 should support his rival, thus determining the result. 
 
 On the twenty-second of February, 1856, occurred the con- 
 vention of Anti-Nebraska (Republican) editors at Decatur, 
 which proved the first effective step in consolidating the opposi- 
 tion to the Kansas-Nebraska Bill into a compact political organ- 
 ization. The main business of this convention consisted in the 
 adoption of a series of resolutions defining the position of their 
 authors on National questions — especially with reference to the 
 institution of slavery— and appointing a State Convention to be 
 held at Bloomington, May 29th, following. A State Central 
 Committee to represent the new party was also appointed at this 
 con\cntion. With two or three exceptions the Committeemen 
 accepted and joined in the call for the State Convention, which 
 was heM at the time designated, when the first Republican State 
 ticket was put in the field. Among the distinguished men who 
 participated in this Convention were Abraham Lincoln, O. H. 
 Browning, Richard Yates, Owen Lovejo}-, John M. Pah. er, 
 Isaac N. Arnold and John Wentworth. Palmer presided, while 
 Abraham Lincoln, who was one of the chief speakers, was one 
 of the delegates appointed to the National Convention, held at 
 Philadelphia on the seventeenth of June. The candidates put in 
 nomination for State offices were: William H. Bissell, for Governor; 
 Francis A. Hoffman, for Lieutenant-Governor (afterward replaced 
 by John Wood on account of ineligibilit}'); Ozias M. Hatch, for 
 Secretary of State; Jesse K. Dubois, for Auditor; James H. 
 Miller, for State Treasurer, and William H. Powell for Superin- 
 
mm 
 
 92 
 
 THE WHITE CITV — HXINOIS. 
 
 !']! 
 
 tendent of Public Instruction. The Democratic ticket was cf im- 
 posed of William A. Richardson, for Governor; R. J. Hamilton, 
 Lieutenant-Governor; W. H. Snyder, Secretary of State; S. K. 
 Casey, Auditor; John Moore, Treasurer, and J. H. St. Matthew, 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction. The American organiza- 
 tion also nominated a ticket headed b}' Buckner S. Morris for 
 Governor. Althouj^h the Democrats carried the State for Bu- 
 chanan, their candidate for President, by a plurality of 9,1^9, 
 the entire Republican State ticket was elected by pluralities 
 ranging from 3,031 to 20,213 — the latter being the majority for 
 Miller, candidate for State Treasurer, whose name was on botli 
 the Republican and American tickets. 
 
 
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 ton, 
 
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 ' tor 
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CHAPTER X. 
 
 ILLIX'OIS UNDER REPUBLICAN RULE. 
 
 TIIH ADMINISTRATION OF GOVERNOR HISSHLI. — PERSONAL SKETCH 
 —GOV. JOHN WOOD — CAMPAIGN OF 1860 — LINCOLN AND 
 YATES — THE REBELLION — ILLINOIS IN THE GREAT 
 STRUGGLE — PEACE MEETINGS IN 1 863 — CAMP DOUG- 
 LAS CONSPIRACY — CAMPAIGN OF 1864 — AS- 
 SASSINATION OF LINCOLN — THE LOYAL 
 WOMEN OF ILLINOIS — OGLESBV'S 
 ADMINISTRATION, 
 
 ITH the inauguration of Governor 
 Bissell, the Republican partj' en- 
 tered upon the control of the Sti;te 
 Government, which was maintained 
 without interruption until the close 
 ^ft^r\^'^-(*.tf/-''''' of the administration of Governor Fifer, in 
 7//'^ jj^ij^im-y, 1893 — a period of thirty-six years. 
 On account of physical disabilit}- Bissell's in- 
 auguration took place in the executive mansion, 
 January 12, 1857. ^^ ^^'^^ immediately made the object of viru- 
 lent personal attack in the House, being charged with pcrju.yin 
 taking the oath of office in face of the fact that, while a member 
 of Congress, he had accepted a challenge to fight a duel with 
 Jefferson Davis. To this, the reply was made that the offense 
 charged took place outside of the State and beyond the legal 
 jurisdiction of the Constitution of Illinois. 
 
 While the State continued to prosper under Bissell's admin- 
 istration, the most important events of this period related rather 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 93 
 
94 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 to K^Micral than to State policy. One of these was the delivery 
 by Abraham Lincoln, in the Hall of Representatives, on the 
 evening of June 17, iS5iS, of the celebrated speech in which he 
 announced the doctrine that " a house divided against itself can- 
 not stand." This was followed during the next few months hv 
 the scries of memorable debates between those two great cham- 
 pions of their respective parties — Lincoln and Douglas — which 
 attracted the attention of the whole land. The result was the 
 re-election of Douglas to the United States Senate for a third 
 term, but it also made Abraham Lincoln President of the United 
 States. 
 
 About the middle of Risscll's term (February, 1859), came 
 the discovery of what has since been known as the celebrated 
 " Canal Scrip Fraud." This consisted in the fraudulent fundiiii; 
 in State bonds of a large amount of State scrip, which had been 
 issued for temporary purposes during the construction of the 
 Illinois and Michigan Canal, but which had been subsequently 
 redeemed. A Lgislative investigation proved the amount ille- 
 gally funded to have been $223,182, and that the bulk of the 
 bonds issued therefor — so far as they could be traced — had been 
 delivered to ex-Gov. Joel A. Matteson. For this amount, with 
 accrued interest, he gave to the State an indemnity bond, secured 
 by real estate mortgages, from which the State eventually realized 
 $238,000 out of $255,000, then due. Further investigation proved 
 additional frauds of like character, aggregating $165,346, which 
 the State never recovered. An attempt was made to prosecute 
 Matteson criminally in the Sangamon County Circuit Court, but 
 the grand jury failed, by a close vote, to find an indictment 
 against him. He died in Chicago, January 31, 1873. 
 
 At the time of his election to the Governorship, Bissell was 
 already a conspicuous figure in National and State politics. A 
 native of New York, on coming to Illinois he began the practice 
 of his profession as a physician in Monroe County, but afterward 
 adopted the profession of law and entered the Legislature. As 
 Colonel of the Second Regiment of Illinois Volunteers during 
 
ILLINOIS — UNDKR RHITHMCAN RULK. 
 
 95 
 
 the Mexican War, lie showed himself a bnive soldier at the bat- 
 tle of Buena Vista and elsewhere, and afterward served three 
 terms in Congress, dnring which he proved his conra.u^e by ac- 
 cepting a challenge to a duel from Jefferson Davis. Although a 
 Democrat, he had also taken a leading part in conjunction with 
 \\'aslil)urne, Wentworth, Norton, Knox and Yates, his Illinois 
 colleagues, in opposition to the Nebraska Bill. At the time of 
 his noniiuation he was an invalid, having received an injury to 
 his si)ine from which he never recovered, and was not able to 
 enter actively into the campaign. He died in office, March iS, 
 i,S6o, having barely entered upon the fourth year of his official 
 term. His remains lie buried in Oak Ridge Ccr tery, at 
 Springfield, where a monument has been erected to his memory. 
 
 Lieut.-Gov. John Wood, who succeeded to Bisscll's unex- 
 pired term, was a native of New York, born December 20, 1798. 
 He came to Illinois in 1819, and was one of the founders of the 
 city of Quincy, where he built the first log-cabin in 1S22, and 
 where he died June 11, 1880. He was a large-hearted, jjublic- 
 spirited man — an excellent specimen of the enterprising, pro- 
 gressive pioneer. He served the State as Quartermaster-Gen- 
 eral for the first two j^ears after the opening of the War of the 
 Rebellion, and assisted in ecjuipping all the earlier regiments 
 sent to the field. Although advanced in years, he then raised a 
 regiment of one-hundred-da}' men with which he saw some ser- 
 vice at Memphis. 
 
 The political campaign of i860 Mas one of unparalleled ex- 
 citement throughout the nation, but especially in Illinois, which 
 became, in a certain sense, the chief battle-ground, furnishing 
 the successful candidate for the Presidency, as well as being the 
 State in which the convention which nominated him met. The 
 Republican State Convention, held at Decatur, May 9, put in 
 nomination Richard Yates, of Morgan Count}', for Governor; 
 Francis A. Hoffman for Lieutenant-Governor, O. M. Hatch for 
 Secretary of State, Jesse K. Dubois, for Auditor, William Butler, 
 I'or Treasurer, and Newton Bateman for Superintendent of Public 
 
iWiwriitwiTtyfii-iiiiiim 
 
 .'IS 
 
 96 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 I 
 
 !!| 
 
 ■'I- 
 
 i 
 
 if li 
 
 Instruction. If thi.s campaign was memorable for its excite- 
 ment, it was also memorable for the large number of National 
 and State tickets in the field. The National Republican Con- 
 vention assembled at Chicago, May 16, and, on the third ballot, 
 Abraham Lincoln was nominated for President amid a whirl- 
 wind of enthusiasm unsurpassed in the history of National 
 Conventions, of which so man}- have been held In the " couwii- 
 tion city'* of the Northwest. The campaign was what nii^ht 
 have been expected from such a beginning. Lincoln, though re- 
 ceiving considerably less than one-half the popular vote, had a 
 plui'ality over his highest competitor of nearly half a million 
 votes, and a majority in the electoral colleges of j^y. In the 
 State- he received 172,161 votes to 160,215 for Douglas, his lead- 
 ing competitor. The vote for Governor stood: Yates (Repnb- 
 lican) 172,196; Allen (Douglas-Democrat) 159,253; Hope (Breck- 
 inridge Democrat) 2,049; Stuart (American) 1,626. 
 
 Among the prominent men of different parties who appeared 
 for the first time in the General Assembly chosen at this time, 
 were William B. Ogden, Richard J. Oglcsby, A. \V. Mack, 
 Washington Bushnell, William Ja3'ne, and Henry E. Dunnncr, 
 of the Senate, and William R. Archer, J. Russell Jones, Robert 
 H. IMcClellan, J. Young Scammon, William H. Brown, Lawrence 
 Weldon, R. B. Latham, N. U. Broadwell, A. G. Burr, and John 
 Scholfield, in the Hou.se. Shelby AL Culloni, w-ho had entered 
 the Legislature at the previous session, was re-elected to thi.s 
 and was chosen Speaker of the House over the late J. W. Single- 
 ton. L3'nian Trumbull was re-elected to the United States Sen- 
 ate by the votes of the Republicans over Samuel S. Marshall, 
 the Democratic candidate. 
 
 Almost simultaueousl}' witli the accession of the uew vState 
 Government, and before the inauguration of the President at 
 Washington, began that series of startling events which nlti- 
 niately culminated in the attempted secession of eleven States 
 of the Union — the first acts in the great drama of war which 
 occupied the attention of the world for the next four years. On 
 
S^.^' 
 
ILLINOIvS — UNDER REPUBLICAN RULE. 
 
 97 
 
 January 14, t86i, the new State adiiiinistration was inaugu- 
 rated; on February 2, Commissioners to the futile Peace Conven- 
 tion held at Washington, were appointed from Illinois, consist- 
 ing of Stephen T. Logan, John M. Palmer, ex-Gov. John Wood, 
 B.C. Cook and T.J. Turner; and on February nth, Abraham 
 Lincoln took leave of his friends and neighbors at Springfield on 
 his departure for Washington, in that simple, touching speech 
 which has taken a place beside his inaugural addresses and his 
 Gettysburg speech, as an American classic. The events which 
 followed; the firing on Fort Sumter on the 12th of April and 
 its surrender; the call for 75,000 troops and the excitement 
 which prevailed all over the country, are matters of National 
 liistory. Illinoisans responded with promptness and enthusiasm 
 to the call for six regiments of State militia for three months' 
 service, and one week later (April 21) Gen. R. K. Swift, of Chi- 
 cago, at the head of seven companies, numbering 595 men, was 
 ni route for Cairo to execute the order of the Secretary of War 
 for the occupation of that place. The offer of militar} organi- 
 zaticnis proceeded rapidly, and by the i8th of April, fifty com- 
 panies had been tendered, while the public-spirited and patriotic 
 bankers of the priucipal cities were offering to supply the State 
 with money to arm and equip the hastil}' organized troops. Fol- 
 lowing in order the six regiments which Illinois had sent to the 
 Mexican War, those called out for the three months' service in 
 1S61 were numbered consecutively from seven to twelve, and 
 were commanded by the following officers, respectively: Cols. 
 John Cook, Richard J. Oglesby, Eleazer A. Paine, James D. 
 Morgan, W. H. L. Wallace and John McArthur, with Gen. Ben- 
 jamin M. Prentiss as brigade commander. The rank and file 
 numbered 4,680 men, of whom 2,000, at the end of their term of 
 service, re-enlisted for three years. 
 
 Among the many who visited the State Capitol in the early 
 months of the war to offer their services to the Government in 
 suppressing the Rebellion, one of the most modest and unassum- 
 ing was a gentleman from Galena who brought a letter of intro- 
 

 "p 
 
 iaillMHHH 
 
 98 
 
 THK WHITK CITY 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 ductioii to Governor Yates from Congressman E. B. Wasliburnc. 
 Though he had been a captain in the regular army and had seen 
 service in the war with Mexico, he set up no pretension on that 
 account, but after da^'s of patient waiting, was given temporary 
 employment as a clerk in the office of the Adjutant-General. 
 Col. T. S. Mather. Finally, an emergenc}' having arisen re- 
 quiring the services of an officer of military experience as com- 
 mandant at Camp Yates (a camp of rendezvous and instruction 
 near Springfield), he was assigned to the place, rather as an ex- 
 periment and from necessity than from conviction of any pecul- 
 iar fitness for the position. Having acquitted himself creditably 
 here, he was assigned, a few weeks later, to the command of a 
 regiment (the Twentj^-first Illinois Volunteers) which, from 
 previous bad management, had manifested a mutinous tendency, 
 And thus Uly.sses S. Grant, the most successful leader of the 
 war, the organiscer of final victory over the Rebellion, the Lieu- 
 ten ant-General of the armies of the Union and twice elected 
 President of the United States, started upon that career whicli 
 won for him the plaudits of the Nation and the title of the grand- 
 est soldier of his time. 
 
 The responses of Illinois, under the leadership of its 
 patriotic " War Governor," Richard Yates, to the repeated calls 
 for volunteers through the four 3'ears of war, were cheerful and 
 prompt. Illinois troops took part in nearly every important l)at- 
 tle in the Mississippi Valley and in many of those in the East, 
 besides accompanying Sherman in his triumphal " March to the 
 Sea." Illinois blood stained the field at Belmont, at Wilson's 
 Creek, Lexiijgton, Forts Donelson and Henry; at Shiloh, Cor- 
 inth, Nashville, Stone River and Chicamauga; at Jackson, tlie 
 Siege of Vicksburg, Allatoona Pass, Kenesaw Mountain, Rc-^aca, 
 Peach Tree Creek and Atlanta, in the South and West; atid at 
 Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, Petersburg and in tlic 
 battles of *' the Wilderness" in the East. Of .''.11 the States of 
 the Union, Illinois alone, up to February i, 1864, presented the 
 proud record of having answered every call upon her for troops 
 
ILLINOIS — UNDER RHPUBLICAN RULE. 
 
 99 
 
 without a draft. The whole number of enlistments from the 
 State under the^'arious calls from 1861 to 1865, were 255,057 to 
 meet quotas aggregating 244,496''". The ratio of troops furnished 
 to population was 15^1 per cent., which was only exceeded by the 
 District of Columbia (which had a large inflnx from the States), 
 and Kansas and Nevada, each of which had a much larger pro- 
 portion of adnlt male population. The v, hole number of regi- 
 mental ort' nizations, according to the returns in the Adjutant- 
 General's office, was 151 regiments of infantry (numbered 
 consecutively from the Sixth to the One Hundred and Fifty- 
 seventh), 17 regiments of cavalry and two regiments of artillery, 
 besides nine independent batteries. The total losses of Illinois 
 troops, officially reported by the War Department, were 
 34,834 (13-65 per cent.), of which 5,874 were killed in battle, 
 4,020 died of wounds, 22,786 died of disease, and 2,154 from 
 other causes. Besides the great Commander-in-Chief, Abraham 
 Lincoln, and Lieut.-Gen. U. S. Grant, Illinois furnished eleven 
 full Major-Generals of volunteers, viz. : Generals John Pope, 
 John A. WcClernand, S. A. Hurlbut, B. M. Prentiss, John M. 
 Palmer, R. J. Oglesby, John A. Logan, John M. Schofield, Giles 
 A. Smith, Wesley IVIerritt and Benjamin H. Grierson; twenty 
 Brevet Major-Generals; twenty-four Brigadier-Generals, and 
 over 120 Brevet Brigadier-Generals. Among the long list of 
 regimental officers who fell upon the field or died from wounds 
 appear the names of Col. J. R. Scott, of the 19th; Col. Thomas 
 D. Williams, of the 25th; and Col. F. A. Harrington, of the 
 27th— all killed at Stone River; Col. J. W. S. Alexander, of the 
 2ist; Col. Daniel Gilmer, of the 38th; Lieut.-Col. Duncan J. 
 Hall, of the 89th; Col. Timothy O'Meara, of the 90th; and Col. 
 Holden Putnam, at Chicamauga and Missionary Ridge; Col. 
 John B. Wyman, of the 13th, at Chickasaw Bayou; Lieut.-Col. 
 Thomas W. Ross, of the 32nd, at Sliiloh; Col. John A. Davis, of 
 tlie46th, at Hatchie; Col. William A. Dickernian, of the 103d, 
 
 *A(:cording to the account of the United States War Department. According to the 
 State account, the quota was 231,488 and the number credited 226,592. 
 
TOO 
 
 TIIK WIIITI'; CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 ifli^ 
 
 4 
 
 at Rcsaca ; Col. 0.scar Harmon at Kciiesaw ; Col. John A. Bross 
 It Petersburg, besides Col. Mihalotzy, Col. Silas Miller, Litui.- 
 Col. Melancthon Smith, Maj. Zenas Applington, Col. John J. 
 Mudd, Col. Matthew H. Starr, Maj. Wm. H- Medill, Col. War- 
 ren Stewart and many more on other battle-fields. It would be 
 a grateful task to here record the names of a host of others, who, 
 after acquitting themselves bravely on the field, survived to cn- 
 jo}^ the plaudits of a gratefnl people, but this would be beyond 
 the design and scope of the present work. 
 
 One of the most brilliant exploits of the War v/as the raid 
 from iNIemphis to Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in May, 1S63, led by 
 Col. B. H. Grierson, of the 6th Illinois Cavalry, in co-operation 
 with the 7th iinder coniniand of Col. Edward Prince. 
 
 An incident of a different character was the calling of a 
 convention to revise the State Constitution, and which nut at 
 Springfield, January 7, 1862. A majority of this body was 
 composed of those opposed to the war polic}- of the Government, 
 and a disposition to interfere with the affairs of the State admin- 
 istration and the General Government was soon manifLStcd, 
 which was resented by the executive and many of the soldiers in 
 the field. The convention adjourned March 24, and its \v(;rk 
 was submitted to vote of the ^people, June 17, 1.S62, when it was 
 rejected by a majorit}- of more than 16,000, not counting the 
 soldiers in the field who were permitted as a matter of policy to 
 vote upon it, but who were practically unanimous in opposition 
 to it. 
 
 A few days before this election (June 3, 1862), United vStates 
 Senator Stephen A. Douglas died, at the Tremont House in Chi- 
 cago, depriving the Democratic party of the State of its most 
 sagacioiis and patriotic adviser. 
 
 Another political incident of this period grew out of the 
 session of the General Assembly of 1S63. This body having 
 been elected on the tide of the political revulsion which followed 
 the issuance of President Lincoln's preliminar}^ Proclamation of 
 Emancipation, was Democratic in both branches. One of its 
 
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 ''consolic 
 
 been *'di 
 
 and the i 
 
 that its": 
 
 tion of tl 
 
 Proclanui 
 
 armistice 
 
 Coniniiss 
 
 a view t( 
 
 difference 
 
 attention 
 
 interest, ; 
 
 ordinary 
 
 Attl 
 
 date of a( 
 
 prerogati- 
 
 June lotl 
 
 stitutiona 
 
 withdrew, 
 
 minority 
 
ILLINOIS — UXUKR RKPUHLICAN RULE:. 
 
 lOI 
 
 first acts was the election of William A. Richardson United 
 States Senator, in place of O. H. Browning, who had been ap- 
 pointed b}' Governor Yates to the vacancy caused by the death 
 of Douglas. This Legislature early showed a tendency to follow 
 in the footsteps of the Constitutional Convention of 1.S62, by at- 
 tempting to cripple the State and General Governments in the 
 prosecution of the war. Resolutions on the subject of the war, 
 which the friends of the Union regarded as of a most mischievous 
 character, were introduced and passed in the House, but owing to 
 the death of a member on the majoritj' side, failed to pass the 
 Senate. These denounced the suspension of the writ of luiheas 
 corpus; condemned "tl.e attempted enforcement of compensated 
 emancipation" and "thi transportation of negroes into the 
 State;" accused the General Government of ''Usurpation," of 
 "subverting the Constitution" and attempting to establish a 
 "consolidated military despotism;" charged that the war had 
 been "diverted from its first avowed object to that of subjugation 
 and the abolition of slavery;" declared the belief of the authors 
 that its " further prosecution cannot result in the restora- 
 tion of the Union unless the President's Emancipation 
 
 Proclamation be vithdrawn ;" appealed to Congress to secure an 
 armistice with the rebel States, and closed by appointing six 
 Commissioners (who were named) to confer with Congress with 
 a view to the holding of a National Convention to adjust the 
 differences between the States. These measures occupied the 
 attention of tin Legislature to the exclusion of subjects of State 
 interest, so that little legislation was accomplished — not even the 
 ordinary appropriation bills being passed. 
 
 At this juncture, the two Houses having disagreed as to the 
 date of adjournment. Governor Yates exercised the constitutional 
 prerogative of proroguing them, which he did in a message on 
 Jnne loth, declaring them adjourned to the last day of their con- 
 stitutional term. The Republicans accepted the result and 
 withdrew, but the Democratic majority in the House and a 
 minority in the Senate continued in session for some days with- 
 
wmm 
 
 I02 
 
 THK WIIITK CITY — II.MNOIS. 
 
 out heinjj; able to transact any business except the filing of an 
 empty protest, when they adjourned to the first ^londay of Jan- 
 uary, 1H64. The excitement produced by this affair, in the 
 Legislature and throughout the State, was intense, but the ac- 
 tion of Governor Yates was sustained by the vSupreme Court and 
 the adjourned session was never held. The failure of the Leifis- 
 lature to make provision for the expenses of the State Govtrn- 
 ment and the relief of the soldiers in the field, made it necessary 
 for Governor Yates to accept that aid from the public-spirited 
 bankers and capitalists of the State which was never w.uilini; 
 when needed during this critical period. 
 
 Largely attended " peace conventions " were held during this 
 year, at Springfield on the .seventeenth of June and at Peoria iuvSi])- 
 teniber, at which resolutions opposing the "further offensive prose- 
 cution of the war" were adopted. An immense Union mass- 
 meeting was also held at Springfield on the third of vSep- 
 tember, which was addressed by leading \\'ar-Democrats. An 
 important incident of this meeting was the reading of the letter 
 from President Lincoln to Hon. James C. Conkling, in which hi- 
 defended his war policy and especially his Emancipation Prochi- 
 mation in a characteristically logical manner. 
 
 The year 1864 was full of exciting political and military 
 events. Among the former was the nomination of Gen. George 
 B. McClellan as the Democratic candidate for President, by a 
 convention held at Chicago, August 29tli, on a platform declaring 
 the war a "failure" as an "experiment" for restoring the Union, 
 and demanding a "cessation of ho.stilities " with a view to a con- 
 vention for the restoration of peace. Mr. Lincoln had been re- 
 nominated by the Republicans at Philadelphia, in June previons, 
 with Andrew Johnson for Vice-President. The leaders of the re- 
 spective State tickets were Gen. Richard J. Oglesby, on the part 
 of the Republicans, for Governor, with William Bross, for Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor, and James C. Robinson as the Democratic can- 
 didate for Governor. 
 
 For months rumors had been rife concerning a conspiracy 
 
ILLINOIS — UNDKR RKPUHLICAN RULH. 
 
 103 
 
 of libels from the South and their .sympathizers in the North, 
 to release the rebel prisoners eonfined in Camp Douglas, near 
 Chicago, and at Rock Island, Springfield and Alton — aggrega- 
 ting over 25,000 men. It was charged that the scheme was to l)e 
 put into effect simultaneously with the November election, but 
 the activity of the military authorities in arresting the leaders 
 jiul seizing their arms, defeated it. The investigations of a 
 niilitar}'' court before whom a number of the arrested parties 
 were tried, proved the existence of an extensive organization, 
 calling itself ''American Knights" or "Sons of Liberty," of 
 which a number of well-known ])oliticians in Illinois were 
 members. 
 
 At the November election Illinois gave a majority for Lin- 
 coln of 30,756, and for Oglesby, for Governor, of 33,675, with a • 
 proportionate majority for the rest c)f the ticket. Lincoln's 
 electoral vote was 212 to 21 for McClellan. 
 
 The ReDublicans had a decided majority in l)oth branches of 
 the Legislature of 1S65, and one of its earliest acts was the 
 election of Governor Yates, United States Senator, in place of 
 William A. Richard.son, who h;id been elected two years before 
 to the seat formerly held In^ Douglas. This was the last public 
 position held b}^ the popular Illinois "War Governor." Born in 
 Kentucky in 1S15 and educated at Illinois College, Jacksonville, 
 he had been three times elected to the lower House of the Gen- 
 eral Assembly (1842, 184]. and 1848); had served two .sessions in 
 Congress (1851 tcj 1855), and had been elected Governor in tS6u, 
 ser\ing through the most critical four years in the history of the 
 State. A splendid specimen of nuuihood ph3\sicall3', possessed 
 of great personal magnetism, andiitious, eloquent and patriotic, 
 there was no position to which, in the estinuition of his friends, 
 he might not fairly aspire. In spite of weaknesses which grew 
 upon him in his later 3'ears, biit M'liich no man deplored more 
 deeply than himself, during his official term no more popular 
 public servant ever occupied the executive chair — a fact demon- 
 strated b}^ the promptness with which, on retiring from it, he 
 
ro4 
 
 rm-; wiirri': cvvv — im.inois. 
 
 was elected to the I'tiitecl »Stiites Seiiute. His i)ers<)n;il .uul 
 l)()Htical Integrity was never questioned by his most 1)itter jMiIii- 
 ical opponents, while those who had known him loiiiL^^est and 
 most intimately, trusted him most implicitly. The service 
 which he performed in giving direction to the patriotic sentiiiuiit 
 of the State and in marshaling its heroic soldiers for the deft-use 
 of the Union, can never be overestimated. Retiring from his 
 seat in the Seupte in iiSji, the next two years were spent as a 
 private citizen at his home at Jacksonville, or in the discharge nf 
 some temporary duty for the Government. It was in this latter 
 capacity, as a eonnnissioner for the examination of a railroad, 
 that he visited Arkansas in the fall of 1^73. On his ntuni 
 from this mission he died suddenly at BarntMn's Hotel in tluiity 
 of St. Louis, November 27th. 
 
 Governor Oglesby and the other vState ofifieers were iuaitiju- 
 rated Januar}' 17th. Entering iipon its duties with a Legisla- 
 ture in full sympathy with it, the new administration was con- 
 fronted by no such difficulties as those with which its predecessor 
 had to contend. Its head, who had bee'i. identified with the war 
 from its beginning, was one of the first Illinoisans promoted to 
 the rank of Major-General, was personally popular and enjoyed 
 the confidence and respect of the people of the State. Gov. .Al- 
 len C. Fuller, who had retired from a position, on the circuit 
 bench to accept that of Adjutant-General, which he held during 
 the Last three years of the war, was Speaket of the House. This 
 Legislature was the first to ratify the Xlllth Amendment of the 
 National Constitution abolishing slavery, which it did in I'otl: 
 Houses, on the evening of February i, 1S65 — the same day tin: 
 resohition had been finally acted on b}- Congress and received 
 the sanction of the President. The odious "black laws," wliicii 
 had disgraced the State for twelve 3'ears, were wiped from thi- 
 statute-book at this session The Legislature adjourned after ;. 
 session of 46 days, leaving a record as creditable in the disposal 
 of business as that of its predecessor had been discreditable. 
 
 The war was now rapidly approaching a successful terniina- 
 
aui,ni- 
 
 S Cii'.l- 
 
 ccssor 
 le war 
 
 )lcd tf. 
 ovcd 
 . Al- 
 ircuit 
 uriiig 
 This 
 of the 
 
 ly the 
 ccivt:cl 
 whicli 
 )in the 
 after ■.-. 
 isposal 
 
^B 
 
 tion. Lee 
 1865, and 
 tivities tli 
 enthusiasr 
 Lincoln ai 
 assassinati 
 the evcnin 
 The appar 
 every corn 
 changed to 
 every part 
 dwellings i 
 States wei 
 Millions c 
 given their 
 Union, wep 
 tion nionrn 
 citizen, the 
 State and T 
 very zenitli 
 
 Then ( 
 W'ashingto 
 nessed sine 
 a conspicnc 
 most solem 
 sands, she : 
 Capital, the 
 
 The p 
 already bee 
 permit. It 
 the men of 
 patriotic se] 
 ters of the 
 organizatioi 
 health of th 
 
ILUNOIS — UNDER RKI'UBUCAN RULK. 
 
 TO5 
 
 tion. Lee had surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, April 9, 
 1865, and the people were celebrating this event with joyful fes- 
 tivities through all the loyal States, but nowliere with more 
 enthusiasm than in Illinois, the home of the two great leaders — 
 Lincoln and Grant. In the midst of these jubilations came the 
 assassination of President Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth, on 
 the evening of April 14, 1865, in Ford's Theatre, Washington. 
 The appalling :iews was borne on the wings of the telegraph to 
 every corner of the land, and instantly a nation in rejoicing was 
 changed to a nation in mourning. A pall of gloom hung over 
 every part of the land. Public buildings, business houses and 
 dwellings in ever^' city, village and hamlet throughout the loyal 
 States were draped with the insignia of a universal sorrow. 
 Millions of strong men and tender, patriotic women who had 
 given their husbands, sons and brothers for the defense of the 
 Union, wept as if overtaken b}' a great personal loss. If the Na- 
 tion mourned, much more did Illinois, at the taking off of its chief 
 citizen, the grandest character of the age, who had served both 
 State and Nation with such patriotic fidelit}-, and perished ir. the 
 very zenith of his fame and in the hour of his country's triumph. 
 
 Then came the sorrowful march of the funeral cortege from 
 Washington to Springfield — the most impressive spectacle wit- 
 nessed since the Day of the Crucifixion. In all this, Illinois bore 
 ;i conspicuous part, as on the fourth day of j\Iay, 1865, amid the 
 most solemn ceremonies and in the presence of sorrowing thou- 
 sands, she received to her bosom, near his old home at the State 
 Capital, the remains of the Great Liberator. 
 
 The part which Illinois played in the grear. struggle lias 
 already been dwelt upon as full)^ as the scope of this work will 
 permit. It only remains to be said that the patriotic service of 
 the men of the State was grandl}' supplemented by the equally 
 patriotic service of its -"vomen in " Soldiers Aid Societies," ''Sis- 
 ters of the Good Samaritan," "Needle Pickets" and in sanitary 
 organizations for the purpose of contributing to the comfort and 
 health of the soldiers in camp and in hospital, and in giving them 
 
KMauunuMHiwiH 
 
 1 06 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 ?:»«-* , 
 
 generous receptions on their return to their homes. The work 
 done b}' these organizations, and by individual nurses in the field, 
 illustrates one of the brightest pages in the history of the war. 
 
 The administration of Governor Oglesby was as peaceful 
 as it was prosperous. The chief political events of 1866 were 
 the election of Newton Bateman, State Superintendent of Public 
 Instruction, and Gen. Geo. \V. Smith, Treasurer, while Gen, 
 John A. Logan, as Representative from the State-at-large, re- 
 entered CoiiT-ress, from which he had retired in 1861 to enter the 
 Union army. His majority was unprecedented, reaching 55,9^7. 
 The Legislature of 1867 re-elected Judge Trumbull to the United 
 vStates Senate for a third term, his chief competitor in the Repub- 
 lican caucus being Gen. John ]\L Palmer. The XlVth Amend- 
 ment to the National Constitution, conferring citizenship upon 
 persons of color, was ratified b}^ this Legislature. 
 
 The Republican State Convention of 1868, held at Peoria, 
 JMa}' 6th, noniinated the following ticket: For Governor, John 
 ]VI. Palmer; Lieutenant-Governor, John Dougherty; Secretary of 
 State, Edward Rummell; Auditor, Charles E. Lippincott; State 
 Treasurer, Erastus N. Bates; Attorney-General, Washington 
 Bushnell. John R. Eden, afterward a member of Congress for 
 three terms, headed the Democratic ticket as candidate for Gov- 
 ernor, Avith William H. Van Epps for Lieutenant-Governor. 
 
 The Republican National Convention was held at Chicago, 
 ]\Lay 2ist, nominating U. S. Grant for President, and Schuyler 
 Colfax for Mce-President. They were opposed b}' Horatio vSev- 
 mour, for President, and F. P. Blair for Vice-President. The re- 
 sult in November was the election of Grant and Colfax, who re- 
 ceived 214 electoral votes from 26 States, to So electoral votes 
 for Seymour and Blair from eight States — tl;ree States not 
 voting. Grant's majority in Illinois was 51,150. Of course the 
 Republican State ticket was elected. The Legislature elected at 
 the same time consisted of eighteen Republicans to nine Demo- 
 crats in the Senate and fifty-eight Republicans to twenty-seven 
 Democrats in the House. 
 
CHAPTER XI. 
 
 REPl'BLICAN ADMINISTRATIONS, CONTINUED. 
 
 UXDHR THK CONSTITUTION OF 187O — FROM PALMKR TO FIFER 
 — THK CHICAGO FIRK — SKF:TCHES OF E;mINP:NT men — PAL- 
 MER, OGLESHY, CUELOM, LOGAN, FIFER, ETC. — NA- 
 TIONAL CONVENTIOX.S IN CHICAGO — POLITICAL REiV- 
 OLITION OF 1S92 — GOXERNOR ALTGELD. 
 
 0\'ERNOR PALMER'S administration began 
 auspiciously, at a time when the passions aroused 
 by the war were siibsiding and the State was re- 
 covering its normal prosperity. Leading events 
 of the next four years were the adoption of a new 
 *^7^ State Constitution and the Chicago fire. The 
 first steps in legislation looking to the control of 
 railroads, were taken at the session of 1869, and although a 
 stringent law on the subject passe both Houses, it was vetoed by 
 the Governor. A milder measure was afterward enacted, and 
 although superseded b}' the Constitution of 1870, it furnished 
 the key-note for much of the legislation since had on the 
 subject. 
 
 The celebrated "Lake Front Bill," conveying to the citj^ of 
 Chicago and the Illinois Central Railroad the title of the State to 
 certain lands included in what was known as the "Lake Front 
 Park," was passed, and although vetoed by the Governor, was re- 
 enacted over his veto. This act was finally repealed by the Legis- 
 lature of 1873, and after many years of litigation, the rights 
 claimed under it by the Illinois Central Railroad Compan}' have 
 
 Illinois. 
 
 lOT 
 
io8 
 
 THE WHITE CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 been recently declared void by the Supreme Court of the United 
 States. 
 
 The Fifteenth Amendment of the National Constitution, 
 prohibiting the denial of the right of suffrage to *' citizens of the 
 United States on account of race, color or previous con- 
 dition of servitude," was ratified b}- a strictly party vote in each 
 House, on March 5th. 
 
 The first step toward the erection of a new State Capitol at 
 Springfield had been taken in an appropriation of $450,000 at tlic 
 session of 1867, the total cost being limited to $3,000,000. A 
 second appropriation of $650,000 was made at the session of i S6q. 
 The Constitution of 1870 limited the cost to $3,500,000, but an 
 act passed by the Legislature of 1883, making a final appropria- 
 tion of $531,712 for completing and furnishing the building, was 
 ratified by the people in 1884. The original cost of the building 
 and its furniture exceeded $4,000,000. 
 
 The State Convention for framing a new Constitution met 
 at Springfield, December 13, 1869. It consisted of eighty-fiw 
 members — forty-four Republicans and fort3'-one Democrats. A 
 number classed as Republicans, however, were elected as " Inde- 
 pendents " and co-operated with the Democrats in the organiza- 
 tion. Among the prominent members were William J. Allen, 
 W. B. Anderson, George W. Wall, Silas L. Bryan, W. H. Sny- 
 der, W. H. Underwood, John Scholfield, Milton Hay, O. H, 
 Browning, O. C Skinner, A. M. Craig, L. W. Ross, R. M. 
 Benjamin, Clifton H. Moore, H. P. H. Bromwell, L. D. Whiting, 
 John Dement, Jesse S. Hildrup, Lawrence S. Church, Thomas 
 J. Turner, W^illiam Carey and H. H. Cod}-. The delegates fruiii 
 Cook County were Joseph Medill, John C. Haines, S. Snowdcii 
 Hayes, W. C. Coolbaugh, Charles Hitchcock, Elliott Anthony 
 and Daniel Cameron. '•' Charles Hitchcock was elected President. 
 The convention terminated its labors May 13, 1870; the Consti- 
 tution was ratified by vote of the people July 2d, and went into 
 
 *As to occupations, there were firty-three lawyers, fourteen fanners, thirteen "''*f' 
 chants, bankers ami traders ; four physicians and one editor. 
 
ILLINOIS — REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 109 
 
 effect Augitst 8, 1870. A special provision establishing the 
 principle of "minority representation" in the election of Repre- 
 sentatives in the General Assembly, was adopted by a smaller 
 vote than the main instrnmcnt. A leading featnre of the latter 
 was the general restriction npon special legislation and the 
 enumeration of a large variety of snbjects to be provided for nn- 
 der general laws. It la".d the basis of onr present railroad and 
 warehouse laws ; declared the inviolability of the Illinois Central 
 Railroad tax; prohibited the sale or lease of the Illinois and 
 Michigan Canal without a vote of the people; prohibited munici- 
 palities from becoming subscribers to the stock of any railroad or 
 private corporation; limited the rate of taxation and amount of 
 indebtedness to be incurred ; required the enactment of laws for 
 the protection of miners, etc. The restriction in the old Consti- 
 tution against the re-election of a Governor as his own immediate 
 successor, was removed, but placed upon the office of State Treas- 
 urer. The Legislature consists of two hundred and four mem- 
 bers — fifty-one Senators and one hundred fifty -three Representa- 
 tives — one Senator and three Representatives being chosen from 
 each District. 
 
 At the election of 1870, General Logon was re-elected Con- 
 grcssman-at-large by 24,672 majority ; Gen. E. N. Bates, Treas- 
 urer and Newton Bateman, State Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction. 
 
 The Twenty-seventh General Assembly (1871), in its vari- 
 ous sessions, spent more time in legislation than any other in the 
 history of the State — a fact to be accounted for, in part, l:)y the 
 Chicago Fire and the extensive revision of the laws required in 
 consequence of the adoption of the new Constitution. Besides 
 the regular session, there were two special, or called, sessions 
 and an adjourned session, covering in all a period of 292 days. 
 This Legislature adopted the system of " State control " in the 
 mauagement of the labor and discipline of the convicts of the 
 State penitentiarj', which was strongly urged by Governor Pal- 
 mer in a special message. General Logan having been elected 
 
no 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 United States Senator at this session, Gen. John L. Bcveridge 
 was elected to the vacant position of Congressnian-at-large at a 
 special election held October 4tli. 
 
 The calaniitons fire at Chicago, October 8-9, 187 1, though 
 belonging rather to local than to general State histor}-, excited 
 the profound sj-mpath}-, not only of the people of the State ;uul 
 the Nation, bnt of the civili/ed Avorld. The area bnrned over, iii- 
 clnding streets, covered 2,124 acres, with 13,500 bnildings out of 
 18,000, leaving 92,000 persons homeless. The loss of life iscsti- 
 niated at two hundred and fift}-, and of property at ?f;i87,927,ooo.''' 
 Governor Palmer called the Legislature together in special ses- 
 sion to act upon the emergency, October 13th, but as the State- 
 was precluded from affording direct aid, the plan was adopted of 
 re-imbursing the cit}' for the amount it had expended in the en- 
 largement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, anionntnig tu 
 ^2,955,340. The unfortunate shooting of a citizen b}' a cadet in a 
 legiment of Ignited States troops organized for guard duty, led 
 to some controversy between Governor Palmer, on one side, and 
 the IMayor of Chicago and the militar}' authorities, includiiitj 
 President Grant, on the other ; but the general verdict was, that, 
 while nice distinctions between civil and military authority may 
 not have been observed, the service rendered by the military, in 
 a great emergency, was of the highest value and was prompted 
 by the best of intentions. 
 
 The political campaign of 1872 in Illinois resulted in much 
 confusion and a partial reorganization of parties. Dissatisfied 
 with the administration of President Grant, a number of the 
 State officers (including Governor Palmer) and other prominent 
 Republicans of the State, joined in what was called the "Liberal 
 Republican " movement, and supported Horace Greeley for the 
 Presidency. Ex-Governor Oglesby again became the standard- 
 bearer of the Republicans for Governor, with Gen. John L. Bev- 
 eridge for Lieutenant-Governor, x^t the November election, the 
 Grant and Wilson electors received 241,944 to 184,938 for 
 
 *Moses' History of Illinois. 
 
line 11 
 istied 
 
 thf 
 ineiit 
 iberal 
 
 the 
 idard- 
 
 Bev- 
 n, the 
 S for 
 
mmssm 
 
 Greeley, 
 Govcrnc 
 
 tion. V 
 
 by a leg 
 
 succeed ^ 
 
 gate of I 
 
 was sup] 
 
 three pn 
 
 becauie ( 
 
 was a 11 
 
 boru in ] 
 
 Kalb Cc 
 
 Acadeni} 
 
 Mt. Mor: 
 
 cruited a 
 
 early in 
 
 Major; 1 
 
 niissione( 
 
 General ; 
 
 elected tc 
 
 Congress 
 
 Lieutena 
 
 able trick 
 
 successfu 
 
 clean and 
 
 ship, he 
 
 Chicago, 
 
 The 
 
 Rc])ublicj 
 
 though T 
 
 Trcasurei 
 
 bination c 
 
 time elect 
 
 a majority 
 
ILLINOIS — RHI'UHLICAX ADMINLSTRATIOXS. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Greeley, and 3,138 for O'Couor. The plurality for Oglesby, for 
 Governor, was 40,690. 
 
 Governor Ojrlesby's second administration was of brief dura- 
 tion. Within a week after his inauguration he was nominated 
 by a legislative caucus of his party for United States Senator to 
 succeed Judge Trumbull, and was elected, receiving an aggre- 
 gate of 117 votes in the two Houses against 78 for Trumbull, who 
 Avas supported by the party whose candidates he had defeated at 
 three previous elections, Lieutenant-Governor Beveridge thus 
 became Governor, filling out the unexpired term of his chief. He 
 was a native of Washington County, New York, where he was 
 born in 1824; he emigrated to Illinois in 1842, settling in De 
 Kalb County; received an academic education at Granville 
 Acadcmj', in Putnam County, and at Rock River Seminary, at 
 Mt. Morris; taught school and studied law in Tennessee; re- 
 cruited a company for the Eighth Regiment Illinois Cavalry 
 early in the war, afterward being promoted to the position of 
 Major; later organized the Seventeenth Cavalry and was com- 
 missioned its Colonel, retiring with the rank of brevet Brigadier- 
 General; afterward served as sheriff of Cook County; was 
 elected to the State Senate ; thence promoted to the position of 
 Congressman-at-large, which he resigned to assume the duties of 
 Lieutenant-Governor. While never resorting to the question- 
 able tricks of the mere politician, few men have had a more 
 successful political career. His administration was high-minded, 
 clean and honorable. After his retirement fi'om the Governor- 
 ship, he was appointed Assistant United States Treasurer at 
 Chicago, serving four j'ears. 
 
 The election of 1874 resulted in the first serious reverse the 
 Republican party had experienced in Illinois since 1862. Al- 
 though Thomas S. Ridgway, the Republican candidate for State 
 Treasurer, was elected by a plurality of nearly 35,000, by a com- 
 bination of the opposition, S. M. Etter (Fusion) was at the same 
 time elected State Superintendent, while the Fusionists secured 
 a majority in each House of the General Assembl}'. After a 
 
II 
 
 TlIK WIIITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 i ili 
 
 protracted contest, E. M. Haines, who liacl been a Democrat, a 
 RL-publican, and had been elected to this Legislature as an "Iii- 
 dt pendent," was elected Speaker of the I louse over Shelby M. 
 Culloni, and A. A. Glenn (Democrat) was chosen President of 
 the Senate, thus becoming cx-ojficio Lieutenant-Governor. The 
 session which followed — especiall}- in the House — was one of the 
 most turbulent and disorderly in the liistor}- of the State, coniing 
 to a termination April 15th, after having enacted very few laws 
 of any importance. 
 
 Shelby M. Cullom was the candidate of the Republican 
 party for Governor in 1S76, with the late Rutherford B. Hayes 
 heading the National ticket. The excite p' nt which attended 
 the campaign, the closeness of the vote bei\,een the two Pres- 
 idential candidates — Hayes and Tilden — and the deterniinaiion 
 of the result through the medium of an Electoral Commission, 
 are fresh in the memory of the present generation. In Illinois 
 the Republican plnralit}^ for President was 19,631, but owing to 
 the combination of the Democratic and Greenback vote on Lewis 
 Steward for Governor, the majority for Cullom was reduced to 
 6,798. The other State officers elected were: Andrew Shmiian, 
 Lieutenant-Governor; George H. Harlow, Secretary of State; 
 Thomas B. Needles, Auditor; Edward Rutz, Treasurer, and 
 J. K. Edsall, Attorney-General. Each of these had pluralities 
 exceeding 20,000, except Needles, who, having a single compet- 
 itor, had a smaller majority than Cullom. The New State 
 House was occupied for the first time by the State officers and 
 the Legislature chosen at this time. Although the Republicans 
 had a majority in the House, the Independents held the "bal- 
 ance of power" in joint session of the General Assembly. Af- 
 ter a stubborn and protracted struggle in the effort to cho(ise a 
 United States Senator to succeed Senator John A. Logan, David 
 Davis, of Bloomington, was elected on the fortieth ballot. 
 
 Davis was born in Cecil County, Maryland, March 9, 1^15; 
 graduated at Kenyon College, Ohio, in 1832; studied law in 
 Massachusetts and removed to McLean County, Illinois, in 1385; 
 
IIJJXOIS — RKI'UnLICAN ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 113 
 
 was a member of the Fourteenth Oeiieral Assembly (1.S4;) ;iii(i 
 tilt Constitutional Convention of 1*^47 ; held the office of Judj^c 
 c{ the circuit court from 1S43 to iS6t, beinjj^ elected three times. 
 He had been a Whig and a Avarni pers(mal friend of Lincoln, by 
 whom he was appointed .Associate Justice of the Supreme Court 
 of the United States in 1862. His election to the vSeuate by the 
 Democrats and Independents led to his retirement from the vSu- 
 prcnie bench, thus preventing his appointment on the Electoral 
 Coimnission of 1877 — a circumstance which, in the opinion of 
 many, may have had an important bearing upon the decision of 
 tiiat tribunal. Tn the latter part of his term he served as Pres- 
 ident />/v> tempore of the Senate, and more frequently acted with 
 the Republicans than with their opponents. He supported 
 Blaine and Logan for President and Vice-President, in 1884, 
 His death occurred at his home at Bloomington, June 26, 1886. 
 
 The extensive railroad strike, in July, 1877, caused wide- 
 spread demoralization of business, especially in the railroad cen- 
 tres of the State and throughout the country generally. The 
 newly organized National Guard was called out and rendered 
 valnable .service in restoring order. Governor Culhnn's action in 
 the premises was prompt and has generall}- been commended as 
 eminently wise and discreet. 
 
 Four sets of candidates were in the field for the offices of 
 State Treasurer and Superintendent of Public Instruction in 
 1S78 — Republican, Democratic, Grf^enback and Prohibition. The 
 Republicans were successful. Gen. John C Smith being elected 
 Treasurer, and James P. Slade, Superintendent, by pluralities 
 averaging about 35,000. The same part}' also elected eleven out 
 of nineteen members of Congress and, for the first time in six 
 years, secured a majority in each branch of the General Assem- 
 bly. At the .session of this Legislature, in January following, 
 John A. Logan was elected to the United vStates Senate as suc- 
 cessor to R. J. Oglesby, whose term expired in March follow- 
 ing. Col. William A. James, of Lake County, served as Speaker 
 of the House at this session. 
 
"iBT liilgMMI 
 
 I I 
 
 Till", WIiriM', I'lTN — II,I,I\(»IS. 
 
 T\w politicjil canipai^Mi of iSSo is nicniorablc for tht; (K ur- 
 mined struj^JL^k' niadc by Geiifral lyojj^au and others to sccuri.' lliu 
 nomination of General Grant for President for a tliird term. 
 The Republican State Convention, be,ninnin^ at Sprin}4ti(.l(l, 
 May iqth, lasted three days, endinj^' in instrnctions in favor of 
 General Grant by a vote of ;>gg tt) 2S5. These were nullifird, 
 however, by the action of the National Convention two weeks 
 later. Governor Cullom was rencmiinated for Governor, Jt)hn M. 
 Hamilton, for Lientenant-Govcrnor ; Henry D. Dement, for Sic- 
 retary of vState; Charles P. vSwijj^ert, for Auditor; lulward Rutz, 
 for Treasurer, and James McCartney, for Attorney-General. Ivx- 
 Senator Trumbull headed the Democratic ticket as its candidate 
 for Governor, with (icneral L. H. Parsons for Lieutenant-Gov- 
 ernor. 
 
 The Republican National Convention met in Chicaji^o, Juiu 
 2d. After thirty-six ballots, in which 306 dele.ijates stood mi 
 wavcriui^ly by General Grant, James A. Garfield, of Ohio, was 
 nominated with Chester A. .\rthur, of New York, for Vice-Pres- 
 ident. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock was the Democratic candi- 
 date and Gen. James B. Weaver, the Greenback nominee. In 
 Illinois, 622,156 votes were cast, Garfield receivinj.^ a plurality ot 
 40,716. The entire Republican State ticket was elected by 
 nearl}'' the same pluralities, and the Republicans aj^ain had deci- 
 sive majorities in both branches of the Le<i^islature. 
 
 No startlinji;- events occurred during Go\crnor CuUom's sec- 
 on<] term. The State continued to increase in wealth, population 
 and prosperit3% and the heavy debt, by which it had been Imi- 
 dened thirty years before, was practically " wiped out." 
 
 Gen. Horace H. Thomas, of Chicago, was Speaker of tlic 
 House at the session of 1S81. At the election of 1SS2, ('.cu. 
 John C. Smith, who had been elected State Treasurer in 1S7S, 
 was re-elected for a second term, over Alfred Orendorff, while 
 Charles T. Strattan, the Republican candidate for State Superin- 
 tendent of Public Instruction, was defeated by Henry Raai). 
 The Republicans again had a majority in each House of the 
 
Cartkr H. Harrisdx. 
 
 ,iiile 
 
 the 
 
wum 
 
 General 
 C. ColHii 
 In t 
 this sess: 
 Duvid D 
 vote. L: 
 nearly in 
 Like 
 chair, Ci 
 \\'a\-ne ( 
 Richard 
 well Com 
 son spent 
 years of ■ 
 Vvhile devi 
 office of w 
 niitted to 
 was elect 
 County ii 
 of the He 
 comniissic 
 setts, and 
 claims at ' 
 his first 
 elected in 
 Represent 
 Assembly 
 until his 
 election in 
 the Unitec 
 ing his s€ 
 cious polit 
 for office. 
 John 
 Illinois po' 
 
ILLINOIS — REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 115 
 
 General Asseniblj', amounting to twelve on joint ballot. Lorcn 
 C. Collins was elected Speaker of the House. 
 
 In the election of United States Senator, which occurred at 
 this session, Governor Culloni was chosen as the successor to 
 Diivid Davis, Gen. John M. Palmer receiving the Democratic 
 vote. Lieut. -Gov. John AI. Hamilton thus became Governor, 
 iiearlv in the middle of his term. 
 
 Like his three immediate predecessors in the executive 
 chair, Cullom is a native of Kentucky, born at Monticello, 
 Wayne County, in that State, November 22, i<S29. His father, 
 Richard N. Cullom, came to Illinois in 1831, settling in Taze- 
 well County, and served several terms in the Legislature. The 
 son spent his boyhood on the farm, after which he received two 
 years of training in Rock River Seminary at Mt. Morris, mean- 
 while devoting some time to teaching; in 1853 he entered the law 
 office of Stuart and Edwards at Springfield as a student; was ad- 
 mitted to the bar in 1855, and soon after elected City Attorney ; 
 was elected to the House of Representatives from Sanga-noi: 
 County in 1856, and again in i860, when he was chosen -peaker 
 of the House ; was appointed by President Lincoln, i- • . •. 
 commission, in conjuncticm with Geo. S. Boutwell, . "• -:•; ' 
 setts, and Charles A. Dana, of New York, to look i ^eitain 
 claims at Cairo, growing out of the war. In 1864 he received 
 liis first nomination for Congress and was elected ; being re- 
 elected in 1866 and again 1868. In 1872 he was again elected 
 Representative, serving in the famous Twenty-ninth General 
 Assembly, which was the last official position held by him 
 until his election as Governor in 1876, followed by his re- 
 election in 1880. In 1889 he was re-elected his own succesor in 
 the I'nited States Senate, over John M. Palmer, and is now serv- 
 ing his second term. He is recognized as an astute and saga- 
 cious politician, and has seldom been defeated when a candidate 
 for office. 
 
 John M. Hamilton belongs to the younger generation of 
 Illinois politicians, having been born in Union County, Ohio, 
 
"°>'Miai£8mimiiSti3ltlg 
 
 scss 
 
 ii6 
 
 TIIK WIIITK CITY — ILIJXKXS. 
 
 May 28, 1847. His father came to Marshall County, Illinois, in 
 1854, and at the age of seventeen young Hamilton enlisted in the 
 141st Illinois Volunteers. He was graduated at the Ohio \\ Cs- 
 leyan University in 1868, and engaged in teaching at Henry. 
 Illinois, but was soon appointed a professor of languages in the 
 Illinois Weslej-an University at Bloomington. He was admitted 
 to the bar in 1870; elected to the State Senate from McL«^an 
 County in 1876, and in 1880 was nominated and elected Lieuten- 
 ant-Governor, becoming Governor two years later. 
 
 The "Harper High I/icense Law," e^ acted by the Thirty- 
 third General Assembly (1883), has become one of the perma- 
 nent features of the Illinois statutes for the control of the liciuor 
 traffic, and has been more or less closely copied in other States". 
 
 In 1884, Gen. R. J. Oglesby again became the choice of the 
 Republican party for Governor, receiving at Ptoria the conspic- 
 uous compliment of a nomination for a third term, by acclama- 
 tion. Carter H. Harrison was the candidate ot the Democrats. 
 
 The Republican National Convention was again held in 
 Chicago, meeting June 3, 1884; Gen. John A. Logan was the 
 choice of the Illinois Republicans for President, and was pnt 
 in nomination in the Convention by Senator Cullom. The 
 choice of the Convention, however, fell upon James G. Blaine on 
 the fourth ballot, his leading competitor being President Arthur. 
 Logan was then nom'nated for \'ice-President by acclamation. 
 
 At the election in November the Republican party met its 
 first reverse on the National battlefield since 1856, Grover Cleve- 
 land and Thomas A. Hendricks, the Democratic candidates, be- 
 ing elected President and Vice-President by the narrow margin 
 of less than 1,200 votes in the State of New York. The result 
 was in doubt for several days, and the excitement throughont the 
 country was scarcely less than it had been in the close elcLtioii 
 of 1876. The Greenback and Prohibition parties both had tick- 
 ets in Illinois, polling a total of nearly 23,000 votes. The plu- 
 
 *r()r ail extfiidiMl history of temperance legislation in tlie .State, .see " Moses' History 
 of Illinois," pp. .S82-.S92. 
 
ILLINOIS — RKrri'.LICAN ADMIXISTKATIUXS. 
 
 117 
 
 rality in the State for Blaine was 25,118. The Repul)lican State 
 officers elected were R. J. Oglesby, Governor; John C. Smith, 
 Lieutenant-Governor; Henry D. Dement, Secretary of State; 
 Charles P. Swigert, Anditor; Frederick Becker, State Treasnrer; 
 and George Hnnt, Attorney-General — receiving plnralities rang- 
 ing from 14,000 to 25,000. 
 
 An incident of this election was the frandulent attempt to 
 seat Rndolph Brand (Democrat) as Senator in place of Henry 
 \V. Lenian, in the Sixth Senatorial District of Cook Connty. 
 The fraud was exposed and Joseph C. Mackin, one of its alleged 
 perpetrators, was sentenced to the penitentiary for four j'ears for 
 perjury growing out of the investigation. A motive for this at- 
 tempted fraud was found in the close vote in the Legislature for 
 United States Senator — Senator Logan being a candidate for re- 
 election, while the Legislature stood 102 Republicans to lOO 
 Democrats and two Greenbackers on joint ballot, A tedious 
 contest on the election of Speaker of the House finally resulted 
 in the success of E. AI. Haines. Pending the struggle over the 
 Scnatorship, two seats in the House and one in the Senate were 
 rendered vacant by death — the deceased Senator and one of the 
 Representatives being Democrats, and the other Representative 
 a Republican. The special election for Senator resulted in fill- 
 ing the vacancy with a new member of the same political faith 
 as his predecessor; but both vacancies in the House were filled 
 by Republicans. This gave the Republicans a majority in each 
 House and the re-election of Logan followed, though not until 
 two months had been consumed in the contest •'. 
 
 Logan was one of the few men prominent in State politics 
 who was a native of Illinois, having been born at MurpliN'sboro, 
 February 9, 1826. At the age of twenty-one he enlisted in the 
 
 'The result was brou'jlit .ilKuit by the election of Cajit. \\ illiaiii H. Weaver, 
 Representative from tlie Thirty-foiirtli District (composed of iSIason, Menard, Cass and 
 Silunler Counties) over the DeiiKicralic candidate, to fill the vacancy caused by the death 
 of Re])resentative J. Henrv Shaw, iJiinocrat. Tiiis was accomplished by what is called a 
 "siillliunl" on the part of the Republicans, in which the Democrats were taken by sur- 
 prise. It furnished the sensation not only of the session, l)ut of special elections gener- 
 ally, especially as every county in the District was strongly Democratic. 
 
ii8 
 
 Till'; WHITE ClTY--ir,MXOIS. 
 
 Mexican war as a member of the Fifth regiment, Illinois X'ohui 
 teers, becoming second lientcnant of his compan}-. RetnniiiiL; 
 home he began the stnd}' of law with his uncle, ex-Lieut.-Gov. 
 Alex. M. Jenkins; was elected Connty Clerk; served in tlie 
 lyCgislature two terms (the i8th and 20th), and was then elected 
 to the Thirty-sixth and Thirt3'-seventli Congresses from the 
 Southern District of the State. Previous to the war he was a 
 zealous Democrat, but having entered into the struggle for the 
 preservation of the Union he was ever after as earnest a Repuh- 
 lican. He entered the field as Colonel of the Thirt3--first Illi- 
 nois, was severel}' wounded at Fort Donelson, and rapidly pro- 
 moted, retiring at the clo.se of the war with the rank of Major- 
 General. He was three times elected Congressman from the 
 State-at-large, and before the close of his last term was elected to 
 the United States Senate as successor to Richard Yates; was 
 again elected to the Senate in 1879 as successor to Oglesby, and 
 was re-elected his own successor in 1S85, also being the Repub- 
 lican candidate for \'ice-President in 1884. He died in office, De- 
 cember 26, 1886. He was as brilliant and aggressive a political 
 leader as he had been a soldier in the field. 
 
 Gov. R. J. Oglesby was a native of Kentucky, being Ijorn 
 in Oldham County, July 25, 1824. ^^ came to Illinois in 1S36 
 and in his boyhood pursued the carpenter's trade, but afterward 
 studied law and was admitted to the bar in Moultrie County. He 
 was a soldier in the Mexican War, serving as First Lieutenant 
 in Company C, of Col. E. D. Baker's regiment; was a candidate 
 for Presidential Kleclor on tlic Whig ticket in 1852, and an nn- 
 successful candidate for Congress, from the Decatur District, in 
 1858. In i860 he was elected to the State vSenate, and was one of 
 the first to enlist in the Union army in 1861, being commissioned 
 Colonel of the Eighth Regiment, Illinois X'oluiiteers, for both t^'e 
 three months' and the three years' service. At the battle of C >.. 
 inth he was shot through the left lung and was suppoj-" to be 
 fatally wornded: became a Major-General in November, 1861. 
 but resigned in 1864 on account of physical disability. Hi.s 
 

 ''i 
 
 1)1' Sfl 
 
 16 1. 
 
 I 
 
 .*■■.: 
 
 C)o\. John- P. Altgkld. 
 
- A. LIJW 
 
 electior 
 
 States ^ 
 
 term as 
 
 man in 
 
 for a til 
 
 larity. 
 
 ai^ricult 
 
 incut of 
 
 of all p; 
 
 Tlr 
 
 term, \v< 
 
 in ]\Ia}', 
 
 April, I. 
 
 in Nove; 
 
 ont and 
 
 been kil 
 
 had lost 
 
 Att 
 
 Edwards 
 
 urev and 
 
 plnralit) 
 
 In t 
 
 1SS7, the 
 
 B, P'arwcl 
 
 Gtn. Joh 
 
 County ( 
 
 Board of 
 
 nu^t wid 
 
 \ . Farvve 
 
 very effi( 
 
 Committe 
 
 The 
 
 less bitte 
 
 Joseph \) 
 
 Palmer w 
 
IL,UNOIS — Rp;PUBLICAN' ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 119 
 
 election to the Governorship in the latter year, and to the United 
 States Senate in 1873, jnst as he was entering npon his second 
 term as Governor, have already been referred to. He is the only 
 mail in the history of the State who has been elected Governor 
 for a third term — a fact which illnstrates his great personal popn- 
 larity. He is now spending the evening of his days engaged in 
 agricnltnral pnrsnits near Elkhart, Logan Connty, in the enjo}'- 
 iiiciit of well-earned comfort and the respect of his fellow-citizens 
 of all parties. 
 
 The only distnrbing event dnring Governor Oglesby's third 
 term, were strikes among the quarrymen at Joliet and Lemont. 
 in May, 1885 ; by the railroad switchmen at East St. Louis, in 
 April, 18S6, and among the employes at the Union Stocl- Arirds, 
 in November of the same year. In each case troops weie called 
 ont and order finally restored, but not until several persons had 
 been killed in the two former, and both strikers and employers 
 had lost heavily in the interruption of business. 
 
 At the election of 1886, John R. Tanner and Dr. Richard 
 Edwards (Republicans) were respectively elected State Treas- 
 urer and State Superintendent of Public Instruction, by 34,816 
 plurality for the former and 29,928 for the latter 
 
 In the Thirty-fiftI General Assmbly, which met January, 
 1887, the Republicans had a majority in each House, and Charles 
 B. F'arwell was elected to the United States Senate in place of 
 Gen. John A. Logan, deceased. Farwell had served two terms as 
 County Clerk of Cook County, one term as member of the State 
 Board of Equalization, and three terms in Congress, but was 
 most widely known as a successful merchant of the firm of John 
 \'. Farwell & Co. For a number of years he served his party 
 very efficiently as Chairman of the Republican State Central 
 Ciimmittee. 
 
 The political campaign of t8S8 was a spirfnd one, thouj^li 
 less bitter than the one of four 3'ears previous. Ex-Senator 
 j:,s, ], W. Fifer, of McLean •County, and Ex-Gov. John M. 
 Palmer were pitted against each other as opposing candidates 
 
I20 
 
 THK WHITH CITV — IM,IN(JIS. 
 
 for Governor. Prohibition and Labor tickets were also in the 
 field. The Republican National Convention was again held in 
 Chicago, Jnnc 20-25, resnlting in the nomination of Benjamin 
 Harrison for President, on the eighth ballot. The delegates fntni 
 Illinois, with two or three exceptions, voted steadily for JnUi^e 
 Walter Q. Greshani. Grover Cleveland headed the Democratic 
 ticket as a candidate for re-election. At the November election, 
 747,683 vofes were cast in Illinois, giving the Republican elec- 
 tors a plurality of 22,104. Fifer's plurality over Palmer was 
 12,547, ^"^^ ^^^^^ '^^ t^'i^ remainder of the Republican State ticket, 
 still larger. Those elected were L. B. Ray, Lieutenant-Governor; 
 Isaac N. Pearson, Secretary of vState; Gen. Charles W. Pavey, 
 .Auditor; Charles Becker, Treasurer, and (ieorge Hunt, Attor- 
 ney-General. The Republicans sectircd twenty-six majority on 
 joint ballot in the Legislature — the largest since 1881. Anionj^ 
 the acts of the Legislature of 18S9 were the re-election of Sena- 
 tor Culloni to tlie United States Senate, practically without a 
 contest; th.e revision of the compulsory education law, and the 
 enactment of the Chicago drainage law. .At a special session 
 held in 1890, the preliminary legislation bearing upon the hold- 
 ing of the World's Columbian H-vposition of 1893 in the cit}- of 
 Chicago, was luid. 
 
 The campaign of 1890 resulted in a defeat for the Repub- 
 licans on both the »State and legislative tickets. Kdward S. W il- 
 son was elected Treasurer by a plurality of 9,847 and Prof. 
 Henry Raab, who had been Superintendent of Public Instruction 
 between 1883 and 1887, was elected for a second term by 34,042. 
 Though lacking two of an absolute majority on joint ballot in tlie 
 Legislature, the Democrats were able, with the aid of two iiuni- 
 bers belonging to the Farmer's Alliance, after a prolonged and 
 exciting contest, to elect Ex-Gov. John M. Palmer, United States 
 Senator as succes-sor to C. B. Farwell. 
 
 Senator Palmer has been conspicuous in Illinois historv fur 
 nearly fifty years. Born in Kentaicky in 181 7, he came to Illi- 
 nois in 183 1, spent .some time in Shnrtleff College at Upper Alton; 
 
ILLINOIS — RKITIU.ICAX ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 121 
 
 tluii hccanic a teacher, and, after stiulyinjj^ liiw, was admitted to 
 the liar in 1S39. Tlie first offiee lie lield was that of Proliate 
 |n(l,!L;e of Macoupin County; he lu-xt ser\cd in the Constitu- 
 tional Convention of 1S47; was elected, as a Democrat, to the 
 State vSenate in 1S52 to fill a vacancy, and re-elected in 1S54 — 
 about the latter period takiujr a position against the Kansas- 
 Nebraska Act. This brought him in relation with the newly 
 organizing Republican party, and he was cho.sen to preside over 
 its first State Convention, held at Bloomington, in May, 1S56. 
 In 1S58 he was defeated as a candidate for Congress in the 
 Springfield District, by John A. McClernand; was a Republican 
 ik'ctor in 1868; served as a member of the Washington Peace 
 Conference of 1861; was soon after commissioned Colonel of the 
 Fourteenth Regiment Illinois Volunteers, proving himself a 
 brave soldier at Stone's River, Chicamauga and other battle- 
 tields, and being rapidly promoted to the rank of Major-General. 
 On account of a difference with General Sherman on a question 
 of precedence in rank he :,sked to be relieved of his command 
 before Atlanta, in 1864 ; was appointed by tlie President, in the 
 last year of the war, to the command of the military district of 
 Kentnck}', but tlnall}- resigned September i, 1S66. In 1S68 he 
 was nominated and elected by the Republicans, Governor of 
 Illinois. Near the close of his term he joined in the " Liberal 
 Republican" moveme'it of 1872, finally identif\'ing himself with 
 thr Democratic party. Besides making an unsuccessful race for 
 Governor in 1888, lie has repeatedly received the support of hi.'-- 
 parly for United States Senator, though his present place in the 
 vSenate is the first official position he has held since retiring from 
 tlic riovernorship. 
 
 Governor Fifer's, the last in a long succession of Republi- 
 can administrations, closed with the industrial and financial in- 
 terests of the State in a prosperous condition, the State out of 
 debt and .\ith an ample surplus in its treasury. Fifer was born 
 of German parentage at Stanton, Virginia, October 28, 1840, and 
 canu' to McLean County, Illinois, in 1857. Here he pursued 
 
122 
 
 riii'; wiirn-; cii'v — n.i ixois. 
 
 s;i 
 
 the ()Cfi:p;;li()ii of liis fiitlK-r, which was tliat of a f .riiicr iiid 
 brickhiycr. At the- brcakiu}^ out of the- war, having'- not \h, 
 reached his majority, he enlisted as a private in Coini)any C n 
 the Thirty-third Illinois X'olunteers, known as the Normal or 
 "School Teachers' Rejj^iment." In the assault at Jackson, Miss- 
 issipjii, in iS(:)3, a minie-ball passed entirely- thront,di his body 
 inflictin.u a wound at first considered mortal. After a loniL^- ton- 
 valescence he returned to his rejjjiment, reudcrin_i( faithful ser- 
 vice to the end of the period of his enlistment; he still suffers, 
 liowever, from the effect of his wound. After liis discharjj^e frnni 
 the army he entered the W'eslcyan l^niversity at Bloomin.^toii, 
 jjiraduatint^- in the class of 186S, and a year later was admitted to 
 the bar. Ha\in,i^ served successively iu the offices of corporaiimi 
 counsel of the city of Bloomington and of State's Attorney for Mc- 
 TvCan County, he was elected to the State »Senate, serving in lliu 
 Thirty-second and Thirty-third General Assemblies. Here lie 
 established a reputation as a speaker and le^^islator, as he had 
 already done as a prosecutor in the office of vState's Attorney, 
 laying the foundation of that popularity which secured for him 
 active friends throughout the State and resulted in his election r^ 
 Governor in 1888. He was nominated for re-election, with must 
 of the other State officers in 1892, but in the general revulsion 
 which swept over the country, was defeated. Governor Fifer \va^ 
 the first private soldier of the late war to be elevated to the exec 
 utive chair, but will probably not be the last. Since retiriiij,; 
 from office he has resumed the practice of his profession at 
 Bloomington. 
 
 The only new names on the Republican State ticket of 189.' 
 were those of Henr}- L. Hertz for Treasurer, and George \V. 
 Prince, of Galesburg, for Attorney-General — the latter in plocc 
 of George Hunt, who had acquitted himself with distingui.'^hed 
 ability through two terms. 
 
 The Democratic National Convention of 1892 was held at 
 Chicago, June 21-24, and that of the Republicans at Minneap- 
 olis; the former placing in nomination Grover Cleveland (or 
 

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ILLINOIS — RKPUBI.ICAX ADMINISTRATIONS. 
 
 123 
 
 the Presidency for a third time, with Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illi- 
 nois, for Vice-President ; the latter renominating President Har- 
 rison, with Whitclaw Reed, of New York, for the .second place. 
 Tlie Democratic vState ticket bore the names of John P. Altgeld, 
 of Cook Connty, for Governor; J. B. Gill, of Jackson, for Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor; William H. Hinrichsen, of Morgan, for Secre- 
 tary of State; David Gore, of Alaconpin, for Anditor; Rnfus N. 
 Ramsay, of Clinton, for Treasurer, and Maurice T. Moloney of 
 La vSalle, for Attorney-General ; it was elected by pluralities 
 ringing from 19,537 to '';,,^^o9. The plurality for the Cleveland 
 electors was 26,9^3, and that for Altgeld for Governor was 22,- 
 80S. The Prohibitionist and Populist parties cast a combined 
 vote in the State of over 47,000. Of the twent3--two Represent- 
 atives in Congress from the State, eleven are Republicans and 
 eleven Democrats, including among the latter, two Congressmen 
 from the State-at-large. The Thirty -eighth General Assembly 
 stands twenty-nine Democrats to twent3--two Republicans in the 
 Senate, and seventy-eight Democrats to seventj^-five Republicans 
 in the House. 
 
 Governor Altgeld, though new in State politics, is not with- 
 out positive opinions, and has enjoyed considerable local noto- 
 riet}'. He is the first foreign-born citizen who has ever been 
 elected Governor of Illinois. Born in Prussia about 1S48, he 
 Ccinie to America in boyhood, his father .settling in the vicinitj' of 
 Mansfield, Ohio, where he received such education as the com- 
 mon schools afforded. Early in 1S64 he enlisted as a substitute 
 in an Ohio regiment and saw some service in the operations 
 against Richmond. After the war he spent some time in a 
 select .school at Lexington, Ohio, still later dividing his time be- 
 tween teaching, study and farm work. About 1869 he went to 
 Alissouri, finally reaching Savannah in that State, where he en- 
 gaged in reading law and was admitted to the bar the next 3'ear. 
 In 1874 he was elected to his first office — that of pro.secuting at- 
 torney of Andrew County, Missouri — but resigned in the middle 
 of his term, removing to Chicago in the fall of 1875. In 1884 he 
 
124 
 
 THI', WHITI''. CITY — ILLIXOIS. 
 
 was a candidate for Congress on llie Democratic ticket in the 
 Third District, ])nt was defeated b}- the Hon. George E. Adams. 
 In I1SS5 lie was regarded as a possible candidate for United vStatcs 
 Senator, bnt in the following j-car was elected a Jndge of the 
 Snperior Coiirt. Besides attending to his duties as a Jndge, he 
 has been a somewhat prolific writer, especiall}' on economic and 
 punitive or reformatory policies. He also engaged in real estate 
 transactions in which he was very fortunate, accumulating a 
 large fortune in the course of ten or twelve years. This induced 
 him to resign his position on the bench and to look higher, 
 aspiring to the United States Senatorship i?i 1891, and finall\- to 
 the Governor , hip two years later. 
 
 
Board of Tradi., Chicaio 
 
BB 
 
 THRKI 
 MI- 
 
 lllillDi 
 
CHAPTRR XII. 
 
 THE HriLDINCx OF A vSTATK. 
 
 THRKK-QUARTKRS Ol-" A CP:nTURY UNDER Till-; .STATE GO\'ERN- 
 
 MENT — COMMON vSCHOOLS AND STATE INSTITUTIONS — 
 
 EARI-V NEWSPAPERS — INDUSTRIES — AGRICUETURE 
 
 — ILLINOIS COAL PRODUCTION — ILLINOIS AND 
 
 MICHIGAN CANAL — RAILROADS — 
 
 MANUFACTURES, E;TC. 
 
 EFORE the close of the year 1893, Illinois will 
 have completed the third quarter ceiitur}'' of its 
 existence as a State. With a history running 
 back two hundred years, to the time when Joliet 
 and La Salle, with their little bands of Canadian 
 7'oyagcitrs, first entered its wilds, and Marquette, 
 Allouez and Gravier founded their missions 
 among the Indian tribes on the Upper Illinois, the 
 area of its greatest development is comprised within 
 these seventy-five years of State history. The preceding huti- 
 dred and twenty-five years coiistitu^^ed a period of exploration 
 and investigation with imperfect and inadequate agencies, in 
 which the transition from savagery to civilization was sometimes 
 so slow and gradual that it was often doubtful whether there was 
 real progress, and when the elements of both were so intermin- 
 gled that it was hard to find the dividing line where heathen 
 barbarism ended and Christian enlightment began. And yet, 
 as in all new countries, there has been no period so full of stir- 
 ring incidents and of romantic, even tragic interest, as that in 
 
 llliiioiN 
 
 VS> 
 
^mmmmm^ 
 
 126 
 
 Till'; WHITH CITY 
 
 II.MNOIS. 
 
 which the "Couiitiy of the Illinois" was being won from its 
 aboriginal proprietors and prepared to become the home of Mk' 
 four millions of people who occipy its soil to-du}'. 
 
 It will be the object of this chapter to note some of the 
 changes which have been wronght npon the conntry in the pe- 
 riod named, and to point ont some of the agencies by which 
 these rcsnlts have been achieved. In the first place, Illinois 
 ewes its Avonderfnl development, for the first fifty 3'ears after its 
 organization as a Territory, to the remarkable foresight and 
 sagacity of the anthors of the Ordinance of 1787. This pro- 
 tected it from the blight of hnman slavery, which then spread 
 over half the Repnblic and threatened every new Territory. It 
 also laid the fonndation of that liberal system of free school edu- 
 cation which had bnt just begun to obtain a foothold in the most 
 progressive States, but which has since become the heritage and 
 pride of the Northwest. The act of the authors of the Ordi- 
 nance of 1787 in declaring in favor of the encouragement of 
 "schools and the means of education," on the ground that "re- 
 ligion, morality and knowledge" are "necessary to good govern- 
 ment," was supplemented by Judge Nathaniel Pope, then Dele- 
 gate from the Territory of Illinois, in securing the introduction, 
 for the first time in the enabling act of 1818, of a provision 
 setting apart the sixteenth section of each township and three- 
 fifths of the five per cent, fund accruing to the State from the 
 sale of public lands within its borders, to the cause of education. 
 It is a curious fact that, during the first year after the settlement 
 of the question that Illinois was still to maintain its stand as a 
 free State, by the refusal of the people, in 1S24, to call a State 
 Convention for the purpose of making a pro-slaver}' Constitution, 
 the first law (that of 1825) looking to a system of free schools 
 v/as enacted by the Legislature. Although little was accom- 
 plished under this act, owing to the poverty of the people and 
 the inability to dispose of the school lands to advantage, it in- 
 dicated the drift of public sentiment which has since broui^ht 
 about positive results. 
 
ILLINOIS — lilll.DIXO A STATE. 
 
 127 
 
 Intimately connected with the free-school system — in fact, 
 leadinjj^ and directinjj: the pnblic sentiment which snccessfnlly 
 demanded its establishment — was the news])ai)er jm-css. The 
 first newspaper published in the State was the Illinois Herald — 
 chauijed in 18 17 to the flliuois /ntrliiirciicer; it was established 
 at Kaskaskia by Capt. Matthew Duncan, a brother of Joseph 
 Duncan, afterwards a member of Cc^ngress and Governor of the 
 State, The date of the establishment of the Herald has been 
 claimed as earl}' as 1809, the year of the organization of the 
 Territorial Government, though there is no positive evidence of 
 its publication before 1814. The Illinois fimiirraut was pub- 
 lished, at Shawneetown, in 1818, its editor, Henry Eddy, being a 
 lawyer of recognized ability and State reputation. Its name 
 was changed in 1824 to the ////;/ w> Gazette. The Edwardsville 
 Spectator, the third paper published in the State, was started 
 by Hooper Warren in 1S19. The Star of tlie West, established 
 at the same place in 1822, became the Illinois Republican in 1823. 
 The Republican Advocate took the place of the Intclliirencer, 
 which had been removed from Kaskaskia to Vandalia in 1823, 
 R. K. Fleming, the head of a family long connected with the 
 press at Belleville and elsewhere in the southern part of the 
 State, being the publisher. These five papers were published in 
 1824 ^^id took a more or less active part in the discussion of the pro- 
 posed new Constitution for the estaMishmentof slavery — the ////- 
 nois Republican%^nA\.\\Q R'publican Adi'ocatc favoring the measure; 
 the Spectator and finall}- the hitellijrcncer opposing it, and the 
 Shawneetown Gazette publishing articles on both sides, though 
 its influence was rather opposed to the proposition. Other earh' 
 papers, though of a somewhat later date than these, were the 
 Saugamo Spectator, established at Springfield in 1826 b}' Hooper 
 Warren; the Miners' Journal^ at Galena, by James Jones, in 
 1828; t\\Q Illinois Corrector, sX Edwardsville, also in 1828; the 
 Galena Advertiser, published by Newhall, Philleo & Co.,. at 
 Galena in 1829 — the "Co." being Hooper Warren, who had been 
 connected with papers at Edwardsville and Springfield ; the Al- 
 
128 
 
 TIIK WHITl' CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 It 
 
 Ion S per I (I toy, started by Edward Breath in 1S30; the Sangamo 
 /onrtial {wuw Stale Jonnial) founded in 1S31 by Simeon Framis, 
 who continued to conduct it uutil i<S55, and the oldest paper of 
 continuous publication in the vStatc; the Alton '/V/r^rap/i, est;il)- 
 lished a year later; and the Chica^'^o Dcviocriit, the first pajXT 
 ever published in Chicajj^o, founded by John Calhoun in 1S33, 
 continued by John Wentworth for twenty-five years and mcrjj^cd 
 into the Chicajj^o 7n7)iiiir in 1S61. The first daily paper piil> 
 lished in Chicago or the vStatt, was the C'/iiaii^o AnirrKaii, estab- 
 lished in 1S39. 
 
 Such were the beginnings of the newspaper press of Illi- 
 nois and its growth during the first quarter century of the exis- 
 tence of the Territorial and State Governments. How it lias ex- 
 panded and grown since that time is indicated by the fact that 
 the whole number of periodical publications in the State of all 
 sorts, in 1892, was 1,572, published in 536 cities, towns and vil- 
 lages. Of these 136 were issiie(jl daily ; 1,150 weekly; 36 seiiii- 
 monthly; 209 monthly, and 14 quarterly. 
 
 l^ndoubtedly the first schools established in the "Country of 
 the Illinois" were those founded b}- tlie early priests and mis- 
 sionaries for the purpose of giving instruction to the children of 
 the pioneers, and such of the natives as would accept it, in the 
 rudiments of a secular education and in the tenets of the church. 
 For a hundred years — up to and after the capture of Kaskaskia 
 and the neighboring settlements by Col. George Rogers Clark, 
 in 177H — French was the only language used in the country be- 
 sides the dialects of the various tribes of Indians. Ca])t. Philip 
 Pittman, m-Iio visited Kaskaskia between 1766 and 1770, in lli^' 
 report on the " European vSettlements on the Mississippi," makes 
 mention of the "Jesuits' house" at Kaskaskia, which has been 
 called by others "the Jesuit College," supposed to have been 
 used as a fort at the time of the capture by Clark. This was no 
 doubt used as a school for both whites and Indians, as well as a 
 home by the priests, and a place of instruction for the acolytes 
 and candidates for the priesthood. The first English school was 
 
 
IS- 
 
 luit 
 all 
 
 V ot 
 
 of 
 the 
 
 mil 
 
 Ills 
 
 aki-'s 
 
 I)CC11 
 
 l)een 
 
 no 
 
 ;is a 
 Ivtes 
 
 was 
 
ILLINOIS — liril.DINC A STATK. 
 
 129 
 
 taiiK'lit at \t'\v Dcsij^ti, in Monrot- County, by John .Six-ly, where 
 tlk- first Knj^lish Sfttk-njtMit ha'' been cstabl'slicd a yrar pre- 
 vious. It is inijiossibk' to follow in these pa^es tiie establish- 
 iiiciil of individinl seliools oi" the c'eveiopnient in detail of the 
 school system under the vState Oovertinient. This has been a 
 process of "the survival of the fittest," thonj^^h the j^reatest de- 
 velopment undoubtedly oecurretl under the louj^ and sueeessful 
 administration of the office of State Sujjerintendent of Public In- 
 struction by Dr. Newton Batenian — now the honored President 
 of Knox Colleji^e at (ialesburjj^ — extending from 1S5C) to 1^73, 
 with the exception of an interval of two ^-ears. Duriuj^f this 
 period the scliool laws were codified and rendered harmonious, 
 ami the efforts made to establish ;i system of free-schools ])er- 
 fected. 
 
 The followinjj[ statistics are taken from the report of the 
 State Superintendent of Public Instruction for 1890: 
 
 No. of Schools '-.^59 
 
 Nil. of Sdiool Houses I2i252 
 
 No. of TcacliLTH 23, 164 
 
 Receipts From all vSoiirces jti 2,402,495 
 
 I'AiK'ndituri's ;(Si2, l37,?Si 
 
 The average salaries for the same period were $54.63 ])er month 
 for male teachers and $44-41 for female teachers. 
 
 The permanent school fund derived from all sources, ac- 
 cording to the same report, was $5,780,692, while the value of 
 .school lands still unsold, amounted to $5,204,861, making a total 
 of Si<\985,553. 
 
 Of higher institutions of learning — Colleges and .Semi- 
 naries — having an average attendance of 100 pupils each, for 
 tlic year 1888, there were forty-two. Of these, six were de- 
 voted to instruction in theology, the others being wholl}- or in 
 part literary and scientific. The oldest is Illinois College, at 
 Jacksonville, founded in 1829 b}' a band of young men from Yale 
 College, though not incorporated for several 3'ears, on account of 
 the ])rejudice in the Legislature against "Yankees" and the in- 
 cor])()ration of institutions to teach theology — that being one of 
 the departments according to the original plan. The late Dr. 
 
mm 
 
 130 
 
 THK WHITE CITY — iUUNOIS. 
 
 
 Julian M. Sturtevaut, for man}' years its President, was most 
 active in the establishment of this institution, while the wn- 
 erable Dr. Edward Beecher was its first President. McKerdree 
 College, at Lebanon, came next, being incorporated by the same 
 Legislature tliat incorporated Illinois College, though it had 
 been esLablished as an experimental school some years before. 
 The Female Academy at Jack.sonville and the Alonticello Female 
 Seminary at Godfrey were established the same year (1835) '^^^ 
 was also Shurtleff College at Upper Alton — at first a young 
 men's College under the patronage of the Baptist church, 
 though now a mixed school. 
 
 Within the past two years a great impulse has been given to 
 higher education by the establishment of ti.e University of Chi- 
 cago, with an endowment and building fund now estimated at 
 seven millions of dollars, contributed by a number of liben.l 
 capitalists headed by John D. Rockefeller ; the Armour Insti- 
 tute of Chicago, and the enlargement of the plans of other iu- 
 stiUitions, including the Northwestern University at Evauston, 
 and Lake Forest Universit}^ at Lake Forest. 
 
 As a part of its educational system, the State has establiijhed 
 and maintains three institutions of a high grade, viz: the Illi- 
 nois State Normal University (founded in 1S57), at Normal; the 
 University of Illinois (1867), at Champaign, and the Soutli-'ni 
 Normal University (1869), at Carbondale. The first two of 
 these were practically the outcome of an agitation maintaineci 
 wi^h great activity for several 3-ears for the establishment in the 
 State of an "Industrial University." having for its object impart- 
 ing instruction in those branches "related to agriculture and the 
 mechanic arts," though other scientific and classical studies weie 
 not to be excluded. This scheme was advocated with great 
 earnestness by an association of prominent citizens of the State, 
 at the head of which was the venerable Prof Jonathan B. Turner, 
 of Jacksonville, and a series of State conventions for its proiiio- 
 tion was held, beginning with 1851. They finally saw the frui- 
 tion of their hopes in the passage by Congress, in 1862, of an 
 
ILLIN'OI.S — HUILDIXG A STATK. 
 
 131 
 
 act nuiking a grant of lands to each of the States for the purpose 
 of founding institutions of the charac^^cr desired, and the Illi- 
 nois University at Champaign was the result, so far I's Illinois 
 was concerned. 
 
 The system of benevolent institutions, built ap b}' the State 
 of Illinois almost entirely within the past forty years, is of the 
 most extensive and liberal character. These include the Insti- 
 tution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb (now the most 
 extensive of the kind in the world) at Jacksonville, foitnded by 
 an act of the Legislature in 1839, but not opened for pupils un- 
 til 1S46; the Central Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
 founded in 181.7, ^^^t not opened until four years later; the Insti- 
 tution for the Blind, Jacksonville, 1S49; the Soldiers' Orphans' 
 Home. Normal, 1865; the Institution for Feeble-AIinded Chil- 
 dren, first establ^'-hed as an "experimental school " at Jackson- 
 ville, 1865, permanently established at Lincoln in 1875; the 
 Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, 1869; Eye and Ear 
 Infirmary, Chicago, 187 1 ; Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Kan- 
 kakee, 1877; Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, Quincy, 1885; iVsy- 
 luni for Insane Criminals, Chester, 1889. The aggregate value 
 of these institutions was estimated several years ago at over $5,- 
 000,000, but it has been largely increased by additions to the 
 buildings belonging to several of them since. 
 
 The aggregate number of inmates in the several benevolent 
 institutions of the State, according to the report of the Board of 
 Public Charities in 1890, was 10,271, of which 5,772 were in 
 Hospitals for the Insane ; 507 in the Institution for the Deaf and 
 Dumb; 187 in the School for the Blind; .489 in the Institution 
 fcr the Feeble-minded; 503 in the Soldiers' Orphans' Home; 
 526 in the Reform School, and 1,347 in the Soldiers' and Sailors' 
 Home. 
 
 The penal and reformatory insiitutions include the Norinern 
 Penitentiary, originally located at Alton in 183 1, but removed to 
 Joliet by act of the Legislature in 185 1 ; the Southern Peniten- 
 tiary, at Chester, established in 1887, and the Reform School at 
 
U^it^.j^.u,^,.-, 
 
 132 
 
 THH WHITE CITY— II.MNOIB. 
 
 
 Pontiac, established in 1867. The combined cost of these insti- 
 tutions has been about $2,000,000. 
 
 Possessing a soil unsurpassed in natural fertilit}- ; situated be- 
 tween tlie Lakes and the greatest river of the continent, wliich 
 connects it with the Gulf of Mexico, and stretching through five 
 and a half degrees of the most desirable portion of the temper- 
 ate zone, Illinois is primarily an agricultural vState. In tlie 
 variety and abundance of its products it is unsurpassed. In 
 proportion to its area, it contains fewer acres of land unfit for 
 cultivation than any other State in the Union, The State Board 
 of Agriculture and the State Horticultural Society, aided by the 
 county .societies, have been iintiring in their efforts to promote 
 the interests of cultivators of the soil and have accomplished 
 much in that direction. 
 
 The agricultural and horticultural products include corn, 
 wheat and the other varieties of grain ; apples, peaches and small 
 fruits — especially strawberries in the southern part; and every 
 variety of garden vegetables common to ♦'.he temperate zone. 
 These products are easily marketed by means of the railroad 
 lines which traverse every section of the State, and find a ready 
 sale in Chicago, St. Louis and the smaller cities. 
 
 Owing to its geological formation it produces comparatively 
 few minerals, but those found are most useful and are easily 
 accessible : they include lead in the northwest and in the south; 
 salt in the southeast ; kaolin (clay suitable for the manufacture 
 of porcelain ) , in the south; several varieties of building stone in 
 different portions, with small deposits of iron in some of the 
 southern counties. But the mineral which exists in the greatest 
 abundance, and for which there is the largest demand, is the 
 bituminous coal which underlies, in practically exhaustless 
 abundance, more than half the area of the State. The develop- 
 ment of its coal-mines has fiirnished a new and profitable in- 
 dustry for the employment of both labor and capital, besides 
 transforming a region, originally purely agricultural, into one of 
 the most desirable fields for manufacturing enterprises. The re- 
 
tively 
 easily 
 outh; 
 acture 
 3110 iu 
 f the 
 catest 
 the 
 stk'ss 
 velop- 
 )le in- 
 esides 
 oue of 
 lie re- 
 
 is 
 
—»inmiumitam 
 
 .■«W.n-i,i..,¥.^'.»., »...«■,., ,.,^-..„.»..,. 
 
ILLINOIS — HUILDING A STATE. 
 
 133 
 
 port of the Bureau of Labor Statistics for 1S91* shows that 918 
 mines were in operation during that year, in 57 counties of the 
 State, employing- a total of 32,951 persons, of whom 26,059 were 
 miners. The total amount of coal mined was 15,660,698 tons, 
 representing in value at the mines, $14,237,974. The total pro- 
 duct for ten years — from 1882 to 1891, inclusive, — was 130,- 
 06.1.270 tons The estimated area of the coal fields of the State 
 is 37.000 square miles. 
 
 The feasibility of uniting the waters of Lake i^Iichigan 
 with those of the Mississippi attracted the attention of the 
 earliest explorers, and was made the subject of a report b}^ Al- 
 bert Gallatin, Secretar}- of the Treasury, as earl}- as 1808, and 
 bv John C. Calhoun, Secretar}' of \\'ar, in 18 19. The scheme 
 began to be agitated in the State soon after its admis;:ion into 
 the Union, being discussed in the messages of Governors Bond 
 and Coles. The first legislation by Congress on the subject, 
 was the passage of an act, March 30, 1822, "authorizing the 
 State of Illinois to open a canal through the public lands to con- 
 nect the Illinois River with Lake Michigan" ; this was followed, 
 in 1827, by a grant of land amounting to about 300,000 acres, 
 for the purpose of prosecuting the work. After the passage of 
 various acts on the subject by the State Legis":ature — commenc- 
 ing in 1825 — at the session of 1835 a loan of $500,000 was 
 anthorized and the work began July 4, 1836. It languished, 
 however, for years and it was not until April 10, 1848, that the 
 first boat passed through the canal from Lockport to Chicago ; 
 another passing through its whole length from La Salle to Chi- 
 cago, a distance of 100 miles, on the twenty -third of the same 
 month. The total amount expended in construction — including 
 52,955,340 refunded to Chicago after the great fii'e — was $gr 
 513.031, while the amount returned to the State up to 1879, was 
 $8,819,731, of which $5,886,039 was from the sale of canal lands 
 and the remainder from net e"-rnings. 
 
 For years Illinois has stood in the front rank of States in 
 
 *No later reports are accessible at the date of preparing this chapter. 
 
134 
 
 THH WIIITH CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 ', ijj 
 
 the luimlxT and extent of its railroad lines. Its location in tlic 
 heart of the continent and on the great highwa}' of commerce be- 
 tween the Atlantic and Pacific; its nnifonnity of snrface and tlic 
 prodnctiveness of its soil, v/itii its rapidly increasing popnlation 
 and its growth of commercial and manufacturing cities, have 
 rendered it a profitable and favorite field for this class of enter- 
 prise. Chimerical as afterward appeared the gigantic internal 
 improvement .scheme of 1S36-7, its projectors dimly foresaw 
 what has since been more than realized. They were siniijly 
 mistaker. as to the time and manner of the undertaking. They 
 proposed to invest $10,000,000 in the construction of half a 
 dozen main lines of railroad which should reach every quarter of 
 the State, and, in (n'der to appease ever}' section, commenced llie 
 work at as niau}- different points as possible. The result was, 
 that while they e.xpended a vast sum of money, a section of only 
 58 miles of road — then known as the *' Northern Cross" — was 
 completed, extending from the Illinois Pviver, at Meredosia, to 
 Springfield. The first rail upon this was laid Ma}- 9, 1838; the 
 first locomotive was placed upon it six months after; it was com- 
 pleted to Jacksonville, January i, 1840, and to Springfield in 
 Alay, T842. Five years later it was sold to a Springfield l)ank(-r 
 for $21,100, and being reconstructed, afterward became a part of 
 what is now known as the great " Wabash System. '"•• 
 
 The Galena & Chicago Union Railroad, chartered at the 
 same time as the Northern Cross, was commenced at Chicago 
 almost immediately, but work was suspended in 1S38. Nine 
 years later it was resumed and in January, 1850, it was com- 
 pleted to Elgin, a distance of 42 miles; communication with 
 Galena was obtained in 1854 by way of the Illinois Central from 
 Freeport.i This line was afterward extended to Fulton, Illinois, 
 
 '*.\ tram-way was built in St. Clair County by Kx-Gov. John Rfynolds anil liis asso- 
 ciates, in iH,^6-7, for the transportation of coal' from the hlufTs to vSt. Louis, but this was no 
 ))art of the "internal improvement scheme" beKun by the vState, beinjj a piivatc 
 enterprise. 
 
 t-\n interesting; incident bearinj; upon this period in history, is the mention, in a 
 Galena paper in 1.S29, under the lie;id of "Galena Knterjmse, " of the passiijieof lla first 
 freiKbtin^ expedition between Galena and Chicajjo. This was de.sribed as " Mr. Soulanls 
 Mule team," which had recently returned " from Chicago near the southern-most lioiil 
 
ILLINOIS — lUILDlNG A STATU. 
 
 135 
 
 and became a part of the Chicago and Northwestern system. 
 
 The third road constructed was a section, thirteen miles in 
 length, between Tnrner Jnnction and Anrora, in I)n Page 
 County, at first known as the, " Aurora branch railroad," now a 
 part of the Chicago, Burlington & Quircy. 
 
 The section of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, from Alton to 
 Springfield, was first chartered under the name of the "Alton 
 and Sangamon," in 1847. Its construction was begun in 1S52 
 and completed to Springfield in 1853 ; to Bloomington in 1854 ; 
 to Joliet in 1856, and Vj Chicago in 1857, the original cost 
 amounting to $9,500,000. The various sections of this road came 
 into the hands of the pre.sent compau}- in 1862. Its manage- 
 ment has been at once con.servative and enterprising, and it 
 now ranks as one of the most successful railroad enterprises 
 in the land. It controls 848.98 miles of road, of which 586.36 
 miles are in Illinois. 
 
 The Illinois Central Railroad Company was organized in 
 185 1 to construct a railroad from Cairo northward, with branches 
 to Chicago and Dubuqr.e, Iowa, and was based on the grant of 
 lands by Congress to the State for that purpose. Work was 
 connnenced almost immediately and was prosecuted during the 
 next five years, about 700 miles being constructed up to 1S56. 
 It has since acquired several branch roads in the State and out 
 of it, and, with lines extending from New Orleans to Central 
 Iowa, is one of the gigantic railroad corporations of the country, 
 "^lie amount paid by it into the State treasury in the seven per 
 cent, tax upon its gross earnings, from October 31, 1855, to 
 April 30, 1S92, aggregated $13,175,352. 
 
 of Lake Michigan," whiUier it Lad takoii :i load of oik- and a half tons of lead. The de- 
 ttrtnination of the exact location of Chicago is of interest. The paper adds: "This is 
 thf tlrst wagon that has ever j'lssed from the Mississi])])i River to Chicago. The route 
 laktii from the mines was to Ogee's ferry on Rock River — iSo miles ; thence an east course 
 f«i tiiik's to the missionary estahlishment on I'ox River of the Illinois, and tlietice a 
 norllurly course, 60 miles to Chicago, making the distai.ce from this ])lace to Chicago, as 
 
 lravi.k<l, 2c» miles The trip out was performed in eleven days and the return 
 
 trill in eight days The lead was taken by water from Chicago to Detroit . . . 
 
 Should a road be surveyed and marked on the best ground an<l the shortest distance, 
 .1 tri]) could be performed in much less time. And if s<dt could be obtained at Chicago 
 from llieNew Vork salt-works, it would be a profitable and advantageous trade." — Cia/t'na 
 ■ litiiiiisci; Si'pt. //, jS2g. 
 

 .* 
 
 M 
 
 136 THK WIIITH CITY — ILMNOIS. 
 
 Other early railroad enterprises were the Terre Haute & 
 Alton Railroad — now the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute — be- 
 gun in 1852 and completed in 1854; the Chicago, Rock Island 
 & Pacific, begun under the name of the Chicago & Rock Island, 
 in T852, and completed two years after; the Ohio & Mississippi, 
 fron.i East St. Louis to Cincinnati, completed in 1857, with an 
 auxiliary line since constructed from Beardstown to Shawneetown, 
 intersecting the main line at Flora; the St. Louis, Chicago (S: 
 St. Paul ; the Toledo, Peoria & Warsaw, etc. These roads have 
 of late 3'ears been generally prospcrotis and have accomplished a 
 vast work in the development of the country' through which they 
 pass. 
 
 Tlic various lines of railroad in operation in Illinois num- 
 ber over sixty, many of them having numerous branches wliicli 
 have been absorbed since their original construction. Their to- 
 tal mileage in Illinois, according to the report of the Railroad 
 and AVarehousc Commission, for 1S90, was 10,163 "lilcs. During 
 the past two 3-ears about 170 miles have been constructed, mak- 
 ing the total mileage at the close of 1892, about 10,333. '^^'^' 
 growth of this class of enterprise in the State is indicated by tlic 
 mileage at different decades, as follows: 
 
 Year. ]\Iiles. Year. Miles, 
 
 1850 III 1880 7'^'^57 
 
 i860 2,790 1890 10,163 
 
 1S70 4,823 1892 10,333 
 
 The following is a list of the principal railroad corporations 
 
 operating in the State, with the number of miles under control 
 
 of each in 1892: 
 
 Xami-; <>I' Road. Total ]Mileaife. Mileage in State, 
 
 Atehison, To])eka &. Santa Fc, 7,106.14 2.S5.S 
 
 Chicajio & Alton, 848.98 586.;/. 
 
 Chicago, Bnrlington & Qnincy 2,139.41 i,236.S<i 
 
 Chicago &. ICastcrn Illinoi.s, 272.3 221.^14 
 
 Chicago & Nortlnvesteni, 4,3(X).2r 586.:?'^ 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific, 3,131.6 236.'^ 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & ,Sl. Ix)ui.s, . . . 2,324.8 697 
 
 Klgin, Joliet & Ea.steni, 165 144 
 
 niinois Central, 2,989.09 •l.,'?95 5' 
 
ILLINOIS — lUn.DINC, A STATK. I37 
 
 Namk ok Road. Total Mileajiji'. Mileage in State. 
 
 Indianapolis, Decatur it Western, 15-5 7A-^ 
 
 JacksDUvilli,' Sontlu'asturn, 29S.4 ^Si^-A 
 
 Lake Krie iS: Wi'sti'rn ... 585. f<4 121.02 
 
 Louisville, Ivvansvillc & St. Louis, .i5<>.jl 140.8 
 
 Louisville & Nashville :,9o6. r '79''>7 
 
 Mobile vS: Ohio 687.6 160.6 
 
 Ohio vS: Mi.s.sissip])! 625.75 37i-4S» 
 
 Peoria, Decatur iS: Kvansville 243 aoi 
 
 Rock Island & Peoria 185 185 
 
 8t. I<ouis, Chicago iS: St. Paul, 85 85 
 
 .St. Louis, Alton iS: Terre Haute 242 242 
 
 Terre Haute & Peoria, 144 144 
 
 Terre Haute & Indianapolis, •,60.6 158.^ 
 
 Toledo, Peoria & Western 230 230 
 
 Toledo, St. Louis iH: Kansas Citj', 451 172 
 
 W.iliash, i,Su.4 726 
 
 Wisconsin Central, 851.15 5'). 62 
 
 Every couiityin the State but three is intersected by at least 
 one line of railroad; the exceptions are Calhoun, Hardin and 
 Pope. 
 
 Besides these, the Baltimore & Ohio; Chicago iS: Grand 
 Trunk; Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul; Lake Shore & Mich- 
 igan Southern; Michigan Central; Pittsburgh, Ft. Wajaie & 
 Chicago, though having a small extent of mileage in the vState, 
 do a large business in Illinois. 
 
 While the rapid growth of the State has influenced the 
 building of railroads, still the influence of the railroad system 
 upon the pi'osperity of the Commonwealth has been reciprocal, as 
 i.s shown in the opening up of every section of it to cultivation, 
 in its rapid increase in population, the growth of towns and 
 cities, and the vast development of manufacturing enterprises. 
 Beginning with a population of 34,620 on its admission to the 
 Unicm, in 1818, in 1S20 it had increased to 55,162; in 1S30, 
 to 157,445; in 1S40, to 476,183 ; in 1850, to 851,470; in i860, to 
 ^'"11)951) in 1870, to 2,539,891; in 1880, to 3,077,871; and in 
 1890, to 3,818,536 — more than the entire population of the thir- 
 teen original States, and making it the third State in population 
 ill the Union, exceeded onh' by New York and Pennsylvania. 
 The census of 1890 returned twent3'-one cities in the State each 
 with a population exceeding 10,000, against twelve of the same 
 
I^S 
 
 'Pin-; Miirri', citv — ir.i.ivois. 
 
 class in iSSo. Tlu- ratio of im-riMsc in tlitsi' in tlir ])ivcc'(ling 
 dcc.'uk' had l)ci.n from Iwcnly to more than om- Innuh-id pir 
 cent. Thi- city lia\ in,y^ the larjjfest relative j^rowth — not e.xerpi- 
 ing Chicaj^H), whieh liad extended its area by annexiniL^- se\er;il 
 suburbs — was Joliet, followed by I'U.^in, Roekford and Anrora, in 
 tile onU r named. In each ease the rapid }.,n-o\\tli wasdne larL;el\ 
 to tlu' de\-( lopnient of niannfactiirini^ enterprises. Besides the 
 cities named, the followiniui^ have jjTown rapidly in imjjortanee as 
 nianiifactnrinj^ centres: Sprin^v^field, Peoria, lUoomini^'ton, Mo- 
 line, Qnincy, ^*,ast St. Lonis and Galesbnri;-. Chicago and its 
 suburbs, with Joliet, P^ast St. Louis and ,Sprinj.>;field, lead in inm 
 and steel manufacture; Roekford, vSprinj.jfield and Decatin- in 
 furniture and other forms of wood-work ; Klgin, Roekford and 
 Springfield, in watches; Chicago, Molinc, Peoria, Roekford, De- 
 catur and vSpringficld, in agricultural imi)lements; while large 
 quantities of various qualities of paper are manufactured at 
 Roekford, Moline, Springfield and Riverton, Chicago and Kan- 
 kakee. Immense stock-yards and packing-houses at Chicago 
 and East St. Louis furnish a market for the live stock of the 
 Mississippi valley and supply cured and canned meats for home 
 and foreign consumption; the elevators of Chicago and liast St. 
 Louis store the grain of tlie Northwest, and the mills of Alton. 
 Roekford, Ouincy, Rock Island, ]\Ioline and other cities grind it 
 into flour for the markets of the world. 
 
 The aggregate valuation of taxable property in the State in 
 1892, was $831,310,306. As this was on an ackowdedged ba.sis 
 of about 25 per cent, of tlie cash value, the real value of the 
 whole property of the State will not fall short of $,3,300,000,000. 
 The proportion of the assessment falling upon railroads wfi.s 
 $77,108,390, and upon other corporations, $6,549,202. 
 
 This chapter would be wanting in completeness did it fail to 
 mention some of those who, as the original founders of the t-oni- 
 monwealth, or, at a later period, its builders, protectors and de- 
 fenders, hav'e assisted to make Illinois what it is to-day. And 
 first in order of time, if not in honor, should stand the name of 
 
hil to 
 
 coiu- 
 
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 And 
 
 lie ot 
 
 ■ -*,-!■ 
 
 Masonic Tkmplk, Chicago. 
 
the cl 
 
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 "the 
 trcpid 
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 vital it 
 
 fonmi 
 
 North 
 
 form ; 
 
 chanif 
 
 Xatha 
 
 chusct 
 
 Henry 
 
 whose 
 
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 the in: 
 
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 Oovcri 
 
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 Lieute 
 
 gress, 
 
 securec 
 
 State ; 
 
 man, ^\ 
 
 Michig 
 
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 United 
 
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ILLINOIS — »UILU1N(; A STAIK. 
 
 '39 
 
 the cli)(|iK'nt orator of the Revolution, Patrick Ilcury, wlio, as 
 (iovcrnor of \'ir^iiiia, Jiuthori/cd the expedition whicli captured 
 "the Illinois Country" fnnn the British in I77«S, and the in- 
 trepid and darinjjf youni^ X'irj^iuian, Col. Oeorj^e Rojj;er.s Clark, 
 who carried the plan into execution. Henry thus became Illi- 
 iiois' first Governor. 
 
 Then, again, all honor is due to the men who gave form and 
 vitality to the Ordinance of 1787 — to Thomas Jefferson who 
 formulated the prohibition of slavery in the Territory' of the 
 Northwest, which was finally passed in an amended and improved 
 form; to Manasseh Cutler, the distinguished New England 
 champion of popular education, who aided in its adoption; to 
 Nathan Dane, the enlightened and sagacious statesman of Massa- 
 chusetts, who composed and drafted the act, and to Richard 
 Henry Lee of Virginia, and John Kean of South Carolina, 
 whose votes assisted to enact it into law. The fact is none the 
 less worthy of mention because Southern men, identified with 
 the institution of slavery, contributed in the largest measure to 
 the result. Neither can the services of Edwards, Territorial 
 Oovcrnor, United States Senator and State executive, be forgot- 
 ten ; nor those of the frank and generous Pierre Alenard, first 
 Lieutenant-Governor; nor of Nathaniel Pope, Delegate in Con- 
 jfress, who won the soil on which Chicago stands for Illinois, and 
 secured a perpetual inheritance for the common schools of the 
 State ; nor of Daniel P. Cook, the youthful and gifted Congress- 
 man, who won the first victory in Congress for the Illinois and 
 Michigan Canal ; nor of Governor Coles, the patriotic executive, 
 who defeated the conspiracy to establish slavery in Illinois ; nor 
 his co-laborers — the pure, scholarly and judicial-minded Lock- 
 wood, Hooper Warren, the pioneer journalist, and Thomas Lip- 
 piiicott; nor of John McLean and Elias Kent Kane, in the 
 United States Senate ; nor of John Reynolds, Justice of the Su- 
 preme Court, Governor, Congressman, "Old Ranger" and histo- 
 rian; nor of the liberal and high-minded Duncan, Congressman 
 and Governor ; none of these can be deprived of the place which 
 
hwiai.M»ya^.dfc^*.;^jl,y,^,^ ^^ ^ g ^^ mm ai 
 
 140 
 
 TIIH WHITE CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 has been iissigned them in the history of the State. To a later 
 ptriod belonged Governor Ford, historian, and defender of Uic 
 credit of the State ; Trnnibnll and Donglas, each Secretary of 
 State, Jnstice of the vSnjDrenie Conrt, Congressman and United 
 States Senator; J. D. Caton, for twenty-two j-ears on the Snprciiie 
 bench ; Sidney Breese, Jnstice of the Snpreme Court. United 
 States Senator and vSpeaker of the House of Representatives; 
 Hardin, Baker and Bissell, Congressmen and soldiers of the 
 Mexican War — the first falling at Buena \'ista, the second, at 
 Ball's Bluff in the War of the Rebellion, and the last becoming 
 the first Republican Governor of Illinois. Among the men who 
 founded colonies and attracted new settlers, were Birkbeck and 
 Flower of the E'lglish settlement in Edwards County, the Bonds 
 of ]\Ionroe, the Lemens of St. Clair, the Judys of Madison, the 
 Kinzies of old Fort Dearborn, and, of a later period, John \\'(»od 
 of Quiiic}-, Dixon and Dement on Rock River, Gurdon S. Hub- 
 bard, the Clybourns, Beaubiens, Philo S. Carpenter, and otlicr.s 
 at Chicago. 
 
 Among educators, who founded and built np institutions, as 
 well as wrote historj', were the indefatigable John J.I. Peck, Kd- 
 ward Beeclier, Julian M. Sturtevant, Jonathan B. Turner; Prof. 
 Looniis and the Leverett Brothers of Shurtleff College; B. G. 
 Roots, William H. Wells, Dr. Richard Edwards, Dr. Newton 
 Bateman and a host of nameless teachers in log school-hou.ses 
 who gave direction to the minds of the future leaders of the 
 State. Not less important Avere the labors of an army of pio- 
 neer ministers of various denominations who dispensed religious 
 instruction to the scattered population. 
 
 On material lines, a vast work was accomplished by the 
 engineers and capitalists who built up mercantile enterpri.scs, 
 projected and constructed railroads, founded cities and erected 
 manufactories — as the Morrisons, Lamb and Mather, at Old Kas- 
 kaskia; Gooding, Buckland, Jenne and Morgan, Ogdeii, Turner, 
 Farnam and others. 
 
 Coming down to the period of the late War, the number who 
 
ILLINOIS — BUILDING A STATE. 
 
 141 
 
 won a prominent place in history is vastly increased. Many of 
 them surrendered their lives on southern battle-lields, including 
 a Wallace, a Wyman, a Mulligan and many more. Others sur- 
 vived to serve the State in official st^^tions, such as Logan, 
 Oglesby, Palmer, Henderson, P. Sidne}' Post, Beveridge, Lippcn- 
 cott. Jesse J. Phillips, E. N. Bates, John C. and George W. 
 Smith, AIcNulta, Rinaker, Fifer and scores of their comrades. 
 A name with which to conjure among both soldiers and civilians, 
 was that of the gifted Yates, Illinois' patriotic "War Governor." 
 But two names from the ranks of Illinoisans have been assigned 
 a higher place than all others, and have left a deeper impress 
 upon the historj'- of the State and the Nation ; these are Ulj'sses 
 S. Grant, the organizer of \ ictory for the Union arms and con- 
 queror of the Rebellion, and Abraham Lincoln, the Great Eman- 
 cipator, the preserver of the Republic and its martyred 
 President. 
 
■■- '^^tfVimuMMttfcjfflaDi 
 
 jjppppi— 
 
 CHAPTER XTII. 
 ILLINOIS OFFICIALS. 
 
 LI.ST OF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS UNDER THE TERRITORIAL AND 
 
 STATE GOVERNMENTS. 
 
 OV. ARTHUR St. CLAIR was the first regi: 
 larly appointed Governor of the Northwest Ter- 
 ritory (of which Illinois then formed a part), 
 receiA'ing his appointment February i, 1788, aud 
 serving until 1800, when Indiana Territory (in- 
 cluding "the Illinois Country") w?s set off from 
 Ohio. Gen. William Henry Harrison was then 
 (May 13, 1800) appointed Governor of the new Territory, con- 
 tinuing to serve so long as Illinois continued to be a part of it. 
 By act of Congress of Februar}' 3, 1809, Illinois Territory was 
 organized, and a few weeks later John Boyle of Kentucky, was 
 appointed Territorial Governor, but declined. Ninian Edwards 
 then (April 24, 1S09) received the appointment and continued to 
 serve until after the first State election, October, 1818. 
 
 The following were the other chief ofiRcers during the Ter- 
 ritorial period: 
 
 Secretaries. — Nathaniel Pope, March 7, 1809, to December 
 17, 1816; Joseph Philips, December 17, 1816, to October 6, 1818. 
 AiidHors of Piiblir Accounts. — H. H. Maxwell, 1812-1816; 
 Daniel P. Cook, Januarj^ 13, 1816, to April, 1817; Robert I Hack- 
 well, April 5, 1817, to August, 1817; Elijah C. Berry, August 
 28, 181 7, to October 9, 18 18. 
 
 Attorneys-General. — Benjamin Doyle, Jaly 24, 1S09, t« De- 
 cember, 1809; John J, Crittenden, December 30, 1809, to April 
 
 I Hindis. 
 
 14S 
 
ILLINOIS — OFFICIALS. 
 
 143 
 
 1810; Thomas T.Crittenden, April 7, 1810, to Octooer, 1810; Ben- 
 jamin M. Piatt, October 29, 1810, to June, 1815; William Mears, 
 June 23, 1813, to February 17, 1818. 
 
 Treasurer. — John Thomas, 181 2-1 8. 
 
 Delee^ates to Couffress. — Shadrach Bond, 1812-14; Benja- 
 min Steplienson 1814-17 Nathaniel Pope, 1817-18. 
 
 STATE OFFICERS. 
 
 Covernors. — Shadrach Bond, 1818-22 ; Edward Coles, 1822- 
 26; Niniaii Edwards, 1826-30; John Reynolds, 1830-4; William 
 L. D. Ewing [vice Reynolds, resigned), November 17, 1834, to 
 December 3, I034; Joseph Duncan, 1834-8; Thomas Carlin, 
 1838-42; Thomas Ford, 1842-6; Augustus C. French, 1846 to 
 January, 1853; Joel A. Matteson, 1853-7; W. H. Bissell, 1857 
 to March 21, i860; John Wood {vice Bissell, deceased), March, 
 I S60, to January, 1861 ; Richard Yates, 1861-5; R. J. Oglesby, 
 1865-9: John M. Palmer, 1869-73; R.J. Oglesby, January 13, 
 1873, to Januar}' 23, 1873; John L. Beveridge {vice Oglesby, 
 elected to United States Senate), 1873-7; Shelby M. Cullom, 
 1877-83; John M. Hamilton {vice Cullom, elected United States 
 benator), 1883-5; R. J. Oglesby, 1885-9; Joseph W. Fifer, 
 1889-93; John P. Altgeld, 1893 — 
 
 Lieutenant-Governors.— 'Vx^xx^ Menard, 1818-22 ; A. F. Hub- 
 bard, 1822-6; William Kinney, 1826-30; Zadock Casey, 1830 
 to March i, 1833; W. L- D. Ewing {vice Casey, resigned), 
 March i, 1833, to December 5, 1834; Alexander M. Jenkins, 
 1834-6; William H. Davidson (z//lf^ Jenkins, resigned), 1836-8; 
 Stinson H. Anderson, 1838-42; John Moore, 1842-6; Joseph B. 
 Wells, December, 1846, to January, 1849 ; William IMclMurtry, 
 1849-53; Gustavus Koerner, 1853-7; John Wood, 1857-60; 
 Fraugis A. Hoffman, 1861-5 ; Wm. Bross, 1865-9; John Doug- 
 herty, 1869-73; John L. Beveridge, January 13, to January 23, 
 '^^'73; John Early (as President of Senate), 1873-5; A. A. 
 Glenn (as President of Senate), 1875-7; Andrew Shuman, 
 1877-81; John M. Hamilton, 1881-3; William J. Campbell (as 
 
mammms^ 
 
 144 
 
 THK WHITH CITY 
 
 IM.IXOIS. 
 
 President of Senate), T883-5; John C Smith, 1885-9; L3iiian 
 B. Ray, 1889-03; Joseph B. Gill, 1893— 
 
 Secretaries of Slate. — EHas Kent Kane, 1818-22; Samuel 
 D. Lockwood, December, 1822, to April, 1823; David Blackwcll, 
 1823-4; Alorris Birkbeck, October, 1824, to January, 1S25; 
 George Forqucr, 1825-8; Alex. P. Field, 1828-40; Stephen A. 
 Douglas, November, 1840, to February, 1841; Lyman Trunihnll, 
 1841-3 ; Thompson Campbell, 1843-6; Horace S.Cooley, 1849-50; 
 David L. Gregg, 1850-53; Alex. Starne, 1853-7; Ozias M. 
 Hatch, 1857-65; Sharon T3nidale, 1865-9; Edward Runiinel, 
 1869-73; George H. Harlow, 1873-81; Henry D. Dement, 
 1881-9; Isaac N. Pearson, 18S9-93; William H. Hinricliseii, 
 1893— 
 
 Auditors of Puhlic Accounts. — Elijah C. Berry, 18 18-31; 
 James T. B. Stapp, 1831-5; Levi Davis, 1835-41; James 
 Shields, 1841-3; W. L. D. Ewing, 1843-5; Thomas H. Campbell, 
 1846-57; Jesse K. Dubois, 1857, to December, 1864; Orlin H. 
 Miner, 1864-9; Charles E- Lippencott, 1869-77; Thos. B. 
 Needles, 1877-81; Charles P. Swigert, 1881-9; C. W. Puvcv, 
 1889-93 ; David Gore, 1893 — 
 
 State Treasurers. — John Thomas, 1818-19; Rob't K. Mc- 
 Laughlin, 1819-23 ; Abner Field, 1823-7 ; James Hall, 1827-31; 
 John Dement, 1831-6; Charles Gregory, 1836-7; John D, 
 Whiteside, 1837-41; Alilton Carpenter, 1841-8; John Moore, 
 1848-57; James Miller, 1857-9; William Butler, 1859-63; Alex. 
 Starne, 1863-5; James H. Beveridge, 1865-7; George W. Sniitli, 
 1867-9; E.N.Bates, 1869-73; Edward Rutz, 1873-5; Thomas 
 S. Ridgway, 1875-7; Edward Rutz, 1877-9; John C. Smith, 
 1879-81; Edward Rutz, 1881-3; John C Smith, 1883-5; J'^*-^"'' 
 Gross, 1885-7; John R. Tanner, 1887-9; Charles Becker, 
 1889-91; Edward S.Wilson, i89i-3;Rufus N. Ramsay, 1S93— 
 
 Attorneys-General. — Daniel P. Cook, 1819; William Mears, 
 1819-21; S. D. Lockwood, 1821-3; James Turney, 1823-9; 
 George Forquer, 1829-33; James Semple, 1833-4; N. W Ed- 
 wards, 1834-5 ; Jesse B. Thomas, 1835-6; W. B. Scales, 18^0-7; 
 
ILLINOIS — OI'FICI.\I..S. 
 
 T45 
 
 Usher F. Under, 1837-8; George W. Olney, 1838-9; \V. Kitcli- 
 ell, 1S39-40; Josiah Lamborn, 1840-3; James Allen McDongall, 
 1S43-6; David B. Ca'.npbcll, 1846; Robert G. Inirersoll, 1867-9; 
 Washington Bnslinell, 1869-73; James K. Edsall, 1873-81; 
 lames McCartney, 1881-5; George Hunt, 1885-93; M. T. 
 Moloney, 1893 — 
 
 Supcrintcudruts of Public luslniction. — N. W Edwards, 
 1854-7; Wm. H. Powell, 1857-9; Newton Bateman, 1859-63; 
 John P. Brooks, 1863-5; Newton Bateman, 1865-75; Samuel 
 \V. Fitter, 1875-9; James P. Slade, 1879-83; Henry Raab, 
 1SS3-7; Richard Edwards, 1887-91; Henry Raab, 189 1 — 
 
 ORGANIZATION OK COUNTIKS. 
 
 The following table shows the date of organization of the 
 several counties of the State: 
 
 1809 — Randolph, St. Clair; 1812 — Gallatin, Johnson, Madi- 
 son; 1814 — Edwards; 1815 — White; 1816 — Crawford, Jackson, 
 Monroe, Pope; 181 7 — Bond; 1818 — Franklin, Union, Washing- 
 ton; 1819 — Alexander, Clark, Jefferson, Wayne; 182 1 — Fayette, 
 Grt;ene, Hamilton, Lawrence, Montgomery, Pike, Sangamon; 
 1823 — Edgar, Fulton, Marion, Morgan; 1824 — Clay, Clinton, 
 Wabash; 1825 — Adams, Calhoun, Hancock, Henry, Knox, Mer- 
 cer. Peoria, Putnam, Schuyler, Warren; 1826 — McDouough, 
 Vermilion; 1827 — Jo Daviess, Perry, Shelby, Tazewell; 1829 — 
 Macon, IMacoupin; 1830 — Coles, McLean; 1831 — Cook, Effing- 
 ham, Jasper, La Salle, Rock Island; 1833 — Champaign, Iroquois; 
 1836 — Kane, McHenry, Ogle, Whiteside, Will, Winnebago; 
 1837— Boone, Bureau, Cass, DeKalb, Livingston, Stephen- 
 son; 1S39 — Brown, Carroll, Christian, DeWitt, DuPage, Hardin, 
 Jersey, Lake, Lee, Logan, Marshall, i\Ieuard, Scott, Stark, Wil- 
 liamson; 1841 — Gnindy, Henderson, Kendall, Mason, Piatt, 
 Richland, W^oodford; 1843 — Cumberland, Massac, Moultrie. 
 Pulaski; 1847 — Saline; 185 1- -Kankakee; 1857 — Douglas; 1859 
 —Ford. 
 
 The settled portion of the "Illinois Country" was organized 
 
146 
 
 THE WHITE .CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 into "Illinois County" for the purposes of government, by the 
 Virginia House of Delegates, a few months after the conquc st of 
 Illinois by Col. George Rogers Clark, in 1778. After the or irani- 
 zation of the Northwest-Territory (1780) this region was reori^aii- 
 ized and received the name of St. Clair County, after tlio first 
 Governor, who had been appointed in 1788. Randolph, the sec- 
 ond county, was set off in 1795, both being then under the juris- 
 diction of the Northwest-Territory. No further changes were 
 made in the county organization in the "Illinois Country" mi- 
 til after the organization of Illinois Territory. 
 
"^*^""'^'"~"~iiii- tn-ffm t-ii 
 
Illinois Institution 
 
 o. 
 
 FORT SHERIDAN — THK ART INSTITUTE — THE ARMOUR MISSION 
 — THE ARMOUR INSTITUTE — THE UNIVERSITY 
 OE CHICAGO. 
 
 ''^— -AHF) inception of a Government Post at Chicago 
 originated with Gen. Philip Henry Sheridan, 
 who suggested to prominent citizens the import- 
 ance of there locating a military school. On 
 April 25, 1885, Gen. John M. Schofield, while at- 
 tending a dinner given under the auspices of the 
 Commercial Club of Chicago, in the course of 
 his remarks expressed the same thought which 
 was made the subject of discussion by the Club on May 25th. 
 On March 27th, of the following year, the matter was still 
 further debated and a committee appointed to carefully consider 
 the advisability of establishing a Fort. The report of this com- 
 mittee was favorable to the enterprise, and was, in effect, that 
 steps should at once be taken by the Club to secure the necessary 
 funds to purchase a suitable location. 
 
 About this time a committee was delegated by General 
 Sheridan to examine certain sites which were reported desirable, 
 and, as the result of their investigation, the station of High- 
 wood, on Lake Michigan, about twenty-one miles north of Cook 
 County Court-house, was selected. The Commercial Club, at all 
 times interested in the welfare of the city, headed the subscrip- 
 tion by contributing liberally, to which were appended the names 
 ot about four hundred business men of Chicago, so that, in addi- 
 
 Illiuuis. 
 
 147 
 
lj^atUTttif>i(,J'^atiimt»M» 
 
 148 
 
 TIIH WillTK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 tioii to the purchase ])rice, $300,000, $13,045 was subscribed, 
 wliicli amount was returned, pro rala^ to all contributors. 
 
 In October, 1.S87, the land, which consisted of 633.32 acres, 
 was purchased and a deed of the same transferred to the United 
 States Government, on which to establish a military post, the 
 location bcinjr named Fort Sheridan, in honor of the General 
 whose thought first found expression in favor of the cnteri)risc 
 
 The site is one of the most picturesque and beautiful in the 
 vicinity of Chicago, and, in fact, it would be difficult to fnul in 
 any location one surpassing it in the attractiveness of its sur- 
 roundings. The climate is not severe in winter, while the cool- 
 ing breezes which blow from the Lake renders it one of the most 
 delightful of summer resorts. 
 
 In 1888 Congress made the first appropriation for improve- 
 ments, since which time seventy-one buildings have been erected, 
 upon which, together with the improvements of streets, water sup- 
 ply, etc., there have been expended more than one million dollars. 
 
 The Fort is under command of Col. Robert E. A, Crofton, 
 whose staff and garrison consist of 602 men belonging to the 
 F'ifteenth Regiment and Battery E, and two troops of the Sevcuth 
 Cavalry, comprising 120 men. 
 
 Cclonel Crofton has been in continuous service since the 
 breaking out of the Civil War. In 1861 he was appointed Cap- 
 tain, and was made LieutenRr.t-Colonel in 1879 while serving ou 
 the frontier. In 1886 he was promoted to the rank of Colouel 
 and placed in command of the famous Fifteenth Regiment, serv- 
 ing with it continuously from that time. Colonel Crofton is 
 deserving of all the respect and esteem which is everywhere and 
 at all times accorded to him by officers and soldiers; his promo- 
 tions were well merited, being no more than a just ackowlcd,y:c- 
 ment of faithful service. 
 
 Lieut.-Col. Samuel Ovcnshine and Maj. C M. Bailey are 
 next in command. Of Col. Crofton's staff, ist Lieut. Will T. 
 May is Regimental Adjutant, and ist Lieut. J. A. Maiiey, 
 Regimental Quartermaster. 
 
IM.INOIS — rxSTITlTTIOXS. 
 
 149 
 
 Tlu! history of the Fifteenth Rej^inieut is an inturcsliniL; one 
 and, to those who have served in its ranks, the past is not devoid 
 oi" slirrinji^ events. It was organized by act of Cotiji^ress in i<S6i, 
 rcor,ij:anizc(l in 1.S66, and ajj^ain reorganized by consolidation with 
 the 'i'hirty-fiftii Rejjjiment. For sixteen years after the close of 
 the Civil' War its services were reqnired in New Mexico, Cali- 
 fornia, Arizona and Dakota, and its record is one of which to be 
 proud; in fact, so hazardous and trying were these canipaijj^ns 
 that it is generally acknowledj^ed that the jj^allant " Fifteenth" is 
 fully entitled to the best the government affords, F\)rt Sheridan 
 being among the favorite posts. 
 
 Gen. Nelson A. Miles was born in Westminster, Massachu- 
 setts, August 8, 1S39. At the outbreak of the Civil War he 
 joined the Twenty-second Massachusetts \'olunteers as Second 
 Lieutenant, but was soon promoted to the rank of Captain, and 
 ill May, 1862, was appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of the Sixty- 
 first New York Volunteers, in acknowledgement of gallant .sei- 
 vice. After the battle of Antietam he rose to the rank of Col- 
 onel, in September, 1862, and was brevetted Brigadier-General in 
 1864 for meritorious ccmduct throughout the campaign, and 
 particularly for gallantry at the engagement at Ream's Station, 
 Virginia. He was made Major-General in October, 1865, and 
 mustered out of service in September, 1866. 
 
 As Colonel of the Fortieth Infantry, General Miles entered 
 the reorganized ami}-, but was brevetted Major-General, March 2, 
 1867, foi" gallant service at the battle of Chancell -rsville. He 
 was transferred to the Fifth Infantry in 1869, and at this date 
 his career as an Indian lighter began by the subjugation of the 
 Comanches and Kiowas in the Staked Plains country. In 1876 
 he drove Sitting Bull from Montana, and captured the Nez 
 Perces, under chief Joseph, and, in 1878, subdued the Bannocks 
 in the National Park. In 1880 he received the rank of Briga- 
 dier-General and commanded the Department of the Columbia 
 for live years. In 1885 he was placed in command of the De- 
 partment of the Missouri, where his services in Arizona, again.st 
 
 m 
 
 ;il3 
 
I50 
 
 Till'. WIIITI'. C\r\ — ILLINOIS. 
 
 the savajj^es, were crowned with the same success as attemlcd iiis 
 former expeditions ajj;ainst the savaj^e trihes of the Northwest 
 country. On the cessation of these hostilities, he was phiccd in 
 charj^e of the Division of the Pacific, was promoted to rank of 
 Major-General April 5, 1890, and, in Septcndx-r of the same 
 year, was ])laced in command of the Department of the Missouri, 
 reaching Chicago vSci)tend)er 20, 1.S90. The campaign against 
 the Sioux and the subjugation of the "ghost dances" ari' ilie 
 latest testimonials of his effective measures in Indian warfare. 
 
 Through the efficient services of (icneral Miles, Fort Sheri- 
 dan has added much to its importance as a post. Among the 
 improvements may i)e noted the bicycle corps, which has been 
 found especiall}- efficient as a messenger service. The ambulance 
 corps and life-saving .service have also been greatly imi)n)\e(l 
 during the present successful administration of Gen. Nelson \. 
 Miles of the Division of the Missouri. 
 
 THK ART INSTITUTK. 
 
 The Art Institu;? of Chicago was incorporated, nnder the 
 laws of Illinois, May 24, 1H79, '' for the purpose of maintainitiif 
 a School and Mu.senm of Art," and aflbrds full courses of in- 
 struction in academic drawing and painting, sculpture, decora- 
 tive designing and ar hitecture. Students are admitted at any 
 time without examii/a'ion, and are classified according to their 
 attainments after a iiionth's attendance ; each pupil is adwinced 
 individual!}', no time being prescribed for the course. 
 
 The School of Drawing and Painting is divided into four 
 sections, elementary, intermediate, antiqne and life, the average 
 beginner requiring about eight months to reach the antique class, 
 when he is first permitted to u.se color, although a few excep- 
 tions are made to this rule. The regular Diploma is conferred 
 upon those who have held the rank of Life Student for two 
 j'cars, a silver medal being awarded in cases of extraordinary 
 merit. 
 
 Instructions are given in illustrating, for which the whole 
 
IM.INOIS — INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 i;i 
 
 triiiiin^ of the school is a direct preparation, and many advanced 
 ],u])ils are at all times eiii^aj^ed in this work, for pnhlications of 
 various kinds. The conr.se of Anatomy consists of two series 
 of Icctnre.s — of ubont twenty each — yearly, the stndents being 
 reruircd to snhmit to a written examination at the close of each 
 tiriu. Classes in Decorative Desij^ning^ are conducted npon the 
 studio system, and tliL- instruction is varied to snit the needs of 
 iiuli\idual ca.ses. 
 
 The School of Architecture was founded in 1.S89 and is one 
 of the most important departments of the Institute. Its course 
 is open to both men and women, and is almost identical with the 
 Short Course of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. A 
 tine collection of architectural casts, sent to the Columbian Kx- 
 ])()sition by the French Government, is to become the property 
 of the Institute at the close of the Fair. The cost of bringing 
 to Chicago the "Trocadero Collection," as it is called, was 
 550,000, and it is by far the finest in the United States, while its 
 value to the Institute can scarcelj' be overrated. 
 
 The Art I/ibrary was established in 1879, and now forms 
 one of the important features of the school. The current Art 
 Journals are kept on file, and books to the number of about thir- 
 teen hundred constitute both a circulating and reference library 
 for the students. A complete collection of large carbon photo- 
 graphs, known as autotypes, is a recent purchase by the Trustees 
 and is a most important accession to the library. It consists of 
 more than eighteen thousand subjects, and includes reproduc- 
 tions of the most celebrated paintings, drawings and sculptures 
 of the great riasters, such as are found in the museums of the 
 Old World, r:.d being the only complete collection of the kind 
 in America, its value is proportionately enhanced. 
 
 Earl}' in 1891 the city of Chicago passed an ordinance grant- 
 ing a tract of land on the Lake Front, between Jack.son and 
 Madison streets, for the site of a jMuseuni of Art, and upon this 
 ground the permanent home of the Art Institute has been 
 erected, although it is to be occupied during the Exposition by 
 
'^mmmmmmi* 
 
 152 
 
 THE WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 the various World's Fair Congresses which convene at that time. 
 The means for carrying forward the plans of the Trustees were 
 obtained from the sale of real estate belonging to the Institute, 
 which netted about $265,000; from the World's Columbian Ex- 
 position, which offered $200,000 for the use of the building for 
 Congresses from May ist to November i, 1893, ^^'^ from pri 
 vate subscriptions amounting to $120,000. 
 
 The ownership of the building is vested in the city of Chi- 
 cago, but the right to occupy the same is given to the Art 
 Institute so long as certain conditions are observed. 
 
 The building is described as " in style Italian Renaissance, 
 the details classic, and of the Ionic and Corinthian orders." It 
 is 320 feet long, with a depth of 208 feet including projections. 
 It is two stories in height above the basement, and is without 
 tower or dome. The plan is rectangular, enclosing two squares, 
 which will ultimately be used, the one as an audience roouL and 
 the other as a library. The great staircase in the center of the 
 building, with the main halls above and below, form the striking 
 features of the interior. Every object has been subordinated to 
 securing the best rooms for exhibition, with reference to light and 
 simplicity of arrangement, and the architects have succeeded in 
 this diiection and, at the same time, furnished a dignified and 
 imposing exterior. The material used is Bedford limestojie, 
 with a foundation of granite. 
 
 The President of the Institute is Charles L. Hutchinson; 
 Director, W. M. R. French. With a full corps of competent 
 teachers and lecturers, the best of material, models, costunica, 
 still-life objects, library, etc., every facility is afforded the student 
 for a tliorough education in art. 
 
 TH!'. ARMOUR MISSION. 
 
 Among the places of interest about which a stranger in- 
 quires when visiting the city of Chicago is the Armour Mission. 
 This institution is the outgrowth of the City Mission, founded 
 in November, t886, to which Joseph F. Armour, who died in 
 
'•muSmmSBBSm^ 
 
 g(^^ 
 
ILLINOIS — INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 153 
 
 18S1, bequeathed $100,000. Becoming at once much interested 
 in carrying forward the purposes of his brother, Air. Philip D. 
 Armour increased the bequest to $1,000,000, and incorporated 
 the Armour Mission Company xmder the laws of Illinois. With 
 characteristic business foresight Air. Armour sought to p^-ovide a 
 constant" revenue for this enterprise, and purchased ground and 
 erected tenement buildings, containing over two hundred apart- 
 ments, the rental of which is applied to the support of the 
 Mission. 
 
 Air. Armour loves chilrdren, and his S3'mpathies and a help- 
 nig hand are ever extended to assist those who would help them- 
 selves. He believes in the importance of early training and sur- 
 roundings to develop the highest manhood and womanhood, and 
 puts his theories into practice by providing for the temporal as 
 well as spiritual well-being of the people with whom he is asso- 
 ciated. Armour Alission is unsectarian and is open to all, "re- 
 gardless of race or creed," and here a great Sunday-school a.s- 
 sembles, the Auditorium accommodating twenty-five hundred 
 people. Connected with the Alission are a day nursery, a kinder- 
 garten, an industrial school and free medical dispensary. A 
 night school also affords an opportunit}- for study to those whose 
 "daily bread" depends entirely upon their own exertions, and who 
 would otherwise be deprived of all educational advantages. 
 
 THE ARMOUR INSTITUTE. 
 
 Armour Institute, Air. P. D. Armour's splendid contribu- 
 lion to the cause of education, originallj^ had in view industrial 
 training for boys and girls rather than the comprehensive scheme 
 of technical education to which it is now committed. Some of 
 the purely industrial features arc retained, nor is their iniport- 
 axKe slighted. But the latter form of organization is due to a 
 conviction of the need in Chicago of a school for high-ckrss tech- 
 nical instruction. These two ideas have happily influenced each 
 other, giving to the industrial work, as planned, a more thor- 
 oughly scientific basis, and making the technical departments 
 
154 
 
 Tin-: wHiTi-: cirv — ii.i.ixois. 
 
 scnools for the practical application of science and not mainly 
 for theoretical instruction. It will be a specific aim of the Insti- 
 tute to produce men capable of addressing themselves in a 
 practical and efficient manner to the solution of the various 
 engineering problems. 
 
 The plan of organization of departments secures unity, to- 
 gether Avith the largest expression of individuality. The Aca- 
 demic Department co-ordinates all the cnrricula of preparatory 
 and technical studies and embraces the Scientific Academy, 
 which has a Latin, a Science, and a Technical course, and fits 
 students for colleges in general, and for the advanced coiu'scs of 
 Armour Institute in particular, and the Technical College, 
 in which are included the advanced technical courses, each four 
 years in length. Courses in Alechanical, Electrical, Mining, and 
 Civil Engineering have already been established. The technical 
 work of each course is conducted in a separate department, each 
 being exclusively iinder the charge of its own director. 
 
 The equipment is of the completest description and includes, 
 besid ^s the scientific apparatus, a fine Gymnasium, a Technical 
 Museum, and a choice Library, which already has over ten 
 thousand carefully chosen volumes. 
 
 The officers of the Armour Institute are : 
 
 Frank \< . Gunsaulus, D. D., President. 
 
 Thomas C. Roney, A. IM., Director of the Acaden'c De- 
 partment. 
 
 Earnest \V. Cooke, Director of the Department of Mechan- 
 ical Engineering. 
 
 Wilber AI. Stine, M. S., Director of the Department of 
 Mining Engineering. 
 
 Mrs. Mary A. Hull, Director of the Department of Domestic 
 Arts. 
 
 Miss Katharine L. Sharp, Ph.M., B. L. S., Director of the 
 Department of Library Science. 
 
 IMiss Eva B. Whitmore, Director of the Normal Department 
 of Kindergartens. 
 
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ILLINOIS — INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 T55 
 
 Philip D. Armour was born in Stockbridge Hills, New 
 York, May i6, 1832, and in country schools and the Academy 
 at Watertown received such education as fitted him to enter the 
 business world when he became of age. In 1852 he joined a 
 California party, and made the long overland journey to the "far 
 West," where he remained four years. After reaching home, he 
 ahuost immediately turned westward, settling in Milwaukee, 
 Wisconsin, where lie entered into a partnership with Frederick 
 B. Miles, in the commission business. He afterward became as- 
 sociated with John Plankinton, of that City, and their united 
 efforts built up' an enormous grain and provision trade. 
 
 Mr. Armour has many business interests, being director and 
 principal stockholder of the Chicago, IVIilwaukee & St. Paul 
 Railway, as well as heading the greatest elevator combination in 
 the world, and in La^e transportation controlling one of the 
 largest companies. It is through his packing enterprise, how- 
 ever, that he is most widely known, the main plant of which is 
 located at the Union Stock Yards, Chicago, and the second h rg- 
 est, at Kansas City, Missouri, in the various branches of which 
 business about 17,000 men, boys and women are employed. 
 
 Mr. Armour was married in 1862 to Miss Malvina Belle 
 Ogden, of Cincinnati, and together they have lovingly journeyed, 
 while two sons, Jonathan Ogden and Philip D. Armour, Jr., have 
 been sharers of the comfortable but unostentatious home. Mr. 
 Armour is methodical in his habits, and is a constant example 
 of industr}'- to the thousands of employes connected with the 
 vast establishments of which he is the lieaJ^ and chief. As to 
 his kindness of heart, the Mission and Institute speak more elo- 
 quently than written volumes, ever testifying of the philanthropic 
 purposes which actuate his daily life. 
 
 THP: UNIVERSITY OF CT^ICAGO. 
 
 The name, University of Chicago, has long been a familiar 
 one, although the present institution was not projected prior to 
 1888. In 1855 several citizens of Chicago called upon Stephen 
 
■""■ ■IWfiM 
 
 BH 
 
 156 
 
 THE WIIITH CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 A. Douglas and presented the idea of securing for the city ;ui in- 
 stitution of higher learning, and, as a result of this ni('etiiit>;, 
 Mr. Douglas donated ten acres of land for a campus, and a cliai- 
 ter was granted to the University' of Chicago in 1S57, ^^^^ ^'^y'",s 
 of the corner-stone, which occurred on the fourth of July of that 
 3'car, being an event of great interest. The building, when com- 
 pleted, was an imposing granite structure, occupying a portion 
 of the grounds belonging to the Douglas homestead, and was 
 supplied with the necessary class-rooms, dormitories, halls, li- 
 brarj', parlors, professors' rooms, etc., and all the conveniences 
 which were obtainable at that date. In 1886 tlie University 
 passed into the hands of an insurance conipau}-, and was there- 
 after occupied by tenants of every descrip*^ion until January. 
 1889, when the walls were razed, and the material used in the 
 construction of other buildings. 
 
 In 1888, Professor Harper, now President of the institution, 
 conferred with John D. Rockefeller, and at the clo.se of that year 
 presented to the Baptist Board of Education a proposition "to 
 establish an educational institution upon a broader and more lib- 
 eral basis than that of any other college or university in this 
 countr3\" The subject was presented to a committee of prom- 
 inent men in the spring of 1889, and Chicago chosen as the seat 
 of the Institution. 
 
 Mr. Rockefeller's conditional gift of $600,000 was supple- 
 mented by the $400,000 which he required of others, and, in 
 addition, $15,000 in books and $125,000 in land was ahso con- 
 tributed. In September, 1890, the University of Chicago was 
 incorporated under the laws of Illinois, Dr. William Rainey 
 Harper, of Yale, accepting the presidency. 
 
 Again Mr. Rockefeller generously contributed to the insti- 
 tution, giving $1,000,000, "conditioned upon the Baptist Union 
 Theological Seminary at Morgan Park — a suburb of Chicago- 
 being made the Divinity School of the new University, and that 
 an Academy be organized," which proposition was immediately 
 accepted. 
 
ILLINOIS — INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 157 
 
 The erection of the buildings began November 26, 1891, the 
 first being a four storj' Recitation Building 168x85 feet, and 
 Dorniitorj' Buildings for the University and Divinity School, the 
 former costing 5i^2 10,000. This institution, which admitted its 
 first pupils in October, 1892, has at the present time a large 
 enrollment of students, and one hundred and twenty iusttuctors 
 in charge. Seven buildings have been completed, at a cost of 
 5900,000, and it is estimated that, by the opening of the October 
 term, 1893, five more will be ready for occupancy, the cost of 
 which will aggregate $2,000,000. 
 
 The University of Chicago is located between Fift3'-seventh 
 Street on the north and Midway Plaisance on the south, Lexing- 
 ton Avenue on the east and Ellis Avenue on the west, the tract, 
 consisting of twenty-five acres, lying between Washington and 
 Jackson Parks. The original site was donated by Marshall 
 Field, though some additions have been made thereto by purchase 
 and the vacating of land by the city, which now gives to the 
 University an undivided tract. 
 
 In addition to the gifts of Mr. Rockefeller, other generous 
 donations have been made. The estate of William B. Ogden — 
 first Mayor of Chicago — has contributed to the University §1700,- 
 000, which amount will be used to establish the Ogden Scientific 
 School ; the Kent Chemical Laboratory has been provided for by 
 Mr. S. A. Kent of Chicago, who donated $200,000 to the institu- 
 tion ; the Walker Museum, costing $100,000, is the gift of another 
 Chicago citizen, Mr. George C. Walker; the Ryersou Physical 
 Lal)oratory, costing $200,000, is a donation of IMartin A. Ryerson 
 of Chicago, and is now in process of construction; Rust Hall, 
 for which the amount of $70,000 was furnished by Maj. H. A. 
 Rust, and the Field Biological Laboratory, a contribution of 
 Marshall Field, costing $250,000, are also donations of Chicago 
 citizens. The Yerkes Laboratory will contain the largest and 
 most powerful telescope in the world, for the purchase of which, 
 together with the construction of the tower, Mr. Yerkes of Chi- 
 cago, donated $500,000. The lenses of this wonderful telescope 
 
158 
 
 Tin-; wiirn-; crrv — Illinois. 
 
 are forty-two inches in diameter, and will cost #46,000 ulicii 
 ready for mounting. 
 
 The ladies of Chicago have also interested themselves in 
 this new University, and several have generously donated nuaiis 
 to further the cau.se, among them being Mrs. Henrietta Snell, Mrs. 
 Mary Beecher, Mrs. N. S. P'oster and Mrs. E. G. Kelly, and the 
 buildings for which their donations provide are cither in process 
 of construction or will be erected in the near future. 
 
 Ti;c University is organized into four distinct divisions: 
 the University proper, the University Extension, the University 
 Library and Museum, and the University Press. The Uni- 
 versity proper includes Schools, Academies and Colleges; the 
 University Extention is organized into six Departments— 
 lecture-study, class-work, correspondence, examination, library 
 and training; the University Library and Museum embrace the 
 General Librarj^ and General Museum and all apparatus and 
 material pertaining thereto, and the University F ess includes the 
 Departments of Printing, Publication and Purchase. 
 
 The Divinity School is open to students of all denominations 
 of Christians, and prepares them for the ministry, for missionary 
 fields or for Christian teachers. 
 
 The question of co-education of the sexes was seriously and 
 earnestly considered at the inception of the enterprise, and re- 
 sulted in the adoption of a section in its charter obliging the 
 University " to pro\ide, impart and furnish opportunities for all 
 departments of higher education, to persons of bo'ih sexes, on 
 equal terms.'' 
 
Religion. 
 
 DWIGHT L. MOODY — niSHOP J. T.. RPAULDING. 
 
 DWIOriT LYMAX MOODY. 
 
 p^ N every human heart there is implanted the germ 
 of reverence for "Good" — the principle of all being 
 — though the chances and changes of life maj' dwarf 
 ^^ the sensibilities, until, to outward appearance, there 
 is neither respect nor love for the Supreme Ruler of 
 the Universe. To break through the shell of preju- 
 dice or indifference, and let the mello'ving rays of 
 Divine Light warm into active life the God-implanted 
 principle, is the work of the laborer in His. vineyard, but onlj' 
 he who can forget sr// and speak truth fcr Truth's sake, is 
 worthy of the plaudit: "Well done, good and faithful servant." 
 In all the ages of the world there have been those who were 
 ready to d/c for the cause rearest their hearts, and we honor the 
 Christian mart3'rs who perished for conviction's sake. The 
 Nineteenth Century — no less than the past — demands religious 
 heroism, but it is required of us that we /ivr and not die for the 
 cause of Christ and His Truth. 
 
 The religious denominations of this age have done and are 
 doing a noble work. They are holding aloft the banner of the 
 King, and welcoming beneath its ample folds the world's " weary 
 and heavy laden." One of the watchmen upon the towers of 
 Zion, whose voice has been heard in many lands, proclaiming 
 "glad tidings of great joy," is Dwight Lj'man Moody, who 
 
 llliimls 
 
 IN 
 
^mmmm 
 
 I(X) 
 
 THH VVHITK CITY — ILMNUIS. 
 
 speaks to the people and the people listen, because he ti.KCs tliun 
 by the hand and calls them " brother." 
 
 The subject of this sketch was born in Northfield, Massii- 
 chusetts, in 1837, and is therefore in the fifty-seventh year of his 
 age. F)arnest years they have ever been, from the period of 
 early life, spent upon the little plat of ground on the mountiiiu 
 side — the famil}' home — to the more eventful ones which followed. 
 At four he was left fatherless, and the famil}', then consistinj^ of 
 seven children, were under a mother's watchful guidance, the 
 oldest child being but thirteen years of age; and tender, indeed, 
 must be the recollections of that mother's care and love, since 
 upon her devolved the management of affairs, and the principal 
 education of her family. The district school afforded the only 
 instruction outside of home-teaching, and at the ag of seven- 
 teen Mr. Moody's school days were over, and he en^ ' in busi- 
 ness as a salesman in a boot and shoe store in Boston. He there 
 attended the Congregational church, and afterward became a 
 member of that denomination. 
 
 He was only nineteen years of age when he followed a 
 strong inclination to seek a western home, and in Chicago soon 
 became identified with the Plymouth Congregational Church, 
 and began the career of a home missionary, hiring several pews, 
 and attracting hither the j'oimg men of the city to hear the word 
 of God. From this small beginning grew the thought of Sunda}' 
 School work and the establishment of one on a broad basis, his 
 talent being especially directed to missionary labors, where his 
 efforts were crowned with abundant success. 
 
 Other cities and towns were sharers in the "glad tidings," 
 and Mr. Mood}-, with his co-worker, Mr. Sankey, went fearlessly 
 forward, recruiting the army of the Lord and giving Him the 
 glory. In 1872, Europe was visited, and the Old World re- 
 sponded to the invitation, and thousands enlisted under the " ban- 
 ner of the Cross." 
 
 While many Nations have been the field of his earnest la- 
 bors, Illinois, and particularly Chicago, is his home, and here 
 
ILLINOIS — RKI.IOION. 
 
 i6t 
 
 lias Iktu erected ri church, the l)iiil(linj; of which has cii}^a}j^ecl 
 tlic ihou^ hts of a greater munber of people than any other sim- 
 ilar structure in the world. Brick hy brick the walls were 
 raised, and each one in all the vast edifice stands for an earnest 
 contributor to the cause of ChrisL. A preacher for the people is 
 Mr. Moody. Simple his diction, but earnest and enthusiastic 
 arc his words. Denominational lines fall before tlie earnestness 
 of his appeal for better living, for practical Christianity, for a 
 life hid with Christ in Ood 
 
 "Let not thj' left hand know what thy ri}.(ht hand doeth" is 
 a text which finds its true interpretation in the life of Dwight 
 Lyiiuin Mond_v. 
 
 niSIIOP SI'.'M.ltlNG. 
 
 One of the most interestint^ personages in the Catholif. 
 church in America to-day is the Rt. Rev. J. L. Spalding, Bishop 
 of Peoria, Illinois. 
 
 His appointment as President of the Catholic Exibit at the 
 World's Fair, the connection of liis name with the arcliiepi.scopal 
 see of St. Louis, as well as the vigorous pastoral recently issued 
 frnni his pen in the name of the Archbishop and Bishops of 
 Illinois, have brought him so prominently before the public dur- 
 ing the past few weeks that the Colorado Catholic thinks the 
 occasion opportune for giving a brief sketch of his life and the 
 more important acts of his career as priest and bishop, which for 
 want of space we cannot in detail publish, though it is of a most 
 interesting ch icter; but the important work to which he has 
 given his energies was in organizing the new and scattered 
 diocese of Peoria, and it showed the good judgment of those who 
 were responsible for his appointment. The thirty-two counties of 
 Illinois, which at that time comprised the diocese of Peoria, had 
 fifty-one chnrches scattered over a territory as large as the State 
 of ^lassachusetts, twenty-eight priests, few schools and no re- 
 ligious institutions. To-day the dioee.se has over 100,000 Cath- 
 olics, 180 churches, 142 priests, fifty schools and academies, seven 
 hospitals, two orphan asylums and a prosperous college. 
 
miifflMilIiiWawBnmiifafMf— iiirMii » rir«ii mm 
 
 162 
 
 THK WHITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
 Bishop Spalding, with his well known modesty, gives credit 
 for all this good work to <"he priests of the diocese, but it is ucH 
 known whose hand has guided all the work, whose wise councils 
 and hearty encouragement has been so large a part of the success 
 attained. It is not often that close students and those who love 
 to dwell with the master minds of the past and present are very 
 successful in the ordinary affairs of life. Bishop Spalding is :. 
 brilliant exception to this rule. His practical shrewdness ;uid 
 clear-cut business tact have made his opinion on business matters 
 highly valued and much sought after by men of the world. 
 
 That the efforts of Archbishop Ireland, Bishop Spalding and 
 those associated with them were eminently successful can l)e 
 seen in the thrifty Catholic population in the parts of IMinnesota 
 and Nebraska where their colonies were located 
 
 Those who have once read one of his works seek with avidity 
 all further productions of his pen. This longing is expressed 
 so much better than we can say it by the editor of the Catholic 
 Union and 7 imcs, that we reproduce here in full his remarks on 
 the subject: 
 
 " The charm of Bishop Spalding's writings — both in prose 
 and verse — is that he never repeats himself. "The world abounds 
 to-day with literary pushers who display a woeful poverty of 
 originality. Once read, you have their entire stock in trade; for 
 in all their after efforts there is nothing but the same old thought 
 trotted out to do magazine or newspaper service in a sort of new- 
 fangled verbose dress. The cool imposition of such writers is 
 not more surprising than the patient endurance of the public 
 with such shallow pretense. How different the Bishop of Peoria ! 
 His thoughts are copious, clear and deep as the v.-aters of a Hnipid 
 spring, and, while heart and brain are bathed in their crystalline 
 flow, there is ever a quenchless longing and a sigh of the soul 
 for more." 
 
 His principal productions not mentioned elsewhere in ihis 
 article are "Essays and Reviews," "Education and the Higher 
 Life," and "Lectures and Discourses." He is not a frequent. but 
 
ILLINOIS — RKLIGION. 
 
 163 
 
 uhvavs a valued and inuch-soiiglit-for contributor in prose and 
 verse to our best magazines and reviews. 
 
 We must not close this sketch without referring to Bishop 
 Spalding's efforts to erect in this countr}- a school for the higher 
 education of Catholic youth, both lay and cleric. He saw that 
 our educational institutions were merely preparatory, fitting 
 their students for the ordinarj^ affairs of life, but leaving no 
 forces in reserve for times of emergency. This deficiency he en- 
 deavored to supply by the erection of a Catholic University. 
 One would imagine that such a project would be hailed with de- 
 lij^ht as soon as broached, especially when along with the proposi- 
 tion were offered the funds necessary to carry it into effect. We 
 are nevertheless compelled to record the fact that the foundation 
 of our Catholic University met with opposition where it was least 
 expected, and that its inauguration was attended by obstacles 
 wliich at times threatened to destroy it. Bishop Spalding in this 
 only experienced the reception met with by his illustrious uncle 
 when he founded the American college at Louvain. Like him 
 also, be snatched success from the jaws of defeat, and placed his 
 cherished institutioii on such a firm basis that it can no longer 
 be looked upon as an experiment. His appointment as president 
 of the Catholic Educational Exhibit at the World's Fair was a 
 wise one. Whether he be appointed to succeed Archbishop Ken- 
 rick in St. Louis, or be permitted to pursue in peace his life of 
 study in Peoria the Colorado Catholic believes that it echoes the 
 heart-felt wish of all who may read these lines when it says: 
 "May he long be spared to the church in America, to strengthen 
 by his voice and pen the sacred cause of God and truth." 
 
/Ilinois SoGieticg. 
 
 ■ I 
 
 GRAND ARMY OF TIIK RKl'l HI.IC — VOUXG MKX'S CHRISTIAN 
 
 ASvSOCIATION — women's CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION 
 
 — CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR — KPWORTH LEAGUP:. 
 
 GRAND ARMY 01>' THE REPUBLIC. 
 
 p:^HH first Grand Army Post hi the United States 
 was organized at Decatur, in tliis State, April 6, 
 1 866, with Gen. Isaac C. Pngh as Commander. 
 The Department of Illinois was organized Jiilv 
 12, i866, at Springfield, and Gen. John W. 
 Palmer was elected the first Department Com- 
 mander. The history of the Grand Army, in 
 the State which gave it birth, is one of strugt^lc 
 and misfortnne. Althongh there were reported to be about 330 
 Posts in the State in 1869, two 3'ears later the number had de- 
 creased to less than twenty-five, and a little later the nnmber was 
 narrowed down to onl}- one — Nevins Post, now Nnmber i, at Rock- 
 ford. Since that time the Department has steadilj'' gained in 
 nnmbers and influence, and in 1892 was represented at the 
 National Encampment b}- 620 Posts. The membership, Decem- 
 ber 31,1891, was 32,984, and the deaths reported for the year 
 were 477. 
 
 The Women's Relief Corps is reported in excellent condi- 
 tion and in hearty S3nnpathy with the Grand Army, in whose 
 charitable labors they are co-workers. The Sons and Daughters 
 of Veterans are also faithfully carrying forward the ministry of 
 love inaugurated by their honored sires. 
 
 Illinuis 
 
 1(14 
 
ILLINOIS — SOCI KTI KS. 
 
 T&5 
 
 At the Department Encanipiiient in i8(S4 a committee con- 
 sisting of Post Department Commanders H. Hilliard, E. D. 
 Swain, J. W. Bnrst and T. G. Lawler, Avas appointed to ot)tain 
 statistics as to the number of dependent soldiers in the State; 
 to niemoralize the Legislature on the necessity of at ouce pro- 
 viding a Heme for the comfort of these veterans, aiid to prepare 
 a bill for the consideration of the Legislature covering the objects 
 to be accomplished, in order that a Home could be provided for a 
 limited number of veterans at the earliest date. 
 
 The committee secured from the Legislature an appropri- 
 ation of $200,000 for the construction of the buildings, and 
 enough cottages were built to accommodate all veterans who were 
 in the charitable institutions of the State before the severe cold 
 weather of the late fall came iipon them. 
 
 The Legislature of 18S6 and 1S87 made an appropriation 
 for buildings and maintenance and the total appropriations up to 
 1889 were $605,500. The number of inmates at that date was 
 562 and cottages have since been constructed, increasing the ac- 
 commodations to 750 men. 
 
 THE VOCNX; MEN S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 
 
 The growth of Young Men's Christian Association work in 
 Illinois is a most noteworth}' feature of the histor}- of this great 
 State. The first Association organized was at Chicago, in June, 
 1S58, large!}- under the leadership of Mr. D. L. Moody, who de- 
 voted his energies to this line of work for some years. The 
 great work which he has accomplished and is accomplishing is 
 dne in no small measure to the training and development re- 
 ceived while in the Young Men's Christian Association of Chi- 
 cago. He has spoken thus of the Association: ''It has, under 
 God, done more in developing me for christian work than any 
 otlier agency." 
 
 The growth diiring the next twenty years was steady, ex- 
 tending into many of the important cities of the State. In 1869 
 and 1870 a closer supervision of the Association was taken up, 
 
1 66 
 
 THE WHITE CITV — ILLINOIS. 
 
 Mr. Robert W'eld.'iisall, Western vSecretar}- of the International 
 Committee, devoting much time to traveling in the State and 
 organizing and directing Associations in their work. In iSjj 
 Mr. C. M. Morton was secured as State Secretar}' for Illinois; 
 after three years of faithful service he resigned to take up 
 general evangelistic work. In June, i8So, Mr. J. E. Brown was 
 secured as State Secretary, and under his able leadership the 
 Association work has steadily grown and prospered. There are 
 now but three cities with oyer ten thousand population in the 
 State which are without a well-equipped Young Men's Christian 
 Association. The lines of work maintained are numerous and 
 varied, as the following brief outline shows: 
 
 Sociall}' — through pleasant, home-like quarters, social 
 gatherings, games and entertainments. 
 
 Physical!}' — through gymnasiums, athletics, out-door sports, 
 bath-rooms, health talks, etc. 
 
 Intellcctuall}- — through lectures, practical talks, reading 
 rooms, and educational classes, giving evening instruction in 
 practical studies. 
 
 Spiritually — through Gospel meetings and Bible classes, 
 Christian friendship, and direction into church relations. 
 
 In addition to these the association is helpful to young men 
 in finding suitable boarding places, in securing emploj^ment, by 
 x'isitation and care in sickness and in man}' other ways. 
 
 The Associations are also organized among young men in 
 the small towns, where a necessarily circumscribed, bnt not 
 unimportant, work is accomplished. Associations also exist in 
 thirty of the leading colleges of the State, where systematic and 
 thorough work by christian students is being organized and con- 
 ducted. A number of Railroad Branches also exist, and the 
 prospect for the further organization of this department is en- 
 couraging, as a number of the leading Railroad corporations are 
 asking that pleasant rooms with christian influence be established 
 for their men at important division points. Another interesting 
 feature is the system of corresponding members of the State As- 
 
W. C. T. U. Temple, Chicago. 
 
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IIJ.IXOIS — SOCIIvTIKS. 
 
 167 
 
 sociation, in towns where no Association exists. The plan is to 
 secure a capable christian man in every town, who is the oflBcial 
 representative of the Association for his community. Whenever 
 a}(»ung man leaves his town to locate in a large city or to enter 
 colle.tje, he is supplied with a note introducing him to the Young 
 MeiTs Christian Association where he goes, so that he may be 
 cordially welcomed to the privileges there. 
 
 There are at present (June 1893) ninety-nine Associations 
 in the vState, beside 364 towns having corresponding members. 
 
 The Associations, at their annual State Convention, appoint 
 a State Executive Committee consiting of twenty-seven leading 
 business men froni all parts of the State, who have charge of the 
 supcr\ision and extension of the work. They employ a corps 
 of secretaries, consisting of the State Secretary (having general 
 supervision of the whole field), a traveling secretary for the city 
 and railroad Associations, for the college departments and for the 
 village Associations; also a Financial Secretary, Secretary for 
 the Corresponding IMembership Department and an Office Secre- 
 tary. 
 
 The Young Men's Christian Association is recognized as a 
 special department of church work, confining its efforts to young 
 men. It is established by the churches, .'supported by the 
 churches and governed by the churches, being interdenomina- 
 tional in its work. Pastors everywhere bear testimony as to its 
 value. The total membership in the State is 14,000. 
 
 woman'vS christian tp:mperanck union. 
 
 The organization of the Woman's Christian Temperance 
 Uuion for Illinois was effected in 1874, the first Annual Conven- 
 tion being held at Bloomington, in October of that 3'ear. The 
 State officers for 1892-93 are: President, Mrs. Louise S. Rounds, 
 Chicago ; Vice-President, Mrs. Daisy H. Carlock, Hudson ; Cor- 
 responding Secretary-, Miss Mary C. Gregory, Chicago; Record- 
 'ng Secretary, Mrs. Carrie L- Grout, Rockford ; Treasurer, Mrs. 
 Amelia E. Sanford, Bloomington. 
 
1 68 
 
 TiiK wnrrH crrv — ii.lin'ois. 
 
 Illinois is divided iiitr twenty Districts, which are practi- 
 cally identical with the Congressional Districts of the vStatc, 
 with presidents in the order named: Mrs. Theo. Basset, Grand 
 Crossing; Mrs. M. A. Gordon, Chicago; Mrs. H. I,. Clarke, 
 Chicago ; Mrs. T. C. Reiley, Evanston ; Miss Emma Norton, 
 Marengo; Miss M. Lena Morrow, Freeport; Mrs. E. E. Reed, 
 Geneseo; Mrs. V. M. Taxis, Gardner ; Miss Luc}' P. Gaston, La- 
 con; Mrs. Elizabeth G. Hibben, Peoria; Miss Emma Ikll, 
 Warsaw; IMrs. Wni. P. Knhl, Beardstown; Mrs. Don. R. Frazer, 
 {/>n)/rm.), Springfield; Miss Margaret Crissey, Decatnr; Mrs. 
 Kate Goldman, Newman ; Miss M. C. Brehm, Claremont; Mrs. 
 Clara F. Gonld, Windsor ; Mrs. M. K. West, Edwardsville; Mrs. 
 M. C. Board, Harrisbnrg; Mrs. M. A. Phillips, Carbondale. 
 
 Again, there are County Organizations, with their presi- 
 dents, the counties being divided into auxilliaries. As reported 
 at the last convention, which met in October, 1892, at Danville, 
 there were 800 Unions in the State, and a membership of 16,000, 
 Illinois standing third in rank in the United States, New York 
 holding first and Ohio second place. 
 
 The various Departments of M-ork are placed in charge of 
 Superintendents, who report at the annual convention the results 
 of their labors, and encouraging indeed are these statements of 
 progress, as made by the earnest women who are identified with 
 this good cause. 
 
 The Chicago Central Union may be mentioned, in this con- 
 nection, as doing a noble work through its several Missions. 
 From twenty-five to thirty children are cared for dail}^ at the 
 nursery of the Bethesda Mission, which has also a free kinder- 
 garten with a regular attendance of about forty pupils. Sunday 
 School is held at this Mission and is well attended, as are also 
 the evening meetings at the same place. Hope Mission and 
 reading-room, for Scandinavians, snstrins a gospel temperance 
 meeting ever}^ evening, and Sunda3'-school every Sunday, at 
 which latter gathering about eight thousand children have been 
 present during the past 5'eai". Anchorage Mission, for \\'onien, 
 
ILLINOIS — SOCIKTiKvS. 
 
 169 
 
 has placed in good positions several hnndred girls dnring the 
 same period. Talcott Mission has also a day nursery andkinder- 
 jrarten, and, for the year 1S92, 10,000 children were accommo- 
 dated in the Home and about 14,000 meals were given away to 
 die poor of the district. The cost of Mission work of the Chi- 
 cago Central Union, for the year ending October, 1892, was $10,- 
 800, which amount was raised by subscriptions and donations. 
 This Union has also other Departments of work, such as a 
 FlcAvcr Mission, Press Work and Franchise, in charge of regu- 
 larly appointed Superintendents. 
 
 The State Headquarters of the Woman's Christian Temper- 
 flticc Union are at Room iioi, "The Temple," Chicago. 
 
 SOCIETY OK CHRISTIAN KNDKAVOR. 
 
 The State organization was perfected in October, 1886, at 
 Blooniiugton, Illinois, at which time Chas. "R. Holdrege was 
 elected president. At the first State Convention about thirty 
 delegates were present; in 1892, two thousand representatives 
 attended the International meeting in New York, out of the 
 sixty thousand membership in the State at that time, and Illinois 
 was onl}' surpassed in the number of societies by the States of 
 New York and Pennsylvania. 
 
 The officers of the Illinois Christian Endeavor Union for 
 1892-3, are: President, Chas. B. Holdrege, Chicago; Vice- 
 President, Hope Reed Cod}^, Chicago; Secretarj^, Charles F. 
 Mills, Springfield; Treasurer, F. D. Rugg, Champaign; Auditor, 
 C. A. Chappell, Chicago; State Superintendent Junior Work, 
 Thomas Wainright, Chicago; State Superintendent Missionary 
 Department, Miss Frances B. Patterson, Chicago; State Super- 
 intendent Normal Department (Bible Study), J. D. Templeton, 
 Bloomington. The following are the Advisory Board : 
 
 Congregational — Rev. J. M. Sturtevant, D. D., Galesburg. 
 
 Presbyterian — Rev. W. H. Penhallegon, D. D., Decatur. 
 
 Baptist— Rev. L. A. Crandall, D. D., Chicago. 
 
 Methodist— Rev. W. O. Shepard, D. D., Rockford. 
 
 ii- 
 
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I70 
 
 TMH WIIITK CITY — ILLINOIS. 
 
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 Christian — Rev. G. A. Miller, Normal. 
 Cuinbcrland Presbyterian — Rev. R. M.Tinnon,D.D., Lincoln. 
 Methodist Protestant— Rev. A. H. Widney, Cuba. 
 Lutheran— Rev. M. F. Troxell, D. D., Springfield. 
 Reformed Episcopal — Rev. M. Fairly, Peoria. 
 United Presbyterian — Rev. John Knox Montgomery, Spuria. 
 Vice-President of the United Society for Illinois — Rt. Rev. 
 Charles Edward Cheney, D. D., Chicago. 
 
 lU'WORTII LIvACUK. 
 
 A week after the formation of the Epworth League an en- 
 thusiastic sp;:akcr predicted that within five years 5,000 chapters 
 would be organized. At the time it .seemed a daring assertion, 
 but figures prove that the speaker did not over-estimate its won- 
 derful growth, since in less than four years over 10,000 chapters 
 have been organized in one religious denomination (the Method- 
 ist) alone. 
 
 Illinois has been bearing well her part in point of numbers 
 
 and interest. The first State Convention was held in Chicago, 
 July 18, 1892, at the Cen*-Miary Methodist Episcopal Church, 
 and about 1,000 delegates were present. The closing services 
 of the convention were conducted at the Auditorium, which was 
 filled with interested listeners. 
 
 The State has at present about 1,200 chapters, averaginj,^ 
 fifty members each, with officers, as follow: President, H. V. 
 Holt, Evanston ; First Vice-President, Chas. E. Piper, Chicago; 
 Second Vice-President, A. G. Johnson, Galesburg; Third \icc- 
 President, R. G. Hobbs, Champaign; Fourth Vice-President, 
 R. W. Ropiequet, Belleville; Se -etar}^, F. H Cumming, Galva; 
 Treasurer, J. R. Lindgun, Chicago. 
 
 The Epworth Herald is the official organ of the League and 
 is published weekly in Chicago, Joseph F. Berry editing tli- in- 
 teresting sheet. The central office of the Epworth League is 
 located at 57 Washington street, Chicago. 
 
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